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HISTORICAL 
 
 ENCYCLOPEDIA 
 
 OF 
 
 ILLINOIS 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 Newton Bateman, LL.D. Paul Selby, A.M. 
 
 GOOK COUNTY EDITION 
 
 VOLUME II. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 CHICAGO : 
 
 MUNSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 
 PUBLISHERS. 
 
 19 5. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, 
 in the years 1894, 1899 and 1900, by 
 
 WILLIAM W . M U N S E L L , 
 
 in the office of tlie Librarian of Conaress 
 
 at 
 
 Washington. 
 
 COPYRIGHTED 1905 
 All ri gilts reserved 
 
5i 
 
 
 603 
 
 Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois. 
 
 STATE BAIVK OF ILLINOIS. The first legis- 
 lation, having for its object the establishment of 
 a bank within the territory which now consti- 
 tutes the State of Illinois, was the passage, by the 
 Territorial Legislature of 18 IG, of an act incor- 
 porating the "Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown, 
 with branches at Edwardsville and Kaskaskia." 
 In the Second General Assembly of the State 
 (1820) an act was passed, over the Governor's 
 veto and in defiance of the adverse judgment of 
 the Council of Revision, establishing a State 
 Bank at Vandalia with branches at Shawneetown, 
 Edwardsville, and Brownsville in Jackson County. 
 This was, in effect, a rechartering of the banks at 
 
 • Shawneetown and Edwardsville. So far as the 
 former is concerned, it seems to have been well 
 managed ; but the official conduct of the officers 
 of the latter, on the basis of charges made by 
 Governor Edwards in 182G, was made the subject 
 of a legislative investigation, which (although it 
 resulted in nothing) seems to have had some 
 basis of fact, in view of the losses finally sus- 
 tained in winding up its affairs — that of the Gen- 
 eral Government amounting to §54,000. Grave 
 charges were made in this connection against 
 men who were then, or afterwards became, 
 prominent in State affairs, including one Justice 
 of the Supreme Court and one (still later) a 
 United States Senator. The experiment was dis- 
 astrous, as, ten years later (1831), it was found 
 necessary for the State to incur a debt of 8100,000 
 to redeem the outstanding circulation. Influ- 
 enced, however, by the popular demand for an 
 increase in the "circulating medium," the State 
 continued its experiment of becoming a stock- 
 holder in banks managed by its citizens, and 
 accordingly we find it, in 1835, legislating in the 
 same direction for the establishing of a central 
 "Bank of Illinois" at Springfield, with branches 
 at other points as might be required, not to ex- 
 ceed six in number. One of these branches was 
 
 • established at Vandalia and another at Chicago, 
 
 furnishing the first banking institution of tiie 
 latter city. Two years later, wlien the State was 
 entering upon its scheme of internal improve- 
 ment, laws were enacted increasing the capita^ 
 stock of these banks to §4,000,000 in the aggre- 
 gate. Following the example of similar insti^'U- 
 tions elsewhere, they suspended specie payments 
 a few months later, but were protected by "stay 
 laws" and other devices until 1843, when, fbo 
 internal improvement scheme having been final 'y 
 abandoned, they tell in general collapse, llie 
 State cea.sed to be a stock-holder in 1843, and t lie 
 banks were put in course of liquidation, thoiii;li 
 it required several years, to complete the worV. 
 
 STATE CAPITALS. The first State capital of 
 Illinois was Kaskaskia, where the first Territorirl 
 Legislature convened, Nov. 25, 1812. At tliat 
 time there were but five counties in the Stat'i- - 
 St. Clair and Randolph being the most important, 
 and Kaskaskia being the county -seat of th-' 
 latter. Illinois was admitted into the Union as a 
 State in 1818, and the first Constitution provided 
 that the seat of government should remain at 
 Kaskaskia until removed by legislative enact- 
 ment. That instrument, however, made it obli- 
 gatory iipon the Legislature, at its first session, 
 to petition Congress for a grant of not more than 
 four sections of land, on which should be erected 
 a town, which should remain the seat of govern- 
 ment for twenty years. The petition was duly 
 presented and granted ; and, in accordance with 
 the power granted by the Constitution, a Board 
 of five Comnaissioners selected the site of the 
 present city of Vandalia, then a point in the 
 wilderness, twentj' miles north of any settle 
 ment. But so great was the faitli of speculators 
 in the future of the proposed city, that town lots 
 were soon selling at §100 to §780 each. The Com- 
 missioners, in obedience to law, erected a plain 
 two-storj' frame building — scarcely more than a 
 commodious shanty — to which the State offices 
 were removed in December, 1820. This building 
 
504 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 was burned. Dec. 9, 1823, and a brick structure 
 erected in its place. Later, when the question of 
 a second removal of the capital began to be agi- 
 tated, the citizens of Vandalia assumed the risk 
 of erecting a new, brick State House, costing 
 816,000. Of tliis amount $6,000 was reimbursed 
 by the Governor from the contingent fund, and 
 the balance (§10,000) was appropriated in 1837, 
 when the seat of government was removed to 
 Springfield, bj- vote of the Tenth General Assem- 
 bly on the fourth ballot. The other places receiv- 
 ing the principal vote at the time of the removal 
 to Springfield, were Jacksonville, Vandalia, 
 Peoria. Alton and Illiopolis — Springfield receiv- 
 ing the largest vote at each ballot. The law 
 removing the capital appropriated §50,000 from 
 the State Treasury, provided that a like amount 
 should be raised by private subscription and 
 guaranteed by bond, and that at least two acres 
 of land should be donated as a site. Two State 
 Houses have been erected at Springfield, the first 
 cost of the present one (including fui-nishing) 
 having been a little in excess of §4,000,000. 
 Abraham Lincoln, who was a member of the 
 Legislature from Sangamon County at the time, 
 was an influential factor in securing the removal 
 of the capital to Springfield. 
 
 STATE DEBT. The State debt, which proved 
 so formidable a burden upon the State of Illinois 
 for a generation, and, for a part of that period, 
 seriously checked its prosperity, was the direct 
 outgrowtli of the internal improvement scheme 
 entered upon in 1837. (See Iiitcnidl Improvement 
 Policy. ) At the time this enterprise was under- 
 taken the aggregate debt of the State was less 
 than -§400,000 — accumulated within the preceding 
 six years. Two years later (1838) it had increased 
 to over §0,500,000, while the total valuation of 
 real and personal property, for the purposes of 
 taxation, was less than §60,000,000, and the aggre- 
 gate rec-eij)ts of the State trejisur}-, for the same 
 year, amounted to less tlian §150,000. At the 
 same time, the disbursements, for the support of 
 the State Government alone, had grown to more 
 than twice the rec;eipts. This disparity continued 
 until the declining cre<lit of the; St.ate forced upon 
 the managers of puV)lic affairs an involuntary 
 economy, when the means could no longer be 
 secured for more lavish expenditures. The first 
 JK>nd» iMHue<I at the inrcptif)!! of the internal 
 irnprovem«^nt scheme W)ld at a prcmiiim of 5 per 
 cent, but rapidly declined until they were hawked 
 in the markets of New Y'irk twid l/on<lori at a dis- 
 f'junt, in some ca.seH fulling into the hands u( 
 brokerH who failed before c^jmpleting their con- 
 
 tracts, thus causing a direct loss to the State. If 
 the internal improvement scheme was ill-advised, 
 the time chosen to carry it into effect was most 
 unfortunate, as it came simultaneously with the 
 panic of 1837, rendering the disaster all the more 
 complete. Of the various works undertaken by 
 the State, only the Illinois & Michigan Canal 
 brought a return, all the others resulting in more 
 or less complete loss. The internal improvement 
 scheme was abandoned in 1839-40, but not until 
 State bonds exceeding §13,000,000 had been 
 issued. For two years longer the State struggled 
 with its embarrassments, increased by the failure 
 of the State Bank in February, 1842, and, by that 
 of the Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown, a few 
 months later, with the proceeds of more than two 
 and a half millions of the State's bonds in their 
 possession. Thus left without credit, or means 
 even of paying the accruing interest, there were 
 those who regarded the State as hopelessly bank- 
 rupt, and advocated repudiation as the only 
 means of escape. Better counsels prevailed, how- 
 ever; the Constitution of 1848 put the State on a 
 basis of strict economy in the matter of salaries 
 and general expenditures, with restrictions upon 
 the Legislature in reference to incurring in- 
 debtedness, while the beneficent "two-mill tax" 
 gave assurance to its creditors that its debts 
 would be paid. While the growth of the State, 
 in wealth and population, had previously been 
 checked by the fear of excessive taxation, it now 
 entered upon a new career of prosperity, in spite 
 of its burdens — its increase in population, be- 
 tween 1850 and 1860, amounting to over 100 per 
 cent. The movement of the State debt after 1840 
 — when the internal improvement scheme was 
 abandoned — chiefly by accretions of unpaid inter- 
 est, has been estimated as follows: 1842, $15,- 
 637,950; 1844, §14,633,969; 1846, §16,389,817; 1848, 
 $16,661,795. It reached its maximum in 1853— 
 the first year of Governor Matte.son's administra- 
 tion — when it was officially reported at §10,724,- 
 177. At this time the work of extinguishment 
 bc^gan, and was pro.secuted under successive 
 administrations, except during the war, when 
 the vast expense incurred in sending troops to 
 the field cau.sed an incirease. During Governor 
 Rissell's administration, the reduction amounted 
 to over $3,000,000; during Ogle.sby's, to over five 
 and a tpiarter millicm, b(!sides two and a (juarter 
 million paid on interest. In 1880 the debt had 
 b(!en rcfduced to $2H1,059.11, and, before the close 
 of 1HH2, it had been entirely extinguished, except 
 u balance of $18,500 in bonds, which, having been 
 called in years previously and never presented for 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 505 
 
 payment, are supposed to have been lost. (See 
 Macalister and Stebbins Bonds.) 
 
 STATE GUARDIANS FOR GIRLS, a bureau 
 organized for the care of female juvenile delin- 
 quents, by act of June 2, 1893. The Board consists 
 of seven members, nominated by the Executive 
 and confirmed by the Senate, and who consti- 
 tute a body politic and corporate. Not more than 
 two of the members may reside in the same Con- 
 gressional District and, of the seven members, 
 four must be women. (See also Home for Female 
 Juvenile Offenders.) The term of office is six 
 years. 
 
 STATE HOUSE, located at Springfield. Its 
 construction was begun under an act passed by 
 the Legislature in February, 1867, and completed 
 in 1887. It stands in a park of about eight acres, 
 donated to the State by the citizens of Spring- 
 field. A provision of the State Constitution of 
 1870 prohibited the expenditure of any sum in 
 excess of 13,500,000 in the erection and furnishing 
 of the building, without previous approval of such 
 additional expenditure by the people. This 
 amount proving insufficient, the Legislature, at 
 its session of 1885, passed an act making an addi- 
 tional appropriation of $531,712, which having 
 been approved by popular vote at the general 
 election of 1886, the expenditure was made and 
 the capitol completed during the following year, 
 thus raising the total cost of construction and fur- 
 nishing to a little in excess of §4,000,000. The 
 building is cruciform as to its ground plan, and 
 classic in its style of architecture ; its extreme 
 dimensions (including porticoes), from north [to 
 south, being 379 feet, and, from east to west, 286 
 feet. The walls are of dressed Joliet limestone, 
 while the porticoes, which are spacious and 
 lofty, are of sandstone, supported by polished 
 columns of gray granite. The three stories of 
 the building are surmounted by a Mansard roof, 
 with two turrets and a central dome of stately 
 dimensions. Its extreme height, to the top of 
 the iron flag-staff, which rises from a lantern 
 springing from the dome, is 364 feet. 
 
 STATE NORMAL UNIVERSITY, an institu- 
 tion for the education of teachers, organized 
 under an act of the General Assembly, passed 
 Feb. 18, 1857. This act placed the work of 
 organization in the hands of a board of fifteen 
 persons, which was styled "The Board of Educa- 
 tion of the State of Illinois," and was constituted 
 as follows: C. B. Denio of Jo Daviess County; 
 Simeon Wright of Lee ; Daniel Wilkins of Mc- 
 Lean ; Charles E. Hovey of Peoria ; George P. Rex 
 of Pike; Samuel W. Moulton of Shelby; John 
 
 Gillespie of Jasper; George Bunsen of St. Clair,* 
 Wesley Sloan of Pope; Ninian W. Edwards of 
 Sangamon; John R. Eden of Moultrie; Flavel 
 Moseley and William Wells of Cook ; Albert R. 
 Shannon of White; and the Superintendent oL 
 Public Instruction, ex-officio. The object of the 
 University, as defined in the organizing law, is 
 to qualify teachers for the public schools of the 
 State, and the covirse of instruction to be given 
 embraces "the art of teaching, and all branches 
 which pertain to a common-school education ; in 
 the elements of the natural sciences, including 
 agricultural chemistry, animal and vegetable 
 physiology; in the fundamental laws of the 
 United States and of the State of Illinois in 
 regard to the rights and duties of citizens, and 
 such other studies as the Board of Education may, 
 from time to time, prescribe." Various cities 
 competed for the location of the institution, 
 Bloomington being finally selected, its bid, in- 
 cluding 160 acres of land, being estimated as 
 equivalent to §141,725. The corner-stone was 
 laid on September 29, 1857, and the first building 
 was ready for permanent occupancy in Septem- 
 ber, 1860. Previously, however, it had been 
 sufficiently advanced to permit of its being used, 
 and the first commencement exercises were held 
 on June 29 of the latter year. Three years 
 earlier, the academic department had been organ- 
 ized under the charge of Charles E. Hovey. The 
 first cost, including fui'niture, etc., was not far 
 from §200,000. Gratuitous instruction is given to 
 two pupils from each county, and to three from 
 each Senatorial District. The departments are : 
 Grammar school, high school, normal department 
 and model school, all of which are overcrowded. 
 The whole number of students in attendance on 
 the institution during the school year, 1897-98, 
 was 1,197, of whom 891 were in the normal 
 department and 306 in the practice school depart- 
 ment, including representatives from 86 coun- 
 ties of the State, with a few pupils from other 
 States on the payment of tuition. The teaching 
 faculty (including the President and Librarian) 
 for the same year, was made up of twenty-six 
 members — twelve ladies and fourteen gentlemen. 
 The expenditures for the year 1897-98 aggregated 
 §47,626.92, against §66,528.69 for 1896-97. Nearly 
 §22,000 of the amount expended during the latter 
 year was on account of the construction of a 
 gymnasium building. 
 
 STATE PROPERTY. The United States Cen- 
 sus of 1890 gave the value of real and personal 
 property belonging to the State as follows : Pub- 
 lic lands, §328,000; buildings, §22,164,000; mis- 
 
506 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 cellaneous property, §2,650,000— total, §25,142,000. 
 The land may be subdivided thus : Camp-grounds 
 of the Illinois National Guard near Springfield 
 (donated), $4:0,000; Illinois and Michigan Canal, 
 $168,000; Illinois University lands, in Illinois 
 (donated by the General Government), 841,000, in 
 Minnesota (similarly donated), $79,000. The 
 buildings comprise those connected with the 
 charitable, penal and educational institutions of 
 the State, besides the State Arsenal, two build- 
 ings for the use of the Appellate Courts (at 
 Ottawa and Mount Vernon), the State House, 
 the Executive Mansion, and locks and dams 
 erected at Henry and Copperas Creek. Of the 
 miscellaneous property, $120,000 represents the 
 equipment of the Illinois National Guard; $1,959, - 
 000 the value of the movable property of public 
 buildings; $550,000 the endowment fund of the 
 University of Illinois; and $21,000 the movable 
 property of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. The 
 figures given .relative to the value of the public 
 buildings include onl.y the first appropriations 
 for their erection. Considerable sums have 
 since been expended upon some of theni in repairs, 
 enlargements and improvements. 
 
 STATE TREASI'RERS. The only Treasurer 
 of Illinois during the Territorial period was John 
 Thomas, who served from 1812 to 1818, and 
 became the first incumbent under the State 
 Government. Under tlie Constitution of 1818 
 the Treasurer was elected, biennially, by joint vote 
 of the two Houses of the General Assembly ; by 
 the Constitution of 1848, this officer was made 
 elective by tlie peojjle for the same period, witli- 
 out limitations as to number of terms; under the 
 Constitution of 1870, the manner of election and 
 duration of term are unchanged, but the incum- 
 bent is ineligible to re-election, for two years 
 from expiration of the term for which he may 
 have been cliosen. The following is a list of the 
 State Treasurers, from tlie date of tlie admission 
 of tlie State into the Union down to the present 
 time (1899), with the date and dur.ation of the 
 term of each: Jolin Thomas, 1818-19; Robert K. 
 Mcl^auglilin, 1819-2;j; Abner Field, 1821127; 
 James Hall, 1827 31; John Dement, 1831-36; 
 Cliarles Gregory, 1836-37; John D. Whiteside, 
 1H37-41; Milton Carjienter, 1841-48; John Moore, 
 1848-57; James Miller, 1857-59; William Uutler, 
 18.59-63; Alexanrler Starno, 180365; James II. 
 Hevcridge, 1M65-67; George W. Smith, 1867-69; 
 KraHtUH N. liates, 1869-73; Kdward Riitz, 1H73-75; 
 Tliornas S. Hidgway, 1H75-77; Edward Rut/,, 
 1877-79; Jolin C. Smith. 1879-81; Edward Riitz, 
 1881-83, John C. Smith, 1883-85; Jacob (Jross, 
 
 1885-87; John R. Tanner, 1887-89; Charles 
 Becker, 1889-91; Edward S. Wilson, 1891-93; 
 RufusN. Ramsay, 1893-95; Henry Wulff, 1895-97; 
 Henry L. Hertz, 1897-99; Floyd K. Whittemore, 
 1899- . 
 
 STAUNTON, a village in the southeast corner 
 of Macoupin County, on the Chicago, Peoria & 
 St. Louis and the Wabash Railwa}^s; is 36 miles 
 northeast of St. Louis, and 14 miles southwest of 
 Litchfield. Agriculture and coal-mining are the 
 industries of the surrounding region. Staunton 
 has two banks, eight churches and a weekly 
 newspaper. Population (1880), 1,358; (1890), 2,209; 
 (1900), 2,786. 
 
 STEEL PRODUCTION. In the manufacture 
 of steel, Illinois has long ranked as the second 
 State in the Union in the amount of its output, 
 and, during the period between 1880 and 1890, 
 the increase in production was 241 per cent. In 
 1880 there were but six steel works in the State; 
 in 1890 these had increased to fourteen ; and the 
 production of steel of all kinds (in tons of 2,000 
 pounds) had risen from 254,569 tons to 868,250. 
 Of the 3,887,039 tons of Bessemer steel ingots, or 
 direct castings, produced in the United States in 
 1890, 22 per cent were turned out in Illinois, 
 nearly all the steel produced in the State being 
 made by that process. Fi-om the tonnage of 
 ingots, as given above, Illinois produced 622,260 
 pounds of steel rails, — more than 30 per cent of 
 the aggregate for the entire country. This fact 
 is noteworthy, inasmuch as the competition in 
 the manufacture of Bessemer steel rails, since 
 1880, has been so great that many rail mills have 
 converted their steel into forms other than rails, 
 experience having proved their production to 
 any considerable extent, during the past few 
 years, unprofitable except in works favorably 
 located for obtaining cheap raw material, or 
 operated under the latest and most approved 
 methods of manufacture. Open-hearth .steel is 
 no longer made in Illinois, but the manufacture 
 of crucible steel is slightly increasing, the out- 
 put in 1890 being 445 tons, as against 130 in 1880. 
 For purposes requiring special grades of steel the 
 product of the crucible process will be always 
 in demand, but the high cost of manufacture 
 Iirevents it, in a majority of instances, from 
 siurcessfully competing in price with the other 
 ])rocHSses mentioned. 
 
 S'l'EPHENSON, It<^njaiiiin, i)ioneer and early 
 jxiliticiiiii, caiiK) to Illinois from Kentucky ib 
 IH09, and was appointed the first Slierilf of 
 Handolph Count.y by Govcn-nor Edwards under 
 the Territorial (jlovcrnment; afterwards s(M-ved 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 507 
 
 as a Colonel of Illinois militia during the War of 
 1812; represented Illinois Territory as Delegate 
 in Congress, 1814-lG, and, on his retirement from 
 Congress, became Register of the Land Office at 
 Edwardsville, finally dying at Edwardsville — Col. 
 James W. (Stephenson), a son of the preceding, 
 was a soldier during the Black Hawk War, after- 
 wards became a prominent politician in the north- 
 western part of the State, served as Register of 
 the Land Office at Galena and, in 1838, received 
 the Democratic nomination for Governor, but 
 withdrew before the election. 
 
 STEPHENSON, (Dr.) Benjamin Franklin, 
 physician and soldier, was born in Wayne 
 County, 111., Oct. 30, 1822, and accompanied his 
 parents, in 1825, to Sangamon County, where the 
 family settled. His early educational advantages 
 were meager, and he did not study his profession 
 (medicine) until after reaching his majority, 
 graduating from Rush Medical College, Chicago, 
 in 1850. He began practice at Petersburg, but, 
 in April, 1862, was mustered into the volunteer 
 army as Surgeon of the Fourteenth Illinois 
 Infantry. After a little over two years service he 
 was mustered out in June, 1864, when he took up 
 his residence in Springfield, and, for a year, was 
 engaged in the drug business there. In 1865 lie 
 resumed professional practice. He lacked tenac- 
 ity of purpose, however, was indifferent to money, 
 and always willing to give his own services and 
 orders for medicine to the poor. Hence, his prac- 
 tice was not lucrative. He was one of the leaders 
 in the organization of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic (which see), in connection with which 
 he is most widely known ; but his services in its 
 cause failed to receive, during his lifetime, the 
 recognition which they deserved, nor did the 
 organization promptly flourish, as he had hoped. 
 He finally returned with his family to Peters- 
 burg. Died, at Rock Creek, Menard, County, 111., 
 August 30, 1871. 
 
 STEPHENSON COUNTY, a northwestern 
 county, with an area of 560 square miles. The 
 soil is rich, productive and well timbered. Fruit- 
 culture and stock-raising are among the chief 
 industries. Not until 1827 did the aborigines quit 
 the locality, and the county was organized, ten 
 years later, and named for Gen. Benjamin 
 Stephenson. A man named Kirker, who had 
 been in the employment of Colonel Gratiot as a 
 lead-miner, near Galena, is said to have built the 
 first cabin within the present limits of what was 
 called Burr Oak Grove, and set himself up as an 
 Indian-trader in 1826, but only remained a short 
 time. He was followed, the next year, by Oliver 
 
 W. Kellogg, who took Kirker's place, built a 
 more pretentious dwelling and became the first 
 permanent settler. Later came William Wad- 
 dams, the Montagues, Baker, Kilpatrick, Preston, 
 the Goddards, and others whose names are linked 
 with the county's early history. The first house 
 in Freeport was built by William Baker. Organi- 
 zation was effected in 1837, the total poll being 
 eighty-four votes. The earliest teacher was Nel- 
 son Martin, who is said to have taught a school 
 of some twelve pupils, in a house which stood on 
 the site of the present city of Freeport. Popula- 
 tion (1880), 31,963; (1890), 31,838; (1900), 34,933. 
 
 STERLING, a flourishing city on the north 
 bank of Rock River, in Whiteside County, 109 
 miles west of Chicago, 29 miles east of Clinton, 
 Iowa, and 52 miles east-nortlieast of Rock Island. 
 It has ample railway facilities, furnished by the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, the Sterling & 
 Peoria, and the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 
 roads. It contains fourteen -churches, an opera 
 house, high and grade schools, Carnegie library, 
 Government postoffice building, tliree banks, 
 electric sti"eet and interurban car lines, electric 
 and gas lighting, water-works, paved streets and 
 sidewalks, fire department and four nevv^spaper 
 offices, two issuing daily editions. It has fine 
 water-power, and is an important manufacturing 
 center, its works turning out agricultural imple- 
 ments, carriages, paper, barbed-wire, school furni- 
 ture, burial caskets, pumps, sash, doors, etc. It 
 also has the Sterling Iron Works, besides foundries 
 and machine shops. The river here flows through 
 charming scenery. Pop. (1890), 5,824; (1900) 6,309. 
 
 STEVENS, Bradford A., ex-Congressman, was 
 born at Boscawen (afterwards Webster), N. H., 
 Jan. 3, 1813. After attending schools in New 
 Hampshire and at Montreal, he entered Dart- 
 mouth College, graduating therefrom in 1835. 
 During the six years following, he devoted him- 
 self to teaching, at Hopkinsville, Ky., and New 
 York City. In 1843 he removed to Bureau 
 County, 111., where he became a merchant and 
 farmer. In 1868 he was chairman of the Board 
 of Supervisors, and, in 1870, was elected to Con- 
 gress, as an Independent Democrat, for the Fifth 
 District. 
 
 STEVENSON, Adlai E., ex-Vice-President of 
 the United States, was born in Christian County, 
 Ky., Oct. 23, 1835. In 1852 he removed with his 
 parents to Bloomington, McLean County, 111., 
 where the family settled; was educated at the 
 Illinois Wesleyan University and at Centre Col- 
 lege, Ky., was admitted to the bar in 18.58 and 
 began practice at Metamora, Woodford County, 
 
508 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 where he was Master in Chancery, 1861-65, and 
 State's Attorney, 1865-69. In 1864 he was candi- 
 date for Presidential Elector on the Democratic 
 ticket. In 1869 he returned to Bloomington, 
 where he has since resided. In 1874, and again 
 in 1876, he was an unsuccessful candidate of his 
 party for Congress, but was elected as a Green- 
 back Democrat in 1878, though defeated in 1880 
 and 1882. In 1877 he was appointed by President 
 Hayes a member of the Board of Visitors to 
 West Point. During the first administration of 
 President Cleveland (1885-89) he was First Assist- 
 ant Postmaster General; was a member of the 
 National Democratic Conventions of 1884 and 
 1893, being Chairman of the Illinois delegation 
 the latter year. In 1892 he received his party's 
 nomination for the Vice-Presidency, and was 
 elected to that office, serving until 1897. Since 
 retiring from office he has resumed his residence 
 at Bloomington. 
 
 STEWARD, Lewis, manufacturer and former 
 Congressman, was born in Wayne County, Pa., 
 Nov. 20, 1824, and received a common school 
 education. At the age of 14 he accomj^anied his 
 parents to Kendall County, 111., where he after- 
 wards resided, being engaged in farming and the 
 manufacture of agricultural implements at 
 Piano. He studied law but never practiced. In 
 1876 he was an unsuccessful candidate for Gov- 
 ernor on the Democratic ticket, being defeated 
 by Slielby M. CuUom. In 1890 the Democrats of 
 the Eighth Illinois District elected him to Con- 
 gress. In 1892 he was again a candidate, but was 
 defeated by his Republican opponent, Robert A. 
 Childs, by the narrow margin of 27 votes, and. 
 In 1894, was again defeated, this time being pitted 
 against Albert J. Hopkins. Mr. Steward died at 
 his home at Piano, August 26, 1896. 
 
 STEWARDSON, a town of Shelby County, at 
 the intersection of the Toledo, St. Louis & Kan- 
 sjis City Railway with the Altamont branc;li of 
 tlie Wabasli, 12 miles southeast of Slielby ville; 
 is in a grain and lumber region; has a bank and 
 a weekly i)aj)er. Population, (1900), 677. 
 
 STICKXEY, William H., pioneer lawyer, was 
 born in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 9, 1809, .studied law 
 and was admitted to tlie bar at Cintiinnati in 
 18.'51, and, in Illinois in 1834, being iit tliat time a 
 resident of Sliawrnietown ; was electcid State's 
 Attorncjy by tlie Legislature, in 1839, for tlie (;ir- 
 ruit embracing some; fourteen counti(!s in the 
 ffMithern and Bouthea.stern part of tlie State ; for 
 a time also, alnjut 183r»-36, officiated as editor of 
 "The Gallatin Democrat," and "The Illinois 
 AdvertiHcr," published at Shawneetown. In 1810 
 
 Mr. Stickney was elected to the lower branch of 
 the General Assembly from Gallatin County, and, 
 twenty-eight years later — having come to Chi- 
 cago in 1848^ — to the same body from Cook 
 County, serving in the somewhat famous Twenty- 
 ninth Assembly. He also held the office of 
 Police Justice for some thirteen years, from 1860 
 onward. He lived to an advanced age, dying in 
 Chicago, Feb. 14, 1898, being at the time the 
 oldest surviving member of the Chicago bar. 
 
 STILES, Isaac Newton, lawyer and soldier, 
 born at Suffield, Conn., July 16, 1833; was ad- 
 mitted to the bar at Lafayette, Ind., in 1855, 
 became Prosecuting Attorney, a member of the 
 Legislature and an effective speaker in the Fre- 
 mont campaign of 1856 ; enlisted as a private sol- 
 dier at the beginning of the war, went to the 
 field as Adjutant, was captured at Malvern Hill, 
 and, after six weeks' confinement in Libby 
 prison, exchanged" and returned to duty; was 
 promoted Major, Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, 
 and brevetted Brigadier-General for meritorious 
 service. After the war he practiced his profes- 
 sion in Chicago, though almost totally blind. 
 Died, Jan. 18, 1895. 
 
 STILLMAN, Stephen, first State Senator from 
 Sangamon County, 111. , was a native of Massachu- 
 setts who came, with his widowed mother, to 
 Sangamon County in 1820, and settled near 
 Williamsville, where he became the first Post- 
 master in the first postoffice in the State north of 
 the Sangamon River. In 1822, Mr. Stillman was 
 elected as the first State Senator from Sangamon 
 County, serving four years, and, at his first session, 
 being one of the opponents of the pro-slavery 
 Convention resolution. He died, in Peoria, some- 
 where between 1835 and 1840. 
 
 STILLMAN VALLEY, village in Ogle County, 
 on Chicago Great Western and the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul Railways; site of first battle 
 Black Hawk War; lias graded schools, four 
 churcilies, a bank and a newspaper. Pop., 475. 
 
 STITES, Samuel, pioneer, was born near 
 Mount Bethel, Somerset County, N. J., Oct. 31, 
 1776; died, August 16, 1839, on his farm, which 
 subsequently became the site of the city of Tren- 
 ton, in Clinton County, 111. He was descended 
 from John Stites, M.D., who was born in Eng- 
 land in 1595, emigrated to America, and died at 
 Ihiiiipstead, L. I., in 1717, at the ago of 122 years. 
 The family removed to New Jersey in the latter 
 ])art of the seventoenth century. Samuel was a 
 cousin of Benjamin Stites, the first white man to 
 settle within the present limits of Cincinnati, and 
 various members of the family were prominent in 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 509 
 
 the settlement of the upper Ohio Valley as early 
 as 1788. Samuel Stites married, Sept. 14, 1794, 
 Martha Martin, daughter of Ephraim Martin, 
 and grand- daughter of Col. Ephraim Martin, both 
 soldiers of the New Jersey line during the Revo- 
 lutionary War — with the last named of whom 
 he had (in connection with John Cleves Symmes) 
 been intimately associated in the purchase and 
 settlement of the Miami Valley. In 1800 he 
 removed to Hamilton County, Ohio, in 1803 to 
 Greene County, and, in 1818, in company with his 
 son-in-law. Anthony Wayne Casad, to St. Clair 
 Count}-, 111., settling near Union Grove. Later, he 
 removed to O'Fallon, and, still later, to Clinton 
 County. He left a large family, several members 
 of which became prominent pioneers in the 
 movements toward Minnesota and Kansas. 
 
 STOLBRAND, Carlos John Mueller, soldier, 
 was born in Sweden, May 11, 1821; at the age of 
 18, enlisted in the Royal Artillery of his native 
 land, serving through the campaign of Schleswig- 
 Holstein (1848) ; came to the United States soon 
 after, and, in 1861, enlisted in the first battalion 
 of Illinois Light Artillery, finally becoming Chief 
 of Artillery under Gen. John A. Logan. When 
 the latter became commander of the Fifteenth 
 Army Corps, Col. Stolbrand was placed at the 
 head of the artillery brigade ; in February, 1865, 
 was made Brigadier-General, and mustered out 
 in January, 1866. After the war he went South, 
 and was Secretary of the South Carolina Consti- 
 tutional Convention of 1868. The same year he 
 was a delegate to the Republican National Con- 
 vention at Chicago, and a Presidential Elector. 
 He was an inventor and patented various im- 
 provements in steam engines and boilers; was 
 also Superintendent of Public Buildings at 
 Charleston, S. C, under President Harrison. 
 Died, at Charleston, Feb. 3, 1894. 
 
 STONE, Daniel, early lawyer and legislator, 
 was a native of Vermont and graduate of Middle- 
 bury College; became a member of the Spring- 
 field (111.) bar in 1833, and, in 1886, was elected 
 to the General Assembly — being one of the cele- 
 brated "Long Nine" from Sangamon County, and 
 joining Abraham Lincoln in his protest against 
 a series of pro-slavery resolutions which had been 
 adopted by the House. In 1837 he was a Circuit 
 Court Judge and, being as.signed to the north- 
 western part of the State, removed to Galena, 
 but was legislated out of office, when he left the 
 State, dying a few years later, in Essex County, 
 N. J. 
 
 STONE, Horatio 0., pioneer, was born in 
 Ontario (now Monroe) County, N. Y., Jan. 2, 
 
 1811 ; in boyhood learned the trade of shoemaker, 
 and later acted as overseer of laborers on the 
 Lackawanna Canal. In 1831, having located in 
 Wayne County, Mich., he was drafted for the 
 Black Hawk War, serving twenty-two days under 
 Gen. Jacob Brown. In January, 1835, he came 
 to Chicago and, having made a fortunate specu- 
 lation in real estate in that early day, a few 
 months later entered upon the grocery and pro- 
 vision trade, wliich he afterwards extended to 
 grain ; finally giving his chief attention to real 
 estate, in which he was remarkably successful, 
 leaving a large fortune at his death, which 
 occurred in Chicago, June 20, 1877. 
 
 STONE, (Rev.) Luther, Baptist clergyman, 
 was born in the town of Oxford, Worcester 
 County, Mass., Sept. 26, 1815, and spent his boy- 
 hood on a farm. After acquiring a common 
 school education, he prepared for college at Lei- 
 cester Academy, and, in 1835, entered Brown 
 University, graduating in the class of 1839. He 
 then spent three years at the Theological Insti- 
 tute at Newton, Mass. ; was ordained to the 
 ministry at Oxford, in 1843, but, coming west the 
 next year, entered upon evangelical work in 
 Rock Island, Davenport, Burlington and neigh- 
 boring towns. Later, he was pastor of the First 
 Baptist Church at Rockford, 111. In 1847 Mr. 
 Stone came to Chicago and established "The 
 Watchman of the Prairies," which survives to- 
 day under the name of "Tlie Standard," and has 
 become the leading Baptist organ in the West. 
 After six years of editorial work, he took up 
 evangelistic work in Chicago, among the poor 
 and criminal classes. During the Civil War he 
 conducted religious services at Camp Douglas, 
 Soldiers' Rest and the Marine Hospital. He was 
 associated in the conduct and promotion of many 
 educational and charitable institutions. He did 
 much for the First Baptist Church of Chicago, 
 and, during the latter years of his life, was 
 attached to the Immanuel Baptist Church, 
 which he labored to establish. Died, in July, 
 1890. 
 
 STONE, Melville E., journalist, banker. Man- 
 ager ot Associated Press, born at Hudson, 111., 
 August 18, 1848. Coming to Chicago in 1860, he 
 graduated from the local high school in 1867, 
 and, in 1870, acquired the sole proprietorship of 
 a foundry and machine shop. Finding himself 
 without resources after the great fire of 1871, he 
 embarked in journalism, rising, through the suc- 
 cessive grades of reporter, city editor, assistant 
 editor and Washington correspondent, to the 
 position of editor-in-chief of his own journal. 
 
510 
 
 HISTORICAL EJ^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 He was connected with various Chicago daihes 
 between 1871 and 1875, and, on Christmas Day 
 of the latter year, issued the first number of "The 
 Chicago Daily News." He gradually disposed of 
 his interest in this journal, entirely severing 
 his connection therewith in 1888. Since that 
 date he has been engaged in banking in the city 
 of Chicago, and is also General Manager of the 
 Associated Press. 
 
 STONE, Samuel, philanthropist, was born at 
 Chesterfield, Mass., Dec. 6, 1798; left an orphan 
 at seven years of age, after a short term in Lei- 
 cester Academy, and several years in a wholesale 
 store in Boston, at the age of 19 removed to 
 Rochester, N. Y., to take charge of interests in 
 the "Holland Purchase," belonging to his father's 
 estate ; in 1843-49, was a resident of 'Detroit and 
 interested in some of the earlj' railroad enter- 
 prises centering there, but the latter year re- 
 moved to Milwaukee, being there associated with 
 Ezra Cornell in telegraph construction. In 1859 
 he became a citizen of Chicago, where he was 
 one of the founders of the Chicago Historical 
 Society, and a liberal patron of many enterprises 
 of a public and benevolent character. Died, May 
 4, 1876. 
 
 STO'E FORT, a village in the counties of 
 Saline and Wil liamson. It is situated on the Cairo 
 Division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & 
 St. Louis Railway, 57 miles northeast of Cairo. 
 Population (1900), 479. 
 
 STOREY, AVilbur F., journalist and news- 
 paper publisher, was born at Salisbury, Vt., Dec. 
 19, 1819. He began to learn the printer's trade 
 at 12, and, before he was 19, was part owner of a 
 Democratic paper called "The Herald," published 
 at La Porte, Ind. Later, he either edited or con- 
 trolled journals published at Mishawaka, Ind., 
 and Jackson and Detroit, Mich. In January, 
 1861, he became the principal owner of "The 
 Cliicago Times," then the leading Democratic 
 organ of Chicago. His jjajier soon came to be 
 regarded as the organ of the anti-war party 
 throughout the Nortiiwest, and, in June, 1863, 
 was sui)pressed by a military order issued by 
 General Burnside, which was subsequently 
 revoked by President Lincoln. The net result 
 was an increase in "The Times' " notoriety and 
 circulation. Other (;harg(;s, of an eipially grave 
 nature, relating to its sources of income, its char- 
 a<:tera.sa family newspajier, etc., were n'jieatedly 
 ma<le. but to all tliese Mr. Storey turncrd a deaf 
 ear. He lost lieavily in the (ire of 1H71, but, in 
 1872, ap[>eared as the eilitor of "The Tim<!S, " 
 then deHtitute of iK^Iitical ties. About 1H70 Ids 
 
 health began to decline. Medical aid failed to 
 afford relief, and, in August, 1884, he was ad- 
 judged to be of unsound mind, and his estate was 
 placed in the hands of a conservator. On the 
 27th of the following October (1884), he died at 
 his home in Chicago. 
 
 STORRS, Emery Alexander, lawyer, was born 
 at Hinsdale, Cattaraugus County, N. Y., August 
 12, 1835 ; began the study of law with his father, 
 later pursued a legal course at Buffalo, and, in 
 1853, was admitted to the bar; spent two years 
 (1857-59) in New York City, the latter year 're- 
 moving to Chicago, where he attained great 
 prominence as an advocate at the bar, as well as 
 an orator on other occasions. Politically a 
 Republican, he took an active part in Presidential 
 campaigns, being a delegate-at-large from Illinois 
 to the National Republican Conventions of 1868, 
 '72, and '80, and serving as one of the Vice-Presi- 
 dents in 1872. Erratic in habits and a master of 
 epigram and repartee, many of his speeches are 
 quoted with relish and appreciation by those who 
 were his contemporaries at the Chicago bar. 
 Died suddenly, while in attendance on the Su- 
 preme Court at Ottawa, Sej^t. 12, 1885. 
 
 STRAWN, Jacob, agriculturist and stock- 
 dealer, born in Somerset County, Pa., May 30, 
 1800 ; removed to Licking County, Ohio, in 1817, 
 and to Illinois, in 1831, settling four miles south- 
 west of Jacksonville. He was one of the first to 
 demonstrate the possibilities of Illinois as a live- 
 stock state. Unpretentious and despising mere 
 show, he illustrated the virtues of industry, fru- 
 gality and honesty. At his death — which occurred 
 August 23, 1865 — he left an estate estimated in 
 value at about $1,000,000, acquired by industry 
 and business enterprise. He was a zealous 
 Unionist during the war, at one time contributing 
 §10,000 to the Christian Commission. 
 
 STREATOR, a city (laid out in 1868 and incor- 
 porated in 1882) in the southern part of La Salle 
 County, 93 miles southwest of Cliicago ; situated 
 on the Vermilion River and a central jwint for 
 five railroads. It is surrounded by a rich agri- 
 cultural country, and is underlaid by coal seams 
 (two of which are worked) and bj' shale and 
 various clay ])roducts of value, adapted to the 
 manufacture of fire and building-brick, drain- 
 l)ipe, etc. The (;ity is thoroughlj' modern, having 
 gas, electric lighting, stret^t railways, water- 
 works, a good (ire-d(4)ai(ni(Mit, and a large, im- 
 proved public! park. Churclms and schools are 
 nunuM'ous, as are also fine public and |)rivate 
 buildings. Oiu^ of the (ihiof industries is the 
 manufacture of glass, inciluding rolled-plate, 
 
HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 511 
 
 window-glass, flint and Bohemian ware and glass 
 bottles. Other successful industries are foundries 
 and machine shops, flour mills, and clay working 
 establisliments. There are several banks, and 
 three daily and weekly papers are i:)ublished here. 
 The estimated property valuation, in 1884, was 
 §13,000,000.- Streator boasts some handsome 
 public buildings, especially the Government post- 
 office and the Carnegie public library building, 
 both of which have been erected within the past 
 few years. Pop. (1890), 11,414; (1900), 14,079. 
 
 STREET, Joseph M., pioneer and early politi- 
 cian, settled at Shawneetown about 1812, coming 
 from Kentucky, though believed to have been a 
 native of Eastern Virginia. In 1827 he was a 
 Brigadier-General of militia, and appears to have 
 been prominent in the affairs of that section of 
 the State. His correspondence with Governor 
 Edwards, about this time, shows him to have been 
 a man of far more than ordinary education, with 
 a good opinion of his merits and capabilities. He 
 was a most persistent applicant for office, making 
 urgent appeals to Governor Edwards, Henry Clay 
 and other politicians in Kentucky, Virginia and 
 Washington, on the ground of his poverty and 
 large family. In 1827 he received the offer of 
 the clerkship of the new county of Peoria, but, 
 on visiting that region, was disgusted with the 
 prospect; returning to Shawneetown, bought a 
 farm in Sangamon County, but, before the close 
 of the year, was appointed Indian Agent at 
 Prairie du Chien. This was during the difficul- 
 ties with the Winnebago Indians, upon which he 
 made voluminous reports to the Secretary of 
 War. Mr. Street was a son-in-law of Gen. 
 Thomas Posey, a Revolutionary soldier, who was 
 prominent in the early history of Indiana and its 
 last Territorial Governor. (See Posey, (Gen.) 
 Thomas. ) 
 
 STREETER, Alson J., farmer and politician, 
 was born in Rensselaer County, N. Y., in 1823; 
 at the age of two years accompanied his father to 
 Illinois, the family settling at Dixon, Lee County, 
 He attended Knox College for three years, and, 
 in 1849, went to California, where he spent two 
 years in gold mining. Returning to Illinois, he 
 purchased a farm of 240 acres near New Windsor, 
 Mercer County, to which he has since added sev- 
 eral thousand acres. In 1872 he was elected to 
 the lower house of the Twenty-eighth General 
 Assembly as a Democrat, but, in 1873, allied him- 
 self with the Greenback party, whose candidate 
 for Congress he was in 1878, and for Governor in 
 1880, when he received nearly 3,000 votes more 
 than his party's Presidential nominee, in Illinois. 
 
 In 1884 he was elected State Senator by a coali- 
 tion of Greenbackers and Democrats in the 
 Twenty-fourth Senatorial District, but acted as 
 an independent throughout his entire term. 
 
 STRONG, William Emerson, soldier, was born 
 at Granville, N. Y., in 1840; from 18 years of age, 
 spent his early life in Wisconsin, studied law and 
 was admitted to the bar at Racine in 1861. The 
 same year he enlisted under the first call for 
 troops, took part, as Captain of a Wisconsin Com- 
 pany, in the first battle of Bull Run; was 
 afterwards promoted and assigned to duty as- 
 Inspector-General in the West, participated in 
 the Vicksburg and Atlanta campaigns, being 
 finally advanced to the rank of Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral. After some fifteen months spent in the 
 position of Inspector-General of the Freedmen's 
 Bureau (1865-66), he located in Chicago, and 
 became connected with several important busi- 
 ness enterprises, besides assisting, as an officer on 
 the staff of Governor Cullom, in the organization 
 of the Illinois National Guard. He was elected 
 on the first Board of Directors of the World's 
 Columbian Exposition, and, while making a tour 
 of Europe in the interest of that enterpri.se, died, 
 at Florence, Italy, April 10, 1891. 
 
 STUART, John Todd, lawyer and Congress- 
 man, born near Lexington, Ky., Nov. 10, 1807 — 
 the son of Robert Stuart, a Presbyterian minister 
 and Professor of Languages in Transylvania 
 University, and related, on the maternal side, to 
 the Todd family, of whom Mrs. Abraham Lincoln 
 was a member. He graduated at Centre College, 
 Danville, in 1826, and, after studying law, re- 
 moved to Springfield, 111., in 1828, and began 
 practice. In 1832 he was elected Representative 
 in the General Assembly, re-elected in 1834, and, 
 in 1836, defeated, as the Whig candidate for Con- 
 gress, by Wm. L. May, though elected, two years 
 later, over Stephen A. Douglas, and again in 1840. 
 In 1837, Abraham Lincoln, who had been 
 studying law under Mr. Stuart's advice and 
 instruction, became his partner, the relation- 
 ship continuing until 1841. He served in the 
 State Senate, 1849-53, was the Bell-Everett 
 candidate for Governor in 1860, and was 
 elected to Congress, as a Democrat, for a third 
 time, in 1802, but, in 1864, was defeated by 
 Shelby M. Cullom, his former pupil. During the 
 latter years of his life, Mr. Stuart was head of the 
 law firm of Stuart, Edwards & Brown. Died, at 
 Springfield, Nov. 28, 1885. 
 
 STURGES, Solomon, merchant and banker, 
 was born at Fairfield, Conn., April 21, 1796, early 
 manifested a passion for the sea and, in 1810, 
 
512 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 made a voyage, on a vessel of which his brother 
 •was captain, from New York to Georgetown, 
 D. C, intending to continue it to Lisbon. At 
 Georgetown he was induced to accept a position 
 as clerk with a Mr. Williams, where he was 
 associated with two other youths, as fellow-em- 
 ployes, who beca,me eminent bankers and 
 capitalists — W. W. Corcoran, afterwards the 
 well-known banker of Washington, and George 
 W. Peabody, who had a successful banking career 
 in England, and won a name as one of the most 
 liberal and public-spirited of philanthropists. 
 During the War of 1812 young Sturges joined a 
 volunteer infantry companj-, where he had, for 
 comrades, George W. Peabody and Francis S. Key, 
 the latter author of the popular national song, 
 "The Star Spangled Banner." In 1814 Mr. 
 Sturges accepted a clerkship in the store of his 
 brother-in-law, Ebenezer Buckingham, at Put- 
 nam, Muskingum County, Ohio, two years later 
 becoming a partner in the concern, where he 
 developed that business caijacity which laid the 
 foundation for his future wealth. Before steam- 
 ers navigated the waters of the Ohio and Missis- 
 sippi Rivers, he piloted flat-boats, loaded with 
 produce and merchandise, to New Orleans, return- 
 ing overland. During one of his visits to that 
 city, he witnessed the arrival of the "Washing- 
 ton," the first steamer to descend the Mississippi, 
 as, in 1817, he .saw the arrival of tlie "Walk-in- 
 the- Water" at Detroit, the first steamer to arrive 
 from Buffalo — the occasion of his visit to Detroit 
 being to carry funds to General Cass to pay off 
 the United States troops. About 1849 lie was 
 associated with the construction of the Wabash 
 & Erie Canal, from the Ohio River to Terre Haute, 
 Ind., advancing money for the prosecution of the 
 work, for which was reimbursed by the State. In 
 1854 he came to Cliicago, and, in partnersliip 
 with his brothers-in-law, C. P. and Alvah Buck- 
 ingham, erected tlie first large grain-elevator in 
 that city, on land leased from the Illinois Central 
 Railroad Company, following it, two years later, 
 by another of equal capacity. For a time, sub- 
 Ktantially all the grain coming into Chicago, by 
 railroad, pas.sed into these elevators. In 1857 he 
 established the private banking house of Solomon 
 Sturges & Sons, whicli, shortly after liis deatli, 
 under the management of his son, George Stur- 
 g(!S, hefame the Norttiw(!stern National Hank of 
 <'l)icago. He was inten.sely patriotic and, on the 
 breaking out of the War of the Relxdlion, used 
 of hi.s means freely in support of tlie fJovern- 
 ment, e<iuipping the Si irgeH Rifles, an indejiend- 
 ont wnipany, at a cost <>t 520,000. He was also a 
 
 subscriber to the first loan made by the Govern- 
 ment, during this period, taking $100,000 in 
 Government bomls. While devoted to his busi- 
 ness, he was a hater of shams and corruption, and 
 contributed freely to Christian and benevolent 
 enterprises. Died, at the home of a daughter, at 
 Zanesville, Ohio, Oct. 14, 1864, leaving a large 
 fortune acquired by legitimate trade. 
 
 STURTEYANT/juUan Munson, D.D., LL.D., 
 clergyman and educator, was born at Warren, 
 Litchfield County, Conn., July 26, 1805; spent liis 
 youth in Summit County, Ohio, meanwhile pre- 
 paring for college ; in 1822, entered Yale College 
 as the classmate of the celebrated Elizur Wright, 
 graduating in 1826. After two years as Princi- 
 pal of an academy at Canaan, Conn., he entered 
 Yale Divinity School, graduating there in 1829; 
 then came west, and, after spending a year in 
 superintending the erection of buildings, in De- 
 cember, 1830, as sole tutor, began in.struction to » 
 class of nine pupils in what is now Illinois Col- 
 lege, at Jacksonville. Having been joined, the 
 following year, by Dr. Edward Beecher as Presi- 
 dent, Mr. Sturtevant assumed the chair of Mathe- 
 matics, Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, 
 which he retained until 1844, when, by the 
 retirement of Dr. Beecher, he succeeded to the 
 offices of President and Professor of Intellectual 
 and Moral Philosophy. Here he labored, inces- 
 santly and unselfishly, as a teacher during term 
 time, and, as financial agent during vacations, 
 in the interest of the institution of which he had 
 been one of the chief founders, serving until 1876, 
 when he resigned the Presidency, giving his 
 attention, for the next ten years, to the duties of 
 Professor of Mental Science and Science of Gov- 
 ernment, which he had discharged from 1870. 
 In 1886 he retired from the institution entirely, 
 having given to its service fifty -six years of his 
 life. In 1863, Dr. Sturtevant visited Europe in 
 the interest of the Union cause, delivering effec- 
 tive addres.ses at a number of points in England. 
 He was a frequent contributor to the weekly 
 religious and periodical press, and was the author 
 of "Economics, or the Science of Wealth" (1876) 
 — a text-book on political economy, and, "Keys 
 of Sect, or the Church of the New Testament" 
 (1879), besides frecjuently occupying the ])ulpits 
 of local and distant (^hurclies — liaving been early 
 ordained a (Jongregational minister. He received 
 the degree of D.D. from the University of Mis- 
 souri and that of LL.D. from Iowa University. 
 Died, in Jacksonville, Feb. 11, 1886.— Julian lil. 
 (Sturtevant), Jr., son of the ])receding, was born 
 at Jack.sonvillo, 111.. Feb. 2, 1834; fitted for col- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 513 
 
 lege in the preparatory department of Illinois 
 College and graduated from the college (proper) 
 in 1854. After leaving college he served as 
 teacher in the Jacksonville public schools one 
 year, then spent a year as tutor in Illinois Col- 
 lege, when he began the study of theology at 
 Andover Theological Seminary, graduating there 
 in 1859, meanwhile having discharged the duties 
 of Chaplain of the Connecticut State's prison in 
 1858. He was ordained a minister of the Con- 
 gregational Church at Hannibal, Mo., in 1860, 
 remaining as pastor in that citj' nine years. He 
 has since been engaged in pastoral work in New 
 York City (1869-70), Ottawa, 111., (1870-73); Den- 
 ver, Colo., (1873-77); Grinnell, Iowa, (1877-84); 
 Cleveland, Ohio, (1884-90); Galesburg, lU., 
 (1890-93), and Aurora, (1893-97). Since leaving 
 the Congregational church at Aurora, Dr. Sturte- 
 vant has been engaged in pastoral work in Chi- 
 cago. He was also editor of "The Congrega- 
 tionalism' of Iowa (1881-84), and, at different 
 periods, has served as Trustee of Colorado, 
 Marietta and Knox Colleges; being still an 
 honored member of the Knox College Board. 
 He received the degree of D.D. from Illinois 
 College, in 1879. 
 
 SUBLETTE, a station and village on the Illi- 
 nois Central Railroad, in Lee County, 8 miles 
 northwest of Mendota. Population, (1900), 306. 
 
 SUFFRAGE, in general, the right or privilege 
 of voting. The qualifications of electors (or 
 voters) , in the choice of public officers in Illinois, 
 are fixed by the State Constitution (Art. VII.), 
 except as to school officers, which are prescribed 
 by law. Under the State Constitution the exer- 
 cise of the right to vote is limited to persons who 
 were electors at the time of the adoption of the 
 Constitution of 1848, or who are native or natu- 
 ralized male citizens of the United States, of the 
 age of 21 years or over, who have been residents 
 of the State one year, of the count}- ninety days, 
 and of the district (or precinct) in which they 
 offer to vote, 30 days. Under an act passed in 
 1891, women, of 21 j^ears of age and upwards, are 
 entitled to vote for school officers, and are also 
 eligible to such offices under the same conditions, 
 as to age and residence, as male citizens. (See 
 JElections; Australian Ballot.) 
 
 SULLIVAN, a city and county-seat of Moultrie 
 County. 25 miles southeast of Decatur and 14 
 miles northwest of Mattoon ; is on three lines of 
 railway. It is in an agricultural and stock-rais- 
 ing region; contains two State banks and four 
 weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 1,305; 
 •{1890), 1,468; (1900), 2,399; (1900, est.), 3,100. 
 
 SULLIVAN, William K., journalist, was born 
 at Waterford, Ireland, Nov. 10, 1843 ; educated at 
 the Waterford Model School and in Dublin; came 
 to the United States in 1863, and, after teaching 
 for a time in Kane Coimty, in 1864 enlisted in the 
 One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment Illinois 
 Volunteers. Then, after a brief season spent in 
 teaching and on a visit to his native land, he 
 began work as a reporter on New York papers, 
 later being employed on "The Chicago Tribune" 
 and "The Evening Journal," on the latter, at 
 different times, holding the position of city edi- 
 tor, managing editor and correspondent. He 
 was also a Representative from Cook County in 
 the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, for three 
 years a member of the Chicago Board of Edu- 
 cation, and appointed United States Consul to the 
 Bermudas by President Harrison, resigning in 
 1892. Died, in Chicago, January 17, 1899. 
 
 SULLIVAXT, Michael Lucas, agriculturist, 
 was born at Franklinton (a suburb of Columbus, 
 Ohio), Augiist 6, 1807; was educated at Ohio 
 University and Centre College, Ky., and — after 
 being engaged in the improvement of an immense 
 tract of land inherited from his father near his 
 birth-place, devoting much attention, meanwhile, 
 to the raising of improved stock — in 1854 sold his 
 Ohio lands and bought 80,000 acres, chiefly in 
 Champaign and Piatt Counties, 111 , where he 
 began farming on a larger scale than before. The 
 enterprise proved a financial failure, and he was 
 finally compelled to sell a considerable portion of 
 his estate in Champaign County, known as Broad 
 Lands, to John T. Alexander (see Alexander, 
 John T.), retiring to a farm of 40,000 acres at 
 Burr Oaks, 111. He died, at Henderson, Ky., Jan. 
 29, 1879. 
 
 SUMMERFIELD, a village of St. Clair County, 
 on the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway, 
 27 miles east of St Louis ; was the home of Gen. 
 Fred. Hecker. Population (1900), 360. 
 
 SUMNER, a citj' of Lawrence County, on the 
 Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 19 miles 
 west of Vincennes, Ind. ; has a fine scliool house, 
 four churches, two banks, two flour mills, tele- 
 phones, and one weekly newspaper. Pop. (1890), 
 1,037; (1900), 1,268. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUC- 
 TION. The oflfice of State Superintendent of 
 Public In.struction was created bj^ act of the 
 Legislature, at a special session held in 1854, its 
 duties previous to that time, from 1845, having 
 been discharged by the Secretary of State as 
 Superintendent, ex-officio. The following is a list 
 of the incumbents from the date of the formal 
 
514 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 creation of the oflSce down to the present time 
 (1899), with the date and duration of the term of 
 each Ninian "W. Edwards (by appointment of 
 the Governor), 1854-57; William H. Powell (by 
 election), 1857-59; Newton Bateman, 1859-63; 
 John P. Brooks, 1863-G5; Newton Bateman, 
 1865-75; Samuel W. Etter, 1875-79; James P. 
 Slade, 1879-83; Henry Raab, 1883-87; Richard 
 Edwards, 1887-91; Henry Raab, 1891-95; Samuel 
 M. Inglis, 1895-98; James H. Freeman, June, 
 1898, to January, 1899 (by appointment of the 
 Governor, to fill the unexpired term of Prof. 
 Inglis, who died in office, June 1, 1898) ; Alfred 
 Baylis, 1899—. 
 
 Previous to 1870 the tenure of the office was 
 two years, but, by the Constitution adopted that 
 year, it was extended to four years, the elections 
 occurring on the even years between those for 
 Governor and other State officers except State 
 Treasurer. 
 
 SUPREME COURT, JUDGES OF THE. The 
 following is a list of Justices of the Supreme 
 Court of Illinois who have held office since the 
 organization of the State Government, with the 
 period of their respective incumbencies : Joseph 
 Phillips. 1818-22 (resigned); Thomas C. Browne, 
 1818 48 (term expired on adoption of new Con- 
 stitution) ; William P. Foster, Oct. 9, 1818, to 
 July 7, 1819 (resigned), John Reynolds, 1818-25; 
 Thomas Reynolds (vice Phillips), 1822-25; Wil- 
 liam Wilson (vice Foster) 1819-48 (term expired 
 on adoption of new Constitution) ; Samuel D 
 Lockwood, 1825-48 (term expired on adoption of 
 new Constitution) ; Theophilus W. Smith, 1825-42 
 (resigned); Thomas Ford, Feb. 15, 1841, to Au- 
 gust 1, 1842 (resigned) ; Sidney Breese, Feb. 15, 
 1841, to Dec. 19, 1842 (resigned) — also (by re-elec- 
 tions), 1857-78 (died in office) ; Walter B. Scates, 
 1841-47 (resigned)— also (vice Trumbull), 1854-57 
 (resigned); Samuel H. Treat, 1841-55 (resigned); 
 Stei)hen A. Douglas, 1841-42 (resigned); John D. 
 Caton (vice Ford) August, 1842, to March, 1843— 
 also (vice Robinson and by successive re-elec- 
 tion.s). May, 1843 to Januarj', 1864 (resigned) ; 
 James Semple (vice Bree.se), Jan. 14, 1843, to 
 April 16, 1843 (resigned) ; Richard M. Young (vice 
 Smitli), 1843-47 (resigned) ; John M. Robinson 
 (vice Ford), Jan. 14, 1843. to April 27, 1843 (died 
 in office); Jesse B. Thomas, Jr., (vice Douglas), 
 1843-45 (resigned)— also (vice Young), 1847-48; 
 James Shields (vic;e Semjjle), 1843-45 (n^signed) ; 
 Norman H. Purph; (vice Tliomas), 1HI3-48 (nitired 
 under (/'onstitution of 1848); fJustavus Koerner 
 (\'\<-Ai Sliield.s), 1845-48 (retirc«I by Constitution); 
 "William A. Denning (vice Scates), 1847-48 (re- 
 
 tired by Constitution) ; Lyman Trumbull, 1848-53 
 (resigned); Ozias C. Skinner (vice Treat), 1855-58 
 (resigned); Pinkney II. Walker (vice Skinner), 
 1858 -85 (deceased); Cory don Beckwith (by ap- 
 pointment, vice Caton), Jan. 7, 1864, to June 6, 
 1864; Charles B. Lawrence (one term), 1864-73; 
 Anthony Thornton, 1870-73 (resigned); John M. 
 Scott (two terms), 1870-88; Benjamin R. Sheldon 
 (two terms), 1870-88; William K. McAllister, 
 1870-75 (resigned) ; John Scholfield (vice Thorn- 
 ton), 1873 93 (died); T. Lyle Dickey (vice 
 McAllister), 1875-85 (died); David J. Baker (ap- 
 pointed, vice Breese), July 9, 1878, to June 2, 
 1879— also, 1888-97; John H. Mulkey, 1879-88; 
 Damon G. Tunnicliffe (appointed, vice Walker), 
 Feb. 15, 1885, to June 1, 1885; Simeon P. Shope, 
 1885-94; Joseph M. Bailey, 1888-95 (died in office). 
 The Supreme Court, as at present constituted 
 (1899), is as follows: Carroll C. Boggs, elected, 
 1897; Jesse J. Phillips (vice Scholfield, deceased) 
 elected, 1893, and re-elected, 1897; Jacob W. Wil- 
 kin, elected, 1888, and re-elected, 1897; Joseph 
 N. Carter, elected, 1894; Alfred M. Craig, elec- 
 ted, 1873, and re-elected, 1882 and '91 ; James H. 
 Cartwright (vice Bailey), elected, 1895, and re- 
 elected, 1897 ; Benjamin D. Magruder (vice 
 Dickey), elected, 1885, '88 and "97. The terms of 
 Justices Boggs, Phillips, Wilkin, Cartwright and 
 Magruder expire in 1906; that of Justice Carter 
 on 1903 ; and Justice Craig's, in 1900. Under the 
 Constitution of 1818, the Justices of the Supreme 
 Court were chosen by joint ballot of the Legisla- 
 ture, but, under the Constitutions of 1848 and 
 1870, by popular vote for terms of nine years 
 each. (See Judicial System; also sketches of 
 individual members of the Supreme Coirrt under 
 their proper names.) 
 
 SURVEYS, EARLY GOVERNMENT. The first 
 United States law passed on the subject of Gov- 
 ernment surveys was dated. May 20, 1785. After 
 reserving certain lands to be allotted by way of 
 pensions and to be donated for school purposes, 
 it provided for the division of the remaining pub- 
 lic lands among the oi'iginal thirteen States. 
 This, however, was, in effect, repealed by the Ordi- 
 nance of 1788. The latter provided for a I'ectan- 
 gular system of surveys which, with but little 
 modification, has remained in force ever since. 
 Briefly outlined, the system is as follows: Town- 
 sliijjs, six miles square, are laid ort from i)rincipal 
 b.ases, eacsh townsliip containing tliirtj'-si.x sec- 
 tions of one scpiaro mile, numbered consecutively, 
 the numeration to commen(!e at the ujjper riglit 
 hand corner of the townsliip. Tlie first principal 
 meridian (84 51' west of Greenwich), coincided 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 515 
 
 with the line dividing Indiana and Ohio. The 
 second (1° 37' farther west) had direct relation 
 to surveys in Eastern Illinois. The third (89° 10' 
 30" west of Greenwich) and the fourth (90° 29' 
 56" west) governed the remainder of Illinois sur- 
 veys. The first Public Surveyor was Thomas 
 Hutchins, who was called "the geographer." 
 (See Hutchins, Thomas.) 
 
 SWEET, (Gen.) Benjamin J., soldier, was 
 born at Kirkland, Oneida County, N. Y., April 
 24, 1832; came with his father, in 1848, to Sheboy- 
 gan, Wis., studied law, was elected to the State 
 Senate in 1859, and, in 1861, enlisted in the Sixth 
 Wisconsin Volunteers, being commissioned Major 
 in 1862. Later, he resigned and, returning home, 
 assisted in the organization of the Twenty-first 
 and Twenty-second regiments, being elected 
 Colonel of the former ; and with it taking part in 
 the campaign in Western Kentucky and Tennes- 
 see. In 1863 he was assigned to command at 
 Camp Douglas, and was there on the exposure, 
 in November, 1864, of the conspiracy to release 
 the rebel prisoners. (See Camp Douglas Conspir- 
 acy.) The service which he rendered in the 
 defeat of this bold and dangerous conspiracy 
 evinced his courage and sagacity, and was of 
 inestimable value to the country. After the 
 war, General Sweet located at Lombard, near 
 Chicago, was appointed Pension Agent at Chi- 
 cago, afterwards served as Supervisor of Internal 
 Revenue, and, in 1872, became Deputy Commis- 
 sioner of Internal Revenue at Washington. Died, 
 in Washington, Jan. 1, 1874. — Miss Ada C. 
 (Sweet), for eight years (1874-82) the efficient 
 Pension Agent at Chicago, is General Sweet's 
 daughter. 
 
 SWEETSER, A. C, soldier and Department 
 Commander G. A. R. , was born in Oxford County, 
 Maine, in 1839; came to Bloomington, 111., in 
 1857 ; enlisted at the beginning of the Civil War 
 in the Eighth Illinois Volunteers and, later, in the 
 Thirty-ninth; at the battle of Wierbottom 
 Church, Va., in June, 1864, was shot through 
 both legs, necessitating the amputation of one of 
 them. After the war he held several oflices of 
 trust, including those of City Collector of Bloom- 
 inj^on and Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue 
 for the Springfield District ; in 1887 was elected 
 Department Commander of the Grand Army of 
 the Republic for Illinois. Died, at Bloomington, 
 March 23, 1896. 
 
 SWETT, Leonard, lawyer, was born near 
 Turner, Maine, August 11, 1825 ; was educated at 
 Waterville College (now Colby University), but 
 left before graduation ; read law in Portland, and, 
 
 while seeking a location in the West, enlisted in 
 an Indiana regiment for the Mexican War, being 
 attacked by climatic fever, was discharged before 
 completing his term of enlistment. He soon 
 after came to Bloomington, 111., where he became 
 the intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln and 
 David Davis, traveling the circuit with them for 
 a number of years. He early became active in 
 State politics, was a member of the Republican 
 State Convention of 1856, was elected to the 
 lower house of the General Assembly in 1858, 
 and, in 1860, was a zealous supporter of Mr. Lin- 
 coln as a Presidential Elector for the State-at- 
 large. In 1862 he received the Republican 
 nomination for Congress in his District, but was 
 defeated. Removing to Chicago in 1865, he 
 gained increased distinction as a lawyer, espe- 
 cially in the management of criminal cases. In 
 1872 he was a supporter of Horace Greeley for 
 President, but later returned to the Republican 
 party, and, in the National Republican Conven- 
 tion of 1888, presented the name of Judge 
 Gresham for nomination for the Presidency. 
 Died, June 8, 1889. 
 
 SWIGERT, Charles Philip, ex- Auditor of Pub- 
 lic Accounts, was born in the Province of Baden, 
 Germany, Nov. 27, 1843, brought by his parents 
 to Chicago, 111., in childhood, and, in his boy- 
 hood, attended the Scammon School in that city. 
 In 1854 his family removed to a farm in Kanka- 
 kee County, where, between the ages of 12 and 
 18, he assisted his father in "breaking" between 
 400 and 500 acres of prairie land. On the break- 
 ing out of the war, in 1861, although scarcely 18 
 years of age, he enlisted as a private in the Forty- 
 second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and, in April, 
 1862, was one of twenty heroic volunteers who 
 ran the blockade, on the gunboat Carondelet, at 
 Island No. 10, assisting materially in the reduc- 
 tion of that rebel stronghold, which resulted in 
 the capture of 7,000 prisoners. At the battle of 
 Farmington, Miss., during the siege of Corinth, 
 in May, 1862, he had his right arm torn from its 
 socket by a six-pound cannon-ball, compelling his 
 retirement from the army. Returning home, 
 after many weeks spent in hospital at Jefferson 
 Barracks and Quincy, 111., he i-eceived his final 
 discharge, Dec. 21, 1862, spent a year in school, 
 also took a course in Bryant & Stratton's Com- 
 mercial College in Chicago, and having learned 
 to write with his left hand, taught for a time in 
 Kankakee County ; served as letter-carrier in Chi- 
 cago, and for a year as Deputy County Clerk of 
 Kankakee County, followed by two terms (1867- 
 69) as a student in the Soldiers' College at Fulton. 
 
516 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 111. The latter year he entered upon the duties 
 of Treasurer of Kankakee County, serving, by 
 successive re-elections, until 1880, when he re- 
 signed to take the position of State Auditor, to 
 which he was elected a second time in 1884. In 
 all these positions Mr. Swigert has j^roved him- 
 seK an upright, capable and high-minded public 
 oflBcial. Of late years his residence has been in 
 Chicago. 
 
 SWING, (Rey.) David, clergyman and pulpit 
 orator, was born of German ancestry, at Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, August 23, 1836. After 1837 (his 
 father dying about this time), the family resided 
 for a time at Reedsburgh, and, later, on a farm 
 near "Williamsburgh, in Clermont County, in the 
 same State. In 1852, having gi-aduated from the 
 Miami (Ohio) University, he commenced the 
 study of theologj^ but, in 1854, accepted the 
 position of Professor of Languages in liis Alma 
 Mater, which he continued to fill for thirteen 
 years. His first pastorate was in connection with 
 the Westminster Presbyterian Church of Chi- 
 cago, which he assumed in 18C6. His church 
 edifice was destroyed in the great Chicago fire, 
 but was later rebuilt. As a preacher he was 
 popular ; but, in April, 1874, he was placed on trial, 
 before an ecclesiastical court of his own denomi- 
 nation, on charges of heresy. He was acquitted 
 by the trial court, but, before the appeal taken by 
 the prosecution could be heard, he personally 
 withdrew from affiliation with the denomination. 
 Shortly afterward he became pastor of an inde- 
 pendent religious organization known as the 
 "Central Church," preaching, first at McVicker's 
 Tlieatre and, afterward, at Central Music Hall, 
 Cliicago. He was a fluent and popular speaker 
 on all themes, a frequent and valued contributor 
 to numerous magazines, as well as the author of 
 several volumes. Among liis best knov^•n books 
 are "Motives of Life,"' "Trutlis for To-day," and 
 "Club i:s.say.s." Died, in Cliicago, Oct. 3, 1894. 
 
 SYCAMORE, tlie county-seat of De Kalb 
 County (founded in 1830), 56 miles west of Chi- 
 cago, at the intersection of the Chicago & North- 
 western and the Chicago Great "Western Rail- 
 roads; lies in a region devoted to agriculture, 
 dairying and stoc^k-raising. The city itself con- 
 tain.s .several factories, tlie j)rincipal products 
 l>eing agricultural implements, flour, insulated 
 wire, brir;k, tile, varnish, furniture, soa]) and 
 carri.'iges and wagons. There are also works for 
 canning vegetables and fruit, besidtis two creanKir- 
 ie«. The town is lighteil by ele(;tricity, and has 
 high-jiresHure water-works. Tliero are eleven 
 churches, three graded public schoola and a 
 
 young ladies' seminary. Population (1880), 
 3,028; (1890), 2,987; (1900), 3,653. 
 
 TAFT, Lorado, sculptor, was born at Elmwood, 
 Peoria County, III, April 29, 1860; at an early 
 age evinced a predilection for sculpture and 
 began modeling; graduated at the University of 
 Illinois in 1880, then went to Paris and studied 
 sculpture in the famous Ecole des Beaux Arts 
 until 1885. The following year he settled in Chi 
 cago, finally becoming associated with the Chi- 
 cago Art Institute. He has been a lecturer on 
 art in the Chicago University. Mr, Taft fur- 
 nished the decorations of the Horticultural Build- 
 ing on tlie World's Fair Grounds, in 1893. 
 
 TALCOTT, Mancel, business man, was born 
 in Rome, N. Y., Oct. 12, 1817; attended the com- 
 mon schools until 17 years of age, when he set 
 out for the West, traveling on foot from Detroit 
 to Chicago, and thence to Park Ridge, where he 
 worked at farming until 1850. Then, having 
 followed tlie occupation of a miner for some time, 
 in California, with some success, he united with 
 Horace M. Singer in establishing the firm of 
 Singer & Talcott, stone-dealers, which lasted dur- 
 ing most of his life. He served as a member of 
 the Chicago City Council, on the Board of County 
 Commissioners, as a member of the Police Board, 
 and was one of the founders of the First National 
 Bank, and President, for several years, of the 
 Stock Yards National Bank. Liberal and public- 
 spii-ited, he contributed freely to works of 
 charity. Died, June 5, 1878. 
 
 TALCOTT, (Capt.) William, soldier of the 
 War of 1813 and pioneer, was born in Gilead, 
 Conn., March 6, 1774; emigrated to Rome, Oneida 
 County, N. Y., in 1810, and engaged in farming; 
 served as a Lieutenant in the Oneida County 
 militia during the War of 1812-14, being .stationed 
 at Sackett's Harbor under the command of Gen. 
 Winfield Scott. In 1835, in company with his 
 eldest son, Thomas B. Talcott, lie made an ex- 
 tended tour through the West, finally selecting a 
 location in Illinois at the junction of Rocdc River 
 and the Pecatonica, wliere the town of Rockton 
 now stands — there being only two white families, 
 at that time, within the pre.sent limits of Winne- 
 bago County. Two years later (1837), he brought 
 liis family to this point, with his sons took up a 
 considerable body of Government land and 
 eret^ted two mills, to which customers came 
 from a long distance. In 1838 Captain Talcott 
 took part in the organization of tlu! first Congre- 
 gational ChurtOi in tliat section of the Stat(5. A 
 zealous anti-slavery man, ho sujjported James G- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 517 
 
 Birney (the Liberty candidate for President) in 
 1844, continuing to act with that party until the 
 organization of the Republican party in 1856; 
 was deeply interested in the War for the Union, 
 but died before its conclusion, Sept. 2, 1864. — 
 Maj. Thomas B. (Talcott), oldest son of the pre- 
 ceding, was born at Hebron, Conn , April 17, 
 .806 ; was taken to Rome, N. Y. , by his father in 
 nfancy, and, after reaching maturity, engaged 
 in mercantile business with his brother in Che- 
 mung County ; in 1835 accompanied his father in 
 a tour through the West, finally locating at 
 Rockton, where he engaged in agriculture. On 
 the organization of Winnebago County, in 1836, 
 he was elected one of the first County Commis- 
 sioners, and, in 1850, to the State Senate, serving 
 four years. He also held various local offices. 
 Died, Sept. 30, 1894.— Hon. Wait (Talcott), second 
 son of Capt. William Talcott, was born at He- 
 bron, Conn., Oct. 17, 1807, and taken to Rome, 
 N. Y., where he remained until his 19th year, 
 when he engaged in business at Booneville and, 
 still later, in Utica ; in 1838, removed to Illinois 
 and joined his father at Rockton, finally 
 becoming a citizen of Rockford, where, in his 
 later years, he was extensively engaged in manu- 
 facturing, having become, in 1854, with his 
 brother Sylvester, a partner of the firm of J. H. 
 Manny & Co., in the manufacture of the Manny 
 reaper and mower. He was an original anti- 
 slavery man and, at one time, a Free-Soil candidate 
 for Congress, but became a zealous Republican 
 and ardent friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom he 
 employed as an attorney in the famous suit of 
 McCormick vs. the Manny Reaper Company for 
 infringement of patent. In 1854 he was elected 
 to the State Senate, succeeding his brother, 
 Thomas B., and was th« first Collector of Internal 
 Revenue in the Second District, apjiointed by Mr. 
 Lincoln in 1862, and continuing in oiTice some 
 five years. Though too old for active service in 
 the field, during the Civil War, he voluntarily 
 hired a substitute to take his place. Mr. Talcott 
 was one of the original incorporators and Trus- 
 tees of Beloit College, and a founder of Rockford 
 Female Seminary, remaining a trustee of each 
 for many years. Died, June 7, 1890. — SylTester 
 (Talcott), third son of William Talcott, born at 
 Rome, N. Y., Oct. 14, 1810; when of age, engaged 
 in mercantile business in Chemung County; in 
 1837 removed, with other members of the family, 
 to Winnebago County, 111., where he joined his 
 father in the entry of Government lands and the 
 erection of mills, as already detailed. He became 
 one of the first Justices of the Peace in Winne- 
 
 bago County, also served as Supervisor for a 
 number of years and, although a farmer, became 
 interested, in 1854, with his brother Wait, 
 in the Manny Reaper Company at Rockford. 
 He also followed the example of his brother, 
 just named, in furnishing a substitute for the 
 War of the Rebellion, though too old for service 
 himself. Died, June 19, 1885.— Henry Walter 
 (Talcott), fourth son of W'illiam Talcott, was 
 born at Rome, N. Y., Feb. 13, 1814; came with 
 his father to Winnebago County, 111., in 1835, and 
 was connected with his father and brothers in busi- 
 ness. Died, Dec. 9, 1870.— Dwight Lewis (Tal- 
 cott), oldest son of Henry Walter Talcott, born 
 in Winnebago County; at the age of 17 years 
 enlisted at Belvidere, in January, 1864, as a soldier 
 in the Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry ; .served 
 as provost guard some two months at Fort Picker- 
 ing, near Memphis, and later took part in many 
 of the important battles of that year in Missis- 
 sippi and Tennessee. Having been captured at 
 Campbellsville, Tenn., he was taken to Anderson- 
 ville, Ga., where he suffered all the horrors of 
 that famous prison-pen, until March, 1865, when 
 he was released, arriving at home a helpless 
 skeleton, the day after Abraham Lincoln's assas- 
 sination. Mr. Talcott subsequently settled in 
 Muscatine County, Iowa. 
 
 TALLULA, a prosperous village of Menard 
 County, on the Jacksonville branch of the Chi- 
 cago & Alton Railway, 24 miles northeast of 
 Jacksonville; is in the midst of a grain, coal- 
 mining, and stock-growing region; has a local 
 bank and newspaper. Pop. (1890), 445 ; (1900), 639. 
 
 TAMAROA,a village in Perry County, situated 
 at the junction of the Illinois Central with the 
 Wabash, Chester & Western Railroad, 8 miles 
 north of Duquoin, and 57 miles east-southeast of 
 Belleville. It has a bank, a newspaper office, a 
 large public school, five churches and two flour- 
 ing mills. Coal is mined liere and exported in 
 large quantities. Pop. (1900), 853. 
 
 TAMAROA & MOUNT VERNON RAILROAD. 
 (See Wabash, Chester & Western Eailroad.) 
 
 TANNER, Edward Allen, clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born of New England ancestry, at 
 Waverly, 111., Nov. 29, 1837— being the first child 
 who could claim nativity there; was educated 
 in the local schools and at Illinois College, 
 graduating from the latter in 1857; spent four 
 years teaching in his native place and at Jack- 
 sonville; then accepted the Professorship of 
 Latin in Pacific University at Portland, Oregon, 
 remaining four years, when he returned to his 
 Alma Mater (1865), assuming there the chair of 
 
518 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Latin and Rhetoric. In 1881 he was appointed 
 financial agent of the latter institution, and, in 
 1882, its President. While in Oregon he had 
 been ordained a minister of the Congregational 
 Church, and, for a considerable period during 
 his connection with Illinois College, ofBciated as 
 Chaplain of the Central Hospital for the Insane 
 at Jacksonville, besides supplying local and 
 other pulpits. He labored earnestly for the 
 benefit of the institution under his charge, and, 
 dm-ing his incimibency, added materiallj^ to its 
 endowment and resources. Died, at Jackson- 
 ville, Feb. 8, 1892. 
 
 TAXNER, John R., Governor, was born in 
 Warrick Coxmty, Ind., April 4, 1844, and brought 
 to Southern Illinois in boyhood, where he grew 
 up on a farm in the vicinity of Carbondale, 
 enjoying only such educational advantages as 
 were afforded by the common school; in 1863, at 
 the age of 19, enlisted in the Ninety -eighth Illi- 
 nois Volunteers, serving until June, 1865, when 
 he was transferred to the Sixty-first, and finally 
 mustered out in September following. All the 
 male members of Governor Tanner's familj' were 
 soldiers of the late war, his father dying in a 
 rebel prison at Columbus, Miss., one of his bro- 
 thers suffering the same fate from wounds at Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., and another brother dying in hospital 
 at Pine Bluff, Ark. Only one of this patriotic 
 family, besides Governor Tanner, still survives — 
 Mr. J. M. Tanner of Clay Countj% who left the 
 service with the rank of Lieutenant of the Thir- 
 teenth Illinois Cavalry. Returning from the 
 war, Mr. Tanner established himself in business 
 as a farmer in Clay County, later engaging suc- 
 cessfully in the milling and lumber business as 
 the partner of his brother. The public positions 
 held by him, since the war, include those of 
 Sheriff of Clay County (1870-72), Clerk of the Cir- 
 cuit Court (1872-76), and State Senator (1880-83). 
 During the latter year lie received the appoint- 
 ment of United States JIarslial for the Southern 
 Di.strict of Illinoi.s, serving until after the acces- 
 sion of President Cleveland in 1885. In 1886, he 
 was the Republican nominee for State Treasurer 
 and was elected by an unasually large majority ; 
 in 1891 was .appointed, by (jovernor Fifer, a 
 ineml>er of the liiiilroail and Warehouse Commis- 
 sion, but, in 1892, received tlie iij)pointment of 
 Afwi.stant United States Treasurer at C^liicago, 
 fx>ntinuing in the bitter office until D^iccsmbcir, 
 1893. For ten years (1874 84) he was a member 
 of the Republican State Central Cf)m!nittee, re- 
 turning U) that Ixxly in 1894, when ho was cho.sen 
 Cliairman and conducted the campaign which 
 
 resulted in the unprecedented Republican suc- 
 cesses of that year. In 1896 he received the 
 nomination of his party for Governor, and was 
 elected over Gov. John P. Altgeld, his Demo- 
 cratic opponent, by a plurality of over 113,000, 
 and a majority, over all, of nearly 90,000 votes. 
 
 TANNER, Tazewell B., jurist, was born in 
 Henry County, Va., and came to Jefferson 
 County, 111., about 1846 or '47, at first taking a 
 position as teacher and Superintendent of Public 
 Schools. Later, he was connected with "The 
 Jeffersonian, " a Democratic paj^er at Mount Ver- 
 non, and, in 1849, went to the gold regions of 
 California, meeting with reasonable success as a 
 miner. Returning in a year or two, he was 
 elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, and, while in 
 the discharge of his duties, prosecuted the study 
 of law, finally, on admission to the bar, entering 
 into partnership with the late Col. Thomas S. 
 Casey. In 1854 he was elected Representative in 
 the Nineteenth General Assemblj', and was in- 
 strumental in securing the appropriation for the 
 erection of a Supreme Court building at Mount 
 Vernon. In 1862 he served as a Delegate to the 
 State Constitutional Convention of that year ; was 
 elected Circuit Judge in 1873, and, in 1877, was 
 assigned to dutj' on the Appellate bench, but, at 
 the expiration of his term, declined a re-election 
 and resumed the practice of his profession at 
 Mount Vernon. Died, March 25, 1880. 
 
 TAXATION, in its legal sense, the mode of 
 raising revenue. In its general sense its purposes 
 are the support of the State and local govern- 
 ments, the promotion of the public good by 
 fostering education and works of public improve- 
 ment, the protection of society by the preser- 
 vation of order and the punishment of crime, and 
 the support of the helpless and destitute. In 
 practice, and as j^rescribed by the Constitution, 
 the raising of revenue is required to be done "by 
 levying a tax by valuation, so that every person 
 and corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to 
 the value of his, her or its property — such value 
 to be ascertained by some person or persons, to be 
 elected or appointed in such manner as the Gen- 
 eral Assembly shall direct, and not otherwise." 
 (State Constitution, 1870 — Art. Revenue, Sec. 1.) 
 The person .selected under the law to make this 
 valuation is the Assessor of the county or the 
 township (in counties under township organiza- 
 tion), and lie is rcMjuired to make a return to the 
 County Hoard at its July me(!ting (^ach year — the 
 latter having autliority to hear complaints of tax- 
 payers and adjust ineijualities when found to 
 exist. It is made the duty of the Assessor to 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 519 
 
 include in his return, as real-estate, all lands and 
 the buildings or other improvements erected 
 thereon; and, under the head of personal jDrop- 
 erty, all tangible effects, besides moneys, credits, 
 bonds or stocks, sliares of stock of companies or 
 corporations, investments, annuities, franchises, 
 royalties, etc. Property used for school, church 
 or cemetery purposes, as well as public buildings 
 and other property belonging to the State and 
 General Government, municipalities, i^ublic 
 charities, public libraries, agricultural and scien- 
 tific societies, are declared exemj^t. Nominally, 
 all property subject to taxation is required to be 
 assessed at its cash valuation ; but, in reality, the 
 valuation, of late years, has been on a basis of 
 twenty-five to thirty-three per cent of its esti- 
 mated cash value. In the larger cities, however, 
 the valuation is often much lower than this, 
 while very large amounts escape assessment 
 altogether. The Revenue Act, passed at the 
 special session of the Fortieth General Assembly 
 (1898), requires the Assessor to make a return of 
 all property subject to taxation in his district, at 
 its cash valuation, upon which a Board of Review 
 fixes a tax on the basis of twenty per cent of 
 such cash valuation. An abstract of the property 
 assessment of each county goes before the State 
 Board of Equalization, at its annual meeting in 
 August, for the purpose of comparison and equal- 
 izing valuations between counties, but the Board 
 has no power to modify the assessments of indi- 
 vidual tax-payers. (See State Board of Equali- 
 zation.) This Board has exclusive power to fix 
 the valuation for purposes of taxation of the 
 capital stock or franchises of companies (except 
 certain specified manufacturing corporations) , in- 
 corporated under the State laws, together with the 
 "railroad track" and "rolling stock" of railroads, 
 and the capital stock of railroads and telegraph 
 lines, and to iix the distribution of the latter 
 between counties in which they lie. — The Consti- 
 tution of 1848 empowered the Legislature to 
 impose a capitation tax, of not less than fifty 
 cents nor more than one dollar, upon each free 
 white male citizen entitled to the right of suf- 
 frage, between the ages of 21 and 60 years, but the 
 Constitution of 1870 grants no such power, 
 though it authorizes the extension of the "objects 
 and subjects of taxation" in accordance with the 
 principle contained in the first section of the 
 Revenue Article. — Special assessments in cities, 
 for the construction of sewers, pavements, etc., 
 being local and in the form of benefits, cannot 
 he said to come under the head of general tax- 
 ation. The same is to be said of revenue derived 
 
 from fines and penalties, which are forms of 
 punishment for specific offenses, and go to the 
 benefit of certain specified funds. 
 
 TAYLOR, Abner, ex-Congressman, is a native 
 of Maine, and a resident of Chicago. He has been 
 in active business all his life as contractor, builder 
 and merchant, and, for some time, a member of 
 the wholesale dry-goods firm of J. V. Farwell & 
 Co. , of Chicago. He was a member of the Thirty- 
 fourth General Assembly, a delegate to the 
 National Republican Convention of 1884, and 
 represented the First IlUnois District in the Fifty- 
 first and Fifty -second Congresses, 1889 to 1893. 
 Mr. Taj'lor was one of the contractors for the 
 erection of the new State Capitol of Texas. 
 
 TAYLOR, Benjamin Franklin, journalist, poet 
 and lecturer, was born at Lowville, N. Y., July 
 19, 1819; graduated at Madison University in 
 1839, the next year becoming literary and dra- 
 matic critic of "The Chicago Evening Journal " 
 Here, in a few years, he acquired a wide reputa- 
 tion as a journalist and poet, and was much in 
 demand as a lecturer on literary topics. His 
 letters from the field during the Rebellion, as 
 war correspondent of "The Evening Journal," 
 won for him even a greater popularity, and were 
 complimented by translation into more than one 
 European language. After the war, he gave his 
 attention more unreservedly to literature, his 
 principal works appearing after that date. His 
 publications in book form, including both prose 
 and poetry, comprise the following: "Attractions 
 of Language" (1845); "January and June" 
 (1853); "Pictures in Camp and Field" (1871); 
 "The World on Wheels" (1873); "Old Time Pic- 
 tures and Slieaves of Rhyme" (1874); "Songs of 
 Yesterday" (1877); "Summer Savory Gleaned 
 from Rural Nooks" (1879); "Between the Gates" 
 — pictures of California life — (1881) ; "Dulce 
 Domum. the Burden of Song" (1884), and "Theo- 
 philus Trent, or Old Times in the Oak Openings," 
 a novel (1887). The last was in the hands of the 
 publishers at his death, Feb. 27. 1887. Among 
 his most popular poems are "The Isle of the Long 
 Ago," "The Old Village Choir," and "Rhymes of 
 the River. ' ' "The London Times" ' complimented 
 Mr. Taylor with the title of "The Oliver Gold- 
 smith of America." 
 
 TAYLOR, Edmund Dick, early Indian-trader 
 and legislator, was born at Fairfield C. H. , Va. , 
 Oct. 18, 1802 — the son of a commissary in the 
 army of the Revolution, under General Greene, 
 and a cousin of General (later. President) Zachary 
 Taylor ; left his native State in his youth and, at 
 an earl J- day, came to Springfield, 111., where he 
 
520 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 opened an Indian-trading post and general store ; 
 was elected from Sangamon County to the lower 
 branch of the Seventli General Assembly (1830) 
 and re-elected in 1832 — the latter year being a 
 competitor of Abraham Lincoln, whom he 
 defeated. In 1834 he was elected to the State 
 Senate and, at the next session of the Legislature, 
 was one of the celebrated "Long Nine" who 
 secured the removal of the State Capital to 
 Springfield. He resigned before the close of his 
 term to accept, from President Jackson, the ap- 
 pointment of Receiver of Public Moneys at Chi- 
 cago. Here he became one of the promoters of 
 the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad (1837), 
 serving as one of the Commissioners to secure 
 subscriptions of stock, and was also active in 
 advocating the construction of the Illinois & 
 Michigan Canal. The title of "Colonel," by 
 which he was known during most of his life, was 
 acquired bj^ service, with that rank, on the staff 
 of Gov. John Reynolds, during the Black Hawk 
 War of 1832. After coming to Chicago, Colonel 
 Taylor became one of the Trustees of the Chicago 
 branch of the State Bank, and was later identified 
 with various banking enterprises, as also a some- 
 what extensive operator in real estate. An active 
 Democrat in the early part of his career in Illi- 
 nois, Colonel Taylor was one of the members of 
 his party to take ground against the Kansas-Neb 
 raska bill in 1854, and advocated tlie election of 
 General Bissell to the governorship in 1856. In 
 18G0 he was again in line with his party in sup- 
 port of Senator Douglas for tlie Presidency, and 
 was an opponent of the war policy of the Govern- 
 ment still later, as shown by his participation in 
 the celebrated "Peace Convention" at Spring- 
 field, of June 17, 1863. In the latter years of bis 
 life he became extensively interested in coal 
 lands in La Salle and adjoining counties, and, 
 for a considerable time, served as President of the 
 Nortliern Illinois Coal & Jlining Company, his 
 home, during a part of this period, being at 
 Mendota. Died, in (Jhicago, Dec. 4, 1891. 
 
 T.VVLOHVIIiLE, a city and county-seat of 
 Christian County, on the South Fork of the Sanga- 
 mon River and on tlie Wabasli Railway at its 
 point of intersection with tlie Springfield Division 
 of the Baltimore & Ohio Soutliwestern. It is 
 about 27 miles southeast of Sjiringfield, and 
 28 miles Houtliwe.st of Decatur. It has several 
 banks, flour niiils, j)a[)er mill, elec-tric liglit and 
 gas jilants, waterworks, two coal mines, carriage 
 and wagon sliojw, a manufat^tory of farming 
 imitleinents, two daily and weekly papr^rs, nine 
 churcheH and five graded and townsliip high 
 
 schools. Much coal is mined in this vicinity. 
 Pop. (1890), 2,839; (1900), 4,248. 
 
 TAZEWELL COUNTY, a central county on 
 the Illinois River; was first settled in 1823 and 
 organized in 1827 ; has an area of 650 square miles 
 — was named for Governor Tazewell of Virginia. 
 It is drained by the Illinois and Mackinaw Rivers 
 and traversed by several lines of railway. The 
 surface is generally level, the soil alluvial and 
 rich, but, requiring drainage, especially on the 
 river bottoms. Gravel, coal and sandstone are 
 found, but, generally speaking, Tazewell is an 
 agricultural county. The cereals are extensively 
 cultivated; wool is also clipped, and there are 
 dairy interests of some importance. Distilling is 
 extensively conducted at Pekin, the county-seat, 
 which is also the seat of other mechanical indus- 
 tries. (See also Pekin.) Population of the 
 county (1880), 29,666; (1890), 29,556; (1900), 33,22L 
 
 TEMPLE, John Taylor, M.D., early Chicago 
 physician, born in Virginia in 1804, graduated in 
 medicine at Middlebury College, Vt., in 1830, and, 
 in 1833, arrived in Chicago. At this time he had 
 a contract for carrying the United States mail 
 from Chicago to Fort Howard, near Green Bay, 
 and the following year undertook a similar con- 
 tract between Chicago and Ottawa. Having sold 
 these out three years later, he devoted his atten- 
 tion to the pi'actice of his profession, though 
 interested, for a time, in contracts for the con- 
 struction of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. Dr. 
 Temple was instrumental in erecting the first 
 house (after Rev. Jesse Walker's missionary 
 station at Wolf Point), for public religious 
 worsliip in Chicago, and, although himself a 
 Baptist, it was used in common by Protestant 
 denominations. He was a member of the first 
 Board of Trustees of Rush Medical College, 
 though he later became a convert to homeopathy, 
 and finally, removing to St. Louis, assisted in 
 founding the St. Louis School of Homeopathy, 
 dying there, Feb. 24, 1877. 
 
 TENURE OF OFFICE. (See Elections.) 
 
 TERIIE HAUTE, ALTON & ST. LOUIS 
 UAILROAl). (See Sf. Loids, Alton & Tcrre 
 Hun ft' lid il road. ) 
 
 TERRE HAUTE & ALTON RAILROAD (See 
 St. Loids, Alton <& 7V'rre Ilautc lidilroiul.) 
 
 TERRE HAUTE & INDIANAPOLIS RAIL- 
 ROAD, a corporation operating no lino of its own 
 within tlio States, but tlie Ics.soo and ojiorator of 
 tlie following lines (which see): St. Louis, 
 Vandalia & Terre Ilauto, 158.3 miles; Terro 
 Haute & Peoria, 145.12 miles; East St. Louis 
 & Carondelet, 12.74 miles — total lengtli of leased 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 521 
 
 lines in Illinois, 316.16 miles. The Terre Haute 
 & Indianapolis Railroad vvas incorporated in 
 Indiana in 1847, as the Teri-e Haute & Rich- 
 mond, completed a line between the points 
 named in the title, in 1852, and took its present 
 name in 1866. The Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
 pany purchased a controlling interest in its stock 
 in 1893. 
 
 TERRE HAUTE & PEORIA RAILROAD, 
 (Vandalia Line), a line of road extending from 
 Terre Haute, Ind., to Peoria, 111., 145.12 miles, 
 with 28.78 miles of trackage, making in all 173.9 
 miles in operation, all being in Illinois— operated 
 by the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad Com- 
 pany. The gauge is standard, and the rails are 
 steel. (History. ) It was organized Feb. 7, 1887, 
 successor to the Illinois Midland Railroad. The 
 latter was made up by the consolidation (Nov. 4, 
 1874) of three lines: (1) The Peoria, Atlanta & 
 Decatur Railroad, chartered in 1869 and opened in 
 1874; (2) the Paris & Decatur Railroad, chartered 
 in 1861 and opened in December, 1872 ; and (3) the 
 Paris & Terre Haute Railroad, chartered in 1873^ 
 and opened in 1874 — the consolidated lines 
 assuming the name of the Illinois Midland Rail- 
 road. In 1886 the Illinois Midland was sold under 
 foreclosure and, in February, 1887, reorganized 
 as the Terre Haute & Peoria Railroad. In 1892 
 it was leased for ninety-nine years to the Terre 
 Haute & Indianapolis Railroad Company, and is 
 operated as a part of the "Vandalia System." 
 The capital stock (1898) was §3,764,200; funded 
 debt, $2,230,000,— total capital invested, ,§6,227,- 
 481. 
 
 TEUTOPOLIS, a village of Effingham County, 
 on the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad, 4 
 miles east of Effingham; was originally settled 
 by a colony of Germans from Cincinnati. Popu- 
 lation (1900), 498. 
 
 THOMAS, Horace H., lawyer and legislator, 
 was born in Vermont, Dec. 18, 1831, graduated at 
 Middlebury College, and, after admission to the 
 bar, removed to Chicago, where lie commenced 
 practice. At the outbreak of the rebellion he 
 enlisted and was coramissioned Assistant Adju- 
 tant-General of the Army of the Ohio. At the 
 close of the war he took up his residence in Ten- 
 nessee, serving as Quartermaster upon the staff 
 of Governor Brownlow. In 1867 he returned to 
 Chicago and resumed practice. He was elected 
 a Representative in the Legislature in 1878 and 
 re-elected in 1880, being chosen Speaker of the 
 House during his latter term. In 1888 he was 
 elected State Senator from the Sixth District, 
 serving during the sessions of the Thirty-sixth 
 
 and Thirty-seventh General Assemblies. In 
 1897, General Thomas was appointed United 
 States Appraiser in connection with the Custom 
 Hou.se in Chicago. 
 
 THOMAS, Jesse Burgess, jurist and United 
 States Senator, was born at Hagerstown, Md., 
 claiming direct descent from Lord Baltimore. 
 Taken west in childhood, he grew to manhood 
 and settled at Lawrenceburg, Indiana Territory, 
 in 1803; in 1805 was Speaker of the Territorial 
 Legislature and, later, represented the Territory 
 as Delegate in Congress. On the organization of 
 Illinois Territory (which he had favored), he 
 removed to Kaskaskia, was appointed one of the 
 first Judges for the new Territory, and, in 1818, 
 as Delegate from St. Clair County, presided over 
 the first State Constitutional Convention, and, on 
 the admission of the State, became one of the 
 first United States Senators — Governor Edwards 
 being his colleague. Though an avowed advo- 
 cate of slavery, he gained no little prominence 
 as the author of the celebrated "Missouri Com- 
 promise," adopted in 1820. He was re-elected to 
 the Senate in 1823, serving until 1829. He sub- 
 sequentl)' removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio, where 
 he died by suicide. May 4, 1853. — Jesse Burgess 
 (Thomas), Jr., nephew of the United States Sena- 
 tor of the same name, was born at Lebanon, Ohio, 
 July 31, 1806, was educated at Transylvania 
 University, and, being admitted to the bar, 
 located at Edwardsville, 111. He first a])peared 
 in connection witli public affairs as Secretary of 
 the State Senate in 1830, being re-elected in 1832 ; 
 in 1834 vvas elected Representative in the General 
 Assembly from Madison Count}', but, in Febru- 
 ary following, was appointed Attorney-General, 
 serving only one year. He afterwards held the 
 position of Circuit Judge (1837-39), his home being 
 then in Springfield; in 1843 he became Associ- 
 ate Justice of the Supreme Court, by appointment 
 of the Governor, as successor to Stephen A. Doug- 
 las, and was afterwards elected to the same 
 office by the Legislature, remaining until 1848. 
 During a part of his professional career he was 
 the partner of David Prickett and William L. 
 May, at Springfield, and afterwards a member of 
 the Galena bar, finally removing to Chicago, 
 where he died, Feb. 21, 1850.— Jesse B. (Thomas) 
 third, clergyman and son of the last named ; born 
 at Edwardsville, 111., July 29, 1832; educated at 
 Kenyon College, Ohio, and Rochester (N. Y.) 
 Theological Seminary ; practiced law for a time 
 in Chicago, but finally entered the Baptist minis- 
 try, serving churches at "Waukegan, 111., Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., and San Francisco (1862-69). He 
 
522 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 then became pastor of the Michigan Avenue Bap- 
 tist Church, in Chicago, remaining until 1874, 
 when lie returned to Brooklyn. In 1887 he 
 became Professor of Biblical History in the 
 Theological Seminary at Newton, Mass. , where he 
 has since resided. He is the author of several 
 volumes, and, in 1866, received the degree of D.D. 
 from the old Universitj' of Chicago. 
 
 THOMAS, John, pioneer and soldier of the 
 Black Hawk War, was born in Wythe County, 
 Va., Jan. 11, 1800. At the age of 18 he accom- 
 panied his parents to St. Clair County, 111., where 
 the family located in what was then called the 
 Alexander settlement, near the present site of 
 Shiloh. When he was 22 he rented a farm 
 (although he had not enough money to buy a 
 horse) and married. Six j'ears later he bought 
 and stocked a farm, and, from that time forward, 
 rapidly accumulated real property, until he 
 became one of the most extensive owners of farm- 
 ing land in St. Clair County. In early life he 
 was fond of military exercise, holding various 
 offices in local organizations and serving as a 
 Colonel in the Black Hawk War. In 1824 he was 
 one of the leaders of the party opposed to the 
 amendment of tlie State Constitution to sanction 
 slavery, was a zealous opponent of the Kansas- 
 Nebra.ska bill in 1854, and a firm supporter of the 
 Republican party from the date of its formation. 
 He was elected to the lower hou.se of the General 
 Assembly in 1838, '62, "64, '72 and '74; and to the 
 State Senate in 1878, serving four years in the 
 liVtter body. Died, at Belleville, Dec. 16, 1894, in 
 the 95th year of his age. 
 
 THOMAS, John R., ex-Congressman, was born 
 at M<^unt Vernon, 111., Oct. 11, 1846. He served 
 in tlie Union Army during the War of the Rebel- 
 lion, rising from the ranks to a captaincy. After 
 liis return home he studied law, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 18C9. From 1872 to 1876 he M-as 
 State's Attorney, and, from 1879 to 1889, repre- 
 sented liis District in Congress. In 1897, Mr. 
 Thomas was appointed by President McKiidey 
 an additional United States District Judge for 
 Indian Teriitory. Ilis home is now at Vanita, 
 in tliat Territory. 
 
 THOMAS, \Mllium, pioneer lawyer and legis- 
 lat<jr, was born in wliat is now Allen County, 
 Ky., Nov. 22, 1H02; received a rudimentary edu- 
 cation, and wrved as d(!j)Uty of liis fatlKjr (who 
 wjLs Kherifr), and aftcrwanls of tlie (.'ounty Clerk ; 
 Htudied law and was adniittcid to tlu; bar in 1K2;{; 
 in 1826 remov«d to Jacksonville, 111., where he 
 tauKlit HchfK)!, served as a private in the Winne- 
 bago War (1827), and at the session of 1828-29, 
 
 reported tlie proceedings of the General Assem- 
 bly for "'TlieVandalia Intelligencer" ; was State's 
 Attorney and School Commissioner of Morgan 
 County; served as Quartermaster and Commis- 
 sary in the Black Hawk War (1831-32), first under 
 Gen. Joseph Duncan and, a year later, under 
 General Whiteside ; in 1839 was appointed Circuit 
 Judge, but legislated out of office two years later. 
 It was as a member of the Legislature, however, 
 that he gained the greatest prominence, first as 
 State Senator in 1834-40, and Representative in 
 1846-48 and 1850-52, when he was especially influ- 
 ential in the legislation which resulted in estab- 
 lishing the institutions for the Deaf and Dumb 
 and the Blind, and the Hospital for the Insane 
 (the first in the State) at Jacksonville — .serving, 
 for a time, as a member of the Board of Trustees 
 of the latter. He was also prominent in connec- 
 tion with man}^ enterprises of a local character, 
 including the establishment of the Illinois Female 
 College, to which, although without children of 
 his own, he was a liberal contributor. During 
 the first year of the war he was a member of the 
 Board of Army Auditors by appointment of Gov- 
 ernor Yates. Died, at Jacksonville, August 22, 
 1889. 
 
 THORNTON, Anthony, jurist, was born in 
 Bourbon County, Ky., Nov. 9, 1814 — being 
 descended from a Virginia family. After tlie 
 usual primary instruction in the common schools, 
 he spent two years in a high school at Gallatin, 
 Tenn., when he entered Centre College at Dan- 
 ville, Ky., aftervv-ards continuing his studies at 
 Miami University, Ohio, where he graduated in 
 1834. Having studied law with an uncle at 
 Paris, Ky., he was licensed to practice in 1836, 
 when he left his native State with a view to set- 
 tling in Mis.souri, but, visiting his uncle. Gen. 
 William F. Tliorntoii, at Shelby ville. 111., was 
 induced to establisli liiinself in practice there. 
 He .served as a member of tlie State Constitutional 
 Conventions of 1847 and 1862, and as Represent- 
 ative in the Seventeenth General Assembly 
 (1850-52) for Shelby County. In 1864 he was 
 elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and, in 
 1870, to the Illinois Supreme Court, but served 
 only until 1873, when he resigned. In 1879 
 Judge Thornton removed to Decatur, 111., but 
 subs(>(|uently returned to Sliell)yville, wliere 
 (181)8) lie now resides. 
 
 THORNTON, WilHam Fitzhugh, Commissioner 
 of tlie Illinois (t Micliigan (!;inal, was born in 
 Hanover County, Va., Oct. 4, 1789; in 1806, went 
 to Alexandria, Va., where he conducted a drug 
 business for a time, also acting as associate 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 523 
 
 editor of "The Alexandria Gazette." Sub.se- 
 quently removing to Washington City, he con- 
 ducted a paj^er there in the interest of John 
 Quincy Adams for the Presidency. During the 
 War of 1812-14 he served as a Captain of cavah-y, 
 and, for a time, as staff-officer of General Winder. 
 On occasion of the visit of Marquis La Fayette to 
 America (1824-25) he accompanied the distin- 
 guished Frenchman from Baltimore to Rich- 
 mond. In 1829 he removed to Kentucky, and, 
 in 1833, to Shelbyville, 111., where he soon after 
 engaged in mercantile business, to which he 
 added a banking and brokerage business in 1859, 
 with which he was actively associated until his 
 death. In 1836, he was appointed, by Governor 
 Duncan, one of the Commissioners of the Illinois 
 & Michigan Canal, serving as President of the 
 Board until 1842. In 1840, he made a visit to 
 London, as financial agent of the State, in the 
 interest of the Canal, and succeeded in making a 
 sale of bonds to the amount of $1,000,000 on what 
 were then considered favorable terms. General 
 Thornton was an ardent Whig until the organi- 
 zation of the Republican party, when he became 
 a Democrat. Died, at Shelbyville, Oct. 21, 
 1873. 
 
 TILLSON, John, pioneer, was born at Halifax, 
 Mass., March 13, 1796; came to Illinois in 1819, 
 locating at Hillsboro, Montgomery County, where 
 he became a prominent and enterprising operator 
 in real estate, doing a large business for eastern 
 parties; was one of the founders of Hillsboro 
 Academy and an influential and liberal friend of 
 Illinois College, being a Trustee of the latter 
 from its establishment until his death ; was sup- 
 ported in the Legislature of 1827 for State Treas- 
 urer, but defeated by James Hall. Died, at 
 Peoria, May 11, 1853.— Christiana Holmes (Till- 
 son), wife of the preceding, was born at Kingston, 
 Mass., Oct. 10, 1798; married to John Tillson in 
 1822, and immediately came to Illinois to reside ; 
 was a woman of rare culture and refinement, and 
 deeply interested in benevolent enterprises. 
 Died, in New York City, May 29, 1872.— Charles 
 Holmes (Tillson), son of John and Christiana 
 Holmes Tillson, was born at Hillsboro, 111. , Sept. 
 15, 1823; educated at Hillsboro Academy and 
 Illinois College, graduating from the latter in 
 1844; studied law in St. Louis and at Transyl- 
 vania University, was admitted to the bar in St. 
 Louis and practiced there some years — also served 
 several terms in the City Council, and was a 
 member of the National Guard of Missouri in the 
 War of the Rebellion. Died, Nov. 25, 1865.— 
 John (Tillson), Jr., another son, was born at 
 
 Hillsboro, 111., Oct. 12, 1825; educated at Hills- 
 boro Academy and Illinois College, but did not 
 graduate from the latter; graduated from Tran- 
 sylvania Law School, Ky., in 1847, and was 
 admitted to the bar at Quincy, 111., the same 
 year; practiced two years at Galena, when he 
 returned to Quincy. In 1861 he enlisted in the 
 Tenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, became its 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, on the promotion of Col. J. D. 
 Morgan to Brigadier-General, was advanced to 
 the colonelcy, and, in July, 1865, was mustered 
 out with the rank of brevet Brigadier-General; 
 for two years later held a commis.sion as Captain 
 in the regular army. During a portion of 1869-70 
 he was editor of "The Quincy Whig"; in 1873 
 was elected Representative in the Twenty -eighth 
 General Assembly to succeed Nehemiah Bushnell, 
 who had died in office, and, during the same year, 
 was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for 
 the Quincy District, serving until 1881. Died, 
 August 6, 1892. 
 
 TILLSON, Robert, pioneer, was born in Hali- 
 fax County, Mass., August 12, 1800; came to Illi- 
 nois in 1822, and was employed, for sevei-al years, 
 as a clerk in the land agency of his brother, John 
 Tillson, at Hillsboro. In 1826 he engaged in the 
 mercantile business with Charles Holmes, Jr., in 
 St. Louis, but, in 1828, removed to Quincy, 111., 
 where he opened the first general store in that 
 city; also served as Postmaster for some ten 
 years. During this period he built the first two- 
 story frame building erected in Quincy, up to 
 that date. Retiring from the mercantile business 
 in 1840 he engaged in real estate, ultimately 
 becoming the proprietor of considerable property 
 of this character ; was also a contractor for fur- 
 nishing cavalry accouterments to the Government 
 during the war. Soon after the war he erected 
 one of the handsomest business blocks existing 
 in the city at that time. Died, in Quincy, Dec. 
 27, 1892. 
 
 TINCHER, John L., banker, was born in Ken- 
 tucky in 1821 ; brought by his jjarents to Vermil- 
 ion County, Ind., in 1829, and left an orphan at 
 17; attended school in Coles County, 111 , and 
 was employed as clerk in a store at Danville, 
 1843-53. He then 'became a member of the firm 
 of Tincher & English, merchants, later establish- 
 ing a bank, which became the First National 
 Bank of Danville. In 1864 Mr. Tincher was 
 elected Representative in the Twenty-fourth 
 General Assembly and, two years later, to the 
 Senate, being re-elected in 1870. He was also a 
 member of the State Constitutional Convention 
 of 1869-70. Died, in Springfield, Dec. 17, 1871, 
 
524 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 while in attendance on the adjourned session of 
 that year. 
 
 TIPTON, Thomas F., lawyer and jurist, was 
 born in Franklin County, Ohio, August 29, 1833; 
 has been a resident of McLean Countj', 111. , from 
 the age of 10 years, his present home being at 
 Bloomington. He was admitted to the bar in 
 1857, and, from January, 1867, to December, 1868, 
 was State's Attorney for the Eighth Judicial 
 Circuit. In 1870 he was elected Judge of the 
 same circuit, and under the new Constitution, 
 was chosen Judge of the new Fourteenth Circuit. 
 From 1877 to 1879 he represented the (then) 
 Thirteenth Illinois District in Congress, but, in 
 1878, was defeated by Adlai E. Stevenson, the 
 Democratic nominee. In 1891 he was re-elected 
 to a seat on the Circuit bench for the Bloomington 
 Circuit, but resumed practice at the expiration 
 of his term in 1897. 
 
 TISKILWA, a village of Bureau County, on the 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 7 miles 
 southwest of Princeton; has creameries and 
 cheese factories, churches, school, library, water- 
 ■works, bank and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 965. 
 
 TODD, (Col.) John, soldier, was born in Mont- 
 gomery County, Pa., in 1750; took part in the 
 battle of Point Pleasant, Va., in 1774, as Adju- 
 tant-General of General Lewis; settled as a 
 lawyer at Fincastle, Va., and, in 1775, removed 
 to Fayette County, Ky., the next year locating 
 near Lexington. He was one of the first two 
 Delegates from Kentucky County to the Virginia 
 House of Burgesses, and, in 1778, accompanied 
 Col. George Rogers Clark on his expedition 
 against Kaskaskia and Vincennes. In Decem- 
 ber, 1778, he was appointed by Gov. Patrick 
 Henry, Lieutenant-Commandant of Illinois 
 County, embracing the region northwest of the 
 Oliio River, .serving two years; in 1780, was again 
 a member of the Virginia Legislature, where he 
 procured grants of land for public schools and 
 introduced a bill for negro-emaiicii)ati<)n. He 
 wa.s killed by Indians, at the battle of Blue 
 Li<;ks, Ky., August 19, 1782. 
 
 TODD, (Dr.) John, physician, born near Lex- 
 ington, Ky., April 27, 1787, was one of the earli- 
 est graduates of Transylvania University, also 
 graduating at tlie Medical University of Phila- 
 delphia; wasa()pointe(l Surgeon-CJeneral of Ken- 
 tucky troops in tin; War of 1812, and captured at 
 tne l>attle of River Raisin. Returning to Lex- 
 ington after liis ndease, he practicied thcire and 
 at Uardstown, r<!inoved to Erlwardsvillo, 111., in 
 1817. and, in 1827, to Springfield, whcire ho liad 
 been apixjinted Itegister of the Land OfTico by 
 
 President John Quincy Adams, but was removed 
 by Jackson in 1829. Dr. Todd continued to reside 
 at Springfield until liis death, which occurred, 
 Jan. 9, 1865. He was a grandson of John Todd, 
 who was appointed Commandant of Illinois 
 County by Gov. Patrick Henry in 1778, and an 
 uncle of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln. — John Dlair 
 Smith (Todd), son of the preceding, was born at 
 Lexington, Ky., April 4, 1814; came with his 
 father to Illinois in 1817 ; graduated at the United 
 States Military Academy in 1837, serving after- 
 wards in the Florida and Mexican wars and on 
 the frontier ; resigned, and was an Indian-trader 
 in Dakota, 1856-61 ; the latter year, took his 
 seat as a Delegate in Congress from Dakota, 
 then served as Brigadier-General of Volun- 
 teers, 1861-62; was again Delegate in Congress 
 in 1863-65, Speaker of the Dakota Legislature 
 in 1867, and Governor of the Territory, 1869-71. 
 Died, at Yankton City, Jan. 5, 1872. 
 
 TOLEDO, a village and the county-.seat of 
 Cumberland County, on the Illinois Central Rail- 
 road; founded in 1854 ; has five churches, a graded 
 school, two banks, creamery, flour mill, elevator, 
 and two weekly newspapers. There are no manu- 
 factories, the leading industry in the surrounding 
 country being agriculture. Pop. (1890), 676; 
 (1900), 818. 
 
 TOLEDO, CINCINNATI & ST. LOUIS RAIL- 
 ROAD. (See Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas Cit^ 
 Railroad. ) 
 
 TOLEDO, PEORIA & WARSAW RAILROAD. 
 (See Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway.) 
 
 TOLEDO, PEORIA & WESTERN RAILROAD. 
 (See Toledo. Peoria & We.^teru Railway.) 
 
 TOLEDO, PEORIA & WESTERN RAILWAY, 
 a line of railroad wholly within the State of Illi- 
 nois, extending from Effner, at the Indiana State 
 line, west to the Mississippi River at Warsaw. 
 The length of the whole line is 230.7 miles, owned 
 entirely by the company. It is made up of a 
 division from Effner to Peoria (110 9 miles) — 
 wlii(;li is pra(;tically an air-line throughout nearly 
 its entire length — and the Peoria and Warsaw 
 Division (108.8 miles) witli branches from La 
 Harpe to Iowa Junction (10.4 miles) and 0.6 of a 
 mile connecting with the Keokuk bridge at 
 Hamilton. — (History.) The original charter for 
 this line was granted, in 18(i3, under the name of 
 the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Railroad; the main 
 line was completed in 1868, and the La llarpo & 
 Iowa Junction branc^li in 1873. Diifault was 
 made in 1873, the road sold under foreclosure, in 
 1880, and reorganizeil as the Toledo, Peoria & 
 W(!st(!rn Railroad, and the line leased for 49^ 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 525 
 
 years to the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway 
 Company. The latter defaulted in July, 1884, 
 and, a year later, the Toledo, Peoria & Western 
 was transferred to trustees for the first mortgage 
 bond-holders, was sold under foreclosure in 
 October, 1886, and, in March, 1887, the present 
 company, under the name of the Toledo, Peoria 
 & Western Railway Company, was organized for 
 the purpose of taking over the property. In 1893 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company obtained a 
 controlling interest in the stock, and, in 1894, an 
 agreement, for joint ownership and management, 
 was entered into between that corporation and 
 the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Com- 
 pany. The total capitalization, in 1898, was 
 ^9,713,433, of which $4,076,900 was in stock and 
 $4,895,000 in bonds. 
 
 TOLEDO, ST. LOUIS & KANSAS CITY RAIL- 
 ROAD. This line crosses the State in a northeast 
 direction from East St. Louis to Humrick, near 
 the Indiana State line, with Toledo as its eastern 
 terminus. The length of the entire line is 450.72 
 miles, of which 179V^ miles are operated in Illi- 
 nois. — (History.) The Illinois portion of the 
 line grew out of the union of charters granted to 
 the Tuscola, Charleston & Vincennes and the 
 Charleston, Neoga & St. Louis Railroad Com- 
 panies, which were consolidated in 1881 with 
 certain Indiana lines under the name of the 
 Toledo, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad. During 
 1883 a narrow-gauge road was constructed from 
 Ridge Farm, in Vermilion County, to East St. 
 Louis (172 miles). In 1885 this was sold under 
 foreclosure and, in June, 1886, consolidated with 
 the main line under the name of the Toledo, St. 
 Louis & Kansas City Railroad. The whole line 
 was changed to standard gauge in 1887-89, and 
 otherwise materially improved, but, in 1893, 
 went into the hands of receivers. Plans of re- 
 organization have been under consideration, but 
 the receivers were still in control in 1898. 
 
 TOLEDO, WABASH & WESTERN RAIL- 
 ROAD. (See Wabash Railroad.) 
 
 TOLONO, a city in Champaign County, situ- 
 ated at the intersection of the Wabash and the 
 Illinois Central Railroads, 9 miles south of Cham- 
 paign and 37 miles east-northeast of Decatur. It 
 is the business center of a prosperous agricultural 
 region. The town has five churches, a graded 
 school, a bank, a button factory, and a weeklv 
 newspaper. Population (1880), 905; (1890), 902; 
 (1900), 845. 
 
 TONICA, a village of La Salle County, on the 
 Illinois Central Railway, 9 miles south of La Salle ; 
 the district is agricultural, but the place has some 
 
 manufactures and a newspaper. Population 
 (1890), 473; (1900), 497. 
 
 TONTY, Chevalier Henry de, explorer and sol 
 dier, born at Gaeta, Italy, about 1650 What is 
 now known as the Tontine system of insurance 
 undoubtedly originated with his father. The 
 younger Tonty was adventurous, and, even as a 
 youth, took part in numerous land and naval 
 encounters. In the course of his experience he 
 lost a hand, which was replaced by an iron or 
 copper substitute. He embarked with La Salle 
 in 1678, and aided in the construction of a fort at 
 Niagara. He advanced into the country of the 
 Illinois and established friendly relations with 
 them, only to witness the defeat of his putative 
 savage allies by the Iroquois. After various 
 encounters (chiefly under the direction of La 
 Salle) witli the Indians in Illinois, he returned 
 to Green Bay in 1681. The same year — under La 
 Salle's orders — he began the erection of Fort St. 
 Louis, on what is now called "Starved Rock" in 
 La Salle County. In 1683 he descended the Mis- 
 sissippi to its mouth, with La Salle, but was 
 ordered back to Mackinaw for assistance. In 
 1684 he returned to Illinois and successfully 
 repulsed the Iroquois from Fort St. Louis. In 
 1686 he again descended the Mississippi in search 
 of La Salle. Disheartened by the death of his 
 commander and the loss of his early comrades, 
 he took up his residence with the Illinois Indians. 
 Among them he was found by Iberville in 1700, 
 as a luinter and fur-trader. He died, in Mobile, 
 in September, 1704. He was La Salle's most effi- 
 cient coadjutor, and next to his ill-fated leader, 
 did more than any other of the early French 
 explorers to make Illinois known to the civilized 
 world. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. Illinois is, generally speak- 
 ing, an elevated table-land. If low water at 
 Cairo be adopted as the maximum depression, and 
 the summits of the two ridges hereinafter men- 
 tioned as the highest points of elevation, the alti- 
 tude of this table land above the sea-level varies 
 from 300 to 850 feet, the mean elevation being 
 about 600 feet. The State has no mountain 
 chains, and its few hills are probably the result 
 of unequal denudation during tlie drift epoch. 
 In some localities, particularly in the valley of 
 the upper Mississippi, the streams have cut 
 channels from 300 to 300 feet deep through the 
 nearly horizontal strata, and here are found pre- 
 cipitous scarps, but, for the most part, the 
 fundamental rocks are covered by a thick layer 
 of detrital material. In the northwest there is a 
 broken tract of uneven ground; the central por- 
 
526 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 tion of the State is almost wholly flat prairie, 
 and, in the alluvial lands in the State, there are 
 many deep valleys, eroded by the action of 
 streams. The surface generally slopes toward 
 the south and southwest, but the uniformity is 
 broken by two ridges, which cross the State, one 
 in either extremity. The northern ridge crosses 
 the Rock River at Grand Detour and the Illinois 
 at Split Rock, with an extreme altitude of 800 to 
 850 feet above sea-level, though the altitude of 
 Jlount Morris, in Ogle County, exceeds 900 feet. 
 That in the south consists of a range of hills in 
 the latitude of Jonesboro, and extending from 
 Shawneetown to Grand Tower. These hills are 
 also about 800 feet above the level of the ocean. 
 The highest point in the State is in Jo Daviess 
 County, just south of the Wisconsin State line 
 (near Scale's Mound) reaching an elevation of 
 1,257 feet above sea-level, while the highest in 
 the south is in the northeast corner of Pope 
 County — 1,046 feet — a spur of the Ozark moun- 
 tains. The following statistics regarding eleva- 
 tions are taken from a report of Prof. C. W. 
 Rolfe, of the University of Illinois, based on 
 observations made under the auspices of the Illi- 
 nois Board of World's Fair Commissioners; The 
 lowest gauge of the Ohio river, at its mouth 
 (above sea- level), is 268.58 feet, and the mean 
 level of Lake Michigan at Chicago 581.28 feet. 
 The altitudes of a few prominent points are as 
 follows: Highest point in Jackson County, 695 
 feet; "Bald Knob" in Union County, 985; high- 
 est point in Cook County (Barrington), 818; in La 
 Salle County (Mendota), 747; in Livingston 
 (Strawn), 770; in Will (Monee), 804; in Pike 
 (Arden), 790; in Lake (Lake Zurich), 880; in 
 Bureau, 910; in Boone, 1,010; in Lee (Carnahan), 
 1,017; in Stephenson (Waddam's Grove), 1,018; 
 in Kane (Briar Hill). 974; in Winnebago, 985. 
 The elevations of important towns are: Peoria, 
 465; Jacksonville, 602; Springfield, 596; Gales- 
 burg, 755; Joliet. 537; Rockford, 728; Blooming- 
 ton, 821. Outside of tiie immediate valleys of 
 the streams, and a, few isolated groves or copses, 
 little timlx»r is found in the northern and central 
 portions of tlie State, and sucli growth as there 
 is, lacks the tliriftiness characteristic of tlie for- 
 ests in the Ohio valley. Tliese forests cover a 
 l>elt extending some sixty miles north of Cairo, 
 and, wliile tliej- generally iii('lud(! few coniferous 
 trees, they abiumd in various si)ec;ies of oak, 
 blarrk and wliite walnut, wliite and yellow poj)- 
 lar. fish, elm, sugar rnaple, linden, honey locrust, 
 cotton wfxjd, irn'll)"rry, sycamore, pe(!an, persim- 
 mon, and (in tlie immediate valley of the Ohio) 
 
 the cypress. From a commercial point of view, 
 Illinois loses nothing through the lack of timber 
 over three-fourths of the State's area. Chicago 
 is an accessible market for the product of the 
 forests of the upper lakes, so that the supply of 
 lumber is ample, while extensive coal-fields sup- 
 ply abundant fuel. The rich soil of the prairies, 
 with its abundance of organic matter (see Geo- 
 logical Formations) , more than compensates for 
 the want of pine forests, whose soil is ill adapted 
 to agriculture. About two-thirds of the entire 
 boundary of the State consists of navigable 
 waters. These, with their tributary streams, 
 ensure sufficient drainage. 
 
 TORRENS LAiND TITLE SYSTEM. A system 
 for the registration of titles to, and incumbrances 
 upon, land, as well as transfers thereof, intended 
 to remove all unnecessary obstructions to the 
 cheap, simple and safe sale, acquisition and 
 transfer of realty. The system has been in suc- 
 cessful operation in Canada, Australia, New Zea- 
 land and British Columbia for many years, and 
 it is also in force in some States in the American 
 Union. An act providing for its introduction 
 into Illinois was first passed by the Twenty- 
 ninth General Assembly, and approved, June 13, 
 1895. The final legislation in reference thereto 
 was enacted by the succeeding Legislature, and 
 was approved, May 1, 1897. It is far more elabo- 
 rate in its consideration of details, and is believed 
 to be, in many respects, much better adapted to 
 accomplish the ends in view, than was the origi- 
 nal act of 1895. The law is applicable onlj' to 
 counties of the first and second class, and can be 
 adopted in no county except by a vote of a 
 majority of the qualified voters of the same — the 
 vote "for" or "against" to be taken at either the 
 November or April elections, or at an election 
 for the choice of Judges. Thus far the only 
 county to adopt the sj'stem has been Cook, and 
 there it encountered strong opposition on the 
 jiart of certain i)arties of influence and wealth. 
 After its adoption, a test case was brouglit, rais- 
 ing the (juestion of the constitutionality of the 
 act. The issue was taken to the Supreme Court, 
 which tribunal finally upli,eld tl»e law. —The 
 Torrens system substitutes a certificate of regis- 
 tration and of transfer for the more elaborate 
 deeds and mortgages in use for oenturies. Under 
 it th(>re can be no actual transfer of <a title until 
 the same is entered upon the ])ublic land regis- 
 ter, kept in tlio office of tlm Registrar, in which 
 case the deed or mortgage bo(H)mes a men^ pow(!r 
 of attorney to authorize the transfer to bo made, 
 u|)()M tiic ])rinciple of an ordinary stotdc transfer, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 527 
 
 or of the registration of a United States bond, 
 the actual transfer and public notice thereof 
 being siniultaneoiis. A brief synopsis of the pro- 
 visions of the Illinois statute is given below: 
 Recorders of deeds are made Registrars, and 
 required to give bonds of either §50,000 or $200,- 
 000, according to the population of the county. 
 Any person or corporation, having an interest in 
 land, may make application to any court having 
 chancery jurisdiction, to have his title thereto 
 registered. Such application must be in writ- 
 ing, signed and verified by oath, and< must con- 
 form, in matters of specification and detail, with 
 the requirements of the act. The court may refer 
 the application to one of the standing examiners 
 appointed by the Registrar, who are required to 
 be competent attorneys and to give bond to ex- 
 amine into the title, as well as the truth of the 
 applicant's statements. Immediately upon the 
 fiUng of the application, notice thereof is given 
 by the clerk, through publication and the issuance 
 of a summons to be served, as in other proceed- 
 ings in chancery, against all persons mentioned 
 in the petition as having or claiming any inter- 
 est in the property described. Any person inter- 
 ested, whether named as a defendant or not, may 
 enter an appearance within the time allowed. A 
 failure to enter an appearance is regarded as a 
 confession by default. The court, in passing 
 upon the application, is in no case bound by the 
 examiner's report, but may require other and 
 further proof ; and, in its final adjudication, passes 
 upon all questions of title and incumbrance, 
 directing the Registrar to register the title in the 
 party in whom it is to be vested, and making 
 provision as to the manner and order in which 
 incumbrances thereon shall appear upon the 
 certificate to be issued. An appeal may be 
 allowed to the Supreme Court, if prayed at the 
 time of entering the decree, upon like terms as 
 in other cases in chancery; and a writ of error 
 may be sued out from that tribunal within two 
 years after the entry of the order or decree. 
 The period last mentioned may be said to be the 
 statutory period of limitation, after which the 
 decree of the court must be regarded as final, 
 although safeguards are provided for those who 
 may have been defrauded, and for a few other 
 classes of persons. Upon the filing of the order 
 or decree of the court, it becomes the duty of the 
 Registrar to issue a certificate of title, the form 
 of which is prescribed bj^ the act, making such 
 notations at the end as shall show and preserve 
 the priorities of all estates, mortgages, incum- 
 brances and changes to which the owner's title is 
 
 subject. For the purpose of preserving evidence 
 of the owner's han:lwriting, a receipt for the 
 certificate, duly witnessed or acknowledged, is 
 required of him, which is preserved in the Regis- 
 trar's oSice. In case any registered owner 
 should desire to transfer the whole or any part of 
 his estate, or any interest therein, he is required 
 to execute a conveyance to the transferee, which, 
 together with the certificate of title last issued, 
 must be surrendered to the Registrar. That 
 official thereupon issues a new certificate, stamp- 
 ing the word "cancelled" across the surrendered 
 certificate, as well as upon the corresponding 
 entry in his books of record. When land is first 
 brought within the operation of the act, the 
 receiver of the certificate of title is required to 
 pay to the Registrar one-tenth of one per cent of 
 the value of the land, the aggregate so received 
 to be deposited with and invested by the County 
 Treasurer, and re.serA'ed as an indemnity fund 
 for the reimbursement of persons sustaining any 
 loss through any omission, mistake or malfea- 
 sance of the Registrar or his subordinates. The 
 advantage claimed for the Torrens system is, 
 chiefly, that titles registered thereunder can be 
 dealt with more safely, quickly and inexpensively 
 than under the old system ; it being possible to 
 close the entire transaction within an hour or 
 two, without the need of an abstract of title, 
 while (as the law is administered in Cook County) 
 the cost of transfer is only §3. It is asserted that 
 a title, once registered, can be dealt with almost 
 as quickly and cheaply, and quite as safely, as 
 shares of stock or registered bonds. 
 
 TOULON, the county-seat of Stark County, on 
 the Peoria & Rock Island Railroad, 37 miles north- 
 northwest of Peoria, and 11 miles southeast of 
 Galva. Besides the county court- house, the town 
 has five churches and a high school, an academy, 
 steam granite works, two banks, and two weekly 
 papers. Population (1880), 967; (1890), 945; (1900), 
 1,057. 
 
 TOWER HILL, a village of Shelby County, on 
 the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Cliicago & St. Louis 
 and the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Rail- 
 roads, 7 miles east of Pana; has bank, grain ele- 
 vators, and coal mine. Pop. (1900), 615. 
 
 TOWNSHEND, Richard W., lawyer and Con- 
 gressman, was born in Prince George's County, 
 Md., April 30, 1840. Between the ages of 10 
 and 18 he attended public and private schools 
 at Washington, D. C. In 1858 he came to 
 Illinois, where he began teaching, at the same 
 time reading law with S. S. Marshall, at Mc- 
 Leansboro, where he was admitted to the bar 
 
528 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 in 1862, and where he began practice. From 1863 
 to 1868 he was Circuit Clerk of Hamilton County, 
 and, from 1868 to 1872, Prosecuting Attorney for 
 the Twelfth Judicial Circuit. In 1873 he removed 
 to Shawueetown, where he became an officer of 
 the Gallatin National Bank. From 1L64 to 1875 
 he was a member of the Democratic State Cen- 
 tral Committee, and a delegate to the National 
 Democratic Convention at Baltimore, in 1872. 
 For twelve years (1877 to 1889) he represented 
 his District in Congress; was re-elected in 1888, 
 but died, March 9, 1889, a few days after the 
 beginning of his seventh term. 
 
 TRACY, John M., artist, was born in Illinois 
 about 1842; served in an Illinois regiment during 
 the Civil War; studied painting in Paris in 
 1866-76.; established himself as a portrait painter 
 in St. Louis and, later, won a high reputation as 
 a painter of animals, being regarded as an author- 
 ity on the anatomj' of the horse and the dog. 
 Died, at Ocean Springs, Miss., March 20, 1893. 
 
 TREASURERS. (See State Treasurers.) 
 
 TREAT, Samuel Hubbel, lawyer and jurist, 
 was born at Plainfield, Otsego County, N. Y., 
 June 21, 1811, worked on his father's farm and 
 studied law at Richfield, where he was admitted 
 to practice. In 1834 he came to Springfield, 111., 
 traveling most of the way on foot. Here he 
 formed a partnership with George Forquer, who 
 had held the offices of Secretary of State and 
 Attorney-General. In 1839 he was appointed a 
 Circuit Judge, and, on the reorganization of the 
 Supreme Court in 1841, was elevated to the 
 Supreme bench, being acting Chief Justice at the 
 time of the adoption of the Constitution of 1848. 
 Having been elected to the Supreme bench xmder 
 the new Constitution, he remained in office until 
 March, 18o5, when lie resigned to take the posi- 
 tion of Judge of the United States District Court 
 for tlie Southern District of Illinois, to which he 
 liad Ix'en appointed by President Pierce. This 
 position he continued to (jccupy until his death, 
 wliich occurred at Si)ringlield, JIarch 27, 1887. 
 Judge Treat's judicial career was one of the long- 
 est in tlie history of the State, covering a period 
 of forty-eiglit years, of wliich fourteen were 
 Kjwnt uj)on the Supreme bench, and thirty-two 
 in tlie position of Judge of the United States Dis- 
 trict Court. 
 
 TREATIES. {^i-A-.dreem-illv, Treiiluof; IikIIiiii 
 TrtatifH.) 
 
 TREE, Eanibcrt, juri.st, diplomat and ex-('on- 
 j^essMiaii, wa.s born in Wasliington, I), i'., Nov. 
 29, lM:i2, of an imr-estry (listiiigiiisbcd in the War 
 of the Revolution. He received a superior clas- 
 
 sical and professional education, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar, at Washington, in October, 185-5. 
 Removing to Chicago soon afterward, his profes- 
 sional career has been chiefly connected with 
 that cit}'. In 1864 he was chosen President of 
 the Law Institute, and served as Judge of the 
 Circuit Court of Cook County, from 1870 to 1875, 
 when he resigned. The three following years he 
 spent in foreign travel, returning to Chicago in 
 1878. In that year, and again in 1880, he was 
 the Democratic candidate for Congress from the 
 Fourtli Illinois District, but was defeated by his 
 Republican opponent. In 1885 he was the candi- 
 date of his i^arty for United States Senator, but 
 was defeated by John A. Logan, by one vote. In 
 1884 he was a member of the National Democratic 
 Convention which first nominated Grover Cleve- 
 land, and, in July, 1885, President Cleveland 
 appointed him Minister to Belgium, conferring 
 the Russian mission upon him in September, 1888. 
 On March 3, 1889, he resigned this post and 
 returned home. In 1890 he was ajjpointed by 
 President Harrison a Commissioner to the Inter- 
 national Monetary Conference at Washington. 
 The year before he had attended (altliough not as 
 a delegate) the International Conference, at Brus- 
 sels, looking to the suppression of the slave-trade, 
 where he exerted all his influence on the side of 
 humanity. In 1892 Belgium conferred upon him 
 the distinction of "Councillor of Honor"' upon its 
 commission to the World's Columbian Exposi- 
 tion. In 1896 Judge Tree was one of the most 
 earnest op])onents of the free-silver policy, and, 
 after the Spanish- American War, a zealous advo- 
 cate of the policy of retaining the territory 
 acquired from Spain. 
 
 TREMONT, a town of Tazewell County, on the 
 Peoria Division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, 
 Chicago & St. Louis Railway, 9 miles southeast 
 of Pekin; has two banks, two telephone 
 exchanges, and one newspaper. Pop. (1900), 768. 
 
 TRENTON, a town of Clinton County, on the 
 Baltimore & Oluo Southwestern Railway, 31 miles 
 east of St. Louis; in agricultural district; has 
 creamery, milk condensery, two coal mines, six 
 cliur(!hes, a public scdiool and one news])aper 
 Pop. (1890), 1,384; (1900), 1,706; (1904), about 2,000. 
 
 TROY, a village of Madison County, on the 
 Terre Haute & Indiana))olis railroad, 21 miles 
 northeast of St. Loui.' ; has churches, a bank and 
 a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 1,080. 
 
 TRIJITT, James Madison, lawyer and .soldier, 
 a native of Trimble County, Ky., was born Feb. 
 12, 1H)2, l)ut lived in Illinois since 1843, liis father 
 lia\iiig .sctticil n(!ar Carrolltoii tliat year; was 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 529 
 
 educated at Hillsboro and at McKendree College ; 
 enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventeenth 
 Illinois Volunteers in 1863, and was promoted 
 from the ranks to Lieutenant. After the war he 
 studied law with Jesse J. Phillips, now of the 
 Supreme Court, and, in 1872, was elected to the 
 Twenty -eighth General Assembly, and, in 1888, a 
 Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket. 
 Mr. Truitt has been twice a prominent but unsuc- 
 cessful candidate for the Republican nomination 
 for Attorney-General. His home is at Hillsboro, 
 where he is engaged in the practice of his profes- 
 sion. Died July 26, 1900. 
 
 TRUMBULL, Lyman, statesman, was born at 
 Colchester, Conn., Oct. 12, 1813, descended from 
 a historical family, being a grand-nephew of 
 Gov. Jonathan Trumbull, of Connecticut, from 
 whom the name "Brother Jonathan" was derived 
 as an appellation for Americans. Having received 
 an academic education in his native town, at the 
 age of 16 he began teaching a district school near 
 his home, went Soutli four years later, and en- 
 gaged in teaching at Greenville, Ga. Here he 
 studied law with Judge Hiram Warner, after- 
 wards of the Supreme Court, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1837. Leaving Georgia the same year, he 
 came to Illinois on horseback, visiting Vandalia, 
 Belleville, Jacksonville, Springfield, Tremont and 
 La Salle, and finally reaching Chicago, then a 
 village of four or five thousand inhabitants. At 
 Jacksonville he obtained a license to practice 
 from Judge Lockwood, and, after visiting Michi- 
 gan and his native State, he settled at Belleville, 
 which continued to be his home for twenty years. 
 His entrance into public life began with his elec- 
 tion as Representative in the General Assembly 
 in 1840. This was followed, in February, 1841, 
 by his appointment by Governor Carlin, Secre- 
 tary of State, as the successor of Stephen A. 
 Douglas, who, after holding the position only two 
 months, had resigned to accept a seat on the 
 Supreme bench. Here he remained two years, 
 when he was removed by Governor Ford, March 
 4, 1843, but, five years later (1848), was elected a 
 Justice of the Supreme Court, was re-elected in 
 1852, but resigned in 18.'53 on account of impaired 
 health. A year later (1854) he was elected to 
 Congress from the Belleville District as an anti- 
 Nebraska Democrat, but, before taking his seat, 
 was promoted to the United States Senate, as the 
 si\ccessor of General Shields in the memorable con- 
 test of 1855, which resulted in the defeat of Abra- 
 ham Lincoln. Senator Trumbull's career of 
 eighteen years in the United States Senate (being 
 re-elected in 1861 and 1867) is one of the most 
 
 memorable in the history of that body, covering, 
 as it does, the whole history of the war for the 
 Union, and the period of reconstruction which 
 . followed it. During this period, as Chairman of 
 the Senate Committee on Judiciary, he had more 
 to do in shaping legislation on war and recon- 
 struction measures than any other single member 
 of that body. While he disagreed with a large 
 majority of his Republican associates on the ques- 
 tion of Andrew Johnson's impeachment, he was 
 always found in sympathy with them on the vital 
 questions affecting the war and restoration of the 
 Union. The Civil Rights Bill and Freedmen's 
 Bureau Bills were shaped by his hand. In 1872 
 he joined in the "'Liberal RepubUcan" movement 
 and afterwards co-operated with the Democratic 
 party, being their candidate for Governor in 
 1880. From 1863 his home was in Chicago, 
 where, after retiring from the Senate, he con- 
 tinued in the practice of liis profession until his 
 death, which occurred in that city, June 25, 1896. 
 
 TUG MILLS. These were a sort of i)riniitive 
 machine used in grinding corn in Territorial and 
 early State daj's. The mechanism consisted of an 
 upright shaft, into the upper end of which were 
 fastened bars, resembling those in the capstan of 
 a ship. Into the outer end of eacli of these bars 
 was driven a pin. A belt, made of a broad strip 
 of ox-hide, twisted into a sort of rope, was 
 stretched around these pins and wrapped twice 
 around a circular piece of wood called a trundle 
 head, through which passed a perpendicular flat 
 bar of iron, which turned the millstone, usually 
 about eighteen inches in diameter. From the 
 upright shaft projected a beam, to which were 
 hitched one or two horses, wliicli furnislied the 
 motive power. Oxen were sometimes employed 
 as motive power in lieu of liorses. These rudi- 
 mentary contrivances were capable of grinding 
 about twelve bushels of corn, each, per day. 
 
 TULEY, Murray Floyd, lawyer and jurist, was 
 born at Louisville, Ky., March 4, 1827, of English 
 extraction and descended from the early settlers 
 of Virginia. His father died in 1832, and, eleven 
 years later, his mother, having married Col. 
 Richard J. Hamilton, for many years a prominent 
 lawyer of Chicago, removed with her family to 
 that city. Young Tuley began reading law with 
 his step-father and completed his studies at the 
 Louisville Law Institute in 1847, the same year 
 being admitted to the bar in Chicago. About the 
 same time he enlisted in the Fifth Illinois Volun- 
 teers for service in the Mexican War, and was 
 commissioned First Lieutenant. The war having 
 ended, he settled at Santa Fe, N. M., where he 
 
530 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 practiced law, also served as Attorney-General 
 and in the Territorial Legislature. Returning to 
 Chicago in 1854, he was associated in practice, 
 successively, with Andrew Harvie, Judge Gary 
 and J. X. Barker, and finally as head of the firm 
 of Tuley, Stiles & Lewis. From 1869 to 1873 he 
 was Corporajiion Counsel, and during this time 
 framed the General Incorporation Act for Cities, 
 under which the City of Chicago was reincor- 
 porated. In 1879 he was elevated to the bench 
 of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and re- 
 elected every six years thereafter, his last election 
 being in 1897. He is now serving his fourth 
 term, some ten years of his incumbency having 
 been spent in the capacity of Chief Justice. 
 
 TIINMCLIFFE, Damon G., lawyer and jurist, 
 was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., August 20, 
 1829 ; at the age of 20, emigrated to Illinois, set- 
 tling in Vermont, Fulton County, where, for a 
 time, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. He 
 subsequentl}' studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1853. In 1854 he established himself 
 at Macomb, McDonough County, where he built 
 up a large and lucrative practice. In 1868 he 
 was chosen Presidential Elector on the Repub- 
 lican ticket, and, from February to June, 1885, 
 by appointment of Governor Oglesby, occupied a 
 seat on the bench of the Supreme Court, vice 
 Pinkney H. Walker, deceased, who had been one 
 of his first professional preceptors. 
 
 TURCHIN, John Basil (Ivan Vasilevitch Tur- 
 chinoff), soldier, engineer and author, was born 
 in Russia, Jan. 30, 1822. He graduated from the 
 artillery school at St. Petersburg, in 1841, and 
 was commissioned <bnsign ; i)articipated in the 
 Hungarian campaign of 1849, and, in 1852, was 
 assigned to the staff of the Imperial Guards; 
 served through the Crimean' War, rising to the 
 rank of Colonel, and being made senior staff 
 officer of the active corps. In 1856 he came to 
 this country, settling in Chicago, and, for five 
 years, was in the service of the Illinois Central 
 Railway Company as topograpliical engineer. In 
 1861 he was commissioned Colonel of the Nine- 
 teenth Illinois Volunteers, and, after leading his 
 regiment in Missouri, Kentucky and Alabama, 
 was, on July 7, 1862, j)romoted to a Brigadier- 
 Generalship, being attac^lied to the Army of the 
 Cumlj<;rland until 1861, when he resigned. After 
 the war he w;is, for six years, solicitor of patents 
 at Cliicago, l)ut, in 1873, returned to eiigiiiccriug. 
 In 1879 lie cstablishtMl a Poiisli (colony at Kadoin, 
 in Washington County, in this State, and settleil 
 an a farmer. lie is an occasional contriliutor to 
 Uieprewj, writing usually on military or scicintific 
 
 subjects, and is tlie autlior of tlie "Campaign and 
 Battle of Chickamauga" (Chicago, 1888). 
 
 TURNER (now WEST CHIC.VGO), a town and 
 manufacturing center in Winfield Township, Du 
 Page County, 30 miles west of Chicago, at the 
 junction of two divisions of the Chicago, Burling- 
 ton & Quincy, the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern and the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroads. The town 
 has a roUingniill, manufactories of wagons and 
 pumps, and railroad repair shops. It also has five 
 churches, a graded school, and two newspapers. 
 Pop. (1900), 1,877; with suburb, 2,270. 
 
 TURNER, (Col.) Henry L., soldier and real- 
 estate opei'ator, was born at Oberlin, Ohio, 
 August 26, 1845, and received a part of his edu- 
 cation in the college there. During the Civil 
 War he served as First Lieutenant in the One 
 Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Volunteers, and 
 later, with the same rank in a colored regiment, 
 taking part in the operations about Richmond, 
 the capture of Fort Fisher, of Wilmington and of 
 Gen. Joe Johnston's army. Coming to Chi- 
 cago after the close of the war, he became con- 
 nected with the business office of "The Advance," 
 but later was employed in the banking house of 
 Jay Cooke & Co. , in Philadelphia. On the failure 
 of that concern, in 1872, he returned to Chicago 
 and bought "The Advance," which he conducted 
 some two years, when he sold out and engaged in 
 the real estate busine.ss, with whicli he has since 
 been identified — being President of the Chicago 
 Real Estate Board in 1888. He has also been 
 President of the Western Publishing Company 
 and a Trustee of Oberlin College. Colonel Turner 
 is an enthusiastic member of the Illinois National 
 Guard and, on the declaration of war between the 
 United States and Spain, in April, 1898, promptly 
 resumed his connection with the First Regiment 
 of the Guard, and finally led it to Santiago de 
 Cuba during the lighting there — his regiment 
 being the only one from Illinois to see actual serv- 
 ice in the field during the i)rogress of the war. 
 Colonel Turner won the admiration of his com- 
 mand and the entire nation by the manner in 
 whicih he discharged his duty. The regiment 
 was mustered out at Chicago, Nov. 17, 1898, wheu 
 lie retired to private life. 
 
 TURNER, John Hico, Railway President, was 
 born at Colchester, Delaware County, N. Y., Jan. 
 14, 1799; after a brief business career in his 
 native State, he became idenfified witli the con- 
 struction and operation of railroads. Among the 
 works witli which ho was thus (connected, weio 
 tli(! Delaware Division of tlie New York <t Erio 
 and tlie Troy & Sc^lienectady Roads. In 1HI3 he 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 531 
 
 came to Chicago, having previously purchased a 
 large body of land at Blue Island. In 1847 he 
 joined with W. B. Ogden and others, in resusci- 
 tating the Galena & Chicago Union Railway, 
 which had been incorporated in 1836. He became 
 President of the Company in 1850, and assisted in 
 constructing various sections of road in Northern 
 Illinois and Wisconsin, which have since become 
 portions of the Chicago & Northwestern system. 
 He was also one of the original Directors of the 
 North Side Street Railway Company, organized 
 in 1859. Died, Feb. 26, 1871. 
 
 TURNER, Jonathan Baldwin, educator and 
 agriculturist, was born in Templeton, Mass., Dec. 
 7, 1805 ; grew up on a farm and, before reaching 
 his majority, began teaching in a country school. 
 After spending a short time in an academy at 
 Salem, in 1827 he entered the preparatory depart- 
 ment of Yale College, supporting himself, in part, 
 by manual labor and teaching in a gymnasium. 
 In 1829 he matriculated in the classical depart- 
 ment at Yale, graduated in 1833, and the same 
 year accepted a position as tutor in Illinois Col- 
 lege at Jacksonville, 111., which had been opened, 
 three years previous, by the late Dr. J. M. Sturte- 
 vant. In the next fourteen years he gave in- 
 struction in nearly every branch embraced iii the 
 college curriculum, though holding, during most 
 of this period, the chair of Rhetoric and English 
 Literature. In 1847 he retired from college 
 duties to give attention to scientific agriculture, 
 in which lie had always manifested a deep inter- 
 est. The cultivation and sale of the Osage orange 
 as a hedge plant now occupied his attention for 
 many years, and its successful introduction in 
 Illinois and other Western States — where the 
 absence of timber rendered some substitute a 
 necessity for fencing purposes — was largely due 
 to his efforts. At the same time he took a deep 
 interest in the cause of practical scientific edu- 
 cation for the industrial classes, and, about 1850, 
 began formulating that system of industrial edu- 
 cation which, after twelve j-ears of labor and 
 agitation, he had the satisfaction of seeing 
 recognized in the act adopted by Congress, and 
 approved by President Lincoln, in July, 1862, 
 making liberal donations of public lands for the 
 establishment of "Industrial Colleges"' in the 
 several States, out of which grew the University 
 of Illinois at Champaign. While Professor Tur- 
 ner had zealous colaborers in this field, in Illinois 
 and elsewhere, to him, more than to any other 
 single man in the Nation, belongs the credit for 
 this magnificent achievement. (See Education, 
 and University of Illinois.) He was also one of 
 
 the chief factors in founding and building up 
 the Illinois State Teachers' Association, and the 
 State Agricultural and Horticultural Societies. 
 His address on "The jNIillennium of Labor," 
 delivered at the first State Agricultural Fair at 
 Springfield, in 1853, is still remembered as mark- 
 ing an era in industrial pi'ogress in Illinois. A 
 zealous champion of free thought, in both political 
 and religious affairs, he long bore the reproach 
 which attached to the radical Abolitionist, only 
 to enjoy, in later years, the respect universally 
 accorded to those who had the courage and 
 independence to avow their honest convictions. 
 Prof. Turner was twice an unsuccessful candidate 
 for Congress — once as a Republican and once as 
 an "Independenf'^and wrote much on political, 
 religious and educational topics. The evening of 
 an honored and useful life was spent among 
 friends in Jacksonville, which was his home for 
 more than sixty years, his death taking place in 
 that city, Jan. 10, 1899, at the advanced age of 
 93 years.— Mrs. Mary Turner Carriel, at the pres- 
 ent time (1899) one of the Trustees of the Univer- 
 sity of Illinois, is Prof. Turner's only daughter. 
 
 TURNER, Thomas J., lawyer and Congress- 
 man, born in Trumbull County, Ohio, April 5, 
 1815. Leaving liome at the age of 18. he spent 
 three years in Indiana and in the mining dis- 
 tricts about Galena and in Southern Wisconsin, 
 locating in Stephenson County, in 1836, where he 
 was admitted to the bar in 1840, and elected 
 Probate Judge in 1841. Soon afterwards Gov- 
 ernor Ford appointed him Prosecuting Attorney, 
 in which capacity he secured the conviction and 
 punishment of the murderers of Colonel Daven- 
 port. In 1846 he was elected to Congress as a 
 Democrat, and, the following year, founded "The 
 Prairie Democrat" (afterward "The Freeport 
 Bulletin"), the first newspaper published in tlie 
 county. Elected to the Legislature in 1854, he 
 was chosen Speaker of the House, the next j^ear 
 becoming the first flavor of Freeport. He was a 
 member of the Peace Conference of 1861, and, in 
 May of that year, was commissioned, bj^ Governor 
 Yates, Colonel of the Fifteenth Illinois Volim- 
 teers, but resigned in 1862. He served as a mem- 
 ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, 
 and, in 1871, was again elected to the Legisla- 
 ture, where he received the Democratic caucus 
 nomination for United States Senator against 
 General Logan. In 1871 he removed to Chicago, 
 and was twice an unsuccessful candidate for the 
 office of State's Attorney. In February, 1874, he 
 went to Hot Springs, Ark. , for medical treatment, 
 and died there, April 3 following. 
 
532 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 XrSCOLA, a city and the county-seat of 
 Douglas Countj', located at the intersection of the 
 Illinois Central and two other trunk lines of rail- 
 way, 22 miles south of Champaign, and 36 miles 
 east of Decatur. Besides a brick court-house it 
 has five churches, a graded school, a national 
 bank, two weekly newspapers and two establish- 
 ments for the manufacture of carriages and 
 wagons Population (1880), 1,457; (1890), 1,897; 
 (1900), 2,569. 
 
 TUSCOLA, CHARLESTON & YINCENNES 
 RAILROAD. (See Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas 
 City Bail road.) 
 
 TUTHILL, Richard Stanley, jurist, was born 
 at Vergennes, Jackson County, 111., Nov. 10, 1841. 
 After passing through the common schools of his 
 native countj", he took a prej)aratoiy course in a 
 high school at St. Louis and in Illinois College, 
 Jacksonville, when he entered Middlebury Col- 
 lege, Vt., graduating there in 1863. Immediately 
 thereafter he joined the Federal army at Vicks- 
 burg, and, after serving for some time in a com- 
 panj' of scouts attached to General Logan's 
 command, was commissioned a Lieutenant in the 
 First lilichigan Light Artillery, with which he 
 served until the close of the war, meanwhile 
 being twice promoted. During this time he was 
 with General Sherman in the march to Meridian, 
 and in the Atlanta campaign, also took part with 
 General Thomas in the operations against the 
 rebel General Hood in Tennessee, and in the 
 battle of Nashville. Having resigned his com- 
 mission in May, 1865, he took up the study of 
 law, which he had prosecuted as he had opportu- 
 nity while in the army, and was admitted to the 
 bar at Nashville in 1866, afterwards serving for 
 a time as Prosecuting Attorney on the Nashville 
 circuit. In 1873 he removed to Chicago, two 
 years later was elected City Attorney and re- 
 elected in 1877 ; was a delegate to the Republican 
 National Convention of 1880 and, in 1884, was 
 apjKjinted United States District Attorney for 
 the Northern Distri<;t, serving until 1886. In 
 1887 he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court of 
 Cook County to fill tlie vacanc;y caused by the 
 death of Judge Rogers, was re-elected for a full 
 term in 1*^01, and again in 1897. 
 
 TYXDALE, Sharon, Secretary of State, born in 
 Philadeli)hia, Pa., Jan. 19, 1816; at the age of 17 
 came to IJelleville, III., and was <!ngag<i(l for a 
 time in mercantile business, later b(!iiig(!iiiployed 
 in H surveyor's f;orpH under tlu; internal ini|)rov(!- 
 nierit syHtem of 1837. Having niarriiMi in 183!), 
 he returned Hfjon after to Philadcdfdiia, wh(;re ho 
 engaged in mercantile business with his father; 
 
 then came to Illinois, a second time, in 1845, spend- 
 ing a year or two in business at Peoria. About 
 1847 he returned to Belleville and entered upon a 
 course of mathematical study, with a view to 
 fitting himself more thoroughly for the profession 
 of a civil engineer. In 1851 he graduated in 
 engineering at Cambridge, Mass. , after which he 
 was employed for a time on the Sunbury & Erie 
 Railroad, and later on certain Illinois railroads. 
 In 1857 he was elected County Surveyor of St. 
 Clair County, and, in 1861, by appointment of 
 President Lincoln, became Postmaster of the city 
 of Belleville. He held this po.sition until 1864, 
 when he received the Republican nomination for 
 Secretary of State and was elected, remaining in 
 oflice four years. He was an earnest advocate, 
 and virtually author, of the first act for the regis- 
 tration of voters in Illinois, passed at the session 
 of 1865. After retiring from office in 1869, he 
 continued to reside in Springfield, and was em- 
 ployed for a time in the survey of the Gilman, 
 Clinton & Springfield Railway — now the Spring- 
 field Division of the Illinois Central. At an early 
 hour on the morning of April 29, 1871, while 
 going from his home to the railroad station at 
 Springfield, to take the train for St. Louis, he was 
 assassinated upon the street by shooting, as sup- 
 posed for the purpose of robbery — his dead body 
 being found a few hours later at the scene of the 
 tragedy. Mr. Tyndale was a brother of Gen. 
 Hector Tyndale of Pennsylvania, who won a 
 high reputation by his services during the war. 
 His second wife, who survived him, was a 
 daughter of Shadrach Penn, an editor of con- 
 siderable reputation who was the contemporary 
 and rival of George D. Prentice at Louisville, for 
 some years. 
 
 "UNDERGROUND RAILROAD," THE. A 
 historjf of Illinois would be incomplete without 
 reference to the unique system which existed 
 there, as in other Northern States, from forty to 
 seventy years ago, known by the somewhat mys- 
 terious title of "The Undei'ground Railroad." 
 The origin of the term has been traced (probably 
 in a spirit of facetiousness) to the expression of 
 a Kentucky planter who, having pursued a fugi- 
 tive slave across the Ohio River, was so surprised 
 by his sudden disa])pearance, as soon as he had 
 reached the opposite shore, that he was led to 
 remark, "The nigger must have gone off" on an 
 niiilcrground road." From "undergroimd road" 
 ti) "underground railroad," the transition would 
 ap|)oar to have been easy, esi)ecially in view of 
 the increased facility with which the work was 
 performed when railroads rM\u) into use. For 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 533 
 
 readers of the present generation, it may be well 
 to explain what "The Underground Railroad" 
 really was. It may be defined as the figurative 
 appellation for a spontaneous movement in the 
 free States — extending, sometimes, into the 
 slave States themselves — to assist slaves in their 
 efforts to escape from bondage to freedom. The 
 movement dates back to a period close to the 
 Revolutionary War, long before it received a 
 definite name. Assistance given to fugitives 
 from one State by citizens of another, became a 
 cause of complaint almost as soon as the Govern- 
 ment was organized. In fact, the first President 
 himself lost a slave who took refuge at Ports- 
 mouth, N. H., where the public sentiment was 
 so strong against his return, that the patriotic 
 and philosophic "Father of his Country" chose 
 to let him remain unmolested, rather than "excite 
 a mob or riot, or even uneasy sensations, in the 
 minds of well-disposed citizens." That the mat- 
 ter was already one of concern in the minds of 
 slaveholders, is shown by the fact that a provision 
 was inserted in the Constitution for their concili- 
 ation, guaranteeing the return of fugitives from 
 labor, as well as from justice, from one State to 
 another. 
 
 In 1793 Congress passed the first Fugitive Slave 
 Law, which was signed by President Washing- 
 ton. This law provided that the owner, his 
 agent or attorney, might follow the slave into 
 any State or Territory, and, upon oath or affi- 
 davit before a court or magistrate, be entitled 
 to a warrant for his return. Any person who 
 should hinder the arrest of the fugitive, or who 
 should harbor, aid or assist him, knowing him 
 to be such, was subject to a fine of §500 for each 
 offense. — In 1850, fifty-seven years later, the first 
 act having proved inefficacious, or conditions 
 having changed, a second and more stringent 
 law was enacted. This is the one usually referred 
 to in discussions of the subject. It provided for 
 an increased fine, not to exceed $1,000, and im- 
 prisonment not exceeding six months, with 
 liability for civil damages to the party injured. 
 No proof of ownership was required beyond the 
 statement of a claimant, and the accused was not 
 permitted to testify for himself. The fee of the 
 United States Commissioner, before whom the 
 case was tried, was ten dollars if he found for 
 the claimant; if not, five dollars. This seemed 
 to many an indirect form of bribery ; clearly, it 
 made it to the Judge's pecuniary advantage to 
 decide in favor of the claimant. The law made 
 it possible and easy for a white man to arrest, 
 and carry into slavery, any free negro who could 
 
 not immediately prove, by other witnesses, that 
 he was born free, or had purchased his freedom. 
 
 Instead of discouraging the disposition, on 
 the part of the opponents of slavery, to aid fugi- 
 tives in their efforts to reach a region where 
 they would be secure in their freedom, the effect 
 of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 (as that of 1793 
 had been in a smaller degree) was the very oppo- 
 site of that intended by its authors — unless, 
 indeed, they meant to make matters worse. The 
 provisions of the act seemed, to many people, so 
 unfair, so one-sided, that they rebelled in spirit 
 and refused to be made parties to its enforce- 
 ment. The law aroused the anti-slavery senti- 
 ment of the North, and stimulated the active 
 friends of the fugitives to take greater risks in 
 their behalf. New efforts on the part of the 
 slaveholders were met by a determination to 
 evade, hinder and nullify the law. 
 
 And here a strange anomaly is presented. The 
 slaveholder, in attempting to recover his slave, 
 was acting within his constitutional and legal 
 rights. The slave was his property in law. He 
 had purchased or inherited his bondman on the 
 same plane with his horse or his land, and, apart 
 from the riglit to hold a human being in bond- 
 age, regarded his legal rights to the one as good 
 as the other. From a legal standpoint his posi- 
 tion was impregnable. The slave was his, repre- 
 senting so much of money value, and whoever 
 was instrumental in the loss of that slave was, 
 both theoretically and technically, a partner in 
 robbery. Therefore he looked on "The Under- 
 ground Railway" as the work of thieves, and en- 
 tertained bitter hatred toward all concerned in its 
 operation. On tlie other hand, men who were, 
 in all other respects, good citizens — often relig- 
 iously devout and pillars of the church — became 
 bold and flagrant violators of the law in relation 
 to this sort of property. They set at nought a 
 plain provision of the Constitution and the act of 
 Congress for its enforcement. Without hope of 
 personal gain or reward, at the risk of fine and 
 imprisonment, with the certainty of social ostra- 
 cism and bitter opposition, they harbored the 
 fugitive and helped him forward on eveiy 
 occasion. And why? Because they saw in him 
 a man, with the same inherent right to "life, 
 liberty and the pursuit of happiness" that they 
 themselves possessed. To them this was a higher 
 law than any Legislature, State or National, could 
 enact. They denied that there could be truly 
 such a thing as property in man. Believing that 
 the law violated human rights, they justified 
 themselves in rendering it null and void. 
 
534 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 For the most part, the "Underground Rail- 
 road" operators and promoters were plain, 
 obsciu'e men, without hoj)e of fame or desire for 
 notoriety. Yet there were some wliose names 
 are conspicuous in history, such as Wendell 
 Phillips, Thomas Wentworth Higginson and 
 Theodore Parker of Massachusetts ; Gerrit Smith 
 and Thurlow Weed of New York; Joshua R. 
 Giddings of Ohio, and Owen Lovejoy of Illinois. 
 These had their followers and sympathizers in 
 all the Northern States, and even in some por- 
 tions of the South. It is a curious fact, that 
 some of the most active spirits connected with 
 the "Underground Railroad" were natives of the 
 South, or had resided there long enough to 
 become thoroughly acquainted with the "insti- 
 tution." Levi Coffin, who had the reputation of 
 being the "President of the Underground Rail- 
 road" — at least so far as the region west of the 
 Ohio was concerned — was an active operator on 
 the line in North Carolina before his removal 
 from that State to Indiana in 1826. Indeed, as a 
 system, it is claimed to have had its origin at 
 Guilford College, In the "Old North State" in 
 1819, though the evidence of this may not be 
 conclusive. 
 
 Owing to the peculiar nature of their business, 
 no official reports were made, no lists of officers, 
 conductors, station agents or operators preserved, 
 and few records kept which are now accessible. 
 Con.sequently, we are dependent chiefly upon the 
 personal recollection of individual operators for 
 a history of their transactions. Eacli station on 
 the road was the house of a "friend" and it is 
 significant, in this connection, that in every 
 settlement of Friends, or Quakers, there was 
 sure to be a house of refuge for the slave. For 
 this reason it was, perhaps, that one of the most 
 frequently traveled lines extended from Vir- 
 ginia and Maryland through Ea.stern Pennsyl- 
 vania, and then on towards New York or directly 
 to Canada. From the proximity of Ohio to 
 Virginia and Kentucky, and the fact that it 
 ofTered the shortest route tlirough free soil to 
 Canada, it was traversed by more lines than any 
 other State, although Indiana was pretty 
 thoroughly "grid-ironed" by roads to freedom. 
 In all. howev(!r, the routes were irregular, often 
 zigzag, for purposes of security, and the "con- 
 ductor" was any one who conveyed fugitives from 
 one station to another The "train" was .some- 
 times a farm-wagon, loaded with ])roduco for 
 market at W)me town (or depot) on tiie line, fr(>- 
 qnently a t^Uwed carriage, and it is ndatcid that 
 once, in Oliio, a number of carriages convoying 
 
 a large party, were made to represent a funeral 
 procession. Occasionally the train ran on foot, 
 for convenience of side-tracking into the woods 
 or a coi-nfield, in ca.se of pursuit by a wild loco- 
 motive. 
 
 Then, again, there were not wanting lawyers 
 who, in case the operator, conductor or station 
 agent got into trouble, were ready, without fee or 
 reward, to defend either him or his human 
 freight in the courts. These included such 
 names of national repute as Salmon P. Chase, 
 Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, William II. 
 Seward, Rutherford B. Hayes, Richard H. Dana, 
 and Isaac N. Arnold, while, taking the w^hole 
 country over, their "name was legion." And 
 there were a few men of wealth, like Thomas 
 Garrett of Delaware, willing to contribute money 
 by thousands to their assistance. Although 
 technically acting in violation of law — or, as 
 claimed by themselves, in obedience to a "higher 
 law" — tlie time has alreadj^ come when tliere is a 
 disposition to look upon the actors as, in a certain 
 sense, heroes, and their deeds as fitlj' belonging 
 to the field of romance. 
 
 The most comprehensive collection of material 
 relating to the history of this movement has 
 been furnished in a recent volume entitled, "The 
 Underground Railroad from Slavery to Free- 
 dom," by Prof. Wilbur H. Siebert, of Ohio State 
 University ; and, while it is not wholly free from 
 errors, both as to individual names and facts, it 
 will probably remain as the best compilation of 
 history bearing on this subject — especially as the 
 principal actors are fast passing away. One of 
 the interesting features of Prof. Siebert's book is 
 a map purporting to give the principal routes 
 and stations in the States northwest of the Ohio, 
 yet the accuracy of this, as well as the correct- 
 ness of personal names given, has been questioned 
 by some best informed on the subject. As 
 miglit be expected from its geograjjhical ])osition 
 between two slave States — Kentu(!ky and Wis- 
 souri — on the one hand, and the lakes offering a 
 liighway to Canada on the other, it is naturally 
 to be assumed that Illinois would be an attra(!t- 
 ive field, both for the fugitive and his sympa- 
 thizer. 
 
 The ])eriod of greatest activity of the system in 
 this State was between 1H4() and 18()1 — the latter 
 being the year wIkmi the jjro-slavcry i)arty in the 
 South, by thciir attempt f(>r('i4>ly to dis.solvo the 
 Union, took the business out of t>l\ri hands of the 
 secret ag(!nts of the "Underground Railroad," 
 and— in a certain sense — placed it in the hands 
 of the Union armies. It was in 1841 that Abra- 
 
HISTOrJCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 535 
 
 ham Lincoln — then a conservative opponent of 
 the extension of slavery — on an appeal from a 
 judgment, rendered by the Circuit Court in Taze- 
 well County, in favor of the holder of a note 
 given for the service of the indentured slave- 
 girl "Nance," obtained a decision from the 
 Supreme Court of Illinois upholding the doctrine 
 that the girl was free under the Ordinance of 
 1787 and the State Constitution, and that the 
 note, given to the person who claimed to be her 
 owner, was void. And it is a somewhat curious 
 coincidence that the same Abraham Lincoln, as 
 President of the United States, in the second 
 year of the War of the Rebellion, issued the 
 Proclamation of Emancipation which finally 
 resulted in striking the shackles from the limbs 
 of every slave in the Union. 
 
 In the practical operation of aiding fugitives 
 in Illinois, it was natural that the towns along 
 the border upon the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, 
 should have served as a sort of entrepots, or 
 initial stations, for the reception of this class of 
 freight — especially if adjacent to some anti- 
 slavery community. This was the case at Ches- 
 ter, from which access was easy to Sparta, where 
 a colony of Covenanters, or Seceders, was 
 located, and whence a route extended, by way of 
 Oakdale, Nashville and Centralia, in the direction 
 of Chicago. Alton offered convenient access to 
 Bond County, where there was a community of 
 anti-slavery people at an early day, or the fugi- 
 tives could be forwarded northward by way of 
 JerseyviUe, Waverly and Jacksonville, about 
 each of which there was a strong anti-slavery 
 sentiment. Quincy, in spite of an intense hos- 
 tility among the mass of the community to any- 
 thing savoring of abolitionism, became the 
 theater of great activity on the part of the 
 opponents of the institution, especially after the 
 advent there of Dr. David Nelson and Dr. Rich- 
 ard Eells, both of whom had rendered themselves 
 obnoxious to the people of Mi.ssouri by extending 
 aid to fugitives. The former was a practical 
 abolitionist who, having freed his .slaves in his 
 native State of Virginia, removed to Missouri and 
 attempted to establish Marion College, a few miles 
 from Palmyra, but was soon driven to Illinois. 
 Locating near Quincy, he founded the "Mission 
 Institute" there, at which he continued to dis- 
 seminate his anti-slavery views, while educating 
 young men for missionary work. The "Insti- 
 tute" was finally burned by emissaries from Mis- 
 souri, while three young men who had been 
 ■connected with it, having been caught in Mis- 
 souri, were condemned to twelve years' confine- 
 
 ment in the penitentiary of that State — partly on 
 the testimony of a negro, although a negro was 
 not then a legal witness in the courts against a 
 white man. Dr. Eells was prosecuted before 
 Stephen A. Douglas (then a Judge of the Circuit 
 Court), and fined for aiding a fugitive to escape, 
 and the judgment against him was finally con- 
 firmed by the Supreme Court after his death, in 
 1852, ten years after the original indictment. 
 
 A map in Professor Sieberfs book, showing the 
 routes and principal stations of the "Undergound 
 Railroad," makes mention of the following places 
 in Illinois, in addition to those already referred 
 to: Carlinville, in Macoupin County; Payson 
 and Mendon, in Adams; Washington, in Taze- 
 well; Metamora, in Woodford; Magnolia, in Put- 
 nam; Galesburg, in Knox; Princeton (the home 
 of Owen Lovejoy and the Bryants), in Bureau; 
 and many more. Ottawa appears to have been 
 the meeting point of a number of lines, as well 
 as the home of a strong colony of practical abo- 
 litionists. Cairo also became an important 
 transfer station for fugitives arriving by river, 
 after the completion of the Illinois Central Rail- 
 road, especially as it offered the speediest way of 
 reaching Chicago, towards which nearly all the 
 lines converged. It was here that the fugitives 
 could be most safely disposed of by placing tlieni 
 upon vessels, which, without stopping at inter- 
 mediate ports, could soon land them on Canadian 
 soil. 
 
 As to methods, these differed according to cir- 
 cumstances, the emergencies of the occasion, or 
 tlie taste, convenience or resources of tlie oper- 
 ator. Deacon Levi Morse, of Woodford County, 
 near Metamora, had a route towards Magnolia, 
 Putnam County; and his favorite "car" was a 
 farm wagon in which there was a double bottom. 
 The passengers were snugly placed below, and 
 grain sacks, filled with bran or otlier light material, 
 were laid over, so that the whole presented the 
 appearance of an ordinary load of grain on its 
 way to market. The same was true as to stations 
 and routes. One, who was an operator, saj's: 
 "Wherever an abolitionist happened on a fugi- 
 tive, or the converse, there was a station, for the 
 time, and the route was to the next anti-slavery 
 man to the east or the north. As a general rule, 
 the agent preferred not to know anything beyond 
 the operation of his own immediate section of the 
 road. If he knew nothing about tlie operations 
 of another, and the other knew nothing of his, 
 they could not be witnesses in court. 
 
 We have it on the authority of Judge Harvej' B. 
 Hurd, of Chicago, that runaways were usually 
 
536 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 forwarded from that city to Canada by way of the 
 Lakes, there being several steamers available for 
 that purpose. On one occasion thirteen were 
 put aboard a vessel under the eyes of a United 
 States Marshal and his deputies. The fugitives, 
 secreted in a woodshed, one by one took the 
 places of colored stevedores carrying wood 
 aboard the ship. Possibly the term, "There's a 
 nigger in the woodpile," may have originated in 
 this incident. Thirteen was an "unlucky num- 
 ber" in this instance — for the masters. 
 
 Among the notable trials for assisting runaways 
 in violation of the Fugitive Slave Law, in addi- 
 tion to the case of Dr. Eells, already mentioned, 
 were those of Owen Lovejoy of Princeton, and 
 Deacon Gushing of Will County, both of whom 
 were defended by Judge James Collins of Chi- 
 cago. John Hossack and Dr. Joseph Stout of 
 Ottawa, with some half-dozen of their neighbors 
 and friends, were tried at Ottawa, in 1859, for 
 assisting a fugitive and acquitted on a techni- 
 cality. A strong array of attorneys, afterwards 
 wideh' known through the northern part of the 
 State, appeared for the defense, including Isaac 
 N. Arnold, Joseph Knox, B. C. Cook, J. V. Eus- 
 tace, Edward S. Leland and E. C. Larned. Joseph 
 T. Morse, of Woodford County, was also arrested, 
 taken to Peoria and committed to jail, but 
 acquitted on trial. 
 
 Another noteworthy case was that of Dr. 
 Samuel Willard (now of Chicago) and his father, 
 Julius A. Willard, charged with assisting in the 
 escape of a fugitive at Jacksonville, in 1843, when 
 the Doctor was a student in Illinois College. 
 "The National Corporation Reporter," a few 
 years ago, gave an account of this affair, together 
 witli a letter from Dr. Willard, in wliich he states 
 that, after protracted litigation, during which 
 the case was carried to tlie Supreme Court, it was 
 ended by his pleading guilty before Judge Samuel 
 D. Lockwood, when he was fined one dollar and 
 costs— the latter amounting to twenty dollars. 
 Tlie Doctor frankly adds: "My father, as well 
 a.s myself, helped many fugitives afterwards." 
 It did not always happen, however, that offenders 
 escaped so easily. 
 
 Judge Harvey B. Hurd, already referred to, 
 and an active anti-slavery man in the daj's of the 
 Fugitive Slave T.,aw, relates the following: Once, 
 wlieii the trial of a fugitive was going on before 
 Justice Kerclieval, in a room on the .second floor 
 of a two story frame building on Clark Street in 
 the city of Cliicago, the crowd in attcfndance 
 filled thf! room, the Htairway and tlio adjoining 
 sidewalk. In Koinu way the prisoner got mixed 
 
 in with the audience, and passed down over the 
 heads of those on the stairs, where tlie officers 
 were unable to follow. 
 
 In another case, tried before United States 
 Commissioner Geo. W. Meeker, the result was 
 made to hinge upon a point in the indictment to 
 the effect that the fugitive was "copper- colored." 
 The Commissioner, as the story goes, being in- 
 clined to favor public sentiment, called for a large 
 copper cent, that he might make comparison. 
 The decision was, that the prisoner was "off 
 color," so to speak, and he was hustled out of the 
 room before the officers could re-arrest him, as 
 they had been instructed to do. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Willard, in a review of Professor 
 Sieberfs book, published in "The Dial" of Chi 
 cago, makes mention of Henry Irving and Will- 
 iam Chauncey Carter as among his active allies 
 at Jacksonville, with Rev. Bilious Pond and 
 Deacon Lj^man of Farmington (near the present 
 village of Farmingdale in Sangamon Count j'), 
 Luther Ransom of Springfield, Andrew Borders 
 of Randolph County, Joseph Gerrish of Jersey 
 and William T. Allan of Henry, as their coadju- 
 tors in other parts of the State. Other active 
 agents or promoters, in the same field, included 
 such names as Dr. Charles V. Dyer, Philo Carpen- 
 ter, Calvin De Wolf, L. C. P. Freer, Zebina East- 
 man, James H. Collins, Harvey B. Hurd, J. Young 
 Scammon, Col. J. F. Farnsworth and others of 
 Chicago, whose names have already been men- 
 tioned; Rev. Asa Turner, Deacon Ballard, J. K. 
 Van Dorn and Erastus Benton, of Quincy and 
 Adams County ; President Rufus Blanchard of 
 Knox College, Galesburg; John Leeper of Bond; 
 the late Prof. J. B. Turner and Elihu Wolcott of 
 Jacksonville; Capt. Parker Morse and his four 
 sons — Joseph T. , Levi P., Parker, Jr., and Mark 
 — of Woodford County ; Rev. William Sloane of 
 Randolph ; William Strawn of La Salle, besides a 
 host who were willing to aid their fellow men in 
 their aspirations to freedom, without advertising 
 their own exploits. 
 
 Among the incidents of "Undergi'ound Rail- 
 road" in Illinois is one which had some importance 
 l)olitically, having for its climax a dramatic scene 
 in Congress, but of which, .so far as known, no 
 full account has ever been written. About 1855, 
 E])Iiraim Tjombard, a Mississippi jjlantcr. but a 
 New Knglander by birth, ))ur(rliascd a, large body 
 of ])rairie land in tlu! northeastern ])art of Stark 
 County, iuid, taking up his residontu! temporarily 
 in the village of Bradford, Ixsgan ifs iinjjrove- 
 ment. He had brought with him from Missi.ssi{)pi 
 a negro, gray-haired ;ind bent with age, a slave 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 537 
 
 of probably no great value. "Old Mose, " as he 
 •vvas called, soon came to be well known and a 
 favorite in the neighborhood. Lombard boldly- 
 stated that he had brought him there as a slave ; 
 that, by virtue of the Dred Scott decision (then 
 of recent date), he had a constitutional right to 
 take his slaves wherever he pleased, and that 
 "Old Mose" was just as much his property in 
 Illinois as in Mississippi. It soon became evident 
 to some, that his bringing of the negro to Illinois 
 was an experiment to test the law and the feel- 
 ings of the Northern people. This being the case, 
 a shrewd play would have been to let him have 
 his way till other slaves should have been 
 brought to stock the new plantation. But this 
 was too slow a process for the abolitionists, to 
 whom the holding of a slave in the free State of 
 Illinois appeared an unbearable outrage. It was 
 feared that he might take the old negro back to 
 Mississippi and fail to bring any others. It was 
 reported, also, that "Old Mose" was ill-treated; 
 that he was given only the coarsest food in a 
 back shed, as if he were a horse or a dog, instead 
 of being permitted to eat at table with the family. 
 The prairie citizen of that time was very par- 
 ticular upon this point of etiquette. The hired 
 man or woman, debarred from the table of his or 
 her employer, would not have remained a day. 
 A quiet consultation with "Old Mose" revealed 
 the fact that he would hail the gift of freedom 
 joyously. Accordingly, one Peter Risedorf, and 
 another equally daring, met him by the light of 
 the stars and, before morning, he was placed in 
 the care of Owen Lovejoy, at Princeton, twenty 
 miles away. From there he was speedily 
 "franked" by the member of Congress to friends 
 in Canada. 
 
 There was a great commotion in Bradford over 
 the "stealing" of "Old Mose. " Lombard and his 
 friends denounced the act in terms bitter and 
 profane, and threatened vengeance upon the per- 
 petrators. The conductors were known only to a 
 few, and they kept their secret well. Lovejoy's 
 part in the affair, however, soon leaked out. 
 Lombard returned to Mississippi, where he 
 related his experiences to Mr. Singleton, the 
 Representative in Congress from his district. 
 During the next session of Congress, Singleton 
 took occasion, in a speech, to sneer at Lovejoy as a 
 "nigger-stealer, " citing the case of "Old Mose." 
 Mr. Lovejoy replied in his usual fervid and 
 dramatic style, making a speech which ensured 
 his election to Congress for life — "Is it desired to 
 call attention to this fact of my assisting fugitive 
 slaves?" he said. "Owen Lovejoy lives at Prince- 
 
 ton, 111., three-quarters of a mile east of the 
 village, and he aids every slave that comes to his 
 door and asks it. Thou invisible Demon of 
 Slavery, dost thou think to cross my humble 
 threshold and forbid me to give bread to the 
 hungry and shelter to the honaeless? I bid you 
 defiance, in the name of my God!" 
 
 With another incident of an amusing charac- 
 ter this article may be closed: Hon. J. Young 
 Scammon, of Chicago, being accused of conniving 
 at the escape of a slave from oflScers of the law, 
 was asked by the court what he would do if sum- 
 moned as one of a posse to pursue and capture a 
 fugitive. "I would certainly obey the summons," 
 he replied, "but — I should probably stub my toe 
 and fall down before I reached him." 
 
 Note.— Those who wish to pursue the subject of the 
 " Undergroimd Railroad " in Illinois further, are referred 
 to the work of Dr. Siebert, already mentioned, and to the 
 various County Histories which Iiave been issued and may 
 be found in the public libraries; also for interesting inci- 
 dents, to "Reminiscences of Levi Coftin," Johnson's 
 "From Dixie to Canada," Petit's Sketches, "Still, Under- 
 ground Railroad," and a pamphlet of the same title by 
 James H. Fairchild, ex-President of Oberlin College. 
 
 UNDERWOOD, WilUam H., lawyer, legislator 
 and jurist, was born at Schoharie Court House, 
 N. Y., Feb. 21, 1818, and, after admission to the 
 bar, removed to Belleville, 111., where he began 
 practice in 1840. The following year he was 
 elected State's Attorney, and re-elected in 1843. 
 In 1846 he was chosen a member of the lower 
 house of the General Assembly, and, in 1848-54, 
 sat as Judge of the Second Circuit. During this 
 period he declined a nomination to Congress, 
 although equivalent to an election. In 1856 be 
 vvas elected State Senator, and re-elected in 1860. 
 He was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of 1869-70, and, in 1870, was again elected to 
 the Senate, retiring to private life in 1873. Died, 
 Sept. 23, 1875. 
 
 UNION COUNTY, one of the fifteen counties 
 into which Illinois was divided at the time of its 
 admission as a State — having been organized, 
 under the Territorial Government, in January, 
 1818. It is situated in the southern division of 
 the State, bounded on the west by the Mississippi 
 River, and has an area of 400 square miles. The 
 eastern and interior portions are drained by the 
 Cache River and Clear Creek. The western part 
 of the county comprises the broad, rich bottom 
 lands lying along the Mississippi, but is siibject 
 to frequent overflow, while the eastern portion is 
 hilly, and most of its area originally heavily tim- 
 bered. The county is especially rich in minerals. 
 Iron-ore, lead, bituminous coal, chalk, alum and 
 
538 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 potter's clay are found in considerable abun- 
 dance. Several lines of raihvaj- (tlie most impor- 
 tant being the Illinois Central) either cross or 
 tap the county. The chief occupation is agri- 
 culture, although manufacturing is carried on to 
 a limited extent. Fruit is extensively cultivated. 
 Jouesboro is the county-seat, and Cobden and 
 Anna important shipping stations. The latter is 
 the location of the Southern Hospital for the 
 Insane. The population of tlie county, in 1890, 
 was •21,5'29. Being next to St. Clair, Randolph 
 and Gallatin, one of the earliest settled counties 
 in the State, many prominent men found their 
 first home, on coming into the State, at Jones- 
 boro, and this region, for a time, exerted a strong 
 influence in public affairs. Pop. (1900), 22,610. 
 
 r>'10\ LE.\GUE OF AMERICA, a secret poUt- 
 ical and patriotic order which had its origin 
 early in the late Civil War, for the avowed pur- 
 pose of sustaining the cause of the Union and 
 counteracting the machinations of the secret 
 organizations designed to promote the success of 
 the Rebellion. The first regular Council of the 
 order was organized at Pekin, Tazewell County, 
 June 25, 1862, consisting of eleven members, as 
 follows: John W. Glasgow, Dr. D. A. Cheever, 
 Hart Montgomery, Maj. Richard N. CuUom 
 (father of Senator Cullom), Alexander Small, 
 Hev. J. W. M. Vernon, George 11. Harlow (after- 
 ward Secretary of State), Charles Turner, Col. 
 Jonathan Merriam, Henry Pratt and L. F. Gar- 
 rett. One of the number was a Union refugee 
 from Tennessee, who dictated the first oath from 
 memory, as administered to members of a some- 
 what .similar order which had been organized 
 among the Unionists of his own State. It .sol- 
 emnly pledged the taker, (1) to preserve invio- 
 late the secrets and business of the order; (3) to 
 "support, maintain, protect and defend the civil 
 liberties of the Union of these United States 
 again.st all enemies, either domestic or foreign, 
 at all times and under all circumstances," even 
 "if neces.sarj', to the .sacrifice of life"'; (3) to aid 
 in electing onl}' true Union men to ofTiccs of 
 trust in the town, county. State and General 
 Government; (4) to a.ssist, protect and defend 
 any member of the order who niight be in jieril 
 from his connection with the order, and (•")) to 
 olx!y all laws, rules or regulations of any Countril 
 to whifrh (he taker of th(! oath might he attacli(!d. 
 Tlie oatii wiis tak(!n u])om the Hil)l(), tins Decla- 
 ration of IiidefKindence and Constitution of the 
 United States, the taker j)ledgirig his sacred 
 honor to its fulfillment. A spefiial reason for tim 
 organization existed in the activity, about this 
 
 time, of the "Knights of the Golden Circle," a 
 disloyal organization whicli liad been introduced 
 from the South, and which afterwards took the 
 name, in the North, of "American Knights" and 
 "Sons of Liberty. ' ' (See Secret Treasonable Soci- 
 eties.) Three months later, the organization had 
 extended to a number of other counties of the 
 State and, on the 25th of September following, 
 the first State Council met at Bloomington — 
 twelve counties being represented — and a State 
 organization was effected. At this meeting the 
 following general officers were chosen: Grand 
 President — ^ Judge Mark Bangs, of Marshall 
 County (now of Chicago) ; Grand Vice-President 
 — Prof. Daniel Wilkin, of McLean ; Grand Secre- 
 tary — George H. Harlow, of Tazewell; Grand 
 Treasurer — H. S. Austin, of Peoria, Grand Mar- 
 shal— J. R. Gorin, of Macon; Grand Herald — 
 A. Gould, of Henry ; Grand Sentinel— John E. 
 Rosette, of Sangamon. An Executive Committee 
 was also appointed, consi-sting of Joseph Medill 
 of "The Chicago Tribune"; Dr. A. J. McFai- 
 land, of Morgan County; J. K. Warren, of Macon; 
 Rev. J. C. Rybolt, of La Salle; the President, 
 Judge Bangs; Enoch Emery, of Peoria; and 
 John E. Rosette. Under the direction of this 
 Committee, with Mr. Medill as its Chairman, 
 the constitution and by-laws were thoroughly 
 revised and a new ritual adopted, which materi- 
 ally changed the phraseology and removed some 
 of the crudities of the original obligation, as well 
 as increased the beauty and impressiveuess of 
 the initiatory ceremonies. New signs, grips and 
 pass-words were also adopted, which were finally 
 accepted by the various organizations of the 
 order throughout the Union, which, by this time, 
 included many soldiers in the army, as well as 
 civilians. The second Grand (or State) Council 
 was lield at Springfield, January 14, 1803, with 
 only seven counties represented. The limited 
 representation was discouraging, but the mem- 
 bers took heart from tlie in.spiring words of Gov- 
 ernor Yates, addres.sed to a committee of the 
 order who waited upon him. At a special ses- 
 sion of the Executive Committee, held at Peoria, 
 six days later, a vigorous campaign Avas 
 mapped out, under whicih agents were sent 
 into nearly every county in the State. In Oc- 
 tober, 1862, the strength of the order in Illi- 
 nois was estimated at three to five thousand ; 
 a few months later, the number of enrolled 
 membtirs had increased to 50,(){)0 — so rapid 
 had been the growth of the order. On March 
 25, ]86;i, a Granil Counc^il met in Chicago — 
 401 Councils in Illinois being represented, with 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 539 
 
 a number from Oliio, Indiana, Michigan, Wiscon- 
 sin, Iowa and Minnesota. At tliis meeting a 
 Committee was appointed to prepare a plan of 
 organization for a National Grand Council, which 
 was carried out at Cleveland, Ohio, on the 20th 
 of May following — the constitution, ritual and 
 signs of the Illinois organization being adopted 
 with slight modifications. The lo vised obligation 
 — taken uiDon the Bible, the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence and the Constitution of the United 
 States — bound members of the League to "sup- 
 port, protect and defend the Government of the 
 United States and the flag thereof, against all 
 enemies, foreign and domestic," and to" bear true 
 faith and allegiance to the same"; to "defend 
 the State against invasion or insurrection"; to 
 support only "true and reliable men" for offices 
 of trust and profit; to protect and defend 
 worthy members, and to preserve inviolate the 
 secrets of the order. The address to new mem- 
 bers was a model of impressiveness and a powerful 
 appeal to their patriotisin. The organization 
 extended rapidly, not only throughout the North- 
 west, but in the South also, especially in the 
 army. In 1864 the number of Councils in Illinois 
 was estimated at 1,300, with a membership of 
 175, 000 ; and it is estimated that the total mem- 
 bership, throughout the Union, was 2,000,000. 
 The influence of the silent, but zealous and effect- 
 ive, operations of the organization, was shown, 
 not only in the stimulus given to enlistments and 
 support of the war i)olicy of the Government, 
 but in the raising of supplies for the sick and 
 wounded soldiers in the field. Within a few 
 weeks before the fall of Vicksburg, over $25,000 in 
 cash, besides large quantities of stores, were sent 
 to Col. John Williams (then in charge of the 
 Sanitary Bureau at Springfield), as the direct 
 result of appeals made through circulars sent out 
 by the officers of the "League." Large contri- 
 butions of money and supplies also reached the 
 sick and wounded in hospital through the medium 
 of the Sanitarj' Commission in Chicago. Zealous 
 efforts were made by the opposition to get at the 
 secrets of the order, and, in one case, a complete 
 copy of the ritual was published by one of their 
 organs; but the effect was so far the reverse of 
 what was anticipated, that this line of attack was 
 not continued. During the stormy session of the 
 Legislature in 1863, the League is said to have 
 rendered effective service in protecting Gov- 
 ernor Yates from threatened assassination. It 
 continued its silent but effective operations until 
 the complete overthrow of the rebellion, when it 
 ceased to exist as a political organization. 
 
 UiVITED STATES SENATORS. The follow- 
 ing is a list of United States senators from Illinois, 
 from the date of the admission of the State into 
 the Union until 1899, with the date and duration 
 of the term of each: Ninian Edwards, 1818-24; 
 Jesse B. Thomas, Sr., 1818-29; John McLean, 
 1824-25 and 1829-30; Elias Kent Kane, 1825-35; 
 David Jevvett Baker, Nov. 12 to Dec. 11, 1830; 
 John M. Robinson, 1830-41 ; William L. D. Ewing, 
 1835-37; Richard M. Young, 1837-43; Samuel Mc- 
 Roberts, 1841-43; Sidney Bree.se, 1843-49; James 
 Semple, 1843-47; Stephen A. Douglas, 1847-61; 
 James Shields, 1849-55; Lyman Trumbull, 1855-73; 
 Orville H. Browning, 1861-63; William A. Rich- 
 ardson, 1863-65; Richard Yates, 1865-71; John A. 
 Logan, 1871-77 and 1879-86; Richard J. Oglesby, 
 1873-79; David Davis, 1877-83; Shelby M. Cullom, 
 first elected in 1883, and re-elected in '89 and "95, 
 his third term expiring in 1901; Charles B. Far- 
 well, 1887-91; John McAuley Palmer, 1891-97; 
 William E. Mason, elected in 1897, for the term 
 expiring, March 4, 1903. 
 
 UMV ERSITY OF CHICAGO (The New). One 
 of the leading educational institutions of the 
 country, located at Chicago. It is the outgrowth 
 of an attempt, put forth by the American Educa- 
 tional Society (organized at Washington in 1888), 
 to supply the place which the original institution 
 of the same name had been designed to fill. (See 
 Universitij of Chicago — Tlie Old.) The following 
 year, Mr. John D. Rockefeller of New York ten- 
 dered a contribution of §600,000 toward the endow- 
 ment of the enterprise, conditioned upon securing 
 additional pledges to the amount of $400,000 by 
 June 1, 1890. The offer was accepted, and the 
 sum promptly raised. In addition, a site, covering 
 four blocks of land in the city of Chicago, was 
 secured — two and one-half blocks being acquired 
 by i^urchase for 8282,500, and one and one-half 
 (valued at $125,000) donated by Mr. Marshall 
 Field. A charter was secured and an organiza- 
 tion effected, Sept. 10, 1890. The Presidency of 
 the institution was tendered to, and accepted by. 
 Dr. William R. Harper. Since that time the 
 University has' been the recipient of other gener- 
 ous benefactions by Mr. Rockefeller and others, 
 until the aggregate donations (1898) exceed §10,- 
 000,000. Of this amount over one-half has been 
 contributed by Mr. Rockefeller, while he has 
 l^ledged himself to make additional contributions 
 of §2,000,000, conditioned upon the raising of a 
 like sum, from other donors, by Jan. 1, 1900. The 
 buildings erected on the campus, prior to 1896, 
 include a chemical laboratory costing §182,000; a 
 lecture hall, $150,000; a physical laboratory 
 
540 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 §150,000; a museum, $100,000; an academy dor- 
 mitory, §30,000; three dormitories for women, 
 §150,000; two dormitories for men, §100,000, to 
 which several important additions were made 
 during 1896 and 97. The faculty embraces over 
 150 instructors, selected with reference to their 
 fitness for their respective departments from 
 among the most eminent scholars in America and 
 Europe. Women are admitted as students and 
 graduated upon an equality with men. The work 
 of practical instruction began in October, 1892, 
 with 589 registered students, coming from nearly 
 every Northern State, and including 250 gradu- 
 ates from other institutions, to which accessions 
 were made, during the year, raising the aggregate 
 to over 900. The second year the number ex- 
 ceeded 1,100; the third, it rose to 1,750, and the 
 fourth (1895-96), to some 2,000, including repre- 
 sentatives from every State of the Union, besides 
 many from foreign countries. Special features 
 of the institution include the admission of gradu- 
 ates from other institutions to a post-graduate 
 course, and tlie University Extension Division, 
 which is conducted largely by means of lecture 
 courses, in other cities, or through lecture centers 
 in the vicinity of the University, non-resident 
 students having the privilege of written exami- 
 nations. The various libraries embrace over 
 300,000 volumes, of which nearly 60,000 belong 
 to what are called the "Dei^artmental Libraries,'" 
 besides a large and valuable collection of maps 
 and pamphlets. 
 
 LMVERSITY OF CHICAGO (Tlie Old), an 
 educational institution at Chicago, under the 
 care of the Baptist denomination, for some years 
 known as the Douglas University. Senator 
 Stephen A. Douglas offered, in 1854, to donate ten 
 acres of land, in what was then near the southern 
 border of the city of Chicago, as a site for an 
 institution of learning, i)rovided buildings cost- 
 ing §100,000, be erected thereon within a stipu- 
 lated time. The corner-stone of the main building 
 was laid, July 4, 1H57, but the financial panic; of 
 that year prevented its completion, and Mr. Doug- 
 las extended the time, and finally deeded the 
 land to the tru.stees without reserve. For eighteen 
 years the institution led a precarious existence, 
 struggling under a heavy deiit. By 1885, mort- 
 gages to the amount of §320,000 having ac(uimu- 
 latod. the trustees abandoncMl furtlun- effort, and 
 ac(iui(;sf-ed in the sale of the property under iore- 
 dosuro proc(!edings. TIk! original plan of the 
 institution contemjjlated preparatory and col- 
 legiate il(;|)artnientH, together with a college of 
 law and u tlieological lichool. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, the leading edu- 
 cational institution under control of the State, 
 located at Urbana and adjoining the city of 
 Champaign. The Legislature at the session of 1863 
 accepted a grant of 480,000 acres of land under 
 Act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, making an 
 appropriation of public lands to States — 30,000 
 acres for each Senator and each Representative in 
 Congress — establishing colleges for teaching agri- 
 culture and the mechanic arts, though not to the 
 exclusion of classical and scientific studies. Land- 
 scrip under this grant was issued and placed in 
 the hands of Governor Yates, and a Board of 
 Trustees appointed under the State law was organ- 
 ized in Mai'ch, 1867, the institution being located 
 the same year. Departments and courses of study 
 were established, and Dr. John M. Gregory, of 
 Michigan, was chosen Regent (President). — The 
 landscrip issued to Illinois was sold at an early 
 day for wliat it would bring in open market, 
 except 25,000 acres, which was located in Ne- 
 braska and Minnesota. This has recently been 
 sold, realizing a larger sum than was received 
 for all the scrip otherwise disposed of. The entire 
 sum thus secured for permanent endowment ag- 
 gregates §613,026. The University revenues were 
 further increased by donations from Congress to 
 each institution organized under the Act of 1862, 
 of §15,000 per annum for the maintenance of an 
 Agricultural Experiment Station, and, in 1890, of 
 a similar amount for instruction — the latter to be 
 increased §1,000 annually until it should reach 
 §25,000.— A mechanical building was erected in 
 1871, and this is claimed to have been the first of 
 its kind in America intended for strictly educa- 
 tional purposes. What was called "the main 
 building" was formally opened in December, 
 1873. Other buildings embrace a "Science Hall," 
 opened in 1892; a new "Engineering Hall," 1894; 
 a fine Library Building, 1897. Eleven other prin- 
 cipal structures and a number of smaller ones 
 have been erected as conditions "-equired. The 
 value of property aggregates nearly §2,500,000, and 
 appropriations from the State, for all purposes, 
 previous to 1904, foot up §5,123,517.90.— Since 
 1871 the institution has been open to women. 
 The courses of study embrace agriculture, chem- 
 istry, polytecimics, military ta(!ti(!s, natiu-al and 
 general scienci^s, languages and literature, eco- 
 nomics, household scieiuie, trade and (lommerce. 
 The CJradimte School dates from 1891. In 1H9G 
 the Chicago (Jollego of Pl)arma(!y was connocted 
 with the University: a College of Law and a 
 Library School were opened in 1897, and the same 
 year the Chicago College of Physicians and Sur- 
 
HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 541 
 
 geons was affiliated as the College of Medicine — a 
 School of Dentistry being added to the latter in 
 1901. In 1885 the State Laboratory of Natural 
 History was transferred from Normal, 111., and an 
 Agricultural Experiment Station entablished in 
 1888, from which bulletins are sent to farmers 
 throughout the State who may desire them. — The 
 first name of the Institution was "Illinois Indus- 
 trial University," but, in 1885, this was changed 
 to "University of Illinois." In 1887 the Trustees 
 (of whom there are nine) were made elective by 
 popular vote — three being elected every two 
 years, each holding office six years. Dr. Gregory, 
 having resigned the office of Regent in 1880, was 
 succeeded by Dr. Selim H. Peabody, who had 
 been Professor of Mechanical and Civil Engineer- 
 ing. Dr. Peabody resigned in 1891. Tlie duties 
 of Regent were then discharged by Prof. Thomas 
 J. Burrill until August, 1894, when Dr. Andrew 
 Sloan Draper, former State Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction of the State of New York, was 
 installed as President, serving until 1904. — The 
 corps of instruction (1904) includes over 100 Pro- 
 fessors, 60 Associate and Assistant Pi-ofessors and 
 200 Instructors and Assistants, besides special 
 lecturers, demonstrators and clerks. The num- 
 ber of students has increased rapidly in recent 
 years, as shown by the following totals for suc- 
 cessive years from 1890-91 to 1903-04, inclusive: 
 519; 583; 714; 743; 810; 852; 1,075; 1,582; 1,824; 
 2,234; 2,505; 2,932; 8,289; 3,589. Of the last num- 
 ber, 2,271 'were men and 718 women. During 
 1903-04 there were in all departments at Urbana, 
 2,547 students (256 being in the Preparatory Aca- 
 demy) ; and in the three Professional Departments 
 in Chicago, 1,042, of whom 694 were in the Col- 
 lege of Medicine, 185 in the School of Pharmacy, 
 and 163 in the School of Dentistry. The Univer- 
 sity Library contains 63,700 volumes and 14,500 
 pamphlets, not including 5,350 volumes and 
 15,850 pamphlets in the State Laboratory of Nat- 
 ural History.— The University occupies a con- 
 spicuous and attractive site, embracing 220 acres 
 adjacent to the line between Urbana and Cham- 
 paign, and near the residence portion of the two 
 cities. The athletic field of 11 acres, on which 
 stand the gymnasium and armory, is enclosed 
 with an ornamental iron fence. The campus, 
 otherwise, is an open and beautiful park with 
 fine landscape effects. 
 
 UNOR(JANIZED COUNTIES. In addition to 
 the 102 counties into which Illinois is divided, 
 acts were passed by the General Assembly, 
 at different times, providing for the organiza- 
 tion of a number of others, a few of which 
 
 were subsequently organized under different 
 names, but the majority of which were never 
 organized at all— the proposition for such or- 
 ganization being rejected by vote of the people 
 within the proposed boundaries, or allowed to 
 lapse by non-action. These unorganized coun- 
 ties, with the date of the several acts authorizing 
 them, z ad the territory which they were in- 
 tended to include, were as follows: Allen 
 County (1841) — comprising portions of Sanga- 
 mon, Morgan and Macoupin Counties ; Audobon 
 (Audubon) County (1843) — f rom poi'tions of Mont- 
 gomery, Fayette and Shelby; Benton County 
 (1843) — from Morgan, Greene and Macoupin; 
 Coffee County (1837) — with substantially the 
 same territory now comprised within the bound- 
 aries of Stark County, authorized two years 
 later; Dane County (1839) — name changed to 
 Christian in 1840; Harrison County (1855) — 
 from McLean, Champaign and Vermilion, com- 
 prising territory since pai'tially incorporated 
 in Ford County; Holmes County (1857) — from 
 Champaign and Vermilion; Marquette County 
 (1843), changed (1847) to Highland — compris- 
 ing the northern portion of Adams, (this act 
 was accepted, with Columbus as the county- 
 seat, but organization finally vacated) ; Michi- 
 gan County (1837) — from a part of Cook; Milton 
 County (1843) — from the south part of Vermil- 
 ion; Okaw County (1841) — comprising substan- 
 tially the same territory as Moultrie, organized 
 under act of 1843; Oregon County (1851) — from 
 parts of Sangamon, Morgan and Macoupin Coun- 
 ties, and covering substantially the same terri- 
 tory as proposed to be incorporated in Allen 
 County ten years earlier. The last act of this 
 character was passed in 1867, when an attempt 
 was made to organize Lincoln County out pJ 
 parts of Champaign and Vermilion, but whicti 
 failed for want of an affirmative vote. 
 
 UPPER ALTON, a city of Madison County, 
 situated on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, about 
 1| miles northeast of Alton— laid out in 1816. It 
 has several churches, and is the seat of Shurtleff 
 College and the Western Military Academy, the 
 former founded about 1831, and controlled by the 
 Baptist denomination. Beds of excellent clay are 
 found in the vicinity and utilized in pottery 
 manufacture. Pop. (1890), 1,803; (1900), 2,373. 
 
 U PTON, George Putnam, journalist, was born 
 at Roxbury, Mass., Oct. 25, 1834; graduated from 
 Brown University in 1854, removed to Chicago 
 in 1855, and began newspaper work on "The 
 Native Ainerican," the following year taking 
 the place of city editor of "The Evening Jour- 
 
542 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 nal." In 1862, Mr. Upton became musical critic 
 on "The Chicago Tribune, "" serving for a time 
 also as its war correspondent in tlie field, later 
 (about 1881) taking a place on the general edi- 
 torial staff, which he still retains. He is regarded 
 as an authority on musical and dramatic topics. 
 Mr. Upton is also a stockholder in, and, for sev- 
 eral years, has been Vice-President of the "Trib- 
 une" Company. Besides numerous contributions 
 to magazines, his works include: "Letters of 
 Peregrine Pickle'' (18C9) ; "Memories, a Story of 
 German Love." translated from the German of 
 Ma.K Muller (18T9) ; "Woman in Music" (1880); 
 "Lives of German Composers" (3 vols. — 1883-84); 
 besides four volumes of standard operas, oratorios, 
 cantatas, and symphonies (188588). 
 
 URBANA, a flourishing city, the county-seat 
 of Champaign Countj-, on the "Big Four," the 
 Illinois Central and the Wabash Railways: 130 
 miles south of Chicago and 31 miles west of Dan- 
 ville; in agricultural and coal-mining region. 
 The mechanical industries include extensive rail- 
 road shops, manufacture of brick, suspenders and 
 lawn-mowers. The Cunningham Deaconesses' 
 Home and Orphanage is located here. The city 
 has water-works, gas and electric light plants, 
 electric car-lines (local and interurban), superior 
 schools, nine churches, three banks and three 
 newspapers. Urbana is the seat of the University 
 of Illinois. Pop. (1890), 3,511; (1900), 5,728. 
 
 CSREY, William J., editor and .soldier, was 
 born at Washington (near Natchez), Jliss., May 
 16, 1827; was educated at Natchez, and, before 
 reaching manhood, came to Macon County, 111., 
 where he engaged in teaching until 1846, when 
 he enli.sted as a private in Comjjany C, Fourth 
 Illinois Volunteers, for the Mexican War. In 
 1855, he joined with a Mr. Wingate in the estab- 
 lisiiment, at Decatur, of "The Illinois State Chron- 
 icle," of which he soon after took solo charge, 
 conducting the paper until I80I, when he enlisted 
 in tiic Thirty-fiftii Illinois Volunteers and was 
 iip|)oint(:d .\iljutant. Although born and edu- 
 <;ated in a slave State, Mr. Usrey was an earnest 
 f)Ii|K)nent of slavery, as proved by the attitude of 
 liis pajHT in ()piK)sition to the Kan.sas-Nebraska 
 liill. He was one of the most zealous endorsers 
 of the proposition for a conference of the Anti- 
 Nebraska editors of the State of Illinois, to agree 
 ujK)!! H line of jKilicy in opposition to th(! further 
 exten.sion of slavery, and, when that body met at 
 Decatur, on Feb. 22, 1850, h,; sf^rvc.I as its S(!( ro- 
 tary, tliiis taking a i)romin(!nt part in tiie initial 
 hU'|ih whifji r<-Hulted in thi; organization of tlio 
 Kfipiililicaii pjirty in IllinoiH. (Hcc. Anti-l\'ihr<isk<i 
 
 Editorial Conve^ition.) After returning from 
 the war he resumed his place as editor of "The 
 Chronicle," but finally retired from newspaper 
 work in 1871. He was twice Postma.ster of the 
 city of Decatur, first previous to 1850, and again 
 under the administration of President Grant; 
 served also as a member of the City Council and 
 was a member of the local Post of the G. A. E., 
 and Secretary of the Macon County Association 
 of Mexican War Veterans. Died, at Decatur, 
 Jan. 20, 1894. 
 
 UTICA, (also called North Utica), a village of 
 La Salle County, on the Illinois & Michigan 
 Canal and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
 Railway, 10 miles west of Ottawa, situated on the 
 Illinois River opposite "Starved Rock," also 
 believed to stand on the site of the Kaskaskia 
 village found by the French Explorer, La Salle, 
 when he first visited Illinois. "Utica cement" is 
 produced here; it also has several factories or 
 mills, besides banks and a weekly paper. Popu- 
 lation (1880), 767; (1890), 1,094; (1900), 1,150. 
 
 VAJf AENAM, John, lawyer and soldier, was 
 born at Plattsburg, N. Y., March 3, 1820. Hav- 
 ing lost his father at five years of age, he went to 
 live with a farmer, but ran away in his boyhood; 
 later, began teaching, studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in New York City, beginning 
 practice at Marshall, Mich. In 1858 he removed 
 to Chicago, and, as a member of the firm of 
 Walker, Van Arnam & Dexter, became promi- 
 nent as a criminal lawyer and railroad attorney, 
 being for a time Solicitor of the Chicago, Burling- 
 ton & Quincy Railroad. In 1862 he assisted in 
 organizing the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry and was commissioned 
 its Colonel, but was compelled to resign on 
 account of illness. After spending some time in 
 California, he resumed prac^tice in Chicago in 
 1865. His later years were spent in California, 
 dying at San Diego, in that State, April 6, 1890. 
 
 VANDALIA, tli(! priiuM])al city and count3'-seat 
 of Fayetto County. It is situated on the Kas- 
 kaskia River, 30 miles norln oi Centralia, 63 
 miles south by west of Decatur, and 68 miles 
 east-nortiieast of St. Louis. It is an intersecting 
 ])oint for the Illinois Central and the St. Louis, 
 Vandalia and Terre Haute Railroads. It was the 
 capital of the State from 1820 to 1839, the seat of 
 government being ronioved to S|)ringfield, the 
 latter y(!ar, in aexrordaiuse with act of thoCicnoral 
 A.sscunbly passed at the session of 1837. It (con- 
 tains a (rourt house (old State Cai)itol building), 
 six (ihurciios, two banks, three weekly papers, a 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 543 
 
 graded school, flour, saw and paper mills, foundry, 
 stave and heading mill, carriage and wagon 
 and brick works. Pop. (1890), 2,144; (1900), 2,665. 
 
 VANDEVEEli, Horatio M., pioneer lawyer, 
 was born in Washington County, Ind., March 1, 
 1816 ; came with his family to Illinois at an early 
 age, settling on Clear Creek, now in Christian 
 County; taught school and studied law, using 
 books borrowed from the late Hon. John T. Stuart 
 of Springfield ; was elected first County Recorder 
 of Christian County and, soon after, appointed 
 Circuit Clerk, filling both offices three years. 
 He also held the office of County Judge from 1848 
 to 1857 ; was twice chosen Representative in the 
 General Assembly (1842 and 1850) and once to the 
 State Senate (1862); in 1846, enlisted and was 
 chosen Captain of a company for the Mexican 
 War, but, having been rejected on account of the 
 quota being full, was appointed Assistant-Quarter- 
 master, in this capacity serving on the staff of 
 General Taylor at the battle of Buena Vista. 
 Among other offices held by Mr. Vandeveer, were 
 those of Postmaster of Taylorville, Master in 
 Chancery, Presidential Elector (1848), Delegate 
 to the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and 
 Judge of the Circuit Court (1870-79). In 1868 
 Judge Vandeveer established the private banking 
 firm of H. M. Vandeveer & Co., at Taylorville, 
 wliich, in conjunction with his sons, he continued 
 successfully during the remainder of his life. 
 Died, March 12, 1894. 
 
 VAN HORNE, William C, Railway Manager 
 and President, was born in Will County, 111., 
 February, 1843 ; began his career as a telegraph 
 operator on tiie Illinois Central Railroad in 1856, 
 was attached to the Michigan Central and Chi- 
 cago & Alton Railroads (1858-72), later being 
 General Manager or General Superintendent of 
 various other lines (1872-79). He next served as 
 General Superintendent of the Chicago, Milwau- 
 kee & St. Paul, but soon after became General 
 Manager of the Canadian Pacific, which he 
 assisted to construct to the Pacific Coast; was 
 elected Vice-President of the line in 1884, and its 
 President in 1888. His services have been recog- 
 nized by conferring vipon him the order of 
 knighthood by the British Government. 
 
 VASSEUE, Aoel C, pioneer Indian-trader, was 
 born of French parentage in Canada, Dec. 25, 
 1799; at the age of 17 made a trip with a trading 
 party to the West, crossing Wisconsin by way of 
 the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, the route pursued 
 by Joliet and Marquette in 1673 ; later, was associ- 
 ated with Gurdon S. Hubbard in the service of 
 the American Fur Company, in 1820 visiting the 
 
 region now embraced in Iroquois County, where 
 he and Hubbard subsequently established a trad- 
 ing post among the Pottawatomie Indians, 
 believed to have been the site of the present town 
 of Iroquois. The way of reaching their station 
 from Chicago was by the Chicago and Des 
 Plaines Rivers to the Kankakee, and ascending 
 the latter and the Iroquois. Here Vasseur re- 
 mained in trade until the removal of the Indians 
 west of the Mississippi, in which he served as 
 agent of the Government. While in the Iroquois 
 region he married Watseka, a somewhat famous 
 Pottawatomie woman, for whom the town of 
 Watseka was named, and who had previously 
 been the Indian wife of a fellow-trader. His 
 later years were spent at Bourbonnais Grove, in 
 Kankakee County, where he died, Dec. 12, 1879. 
 
 VENICE, a city of Madison County, on the 
 Mississippi River opposite St. Louis and 2 miles 
 north of East St. Louis ; is touched by six trunk 
 lines of railroad, and at the eastern approach to 
 the new "Merchants' Bridge," with its round- 
 house, has two ferries to St. Louis, street car line, 
 electric lights, water-works, some manufactures 
 and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 932; (1900), 2,450. 
 
 VENICE & "CAROXDELET RAILROAD. (See 
 Louisville, Evc.ntsville & St. Louis {Consolidated) 
 Railroad. ) 
 
 VERMILION COUNTY, an eastern county, 
 bordering on tlie Indiana State line, and drained 
 by the Vermilion and Little Vermilion Rivers, 
 from which it takes its name. It was originally 
 organized in 1826, when it extended north to 
 Lake Michigan. Its present area is 926 square 
 miles. The discovery of salt springs, in 1819, 
 aided in attracting immigration to this region, 
 but the manufacture of salt was abandoned 
 many j'ears ago. Early settlers were Seymour 
 Treat, James Butler, Henry Johnston, Harvey 
 Lidington, Gurdon S. Hubbard and Daniel W. 
 Beckwith. James Butler and Achilles Morgan 
 were the first County Commissioners. Slany 
 interesting fossil remains have been found, 
 among them the skeleton of a mastodon (1868). 
 Fire clay is found in large quantities, and two 
 coal seams cross the county. The surface is level, 
 and the soil fertile. Corn is the chief agricultural 
 product, although oats, wheat, rye, and potatoes 
 are extensively cultivated. Stock-raising and 
 wool-growing are important industries. There 
 are also several manufactories, chiefly at Dan- 
 ville, which is the county-seat. Coal mining 
 is carried on extensively, especially in the vicin- 
 ity of DanviUe. Population (1880), 41,588; (1890), 
 49,905; (1900), 65,635. 
 
54i 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 TERMILION RITER, a tributary of the Illi- 
 nois; rises in Ford and tlie northern part of 
 McLean County, and, running northwestward 
 through Livingston and the southern part of 
 La Salle Counties, enters the Illinois River 
 nearly opposite the city of La Salle ; has a length 
 of about 80 miles. 
 
 VERMILION' RITER, an afHuent of the Wa- 
 bash, formed bj- the union of the North, Middle 
 and South Forks, ■n-hich rise in Illinois, and 
 come together near Danv~.lle in this State. It 
 flows southeastward, and enters the Wabash in 
 Vermilion County, Ind. The main stream is 
 about 28 miles long. The South Fork, however, 
 which rises in Champaign County and runs east- 
 ward, has a length of nearly 75 miles. The 
 Little Vermilion River enters the Wabash about 
 7 or 8 miles below the Vermilion, which is some- 
 times called the Big Vermilion, by way of 
 distinction. 
 
 YERMONT, a village in Fulton County, at 
 junction of Galesburg and St. Louis Division of 
 the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 24 
 miles north of Beardstown ; has a carriage manu- 
 factory, flour and saw-mills, brick and tile works, 
 electric light plant, besides two banks, four 
 cluirches, two graded schools, and one weekly 
 newspaper. An artesian well has been sunk here 
 to the depth of 3 600 feet Pop. (1900), 1,195. 
 
 VERSAILLES, a town of Brown County, on 
 the Wabash Railway, 48 miles east of Quincy ; is 
 in a timber and agricultural district; has a bank 
 and weeklj' newspaper. Population (1900), 524. 
 
 VIENXa, the countj'-seat of Johnson County, 
 situated on the Cairo and Vincennes branch of 
 the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
 Railroad, 36 miles north-northwest of Cairo. It 
 has a court house, several churches, a graded 
 school, banks and two weekly newspapers. 
 Population (1880), 494; (1890), 828; (1900), 1,217. 
 
 VKiO, FraiK'ois, pioneer and early Indian- 
 trader, was born at Mondovi, Sardinia (Wtistern 
 Italy), in 1747, served a.s a private soldier, first at 
 Havana and afterwards at New Orleans. When 
 he left tlu! S])aiiisli army he came to St. Louis, 
 then the military headquarters of Sjjain for Upper 
 Ixiuisinna, wliere he became a partner of Com- 
 manfjutit de Leba, and was extensively engaged 
 in the fur-tra<le among the Indians on the Ohio 
 anil MiHsiasippi Rivers. On the o(rcu[)atioii of 
 Kii.sk:i>4kia by ('<>\. Ocorgrr Rogers (-'lark in 1778, 
 he rendered vahial)le aid to the; Americans, turn- 
 ing out Kiii»pli<!H to fer-d (Shirk's destitute' Hoidi(!rH. 
 and aeeejiting N'irginia ('ontiiXMital money, at 
 pjir, in i>ayment, infiirring li.ibilities in exfrews of 
 
 $20,000. This, followed by the confiscation policy 
 of the British Colonel Hamilton, at Vincennes, 
 where Vigo had considerable property, reduced 
 him to extreme penury. H. W. Beckwith says 
 that, towards the close of his life, he lived on his 
 little homestead near Vincennes, in great poverty 
 but cheerful to the last He was never recom- 
 pensed during his life for his sacrifices in behalf 
 of the American cause, though a tardy restitution 
 was attempted, after his death, by the United 
 States Government, for the benefit of his heirs. 
 He died, at a ripe old age, at Vincennes, Ind., 
 March 23, 1835. 
 
 VILLA RIDGE, a village of Pulaski County, 
 on the Illinois Central Railway, 10 miles north of 
 Cairo. Population, 500. 
 
 VINCENNES, Jean Baptiste Bissot, a Canadian 
 explorer, born at Quebec, January, 1688, of aris- 
 tocratic and wealthy ancestry. He was closely 
 connected with Louis Joliet — probably his 
 brother-inlavsr, although some historians say that 
 he was the latter's nephew. He entered the 
 Canadian army as ensign in 1701, and had a long 
 and varied experience as an Indian fighter. 
 About 1735 he took up his residence on what is 
 now the site of the present city of Vincennes, 
 Ind., which is named in his honor. Here he 
 erected an earth fort and established a trading- 
 post. In 1736, under orders, he co-operated with 
 D'Artaguiette (then the French Governor of Illi- 
 nois) in an expedition against the Chickasaws. 
 Tiie expedition resulted disastrously. Vincennes 
 and D'Artaguiette were captured and burned 
 at the stake, together with Father Senat (a 
 Jesuit priest) and others of the command. 
 (See also D'Artaguiette; French Oovernors of 
 Illhiois.) 
 
 VIRDEN, a city of Macoupin County, on the 
 Chicago & Alton and the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy Railroads, 21 miles south by west from 
 Springfield, and 81 miles east-southeast of Jack- 
 sonville. It has five churciies, two banks, two 
 newspapers, telephone service, electric lights, 
 grain elevators, machine shop, and extensive coal 
 mines. Pop.(1900), 2,280 ; (school census 19()8),3, 051. 
 
 VIR(»INIA,an incorporated city, the county- 
 seat of Cass County, situated at the intersection of 
 the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis, with the Spring- 
 field Division of the Baltimore & Oliio Soutii- 
 vvestern Railroad, 15 miles north of Jacksonville, 
 and iS3 miles wost-nortliwest of Si)ringfiel(l. It 
 lies in tiie heart of a rich agricultural region. 
 Tlier(» is a llouring mill here, besides manu- 
 factories of wagons and cigars. The city has two 
 National anrl one State bank, five churciies, a 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 545 
 
 high school, and two weekly papers. Pop (1890), 
 1,602; (1900), 1,600. 
 
 YOCKE, William, lawyer, was born at Min- 
 den, Westphalia (Germany), iu 1839, the son of a 
 Government Secretary in the Prussian service. 
 Having lost his father at an early age, he emi- 
 grated to America in 1856, and, after a short 
 stay in New York, came to Chicago, where he 
 found employment as a paper-carrier for "The 
 Staats-Zeitung, " meanwhile giving his attention 
 to the study of law. Later, he became associated 
 with a real-estate firm; on the commencement 
 of the Civil War, enlisted as a private in a 
 three-months' regiment, and, finally, in the 
 Twenty-fourth Illinois (the first Hecker regi- 
 ment), in which he rose to the rank of Captain. 
 Returning from the army, he was employed as 
 city editor of "The Staats-Zeitung," but, in 
 1865, became Clerk of the Chicago Police Court, 
 serving vmtil 1869. Meanwhile he had been 
 admitted to the bar, and, on retirement from 
 oflSce, began practice, but, in 1870, was elected 
 Representative in the Twenty-seventh General 
 Assembly, in which he bore a leading part in 
 framing "the burnt record act" made necessary 
 by the fire of 1871. He has since been engaged 
 in the practice of his profession, having been, 
 for a number of years, attorney for the German 
 Consulate at Chicago, also serving, for several 
 years, on the Chicago Board of Education. Mr. 
 Vocke is a man of high literary tastes, as shown 
 by his publication, in 1869, of a volume of poems 
 translated from the German, which has been 
 highly commended, besides a legal work on 
 "The Administration of Justice in the United 
 States, and a Synopsis of the Mode of Procedure 
 in our Federal and State Com-ts and All Federal 
 . and State Laws relating to Subjects of Interest 
 to Aliens," which has been published in the Ger- 
 man Language, and is highly valued by German 
 lawyers and business men. Mr. Vocke was a 
 member of the Republican National Convention 
 of 1872 at Philadelphia, which nominated General 
 Grant for the Presidency a second time. 
 
 VOLK, Leonard Wells, a distinguished Illinois 
 sculptor, born at Wellstown (afterwards Wells), 
 N. Y., Nov. 7, 1828. Later, his father, who was 
 a marble cutter , removed to Pittsfield, Mass., 
 and, at the age of 16, Leonard began work in his 
 shop. In 1848 he came west and began model- 
 ing in clay and drawing at St. Louis, being only 
 self-taught. He married a cousin of Stephen A. 
 Douglas, and the latter, in 1855, aided him in 
 the prosecution of his art studies in Italy. Two 
 years afterward he settled in Chicago, where he 
 
 modeled the first portrait bust ever made in the 
 city, having for his subject his first patron — the 
 "Little Giant." The next j'ear (1858) he made a 
 life-size marble statue of Douglas. In 1860 he 
 made a portrait bust of Abraham Lincoln, which 
 passed into the possession of the Chicago His- 
 torical Society and was destroyed in the great fire 
 of 1871. In 1868-69, and again in 1871-72, he 
 revisited Italy for purposes of study. In 1867 he 
 was elected academician of the Chicago Academy, 
 and was its President for eight years. He was 
 genial, companionable and charitable, and always 
 ready to assist his younger and less.fortunate pro- 
 fessional brethren. His best known works are the 
 Douglas Monument, in Chicago, several soldiers' 
 monuments in different parts of the country, 
 the statuary for the Henry Keep mausoleum at 
 Watertown, N. Y. , life-size statues of Lincoln 
 and Douglas, in the State House at Springfield, 
 and numerous portrait busts of men eminent 
 in political, ecclesiastical and commercial life. 
 Died, at Osceola, Wis., August 18, 1895. 
 
 TOSS, Arno, journalist, lawyer and soldier, 
 born in Pru.ssia, April 16, 1821 ; emigrated to the 
 United States and was admitted to the bar in 
 Chicago, in 1848, the same year becoming editor 
 of "The Staats-Zeitung"; was elected City 
 Attorney in 1852, and again m 1853; in 1861 
 became Major of the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, but 
 afterwards assisted in organizing the Twelfth 
 Cavalry, of which he was commissioned Colonel, 
 still later serving with his command in Vir- 
 ginia. He was at Harper's Ferry at the time of 
 the capture of that place in September, 1862, but 
 succeeded in cutting his way, with his command, 
 through the rebel lines, escaping into Pennsyl- 
 vania. Compelled by ill-health to leave the serv- 
 ice in 1863, he retired to a farm in Will County, 
 but, in 1869, returned to Chicago, where he served 
 as Master in Chancery and was elected to the 
 .lower branch of the General Assembly in 1876, 
 but declined a re-election in 1878. Died, in Chi- 
 cago, March 23, 1888. 
 
 WABASH, CHESTER & WESTERN RAIL- 
 ROAD, a railway running from Chester to Mount 
 Vernon, 111., 63.33 miles, with a branch extend- 
 ing from Chester to Menard. 1.5 miles; total 
 mileage, 64.83. It is of standard gauge, and 
 almost entirely laid with 60-pound steel rails. — 
 (History.) It was organized, Feb. 20, 1878, as 
 successor to the Ii-on Mountain, Chester & East- 
 ern Railroad. During the fiscal year 1893-94 the 
 Company purchased the Tamaroa & Mount Ver- 
 non Railroad, extending from Mount Vernon to 
 
546 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Tamaroa, 22.5 miles. Capital stock (1898), §1,- 
 250,000; bonded indebtedness, §690,000; total 
 capitalization, $2,028,573. 
 
 WABASH COUNTY, situated in the southeast 
 corner of the State ; area 220 square miles. The 
 county tvas carved out from Edwards in 1824, 
 and the first court house built at Centerville, in 
 May, 1826. Later, Mount Carmel was made the 
 county-seat. (See Jloiint Carmel.) The Wabash 
 Kiver drains the county on the east; other 
 streams are the Bon Pas, Coffee and Crawfish 
 Creeks. The surface is undulating with a fair 
 growth of timber. The chief industries are the 
 raising of live-stock and the cultivation of cere- 
 als. The wool-crop is likewise valuable. The 
 county is crossed by the Louisville, Evansville & 
 St. Louis and the Cairo and Vincennes Division 
 of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
 Louis Raih-oads. Population (1880), 4,945; (1890), 
 11,866; (1900), 12,583. 
 
 WABASH RAILROAD, an extensive railroad 
 system connecting the cities of Detroit and 
 Toledo, on the east, with Kansas City and Council 
 Bluffs, on the west, with branches to Chicago, St. 
 Louis, Quincy and Altaniont, III., and to Keokuk 
 and Des Jloines, Iowa. The total mileage (1898) 
 is 1,874.96 miles, of which 677.4 miles are in Illi- 
 nois — all of the latter being the property of the 
 company, besides 176.7 miles of yard -tracks, sid- 
 ings and spurs. Tlie company has trackage 
 privileges over the Toledo, Peoria & Western (0.5 
 miles) between Elvaston and Keokuk bridge, and 
 over the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy (21.8 
 miles) between Camp Point and Quincy. — (HIS- 
 TORY.) A considerable portion of this road in 
 Illinois is constructed on the line upon which the 
 Northern Cross Railroad was projected, in the 
 "internal improvement" scheme adoi)ted in 1837, 
 and embraces the only section of road completed 
 \mder that scheme — that between tlie Illinois 
 River and Springfield. (1) The construction of 
 this section was begun by tlie State, May 11, 
 18:57, the first rail laid. May 9, 1838, the road 
 coini»let(fd to Jacksonville, Jan. 1, 1840, and to 
 Spring(i«'ld, May 13, 1H42. It was operated for a 
 time by "mule jiower," but the income was in- 
 HufTirient to keep the line in repair and it was 
 finally alwindoned. In 1847 tlio line was sold for 
 $21,100 to N. H. Ridgelyand Thomas Mather of 
 Si>ring(ii'ld, anrl by them transferred to New 
 York ciipitalists, wlio organized the Sangamon & 
 Morgan Rjiilroad (>)mj>any, recoMHtructed the 
 rfrtwl from Springfield to Naples and ojuined it for 
 biininffHH in 1849. (2) In 1853 two corjiorations 
 wereornanizfifl in Ohio and Indiana, respectively, 
 
 under the name of the Toledo & Illinois RailroEid 
 and the Lake Erie, Wabash & St. Louis Railroad, 
 which were consolidated as the Toledo, Wabash 
 & Western Railroad, June 25, 1856. In 1858 
 these lines were sold separately under foreclo- 
 sure, and finally reorganized, under a special char- 
 ter granted by the Illinois Legislature, under the 
 name of the Great Western Railroad Company. 
 (3) The Quincy & Toledo Railroad, extending 
 from Camp Point to the Illinois River opposite 
 Meredosia, was constructed in 1858-59, and that, 
 with the Illinois & Southern Iowa (from Clay- 
 ton to Keokuk), was united, July 1, 1865, with 
 the eastern divisions extending to Toledo, the 
 new organization taking the name of the main 
 line, (Toledo, Wabash & Western). (4) The 
 Hannibal & Naples Division (49.6 miles), from 
 Bluffs to Hannibal, Mo., was chartered in 1863, 
 opened for bvisiness in 1870 and leased to the 
 Toledo, Wabash & Western. The latter defaulted 
 on its interest in 1875, was placed in the hands 
 of a receiver and, in 1877, was turned over to a 
 new company under the name of the Wabash 
 Railway Company. (5) In 1868 the company, 
 as it then existed, promoted and secured the con- 
 struction, and afterwards acquired the owner- 
 ship, of a line extending from Decatur to East St. 
 Louis (110.5 miles) under the name of the Deca- 
 tur & East St. Louis Railroad. (6) The Eel River 
 Railroad, from Butler to Logansport, Ind., was 
 acquired in 1877, and afterwards extended to 
 Detroit under the name of the Detroit, Butler & 
 St. Louis Railroad, completing the connection 
 from Logansport to Detroit. — In November, 1879, 
 the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Com- 
 pany was organized, took the property and con- 
 solidated it with certain lines west of the 
 Mississippi, of which tlie chief was the St. Louis, 
 Kansas City & Northern. A line had been pro- 
 jected from Decatur to Chicago as early as 1870, 
 but, not having been constructed in 1881, the 
 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific purclui.sed what was 
 known as the Chicago & Paducah Railroad, 
 uniting with the main line at Bement, and (by 
 way of the Decatur and St. Louis Division) giv- 
 ing a direct line between Chicago and St. Louis. 
 At this time the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific was 
 ojierating the following additional leased lines: 
 Pekiii, Lincoln & Decatur (67.2 miles); Hannibal 
 & Central Missouri (70.2 miles); Lafayette, Mun- 
 cie <t Bloomiiigtori (36.7 miles), and the Lafayette 
 Bloomitigton <fe Mtincie (80 miles). A connection 
 between Chicago on the west and Toledo and 
 Detroit on the east was established over the 
 Grand Trunk road in 1882, but, in 1890, the com- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 547 
 
 pany constructed a line from Montpelier, Ohio, to 
 Clark, Ind. (149.7 miles), thence by track lease 
 to Chicago (17.5 miles), giving an independent 
 line between Chicago and Detroit by what is 
 known to investors as the Detroit & Chicago 
 Division. 
 
 The total mileage of the Wabash, St. Louis & 
 Pacific system, in 1884, amounted to over 3,600 
 miles; but, in May of that year, default having 
 been made in the payment of interest, the work 
 of disintegration began. The main line east of 
 the Mississippi and that on the west were sepa- 
 rated, the latter taking the name of the "Wabash 
 Western." The Eastern Division was placed in 
 the hands of a receiver, so remaining until May, 
 1889, when the two divisions, having been 
 bought in by a purchasing committee, were 
 consolidated under the present name. The total 
 earnings and income of the road in Illinois, for 
 the fiscal year 1898, were $4,403,621, and the 
 expenses $4,836,110. The total capital invested 
 (1898) was $139,889,643, including capital stock 
 of $53,000,000 and bonds to the amount of $81,- 
 534,000. 
 
 WABASH EIVER, rises in northwestern Ohio, 
 passes into Indiana, and runs northwest to Hun- 
 tington. It then flows nearly due west to Logans- 
 port, thence southwest to Covington, finally 
 turning southward to Terre Haute, a few miles 
 below which it strikes the western boundary of 
 Indiana. It forms the boundary between Illinois 
 and Indiana (taking into account its numerous 
 windings) for some 300 miles. Below Vincennes 
 it runs in a south-southwesterly direction, and 
 enters the Ohio at the south-west extremity of 
 Indiana, near latitude 37° 49' north. Its length 
 is estimated at 557 miles. 
 
 WABASH & MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. 
 (See Illinois Central Railroad. ) 
 
 WABASH, ST. LOUIS & PACIFIC RAIL- 
 ROAD. (See Wahash Railroad. ) 
 
 WABASH & WESTERN RAILROAD. (See 
 Wahash Railroad.) 
 
 WAIT, William Smith, pioneer, and original 
 suggestor of the Illinois Central Railroad, was 
 born in Portland, Maine, March 5, 1789, and edu- 
 cated in the public schools of his native place. 
 In his youth he entered a book-publishing house 
 in which his father was a partner, and was for a 
 time associated with the publication of a weekly 
 paper. Later the business was conducted at 
 Boston, and extended over the Eastern, Middle, 
 and Southern States, the subject of this sketch 
 making extensive tours in the interest of the 
 firm. In 1817 he made a tour to the West, 
 
 reaching St. Louis, and, early in the following 
 year, visited Bond County, 111., where he made 
 his first entry of land from the Government. 
 Returning to Boston a few months later, he con- 
 tinued in the service of the publishing firm until 
 1820, when he again came to Illinois, and, in 
 1831, began farming in Ripley Township, Bond 
 County. Returning East in 1824, he spent the 
 next ten years in the employment of the publish- 
 ing firm, with occasional visits to Illinois. In 
 1835 he located permanently near Greenville, 
 Bond County, and engaged extensively in farm- 
 ing and fruit-raising, planting one of the largest 
 apple orchards in the State at that early day. In 
 1845 he presided as chairman over the National 
 Industrial Convention in New York, and, in 
 1848, was nominated as the candidate of the 
 National Reform Association for Vice-President 
 on the ticket with Gerrit Smith of New York, 
 but declined. He was also prominent in County 
 and State Agricultural Societies. Mr Wait has 
 been credited with being one of the first (if not 
 the very first) to suggest the construction of the 
 Illinois Central Railroad, which he did as early 
 as 1835; was also one of the prime movers in the 
 construction of the Mississippi & Atlantic Rail- 
 road — now the "Vandalia Line" — giving much 
 time to the latter enterprise from 1846 for many 
 years, and was one of the original incorporators 
 of the St. Louis & Illinois Bridge Company. 
 Died, July 17, 1865. 
 
 WALKER, Cyrus, pioneer, lawyer, born in 
 Rockbridge County, Va., May 14, 1791; was taken 
 while an infant to Adair County, Ky., and came 
 to Macomb, 111. , in 1833, being the second lawyer 
 to locate in McDonough County. He had a wide 
 reputation as a successful advocate, especially in 
 criminal cases, and practiced extensively in the 
 courts of Western Illinois and also in Iowa. Died, 
 Dec. 1, 1875. Mr. Walker was uncle of the late 
 Pinkney H. Walker of the Supreme Court, who 
 studied law with him. He was Whig candidate 
 for Presidential Elector for the State-at-large in 
 1840. 
 
 WALKER, James Barr, clergyman, was born 
 in Philadelphia, July 29, 1805; in his youth 
 served as errand-boy in a country store near 
 Pittsburg and spent four years in a printing 
 office ; then became clerk in the office of Mordecai 
 M. Noah, in New York, studied law and gradu- 
 ated from Western Reserve College, Ohio ; edited 
 various religious papers, including "The Watch- 
 man of the Prairies" (now "The Advance") of 
 Chicago, was licensed to preach by the Presbytery 
 of Chicago, and for some time was lecturer on 
 
548 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 "Harmony between Science and Revealed Reli- 
 gion" at Oberlin College and Chicago Theological 
 Seminarj". He was author of several volumes, 
 one of which — "The Philosophy of the Plan of 
 Salvation," published anonymously under the 
 editorship of Prof. Calvin E. Stowe (1855) — ran 
 through several editions and was translated into 
 five" different languages, including Hindustanee. 
 Died, at Wheaton. 111., March 6, 1887. 
 
 WALKER, James Monroe, corporation lawj-er 
 and Railway President, was born at Claremont, 
 N. H., Feb. 14, 1820. At fifteen he removed with 
 his parents to a iarm in Michigan ; was educated 
 at Oberlin, Ohio, and at the University of Michi- 
 gan, Ann Arbor, graduating from the latter in 
 1849. He then entered a law office as clerk and 
 student, was admitted to the bar the next year, 
 and soon after elected Prosecuting Attorney of 
 Washtenaw County ; was also local attorney for 
 the Michigan Central Railway, for which, after 
 his removal to Chicago in 1853, he became Gen- 
 eral Solicitor. Two years later the firm of Sedg- 
 wick & Walker, which had been organized in 
 Michigan, became attornej's for the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and, until his 
 death, Mr. Walker was associated with this com- 
 pany, either as General Solicitor, General Counsel 
 or President, filling the latter position from 1870 
 to 1875. Mr. Walker organized both the Chicago 
 and Kansas City stock-yards, and was President 
 of these corporations, as also of the Wilmington 
 Coal Company, down to the time of his death, 
 which occurred on Jan. 22, 1881, as a result of 
 heart disease. 
 
 WALKER, (Rev.) Jesse, Methodist Episcopal 
 missionary, was born in Rockingham County, 
 Va., June 9, 1766; in 1800 removed to Tennessee, 
 became a traveling preacher in 1802, and, in 
 1806, came to Illinois under the presiding-elder- 
 ship of Rev. William MciKendree (afterwards 
 Bisljop), locating first at Turkey Hill, St. Clair 
 County. In 1807 he held a camp meeting near 
 Edwardsville — tlie first on Illinois soil. Later, 
 he transferred his labors to Nortlicrn Illinois; 
 was at Peoria in 1824; at Ottawa in 1825, and 
 devoted much time to nii8.sionary work among 
 the Pottawatomies, maintaining a school among 
 them for a time. He vi.siteil Chicago in 1826, and 
 there is eviden<;othat ho was a prominent nssident 
 then; for Wiveral years, occupying a log house, 
 whicli he UHed as a (rliur(;h and living-room, on 
 "Wolf Point" at the junction of the Nortli and 
 S*juth HranclK's of the Cliicago River. While 
 acting iiH HUperintenilcnt of tlic; Fox Rivr-r mis- 
 sion, hill reuideuce uifitearu to liuvo been ut Plain- 
 
 field, in the northern part of Will County. Died, 
 Oct. 5, 1835. 
 
 WALKER, Plnkney H., lawyer and jurist, 
 was born in Adair Count}', Ky., June 18, 1815. 
 His boj'hood was chiefly passed in farm work and 
 as clerk in a general store; in 1834 he came to Illi- 
 nois, settling at Rushville, where he worked in a 
 store for four years. In 1838 he removed to 
 Macomb, where he began attendance at an acad- 
 emy and the study of law with his uncle, Cj'rus 
 Walker, a leading lawyer of his time. He was 
 admitted to the bar in 1839, practicing at Macomb 
 until 1848, when he returned to Rushville. In 
 1853 he was elected Judge of the Fifth Judicial 
 Circuit, to fill a vacancy, and re-elected in 1855. 
 This position he resigned in 1858, having been 
 appointed, by Governor Bissell, to fill the vacancy 
 on the bench of the Supreme Court occasioned by 
 the resignation of Judge Skinner. Two months 
 later he was elected to the same position, and 
 re-elected in 1867 and '76. He presided as Chief 
 Justice from January, 1864, to June, '67, and 
 again from June, 1874, to June, '75. Before the 
 expiration of his last term he died, Feb. 7, 1885. 
 
 WALL, George Willard, lawyer, politician and 
 Judge, was born at Chillicothe, Ohio, April 22, 
 1839; brought to Perry County, 111., in infancy, 
 and received his preparatory education at McKen. 
 dree College, finally graduating from the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan in 1858, and from the 
 Cincinnati Law School in 1859, when he began 
 practice at Duquoiu, 111. He was a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and, from 
 1864 to '68, served as State's Attorney for the 
 Third Judicial District ; was also a Delegate to the 
 State Constitutional Convention of 1869-70. In 
 1872 he was an unsuccessful Democratic candi- 
 date for Congress, although running ahead of his 
 ticket. In 1877 he was elected to the bench of 
 the Third Circuit, and re-elected in '79, '85 and 
 '91, much of the time since 1877 being on duty 
 upon the Appellate bench. His home is at 
 Du(iuoin. 
 
 WALLACE, (Rov.) Peter, D.D., clergyman 
 and soldier; was born in Mason County, Ky., 
 April 11, 1813; taken in infancy to Brown 
 County, Ohio, where he grew up on a farm until 
 15 years of age, wlien he was apprenticed to a 
 carpenter; at tlie age of 20 came to Illinois, 
 whore he became a contractor and builder, fol- 
 lowing this occu])ation for a number of years. Ho 
 was converted in 1835 at Si)ringfiold, 111., and, 
 some years lat(!r, liaving decided to enter the 
 ministry, was admitted to tiio Illinois Conference 
 as a deacon by liisliop H. S. Janes in 1855, and 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 549 
 
 placed in charge of the Danville Circuit. Two 
 years later he was ordained by Bishop Scott, and, 
 in the next few years, held pastorates at various 
 places in the central and eastern parts of the 
 State. From 1867 to 1874 he was Presiding Elder 
 of the Mattoon and Quincy Districts, and, for six 
 years, held the position of President of the Board 
 of Trustees of Chaddock College at Quincy, from 
 which he received the degree of D.D. in 1881. 
 In the second year of the Civil War he raised a 
 company in Sangamon County, was chosen 
 its Captain and assigned to the Seventy-third 
 Illinois Volunteers, known as the "preachers' 
 regiment" — all of its officers being ministers. In 
 1864 he was compelled by ill-health to resign his 
 commission. While pastor of the church at Say- 
 brook, 111., he was offered the position of Post- 
 master of that place, which he decided to accept, 
 and was allowed to retire from the active minis- 
 try. On retirement from office, in 1884, he 
 removed to Chicago. In 1889 he was appointed 
 by Governor Fifer the first Chaplain of tlie Sol- 
 diers' and Sailors' Home at Quincy, but retired 
 some four years afterward, when he returned to 
 Chicago. Dr. Wallace w-as an eloquent and 
 effective preacher and continued to preach, at 
 intervals, until within a short time of his decease, 
 which occurred in Chicago, Feb. 21, 1897, in his, 
 84th year. A zealous patriot, he frequently 
 spoke very effectively upon the political rostrum. 
 Originally a Whig, he became a Republican on 
 the organization of that party, and took jjride in 
 the fact that the first vote he ever cast was for 
 Abraham Lincoln, for Representative in the Legis- 
 lature, in 1834. He was a Knight Templar, Vice- 
 President of the Tippecanoe Club of Chicago, 
 and, at his death. Chaplain of America Post, No. 
 708, G. A. R. 
 
 WALLACE, William Henry Lamb, lawyer and 
 soldier, was born at Urbana, Ohio, July 8, 1821 ; 
 brought to Illinois in 1833, his father settling 
 near La Salle and, afterwards, at Mount Morris, 
 Ogle County, where young Wallace attended the 
 Rock River Seminary ; was admitted to the bar in 
 1845; in 1846 enlisted as a private in the First Illi- 
 nois Volunteers (Col. John J. Hardin's regiment), 
 for the Mexican War, rising to the rank of Adju- 
 tant and participting in the battle of Buena Vista 
 (where his commander was killed), and in other 
 engagements. Returning to his profession at 
 Ottawa, he served as District Attorney (1852-56), 
 then became partner of his father-in-law, Col. 
 T. Lyle Dickey, afterwards of the Supreme Court. 
 In April, 1861, he was one of the first to answer 
 the call for troops by enlisting, and became Colo- 
 
 nel of the Eleventh Illinois (three-months' 
 men), afterwards re-enlisting for three years. 
 As commander of a brigade he participated in 
 the capture of Forts Henry and Donel.son, in Feb- 
 ruary, 1862, receiving promotion as Brigadier- 
 General for gallantry. At Pittsburg Landing 
 (Shiloh), as commander of Gen. C. F. Smith's 
 Division, devolving on him on account of the 
 illness of his superior officer, he showed great 
 courage, but fell mortally wounded, dying at 
 Charleston, Tenn., April 10, 1862. His career 
 promised great brilliancy and his loss was greatly 
 deplored.— Martin R. M. ( Wallace), brother of 
 the preceding, was born at Urbana, Ohio, Sept. 
 29, 1829, came to La Salle County, III, with his 
 father's family and was educated in the local 
 schools and at Rock River Seminary ; studied law 
 at Ottawa, and was admitted to the bar in 1856, 
 soon after locating in Chicago. In 1861 he 
 assisted in organizing the Fourth Regiment Illi- 
 nois Cavalry, of which he became Lieutenant- 
 Colonel, and was complimented, in 1865, with tlie 
 rank of brevet Brigadier-General. After the 
 war he served as Assessor of Internal Revenue 
 (1866-69) ; County Judge (1869-77) ; Prosecuting 
 Attorney (1884); and, for many years past, has 
 been one of the Justices of the Peace of the city 
 of Chicago. 
 
 WALNUT, a town of Bureau County, on the 
 Mendota and Fulton branch of the Chicago, Bur- 
 lington & Quincy Railroad, 26 miles west of 
 Mendota; is in a farming and stock-raising dis- 
 trict ; has two banks and two newspapers. Popu- 
 lation (1890), 605; (1900), 791. 
 
 WAR OF 1812. Upon the declaration of war 
 by Congress, in June, 1812, the Pottawatomies, 
 and most of the other tribes of Indians in the 
 Territory of Illinois, strongly sympathized with 
 the British. The savages had been hostile and 
 restless for .some time previoiys, and blockhouses 
 and family forts had been erected at a number 
 of points, especially in the settlements most 
 exposed to the incursions of the savages. Gov- 
 ernor Edwards, becoming apprehensive of an 
 outbreak, constructed Fort Russell, a few miles 
 from Edwardsville. Taking the field in person, 
 he made this his headquarters, and collected a 
 force of 250 mounted volunteers, who were later 
 reinforced by two companies of rangers, under 
 Col. William Russell, numbering about 100 men. 
 An independent company of twenty-one spies, of 
 which John Reynolds — afterwards Governor — 
 was a member, was also formed and led by Capt. 
 Samuel Judy. The Governor organized his little 
 army into two regiments under Colonels Rector 
 
550 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 and Stephenson, Colonel Russell serving as 
 second to the commander-in-chief, other mem- 
 bers of his staff being Secretarj- Nathaniel Pope 
 and Robert K. McLaughlin. On Oct. 18, 1812, 
 Governor Edwards, with his men, set out for 
 Peoria, where it was expected that their force 
 would meet that of General Hopkins, who had 
 been sent from Kentucky witli a force of 2,000 
 men. En route, two Kickapoo villages were 
 burned, and a number of Indians unnecessarily 
 slain by Edwards" party. Hopkins had orders to 
 disperse the Indians on the Illinois and Wabash 
 Rivers, and destroy their villages. He deter- 
 mined, however, on reaching the headwaters of 
 the Vermilion to proceed no farther. Governor 
 Edwards reached the head of Peoria Lake, but, 
 failing to meet Hopkins, returned to Fort Russell. 
 About the same time Capt. Thomas E. Craig led 
 a party, in two boats, up the Illinois River to 
 Peoria. His boats, as he alleged, having been 
 fired upon in the night by Indians, who were har- 
 bored and protected by the French citizens of 
 Peoria, he burned the greater part of the village, 
 and capturing the population, carried them down 
 the river, putting them on shore, in the early joart 
 of the winter, just below Alton. Other desultory 
 expeditions marked the campaigns of 1813 and 
 1814. The Indians meanwhile gaining courage, 
 remote settlements were continually harassed 
 by uiarauding bands. Later in 1814, an expedi- 
 tion, led by ]\Iajor (afterwards President) Zachary 
 Taylor, ascended the Mississijipi as far as Rock 
 Island, where he found a large force of Indians, 
 supported by Britisli regulars with artillery. 
 Finding himself unable to cope with so formida- 
 ble a foe, JIajor Taylor retreated down the river. 
 On tlie site of tlie present town of Warsaw he 
 threw up fortifications, which lie named Fort 
 Edwards, from which point he was subsecjuently 
 compelled to retreat. The same year tlie British, 
 with their Indian .allies, descended from Macki- 
 nac, captured Prairie du Cliien, and burned Forts 
 Madison and Jolmston, after which they retired 
 to Cap au Gris. Tlie treaty of (ilierit, signed 
 Dec. 24, 1814, closed tlie war, althougli no formal 
 treaties were made witli tlie tribes until the; year 
 following. 
 
 WAK OF THi: HFIiKLLION. At the outbreak 
 of the Civil War, the cxciCMitive chair, in Illinois, 
 was occui»ied by fJov. Richard Yates. Ininuidi- 
 ately uik>m the issuance of Pr(!sident Lin(;oIirs 
 first call for troojis ^.\i)ril M, 1801;, tlu; Govt^rnor 
 itviximl IiIh profilamation summoning the Ii(!gisla- 
 tiire together in Hp(!cial session and, the same 
 day, ijMued a ("ill for "six rogiments of militia," 
 
 the quota assigned to the State under call of the 
 President. Public excitement was at fever heat, 
 and dormant patriotism in both sexes was 
 aroused as never before. Party lines were 
 broken down and, with comparativelj' few excep- 
 tions, the mass of the people were actuated by a 
 common sentiment of patriotism. On April 19, 
 Governor Yates was instructed, by the Secretarj' 
 of War, to take possession of Cairo as an important 
 strategic point. At that time, tlie State militia 
 organizations were few in number and poorly 
 equipped, consisting chiefly of independent com- 
 panies in the larger cities. The Governor acted 
 with great i>romptitude, and, on April 21, seven 
 companies, numbering 595 men, commanded by 
 Gen. Richard K. Swift of Chicago, were en route 
 to Cairo. The first volunteer company to tender 
 its services, in response to Governor Yates' proc- 
 lamation, on April 16, was the Zouave Graj's of 
 Springfield. Eleven other companies were ten- 
 dered the same day, and, by the evening of the 
 18th, the number liad been increased to fifty. 
 Simultaneously with these proceedings, Chicago 
 bankers tendered to the Governor a war loan of 
 8500,000, and those of Springfield, §100,000. The 
 Legislature, at its special session, passed acts in- 
 creasing the efficiency of the militia law, and 
 provided for the creation of a war fund of §2,- 
 000,000. Besides the six regiments already called 
 for, the raising of ten additional volunteer regi- 
 ments and one battery of light artillery was 
 authorized. The last of the six regiments, 
 apportioned to Illinois under the first presidential 
 call, was disiiatched to Cairo early in May. The 
 six regiments were numbered the Seventh to 
 Twelfth, inclusive — the earlier numbers. First to 
 Sixth, being conceded to tlie six regiments which 
 had served in the war with Mexico. The regi- 
 ments were commanded, respectively, by Colonels 
 John Cook, Richard J. Oglesby, Eleazer A. Paine, 
 James D. Morgan, William H. L. Wallace, and 
 John McArthiir, constitutiing tlie "First Brigade 
 of Illinois Volunteers." Benjamin M. Prentiss, 
 having been chosen Brigadier-General on arrival 
 at (.'airo, assumed coinniand, relieving General 
 Swift. The (juota under the second call, consist- 
 ing of ten regiments, was mustered into service 
 within sixty days, 200 comjiaiiies being tendered 
 immediately. Many more volunteered than could 
 be, ac(;ei)ted, and large numbers cro.ssed to Mis- 
 souri and enlisted in regiments forming in that 
 State. During June and .July the SiH^rctary of 
 War aiitliorizcMl (Jovernor Yates to recruit twenty- 
 two ■■idditional regiments (sin'ciitecii infantry and 
 five cavalry), which were proinjjtly raised. On 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 551 
 
 July 23, the day following the defeat of the Union 
 army at Bull Run, President Lincoln called for 
 500,000 more volunteers. Governor Yates im- 
 mediately responded with an offer to the War 
 Department of sixteen more regiments (thirteen 
 of infantry and three of cavalry), and a battalion 
 of artillery, adding, that the State claimed it as 
 . her right, to do her full share toward the preser- 
 vation of the Union. Under supplemental author- 
 ity, received from the Secretary of War in 
 August, 1861, twelve additional regiments of in- 
 fantry and five of cavalry were raised, and, by De- 
 cember, 1861, the State had 43,000 volunteers in 
 the field and 17,000 in camps of instruction. 
 Other calls were made in July and August, 1803, 
 each for 300,000 men. Illinois' quota, under both 
 calls, was over 53,000 men, no regard being paid 
 to the fact that the State had already furnished 
 16,000 troops in excess of its quotas under previ- 
 ous calls. Unless this number of volunteers was 
 raised by September 1, a draft would be ordered. 
 The tax was a severe one, inasmuch as it would 
 fall chiefly upon the prosperous citizens, the float- 
 ing population, the idle and the extremely poor 
 having already followed the army's march, either 
 as soldiers or as camp-followers. But recruiting 
 was actively carried on, and, aided by liberal 
 bounties in many of the counties, in less than a 
 fortnight the 53,000 new troops were secured, the 
 volunteers coming largely from the substantial 
 classes — agricultural, mercantile, artisan and 
 professional. By the end of December, fifty-nine 
 regiments and four batteries had been dispatched 
 to the front, besides a considerable number to fill 
 up regiments already in the field, which had suf- 
 fered severely from battle, exposure and disease. 
 At this time, Illinois had an aggregate of over 
 135,000 enlisted men in the field. The issue of 
 President Lincoln's preliminary proclamation of 
 emancipation, in September, 1863, was met by a 
 storm of hostile criticism from his political 
 opponents, who — aided by the absence of so 
 large a proportion of the loyal population of the 
 State in the field — were able to carry the elec- 
 tions of that year. Consequently, when the 
 Twenty-third General Assembly convened in 
 regular session at Springfield, on Jan. 5, 1863, a 
 large majority of that body was not only opposed 
 to both the National and State administrations, 
 but avowedly opposed to the further prosecution 
 of the war under the existing policy. The Leg- 
 islature reconvened in June, but was prorogued 
 by Governor Yates Between Oct. 1, 1863, and 
 July 1, 1864, 16,000 veterans re-enlisted and 
 .87,000 new volunteers were enrolled; and, by the 
 
 date last mentioned, Illinois had furnished to the 
 Union army 344,496 men, being 14,596 in ex- 
 cess of the allotted quotas, constituting fifteen 
 per cent of the entire population. These were 
 comprised in 151 regiments of infantry, 17 of 
 cavalry and two complete regiments of artillery, 
 besides twelve independent batteries. The total 
 losses of Illinois organizations, during the war, 
 has been reported at 34,834, of which 5,874 were 
 killed in battle, 4,030 died from wounds, 33,786 
 from disease and 3,154 from other causes — being 
 a total of thirteen per cent of the entire force of 
 the State in the service. Tlie part which Illinois 
 played in tlie contest was conspicuous for patriot- 
 ism, promptness in response to every call, and 
 the bravery and efficiency of its troops in the 
 field — reflecting honor upon the State and its his- 
 tory. Nor were its loyal citizens — who, while 
 staying at home, furnished moral and material 
 support to the men at the front — less worthy of 
 praise than those who volunteered. By uphold- 
 ing the Government — National and State — and 
 by their zeal and energy in collecting and sending 
 forward immense quantities of supplies — surgical, 
 medical and other — often at no little sacrifice, 
 tliey contributed much to the success of the 
 Union arms. (See also Camp Douglas; Camp 
 Douglas Conspiracy; Secret Treasonable Soci- 
 eties.) 
 
 WAR OF THE REBELLION (History of Illi- 
 nois Regiments). The following is a list of the 
 various military organizations mustered into the 
 service during the Civil War (1861-65), with the 
 terms of service and a summary of the more 
 important events in the history of each, while 
 in the field : 
 
 Seventh Infantry. Illinoi.'^ having sent six 
 regiments to the Mexican War, by courtesy the 
 numbering of the regiments which took part in 
 the war for the Union began with number 
 Seven. A number of regiments which responded 
 to the first call of the President, claimed the right 
 to be recognized as the first regiment in the 
 field, but the honor was finally accorded to that 
 organized at Springfield by Col. John Cook, and 
 hence his regiment was numbered Seventh. It 
 was mustered into the service, April 35, 1861, and 
 remained at Mound City during the three months' 
 service, the period of its first enlistment. It was 
 subsequently reorganized and mustered for the 
 three years' service, July 35, 1861, and was 
 engaged in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, 
 Corinth, Cherokee, Allatoona Pass, Salkahatchie 
 Swamp, Bentonville and Columbia. The regi- 
 ment re-enlisted as veterans at Pulaski, Tenn., 
 
552 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Dec. 23, I860; was mustered out at Louisville, 
 Julj- 9, 180.1, and paid olf and discharged at 
 Springfield. July 11. 
 
 Eighth I>fastry. Organized at Springfield, 
 and mustered in for three months" service, April 
 26, 1861, Richard J. Oglesby of Decatur, being 
 appointed Colonel. It remained at Cairo during 
 its term of service, when it was mustered out. 
 July 25, 1861, it was reorganized and mvistered in 
 for three years' service. It participated in the 
 battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Port Gibson, 
 Thompson Hill. Raymond, Champion Hill, Vicks- 
 burg, Brownsville, and Spanish Fort ; re-enlisted 
 as veterans, March 24, 1864 ; was mustered out at 
 Baton Rouge, May 4, 1866, paid off and dis- 
 charged, May 13, having served five years. 
 
 Ninth Ixfantry. Mustered into the service 
 at Springfield, April 26, 1861, for the term of 
 three months, under Col. Eleazer A. Paine. It 
 was reorganized at Cairo, in August, for three 
 years, being composed of companies frona St. 
 Clair, ]^Iadison, Montgomery, Pulaski, Alexander 
 and Mercer Counties ; was engaged at Fort Donel- 
 son, Shiloh, Jackson (Tenn.), Meed Creek 
 Swamps, Salem, Wyatt, Florence, Montezuma, 
 Athens and Grenada. The regiment was mounted, 
 March 15, 1863, and so continued during the 
 remainder of its service. Mustered out at Louis- 
 ville, July 9, 1865. 
 
 Tenth Infantry. Organized and mustered 
 into the service for three months, on April 29, 
 1861, at Cairo, and ou July 29, 1861, was mustered 
 into the .service for three years, with Col. James 
 D. Morgan in command. It was engaged at 
 Sykeston, New Madrid, Corinth, Missionary 
 Ri<lge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw, 
 Cliattahoochie, Savannah and Bentonville. Re- 
 enlisted as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864, and mustered 
 out of service, July 4, 1805, at Louisville, and 
 received final discharge and i)ay, July 11, 1865, 
 at Cliicago. 
 
 Elkvk.nth Ixfantuv. Organized at Spring- 
 field and mustered into .servi(!o, April 30, 1861, 
 for tliree months. July 30, the regiment was 
 mustered out, and re-enlisted for three years' 
 service. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, 
 Sliiloli. Corintli, Tallahatcliie, Vicksburg, Liver- 
 p(K)l Heights, Yazoo City, Spanish Fort and 
 Fort Blakely. W. 11. L. Wallace, afterwards 
 Brigfidir-r General and killed at Shiloh, was its 
 first Colonel. Mustr-rcsd out of service, at Baton 
 liouge, July 14, IH65; i)aid off and discharged at 
 Springfield. 
 
 TwF.I,^■T(^ Infa.ntky. Mustered into service 
 ff>r three yejirH, Auguat 1, 1801; was engaged at 
 
 Columbus, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Lay's 
 Ferry, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw, 
 Nickajack Creek, Bald Knob, Decatur, Ezra 
 Church, Atlanta, Allatoona and Goldsboro. On 
 Jan. 16, 1864, tlie regiment re-enlisted as veter- 
 ans. John McArthur was its first Colonel, suc- 
 ceeded by Augustus L. Chetlain, both being 
 promoted to Brigadier-Generalships. Mustered 
 out of service at Louisville, Ky., July 10, 1865, 
 and received final pay and discharge, at Spring- 
 field, July 18. 
 
 Thirteenth Infantry. One of the regiments 
 organized under the act known as the "Ten Regi- 
 ment Bill" ; wasmustered into service on May 24, 
 1861, for three years, at Dixon, with John B. 
 Wyman as Colonel; was engaged at Chickasaw 
 Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Mis- 
 sionary Ridge, Rossville and Ringgold Gap. 
 Mustered out at Springfield, June 18, 1864, hav- 
 ing served three years and two months. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry. One of the regiments 
 raised under the "Ten Regiment Bill," which 
 anticipated the requirements of the General 
 Government by organizing, equipping and dril- 
 ling a regiment in each Congressional District in 
 the State for thirty days, unless sooner required 
 for service by the United States. It was mustered 
 in at Jacksonville for three years. May 25, 1861, 
 under command of John M. Palmer as its first 
 Colonel ; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Meta- 
 mora, Vicksburg, Jackson, Fort Beauregard and 
 Meridian ; consolidated with the Fifteenth Infan- 
 try, as a veteran battalion (both regiments hav- 
 ing enlisted as veterans), on July 1, 1864. In 
 October, 1864, the major part of the battalion 
 was captured by General Hood and sent to 
 Andersonville. The remainder participated in 
 the "March to the Sea, " and through the cam- 
 paign in the Carolinas. In the spring of 1865 the 
 battalion organization was discontinued, both 
 regiments having been filled up by recruits. Tlie 
 regiment was mvistered out at Fort Leaven- 
 worth, Kan., Sept. 10, 1865; and an-ived at 
 S])ringfield, 111., Sept. 22, 2865, where it received 
 final payment and disciharge. Tlie aggregate 
 number of men who belonged to this organization 
 was 1,980, and the aggregate mustered out at 
 Fort Leavenworth, 480. During its four years 
 and four months of service, the regiment 
 marched 4, ■190 miles, traveled by rail, 2,330 miles, 
 and, by river, 4, '190 miles — making an aggregate 
 of 11,670 miles. 
 
 Fiftki;ntii Infantry. Raised undc^rtlie "Ten 
 Regiment Act," in the (tluin) l''irst Congressional 
 District; was organized at Froeport, and mus- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 553: 
 
 tered into service. May 24, 1861. It was engaged 
 at Sedalia, Shiloh, Corinth, Metaniora Hill, 
 Vicksburg, Fort Beauregard, Champion Hill, 
 AUatoona and Bentonville. In March, 1864, the 
 regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, in July, 
 
 1864, was consolidated with the Fourteenth Infan- 
 try as a Veteran Battalion. At Big Shanty and 
 Ackworth a large portion of the battalion was 
 captured by General Hood. At Raleigh the 
 Veteran Battalion was discontinued and the 
 Fifteenth reorganized. From July 1, to Sept. 1, 
 
 1865, the regiment was stationed at Forts Leaven- 
 worth and Kearney. Having been mustered out 
 at Fort Leavenworth, it was sent to Springfield 
 for final payment and discharge — having served 
 four years and four months. Miles marched, 
 4,399; miles by rail, 2,403, miles by steamer, 
 4,310; men enlisted from date of organization, 
 1,963; strength at date of muster-out, 640. 
 
 Sixteenth Infantry. Organized and mus- 
 tered into service at Quincy under the "Ten-Regi- 
 ment Act," May 24, 1861. The regiment was 
 engaged at New Madrid, Tiptonville, Corinth, 
 Buzzards' Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw Moun- 
 tain, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, 
 Atlanta, Savannah, Columbia, Fayetteville, 
 Averysboro and Bentonville. In December, 
 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans; was 
 mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 8, 1865, 
 after a term of service of four years and three 
 months, and, a week later, arrived at Spring- 
 field, where it received its final pay and discharge 
 papers. ■ 
 
 Seventeenth Infantry. Mustered into the 
 service at Peoria, 111., on May 24, 1861; was 
 engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Greenfield 
 (Ark.), Shiloh, COrinth, Hatchie and Vicksburg. 
 In May, 1864, the term of enlistment having 
 expired, the regiment was ordered to Sjiringfield 
 for pay and discharge. Those men and officers 
 who re-enlisted, and those whose term had not 
 expired, were consolidated with the Eighth Infan- 
 try, which was mustered out in the spring of 1866. 
 
 Eighteenth Infantry. Organized under the 
 provisions of the "Ten Regiment Bill," at Anna, 
 and mustered into the service on Ma}' 28, 1861, 
 the term of enlistment being for three years. 
 The regiment participated in the capture of Fort 
 McHenry, and was actively engaged at Fort 
 Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth. It was mustered 
 out at Little Rock, Dec. 16, 1865, and Dec. 31, 
 thereafter, arrived at Springfield, 111., for pay- 
 ment and discharge. The aggregate enlistments 
 in the regiment, from its organization to date of 
 discharge (rank and file), numbered 2,043. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry. Mustered into the 
 United States service for three years, June 1~, 
 1861, at Chicago, embracing four companies 
 which had been accepted under the call for three 
 months' men; participated in the battle of 
 Stone River and in the TuUahoma and Chatta- 
 nooga campaigns; was also engaged at Davis' 
 Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge and 
 Resaca. It was mustered out of service on July 
 9, 1804, at Chicago. Originally consisting of 
 nearly 1,000 men, besides a large number of 
 recruits received during the war, its strength at 
 the final inuster-out was less than 350. 
 
 Twentieth Infantry. Organized, May 14, 
 1861, at Joliet, and June 13, 1861, and mustered 
 into the service for a term of three years. It 
 participated in the following engagements, bat- 
 tles, sieges, etc. : Fredericktown (Mo. ), Fort 
 Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Thompson's Planta- 
 tion, Champion Hills, Big Black River, Vicks- 
 burg, Kenesaw Mountain and Atlanta. After 
 marching through the Carolinas, the regiment 
 was finally ordered to Louisville, where it was- 
 mustered out, July 16, 1865, receiving its final 
 discharge at Chicago, on July 24. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry. Organized under 
 the "Ten Regiment Bill," from the (then) Sev- 
 enth Congressional District, at Mattoon, and 
 mustered into service for three years, June 28, 
 1861. Its first Colonel was U. S. Grant, who was 
 in command until August 7, when he was com- 
 missioned Brigadier-General. It was engaged 
 at Fredericktown (Mo.), Corinth, Perry ville, Mur- 
 freesboro, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Jonesboro, 
 Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted 
 as veterans, at Chattanooga, in February, 1864. 
 From June, 1864, to December, 1865, it was on. 
 duty in Texas. Mustered out at San Antonio, 
 Dec. 16, 1865, and paid off and discharged at 
 Springfield, Jan. 18, 1866. 
 
 Twenty-second Infantry. Organized at 
 Belleville, and mustered into service, for three 
 years, at Caseyville, 111., June 25, 1861; was 
 engaged at Belmont, Charleston (Mo.), Sikestown, 
 Tiptonville, Farmington, Corinth, Stone River, 
 Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New 
 Hope Church, and all the battles of the Atlanta 
 campaign, except Rocky Face Ridge. It was 
 mustered out at Springfield, July 7, 1864, the vet- 
 erans and recruits, whose term of service had not 
 expired, being consolidated with the Forty-second 
 Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers. 
 
 Twenty-third Infantry. The organization 
 of the Twenty-third Infantry Volunteers com- 
 menced, at Chicago, under the popular name of 
 
 n„ OF ILL LIB. 
 
554 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 the ■"Irish Brigade,"" immediately upon the 
 opening of hostilities at Smnter. The formal 
 muster of the regiment, under the command of 
 Col. James A. ^Mulligan, was made, June 15, 18G1, 
 at Chicago, when it was occupj-ing barracks 
 known as Kane's brewerj- near the river on 
 West Polk Street. It was early ordered to North- 
 ern Missouri, and was doing garrison duty at 
 Lexington, when, in September, 18G1, it surren- 
 dered with the rest of the garrison, to the forces 
 under the rebel General Price, and was paroled. 
 From Oct. 8, 1861, to June 14, 18G2, it was detailed 
 to guard prisoners at Camp Douglas. Thereafter 
 it participated in engagements in the Virginias, 
 as follows: at South Fork, Greenland Gap, Phi- 
 lippi, Hedgeville, Leetown, Maryland Heights, 
 Snicker's Gap, Kernstown, Cedar Creek, Win- 
 chester, Cliarlestown, Berrj-ville, Opequan Creek, 
 Fisher's Hill, Harrisonburg, Hatcher's Run and 
 Petersburg. It also took part in the siege of 
 Richmond and the pursuit of Lee, being present 
 at the surrender at Appomattox. In January 
 and Februarj-, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as 
 veterans, at Greenland Gap, W. Va. In August, 
 1864, the ten companies of the Regiment, then 
 numbering 440, were consolidated into five com- 
 panies and designated, "Battalion, Twenty-third 
 Regiment, Illinois "Veteran Volunteer Infantry. " 
 The regiment was thanked by Congress for its 
 part at Lexington, and was authorized to inscribe 
 Lexington upon its colors. (See also Mulligan, 
 James A.) 
 
 TwEXTY-FOUUTH INFANTRY, (known as the 
 First Hecker Regiment). Organized at Chicago, 
 with two companies — to-wit: the Union Cadets 
 and the Lincoln Rifles — from the three months' 
 service, in June, 1861, and mustered in, July 8, 
 1861. It participated in the battles of Perryville, 
 Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Resaca, Kenesaw 
 Mountain and other engagements in the Atlanta 
 campaign. It was mustered out of service at 
 Chicago, August 6, 1864. A fraction of the regi- 
 ment, whicli had been recruited in the field, and 
 wliose term of .service had not expired at the date 
 of muster out, was organized into one comjjany 
 and attached to the Third Brigade, First Divi- 
 sion, Fourteenth Army Corps, and mustered out 
 at Camp Butler, Augast 1, IHG."}. 
 
 TwKNTY 1 IITM I.NK.\NTKY. Organized from 
 the counties of Kankakee, Iroquois, Ford, Vermil- 
 ion, Douglas, Coles, Champaign and Edgar, and 
 luMhU-n-il intoKfrviceal St. Louis, August 4, 1861. 
 It |>artiri|)at<!d in the liattles of Pea Ridge, Stono 
 Kiver, Chif^kamauga, Missionary Riilge, in the 
 siege of Corinth, tlje battle; of Kenesaw Moun- 
 
 tain, the siege of Atlanta, and innumerable skir- 
 mishes ; was mustered out at Springfield, Sept. 5, 
 1864. During its three years' service the regi- 
 ment traveled 4,963 miles, of which 3,252 were on 
 foot, the remainder by steamboat and railroad. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Infantry. Mustered into serv- 
 ice, consisting of seven companies, at Springfield, 
 August 31, 1861. On Jan. 1, 1864, the regiment 
 re-enlisted as veterans. It was authorized by the 
 commanding General to inscribe upon its ban- 
 ners "New Madrid'' ; "Island No. 10;" "Farming- 
 ton;" "Siege of Corinth;" "luka;" "Corinth — 
 3d and 4th, 1862;" "Resaca;" "Kenesaw;" "Ezra 
 Church;" "Atlanta;" "Jonesboro;" "Griswold- 
 ville;" "McAllister;" "Savannah;" "Columbia," 
 and " Benton ville." It was mustered out at 
 Louisville, July 20, 1865, and paid off and 
 discharged, at Springfield, July 28 — the regiment 
 having marched, during its four years of service, 
 6,931 miles, and fought twenty-eight hard battles, 
 besides innumerable skirmishes. 
 
 Twenty-seventh Infantry'. First organized, 
 with only seven companies, at Springfield, 
 August 10, 1861, and organization completed by 
 the addition of three more companies, at Cairo, 
 on September 1. It took part in the battle of Bel- 
 mont, the siege of Island No. 10, and the battles 
 of Farmington, Nashville, Murfreesboro, Chicka- 
 mauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, 
 Resaca, Calhoun, Adairsville, Dallas, Pine Top 
 Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, as well as in 
 the investment of Atlanta; was relieved from 
 duty, August 35, 1864, while at the front, and 
 mustered out at Springfield, September 20. Its 
 veterans, with the recruits whose term of serv- 
 ice had not expii'ed, were consolidated with the 
 Ninth Infantry. 
 
 Twenty-eighth Infantry. Composed of 
 companies from Pike, Fulton, Scluu'ler, Mason, 
 Scott and Menard Counties; was organized at 
 Springfield, August 15, 1861, and mu.stered into 
 service for three years. It particij)ated in tiie 
 battles of Shiloh and Metamora, the siege of 
 Vicksburg and the battles of .Tackson, Mississippi, 
 and Fort Beauregard, and in the capture of 
 Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. From 
 June, 1864, to March, 1866, it was stationed in 
 Texas, and was mustered out at Brownsville, in 
 tliat State, March 15, 1866, having served four 
 years and seven months. It was di.scliargod, at 
 Springlield, May 13, 1866. 
 
 Twknty-nintii Infantry. Mustered into serv- 
 ice at Springlicdd, August 19, 18()1, and was 
 engaged at Fort Doiielson and Shiloh, and in tlie 
 sieges of (Joi-inth, Vicksburg and Mobile. Eight 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 555 
 
 companies were detailed for duty at Holly Springs, 
 and were there captured by General Van Dorn, 
 in December, 18(52, but were exchanged, six 
 months later. In January, 1864, the regiment 
 re-enlisted as veterans, and, from June, 1864, to 
 November, 1865, was on duty in Texas. It was 
 mustered out of service in that State, Nov. 6, 
 1865, and received final discharge on November 28. 
 
 Thirtieth Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
 field, August 28, 1861 ; was engaged at Belmont, 
 Fort Donelson, the siege of Corinth, Medan 
 Station, Raymond, Champion Hills, the sieges of 
 Vicksburg and Jackson, Big Slianty, Atlanta, 
 Savannah, Pocotaligo, Orangeburg, Columbia, 
 Cheraw, and Fayetteville ; mustered out, July 
 17, 1865, and received final payment and discharge 
 at Springfield, July 27, 1865. 
 
 Thirty-first Infantry. Organized at Cairo, 
 and there mustered into service on Sept. 18, 
 1861 ; was engaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, 
 Shiloh, in the two expeditions against Vicks- 
 burg, at Thompson's Hill, Ingram Heights, Ray- 
 mond, Jackson, Champion Hill, Big Shanty, 
 Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station and 
 Jonesboro; also jjarticipated in the "March to 
 the Sea" and took part in the battles and skir- 
 mishes at Columbia, Cheraw, Fayetteville and 
 Bentonville. A majority of the regiment re- 
 enlisted as veterans in March, 1864. It was 
 mustered out at Louisville, July 19, 1865, and 
 finally discharged at Springfield, July 23. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry. Organized at 
 Springfield and mustered into service, Dec. 31, 
 1861. By special authority from the War Depart- 
 ment, it originally consisted of ten companies of 
 infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery. It was 
 engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the sieges 
 of Corinth and Vicksburg, and in the battles of 
 La Grange, Grand Junction, Metamora, Harrison- 
 burg, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, 
 AUatoona, Savannah, Columbia, Cheraw and 
 Bentonville. In January, 1864, the regiment 
 re-enlisted as veterans, and, in June, 1865, was 
 ordered to Fort Leavenworth. Mustered out 
 there, Sept. 16, 1865, and finally discharged at 
 Springfield. 
 
 Thirty-third Infantry. Organized and mus- 
 tered into service at Springfield in September, 
 1861: was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Port 
 Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, the 
 assault and siege of Vicksburg, siege of Jackson, 
 Fort Esperanza, and in the expedition again.st 
 Mobile. The regiment veteranized at Vicksburg, 
 Jan. 1, 1864; was mustered out, at the same point, 
 Nov. 24, 1865, and finally discharged at Spring- 
 
 field, Dec. 6 and 7, 1865. The aggregate enroll- 
 ment of the regiment was between 1,900 and 
 2,000. 
 
 Thirty-fourth Infantry. Organized at 
 Springfield, Sept. 7, 1861 ; was engaged at Shiloh, 
 Corinth, Murfreesboro, Rocky Face Ridge, Re- 
 saca. Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, 
 Jonesboro, and, after participating in the "March 
 to the Sea" and thi-ough the Carolinas, took part 
 in the battle of Bentonville. After the surrender 
 of Johnston, the regiment went with Sherman's 
 Army to Washington, D. C, and took part in the 
 grand review, May 24, 1865; left Washington, 
 June 12, and arrived at Louisville, Ky., June 18, 
 whei'e it was mustered out, on July 12; was dis- 
 charged and paid at Chicago, July 17, 1865. 
 
 Thirty-fifth Infantry. Organized at De- 
 catur on July 3, 1861, and its services tendered to 
 the President, being accepted by the Secretary of 
 War as "Col. G. A. Smith's Independent Regi- 
 ment of Illinois Volunteers," on July 23, and 
 mustered into service at St. Louis, August 12. It 
 was engaged at Pea Ridge and in the siege of 
 Corinth, also participated in the battles of Perry- 
 ville. Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary 
 Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas and 
 Kenesaw. Its final muster-out took place at 
 Springfield, Sept. 27, 1864, the regiment having 
 marched (exclusive of railroad and steamboat 
 transportation) 3,056 miles. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Camp 
 Hammond, near Aurora, 111., and mustered into 
 service, Sept. 23, 1861, for a term of three years. 
 The regiment, at its organization, numbered 965 
 officers and enlisted men, and had two companies 
 of Cavalry ("A" and "B"), 186 officers and 
 men. It was engaged at Leetown, Pea Ridge, 
 Perryville, Stone River, Chickama^iga, the siege 
 of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Rockj^ Face 
 Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, 
 Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Jones- 
 boro, Franklin and Nashville. Mustered out, 
 Oct. 8, 1865, and disbanded, at Springfield, Oct. 
 27, having marched and been transported, during 
 its term of service, more than 10,000 miles. 
 
 Thirty-seventh Infantry. Familiarly known 
 as "Fremont Rifles"; organized in August, 1861, 
 and mustered into service, Sept. 18. The regi- 
 ment was presented with battle-flags by the Chi- 
 cago Board of Trade. It participated in the 
 battles of Pea Ridge, Neosho, Prairie Grove and 
 Chalk Bluff's, the siege of Vicksburg, and in the 
 battles of Yazoo City and Morgan's Bend. In 
 October, 1863, it was ordered to the defense of the 
 frontier along the Rio Grande; re-enlisted as 
 
556 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 veterans in February, 18G4; took part in the 
 siege and storming of Fort Blakely and the cap- 
 ture of Mobile; from July, ISC!."), to May, 18G6, 
 was again on duty in Texas; was mustered out 
 at Houston, May 15, 18G6, and finally discharged 
 at Springfield, May 31, having traveled some 
 17,000 miles, of which nearly 3,300 were by 
 marching. 
 
 Thirty-eighth Infantry. Organized at 
 Springfield, in September, 1861. The regiment 
 was engaged in the battles of Fredericktown, 
 Perryville, Knob Gap, Stone River, Liberty Gap, 
 Chickamauga, Pine Top, Kenesaw Mountain, 
 Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville; 
 re-enlisted as veterans in February, 1864; from 
 June to December, 1865, was on duty in Louisi- 
 ana and Texas; was mustered out at Victoria, 
 Texas, Dec. 31, 1865, and received final discharge 
 at Springfield. 
 
 Thirty-ninth Infantry. The organization of 
 this Regiment was commenced as soon as the 
 news of the firing on Fort Sumter reached Chi- 
 cago. General Thomas O. Osborne was one of its 
 contemplated field oflScers, and labored zealously 
 to get it accepted under the first call for troops, 
 but did not accomplish his object. The regiment 
 had already assumed the name of the "Yates 
 Phalanx" in honor of Governor Yates. It was 
 accepted by the War Department on the day 
 succeeding the first Bull Run disaster (July 23, 
 1861), and Austin Light, of Chicago, was appointed 
 Colonel. Under his direction the organization was 
 completed, and the regiment left Camp Mather, 
 Chicago, on the morning of Oct. 13, 1861. It par- 
 ticipated in the battles of Winchester, Malvern 
 Hill (the second), Morris Island, Fort Wagner, 
 Drury"s Bluff, and in numerous engagements 
 before Petersburg and Richmond, including the 
 capture of Fort Gregg, and was present at Lee's 
 surrender at Appomattox. In the meantime the 
 regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Hilton Head, 
 S. C. , in Sei)tember, 1803. It was mustered out 
 at Norfolk, Dec. 6, 1865, and received final dis- 
 charge at Cliicago, December 16. 
 
 FoRTiKTii Ini-axthy. Enlisted from tlie coun- 
 ties of Franklin, Hamilton, Wayne, White, 
 Walmsh, Marion, Clay and Fayette, and mustered 
 int^j service for three years at Springfield, 
 August 10, 1861. It was engaged at Sliiloh, in 
 the siege of Corinth, at Jack.son (Mi.ss. ), in tho 
 siege of Vicksbnrg, at Missionary Riilge, New 
 IIo|»e (JJnircli, Black Jack Knob, K(;n(^saw Moun- 
 tain. Atlanta, Jonesbtiro, Ezra Cliup<d, (Jris- 
 woldville, siege of Savannah, Columbia (S. C), 
 and I'xiitonville. It re-enlisted, as veterans, at 
 
 Scottsboro, Ala., Jan. 1, 1864, and was mustered 
 out at Louisville, July 24, 1865, receiving final 
 discharge at Springfield. 
 
 Forty-first Infantry. Organized at Decatur 
 during July and August, 1861, and was mustered 
 into service, August 5. It was engaged at Fort 
 Donelson, Sliiloh, the siege of Corinth, the second 
 battle of Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg and 
 Jackson, in the Red River campaign, at Guntown, 
 Kenesaw Mountain and AUatoona, and partici- 
 pated in the "March to the Sea." It re-enlisted, 
 as veterans, March 17, 1864, at Vicksburg, and 
 was consolidated with the Fifty-third Infantry, 
 Jan. 4, 1865, forming Comjjanies G and H. 
 
 Forty-second Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
 cago, July 22, 1861 ; was engaged at Island No. 10, 
 the siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, 
 Columbia (Tenn.), was besieged at Nashville, 
 engaged at Stone River, in the Tullahoma cam- 
 paign, at Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky 
 Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope 
 Church, Pine and Kenesaw Mountains, Peach 
 Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, 
 Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. It re- 
 enlisted, as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864; was stationed 
 in Texas from July to December, 1865; was mus- 
 tered out at Indianola, in that State, Dec. 16, 
 1865, and finally discharged, at Springfield, Jan. 
 12, 1866. 
 
 Forty-third Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
 field in September, 1861, and mustered into 
 service on Oct. 12. Tlie regiment took part in 
 the battles of Fort Donelson, Sliiloh and in the 
 campaigns in West Tennessee, Mississippi and 
 Arkan.sas; was mustered out at Little Rock, 
 Nov. 30, 1865, and returned to Springfield for 
 final paj' and discharge, Dec. 14, 1865. 
 
 Forty-fourth Infantry. Organized in Au- 
 gust, 1861, at Chicago, and mustered into service, 
 Sept. 13, 1861; was engaged at Pea Ridge, 
 Perryville, Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Siielbj^- 
 villo, TuUahom.a, Chickamauga, Missionary 
 Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, 
 Adairsville, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kene- 
 saw Mountain, (Julp's Farm, Chattahoochie 
 River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, 
 Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlistod 
 as veterans in Tennessee, in January, 1864. 
 From June to September, 1865, it was stationed 
 in FiOuisiana and Texas, was mustered out at 
 Port Lavaca, Hi^)t. 25, 1865, and re(^eived final 
 discharge, at S[)ringliel(l, three weeks later. 
 
 Forty-fifth Infantry. Originally called 
 the "Washburne Ivcad Mine Regiment"; was 
 organized at Gah^iia, July 23, 1H61, and mustered 
 
IIISTOrJCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 557 
 
 into service at Chicago, Dec. 25, 1861. It was 
 engaged at Fort Donelson, Sliiloh, the siege of 
 Corinth, battle of Medan, the campaign against 
 Vicksburg, the Meridian raid, the Atlanta cam- 
 paign, the "March to the Sea," and the advance 
 through the Carolinas. The regiment veteran- 
 ized in January, 1864; was mustered out of serv- 
 ice at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1865, and arrived 
 in Chicago, July 15, 1865, for final pay and dis- 
 charge. Distance marched in four years, 1,750 
 miles. 
 
 Forty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
 field, Dec. 28, 1861; was engaged at Fort Donel- 
 son, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, battle of 
 Metamora, siege of Vicksburg (where five com- 
 panies of the regiment were captured), in the 
 reduction of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley, 
 and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered in 
 as a veteran regiment, Jan. 4, 1864. From May, 
 
 1865, to January, 1866, it was on duty in Louisi- 
 ana ; was mustered out at Baton Rouge, Jan. 20, 
 
 1866, and, on Feb. 1, 1866, finally paid and dis- 
 charged at Sjiringfleld. 
 
 Forty-seventh Infantry. Organized and 
 mustered into service at Peoria, III., on August 
 16, 1861. The regiment took part in the expe- 
 dition against New Madrid and Island No. 10; 
 also participated in the battles of Farmington, 
 luka, the second battle of Corinth, the capture 
 of Jackson, the siege of Vicksburg, the Red 
 River expedition and the battle of PIea,sant Hill, 
 and in the struggle at Lake Chicot. It was 
 ordered to Chicago to assist in quelling an antici- 
 pated riot, in 1864, but, returning to the front, 
 took part in the reduction of Spanish Fort and 
 the capture of Mobile; was mustered out, Jan. 
 21, 1866, at Selma, Ala., and ordered to Spring- 
 field, where it received final pay and discharge. 
 Those members of the regiment who did not re-en- 
 list as veterans were mustered out, Oct. 11, 1864. 
 
 Forty-eighth Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
 field, September, 1861, and participated in battles 
 and sieges as follows: Fort Henry and Fort 
 Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth (siege of), Vicksburg 
 (first expedition against). Missionary Ridge, as 
 well as in the Atlanta campaign and the "March 
 to the Sea." The regiment re-enlisted as veter- 
 ans, at Scottsboro, Ala., Jan. 1, 1864; was mus- 
 tered out, August 15, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark., 
 and ordered to Springfield for final discharge, 
 arriving, August 21, 1865. The distance marched 
 was 3,000 miles; moved by water, 5,000; by rail- 
 road, 3,450~total, 11,450. 
 
 Forty-ninth Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
 field, 111., Dec. 31, 1861; was engaged at Fort 
 
 Donelson, Shiloh and Little Rock; took part in 
 the campaign against Meridian and in the Red 
 River expedition, being in the battle of Pleasant 
 Hill, Jan. 15, 1864; three- fourths of the regiment 
 re-enli.sted and were mustered in as veterans, 
 returning to Illinois on furlough. The non- 
 veterans took part in the battle of Tupelo. The 
 regiment participated in the battle of Nashville, 
 and was mustered out, Sept. 9, 1865, at Paducah, 
 Ky., and arrived at Springfield, Sept, 15, 1865, 
 for final payment and discharge. 
 
 Fiftieth Infantry. Organized at Quincy, in 
 August, 1801, and mustered into service, Sept. 12, 
 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the 
 siege of Corinth, the second battle of Corinth, 
 Allatoona and Bentonville, besides many minor 
 engagements. The regiment was mounted, Nov. 
 17, 1863; re-enlisted as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864, was 
 mustered out at Louisville, July 13, 1865, and 
 reached Springfield, the following day, for final 
 pay and discharge. 
 
 Fifty-first Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
 cago, Dec. 24, 1861 ; was engaged at New Madrid, 
 Island No. 10, Farmington, the siege of Corinth, 
 Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, 
 Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw 
 Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jones- 
 boro. Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. The 
 regiment was mustered in as veterans, Feb. 16, 
 1864; from July to September, 1865, was on duty 
 in Texas, and mustered out, Sept. 25, 1865, at 
 Camp Irwin, Texas, arriving at Springfield, 111., 
 Oct. 15, 1865, for final payment and discharge. 
 
 Fifty-second Infantry. Organized at Ge- 
 neva in November, 1861, and mustered into serv- 
 ice, Nov. 19. The regiment participated in the 
 following battles, sieges and expeditions : Shiloh, 
 Corinth (siege and second battle of) , luka. Town 
 Creek, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Lay's Ferry, 
 Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, 
 Nickajack Creek, Decatur, Atlanta, Jonesboro 
 and Bentonville. It veteranized, Jan. 9, 1864; 
 was mustered out at Louisville, July 4, 1865, 
 and received final payment and discharge at 
 Springfield, July 12. 
 
 Fifty-third Infantry. Organized at Ottawa 
 in the winter of 1861-62, and ordered to Chicago, 
 Feb. 27, 1862, to complete its organization. It 
 took part in the siege of Corinth, and was engaged 
 at Davis' Bridge, the siege of Vicksburg, in the 
 Meridian campaign, at Jackson, the siege of 
 Atlanta, the "March to the Sea," the captui'e of 
 Savannah and the campaign in the Carolinas, 
 including the battle of Bentonville. The regi- 
 ment was mustered out of service at Louisville, 
 
558 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 July 22. I860, and received final discharge, at 
 Chicago, July 28. It marched 2,855 miles, and 
 ■was transported bj' boat and cars, 4,168 miles. 
 Over 1.800 officers and men belonged to the regi- 
 ment during its term of service. 
 
 Fifty-fourth Ixfantry. Organized at Anna, 
 in November, 1861, as a part of the "Kentucky 
 Brigade, ■■ and was mustered into service, Feb. 
 18, 1862. No complete history of the regiment 
 can be given, owing to the loss of its official 
 records. It served mainly in Kentucky, Tennes- 
 see, Mississippi and Arkansas, and always effect- 
 ively. Three-fourths of the men re-enlisted as 
 veterans, in January, 1864. Six companies were 
 captm-ed by the rebel General Slielby, in August, 
 1864, and were exchanged, the following De- 
 cember. The regiment was mustered out at 
 Little Rock, Oct. 15, 1865 ; arrived at Springfield, 
 Oct. 26. and was discharged. During its organi- 
 zation, the regiment had 1,342 enlisted men and 
 71 conamissioned officers. 
 
 Fifty-fifth Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
 cago, and mustered into service, Oct. 31, 1861. 
 The regiment originally formed a pai-t of the 
 "Douglas Brigade,"' being chiefly recruited from 
 the young farmers of Fulton, McDonough, 
 Grundy, La Salle, De Kalb, Kane and Winnebago 
 Counties. It participated in the battles of Shiloh 
 and Corinth, and in the Tallahatcliie camijaign; 
 in the battles of Chickasaw Baj'ou, Arkansas 
 Post, around Vicksburg, and at Missionary Ridge ; 
 was in the Atlanta campaign, notably in the 
 battles of Kenesaw Mountain and Jonesboro. In 
 all, it was engaged in thirty-one battles, and was 
 128 days under fire. The total mileage traveled 
 amounted to 11,965, of which 3,240 miles were 
 actuall}' marclied. Re-enlisted as veterans, while 
 at Larkinsville, Tenn.,was mustered out at Little 
 Rock, ,\ugu.st 14, 1865, receiving final discharge 
 at Chicago, the same month. 
 
 Fifty-sixth Infantry. Organized with com- 
 panies i)rincipally enlisted from the counties of 
 Ma.s.sjic, Pope, (Jallatin, Saline, White, Hamilton, 
 Franklin and Wayne, and mustered in at Camp 
 Matlier, near Shawneetown. The regiment par- 
 ticipated in the siege, and second battle, of 
 Corinth, tlie Yazoo expedition, tlie siijge of 
 VickHburg — Ijeing engaged at Champion Hills, 
 and in numerous lusstiults; also took i)art in the 
 battles of Missionary Ridge and Hesaca, and in 
 th<! fainjiaign in the (Jarolinas, including the 
 battle of lU;tit(>nvi\\<i. Home 200 rn(;inlM!rs of tlie 
 fginient jKfrished in a wreck ofT C/.ipc Hatteras, 
 Man^h :jl, lHfi5. It was mustered out in Arkan- 
 aaH, AujcuBt 12, 1865. 
 
 Fifty-seventh Infantry. Mustered into serv- 
 ice, Dec. 26, 1861, at Chicago; took part in the 
 battles of Fort Donelson and Sliiloh, the siege of 
 Corinth, and the second battle at that point ; was 
 also engaged at Resaca, Rome Cross Roads and 
 Allatoona; participated in the investment and 
 capture of Savannah, and the campaign through 
 the Carolinas, including the battle of Benton- 
 ville. It was mustered out at Louisville, July 7, 
 1865, and received final discharge at Chicago, 
 July 14. 
 
 Fifty-eighth Infantry. Recruited at Chi- 
 cago, Feb. 11, 1862; participated in the battles of 
 Fort Donelson and Shiloh, a large number of the 
 regiment being captured during the latter engage- 
 ment, but subsequently exchanged. It took part 
 in the siege of Corinth and the battle of luka, 
 after which detachments were sent to Springfield 
 for recruiting and for guarding prisoners. 
 Returning to the front, the regiment was engaged 
 in the capture of Meridian, the Red River cam- 
 paign, the taking of Fort de Rus.sey, and in many 
 minor battles in Louisiana. It was mustered out 
 at Montgomery, Ala., April 1, 1866, and ordered 
 to Springfield for final payment and discharge. 
 
 Fifty-ninth Infantry. Originally known as 
 the Ninth Missouri Infantry, although . wholly 
 recruited in Illinois. It was oi'ganized at St. 
 Louis, Sept. 18, 1861, the name being changed to 
 the Fifty-ninth Illinois, Feb. 12, 1862, by order of 
 the War Department. It was engaged at Pea 
 Ridge, formed part of the reserve at Farmington, 
 took part at Perryville, Nolansville, Knob Gap 
 and Murfreesboro, in the Tullahoma campaign 
 and the siege of Chattanooga, in the battles of 
 Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Kingston, 
 Dallas, Ackworth, Pine Top, Kenesaw Mountain, 
 Smyrna, Atlanta, Spring Hill, Franklin and 
 Nashville. Having re-enlisted as veterans, the 
 regiment was ordered to Texas, in June, 1865, 
 where it was mustered out, December, 1865, 
 receiving its final discharge at Springfield. 
 
 Sixtieth Infantry. Organized at Anna, 111., 
 Feb. 17, 1862; took part in the siege of Corinth 
 and was besieged at Nashville. The regiment 
 re-enlisted as veterans while at the front, in 
 January, 1864; participated in the battles of 
 Buzzard's Roost, Ringgold, Dalton, Resaca, 
 Rome, Dallas, New IIojh) Church, Kenesaw 
 Mountain, Nitrkajack, Pea(^h Tre(! Creek, Atlanta, 
 Jonesboro, Averysboro and Benton ville; was 
 mustered out at Jjouisville, July 31, 1H65, and 
 received (inal distOiarge at Springfield. 
 
 SiXTV-KiusT Infantry. Organized at Carroll- 
 Ion, III., thr(!() full companies licing nnistcrcd 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 550 
 
 in, Feb. 5, 1862. On February 21, the regiment, 
 being still incomplete, moved to Benton Bar- 
 racks, Mo. , where a suificient number of recruits 
 joined to make nine full companies. The regiment 
 was engaged at Shiloh and Bolivar, took part 
 in the Yazoo expedition, and re-enlisted as veter- 
 ans early in 1864. Later, it took part in the battle 
 of Wilkinson's Pike (near Murfreesboro), and 
 other engagements near that point ; was mustered 
 out at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 8, 1865, and paid 
 off and discharged at Springfield, Septem- 
 ber 27. 
 
 Sixty-second Infantry. Organized at Anna, 
 111., April 10, 1862; after being engaged in several 
 skirmishes, the regiment sustained a loss of 170 
 men, who were captured and paroled at Holly 
 Springs, Miss., by the rebel General Van Dorn, 
 where the regimental records were destroyed. 
 The regiment took part in forcing the evacuation 
 of Little Rock ; re-enlisted, as veterans, Jan. 9, 
 1864 ; was mustered out at Little Rock, March 6, 
 1866, and ordered to Springfield for final payment 
 and discharge. 
 
 Sixty-third Infantry. Organized at Anna, 
 in December, 1861, and mustered into service, 
 April 10, 1862. It participated in the first invest- 
 ment of Vicksburg, the capture of Richmond 
 Hill, La., and in the battle of Missionary Ridge. 
 On Jan. 1, 1864, 272 men re-enlisted as veterans. 
 It took part in the capture of Savannah and in 
 Sherman's march through the Carolinas, partici- 
 pating in its important battles and skirmishes; 
 was mustered out at Louisville, July 13, 1865, 
 reaching Springfield, July 16. The total distance 
 traveled was 6,453 miles, of which 2,250 was on 
 the march. 
 
 Sixty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Spring- 
 field, December, 1861, as the "First Battalion of 
 Yates Sharp Shooters." The last company was 
 mustered in, Dec. 31, 1861. The regiment was 
 engaged at New Madrid, the siege of Corinth, 
 Chambers' Creek, the second battle of Corinth, 
 Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Decatur, the 
 siege of Atlanta, the investment of Savannah and 
 the battle of Bentonville ; re-enlisted as veterans, 
 in January, 1864; was mustered out at Louisville, 
 July 11, 1865, and finally discharged, at Chicago, 
 July 18. 
 
 Sixty-fifth Infantry. Originally known as 
 the "Scotch Regiment"; was organized at Chi- 
 cago, and mustered in. May 1, 1862. It was cap- 
 tured and paroled at Harper's Ferry, and ordered 
 to Chicago; was exchanged in April, 1863; took 
 part in Burnside's defense of Knoxville; re-en- 
 listed as veterans in March, 1864, and participated 
 
 in the Atlanta campaign and the "March to the 
 Sea." It was engaged in battles at Columbia 
 (Tenn.), Franklin and Nashville, and later, near 
 Federal Point and Smithtown, N. C. , being mus- 
 tered out, July 13, 1865, and receiving final pay- 
 ment and discharge at Chicago, July 26, 1865. 
 
 Sixty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Benton 
 Barracks, near St. Louis, Mo., during September 
 and October, 1861— being designed as a regiment 
 of "Western Sharp Shooters" from Illinois, Mis- 
 souri, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Indiana and 
 Ohio. It was mustered in, Nov. 23, 1861, was 
 engaged at Mount Zion (Mo.), Fort Donelson, 
 Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, luka, the second 
 battle of Corinth, in the Atlanta campaign, the 
 "March to the Sea" and the campaign through 
 the Carolinas. The regiment was variously 
 known as the Fourteenth Missouri Volunteers, 
 Birge's Western Sharpshooters, and the Sixty- 
 sixth Illinois Infantry. The latter (and final) 
 name was conferred by the Secretary of War, 
 Nov. 20, 1862. It re-enlisted (for the veteran 
 service), in December, 1863, was mustered out at 
 Camp Logan, Ky., July 7, 1865, and paid off and 
 discharged at Springfield, July 15. 
 
 Sixty-seventh Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
 cago, June 13, 1862, for three months' service, in 
 response to an urgent call for the defense of 
 Washington. The Sixty-seventh, by doing guard 
 duty at the camps at Chicago and Springfield, 
 relieved the veterans, who were sent to the front. 
 
 Sixty-eighth Infantry. Enlisted in response 
 to a call made by the Governor, early in the sum- 
 mer of 1862, for State troops to serve for three 
 months as State Militia, and was mustered in 
 early in June, 1862. It was afterwards mustered 
 into the United States service as Illinois Volun- 
 teers, by petition of the men, and received 
 marching orders, July 5, 1862 ; mustered out, at 
 Springfield, Sept. 26, 1862 — many of the men re- 
 enlisting in other regiments. 
 
 Sixty-ninth Infantry. Organized at Camp 
 Douglas, Chicago, and mustered into service for 
 three months, June 14, 1862. It remained on 
 duty at Camp Douglas, guarding the camp and 
 rebel prisoners. 
 
 Seventieth Infantry. Organized at Camp 
 Butler, near Springfield, and mustered in, July 4, 
 1863. It remained at Camp Butler doing guard 
 duty. Its term of service was three months. 
 
 Seventy-first Infantry. Mustered into serv- 
 ice, July 26, 1862, at Chicago, for three months. 
 Its service was confined to garrison duty in Illi- 
 nois and Kentucky, being mustered out at Chi- 
 cago, Oct. 39, 1862. 
 
560 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Sevexty-secoxd Ixfaxtry. Organized at Chi- 
 cago, as the First Regiment of the Cliicago Board 
 of Trade, and mustered into service for three 
 years, August 23, ISG'2. It was engaged at Cham- 
 pion Hill, Vicksbm-g, Natchez, Franklin, Nash- 
 ville, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely; mustered 
 out of service, at Vicksburg, August 6, 1865, and 
 discharged at Chicago. 
 
 Sevexty-third Infantry. Recruited from 
 the counties of Adams, Champaign, Christian, 
 Hancock, Jackson, Logan, Piatt, Pike, Sanga- 
 mon, Tazewell and Vermilion, and mustered into 
 service at Springfield, August 21, 18G2, J)()0 strong. 
 rt participated in the battles of Stone River, 
 Perryville, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, 
 Resaca, Adairsville, Burnt Hickory, Pine and 
 Lost Mountains, New Hoj^e Church, Kenesaw 
 Mountain. Peach Tree Creek, Sjiring Hill, Frank- 
 lin and Nashville; was mustered out at Nashville, 
 June 12, 1865, and, a few days later, vent to 
 Springfield to receive paj' and final discharge. 
 
 Seventy-fourth Infantry. Organized at 
 Rockford, in August, 1862, and mustered into 
 service September 4. It was recruited from Win- 
 nebago, Ogle and Stephenson Counties. This regi- 
 ment was engaged at Perryville, Murfreesboro 
 and Nolansville, took part in the TuUahoma 
 campaign, and the battles of Missionary Ridge, 
 Resaca, Adair.sville, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, 
 Tunnel Hill, and Rocky Face Ridge, the siege of 
 Atlanta, and the battles of Spring Hill, Franklin 
 and Nashville. It was mustered out at Nashville, 
 June 10, 1865, witli :543 officers .and men, the 
 aggregate number enrolled liaving been 1,001. 
 
 Seventy-fifth Infantry. Organized at 
 Dixon, and mustered into service, Sept. 2, 1862. 
 The regiment i)articipated in the battles of Perry- 
 ville, Nolansville, Stone River, Lookout Mountain, 
 Dalton, Resaca, Marietta, Kenesaw, Franklin and 
 Nashville; wa.s mustered out at Nashville, June 
 12, 1M65, and finally discharged at Chicago, July 
 1. following. 
 
 Si:venty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Kan- 
 kakee, III., in August, 1862, and nuistered into the 
 service, August 22, 1H62; took i)art in the siege of 
 Vicksburg, the engagement at Jackson, the cam- 
 paign against Meridian, the expedition to Yazoo 
 ■City, an<l the (rapture of Mobile, was ordered to 
 Texas in June, 1H65, and mustered out at (ialvcjs- 
 ton. July 22, 1805, being pair] off and disbanded 
 'it Chicago, August 4, 1865— having travelwl 
 10,0(10 MiileH. 
 
 Hkvkxtv-seventii Infantry. Organized and 
 rniiHt«'r<!<l into Wirvir-e, Kept. 3, 1H62, at I'eoria; 
 Tvunengiiged in Hk; liattles of Chickasaw Bayou, 
 
 Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg (including 
 the battle of Champion Hills), the capture of 
 Jackson, the Red River expedition, and the bat- 
 tles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill; the 
 reduction of Forts Gaines and Morgan, and the 
 capture of Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. 
 It was mustered out of service at Mobile, July 
 10, 1865, and ordered to Springfield for final pay- 
 ment and discharge, where it arrived, July 22, 1865, 
 having participated in sixteen battles and sieges. 
 
 Seventy-eighth Infantry. Organized at 
 Quincy, and mustered into sei'vice, Sept. 1, 1862; 
 participated in the battles of Chickamauga, Mis- 
 sionarj' Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, 
 New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach 
 Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Averysboro and 
 Beutonville; was mustered out, June 7, 1865, and 
 sent to Chicago, where it was paid off and dis- 
 charged, June 12, 1865. 
 
 Seventy-nixth Infantry. Organized at Mat- 
 toon, in August, 1862, and mustered into service, 
 August 28, 1862; participated in the battles of 
 Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Mis- 
 sionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Kene- 
 saw Mountain, Dallas, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, 
 Jonesboro, Lovejoy, Franklin and Nashville ; was 
 mustered out, June 12, 1865; arrived at Camp 
 Butler, June 15, and, on June 23, received final 
 pay and discharge. 
 
 Eiuhtieth Infantry. Organized at Centralia, 
 111., in August, 1862, and mustered into service, 
 August 25, 1862. It was engaged at Perryville, 
 Dug's Gap, Sand Mountain and Blunfs Farm, 
 surrendering to Forrest at the latter point. After 
 being exchanged, it participated in the battles of 
 Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge, Dalton, Resaca, 
 Adairsville, Cassville, Dallas, Pine Mountain, 
 Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, 
 Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station and Nash- 
 ville. The regiment traveled 6,000 miles and 
 participated in more than twenty engagements. 
 It was mustered out of service, June 10, 1865, and 
 proceeded to Camp Butler for final pay and 
 discharge. 
 
 Eighty-first Infantry. Recruited from the 
 counties of Perry, Franklin, Williamson, Jack- 
 son, Union, Pulaski and Alexander, and mustered 
 into service at Anna, August 26, 1862. It partici- 
 pated in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, 
 Jackson, Champion Hill, Bla(rk ]{ivor Bridge, and 
 in the siege and cajjturo of Vicksburg. Later, 
 the regiment was (engaged at Fort de Russey, 
 Ale.vandria, CJuntown and Nashville, besides 
 assisting in the investment of Mobile. It was 
 imist('r(!ii out at ( !lii(riigo, August 5, ISO). 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 561 
 
 Eighty-second Infantry. Sometimes called 
 the "Second Hacker Regiment," in honor of Col- 
 onel Frederick Hecker, its first Colonel, and for 
 merly Colonel of the Twenty-fourth Illinois 
 Infantry — being chiefly composed of German 
 members of Chicago. It was organized at Spring- 
 field, Sept. 26, 18C2, and mustered into service, 
 Oct. 23, 1862; participated in the battles of 
 Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Or- 
 chard Knob, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New 
 Hope Church, Dallas, Marietta, Pine Mountain, 
 Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Bentonville ; was 
 mustered out of service, June 9, 1865, and 
 returned to Chicago, June 16 — having marched, 
 during its tinae of service, 2,503 miles. 
 
 Eighty-third Infantry. Organized at Mon- 
 mouth in August, 1862, and mustered into serv- 
 ice, August 21. It participated in repelling the 
 rebel attack on Fort Donelson, and in numerous 
 hard-fought skirmishes in Tennessee, but was 
 chiefly engaged in the performance of heavy 
 guard duty and in protecting lines of communi- 
 cation. The regiment was mustered out at Nash- 
 ville, June 26, 1865, and finalh' paid off and 
 discharged at Chicago, July 4, following. 
 
 Eighty-fourth Infantry. Organized at 
 Quincy, in August, 1862, and mustered into serv- 
 ice, Sept. 1, 1862, with 939 men and officers. The 
 regiment was authorized to inscribe upon its 
 battle-flag the names of Perryville, Stone River, 
 Woodbury, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, 
 Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Dalton, Buzzard's 
 Roost, Resaca, Burnt Hickory, Kenesaw Moun- 
 tain, Smyrna, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Sta- 
 tion, Franklin, and Nashville. It was mustered 
 out, June 8, 1865. 
 
 Eighty-fifth Infantry. Organized at Peoria, 
 about Sept. 1, 1862, and ordered to Louisville. It 
 took part in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, 
 Chickamauga, Knoxville, Dalton, Rocky-Face 
 Ridge, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach 
 Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Savannah, Ben- 
 tonville, Goldsboro and Raleigh; was mustered 
 out at Washington, D. C, June 5, 1865, and 
 sent to Springfield, where the regiment was 
 paid off and discharged on the 20th of the same 
 month. 
 
 Eighty-sixth Infantry. Mustered into serv- 
 ice, August 27, 1862, at Peoria, at which time it 
 numbered 923 men, rank and file. It took part 
 in the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Mis- 
 sionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, 
 Dallas, K«nesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, 
 Averysboro and Bentonville; was mustered out 
 on June 6, 1865, at Washington, D. C, arriving 
 
 on June 11, at Chicago, where, ten days later, the 
 men received their pay and final discharge. 
 
 Eighty-seventh Infantry. Enlisted in Au- 
 gust, 1862; was composed of companies from 
 Hamilton, Edwards, Wayne and White Counties; 
 was organized in the latter part of August, 1862, 
 at Shawneetown; mustered in, Oct. 3, 1862, the 
 muster to take effect from August 2. It took 
 part in the siege and capture of Warrenton and 
 Jackson, and in the entire campaign through 
 Louisiana and Southern Mississippi, participating 
 in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads and in numer- 
 ous skirmishes among the bayou.s, being mustered 
 out, June 16, 1865, and ordered to Springfield, 
 where it arrived, June 24, 1865, and vs^as paid off 
 and disbanded at Camp Butler, on July 2. 
 
 Eighty-eighth Infantry. Organized at Chi- 
 cago, in September, 1862, and known as the 
 "Second Board of Trade Regiment." It was 
 mustered in, Sept. 4, 1862 ; was engaged at Perry- 
 ville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary 
 Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, AdairsviUe, 
 New Hope Church, Pine Mountain, Mud Creek, 
 Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna Camp Ground, 
 Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Franklin 
 and Nashville; was mustered out, June 9, 1865, 
 at Nashville, Tenn., and arrived at Chicago, 
 June 13, 1865, where it received final pay and 
 discharge, June 22, 1865. 
 
 Eighty-ninth Infantry. Called the "Rail- 
 road Regiment"; was organized by the railroad 
 companies of Illinois, at Chicago, in August, 
 1862, and mustered into service on the 27th of 
 that month. It fought at Stone River, Chicka- 
 mauga, Missionary Ridge, Knoxville, Resaca, 
 Rocky Face Ridge, Pickett's MiUs, Kenesaw 
 Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, 
 Lovejoy's Station, Spring Hill, Columbia, Frank- 
 lin and Nashville; was mustered out, June 10, 
 1865, in the field near Nashville, Tenn. ; arrived 
 at Chicago two days later, and was finally dis- 
 charged, June 24, after a service of two years, 
 nine months and twenty -seven days. 
 
 Ninetieth Infantry. Mustered into service 
 at Chicago, Sept. 7, 1862 ; participated in the siege 
 of Vicksburg and the campaign against Jackson, 
 and was engaged at Missionary Ridge, Resaca, 
 Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw 
 Mountain, Marietta, Nickajack Creek, Rosswell, 
 Atlanta, Jonesboro and Fort McAllister. After 
 the review at Washington, the regiment was 
 mustered out, June 6, and returned to Chicago, 
 June 9, 1865, where it was finally discharged. 
 
 I>fiNETY-FiRST INFANTRY. Organized at Camp 
 Butler, near Springfield, in August, 1862, and 
 
502 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 DUistered in on Sept. 8, 1863; participated in the 
 campaigns against Vicksburg and New Orleans, 
 and all along the southwestern frontier in 
 Louisiana and Texas, as well as in the investiture 
 and capture (^f Mobile. It was mustered out at 
 Mobile, July 12, I860, starting for home the same 
 day, and being finally paid off and discharged on 
 July 28, following. 
 
 NiXETY-SECOXD IxFANTRY (Mounted). Organ- 
 ized and mustered into service, Sept. 4, 1862, 
 being recruited from Ogle, Stephenson and Car- 
 roll Counties. During its term of service, the 
 Ninety-second was in more than sixt}' battles and 
 skirmishes, including Ringgold, Chickamauga, 
 and the numerous engagements on the "March 
 to the Sea," and during the pursuit of Johnston 
 through the Carolinas. It was mustered out at 
 Concord, N. C, and paid and discharged from the 
 service at Chicago, July 10, 1865. 
 
 NiXETY-THiRD IXFANTRY. Organized at Chi- 
 cago, in September, 1862, and mustered in, Oct. 
 VS, 998 strong. It participated in the movements 
 again.st Jackson and Vicksburg, and was engaged 
 at Champion Hills and at Fort Fisher; also was 
 engaged in the battles of Missionaiy Ridge, 
 Dalla-s, Resaca, and many minor engagements, 
 following Sherman in his campaign though the 
 Carolinas. Mustered out of service, June 23, 
 186.5, and, on the 25th, arrived at Chicago, receiv- 
 ing final payment and discliarge, July 7, 1865, the 
 regiment having marched 2,554 miles, traveled 
 by water, 2,296 miles, and, by railroad, 1,237 
 miles — total, 6.087 miles. 
 
 Ninety-fourth Infantry. Organized at 
 Bloomington in August, 1862, and enlisted wlioUy 
 in McLean County. After sonip wuiiii experi 
 ence in Southwest Missouri, tlie regiment took 
 part in tlie siege and capture of Vicksbui'g, and 
 was. later, actively engaged in the campaigns in 
 Louisiana and Texas. It participated in tlie cap- 
 ture of M()l)ile, leading tlui final a.ssaulfc. After 
 several niontlis of garrison duty, tlie regiment was 
 miLsteriid out at (Jaivcston, Texas, on July 17, 
 1865. reaching niooiniii^cton on August 9, follow- 
 ing, having served jii.sttlireo years, marched 1,200 
 miles, traveled by railroad 610 miles, and, by 
 Hteamer, 0,000 miles, and taken part in nine; bat- 
 tles, sieges and skirmislies. 
 
 NiNETV-Fii'TH Infantry. Organized at Rock- 
 ford and niustc!re<l into .service!, Sept. 4, 1K«2. It 
 w!is recruited from tlie counties of Mcl[(Miry and 
 lioone — tlir(!<; (•orii|»ani(!S from tlie latUsr and 
 seven from tin; f<»riin'r. It took part in the cam- 
 ptiignH in Nortliern Mi'<HisHi|)pi and against Vicks- 
 burg in the R(;d River expedition, tliu campaigns 
 
 against Price in Missouri and Arkansas, against 
 Mobile and around Atlanta. Among the battles 
 in which tlie regiment was engaged were those 
 of the Tallahatcliie River, Grand Gulf, Raymond, 
 Champion Hills, Fort de Russey, Old River, 
 Cloutierville, Mansura, Yellow Bayou, Guntown, 
 Nashville, Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely, Kenesaw 
 Mountain, Chattahoochie River, Atlanta, Ezra 
 Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station and Nash- 
 ville. The distance traveled by the regiment, 
 while in the service, was 9,960 miles. It was 
 transferred to the Forty-seventh Illinois Infan- 
 try, August 25, 1865. 
 
 Ninety-sixth Infantry. Recruited during 
 the months of July and August, 1862, and mus- 
 tered into service, as a regiment, Sept. 6, 1862. 
 The battles engaged in included Fort Donelson, 
 Spring Hill, Franklin, Triune, Liberty Gap, 
 Shelbyville, Cliickamauga, Wauhatchie, Lookout 
 Mountain, Buzzard's Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, 
 Resaca, Kingston, New Hope Church, Dallas, 
 Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna 
 Camp Ground, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Rough 
 and Ready, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, Frank- 
 lin and Nashville. Its date of final pay and dis- 
 charge was June 30, 1865. 
 
 Ninety-seventh Infantry. Organized in 
 August and September, 1862, and mustered in on 
 Sept. 16; participated in tlie battles of Chickasaw 
 Bluffs, Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Champion 
 Hills, Black River, Vicksburg, Jackson and 
 Mobile. On July 29, 1865, it was mustered out 
 and pi'oceeded homeward, reaching Springfield, 
 Augu.st 10, after an absence of three 3'ears, less a 
 few days. 
 
 Ninety-eighth Infantry. Organized at Cen- 
 tralia, September, 1862, and mustered in, Sept. 3; 
 took part in engagements, at Cliickamauga, Mc- 
 Minnville, Farmington and Selina, besides many 
 others of less note. It was mustered out, June 
 27, 1865, tlie recruits being transferred to the 
 Sixty-first Illinois Volunteers. The regiment 
 arrived at Springfield, June 30, and received fhial 
 pa3'nient and discliarge, July 7, 1865. 
 
 Ninety-ninth Infantry. Organized in Pike 
 County and mustered in at Florence, August 23, 
 1862; participated in the following battles and 
 skirmislies: Jieaver Creek, Hartsvillo, Magnolia 
 Hills, Raymond, Chami)ion Hills, Black River, 
 Vicksburg, Jackson, Fort Ksi)eranza, Grand 
 Coteau, Fish River, Spanish Fort and Blakely: 
 days under fire, 62; mihjs traveled, 5,900; men 
 killed in battle, 38; incm dicil of wounds and 
 disease, 149; men dis(^li;irged for disability. 127; 
 men deserted, 35; ofli(;ers killcil in baltli', 3; 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 563 
 
 officers died, 2; officers resigned, 36. The regi- 
 ment was mustered out at Baton Rouge, July 31, 
 1865, and paid off and discharged, August 9, 
 following. 
 
 One Hundredth Infantry. Organized at 
 Joliet, in August, 1863, and mustered in, August 
 30. The entire regiment was recruited in Will 
 County. It was engaged at Bardstown, Stone 
 Eiver, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and 
 Nashville ; was mustered out of service, June 13, 
 1865, at Nashville, Tenn., and arrived at Chicago, 
 June 15, where it received final payment and 
 discharge. 
 
 One Hundred and First Infantry. Organ- 
 ized at Jacksonville during the latter part of the 
 month of August, 1863, and, on Sept. 3, 1863, 
 was mustered in. It participated in the battles 
 of Wauhatchie, Chattanooga, Resaca, New Hope 
 Church, Kenesaw and Pine Mountains, Peach 
 Tree Creek, Atlanta, Averysboro and Bentonville. 
 On Dec. 30, 1862, five companies were captured 
 at Holly Si^rings, Miss., paroled and sent to 
 Jefferson Barracks, Mo., and formally exchanged 
 in June, 1863. On the 7th of June, 1865, it was 
 mustered out, and started for Springfield, where, 
 on the 31st of June, it was paid off and disbanded. 
 
 One Hundred and Second Infantry. Organ- 
 ized at Knoxville, in August, 1863, and mustered 
 in, September 1 and 2. It was engaged at Resaca, 
 Camp Creek, Burnt Hickory, Big Shanty, Peach 
 Tree Creek and Averysboro; mustered out of 
 service June 6, 1865, and started home, arriving 
 at Chicago on the 9th, and, June 14, received 
 final payment and discharge. 
 
 One Hundred and Third Infantry. . Re- 
 cruited wholly in Fulton County, and mustered 
 into the service, Oct. 2, 1802. It took part in 
 the Grierson raid, the sieges of Vicksburg, Jack- 
 son, Atlanta and Savannah, and the battles of 
 Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Dal- 
 las, Kenesaw Mountain and Griswoldsville ; was 
 also in the campaign through the Carol inas. 
 The regiment was mustered out at Louisville, 
 June 21, and received final discharge at Chi- 
 cago, July 9, 1865. The original strength of 
 the regiment was 808, and 84 recruits were 
 enlisted. 
 
 One Hundred and Fourth Infantry. Organ- 
 ized at Ottawa, in August, 1862, and composed 
 almost entirely of La Salle County men. The 
 regiment was engaged in the battles of Harts- 
 ville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission- 
 ary Ridge, Resaca, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy 
 Creek, Jonesboro and Bentonville, besides many 
 severe skirmishes ; was mustered out at Washing- 
 
 ton, D. C, June 6, 1865, and, a few days later, 
 received final discharge at Chicago. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifth Infantry. Mus- 
 tered into service, Sept. 2, 1863, at Dixon, and 
 participated in the Atlanta campaign, being 
 engaged at Resaca, Peach Tree Creek and 
 Atlanta, and almost constantly skirmishing; 
 also took part in the "March to the Sea" and the 
 campaign in the Carolinas, including the siege of 
 Savannah and the battles of Averysboro and 
 Bentonville. It was mustered out at Washing- 
 ton, D. C, June 7, 1865, and paid off and dis- 
 charged at Chicago, June 17. 
 
 One Hundred and Sixth Infantry. Mus- 
 tered into service at Lincoln, Sept. 18, 1863, 
 eight of the ten companies having been recruited 
 in Logan County, the other two being from San- 
 gamon and Menard Counties. It aided in the 
 defense of Jackson, Tenn., where Company "C"' 
 was captured and paroled, being exchanged in 
 the summer of 1863; took part in the siege of 
 Vicksburg, the Yazoo expedition, the capture of 
 Little Rock, the battle of Clarendon, and per- 
 formed service at various points in Arkansas. It 
 was mustered out, July 13, 1865, at Pine Bluff, 
 Ark., and arrived at Springfield, July 34, 1865, 
 where it received final payment and discharge 
 
 One Hundred and Seventh Infantry. Mus- 
 tered into service at Springfield, Sept. 4, 1863; 
 was composed of six companies from DeWitt and 
 four companies from Piatt County. It was 
 engaged at Campbell's Station, Dandridge, 
 Rocky- Face Ridge, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, 
 Atlanta, Spring Hill, Franklin, Nashville and 
 Fort Anderson, and mustered out, June 31, 1865, 
 at Salisbury, N. C, reaching Springfield, for 
 final payment and discharge, July 2, 1865. 
 
 One Hundred and Eighth Infantry. Organ- 
 ized at Peoria, and mustered into service, August 
 38, 1863 ; took part in the first expedition against 
 Vicksburg and in the battles of Arkansas Post 
 (Fort Hindman), Port Gibson and Champion 
 Hills ; in the capture of Vicksburg, the battle of 
 Guntown, the reduction of Spani.sh Fort, and the 
 capture of Mobile. It was mustered out at Vicks- 
 burg, August 5, 1865, and received final discharge 
 at Chicago, August 11. 
 
 One Hundred and Ninth Infantry. Re- 
 cruited from Union and Pulaski Counties and 
 mustered into the service, Sept. 11, 1863. Owing 
 to its number being greatly reduced, it was con- 
 solidated with the Eleventh Infantry in April, 
 1868. (See Eleventh Infantry.) 
 
 One Hundred and Tenth Infantry. Organ- 
 ized at Anna and mustered in, Sept. 11, 1863; was 
 
564 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 engaged at Stone Ri^"er, Woodbury, and in 
 nmuerous skirmishes in Kentucky and Tennessee. 
 In Ma}", 1SG3, the regiment was consolidated,, its 
 numbers having been greatlj- reduced. Subse- 
 queuth' it jxirticipated in the battles of Cliicka- 
 mauga and Jlissiouarj' Ridge, the battles around 
 Atlanta and the campaign through the Carolinas, 
 being present at Johnston's surrender. The regi- 
 ment was mustered out at Washington, D. C, 
 June 5, 1865, and received final discharge at 
 Chicago, June 15. The enlisted men whose term 
 of service had not expired at date of muster-out, 
 were consolidated into four companies and trans- 
 ferred to the Sixtieth Illinois Veteran Volunteer 
 Infantry. 
 
 One Hl'N'dred and Elevexth Infantry. Re- 
 cruited from Marion, Clay, Washington, Clinton 
 and Wayne Counties, and mustered into the serv- 
 ice at Salem, Sept. 18, 1862. The regiment aided 
 in the capture of Decatur, Ala. ; took part in the 
 Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, 
 Dallas, Kenesaw, Atlanta and Jonesboro ; partici- 
 pated in the "March to the Sea" and the cam- 
 paign in the Carolinas, taking pai't in the battles 
 of Fort McAllister and Bentonville. It was mus- 
 tered out at Washington, D. C, June 7, 1865, 
 receiving final discharge at Springfield, June 27, 
 having traveled 3,736 miles, of which 1,836 was 
 on the march. 
 
 One Hundred and Twelfth Infantry. Mus- 
 tered into service at Peoria, Sept. 20 and 22, 
 1862 ; participated in the campaign in East Ten- 
 nes.see, under Burnside, and in that against 
 Atlanta, under Sherman; was also engaged in 
 the battles of Columbia, Franklin and Nasliville, 
 and the capture of Fort Anderson and Wilming- 
 ton. It was mustered out at Goldsboro, N. C, 
 June 20, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago, 
 July 7. 1865. 
 
 One Hundred and Thirteenth Infantry. 
 Left Camp Hancock (near Chicago) for the front, 
 Nov. 6, 1H02; was engaged in tlie Tallahatcjhio 
 expedition, jiarticipated in the battle of Cliicka- 
 saw Uayou, and was sent North to guard ])ri.s()n- 
 ers and recruit. The regiment also took i)art in 
 the siege and capture of Vicksburg, was mu.stered 
 out, June 20, 1805, and finally discharged at Chi- 
 cago, five days later. 
 
 O.VK Ht.'NDUEl) AND FotJUTEKNTH INFANTKY. 
 
 Organized in July and August, 1862, and mustered 
 in at Springfield, Sept. 18, lieing recruited from 
 CiiSH. Mr-nard and Sangamon (Jounties. The regi- 
 ni<!iit jiarticipated in th(! battli; of Jack.son (Mi.ss. ), 
 the HJege and <aipture of Vicksburg, and in the 
 battles of Guntown and HarriHville, the pursuit 
 
 of Price through Missouri, the battle of Nash- 
 ville, and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered 
 out at Vicksburg, August 3, 1805, receiving final 
 payment and discharge at Springfield, August 15, 
 1805. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifteenth Infantry'. 
 Ordered to the front from Springfield, Oct. 4, 
 1862 ; was engaged at Chickamauga, Chattanooga, 
 Missionary Ridge, Tunnel Hill, Resaca and in all 
 the principal battles of the Atlanta campaign, 
 and in the defense of Nashville and pursuit of 
 Hood; was mustered out of service, June 11, 
 1865, and received final pay and discharge, June 
 23, 1865, at Springfield. 
 
 One Hundred and Sixteenth Infantry. 
 Recruited almost wholly from Macon County, 
 numbering 980 officers and men when it started 
 from Decatur for the front on Nov. 8, 1862. It 
 particii^ated in the battlfes of Chickasaw Bayou, 
 Arkansas Post, Champion Hills, Black River 
 Bridge, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big 
 Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Stone Mountain, 
 Atlanta, Fort McAllister and Bentonville, and 
 was mustered out, June 7, 1805, near Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 One Hundred and Seventeenth Infantry. 
 Organized at Springfield, and mustered in, Sept. 
 19, 1862; participated in the Meridian campaign, 
 the Red River expedition (assisting in the cap- 
 ture of Fort de Russey), and in the battles of 
 Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Franklin, 
 Nashville, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. It 
 was mu.stei"ed out at Springfield, August 5, 1805, 
 having traveled 9,270 miles, 2,307 of which were 
 marched. 
 
 One Hundred and Eighteenth Infantry. 
 Organized arid mustered into the service at 
 Springfield, Nov. 7, 1862; was engaged at Chicka- 
 saw Bluffs, Arkansas Pest, Port Gibson, Cham- 
 pion Hills, Black River Bridge, Jackson (Miss.), 
 Grand Coteau, Jackson (La.), and Amite River. 
 The regiment was mounted, Oct. 11, 1863, and 
 dismounted. May 22, 1865. Oct. 1, 1865, it was 
 mustered out, and finally discharged, Oct. 13. 
 At tlie date of the mu.ster-in, the regiment num- 
 bered 820 men and officers, received 283 recruits, 
 making a total of 1,103; at muster-out it num- 
 bered 523. Distance marched, 2,000 miles; total 
 distance traveled, 5,700 miles. 
 
 One Hundred and Nineteenth Infantry. 
 Organized at Quincy, in Sc^ptember, 1802, and 
 was mustenid into the United States .service, 
 (October 10; was engaged in the Red River cam- 
 I)aign and in i\\o battles (if Sbreve])()rt, Yellow 
 Hayou, TujKiJo, Nashville, Spanisli I'\)rt and Fort 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 565 
 
 Blakely. Its final muster-out took place at 
 Mobile, August 26, 1865, and its discharge at 
 Springfield. 
 
 One Hundred and Twentiety Infantry. 
 Mustered into the service, Oct. 28, 1862, at Spring- 
 field ; was mustered out, Sept. 7, 1865, and received 
 final payment and discharge, September 10, at 
 Springfield. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-first Infan- 
 try. (The organization of this regiment was not 
 completed.) 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-second Infan- 
 try. Organized at Carlinville, in August, 1862, 
 and mustered into the service, Sept. 4, with 960 
 enlisted men. It participated in the battles of 
 Tupelo and Nashville, and in the capture of 
 Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, and was mustered 
 out, July 15, 1865, at Mobile, and finally dis- 
 charged at Springfield, August 4. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-third Infan- 
 try. Mustered into service at Mattoon, Sept. 6, 
 1862; participated in the battles of Perryville, 
 Milton, Hoover's Gap, and Farmington ; also took 
 part in the entire Atlanta campaign, marching 
 as cavalry and fighting as infantry. Later, it 
 served as mounted infantry in Kentucky, Tennes- 
 see and Alabama, taking a prominent part in the 
 capture of Selma. The regiment was discharged 
 at Springfield, July 11, 1865 — the recruits, whose 
 terms had not expired, being transferred to the 
 Sixty-first Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Infan- 
 try. Mustered into the service, Sept. 10, 1862, at 
 Springfield ; took part in the Vicksburg campaign 
 and in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond and 
 Champion Hills, the siege of Vicksburg, the 
 Meridian raid, the Yazoo expedition, and the 
 capture of Mobile. On the 16th of August, 1865, 
 eleven days less than three years after the first 
 company went into camp at Springfield, the regi- 
 ment was mustered out at Chicago. Colonel 
 Howe's history of the battle-flag of the regiment, 
 stated that it had been borne 4, 100 miles, in four- 
 teen skirimishes, ten battles and two sieges of 
 forty-seven days and nights, and thirteen days 
 and nights, respectively. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Infan- 
 try. Mustered into service, Sept. 3, 1862; par- 
 ticipated in the battles of Perryville, Chicka- 
 mauga. Missionary Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, 
 Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Jonesboro, and in 
 the "March to the Sea" and the Carolina cam- 
 paign, being engaged at Averysboro and Benton- 
 ville. It was mustered out at Washington, D. C, 
 Jime 9, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Infan- 
 try. Organized at Alton and mustered in, Sept. 4, 
 1862, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg. 
 Six companies were engaged in skirmish line, near 
 Humboldt, Tenn. , and the regiment took part in 
 the capture of Little Rock and in the fight at 
 Clarendon, Ark. It was mustered out July 12, 1865. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Infan- 
 try. Mustered into service at Chicago, Sept. 6, 
 1862; took part in the first campaign against 
 Vicksburg, and in the battle of Arkansas Post, 
 the siege of Vicksburg under Grant, the capture 
 of Jackson (Miss.), the battles of Missionary- 
 Ridge and Lookout Mountain, the Meridian raid, 
 and in the fighting at Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw^ 
 Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro; also accom- 
 panied Sherman in his march through Georgia 
 and the Carolinas, taking part in the battle of 
 Bentonville ; was mustered out at Chicago. June 
 17, 1865. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Infan- 
 try. Mustered in, Dec. 18, 1862, but remained 
 in service less than five months, when, its num- 
 ber of oflicers and men having been reduced from 
 860 to 161 (largely by desertions), a number of 
 officers were dismissed, and the few remaining 
 officers and men were formed into a detachment, 
 and transferred to another Illinois regiment. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infan- 
 try. Organized at Pontiac, in August, 1862, and 
 mustered into the service Sept. 8. Prior to May, 
 1864, the regiment was chiefly engaged in garri- 
 son duty. It marched with Sherman in the 
 Atlanta campaign and through Georgia and the 
 Carolinas, and took part in the battles of Resaca, 
 Buzzard's Roost, Lost Mountain, Dallas, Peach 
 Tree Creek, Atlanta, Averysboro and Benton- 
 ville. It received final pay and discharge at Chi- 
 ca''o, June 10, 1865. 
 
 One Hundred and Thirtieth Infantry. 
 Organized at Springfield and mustered into 
 service, Oct. 25, 1862 ; was engaged at Port Gib- 
 son, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, Vicks- 
 burg, Jackson (Miss.), and in the Red River 
 expedition. While on this expedition almost the 
 entire regiment was paptured at the battle of 
 Mansfield, and not paroled until near the close of 
 the war. The remaining officers and men were 
 consolidated with the Seventy-seventh Infantry 
 in January, 1865, and participated in the capture 
 of Mobile. Six months later its regimental re- 
 organization, as the One Hundred and Thirtieth, 
 was ordered. It was mustered out at New 
 Orleans, August 15, 1865, and discharged at 
 Springfield, August 31. 
 
566 
 
 HISTOllICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 OxE Hundred axd Thirty-first Ixfax- 
 TRY. Organized in September, 1863, and mus- 
 tered into the service, Nov. 13, with 815 men, 
 exclusive of officers. In October, 1863, it was 
 consolidated with the Twenty-ninth Infantry, 
 and ceased to exist as a separate organization. 
 Up to that time the regiment had been in but a 
 few conflicts and in no intched battle. 
 
 OXE HUXDRED AXD THIRTY'-SECOXD IXFAX- 
 
 TRY. Organized at Chicago and mustered in for 
 100 days from June 1, 1864. The regiment re- 
 mained on duty at Paducah until the expiration 
 of its service, when it moved to Chicago, and 
 was mustered out, Oct. IT, 1864. 
 
 One Huxdred and THiRT\--TniRD Infax- 
 TRY. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in 
 for one hundred days, May 31, 1864; was engaged 
 during its term of service in guarding prisoners 
 of war at Rock Island ; was mustered out, Sept. 
 4, 1804, at Camp Butlei". 
 
 OxE Hundred and Thirty-fourth Infan- 
 try. Organized at Chicago and mustered in. 
 May 31, 1864, for 100 days; was assigned to 
 garrison duty at Columbus, Ky., and mustered 
 out of service, Oct. 25, 1864, at Chicago. 
 
 OxE Hundred axd Thirty-fifth Infan- 
 try. Mustered in for 100-days' service at Mat- 
 toon, June 6, 1864, having a strength of 852 men. 
 It was chiefly engaged, during its term of service, 
 in doing garrison duty and guarding raih-oads. 
 It was nmstered out at Springfield, Sept. 28, 1864. 
 
 OxE Huxdred axd Thirty-sixth Ixfan- 
 TRY. Enlisted about the first of May, 1864, for 
 100 days, and went into camp at Centralia, 111., 
 but was not mustered into service until June 1, 
 following. Its principal service was garrison 
 duty, with occasional scouts and raids amongst 
 guerrillas. At the end of its term of service the 
 regiment re-enlisted for fifteen days; was mus- 
 tered out at Springfield, Oct. 22, 1864, and dis- 
 charged eight days later 
 
 One IIuxdked axd TiimTY-SEVEXTii Infan- 
 try. Organized at Quincy, with cx-CJov. John 
 Wood as its Colonel, and nmstered in, Juno 5, 
 1864, for 100 days. "Was on duty at Memphis, 
 Tenn , and mu.stered out of service at Spring- 
 field. 111.. Sei>t. 4, 1804. 
 
 One Hundred and TuiRTYEiaHTU Inf.\x- 
 TKV Organized at Quincy, and mustered in, 
 June 21, IHOl, for 100 days; wasa.ssigned to garri- 
 Hon duty at Fort L(!av<«nworth, Kan., and in 
 Wj^hUth Missouri. It w;ts niusUireil out of serv- 
 ice at Sj.ringfi.-ld, 111., Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 ONK HlNDKED AM) TinKTV-NINTII InK.W- 
 
 TKV. Muntured into servico oa u lOO-duy's regi- 
 
 ment, at Peoria, June 1, 1864; was engaged in 
 garrison duty at Columbus and Cairo, in making 
 i-eprisals for guerrilla raids, and in the pursuit of 
 tlie Confederate General Price in Missouri. The 
 latter service was rendered, at the President's 
 request, after the term of enlistment had expired. 
 It was mustered out at Peoria, Oct. 25, 1864, hav- 
 ing been in the service nearly five months. 
 
 One Huxdred axd Fourtieth Ixfantry'. 
 Organized as a lOO-days' regiment, at Springfield, 
 June 18, 1864, and mustered into service on that 
 date. The regiment was engaged in guarding 
 railroads between Memphis and Holly Springs, and 
 in garrison duty at Memphis. After the term of 
 enlistment had expired and the regiment had 
 been mustered out, it aided in the pursuit of 
 General Price through Missouri; was finally dis- 
 charged at Chicago, after ser^'ing about five 
 months 
 
 One Hundred and Forty-first Infan- 
 try'. Mustered into service as a 100-days' regi- 
 ment, at Elgin, June 16, 1864 — strength, 842 men; 
 departed for the field, June 27, 1864; was mus- 
 tered out at Chicago, Oct. 10, 1864. 
 
 One Hundred and Forty'-second InfaN- 
 TRY'. Organized at Freeport as a battalion of 
 eight companies, and sent to Camp Butler, where 
 two companies were added and the regiment 
 mustered into service for 100 days, June 18, 1864. 
 It was ordered to Memphis, Tenn. , five days later, 
 and assigned to duty at White's Station, eleven 
 miles from that city, where it was emploj-ed in 
 guarding the Memphis & Charleston railroad. 
 It was mustered out at Chicago, on Oct, 27, 1864, 
 the men liaving voluntarily served one month 
 beyond their terna of enlistment. 
 
 One Hundred and Forty-third Infan- 
 try'. Organized at Mattoon, and mustered in, 
 June 11, 1864, for 100 days. It was assigned to 
 garrison duty, and mustered out at Mattoon, 
 Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 One Hundred and Forty-fourth Infan- 
 try. Organized at Alton, in 1864, as a one-year 
 regiment; was mustered into the service, Oct. 21, 
 its strength being 1,159 men. It was mustered 
 out, July 14, 1865. 
 
 One Hundred and Forty-fifth Infan- 
 try. Mustered into service at Springfield, June 
 9, 1801; strength, 880 men. It departed for the 
 field, June 12, 1864; was nmstered out, Sept. 23, 
 1864. 
 
 One Hundred and Forty-sixth Infan- 
 try. Organized at Springfield, Se^pt. 18, 186 (. for 
 one year. Was assigiw^d to the duty of guarding 
 dj'afted men at IJrigliton, Quincy, Jacksonville 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 567 
 
 and Springfield, and muste-ed out at Springfield, 
 July 5, I860. 
 
 Oke Hundred and Forty-seventh Infan- 
 try. Organized at Chicago, and mustered into 
 service for one year, Feb. 18 and 19, 1865; was 
 engaged chiefly on guard or garrison duty, in 
 scouting and in skirmishing with guerrillas. 
 Mustered out at Nashville, Jan. 23, 1866, and 
 received final discharge at Springfield, Feb. 4. 
 
 One Hundred and Forty-eighth Infan- 
 try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 21, 1865, for 
 the term of one year ; was assigned to garrison 
 and guard duty and mustered out, Sept. 5, 1865, 
 at Nashville, Tenn ; arrived at Si^ringfield, Sept. 
 9, 1865, where it was paid off and discharged. 
 
 One Hundred and Forty-ninth Infan- 
 try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 11, 1865, 
 and mustered in for one year; was engaged in 
 garrison and guard duty ; mustered out, Jan. 27, 
 1866, at Dalton, Ga., and ordered to Springfield, 
 where it received final paj^ment and discharge. 
 
 One Hundred and Fiftieth Infantry. 
 Organized at Springfield, and mustered in, Feb. 14, 
 1865, for one year ; was on duty in Tennessee and 
 Georgia, guarding railroads and garrisoning 
 towns. It was mustered out, Jan. 16, 1866, at 
 Atlanta, Ga. , and ordered to Springfield, where it 
 received final payment and discharge. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-first Infantry. 
 This regiment was organized at Quincy, 111., 
 and mustered into the United States service, 
 Feb. 23, 1865, and was composed of companies 
 from various parts of the State, recruited, under 
 the call of Dec. 19, 1864. It was engaged in 
 guard duty, with a few guerrilla skirmishes, and 
 was present at the surrender of General War- 
 ford's army, at Kingston, Ga. ; was mustered out 
 at Columbus, Ga., Jan. 24, 1866, and ordered to 
 Springfield, where it received final payment and 
 discharge, Feb. 8, 1866. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-second Infan- 
 try. Organized at Springfield and mustered in, 
 Feb. 18, 1865, for one year ; was mustered out of 
 service, to date Sept. 11, at Memphis, Tenn., and 
 arrived at Camp Butler, Sept. 9, 1865, where it 
 received final payment and discharge. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-third Infan- 
 try. Organized at Chicago, and mustered in, 
 Feb. 27, 1865, for one year; was not engaged in 
 any battles. It was mustered out, Sept. 15, 1865, 
 and moved to Springfield, 111., and, Sept. 24, 
 received final pay and discharge. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Infan- 
 try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 21, 1865, 
 for one year. Sept. 18, 1865, the regiment was 
 
 mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., and ordered to 
 Springfield for final payment and discharge, 
 where it arrived, Sept. 22 ; was paid oft and dis- 
 cliarged at Camp Butler, Sept. 29. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Infan- 
 try. Organized at Springfield and mustered in 
 Feb. 28, 1865, for one year, 904 strong. On Sept. 
 4, 1865, it was mustered out of service, and moved 
 to Camp Butler, where it received final pay and 
 discharge. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Infan- 
 try. Organized and mustered in during the 
 months of February and March, 1865, from the 
 northern counties of the State, for the term of 
 one year. The officers of the regiment have left 
 no written record of its history, but its service 
 seems to have been rendered chiefly in Tennessee 
 in the neighborhood of Memphis, Nashville and 
 Chattanooga. Judging by the mustei'-rolls of 
 the Adjutant-General, the regiment would appear 
 to have been greatly depleted by desertions and 
 otherwise, the remnant being flnally mustered 
 out, Sept. 20, 1865. 
 
 First Cavalry. Organized — consisting of 
 seven companies, A, B, C, D, E, F and G — at 
 Alton, in 1861, and mustered into the United 
 States service, July 3. After some service in 
 Missouri, the regiment participated in tlie battle 
 of Lexington, in that State, and was surrendered, 
 with the remainder of the garrison, Sept. 20, 1861. 
 The officers were paroled, and the men sworn not 
 to take up arms again until discharged. No ex- 
 change having been effected in November, the 
 non-commissioned officers and privates were 
 ordered to Springfield and discharged. In June, 
 1862, the regiment was reorganized at Benton 
 Barracks, Mo., being afterwards employed in 
 guarding supply trains and supply depots at 
 various points. Mustered out, at Benton Bar- 
 racks, July 14, 1862. 
 
 Second Cavalry. Organized at Springfield 
 and mustered into service, August 12, 1861, with 
 Company M (which joined the regiment some 
 months later), numbering 47 commissioned offi- 
 cers and 1,040 enlisted men. This number was in- 
 creased by i-ecruits and re-enlistments, during its 
 four and a half year's term of service, to 2,236 
 enlisted men and 145 commissioned officers. It 
 was engaged at Belmont ; a portion of the regi- 
 ment took part in the battles at Fort Henry, 
 Fort Donelson and Shiloh, another portion at 
 Merriweather's Ferry, Bolivar and Holly Springs, 
 and participated in the investment of Vicksburg. 
 In January, 1864, the major part of the regiment 
 re-enlisted as veterans, later, participating in the 
 
565 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Red River expedition and the investment of Fort 
 Blakelj'. It was mustered out at San Antonio, 
 Tex., Xov. 22, 186."), and finally paid and dis- 
 chai-ged at Springfield, Jan. 3, 186G. 
 
 Third Cavalry. Composed of twelve com- 
 ptanies, from various localities in the State, the 
 grand total of company officers and enlisted men, 
 under the first organization, being 1,433. It was 
 organized at Springfield, in August, 18G1 ; partici- 
 pated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Haines' Bluff, 
 Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, 
 Black River Bridge, and the siege of Vicksburg. 
 In July, 1864, a large portion of the regiment re- 
 enlisted as veterans. The remainder were mus- 
 tered out, Sept. 5, 1864. The veterans participated 
 in the repulse of Forrest, at Memphis, and in the 
 battles of Lawrenceburg, Spring Hill, Campbells- 
 Tille and Franklin. From May to October, 1865, 
 engaged in service against the Indians in the 
 Northwest The regiment was mustered out at 
 Springfield, Oct. 18, 1865. 
 
 Fourth Cavalry. Mustered into service, 
 Sept. 26, 1861, and participated in the battles of 
 Fort Henry, Fort DoneLson, and Shiloh; in the 
 siege of Corinth, and in many engagements of 
 less historic note ; was mustered out at Springfield 
 in November, 1864. By order of the War Depart- 
 ment, of June 18, 1865, the members of the 
 regiment whose terms had not expired, were con- 
 solidated with the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry. 
 
 Fifth Cavalry. Organized at Camp Butler, 
 in November, 1861 ; took part in the Meridian 
 raid and the ('xi)edition against Jackson, Miss., 
 and in numerous minor expeditions, doing effect- 
 ive work at Canton, Grenada, Woodville, and 
 other points. On Jan. 1, 1864, a large portion of 
 the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. Its final 
 muster-out took place, Oct. 27, 1865, and it re- 
 ceived final j)ayment and discharge, October 30. 
 
 Sixth Cavali{Y. Organized at Springfield, 
 Nov. 19, 1H61; participated in Sherman's advance 
 UfK)n Grenada; in the Grierson mid through Mis- 
 ei.ssippi and Louisiana, the siege of Port Hudson, 
 the battI(!S()f Moscow (Tenn), West Point (Miss.), 
 Franklin and Nasliville; re-enli.steil as veterans, 
 March 30, 1H64; wsts mu.stered out at Selma, Ala., 
 Nov. 5, 1K05, and received discharge, November 
 20, at Springfield. 
 
 Skvknth Cavalky. Organized at Springfield, 
 and wa.s niusterefl into servitte, Oct. 13, 1861. It 
 partifijiat'-d in tlie buttles of Faririington, luka, 
 Coriiitti fs<!f:oiid battle); in (irierson's raid 
 through MiHsissippi and Louisiana; in the en- 
 gag(Mii(!nt at Plain's Store (T..a.), anr] tlie invest- 
 ment of Port Iluduon. In Marclj, 1804, 288 
 
 officers and men re-enlisted as veterans. The 
 non-veterans were engaged at Gontown, and the 
 entire regiment took part in the battle of Frank- 
 lin. After the close of hostilities, it was stationed 
 in Alabama and Mississippi, until the latter part 
 of October, 1865 ; was mustered out at NashviUe, 
 and finally discharged at Springfield, Nov. 17, 
 1865. 
 
 Eighth Cavalry. Organized at St. Charles, 
 111., and mustered in, Sept. 18, 1861. The regi- 
 ment was ordered to Virginia, and participated 
 in the general advance on Manassas in March, 
 1862; was engaged at Mechanicsville, Gaines' 
 Hill, Malvern Hill, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Middle- 
 town, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericks- 
 burg, Sulphur Springs, Warrenton, Rapidan 
 Station, Northern Neck, Gettysburg, Williams- 
 burg, Funkstown, Falling Water, Chester Gap 
 Sandy Hook, Culpepper, Brandy Station, and in 
 many raids and skirmishes. It was mustered 
 out of service at Benton Barracks, Mo., July 17, 
 1865, and ordered to Chicago, where it received 
 final payment and discharge. 
 
 Ninth Cavalry. Organized at Chicago, in 
 the autumn of 1861, and mustered in, November 
 30 ; was engaged at Coldwater, Grenada, Wyatt, 
 Saulsbury, Moscow, Guntown, Pontotoc, Tupelo, 
 Old Town Creek, Hurricane Creek, Lawrence- 
 burg, Campellsville, Franklin and Nashville. 
 The regiment re-enlisted as veterans, March 16, 
 1864; was mustered out of service at Selma, Ala., 
 Oct. 31, 1865, and ordered to Springfield, where 
 the men received final payment and discharge. 
 
 Tenth Cavalry. Organized at Springfield in 
 the latter part of September, 1861, and mustered 
 into service, Nov. 25, 1861; was engaged at Prairie 
 Grove, Cotton Plant, Arkansas Post, in the 
 Yazoo Pass expedition, at Richmond (La), 
 Brownsville, Bayou Metoe, Bayou La Fourche 
 and Little Rock. In February, 1804, a large 
 l^ortion of the regiment re-enlisted as veter- 
 ans, the non-veterans accompanying General 
 Banks in his Red River expedition. On Jan. 27, 
 1865, the veterans, and recruits were consolidated 
 with the Fifteenth Cavalry, and all reorganized 
 under the name of the Tenth Illinois Veteran 
 Volunteer Cavalry. Mustered out of service at 
 San Antonio, Texas, Nov. 22, 1865, and received 
 final discharge at S])ringfiel(l, Jan. 6, 1866. 
 
 EiJCVKNTii Cavalry. Robert G. Ingersoll of 
 P(!oria, and Basil D. Mcoks, of Woodford County, 
 oljtainod i)ermi.ssi()n to rai.se a regiment of 
 cavalry, and recruiting commenced in October, 
 1861. The regiment was recruited from the 
 counties of Peoria, Fulton, Tazewell, Woodford. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 569 
 
 Marshall, Stark, Knox, Henderson and Warren; 
 was mustered into the service at Peoria, Dec. 20, 
 1861, and was first under fire at Shiloh. It also 
 took part in the raid in the rear of Corinth, and 
 in the battles of Bolivar, Corinth (second battle), 
 luka, Lexington and Jackson (Tenn. ) ; in Mc- 
 pherson's expedition to Canton and Sherman's 
 Meridian raid, in the relief of Yazoo City, and in 
 numerous less important raids and skirmishes. 
 Most of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans in 
 December, 1863; the non- veterans being mus- 
 tered out at Memphis, in the autumn of 1864. The 
 veterans were mustered out at the same place, 
 Sept. 30, 1865, and discharged at Springfield, 
 October 20. 
 
 Twelfth Cavalry. Organized at Springfield, 
 in February, 1862, and remained there guarding 
 rebel prisoners until June 25, when it was 
 mounted and sent to Martinsburg, Va. It was 
 engaged at Fredericksburg, Williamsport, Falling 
 Waters, the Rapidan and Stevensburg. On Nov. 
 26, 1863, the regiment was relieved from service 
 and ordered home to reorganize as veterans. 
 Subsequently it joined Banks in the Red River 
 expedition and in Davidson's expedition against 
 Mobile. While at Memphis the Twelfth Cavalry 
 was consolidated into an eight-company organi- 
 zation, and the Fourth Cavalry, having previously 
 been consolidated into a battalion of five com- 
 panies, was consolidated with the Twelfth. The 
 consolidated regiment was mustered out at 
 Houston, Texas, May 29, 1866, and, on June 18, 
 received final pay and discharge at Springfield. 
 
 Thirteenth Cavalry. Organized at Chicago, 
 in December, 1861 ; moved to the front from 
 Benton Barracks, Mo., in February, 1862, and 
 was engaged in the following battles and skir-- 
 mishes (all in Missouri and Arkansas) : Putnam's 
 Ferry, Cotton Plant, Union City (twice). Camp 
 Pillow, Bloomfield (first and second battles), Van 
 Buren, Allen, Eleven Point River, Jackson, 
 White River, Chalk Bluff, Bushy Creek, near 
 Helena, Grand Prairie, White River, Deadman's 
 Lake, Brownsville, Bayou Metoe, Austin, Little 
 Rock, Benton, Batesville, Pine Bluff, Arkadel- 
 phia, Okolona, Little Missouri River, Prairie du 
 Anne, Camden, Jenkins' Ferry, Cross Roads, 
 Mount Elba, Douglas Landing and Monticello. 
 The regiment was mustered out, August 31, 1865, 
 and received final pay and discharge at Spring- 
 field, Sept. 13, 1865. 
 
 Fourteenth Cavalry. Mustered into service 
 at Peoria, in January and February, 1863; par- 
 ticipated in the battle of Cumberland Gap, in the 
 defense of Knoxville and the pursuit of Long- 
 
 street, in the engagements at Bean Station and 
 Dandridge, in tlie Macon raid, and in the cavalry 
 battle at Sunshine Church. In the latter Gen- 
 eral Stoneman surrendered, but the Fourteenth 
 cut its way out. On their retreat the men were 
 betrayed by a guide and the regiment badly cut 
 up and scattered, those escaping being hunted by 
 soldiers with bloodhounds. Later, it was engaged 
 at Waynesboro and in the battles of Franklin and 
 Nashville, and was mustered out at Nashville, 
 July 31, 1865, having marched over 10,000 miles, 
 exclusive of duty done by detachments. 
 
 Fifteenth Cavalry. Composed of companies 
 originally independent, attached to infantry regi- 
 ments and acting as such; participated in the 
 battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the 
 siege and capture of Corinth. Regimental or- 
 ganization was effected in the spring of 1863, and 
 thereafter it was engaged chiefly in scouting and 
 post duty. It was mustered out at Springfield, 
 August 25, 1864, the recruits (whose term of 
 service had not expired) being consolidated with 
 the Tenth Cavalry. 
 
 Sixteenth Cavalry. Composed principally 
 of Chicago men — Thieleman's and Schambeck's 
 Cavalry Companies, raised at the outset of the 
 war, forming the nucleus of the regiment. The 
 former served as General Sherman's body-guard 
 for some time. Captain Thieleman was made a 
 Major and authorized to raise a battalion, the 
 two companies named thenceforth being known 
 as Thieleman's Battalion. In September, 1862, 
 the War Department authorized the extension of 
 the battalion to a regiment, and, on the 11th of 
 June, 1863, the regimental organization was com- 
 pleted. It took part in the East Tennessee cam- 
 paign, a portion of the regiment aiding in the 
 defense of Knoxville, a part garrisoning Cumber- 
 and Gap, and one battalion being captured by 
 Longstreet. The regiment also participated in 
 the battles of Rocky Face Ridge, Buzzard's 
 Roost, Resaca, Kingston, Cassville, Carterville, 
 Allatoona, Kenesaw, Lost Mountain, Mines 
 Ridge, Powder Springs, Chattahoochie, Atlanta, 
 Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville. It arrived 
 in Chicago, August 23, 1865, for final payment 
 and discharge, having marched about 5,000 miles 
 and engaged in thirty-one battles, besides numer- 
 ous skirmishes. 
 
 Seventeenth Cavalry. Mustered into serv- 
 ice in January and February, 1864; aided in the 
 repulse of Price at Jefferson City, Mo. , and was 
 engaged at Booneville, Independence, Mine 
 Creek, and Fort Scott, besides doing garrison 
 duty, scouting and raiding. It was mustered 
 
sro 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 out in November and December, 1865, at Leaven- 
 worth, Kan. Gov. John L. Beveridge, who had 
 previously been a Captain and Major of the 
 Eighth CavaUy, was the Colonel of this regi- 
 ment. 
 
 First Light Artillery. Consisted of ten 
 batteries. Batteiy A was organized under the 
 first call for State troops, April 21, 1861, but not 
 mustered into the three years' service until July 
 16; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, 
 Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, the sieges of 
 Vicksburg and Jackson, and in the Atlanta cam- 
 paign; was in reserve at Champion Hills and 
 Nashville, and mustered out July 3, 1865, at 
 Chicago. 
 
 Battery B was organized in April, 1861, en- 
 gaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the 
 siege of Corinth and at La Grange, Holly Springs, 
 Memphis, Chickasaw Baj'ou, Arkansas Post, the 
 siege of Vicksbiu-g, Mechanicsburg, Richmond 
 (La.), the Atlanta campaign and the battle of 
 Nashville. The Batteiy was reorganized b}' con- 
 solidation with Battery A, and mustered out at 
 Chicago, July 2, 1865. 
 
 Battery D was organized at Cairo, Sept. 2, 1861 ; 
 was engaged at Fort Donelson and at Shiloh, 
 and mustered out, July 28, 1865, at Chicago. 
 
 Battery E was organized at Camp Douglas and 
 mustered into service, Dec. 19, 1861 ; was engaged 
 at Shiloh, Corinth, Jackson, Vicksburg, Gun- 
 town, Pontotoc, Tupelo and Nashville, and mus- 
 tered out at Louisville, Dec. 24, 1864. 
 
 Battery F was recruited at Dixon and mus- 
 tered in at Springfield, Feb. 25, 1862. It took 
 part in the siege of Corinth and the Yocona 
 expedition, and was consolidated with the other 
 batteries in the regiment, March 7, 1865. 
 
 Battery G was organized at Cairo and mus- 
 tered in Sept. 28, 1861 ; was engaged in the siege 
 and the second battle of Corinth, and mustered 
 out at S])riMg(ield, July 24, 1865. 
 
 Battery II was re(-ruited in and about Cliicago, 
 during January and February, 1S(;2; i)artici[)ated 
 in the battle c)f Shiloli, siege of Vi(dvsl)urg, and 
 in tlie Atlanta campaign, the "March to tlie 
 Sea," and tlirough the Carolinas with Sherman. 
 
 Battery I was organized at Camp Douglas and 
 muwterod in, Feb. 10, 1«62; was engaged at 
 Shiloh, in tlie Tallahatt-hie raid, the sic^ges of 
 Vif;k«ljurg and Juck.son, and in the battles of 
 ("hattanooga and Vick.sburg It vctcM'anizcd, 
 Man'h 17, 1864, and wa.s niust«!rod out, July 20, 
 
 Battery K waH organized at Sliawneetown and 
 niUMt<!r<'d in, Jan. 0, 1H(;:.>. p;trli('i|ial(!(l in Hiirn- 
 
 side"s campaign in Tennessee, and in the capture 
 of Knoxville. Part of the men were mustered 
 out at Springfield in June, 1865, and the re- 
 manider at Chicago in' July. 
 
 Battery M was organized at Camp Douglas and 
 mustered into the service, August 12, 1862, for 
 three years. It served through the Chickamauga 
 campaign, being engaged at Chickamauga; also 
 was engaged at Missionary Ridge, was besieged 
 at Chattanooga, and took part in all the impor- 
 tant battles of the Atlanta campaign. It was 
 mustered out at Chicago, July 24, 1864, having 
 traveled 3,102 miles and been under fire 178 days. 
 
 Second Light Artillery. Consisted of nine 
 batteries. Battery A was organized at Peoria, 
 and mustered into service. May 23, 1861 ; served 
 in Missouri and Arkansas, doing brilliant work 
 at Pea Ridge. It was mustered out of service at 
 Springfield, July 27, 1865. 
 
 Battery D was organized at Cairo, and mustered 
 into service in December, 1861 ; was engaged at 
 Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Jackson, 
 Meridian and Decatur, and mustered out at 
 Louisville, Nov. 21, 1864. 
 
 Battery E was organized at St. Louis, Mo., in 
 August, 1861, and mustered into service, August 
 20, at that point. It was engaged at Fort Donel- 
 son and Shiloh, and in the siege of Corinth and 
 the Yocona expedition — was consolidated with 
 Battery A. 
 
 Battery F was organized at Cape Girardeau, 
 Mo., and mustered in, Dec. 11, 1861; was engaged 
 at Shiloh, in the siege and second battle of 
 Corinth, and the Meridian campaign; also 
 at Kenesaw, Atlanta and Jonesboro. It was 
 mustered out, July 27, 1865, at Springfield. 
 
 Battery H was organized at Springfield, De- 
 cember, 1861, and mustered in, Dec. 31, 1861 ; was 
 engaged at Fort Donelson and in the siege of 
 Fort Pillow; veteranized, Jan. 1, 1864, was 
 mounted as cavalry the following summer, and 
 mustered out at Springfield, July 29, 1865. 
 
 Battery I was recruited in Will County, and 
 mustered into service at Camp Butler, Dec. 31, 
 1861. It participated in the siege of Island No. 
 10, in the advance upon Cornith, and in the 
 battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Lookout 
 Mountain, Missionary Ridge and Cliattanooga. 
 It veteranized, Jan. 1, 1804, marched with Sher- 
 man to Atlanta, and thence to Savannah and 
 Ihrough the Carolinas, and was nuisteiod out at 
 Si)iingfield. 
 
 Battery K was organized at Sjjringfiold and 
 must(!red in Dec. 31, IHfi:}; was engaged at Fort 
 I 'i I low, th(> (■a))ture of Clarkston, Mo., and tiie 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 571 
 
 siege of Vicksburg. It was mustered out, July 
 14, 1865, at Chicago. 
 
 Battery L was organized at Chicago and mus- 
 tered in, Feb. 28, 1862; participated in the ad- 
 vance on Corintli, the battle of Hatchie and the 
 advance on the Tallahatchie, and was mustered 
 out at Chicago, August 9, 1865. 
 
 Battery M was organized at Chicago, and mus- 
 tered in at Springfield, June, 1862; was engaged 
 at Jonesboro, Blue Spring, Blountsville and 
 Rogersville, being finally consolidated with 
 other batteries of the regiment. 
 
 Chicago Board of Trade Battery. Organ- 
 ized through the efforts of the Chicago Board of 
 Trade, which raised $15,000 for its equipment, 
 within forty-eight hours. It was mustered into 
 service, August 1, 1862, was engaged at Law- 
 renceburg, Murfreesboro, Stone River, Chicka- 
 mauga, Farmington, Decatur (Ga.), Atlanta, 
 Lovejoy Station, Nashville, Selma and Columbus 
 (Ga. ) It was mustered out at Chicago, June 30, 
 1865, and paid in full, July 3, having marched 
 5,268 miles and traveled by rail 1,231 miles. The 
 battery was in eleven of the hardest battles 
 fought in the West, and in twenty-six minor 
 battles, being in action forty-two times while on 
 scouts, reconnoissances or outpost duty. 
 
 Chicago Mercantile Battery. Recruited 
 and organized under the auspices of the Mercan- 
 tile Association, an association of prominent and 
 patriotic merchants of the City of Chicago. It 
 was mustered into service, August 29, 1862, at 
 Camp Douglas, participated in the Tallahatchie 
 and Yazoo expeditions, the first attack upon 
 Vicksburg, the battle of Arkansas Post, the siege 
 of Vicksburg, the battles of Magnolia Hills, 
 Champion Hills, Black River Bridge and Jackson 
 (Miss.); also took part in Banks' Red River ex- 
 pedition; was mustered out at Chicago, and 
 received final payment, July 10, 1865, having 
 traveled, by river, sea and land, over 11,000 
 miles. 
 
 Springfield Light Artillery. Recruited 
 principally from the cities of Springfield, Belle- 
 ville and Wenona, and mustered into service at 
 Springfield, for the term of three years, August 
 21, 1862, numbering 199 men and officers. It 
 participated in the capture of Little Rock and in 
 the Red River expedition, and was mustered out 
 at Springfield, 114 strong, June 30, 1865. 
 
 Cogswell's Battery, Light Artillery. 
 Organized at Ottawa, 111., and mustered in, Nov. 
 U, 1861, as Company A (Artillery) Fifty-third 
 Illinois Volunteers, Colonel Cushman command- 
 ing the regiment. It participated in the 
 
 advance on Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg, the 
 battle of Mi-ssionary Ridge, and the capture of 
 Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, near Mobile. The 
 regiment was mustered out at Springfield, August 
 14, 1865, having served three years and nine 
 months, marched over 7,500 miles, and partici- 
 pated in seven sieges and battles. 
 
 Sturges Rifles. An independent company, 
 organized at Chicago, armed, equipped and sub- 
 sisted for nearly two months, by the patriotic 
 generosity of Mr. Solomon Sturges ; was mustered 
 into service. May 6, 1861 ; in June following, was 
 ordered to West Virginia, serving as body- 
 guard of General McClellan; was engaged at 
 Rich Mountain, in the siege of Yorktown, and in 
 the seven days' battle of the Chickahominy. A 
 portion of the company was at Antietam, the 
 remainder having been detached as foragers, 
 scouts, etc. It was mustered out at Washington, 
 Nov. 25, 1862. 
 
 WAR, THE SPANISH - AMERICAN. The 
 oppressions and misrule wliich had character- 
 ized the administration of affaii's by the Spanish 
 Government and its agents for generations, in the 
 Island of Cuba, culminated, in April, 1898, in 
 mutual declarations of war between Spain and 
 the United States. The causes leading up to this 
 result were the injurious effects upon American 
 commerce and the interests of American citizens 
 owning property in Cuba, as well as the constant 
 expense imposed upon the Government of the 
 United States in the maintenance of a large navy 
 along the South Atlantic coast to suppress fili- 
 bustering, superadded to the friction and unrest 
 produced among the people of this country by the 
 long continuance of disorders and abuses so near 
 to our own shores, wliich aroused the sympathy 
 and indignation of the entire civilized world. 
 For three years a large proportion of the Cuban 
 population had been in open rebellion against the 
 Spanish Government, and, while the latter had 
 imported a large army to the island and sub- 
 jected the insurgents and their families and 
 sympathizers to the grossest cruelties, not even 
 excepting torture and starvation itself, their 
 policy had failed to bring the insurgents into 
 subjection or to restore order. In this condition 
 of affairs the United States Government had 
 endeavored, through negotiation, to secure a miti- 
 gation of the evils complained of, by a modifica- 
 tion of the Spanish policy of government in the 
 island ; but all suggestions in this direction had 
 either been resented by Spain as unwaiTan table 
 interference in her affairs, or promises of reform, 
 when made, had been as invariably broken. 
 
572 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 In the meantime an increasing sentiment had 
 been growing up in the United States in favor of 
 conceding belligerent rights to the Cuban insur- 
 gents, or the recognition of their independence, 
 which found expression in measm-es proposed in 
 Congress— all offers of friendly intervention by 
 the United States having been rejected by Spain 
 with evidences of indignation. Compelled, at 
 last, to recognize its inability to subdue the insur- 
 rection, the Spanish Government, in November, 
 1897, made a pretense of tendering autonomy to 
 the Cuban people, with the privilege of amnesty 
 to the insurgents on laying down their arms. 
 The long duration of the war and the outrages 
 perpetrated upon the helpless "reconcentrados,"' 
 coupled with the increased confidence of the 
 insurgents in the final triumph of their cause, 
 rendered this movement — even if intended to be 
 carried out to the letter — of no avail. The 
 proffer came too late, and was promptly rejected. 
 
 In this condition of affairs and with a view to 
 greater security for American interests, the 
 American battleship Maine was ordered to 
 Havana, on Jan. 24, 1898. It arrived in Havana 
 Harbor the following day, and was anchored at a 
 point designated by the Spanish commander. On 
 the night of February 15, following, it was blown 
 up and destroyed by some force, as shown by after 
 investigation, applied from without. Of a crew 
 of S'A men belonging to the vessel at the time, 
 266 were eitlier killed outright by the explosion, 
 or died from their wounds. Not only the Ameri- 
 can peoi)le, but the entire civilized world, was 
 shocked by the catastrophe. An act of horrible 
 tread lery had been perpetrated against an 
 American vessel and its crew on a peaceful mis- 
 sion in the harbor of a professedly friendly na- 
 tion. 
 
 The successive steps leading to actual hostili- 
 ties were rapid and eventful. One of the earliest 
 and most signific^aiit of these was the passage, by 
 a unanimous votn of botli houses of Congress, on 
 Jlarcli 9, of an ai)])roi)riation placing §50, ()()(), 000 
 in the hands of the President cas an emergency 
 fund for purpo.ses of national defense. This was 
 followed, two days later, by an order for the 
 mobilization of the army. The more important 
 events following tliis step were: An order, under 
 date of .April !>, witlulrawing American consuls 
 from Spanish stations; the dej)arture, on Ai)ril 9, 
 of f'oriHiil-ffeneral FitzliUKh I..ee frf)m Havana; 
 Afiril 19, the adoption })y Congress of f-oncurrent 
 reHf)lutionH riedaring Cuba independent and 
 dirwTting the ['resident to use the land and naval 
 forces of the United States to put an end to 
 
 Spanish authority in the island; April 20, the 
 sending to the Spanish Government, by the Presi- 
 dent, of an ultimatum in accordance with this 
 act ; April 21, the delivery to Minister Woodford, 
 at Madrid, of his jjassports without waiting for 
 the presentation of the ultimatum, with the 
 dejmrture of the Spanish Minister from Washing- 
 ton ; April 23, the issue of a call by the President 
 for 125,000 volunters; April 24, the final declara- 
 tion of war by Spain ; April 25, the adoption by 
 Congress of a resolution declaring that war had 
 existed from April 21 ; on the same date an order 
 to Admiral Dewey, in command of the Asiatic 
 Squadron at Hongkong, to sail for Manila with a 
 view to investing that city and blockading 
 Philippine ports. 
 
 The chief events subsequent to the declaration 
 of war embraced the following; May 1, the 
 destruction by Admiral Dewey's squadron of the 
 Spanish fleet in the harbor of Manila; May 19, 
 the arrival of the Spanish Admiral Cervera's fleet 
 at Santiago de Cuba; May 25, a second call by 
 the President for 75,000 volunteers; July 3, the 
 attempt of Cervera's fleet to escape, and its 
 destruction off Santiago; July 17, the surrender 
 of Santiago to the forces under General Shaf ter ; 
 July 30, the statement by the President, through 
 the French Ambassador at Washington, of the 
 terms on which the United States would consent 
 to make peace ; August 9, acceptance of the peace 
 terms by Spain, followed, three days later, by the 
 signing of the peace protocol ; September 9, the 
 appointment by the President of Peace Commis- 
 sioners on the part of the United States ; Sept. 18, 
 the announcement of the Peace Commissioners 
 selected by Spain; October 1, the beginning of the 
 Peace Conference by the representatives of the 
 two powers, at Paris, and the formal signing, on 
 December 10, of the peace treaty, including the 
 recognition by Spain of the freedom of Cuba, 
 with the transfer to the United States of Porto 
 Rico and her other West India islands, together 
 with the surrender of the Philippines for a con- 
 sideration of $20,000,000. 
 
 Seldom, if ever, in the histoi-y of nations have 
 siich vast and far-reaching results been accom- 
 plished within so short <a period. The war, 
 which practically began with the destruction of 
 tlio Si)anisli fleet in Manila Harbor — an event 
 whicli aroused the enthusiasm of the whole 
 Ain«?rican i)(!o))Ie, and won the respect and 
 admiration of other nations— was practically 
 ended by the surrender of Santiago and the 
 declaration by the President of the conditions of 
 peace just tliree months later. Succeeding 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 573 
 
 events, up to the formal signing of the peace 
 treaty, were merely the recognition of results 
 previously determined. 
 
 History of Illinois Regiments. — The part 
 played bj- Illinois in connection with these events 
 may be briefly summarized in the history of Illi- 
 nois regiments and other organizations. Under 
 the first call of the President for 125,000 volun- 
 teers, eight regiments^seven of infantry and one 
 of cavalry — were assigned to Illinois, to which 
 was subsequently added, on application through 
 Governor Tanner, one battery of light artil- 
 lery. The infantry regiments were made up 
 of the Illinois National Guard, numbered 
 consecutively from one to seven, and were 
 practically mobilized at their home stations 
 within forty-eight hours from the receipt of the 
 call, and began to arrive at Camp Tanner, near 
 Springfield, the place of rendezvous, on April 26, 
 the day after the issue of the Governor's call. 
 The recoi'd of Illinois troops is conspicuous for 
 the promptness of their response and the com- 
 pleteness of their organization — in this respect 
 being unsurpassed by those of any other State. 
 Under the call of May 25 for an additional force 
 of 75,000 men, the quota assigned to Illinois was 
 two regiments, which were promptly furnished, 
 taking the names of the Eightli and Ninth. The 
 first of the.se belonged to the Illinois National 
 Guard, as the regiments mustered in under the 
 first call had done, while the Ninth was one of a 
 number of "Provisional Regiments" which had 
 tendered their services to the Government. Some 
 twenty-five other regiments of this class, more or 
 less complete, stood ready to perfect their organi- 
 zations should there be occasion for their serv- 
 ices. The aggregate strength of Illinois organi- 
 zations at date of muster out from the United 
 States service was 12,280 — 11,789 men and 491 
 officers. 
 
 First Regiment Illinois Volunteers (orig- 
 inally Illinois National Guard) was organized at 
 Chicago, and mustered into the United States 
 service at Camp Tanner (Springfield), under the 
 command of Col. Henry L. Turner, May 13, 1898; 
 left Springfield for Camp Thomas (Chickamauga) 
 May 17; assigned to First Brigade, Third 
 Division, of the First Army Corps; started for 
 Tampa, Fla., June 2, but soon after arrival there 
 was transferred to Picnic Island, and assigned to 
 provost dut}^ in place of the First United States 
 Infantiy. On June 30 the bulk of the regiment 
 embarked for Cuba, but was detained in the har- 
 bor at Key West until July 5, when the vessel 
 sailed for Santiago, arriving in Guantanamo Bay 
 
 on the evening of the 8th. Disembarking on 
 the 10th, the whole regiment arrived on the 
 firing line on the 11th, spent several days and 
 nights in the trenches before Santiago, and 
 were present at the surrender of that city 
 on the 17th. Two companies had previously 
 been detached for the scarcely less perilous duty 
 of service in the fever hospitals and in caring 
 for their ■u'ounded comrades. The next month 
 was spent on guard duty in the captured city, 
 until August 25, when, depleted in numbers and 
 weakened by fever, the bulk of the regiment was 
 transferred by hospital boats to Camp Wikoff, on 
 Montauk Point, L. I. The members of the regi- 
 ment able to travel left Camp Wikoff, September 
 8, for Chicago, arriving two days later, where they 
 met an enthusiastic reception and were mustered 
 out, November 17, 1,235 strong (rank and file) — a 
 considerable number of recruits having joined the 
 regiment just before leaving Tampa. The record 
 of the First was conspicuous by the fact that it 
 was the only Illinois regiment to see service in 
 Cuba during the progress of actual hostilities. 
 Before leaving Tampa some eighty members of the 
 regiinent were detailed for engineering duty in 
 Porto Rico, sailed for that island on July 12, and 
 were among the first to perform service there. 
 The First suffered severely from yellow fever 
 while in Cuba, but, as a regiment, while in the 
 service, made a brilliant record, which was highly 
 complimented in the official reports of its com- 
 manding officers. 
 
 Second Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
 fantry (originally Second I. N. G.). This regi- 
 ment, also from Chicago, began to arrive at 
 Springfield, April 27, 1898 — at that time number- 
 ing 1,202 men and 47 officers, under command of 
 Col. George M. Moulton; was mustered in 
 between May 4 and May 15; on May 17 started 
 for Tampa, Fla. , but en route its destination was 
 changed to Jacksonville, where, as a part of the 
 Seventh Army Corps, under command of Gen. 
 Fitzhugh Lee, it assisted in the dedication of 
 Camp Cuba Libre. October 25 it was transferred 
 to Savannah, Ga., remaining at "Camp Lee" until 
 December 8, when two battalions embarked for 
 Havana, landing on the 15th, being followed, a 
 few days later, by the Third Battalion, and sta- 
 tioned at Camp Columbia. From Dec. 17 to Jan. 
 11, 1899, Colonel Moulton served as Chief of 
 Police for the city of Havana. On March 28 to 30 
 the regiment left Camp Columbia in detach- 
 ments for Augusta, Ga., where it arrived April 
 5, and was mustered out, April 26, 1,051 strong 
 (rank and file), and returned to Chicago. Dur- 
 
574 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ing its stay in Cuba the regiment did not lose a 
 man. A liistoi\v of tlais regiment lias been 
 written by Rev. H. W. Bolton, its late Chaplain. 
 
 Third Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
 fantry, composed of companies of the Illinois 
 National Guard from the counties of La Salle. 
 Livingston, Kane, Kankakee, McHenrj', Ogle, 
 "Will, and "Winnebago, under command of Col. 
 Fred Bennitt, reported at Springfield, with 1,170 
 men and 50 officers, on April 27 ; was mustered 
 in 'Slay 7, 1898; transferred from Springfield to 
 Camp Thomas (Chickamauga), INIay 14; on July 
 22 left Chickamauga for Porto Rico ; on the 28tli 
 sailed from Newport News, on the liner St. Louis, 
 an'iving at Ponce, Porto Rico, on July 31 ; soon 
 after disembarking captured Arroyo, and assisted 
 in the capture of Guayama, which was the 
 beginning of General Brooke's advance across 
 the island to San Juan, when intelligence was 
 received of the signing of the peace protocol by 
 Siiain. From August 13 to October 1 the Third 
 continued in the performance of guard duty in 
 Porto Rico; on October 22, 986 men and 39 offi- 
 cei-s took transport for home by way of New York, 
 arriving in Chicago, November 11, the several 
 companies being mustered out at their respective 
 home stations. Its strength at final muster-out 
 ■was 1,273 men and officers. This regiment had 
 the distinction of being one of the first to see 
 service in Porto Rico, but suffered severely from 
 fever and other diseases during the three months 
 of its stay in the island. 
 
 Fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, com- 
 posed of companies from Champaign, Coles, 
 Douglas, Edgar, Effingham, Fayette, Jackson, 
 Jefferson, Montgomery, Richland, and St. Clair 
 counties; mustered into the service at Spring- 
 field, "May 20, under command of Col. Casimer 
 Andel; .started iinmediateh' for Tampa, Fla., but 
 en route its destination was (^hanged to Jackson- 
 ville, where it was stationed at Camp Cuba Libre 
 as a jiart of tlie Seventh Cor])s under command of 
 Gen. Fitzhugli Lee; in Ot;tober was transferred 
 to Suvann.ah, Ga., remaining at Camp Onward 
 until a'»out the first of January, wlien the regi- 
 ment took sliip for Havana. Here the regiment 
 was stationed at Camp Columbia until Ajjril 4, 
 1899, wlien it returned to Augusta, Ga., and was 
 niUKt«^r(sd out at Camp Mackenzie (Augusta), May 
 2, the corii|>anies returning to their nisixictivo 
 )iome stations. During a ])art-of its stay at 
 Ju<-kH<>iiville, and again at Savannah, tlie regi- 
 ment w;iH einjdoyed on guard duty. Wliih^ at 
 Jacksonville Colonrd Andel was Kuspcndfil by 
 court-inurtial. ami finally tendered his resigna- 
 
 tion, his place being supplied by Lieut. -Col. Eben 
 Swift, of the Ninth. 
 
 Fifth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
 F.\NTRY was the first regiment to report, and was 
 mustered in at Springfield, May 7, 1898, under 
 command of Col. James S. Culver, being finally 
 composed of twelve companies from Pike, Chris- 
 tian, Sangamon, McLean, Montgomery, Adams, 
 Tazewell, Macon, Morgan, Peoria, and Fulton 
 counties; on May 14 left Springfield for Camp 
 Thomas (Chickamauga, Ga.), being assigned to 
 the command of General Brooke ; August 3 left 
 Chickamauga for Newport News, Va., with the 
 expectation of embarking for Porto Rico — a 
 previous order of July 26 to the same purport 
 having been countermanded; at Newport News 
 embarked on the transport Obdam, but again the 
 order was rescinded, and, after remaining on 
 board thirty-six hours, the regiment was disem- 
 barked. The next move was made to Lexington^ 
 Ky., where the regiment — having lost hope of 
 reaching "the front" — remained until Sept. 5, 
 when it returned to Springfield for final muster- 
 out. This regiment was composed of some of the 
 best material in the State, and anxious for active 
 service, but after a succession of disappoint- 
 ments, was compelled to return to its home sta- 
 tion without meeting the enemy. After its arrival 
 at Springfield the regiment was furloughed for 
 thirty days and finally mustered out, October 16, 
 numbering 1,213 men and 47 officers. 
 
 Sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- 
 fantry, consisting of twelve companies from the 
 counties of Rock Island, Knox, "Wliiteside, Lee, 
 Carroll, Stephenson, Henry, "Warren, Bvu'eau, and 
 Jo Daviess, was mustered in May 11, 1898, under 
 conunand of Col. D. Jack Foster; on May 17 left 
 Si)ringfield for Camp Alger, Va. ; July 5 the 
 regiment moved to Charleston, S. C, where a 
 l>art embarked for Siboney, Cuba, but the whole 
 regiment was soon after united in General 
 Miles' expedition for the invasion of Porto Rico, 
 landing at Guanico on July 25, and advancing 
 into the interior as far as Adjunta and Utuado. 
 After several weeks' service in the interior, the 
 regiment returned to Ponce, and on September 7 
 took transport for the return home, arrived at 
 Springfield a week later, and was mustered out 
 November 25, the regiment at that time consist- 
 ing of 1,239 men and 19 officHirs. 
 
 Skvknth Illinois Volunteer Infantry 
 (known as the "Hibernian Rifles"). Two 
 liattalion.'-' of this regiment reported at Spring, 
 field, .\pril 27, witli 33 otTicers and 705 enlisted 
 men. Iicing art(Mvvarils iniToased to the ma.xi- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 575 
 
 mum ; was mustered into the United States serv- 
 ice, under command of Col. Marcus Kavanagli, 
 May 18, 1898 ; on May 28 started for Camp Alger, 
 Va. ; was afterwards encamped at Thoroughfare 
 Gap and Camp Meade ; on September 9 returned 
 to Springfield, was furloughed for thirty days, 
 and mustered out, October 20, numbering 1,260 
 men and 49 officers. Like the Fifth, the Seventh 
 saw no actual service in the field. 
 
 Eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry (col- 
 ored regiment), mustered into the service at 
 Springfield under the second call of the Presi- 
 dent, July 23, 1898, being composed wholly of 
 Afro- Americans under officers of their own race, 
 with Col. John R. Marshall in command, the 
 muster-roll showing 1,195 men and 76 officers. 
 The six companies, from A to F, were from Chi- 
 cago, the other five being, respectively, from 
 Bloomington, Sj)ringfield, Quincy, Litchfield, 
 Mound City and Metropolis, and Cairo. The 
 regiment having tendered their services to 
 relieve the First Illinois on duty at Santiago de 
 Cuba, it started for Cuba, August 8, by way of 
 New York ; immediately on ari'ival at Santiago, 
 a week later, was assigned to duty, but subse- 
 quently transferred to San Luis, where Colone, 
 Marshall was made military governor. The 
 major part of the regiment remained here until 
 ordered home early in March, 1899, arrived at 
 Chicago, March 15, and was mustered out, April 
 3, 1,226 strong, rank and file, having been in 
 service nine months and six days. 
 
 Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was 
 organized from the counties of Southern Illinois, 
 and mustered in at Springfield under the second 
 call of the President, July 4-11, 1898, under com- 
 mand of Col. James R. Campbell; arrived at 
 Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Fla.), August 9; 
 two months later was transferred to Savannah, 
 Ga. ; was moved to Havana in December, where 
 it remained until May, 1899, when it returned to 
 Augusta, Ga., and was mustered out there, Maj"" 
 20, 1899, at that time consisting of 1,095 men and 
 46 officers. From Augusta the several companies 
 returned to their respective home stations. The 
 Ninth was the only * 'Provisional Regiment" from 
 Illinois mustered into the service during the 
 war, the other regiments all belonging to the 
 National Guard. 
 
 First Illinois Cavalry was organized at Chi- 
 cago immediately after the President's first call, 
 seven companies being recruited from Chicago, 
 two from Bloomington, and one each from 
 Springfield, Elkhart, and Lacon ; was mustered in 
 at Soringfield, Mav 21. 1898, under command of 
 
 Col. Edward C. Young; left Springfield for Camp 
 Thomas, Ga., May 30, remaining there until 
 August 24, when it returned to Fort Slieridan, 
 near Chicago, where it was stationed until October 
 11, when it was mustered out, at that time con- 
 sisting of 1,158 men and 50 officers. Although 
 the regiment saw no active service in the field, it 
 established an excellent record for itself in respect 
 to discipline. 
 
 First Engineering Corps, consisting of 80 
 men detailed from the First Illinois Volunteers, 
 were among the first Illinois soldiers to see serv- 
 ice in Porto Rico, accompanying General Miles' 
 exiDedition in the latter part of July, and being 
 engaged for a time in the construction of bridges 
 in aid of the intended advance across the island. 
 On September 8 they embarked for the return 
 home, arrived at Chicago, September 17, and 
 were mustered out November 20. 
 
 Battery A (I. N. G.), from Danville, 111., was 
 mustered in under a special order of the War 
 Department, May 12, 1898, under command of 
 Capt. Oscar P. Yaeger, consisting of 118 men; 
 left Springfield for Camp Thomas, Ga., May 19, 
 and, two months later, joined in General Miles' 
 Porto Rico expedition, landing at Guanico on 
 August 3, and taking part in the afi'air at Gua' 
 yama on the 12th. News of peace having been 
 received, the Battery returned to Ponce, where 
 it remained until September 7, when it started 
 on the return home by way of New York, arrived 
 at Danville, September 17, was furloughed for 
 sixty days, and mustered out November 25. The 
 Battery was equipped with modern breech-load- 
 ing rapid-firing guns, operated by practical artil- 
 lerists and prepared for effective service. 
 
 Natal Reserves. — One of the earliest steps 
 taken by the Government after it became ap- 
 parent that hostilities could not be avei-ted, was 
 to begin preparation for strengthening the naval 
 arm of the service. The existence of the "Naval 
 Militia," first organized in 1893, placed Illinois in 
 an exceptionally favorable position for making a 
 prompt response to the call of the Government, as 
 well as furnishing a sujjerior class of men for 
 service — a fact evidenced during the operations 
 in the West Indies. Gen. John McNulta, as head 
 of the local committee, was active in calling the 
 attention of the Navy Department to the value of 
 the service to be rendered by this organization, 
 which resulted in its being enlisted practically as 
 a body, taking the name of "Naval Reserves" — 
 all but eighty-eight of the number passing the 
 I^hysical examination, the places of these being 
 promptly filled by new recruits. The first de- 
 
576 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 tachment of over 200 left Chicago May 3, under 
 the commaud of Lieut. -Com. John M. Hawley, 
 followeil soon after by the remainder of the First 
 Battalion, making the whole number from Chi- 
 cago 400, with 267, constituting the Second Bat- 
 talion, from other towns of the State. The latter 
 was made up of 147 men from Moline, 58 from 
 Quincy, and 62 from Alton — making a total from 
 the State of 667. This does not include others, 
 not belonging to this organization, who enlisted 
 for service in the nav^^ during the war, which 
 raised the whole number for the State over 1,000. 
 The Reserves enlisted from Illinois occupied a 
 different relation to the Government from that 
 of the "naval militia" of other States, which 
 retained their State organizations, while those 
 from Illinois were regularly mustered into the 
 United States service. The recruits from Illinois 
 ■were embarked at Key West, Norfolk and New 
 York, and distributed among fifty-two different 
 vessels, including nearlj' every vessel belonging 
 to the North Atlantic Squadron. They saw serv- 
 ice in nearly every department from the position 
 of stokers in the hold to that of gunners in the 
 turrets of the big battleships, the largest number 
 (60) being assigned to the famous battleship Ore- 
 gon, while the cruiser Yale followed with 47; the 
 Harvard with 35; Cincinnati, 27; Yankton, 19; 
 Franklin, 18; Montgomery and Indiana, each, 17; 
 Hector, 14; Marietta, 11; Wilmington and Lan- 
 caster, 10 each, and others down to one each. 
 Illinois sailors thus had the privilege of partici- 
 pating in the brilliant affair of July 3, which 
 resulted in the destruction of Cervera's fleet off 
 Santiago, as also in nearly every other event in 
 tlie West Indies of less importance, without the 
 loss of a man while in the service, although 
 among the most expo.sed. They were mustered 
 out at different times, as they could be spared 
 from the .service, or the vessels to which tliey 
 •wen; attaclied went out of commission, a portion 
 serving out their full term of one year. The 
 Reserves from Chicago retain tlieir organization 
 under the name of "Naval Reserve Veterans," 
 with liead<iuarters in the Masonic Temple Build- 
 ing. Cliicago. 
 
 WARD, James H., ex-Congressman, was born 
 in Chicago, Nov. 30, 1853, and educated in the 
 Chica(;f> [niblic schools ami at tlio University of 
 Notre Danie, graduating from the latter in lH73. 
 Three yejirn latfif lio graduated from the Union 
 College of I,jiw, Chicago, and was admitteil to 
 tlip Irtvr. Since then ho has continued to |)ractico 
 hJH profcHHi'in in Ids natives city. In if<7ft ho was 
 <'le<;te<J Hup«!rvJHor of the town of Went Chicago, 
 
 and, in 1884, was a candidate for Presidential 
 Elector on the Democratic ticket, and the same 
 year, was the successful candidate of his party 
 for Congress in the Third Illinois District, serv- 
 ing one term. 
 
 "WIXXEBAGO INDIANS, a tribe of the Da- 
 cota, or Sioux, stock, which at one time occupied 
 a part of Northern Illinois. The word Winne- 
 bago is a corruption of the French Ouinebe- 
 goutz, Ouimbegouc, etc., the diphthong "ou" 
 taking the place of the consonant "w, " which is 
 wanting in the French alphabet. These were, 
 in turn, French misspellings of an Algonquin 
 term meaning "fetid," which the latter tribe 
 applied to the Winnebagoes because they had 
 come from the western ocean — the salt (or 
 "fetid") water. In their advance towards the 
 East the Winnebagoes early invaded the country 
 of the Illinois, but were finally driven north- 
 ward by the latter, who surpassed them in num- 
 bers rather than in bravery. The invaders 
 settled in Wisconsin, near the Fox River, and 
 here they were first visited by the Jesuit Fathers 
 , in the seventeenth century. (See Jesuit Rela- 
 tions.) The Winnebagoes are commonly re- 
 garded as a Wisconsin tribe; yet, that they 
 claimed territorial rights in Illinois is shown by 
 the fact that the treaty of Prairia du Chien 
 (August 1, 1829), alludes to a Winnebago village 
 located in what is now Jo Daviess County, near 
 the mouth of the fecatonica River. While, as a 
 rule, the tribe, if left to itself, was disjiosed to 
 live in amity with the whites, it was carried 
 away by the eloquence and diplomacy of 
 Tecumseli and the cajoleries of "The Prophet."' 
 General Harrison especially alludes to the brav- 
 ery of the Winnebago warriors at Tippecanoe' 
 which he attributees in part, however, to a super- 
 stitious faith in "The Prophet." In June or 
 July, 1827, an unprovoked and brutal outrage by 
 the whites upon an unoffending and practically 
 defenseless party of Winnebagoes, near Prairie 
 du Cliien brought on what is known as the 
 'Winnebago War." (See Winnebago ^Var.) 
 The tribe took no part in the Blac^k Hawk War, 
 largely because of the great influence and shrewd 
 tactic of their chief, Naw-caw. By treaties 
 executed in 1832 and 1837 tlie Winnebagoes ceded 
 to the United States all tlieir lands lying east of 
 the Mississippi. Thoy were fhially removed west 
 of that rivcM-, and, a.ftcsr many sliiftings of loca- 
 tion, wore placed u]W)ii tlie Omaiia Reservation in 
 East(!rn Nebraska, where their industry, thrift 
 and peaceable disposition elicited high praise 
 from (lovoriiiiicnt ollicials. 
 
HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 577 
 
 WARNER, Vespasian, lawyer and Member of 
 Congi'ess, was born in De Witt County, 111., April 
 23, 1842, and has lived all liis life in his native 
 county — his present residence being Clinton. 
 After a short coui-se in Lombard University, 
 vi^hile studying law in the office of Hon. Law- 
 rence Weldon, at Clinton, he enlisted as a private 
 soldier of the Twentieth Illinois Volunteers, in 
 June, 1861, serving until July, 1866, when he was 
 mustered out with the rank of Captain and 
 brevet Major. He received a gunshot wound at 
 Shiloh, but continued to serve in the Army of 
 the Tennessee until the evacuation of Atlanta, 
 when he was ordered North on account of dis- 
 ability. His last service was in fighting Indians 
 on the plains. After the war he completed his 
 law studies at Harvard University, graduating in 
 1868, when he entered into a law partnership 
 with Clifton H. Moore of Clinton. He served as 
 Judge-Advocate General of the Illinois National 
 Guard for several years, with the rank of Colonel, 
 under the administrations of Governors Hamil- 
 ton, Oglesby and Fifer, and, in 1894, was nomi- 
 nated and elected, as a Republican, to the 
 Fifty-fourth Congress for the Thirteenth District, 
 being re-elected in 1896, and again in 1898. In 
 the Fifty-fifth Congress, Mr. Warner was a mem- 
 ber of the Committees on Agriculture and Invalid 
 Pensions, and Chairman of the Committee on 
 Revision of the Laws. 
 
 WARREN, a village in Jo Daviess County, at 
 intersection of the Illinois Central and the Chi- 
 cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railways, 26 miles 
 west-northwest of Freeport and 27 miles east by 
 north of Galena. The surrounding region is 
 agricultural and stock-raising ; there are also lead 
 mines in the vicinity. Tobacco is grown to some 
 extent. Warren has a flouring mill, tin factory, 
 creamery and stone quarries, a State bank, water 
 supply from artesian wells, fire department, gas 
 plant, two weekly newspapers, five churches, a 
 high school, an academy and a public library. 
 Pop. (1890), 1,172; (1900), 1,327. 
 
 WARREN, Calvin A., lawyer, was born in 
 Essex County, N. Y., June 3, 1807; in his youth, 
 worked for a time, as a typographer, in the office 
 of "The Northern Spectator," at Poultney, Vt., 
 side by side with Horace Greeley, afterwards the 
 founder of "The New York Tribune." Later, he 
 became one of the publishers of "The Palladium" 
 at Ballston, N. Y., but, in 1832, removed to 
 Hamilton County, Ohio, where he began the 
 study of law, completing his course at Transyl- 
 vania University, Ky., in 1834, and beginning 
 practice at- Batavia, Ohio, as the partner of 
 
 Thomas Morris, then a United States Senator 
 from Ohio, whose daughter he married, thereby 
 becoming the brother-in-law of the late Isaac N. 
 Morris, of Quincy, 111. In 1836, Mr. Warren 
 came to Quincy, Adams County, 111., but soon 
 after removed to Warsaw in Hancock County, 
 where he resided until 1839, when he returned to 
 Quincy. Here he continued in practice, either 
 alone or as a partner, at different times, of sev- 
 eral of the leading attorneys of that city. 
 Although he held no office except that of Master 
 in Chancery, which he occupied for some sixteen 
 years, the possefssion of an inexhaustible fund of 
 humor, with strong practical sense and decided 
 ability as a speaker, gave him great popularity 
 at the bar and upon the stump, and made him a 
 recognized leader in the ranks of the Democratic 
 party, of which he was a life-long member. He 
 served as Presidential Elector on the Pierce 
 ticket in 1852, and was the nominee of his party 
 for the same position on one or two other occa- 
 sions. Died, at Quincy, Feb. 22, 1881. 
 
 WARREN, Hooper, pioneer journalist, was 
 born at Walpole, N. H., in 1790; learned the print- 
 er's trade on the Rutland (Vt.) "Herald"; in 
 1814 went to Delaware, whence, three years later, 
 he emigrated to Kentucky, working for a time 
 on a paper at Frankfort. In 1818 he came to St. 
 Louis and worked in the office of the old "Mis- 
 souri Gazette" (the predecessor of "The Repub- 
 lican"), and also acted as the agent of a lumber 
 company at Cairo, 111. , wlien the whole popula- 
 tion of that place consisted of one family domi- 
 ciled on a grounded flat-boat. In March, 1819, 
 he established, at Edwardsville, the third paper 
 in Illinois, its predecessors being "The Illinois 
 Intelligencer," at Kaskaskia, and "The Illinois 
 Emigrant,'' at Shawneetown. The name given 
 to the new paper was "The Spectator," and the 
 contest over the effort to introduce a pro-slavery 
 clause in the State Constitution soon brought it 
 into prominence. Backed by Governor Coles, 
 Congressman Daniel P. Cook, Judge S. D. Lock- 
 wood, Rev. Thomas Lippincott, Judge Wm. H. 
 Brown (afterwards of Chicago), George Churchill 
 and other opponents of slavery, "The Spectator" 
 made a sturdy fight in opposition to the scheme, 
 which ended in defeat of the measure by the 
 rejection at the polls, in 1824, of the proposition 
 for a Constitutional Convention. Warren left 
 the Edwardsville paper in 1825, and was, for a 
 time, associated with "The National Crisis," an 
 anti-slavery paper at Cincinnati, but soon re- 
 turned to Illinois and established "The Sangamon 
 Spectator" — the first paper ever published at the 
 
578 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 present State capital. This he sold out in 1829, 
 and, for the next three j-ears, was connected 
 with "The Advertiser and Upper Mississippi Her- 
 ald," at Galena. Abandoning this field in 1832, 
 he removed to Hennepin, where, within the next 
 five years, he held the offices of Clerk of the Cir- 
 cuit and Coimty Commissioners' Courts and ex- 
 officio Recorder of Deeds. In 1836 he began the 
 publication of the third paper in Chicago — "The 
 Commercial Advertiser" (a weekly) — which was 
 continued a little more than a year, when it was 
 abandoned, and he settled on a farm at Henry, 
 Marshall County. His further newspaper ven- 
 tures were, as the associate of Zebina Eastman, in 
 the publication of "The Genius of Liberty," at 
 Lowell, La Salle County, and "The Western 
 Citizen" — afterwards "The Free West" — in Chi- 
 cago. (See Eastman, Zebina, and Liindy, Ben- 
 jamin.) On the discontinuance of "The Free 
 West" in 1856, he again retired to his farm at 
 Henry, where he spent the remainder of his days. 
 While returning home from a visit to Chicago, 
 in August, 1864, he was taken ill at Mendota, 
 dying there on the 22d of the month. 
 
 WARREN, John Esaias, diplomatist and real- 
 estate operator, w^as born in Troy, N. Y., in 1826, 
 graduated at Union College and was connected 
 with the American Legation to Spain during the 
 administration of President Pierce; in 1859-60 
 was a member of the Minnesota Legislature and, 
 in 1861-62, Maj-or of St. Paul; in 1867, came to 
 Chicago, where, while engaged in real-estate 
 business, he became known to the press as the 
 author of a series of articles entitled "Topics of 
 the Time." In 1886 he took up his residence in 
 Brussels, Belgium, where he died, July C, 1896. 
 Mr. Warren was autlior of several volumes of 
 travel, of which "An Attache in Sjiain" and 
 "Para" are most important. 
 
 WARREX COrXTY. A western county, 
 creat<!d l)y act of the Legislature, in 1825, but 
 not fully organizc'il until 1830, liavingat tliat time 
 alxdit 3.50 iiiliabitaiits; lias an area of 540 .square 
 milas, and was named for Gen. Josei)h Warren. 
 It is drained by the Henderson River and its 
 affluents, and is traversed by the Chicago, Bur- 
 lington & Quincy (two divisions), tlie Iowa 
 Central and the Atchi.son, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 Railroads. Biturniiioiis rf>al is miiKid and lime- 
 Htone isfiuarricd in largo (piantities. The <;ouiit}''s 
 early development was retarded in con.se(iU(!nce 
 of having U'f<inie the ".st-at of war," during tlie 
 lilar'k Hawk War. The prinriicil products are 
 prain and live-stock, although manufacturing is 
 carried on to Home extent. The county-seat and 
 
 chief city is Monmouth (which see). Rosevllle 
 is a shipping point. Population (1880), 22,933. 
 (1890), 21,281; (1900), 23,163. 
 
 WARRENSBURG, a town of Macon County, 
 on Peoria Division 111. Cent. Railway, 9 miles 
 northwest of Decatur; has elevators, canning 
 factory, a bank and newspaper. Pop. (1900), 503. 
 
 WARSAW, the largest town in Hancock 
 County, and admirably situated for trade. It 
 stands on a bluff on the Mississippi River, some 
 three miles below Keokuk, and about 40 miles 
 above Quincy. It is the western terminus of the 
 Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway, and lies 116 
 miles west-southwest of Peoria. Old Fort 
 Edwards, established by Gen. Zachary Taylor, 
 during the War of 1812, was located within the 
 limits of the present city of Warsaw, opposite the 
 mouth of the Des Moines River. An iron 
 foundry, a large woolen mill, a plow factory 
 and cooperage works are its principal manufac- 
 turing establishments. The channel of the Missis- 
 sippi admits of the passage of the largest steamers 
 up to this point. Warsaw has eight churches, a 
 system of common schools conaprising one high 
 and three grammar schools, a National bank and 
 two weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 3,105; 
 (1890), 2,721; (1900), 2,335. 
 
 WASHBURN, a village of Woodford County, on 
 a branch of the Chicago & Alton Railway 25 
 miles northeast of Peoria; has banks and a 
 weekly paper; the district is agricultural. Popu- 
 lation (1890), 598; (1900), 703. 
 
 WASHBURNE, Eiihu Benjamin, Congressman 
 and diplomatist, was born at Livermore, Maine, 
 Sept. 23, 1816 ; in early life learned the trade of a 
 printer, but graduated from Harvard Law School 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1840. Coming 
 west, he settled at Galena, forming a partnership 
 with Charles S. Hempstead, for the practice of 
 law, in 1841. He was a stalwart Whig, and, as 
 such, was elected to Congress in 1852. He (con- 
 tinued to represent his District until 1869, taking 
 a prominent i)osition, as a Republican, on the 
 organization of that party. On account of liis 
 long service he was known as the "Father of the 
 House," administering the Speaker's oath three 
 times to Sc;huyler Colfax and once to James G. 
 Blaine. He was appointed Secretary of State by 
 General Grant in 1869, but surrendered his port- 
 folio to bo(U)nie Envoy to Franco, in wliicii ni- 
 pa(!ity lie ac^liieved gniat distintction. Ho was the 
 only oflicial r(!pre.s(!ntative of a foreign gov(>rn- 
 nient who niinained in Paris, during tlie siege of 
 that city by the Germans (1870-71) and the reign 
 of the "Commune." For his conduct he was 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 579 
 
 honored by the Governments of France and Ger- 
 many alike. On his return to the United States, 
 he made his home in Chicago, where he devoted 
 his latter years chiefly to literary labor, and 
 where he died, Oct. 22, 1887. He was strongly 
 favored as a candidate for the Presidency in 1880. 
 
 WASHINGTON, a city in Tazewell County, 
 situated at the intersection of the Chicago & 
 Alton, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, and the 
 Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroads. It is 31 
 miles west of El Paso, and 13 miles east of Peoria. 
 Carriages, plows and farming implements con- 
 stitute the manufactured output. It is also an 
 important shipping-point for farm products. It 
 has electric light and water-works plants, eight 
 churches, a graded sclicol, two banks and two 
 newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,301 ; (1900), 1,451. 
 
 WASHINGTON COUNTY, an interior county of 
 Southern Illinois, east of St, Louis; is drained by 
 the Kaskaskia River and the Elkhorn, Beaucoup 
 and Muddy Creeks; was organized in 1818, and 
 has an area of 540 square miles. The surface is 
 diversified, well watered and timbered. The 
 soil is of variable fertility. Corn, wheat and 
 oats are the chief agricultural products. Manu- 
 facturing is carried onto some extent, among 
 the products being agricultural implements, 
 flour, carriages and wagons. The most impor- 
 tant town is Nashville, which is also the county- 
 seat. Population (1890), 19,262; (1900), 19,526. 
 Washington was one of the fifteen counties into 
 which Illinois was divided at the organization of 
 the State Government, being one of the last 
 three created during the Territorial period — the 
 other two being Franklin and Union. 
 
 WASHINGTON HEIGHTS, a village of Cook 
 County, on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
 and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
 Louis Railways, 13 miles southwest of Chicago ; 
 has a graded school, female seminary, military 
 school, a car factory, several churches and a 
 newspaper. Annexed to City of Chicago, 1890. 
 
 WATAGA, a village of Knox County, on the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 8 miles 
 northeast of Galesburg. Population (1900), 545. 
 
 WA.TERLOO, the county-seat and chief town 
 of Monroe County, on the Illinois Division of the 
 Mobile & Ohio Railroad, 24 miles east of south 
 from St. Louis. The region is chieflj' agricultural, 
 but underlaid with coal. Its industries embrace 
 two flour mills, a plow factory, distillerj^ cream- 
 ery, two ice plants, and some minor concerns. 
 The city has municipal water and electric light 
 plants, four churches, a graded school and two 
 newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,860; (1900) 3,114. 
 
 WATERMAN, Arba Nelson, lawyer and jurist, 
 was born at Greensboro, Orleans County, Vt. , 
 Feb. 3, 1836. After receiving an academic edu- 
 cation and teaching for a time, he read law at 
 Montpelier and, later, passed through the Albany 
 Law School. In 1861 he was admitted to the 
 bar, removed to Joliet, 111. , and opened an office. 
 In 1863 he enlisted as a private in the One Hun- 
 dredth Illinois Volunteers, serving with the 
 Army of the Cumberland for two years, and 
 being mustered out in August, 1864, with the 
 rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. On leaving the 
 army. Colonel Waterman commenced practice in 
 Chicago. In 1873-74 he represented the Eleventh 
 Ward in the City Council. In 1887 he was elected 
 to the bench of the Cook County Circuit Court, 
 and was re-elected in 1891 and, again, in 1897. In 
 1890 he was assigned as one of the Judges of the 
 Appellate Court. 
 
 WATSEKA, the county-seat of Iroquois County, 
 situated on the Iroquois River, at tlie mouth of 
 Sugar Creek, and at the intersection of the Chi- 
 cago & Eastern Illinois and the Toledo, Peoria & 
 Western Railroads, 77 miles soutli of Chicago, 46 
 miles north of Danville and 14 miles east of 
 Gilman. It has flour-mills, brick and tile works 
 and foundries, besides several churches, banks, a 
 graded school and three weekly newspapers. 
 Artesian well water is obtained by boring to the 
 depth of 100 to 160 feet, and some forty flowing 
 stream.s from these shafts are in the place. Popu- 
 lation (1890), 2,017; (1900), 3,505. 
 
 WATTS, Amos, jurist, was born in St. Clair 
 County, 111., Oct. 35, 1821, but removed to W^ash- 
 ington County in boyhood, and was elected County 
 Clerk in 1847, '49 and "53, and State's Attorney 
 for the Second Judicial District in 1856 and '60; 
 then became editor and proprietor of a news- 
 paper, later resuming the practice of law, and, in 
 1873, was elected Circuit Judge, remaining in 
 office until his death, at Nashville, 111., Dec. 6, 
 1888. 
 
 WAUKEGAN, the county-seat and principal 
 city of Lake County, situated en the shore of 
 Lake Blichigan and on the Chicago & North- 
 western Railroad, about 36 miles north by west 
 from Chicago, and 50 miles south of Milwaukee; 
 is also the northern terminus of the Elgin, Joliet 
 & Eastern Railroad and connected by electric 
 lines with Chicago and Fox Lake. Lake Michigan 
 is about 80 miles wide opposite this point. 
 Waukegan was first known as "Little Fort," 
 from the remains of an old fort that stood on its 
 site. The principal part of the city is built on a 
 bluff', which rises abruptly to the height of about 
 
580 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 fifty feet. Between the bluff and tlie shore is a 
 flat tract about 400 j-ards wide which is occupied 
 by gardens, dwellings, warehouses and manu- 
 factories. The manufactui-es include steel-wire, 
 refined sugar, scales, agricultural implements, 
 brass and iron products, sash, doors and blinds, 
 leather, beer, etc. : the city has paved streets, gas 
 and electric light plants, three banks, eight or 
 ten churches, graded and high schools and two 
 newspapers. A large trade in grain, lumber, coal 
 and dairy products is carried on. Pop. (1890), 
 4,91.j; (1900), 9,4-26. 
 
 WAIKEGAX ic SOUTHWESTERN RAIL- 
 WAY. (See Elgin, Jolict & Eastern Railway.) 
 
 WAVER LY, a city in Morgan County, 18 miles 
 southeast of Jacksonville, on the Jacksonville & 
 St. Louis and the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis 
 Railroads. It was originally settled by enter- 
 prising emigrants from New England, whose 
 descendants constitute a lai-ge proportion of the 
 population. It is the center of a rich agricultural 
 region, has a fine graded school, six or seven 
 churches, two banks, two newspapers and tile 
 works. Population (1880), 1,124; (1890), 1,337; 
 (1900), 1,573. 
 
 WAYNE, (Gen.) Anthony, soldier, was born in 
 Chester County, Pa., Jan. 1, 1745, of Anglo-Irish 
 descent, graduated as a Surveyor, and first prac- 
 ticed his profession in Nova Scotia. During the 
 years immediately antecedent to the Revolution 
 he was prominent in the colonial councils of his 
 native State, to which he had returned in 1767, 
 where he became a member of the "Committee of 
 Safety." On June 3, 1770, he was commissioned 
 Colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Pennsylvania 
 troops in the Continental army, and, during the 
 War of the Revolution, was conspicuous for his 
 courage and ability as a leader. One of his most 
 daring and successful acliievements was the cap- 
 ture of Stony Point, in 1779, wlien — the works 
 liaving been carried and Wayne having received, 
 wliat wjis supposed to be. his death-wound— he 
 entered tlie fort, sujiported by his aids. For tliis 
 service he was awarded a gold medal by Con- 
 ^e.s8. He also took a conspicuous part in the 
 investiture and capture of Yorktown. In October, 
 17W5, lie was bre vetted Major-General. In 1784 
 he was elected tf) tlie Pennsylvania Legislature. 
 A ft'w years hiter he setthid in (Jcorgia, which 
 State he repn-wiited in Congress for seven 
 rnf)nths, when his sejit wjis (hH^iared v.-icant after 
 ront<!st. In Ajtril, 1792, he was conlirmtid as 
 (Jeneralin Chir;r of the rnltcd Slat<'s Army, on 
 noiriinalion of I'residciit Wa.shingt<)n, II is con- 
 nection witli IllinoiH histriry bc^ati sliortly aftf-r 
 
 St. Clair's defeat, when he led a force into Ohio 
 (1783) and erected a stockade at Greenville, 
 which he named Fort Recovery ; his object being 
 to subdue the hostile savage tribes. In this he 
 was eminently successful and, on August 3, 
 1793, after a victorious campaign, negotiated the 
 Treatj' of Greenville, as broad in its provisions as 
 it was far-reaching in its influence. He was a 
 daring fighter, and although Washington called 
 him "prudent," his dauntlessness earned for him 
 the sobriquet of "Mad Anthony." In matters of 
 dress he was punctilious, and, on this account, 
 he was sometimes dubbed "Dandy Wayne.'' He 
 was one of the few white ofiicers whom all the 
 W^estern Indian tribes at once feared and re- 
 spected. They named him "Black Snake" and 
 "Tornado." He died at Presque Isle near Erie, 
 Dec. 15, 1796. Thirteen years afterward his 
 remains were removed by one of his .sons, and 
 interred in Badnor churchyard, in his native 
 county. The Pennsylvania Historical Society 
 erected a marble monument over his grave, and 
 appi-opriately dedicated it on July 4 of the same 
 year. 
 
 WAYNE COUNTY,. in the southeast quarter of 
 the State ; has an area of 720 square miles ; was 
 organized in 1819, and named for Gen. Anthony 
 W^ayne. The county is watered and drained by 
 the Little Wabash and its branches, notably the 
 Skillet Fork. At the first election held in the 
 county, only fifteen votes were cast. Early life 
 was exceedingly primitive, tlie first settlers 
 pounding corn into meal with a wooden pestle, 
 a hollowed stump being used as a mortar. The 
 first mill erected (of the antique South Carolina 
 pattern) charged 25 cents per bushel for grinding. 
 Prairie and woodland make up the surface, and 
 the soil is fertile. Railroad facilities are furnished 
 by the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis and the 
 Baltimore & Oliio (Southwestern) Railroads. 
 Corn, oats, tobacco, wlieat, hay and wool are the 
 chief agricultural products. Saw mills are numer- 
 ous and there are also (;arriage and wagon facto- 
 ries. Fairfield is the county-seat. Population 
 (18H0), 21,291; (1890), 23,800; (1900), 27,026. 
 
 WEAS, THE, a branch of the Miami tribe of 
 Indians. They called themselves "We-wee- 
 hahs," and were spoken of by the French as "Oui- 
 at-a-nons" and "Oui-as." Other c^orruiitions of 
 the name were common among the British and 
 Americ^an colonists. In 1718 they had a village 
 at (Chicago, but abandoned it througli fear of 
 their hostile neighbors, the (Ihippowas and Potta- 
 watomies. The Weas were, at one time, brave 
 and warlike; but their numbers were rednoecl by 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 58i 
 
 constant warfare and disease, and, in the end, 
 debauchery enervated and demoralized them. 
 They were removed west of the Mississippi and 
 given a reservation in Miami County, Kan. Tliis 
 tliey ultimately sold, and, under the leadership 
 of Baptiste Peoria, united witli their few remain- 
 ing brethren of the Miamis and with the remnant 
 of the lU-i-ni under the title of the "confederated 
 tribes," and settled in Indian Territory. (See also 
 Bliamis; PiankesJtaics. ) 
 
 WEBB, Edwin B., early lawyer and politician, 
 was born about 1802, came to the vicinity of 
 Carmi, White County, 111., about 1828 to 1830, 
 and, still later, studied law at Transylvania Uni- 
 versity. He held the office of Prosecuting 
 Attorney of White County, and, in 1834, was 
 elected to the lower branch of the General 
 Assembly, serving, by successive re-elections, 
 until 1842, and, in the Senate, from 1842 to '46. 
 During his service in the House he was a col- 
 league and political and personal friend of 
 Abraham Lincoln. He opposed the internal 
 improvement scheme of 1837, predicting many 
 of the disasters which were actually realized a 
 few years later. He was a candidate for Presi- 
 dential Elector on the Whig ticket, in 1844 and 
 "48, and, in 1852, received the nomination for 
 Governor as the opponent of Joel A. Matteson, 
 two years later, being an unsuccessful candidate 
 for Justice of the Supreme Court in opposition to 
 Judge W. B. Scates. While practicing law at 
 Carmi, he was also a partner of his brother in 
 the mercantile bu.siness. Died, Oct. 14, 1858, in 
 the 56th year of his age. 
 
 WEBB, Henry Living'ston, soldier and pioneer 
 (an elder brother of James Watson Webb, a noted 
 New York journalist), was born at Claverack, 
 N. Y., Feb. 6, 1795; served as a soldier in the 
 War of 1812, came to Southern Illinois in 1817, 
 and became one of the founders of the town of 
 America near the mouth of the Ohio ; was Repre- 
 sentative in the Fourth and Eleventh General 
 Assemblies, a Major in the Black Hawk War and 
 Captain of volunteers and, afterwards, Colonel of 
 regulars, in the Mexican War. In 1860 he went 
 to Texas and served, for a time, in a semi-mili- 
 tary capacity under the Confederate Govern- 
 ment; returned to Illinois in 1869, and died, at 
 Makanda. Oct. 5, 1876. 
 
 WEBSTER, Fletcher, lawyer and soldier, was 
 born at Portsmouth, N. H., July 23, 1813; gradu- 
 ated at Harvard in 1883, and studied law with 
 his father (Daniel Webster) ; in 1837, located at 
 Peru, 111., where he practiced three years. His 
 father having been appointed Secretary of State 
 
 in 1841, the son became his private secretary, 
 was also Secretary of Legation to Caleb Gushing 
 (Minister to China) in 1843, a member of the 
 Massachusetts Legislature in 1847, and Surveyor 
 of the Port of Boston, 1850-61 ; the latter year 
 became Colonel of the Twelfth Massachu.setts 
 Volunteers, and was killed in the second battle 
 of Bull Run, August 30, 1862. 
 
 WE15STER, Joseph Dana, civil engineer and 
 soldier, was born at Old Hampton, N. H., 
 August 25, 1811. He graduated from Dart- 
 mouth College in 1832, and afterwards read 
 law at Newburyport, Mass. His natural incli- 
 nation was for engineering, and, after serv- 
 ing for a time in the Engineer and War offices, 
 at Washington, was made a United States civil 
 engineer (1835) and, on July 7, 1838, entered the 
 army as Second Lieutenant of Topographical 
 Engineers. He served through the Mexican 
 War, was made First Lieutenant in 1849, and 
 promoted .to a captaincy, in March, 1853. Thir- 
 teen months later he resigned, removing to Chi- 
 cago, where he made his permanent home, and 
 soon after was identified, for a time, with the 
 proprietorship of "'The Chicago Tribune." He 
 was President of the commission that perfected 
 the Chicago sewerage system, and designed and 
 executed the raising of the grade of a large por- 
 tion of the city from two to eight feet, wliole 
 blocks of buildings being rai:3ed by jack screws, 
 while new foundations were inserted. At the 
 outbreak of the Civil War he tendered Iiis serv- 
 ices to the Government and superintended the 
 erection of the fortifications at Cairo, 111., and 
 Paducah, Ky. On April 7, 1861, he was com- 
 missioned Paymaster of Volunteers, with the 
 rank of Major, and, in February, 1862, Colonel of 
 the First Illinois Artillery. For several months 
 he vvas chief of General Grant's staff, imrticipat- 
 ing in the capture of Forts Donelson and Henry, 
 and in the battle of Sliiloh, in tlie latter as Chief 
 of Artillery. In October, 1862, the War Depart- 
 ment detailed him to make a survey of the Illi- 
 nois & Michigan Canal, and, the following month, 
 he was commissioned Brigadier-General of 
 Volunteers, serving as Military Governor of Mem- 
 phis and Superintendent of military railroads. 
 He was again chief of staff to General Grant 
 during the Vicksburg campaign, and. from 1864 
 until the close of the war, occupied the same 
 relation to General Sherman. He was brevetted 
 Major-General of Volunteers, March 13, 1865, but, 
 resigning Nov. 6, following, returned to Chicago, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. From 
 1869 to 1872 he was Assessor of Internal Revenue 
 
5S-2 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 there, and, later, Assistant United States Treas- 
 urer, and, in July, 1872, was appointed Collector 
 of Internal Revenue. Died, at Chicago, March 
 1-^, 1876. 
 
 WELCH, William R., lawyer and jurist, was 
 born in Jessamine County, Ky., Jan. 23, 1828, 
 educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, 
 graduating from the academic department in 
 1847. and. from the law school, in 1851. In 1864 he 
 removed to Carhnville, Macoupin County, 111., 
 which place he made his permanent home. In 
 1877 he was elected to the bench of the Fifth 
 Circuit, and re-elected in 1879 and "85. In 1884 
 he was assigned to the bench of the Appellate 
 Court for the Second District. Died, Sept. 1, 
 188S. 
 
 WELDON, Lawrence, one of the Judges of the 
 United States Court of Claims, Washington, 
 D. C, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 
 1829; while a child, removed with his parents to 
 Madison County, and was educated in the com- 
 mon schools, the local academy and at Wittenberg 
 College, Springfield, in the same State ; read law 
 with Hon. R. A. Harrison, a prominent member 
 of the Ohio bar, and was admitted to practice in 
 1854, meanwhile, in 1852-53, having served as a 
 clerk in the office of the Secretary of State at 
 Columbus. In 1854 he removed to Illinois, locat- 
 ing at Clinton, DeWitt County, where he engaged 
 in practice ; in 1860 was elected a Repre.sentative 
 in the Twenty-second General Assembly, was 
 also chosen a Presidential Elector the same year, 
 and assisted in the first election of Abriiham 
 Lincoln to tlie Presidencj-. Early in 1861 he 
 resigned his seat in the Legislature to accept the 
 po.sitiou of United States District Attorney for 
 the Southern District of Illinois, tendered liim by 
 President Lincoln, but resigned the latter office 
 in 1866 and, the following j-ear, removed to 
 B!fX)mington, where lie continued the practice of 
 Ills j)r()ff.ssion until 1HS3, wlien he was ajjpoiiited, 
 by President Arthur, an A.s.sociate .Justic;o of tlio 
 United Ktat(!S Court of Claims at Wasliiiigton — 
 a jiosition wliidi lie .still (1H09) continues to illl. 
 Judge Weldon is among the remaining few who 
 rode tlie circuit and practiced law with Mr. Lin- 
 coln. From the time of coming to the State in 
 ISM to 1860, lie was one of Mr. Lincoln's most 
 intimate traveling comfianions in the old 
 Ei;<litli Circuit, wliif^li extendcid from Sangamon 
 (Jouiity on tlie wi!st to V<'riiiilion on thc! cast, and 
 of which Judge David Davis, afttirwards of tli(! 
 Sujroiiu! C(;urt of tlni United Statrs and United 
 Kt:il<'H S«'nator, was tlic jjresiding Justice, Tho 
 Judge IioMh in liis mt-niory many pUtasant nuiii- 
 
 niscences of that day, especially of the eastern 
 portion of the District, where he was accustomed 
 to meet the late Senator Voorhees, Senator Mc- 
 Donald and other leading lawyers of Indiana, as 
 well as the historic men whom he met at the 
 State capital. 
 
 WELLS, Albert W., lavryer and legislator, was 
 born at Woodstock, Conn., May 9, 1839, and 
 enjoyed only such educational and other advan- 
 tages as belonged to the average New England 
 boy of that period. During his boyhood his 
 family removed to New Jei'sey, where he attended 
 an academy, later, graduating from Columbia 
 College and Law School in New York City, and 
 began practice with State Senator Robert Allen 
 at Red Bank, N. J. During the Civil War he 
 enlisted in a New Jersey regiment and took part 
 in the battle of Gettysburg, resuming his profes- 
 sion at the close of the war. Coming west in 
 1870, he settled in Quincy, 111., where he con- 
 tinued practice. In 1886 he was elected to the 
 House of Representatives from Adams County, 
 as a Democrat, and re-elected two years later. 
 In 1890 he was advanced to the Senate, wliere, 
 by re-election in 1894, he served continuously 
 until his death in office, March 5, 1897. His 
 abilities and long service — covering the sessions 
 of the Thirty-fifth to tlie Fortieth General Assem- 
 blies — placed him at the head of the Democratic 
 side of the Senate during the latter part of his 
 legislative career. 
 
 WELLS, William, soldier and victim of the 
 Fort Dearborn massacre, was born in Kentucky, 
 about 1770. Wlien a boy of 12, lie was captured 
 by the Miami Indians, whose chief. Little Turtle, 
 adopted him, giving him his daughter in mar- 
 riage wlien he grew to manhood. He was highly 
 esteemed by the tribe as a warrior, and, in 1790, 
 was jiresent at the battle where Gen. Arthur St. 
 Clair was defeated. He then realized that he 
 was fighting against his own race, and informed 
 his father-in-law that he intended to ally himself 
 with the whites. Leaving the Mianiis, he made 
 his way to General Wayne, who made liim Cap- 
 tain of a comi)any of scouts. After the treaty of 
 Greenville (1795) he settled on a farm near Fort 
 Wayne, where he was joined by his Indian wife. 
 Here he acted as Indian Agent and Justice of the 
 Peace. In 1812 ho loarniHl of the contemplated 
 (evacuation of Fort l)earl)()rn, and, at the head of 
 thirty Mianiis, he set out for the jjost, his inten- 
 tion being to furnish d body-guard to the non- 
 (•()inl)atants on their jiropo.sed march to Fort 
 Wayne. On August 13, lie marched out of tlio 
 fort willi (irt(U3n of his dusliy wnrriois bi^hiiid 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 585 
 
 him, the remainder bringing up the rear. Before 
 a mile and a half had been traveled, the party fell 
 into an Indian ambuscade, and an indiscrimi- 
 nate massacre followed. (See Fort Dearborn.) 
 The Miamis fled, and Captain Wells' body was 
 riddled with bullets, his head cut off and his 
 heart taken out. He was an uncle of Mrs. Heald, 
 wife of the commander of Fort Dearborn. 
 
 WELLS, William Harvey, educator, was born 
 in Tolland, Conn., Feb. 27, 1812; lived on a farm 
 until 17 years old, attending school irregularly, 
 but made such progress that he became succes- 
 sively a teacher in the Teachers' Seminary at 
 Andover and Newburyport, and, finally, Principal 
 of the State Normal School at Westfield, Mass. 
 In 1856 he accepted the position of Superintend- 
 ent of Public Schools for the city of Chicago, 
 serving till 1864, when he resigned. He was an 
 organizer of the Massachusetts State Teachers' 
 A-ssociation, one of the first editors of "The 
 Massachusetts Teacher" and prominently con- 
 nected with various benevolent, educational and 
 learned societies ; was also author of several text- 
 books, and assisted in the revision of "Webster's 
 Unabridged Dictionary." Died, Jan. 21, 1885. 
 
 WENONA, city on the eastern border of Mar- 
 shall County, 20 miles south of La Salle, has 
 zinc works, public and pai'ochial schools, a 
 weekly paper, two banks, and five churches. A 
 good quality of soft coal is mined here. Popu- 
 lation (1880), 911; (1890), 1,053; (1900), 1,486. 
 
 WENTWORTH, John, early journalist and 
 Congressman, was born at Sandwich, N. H., 
 March 5, 1815, graduated from Dartmouth Col- 
 lege in 1836, and came to Chicago the same year, 
 where he became editor of "The .Chicago Demo- 
 crat," which had been established by John Cal- 
 houn three years previous. He soon after became 
 proprietor of "The Democrat," of which he con- 
 tinued to be the publisher until it was merged 
 into "The Chicago Tribune," July 24, 1864. He 
 also studied law, and was admitted to the Illinois 
 bar in 1841. He served in Congress as a Demo- 
 crat from 1843 to 1851, and again from 1853 to 
 1855, but left the Democratic party on the repeal 
 of the Missouri Compromise. He was elected 
 Mayor of Chicago in 1857, and again in 1860, 
 during his incumbency introducing a number of 
 important municipal reforms ; was a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and twice 
 served on the Board of Education. He again 
 represented Illinois in Congress as a Republican 
 from 1865 to 1867 — making fourteen years of 
 service in that body. In 1872 he joined in the 
 Greeley movement, but later renewed his alle- 
 
 giance to the Republican party. In 1878 Mr. Went- 
 worth published an elaborate genealogical work 
 in three volumes, entitled "History of the Went- 
 worth Family." A volume of "Congressional 
 Reminiscences" and two by him on "Early Chi- 
 cago," published in connection with the Fergus 
 Historical Series, contain some valuable informa- 
 tion on early local and national history. On 
 account of his extraordinary height he received 
 the sobriquet of "Long John," by which he was 
 familiarly known throughout the State. Died, 
 in Chicago, Oct. 16, 1888. 
 
 WEST, Edward M., merchant and banker, was 
 born in Virginia, May 2, 1814; came with his 
 father to Illinois in 1818; in 1829 became a clerk 
 in the Recorder's office at Edwardsville, also 
 served as deputy postmaster, and, in 1833, took a 
 position in the United States Land Office there. 
 Two years later he engaged in mercantile busi- 
 ness, which he prosecuted over thirty years — 
 meanwhile filling the office of County Treasurer, 
 ex-officio Superintendent of Schools, and Delegate 
 to the Constitutional Convention of 1847. In 1867, 
 in conjunction with W. R. Prickett, he established 
 a bank at Edwardsville, with which he was con- 
 nected until his death, Oct. 81, 1887. Mr. West 
 officiated frequently as a "local preacher" of the 
 Methodist Church, in which capacity he showed 
 much ability as a public speaker. 
 
 WEST, Mary Allen, educator and philanthro- 
 pist, was born at Galesburg, 111., July 31, 1837; 
 graduated at Knox Seminary in 1854 and taught 
 until 1873, when she was elected County Super- 
 intendent of Schools, serving nine years. She 
 took an active and influential interest in educa- 
 tional and reformatory movements, was for two 
 years editor of "Our Home Montlily," in Phila- 
 delphia, and also a contributor to other journals, 
 besides being editor-in-chief of "The Union Sig- 
 nal," Chicago, the organ of the Woman's Chris- 
 tian Temperance Union — in which she held the 
 position of President ; was also President, in the 
 latter days of her life, of the Illinois Woman's 
 Press Association of Chicago, that city having 
 become her home in 1885. In 1892, Miss West 
 started on a tour of the world for the benefit of 
 her health, but died at Tokio, Japan, Dec. 1, 1892. 
 WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 
 an institution for the treatment of the insane, 
 located at Watertown, Rock Island County, in 
 accordance with an act of the General Assembly, 
 approved. May 22, 1895. The Thirty-ninth Gen- 
 eral Assembly made an appropriation of $100,000 
 for the erection of fire-proof buildings, while 
 Rock Island County donated a tract of 400 acres 
 
581 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 of land valued at $40,000. The site selected by the 
 Commissioners, is a commanding one overlooking 
 the Mississippi River, eight miles above Rock 
 Island, and five and a half miles from Moline, and 
 the buildings are of the most modern stj'le of con- 
 struction. Watertown is reached by two lines of 
 railroad — the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul and 
 the Chicago, Burlington & Quincj' — besides the 
 Mississippi River. The erection of buildings was 
 begun in 1896, and they were opened for the 
 reception of patients in 1898. They have a ca- 
 pacity for 800 patients. 
 
 WESTERN JttlLITART ACADEMY, an insti 
 tution located at Upper Alton, Madison County, 
 incorporated in 1892; has a faculty of eight mem- 
 bers and reports eighty pupils for 1897-98, with 
 propertj' valued at 870,000. The institution gives 
 instruction in literary and scientific branches, 
 besides preparatorj- and business courses. 
 
 WESTERN N0R3IAL COLLEGE, located at 
 Bushnell, McDonougli County; incorporated in 
 1888. It is co-educational, has a corps of twelve 
 instructors and reported 500 pupils for 1897-98, 
 300 males and 200 females. 
 
 AVESTERN SPRINGS, a village of Cook 
 Count}', and residence suburb of the city of Chi- 
 cago, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- 
 road, lo miles west of the initial station. 
 Population (1890), 451; (1!)00), G62. 
 
 WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, 
 located in Chicago and controlled by the Protes- 
 tant Episcopal Chundi. It was founded in 1883 
 througli the munificence of Dr. Tolman Wheeler, 
 and was opened for students two years later. It 
 has two buildings, of a superior order of archi- 
 tecture — one including the school and lecture 
 rooms and the other a dormitory. A hospital 
 and gymna.sium are attached to the latter, and a 
 scliool for boys is conducted on tlie first floor of 
 the main building, which is known arf Wheeler 
 Ilall. Tlie institution is under the general super- 
 vision of Rt. Rev. William E. M(!Laren, Protes- 
 tant Episcopal Hisliop of tlie l)io(!(!se of Illinois. 
 
 WEST FIELD, village of Clark County, on Cin., 
 Ham. .V: Dayton It. R., 10 m. s -e. of Cliarleston ; 
 seat <t( Westfield College; has a l)ank, i\\e 
 cliurcliHs and two newsjjapers. Pop. (1900), 820. 
 
 WEST SAIiEM, a town of Edward.s County, on 
 the Peoriu-Evansville Div. Ill Cent R. R., 12 
 mileH northeast of Albion; Iuih a bank and a 
 w('«!kly paper. Pop, (1890). 47(1; (1900), 700. 
 
 WETIIERELL, Einiiia AhlMift, vocalist, was 
 Uirn in Cliicago, Iw/.-. 9, 1H(9; in Ium- childhooii 
 attnirt«<l attention whil(5 singing with h(!r father 
 (a poor mUHician) in liotcls and on tlic; KlrcetH in 
 
 Cliicago, Peoria and elsewhere; at 18 years of 
 age, went to New York to .study, earning her way 
 by giving concerts en route, and receiving aid 
 and encouragement from Clara Loui.sa Kellogg; 
 in New York was patronized by Henry Ward 
 Beecher and others, and aided in securing the 
 training of European masters. Compelled to sur- 
 mount many obstacles from poverty and other 
 causes, her after success in her profession was 
 plienomenal. Died, during a professional tour, 
 at Salt Lake City, Jan. 5, 1891. Miss Abbott 
 married her manager, Eugene Wetherell, who 
 died before her. 
 
 WH EATON, a city and the county-seat of Du 
 Page County, situated on the Chicago & North- 
 western Railway, 25 miles west of Chicago. Agri- 
 culture and stock-raising are the chief industries 
 in the surrounding region. The city owns a new 
 water- vvcrks plant (costing §60,000) and has a 
 public library valued at $75,000, the gift of a 
 resident, Mr. John Quincy Adams ; has a court 
 house, electi-ic light plant, sewerage and drainage 
 system, seven churches, three graded schools, 
 four weekly newspapers and a State bank. 
 Wheaton is the seat of Wheaton College (which 
 see). Population (1880), 1,160; (1890), 1,622; 
 (1900), 2,345. 
 
 WHEATON COLLEGE, an educational insti- 
 tution located at Wheaton, Du Page County, and 
 under Congregational control. It was founded 
 in 1853, as the Illinois Institute, and was char- 
 tered under its present name in 1860. Its early 
 existence was one of struggle, but of late years it 
 has been established on a better foundation, in 
 1898 having §54,000 invested in productive funds, 
 and property aggregating §136,000. The faculty 
 comprises fifteen professors, and, in 1898, there 
 were 321 students in attendance. It is co-edu- 
 cational and instruction is given in business and 
 l)re])aratory studies, as well as the fine arts, 
 music and cdassical literature. 
 
 WHEELER, David Hilton, D.D., LL.D., clergy- 
 man, was born at Ithaca, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1829; 
 graduated at Rocdc River Seminary, Mount 
 Morris, in 1851; edited "The Carroll County 
 Republican" and held a professorship in Cornell 
 College, Iowa, (1857-61); was United States Con- 
 sul at Geneva, Switzerland, (1861-66) ; Professor of 
 I'^nglish Literature in Northwestern University 
 (lS(i7-75); edited "The Methodist" in New York, 
 seven years, and was Pn^sidont of Allegheny 
 College (1883-87); received the degree of D.D. 
 from (Jornell College in 1K67, and tiiat of LL.D. 
 from tl)(i Northwestern University in IHSl. He 
 is the author of "Hrigandago in South Italy" 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 585 
 
 (two volumes, 1864) and "By-Ways of Literature"' 
 (1883), besides some translations. 
 
 WHEELER, Hamilton K., ex-Congressman, 
 was born at Ballston, N. Y., August 5, 1848, but 
 emigrated with his parents to Illinois in 1852; 
 remained on a farm until 19 years of age, his 
 educational advantages being limited to three 
 months' attendance upon a district school each 
 year. In 1871, he was admitted to the bar at 
 Kankakee, where he has since continued to prac- 
 tice. In 1884 he was elected to represent the Six- 
 teenth District in the State Senate, where he 
 served on many important committees, being 
 Chairman of that on the Judicial Department. 
 In 1892 he was elected Representative in Con- 
 gress from the Ninth Illinois District, on the 
 Republican ticket. 
 
 WHEELINtr, a town on the northern border of 
 Cook County, on the Wisconsin Central Railway. 
 Population (1890), 811; (1900), 331. 
 
 WHISTLER, (Maj.) John, soldier and builder 
 of the first Fort Dearborn, was born in Ulster, Ire- 
 land, about 1756 ; served under Burgoyne in the 
 Revolution, and was with the force surrendered 
 by that officer at Saratoga, in 1777. After the 
 peace he returned to the United States, settled at 
 Hagerstown, Md., and entered the United States 
 Army, serving at first in the ranks and being 
 severely wounded in the disastrous Indian cam- 
 paigns of 1791. Later, he was promoted to a 
 captaincy and, in the summer of 1803, sent with 
 his company, to the head of Lake Michigan, 
 where he constructed the first Fort Dearborn 
 within the limits of the present city of Chicago, 
 remaining in command until 1811, when he was 
 succeeded by Captain Heald. He received the 
 brevet rank of Major, in 1815 was appointed 
 military store-keeper at Newport, Ky. , and after- 
 wards at Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis, 
 where he died, Sept. 3, 1829. Lieut. William 
 Whistler, his son, who was with his father, for a 
 time, in old Fort Dearborn — but transferred, in 
 1809, to Fort Wayne — was of the force included 
 in Hull's surrender at Detroit in 1812. After 
 his exchange he was promoted to a captaincy, to 
 the rank of Major in 1826 and to a Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nelcy in 1845, dying at Newjjort, Ky., in 1863. 
 James Abbott McNiel Whistler, the celebrated, 
 but eccentric artist of that name, is a grandson 
 of the first Major Whistler. 
 
 WHITE, Georg'e E., ex-Congressman, was born 
 in Massachusetts in 1848 ; after graduating, at the 
 age of 16, he enlisted as a private in the Fifty- 
 seventh Massachusetts Veteran Volunteers, serv- 
 ing under General Grant in the campaign 
 
 against Richmond from the battle of the Wilder- 
 ness until the surrender of Lee. Having taken a 
 course in a commercial college at Worcester, 
 Mass., in 1867 lie came to Chicago, securing em- 
 ployment in a lumber yard, but a year later 
 began business on his own account, which he has 
 successfully conducted. In 1878 he was elected 
 to the State Senate, as a Republican, from one of 
 the Chicago Districts, and re-elected four years 
 later, serving in that body eight years. He 
 declined a nomination for Congress in 1884, but 
 accepted in 1894, and was elected for the Fifth 
 District, as he was again in 1896, but was 
 defeated, in 1898, by Edward T. Noonan, Demo- 
 crat. 
 
 WHITE, Horace, journalist, was born at Cole- 
 brook, N. H., August 10, 1834; in 1853 graduated 
 at Beloit College, Wis., whither his father had 
 removed in 1837 ; engaged in journalism as city 
 editor of "The Chicago Evening Journal," later 
 becoming agent of the Associated Press, and, in 
 1857, an editorial writer on "The Chicago Trib- 
 une," during a part of the war acting as its 
 Washington correspondent. He also served, in 
 1856, as Assistant Secretary of the Kansas 
 National Committee, and, later, as Secretary of 
 the Republican State Central Committee. In 
 1864 he purchased an interest in "The Tribune," 
 a year or so later becoming editor-in-chief, but 
 retired in October, 1874. After a protracted 
 European tour, he united with Carl Schurz and 
 E. L. Godkin of "The Nation," in the purchase 
 and reorganization of "The New York Evening. 
 Post," of which lie is now editor-in-chief. 
 
 WHITE, Julius, soldier, was born in Cazen- 
 ovia, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1816; removed to Illinois 
 in 1836, residing there and in Wisconsin, where 
 he was a member of the Legislature of 1849; in 
 1861 was made Collector of Customs at Chicago, 
 but resigned to assume the colonelcy of the 
 Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteers, which he 
 commanded on the Fremont expedition to South- 
 west Missouri. He afterwards served with Gen- 
 eral Curtiss in Arkansas, participated in the 
 battle of Pea Ridge and was promoted to the 
 rank of Brigadier-General. He was subsequently 
 assigned to the Department of the Shenandoah, 
 but finding his position at Martinsburg, W. Va. , 
 untenable, retired to Harper's Ferry, voluntarily 
 serving under Colonel Miles, his inferior in com- 
 mand. When this post was surrendered (Sept. 
 15, 1862), he was made a prisoner, but released 
 under parole ; was tried by a court of inquiry at 
 his own request, and acquitted, the court finding 
 that he had acted with courage and cai^ability. 
 
586 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 He resigned in 1864, and, in March, 1865, was 
 brevetted Major-General of Volunteers. Died, 
 at Evanston, May 12, 1890. 
 
 WHITE COrXTY, situated in the southeastern 
 quarter of the State, and bounded on the east by 
 tlie Wabash River; was organized in 1816, being 
 the tenth county organized during the Territorial 
 period: area. 500 square miles. The county is 
 crossed by three railroads and drained by the 
 Wabash and Little Wabash Rivers. The surfacfe 
 consists of prairie and woodland, and the soil is, 
 for the most part, highly productive. The princi- 
 pal agricultural products are corn, wheat, oats, 
 potatoes, tobacco, fruit, butter, sorghum and 
 ■wool. Tlie principal industrial establishments 
 are carriage factories, saw mills and flour mills. 
 Carmi is the count3'-seat. Other towns are En- 
 field, Grayville and Norris City. Population 
 (1880). 23.08:; (1890). 25,005; (1900), 25,380. 
 
 WHITEHALL, a citj' in Greene County, at the 
 intersection of the Chicago & Alton and the 
 Cljicago. Burlington & Quincy Railroads, 65 miles 
 north of 8t. Louis and 24 miles south-southwest 
 of Jack.sonville; in rich farming region; has 
 stoneware and sewer-pipe factories, foundry and 
 machine shop, flour mill, elevators, wagon shops, 
 creamery, water sy.stem, sanitarium, heating, 
 electric light and power system, nurseries and 
 fruit-supply houses, and two poultry packing 
 houses; also has five churches, a graded school, 
 two banks and three newspapers— one daily. Pop- 
 ulation (1890), 1,961; (1900), 2,030. 
 
 WHITEHOrSE, Honry John, Protestant Epis- 
 copal HisJKi]). was born in New York City, August 
 19, 1803; graduated from Columbia College in 
 1821, and from the (New York) General Theolog- 
 ical Seminary in 1824. After ordination he was 
 rector of various parishes in Pennsylvania and 
 New York until 1851. when he was chosen Assist- 
 ant Bishop of Illinois, siicceeding Bishop Chase 
 in 18.52. In 18C7, by invitation of the Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, he delivered the opening sermon 
 before the Pan-Anglican Conference held in 
 England. During this visit he received the 
 degree of D.D. from Oxford University, and that 
 of LL.D. from Cambriilge. His rigid views as a 
 fhurchman and a discijilinarian, were illustrated 
 in bin prosecution of Rev. Charles Edward 
 Cheney, which resulted in th(! formation of the 
 Reforme<l Epi.Hcoi»al Cliurch. He was a l)rilliant 
 orator and a trenchant and nnyicfiding coiitrov(!r- 
 HialJMt Difd, in Chicago, Augu.sl 10, IH74. 
 
 WniTESIHF rOr>TV, in the nortliwestcrn 
 imrtiun of till" Stale bordf-ring on the MisHiHsip|ii 
 IUv«r; <'r(!iit4*<l by a<;t of the I.«giHlaturo passcij in 
 
 1836, and named for Capt. Samuel Whiteside, a 
 noted Indian fighter ; area, 700 square miles. The 
 surface is level, diversified by prairies and wood- 
 land, and the soil is extremely fertile. The 
 county-seat was first fixed at Lyndon, then at 
 Sterling, and finally at Morrison, its present 
 location. The Rock River crosses the county 
 ami furnishes abundant water power for numer- 
 ous factories, turning out agricultural imple- 
 ments, carriages and wagons, furniture, woolen 
 goods, flour and wrapping paper. There are also 
 distilling and brewing interests, besides saw and 
 planing mills. Corn is the staple agricultural 
 product, although all the leading cereals are 
 extensively grown. The principal towns are 
 Morrison, Sterling, Fulton and Rock Falls. Popu- 
 lation (1880), 30,885; (]8!)0), 30,854; (1900), 34.710. 
 
 WHITESIDE, William, pioneer and soldier of 
 the Revolution, emigrated from the frontier of 
 North Carolina to Kentucky, and thence, in 1793, 
 to the present limits of Monroe County, 111., 
 erecting a fort between Cahokia and Kaskaskia, 
 which became widely known as "Whiteside 
 Station." He served as a Justice of the Peace, 
 and was active in organizing the militia during 
 the War of 1812-14, dying at the old Station in 
 1815.— John (Whiteside), a brother of the preced- 
 ing, and also a Revolutionary soldier, came to 
 Illinois at the same time, as also did William B. 
 and Samuel, sons of the two brothers, respec- 
 tively. All of them became famous as Indian 
 fighters. The two latter served as Captains of 
 companies of "Rangers" in the War of 1812, 
 Sanuiel taking part in the battle of Rock Island 
 in 1814, and contributing greatly to the success 
 of the day. During the Black Hawk War (1832) 
 he attained the rank of Brigadier-General. 
 Whiteside County was named in his honor. He 
 made one of the earliest improvements in Ridge 
 Prairie, a rich section of Madison County, and 
 represented that county in the Finst General 
 A.ssembly. William B. served as Sherifl of Madi- 
 son County for a number of years. — Jolm I). 
 (Whiteside), another member of this historic 
 family, became very prominent, serving in the 
 lower House of the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and 
 Fourteenth General A.ssemblies, and in the Sen- 
 ate of the Tenth, from Monroe County; was a 
 I'r(>sidential Elector in 1836, State Treasurer 
 (lH37-41)and a member of tiio State Constitu- 
 tional Convention of 1847. General Whiteside, as 
 ho was known, was the second of .lames Shields 
 ill the famou.s Shields and Lincoln duel (so-called) 
 in IH42, and, as sucli, (iarried the challenge of the 
 foriiKfr to Mr. Lincoln. (See Duels. ) 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 587 
 
 WHITIJfG, Lorenzo D., legislator, was born 
 in Wayne County, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1819; came to 
 Illinois in 1838, but did not settle there perma- 
 nently until 1849, when he located in Bureau 
 County. He was a Representative from that 
 county in the Twenty-sixth General Assembly 
 (18G9), and a member of the Senate continuously 
 from 1871 to 1887, serving in the latter through 
 eight General Assemblies. Died at his home 
 near Tiskilw^a, Bureau County, 111., Oct. 10, 
 1889. 
 
 WHITING, Richard H., Congressman, was 
 born at West Hartford, Conn., June 17, 182G, and* 
 received a common school education. In 1862 he 
 was commissioned Paymaster in the Volunteer 
 Army of the Union, and resigned in 1866. Hav- 
 ing removed to Illinois, he was appointed Assist- 
 ant Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fifth 
 Illinois District, in February, 1870, and so contin- 
 ued until the abolition of the office in 1873. On 
 retiring from the Assessorship he was appointed 
 Collector of Internal Revenue, and served until 
 March 4, 1875, when he resigned to take his seat 
 as Republican Representative in Congress from 
 the Peoria District, to which he had been elected 
 in November, 1874. After the expiration of his 
 term he held no public office, but was a member 
 of the Republican National Convention of 1884. 
 Died, at the Continental Hotel, in New York 
 City, May 24, 1888. 
 
 WHITNEY, James W., pioneer lawyer and 
 early teacher, known by the nickname of "Lord 
 Coke"; came to Illinois in Territorial days (be- 
 lieved to have been about 1800) ; resided for some 
 time at or near Edwardsville, then became a 
 teacher at Atlas, Pike County, and, still later, the 
 first Circuit and County Clerk of that county. 
 Though nominally a lawyer, he had little if any 
 practice. He acquired the title, by which he was 
 popularly known for a quarter of a century, by 
 his custom of visiting the State Capital, during 
 the sessions of the General Assemblj', when 
 he would organize the lobbyists and visit- 
 ors about the capital — of which there were an 
 unusual number in those days — into what was 
 called the "Third House." Having been regu- 
 larly chosen to preside under the name of 
 "Speaker of the Lobby," he would deliver a mes- 
 sage full of practical hits and jokes, aimed at 
 members of the two houses and others, which 
 would be received with cheers and laughtei". 
 The meetings of the "Third House," being held 
 in the evening, were attended by many members 
 and visitors in lieu of other forms of entertain- 
 ment. Mr. Whitney's home, in his latter years, 
 
 was at Pittsfield. He resided for a time at 
 Quincy. Died, Dec. 13, 1860, aged over 80 years. 
 
 WHITTEMORE, Floyd K., State Treasurer, is 
 a native of New York, came at an early age, with 
 his parents, to Sycamore, 111. , where he was edu- 
 cated in the high school there. He purposed 
 becoming a lawyer, but, on the election of the 
 late James H. Beveridge State Treasurer, in 1864, 
 accepted the position of clerk in the office. 
 Later, he was employed as a clerk in the banking 
 house of Jacob Bunn in Springfield, and, on the 
 organization of the State National Bank, was 
 chosen cashier of that Institution, retaining the 
 position some twenty yeai's. After the appoint- 
 ment of Hon. John R. Tanner to the position of 
 Assistant Treasurer of the United States, at Chi- 
 cago, in 1892, Mr. Whittemore became cashier in 
 that office, and, in 1865, Assistant State Treas- 
 rure under tlie administration of State Treasurer 
 Henry Wulff. In 1898 he was elected State 
 Treasurer, receiving a plurality of 43,450 over 
 his Democratic opponent. 
 
 WICKERSHAM, (Col.) Dudley, soldier and 
 merchant, was born in Woodford County, Ky., 
 Nov. 22, 1819; came to Springfield, 111., in 1843, 
 and served as a member of the Fourth Regiment 
 Illinois Volunteers (Col. E. D. Baker's) through 
 the Mexican War. On the return of peace he 
 engaged in the dry-goods trade in Springfield, 
 until 1861, when he enlisted in the Tentli Regi- 
 ment Illinois Cavalry, serving, first as Lieutenant- 
 Colonel and then as Colonel, until May, 1864, 
 when, his regiment having been consolidated 
 with the Fifteenth Cavalry, he resigned. After 
 the war, he held the office of Assessor of Internal 
 Revenue for several years, after which he en- 
 gaged in the grocery trade. Died, in Springfield, 
 August 8, 1898. 
 
 WIDEN, Raphael, pioneer and early legislator, 
 was a native of Sweden, who, having been taken 
 to France at eight years of age, was educated for 
 a Catholic priest. Coming to the United States 
 in 1815, he was at Cahokia, 111., in 1818, wliere, 
 during the same year, he married into a French 
 family of that place. He served in the House of 
 Representatives from Randolph County, in the 
 Second and Third General Assemblies (1820-24), 
 and as Senator in the Fourth and Fifth (1824-28). 
 During his last term in the House, he was one of 
 those who voted against the pro-slavery Con- 
 vention resolution. He died of cholera, at Kas- 
 kaskia, in 1833. 
 
 WIKE, Scott, lawyer and ex-Congressman, was 
 born at Meadville, Pa., April 6, 1834; at 4 years 
 of age removed with his parents to Quincy, III, 
 
5SS 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 and, in 1S44, to Pike County. Having graduated 
 froui Lombard Uuiversity, Galesburg, in 1857, he 
 beg-cin reading law with Judge O. C. Skinuer of 
 Quiucy. He was admitted to the bar in 1858, 
 but. before commencing practice, spent a year at 
 Harvard Law School, graduating there in 1859. 
 Immediately thereafter he opened an office at 
 Pittsfield, 111., and has resided there ever since. 
 In politics he lias always been a strong Democrat. 
 He served two terms in the Legislature (1863-67) 
 and, in 1874. was chosen Representative from his 
 District in Congi-ess, being re-elected in 1888 and, 
 again, in 1890. In 1893 he was appointed by 
 President Cleveland Third Assistant Secretary 
 of the Treasury, which position he continued 
 to fill until March. 1897, when he resumed the 
 practice of law at Pittsfield. Died Jan. 15, 1901. 
 WILEY, (Col.) Benjamin Ladd, soldier, was 
 born in Smithfield, Jefferson County, Ohio, 
 March 25, 1821, came to Illinois in 1845 and began 
 life at Vienna, Johnson County, as a teacher. 
 In 1846 he enlisted for the Mexican "War, as a 
 member of tlie Fifth (Colonel Newby's) Regiment 
 Illinois Volunteers, serving chiefly in New 
 Mexico until mustered out in 1848. A year later 
 he removed to Jonesboro, where lie s^jent some 
 time at the carpenter's trade, after which he 
 became clerk in a store, meanwhile assisting to 
 edit "The Jonesboro Gazette" until 1853; then 
 became traveling salesman for a St. Louis firm, 
 but later engaged in the hardware trade at 
 Jonesboro, in which he continued for several 
 years. In 185G he was the Republican candidate 
 for Congress for the Nintli District, receiving 
 4,000 votes, while Fremont, tlie Rei)ul)lican can- 
 didate for President, received only 825 in the 
 same district. In 1857 he opened a real estate 
 office in Jonesboro in conjunction with David L. 
 Pliillips and Col. J. \V. Ashley, with which lie 
 was connecteil until 1860, when lie removed to 
 Makanda, Jack.son County. In September, 18G1, 
 lif was mustered in as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
 Fifth Illinois Cavalry, later .serving in Mis.soiiri 
 and Arkansjis under Generals Steel(! and Curtiss, 
 being, a part of the time, in commandof tlie First 
 Urigiideof Cavalry, and, in the advance on Vioks- 
 burg, liaving command of the riglit wing of 
 (Jeneral Grant's cavalry. Being di.sabled by 
 rheiimatlHin at the end of th(! siege, lie tendered 
 hi« reHignalion, and wiw inimeiliately a])i)<)inted 
 Enrolling Officer at Cairo, serving in tliis capac- 
 ity niitil May, IHfl5, when he was mustered out. 
 In IWf) lie was apiK)int<'d liy Gfjvc^rnor I'ahncr 
 on«« of the CominisKionerH to hxiiUi the Sotit lic'rn 
 IllinoJN IIoHjiiUil for the InKiine, and H(!rv('ci ;ia 
 
 Secretary of the Board until the institution was 
 opened at Anna, in May, 1871. In 1869 he was 
 defeated as a candidate for County Judge of 
 Jackson County, and, in 1872, for the State Sen- 
 ate, by a small majority in a strongly Democratic 
 District; in 1876 was the Republican candidate 
 for Congress, in the Eighteenth District, against 
 William Hartzell, biit was defeated by only 
 twenty votes, while carx-ying six out of the ten 
 counties comprising the District. In the latter 
 years of his life, Colonel Wiley was engaged quite 
 extensively in fruit-growing at Makanda, Jack- 
 son Countj% where he died, March 22, 1890. 
 
 WILKIE, Franc Bangs, journalist, was born 
 in Saratoga County, N. Y., July 2, 1830; took a 
 partial course at Union College, after which he 
 edited papers at Schenectady, N. Y., Elgin, 111., 
 and Davenport and Dubuque, Iowa ; also serving, 
 during a part of the Civil War, as the western 
 war correspondent of "The New York Times." 
 In 1863 he became an editorial writer on "The 
 Chicago Times," remaining with that paper, 
 with the exception of a brief interval, until 1888 
 — a part of the time as its European correspond- 
 ent. He was the. author of a series of sketches 
 over the nom de plume of "Poliuto," and of a 
 volume of reminiscences under the title, 
 "Thirty-five Years of Journalism," published 
 shortly before his death, which took place, April 
 12, 1892. 
 
 WILKIN, Jacob W., Justice of the Supreme 
 Court, was born in Licking County, Ohio, June 
 7, 1837; removed with his parents to Illinois, at 
 12 years of age, and was educated at McKendree 
 College ; served three years in the War for the 
 Union; studied law with Judge Scholfield and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1866. In 1872, he was 
 chosen Presidential Elector on the Republican 
 ticket, and, in 1879, elected Judge of the Circuit 
 Court and reelected in 1885 — the latter year 
 being assigned to the Ajipellate bench for the 
 Fourth District, where he remained until his 
 election to the Supreme bench in 1888, being 
 re-elected to the latter office in 1897. His home 
 is at Danville. 
 
 WILKINSON, Ira ()., lawyer and Judge, was 
 l)()rn ill Virginia in 1822, and accompanied his 
 father to Jacksonville (1835), where he was edu- 
 cated. During a short service as Deputy Clerk of 
 I\h)rgaii (Jounty, he conceived a fondness for the 
 profession of the law, and, after a course of study 
 vmder Judge William Thomas, was admitted to 
 ])ractice in 1H47. Ricliard Yates (afterwards (iov- 
 crnor and Senator) was liis first jiartner. In 1845 
 he romovcMJ to Rock Island, and, six years later, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 589 
 
 was elected a Circuit Judge, being again closen 
 to the same position in 1861. At the expiration 
 of his second term he removed to Chicago. 
 Died, at Jacksonville, Augvist 24, 1894. 
 
 WILKINSON, John P., early merchant, was 
 born, Dec. 14, 1790, in New Kent County, Va., 
 emigrated first to Kentucky, and, in 1828, settled 
 in Jacksonville, 111., where he engaged in mer- 
 cantile business. Mr. Wilkinson was a liberal 
 friend of Illinois College and Jacksonville Female 
 Academy, of each of which he was a Trustee 
 from their origin until his death, which occurred, 
 during a business visit to St. Louis, in December, 
 1841. 
 
 WILL, Conrad, pioneer physician and early 
 legislator, was born in Philadelphia, June 4, 1778 ; 
 about 1804 removed to Somerset County Pa., and, 
 in 1813, to Kaskaskia, 111. He was a physician 
 by profession, but having leased the saline lands 
 on the Big Muddy, in the vicinity of what after- 
 wards became the town of Brownsville, he 
 engaged in the manufacture of salt, removing 
 thither in 1815, and becoming one of the founders 
 of Brownsville, afterwards the first county-seat 
 of Jackson County. On the organization of 
 Jackson County, in 1816, he became a member of 
 the first Board of County Commissioners, and, in 
 1818, served as Delegate from that county in the 
 Convention which framed the first State Consti- 
 tution. Thereafter he served continuously as a 
 member of the Legislature from 1818 to '34 — first 
 as Senator in the First General Assembly, then 
 as Representative in the Second, Third, Fourth 
 and Fifth, and again as Senator in the Sixth, 
 Seventh, Eighth and Ninth — his career being 
 conspicuous for long service. He died in office, 
 June 11, 1834. Dr. Will was short of stature, 
 fleshy, of jovial disposition and fond of playing 
 practical jokes upon his associates, but very 
 popular, as shown by his successive elections to 
 the Legislature. He has been called "The Father 
 of Jackson County. ' ' Will County, organized by 
 act of the Legislature two years after his death, 
 was named in his honor. 
 
 WILL COUNTY, a northeastern county, em- 
 bracing 850 square miles, named in honor of Dr. 
 Conrad Will, an early politician and legislator. 
 Early explorations of the territory were made 
 in 1829, when white settlers were few. The bluff 
 west of Joliet is said to have been first occupied 
 by David and Benjamin Maggard. Joseph 
 Smith, the Mormon "apostle,"" expounded his 
 peculiar doctrines at "the Point" in- 1831. Sev- 
 eral of the early settlers fied from the country 
 during (or after) a raid by the Sac Indians. 
 
 There is a legend, seemingly well supported, to 
 the effect that the first lumber, sawed to build 
 the first frame house in Chicago (that of P. F. W. 
 Peck), was sawed at Plainfield. Will County, 
 originally a part of Cook, was separately erected 
 in 1836, Joliet being made the county-seat. 
 Agriculture, quarrying and manufacturing are 
 the chief industries. Joliet, Lockport and Wil- 
 mington are the principal towns. Population 
 (1880), 53,422; (1890), 62,007; (1900), 74,764. 
 
 WILLARD, Frances Elizabeth, teacher and 
 reformer, was born at Churcliville, N. Y., Sept. 
 28, 1839, graduated from the Northwestern 
 Female College at Evanston, 111., in 1859, and, in 
 1862, accepted the Professorship of Natural 
 Sciences in that institution. During 1866-67 she 
 was tlie Principal of the Genessee Wesleyan 
 Seminary. The next two years she devoted to 
 travel and study abroad, meanwhile contribut- 
 ing to various periodicals. From 1871 to 1874 she 
 was Professor of Esthetics in the Northwestern 
 University and dean of the Woman"s College. 
 Slie was always an enthusiastic champion of 
 temperance, and, in 1874, abandoned her profes- 
 sion to identify herself with the Woman"s Chris- 
 tian Temperance Union. For five years she was 
 Correspondmg Secretary of the national body, 
 and, from 1879, its President. While Secretary 
 she organized the Home Protective Association, 
 and prepared a petition to the Illinois Legislature, 
 to which nearly 200,000 names were attached, 
 asking for the granting to women of the right to 
 vote on the license question. In 1878 she suc- 
 ceeded her brother, Oliver A. Willard (who had 
 died), as editor of "The Chicago Evening Post," 
 but, a few months later, withdrew, and, in 1882, 
 was elected as a member of the executive com- 
 mittee of the National Prohibition party. In 
 1886 she became leader of the White Cross Move- 
 ment for the protection of women, and succeeded 
 in securing favorable legislation, in this direc- 
 tion, in twelve States. In 1883 she founded the 
 World"s Christian Temperance Union, and, in 
 1888, was chosen its President, as also President 
 of the International Council of Women. The 
 latter years of her life were spent chiefly abroad, 
 much of the time as the guest and co-worker of 
 Lady Henry Somerset, of England, during which 
 she devoted much attention to investigating the 
 condition of women in the Orient. Miss Willard 
 was a prolific and highly valued contributor to 
 the magazines, and (besides numerous pamphlets) 
 published several volumes, including "Nineteen 
 Beautiful Years" (a tribute to her sister); 
 "Woman in Temperance"; "How to Win," and 
 
590 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 "Woman in the Pulpit. "" Died, in New York, 
 Feb. 18. 1808. 
 
 WILL4.RD, Samuel, A.5I., M.D., LL.D., phy- 
 sician and educator, was born in Lunenberg, 
 Vt., Dec. 30, 1821— the lineal descendant of Maj. 
 Simon "Willard, one of the founders of Concord, 
 Mass., and prominent in '"King Philip's War," 
 and of his son, Rev. Dr. Samuel Willard, of the 
 Old South Church, Boston, and seventh President 
 of Harvard College. The subject of this sketch 
 was taken in his infanc}' to Boston, and, in 1831, 
 to CarroUtou, 111., where his father pursued the 
 avocation of a druggist. After a preparatory- 
 course at Shurtletl College, Upper Alton, in 1836 
 he entered the freshman class in Illinois College 
 at Jacksonville, but withdrew the following year, 
 re-entering college in 1840 and graduating in the 
 class of 1843, as a classmate of Dr. Newton Bate- 
 man, afterwards State Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction and President of Knox College, and 
 Rev. Thomas K. Beecher, now of Elmira, N. Y. 
 The next year he spent as Tutor in Illinois Col- 
 lege, when he began the study of medicine at 
 Quinc}', graduating from the Medical Department 
 of Illinois College in 1848. During a part of the 
 latter year he edited a Free-Soil campaign paper 
 ("The Tribune") at Quincy, and, later, "The 
 Western Temperance Magazine" at the same 
 place. In 1849 he began the practice of his pro- 
 fession at St. Louis, but tlie next year removed 
 toCoUinsville, III, remaining until 1857, when he 
 took charge of the Dei)artment of Languages in 
 the newly organized State Normal University at 
 Normal. Tlie second year of the Civil War (1862) 
 he enlisted as a jjrivate in the Ninety-seventh 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but was soon after 
 commissioned as Surgeon with the rank of Major, 
 participating in the campaigns in Tennessee and 
 in tlie first attack upon V'icksburg. Being dis- 
 abled by an attack of paralysis, in February, 1803, 
 he wascouipcllctl to n^sign, when lie liad suflici- 
 ently recovered acr-c^ptiiig a i)osition in the oflice 
 of Provost Marslial (Jencral Oakos, at Spring- 
 field, where he remained until tlio close of tlio 
 war. He then became Grand Secretary of the 
 IndejKjndent Order of Odd-Fellows for the State 
 of Illinois — a jiosition which lie liad held from 
 1850 Uj 1H02 —remaining under his second ajipoint- 
 mi-nt from IHOr) to '00. The next year he served 
 an Su|KTinten<lent of Schools at SiiringCield, 
 ineuriwliili; {us.sislitig in founding the Springfield 
 piiblir; library, and serving as its first librarian. 
 In IHTO \w w,c«\>U:il tli<! profcfHSorsliip of Ilistoiy 
 in tlio Went Kido High School of (Miicago, 
 which, with the exception of two yearH (18b4-b0), 
 
 he continued to occupy for more than twenty- 
 five years, retiring in 1898. In the meantime. 
 Dr. W^illard has been a laborious literary worker, 
 having been, for a considerable period, editor, or 
 assistant-editor, of "The Illinois Teacher," a con- 
 tributor to "The Century Magazine" and "The 
 Dial" of Chicago, besides having published a 
 "Digest of the Laws of Odd Fellowship" in six- 
 teen volumes, begun while he was Grand Secre- 
 tary of the Order in 1864, and continued in 1872 
 and '82; a "Synopsis of History and Historical 
 Chart," covering the period from B. C. 800 
 to A. D. 1876 — of which he has had a second 
 edition in course of preparation. Of late years 
 he has been engaged upon a "Historical Diction- 
 ary of Names and Places," which will include 
 some 12,000 topics, and which promises to be the 
 most important work of his life. Previous to the 
 war he was an avowed Abolitionist and operator 
 on the "Underground Railroad," who made no 
 concealment of his opinions, and, on one or two 
 occasions, was called to answer for them in 
 prosecutions under the "Fugitive Slave Act." 
 (See ''Underground Railroad.") His friend 
 and classmate, the late Dr. Bateman, says of 
 him: "Dr. Willard is a sound thinker; a clear 
 and forcible writer; of broad and accurate 
 scholarship; conscientious, genial and kindly, 
 and a most estimable gentleman." 
 
 WILLIAMS, Archibald, lawyer and JMrist, 
 was born in Montgomery County, Ky., June 10, 
 1801 ; with moderate advantages but natural 
 fondness for study, he chose the profession of 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in Tennessee 
 in 1828, coming to Quincy, 111., the following 
 year. He vi'as elected to the General Assembly 
 three times — serving in the Senate in 1832-30, and 
 in the House, 1836-40 ; was United States District 
 Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, by 
 appointment of President Taylor, 1849-53; was 
 tvvicie the candidate of his party (the Whig) for 
 United States Senator, and ajjpointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, in 1801, United States Di.strict 
 Judge for the State of Kan.sas. His abilities and 
 high cliaracter were widely recognized. Died, 
 in Quincy, Sept. 21, 1863 — His son, John H., an 
 attorney at Quincy, served as Judge of the Cir- 
 cuit Court 1879-85. — Another son, Abraham Lin- 
 coln, was twice elected Attorney-(}enoral of 
 Kansas. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Lrastus Smith, lawyer and ju- 
 ri.st, was born at Salem, N. Y., May 22, 1821. In 
 1842 ho removed to (Chicago, wluire, after reading 
 law, ho was admitted to tlio bar in 1844. In 1854 
 ho was appoinl(;<l I\Iastcr in Chancery, wliich 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 591 
 
 office he filled until 1863, when he was elected a 
 Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County. 
 After re-election in 1870 he became Chief Justice, 
 and, at the same time, heard most of the cases on 
 the equity side of the court. In 1879 he was a 
 candidate for re-election as a Republican, but 
 was defeated with the party ticket. After his 
 retirement from the bench he resumed private 
 practice. Died, Feb. 34, 1884. 
 
 WILLIAMS, James R., Congressman, was 
 born in White County, 111., Dec. 27, 1850, at the 
 age of 25 graduated from the Indiana State Uni- 
 versity, at Bloomington, and, in 1876, from the 
 Union College of Law, Chicago, since then being 
 an active and successful practitioner at Carmi. 
 In 1880 he was appointed Master in Chancery and 
 served two years. From 1882 to 1886 he was 
 County Judge. In 1892 he was a nominee on 
 the Democratic ticket for Presidential Elector. 
 He was elected to represent the Nineteenth Illi- 
 nois District in the Fifty-first Congress at a 
 special election held to fill the vacancy occasioned 
 by the death of R. W. Townshend, was re-elected 
 in 1890 and 1892, but defeated by Orlando Burrell 
 (Republican) for re-election in the newly organ- 
 ized Twentieth District in 1894. In 1898 he was 
 again a candidate and elected to the Fifty-sixth 
 Congress. 
 
 WILLIAMS, John, pioneer merchant, was 
 bom in Bath County, Ky., Sept. 11, 1808; be- 
 tween 14 and 16 years of age was clerk in a store 
 in his native State; then, joining his parents, 
 who had settled on a tract of land in a part of 
 Sangamon (now Menard) County, 111., he found 
 employment as clerk in the store of Major Elijah 
 lies, at Springfield, whom he succeeded in busi- 
 ness at the age of 22, continuing it without inter- 
 ruption until 1880. In 1856 Mr. Williams was 
 the Republican candidate for Congress in the 
 Springfield District, and, in 1861, was appointed 
 Commissary-General for the State, rendering 
 valuable service in furnishing supplies for State 
 troops, in camps of instruction and while i^rocoed- 
 ing to the field, in the first years of the war ; was 
 also chief officer of the Illinois Sanitary Commis- 
 sion for two years, and, as one of the intimate 
 personal friends of Mr. Lincoln, was chosen to 
 accompany the remains of the martyred President, 
 from Washington to Springfield, for burial. 
 Liberal, enterprising and public-spirited, his name 
 ■was associated with nearly every public enter- 
 prise of importance in Springfield during his 
 business career — being one of the founders, and, 
 for eleven years President, of the Fir.st National 
 Bank; a chief promoter in the construction of 
 
 what is now the Springfield Division of the Illi- 
 nois Central Railroad, and the Springfield and 
 Peoria line; a Director of the Springfield Iron 
 Company ; one of the Commissioners who con- 
 structed the Springfield water-works, and an 
 officer of the Lincoln Monument Association, 
 from 1865 to his death. May 29, 1890. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Norman, lawyer, was born at 
 Woodstock, Vt., Feb. 1, 1833, being related, on 
 both the paternal and maternal sides, to some of 
 the most prominent families of New England. 
 He fitted for college at Union Academy, Meriden, 
 and graduated from the University of Vermont 
 in the class of 1855. After taking a cour.se in 
 the Albany Law School and with a law firm in 
 his native town, he was admitted to practice in 
 both New York and Vermont, removed to Chi- 
 cago in 1858, and, in 1860, became a member of 
 the firm of King, Kales & Williams, still later 
 forming a partnership with Gen. John L. Thomp- 
 son, which ended with the death of the latter in 
 1888. In a professional capacity he assisted im 
 the organization of the Pullman Palace Car Com- 
 pany, and was a member of its Board of Directors ; 
 also assisted in organizing the Western Electric 
 Company, and was promipently identified with 
 the Chicago Telephone Company and the Western 
 Union Telegraph Company. In 1881 he served as 
 the United States Commissioner to the Electrical 
 Exposition at Paris. In conjunction with his 
 brother (Edward H. Williams) he assisted in 
 founding the public library at Woodstock, Vt., 
 which, in honor of his father, received the name 
 of "The Norman Williams Public Library." 
 With Col. Huntington W. Jackson and J. Mc- 
 Gregor Adams, Mr. Williams was named, in the 
 will of the late John Crerar, as an executor of the 
 Crerar estate and one of the Trustees of the 
 Crerar Public Library, and became its first Presi- 
 dent ; was also a Director of the Chicago Pub- 
 lic Library, and trustee of a number of large 
 estates. Mr. Williams was a son-in-law of the 
 late Judge John D. Caton, and his oldest daughter 
 became the wife of Major-General Wesley Mer- 
 ritt, a few months before his death, which oc- 
 curred at Hamilton Beach, N. H., June 19, 1899 
 — his remains being interred in his native town 
 of Woodstock, Vt. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Robert Ebenezer, lawyer, born 
 Dec. 3, 1825, at Clarksville, Pa., his grandfathers 
 on both sides being soldiers of the Revolutionary 
 War. In 1830 his parents rempved to Washing- 
 ton in the same State, where in boyhood he 
 worked as a mechanic in his father's shop, 
 attending a common school in the winter until 
 
59; 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 he reached the age of IT years, when he entered 
 "Washington College, remaining for more than a 
 year. He then began teaching, and, in 1845 
 went to Kentucky, where he pursued the business 
 of a teacher for four years. Then he entered 
 Bethany College in West Virginia, at the same 
 time prosecuting liis law studies, but left at the 
 close of his junior year, when, having been 
 licensed to practice, he removed to Clinton, 
 Texas. Here he accepted, from a retired lawyer, 
 the loan of a law library, which he afterwards 
 purchased ; served for two 3'ears as State's Attor- 
 ney, and, in 1856, came to Bloomington, 111., 
 where he spent the remainder of his life in the 
 practice of his profession. Much of his time was 
 devoted to practice as a railroad attorney, espe- 
 cially in connection with the Chicago & Alton and 
 the Illinois Central Railroads, in which he 
 acquired prominence and wealth. He was a life- 
 long Democrat and, in 1808, was the unsuccessful 
 candidate of his party for Attorney-General of 
 the State. The last three j'ears of his life he had 
 been in bad health, dj-ing at Bloomington, Feb. 
 15, 1899. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Samuel, Bank President, was born 
 in Adams Countj', Ohio, July 11, 1820; came to 
 Winnebago County, 111., in 1835, and, in 1842, 
 removed to Iroquois County, where he held vari- 
 ous local offices, including that of County Judge, 
 to which he was elected in 1861. During his 
 later years he had been President of the Watseka 
 Citizens" Bank. Died, June 16, 1896. 
 
 WILLIAMSOX, Rollin Samuel, legislator and 
 jurist, was born at Cornwall, Vt. , May 23, 1839. 
 At tlie age of 14 he went to Boston, where he 
 began life as a telegraph mes.senger boy. In 
 two years he had become a skillful operator, and, 
 an such, was employed in various offices in New 
 England and New York. In 1857 he came to 
 Cliicago seeking employment and, through tlie 
 fortunate correction of an error on the part of 
 tlie receiver of a messjige, secured the position of 
 <i|»cnitor and station agent at Palatine, Cook 
 (^'ounty. Here he read law during his leisure 
 time without a i)recei)tor, and, in 1870, was 
 arhnitted to the bar. The same year he was 
 <'\fcU:i\ to the lower Hou.se of the General 
 .\.s.H«Miihly and, in 1872, to the Senate. In 1880 he 
 w.xs elected Ui the l>ench of the Superior Court of 
 (>x>k County, and, in 1887, was chosen a Judge 
 of tlie C<K)k County Circuiit Court. Died, Au- 
 (pj.st 10, 1889. 
 
 WILLIAMSON" rorNTV, in tli.r soutbern part 
 <if till' St.iic, firiKifialiy set olf from Fnidkliii niid 
 orK<t»i/«vl in 1830. The county is well walcrcii, 
 
 the principal streams being the Big Muddy and 
 the South Fork of the Saline. The surface is 
 undulating and the soil fertile. The region was 
 originally well covered with forests. All the 
 cereals (as well as potatoes) are cultivated, and 
 rich meadows encourage stock-raising. Coal and 
 .sandstone underlie the entire coimty. Area, 440 
 square miles; population (1880), 19,324: ' (1890) 
 23,236; (1900), 27,790. 
 
 WILLIAMSVILLE, village of Sangamon Coun- 
 ty, on Cln"cago ct Alton Railroad, 12 miles north 
 of Springfield; has a bank, elevator, 3 cburches, 
 a newspaper and coal-mines. Pop. (1900), 573. 
 
 AVILLIS, Jonathan Clay, soldier and former 
 Railroad and Warehouse Commissioner, was born 
 in Sumner County, Tenn., June 27, 1826; brought 
 to Gallatin County, 111., in 1834, and settled at 
 Golconda in 1843; was elected Sheriff of Pope 
 County in 1856, removed to Metropolis in 1859, 
 and engaged in the wharf-boat and commission 
 business. He entered the service as Quarter- 
 master of the Forty -eighth Illinois Volunteers in 
 1861, but was compelled to resign on account of 
 injuries, in 1863 ; was elected Representative i*? 
 the Twenty-sixth General Assembly (1868), 
 appointed Collector of Internal Revenue in 1869, 
 and Railway and Warehouse Commissioner in 
 1892, as the successor of John R. Tanner, serving 
 until 1893. 
 
 WILMETTE, a village in Cook County, 14 miles 
 north of Chicago, on the Chicago & Northwestern 
 Railroad, a liandsome suburb of Chicago on tlie 
 shore of Lake Michigan; principal streets paved 
 and shaded with fine forest trees; has public 
 library and good schools. Pop. (1900), 2,300. 
 
 WILMINGTON, a city of Will County, on the 
 Kankakee River and the Chicago & Alton Rail- 
 road, 53 miles from Cliicago and 15 south-south- 
 west of Joliet; has considerable manufactures, 
 two National banks, a graded school, churches 
 and one newspaper. Wilmington is the location 
 of the Illinois Soldiers' Widows' Home. Popu- 
 lation (1890), 1,576; (1900), 1,420. 
 
 WILSON, Cliarles Lush, journalist, was born 
 in Fairfield County, Conn., Oct. 10, 1818, edu- 
 cated in the common schools and at an academy 
 in his native State, and, in 1835, removed to Chi- 
 cago, entering the employment of his older 
 brothers, who wore connected with the construc- 
 tion of tlie Illinois & Mi(!higan Canal at Joliet. 
 His l)roth(!r, Uicshard L., having a.ssumed charge 
 of "The Cliicago Daily Journal" (the su(!(!essor 
 of "Tlie CIii(;ago American"), in]18l4, Charles L. 
 took a position in tlio oflicri!, ultimately .securing 
 a ])artii('isiii|i, vviiicji contimuMl until tlic ilcatli 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 593 
 
 of his brother in 1856, when he succeeded to the 
 ownership of the paper. Mr. Wilson was an 
 ardent friend and supporter of Abraham Lincoln 
 for the United States Senate in 1858, but, in 1860, 
 favored the nomination of Mr. Seward for the 
 Presidency, though earnestly supporting Mr. Lin- 
 coln after his nomination. In 1861 he was 
 appointed Secretary of the American Legation at 
 London, serving with the late Minister Charles 
 Francis Adams, until 1864, when lie resigned and 
 resumed his connection with "The Journal."' In 
 1875 his health began to fail, and three years 
 later, having gone to San Antonio, Tex. , in the 
 hope of receiving benefit from a change of cli- 
 mate, he died in that city, March 9, 1878. — 
 Richard Lush (Wilson), an older brother of the 
 preceding, the first editor and publisher of "The 
 Chicago Evening Journal," the oldest paper of 
 consecutive publication in Chicago, was a native 
 of New York. Coming to Chicago with his 
 bi'other John L., in 1834, they soon after estab- 
 lished themselves in business on the Illinois & 
 Michigan Canal, then in course of construction. 
 In 1844 he took charge of "The Chicago Daily 
 Journal" for a publishing committee which had 
 purchased the material of "The Chicago Ameri- 
 can," but soon after became principal proprietor. 
 In April, 1847, while firing a salute in honor of 
 the victory of Buena Vista, he lost an arm and 
 was otherwise injured by the explosion of the can- 
 non. Early in 1849, he was appointed, bj^ Presi- 
 dent Taylor, Postmaster of the city of Chicago, 
 but, having failed of confirmation, was compelled 
 to retire in favor of a successor appointed by 
 Millard Fillmore, eleven months later. Mr. 
 Wilson published a little volume in 1842 entitled 
 "A Trip to Santa Fe," and, a few years later, 
 a story of travel under the title, "Short Ravel- 
 lings from a Long Yarn." Died, December, 1856. 
 — John Lush (Wilson), another brother, also a 
 native of New York, came to Illinois in 1834, was 
 afterwards associated with his brothers in busi- 
 ness, being for a time business manager of "The 
 Chicago Journal;" also served one term as Sher- 
 iff of Cook County. Died, in Chicago, April 13, 
 
 WILSON, Isaac Grant, jurist, was born at 
 Middlebury, N. Y., April 26, 1817, graduated 
 from Brown University in 1838, and the same 
 year came to Chicago, whither his father's 
 family had preceded him in 1835. After reading 
 law for two years, he entered the senior class at 
 Cambridge (Mass.) Law School, graduating in 
 1841. In August of that year he opened an 
 ofiQce at Elgin, and, for ten years "rode the cir- 
 
 cuit." In 1851 he was elected to the bench of 
 the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit to fill a vacancy, 
 and re-elected for a full term in 1855, and again 
 in '61. In November of the latter year he was 
 commissioned the first Colonel of the Fifty- 
 second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but resigned, 
 a few weeks later, and resumed his place upon 
 the bench. From 1867 to 1879 he devoted him- 
 self to private practice, which was largely in 
 the Federal Courts. In 1879 he resumed his seat 
 upon the bench (this time for the Twelfth Cir- 
 cuit), and was at once designated as one of the 
 Judges of the Appellate Court at Chicago, of 
 which tribunal he became Chief Justice in 1881. 
 In 1885 he was re-elected Circuit Judge, but died, 
 about the close of his term, at Geneva, June 8, 
 1891. 
 
 WILSON, James Grant, soldier and author, 
 was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, April 28, 1832, 
 and, when only a year old, was brought by his 
 father, William Wilson, to America. The family 
 settled at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where James 
 Grant was educated at College Hill and under 
 private teachers. After finishing his studies he 
 became his father's partner in business, but, in 
 1855, went abroad, and, shortly after his return, 
 removed to Chicago, where he founded the first 
 literary paper established in the Northwest. At 
 the outbreak of the Civil War, he disposed of his 
 journal to enlist in the Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, 
 of which he was commissioned Major and after- 
 wards promoted to the colonelcy. In August, 
 1863, while at New Orleans, by advice of General 
 Grant, he accepted a commission as Colonel of 
 the Fourth Regiment United States Colored 
 Cavalry, and was assigned, as Aid-de-camp, to 
 the staff of the Commander of the Department of 
 the Gulf, filling this post until April, 1865. 
 When General Banks was relieved. Colonel Wil- 
 son was brevetted Brigadier-Genei-al and placed 
 in command at Port Hudson, resigning in July, 
 1865, since which time his home has been in New 
 York. He is best known as an author, having 
 published numerous addresses, and being a fre- 
 quent contributor to American and European 
 magazines. Among larger works which he has 
 written or edited are "Biographical Sketches of 
 Illinois Officers"; "Love in Letters"; "Life of 
 General U. S. Grant"; "Life and Letters of 
 Fitz Greene Halleck"; "Poets and Poetry of 
 Scotland"; "Bryant and His Friends", and 
 "Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. " 
 
 WILSON, James Harrison, soldier and mili- 
 tary engineer, was bor-n near Shawneetown, 111., 
 Sept. 2, 1837. His grandfather, Alexander Wil- 
 
594 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 son. was one of the pioneers of Illinois, and 
 his father (Harrison Wilson) was an ensign dur- 
 ing the War of 1812 and a Captain in the Black 
 Hawk War. His brother (Bluford Wilson) 
 served as Assistant Adjutant-General of Volun- 
 teers during the Civil War. and as Solicitor of the 
 United States Treasurj' during the "whisky ring" 
 prosecutions. James H. was educated in the 
 common schools, at McKendree College, and 
 the United States Military Academy at West 
 Point, graduating from the latter in 1860, and 
 being assigned to the Topographical Engineer 
 Corps. In September, 1861, he was promoted to 
 a First Lieutenancy, then served as Chief Topo- 
 graphical Engineer of the Poi-t Royal expedition 
 until March, 1862; was afterwards attached to 
 the Department of the South, being jjresent at 
 the bombardment of Fort Pulaski; was Aid-de- 
 camp to McClellan, and participated in the bat- 
 tles of South Mountain and Antietam ; was made 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers in November, 
 1862; was Chief Topographical Engineer and 
 Inspector-General of the Army of the Tennessee 
 until October, 1863, being actively engaged in 
 the operations around Vicksburg; was made 
 Captain of Engineers in May, 1863, and Brigadier- 
 General of Volunteers, Oct. 31, following. He 
 also conducted operations preliminary to the 
 battle of Chattanooga and Missionary Ridge, and 
 for the relief of Knoxville. Later, he was placed 
 in command of the Third Division of the cavalry 
 corps of tlie Army of the Potomac, .serving from 
 May to August, 1864, under General Sheridan. 
 Subsequentl}' he was transferred to the Depart- 
 ment of the Mi.ssi.ssippi, where he so distinguislied 
 himself that, on April 20, 1865, he was made 
 Major-General of Volunteers. In twenty-eight 
 days he captured five fortified cities, tvventy- 
 tliree stands of colors, 288 guns and 6,820 prison- 
 ers — among the Litter being Jefferson Davis. He 
 was mustered out of the volunteer service in 
 January, 1H60, and, on July 28, following, was 
 conunissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the Tliirty- 
 fifth United States Infantry, being also brevetted 
 Major General in the rcigular army. On Dec. 31, 
 1870, he returned to civil life, and was afterwards 
 largely engaged in railroad and engineering oper- 
 ationH, esjtecially in West Virginia. Promi)tly 
 after the declaration of war witli Si)ain {IH!)8) 
 General Wil.son was appointed, by tlic! President, 
 Major-General r)f Vohintc(!rs, serving until its 
 clfwe. He is tlu; author of "(Jhina: Travels and 
 InvestigatifniK in llu; Middle Kingdom" ; "Jjife of 
 Andrew J. Alexandj-r" ; and tin; "Life of Gen. 
 U. H. Grant," in c;on junction with Ciiarles A. 
 
 Dana. His home, in recent years, has been in 
 New York. 
 
 WILSON, John M., lawyer and juri.st, was 
 born in New Hampshire in 1802, graduated at 
 Bowdoin College in 1824 — the classmate of Frank- 
 lin Pierce and Nathaniel Hawthorne ; studied law 
 in New Hampshire and came to Illinois in 1835, 
 locating at Joliet; removed to Chicago in 1841, 
 where he was the partner of Norman B. Judd, 
 serving, at different periods, as attorney of the 
 Chicago & Rock Island, the Lake Shore & Michi- 
 gan Southern and the Chicago & Northwe.stern 
 Railways; was Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas of Cook County, 1853-59, when he became 
 Presiding Judge of the Superior Court of Chicago, 
 serving until 1868. Died, Dec. 7, 1883. 
 
 WILSON, John P., lawyer, was born in White- 
 side County, 111., July 3, 1844; educated in the 
 common schools and at Knox College, Galesburg, 
 graduating from the latter in 1865; two years 
 later was admitted to tlie bar in Chicago, and 
 speedily attained prominence in his profession. 
 During the World's Fair period he was retained 
 as counsel by the Committee on Grounds and 
 Buildings, and was prominently connected, as 
 counsel for the city, with the Lake Front litiga- 
 tion. 
 
 WILSON, Robert L., early legislator, was born 
 in Washington County, Pa., Sept. 11, 1805, taken 
 to Zanesville, Ohio, in 1810, graduated at Frank- 
 lin College in 1831, studied law and, in 1833, 
 removed to Athens (now in Menard County), 111. ; 
 was elected Representative in 1830, and was one 
 of the members from Sangamon County, known 
 as the "Long Nine," who assisted in securing the 
 removal of the State Capital to Springfield. Mr. 
 WiLson removed to Sterling, Whiteside County, 
 in 1840, was elected five times Circuit Clerk and 
 served eight years as Probate Judge. Immedi- 
 ately after the fall of Fort Sumter, he enlisted as 
 private in a battalion in Wasliiiigton City under 
 command of Cassias M. Clay, for guard (hity 
 until the arrival of the Seventh New York Regi- 
 ment. He subsequently assisted in raising 
 troops in Illinois, was appointed Paymaster by 
 Lincoln, serving at Washington, St. Louis, and, 
 after the fall of Vicksburg, at Springfield — being 
 mustered out in November, 1865. Died, in Wliito- 
 sido County, ISHO. 
 
 WILSOX, Robert S., lawyer and jurist, was 
 born at Montrosii, Su.scjiudianna County, Pa., Nov. 
 6, 1K12; learned the ])rint(!r's art, then stmlied 
 law and was admitted to tlie bar in Allegheny 
 County, about 1833; in 1836 removed to Ann 
 Arbor, Mich., where he served as Probate Judge 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 595 
 
 anil State Senator ; in 1850 came to Chicago, was 
 elected Judge of the Recorder's Court in 1853, 
 and re-elected in 1858, serving ten years, and 
 proving "a terror to evil-doers." Died, at Law- 
 rence, Mich., Dec. 23, 1882. 
 
 WILSOJf, William, early jurist, was born in 
 Loudoun County, Va., April 27, 1794; studied law 
 with Hon. John Cook, a distinguished lawyer, 
 and minister to France in tlie early part of the 
 century ; in 1817 removed to Kentucky, soon after 
 came to Illinois, two years later locating in White 
 County, near Carmi, which continued to be his 
 home during the remainder of his life. In 1819 
 he was appointed Associate Justice of the 
 Supreme Court as successor to William P. 
 Foster, who is described by Governor Ford as 
 "a great rascal and no lawyer," and who held 
 office only about nine months. Judge Wilson 
 was re-elected to the Supreme bench, as Chief- 
 Justice, in 1825, being then only a little over 30 
 years old, and held office until the reorganization 
 of the Supreme Court under the Constitution of 
 1848 — a period of over twenty-nine years, and, 
 with the exception of Judge Browne's, the long- 
 est term of service in the history of the court. 
 He died at his home in White County, April 29, 
 1857. A Whig in early life, he allied himself 
 with the Democratic party on the dissolution of 
 the former. Hon. James C. Conkling, of Spring- 
 field, says of him, "as a writer, his style was clear 
 and distinct; as a lawyer, his judgment was 
 sound and discriminating."' 
 
 WINCHESTER, a city and county-seat of Scott 
 CountJ^ founded in 1839, situated on Big Sandy 
 Creek and on the line of the Chicago, Burlington 
 & Quincy Railroad, 29 miles south of Beardstown 
 and 84 miles north by west of St. Louis. While 
 the surrounding region is agricultural and largely 
 devoted to wheat growing, there is some coal 
 mining. Winchester is an important shipping- 
 point, having three grain elevators, two flouring 
 mills, and a coal mine employing fifty miners. 
 There are four Protestant and one Catholic 
 church, a court house, a high school, a graded 
 school building, two banks and two weekly news- 
 papers. Population (1880), 1,626; (1890), 1,542; 
 (1900), 1,711. 
 
 WINDSOR, a city of Shelby County at the cross- 
 ing of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
 Louis and the Wabash Railways, 11 miles north- 
 east of Shelbyville. Population (1880), 768; 
 (1890), 888; (1900), 866. 
 
 WINES, Frederick Howard, clergyman and 
 sociologist, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 
 9, 1838, graduated at Washington (Pa.) College 
 
 in 1857, and, after serving as tutor there for a 
 short time, entered Princeton Theological Semi- 
 nary, but was compelled temporarily to discon- 
 tinue his studies on account of a weakness of 
 the eyes. The Presbytery of St. Louis licensed 
 him to preach in 1800, and, in 1862, he was com- 
 missioned Hospital Chaplain in the Union army. 
 During 1862-64 he was stationed at Springfield, 
 Mo., participating in the battle of Springfield on 
 Jan. 8, 1863, and being personally mentioned for 
 bravery on the field in the official report. Re- 
 entering the seminary at Princeton in 1864, he 
 graduated in 1865, and at once accepted a call to 
 the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Church of 
 Springfield, III, which he filled for four years. 
 In 1869 he was appointed Secretary of the newly 
 created Board of Commissioners of Public Chari- 
 ties of Illinois, in which capacity he continued 
 until 1893, when he resigned. For the next four 
 years he was chiefly engaged in literary work, in 
 lecturing before universities on topics connected 
 with social science, in aiding in the organization 
 of charitable work, and in the conduct of a 
 thorough investigation into the relations between 
 liquor legislation and crime. At an early period 
 he took a prominent part in organizing the 
 various Boards of Public Charities of the United 
 States into an organization known as the National 
 Conference of Charities and Corrections, and, at 
 the Louisville meeting (1883), was elected its 
 President. At the International Penitentiary 
 Congress at Stockholm (1878) he was the official 
 delegate from Illinois. On his return, as a result 
 of his observations while abroad, he submitted 
 to the Legislature a report strongly advocating 
 the construction of the Kankakee Hosp'ital for 
 the Insane, then about to be built, upon the 
 "detached ward" or "village" plan, a departure 
 from then existing methods, which marks an era 
 in the treatment of insane in the United States. 
 Mr. Wines conducted the investigation into the 
 condition and number of the defective, depend- 
 ent and delinquent classes throughout the coun- 
 try, his report constituting a separate volume 
 under the "Tenth Census," and rendered a simi- 
 lar service in connection with the eleventh 
 census (1890). In 1887 he was elected Secretary 
 of the National Prison Association, succeeding to 
 the post formerly held by iiis father, Enoch Cobb 
 Wines, D.D., LL.D. After the inauguration of 
 Governor Tanner in 1897, he resumed his former 
 position of Secretary of the Board of Public 
 Charities, remaining until 1899, when he again 
 tendered his resignation, having received the 
 appointment to the position of Assistant Director 
 
59G 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 of the Twelfth Census, whicli he now holds. He 
 is the author of "Crime and Reformation" (1895); 
 of a voluminous series of reports ; also of numer- 
 ouo pamphlets and brochures, among which may 
 be mentioned '"The County Jail System; An 
 Argument for its Abolition" (1878) ; "The Kanka- 
 kee Hospital" (1882); "Provision for the Insane 
 in the United States" (1885); "Conditional 
 Liberation, or the Paroling of Prisoners" (1886), 
 and "American Prisons in the Tenth Census" 
 (1888). 
 
 WIXES, Walter B., lawj'-er (brother of Freder- 
 ick H. Wines), was born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 
 10, 1848, received his primary education at Willis- 
 ton Academy, East Hamoton, Mass., after which 
 lie entered Middlebury College, Vt., taking a 
 classical course and graduating there. He after- 
 wards became a student in the law department 
 of Columbia College, N. Y. , graduating in 1871, 
 being admitted to the bar the same year and 
 commencing practice in New York City. In 1879 
 he came to Springfield, 111., and was, for a time, 
 identified with the bar of that city. Later, he 
 removed to Cliicago, where he has been engaged 
 in literary and journalistic work. 
 
 WIXXEBAdJO COUNTY, situated in the 
 "nortliern tier," bordering on the Wisconsin 
 State line; was organized, under an act passed in 
 1836, from La Salle and Jo Daviess Counties, and 
 has an area of 553 square miles. The count}' is 
 drained by the Rock and Pecatonica Rivers. 
 The surface is rolling prairie and the .soil fertile. 
 The geology is simple, the (juaternary deposits 
 being underlaid by the Galena blue and buff 
 limestone, adapted for building purposes. All 
 the cereals are rcaised in abundance, the chief 
 product being corn. The Winnebago Indians 
 (who gave name to the county) formerly lived 
 on tlie west side of the Rock River, and the Potta- 
 watomies on the ea.st, but botli tribes removed 
 westward in 1835. (As to manufacturing inter- 
 ests, see Rockford.) Poi)ulation (1880), 30,505; 
 (IHOO), 39.93H; (I'.IOO), IT.Hlo 
 
 WI\\EI{A(J() WAR. The name given to an 
 Indian disturbance whicli had its origin in 1837, 
 during the administration of Gov. Ninian 
 Edwards. The Indians had been quiet since tlie 
 conclusion of the War of 1812, but a few i.solated 
 outrages were sufficient to start terrified "run- 
 ners" in all dinictions. In tlu) nortliern portion 
 of the Slat<j, from Galena to Cliicago (then Fort 
 DcarlKirn) the alarm wiis intense. Tiie meagn* 
 militia force of the State was siinimoned and 
 voliiiiteerB were r-allerl for. Mi'anwliilc, (iOO 
 United States Regular Infantry, under coiiiiiiaiid 
 
 of Gen. Henry Atkinson, put in an appearance. 
 Besides the infantry, Atkinson had at his di.sposal 
 some 130 mounted sharpshooters. The origin of 
 the disturbance was as follows: The Winne- 
 bagoes attacked a band of Cliippewas, who were 
 (by treaty) under Government potection, several 
 of the latter being killed. For participation in 
 this offense, four Winnebago Indians were sum- 
 marily apprehended, surrendered to the Chippe- 
 was and shot. Meanwhile, some dispute had 
 arisen as to the title of the lands, claimed by the 
 Winnebagoes in the vicinity of Galena, which 
 had been occupied by wliite miners. Repeated 
 acts of hostility and of reprisal, along the Upper 
 Mississippi, intensified mutual distrust. A gather- 
 ing of the Indians around two keel-boats, laden 
 with supplies for Fort Snelling, which had 
 anchored near Prairie du Chien and opposite a 
 Winnebago camp, was regarded by the whites as 
 a hostile act. Liquor was freely distributed, and 
 there is historical evidence that a half-dozen 
 drunken squaws were carried off and shamefully 
 maltreated. Several hundred warriors assembled 
 to avenge the deception which had been practiced 
 upon them. They laid in ambush for the boats 
 on their return trip. The first passed too rapidly 
 to be successfully assailed, but the second 
 grounded and was savagely, yet unsuccessfully, 
 attacked. The presence of General Atkinson's 
 forces prevented an actual outbreak, and, on his 
 demand, the great Winnebago Chief, Red Bird, 
 with six other leading men of tlie tribe, sur- 
 rendered them-selves as hostages to save their 
 nation from extermination. A majority of these 
 were, after trial, acquitted. Red Bird, however, 
 unable to endure confinement, literally pined to 
 death in prison, dying on Feb. 16, 1838. He is 
 described as having been a savage of superior 
 intelligence and noble character. A treaty of 
 peace was concduded with the Winnebagoes in a 
 council held at Prairie du Chien, a few months 
 later, but the affair seems to have produced as 
 mucli alarm among the Indians as it did among 
 the wliitcs. (For II''mne?)frgo/r)f//fT«.<!seei)age576.) 
 
 WINKETKA, a village of Cook County, on the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railway, I61/2 miles 
 north of Chicago. It stands eighty feet above 
 the level of Lake Micdiigaii, has good .schools 
 (being the seat of the Winnetka Institute), sev- 
 eral (diurches, and is a popular residence town. 
 Population (I8S0), 581 ; (1S!)()), 1,070; (1000), 1,833. 
 
 WINSTON, Frederick Ilaiiipton, lawyer, was 
 born in Libc-rty County, (3a., Nov. 20, 1H30, was 
 Ill-ought to Woodford County, Ky., in 1H35, loft 
 an oiplian at 12, and jitti^iided tlie coiiiiiion 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 597 
 
 schools until 18, when, returning to Georgia, he 
 engaged in cotton manufacture. He finally 
 began the study of law with United States Sena- 
 tor W. C. Dawson, and graduated from Harvard 
 Law School in 1852; spent some time in the office 
 of W. M. Evarts in New York, was admitted to 
 the bar and came to Chicago in 1853, where he 
 formed a partnership with Norman B. Judd, 
 afterwards being associated with Judge Henry 
 W. Blodgett; served as general solicitor of the 
 Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Chicago, 
 Rock Island & Pacific and the Pittsburgh, Fort 
 Wayne & Chicago Railways — remaining with the 
 latter twenty years. In 1885 he was appointed, 
 by President Cleveland, Minister to Persia, but 
 resigned the following year, and traveled exten- 
 sively in Russia, Scandinavia and other foreign 
 countries. Mr. Winston was a delegate to the 
 Democratic National Conventions of 1868, '76 and 
 '84; first President of the Stock Yards at Jersey 
 City, for twelve years President of the Lincoln 
 Park Commission, and a Director of the Lincoln 
 National Bank. 
 
 WISCONSIN CENTRAL LINES. The Wiscon- 
 sin Central Company was organized, June 17, 
 1887, and subsequently acquired the Minnesota, 
 St. Ci-oix & Wisconsin, the Wisconsin & Minne- 
 sota, the Chippewa Falls & Western, the St. 
 Paul & St. Croix Falls, the Wisconsin Central, the 
 Penokee, and the Packwaukee & Montebello Rail- 
 roads, and assumed the leases of the Milwaukee 
 & Lake Winnebago and the Wisconsin & Minne- 
 sota Roads. On July 1, 1888, the company began 
 to operate the entire Wisconsin Central system, 
 with the exception of the Wisconsin Central 
 Railroad and the leased Milwaukee & Lake Win- 
 nebago, which remained in charge of the Wis- 
 consin Central Railroad mortgage trustees until 
 Nov. 1, 1889, when these, too, passed under the 
 control of the Wisconsin Central Company. The 
 Wisconsin Central Railroad Company is a re- 
 organization (Oct. 1, 1879) of a company formed 
 Jan. 1, 1871. The Wisconsin Central and the 
 Wisconsin Central Railroad Companies, though 
 differing in name, are a financial unit; the 
 former holding most of the first mortgage bonds 
 of the latter, and substantially all its notes, stocks 
 and income bonds, but, for legal reasons (such as 
 the protection of land titles), it is necessary that 
 separate corporations be maintained. On April 
 1, 1890, the Wisconsin Central Company executed 
 a lease to the Northern Pacific Railroad, but this 
 was set aside by the courts, on Sept. 27, 1893, for 
 non-payment of rent, and was finally canceled. 
 On the same day receivers were appointed to 
 
 insure the protection of all interests. The total 
 mileage is 415.46 miles, of which the Company 
 owns 258.90— only .10 of a mile in Illinois. A 
 line, 58.10 miles in length, with 8.44 miles of 
 side-track (total, 66.54 miles), lying wholly within 
 the State of Illinois, is operated by the Chicago & 
 Wisconsin and furnishes the allied line an en- 
 trance into Chicago. 
 
 WITHROW, Thomas F., lawyer, was born in 
 Virginia in March, 1833, removed with his parents 
 to Ohio in childhood, attended the Western 
 Reserve College, and, after the death of his 
 father, taught school and worked as a printer, 
 later, editing a paper at Mount Vernon. In 1855 
 he removed to Janesville, Wis., where he again 
 engaged in journalistic work, studied law, was 
 admitted to the bar in Iowa in 1857, settled at 
 Des Moines and served as private secretary of 
 Governors Lowe and Kirkwood. In 1860 he 
 became Supreme Court Reporter; served as 
 Chairman of the Republican State Central Com- 
 mittee in 1863 and, in 1866, became associated 
 with the Rock Island Railroad in the capacity of 
 local attorney, was made chief law officer of the 
 Company in 1873, and removed to Chicago, and, 
 in 1890, was promoted to the position of General 
 Counsel. Died, in Chicago, Feb. 3, 1893. 
 
 WOLCOTT, (Dr.) Alexander, early Indian 
 Agent, was born at East Windsor, Conn., Feb. 
 14, 1790; graduated from Yale College in 1809, 
 and, after a course in medicine, was commis- 
 sioned, in 1812, Surgeon's Mate in the United 
 States Army. In 1820 he was appointed Indian 
 Agent at Fort Dearborn (now Chicago), as suc- 
 cessor to Charles Jouett — the first Agent — who 
 had been appointed a United States Judge in 
 Arkansas. The same year he accompanied Gen- 
 eral Lewis Cass and Henry Schoolcraft on their 
 tour among the Indians of the Northwest; was 
 married in 1823 to Ellen Marion Kinzie, a 
 daughter of Col. John Kinzie, the first perma- 
 nent settler of Chicago ; in 1825 was appointed a 
 Justice of the Peace for Peoria County, which 
 then included Cook County; was a Judge of 
 Election in 1830, and one of the purchasers of a 
 block of ground in the heart of the present city 
 of Chicago, at the first sale of lots, held Sept. 27, 
 1830, but died before the close of the year. Dr. 
 Wolcott appears to have been a high-minded and 
 honorable man, as well as far in advance of the 
 mass of pioneers in point of education and intel- 
 ligence. 
 
 WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CHI- 
 CAGrO. (See Northwestern University Woman's 
 Medical School.) 
 
598 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 WOMAN SUFFRAGE. (See Suffrage.) 
 
 WOOD, Benson, lawyer and Cougressman, was 
 boru in Susquehanna Country, Pa., in 1889; re- 
 ceived a common school and academic education ; 
 at the age of 20 came to Illinois, and, for two 
 years, taught school in Lee County. He then 
 enlisted as a soldier in an Illinois regiment, 
 attaining the rank of Captain of Infantry; after 
 the war. graduated from the Law Department of 
 the old Chicago University, and has since been 
 engaged in the practice of his profession. He 
 was elected a member of the Twent3--eighth Gen- 
 eral Assembly (1872) and was a delegate to the 
 Republican National Conventions of 1876 and 
 1888 ; also served as Mayor of the city of Effing- 
 ham, where he now resides. In 1894 he was 
 elected to the Fifty-fourth Congress by the 
 Republicans of the Nineteenth District, which has 
 uniformly returned a Democrat, and, in office, 
 proved himself a most industrious and efficient 
 member. Jlr. Wood was defeated as a candidate 
 for re-election in 189(5. 
 
 "WOOD, Jolin, pioneer, Lieutenant-Governor 
 and Governor, was born at IMoravia, N. Y., Dec. 
 20, 1798 — his father being a Revolutionary soldier 
 who had served as Surgeon and Captain in the 
 army. At the age of 21 j'ears young "Wood re- 
 moved to Illinois, settling in what is now Adams 
 County, and building the first log-cabin on the site 
 of the present city of Quincy. He was a member 
 of the up[)er house of the Seventeenth and Eight- 
 eenth (ieneral As.seml)lies, and was elected Lieu- 
 tenant-(iovern()r in \H~)[} on tlie same ticket with 
 (iovernor Bissell. and served out the unexpired 
 term of the latter, who died in office. (See Bis- 
 sell, William II.) He was succeeiled by Richard 
 Yates in 18(51. In February of that year he was 
 appointed one of the five Commissioners from 
 Illinois to the "Peace Conference" at Wash- 
 ington, to consider methods for averting 
 civil war. The following May ho was appointed 
 Quarterma.ster-General for the State by (iovernor 
 Yates, ancl a.ssisted most efliciontly in fitting out 
 the tr(K)ps for the field. In June, 18(54, he was 
 C')niniis.si<>ned (,'iilonel of the One Hundred and 
 Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteers (lOOdays' men) 
 and nmstered out of .service the following Sep- 
 teml)er. Died, at C^uincy, June 11, 1880. He 
 waii lilieral. patriotic and public-sj)irited. His 
 fellow-citiz-enH of Quincy erected a monument U> 
 Mh memory, which was ajipropriatelj' dedicated, 
 July -1. 1><K! 
 
 W(M»DI-'OI{D COINTY, situated a little north 
 of till- 'fiili'i of (lie Sliitc. liDwiiilcd on the west 
 by the IllinoiM River; organized in 1811; area, 
 
 540 square miles. Tlie surface is generally level, 
 except along the Illinois River, the soil fertile 
 and well watered. The county lies in the north- 
 ern section of the great coal field of the State. 
 Eureka is the county-seat. Other thriving cities 
 and towns are Metamora, Minonk, El Paso and 
 Roanoke. Corn, oats, wheat, potatoes and barley 
 are the principal crops. The chief mechanical 
 industries are flour manufacture, carriage and 
 wagon-making, and saddlery and harness work. 
 Population (1890), 21,429; (1900), 21,822. 
 
 WOODHULL, a village of Henry County, on 
 Keithsburg branch Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad, 15 miles west of Galva; has a bank, 
 electric lights, water works, brick and tile works, 
 six churches and weekly paper. Pop. (1900), 774. 
 
 WOODMAN, Charles W., lawyer and Congress- 
 man, was born in Aalborg, Denmark, March 11, 
 1844 ; received his early education in the schools 
 of his native country, but took to the sea in I860, 
 following the life of a .sailor until 1863, when, 
 coming to Philadelphia, he enlisted in the Gulf 
 Squadron of the United States. After the war, 
 he came to Chicago, and, after reading law for 
 some time in the office of James L. High, gradu- 
 ated from the Law Department of the Chicago 
 University in 1871. Some years later he was 
 appointed Prosecuting Attorney for some of the 
 lower courts, and, in 1881, was nominated by the 
 Judges of Cook County as one of the Justices of 
 the Peace for the city of Chicago. In 1894 he 
 became the Republican candidate for Congress 
 from the Fourth District and was elected, but 
 failed to .secure a renomination in 1896. Died, in 
 Elgin Asylum for the Insane, March 18, 1898. 
 
 WOODS, Robert Mann, was born at Greenville, 
 Pa., April 17, 1840; came with his parents to Illi- 
 nois in 1843, the family settling at Barry, Pike 
 County, but subsequently residing at Pittsfield, 
 Canton and Galesbin-g. He was educated at 
 Knox College in the latter place, which was his 
 home from 1849 to '5S; later, taught school in 
 Iowa and Missouri until 18(51, when he went to 
 Ki>ringfield and began the study of law with 
 Milton Hay and Shelby M. Cullom. His law 
 studies having been interrupted by the Civil 
 War, after sjjending some time in the mustering 
 and disbursing office, he was promoted by Gov- 
 ernor Yates to a place in the executive office, 
 from which he went to the field as Adjutant of 
 the Sixty-fourth Illinois Infantry, known as the 
 "Yates Shar|)-Sli()oters. " After ])ar(jci])ating, 
 with the Army of the Tennes.seo, in the Atlanta 
 (%'inipaign, ho took j)art in the "Mari^h to the 
 Sea," and the campaign in the Carolinas, inchid- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 599 
 
 ing the siege of Savannah and the forcing of the 
 Salkahatchie, where he distinguished liimself, as 
 also in the taking of Columbia, Fayetteville, 
 Cheraw, Raleigh and Bentonville. At the latter 
 place he had a liorse shot under him and won the 
 brevet rank of Major for gallantry in the field, 
 having previously been commissioned Captain of 
 Company A of his regiment. He also served on 
 the staffs of Gens. Giles A. Smith, Benjamin F. 
 Potts, and William W. Belknap, and was the last 
 mustering officer in General Sherman's army. 
 In 1867 Major Woods removed to Chicago, where 
 he was in business for a number of years, serving 
 as chief clerk of Custom House construction 
 from 1872 to 1877. In 1879 he purchased "The 
 Daily Republican" at Joliet, which he conducted 
 successfully for fifteen years. While connected 
 with "The Republican," he served as Secretary of 
 the Illinois Republican Press Association and in 
 various other positions. 
 
 Major Woods was one of the founders of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic, whose birth-place 
 was in Illinois. (See Grand Army of the Rejmb- 
 lic; also Stephenson, Dr. B. F.) When Dr. 
 Stephenson (who had been Surgeon of the Four- 
 teenth Illinois Infantry), conceived the idea of 
 founding such an order, he called to his assist- 
 ance Major Woods, who was then engaged in 
 writing the histories of Illinois regiments for the 
 A^djutant-General's Report. The Major wrote 
 the Constitution and By-laws of the Order, the 
 charter blanks for all the reports, etc. The first 
 official order bears his name as the first Adjutant- 
 General of the Order, as follows : 
 
 hkanquarters department of illinois 
 Grand Akmy of the Kepublic. 
 
 Spkinofield, III., April 1, 1866. 
 General Orders / 
 
 No. 1. ) The following named officers are hereby 
 
 appointed and assigned to duty at these lieadquarters. They 
 will be obeyed and respected accordingly: 
 Colonel Jules C. Webber, A.D.C. and Chief of Staff. 
 Colonel John M. Snyder, Quartermaster-General. 
 Major Robert BI. Woods, Adjutant-General. 
 Captain John A. Lightfoot, Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 Cap'ain John S. Phelps, Aid-de-Camp. 
 By order of B. F. Stephenson, Department Commander. 
 
 Robert M. Woods, 
 
 Adjutant-General. 
 
 Major Woods afterwards organized the various 
 Departments in the West, and it has been con- 
 ceded that he furnished the money necessary to 
 carry on the work during the first six months of 
 the existence of the Order. He has never 
 accepted a nomination or run for any political 
 office, but is now engaged in financial business in 
 Joliet and Chicago, with his residence in the 
 iormer place. 
 
 WOODSON, David Meade, lawyer and jurist, 
 was born in Jes.samine County, Ky., May 18, 
 1806; was educated in private schools and at 
 Transylvania University, and read law with his 
 father. He served a term in the Kentucky Legis- 
 lature in 1832, and, in 1834, removed to Illinois, 
 settling at CarroUton, Greene County. In 1839 
 he was elected State's Attorney and, in 1840, a 
 member of the lower house of the Legisiature, 
 being elected a second time in 1868. In 1843 he 
 was the Whig candidate for Congress in the 
 Fifth District, but was defeated by Stephen A. 
 Douglas. He was a member of the Constitutional 
 Conventions of 1847 and 1869-70. In 1848 he was 
 elected a Judge of the First Judicial Circuit, 
 remaining in office until 1867. Died, in 1877. 
 
 WOODSTOCK, the county-seat of McHenry 
 County, situated on the Chicago & Northwestern 
 Railway, about 51 miles northwest of Chicago 
 and 32 miles east of Rockford. It contains a 
 court house, eight churches, four banks, three 
 newspaper offices, foundry and machine shops, 
 planing mills, canning works, pickle, cheese and 
 butter factories. The Oliver Typewriter Factory 
 is located here; the town is also the seat of the 
 Todd Seminary for boys. Population (1890), 
 1,683; (1900), 2,502. 
 
 WORCESTER, Linus E., State Senator, was 
 born in Windsor, Vt., Dec. 5, 1811, was educated 
 in the common schools of his native State and at 
 Chester Academy, came to Illinois in 1836, and, 
 after teaching three years, entered a dry-goods 
 store at Whitehall as clerk, later becoming a 
 partner. He was also engaged in various other 
 branches of business at different times, including 
 the drug, hardware, grocery, agricultm'al imple- 
 ment and lumber business. In 1843 he was 
 appointed Postmaster at Whitehall, serving 
 twelve years; was a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of 1847, served as County Judge for 
 six years from 1853, and as Trustee of the Insti- 
 tution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville, 
 from 1859, by successive reappointments, for 
 twelve years. In 1856 he was elected, as a Demo- 
 crat, to the State Senate, to succeed John M. 
 Palmer, resigned ; was re-elected in 1860, and, at 
 the session of 1865, was one of the five Demo- 
 cratic members of that body who voted for the 
 ratification of the Emancipation Amendment of 
 the National Constitution. He was elected 
 County Judge a second time, in 1863, and re- 
 elected in 1867, served as delegate to the Demo- 
 cratic National Convention of 1876, and, for more 
 than thirty years, was one of the Directors of the 
 Jacksonville branch of the Chicago & Alton 
 
600 
 
 IIISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Railroad, serving from the organization of the 
 corporation until his death, which occurred Oct. 
 19, 1S91. 
 
 WORDEN, a village of Madison County, on the 
 Wabash and the Jacksonville, Louisville & St. 
 Louis Railways, 32 miles northeast of St. Louis. 
 Population (1890), 522; (1900), 544 
 
 WORLD'S COLUMBIAX EXPOSITION. An 
 exhibition of the scientific, liberal and mechan- 
 ical arts of all nations, held at Chicago, between 
 May 1 and Oct. 31, 1893. The project had its 
 inception in November, 1885, in a resolution 
 adopted by the directorate of the Chicago Inter- 
 State Exposition Company. On July G, 1888, the 
 first well defined action was taken, the Iroquois 
 Club, of Chicago, inviting the co-operation of six 
 other leading clubs of that city in "securing the 
 location of an international celebration at Chi- 
 cago of the 400th anniversarj' of the discovery of 
 America by Colmnbus. '" In July, 1889, a decisive 
 step was taken in the appointment by Mayor 
 Cregier, under resolution of the City Council, of 
 a committee of 100 (afterwards increased to 256) 
 citizens, who were charged with the duty of 
 promoting the selection of Chicago as the site for 
 the Exposition. New York, Washington and St. 
 Louis were competing points, but the choice of 
 Congress fell upon Chicago, and the act establish- 
 ing the World's Fair at that city was signed by 
 President Harrison on April 25, 1890. Under the 
 retjuireinents of the law, the President .appointed 
 eight Comniissioners-at-large, with two Commis- 
 sioners and two alternates from each State and 
 Territorj- and the Di.strict of Columbia. Col. 
 Ge<jrge R. Davis, of Cliicago, was elected Direc- 
 tor-General by the bodj^ tlms constituted. Ex- 
 Senator Thomas M. Palmer, of Micliigan, was 
 chosen President of tlie Commission and John T. 
 Dickinson, of Texas, Secretary. This Commis- 
 sion delegated mucli of its i)ovver to a Board of 
 Reference and Control, who were instructed to 
 act with a similar number appointed by tlie 
 World's ColuMibi.in E.xjiosition. Tlio latter 
 organization was an incorporation, with a dinic- 
 tonit<' of forty-five nutmbers, ehn^ted annually by 
 the stockholders. Lyman J. Gage, of Chicago, 
 was tJie first President of the corjioration, and 
 was succeeded by W. T. Baker and Harlow N. 
 IligiiitKilIiam. 
 
 Tn addition t4> these lK>dies, certain powers were 
 ve«t<?d in a Ikmrd of Lady Managers, composed 
 of twr) menitH^rs, witli alternates, from (jacli 
 KUite and Territory, Itesides nine from tlie city 
 of Chif»Ko. Mrs. VotU'.r Palmer was clioscn 
 I'reMJdeiit of tin- l.'itler. Tliis Board was particu- 
 
 larly charged with supervision of women's par- 
 ticipation in the Exposition, and of the exhibits 
 of women's work. 
 
 The supreme executive power was vested in 
 the Joint Board of Control. The site selected 
 was Jackson Park, in the South Division of Chi- 
 cago, with a strip connecting Jackson and 
 Washington Parks, known as the "Midway 
 Plaisance," which was surrendered to "conces- 
 sionaires" who purchased the privilege of giving 
 exhibitions, or conducting restaurants or selling- 
 booths thereon. The total area of the site was 
 633 acres, and that of the buildings — not reckon- 
 ing those erected by States other than IlUnois, 
 and by foreign governments — was about 200 
 acres. When to this is added the acreage of the 
 foreign and State buildings, the total space 
 under roof approximated 250 acres. These fig- 
 ures do not include the buildings erected by 
 private exhibitors, caterers and venders, which 
 would add a small percentage to the grand total. 
 Forty-seven foreign Governments made appropri- 
 ations for the erection of their own buildings and 
 other expenses connected with official represen- 
 tation, and there were exhibitors from eighty-six 
 nations. The United States Government erected 
 its own building, and appropriated $500,000 to 
 defray the expenses of a national exhibit, besides 
 $2,500,000 toward the general cost of the Exposi- 
 tion. The appropriations by foreign Governments 
 aggregated about $6,500,000, and those by the 
 States and Territories, §6,120,000— that of Illinois 
 being $800,000. The entire outlay of the World's 
 Columbian Exposition Company, up to March 31, 
 1894, including the cost of preliminary organiza- 
 tion, construction, operating and post-Exposition 
 expenses, was 127,151,800. This is, of course, 
 exclusive of foreign and State expenditures, 
 which would swell the aggregate ciost to nearly 
 §45,000,000. Citizens of Chicago subscribed 
 §5,608,206 toward the capital stock of the Exposi- 
 tion Company, and the municipality, §5,000,000, 
 wlii(;h was raised by the sale of bonds. (See 
 Til irti/.si.rfh Gnicral Asscmblij. ) 
 
 Tlie site, while admirably adapted to the pur- 
 ])ose, was, wlien chosen, a marshy flat, crossed 
 by low sand ridges, upon which stood occasional 
 clumps of stunted scrub oaks. Before tlie gates 
 of the great fair were opened to the public, the 
 •uitire area had been traiisi'oriiied into a dream of 
 beauty. Marslies liad lioeii drained, filled in and 
 sodded; driv(!ways and broad walks constructed ; 
 artidcia! ponds and lagoons dug and ((iiibaiiked, 
 and all the liiglicst skill of the landscape garden- 
 ers art liid been called into ])lay to produce 
 
MAP OF 
 
 THE GROUNDS OF THE 
 
 yiofi^ys poj^uM^iA]^ Exj'opijioj^ 
 
 AT 
 
 Jackson Park 
 
 showing the General Arrangement 
 
 of 
 
 Buildings and Grounda 
 
 1893. 
 
 t^ 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 601 
 
 viiried and striking effects. But the task had 
 been a Herculean one. There were seventeen 
 principal (or, as they may be called, depart- 
 mental) buildings, all of beautiful and ornate 
 design, and all of vast size. They were known 
 as the Manufacturers' and Liberal Arts, the 
 Machinery, Electrical, Transi^ortation, Woman's, 
 Horticultural, Mines and Mining, Anthropolog- 
 ical, Administration, Art Galleries, Agricultural, 
 Art Institute, Fisheries, Live Stock, Dairy and 
 Forestry buildings, and the Music Hall and Ca- 
 f no. Several of these had large annexes. The 
 ' lanufacturers' Building was the largest. It was 
 ectangular (1687x787 feet), having a ground 
 area of 31 acres and a floor and gallery area of 
 44 acres. Its central chamber was 1280x380 
 feet, with a nave 107 feet wide, both hall and 
 nave being surrounded by a gallery 50 feet wide. 
 It was four times as large as the Roman Coliseum 
 and three times as large as St. Petei-"s at Rome ; 
 17,000,000 feet of lumber, 13,000,000 pounds of 
 steel, and 2,000,000 pounds of iron had been used 
 in its construction, involving a cost of §1,800,000. 
 It was originally intended to open the Exposi- 
 tion, formally, on Oct. 21, 1892, the quadri-centen- 
 nial of Columbus' discovery of land on the 
 Western Hemisphere, but the magnitude of the 
 undertaking rendered this impracticable. Con- 
 sequently, while dedicatory ceremonies were held 
 on that day, preceded by a monster procession and 
 followed by elaborate pyrotechnic displays at 
 night, May 1, 1893, was fixed as the opening day 
 — the machinery and fountains being put in oper- 
 ation, at the touch of an electric button by Presi- 
 dent Cleveland, at the close of a short address. 
 The total number of admissions from that date 
 to Oct. 31, was 27,530,460 — the largest for any 
 .single day being on Oct. 9 (Chicago Day) amount- 
 ing to 761,944. The total receipts from all sources 
 (including National and State appropriations, 
 subscriptions, etc.), amounted to 828,151,168.75, 
 of which §10,626,330.76 was from the sale of tick 
 ets, and §3,699,581.43 from concessions. Tho 
 aggregate attendance fell short of that at the 
 Paris Exposition of 1889 by about 500,000, while 
 the receipts from the sale of tickets and con- 
 cessions exceeded the latter by nearly §5,800,000. 
 Subscribers to the Exposition stock received a 
 return of ten per cent on the same. 
 
 The IlUnois building was the first of the State 
 buildings to be completed. It was also the 
 largest and most costly, but was severely criti- 
 cised from an architectural standpoint. The 
 exhibits showed the internal resources of the 
 State, as well as the development of its govern- 
 
 mental system, and its progress in civilization 
 from the days of tlie first pioneers. The entire 
 Illinois exhibit in tlie State building was under 
 charge of the State Board of Agriculture, who 
 devoted one-tenth of the appropriation, and a like 
 proportion of floor space, to the exhibition of the 
 work of Illinois women as scientists, authors, 
 artists, decorators, etc. Among special features 
 of the Illinois exhibit were : State trophies and 
 relics, kept in a fire-proof memorial hall ; the dis- 
 play of grains and minerals, and an immense 
 topographical map (prepared at a cost of §15,000), 
 drafted on a scale of two miles to the inch, show- 
 ing the character and resources of the State, and 
 correcting many serious cartographical errors 
 previously undiscovered. 
 
 WORTHEN, Amos Henry, scientist and State 
 Geologist, was born at Bradford, Vt., Oct. 31, 
 1813, emigrated to Kentucky in 1834, and, in 1836, 
 removed to Illinois, locating at Warsaw. Teach- 
 ing, surveying and mercantile business were his 
 pursuits until 1842, when he returned to the 
 East, spending two years in Boston, but return- 
 ing to Warsaw in 1844. His natural predilections 
 were toward the natural sciences, and, after 
 coming we-st, he devoted most of his leisure time 
 to the collection and study of specimens of 
 mineralogy, geology and conchology. On the 
 organization of the geological survey of Illinois 
 in 1851, he was appointed assistant to Dr. J. G. 
 Norwood, then State Geologist, and, in 1858, suc- 
 ceeded to the office, having meanwhile spent 
 three years as Assistant Geologist in the first Iowa 
 survey. As State Geologist he published seven 
 volumes of reports, and was engaged upon the 
 eighth when overtaken by death, May 6, 1888. 
 These reports, which are as comprehensive as 
 they are voluminous, have been reviewed and 
 warmly commended by the leading scientific 
 periodicals of this country and Em-ope. In 1877 
 field work was discontinued, and the State His- 
 torical Library and Natural History Museum were 
 established. Professor Worthen being placed in 
 charge as curator. He was the author of various 
 valuable scientific papers and member of numer- 
 ous scientific societies in this country and in 
 Europe. 
 
 WORTHIXGTOIV, IVicholas Ellsworth, ex-Con- 
 gressman, was born in Brooke County, W. Va., 
 March 30, 1836, and completed his education at 
 Allegheny College, Pa. , studied Law at Morgan- 
 town, Va. , and was admitted to the bar in 1860. 
 He is a resident of Peoria, and, by profession, a 
 lawyer; was County Superintendent of Schools 
 of Peoria County from 1868 to 1872, and a mem- 
 
602 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ber of the State Board of Education from 1869 to 
 1872. In 1882 he was elected to Congress, as a 
 Democrat, from the Tenth Congressional District, 
 and re-elected in 1884. In 188G he was again a 
 candidate, but was defeated by his Republican 
 opponent, Philip Sidney Post. He was elected 
 Circuit Judge of the Tentli Judicial District in 
 1891, and re-elected in 1897. In 1894 he served 
 upon a commission appointed by President Cleve- 
 land, to investigate the labor strikes of that year 
 at Chicago. 
 
 WRIGHT, John Stephen, manufacturer, was 
 born at Sheffield, Mass., July 16, 1815; came to 
 Chicago in 1832, with his father, who opened a 
 store in that city ; in 1837, at his own expense, 
 built the first school building in Chicago; in 1840 
 established "The Prairie Farmer," which he con- 
 ducted for many j-ears in the interest of popular 
 education and progressive agriculture. In 1852 
 he engaged in the manufacture of Atkins' self- 
 raking reaper and mower, was one of the pro- 
 moters of the Galena & Chicago Union and the 
 Illinois Central Railways, and wrote a volume 
 entitled, "Chicago: Past, Present and Future," 
 published in 1870. Died, in Cliicago, Sept. 26, 1874. 
 
 WULFF, Henry, ex-State Treasurer, was born 
 in Meldorf, (lennany, August 24, 1854; came to 
 Chicago in 1863, and began liis political career as 
 a Tru-stee of the town of Jelfei-son. In 1866 he 
 was elected County Clerk of Cook County, and 
 re-elected in 1890; in 1894 became the Republican 
 nominee for State Treasurer, receiving, at tlie 
 November election of that year, tlie unprece- 
 dented plurality of 133,427 votes over his Demo- 
 cratic opponent. 
 
 WYANET, a town of Bureau County, at the 
 intersection of the Chicago, Pjurlington & Quincy 
 and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railways, 
 7 miles southwest of Princeton. Population 
 (1890). 070; (1900), 902. 
 
 WYLIE, (Kev.) Samuel, domestic missionary, 
 born in Ireland and came to America in boyhood ; 
 wa.s educated at the University of Penn.sylvania 
 and the Thef)l()gical Seminary of tlie Reformed 
 rre.sbyterian Churidi, and ordained in IHIH. 
 S<X)n iifter this he cjime west as <a domestic mi.s- 
 Hionary anil, in 1H20, Ix-came ])a.stor of a churc^h 
 at Klutrtu, III., wlu-re lie n^maiiuMl until his death, 
 Mar(;li 20, 1H72, after a jMistorato of 52 years. 
 During IiIh paHtorate tli<3 churcli sent out a dozen 
 colonies t*) form new <'hurcli r)rgani7,ations else- 
 where. He Ih deHcribod as able, ohxiuent and 
 Bcholarly. 
 
 WYMAN, (Col.) John It., soldier, was born in 
 KaHMU'.UuM'tlH, July 12, 1817, and educated in tlxi 
 
 schools of that State until 14 years of age, wbh' 
 he became a clerk in a clothing store in his nave 
 town of Shrewsbury, later being associated ^'th 
 mercantile establishments in Cincinnati, .jd 
 again in his native State. From 184G to 185(he 
 was emploj'ed successively as a clerk in thenar 
 and machine shops at Springfield, Mass., the) as 
 Superintendentof Construction, and, later, ascn- 
 ductor on the New York & New Haven Railrod, 
 finally, in 1850, becoming Superintendent of he 
 Connecticut River Railroad. In 1852 he enteid 
 the service of the Illinois Central Railroad Coa- 
 pany, assisting in the survey and construction .f 
 the line imder Col. R. B. Ma.son, the Chief Eng- 
 neer, and finally becoming Assistant Superin 
 tendent of the Northern Division. He was om 
 of the original proprietors of the town of Amboj', 
 in Lee County, and its first Mayor, also serving 
 a second term. Having a fondness for military 
 affairs, he was usually connected with some mili- 
 tary organization — while in Cincinnati being 
 attached to a compan}-, of which Prof. 0. M. 
 Mitchell, the celebrated astronomer (afterwards 
 Major-General Mitchell), was Captain. After 
 coming to Illinois he became Captain of the Chi- 
 cago Light Guards. Having lef*^^ the employ of 
 the Railroaol in 1858, he was in private business 
 at Amboj' at the beginning of the Civil War in 
 1861. As Assistant-Adjutant General, by appoint- 
 ment of Governor Yates, he rendered valuable 
 service in the early weeks of the war in securing 
 arms from Jefferson Barracks and in the organi- 
 zation of the three-months' regiments. Then, 
 having organized the Thirteenth Illinois Volun- 
 teer Infantry — tlie first organized in the State 
 for the three years' service — he was commis- 
 sioned its Colonel, and, in July following, entered 
 upon the duty of guarding the railroad lines in 
 Southwest Missouri and Arkansas. The follow- 
 ing year his regiment was attached to General 
 Sherman's command in the first campaign 
 against Vicksburg. On the second day of the 
 Battle of Chickasaw Biiyou, he fell mortally 
 wounded, dying on the field, Dec. 28, 1862. Colo- 
 nel Wyiiian was one of the most accomplished 
 and ijromising of the volunteer soliliers sent to 
 the field from Illinois, of whom so many were 
 former eiiiployes of the Illinois Central Rail- 
 roaii. 
 
 WYOMING, a town of Stark County, 31 miles 
 nortli-Morthvvest from Peoria, at the junction of 
 the Peoria branch Rock Island & Pacific and the 
 Riishvillo branch of the Chicago, Burlington & 
 yuiiKry Railway; has two higli schools, clun-chea, 
 two banks, Hour Miills, water-works, machine 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 603 
 
 shop, and two weekly newspapers. Coal is mined 
 here. Pop. (1890), 1,116; (1900), 1,277. 
 
 XEXIA, a village of Clay County, on the Balti- 
 more & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 87 miles 
 east of St. Louis. Population (1900), 800. 
 
 YATES CITY, a village of Knox County, at the 
 junction of the Peoria Division of the Chicago, 
 BurHngton & Quincy Railroad, with the Rushville 
 branch, 23 miles southeast of Galesburg. The 
 town has banks, a coal mine, telephone exchange, 
 school, churches and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 
 687; (1900), 650. 
 
 YATES, Henry, pioneer, was born in Caroline 
 County, Va., Oct. 29, 1780 — bejng a grand-nepliew 
 of Chief Justice John Marshall : removed to Fa- 
 yette County, Ky., where he located and laid out 
 the town of Warsaw, which afterwards became 
 the county-seat of Gallatin County. In 1831 he 
 removed to Sangamon County, 111., and, in 1832, 
 settled at the site of the present town of Berlin, 
 which he laid out the following year, also laying 
 out the town of New Berlin, a few years later, on 
 the line of the Wabash Railway. He was father 
 of Gov. Richard Yates. Died, Sept. 13, 1865.— 
 Henry (Yates), Jr., son of the preceding, was born 
 at Berlin, 111., March 7, 1835; engaged in merchan- 
 dising at New Berlin ; in 1862, raised a company 
 of volunteers for the One Hundred and Sixth 
 Regiment Illinois Infantry, was appointed Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel and brevetted Colonel and Briga- 
 dier-Genei'al. He was accidentally shot in 1863, 
 and suffered sun-stroke at Little Rock, from 
 which he never fully recovered. Died, August 
 3, 1871. 
 
 YATES, Richard, former Governor and United 
 States Senator, was born at Warsaw, Ky., Jan. 
 18, 1815, of English descent. In 1831 he accom- 
 panied his father to Illinois, the family settling 
 first at Springfield and later at Berlin, Sangamon 
 County. He soon after entered Illinois College, 
 from which he graduated in 1835, and subse- 
 quently read law with Col. John J. Hardin, at 
 Jacksonville, which thereafter became his home. 
 In 1842 he was elected Representative in the Gen- 
 eral Assembly from Morgan County, and was 
 re-elected in 1844, and again in 1848. In 1850 he 
 was a candidate for Congress from the Seventh 
 District and elected over Maj. Thomas L. Harris, 
 the previous incumbent, being the only Whig 
 Representative in the Thirty-second Congress 
 from Illinois. Two years later he was re-elected 
 over John Calhoun, but was defeated, in 1854, 
 l)y his old opponent, Harris. He was one of the 
 
 most vigorous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska 
 Bill in the Thirty-third Congress, and an early 
 participant in the movement for the organization 
 of the Republican party to resist the further 
 extension of .slavery, being a prominent speaker, 
 on the same platform with Lincoln, before the 
 first Rep)ublican State Convention held at Bloom- 
 ington, in May, 1856, and serving as one of the 
 Vice-Presidents of that body. In 1860 he was 
 elected to the executive chair on the ticket 
 headed by Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency, 
 and, by his energetic support of the National 
 administration in its measures for the suppression 
 of the Rebellion, won the sobriquet of "tlie Illi- 
 nois War-Governor." In 1865 he was elected 
 United States Senator, serving until 1871. He 
 died suddenly, at St. Louis, Nov. 27, 1873, while 
 returning from Arkansas, whither he had gone, 
 as a United States Commissioner, by appointment 
 of President Grant, to inspect a land -subsidy 
 railroad. He was a man of rare ability, earnest- 
 ness of purpose and extraordinary personal mag- 
 netism, as well as of a lofty order of patriotism. 
 His faults were those of a nature generous, 
 impulsive and warm-hearted. 
 
 YORKVILLE, the county-seat of Kendall 
 County, on Fox River and Streator Division of 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 12 miles 
 southwest of Aurora; on interurban electric line; 
 has water-power, electric lights, a bank, churches 
 and weekly newspaper. Pop. (1890) 375; (1900),413. 
 
 YOU NO, Brigliam, Mormon leader, was born 
 at Whittingham, Vt., June 1, 1801, joined the 
 Mormons in 1831 and, the next year, became asso- 
 ciated with Joseph Smith, at Kirtland, Ohio, and, 
 in 1835, an "apostle." He accompanied a con- 
 siderable body of that sect to Independence, Mo. , 
 but was driven out with them in 1837, settling 
 for a short time at Quincy, 111., but later remov- 
 ing to Nauvoo, of which he was one of the foun- 
 ders. On the assassination of Smith, in 1844, he 
 became the successor of the latter, as head of the 
 Mormon Church, and, the following year, headed 
 the exodus from Illinois, which finally resulted in 
 the Mormon settlement in Utah. His subsequent 
 career there, where he was appointed Governor 
 by President Fillmore, and, for a time, success- 
 fully defied national authority, is a matter of 
 national rather than State history. He remained 
 at the head of the Mormon Church until his 
 death at Salt Lake City, August 29, 1877. 
 
 YOUNG, Richard Montgomery, United States 
 Senator, was born in Kentucky in 1796, studied 
 law and removed to Jonesboro, 111., where he was 
 admitted to the bar in 1817; served in the Second 
 
60-t 
 
 HISTOI^ICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Greneral Assembly (1820-22) as Representative 
 from Union County ; was a Circuit Judge, 1825-27; 
 Presidential Elector in 1828; Circuit Judge again, 
 1829-37; elected United States Senator in 1837 as 
 successor to W. L. D. Ewiug, serving until 1843, 
 when lie was commissioned Justice of the Su- 
 preme Court, Dut resigned in 1847 to become 
 Commissioner of the General Land Office at 
 Washington. During the session of 1850-51, he 
 served as Clerk of the Xatioual House of Repre- 
 sentatives. Died, in an insane asj'lum, in Wash- 
 ington, in 1853. 
 
 YOUXG MEN'S CHRISTIAiV ASSOCIATION, 
 first permanently organized at Chicago, in 1858, 
 although desultory movements of a kindred char- 
 acter had previously been started at Peoria, 
 Quincy, Chicago and Springfield, some as early 
 as 1854. From 1858 to 1872, various associations 
 ■were formed at different points throughout the 
 State, which were entirely independent of each 
 other. The first effort looking to union and 
 mutual aid, was made in 1872, when Robert 
 Weidenstvll, on behalf of the International Com- 
 mittee, called a convention, to meet at Blooming- 
 ton, November 6-9. State conventions have been 
 held annually since 1873. In that of 1875, steps 
 were taken looking to the appointment of a 
 State Secretary, and, in 1876, Charles M. Morton 
 assumed the office. Much evangelistic work was 
 done, and new a.s.sociations formed, the total 
 numljer reported at the Champaign Convention, 
 in 1877, Ijeing sixty-two. After one year's work 
 Mr. Jlorton resigned tlie secretaryship, the office 
 remaining vacant for three j'ears. The question 
 of the appointment of a successor was discussed 
 at the Decatur Convention in 1879, and, in April, 
 1880, I. B. Brown was made State Secretary, and 
 has occupied the position to the present time 
 (1890). At the date of liis ai)])()intinent the 
 official figures showed sixteen associations in Illi- 
 nois, with a total iiiemlx-rship of 2,413. and prop- 
 erty valued at Si 26,. 500, iiuiluding building funds, 
 the associations at Chicago and Aurora owning 
 buildings. Tliirt(M'n officers were employed, 
 none of tlieni Ixniig in Chicago. Since 1880 the 
 work ha.s steiwlily grown, so that five A.ssistant 
 .State Se<T<'tiiri(is are now employed. In 1886, a 
 plan for arnmging the .State work under depart- 
 menUiI adniinistriition was devised, l)ut not jmt 
 in oiKTatinn until 1H!>0. Tlio j)res«'nt six dcjiart- 
 tnents of nuixtrviHion are: (jencral Supervision, 
 in charge of tlie State Sjx-retary and his A.ssist- 
 ant*; railroa<l and f^ity work; counties and 
 townn; work aiiir)ng Htiidi;ntH; corresponding 
 mcmbenihip dcpartniont, and office work. Tixt 
 
 two last named are under one executive head, 
 but each of the others in charge of an Assistant 
 Secretary, who is responsible for its develoi^ment 
 The entire work is under the supervision of a 
 State Executive Committee of twenty-seven 
 members, one-third of whom are elected annually. 
 Willis H. Herrick of Chicago has been its chair- 
 man for several years. This body is appointed 
 by a State convention composed of delegates 
 from the local Associations. Of these there were, 
 in October, 1898, 116, with a membership of 
 15,888. The value of the property owned was 
 $2,500,000. Twenty -two occupy their own build- 
 ings, of which five are for railroad men and one 
 for students. Weekly gatherings for young men 
 numbered 248, and there are now representatives 
 or correspondents in 665 comniunities where no 
 organization has been effected. Scientific phys- 
 ical culture is made a feature by 40 associations, 
 and educational work has been largely developed. 
 The enrollment in evening classes, during 1898-99, 
 was 978. The building of the Cliicago branch 
 (erected in 1893) is the finest of its class in the 
 world. Recently a successful association has 
 been formed among coal miners, and another 
 among the first grade boys of the Illinois State 
 Reformatory, while an extensive work has been 
 conducted at the camps of the Illinois National 
 Guard. 
 
 ZANE, Charles S., lawyer and jurist, was born 
 in Cumberland County, N. J., March 2, 1831, of 
 English and New England stock. At the age of 
 19 he emigrated to Sangamon County, 111., for a 
 time working on a farm and at brick-making. 
 From 1852 to '55 he attended McKendree College, 
 but did not graduate, and, on leaving college, 
 engaged in teaching, at the same time reading 
 law. In 1857 he was admitted to the bar and 
 commenced practice at Springfield. The follow- 
 ing year he was elected City Attorney. lie had 
 for partners, at different times, William H. 
 Herndon (once a partner of Abraham Lincoln) 
 and Senator Shelby M. Cullom. In 1873 he was 
 elected a .Judge of the Circuit Court for the Fifth 
 Judicial Circuit, and was re-elected in 1879. In 
 1883 President Arthur ajipointod him Chief Jus- 
 tice of Utah, wliere lie has since resided, tliough 
 supersed(!il by the appointment of a suc^ces.sor by 
 President CUiveland. At the first State elec- 
 tion in Utali, held in November, 1895, he was 
 cho.sen one of the .Judges of the Supreme Court 
 of the new Commonwealth, but w.as defeated 
 for re-election, by his Democratic opponent, in 
 1H98. 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 The following matter, received too late for insertion in the body of this worli, is added in the form of a supplement. 
 
 COGHLAN, (Capt.) Joseph Bullock, naval 
 officer, was born in Kentucky, and, at the age of 
 15 years, came to Illinois, living on a farm for a 
 time near Carlyle, in Clinton County. In 1860 he 
 was appointed by his uncle, Hon. Philip B. 
 Fouke — then a Representative in Congress from 
 the Belleville District — to the Naval Academy at 
 Annapolis, graduating in 1863, and being pro- 
 moted through the successive grades of Ensign, 
 Master, Lieutenant, Lieutenant-Commander, and 
 Commander, and serving upon various vessels 
 until Nov. 18, 1893, when he was commissioned 
 Captain and, in 1897, assigned to the command 
 of the battleship Raleigh, on the Asiatic Station. 
 He was thus connected with Admiral Dewey's 
 squadron at the beginning of the Spanish-Ameri- 
 can War, and took a conspicuous and brilliant part 
 in the affair in Manila Bay, on May 1, 1898, which 
 resulted in the destruction of the Spanish fleet. 
 Captain Coghlan's connection with subsequent 
 events in the Philippines was in the highest 
 degree creditable to himself and the country. 
 His vessel (the Raleigh) was the first of Admiral 
 Dewey's squadron to return home, coming by 
 way of the Suez Canal, in the summer of 1899, he 
 and his crew receiving an immense ovation on 
 their arrival in New York harbor. 
 
 CRANE, (Rev.) James Lyons, clergyman, 
 army chaplain, was born at Mt. Eaton, Wayne 
 Coxmty, Ohio, August 30, 1823, united with the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church at Cincinnati in 
 1841, and, coming to Edgar County, Illinois, in 
 1843, attended a seminary at Paris some three 
 years. He joined the Illinois Conference in 1846, 
 and was assigned to the Danville circuit, after- 
 wards presiding over charges at Grandview, Hills- 
 boro, Alton, Jacksonville, and Springfield — at the 
 last two points being stationed two or more 
 times, besides serving as Presiding Elder of the 
 Paris, Danville, and Springfield Districts. The 
 importance of the stations which he filled during 
 his itinerant career served as evidence of his 
 recognized ability and popularity as a preacher. 
 
 In July, 1861, he was appointed Chaplain of the 
 Twenty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteers, at 
 that time commanded by Ulysses S. Grant as 
 Colonel, and, although he remained with the 
 regiment only a few months, the friendship then 
 established between him and the future com- 
 mander of the armies of the Union lasted through 
 their lives. This was shown by his appointment 
 by President Grant, in 1869, to the position of 
 Postmaster of the city of Springfield, which came 
 to him as a personal compliment, being re- 
 appointed four years afterwards and continuing 
 in office eight years. After retiring from tho 
 Springfield postoffice, he occupied charges at 
 Island Grove and Shelbyville, his death occurring 
 at the latter place, July 39, 1879, as the result of 
 an attack of paralysis some two weeks previous. 
 Mr. Crane was married in 1847 to Miss Elizabeth 
 Mayo, daughter of Col. J. Mayo — a prominent 
 citizen of Edgar County, at an early day— his 
 wife surviving him some twenty years. Rev. 
 Charles A. Crane and Rev. Frank Crane, pastors 
 of prominent Methodist churches in Boston and 
 Chicago, are sons of the subject of this sketch. 
 
 DAWES, Charles Gates, Comptroller of the 
 Treasury, was born at Marietta, Ohio, August 37, 
 1865; graduated from Marietta College in 1884, 
 and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1886; 
 worked at civil engineering dui'ing his vacations, 
 finally becoming Chief Engineer of the Toledo & 
 Ohio Railroad. Between 1887 and 1894 he waa 
 engaged in the practice of law at Lincoln, Neb., 
 but afterwards became interested in the gas busv 
 ness in various cities, including Evanston, 111. 
 which became his home. In 1896 he took a lead 
 ing part in securing instructions by the Republi 
 can State Convention at Springfield in favor of 
 the nomination of Mr. McKinley for the Presi- 
 dency, and during the succeeding campaign 
 served as a member of the National Republican 
 Committee for the State of Illinois. Soon after 
 the accession of President McKinley, he was 
 appointed Comptroller of the Treasury, a position 
 
 605 
 
606 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 which he now holds. Mr. Dawes is the son of 
 R. B. Dawes, a former Congressman from Ohio, 
 and the great-grandson of Manasseli Cutler, who 
 was an influential factor in the early history of 
 the Northwest Territory, and has been credited 
 with exerting a strong influence in shaping and 
 securing the adoption of the Ordinance of 1787. 
 
 DISTIN, (Col.) William L., former Depart- 
 ment Commander of Grand Army of the Repub- 
 lic for the State of Illinois, was born at 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 9, 1843, his father being of 
 English descent, while his maternal grandfather 
 was a Colonel of the Polish Lancers in the army 
 of the first Napoleon, who, after the exile of his 
 leader, came to America, settling in Indiana. 
 The father of the subject of this sketch settled at 
 Keokuk, Iowa, where the son grew to manhood 
 and in Februarj-, 1863, enlisted as a private in the 
 Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, having been twice 
 rejected previously on account of physical ail- 
 ment. Soon after enlistment he was detailed for 
 provost-marshal duty, but later took part with 
 his regiment in tlie campaign in Alabama. He 
 served for a time in the Fifteenth Army Corps, 
 under Gen. John A. Logan, was subsequently 
 detaileil for dutj' on the Staff of General Raum, 
 and participated in the battles of Resaca and 
 Tilton, Ga. Having l>een captured in the latter, 
 he was imprisoned successively at Jacksonville 
 ^Ga.), Montgomery, Savannah, and finally at 
 Andersonville. From the latter he succeeded in 
 effecting liis escai)e, but was recaptured and 
 returned to tliat famous prison-pen. Having 
 escaped a .second time by assvnniiig the name of 
 a dead man and bril)iiig tlie guard, lie was again 
 captureil and imi)risoned at various jioints in Jli.s- 
 sissippi until exclianged about tlie time of the 
 assassination of President Lincoln. He was then 
 BO weakened bj* his long confinement and scanty 
 fare tliat he liad to be carried on board tlie 
 steamer on a strott^lier. At tliis time lie narrowly 
 escajieil lieing on lioard the steamer Sultana, 
 whicli was blown up below Cairo, with 2,100 
 soldiers on lK)ar<l, a largi- jiroportionof whom lost 
 their lives. AfU-.r bding mustered out at Daven- 
 I»f)rt. Iowa, JiiiiH W, IhCm, lie was employed for a 
 tinm <»n the I)(^s Moines Valley Itiiilroad, and as a 
 nicH.H«MiKer and route agent of the United States 
 Express ComjMiny. In 1H73 he established him- 
 aelf in business in Quincy, III., in which ho 
 prove.! very suft-essful. Hero he Ixvtanie prom- 
 inent in \(>rii\ Grand Army r;irfles, and, in IHitO, 
 wiiH iinanimoiiHly elected Commander of the 
 I>e|»iirtment of IllinoiH. Previctiis to this he had 
 l»«on an ofliuer of the Illinois National Guard, and 
 
 served as Aid-de-Camp, with the rank of 
 Colonel, on the staff of Governors Hamilton, , 
 Oglesby and Fifer. In 1897 Colonel Distin was 
 ai)pointed by President McKinley Surveyor-Gen- 
 eral for the Territory of Alaska, a position which 
 (1899) he still holds. 
 
 DUMMER, Henry E., lawyer, was born at 
 Hallowell, Maine, April 9, 1808, was educated in 
 Bowdoin College, graduating there in the class of 
 1827, after which he took a course in law at Cam- 
 bridge Law School, and was soon after admitted 
 to the bar. Then, having spent some two years 
 in his native State, in 1832 he removed to Illinois, 
 settling first in Springfield, where he remained six 
 years, being for a part of the time a partner of 
 John T. Stuart, who afterwards became the first 
 partner in law of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Duni- 
 mer had a brother, Richard William Dummer, 
 who had preceded him to Illinois, living for a 
 time in Jacksonville. In 1838 he removed to 
 Beardstown, Cass County, which continued to be 
 his home for more than a quarter of a century. 
 During his residence there he served as Alder- 
 man, City Attorney and Judge of Probate for 
 Cass County ; also represented Cass County in the 
 Constitutional Convention of 1847, and, in 1860, 
 was elected State Senator in the Twenty-second 
 General Assembly, serving four years. Mr. 
 Dummer was an earnest Republican, and served 
 that party as a delegate for the State-at-large to 
 the Convention of 1864, at Baltimore, which 
 nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency a 
 second time. In 1864 he I'emoved to Jackson- 
 ville, and for the next year was the law partner 
 of David A. Smith, until the death of the latter 
 in 1865. In the summer of 1878 Mr. Dummer 
 went to Mackinac, Mich. , in search of health, but 
 died there August 13 of tliat yean 
 
 ECKELS, James H., ex-Comptroller of the 
 Currency, was born of Scotch-Irish parentage at 
 Princeton, 111., Nov. 22, 1858, was educated in 
 the common schools and the high school of his 
 native town, graduated from the Law School at 
 Albany, N. Y., in ISSl, and the following year 
 began jiractice at Ottawa, 111. Here he con- 
 tinued in active practice until 1893, when he was 
 ajipointed by President Cleveland Comptroller of 
 the Currency, serving until May 1, 1898, when he 
 resigned to acco|)t the iiresidency of the Com- 
 mercial National Rank of Chicago. Mr. Eckels 
 manifested such distinguishoil ability in the dis- 
 charge of his duties as C()m])troller that he 
 nuMuved the notable compliiiKMit of being 
 retained in ofTitu) by a Republican administration 
 more than a year after the retirement of Presi- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 607 
 
 dent Cleveland, while his selection for a place at 
 the iiead of one of the leading banking institu- 
 tions of Chicago was a no less marked recognition 
 of his abilities as a financier. He was a Delegate 
 from the Eleventh District to the National 
 Democratic Convention at Chicago in 1892, and 
 repiesented the same district in the Gold Demo- 
 cratic Convention at Indianapolis in 1896, and 
 assisted in framing the platform there adopted — 
 which indicated his views on the financial ques- 
 tions involved in the campaign of that year. 
 
 FIELD, Daniel, early merchant, was born in 
 Jefferson County, Kentucky, Nov. 30, 1790, and 
 settled at Golconda, 111., in 1818, djing there in 
 1855. He was a man of great enterprise, engaged 
 in merchandising, and became a large land- 
 holder, farmer and stock-grower, and an extensive 
 shipper of stock and produce to lower Mississippi 
 markets. He married Elizabeth Dailey of 
 Charleston, Ind., and raised a large family of 
 children, one of whom, Philip D., became Sheriffi 
 while another, John, was County Judge of Pope 
 County. His daughter, Maria, married Gen. 
 Green B. Raum, who became prominent as a 
 soldier during the Civil War and, later, as a mem- 
 ber of Congress and Commissioner of Internal 
 Revenue and Pension Commissioner in Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 FIELD, Green B., member of a pioneer family, 
 was born within the present limits of the State of 
 Indiana in 1787, served as a Lieutenant in the 
 War of 1812, was married in Bourbon County, 
 Kentucky, to Miss Mary E. Cogswell, the 
 daughter of Dr. Joseph Cogswell, a soldier of the 
 Revolutionary War, and, in 1817, removed to 
 Pope County, Illinois, where he laid off the town 
 of Golconda, which became the county-seat. He 
 served as a Representative from Pope County in 
 the First General Assembly (1818-20), and was 
 the father of Juliet C. Field, who became the 
 wife of John Raum ; of Edna Field, the wife of 
 Dr. Tarlton Dunn, and of Green B. Field, who 
 was a Lieutenant in Third Regiment Illinois 
 Volunteers during the Mexican War. Mr. Field 
 was the grandfather of Gen. Green B. Raum, 
 mentioned in the preceding paragraph. He died 
 of yellow fever in Louisiana in 1823. 
 
 GALE, Stephen Francis, first Chicago book- 
 seller and a railway promoter, was born at 
 Exeter, N. H. , March 8, 1812 ; at 15 years of age 
 became clerk in a leading book-store in Boston ; 
 came to Chicago in 1835, and soon afterwards 
 opened the first book and stationery establish- 
 ment in that city, which, in after years, gained 
 an extensive trade. In 1842 the firm of S. F. 
 
 Gale & Co. was organized, but Mr. Gale, having 
 become head of the Chicago Fire Department, 
 retired from business in 1845 As early as 1846 
 he was associated with W m. B. Ogden and John 
 B. Turner in the steps then being taken to revive 
 the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad (now a 
 part of the Chicago & Northwestern), and, in 
 conjunction with these gentlemen, became 
 responsible for the means to purchase the charter 
 and assets of the road from the Eastern bond- 
 holdei's. Later, he engaged in the construction 
 of the branch road from Turner Junction to 
 Aurora, became President of the line and ex- 
 tended it to Mendota to connect with the Illinois 
 Centi'al at that Point. These roads afterwards 
 became a part of the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy line. A number of years ago Mr. Gale 
 returned to his old home in New Hampshire, 
 where he has since resided. 
 
 HAY, John, early settler, came to the region of 
 Kaskaskia between 1790 and 1800, and became a 
 prominent citizen of St. Clair County. He was 
 selected as a member of the First Legislative 
 Council of Indiana Territory for St. Clair County 
 in 1805. In 1809 he was appointed Clerk of the 
 Common Pleas Court of St. Clair County, and 
 was continued in office after the organization of 
 the State Government, serving until his death at 
 Belleville in 1845. 
 
 HAYS, John, pioneer settler of Northwest Ter- 
 ritory, was a native of New York, who came to 
 Cahokia, in the "Illinois Country," in 1793, and 
 lived there the remainder of his life. His early 
 life had been spent in the fur-trade about Macki- 
 nac, in the Lake of the Woods region and about 
 tlie sources of the Mississippi. During the War 
 of 1812 he was able to furnish Governor Edwards 
 valuable information in reference to the Indians 
 in the Northwest. He filled the office of Post- 
 master at Cahokia for a number of years, and was 
 Sheriff of St. Clair County from 1798 to 1818. 
 
 MOULTOjV, (CoL) George M., soldier and 
 building contractor, was born at Readsburg, Vt., 
 March 15, 1851, came early in life to Chicago, and 
 was educated in the schools of that city. By pro- 
 fes.sion he is a contractor and builder, the firm of 
 which he is a member having been connected 
 with the construction of a number of large build- 
 ings, including some extensive grain elevators. 
 Colonel Moulton became a member of the Second 
 Regiment Illinois National Guard in June, 1884, 
 being elected to the office of Major, which he 
 retained until January, 1893, when he was 
 appointed Inspector of Rifle Practice on the staff 
 of General Wheeler. A year later he was com 
 
608 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 missioned Colonel of tlie regiment, a position 
 which he occupied at the time of the call by the 
 Presiileut for troops to serve in the Spanish- 
 American War in April, 1898. He i)romptly 
 answered the call, and was sworn into the United 
 States service at the head of his regiment early 
 in May. The regiment was almost immediately 
 ordered to Jacksonville, Fla., remaining there 
 and at Savannah, Ga., until earlj- in December, 
 when it was transferred to Havana, Cuba. Here 
 he was soon after appointed Chief of Police for 
 the city of Havana, remaining in office until the 
 middle of January, 1899, when lie returned to his 
 regiment, then stationed at Camp Columbia, near 
 the citj' of Havana. In the latter part of March 
 he returned with his regiment to Augusta, Ga., 
 where it was mustered out, April 26, 1899, one 
 jear from the date of its arrival at Springfield. 
 After leaving the service Colonel Moulton 
 resumed his business as a contractor. 
 
 SHERMA\, Lawrence Y., legislator and 
 Speiiker of the Forty-first General Assemblj', was 
 horn in Miami County, Ohio, Nov. 6, 1858; at 3 
 j-ears of age came to Illinois, his parents settling 
 at Industrj-, McDonough County. When he had 
 reached the age of 10 years he went to Jasper 
 County, where he grew to manhood, received his 
 education in the common schools and in the law 
 
 department of McKendree College, graduating 
 from the latter, and, in 1881, located. at Macomb, 
 McDonough County. Here lie began his career 
 by driving a team upon the street in order to 
 accumulate means enabling liini to devote his 
 entire attention to his chosen profession of law. 
 He soon took an active interest in politics, was 
 elected County Judge in 1886, and, at the expira- 
 tion of his term, formed a partnership with 
 George D. Tunnicliff'e and D. G. Tunnicliffe, 
 ex-Justice of the Supreme Court. In 1894 he was 
 a candidate for the Republican nomination for 
 Representative in the General Assembly, but 
 withdrew to prevent a split in the party; was 
 nominated and elected in 1896, and re-elected in 
 1898, and, at the succeeding session of the 
 Forty-first General Assembly, was nominated 
 by the Republican caucus and elected Speaker, 
 as he was again of the Forty-second in 1901. 
 
 VINYARD, Philip, early legislator, was born 
 in Pennsylvania in 1800, came to Illinois at an 
 early day, and settled in Pope County, which he 
 represented in the lower branch of the Tliirteenth 
 and Fourteenth General Assemblies. He married 
 Miss Matilda McCoy, the daughter of a prominent 
 Illinois pioneer, and served as Sherifl: of Pope 
 County for a number of years. Died, at Gol- 
 conda, in 1863, 
 
 SUPPLEMENT NO. II. 
 
 BLACK HAWK WAR, THE. The episode 
 known in history vmder llie name of "The Black 
 Hawk War," was tlie most formidable conflict 
 Ix'tween the wliites and Indians, as well as tlie 
 most far reaching in its results, that ever oc- 
 curred tijKJM the soil of Illinois. It takes its 
 name from the Indian Chief, of tlie Sac tribe, 
 lilaok Hawk (Indian name, Makatai Meshekia- 
 kiak, meaning "HIack Si)arrow Hawk"), who 
 wa« the leader of the liostilo Indian band and a 
 jjrincijjal factor in tlio struggle. I51a(;k Hawk 
 had l>een an ally of tlie Mritish during tlio War 
 of 1H12 ITj, w-rvcd with Tecuiusch when the lat- 
 t»T fidl at the battle of the Tliaiiios in IHIU, aii.l, 
 after the war, continued to maintain friendly ro- 
 tationa with hia "British father." The outbreak 
 
 in Illinois had its origin in the construction 
 put u[)on the treaty negotiated by Gen. William 
 Henry Harrison with the Sac and Fo.x Indians 
 on belialf of the United States Government, No- 
 vember 3, 1804, under which the Indians trans- 
 ferred to the Government nearly 15,000,000 acres 
 of land comprising the region lying between the 
 Wisconsin River on tlie north, Fox River of Illi- 
 nois on the east and southeast, and the Mississippi 
 on the west, for which the (Jovernment agreed to 
 pay to the confederated tribes less than $3,500 in 
 goods and the iiisignific^ant sum of $1,000 j)er an- 
 num in i)erj)otuity. While the validity of the 
 treaty was denied on the i)artof the Indians on the 
 ground that it had originally been entered into by 
 their cliiefs under duress, while held as prisoners 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 609 
 
 under a charge of murder at Jefferson Barracks, 
 during which they had been kept in a state of con- 
 stant intoxication, it had been repeatedlj' reaf- 
 firmed bj' parts or all of the tribe, especially in 
 1815, in 1816, in 1822 and in 1823, and finally recog- 
 nized by Black Hawk himself in i831. The part of 
 the treaty of 1801 which was the immediate cause 
 of the disagreement was that which stipulated 
 that, so long as the lands ceded under it remained 
 the property of the United States (that is, should 
 not be transferred to private owners), "the Indians 
 belonging to the said tribes shall enjoy the priv- 
 ilege of living or hunting upon them." Al- 
 though these lands had rftt been put upon the 
 market, or even surveyed, as "squatters" multi- 
 plied in this region little respect was paid to the 
 treaty rights of the Indians, particularly with 
 reference to those localities where, by i-eason of 
 fertihty of the soil or some other natural advan- 
 tage, the Indians had established something like 
 permanent homes and introduced a sort of crude 
 cultivation. This was especially the case with 
 reference to the Sac village of "Saukenuk" on 
 the north bank of Rock River near its mouth, 
 where the Indians, when not absent on the chase, 
 had lived for over a century, had cultivated 
 fields of corn and vegetables and had buried their 
 dead. In the early part of the la.st century, it is 
 estimated that some five hundred families had 
 been accustomed to congregate here, making it 
 the largest Indian village in the West. As early 
 as 1823 the encroachments of squatters on the 
 rights claimed by the Indians under the treaty 
 of 1804 began ; their fields were taken possession 
 of by the intruders, their lodges burned and their 
 women and children whipped and driven away 
 during the absence of the men on their annual 
 hunts. The dangers resulting from these con- 
 flicts led Governor Edwards, as early as 1828, to 
 demand of the General Governinent the expul- 
 sion of the Indians from Illinois, which resulted 
 in an order from President Jackson in 1829 for 
 their removal west of the Mississippi. On appli- 
 cation of Col. George Davenport, a trader of 
 much influence with the Indians, the time was 
 extended to April 1, 1830. During the preceding 
 year Colonel Davenport and the firm of Davenport 
 and Farnham bought from the United States Gov- 
 ernment most of the lands on Rock River occupied 
 by Black Hawk's band, with the intention, as has 
 been claimed, of permitting the Indians to remain. 
 This was not so understood by Black Hawk, who 
 was greatly incensed, although Davenport offered 
 to take other lands from the Government in ex- 
 change or cancel the sale — an arrangement to 
 
 which President Jackson would not consent. On 
 their return in the spring of 1830, the Indians 
 found whites in possession of their village. Pre- 
 vented from cultivating their fields, and their 
 annual hunt proving unsuccessful, the following 
 winter proved for them one of great hardship. 
 Black Ilawk, having made a visit to his " British 
 father" (the British Agent) at Maiden, Canada, 
 claimed to have received words of sympathy and 
 encouragement, which induced him to determine 
 to regain possession of their fields. In this he 
 was encouraged by Neapope, his second in com- 
 mand, and by assurance of support from White 
 Cloud, a half Sac and half Winnebago — known 
 also as " The Prophet " — whose village (Prophet's 
 Town) was some forty miles from the mouth 
 of Rock River, and through whom Black Hawk 
 claimed to have leceived promises of aid in guns, 
 ammunition and provisions from the British. 
 The reappearance of Black Hawk's band in the 
 vicinity of his old haunts, in the spring of 1831, 
 produced a wild panic among the frontier settlers. 
 Messages were hurried to Governor Reynolds, 
 who had succeeded Governor Edwards in De- 
 cember previous, appealing for protection against 
 the savages. The Governor issued a call for 700 
 volunteers "to remove the band of Sac Indians " 
 at Rock Island beyond the Mississippi. Al- 
 though Gen. E. P. Gaines of the regular army, 
 commanding the military district, thought tlie 
 regulars sufficiently strong to cope with the situa- 
 tion, the Governor's proclamation was responded 
 to by more than twice the number called for. 
 The volunteers assembled early in June, 1831, at 
 Beardstown, the place of rendezvous named in 
 the call, and having been organized into two regi- 
 ments under command of Col. James D. Henrj and 
 Col. Daniel Lieb, with a spy battalion under Gen. 
 Joseph Duncan, marched across the country and, 
 after effecting a junction with General Gaines' 
 regulars, appeared before Black Hawk's village on 
 the 25th of June. In the meantime General 
 Gaines, having learned that the Pottawatomies, 
 Winnebagos and Kickapoos had promised to join 
 the Sacs in their uprising, asked the assistance of 
 the battalion of mounted men previously offered 
 by Governor Reynolds. The combined armies 
 amounted to 2,500 men, while the fighting force 
 of the Indians was 300. Finding himself over- 
 whelmingly outnumbered. Black Hawk withdrew 
 under cover of night to the west side of the Missis- 
 sippi. After burning the village. General Gaines 
 notified Black Hawk of his intention to pursue 
 and attack his band, which had the effect to 
 bring the fugitive chief to the General's head- 
 
GIO 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 quarters, where, on June 30, a new treaty was 
 entered into by which he bound himself and his 
 people to remain west of the Mississippi unless 
 permitted to return by the United States. This 
 ended the campaign, and the volunteers returned 
 to their homes, although the affair had produced 
 an intense excitement along the whole frontier, 
 and involved a heavj- expense. 
 
 The next winter was spent by Black Hawk and 
 his baud on the site of old Fort Madison, in the 
 present State of Iowa. Dissatisfied and humil- 
 iated by his repulse of the previous year, in disre- 
 gard of his pledge to General Gaines, on April 6, 
 1832, at the head of 500 warriors and their fam- 
 ilies, he again crossed the Mississippi at Yel- 
 low Banks about the site of the present citj- of 
 Oquawka, fiftj' miles below Rock Island, with the 
 intention, as claimed, if not permitted to stop at 
 his old village, to proceed to the Prophet's Town 
 and raise a crop with the Winnebagoes. Here he 
 was met by The Prophet with renewed assurances 
 of aid from the Winnebagoes, which was still 
 further strengthened by promises from the Brit- 
 ish Agent received through a visit bj' Neapope to 
 Maiden the previous autumn. An incident of this 
 invasion was the effective warning given to the 
 white settlers by Shabona, a friendlj^ Ottawa 
 chief, which probably had the effect to prevent 
 a widespread massacre. Besides the towns of 
 Galena and Chicago, the settlements in Illinois 
 nortli of Fort Clark (Peoria) were limited to some 
 thirty families on Bureau Creek with a few 
 cabins at Hennepin, Peru, I.aSalle, Ottawa, In- 
 dian Creek, Dixon, Kellogg's Grove, Apple Creek, 
 and a few other points. Gen. Henry Atkinson, 
 commanding the regulars at Fort Armstrong 
 (Hock Island), having learned of the arrival of 
 Black Hawk a week after he crossed tlie Missis- 
 sippi, at once took stops to notify (Jovernor Hey- 
 nolds of tlie situation with a recjuisition for an 
 ade<{uate force of militia to (•o()perate witli the 
 regulars. Under date of April 10, is:i2, the Gov- 
 ernor issued his call for "a strong dota(^linioiit of 
 niilitia " to meet by April '22. Beardstown again 
 being named as a place of rendezvous. The call 
 resulted in the afl.sembiing of a force which was 
 organized into four regiments under command of 
 C«>Lh Jolin DeWitt, Jacob Fry, John Thomas and 
 Rainuel M ThuMipson, togidlier witli a spy ijat- 
 talion under Maj James D. Henry, an odd liat- 
 talioii under M:i.j. Thomas .lames and a foot 
 battalion iitidi-r Maj Tliomas Long, To these were 
 RtilMe<|U<'iitly a<ldfd two indcpi-iKlctnt battalions 
 (if moiiiitcci tn<ui, nriilcr comniand rif Majors 
 iMiiah Ktil'.ninii and I)avi>l P>aiiey, which were 
 
 finally consolidated as the Fifth Regiment under 
 command of Col. James Johnson. Tlie organizjt- 
 tion of the first four regiments at Beardstown 
 was completed by April 27, and the force under 
 command of Brigadier-General Whiteside (but 
 accompanied by Governor Reynolds, who was 
 allowed paj^ as Major General by the General 
 Government) began its march to Fort Armstrong, 
 arriving there May 7 and being mustered into the 
 Uni ted States service. Among others accompany- 
 ing the expedition who were then, or afterwards 
 became, noted citizens of the State, were Vital 
 Jarrot, Adjutant-General; Cyrus Edwards, Ord- 
 nance Officer; Murray McConnel, Staff Officer, 
 and Abraham Lincoln, Captain of a company of 
 volunteers from Sangamon County in the Fourth 
 Regiment. Col. Zachary Taylor, then commander 
 of a regiment of regulars, arrived at Fort Arm- 
 strong about the same time with reinforcements 
 from Fort Leavenworth and Fort Crawford. The 
 total force of militia amounted to 1,935 men, and 
 of regulars about 1,000. An interesting story is 
 told concerning a speech delivered to the volun- 
 teers by Colonel Taylor about this time. After 
 reuiinding them of their duty to obey an order 
 promptly, the future hero of the Mexican War 
 added: " The safety of all depends upon the obe- 
 dience and courage of all. You are citizen sol- 
 diers; some of you may fill high offices, or even be 
 Presidents some day — but not if you refuse to do 
 your duty. Forward, march!" A curious com- 
 mentary upon this speech is furnished in the fact 
 that, while Taylor himself afterwards became 
 President, at least one of his hearers — a volunteer 
 who probably then had no aspiration to that dis- 
 tinction (Abraham Lincoln) — reached the same 
 position during the most dramatic period in the 
 nation's history. 
 
 Two days after the arrival at Fort Armstrong, 
 the advance up Rock River began, the main force 
 of the voliinteors proceeding by land under Gen- 
 eral Whiteside, while General Atkinson, with 
 400 regular and 300 volunteer foot soldiers, pro- 
 ceeded by boat, carrying with liim the artillery, 
 provisions and bulk of the baggage. Whiteside, 
 advancing by the oast bank of the river, was the 
 first to arrive at the Prophet's Town, which, 
 finding deserted, he ])uslied on to Dixon's Ferry 
 (now Di.xon), whore he arrived May 12. Here lie 
 found the indopendetit battalions of Stillmaii and 
 Bailey witli ammunition and supplies of wliioli 
 Wliiteside stood in need. The mounted battalions 
 un<l(!r command of Major Stillmaii, having been 
 Bent forward by Whiteside as a scouting party, 
 left Dixon on the 13th and, on the afternoon of 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 611 
 
 the next day, went into camp in a strong position 
 near the mouth of Sycamore Creek. As soon dis- 
 covered, Black Hawk was in camp at the same 
 time, as he afterwards claimed, with about forty 
 of his braves, on Sycamore Creek, three miles 
 distant, while the greater part of his band were en- 
 camped with the more war-like faction of the Pot- 
 tawatomies some seven miles farther north on the 
 Kishwaukee River. As claimed by Black Hawk 
 in his autobiography, having been disappointed in 
 his expectation of forming an alliance with the 
 Winnebagoes and the Pottawatomies, he had at 
 this juncture determined to return to the west 
 side of the Mississippi. Hearing of the arrival of 
 Stilhnan's command in the vicinity, and taking 
 it for granted that this was the whole of Atkin- 
 son's command, he sent out three of his young 
 men with a white flag, to arrange a parley and 
 convey to Atkinson his offer to meet the latter in 
 council. These were captured by some of Still- 
 man's band regardless of their flag of truce, while 
 a party of five other braves who followed to ob- 
 serve the treatment received by the flagbearers, 
 were attacked and two of their number killed, the 
 the other three escaping to their camp. Black 
 Hawk learning the fate of his truce party was 
 aroused to the fiercest indignation. Tearing the 
 flag to pieces with which he had intended to go 
 into council with the whites, and appealing to his 
 followers to avenge the murder of their comrades, 
 he prepared for the attack. The rangers num- 
 bered 275 men, while Black Hawk's band has been 
 estimated at less than forty. As the rangers 
 caught sight of the Indians, they rushed forward 
 in pell-mell fashion. Retiring behind a fringe 
 of bushes, the Indians awaited the attack. As 
 the rangers approached, Black Hawk and his 
 party rose up with a war whoop, at the same time 
 opening fire on their assailants. The further 
 hist, ry of the affair was as much of a disgrace to 
 Stillman's command as had been their desecra- 
 tion of the flag of truce. Thrown into panic bj' 
 their reception by Black Hawk's little band, the 
 rangers turned and, without firing a shot, began 
 the retreat, dashing through their own camp and 
 abandoning everything, which fell into the hands 
 of the Indians. An attempt was made by one or 
 two oflBcers and a few of their men to check the 
 retreat, but without success, the bulk of the fu- 
 gitives continuing their mad rush for safety 
 through the night until they reached Dixon, 
 twenty-five miles distant, while many never 
 stopped until they reached their homes, forty 
 or fifty miles distant. The casualties to the 
 langers amounted to eleven killed and two 
 
 wounded, while the Indian loss consisted of two 
 spies and one of the flag-bearers, treacherously 
 killed near Stillman's camp. This ill-starred af- 
 fair, which has passed into history as "Stillman's 
 defeat, " produced a general panic along the fron- 
 tier by inducing an exaggerated estimate of the 
 strength of the Indian force, while it led Black 
 Hawk to form a poor opinion of the courage of 
 the white troops at the same time that it led to 
 an exalted estimate of the prowess of his own 
 little band — thus becoming an important factor 
 in prolonging the war and in the bloody massacres 
 which followed. Whiteside, with his force of 
 1,400 men, advanced to the scene of the defeat 
 the next day and buried the dead, while on the 
 19th, Atkinson, with his force of regulars, pro- 
 ceeded up Rock River, leaving the remnant of 
 Stillman's force to guard the wounded and sup- 
 plies at Dixon. No sooner had he left than the 
 demoralized fugitives of a few days before de- 
 serted their post for their homes, compelling At- 
 kinson to return for the protection of his base of 
 supplies, while Whiteside was ordered to follow 
 the trail of Black Hawk who had started up the 
 Kishwaukee for the swamps about Lake Kosh- 
 konong, nearly west of Milwaukee within the 
 present State of Wisconsin. 
 
 At this point the really active stage of the 
 campaign began. Black Hawk, leaving the 
 women and children of his band in the fastnesses 
 of the swamps, divided his followers into two 
 bands, retaining about 200 under his own com- 
 niand, while the notorious half-breed, Mike Girty, 
 led a band of one hundred renegadePottawatomies. 
 Returning to the vicinity of Rock Island, he 
 gathered some recruits from the Pottawatomies 
 and Winnebagoes, and the work of rapine and 
 massacre among the frontier settlers began. One 
 of the most notable of these was the Indian 
 Creek Massacre in LaSalle County, about twelve 
 miles north of Ottawa, on May 21, when sixteen 
 persons were killed at the Home of William 
 Davis, and two young girls — Sylvia and Rachel 
 Hall, aged, respectively, 17 and 15 years — were 
 carried away captives. The girls were subse- 
 quently released, having been ransomed for $2,000 
 in horses and trinkets through a Winnebago 
 Chief and surrendered to sub-agent Henry 
 Gratiot, Great as was the emergency at this 
 juncture, the volunteers began to manifest evi- 
 dence of dissatisfaction and, claiming that they 
 had served out their term of enlistment, refused 
 to follow the Indians into the swamps of Wis 
 consin. As the result of a council of war, the 
 volunteers were ordered to Ottawa, where they 
 
612 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 were mustered out on ]\Iay 28, bj^ Lieut. Robt. 
 Anderson, afterwards General Anderson of Fort 
 Sumter fame. Meanwbile Governor Reynolds had 
 issued his call (with that of 1831 the third,) for 
 2.000 men to serve during the war. Gen. 
 "Win fie Id Scott was also ordered from the East 
 with 1,000 regulars although, owing to cholera 
 breaking out among the troops, they did not 
 arrive in time to take part in the campaign. The 
 rank and file of volunteers responding luider the 
 new call was 3,148, with recruits and regulars 
 then in Illinois making an army of 4,000. Pend- 
 ing the arrival of the troops under the new call, 
 and to meet an immediate emergency, 300 men 
 were enlisted from the disbanded rangers for a 
 period of twenty daj-s, and organized into a 
 regiment under command of Col. Jacob Frj-, 
 with James D. Henry as Lieutenant Colonel and 
 John Thomas as Jlajor. Among those who en- 
 listed as privates in this regiment were Brig.- 
 Gen. Wliiteside and Capt. Abraham Lincoln. A 
 regiment of five companies, numbering 195 men, 
 from Putnam County under command of Col. 
 John Strawn, and another of eight companies 
 from Vermilion County under Col. Isaac R. 
 Moore, were organized and assigned to guard 
 duty for a period of twenty days. 
 
 The new volunteers were rendezvoused at Fort 
 Wilbourn, nearlj' opposite Peru, June 15, and 
 organized into three brigades, each consisting of 
 three regiments and a sjiy battalion. Tlie First 
 Brigade (915 strong) was i)laced under command 
 of Brig.-Gen. Alexander Posey, the Second 
 under Gen. Milton K. Alexander, and the third 
 under Gen James D. Henrj-. Others who .served 
 as ofli(^ers in some of these several organizations, 
 and afterwards became prominent in State his- 
 tory, were Lieut. -Col. Gurdon S. Hubbard of the 
 Vermilion County regiment; John A. McClern- 
 aml, on the staff of General Posey; Maj. John 
 Dement; tlien State Treasurer ; Stinsonll. Ander- 
 son, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor; Lieut. - 
 Gov. Zadoc Casey; Maj., William MciIIenry; 
 Sidney Breese (afterwards Judge of tiie State 
 Siiiiremo f 'ourt and United States Senator) ; W. 
 L. I). Ewing (as Major of a spy battalion, after- 
 wardH Unite<l States Senator and State Auditor) ; 
 Alexander W. Jenkins (afterwards Lieutenant- 
 Govrrrnor) ; Jainos W. Scmple (afterwards United 
 States Sj-nator) ; and Williairi Wcatlusrford (after- 
 wards a Coloiud III the Mexican War), and many 
 in'>r«' Of the Illinois truop.-^, Posey's ijrigade 
 "■• 'd to till- duty of diK|iersingtlie Indians 
 
 I.' ' .:ii<<iiaarid Uor-k Kivcr. .'\](!xander"H sent 
 
 Ui intercept Black Hawk iiji the Rock River, 
 
 while Henry's remained with Gen. Atkinson at 
 Dixon. During tlie next two weeks engage- 
 ments of a more or le.ss serious cliaracter were 
 had on the Pecatonica on the soutliern border of 
 the present State of Wisconsin; at Apple River 
 Fort fourteen miles east of Galena, which was 
 successfully defended against a force under Black 
 Hawk himself, and at Kellogg's Grove the next 
 day (June 25), when the same band ambuslied 
 Maj. Dement's spy battalion, and came near in- 
 flicting a defeat, which was prevented by 
 Dement's coolness and the timely arrival of re- 
 inforcements. In the latter engagement the 
 whites lost five killed besides 47 horses which had 
 been tethered outside their lines, the less of the 
 Indians being sixteen killed. Skirmishes also 
 occurred with varying results, at Plum River 
 Fort, Burr Oak Grove, Sinsiniwa and Blue 
 Mounds — the last two within the present State of 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 Believing the bulk of the Indians to be camped 
 in the vicinity of Lake Koshkonong, General 
 Atkinson left Dixon June 27 with a combined 
 force of regulars and volunteers numbering 2,600 
 men — the volunteers being under the command 
 of General Henry. They reached the outlet of the 
 Lake July 2, but found no Indians, being joined 
 two days later by General Alexander's brigade, and 
 on the Gth by Gen. Posey's. From here the com- 
 mands of Generals Henry and Alexander were 
 sent for supplies to Fort Winnebago, at tlie Port- 
 age of the Wisconsin ; Colonel Ewing, with the 
 Second Regiment of Posey's brigade descending 
 Rock River to Dixon, Posey with the remainder, 
 going to Fort Hamilton for the protection of 
 settlers in the lead-mining region, while Atkin- 
 son, advancing with the regulars up Lake Koshko- 
 nong, began the erection of temporary fortifica- 
 tions on Bark River near the site of the present 
 village of Fort Atkinson. At Fort Winnebago 
 Alexander and Henry obtained evidence of the 
 actvial location of Black Hawk's camp through 
 Pierre Pocpiette, a half-breed s(!out and trader 
 in tlie em|)loy of the American Fur Company, 
 whom they employed with a number of Winne- 
 bagos to act as guides. From this point Alex- ji 
 auder's command returned to General Atkinson's I 
 head(iuarters, carrying with them twelve day's I' 
 jiro visions for tlie main army, while General 
 IIeiiry's((il)Ostrong), with Major Dodge's battalion 
 iiumlieriiig 150, with an etpial (piantity of siip])li«JH 
 for tliemselvcs, sta.rtcid under the guidance of 
 i'()(|iiHtte and lii.s Winnebago aids to liiid T51aok 
 Hawk's camp. Arriving on the 18th at the 
 Winnebago village on Rock River where Blaok || 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 613 
 
 Hawk and his band had been located, their camp 
 was found deserted, the Winnebagos insisting 
 that they had gone to Cranberry ( now Horicon) 
 Lake, a ]ialf-da3'"s marcli up the river. Messen- 
 gers were immediately dispatched to Atkinson's 
 headquarters, thirty-five miles distant, to ap- 
 prise him of this fact. When they had proceeded 
 about half the distance, they struck a broad, 
 fresh trail, which proved to be that of Black 
 Hawk's band headed westward toward the Mis- 
 sissippi. The guide having deserted them in 
 order to M-arn his tribesmen that further dis- 
 sembling to deceive the whites as to 
 the wliereabouts of the Sacs was use- 
 less, the messengers were compelled to follow 
 him to General Henrj^'s camp. The discovery pro- 
 duced the wildest enthusiasm among the volun- 
 teers, and from this time-events followed in rapid 
 succession. Leaving as far as possible all incum- 
 brances behind, the pursuit of the fugitives was 
 begun without delay, the troops wadiug tlirough 
 swamps .sometimes in water to their armpits. 
 Soon evidence of the character of the flight the 
 Indians were making, in the shape of exhausted 
 horses, blankets, and camp equipage cast aside 
 along the trail, began to appear, and straggling 
 bands of "Winnebagos, who had now begun to 
 desert Black Hawk, gave information that the 
 Indians were only a few miles in advance. On 
 the evening of the 20th of July Heniy's forces 
 encamped at "The Four Lakes," the present 
 site of the city of Madison, Wis. , Black Hawk's 
 force lying in ambush the same night seven or 
 eight miles distant. During the next afternoon 
 the rear-guard of the Indians under Neapope was 
 overtaken and skirmishing continued until the 
 bluffs of the Wisconsin were reached. Black 
 Hawk's avowed object was to protect the passage 
 of the main body of his people across the stream. 
 The loss of the Indians in tliese skirmishes has 
 been estimated at 40 to 68, while Black Hawk 
 claimed that it was only six killed, the loss of 
 the whites being one killed and eight wounded. 
 During the night Black Hawk succeeded in 
 placing a considerable number of the women and 
 children and old men on a raft and in canoes 
 obtained from the Winnebagos, and sent them 
 down tiie river, believing that, as non-combat- 
 ants, they would be permitted by the regulars 
 to pass Fort Crawford, at the mouth of the Wis- 
 consin, undisturbed. In this he was mistaken. 
 A force sent from the fort under Colonel Ritner to 
 intercept them, fired mercilessly upon the help- 
 less fugitives, killing fifteen of their number, 
 while about fifty were drowned and thirty-two 
 
 women and children made prisoners. The re- 
 mainder, escaping into the woods, with few ex- 
 ceptions died from starvation and exposure, or 
 were massacred by their enemies, the Menomi- 
 nees, acting under white officers. During the 
 niglit after the battle of Wisconsin Heights, a 
 loud, shrill voice of some one speaking in an un- 
 known tongue was heard in the direction where 
 Black Hawk's band was supposed to be This 
 caused something of a panic in Henry's camp, as 
 it was supposed to come from some one giving 
 orders for lai attack. It was afterwards learned 
 that the speaker was Neapope speaking in the 
 Winnebago language in the hope that he might 
 be heard by Poquette and the Winnebago guides. 
 He was describing the helpless condition of his 
 people, claiming that the war had been forced 
 upon them, that their women and children were 
 starving, and that, if permitted peacefully to re- 
 cross the Mississippi, they would give no further 
 trouble. Unfortunately Poquette and the other 
 guides had left for Fort Winnebago, so that no 
 one was there to translate Neapope's appeal and 
 it failed of its object. 
 
 General Henry 's force having discovered that the 
 Indians had escaped — Black Hawk heading with 
 the bulk of his warriors towards the Mississippi — 
 spent the next and day night on the field, but on 
 the following day (July 23) started to meet General 
 Atkinson, who had, in the meantime, been noti- 
 fied of the pursuit. The head of their columns 
 met at Blue Mounds, the same evening, a com- 
 plete junction between the regulars and the 
 volunteers being effected at Helena, a deserted 
 village on the Wisconsin. Here by using the 
 logs of the deserted cabins for rafts, the army 
 crossed the river on the 27th and the 28th and the 
 pursuit of black Hawk's fugitive band was re- 
 newed. Evidence of their famishing condition 
 was found in the trees stripped of bark for food^ 
 the carcasses of dead ponies, with here and there 
 the dead body of an Indian. 
 
 On August 1, Black Hawk's depleted and famish- 
 ing band reached the Mississippi two miles below 
 the mouth of the Bad Ax, an insignificant 
 stream, and immediately began trying to cross 
 the river; but having only two or three canoes, 
 the work was slow^ About the middle of the 
 afternoon the steam transport, "Warrior," ap- 
 peared on the scene, having on board a score of 
 regulars and volunteers, returning from a visit 
 to the village of the Sioux Chief, Wabasha, to 
 notify him tliat his old enemies, the Sacs, were 
 headed in that direction. Black Hawk raised the 
 white flag in token of surrender, but the officer 
 
614 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 in command claiming that he feared treachery or 
 an ambnsli. demanded that Black Hawk should 
 come on board. Tliis he was unable to do, as he 
 had no canoe. After waiting a few minutes a 
 murderous fire of canister and musketry was 
 opened from the steamer on the few Indians on 
 shore, who made such feeble resistance as they 
 were able. The result was the killing of one 
 white man and twenty-three Indians. After this 
 exploit the "Warrior" proceeded to Prairie du 
 Chien, twelve or fifteen miles distant, for fuel. 
 During the night a few more of the Indians 
 crossed the river, but Black Hawk, seeing the 
 hopelessness of further I'esistance, accompanied 
 by the Prophet, and taking with him a party of 
 ten warriors and thirty-five squaws and children, 
 fled in the direction of "the dells" of the Wis- 
 consin. On the morningof the 2d General Atkinson 
 arrived within four or five miles of the Sac 
 position. Disposing his forces with the regulars 
 and Colonel Dodge's rangers in the center, the brig- 
 ades of Posey and Alexander on the right and 
 Henry's on the left, he began the pursuit, but 
 was drawn by the Indian decoy.T up the river 
 from the place where the main body of the 
 Indians were trying to cross the stream. This 
 had the effect of leaving General Henry in the rear 
 practicalh' without orders, but it became the 
 means of making his command the prime factors 
 in the climax which followed. Some of the spies 
 attached to Henry's command having accidental- 
 Ij- discovered the trail of the main body of the fu- 
 gitives, he began tlie pursuit without waiting for 
 orders and soon found himself engaged with some 
 300 savages, a force nearly equal to his own. It 
 was here that the only thing like a regular battle 
 occurred. The savages fought with the fury of 
 despair, while Henry's force was no doubt nerved 
 to greater deeds of courage by the insult which 
 they conceived had been put upon tlieni by Gen- 
 eral Atkinson. Atkin.son, bearing the battle in 
 progress and discovering that he was being led 
 off on a false scent, soon joined Henry's force 
 with liis main army, and the .steamer " Warrior," 
 arriving from Prairie du Cliien, opened a fire of 
 canister uj)f)n the pent-up Indian.s. - The battle 
 Bfxm degenerated into a massacre. In the course 
 of the three hours through wliicli it lasted, itises- 
 tiinated that 150 Indians were killed l)y fn*e from 
 the troops, an ciiuai number of both sexes and 
 all ages drowned wliiJe att(!m])ting tf) cro.ss tlie 
 river fjr by Iwiing driven into it, while about r>0 
 (chie.fly wr)nieii and children) were made jirison- 
 ern Tlie loss of the whites was 20 killed and 13 
 wounded When the "battle" was nearing its 
 
 close it is said that Black Hawk, having repented 
 the abandonment of his people, returned within 
 sight of the battle-ground, but seeing the slaugh- 
 ter in progress which he was powerless to avert, he 
 turned and, with a howl of rage and horror, fled 
 into the forest. About 300 Indians (mo.stly non- 
 combatants) succeeded in crossing the river in a 
 condition of exhaustion from hunger and fatigue, 
 but these were set upon by the Sioux under Chief 
 Wabasha, through the suggestion and agency of 
 General Atkinson, and nearly one-half their num- 
 ber exterminated. Of the remainder many died 
 from wounds and exhaustion, while still others 
 perished while attemirting to reach Keokuk's band 
 who had refused to join in Black Hawk's desper- 
 ate venture. Of one thousand who crossed to the 
 east side of the river with Black Hawk in April, 
 it is estimated that not more than 150 survived 
 the tragic events of the next four months. 
 
 General Scott, having arrived at Prairie du Chien 
 early in August, assumed command and, on 
 August 15, mustered out the volunteers at Dixon, 
 111. After witnessing the bloody climax at the 
 Bad Axe of his ill-starred invasion, Black Hawk 
 fled to the dells of the Wisconsin, where he and 
 the Prophet surrendered themselves to the Win. 
 nebagos, by whom they were delivered to the 
 Indian Agent at Prairie du Chien. Having been 
 taken to Fort Armstrong on September 21, he 
 there signed a treaty of peace. Later he was 
 taken to Jefferson Barracks (near St. Louis) in 
 the custody of Jefferson Davis, then a Lieutenant 
 in the regular army, where he was held a captive 
 during the following winter. The connection of 
 Davis with the Black Hawk War, mentioned by 
 many historians, seems to have been confined to 
 this act. In April, 1833, with the Prophet and 
 Neapope, he was taken to Washington and then 
 to Fortress Monroe, where they were detained as 
 prisoners of war until June 4, when they were 
 released. Black Ilawk, after being taken to many 
 princijKil cities in order to impress him vi'ith the 
 strength of the American nation, was brought to 
 Fort Armstrong, and there committed to the 
 guardianship of his rival, Keokuk, but survived 
 this humiliation only a few years, dying on a 
 small reservation set ap.art for him in Davis 
 County, Iowa,, October 3, 1838. 
 
 Such is the story of the Black Hawk War, tlie 
 most notable struggle with the aborigines in Illi- 
 nois hi.story. At its beginning both tlie State 
 and national authorities were gro.ssly niishMl by 
 an exagg(!rated estimate* of the strength of Blaidj 
 Hawk's force as to numbers ;ind his plans for 
 recovering the site of his old village, while 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 615 
 
 Black Hawk had conceived a low estimate of the 
 numbers and courage of his white enemies, es- 
 pecially after the Stillman defeat. The cost of 
 the war to the State and nation in money has been 
 estimated at $2,000,000, and in sacrifice of life 
 on both sides at not less than 1,200. The loss of 
 life by the troops in irregular skirmishes, and in 
 massacres of settlers by the Indians, aggregated 
 about 250, while an equal number of regulars 
 perished from a visitation of cholera at the 
 various stations within the district affected by 
 the war, especially at Detroit, Chicago, Fort 
 Armstrong and Galena. Yet it is the judgment 
 of later historians that nearly all this sacrifice of 
 life and treasure might have been avoided, but 
 for a series of blunders due to the blind or un- 
 scrupulous policy of officials or interloping squat- 
 ters upon lands which the Indians had occupied 
 under the treaty of 1804. A conspicious blunder — 
 to call it by no harsher name — was 
 the violation by Stillman's command of the 
 rules of civilized war-fare in the attack made 
 upon Black Hawk's messengers, sent under 
 flag of truce to request a conference to settle 
 terms under which he might return to the west 
 side of the Mississippi — an act which resulted in 
 a humiliating and disgraceful defeat for its 
 authors and proved the first step in actual war. 
 Another misfortune was the failure to understand 
 Neapope's appeal for peace and permission for his 
 people to pass beyond the Mississippi the night 
 after the battle of Wisconsin Heights; and the 
 third and most inexcusable blunder of all, was 
 the refusal of the officer in command of the 
 "Warrior " to respect Black Hawk"s flag of truce 
 and request for a conference just before the 
 bloody massacre which has gone into history 
 under the name of the " battle of the Bad Axe." 
 Either of these events, properly availed of, would 
 have prevented much of the butchery of that 
 bloody episode which has left a stain upon the 
 page of history, although this statement implies 
 no disposition to detract from the patriotism and 
 courage of some of the leading actors upon whom 
 the responsibility was placed of i^rotecting the 
 frontier settler from outrage and massacre. One 
 of the features of the war was the bitter jealousy 
 engendered by the unwise policy pursued by 
 General Atkinson towards some of the volun- 
 teers — especially the treatment of General James 
 D. Henry, who, although subjected to repeated 
 slights and insults, is regarded by Governor Ford 
 and others as the real hero of the war. Too 
 brave a soldier to shirk any responsibility and 
 too modest to exploit his own deeds, he felt 
 
 deeply the studied purpose of his superior to 
 ignore him in the conduct of the campaign — a 
 purpose which, as in the affair at the Bad Axe, 
 was defeated by accident or by General Henry's 
 soldierly sagacity and attention to duty, although 
 he gave out to the public no utterance of com- 
 plaint. Broken in health by the hardships and 
 exposures of the campaign, he went South soon 
 after the war and died of consumption, unknown 
 and almost alone, in the city of New Orleans, less 
 two years later. 
 
 Aside from contemporaneous newspaper ac- 
 counts, monographs, and manuscripts on file 
 in public libraries relating to this epoch in State 
 history, the most comprehensive records of the 
 Black Hawk War are to be found in the ' ' Life of 
 Black Hawk," dictated by himself (1834) ; Wake- 
 field's "History of the War between the United 
 States and the Sac and Fox Nations" (1834); 
 Drake's" Life of Black Hawk" (1854); Ford's 
 "History of Illinois" (1854); Reynolds' " Pio- 
 neer History of Illinois; and "My Own Times"; 
 Davidson & Stuve's and Moses' Histories of Illi- 
 nois; Blanchard's " The Northwest and Chicago" ; 
 Armstrong's "The Sauks and the Black Hawk 
 War," and. Reuben G. Thwaite's "Story of the 
 Black Hawk War" (1892.) 
 
 CHICAGO HEIGHTS, a village in the southern 
 part of Cook County, twenty -eight miles south of 
 the central part of Chicago, on the Chicago & 
 Eastern Illinois, the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern and 
 the Michigan Central Railroads; is located in an 
 agricultural region, but has some manufactures 
 as well as good schools — also has one newspaper. 
 Population (1900), 5,100. 
 
 GRANITE, a city of Madison County, located 
 five miles north of St. Louis on the lines of the 
 Burlington; the Chicago & Alton; Cleveland, 
 Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis; Chicago, Peoria 
 & St. Louis (Illinois), and the Wabash Railway's. 
 It is adjacent to the Merchants' Terminal Bridge 
 across the Mississippi and has considerable manu- 
 facturing and grain-storage business; has two 
 newspapers. Population (1900), 3,122. 
 
 HARLEM, a village of Proviso Township, Cook 
 County, and suburb of Chicago, on the line of the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, nine miles 
 west of the terminal station at Chicago. Harlem 
 originally embraced the village of Oak Park, now 
 a part of the city of Chicago, but, in 1884, was set 
 off and incorporated as a village. Considerable 
 manufacturing is done here. Population (1900), 
 4,085. 
 
 HARVEY, a city of Cook County, and an im- 
 portant manufacturing suburb of the city of Chi- 
 
616 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 cago, three miles soutliwest of the southern city 
 limits. It is on the line of the Illinois Central 
 and the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railways, and 
 has extensive manufactures of harvesting, street 
 and steam railway machinerj', gasoline stoves, 
 enameled ware, etc. ; also has one newspaper and 
 ample school facilities. Population (1900), 5,395. 
 
 IOWA CENTRAL RAILWAY, a railway line 
 having its principal termini at Peoria, 111., and 
 Manly Junction, nine miles north of Mason City, 
 Iowa, with several lateral branches making con- 
 nections with Centerville, Newton, State Center, 
 Story City, Algona and Northwood in the latter 
 State. The total length of line owned, leased 
 and operated by the Company, ofRciallj' reported 
 in 1899, was 508.98 miles, of which 89. 7G miles- 
 including 3.5 miles trackage facilities on the 
 Peoria & Pekin Union between Iowa Junction 
 and Peoria — were in Illinois. The Illinois divi- 
 sion extends from Keithsburg — Avhere it enters 
 the State at the crossing of the Mississippi — to 
 Peoria.— (History.) The Iowa Central Railway 
 Company was originally chartered as the Central 
 Railroad Company of Iowa and the road com- 
 pleted in October, 1871. In 1873 it passed into 
 the hands of a receiver and, on June ^, 1879, was 
 reorganized under the name of the Central Iowa 
 Railway Company. In May, 1883, this company 
 purcha.sed the Peoria & Farmington Railroad, 
 which was incorporated into the main line, but 
 defaulted and pas.sed into the hands of a receiver 
 December 1, 188G; the line was sold under fore- 
 closure in 1887 and ls88, to the Iowa Central 
 Railway Company, which had effected a new 
 organization on tlie basis of §11,000,000 common 
 stock, $6,000,000 preferred stock and $1,379,035 
 temporary debt certificates convertible into pre- 
 ferred stock, and §7,500,000 first mortgage bonds. 
 The tran.saction was comijleted, tlie receiver dis- 
 charged and the road turned over to the new 
 company. May 15, 18S9.— (Fin.\nciai.). The total 
 capit.alization of tlie road in 1899 was §31,337,558, 
 of which §14,159,180 was in stock, §0,6.50,095 in 
 bonds and §538,383 in other forms of indebtedne.ss. 
 The total earnings and income of the line in Illi- 
 nois for the same year were §533,508, and the ex- 
 penditures §500,333. 
 
 SPARTA, a city of Randolph County, situated 
 on tlie (^entralia & Chester and the Mobile & 
 Ohio Ii;iilroads, twenty miles northwest of Ches- 
 ter and fifty miles southeast of St. Louis. It has 
 
 a number of manufacturing establishments, in- 
 cluding plow factories, a woolen mill, a cannery 
 and creameries ; also has natural gas. The first 
 settler was James McClurken, -from South Caro- 
 lina, who .settled here in 1818. He was joined by 
 James Armour a few years later, who bought 
 land of McClurken, and together they laid out 
 a village, which fir.st received the name of Co- 
 lumbus. About the same time Robert G. Shan- 
 non, who had been conducting a mercantile busi- 
 ness in the vicinity, located in the town and 
 became the first Postmaster. In 1839 the name 
 of the town was changed to Sparta. Mr. McClur- 
 ken, its earliest settler, appears to have been a 
 man of considerable enterprise, as he is credited 
 with having built the first cotton gin in this vi- 
 cinity, besides still later, erecting saw and flour 
 inills and a woolen mill. Sparta was incorporated 
 as a village in 1837 and in 1859 as a city. A col- 
 ony of members of the Reformed Presbyterian 
 Church (Covenanters or "Seceders'') established 
 at Eden, a beautiful site about a mile from 
 Sparta, about 1823, cut an important figure in 
 the history of the latter place, as it became the 
 means of attracting here an industrious and 
 thriving population. At a later period it became 
 one of the most important stations of the "Under- 
 ground Railroad" (so called) in Illinois (which 
 see). The population of Sparta (1890) was 1,979; 
 (1900), 2,041. 
 
 TOLUCA, a city of Marshall County situated 
 on the line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 
 Railroad, 18 miles southwest of Streator. It is in 
 the center of a rich agricultural district ; has the 
 usual church and educational facilities of cities 
 of its rank, and two newspapers. Population 
 (1900), 2,039. 
 
 WEST HAMMOND, a village situated in the 
 northeast corner of TJiornton Township, Cook 
 County, adjacent to Hammond, Ind., from which 
 it is separated by the Indiana State line. It is on 
 the Mi(;higan Central Railroad, one mile south of 
 the Chicago City limits, and has convenient ac- 
 ce.ss to several other lines, including the Chicago 
 & Erie; New York, Chicago & St. L6uis, and 
 Western Indiana Railroads. Like its Indiana 
 neighbor, it is a manufacturing center of much 
 importance, was incorporated as a village in 
 1893, and has grown rai)i(lly within the last few 
 years, having a ]M)pulatiou, according to the cen- 
 sus of 1900, of 2,935. 
 
COOK COUNTY 
 
Cook County 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 The Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois, first published in 1900 under the edit- 
 orship of two competent men especially well versed in State history, has since 
 passed through two revisions for the purpose of bringing it up to date. As its 
 name implies, the work presents an epitome of Illinois history, in reference to 
 which it has come to be recognized as a standard authority, the price of this 
 issue, in one volume, being $12.50. 
 
 The special Cook County edition, now issued, was undertaken only with the 
 promise that, in addition to the Historical Encyclopedia of the State, it was 
 intended to embrace a biographical department open to patrons of the work, the 
 whole to be delivered to subscribers in two volumes, at $15.00 per set, accord- 
 ing to printed and signed agreements. 
 
 As the sale of this special edition progressed, there arose an urgent demand 
 for a concise, but comprehensive, outline of Chicago and Cook County history, 
 with the various townships of the latter, and especially embracing certain instances, 
 or object lessons, illustrative of the wondrous strides of development witnessed in 
 Chicago business and municipal history. Following the history of Chicago's 
 original discovery by the early French explorers, and its gradual growth fi-om a 
 trading station and a frontier military post to the commercial metropolis of the 
 NorthAvest, these instances (which are indicative of the general development) are 
 presented in special articles descriptive of the past and the present— the "then 
 and the now"— of the "Union Stock Yards," the "Postal Service," the "Fire 
 Department," "Municipal Lighting," "Water Service," "Railway Progress," 
 "Parks and Boulevards," etc., with a condensed history of the city, county and 
 toAvnships— all being additions to what was promised at the outset, and all accom- 
 plished at a large expenditure of time and money on the part of the publishers, 
 but without any additional cost to the patrons of the work. 
 
 The contracts entered into between the publishers of this Avork and its pat- 
 rons provides that the volumes shall "be delivered within a fair and reasonable 
 time after publication, " at which time payment therefor becomes due. It is appar- 
 ent, therefore, that the interest of the publishers lies in as early a publication and 
 delivery as practicable, while the interest of the patrons has been subserved by 
 postponement of the completion of the work consequent upon the length of time 
 occupied in collection of added material for, and the addition of much valuable 
 history not promised, thereby increasing its scope and value beyond Avhat was 
 contemplated in the original plan, but Avithout added cost to the subscribers. 
 
 Wliile these volumes are the result of human endeavor with human limita- 
 tions, and while perfection Avill not be claimed for them, they are submitted in 
 the hope that they will be found to possess an intrinsic value which will be 
 accorded due recognition, and that future generations will render to them a just 
 meed of appreciation for the preservation of a large amount of family and in- 
 dividual history, of which thev are the repositorv. 
 
 THE PUBLISHERS. 
 
Cook County 
 
 INDEX 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY. 
 
 Jean Nicolet Discovers Lake Michioan— Conjectures as to Extent of His 
 Explorations— The Parrot Expedition— The Locality of Chica^^o Visited 
 by White Men— Arrival of Joliet and Marquette— Discovery of Illinois 
 River— The Kaskaskias— Marquette's Second Visit— Spends the Win- 
 ter on the Chicago River— Returns North by the Eastern Shore of 
 Lake Michigan— His Death 617-621 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 PERIOD OF FRENCH OCCUPATION. 
 
 French Traders and Missionaries in the "Illinois Country" — Arrival of La- 
 Salle— Discoveries of the Great Explorer— The Henry M. Stanley of 
 His Age— Disaster of "The Griffon"— Henry de Tonty— LaSalle 
 Reaches the Illinois by Way of the Kankakee — The Story of Fort 
 Creve-Coeur- LaSalle Explores the Mississippi to Its Mouth— Louisi- 
 ana is Named— Fort St. Louis Erected on "Starved Rock"— Tragic 
 Fate of the Great Explorer— Uncertainty About Location of the First 
 Chicago River 621-623 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 « 
 
 Early French Fortifications— "Fort Chicagou" Mentioned by Tonty in 
 1685— Remains of an Early Fortification in Palos Township — Indian 
 and Other Relics Found in That Vicinity— Fort Guarie on the North 
 Branch— First Catholic Mission at the Village of the Kaskaskias— 
 Missionaries Who Followed Marquette and AUouez— A Jesuit ]\Iission 
 Established at Chicago as Early as 1699— Visit of St. Cosme — Missions 
 Between Lake Ontario and the Mississippi 623-625 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 A PERIOD OF PARTIAL ECLIPSE. 
 
 Removal of the French Mission on the Upper Illinois to Kaskaskia — En- 
 trance to the Mississippi Valley Changed to the Gulf Coast— Country 
 South of the Illinois River Becomes Part of Louisiana— Chicago Re- 
 gion Still Attached to Canada — Visit of Charlevoix— Early Indian Oc- 
 cupants—A French-Indian Battle on Illinois Soil— Chicago in the 
 Eighteenth Century 625-627 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 STORY OF A LAND DEAL. 
 
 First Transaction Affecting Chicago Real Estate— Principal Part of North- 
 ern Illinois Bought for Five Shillings and Certain "Goods and Mer- 
 chandise"— Cession of Lands by the Indians Under Treaty of Green- 
 ville—Tract Six ]\Iiles Square at IMouth of Chicago River Ceded to the 
 United States Government— Site of Early French Fort in Doubt. . . . 627-629 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Chicago's First Permanent Settler a San Domingo Negro — Colonel de 
 Peyster's Description of Jean Baptiste Pointe de Saible — Chicago Then 
 Known as "Eschikagou"— Le Mai, a French Trader, Succeeds Pointe 
 de Saible— Other Early Settlers— Antoine Ouilmette Comes in 1790— 
 Chicago Previous to the Building of Fort Dearborn 629-630 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE FIRST FORT DEARBORN. 
 
 Building of the First Fort Begun by Captain Whistler in 1803— Loca- 
 tion and Description of the Original Fortress— Arrival of the Kinzie 
 Family— Other Newcomers— The Kinzies Occupy the Le Mai Cabin — 
 Dr. Alexander Wolcott and Gen. David Hunter— Charles Jouett, Indian 
 Agent and "Chicago's First Lawyer"— ]\Irs. J. II. Kinzie's "Waubun" 
 —A Precursor of Disaster— The llardscrabble Massacre 630-634 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 FORT DEARBORN MASSACRE. 
 
 BegiiHiing of War of 1812— Genei-al Hull Orders Evacuation of Fort Dear- , 
 Ijorn- Statement of Captain Heald — A Story of Indian Treachery— 
 Jjoeatioii of the Great Tragedy — Incidents of the Bloody Afl'aii" as Re- 
 lated in Mrs. Kinzie's "Waubun" — Magnanimous Coiuluct of (-hief 
 I'A-.H-k J'artridge- The Story of Mrs. Helm— Valor of Cai)t. William 
 Wells and His Tragic Fate 634-637 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 AFTER THE MASSACRE. 
 
 The Kinzie Family in JVril — Appearance of "Saugaiia.sh" on the Si^ene — 
 K()i-t Dear-born iiiirned — The Kinzies Take Refuge at St. Jos(;ph — 
 IJi'iifeiiant Helm Released Through the Influence of Black Partridge — 
 Some I'roniiiHiiit Actors— Sketches of the; Noted Ha,lf-Ure('ds, Alexaii- 
 der llohinson and Billy Caldwell ("Sauganasli")— Black I'artridge 
 Again IVoves His Humanitv — Ungraleriil Ti-eatment of 'Hiis Noble 
 "Man of the Woods." ". 637-639 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE SECOND FORT DEARBORN. 
 
 Pour Years of Arrested Development— Fort Dearborn in Desolation— Its 
 Restoration Begun in 1816 — Burial of Victims of the Massacre — List 
 of Commandants — A New ImmigTation Sets in — The Kinzies Among 
 the First to Arrive — Other Notable Arrivals — The Clybourns, Gal- 
 loways, Heacock, Etc.— A Fire in Fort Dearborn— The "Winnebago 
 Scare." 639.643 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 CHICAGO IN EMBRYO. 
 
 Varied Orthography of the Name Chicago — Reputed Origin of the Name 
 —Some Early Impressions of the Future Great Metropolis— As Seen 
 by Judge Storrow, Gurdon S. ILibbard, Schoolcraft, Professor Keat- 
 ing and Others— Early ]\Iail Facilities- Some Pioneer Hotels and Their 
 History— Fernando Jones' Account of the Origin of the Name Chicago 643-648 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Conditions Under French Occupation— Northern Illinois Attached to Can- 
 ada as Part of New France— Effect of the Col. George Rogers Clark 
 Expedition— Territory Northwest of the Ohio River Organized— Ordi- 
 nance of 1787 — Its Far-reaching Influence on Illinois and General His- 
 tory- Territorial and County History— Cook County Organized— First 
 Election and First County Officers 648-650 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 A CREATIVE PERIOD. 
 
 Illinois and Michigan Canal— Feasibility of the Enterprise Recognized 
 by Early Explorers— Effect on the Development of Chicago— Survey of 
 Government Lands About the Mouth of Chicago River in 1821— Chi- 
 cago Village Platted in 1830— First Sale of Village Lots— Chicago Be- 
 comes a County-Seat in 1831— Payment of Indian Annuities— Promi- 
 nent Men Who Became Citizens in That Year 651-653 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 SOME INDIAN HISTORY. 
 
 The Black Hawk War Episode — Receipt of the News in Chicago and 
 Preparations for Defense— Service Rendered by Chief Shabona, Billy 
 Caldwell and Alexander Robinson— Refugees Seek Safety in Fort 
 Dearborn— Organization of Volunteers— Gen. Scott's Troops Attacked 
 by Cholera— The Indian Treaty of 1833— Description of the Event by 
 an English Traveler 653-655 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 CHICAGO IN DEVELOPIMENT. 
 
 An Era of Progross After the Black Hawk War— Early Business and Pro- 
 fessional Men-Growrth in 1833— "A Village of Pike County" in 1823 
 — Chicago Incorporated as a Town in 1833— Establishment of the First 
 Newspaper — Chicago in 1833-1837 — The "Land Craze" — Some Con- 
 temporaneous Descriptions of the Place — Incorporated as a City — 
 —Financial Revulsion of 1837— Growth in Area and Population from 
 1837 to 1900 655-658 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 RAILWAY PROGRESS. 
 
 Chicago as a Railway Center— The Galena & Chicago Union the Pioneer 
 Line — Principal Lines Now Operating — Street Railway History— Sur- 
 face and Elevated Lines— Inter-urban Trolley Roads— The Fox River 
 Valley System— Cliicago & Joliet Line 659-661 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 POLITICAL. 
 
 Chicago as a Political Center— National Political Conventions— Nomina- 
 tion of Lincoln in 1860— Other Notable Conventions— Citizens of Cook 
 County Who Have Held State Offices— Cook County Citizens in the 
 Councils of the Nation— United States Senators and Representatives in 
 Congress— Present Representation (1904) in Congress— Legislative Dis- 
 tricts in Cook County 662-664 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 PARKS AND liOULEVARDS. 
 
 General History— Beginning of the Park System — First Park Named Tor 
 the Martyred President— Statistics of Cost and Area of Pa.rk Systems 
 in the Three Sevci-al Divisions — Projected Parks on the Des IMaini's 
 iind Caluinel Ivivers 664-669 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 NOTABLE EVENTS. 
 
 |{i'|>id)licjiii .Xalidtial Convenliitn of 1860 — The Camp Douglas (-onspiracy 
 — SdMn- f»r Its i'rincipal Actoi-s— lOxposnre and Defeat— The Conflagra- 
 tion of 1871- Va.st Destrui'lion of Propei'ty and Homes— Area liurned • 
 Over- R<'lief Measures- The Ilaymarket Massacre — Conviction and 
 I'unislinient of the Conspirators- Labor Strikes— Heavy Losses ol" l]\\\- 
 ployi-rs and lOniploycil (i6!)-677 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 LOCAL CHRONOLOGY. 
 
 One Hundred Years of Local History — Enumeration of Most Important 
 Events in the History of Chicago from the Founding of Fort Dear- 
 born in 1803 to 1904'. 677-679 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 OLD SETTLERS' ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 Characteristics of Chicago's Early Settlers— Problems They Had to Meet 
 —Chicago Historical Society— Its Object, History and Membership- 
 First Old Settlers' Society— Calumet Club Old Settlers' Reunions- 
 Pioneers of Chicago — Pioneers' Sons and Daughters' Society — List of 
 Members — The Sons of Chicago— Old Time Printers' Association— Old 
 Settlers' Club of Williams Street— German Old Settlers' Picnic 679-700 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 STOCK YARDS HISTORY. 
 
 First Slaughter House in Chicago — Origin and Development of the Pack- 
 ing Industry — The Founders and Promoters of the BiLsiness — Early 
 Stock Yards — Organization of the Union Stock Yards — Phenomenal 
 Growth of the Packing and Live-Stock Trade— Description of Build- 
 ings and Grounds — Banking Institutions— Statistics for Different Years 
 — Past and Present Officers — International Live-Stock Expositions, 
 1900-1904 700-713 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 CHICAGO GRAIN TRADE. 
 
 An Example of Marvelous Development— Progress of Fifty Years— The 
 Chicago Board of Trade— State Laws Regtilating Warehoiases and 
 Grain Inspection— List of Inspectors and Registrars— Chicago Stand- 
 ard of Inspection Widely Accepted — History of Elevator System — A 
 Chicago Grain Elevator and Its Operation Described— Grain Trade Sta- 
 tistics— 1900 a Record Breaking Year 713-716 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL-Y. M. C. A. ORGANIZATION. 
 
 Chicago Manual Training School — Its Origin and Object— Work Accom- 
 plished in Twenty-odd Years of Its History — Number of Graduates — 
 Merged With the University of Chicago— Armour Technological School 
 — Young Men's Christian Association of Illinois — Its History of Fifty 
 Years— Present Strength and Status of the Organization— Y. M. C. A. 
 Building in Chicago 717-720 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS, 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 The Chieag'o Public Library— An Outgrowth of the Great Fire of 1871 — 
 Thomas Ilug'hes, the English Author, a Leader in the I\I<)veinent— His- 
 tory of the Library Building— Statistics for the Year 1904— Chi- 
 cago Historical Library — Its Origin and History — Newberry Library — 
 Joiin Crerar Lil)rary— Evanston Free Public Library 720-726 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 CHICAGO POSTOFFIOE. 
 
 Pioneer ]\Iail Service- How Letters Were Brought to Fort Dearborn in 
 1817- The First PostofRee in Chicago Established in 1831— Picture 
 of First Office — Growth of Business in Seventy-two Years — Volume of 
 lousiness in 1903— Personal Sketches of Postmasters— New Postoffice 
 liuilding-- Number of Employes and Heads of Departments— Statis- 
 tics of Business for Year Ending June 30, 1904 726-733 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 CHICAGO FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Historj' of Origin and Progress of Fire Department— First Volunteer 
 Fire Company Organized in 1832— Early Methods of Fighting Fires 
 — Fii'st Chicago Fire in 1834— Loss Contrasted with the Fire of 1871 
 — Early Volunteer Fire Organizations — List of Chief Engineers — Paid 
 Fire Department Organized in 1859 — Chief Marshals,'' 1859-1904— 
 Present Organization of Department— Outfit and Value of Fire Appa- 
 ratus, Buildings and Other Property — The Fire-Boat Service— A Great 
 Fir(> Tragedy— The Iroquois Theater Disaster of December 30, 1903— 
 History of the Fire Alarm Service. . .; 733-740 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 MUNICIPAL LIGHTING. 
 
 First Attempt at Illumination at Old Fort Dearborn— Progress of One 
 Hundred Years— Prom tbe Pine-Knot to the Electric Light System— 
 Electric Lighting Introduced in 1887— History and Efjuipment of Cen- 
 tral Stations — Ag-gregate Cost of the Entire Municipal Ijighting Sys- 
 tem—Police and Fire Alarm Telegraph Sc^rviee 741-744 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 CHIC A( JO WATER SERVICE. 
 
 Early (Conditions as to the Cliicago Watci- Supply — Public Well T^ug in 
 1834— First Pumping Station and Ri'sei-voir Constructed in 1840— 
 New Wsiti'r Works Set in Operation in 1854— The System Adopted and 
 the First Two-Mile Tunnel (Joiiipleti-d in 1867-Ot.her Tunnels Con- 
 st rncted-Pri'sent (Jondition of tlie Chicago Wat,er System 744-747 
 
HISTORICAL EiNCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 HEALTH DEPARTMENT— FREE BATHS. 
 
 History of the Chicago Health Department— The Cholera Epidemic of 
 18.32— First Health Board Appointed in 1833— Changes in the System 
 —List of Members of Different Health Boards— Public Baths— Chica- 
 go the First City in the World to Establish a System of Free Baths- 
 Carter H. Harrison Bath House Opened in 1894— Other Bathing Sta- 
 tions—Beneficial Effect of the System on the Public Health— McKinley 
 Park Swimming Pool \ 747-750 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 HARBORS, FERRIES AND BRIDGES. 
 
 First White Visitors to the Chicago River — Importance of a Harbor at 
 Chicago Attracts Attention in 1814 — Illinois and Michigan Canal and 
 Chicago Harbor Twin Enterprises — First Step in Improvement of 
 Calumet Harbor and River Begun in 1870— Rank of Chicago as a 
 Maritime Port— History of Ferries and Bridges— First Ferry Estab- 
 lished in 1829— Advance from the Indian Canoe to the Bascule 
 Bridge 750-754 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 First Attempt to Organize a Drainage and Sewerage System for Chicago 
 in 1847— Drainage and Sewerage Commissions Appointed in 1852 
 and 1855— The Sewerage Commission Gives Place to a Board of Public 
 Works in 1861— Changes of the Last Fifty Years— Extent and Cost of 
 System— Tlie Drainage Canal— Its History and Extent— Cost of the 
 Work over $45,000,000 755-758 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 CHICAGO CENTENNIAL JUBILEE. 
 
 Celebration of Hundredth Anniversary of the Founding of Fort Dear- 
 born—Marvelous Progress of a Hundred Years— Representatives of In- 
 dian Tribes Take Part in the Exercises— Historical Tablets— Brilliant 
 Fireworks Display— Industrial Parade — Reunion of Old Settlers 758-765 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 GENERAL REVIEW. 
 
 Business Conditions— Notable City Improvements in 1904— Financial and 
 Trade Conditions— Live Stock Business— Grain Trade— Board of Trade 
 Affairs— Insurance Business— Theatrical Matters— The New City Char- 
 ter Question— Practical Unanimity on the Subject in the State Legis- 
 lature—Results Anticipated in Another Year 765-770 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 Early Chicago Cemeteries — Locations of South and North Side Burial 
 Grounds Prior to 1840 — First Chicago City Cemetery Now Part oi Lin- 
 coln Park— Further Burials There Prohibited in 1859 — Rose Hill Cem- 
 etery Dedicated July 28. 1859 770-771 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 TOWNSHIP HISTORY. 
 
 Cook County First Divided Into Precincts — Township Organization in 1850 
 — Successive Reorganizations and Present List of Townships — Popula- 
 tion by To^^^lships in 1900— Townships Embraced in City of Chi- 
 cago — Individual IILstory of To^vnships Outside the City of Chicago — 
 Barrington, Blooan and Bremen — Calumet and Worth Townships — City 
 of Blue Island— Cicero, Berwyn and Oak Park Townships — Elk Grove 
 Township — Evanston Township and City — Hanover — Lamont — Ley- 
 den— Lyons and Stickney Townships— Maine — New Trier — Niles— 
 Northfield— Norwood Park— Orland — Palatine — Palos — Proviso — 
 Rich — Riverside Township and Village — Schaumburg — Thornton Town- 
 ship—Harvey City— Other Towns and Villages — Wheeling Township 
 and Arlington Heights Village 771-801 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 The Part of Biogra])hy in General History — Citizens of Cook County— 
 I'ei'sonal Skelelies Arranged in Encyclopedic Order— (These Being Ar- 
 ranged Alpliabetically, no List of Names of Individual Subjects is 
 Here Deemed Necessary.) 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Portraits and Illustrations. 
 
 Adler, Peter (Biography 803) 804 
 
 Along Sheridan Road— On the Boulevards 758 
 
 Ashby, James H. (Biography 810) 700 
 
 Belfield, Henry H. (Biography 820) 720 
 
 Best, John E. (Biography 822) 796 
 
 Board of Trade Building, Chicago 277 
 
 Bradwell, James B. (Biography 58) 618 
 
 Brintnall, Solva (Biography 834) 702 
 
 Brosseau, Zenophile P. (Biography 835) 716 
 
 Burned District— Chicago Fire 1871. 276 
 
 Basse, William (Biography 842) 780 
 
 Chase, Charles C. (Biography 849) 624 
 
 Chase, Horace G. (Biography 848) 620 
 
 Chase, Samuel B. (Biography 850) 622 
 
 Chicago Academy of Sciences '. 394 
 
 Chicago Historical Society Building 394 
 
 Chicago Manual Training Building— University of Chicago ". . 718 
 
 Chicago Public Buildings 395 
 
 Chicago Thoroughfares 740 
 
 Crawford, Andrew (Biography 859) 626 
 
 Day after Chicago Fire 92 
 
 Dixon, Arthur (Biography 865) 628 
 
 Early Historic Scenes, Cliieago 170 
 
 Early Historic Scenes, Chicago (No. 2) 171 
 
 Eberhart, John F. (Biography 873) 630 
 
 Farwell, John V. (Biography 878) 632 
 
 First Post Office- where kept 728 
 
 Fitzwilliam, Francis J. (Biography 880) 634 
 
 Fort Dearborn— View from the West (1808 246 
 
 Fort Dearborn— View from Southeast( 1808) 247 
 
 Fort Dearborn (1853) 247 
 
 Gale, Daniel W. (Biography 885) 884 
 
 Gale, Stephen F. (Biography 886) 636 
 
 George, John B. (Biography 888) 888 
 
 Goodall, Harvey L. (Biography 891) 704 
 
 Goodrich. Adams A. (BiographV 893) 640 
 
 Grannis, William C. D. (Biography 894) 638 
 
 Halsted, Henry S. (Biography 898) 660 
 
 Hammer, D. Harry (Biography 899) 646 
 
 Harless, Thomas H. (Biography 900) 668 
 
 Harris, James H. (Biography 902) 798 
 
 Hastings. Lewis R. (Biography 903) 706 
 
 Ilayward, Henry J. (Biography 1030) 662 
 
 Head, Franklin H. (Biography 904) 652 
 
 Healy, James J. (Biography 905) 664 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 Hereudeen, Charles (Biography 907) 658 
 
 Hervey, Robert (Biography 910) 666 
 
 Hibbard, William G. '(Biography 911) 650 
 
 Hoffman. Peter M. (Biography 912) 784 
 
 Honore, Henry H. (Biography 914) 654 
 
 Hotz, Christoph (BiosTaphv 916) 644 
 
 Hovt. W. :\I. (Biography 919) 648 
 
 Hurd, Harvey B. (Biography 240j 642 
 
 Hutchinson, Jonas (Biography 923) 656 
 
 Illinois State Building, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 601 
 
 Johnson, William 0. (Biography 925) 926 
 
 Jones, Daniel A. (Biography 926) 670 
 
 Jones, Fernando (Biography 928) 678 
 
 Jones, George P. (BiogTaphy 929) 672 
 
 Jones, William (Biography 309) 676 
 
 Lincoln Pai'k Vistas 752 
 
 ^Mathews, Thomas (Biography 945) 944 
 
 Map of Grounds, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 600 
 
 ^IcCausland, Samuel G. (Biography 946) 708 
 
 IMeCormick Seminary, Chicago 362 
 
 McKnight, George F. (Biography 949) 680 
 
 Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago 90 
 
 ^lonuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago 206 
 
 ^lonuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago 207 
 
 :\roore, Charles E. (Biography 953) 954 
 
 Newberry Library. Chicago 394 
 
 Otis, Joseph E. (Biography 965) 682 
 
 Palmer, Potter (Biography 966) 684 
 
 Pock, Ferdinand W. (Biography 970) 686 
 
 Philbrick. George A. (Biography 975) 688 
 
 Porter, Rogers (Biography 978) 978 
 
 Powell, M. W. (Biography 979) 691) 
 
 Rappal, Frederick J. and Sons (Biography 986) 714 
 
 Runyan, Eben F. (Biography 986) 692 
 
 Scones in South Park 746 
 
 Sonne, Henry C. (Biography 993) 786 
 
 Sexton, Patrick J. (Biography 993) 694 
 
 Staples. :\lason L. (Biography 1000) 788 
 
 Stobbins, Honiy S. (Biography 1000) 1000 
 
 Swonio, Denis J. (Biography (1005) 734 
 
 Tatham, Robert ]j. i Biograpliy 1007) 69(J 
 
 Turnor, Charles C. (Biography 1013) 1012 
 
 r. S. riovorniiient Building— Chicago Postoffiee (Frontispiece Vol. IT.) 
 
 I'nivorsity of Chicairo 363 
 
 \'iiii Xftrman, TJcorgo B. (Biography 1014) 710 
 
 Views in [jinoohi Park, Chicago '. .. 91 
 
 \V;itl<iiis, Klia.s T. (lii(i<i-ra[)hv 1018) 1018 
 
 Wood, Sjiiiiue] E. fliiograi)hy 1027) 712 
 
 World's Viur Tiuildings 764 
 
 YatoH. IT. H. (Biotrrai)hy 1028) 1028 
 
 Vf.iing, Frank \V. (Biography 1028) 698 
 
HISTORY or COOK COUNTY. 
 
 [Part of Special Local Edition of Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois.] 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY. 
 
 JEAN NICOLET DISCOVERS LAKE MICHIGAN — CONJEC- 
 TURES AS TO EXTENl OF HIS EXPLORATIONS 
 
 THE PEUROT EXPEDITION — THE LOCALITY OK CHI- 
 CAGO VISITED BY WHITE MEN ARRIVAL OF JOL- 
 
 lET AND MARQUETTE DISCOVERY OF ILLINOIS 
 
 RIVER THE KASKASKIAS MARQUETTE'S SEC- 
 OND VISIT SPENDS THE WINTER ON THE CHI 
 
 CAGO RIVER — ^RETURNS NORTH BY THE EASTERN 
 SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN HIS DEATH. 
 
 Although Cook County, as a political division, 
 ranks in the class of younger counties in the 
 State of Illinois, there is evidence that it was, 
 in all probability, the first section comprised 
 within the present limits of the State to be 
 visited by white men. The spirit of exploration 
 directed towards the region about the great 
 lakes, had received a strong impulse among the 
 parly French settlers at Quebec, under the 
 vigorous administration of Samuel de Cham- 
 plain in the first half of the seventeenth cen- 
 tury, and, according to the "Jesuit Relations," 
 Jean Nicolet, one of Champlain's trusted pupils, 
 in company with two missionaries, Fathers 
 Brebeuf and Daniel, reached the northern and 
 western shore of Lake Michigan as early as 
 1634. He thus became the discoverer of Lake 
 Michigan, and, having entered Green Bay, 
 !iscended the Fox River of Wisconsin to the 
 617—1 
 
 portage of the Wisconsin River, anticipating 
 the expedition of Joliet and Marquette by 
 nearly forty years. It is even claimed by some 
 authorities (especially by Shea and Parkman) 
 that Nicolet reached the Mississippi and sailed 
 some distance down that stream, though this is 
 discredited in other quarters. There seems to 
 be more conclusive evidence that he extended 
 his explorations southward into the present lim- 
 its of Illinois, although the exact locality 
 reached is uncertain. It seems highly probable, 
 however, that in his southward march he may 
 have approached the western shore of Lake 
 Michigan, and this wbuld have brought him to 
 the vicinity of Chicago. The career of this 
 intrepid explorer was cut short by drowning, 
 near Quebec, in 1642. 
 
 In the years following the Nicolet expedition, 
 which reached the Sault Ste. Marie at the foot 
 of Lake Superior, the activity of the warlike 
 Iroquois prevented the advance of the Jesuit 
 missionaries and their fellow explorers in the 
 northwestern lake region, and it was not until 
 1658 that two other celebrated French explorers, 
 Radisson and his brother-in-law, Medard Chou- 
 art (known also as Groseilliers), reached the 
 southwestern shore of Lake Superior and win- 
 tered at La Pointe, in the vicinity of what is 
 now Ashland, Wis. It is claimed that Radisson 
 and Groseilliers penetrated as far west as the 
 Mississippi, and even descended that river a 
 long distance. They were followed by Nicholas 
 Perrot who, between 1670 and 1690, spent much 
 time in explorations about the junction of Lakes 
 Michigan, Huron and Superior, and followed 
 the example of Nicolet by visiting the Fox 
 River valley in Wisconsin. He also took a 
 
6i8 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 prominent part in the conference between the 
 French and a number of native tribes held at 
 Sault Ste. Marie on June 14, 1671, acting as the 
 principal interpreter on that occasion. It has 
 also been claimed that he extended his explora- 
 tions to the Mississippi and made the first dis- 
 covery of lead in the vicinity of -Galena. 
 Charlevoix, who visited this region in 1679 and 
 1700, also credits Perrot with having advanced 
 as far south as Chicago, which he mentions by 
 name and describes as situated "at the lower 
 end of Lake Michigan where the Miamis then 
 were." While this would seem to leave no doubt 
 that Perrot visited the head of Lake Michigan 
 at that early day, it by no means determines 
 the fact that the locality mentioned by the 
 name of "Chicago" was the same as that of the 
 city of to-day, as three other rivers were known 
 by the name of Chicago, with somewhat different 
 spellings, about that time, viz.: The St. Joseph, 
 the Grand Calumet and the Des Plaines. Besides 
 this, it is claimed that the Miamis were never 
 located on the present site of Chicago, but that 
 they did have a settlement about the mouth of 
 the St. Joseph, at the southeast border of the 
 lake. 
 
 This brings us to what has been universally 
 accepted as the best authenticated — if not the 
 first — visit of French explorers to the locality 
 now known as Chicago. This was accomplished 
 through ihe expedition set on foot by Jean 
 Talon, the French Intendant of Canada, and 
 authorized by Count de Frontenac, the Gover- 
 nor, under the command of Louis Joliet, who 
 Lad already spent some years in an offieial 
 exploration of the copper-mine region of Lake 
 Superior. The object of this expedition was to 
 explore the Mississippi River and, by fol- 
 lowing its course, settle the question regard- 
 ing the location of its mouth, which was then 
 believed to be on the border of the "South 
 Sea" (or Gulf of California), thus opening a 
 highway across the continent to Eastern Asia. 
 Joliet left Quebec In the fall of 1872, and, hav- 
 ing spent the winter at Mlchlllmacklnac (Mack- 
 inac), on the 17th of May following, sot out 
 from the mlBslon of St. Ignace in (»mpany with 
 JacqufH Marriuotto, a Jesuit missionary, and 
 five other Frf-nchmen, with two birch bark 
 canoeq and a meager stock of provisions. In 
 search of tho great river. Father Maniuntlc, 
 havInK Hpent the preceding three or four years 
 among the Indlan-t at Sault Ste. Marin and at 
 I-a Polntf on thf> Botithwent shorr; of Lake 
 
 Superior, besides being zealously devoted to 
 missionary work in which he had been engaged, 
 was especially well fitted to act as an interpre- 
 ter and win the favor of the Indians whom 
 they were likely to encounter. The expedition 
 having passed through Green Bay and Lake 
 Winnebago, entered the Fox River of Wisconsin, 
 which they ascended under the direction of 
 Indian guides to the portage connecting with 
 the Wisconsin. Then, transferring their 
 canoes to the Wisconsin, they descended that 
 stream to its mouth, entering the Mississippi 
 on June 17, 1673. Continuing their journey 
 down the latter stream for one month, they 
 are believed by some to have reached the 
 mouth of the Arkansas River, while others 
 maintain that they did not proceed farther 
 south than a short distance below the mouth of 
 the Ohio, when, their course having been 
 arrested by a tribe of Indians known as the 
 Mausopelas, they turned back. In the absence 
 of definite information as to distances traveled 
 and points passed, the absolute solution of this 
 question at this day seems impossible, though 
 there are strong reasons tending to sustain the 
 latter view. An incident of the journey south- 
 ward was the startling surprise given to Mar- 
 quette and his fellow-voyagers at the sight of 
 what was supposed to be a painting on the face 
 of the cliff, a short distance above where the 
 city of Alton now stands. This picture, whether 
 a work of aboriginal art or produced by natu- 
 ral seams in the rock, was vividly described by 
 Marquette in his journal, and was widely known 
 in the first half of the last century under the 
 name of "The Piasa Bird," but has wholly 
 disappeared within the last generation before 
 the quarryman and the advances of civilization. 
 (See "Piasa Bird, Legend of The." — His. 
 Encyc. of III, Vol. I.) Other noteworthy points 
 passed in this historic voyage included the 
 mouth of the Missouri River, to which Mar - 
 quette gave the name of the Pekitanoui; the 
 site of the present city of St. Louis and that of 
 Old Kaskaskia, which, within the next half 
 century, became the seat of power for the 
 French possessions west and south of the great 
 lakes. 
 
 Retracing their course from the lower Mis- 
 sisslppi, Joli«t and his companions entered the 
 river Illinois, which they ascended, making a 
 stop of three days, en route, at the village of 
 the Peorlas about where the city of Peoria now 
 stands, and later at the "Illinois Town of the 
 
HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 619 
 
 Kaskasklas," in the vicinity of the present vil- 
 lage of Utica in LaSalle County. This local- 
 ity, as it will be seen later, eventually became 
 the seat of French power in the "Illinois Coun- 
 try" for some twenty years, as well as the cen- 
 ter of a large Indian population. According to 
 the statement of Marquette, having promised to 
 "return and instruct" them, he and his com- 
 panions were escorted by a chief and a number 
 of his tribe to the shore of the "Lac des Illi- 
 nois," as Lake Michigan was then called, whence 
 they continued their journey to Green Bay, 
 arriving there about the close of September. 
 The journey was made from the "Town of the 
 Kaskaskias," by ascending the Illinois and the 
 Des Plaines rivers to the point where the port- 
 age was made to the Chicago River. The iden- 
 tity of the stream referred to under this name 
 has been matter of considerable discussion, 
 and has given rise to some diversity of opinion. 
 While the earlier historians, including Shea, 
 Parkman, and others, have generally accepted 
 the theory that it was the Chicago River of 
 to-day, and that Joliet and his companions were 
 the first white men to stand on the site of the 
 present city of Chicago, this has been quest- 
 tioned by later authors. One reason for this 
 doubt grows out of the fact, already alluded to, 
 that between 1670 and 1700 there were three 
 other rivers which bore the name of "The Chi- 
 cago" — the St. Joseph, the Grand Calumet and 
 the Des Plaines. For reasons which seem to 
 have considerable weight, a number of later 
 students of this period — including the late Prof. 
 Albert D. Hager, former Secretary of the Chi- 
 cago Historical Society — have maintained that 
 the river by which Joliet and his party entered 
 Lake Michigan was the Grand Calumet. The 
 only point upon which there would seem to be 
 no doubt is the fact that these explorers, who 
 were the first to leave a written record of their 
 visit to this region, reached Lake Michigan 
 near its southern limit late in the summer of 
 1673. Whether that was by the Chicago RiAer 
 of to-day or by some stream which then bore 
 that name, there seems absolutely no doubt that 
 it was in the immediate vicinity of the present 
 city of Chicago, if not upon its site. 
 
 On October 25, 1674, Father Marquette, accom- 
 panied by two French boatmen, started from 
 Green Bay with the intention of carrying out 
 his plan, determined upon during his visit of 
 the previous year, of establishing a mission 
 among the Illinois Indians. As he kept a jour- 
 
 nal of his travels during this period, a transla- 
 tion of which was published nearly fifty years 
 ago, there is no difficulty in tracing his journey 
 from Green Bay along the western shore of Lake 
 Michigan to its head, and identifying many of 
 the points at which he and his companions 
 camped for the night or made brief stops. The 
 journey occupied about a month. On the 20th 
 of November he mentions having "cabined" 
 (camped) in great discomfort ou account of 
 the wind and cold at "the Bluffs," which is 
 believed to have been "Lake Bluff," now known 
 as Lake Forest, about thirty miles north of 
 Chicago. In the entry for the next day he 
 speaks of having had "hard enough work to 
 make a river" (which was necessary in order 
 to effect a landing, especially in stormy 
 weather) and find a camping ground. Here 
 they were detained three days. From the 
 description given of the mouth of this river, 
 and the time occupied in reaching it from "the 
 Bluffs," there would appear to be strong reason 
 for believing that it was the Chicago River of 
 to-daj. One reason for this conclusion is the 
 fact that he mentions the "large sand-banks 
 off the shore," which was a peculiarity of the 
 mouth of the Chicago River when it became 
 known to white men at the beginning of the 
 last century. Under date of November 27th, 
 the journal makes mention of the "hard work 
 to get out of the river," after which they "made 
 about three leagues" (approximately seven and 
 a half English miles), where they were detailed 
 by the wind for the remainder of the month. 
 On December 1st, the party made another start, 
 and. after meeting many difficulties on account 
 of the weather, on the 4th they appear to have 
 reached what Marquette calls "Portage River" 
 — for the reason, no doubt, that it was the chan- 
 nel by which a portage was obtained to the Des 
 Plaines. This stream was found frozen over, 
 and, after drawing their boats up this river on 
 the ice two leagues (about five miles), in view 
 of the obstacles in the way of making further 
 progress, and Marquette's continued illness, it 
 was decided to winter there. Here again arises 
 the question as to the identity of the stream 
 where Marquette wintered. That it was on 
 the same stream by which he entered Lake 
 Michigan from the south on his first visit is evi- 
 dent from an entry in his journal a few weeks 
 later, which will be referred to farther on in 
 this history. It has been claimed that the 
 cabin which he occupied belonged to two French 
 
620 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 traders who had preceded Marquette on his 
 second visit here, and the generally accepted 
 theory has been that it was situated on the 
 South Branch of the Chicago River about what 
 was known as "Lee's place," or "Hardscrabble," 
 in the early part of the last century. Professor 
 Hager, who has already been quoted, is of the 
 opinion, however, that the "Portage River" 
 mentioned by Marquette was the Little Calu- 
 met, and that the location of his cabin may 
 have been on or in the vicinity of what is 
 known as "Indian Ridge" and near Calumet 
 Lake. While this question is of interest chiefly 
 in a speculative sense, there is abundant evi- 
 dence, as already shown, not only that both 
 rivers were known by the name of the "Chick- 
 agou," but that both were used for securing a 
 portage to the Des Plaines. 
 
 During his stay on "Portage River," Mar- 
 quette was visited by a number of Indians who 
 brought him provisions, and by a French sur- 
 geon, who came from a village eighteen leagues 
 (about 45 miles) distaiit, where there was 
 another Frenchman named Pierre Moreau — 
 these two men being reputed owners of the 
 cabin which Marquette occupied. The exact 
 locality of the village mentioned by Marquette 
 is unknown, although it has been conjectured 
 that it may have been about where the city of 
 Joliet now is, as it appears that it was on the 
 way to the village of the Kaskaskias, which 
 Marquette had set out to reach. On March 29, 
 1675, Marquette and his companions were com- 
 pelled to break camp on account of a sudden 
 flood caused by the breaking up of the ice and a 
 consequent gorge in the stream on which they 
 were located. This appears to have flooded the 
 Rurrounding country, and Marquette and his 
 party, having placed their property in trees 
 above the reach of the Hood, sought a camping 
 place on some hillocks in the vicinity. On the 
 30th they started to complete the portage to the 
 Des Plaines, which they reached the next day 
 at a point of which he speaks in his journal as 
 the same where "we l)egan our portage more 
 than eighteen months ago" — that is to say, on 
 the journey of himself and .Joliet from the vil- 
 lage of the KaJikasklaH en route to Mackinac 
 during the Hummer of ir>73. In his entry of 
 April iHt, at thiH point, he speaks of the French 
 villaK'* f which they hoped to reach the next 
 (lay), aH hIIII flftcen leagues distant, though 
 they were detained here by contrary winds until 
 the 6th, at which date his journal brcjiks off. 
 
 Father Dablon, the Superior of Marquette, In 
 his report of the labors of the latter, claims 
 that the devoted missionary reached the village 
 of the Kaskaskias in eleven days after breaking 
 camp at Portage River — which would have made 
 the date of his arrival at the Indian village 
 April 8th — and gives a detailed account of his 
 work in founding there the "Mission of the 
 Immaculate Conception." If this statement is 
 correct, Marquette's stay must have been very 
 brief; for, only a few days later, admonished 
 by his failing health, we find him and his two 
 faithful companions on their return towards the 
 mission of St. Ignace, which he hoped to reach 
 in time to end his life there, although his 
 hope was not to be realized. Dablon says he 
 traveled thirty leagues (about 80 miles) to the 
 lake "upon whose waters he had to journey 
 nearly 100 leagues by an unknown route 
 whereon he had never traveled before." This 
 evidently refers to the route by the lake, and 
 there is nothing in this inconsistent with the 
 assumption that his return to the lake was by 
 the same route over which he had recently 
 traveled to reach the Des Plaines. If this had 
 been upon the Calumet, it would seem to be but 
 natural that, finding himself near the southern 
 end of the lake, the idea may have occurred to 
 him of endeavoring to reach St. Ignace "by an 
 unknown route," as Father Dablon expresses 
 it, along the eastern shore, believing this to be 
 the shortest route to his destination (St. 
 Ignace), whether that was at that time on 
 Mackinac Island or on the north shore of the 
 Straits of that name — which the late John G. 
 Shea confesses to be a matter of doubt. As 
 for Marquette himself, he has left no record 
 over his own name of this part of his journey, 
 the last entry in his journal bearing the date 
 of his arrival at the Des Plaines on his way 
 to the village of the Kaskaskias. On the 18th 
 of May — forty-two days after this last record 
 by his o«v"n hand — this zealous missionary and 
 famous discoverer breathed his last in camp 
 on the eastern shore of the lake at the mouth 
 of what Is now, in honor of his memory, called 
 the Marquette River, about where the town 
 of Ludington, Mich., now stands. While, as 
 has already boon shown, there is doubt as to 
 the exact locality on which he camped during 
 his two visits to this region, there Is no doubt 
 that he left the first written description of the 
 country embraced in what Is now known as 
 Cook (bounty, ami his name will always be Inti- 
 
HISTOETCAL EI^TCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 621 
 
 mately associated with this most interesting 
 and romantic period in the history of Chicago. 
 (See Joliet, Louis, and Marquette, Jacques, — 
 Hist. Encyc. of III. Yol. I.) 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 PERIOD OF FRENCH OCCUPATION. 
 
 FRENCH TRADERS AND MISSIONAIUES IN THE "ILLI- 
 NOIS country" ARRIVAL OF LASALLE DIS- 
 COVERIES OF THE GREAT EXPLORER — THE HENRY 
 
 M. STANLEY OF HIS AGE DISASTER OF "THE 
 
 GRIFFON" HENRY DE TONTY — LASALLE REACHES 
 
 THE ILLINOIS BY WAY OF THE KANKAKEE — THE 
 STORY OF FORT CREVE-COEUR — LASALLE EXPLORES 
 
 THE MISSISSIPPI TO ITS MOUTH LOUISIANA IS 
 
 NAMED — FORT ST. LOTUS ERECTED ON "STARVED 
 
 ROCK" TRAGIC FATE OF THE GREAT EXPLORER — 
 
 UNCERTAINTY ABOUT LOCATION OF THE FIRST 
 CHICAGO RIVER. 
 
 During the five years' interval Immediately 
 following Marquette's second visit to the Illi- 
 nois Country, there would seem to be no doubt 
 that this region was roamed over by many 
 French traders, hunters and missionaries from 
 Canada and the locality about Mackinac and 
 Green Bay. Among the missionary class the 
 most noteworthy visitor was Father Allouez, 
 who had been engaged in missionary work 
 about Green Bay for a number of years, and 
 who, in 1677, came to the village of the Kaskas- 
 kias to complete the work undertaken by Mar- 
 quette, two years earlier, by founding a mis- 
 sion there. He is reputed Lo have been met by 
 a delegation of Illinois Indians at the mouth 
 of the Chicago River, and conducted to his 
 destination, as well as to have spent two years 
 there between 1678 and 1680, and again visited 
 Chicago in 1684, when there was a French fort 
 in this vicinity under command of Col. Duran- 
 taye. The actual location of this fort, however, 
 is matter of uncertainty, but will be touched 
 upon later. 
 
 The most important arrival following the 
 visit of Marquette and Joliet was that of Robert 
 Cav61ier, Sieur de LaSalle, who became for a 
 time, under the authority of the King of France, 
 
 the virtual proprietor of the "Illinois Country," 
 and did more to attract attention to that region 
 and open it up to the knowledge of the rest of 
 the world than all of his predecessors. This 
 celebrated explorer is credited by some histori- 
 ans — especially by his biographer, Pierre Mar- 
 gry — with having reached the Illinois and Mis- 
 sissippi Rivers by way of the Chicago portage, 
 as early as 1670, thus preceding Marquette's 
 lirst visit by three years. Although this theory 
 is accepted in part by the historian Parkman, 
 Mr. Shea is of the opinion that the "Chicaugou" 
 River reached by LaSalle, at this time, was the 
 St. Joseph of Michigan. There is, however, a 
 lack of documentary evidence to sustain the 
 assumption of M. Margry, who bases his con- 
 clusion upon reported conversations with 
 LaSalle previous to 1678 and a letter from a 
 niece of LaSalle's written nearly eighty years 
 after his reputed visit to Illinois. However 
 much or little credence may be given to this 
 story of LaSalle's early arrival in this region, 
 there can be no doubt of the importance of the 
 discoveries made by this greatest or French 
 explorers, or of the fact that the most thor- 
 ough explorations, not only of the Illinois Coun- 
 try but of the Mississippi Valley, by any single 
 man up to this period, were those undertaken by 
 him. In a certain sense he may be regarded as 
 the Henry M. Stanley of his age. What the 
 latter accomplished a quarter of a century 
 ago in penetrating into the heart of the "Dark 
 Continent," LaSalle, by his explorations 
 through the heart of the American Continent, 
 from the St. Lawrence far towards the Rio 
 Grande in the southwest, including the discov- 
 ery of the mouth of the Mississippi, accom- 
 plished in the face of greater obstacles than 
 Stanley had to encounter and with inferior 
 resources. 
 
 Beginning his career as an explorer in 1669, 
 there is ground for believing that LaSalle was 
 the first Frenchman to reach the Ohio River, 
 which he did from Canada, descending that 
 stream, as claimed by some, to the falls below 
 Louisville, and by others to its mouth. During 
 the next ten years he made extensive excursions 
 to "the south and into the lake region of the 
 West, with three voyages to his native France 
 for the purpose of procuring supplies and 
 obtaining grants from the crown. In 1679 he 
 constructed and launched on the Niagara River, 
 above the falls, the first vessel larger than the 
 Indian canoe to navigate the lakes. With this 
 
622 
 
 HISTORICAL EN^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 vessel (uamed "The Griffon") loaded with sup- 
 plies and men for his expedition, he made the 
 voyage from the eastern end of Lake Erie to 
 Green Bay, arri^^ng at the latter in September. 
 "The Griffon," having discharged its cargo on 
 one of the islands at the entrance of Green Bay, 
 was reloaded with furs and sent back to Canada, 
 with instructions to return with another cargo 
 of supplies and join LaSalle at the head of Lake 
 Michigan, but was never heard of again. 
 -Ajnong those accompanying LaSalle on this 
 expedition was Henry de Tonty, who had joined 
 LaSalle in France, and finally became his sec- 
 ond in command. On the day "The Griffon" 
 sailed on its return to Niagara, LaSalle left 
 Green Bay at the head of a party of seventeen 
 men (including three priests) in four canoes, 
 for the mouth of the St. Joseph River at the 
 head of Lake Michigan. Following the west- 
 ern shore of the lake and passing by the site of 
 Chicago, he arrived at his destination on Novem- 
 ber 1st, expecting there to meet Tonty. who had 
 been ordered to proceed from Mackinac with 
 another party by the eastern shore. The arrival 
 of Tonty's party was delayed, however, some 
 twenty days, LaSalle occupying the interval in 
 erecting a fort at the mouth of the river to 
 which he gave the name of the "Fort of the 
 Miamis" — the river having received its name 
 from the Miami Indians, then settled on its 
 banks. Tonty's party having finally arrived, 
 on December 3d, LaSalle set out with eight 
 tanoes and thirty-three men to ascend the St. 
 Joseph to the portage from that stream to the 
 Theakiki (Kankakee), leaving four men at the 
 fort sls a guard, and to await the expected 
 arrival of "The Griffon." The portage was 
 finally effected from the vicinity of the present 
 village of South Bend, Ind., requiring the trans- 
 portation of canoes and baggage overland a dis- 
 tance of four miles. Having again oml)arked, 
 this time on the waters of the Kankakee, the 
 party descended that stream to the Illinois, and, 
 by the latter, to the village of the Kaskaskias, 
 which had been visited by Joliel and Marquette 
 in 1073. Their arrival here was on January 
 1. 1680, but flnding the village deserted, they 
 pro<pede<l to that of the Peorlas on I'corla 
 I.Ake fthen called Plmltiwul), where they 
 arrived on January 4th. Mere J^aSalln made 
 hli flrHt extendMl stop and began the erection 
 of a fort on the east side of the lake near Its 
 foot, to which he Kave the name of "Fort Crevp- 
 Coeur" rnrokcn Heart ), and ali;o began the 
 
 construction of a boat, with which he expected 
 to explore the Mississippi River to its mouth. 
 Being in want of material to complete his ves- 
 sel, which he had hoped to receive by "The 
 Griffon," on March 2d, accompanied by four 
 P'renchmen and one Indian, he started on his 
 return to Canada by way of the mouth of the 
 St. .Joseph, leaving Tonty, with the rest of his 
 party, at Creve-Coeur. Before leaving he dis- 
 patched Michael Accault and Father Hennepin, 
 by way of the Illinois, to the Mississippi with 
 instructions to ascend the latter to the region 
 occupied by the Sioux. (See Accault and Hen- 
 7t€pin, — Hist. Encyc. of III., Vol. I.) Soon after 
 LaSalle's departure, the bulk of the party left 
 at Fort CreveCoeur mutinied during the tem- 
 porary absence of Tonty on a visit to the vil- 
 lage of the Kaskaskias, burned the fort, and 
 returning on their way to Canada by the mouth 
 of the St. Joseph, subjected the fort there to a 
 like fate. Tonty, finding himself deserted by 
 all but five of his party, made his way back to 
 Green Bay and spent the next winter among the 
 Pottawatomies. LaSalle, after being detained 
 in Canada for several months by a succession of 
 reverses, started on his return west by way of 
 Mackinac, arriving at the fort at the mouth 
 of the St. Joseph early in November and, later 
 descending the Illinois, saw the havoc wrought 
 by the mutineers at Creve-Coeur. Having spent 
 the following winter at Fort St. Joseph, in the 
 spring he proceeded to Mackinac, where he met 
 Tonty and Father Membre, who had belonged to 
 the expedition of 1680. After another trip to 
 Canada, in which he was accompanied by Tonty, 
 the latter part of December, 1681, found him 
 again at Fort St. Joseph. Making the portage 
 by way of what he called "the Chicago River" 
 (where Tonty had preceded him) to the Des 
 Plaines, he entered upon his third descent of 
 the Illinois, making a part of the journey upon 
 the ice and arriving at the confluence of the 
 Illinois with the Mississippi, February 6, 1682. 
 With a few companions he and Tonty continued 
 their course to the mouth of the Mississippi, 
 where they arrived April 9, 1682, and took 
 formal possession of the country in the name 
 of the King of France, giving to it the name of 
 Louisiana. Tho. fourlli and last visit of LaSalle 
 was made in December of the same year, where 
 he had the satisfaction of seeing the realiza- 
 tion of his dream of a fortress on the summit 
 of "Starved Ilock," the erection of which had 
 been begun by Tonty a few moiitlis iirovions. 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 623 
 
 Here he remained during the remainder of the 
 winter and the following summer, but going to 
 France before the close of the year, entered 
 upon the scheme of founding a colony at the 
 mouth of the Mississippi, which ended so disas- 
 trously in his death by treachery at the hands 
 of some of his own followers, on the banks of 
 the Trinity River in Texas, March 19th, 1687. 
 WTiile the career of this great explorer, who did 
 so much to open up Illinois and the Mississippi 
 Valley to Europe in the last quarter of the 
 seventeenth century, belongs rather to general 
 and Scate history than to that of Chicago and 
 Coos County, it still has a deep interest for 
 Chicagoans in view of its influence upon events 
 which tended to make Chicago the entrepot and 
 focal point of those seeking entrance, at that 
 early day, to the region known as the "Illinois 
 Country." There seems little reason for doubt 
 that, at some time — probably more than once 
 — during his later visits to Illinois, this ambi- 
 tious and indefatigable explorer stood on the 
 site of the present city of Chicago, as he cer- 
 tainly saw it on his several voyages up and 
 down the lake past its shores. (See LaSalle, 
 Reni Robert Cavclier, Sieur de; Tonty, Henri 
 de; Fort St. Louis, and Starved Rock. — Hist. 
 Encyc. of III, Vol. I.) In all probability Tonty, 
 who made his headquarters at Fort St. Louis 
 — while making extensive excursions throughout 
 the West, including one in 1686 as far south as 
 the mouth of the Arkansas, in search of LaSalle 
 ■ — not unfrequently had occasion to visit the site 
 of the present city of Chicago, especially on his . 
 journeys to Mackinac. The confusion as to the 
 identity of the Chicago River (or "Chikagoue," 
 as it is spelled on some of the French maps of 
 that time) still remains unsolved, as there is 
 conclusive evidence that the name was applied 
 to the portage leading from the St. Joseph to 
 the Kankakee, as well as that between the Calu- 
 met and the Des Plaines. The frequent men- 
 tor many years after the death of LaSalle — 
 tion, by early French explorers, of the Miami 
 Indians about the mouth of the Chicago River, 
 also militates against the theory that the river, 
 best known at that time by that name, was 
 the Chicago River of to-day, as there is abund- 
 ant evidence that the territory occupied by the 
 Miamis did not extend beyond the southern 
 point of Lake Michigan; whereas, the western 
 shore was occupied by the Mascoutins and the 
 Pottawatomies, with occasionallj' wandering 
 bands of the Kickapoos and Winnebagos. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 EARLY FKENCH FORTIFICATIONS — "FORT CHICAGOU" 
 MENTIONED BY TONTY IN 1685 — REMAINS OF AN 
 
 EARLY FORTIFICATION IN PALOS TOWNSHIP 
 
 INDIAN AND OTHER RELICS FOUND IN THAT 
 VICINITY — FORT GUARIE ON THE NORTH BRANCH 
 
 FIRST CATHOLIC MISSION AT THE VILLAGE OF 
 
 THE KASKASKIAS MISSIONARIES WHO FOL- 
 LOWED MARQUETTE AND ALLOTJEZ A JESUIT 
 
 MISSION ESTABLISHED AT CHICAGO AS EARLY A.S 
 
 1699 VISIT OF ST. COSME MISSIONS BETWEEN 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO AND THE MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 The earliest evidence of the existence of a 
 French fort in the vicinity of Chicago is con- 
 tained in the following entry in a report by 
 Tonty of a trip made, in 1685, from Mackinac 
 — whither he had gone to obtain information 
 regarding LaSalle — to his headquarters at Fort 
 St. Louis. The Tonty record says: 
 
 "I embarked, therefore, (at Mackinac) for 
 the Illinois, on St. Andrew's Day (Oct. 30th, 
 1685); but being stopped by the ice, I was 
 obliged to leave my canoe and to proceed by 
 land. After going one hundred and twenty 
 leagues (about 275 miles), I arrived at the 
 fort of Chicago, where M. de la Durantaye 
 commanded, and from thence I came to Fort 
 St. Louis, where I arrived the middle of Janu- 
 ary (1686)." 
 
 There is no definite information as to the 
 locality of this fort or when it was erected. It 
 has been conjectured, however, that it had been 
 established during the previous year, when 
 Durantaye had been called, with a force of 
 sixty Frenchmen from Mackinac, to assist 
 Tonty in resisting an expected attack by the 
 Iroquois upon Fort St. Louis. , It would seem 
 reasonable to presume that the necessity for 
 the establishment of this fort, as a way station 
 near Lake Michigan, should have been sug- 
 gested by this expedition, and have been fol- 
 lowed out on Durantaye's return. The belief 
 has been expressed in some quarters that the 
 location of this fort was at the junction of the 
 North and South Branches of the Chicago River, 
 while others have maintained that it was at the 
 
624 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 portage between the Calumet and the Des 
 Plaines. "Whether relating to the old Fort of 
 Durantaye or some other structure, the follow- 
 ing extract from a paper contributed, some 
 twenty years ago, by Dr. V. A. Beyer, of Chi- 
 cago, to the Chicago Historical Society, will 
 have a deep interest for the student of local 
 history. In this paper Dr. Boyer says: 
 
 "I have many times visited, when on hunt- 
 ing excursions, the remains of an old fort 
 located in the town of Palos, Cook County, 
 111., at the crossing of the old 'sag' trail, 
 which crossed the Ausagaunashkee swamp, 
 and was the only crossing east of the Des 
 Plaines River prior to the building of the 
 Archer bridge in 1836. The remains of the 
 fort, situated north of 'the sag' and near 
 the crossing, were on the elevated timber 
 land commanding a view of the surrounding 
 country, and, as a military post, would well 
 command and guard the crossing. ... I have 
 never been able to find any account of this 
 fort in any historical work. I first saw it in 
 1833, and since then have visited it often in 
 company with other persons. ... I feel sure 
 it was not built during the Sac War, from its 
 appearance. ... It seems probable that it 
 was the work of French fur-traders or 
 explorers, as there were trees a century old 
 growing in its environs. It was evidently the 
 work of an enlightened people, skilled in the 
 science of warfare. ... As a strategic point, 
 it most completely commanded the surround- 
 ing country and the crossing of the swamp or 
 •sag.' " 
 
 The location of this ancient structure is 
 described as having been In the western part of 
 Section 15 In the Town of Palos, about five 
 miles east of the "Sag Bridge," and three 
 miles In a southeasterly direction from the Des 
 Plaines. As the Den Plaines River in the lat- 
 ter part of tho seventeenth century was known 
 as the "Chlcagou,'' and the neck of land between 
 that river and the Hi reams falling into the Lake 
 as the "Chicago Portage," It would not seem 
 unreasonable to assume that the "Fort of Chi- 
 raKoii." mentioned by Tonty as commanded by 
 Durantaye In 108.''., may have been located at 
 the spot dCHcrlbed by Dr. Hoyer. (^apt. A. T. 
 Andreas, In his "History of Early Chicago," 
 referrlnK to Dr. Boyer's paper, says: "It is 
 reporlrd that near that place, and near the 
 point wh<T<- 'the Han' enters the Des Plaines, 
 
 many relics of Indians and those evidently 
 made by a more civilized people have been 
 found." 
 
 As to other early fortifications, there is a 
 tradition that a fort or stockade, erected by an 
 early French trader named Gaurie, stood on the 
 North Branch of the Chicago River in the latter 
 part of the eighteenth century. This man 
 Guarie gave name to this part of the Chicago 
 River — it being popularly known at an early 
 day as Garay (or Guarie) Creek. There were 
 probably other like structures in the vicinity 
 erected for the storage and protection of furs 
 aad goods intended for traffic with the Indians. 
 
 While the mission founded — or at least pro- 
 jected — by Marquette, and afterwards placed in 
 charge of Father Allouez, at the village of the 
 Kaskaskias, was undoubtedly the first estab- 
 lished in Illinois, it is no doubt true that, 
 within the next few years, the Chicago portage 
 became a familiar locality to the missionaries 
 seeking to reach the Illinois and other Indian 
 tribes farther south and west. Among those 
 who followed Marquette and Allouez in this 
 region may be mentioned the names of Gravier, 
 Rasle, Bineteau, Pinet, Limoges, Marest, Ber- 
 gier, Membre, Douay, Ribourde, St. Cosme, 
 Montigny, Davion and De La Source, repre- 
 senting both the Jesuit organizations and their 
 rivals, the Recollects. There is evidence that 
 there was a Jesuit mission here as early as 1699 
 — possibly a year earlier — as it was definitely 
 mentioned by St. Cosme in connection with a 
 visit he made to this region in the latter year. 
 Although this mission is spoken of as having 
 been located "at Cliicagou," yet owing to the 
 confusion in the use of this name, its actual 
 location is still left in doubt. St. Cosme, who 
 has furnished the record of this visit, says that 
 he left Mackinac on September 14th, 1699, in 
 company with De Tonty and three other mis- 
 sionaries, De Montigny, Davion and De La 
 Source — besides De Vincennes, and a number of 
 companions who contemplated a visit to the St. 
 Josei)h and the country of the Miamis. On the 
 7th of October, they arrived at the Indian vil- 
 lage of "Melwarik" (Milwaukee), and three 
 days later were at Kipiwaki, now identified as 
 Racine, intending (o ascend the Kipiwaki (Root) 
 River to the portage from that stream to the 
 Fox River of Illinois. Finding a lack of water, 
 ho says they were "obliged to take the route to 
 (Chlcagou." Leaving Racine on the 17th, they 
 were delayed by rough wcatlior for several 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 625 
 
 days, arriving on the 21st, within half a league 
 of their destination, when, in consequence of a 
 sudden storm, they were compelled to land and 
 walk the remainder of the distance. St. Cosme 
 — whose account is in the form of a letter 
 addressed to the Bishop of Quebec — says of his 
 visit: 
 
 "We went by land, M. DeMontigny, Davion 
 and myself, to the house of the Rev. Jesuit 
 Fathers, our people staying with the bag- 
 gage. We found there Rev. Father Pinet and 
 Rev. Father Bineteau, who had recently come 
 in from the Illinois and were slightly sick. I 
 cannot explain to you, Monseigneur, with 
 what cordiality and marks of esteem these 
 Rev. Jesuit Fathers received and caressed us 
 during the time that we had the consolation 
 of staying with them. The house is built on 
 the banks of the small lake, having the lake 
 on one side and a fine large prairie on the 
 other. The Indian village is of over 150 cab- 
 ins, and one league on the river there is 
 another village almost as large. They are 
 both of the Miamis. Rev. Father Pinet makes 
 it his ordinary residence except in winter, 
 when the Indians all go hunting, and which 
 he goes and spends at the Illinois." 
 
 This was one of thirty-five missions said to 
 be in existence at this period between Frontenac 
 (at the foot of Lake Ontario) and the mouth 
 of the Mississippi; and its location is assumed, 
 in some quarters, to have been on the east side 
 of Mud Lake near the head of the South Branch 
 of the Chicago River. Yet this theory is appar- 
 ently as doubtful as was the location of Mar- 
 quette's cabin at the Chicago portage in the 
 winter of 1674-75. The only thing which can be 
 assumed with reasonable certainty is, that the 
 site of the Jesuit mission of 169P was near the 
 southwestern shore of Lake Michigan on the 
 route usually followed by travelers, at that day, 
 in reaching the Des Plaines from the Lake; and 
 there is nothing inconsistent in the description 
 given by St. Cosme of its location, with the 
 theory that it was on the Calumet or Wolf Lake. 
 An additional reason for this conclusion is the 
 fact that St. Cosme speaks of this mission as 
 located at or near a village of the Miamis, with 
 another village of the same tribe a league 
 distant; whereas, it is claimed by early explor- 
 ers that the settlements of these Indians did 
 not extend on the west beyond the southern 
 shore of the Lake. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 PERIOD OF PARTIAL ECLIPSE. 
 
 KEMOVAL OF THE FRENCH MISSION ON THE UlTER 
 ILLINOIS TO KASKASKIA — LNTRANCE TO THE 
 MISSISSIPPI VALLEY CHANGED TO THE GULF 
 
 COAST COUNTRY SOUTH OF THE ILLINOIS RIVER 
 
 BECOMES PART OF LOUISIANA — CHICAGO REGION 
 STILL ATTACHED TO CANADA — VISIT OF CHARLE- 
 VOIX EARLY INDIAN OCCUPANTS A FRENCH- 
 INDIAN BATTLE ON ILLINOIS SOIL — CHICAGO IN 
 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 With the removal of the principal French 
 mission from the first Kaskaskia, on the Upper 
 Illinois, to the more modern village of the 
 same name near the mouth of the Kaskaskia 
 River, in 1700, and the establishment at the 
 latter of whatever civil or colonial government 
 existed in the Illinois Country for two-thirds of 
 a century, the region about the mouth of the 
 Chicago River ceased to occupy the prominence 
 it had previously maintained as the gateway 
 from Canada to the Mississippi Valley. This 
 result was hastened by the settlements, within 
 the same period, about the mouth of the Missis- 
 sippi, and the increased frequency of communi- 
 cation between the French villages about Kas- 
 kaskia with the settlements on the Gulf Coast 
 by way of the Mississippi River. Accordingly 
 little note was taken by chroniclers of the time, 
 for nearly a century, of the region about where 
 Chicago now stands. Nevertheless the name 
 Chicago, with its varied orthography, continued 
 to be recognized on the various maps issued 
 during the eighteenth century, including the 
 Senex map (1710), the De Lisle map (1718), 
 the Poples map (1733), the Bowen maps (1752 
 and 1774), the D'Anville map (1755), the Du 
 Pratz map (1757), the Bowles and Winter- 
 botham maps (1783), and the Carey map 
 (1801). The place also received occasional 
 mention, during this period, from the few 
 traders and travelers who visited this region 
 at long intervals. Father Pinet, whom St. 
 Cosme found at the Chicago mission in 1699, 
 died at his post in 1704, although the mission 
 was maintained for a number of years, possibly 
 as late as 1712, as it is mentioned in a letter 
 
626 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 written from Kaskaskia by Father Marest dur- 
 ing that year. It was during the year just 
 mentioned that the "Illinois Country," as far 
 north as the Illinois River, was attached by the 
 French Government to Louisiana for govern- 
 mental purposes, while the lake region was left 
 in nominal connection with Canada. Thus the 
 locality about the head of Lake Michigan, owing 
 to its distance from the center of governmental 
 authority, was left practically without any 
 organized government, and was probably sel- 
 dom, if ever, visited by any representative of 
 the Canadian Government. The absorption of 
 interest on the part of the French nation in the 
 establishment and development of colonies on 
 the Mississippi, and, at a later date, by the wars 
 with the Iroquois, which threatened French 
 supremacy in all the Northwest, left the region 
 about the head of Lake Michigan in practical 
 eclipse. Fort St. Louis (on Starved Rock) was 
 abandoned as a military post in 1702, and, a 
 few years later, the frequent incursions of the 
 Iroquois from the east and the Foxes from the 
 north, compelled the remnant of the Illinois, 
 who had made their headquarters about the 
 "Rock" for so many years, to join the rest of 
 their tribe on the Mississippi, while the Miamis 
 retired to the southeast, leaving the region 
 about the head of Lake Michigan virtually 
 depopulated of the original occupants of the 
 soil, and even leading to the abandonment of 
 the missionary stations. Charlevoix, the 
 French traveler and historian, who visited the 
 Illinois Country in 1721, says of this period: 
 "The Outagamies (Foxes) infested with their 
 roblwrles and murders not only the neighbor- 
 hood of the Day (Green Bay), but almost all 
 the routes communicating with the remote 
 colonial posts, as well as those leading from 
 Canada to Ix)uisfana." 
 
 In September, 17.30, the struggle between the 
 French and their Indian allies, on the one side, 
 and the Foxes, on the other, came to a crisis In 
 one of the most bloody battles ever fought on 
 the soil of IllinolH. resulting in the defeat of the 
 Foxes. Some are of the opinion that this con- 
 tent occurred on Fox River, near I'lano in Ken- 
 dall f!oiinly. Another event of like character 
 wax n jrreat bottle In-tween the IllinolH confeder- 
 ation and their Indian enemies, In 17G9, which 
 In Bald by Home authorities to have occurred 
 about where Hlue Island now stands. This may 
 have \»en the boRinnlnK or the precursor of the 
 tragedy which had its climax at "Starved 
 
 Rock," the same year, when the followers of 
 Pontiac, consisting of several northern tribes, 
 seeking revenge for the murder of their leader, 
 besieged the remnant of different bands of the 
 Illinois on "the Rock" for twelve days, finally 
 capturing that stronghold and virtually exter- 
 minating its defenders. Of the outcome of that 
 famous struggle, Moses, in his "History of Illi- 
 nois," says: "Only one, a half-breed, escaped 
 to tell the tale. Their tragic fate and whitening 
 bones, which were to be seen years afterward 
 upon its summit, gave to this noted location the 
 name of the 'Starved Rock/ which it has ever 
 since borne." (See "Pontiac" and "Starved 
 Rock," Hist. Encyc. of III., Yol. I.) 
 
 There is a tradition that the Spaniards, who 
 made the march across the Illinois Country for 
 tVie purpose of capturing Fort St. Joseph at the 
 mouth of the St. Joseph's River, in the present 
 State of Indiana, in 1781, encamped on the 
 present site of the city of Chicago, although 
 this would have required a considerable diver- 
 gence from a straight line towards the point of 
 their destination. Captain Andreas, in his 
 "History of Early Chicago," commenting upon 
 the isolation of Chicago during the eighteenth 
 century, says: 
 
 "After the Foxes came the Pottawatomies, 
 who finally almost exterminated the old allies 
 of the French, and the Chicago route, for- 
 merly so often traversed by French mission- 
 aries and traders on their way to the Illinois 
 and Mississippi, was, as before stated, for- 
 saken, if not forgotten. . . . For nearly half 
 a century the name of Chicago is not men- 
 tioned, and there is no record of any visit 
 of a white man to the locality. Du Pratz, an 
 old French writer and a resident of Louisi- 
 ana from 1718 to 1734, says of the 'Chicagou' 
 and Illinois route in 1757: 'Such as come 
 from Canada, and have business only in Illi- 
 nois, pass that way yet; but such as want to 
 go directly to the sea, go down the river of 
 the Wabache to the Ohio, and from thence into 
 the Mississippi.' He predicts also that, unless 
 'some curious person shall go to the north of 
 the Illinois in search of mines,' where they 
 are said to bo in groat numbers and very 
 rich, that region 'will not soon come to the 
 knowledge of the French.' " 
 
 The "mines" referred to wore, no doubt, those 
 l)elonglng to what was known as the "Galena 
 l/r-ad Mine Region" In the early i)art of the last 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 627 
 
 century, of the character and richness of which 
 the French had probably received exaggerated 
 reports from the Indians. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 STORY OF A LAND DEAL. 
 
 FIRST TRANSACTION AFFECTING CHICAGO REAL 
 
 ESTATE PRINCIPAL PART OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS 
 
 BOUGHT FOR FIVE SHILLINGS AND CERTAIN 
 
 "goods and merchandise" CESSION OF LANDS 
 
 BY THE INDIANS UNDER TREATY OF GREENVILLE 
 —TRACT SIX MILES SQUARE AT MOUTH OF CHI- 
 CAGO KIVER CEDED TO THE UNITED STATES GOV- 
 ERNMENT SITE OF EARLY FRENCH FORT IN 
 
 DOUBT. 
 
 A story of curious interest in connection with 
 the early history of Chicago, relates to the 
 alleged purchase from the Indians, before the 
 Revolutionary War, by one William Murray, of 
 a tract of land embracing a large part of the 
 State of Illinois, including the site of the City 
 of Chicago. According to this story, as told by 
 Murray himself, his negotiations were conducted 
 with the chiefs of the several tribes of the lUu 
 nois Indians, in the presence of the British 
 officers and authorities stationed at Kaskaskia, 
 in the summer of 1773. Two tracts appear to 
 have been involved in this transaction, one of 
 them (the northern) being described in the 
 deed, as quoted in Hurlbut's "Antiquities of 
 Chicago," as follows: 
 
 "Beginning at a place or point in a direct 
 line opposite to the mouth of the Missouri 
 River; thence up the Mississippi by the sev- 
 eral courses thereof to the mouth of the Illi- 
 nois River about six leagues, be the same 
 more or less; and then up the Illinois River 
 by the several courses thereof, to Chicagou 
 or Garlick Creek, about ninety leagues or 
 thereabouts, be the same more or less; then 
 nearly a northerly (probably westerly) 
 course, in a direct line to a certain place 
 remarkable, being the ground on which an 
 engagement or battle was fought, about forty 
 or fifty years ago, between the Pewaria 
 
 (Peoria) and Renard (Fox) Indians, about 
 fifty leagues, be the same more or less; thence 
 by the same course in a direct line to two 
 remarkable hills close together in the middle 
 of a large prairie or plain about fourteen 
 leagues, be the same more or less; thence a 
 north of east course in a direct line to a 
 remarkable spring known by the Indians by 
 the name of Foggy Springs, about fourteen 
 leagues, be the same more or less; thence the 
 same course in a direct line to a great moun- 
 tain to the northward of the White Buffaloe 
 plain, about fifteen leagues, be the same more 
 or less; thence nearly a southwest course in 
 a direct line to the place of beginning about 
 forty leagues, be the same more or less." 
 
 Making due allowance for apparent typo- 
 graphical errors in points of compass in this 
 pretended deed, as handed down to us through 
 a period of two and a quarter centuries, in spite 
 of an evident attempt to adhere to the use of 
 specific legal terms then in vogue, it is doubt- 
 ful if the tract intended to be conveyed could 
 have been satisfactorily traced at that time or 
 any other: certainly such a feat would be 
 impossible at the present day. There may have 
 been a purpose on the part of the purchasers, 
 however, in the lack of definiteness in describ- 
 ing the boundaries, the chief object being to 
 establish a sort of claim to as large a territory 
 as possible. Almost the only points now dis- 
 tinctly understood from the so-called "deed," 
 as given, are the facts that the southern limit 
 of the tract was opposite the mouth of the 
 Missouri, that it extended north along the east 
 bank of the Mississippi and the Illinois, and 
 reached the mouth of the "Garlick Creek," 
 embracing the site of the present city of Chi- 
 cago. Not the least curious circumstance in 
 connection with this early land transaction, is 
 that the "consideration" for the transfer of this 
 tract is said to have been "the sum of five shil- 
 lings, to them (the Indians) in hand paid," and 
 certain "goods and merchandise." The items 
 embraced in the "merchandise" part of the 
 "consideration" are described as follows: "260 
 strouds, 250 blankets, 250 shirts, 150 pairs of 
 strouds and half-thick stockings, 150 stroud 
 breech-cloths, 500 pounds of gunpowder, 4,000 
 pounds of lead, one gross of knives, 30 pounds 
 of vermilion, 2,000 gun-flints, 200 pounds of 
 brass kettles, 200 pounds of tobacco, three dozen 
 gilt looking-glasses, one gross of gun-worms, 
 
628 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 two gross of awls, one gross of fire-steels, 16 
 dozen of garteriug, 10.000 pounds -of flour, 500 
 bushels of Indian corn, 12 horses, 12 horned 
 cattle, 20 bushels of salt and 20 guns" — the 
 receipt whereof was acknowledged, though it 
 is doubtful if the articles ever passed out of the 
 hands of the alleged land purchasers. 
 
 Out of this curious transaction appears to 
 have grown the attempt to organize the "Illi- 
 nois Land Company," composed of Englishmen, 
 but later (in 1780 — the Revolutionary War, in 
 the meantime, having been in progress for 
 several years) reorganized as an American 
 company at Philadelphia. This claim was 
 brought before the Continental Congress in 
 1781, in an attempt to secure its recognition 
 by a proffer to cede the land to the United 
 States on condition that one-fourth of the claim 
 be reconveyed to the company; but it was fin- 
 ally rejected on the ground that private per- 
 sons, without previous authority obtained from 
 the Government, could not obtain a valid title 
 to lands from the Indians. Attempts were 
 made to revive the claim before Congress in 
 1792 and 1797, but with the same result as in 
 1781. (H. H. Hurlbut's "Chicago Antiquities.") 
 
 The next land transaction involving the title 
 to the site of the present City of Chicago, 
 though not embracing quite so large a terri- 
 tor>' as that claimed under the Murray pur- 
 chase, proved of loss questionable legality and 
 more permanently effective. This was the 
 result of what is known as the Greenville 
 Treaty, concluded on August 3, 1795, by Gen. 
 Anthony Wayne, with representatives of twelve 
 Indian tribes then occupying most of the Terri- 
 tory Xorthwest of the Ohio River— being the 
 direct outcome of Gen. Wayne's decisive vic- 
 tory gained over the Indians at the Battle of 
 Maunice Rapids, in August of the previous year. 
 The triljes especially interested in this treaty, 
 as It affected Illinois territory, were the Pot- 
 tawatomles, Miamis, Klckapoos, Plankeshaws 
 and Kaskaskias, the first named being then the 
 prinflpal claimants to land al)out tlie south- 
 weHtf-rn shore of Lake Michigan, including the 
 mouth of the C;hlcaKo River. Among the ces- 
 HlonH granted by thJH treaty were sixteen special 
 rraniH for reHervations), embracing tracts vary- 
 ing In area from two to twelve miles square, 
 each, three of which were within the present 
 llmltH of the State of llllnolB. One of these 
 related to a tract nix mlloB square at the mouth 
 of the Chicago River; another to n tract twelve 
 
 miles square at or near the mouth of the Illi- 
 nois, and the third to a plat six miles square 
 embracing the fort and village at the lower 
 end of Peoria Lake, then called Illinois Lake. 
 The terms of the grant, as it applied to the 
 tract about the mouth of the Chicago River, 
 were as follows: "One piece of land six miles 
 square, at the mouth of the Chicago River, 
 emptying into the southwest end of Lake Mich- 
 igan, where a fort formerly stood." The fort 
 here referred to is generally assumed to have 
 been that mentioned in the earlier part of this 
 history as being under the command of Colonel 
 Durantaye between 1685 and 1700, and there 
 was probably as much doubt at the date of 
 the Greenville Treaty about its actual location 
 as at the present day. For reasons of policy, 
 perhaps, rather than regard for the actual truth 
 of history, the region about the mouth of what 
 is now known as the Chicago River, appears 
 to have been settled upon as the location of this 
 reservation, and this was accepted by the 
 Indians, and here the erection of old Fort Dear- 
 born by Capt. William Whistler was begun in 
 1803. 
 
 In reference to the early French fort, sup- 
 posed to be the one alluded to in the Treaty 
 of Greenville, Andreas' "History of Early Chi- 
 cago" says: 
 
 "What this fort was, or by whom erected, 
 is now chiefly matter of conjecture. In 1718, 
 James Logan, an agent of Governor Keith, of 
 Pennsylvania, was sent to explore some of 
 the routes to the Mississippi. Among others 
 he reports as to the route by way of the River 
 Chicagou as follows: 
 
 " 'From Lake Huron they pass by the Strait 
 of Michilimakina four leagues, being two in 
 breadth and of a great depth, to the Lake Illi- 
 noise; thence 150 leagues to Foirt Miamis, sit- 
 uated at the mouth of the River Chicagou. 
 This fort is not regularly garrisoned.' 
 
 "About this time, or shortly after, the fort 
 was probably entirely abandoned. At all 
 events, at the time of the Treaty of Green- 
 ville, the oldest Indians then living had no 
 recollection of a fort ever having been at that 
 place." 
 
 The doubtfulness as to tlio exact location of 
 the fort mentioned by James ly>gan. In the 
 above quotation from his report, is all the 
 greater In view of the fact that the "Fort of the 
 .Miamis" was the name given to the first fort 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 629 
 
 erected by LaSalle, in the winter of 1679-80, at 
 the mouth of the St. Joseph River which, for 
 a time, bore the name of the "Chicagou." While 
 this could scarcely have been the fort alluded 
 to by Logan in 1718. it is barely possible that 
 the name of LaSalle's fort may have been 
 transferred to that occupied by Durantaye in 
 1685, and which there is reason to believe was 
 maintained until after 1700. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF CHICAGO. 
 
 CHICAGO'S FIRST PERMANENT SETTLER A SAN 
 
 DOMINGO NEGRO COLONEL DE PEYSTER'S 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF JEAN BAPTISTE POINTE DE 
 
 SAIBLE CHICAGO THEN KNOWN AS "ESCHI- 
 
 KAGOL"" ^LE MAI, A FRENCH TRADER, SUCCEEDS 
 
 POINTE DE SAIBLE OTHER EARLY SETTLERS — 
 
 ANTOINE OUILMETTE COMES IN 1790 CHICAGO 
 
 PREVIOUS TO THE BUILDING OF FORT DEARBORN. 
 
 Even at an earlier date than the Treaty of 
 Greenville, what has come to be accepted as 
 the first permanent settlement had been made 
 on the site of the present city of Chicago. The 
 name connected with this important event is 
 that of Jean Baptiste Pointe de Saible (or, as 
 written by some, AuSable), and his history 
 gives to the circumstance an air of romance. 
 The earliest mention made of him in history is 
 found in a volume of "Miscellanies" written by 
 Col. Arent Schuyler DePeyster, a British officer, 
 who had been assigned to the command of the 
 British post at Mackinac in 1774, where he 
 remained several years. In his "Miscellanies," 
 under date of July 4, 1779, appears the follow- 
 ing entry: "Baptiste Pointe de Saible, a hand- 
 some negro, well settled at Eschikagou, but 
 much in the French interest." Elsewhere in 
 the same volume Colonel DePeyster writes: 
 "Eschikagou is a river and fort at the head ot 
 Lake Michigan." There is evidence that the 
 river here referred to was the Chicago River 
 of to-day, and it would seem that there was a 
 fort of some sort here at that time, though its 
 character and exact location are left in doubt. 
 From other sources of information it would 
 
 appear that Pointe de Saible was a native of San 
 Domingo who had come to this country before 
 or during the early years of the Revolutionary 
 War, and, after spending some time with a 
 friend and fellow-countryman named Glamor- 
 gan, who was a trader among the Peoria Indi- 
 ans about Lake Peoria, had come to the locality 
 of Chicago probably as early as 1778. It has 
 also been assumed in some quarters that he 
 had been a slave. However this may have been, 
 his color has suggested the facetious paradox 
 that "the first white settler of Chicago was a 
 negro." Another interesting circumstance 
 developed by Colonel DePeyster's reminiscence 
 is the fact that, among the score or more of 
 different spellings given to the name of Chi- 
 cago in the hundred years following the visits 
 of Marquette and LaSalle, was that of "Eschi- 
 kagou." 
 
 The story of Pointe de Saible's presence here 
 at this early day is corroborated by the state- 
 ment of Augustin Grignon, obtained in the form 
 of an interview in 1857, and published in the 
 third volume of the "Wisconsin Historical 
 Society's Collections." Grignon belonged to a 
 pioneer family of Wisconsin, being the grand- 
 son of Sieur Charles de Langlade, who is cred- 
 ited with having been the first permanent white 
 settler in Wisconsin, where he located about 
 1735 after having served in the French-Indian 
 War. At the time of making this statement, 
 Mr. Grignon was a resident of Butte des Morts, 
 near Oshkosh, Wis. He says: 
 
 "At a very early period there was a negro 
 lived there (at Chicago) named Baptiste 
 Pointe de Saible. My brother Perish Grig- 
 non visited Chicago about 1794, and told me 
 that Pointe de Saible was a large man; that 
 he had a commission for some office, but for 
 what particular office, or from what govern- 
 ment, I cannot now recollect. He was a 
 trader, pretty wealthy and drank freely. I 
 know not what became of him." 
 
 All that is known of Pointe de Saible's later 
 history is, that about 1796 he sold or aban- 
 doned his cabin — which was probably also his 
 headquarters for trade with the Pottawatomies 
 — when it fell into the hands of a French 
 trader named LeMai, Pointe de Saible rejoining 
 his old friend and comrade Glamorgan, at 
 Peoria, and dying there soon after. There is 
 a tradition that, while about Chicago, he sought 
 to place himself at the head of the Potta- 
 
630 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 watomies as their chief, but iu this was doomed 
 to disappointment. His house, which seems 
 to have been a better building than the ordi- 
 nary cabins of that day, is said to have been 
 constructed of "squared logs," and located on 
 the north side of the Chicago River about the 
 present junction of Kinzie and Pine streets. 
 This cabin had an important history. After 
 being occupied as a home and trading house 
 some eight years, it was sold by LeMai, in 1804, 
 to John Kinzie, who came to this locality soon 
 after the erection of Fort Dearborn, and became 
 the first permanent settler of the metropolis of 
 the Northwest. (See Pointe de Saible — Hist. 
 Encyc. of III. Vol. I.) 
 
 Besides LeMai, who succeeded Pointe de 
 Saible, there appear to have been settled about 
 the mouth of the Chicago River, during the 
 closing years of the eighteenth century, several 
 other white men, most, if not all, of whom were 
 Indian traders with Indian wives and half-breed 
 families. One of these was a French trader 
 named Guarie, whose location was on the west 
 side of the North Branch near its junction 
 with the South Branch, and from whom the 
 former received the name of Guarie (or Garay) 
 Creek, by which it was known about that time. 
 The date of Guarie's arrival and the length of 
 his stay here are unknown. Another early 
 resident was Antoine Ouilmette, also a trader, 
 who, according to his own statement, came here 
 in 1790, was here at the date of the Fort Dear- 
 born massacre of 1812 and as late as 1825. 
 In 183& he was living at Racine, Wis. The 
 suburb known as Wilmette, just north of Evans- 
 ton, with an Anglicized spelling, was named in 
 his honor. There was also another Frenchman 
 named Pettell here at this time, but of whom 
 little is known. These substantially included 
 all who were located about the mouth of the 
 Chicago River at the time the erection of 
 the first Fort Dearborn was begun in 1803, 
 although, no doubt, traders, trappers and explor- 
 ers were accustomed to make brief sojourns 
 here during that period. The Hon. John Went- 
 worth. who came to Chicago in 183G when the 
 history of that era was still fresh in the mem- 
 ories of the older settlers, in an address deliv- 
 ered on occasion of the unveiling of a tablet 
 to mark the site of the old Fort Dearlwrn, said 
 of the condition existing at Chicago at the 
 time work on the fort was begun: "There were 
 then bore hut four rude huts, or traders' cabins, 
 occupied by white men, Canadian French with 
 
 Indian wives." These were doubtless the men 
 whose names have already been quoted. 
 
 During this early period one William Bur- 
 nett seems to have been conducting an extensive 
 business among the Indians between Detroit 
 and Mackinac. His headquarters appear to 
 have been at St. Joseph, Michigan, from 1786 
 to 1803, although he is believed to have located 
 in Michigan as early as 1709. Like most of the 
 Indian traders of his time he had an Indian 
 wife — the sister of a prominent Pottawatomie 
 chief — and reared a half-breed family. For a 
 part of the time, probably as early as 1798, he is 
 reputed to have had a storage or trading house 
 at Chicago, though earlier conducting his busi- 
 ness at St. Joseph, which was a more promi- 
 nent trading post than Chicago. After the 
 Fort Dearborn massacre in 1812, Captain Heald 
 (who had been commander of the fort), together 
 with his wife, found a temporary refuge at 
 the home of Mr. Burnett before giving himself 
 up to the British commandant at Mackinac. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 STORY OF FORT DEARBORN. 
 
 BUILDING OF THE FIRST FORT BEGUN BY CAPTAIN 
 WHISTLER IN 1803 — LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION 
 OF THE ORIGINAL FORTRESS — ARRIVAL OF THE 
 
 KINZIE FAMILY OTHER NEWCOMERS — THE KIN- 
 
 ZIES OCCUPY THE LEMAI CABIN DR. ALEXANDER 
 
 WOLCOTT AND GEN. DAVID HUNTER — CHARLES 
 JOUETT, INDIAN AGENT AND "CHICAGO'S FIRST 
 
 LAWYER" MRS. J. II. KINZIE'S "WAUBUN" — A 
 
 PRECURSOR OF DISASTER — THE HARDSCRABBLE 
 MASSACRE. 
 
 Mention has already been made of the reser- 
 vation of a tract of land six miles square, at 
 the mouth of the Chicago River, in accordance 
 with the terms of the Treaty of Greenville, in 
 1795. Although this indicated the purpose of 
 the Government to establish some sort of a 
 military post here, and this seems to have been 
 under consideration as early as 1798, it was not 
 until 1803 that actual stops were taken in that 
 direction. In the summer of the latter year 
 Capt. John Whistler, of the regular army, was 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 631 
 
 ordered to proceed with his company from 
 Detroit to the mouth of the Chicago River and 
 erect a fortification there. Captain Whistler, 
 accompanied by his family, including his son, 
 Lieut. William Whistler, of the same company, 
 and the young wife of the latter (aged seven- 
 teen years), bringing with him supplies for 
 the new garrison, made the trip from Detroit 
 on board the United States schooner "Tracy" 
 to the mouth of the St. Joseph's River, and 
 thence by row-boat to Chicago. The date of 
 his arrival at the latter place has been given 
 as July 4, 1803. The remainder of the com- 
 pany came overland under command of Lieut. 
 James S. Swearingen. The arrival of the 
 troops, with that of the schooner which soon 
 after followed from St. Joseph, was an event 
 of deep interest to the numerous bands of 
 Indians either gathered about the two or three 
 trading houses then located here, or attracted 
 by the novel scenes they had come to witness. 
 Captain Whistler at once began the construc- 
 tion of the foirt or stockade which was neces- 
 sary for the housing and protection of his 
 troops — the soldiers, in the absence of teams 
 of any sort, dragging the needed timbers from 
 the woods in the immediate vicinity. Accord- 
 ing to the statement of the younger Mrs. Whist- 
 ler, who was a visitor in Chicago in 1875, there 
 were here at that time only "four rude huts, or 
 traders' cabins, occupied by white men, Can- 
 adian French with Indian wives." (The names 
 of the occupants of these huts have already 
 been given under the head of "Early Settlers.") 
 The structure stood on the south side of the 
 Chicago River, about the foot of Michigan Ave- 
 nue opposite the south end of the Rush Street 
 bridge, and a short distance west of where the 
 river then made a bend to the southward before 
 entering the lake where the foot of Madison 
 Street now is. 
 
 Although its construction was begun in 1803, 
 the fort was not completed until the following 
 year. As originally constructed it consisted of 
 two block-houses located at opposite angles 
 (northwestern and southeastern) of a strong 
 wooden stockade, with the commandant's head- 
 quarters on the east side of the quadrangle, 
 soldiers' barracks on the west, and magazine, 
 contractor's (or sutler's) store and general 
 store-house on the north — the whole built of 
 logs, and all, except the block-houses which 
 commanded the outside of the stockade, being 
 entirely within the enclosure. There were two 
 
 main entrances — one on the south or land side, 
 and the other on the north or water side, where 
 a sunken road led down to the river, giving 
 access to the water without exposure to a 
 besieging force from without. The armament 
 consisted of three pieces of light artillery, 
 besides the small arms in the hands of the 
 soldiers constituting the garrison. Captain 
 Whistlor remained in command of the garri- 
 son until the early part of 1811, when he was 
 succeeded by Capt. Nathan Heald. There has 
 been some discussion regarding the name which 
 the post first received, yet there seems to be no 
 doubt that it was first named Fort Dearborn, in 
 honor of Gen. Henry Dearborn, who was Secre- 
 tary of War at the time it was constructed ; and 
 this was the name by which it was known at 
 the time of the massacre and its destruction by 
 the Indians in 1812 — an event which will be 
 the subject of comment later on in this narra- 
 tive. (See Whistler, John, and Fort Dearborn 
 —Hist. Encyc. of III., Vol. I.) 
 
 The most important event in local history 
 about Chicago, following the establishment of 
 the garrison at Fort Dearborn, was the arrival 
 here, in the early spring of 1804, of John Kin- 
 zie, who had previously been engaged in trade 
 with the Indians at Detroit and, later on, about 
 St. Joseph, Mich. Mr. Kinzie had learned the 
 trade of a silver-smith in his youth at Quebec, 
 and had made himself useful to the Indians in 
 repairing their guns and trinkets, besides 
 becoming widely known as a popular trader. 
 He was known among the Indians by the name 
 of "Shaw-nee-aw-kee" (The "Silver-man") 
 which, at a later date, descended to his son. 
 Col. John H. Kinzie, who, in the early '30s, 
 was Sub-Agent for the Winnebago Indians, with 
 headquarters at Fort Winnebago, Wis. (See 
 Kinzie, John, and Kinzie, John Harris. — Hist. 
 Encyc. of III.. Vol. I.) The elder Kinzie 
 brought with him his family consisting of his 
 wife and the son just named, the latter an 
 infant less than one year old. The maiden 
 name of Mrs. Kinzie was Eleanor Lytle, but at 
 the date of her marriage to Kinzie (about 1800) 
 she was the widow of a British officer named 
 McKillip, who had been killed by accident at 
 Fort Defiance, in the present State of Ohio, in 
 1794. On his removal to Fort Dearborn, Mr. 
 Kinzie purchased from the French trader, Le 
 Mai, the cabin originally occupied by Pointe de 
 Saible, located on the north shore of the Chi- 
 cago River opposite the fort. Here he followed 
 
632 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 his vocation as a silversmith, sutler for Fort 
 Dearborn and trader among the Indians, in 
 after years becoming an agent of the American 
 Fur Company, organized in the early part of 
 the last century by John Jacob Astor. A mem- 
 ber of Mr. Kinzie's own family has been quoted 
 as authority for the statement that he had the 
 position of sutler when he came to Fort Dear- 
 born, which is highly probable, as he appears to 
 have l)een an intimate friend of Captain Whist- 
 ler, and at a later date, had a son of the latter 
 as a partner in business. 
 
 The Pointe de Saible and LeMai cabin, hav- 
 ing been improved and enlarged, became widely 
 known throughout the Northwest as "The 
 Kinzie Mansion," and many men of national 
 reputation were entertained there during the 
 first quarter of the century. The fact that 
 Mr. Kinzie continued to be a resident of the 
 vicinity for the remainder of his life — except 
 for a few years following the Fort Dearborn 
 massacre — and reared here a family who were 
 prominently identified with Chicago history 
 after the place became a city, won for him the 
 title of the first permanent white settler of 
 Chicago. Besides the elder son, John H. Kin- 
 zie, already named, who was born at Sandwich, 
 Canada, in 1803, his descendants included Ellen 
 Marion Kinzie, born in December, 1805 — after- 
 wards became the wife of Dr. Alexander Wol- 
 cott, for many years Indian Agent at Chicago; 
 Maria Indiana Kinzie, born in 1807 — became the 
 wife of Gen. David Hunter, a distinguished 
 soldier of the Civil War; and Robert Allen Kin- 
 zie, born at Fort Dearborn in 1810. Mrs. Juli- 
 ette A. (Magill) Kinzie, the gifted author of 
 early reminiscences of Chicago and the North- 
 west under the title of "Waubun," was the wife 
 of Col. John H. Kinzie, to whom she was mar- 
 ried at Middletown, Conn., in 1830, going imme- 
 diately to Fort Winnebago, Wis., where, as 
 already stated, he had charge of the Indian 
 Agency. 
 
 In the eight years following the erection of 
 Fort Dearborn there were few changes of 
 which any record has l>een preserved, although 
 there is reason to suppose that there were the 
 usual excitements incident to life about a fron- 
 tier military station, varied only by communica- 
 tion, at long intervals, with the older settle- 
 ments, and not Infrequent visits from noisy 
 bands of Indians who came to trade, but 
 remained to carry on their drunken revels. 
 Doubtless there were few arrivals of white 
 
 men during this period, except of those 
 employed in some official capacity, or of traders 
 seeking to extend their traffic with the Indians. 
 Among the former class was Charles Jouett, 
 who had b<3en educated as a lawyer in Virginia, 
 but came to Detroit in 1802 to serve as Indian 
 Agent by appointment of President Jefferson, 
 and, three years later (1805), was transferred 
 in the same capacity, to Fort Dearborn, remain- 
 ing until 1811, when he resigned. The year 
 previous to the rebuilding of Fort Dearborn in 
 1816, Mr. Jouett resumed his old position as 
 Indian Agent at Chicago, but about 1820 again 
 resigned and, for a time, was Judge of the 
 United States Court for the Territory of 
 Arkansas. In consequence of his training as a 
 la^^-yer he has been accredited the honor of 
 being "Chicago's first lawyer," though it is 
 doubtful if, apart from his oflScial duties as 
 Indian Agent, his legal qualifications were ever 
 called into requisition. Mr. Jouett took a 
 prominent part in negotiating several impor- 
 tant treaties with the Indians during his con- 
 nection with the agency at Detroit and that 
 at Chicago. The first Agency Building — or 
 "United States Factory," as it was also called 
 — occupied by Mr. Jouett, is said to have stood 
 west of the fort and just outside of the palisade. 
 It is believed to have been erected about 1810, 
 and is described by Mrs. Kinzie in "Waubun" 
 as "an old-fashioned log-building, with a hall 
 running through the center, and one large room 
 on each side. Piazzas extended the whole length 
 of the building in front and rear." 
 
 On Mr. Jouett's return to Chicago in 1815 
 he occupied quarters on the north side of the 
 river al>out where the freight depot of the Chi- 
 cago & Northwestern Railroad now stands. His 
 house is believed to have been in existence 
 before the massacre. At a later date another 
 building for the Agency was erected in the 
 immediate vicinity of the latter, and this 
 became somewhat famous under the name of 
 "Cobweb Castle," but was never occupied by 
 Mr. Jouett. (See Jouett, Charles. — Hist. Encyc. 
 of III, Vol. I.) 
 
 During this period (i. e., between 1804 and 
 1812) two other settlers are known to have been 
 located in the vicinity of Fort Dearborn. One 
 of these was John Burns, who occupied a cabin 
 on the north side west of the Ouilmette home, 
 and was living there with his family a few 
 months )>efore the massacre. The Burns house 
 Is conjectured to have been the one occupied by 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 633 
 
 Mr. Jouett as an Agency building on the re-es- 
 tablishment of the Agency here in 1815. The 
 other new settler was one Charles Lee, who is 
 believed to have come soon after the establish- 
 ment of Fort Dearborn, and erected a cabin on 
 the lake shore near the fort, where he resided 
 with his family. Lee had begun to open a farm 
 on the South Branch, some four miles from its 
 mouth, about where Bridgeport stood at a later 
 day, but now within the limits of the city of 
 Chicago. This farm, at an early day, bore the 
 name of "Lee's place," and later was known as 
 "Hardscrabble." 
 
 It was at this place during the spring of 1812 
 that occurred an event which proved a pre- 
 curser of the disaster which was to follow, a 
 few months later, at Fort Dearborn. "What has 
 been generally accepted as a substantially accu- 
 rate history of this alfair has been given by 
 Mrs. Kinzie, in her story entitled "Waubun." 
 On the date of this event there happened to be 
 at Ijee's place three men and a boy — one of the 
 former being Liberty White, the manager, and 
 the latter the son of Mr. Lee. Mrs. Kinzie's 
 story runs as follows: 
 
 "In the afternoon (April 6, 1812), a party 
 of ten or twelve Indians, dressed and painted, 
 arrived at the Lee house, and, according to 
 their custom, entered and seated themselves 
 without ceremony. Something in their 
 appearance and manner excited the suspicions 
 of one of the family, a Frenchman (named 
 Debou), who remarked: 'I don't like the 
 looks of these Indians — they are none of our 
 folks. . . . They are not Pottawato- 
 mies.' Another of the family, a discharged 
 soldier, said to the boy: 'If this is the case, 
 we had better get away if we can. Say noth- 
 ing, but do as you see me do.' 
 
 "As the afternoon was far advanced, the 
 soldier walked leisurely towards the canoes 
 tied near the bank. The Indians asked where 
 he was going. He pointed to the cattle which 
 were standing among the haystacks on the 
 opposite bank, and made signs that they must 
 go and fodder them, and then they would 
 return and get their supper. He got into 
 one canoe and the boy into the other. . . . 
 When they gained the opposite side they 
 pulled some hay for the cattle . . . and 
 when they had gradually made a circuit so 
 that their movements were concealed by the 
 haystacks, they took to Ihe woods and made 
 
 for the fort. They had run a quarter of a 
 mile when they heard the disciiarge of two 
 guns successively. . . . They stopped 
 not nor stayed until they arrived opposite 
 Burns' place (about the State Street bridge), 
 where they called across to warn the family 
 of the danger, and then hastened on to the 
 fort. . . . 
 
 "A party of soldiers, consisting of a cor- 
 poral and six men, had, that afternoon, 
 obtained leave to go up the river to fish. They 
 had not returned when the fugitives from 
 Lee's place arrived at the fort. . . . The 
 commanding officer ordered a cannon to be 
 fired to warn them of their danger. Hearing 
 the signal, they took the hint, put out their 
 torches and dropped down the river toward 
 the garrison as silently as possible. . . . 
 When the fishing party reached Lee's place 
 it was proposed to stop and warn the inmates. 
 . . . All was still as death around the 
 house. They groped their way along and, 
 as the corporal jumped over the small enclos- 
 ure, he placed his hand on the dead body of 
 a man. By the sense of touch he soon ascer- 
 tained that the head was without a scalp and 
 was otherwise mutilated. The faithful dog 
 of the murdered man stood guarding the 
 remains of his master. They retreated to 
 their canoes and reached the fort unmolested 
 about eleven o'clock at night. The next 
 morning a party of citizens and soldiers vol- 
 unteered to go to Lee's place. . . . The 
 body of Mr. White was found pierced by two 
 balls and with eleven stabs in the breast. 
 The Frenchman lay dead with his dog still 
 beside him. Their bodies were brought to 
 the fort and buried in its immediate vicinity. 
 
 "It was subsequently ascertained from trad- 
 ers out in the Indian country, that the per- 
 petrators of this bloody deed were a party 
 of Winnebagos who had come into this neigh- 
 borhood to 'take some white scalps..' Their 
 plan had been to proceed down the river 
 from Lee's place and kill every white man 
 without the walls of the fort. Hearing, how- 
 ever, the report of the cannon, and not know- 
 ing what it portended, they thought it best 
 to remain satisfied with this one exploit, and 
 forthwith retreated to their homes on Rock 
 River." 
 
 This affair produced general alarm among 
 the inhabitants outside of the fort, consisting 
 
634 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 chiefly of a few discharged soldiers and a few- 
 traders with their half-breed families, who now 
 entrenched themselves in the Agency House 
 near the fort. No immediate attack was made, 
 and, with the exception of the appearance of 
 skulking parties of Indians in the vicinity, for 
 the purpose of picking off straggling soldiers 
 or stealing horses, no hostile demonstration 
 against the fort occurred for over three months. 
 
 CHAPTER Vni. 
 
 FORT DEARBORN MASSACRE. 
 
 BEGINNIXG OF AVAR OF 1812 GENERAL HULL ORDERS 
 
 EVACCATIOX OF FORT DEARBORN — STATEMENT OF 
 CAPTAIN HEALD A STORY OF INDIAN TREACH- 
 ERY LOCATION OF THE GREAT TRAGEDY — INCI- 
 DENTS OF THE BLOODY AFFAIR AS RELATED IN 
 
 MRS. KINZIE'S "WAUBUN" MAGNANIMOUS 
 
 CONDUCT OF CHIEF BLACK PARTRIDGE — THE 
 STORY OF MRS. HELM — VALOR OF CAPT. WILLIAM 
 WELLS AND HIS inAGIC FATE. 
 
 Before the close of the summer of 1812 
 occurred the most bloody tragedy in the history 
 of Illinois, which, only three years preceding, 
 had been organized under a Territorial Gov- 
 ernment, although Chicago, as a city, was not 
 yet in existence even in embryo. War between 
 England and the United States had been 
 declared on June 18th of this year and, on July 
 IGth, Fort Mackinac surrendered to the British. 
 The situation was calculated to arouse the ani- 
 mosity of the Indians, who had already mani- 
 fested their friendship for the British, and 
 were watching their opportunity to give vent to 
 their hatred against the Americans. The 
 account of what followed is drawn from the 
 statement of Capt. Nathan Heald, the com- 
 mandant at Fort Dearborn, and the story of the 
 massacre a.s told by Mrs. Juliette A. Kinzie in 
 "Waubun": 
 
 On June 9, 1812. a friendly Pottawatomie 
 Chief, named Winnemeg, arrived at Fort Dear- 
 bom bringing dispatches from General Hull, 
 then of Detroit, but In command of the North- 
 west. Infitructlng Captain Hoald. the command- 
 ant at Fort Dearlmrn, in conslderatioii of the 
 
 fall of Mackinac, to evacuate the fort and pro- 
 ceed with his command by land to Detroit. 
 According to a statement of Captain Heald, pub- 
 lished a few months later, the order for evacu- 
 ation was positive, only leaving it to his dis- 
 cretion to dispose of the public property as he 
 saw proper. Other authorities, including a let- 
 ter from General Hull of an earlier date than 
 his order to Heald, imply that the latter was 
 authorized to exercise his own judgment in ref- 
 erence to the matter of evacuation. Captain 
 Heald's statement continues: 
 
 "The neighboring Indians got the informa- 
 tion as early as I did, and came in from all 
 quarters in order to receive the goods in the 
 factory store, which they understood were to 
 be given them. On the 13th, Captain "Wells, 
 of Fort Wayne, arrived with about thirty 
 Miamis, for the purpose of escorting us in by 
 the request of General Hull. On the 14th I 
 delivered the Indians all the goods in the 
 factory store, and a considerable quantity of 
 provisions which we could not take away with 
 us; the surplus and ammunition I thought 
 proper to destroy, fearing they would make 
 bad use of it if put in their possession. I 
 also destroyed all the liquor on hand soon 
 after they began to collect. The collection 
 was unusually large for that place, but they 
 conducted with the strictest propriety till 
 after I left the fort. On the 15th, at nine in 
 the morning we commenced our march; a 
 part of the Miamis were detached in front 
 and the remainder in our rear as guards, 
 under the direction of Captain Wells. The 
 situation of the country rendered it necessary 
 for us to take to the beach, with the lake on 
 our left and a high sand-bank on our right 
 hand about 100 yards distant. 
 
 "We had proceeded about a mile and a half, 
 when it was discovered that the Indians were 
 prepared to attack us from behind the bank. 
 I immediately marched up with the company 
 to the top of the bank, when the action com- 
 menced; after firing one round we charged, 
 and the Indians gave way in front and joined 
 those on our flanks. In about fifteen minutes 
 they got possession of all our horses, pro- 
 visions and baggage of every description; 
 and, finding the Miamis did not assist us, I 
 drew off the few men I had left and took 
 possession of a small elevation In the open 
 prairie, out of shot of the bank or any other 
 
HISTOEICAL BN'OYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 635 
 
 cover. The Indians did not follow me but 
 assembled in a body, on the top of the bank 
 and, after some consultation among them- 
 selves, made signs for me to approach them. 
 I advanced toward them alone, and was met 
 by one of the Pottawatomie chiefs, called the 
 "Black Bird," with an interpreter. After 
 shaking hands, he requested me to surrender, 
 promising to spare the lives of all the pris- 
 oners. On a few moments' consideration, I 
 concluded it would be most prudent to com- 
 ply, although I did not put entire confidence 
 in his promise. After delivering up our arms, 
 we were taken to their encampment near the 
 fort and distributed among the different 
 tribes. The next morning they set fire to the 
 fort and left the place, taking the prisoners 
 with them. Their number of warriors was 
 between four and five hundred, mostly of the 
 Pottawatomie nation, and their loss, from the 
 best information I could get, was about fif- 
 teen. Our strength was 54 regulars and 12 
 militia, out of which 26 regulars and all the 
 militia were killed in the action, with two 
 women and twelve children. Ensign George 
 Roman and Dr. Isaac V. Van Voorhis of my 
 company, with Captain Wells, of Fort Wayne, 
 are, to my great sorrow, numbered among the 
 dead. Lieut. Lina T. Helm, with 25 non- 
 commissioned officers and privates and eleven 
 women and children, were prisoners when we 
 were captured. Mrs. Heald and myself were 
 taken to the mouth of the river St. Joseph, 
 and, being both badly wounded, were permit- 
 ted to reside with Mr. Burnett, an Indian 
 trader. In a few days after our arrival there, 
 the Indians all went off to take Fort Wayne, 
 and in their absence I engaged a Frenchman 
 to take us to Mackinac by water, where I 
 gave myself up as a prisoner of war, with 
 one of my sergeants."* 
 
 *The exact location where the battle and mas- 
 sacre of the 15th of August. 1812, occurred has 
 been matter of interesting speculation, although, from 
 contemporary descriptions of the event and the 
 reminiscences of citizens who arrived at Chicago a 
 few years later, it has been possible to locate the 
 site with reasonable accuracy. While the operations 
 of the troops from the fort and the attacking force 
 of Indians must have covered considerable ground, 
 the best informed authorities seem to have settled 
 upon the space near the lake shore between Eight- 
 eenth and Twenty-first streets as the probable scene 
 of the fight. An elm tree which, until a few year's 
 ago. stood on the premises of the late George M. 
 Pullman, near the foot of Eighteenth street, has been 
 accepted as the historical point ; and here Mr. Pull- 
 man erected, in 1893, a monument in commemoration 
 of the event. 
 
 Other statements — including that of Mrs. Kin- 
 zie, who undoubtedly obtained her account 
 indirectly from the elder Mr. Kinzie through 
 the widow and other members of the family of 
 the latter — differ materially from that made by 
 Captain Heald. According to the history of 
 the affair as told by Mrs. Kinzie, Winnemeg, the 
 Pottawatomie Chief who had brought the order 
 from General Hull to Captain Heald, when 
 informed of its purport, strongly advised 
 against evacuation; but, in case this step should 
 be decided upon, urged that it be taken without 
 delay. Mr. Kinzie who, from long residence 
 among the Indians, was well acquainted with 
 their temper and character, seems to have been 
 in thorough accord with Winnemeg's opinion. 
 It is also claimed that the subordinate officers 
 strongly protested against Captain Heald's pro- 
 posed line of action, while the Indians them- 
 selves had begun to manifest an unruly and 
 dangerous spirit even before the work of evacu- 
 ation began. 
 
 An incident indicating the condition of 
 affairs existing among the Indians, as well as 
 illustrating the honorable character of at least 
 one of their number, is related by Mrs. Kinzie 
 in the volume ("Wau-bun") already referred 
 to in this history. Mrs. Kinzie relates this inci- 
 dent as follows: 
 
 "Among the chiefs were several who, 
 although they shared the general hostile feel- 
 ing of their tribe toward the Americans, yet 
 retained a personal regard for the troops at 
 this post, and for the few white citizens of 
 the place. The.^^e chiefs exerted their utmost 
 influence to allay the revengeful feelings of 
 the young men, and to avert their sanguin- 
 ary designs, but without effect. On the even- 
 ing succeeding the council Black Partridge, a 
 conspicuous chief, entered the quarters of 
 the commanding officer (Captain Heald). 
 'Father,' said he, 'I come to deliver up to 
 you the medal I wear. It was given to me 
 by the Americans, and I have long worn it 
 in token of our mutual friendship. But our 
 young men are resolved to imbrue their hands 
 in the blood of the whites. I cannot restrain 
 them, and I will not wear a token of peace 
 while I am compelled to act as an enemy.' " 
 
 While this can only be supposed to indicate 
 the substance of Black Partridge's speech, it 
 furnishes proof that Captain Heald had abun- 
 dant evidence, in advance, of the hostile feel- 
 
636 
 
 HISTORICAL EN^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ing in existence among the savages. Black 
 Partridge had long been a friend of the whites, 
 and the medal which he then proposed to sur- 
 render is said to have been given him by Gen- 
 eral Wayne at the time of the Treaty of Green- 
 ville, in 1795. Before the conclusion of the 
 tragedy at Fort Dearborn this high-minded 
 Indian had an opportunity, in another way, to 
 prove his magnanimity to one of the helpless 
 victims. This incident, as related by the victim 
 herself — Mrs. Helm, the wife of Lieutenant 
 Helm, an oiBcer of the garrison — is quoted by 
 Mrs. Kinzie. While the fight was going on 
 near the lake shore, a young Indian attacked 
 Mrs. Helm, aiming to strike her on the head 
 with his tomahawk. By springing aside she 
 had partially avoided the blow which fell upon 
 her shoulder, inflicting there a painful wound. 
 What followed is thus described by Mrs. Helm: 
 
 ■'I seized him around the neck and, while 
 exerting my utmost efforts to get possession 
 of his scalping-knife, which hung in a scab- 
 bard over his breast, I was dragged from his 
 grasp by another and older Indian. The lat- 
 ter bore me stru.ggling and resisting towards 
 the lake. I was immediately plunged into 
 the water and held there with a forcible 
 hand, notwithstanding my resistance. I soon 
 perceived that the object of my captor was not 
 to drown me, for he held me firmly in such a 
 position as to place my head above water. 
 This reassured me, and regarding him atten- 
 tively I soon recognized, in spite of the paint 
 with which he was disguised. The Black Part- 
 ridge." 
 
 While the troops generally gave evidence of 
 the most splendid courage in their efforts to 
 resist the assaults of the infuriated savages and 
 protect the helple.ss women and children, there 
 were numerous Instances, on the part of their 
 assailants, of those inhuman atrocities -custo- 
 mary in savage warfare. One of the most 
 revolting of these was the deliberate murder of 
 all Hie children — twelve in number — of the 
 white families, who had been placed in a bag- 
 gage wagon for c-onvenlence of transportation 
 with the troops, while many of the wounded 
 prisoners shared the same fate. The feeling 
 of horror produced by the recital of these atro- 
 
 cities is relieved somewhat by individual 
 instances of humane treatment on the part of 
 some of the Indians. Following out the story 
 of Mrs. Helm: After the battle she was taken 
 back to the vicinity of the fort by her pre- 
 server, Black Partridge, and, after having been 
 protected, for a time, by the wife of a friendly 
 chief, was placed in charge of a French trader 
 named Ouilmette, with a half-breed family, and 
 either kept concealed or disguised as a French 
 woman until it was safe to surrender her to 
 her step-father, Mr. John Kinzie. 
 
 The case of Capt. William Wells, who had 
 arrived from Fort Wayne, two days before the 
 evacuation, with a party of Miamis, to act as 
 an escort for the force from Fort Dearborn, was 
 one of deep interest. Wells, who was the 
 uncle of Mrs. Heald, belonged to a white family 
 of Kentucky, but having been captured by 
 Indians at the age of twelve years, had grown 
 up among them and adopted their mode of life. 
 While a captive he had been adopted by the 
 celebrated Miami Chief, Little Turtle, whose 
 daughter he married. He took part on the side 
 of the Indians in the war of 1790 and was pres- 
 ent at the defeat of Colonel Harmer the same 
 year, and that of Governor St. Clair in 1801, 
 but later joined the whites and fought under 
 General Wayne at Maumee Rapids. Having 
 settled near Fort Wayne, he began to open a 
 farm, was appointed a Justice of the Peace by 
 Gov. William Henry Harrison, and, at the time 
 of the evacuation of Fort Dearborn, was serving 
 as Indian Agent. Anticipating trouble from 
 the start, it is said that he took his place, in 
 Indian garb and with blackened face, in com- 
 mand of the rear guard, and was one of the first 
 to discover the hostile intentions of the treach- 
 erous savages. He made a most gallant resist- 
 ance, but having his horse shot under him, 
 was soon overpowered and fell fighting desper- 
 ately. According to one report his head was 
 cut off and borne upon a pole back to the fort, 
 while his heart was cut out and eaten by the 
 fiendish savages. Mrs. Helm and a son of Cap- 
 tain Heald have been quoted as authority for 
 the statement that, before receiving his death- 
 wound, this heroic man had succeeded in kill- 
 ing eight Indians. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 637 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 AFTER THE MASSACRE. 
 
 THE KINZIE FAMILY IN PERIL — APPEARANCE OF 
 
 "SAUGANASH" on the scene FORT DEARBORN 
 
 BURNED THE KINZIES TAKE REFUGE AT ST. JOS- 
 EPH LIEUTENANT HELJt RELEASED THROUGH 
 
 THE INFLUENCE OF BLACK PARTRIDGE — SOME 
 PROMINENT ACTORS — SKETCHES OF THE NOTED 
 HALF-BREEDS, ALEXANDER ROBINSON AND BILLY 
 CALDWELL ("SAUGANASH" ) — BLACK PARTRIDGE 
 
 AGAIN PROVES HIS HUMANITY UNGRATEFUL 
 
 TREATMENT OF THIS NOBLE "MAN OF THE 
 WOODS." 
 
 Mr. Kinzie, although not directly connected 
 with the fort except as sutler and an occasional 
 interpreter, and regarded as a lifelong friend 
 by the Indians, determined to leave with the 
 troops. A part of his family had taken passage 
 on board a bateau, with which it was intended 
 to keep along the lake shore near the moving 
 column. The boat had reached the mouth of 
 the river (then about where Madison Street 
 now approaches the lake), when a friendly 
 Indian brought intelligence of the tragedy that 
 had just been enacted. Having been halted 
 here, the family were guarded by friendly 
 Indians until able to return with safety to their 
 home opposite the fort. 
 
 While the boat lay at the mouth of the river, 
 Mrs. Kinzie's attention was directed to Mrs. 
 Heald who, although badly wounded, was still 
 on horseback, but a captive in the hands of an 
 Indian who was preparing to scalp her. Through 
 Mrs. Kinzie's appeal to Chandonai, a friendly 
 half-breed and chief of the Pottawatomies, Mrs. 
 Heald, by the offer of a liberal reward, was 
 rescued from her captor and finally taken to 
 the Kinzie home, where a bullet was extracted 
 from one of her most dangerous wounds by Mr. 
 Kinzie with a pen-knife. 
 
 Although once more in their home, the con- 
 dition of the Kinzie family was one of great 
 peril and anxiety. The house was constantly 
 exposed to invasion by hostile savages who 
 watched the inmates with suspicion, while a 
 few, like Black Partridge, sought to shield 
 them from danger. At a time when even the 
 
 faithful Black Partridge had lost hope, the 
 unexpected appearance on the scene of another 
 "friendly" had the effect to avert disaster. This 
 part of the story, as graphically told by Mrs. 
 J. H. Kinzie in her "Waubun," is as follows: 
 
 "At this moment a friendly war-whoop 
 was heard from a party of new-comers on the 
 opposite bank of the river. Black Partridge 
 sprang to meet their leader. 'Who are you?' 
 'A man. Who are you?' 'A man like your- 
 self; but tell me who you are.' 'I am the 
 Sauganash.' (Englishman.) 'Then make all 
 haste to the house. Your friend is in danger; 
 you alone can save him.' Billy Caldwell — 
 for it was he — entered with a calm step and 
 without a trace of agitation. He deliber- 
 ately took off his accoutrements and placed 
 them with his rifle behind the door, then 
 saluted the hostile savages. 
 
 " 'How now, my friends! A good day to 
 you. I was told there were enemies here; 
 but I am glad to find only friends. Why have 
 you blackened your faces? Is it that you are 
 mourning for the friends you lost in battle? 
 Or is it that you are fasting? If so, ask our 
 friend here and he will give you to eat. He 
 is the Indians' friend, and never refused 
 them what they had need of.' 
 
 "Thus taken by surprise, the savages were 
 ashamed to acknowledge their bloody pur- 
 pose. They therefore said modestly that they 
 had come to beg of their friends some white 
 cotton to wrap their dead. This was given 
 them with some presents and they took their 
 departure." 
 
 "Billy Caldwell" — or "The Sauganash" (Eng- 
 lishman), as he was known among the Indians 
 — was the half-breed son of a Pottawatomie 
 woman and an Irish officer in the British army, 
 was educated in a .Jesuit school and fought on 
 the side of the British in the war of 1812, being 
 an aid of Tecumseh's at the Battle of the 
 Thames in 1813. His interference for the pro- 
 tection of the Kinzie family in 1812, seems 
 to have been prompted purely by his personal 
 friendship for Mr. Kinzie. 
 
 The day after the massacre. Fort Dearborn 
 and the Agency building having previously been 
 looted, were burned by the Indians. Three 
 days later, the Kinzie family, having been 
 joined in the meantime by Mrs. Helm in com- 
 pany with a few other refugees, were on the 
 way to St. Joseph, where they found a tempo- 
 
638 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 rary refuge with Alexander Robinson, a half- 
 breed Pottawatomie chief, but soon after were 
 removed as prisoners to Detroit, which had 
 been surrendered by General Hull to the Brit- 
 ish the day after the evacuation of Fort Dear- 
 born. Lieutenant Helm, after being wounded 
 on the day of the massacre, had been carried 
 as a prisoner to a village on the Kankakee. 
 Here he was discovered two months later, by 
 Black Partridge, who, having been author- 
 ized by Col. Thomas Forsyth, a half-brother of 
 Mr. Kinzie, and then Indian Agent at Peoria, 
 to negotiate for his ransom, succeeded in doing 
 so, but not until he had added his pony, his 
 rifle and a large gold ring which he wore in 
 his nose, to the ransom money. The Lieuten- 
 ant was then permitted to join his wife at 
 Detroit and finally, after having been sub- 
 jected to considerable hardship as prisoners 
 under the notorious and inhuman British Col- 
 onel Proctor, they were exchanged. 
 
 A brief reference to some of the actors in 
 this drama, who were afterwards prominent in 
 Chicago history, will be of interest. Alexander 
 Robinson, the half-breed Pottawatomie chief 
 (Indian name Chee-chu-pin-quay) is said by 
 the late Mr. Draper, Secretary of the Wisconsin 
 State Historical Society, to have been the son of 
 a Scotch trader and an Ottawa woman, although 
 the latter is believed to have had French blood 
 in her veins. Another author speaks of him as 
 a "half-breed Chippewa." He appears to have 
 grown up at Mackinac (possibly was born 
 there) and early in the last century was con- 
 nected with a trading house at Bertrand, Mich., 
 and, as early as 1809, visited Chicago. About 
 the date of the evacuation of Fort Dearborn, 
 he appears to have been living at St. Joseph, 
 and, if not present with other members of his 
 tribe at the time of the massacre, evidently 
 made his appearance soon after and accompa- 
 nied the Kinzies to his home — still later taking 
 Captain Heald to Mackinac, where the latter 
 surrendered to the British commandant. The 
 exact date of his locating at Chicago is un- 
 known, but is thought to have been as early as 
 1814. Later he appears to have been associ- 
 ated at different periods with Mr. Kinzie, Gur- 
 don S. Hubbard and others in trade with the 
 Indians. His home at an early day was on the 
 north side alwut the Intersection of Dearborn 
 Avenue and Kinzie Street, and, later, at Wolf 
 Point, the junction of the North and South 
 Branch. He often officiated as Interpreter for 
 
 the Government, and, about 1823, was employed 
 in that capacity by the Indian Agent, Dr. Wol- 
 cott. His name appears in a list of voters and 
 tax-payers at Chicago in 1825 and 1826, and 
 he was one of the signers of the treaty at 
 Prairie du Chien in 1829, and of that at Chicago 
 in 1833 — was granted a reservation of two sec- 
 tions of land on the Des Plaines and an annu- 
 ity of $200 in 1832, and an addition to the lat- 
 ter of $300 at the Treaty of Chicago in 1833. 
 He is reputed to have rendered valuable ser- 
 vice, in conjunction with Caldwell and Sha- 
 bona, in holding his tribe in check during the 
 "Winnebago Scare" of 1827, and again during 
 the Black Hawk War of 1832. He assisted in 
 removing the Indians west of the Mississippi 
 after the Treaty of 1833, but returned and set- 
 tled on his reservation on the Des Plaines, 
 where he spent the remainder of his days, dying 
 there, April 22, 1872. The inscription on his 
 tomb-stone fixes his age at 110 years; though 
 the late Henry H. Hurlbut, who knew Robin- 
 son personally, thinks his age could not have 
 exceeded 85 years, and possibly was not over 80. 
 Capt. Billy Caldwell (Indian, "The Saugan- 
 ash"), alluded to elsewhere as the preserver 
 of the Kinzie family, was a native of Canada, 
 and, although a half-breed, v^sls fairly well edu- 
 cated, being able to write with facility in both 
 the English and French languages, besides 
 being master of several Indian dialects. His 
 devotion to the British cause was the natural 
 result of his having grown up under British 
 rule. From 1807 down to the battle of the 
 Thames in 1813, he was intimately asso- 
 ciated with the celebrated Chief Tecumseh, 
 and known as his "secretary." In 1816 
 he was at Amherstburg. Can., and is 
 believed to have located in Chicago about 1820. 
 His wife was the daughter of a somewhat 
 famous Indian chief named Nee-scot-nee-meg, 
 who is said to have been one of the participants 
 in the massacre of 1812. Caldwell was a tax- 
 payer here in 1825, and in 1826 a voter, serving 
 also as one of the clerks at the same election. 
 During the latter year he was appointed a 
 .lustice of the Peace for Peoria County, to which 
 the region now eml)raced in Cook County was 
 then attached. Altliough an office-holder and 
 a voter under the State Government of Illinois, 
 it appears that Caldwell never renounced his 
 allegiance to Great Britain. In 1828, in con- 
 sideration of his services, the Government 
 erected a house for him on the North Side 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 639 
 
 uear the intersection of North State Street and 
 Chicago Avenue. This house was the first 
 frame building erected in Chicago, much of 
 the material for it having been brought from 
 Cleveland, Ohio. At a later period it was 
 removed to Indiana Street, but was destroyed 
 in the fire of 1871. At the treaty of Prairie du 
 Chien in 1829 a reservation of two and a half 
 sections of land on the Chicago River was set 
 apart for Caldwell, and at Tippecanoe, in 1833, 
 he was granted an annuity of $600. He is 
 described by his contemporaries as "a tall, fine- 
 looking man," of high courage and strong com- 
 mon sense. During the troubles with the Win- 
 nebagoes in 1827, and the Sacs and Foxes in 
 1832, he proved himself a faithful and efficient 
 friend of the whites. On the departure of the 
 Indians from Northern Illinois for their new 
 home west of the Mississippi, in .1836, he felt 
 it his duty to accompany them; and, after liv- 
 ing with them five years, died at (or near) 
 Council Bluffs, Iowa, Septem*ber 28, 1841, in the 
 60th yeai- of his age. "The Sauganash Hotel," 
 a log-buildiug erected at the corner of Lake 
 and Market Streets, and opened as a hotel, 
 about 1831, by Mark Beaubien, was one of the 
 earliest and most noted hostelries in the future 
 great city, and was named in honor of Captain 
 Caldwell. (See Shabona; also, Beaubien, Mark. 
 —Hist. Encyc. of III, Vol I.) 
 
 The Indian, Black Partridge, who had sought 
 so faithfully to protect Mrs. Helm and the fam- 
 ily of Mr. Kinzie, continued his kindness to 
 tiie sufferers after the massacre. One of his 
 benevolent acts, of which mention has been 
 made by Mrs. Kinzie, was the carrying of an 
 infant of a Mrs. Lee to Chicago, a distance of 
 fifty miles, in order that it might receive medi- 
 cal treatment. Mrs. Lee was the widow of 
 Charles Lee, the owner of "Lee's Place," where 
 had occurred the tragedy of the spring of 1812 
 before the Fort Dearborn massacre. Mr. Lee, 
 with a son and daughter, had been killed dur- 
 ing the massacre. Black Partridge, who had 
 taken charge of the surviving members of the 
 family, wished to marry the widow, but, too 
 honorable to force his affections upon her, con- 
 tinued to treat her with respect in spite of her 
 refusal. Later, she became the wife of a 
 French trader named Du Pin, who located here 
 about the time of the massacre. The magna- 
 nimity of this high-minded and honorable savage 
 did not protect him, however, from punishment 
 for the wrongs committed by other members 
 
 of his tribe. According to Moses' History of Illi- 
 nois, it was only a few months later, when his 
 village, then located near the head of Peoria 
 Lake, was attacked ■without provocation by a 
 party of volunteers under command of Governor 
 Edwards on the way to Peoria, and some thirty 
 of Black Partridge's followers were killed, their 
 village and stores burned and eighty horses 
 captured. (See Moses' "History of Illinois," 
 Vol. I., p. 253.) Black Partridge's experience 
 seems to have been a counterpart of that of the 
 celebrated Chief Logan — examples which have 
 left an indelible stain upon American civiliza- 
 tion. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE SECOND FORT DEARBORN. 
 
 FOI'R YEARS OF ARRESTED DE\'EL0PMENT — FORT 
 DEARBORN IN DESOLATION — ITS RESTORATION 
 
 BEGUN IN 1816 BURIAL OF VICTIMS OF THE 
 
 MASSACRE LIST OF COMMANDANTS A NEW 
 
 IMMIGRATION SETS IN THE KINZIES AMONO 
 
 THE FIRST TO ARRIVE OTHER NOTABLE ARRIV- 
 ALS — THE CLYIiOURNS, GALLOWAYS, HEACOCK. 
 ETC. A FIP.E IN FORT DEARBORN THE "WINNE- 
 BAGO SCARE." 
 
 The four years following the evacuation of 
 Fort Dearborn was a period. of practical sus- 
 pension, SO far as Chicago history was con- 
 cerned. The evacuation and subsequent mas- 
 sacre resulted in the elimination from the 
 region about the mouth of the Chicago River 
 of the last remnant of American civilization. 
 All that remained consisted of the mixed 
 French and Indian type, such as had existed, 
 for a century previous, at the various trading 
 posts along the Great Lakes and about the head- 
 waters of the Mississippi. For the time being 
 the northern portion of what then constituted 
 the Territory of Illinois was under practical 
 control of the British, or rather their savage 
 allies who roamed over all this region at their 
 will. Probably the only family permitted to 
 remain here immediately after the massacre, 
 was that of the French trader Ouilmette, which, 
 being composed chiefly of half-breeds, was 
 regarded as friendly to the Indians. It is said. 
 
640 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 however, that another trader named Du Pin 
 came here about the time of the evacuation, or 
 soon after, and occupied the Kinzie home. It 
 has been claimed that Jean Baptiste Beaubien, 
 who had been engaged in the fur trade on the 
 Grand River of Michigan, probably before 1800, 
 and at a later date at Mackinac and Milwaukee, 
 about the time of the massacre bought the Lee 
 cabin on the Lake shore south of the fort. 
 While Beaubien may have been here for a time 
 during this period, there is no conclusive evi- 
 dence that he resided here permanently until 
 some years later. One John Dean, an army eon- 
 tractor, appears to have erected a house near 
 the old fort about the close of the period here 
 referred to, and this was purchased by Beaubien 
 and became his home in 1817. Beaubien became 
 the head of a large and well-known family, and, 
 in later years, was in the employ of the Ameri- 
 can Fur Company and owner of a farm at 
 "Hardscrabble" (the historic Lee Place), where 
 quite a number of families lived. The arrival 
 of Alexander Robinson (half-breed Indian 
 chief) in 1814 has been mentioned elsewhere. 
 
 Peace between the United States and Great 
 Britain having been declared in 1815, the 
 Indian Agency was re-established at Chicago 
 the same year, under the former Agent, Charles 
 Jouett. During the following year (1816) Fort 
 Dearborn was rebuilt under the direction of 
 Capt. Hezekiah Bradley, who brought with him 
 two companies of infantry. The date of Cap- 
 tain Bradley's arrival is said to have been July 
 4, 1816, the same day of the month upon which 
 his predecessor. Captain Whistler, arrived thir- 
 teen years before. One of the earliest acts of 
 Captain Bradley's troops after arriving was the 
 burial of the victims of the massacre of 1812, 
 whose bones had lain bleaching on the lake 
 shore during the intervening four years. 
 
 The new fort was erected on the site of the 
 old one, though constructed on a somewhat 
 larger scale and improved plan. It consisted of 
 a. quadrangular stockade of oak pickets four- 
 teen feet high, inclosing barracks for the sol- 
 diers and officers' quarters, constructed of 
 hewed logs and two stories in height. A mag- 
 azine (of brick) and store-houses were also 
 embraced In the area of about 600 feet square. 
 The soldiers' barracks were located on the east 
 Bide and the officers' quarters on the west. The 
 structure was defended by l)a8tlons at the 
 northwoBt and the 8outhea.st corners, with a 
 blockhouw; at the southwest angle. Captain 
 
 Bradley remained in command until the fol- 
 lowing year (1817), when he was succeeded by 
 Maj. Daniel Baker, who remained until 1820. 
 Captain Bradley then resumed command for 
 one year. Other commandants were: Maj. 
 Alexander Cummings, 1821; Lieut. Col. John 
 McNeil, 1821-23; Capt. John Greene for a short 
 time in 1823. In May of the latter year, the 
 garrison having been withdrawn, the fort was 
 turned over to Dr. Alexander Wolcott, then 
 Indian Agent at Chicago. In August, 1828, fol- 
 lowing upon the heels of the "Winnebago 
 Scare," the fort was again occupied by a gar- 
 rison under command of Maj. John Fowle, so 
 continuing until May, 1831, when it was again 
 evacuated. Again, in June, 1832 — the Black- 
 Hawk War being then in its early stages — the 
 fort was reoccupied by a force under command 
 of Maj. William Whistler, the son of Capt. 
 John Whistler, the builder of the first Fort 
 Dearborn. Major Whistler was succeeded by 
 Maj. John Fowle for a short time, and the lat- 
 ter, in 1833, by Maj. De Lafayette Wilcox. After 
 a few other changes, on December 29, 1836, it 
 was permanently abandoned, the garrison being 
 ordered to Fort Howard, near Green Bay. The 
 structure gradually disappeared before the 
 advancing tide of development in Chicago, 
 although the old block-house stood until 1857, 
 when it was demolished. 
 
 Although peace had generally been restored 
 throughout the Northwest before the time of 
 the rebuilding of Fort Dearborn, the accessions 
 to population about the fort, in the next decade 
 and a half, gave no indication of the rapid 
 influx that was to be witnessed a generation or 
 two later — the arrivals for some time being 
 confined almost exclusively to Government 
 employes or persons engaged in trade with the 
 Indians. One of the earliest arrivals during 
 this period was that of Mr. John Kinzie, who, 
 after remaining a prisoner for some time in 
 the hands of the British, had spent most of the 
 interval of his absence from Chicago in the 
 effort to reestablish his business at Detroit. 
 On returning to Chicago he re-occupied the 
 historic house opposite the fort which he had 
 abandoned after the massacre, thus establish- 
 ing his claim as the first permanent settler at 
 Chicago. Here he resumed his occupation as a 
 silversmith and fur-trader, some years later 
 entering into the service of the American Fur 
 Company. He also served for a time as sub- 
 agent under Indian Agent Charles Jouett. In 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 641 
 
 1821, and again in 1823, he was recommended 
 for appointment as a Justice of the Peace — at 
 the former date for Pike County and, at the 
 later, for Fulton — but in 1825 was formally 
 appointed for Peoria County, becoming the first 
 Justice at Chicago, which had been transferred 
 to the jurisdiction of Peoria County the same 
 year. Some time in 1827 the Kinzie family took 
 up their residence in the fort, which had been 
 vacated as a military post four years previous. 
 Later they resided in a house belonging to J. B. 
 Beaubien, just outside the fort, and here Mr. 
 Kinzie died on January 26, 1828. (See Kinzie, 
 John. — Hist. Encyc. of III., Vol. I.) Those 
 arriving during the next four years, but not 
 previously mentioned in this record, included: 
 Jacob B. Varnum, United States Factor, who 
 came in 1816 and remained until about 1822, 
 when the factory was abolished; John Crafts, 
 fur-trader, from 1817 until about 1823, when 
 he entered into the service of the American Fur 
 Company, but, dying in 1825, was succeeded by 
 John Kinzie; Dr. Alexander Wolcott came as 
 successor to Mr. Jouett as Indian Agent in 
 1820, serving until his death ten years later. 
 (See Wolcott (Dr.) Alexander. — Hist. Encyc. of 
 III., Vol. I.) Henry R. Schoolcraft, the noted 
 ethnologist and naturalist, who visited Chicago 
 in 1820, says there were only four or five fam- 
 ilies here at that time, of whom he names those 
 of John Kinzie, Dr. Wolcott, John B. Beaubien 
 and John Crafts. Two years later (1822) 
 Charles C. Trowbridge made a trip on Govern- 
 ment business from Detroit to Chicago, when 
 there does not seem to have been any increase, 
 as he names only Kinzie, Wolcott and Beaubien 
 as residents about the fort — Crafts being then 
 located at "Hardscrabble." 
 
 In 1822 the accessions included David 
 McKee, who came here as Government black- 
 smith in connection with the Indian Agency, 
 and became a permanent citizen, dying at 
 Aurora in 1881. Joseph Porthier, a Frenchman, 
 with a half-breed family, also came the same 
 year, as McKee's assistant. The most impor- 
 tant addition to the population about this period 
 was due to the arrival, in 1823, of Archibald 
 Clybourn, a distant relative of the Kinzies. who, 
 coming from Virginia, joined his half-brother, 
 John K. Clark, who had been engaged as a clerk 
 in trade with the Indians for several years. The 
 following year Clybourn and Clark brought out 
 the family of Jonas Clybourn, the father of the 
 former, and the new arrivals, settling on the 
 
 North Branch, started the growth of the village 
 in that direction. Mr. Clybourn became the 
 first Constable at Chicago, being appointed for 
 Peoria County in 1825, and a Justice of the 
 Peace in 1831. Another arrival of 1824 was 
 James Galloway, who brought his family by 
 way of the Lakes from Sandusky, Ohio, and, 
 locating at "Hardscrabble," was engaged in the 
 fur trade for some three years, finally removing 
 to LaSalle County in 1827. Here Archibald 
 Clybourn was married in 1829 to Miss Mary 
 Galloway, oldest daughter of Mr. Galloway, who 
 survived until 1904, in an honored old age^ 
 Mr. Clybourn became a successful and respected 
 business man, was one of the first to engage in 
 the packing business in Chicago, and did much 
 to build up the northwestern part of the city.. 
 Clybourn Avenue was named in his honor. 
 Rev. William See, a local Methodist preacher 
 from Virginia, came the same year the Cly- 
 bourns did, and, for a time, lived in a log-house 
 on the West Side. He became the first County 
 Clerk on the organization of Cook County and, 
 later, a Justice of the Peace; but spent over 
 twenty years, in the latter part of his life, in 
 Wisconsin, dying at Pulaski, in that State, in 
 1858. Others who located at "Hardscrabble" 
 about the time the Galloways were there were 
 the Laframboise families — father and three sons 
 (1824), half-breeds engaged in trade with the 
 Indians; William H. Wallace (1826), a fur- 
 trader, said to have died there a year later, 
 and David and Bernardus (or Barnabas) 
 Laughton, also traders, who located a year or so 
 later on The Des Plaines about where River- 
 side now is. In fact, about this time — leaving 
 out the garrison at Fort Dearborn — "Hard- 
 scrabble" seems to have been not less populous,, 
 and scarcely less important as a business point, 
 than its rival at the mouth of the river. The 
 assessment roll for Peoria County, to which 
 Chicago was attached in 1825, contained a list 
 of fourteen persons — probably comprising all 
 the heads of families in this region at that time 
 — paying taxes on a valuation ranging from $50 
 to $5,000, each. The larger sum was assessed 
 against John Crafts, the Agent of the American 
 Fur Company, while the others graded down,, 
 from $1,000 for J. B. Beaubien to the smaller 
 sum mentioned. Judging from the names of 
 the tax-payers about one-half were Frenchmen, 
 or of French descent — several of them being 
 half-breeds. 
 
 The year of the arrival of the elder Clybourn 
 
642 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 (1824) James Kinzie, an older son of Mr. John 
 Kinzie bj' the first wife of the latter — who had 
 been an employe of the American Fur Company 
 about Mackinac and Milwaukee — came to Chi- 
 cago and, later, became a prominent business 
 man. About 1S26 Kinzie and David Hall, a half- 
 brother of Kinzie's, from Virginia, kept a store 
 in a cabin on the South Side, at the forks of 
 the river. During the same year Mark Beau- 
 bien, a younger brother of J. Beaubien, appeared 
 on the ground and soon after purchased a cabin 
 from Kinzie, probably the one just mentioned. 
 There will be occasion to refer to both Kinzie 
 and Beaubien again in connection with the his- 
 tory of early Chicago hotels. The year 1826 
 also saw the advent in this vicinity of Jesse 
 Walker, the pioneer Methodist Missionary in 
 Northern Illinois, who, a year or so later, 
 erected a log-cabin at Wolf Point, which, in 
 after years, was used as a meeting house, where 
 one of Chicago's early schools was taught by 
 John Watkins. The Scott family — Stephen H., 
 Willard and Willis — came this year, and the 
 former located a claim at Gross Point, now 
 Wilmette. 
 
 An arrival of importance in 1827 was that 
 of Russell E. Heacock, who, after spending sev- 
 eral years in the southern part of the State, 
 removed to Chicago, and became the earliest 
 practicing lawyer here. Soon after his arrival 
 Mr. Heacock taught a school in Fort Dearborn, 
 but a year later was living on the South Branch 
 at a place called 'Heacock's? Point." He was 
 prominent in the organization of Cook County 
 in 1831, and was appointed a Justice of the 
 Peace for the new county two years later. He 
 also bore a prominent part, at a subsequent 
 period, in connection with the discussion of the 
 Illinois & Michigan Canal question. (See 
 Heacock, Russell E. — Hist. Encyc. of III., Vol. 
 I.) 
 
 An incident of the year 1827 was a iire in 
 Fort Dearborn caused by lightning during the 
 night, which resulted in the destruction of the 
 soldiers' barracks and store-house, with a part 
 of the guard house. This occurred just at the 
 close of the payment of annuities to the Pot- 
 tawatomies, which had been celebrated by a 
 dance In the soldiers' quarters the same night. 
 Gurdon S. Hubbard, who relates the incident in 
 the "Reminiscences" of his life, says the alarm 
 was given by Mrs. Helm, who saw the flames 
 from her window In the Kinzie dwelling on the 
 north Bide of the river. Mr. Hubbard, who 
 
 happened to be there, accompanied by Robert 
 H. Kinzie, finding it impossible to launch a 
 canoe, swam the river, and arousing the inmates 
 of the fort, took a prominent part in subduing 
 the flames. The men and women, about forty 
 in number, formed a line between the fort and 
 the river, and every available utensil was 
 brought into use in passing water to Mr. Kin- 
 zie, who had taken his place on the roof. 
 Although he had taken the precaution to wrap 
 himself in a wet blanket, Mr. Kinzie was 
 severely burned about his face and hands, but 
 kept his place until the flames were brought 
 under subjection. A number of Indians, who 
 had gathered around as spectators, refused to 
 give any assistance in fighting the flames. 
 
 It was a few days — ^probably one week — 
 after this event that Gen. Lewis Cass, then Gov- 
 ernor of Michigan Territory, arrived at Chi- 
 cago, coming from Green Bay by way of Fox 
 River, the Wisconsin and the Mississippi to St. 
 Louis, and thence returning by the Illinois — fol- 
 lowing the route pursued by Joliet and Mar- 
 quette in 1673 — bringing with him the first 
 intelligence of the actual outbreak of hostilities 
 with the Winnebagos. General Cass is said to 
 have been entertained on this occasion at the 
 Kinzie home, but left in a few hours, by the 
 western shore of the lake, for Green Bay. 
 
 An important event following closely upon 
 the fire in Fort Dearborn of this year (1827) 
 was the outbreak of the "Winnebago War," 
 which, although the principal disturbances 
 occurred on the upper Mississippi, produced a 
 general panic throughout all the white set- 
 tlements of Northern Illinois, in view of the 
 possibility that other tribes (especially the Pot- 
 tawatomies) might be drawn into hostilities. 
 Many of the settlers throughout the region con- 
 tiguous to Chicago hastened to Fort Dearboru 
 for safety, although the fort was at the time 
 without a garrison. The militia were called 
 out by the Governor, and Mr. Gurdon S. Hub- 
 bard, acting in the interest of the people col- ■ 
 lected at Fort Dearborn, mad'', an unprecedented ■ 
 trip to Danville to procure aid, returning at the 
 end of seven days with a force of one hundred 
 volunteers under the command of an old Indian 
 fighter named Morgan. Through the influence 
 of Billy Caldwell and Shabona, the Pottawato 
 mies were prevented from joining the Winne- 
 bagos, and General Atkinson having arrived at 
 the scene of the disturbances with a force of 
 over 700 regulars from Fort Jefferson, below 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 643 
 
 St. Louis, a settlement of the difficulties was 
 reached by the voluntary surrender of the prin- 
 cipal leaders. During the continuance of the 
 excitement at Fort Dearborn, a company of 
 citizens, composed mostly of Canadian half- 
 breeds and a few Americans, formed an organ- 
 ization for defense \inder the command of Col. 
 J. B. Beaubien. (See Winnebago War. — Hist. 
 Enc. of 111., Vol. I.) 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 CHICAGO IN EMBRYO. 
 
 VARIED ORTHOGRAPHY OF THE NAME CHICAGO 
 
 REPUTED ORIGIN OF THE NAME SOME EARLY 
 
 IMPRESSIONS OF THE FUTURE GREAT METROP- 
 OLIS AS SEEN BY JUDGE STORROW, GURDON S. 
 
 HU15BARD, SCHOOLCRAFT, PROFESSOR KEATING 
 
 AND OTHERS — EARLY MAIL FACILITIES SOME 
 
 PIONEER HOTELS AND THEIR HISTORY. 
 
 Probably no other name in all history has 
 given rise to so many different forms of spell- 
 ing, in the effort to perpetuate it in written 
 symbols, as the word "Chicago." More than 
 sixty different varieties of orthography have 
 been enumerated, most of them due to imper- 
 fect attempts to transfer, from an unwritten to 
 a written language, sounds in themselves vary- 
 ing more or less according to the dialect 
 through which they were transmitted, as well 
 as affected by the difference in hearing or intel- 
 ligence of those receiving them. Only the more 
 important and historical modes of spelling will 
 be cited here. They embrace the following, 
 with the authorities through which they were 
 derived, arranged in a somewhat chronological 
 order: Che-cau-gou (Father Hennepin); She- 
 ca-gou (LaSalle); Chi-ca-gou (Marquette and 
 LaSalle); Chi-ca-ga (Sanson, geographer to 
 Louis XIV.); Che-ka-gou and Chi-ka-goue (old 
 maps of 1679-82) ; Cha-ca-qua (old French 
 maps, 1684-96); Che-ga-kou (LaHontan) ; Chi- 
 ca-gou-a (Father Gravier) ; Chi-ca-gu, Chi-ca- 
 gou, Chi-ca-qw and Chi-ca-go (St. Cosme, 1700) ; 
 Che-ka-kou (Moll, cartographer, 1720); Chi-ca- 
 gou (Charlevoix, 1721); Chi-ca-goe (report of 
 English Commissioners, 1721); Chi-ca-goux 
 
 (letter of M. De Ligney to M. De Siette, 1726); 
 Eschikagou (Colonel DePeyster, British Com- 
 mandant at Mackinac, 1779); Chi~ka-go (Capt. 
 William Whistler, builder of the first Fort Dear- 
 born) ; Chi-cau-ga (Niles' Register, 1813). 
 Besides these spellings for the name of the 
 river and the locality about its mouth, there 
 are a number of other words of similar sound, 
 and alleged to be of related significance, from 
 the Indian dialects, as She-cau-go ("playful 
 waters"); Choc-ca-go ("destitute"); Sho-gang 
 (skunk). 
 
 The signification of the term has been much 
 debated, but while its first meaning is conceded 
 to be the "skunk," "leek" or "wild onion," 
 competent etymologists claim that it is also 
 the synonym of "strong, mighty or powerful." 
 Henry R. Schoolcraft, the celebrated ethnol- 
 ogist, who spent many years among the Indians 
 in the Northwest and was familiar with many 
 of their dialects, defined the word Chicago as 
 "Place of the Wild Leek" (or onion). Samuel 
 A. Storrow, who visited Fort Dearborn as a 
 Judge Advocate of the United States Army in 
 1817, in an oflficial report speaks of "the River 
 Chicago — or, in plain English, Wild Onion 
 River" — and this view of the definition is cor- 
 roborated by Gurdon S. Hubbard, who was here 
 in 1818, and many more who asserted that at 
 an early day the wild onion grew in great lux- 
 uriance in the marshes about the mouth of the 
 river. The theory has also been strongly main- 
 tained (referred to in Mrs. Kinzie's "Waubun" 
 as handed down through Indian tradition) that 
 the river Chicago derived its name from a noted 
 Indian Chief of the Illinois, of the same name, 
 who was drowned in the river at a remote 
 period. Charles Fenno Hoffman, whose letters 
 have been alluded to elsewhere as written here 
 during the winter of 1833-34, when the Indians 
 were still numerous throughout this section, 
 gave the pronunciation of the word, as uttered 
 by the Indians at that time, as "Tschi-cau-go." 
 The Indian pronunciation of the name, as 
 described by Mr. Fernando Jones — who prob- 
 ably retains a more vivid recollection of the 
 Pottawatomie dialect than any other among 
 the few surviving pioneers of Chicago — closely 
 resembles that just quoted from Mr. Hoffman. 
 The last two syllables, "cau-go" — with a strong 
 accent on the last syllable — as defined by Mr. 
 Jones on the basis of information derived 
 directly from the Pottawatomies, simply meant 
 "Nothing ;" while the first syllable, "Tschi" 
 
644 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ("S-shi-"), pronounced with a strong hissing 
 accent, simply made the meaning more 
 emphatic — "absolutely nothing." This rather 
 graphic definition, as explained by Mr. Jones, 
 ■was intended by the Indians to describe the 
 Chicago River, which — after being explored 
 from its mouth up both branches into the 
 marshes which, in the dry season, soon ceased 
 to be navigable even for an Indian's canoe — 
 was declared to be "Absolutely Nothing" — as a 
 river. If this was the Indian conception of the 
 Chicago River at the beginning of the nine- 
 teenth century, its present condition as a 
 water-way, bearing a large percentage of the 
 commerce of the Nation and destined to become 
 the connecting link between the great lakes 
 and the Gulf of Mexico, illustrates the marvel- 
 ous results which have been wrought by the 
 civilization of a single century. (See article on 
 "The Name Chicago," by Mr. Fernando Jones 
 at close of this chapter.) 
 
 The following additional forms of spelling 
 the name of a prominent Indian of the Illinois 
 tribe, supposed to be the same identified with 
 the naming of the Chicago River, have been fur- 
 nished by different French explorers of this 
 period: Chachagouession (Marquette); Chas- 
 sagoac (Membre) ; Chassagouache (LaSalle). 
 
 While Chicago was visited by numerous trav- 
 elers, oflicial and otherwise, during the first 
 decade after the restoration of Fort Dearborn, 
 the number of those whose impressions regard- 
 ing the place at this primitive period in its 
 history have come down to us, has been com- 
 paratively small. James W. Biddle, of Phila- 
 delphia, a contractor engaged in furnishing sup- 
 plies to the troops in 1816, said of the condi- 
 tion of the place at that time: "Chicago then 
 had no trading reputation, vessels only visiting 
 it to carry troops or provisions to supply them." 
 A visitor to Fort Dearborn in 1817 was Judge 
 Advocate Samuel A. Storrow, of the United 
 States Army. In a report of his visit, he had 
 this to say of the physical conformation of the 
 country between the Chicago and Des Plaines 
 Rivers: 
 
 "The course of these two rivers illustrates 
 the geographical phenomenon of a reservoir 
 on the very summit of a dividing ridge. In 
 the autumn they are both without any appar- 
 ent fountain, but are formed within a mile 
 and a half of each other by some impercep- 
 tible undulations of the prairie which drain 
 
 and lead in different directions. But in the 
 spring the space between the two is a single 
 sheet of water, the common reservoir of both, 
 in the center of which there is no current 
 toward either of the opposite streams." (Then, 
 speaking particularly of the location of Fort 
 Dearborn, he adds:) "It has no advantage 
 of harbor, the river itself being always 
 choked, and frequently barred, from the same 
 cause that I have imputed to the other 
 streams of this country" (viz.: the accu- 
 mulation of sand dunes about their mouths 
 by the combined action of winds and waves.) 
 "In the rear of the fort is a prairie of the 
 most complete flatness, no signs of elevation 
 being within range of the eye. The soil and 
 climate are both excellent." 
 
 One of the most important arrivals at Chi- 
 cago about that period was that of Gurdon S. 
 Hubbard, who, although then only a youth of 
 about sixteen years, at a later period became one 
 of Chicago's most prominent and highly 
 esteemed business men. In an interesting vol- 
 ume of reminiscences relating to his experi- 
 ences while in the employ of the American Fur 
 Company, Mr. Hubbard gives the following 
 account of his first sight of Fort Dearborn in 
 the fall of 1818 — having come from Mackinac 
 hy the eastern and southern shore of the lake: 
 
 "On the evening of September 30, 1818, 
 reached the mouth of the Calumet River, then 
 known as the 'Little Calumet,' where we met 
 a party of Indians returning to their villages 
 from a visit to Chicago. They .were very 
 drunk and before midnight commenced a 
 fight in which several of their number were 
 killed. Owing to this disturbance we removed 
 our camp to the opposite side of the river. 
 We started at dawn. The morning was calm 
 and bright, and we, in our holiday attire, 
 with flags flying, completed the last twelve 
 miles of our lake voyage. Arriving at Doug- 
 las Grove, where the prairie could be seen 
 through the oak woods, I landed and, climb- 
 ing a tree, gazed in admiration on the first 
 prairie I had ever seen. The waving grass, 
 intermingling with a rich profusion of wild 
 flowers, was the most beautiful sight I had 
 ever gazed upon. In the distance the grove 
 of Blue Island loomed up, beyond it the tim- 
 ber on the Des Plaines River, while, to give 
 animation to the scene, a herd of wild deer 
 appeared and a pair of red foxes emerged 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 645 
 
 from the grass within gunshot of me. Ix)ok- 
 ing north, I saw the whitewashed buildings 
 of Fort Dearborn sparkling in the sunshine, 
 our boats with flags flying and oars keeping 
 time to the cheering boat-song. I was spell- 
 bound and amazed at the beautiful scene 
 before me. I took the trail leading to the 
 fort, and on my arrival, found our party 
 camped on the north side of the river near 
 what is now State Street. A soldier ferried 
 me aci-oss the river in a canoe, and thus I 
 made mv first entry into Chicago, October 1, 
 1818." 
 
 Making due allowance for the enthusiasm of 
 youth with which Mr. Hubbard, for the first 
 time,, looked upon the scene about the mouth 
 of the Chicago River, there can be no doubt 
 that the view was a most inspiring one, but 
 would have been infinitely more so if he could 
 have looked forward in history to a period 
 three-quarters of a century later. A description 
 scarcely less enthusiastic than that of Mr. Hub- 
 bard, and belonging to the same era, was that 
 furnished by Henry R. Schoolcraft, the cele- 
 brated ethnologist and naturalist, in his "Nar- 
 rative Journal of Travels from Detroit North- 
 west to the Sources of the Mississippi in 
 1820." Mr. Schoolcraft, having arrived here 
 in company with Gov. Lewis Cass, thus states 
 his impressions of the surrounding country: 
 
 "The country around Chicago is the most 
 fertile and beautiful that can be imagined. 
 It consists of an intermixture of woods and 
 prairies, diversified with gentle slopes, some- 
 times attaining the elevation of hills, and 
 irrigated by a number of clear streams and 
 rivers which throw their waters partly into 
 Lake Michigan and partly into the Mississippi 
 River. As a farming country it unites the 
 fertile soil of the finest lowland prairies with 
 an elevation which exempts it from the influ- 
 ence of stagnant waters, and a summer cli- 
 mate of delightful serenity, while the mead- 
 ows present all the advantages of raising 
 stock of the most favored part of the valley 
 of the Mississippi. It is already the seat of 
 several flourishing plantations, and only 
 requires the extinguishment of the Indian 
 titles to the land to become one of the most 
 attractive fields for the immigrant. To the 
 ordinary advantages of an agricultural mar- 
 ket town it must hereafter add that of a 
 depot for the inland commerce between the 
 
 northern and southern sections of the Union, 
 and a great thoroughfare for strangers, mer- 
 chants and travelers." 
 
 All of which — and more — was accomplished 
 before the close of the century, giving to Mr. 
 Schoolcraft's description an air of prophecy. 
 
 An impression of a sort quite different from 
 those just cited was that received by Prof. W. 
 H. Keating, geologist and historiographer of 
 Major Stephen H. Long's expedition to the 
 sources of St. Peter's River in 1823. His report 
 has been widely attributed to Major Long, who, 
 although probably approving it, cannot be said 
 technically to have been its author. Professor 
 Keating— who was Professor of Mineralogy and 
 Chemistry in the University of Pennsylvania — 
 in his narrative of Long's expedition, published 
 in London in 1825, makes the following refer- 
 ence to Chicago: 
 
 "We were much disappointed at the appear- 
 ance of Chicago and its vicinity. We found in 
 it nothing to justify the great eulogium lav- 
 ished upon this place by a late traveler 
 (Schoolcraft), who obsen'es that it 'is the 
 most fertile and beautiful that can be imag- 
 ined.' " (The writer then goes on to com- 
 ment upon the obstacles to be encountered in 
 obtaining satisfactory supplies for the sub- 
 sistence of troops from the immediate vicin- 
 ity, and the difficulties met with by agricul- 
 turists on account of the shallowness and 
 humidity of the soil, and its exposure to "cold 
 and damp winds, which blow from the lake 
 with great force during most part of the 
 year," the destruction of growing crops by 
 insects, birds, etc., and then proceeds: ) "The 
 appearance of the country near Chicago offers 
 but few features upon which the eye of the 
 traveler can dwell with pleasure. There is 
 too much uniformity in the scenery; the 
 extensive water prospect is a waste uncheck- 
 ered by islands, unenlivened by the spreading 
 canvas, and the fatiguing monotony of which 
 is increased by the equally undiversified pros- 
 pect of the land scenery which affords no 
 relief in sight, as it consists merely of a plain 
 in which but few patches of thin and scrubby 
 woods are observed here and there. The 
 village presents no cheering prospect as, not- 
 withstanding its antiquity, it consists of but 
 few huts inhabited by a miserable race of 
 men scarcely equal to the Indians from whom 
 they are descended. Their log or bark houses 
 
646 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 are low, filthy and disgusting, displaying not 
 the least trace of comfort. . . . The 
 number of trails centering at this point, and 
 their apparent antiquity, indicate that this 
 was probably for a long time the site of a 
 large Indian village. As a place of business 
 it offers no inducements to the settler." 
 
 While Professor Keating may have looked 
 upon the scene with the eye of a rather fastidi- 
 ous artist, it was e%-idently without imagination, 
 as he foresaw nothing of the development 
 brought about within the next half century, 
 removing many of the blemishes of which he 
 complained and supplying some of the very 
 features whose absence he deplored — the 
 "scrubby woods" giving place to extensive man- 
 ufactories and vast mercantile establishments, 
 while the waste of waters, "unenlivened by the 
 spreading canvas," has been transformed into 
 a highway of commerce connecting Chicago, 
 not only with every lake port, but even with 
 Europe itself. Yet, in view of possibilities 
 growing out of the construction of the Illinois 
 and Michigan Canal, Major Long's histori- 
 ographer thought it "not impossible that, at 
 some distant day, when the banks of the Illi- 
 nois shall have been covered by a dense popu- 
 lation, and when the low prairies which extend 
 between that river and Fort Wayne shall have 
 acquired a population proportionate to the prod- 
 uce which they can yield, Chicago may ieu ma 
 one of the points in the direct line of com- 
 munication between the northern lakes and the 
 Mississippi" — a conclusion showing that he was 
 not wholly incapable of realizing the changes 
 which might be wrought by the development of 
 less than a century. 
 
 Previous to 1826 the residents about Fort 
 Dearborn were compelled to depend upon occa- 
 sional visits of traders or travelers, or the 
 arrival of small lake craft bringing supplies for 
 the troops at Fort Dearborn or for the fur- 
 traders located here, for communication with 
 the outside world. At an early day the officers 
 of the fort were accustomed, in cases of emer- 
 gency, to employ special messengers or "run- 
 ners," while ordinarily and at long intervals 
 receiving mail for the garrison from Fort 
 Wayne, now in Eastern Indiana. The first 
 regular mall-route crossing the Allegheny 
 Mountains was established between Philadel- 
 phia and Pittsburg in 1788; in 1794 it was 
 extende<l to Louisville, In 1800 to Vinccnnes. 
 
 and, in 1810, from Vincennes to Cape Girardeau 
 in Missouri. By 1824 a direct route had been 
 established between Vandalia and Springfield, 
 and, during 1826, David McKee, who had come 
 to Fort Dearborn as a Government blacksmith 
 in 1822, began carrying dispatches and letters 
 once a month between Chicago and Fort Wayne 
 — two weeks being required to make the trip 
 one way. At a later date White Pigeon, Mich., 
 became the supply station instead of Fort 
 Wayne. At a still later period — probably 
 ISoO — according to the Hon. John Wentworth, 
 the supply point was moved westward to Niles, 
 Mich., and Elijah Wentworth, Jr., the son of 
 Chicago's second hotel-keeper, became the mail- 
 carrier. Early in 1831 a post-office was estab- 
 lished here and Jonathan N. Bailey, by appoint- 
 ment of President Jackson, became the first 
 postmaster, using the Kinzie house on the North 
 Side of the Chicago River, opposite Fort Dear- 
 born, as a residence and postoffice. The car- 
 rier about this time is said to have been an 
 Indian half-breed, who made the trip from 
 Niles, Mich., once in two weeks. Bross's "His- 
 tory of Chicago" says: "In 1832 there was a 
 mail-route established from Tecumseh, Mich., 
 by way of Niles to Chicago; from Chicago to 
 Danville, also Ifrom Chicago to Green Day," 
 the two last named places being supplied by 
 mail carried weekly on horseback. The car- 
 riers on these routes, especially that to Green 
 Bay, suffered great hardship from exposure to 
 cold and heavy snows in passing through long 
 stretches of country that were totally uninhab- 
 ited. After 1831 the history of the postoffice 
 became a part of the history of Chicago, and 
 the arrival of the stage coach, under the suc- 
 cessive management of Frink, Messrs. Frink & 
 Bingham, and Messrs. Frink & Walker, became 
 an important feature of Chicago daily life. (See 
 Chicago Postoffice.) 
 
 Prior to 1830 the bulk of the settlement at 
 Chicago had begun to concentrate about "Wolf 
 Point," as the locality at the junction of the 
 North and the South Branch was known, Fort 
 Dearborn, during a part of that time (1823 
 to 1828), being occupied by the Indian Agent 
 instead of a garrison. The tide of travel which 
 had begun to set in by that time created a 
 demand for places of entertainment, although 
 up to that period there scarcely seems to have 
 been any thought of organizing a village here, 
 much less of founding a city. Previous to this 1 
 (late the few travelers visiting the locality of J 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 647 
 
 Fort Dearborn — if not public officials and, there- 
 fore, entitled to entertainment at the fort or 
 the Agency — were, no doubt, accommodated in 
 private homes. That of the Kinzie family, 
 being the most commodious, as well as the most 
 Tvidely known, was probably most frequently 
 called upon to give evidence of its hospitality. 
 While there is some doubt as to the date of 
 the formal opening of the first house of public 
 entertainment, it appears to be conceded that 
 Archibald Caldwell, who came to Chicago in 
 1827, was conducting a tavern here in the 
 autumn of 1829, for which he received a license 
 from the County Commissioners of Peoria 
 County in December of the same year. The 
 house was a double log-cabin located at Wolf 
 Point on the West Side, and has gone down in 
 history as the "Wolf Point Tavern." It is 
 believed to have been owned in whole or in part 
 by James Kinzie. Caldwell appears to have 
 remained in charge only for a short time, as, 
 early in 1830, the establishment had passed into 
 the hands of Elijah Wentworth, who came here 
 in the latter part of the preceding year with 
 the intention of returning to Maine, but 
 remained to become Chicago's second hotel- 
 keeper. While Wentworth was in charge of the 
 "Wolf Point Tavern," Samuel Miller was con- 
 ducting an opposition house on the North Side, 
 east of the North Branch, and, a few months 
 later, Mark Beaubien had opened another on 
 the South Side, just east of the South Branch. 
 When first established Beaubien's tavern was 
 kept in a log-house bought from James Kinzie, 
 to which he built an addition; but a year later 
 he erected the second frame house in Chicago, 
 at the corner of Lake and Market Streets, to 
 which he gave the name of "The Sauganash," 
 and which became one of the most famous hos- 
 telries in the history of Chicago. After under- 
 going various changes, for a part of the time 
 being used as Chicago's first theatre — this his- 
 toric building was burned on the morning of 
 March 4, 1851. Other notable places of enter- 
 tainment connected with early Chicago history 
 were the "Mansion House," erected by Dexter 
 Graves on Lake Street near Dearborn in 1831; 
 the "Green Tree Tavern," built by James Kinzie 
 at the northeast corner of Canal and Lake 
 Streets in 1833, and the "Lake House," erected 
 by Chicago capitalists in 1835 at the corner of 
 Kinzie, Rush and Michigan Streets — the latter, 
 in its time, the most pretentious building of 
 its kind in Chicago. Among hotels of a later 
 
 date none have had a longer or more conspicu- 
 ous history than the "Tremont House" and the 
 "Sherman House." The former, erected first 
 as a frame building on the northwest corner of 
 Lake and Dearborn. Streets in 1833, was kept 
 as a saloon and boarding house for a short 
 time, when it passed into the hands of the late 
 Couch brothers, who opened it as a hotel. This 
 structure having been burned in October, 1839, 
 a new frame-building was erected at the south- 
 east corner of the same streets on the site of 
 the later Tremont, and opened as a hotel early 
 in 1840. On July 21, 1849, this building was 
 destroyed by fire, but having been replaced by 
 a brick structure, was reopened in October, 1850. 
 After various changes in management, it was 
 burned again in the fire of 1871, was again 
 rebuilt on an enlarged and substantial scale and 
 maintained as a hotel until 1901 when, having 
 become surrounded by heavy manufacturing 
 and wholesale business houses, it passed into 
 the hands of the Northwestern University to 
 be utilized by that institution for its depart- 
 ments of Law, Pharmacy and Dental Surgery, 
 thus ending its hotel history of nearly three- 
 quarters of a century. The Sherman House, 
 erected in 1836-37 by Francis C. Sherman, was 
 opened at the close of the latter year as the 
 City Hotel; was enlarged and remodeled in 1844 
 and opened as the Sherman House, which it 
 has since remained under various changes of 
 proprietorship. 
 
 THE NAME CHICAGO. 
 
 Many fanciful stories, as to the derivation of 
 the name of the River upon which the great 
 City of Chicago is situated, have been circulated 
 and put in print. These stories are mostly 
 given out by ignorant travelers, preachers and 
 school-teachers, all equally absurd. One reports 
 that the word signifies great strength; another, 
 miserable weakness. One says it signifies a 
 skunk, or skunk cabbage; another, that it 
 means a leek or wild onion. A celebrated 
 writer insists that it was named for a great 
 chief who was famed for his strength. 
 
 On my arrival in Chicago in the early spring ' 
 of the year 1835, I became acquainted with 
 many of the Indians and learned their Ian- 
 
648 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 guage — the Pottawatomie. I was told many 
 times, by different Indians, of the tradition of 
 the name. The legend was repeated to me 
 many times — and legends handed down from 
 father to son are more reliable than fanciful 
 written histories. Each one of my informants 
 told the same story. Some Northern Indians 
 bent upon exploring — which is a common trait 
 of the roaming red man — came down to the 
 mouth of what seemed to be a great river, per- 
 haps 50 or 100 miles long. They bivouacked 
 at the mouth of what seemed to be a river, and 
 sent an Indian, with his birch bark canoe, to 
 investigate. He paddled his light canoe up the 
 stream about half a mile, where it divided into 
 two branches. He went up the north branch, 
 something like a mile, when it began in a low 
 swamp. He quickly returned and paddled up 
 the south branch, about the same distance, and 
 found that it began in a lake of mud. He 
 returned and reported "Ca-go" — there is "Noth- 
 ing." Upon being remonstrated with, he used 
 an adjective signifying in the strongest terms, 
 positively — "tocchi," or "chugh," "ca-go!" 
 "ca-go!" "Chuh-ca-go ! " — positively, there is no 
 river. And that name has stuck to it through 
 all the years. The name is justified, for the 
 river is no river, being but a dirty slough; and 
 the city is no city, being but an overgrown vil- 
 lage — "Chic-cago." 
 
 ^^^lile upon the subject of the Indians, 1 
 recall the fact, that, by a treaty of the United 
 States, the Pottawatomies were to receive, 
 amongst many other things, as payment for 
 their land, $16,000 annually, forever — ^payable at 
 Chicago; 50 barrels of salt annually, forever, 
 delivered at Chicago; and a blacksmith-shop 
 for the tribe, at Chicago. Did the good Doctor 
 Wolcott, the Indian Agent who manipulated 
 this treaty, really believe this was to be car- 
 ried out, or did he know that it was a fraud 
 upon the poor Indian? In a very few years 
 they were driven away beyond the Mississippi 
 River by a new treaty, forced upon them by 
 unscrupulous agents of the Government. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 CONDITIONS UNDEK FRENCH OCCUPATION — NORTH- 
 ERN ILLINOIS ATTACHED TO CANADA AS PART OF 
 NEW FRANCE — EFFECT OF THE COL. GEORGE ROG- 
 ERS CLARK EXPEDITION TERRITORY NORTHWEST 
 
 OF THE OHIO RIVER ORGANIZED ORDINANCE OF 
 
 1787 TERRITORIAL AND COUNTY HISTORY 
 
 COOK COUNTY ORGANIZED FIRST ELECTION AND 
 
 FIRST COUNTY OFFICERS. 
 
 Up to this point the settlement about the 
 mouth of the Chicago River sems to have gone 
 on without any formal attempt to organize a 
 local civil government. What government 
 existed was administered either by the military 
 officers over the troops at Fort Dearborn or, 
 during the latter period, through the county 
 authorities at a distance from the locality gov- 
 erned. In the early days of French exploration 
 and occupation, this region was regarded as 
 coming within the undefined limits of what 
 was then known as "New France," but after 
 the establishment of a local government near 
 the mouth of the Mississippi, it was attached to 
 Canada — the region south of the Illinois 
 (including the settlements about Kaskaskia and 
 Cahokia) becoming a part of Louisiana. On 
 the extinguishment of the French title by the 
 Treaty of Paris in 17G3, it became nominally 
 British territory, though formal possession was 
 not taken of Southern Illinois until two years 
 later. As the result of the expedition of Col. 
 George Rogers Clark in 1778, the region known 
 as the "Illinois Country" fell under jurisdiction 
 of the State of Virginia, but the Revolutionary 
 War being then in progress, the lake region 
 continued to be disputed territory, or in virtual 
 possession of the British, until the treaty of 
 peace of 1783, when the title of the United 
 States to the region east of the Mississippi and 
 south of the lakes was recognized. It is safe 
 to say there was no more influential factor in 
 bringing about this result than the Clark expe- 
 dition to the "Illinois Country" and the build- 
 ing of forts and block-houses in this region, 
 wliich followed the occupation of Kaskaskia and 
 Vincennes, backed by the American Commis- 
 sioners at the Treaty of Paris in 1783. 
 
HISTOKICAL EirCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLII^OIS. 
 
 649 
 
 From that time all this region was regarded 
 as part of the unorganized "Territory North- 
 west of the River Ohio," and, in 1784, came 
 under the operation of a resolution adopted by 
 Congress under the Articles of Confederation, 
 providing a temporary government therefor. 
 Speaking of the condition of affairs in this 
 region as late as 1785, Gen. William Henry 
 Harrison, in an address delivered before the 
 Historical Society of Ohio, said there was "not 
 a Christian inhabitant within the bounds of 
 what is now the State of Ohio" — proving that, 
 in permanent settlement, Hlinois antedated its 
 sister State farther east. The enactment by 
 Congress of the celebrated "Ordinance of 1787" 
 established a more permanent form of govern- 
 ment and, for the next thirteen years (17871800) 
 Illinois, with the territory now embraced within 
 the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan and Wis- 
 consin, constituted one territorial government 
 under the name of the "Northwest Territory." 
 In 1800 Ohio was set apart, the remainder of the 
 territory being organized as Indiana Territory, 
 and, by act of Congress t'f February 3, 1809, 
 Illinois Territory was set off from Indiana, the 
 former embracing the country west of the 
 present eastern boundary of the State and Lake 
 Michigan, extending westward to the Missis- 
 sippi and north to the Canada boundary line. 
 From south to north it extended from the mouth 
 of the Ohio to the Lake of the Woods. On 
 April 13, 1818, Congress passed an act empow- 
 ering the people to frame a State Constitution 
 and organize a State Government, and, on 
 December 3d, following, Illinois was formally 
 admitted as a State with its present boundaries. 
 (See Illinois. — Hist. Encyc. of III., Yol. I.) 
 
 The first county organization within the 
 Northwest Territory was created by act of the 
 Virginia Legislature in October, 1778, a few 
 months after the occupation of Kaskaskia by 
 Col. George Rogers Clark — this act being per- 
 formed by virtue of the fact that Clark's expe- 
 dition was undertaken wholly under authority 
 of the State of Virginia, which assumed control 
 of the territory thus added to the newly cre- 
 ated American Union. The territory organized 
 received the name of "Illinois County," but. 
 without naming any specific boundaries, simply 
 assumed to include "the citizens of the com- 
 monwealth of Virginia who are already settled, 
 or shall hereafter settle, on the western side 
 of the Ohio," and provided for the government 
 of the same by a "County-Lieutenant or Com- 
 
 mandant-in-Chief," to be appointed by the Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia. Col. John Todd, of Ken- 
 tucky, was appointed Commandant, and pro- 
 ceeded to appoint subordinates and provide 
 for the election of civil officers at Kaskaskia 
 and Cahokia, and still later at Vincennes; but 
 Chicago being without what might even be 
 called a "settlement," was not recognized as 
 coming within the operation of the act. The 
 next county to be organized within Illinois 
 territory was St. Clair by the act of Arthur 
 St. Clair, Governor of the Northwest Territory, 
 in 1790. Its territory lay between the Missis- 
 sippi and the Illinois Rivers on the west and 
 northwest, the Ohio on the south, and a line on 
 the east drawn from about Fort Massac on the 
 Ohio, northward to the junction of the Little 
 Mackinaw River with the Illinois, in what is 
 now the county of Tazewell. Other counties 
 organized within the Northwest Territory 
 previous to 1800 (the date of the separation of 
 Indiana Territory from Ohio) were: Washing- 
 ton (the first — 1788); Hamilton (1790); Knox 
 (1790); Randolph (1795); Wayne (1796); 
 Adams and Jefferson (1797), and Ross (1798). 
 Of these, five — Washington, Hamilton, Adams, 
 Jefferson and Ross — were wholly, and Wayne 
 partly, within the present State of Ohio; Knox 
 in Indiana, and St. Clair and Randolph within 
 Illinois. Wayne County, as organized in 1796 
 — the year the British finally evacuated the 
 upper lake region under the Jay Treaty of 1794 
 — embraced Northwestern Ohio, a considerable 
 portion of Northeastern Indiana^ the whole of 
 the present State of Michigan, and, on the west, 
 extended to the heads of the streams flowing 
 eastward into Lake Michigan — thus including 
 the section about the mouth of the Chicago 
 River to the portage to the Des Plaines and a 
 considerable portion of Eastern Wisconsin. In 
 January, 1803, the boundaries of Wayne 
 County were changed, leaving out the Chicago 
 district, which remained outside of any county 
 organization (though a part of the Territory 
 of Indiana), until 1809. The Territory of Illi- 
 nois having been organized this year, one of 
 Governor Edwards' earliest acts was the issue 
 of a proclamation re-organizing St. Clair County 
 in such manner as to include the whole of the 
 northern part of the territory to the Canada 
 boundary line, embracing all Northern Illinois, 
 as well as the present State of Wisconsin and 
 the western peninsula of Michigan. In 1812 
 there came another change, in the creation, by 
 
650 
 
 HISTORICAL EI^rCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 proclamation of Governor Edwards (September 
 14, 1812) of the county of Madison out of the 
 northern part of St. Clair County, and extend- 
 ing, as the latter had done, to the Canada line. 
 Other county connections formed in accordance 
 with the precedent established as to St. Clair 
 and Madison Counties, brought Chicago success- 
 ively under the jurisdiction of Edwards County 
 (1814-16) and Crawford (1816-18) during the 
 Territorial period, and (after the admission of 
 Illinois as a State) of Clark (1819-21), Pike 
 (1821-23), Fulton (1823-25), and Peoria (1825- 
 31). This jurisdiction consisted chiefly in the 
 exercise of authority by Justices of the Peace 
 appointed by the Governor, but these oflScials 
 seem to have been few in number and widely 
 scattered, since, as late as 1823, Dr. Alexander 
 Wolcott, then Indian Agent at Chicago, found 
 it necessary to call upon a Justice of the Peace 
 from Fulton County to perform the ceremony 
 uniting him in marriage to Ellen Marion Kin- 
 zie, the oldest daughter of John Kinzie. To a 
 great extent the scattered pioneer settlements, 
 though nominally under the jurisdiction of 
 county authorities located at distant points, 
 remained isolated and almost unnoticed. As 
 stated by C. W. Butterfield in his History of 
 Wisconsin, their jurisdiction was "rather ideal 
 than real." At the regular election held at 
 Chicago in August, 1830 — Chicago then consti- 
 tuting a part of Peoria County — only 32 votes 
 were cast. The precinct then extended west- 
 ward to the Dupage River. 
 
 On January 15, 1831, the State Legislature 
 passed an act organizing the county of Cook, 
 which was named in honor of Daniel P. Cook, 
 who had been the Representative in Congress 
 from 1819 to 1827, and through whose efforts 
 the first grant of public lands to aid in the 
 construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal 
 was obtained from Congress. In addition to 
 its present area, the new county, as originally 
 organized, embraced the present counties of 
 Lake, McHenry, Dupage and Will, covering 
 an area of a little over 3,000 square miles. 
 Within the next eight years this area was 
 reduced to its present limits by the setting-off 
 of McHenry and Will Counties In 1836 (the 
 former embracing also the present territory of 
 Lake County, organized in 1839), and Dupage 
 County in 1839. According to the report of 
 Henry Gannett. Geographer of the Census 
 Hureau for 1900, the area of Cook County at 
 
 the present time is 993 square miles, although 
 it has heretofore been set down at 50 to 100 
 square miles less. 
 
 The same act which created Cook County in 
 1831 also provided for the election of a Board 
 of County Commissioners at an election to be 
 held on the first Monday in March of that year. 
 Samuel Miller and Gholson Kercheval of Chi- 
 cago, and James Walker, the latter living on 
 the Du Page River, were elected the first Com- 
 missioners, and, having been sworn in the 
 next day by John S. C. Hogan, a Justice of the 
 Peace for Peoria County, proceeded to organize 
 the new county government. William See was 
 chosen County Clerk and Archibald Clybourn 
 Treasurer, while Jedediah Wooley was recom- 
 mended for appointment as County Surveyor. 
 At a meeting of the Board of County Commis- 
 sioners held in April following, James Kinzie 
 was chosen Sheriff, and John K. Clark, Coro- 
 ner. Kinzie served until 1832, when he was 
 succeeded by the election of Stephen V. R. 
 Forbes, who came to Chicago in 1829 and had 
 been employed as one of the first teachers in 
 Chicago. At this second meeting the Com- 
 missioners also made provision for levying a 
 tax of one-half of one per cent upon property, 
 and the issue of licenses for the privilege of 
 conducting certain classes of business, as a 
 means of raising funds for county expenses. 
 Those receiving licenses as tavern keepers in- 
 cluded Elijah Wentworth, Samuel Miller and 
 Russell E. Heacock — the two former located at 
 the forks of the river (see Early Hotels) and 
 the latter at "Heacock's Point," known also as 
 "Hardscrabble." A dozen names appear in 
 the list of those to whom licenses were granted 
 this year, to conduct mercantile business, among 
 them, Alexander Robinson, three Beaubiens, 
 Bernardus Laughton, R. A. Kin/ie, Samuel Mil- 
 ler, Oliver Newberry, Joseph Laframboise, John 
 S. C. Hogan, Philip F. W. Peck, Joseph Naper, 
 and others. Newberry and Peck had come to 
 Chicago during the previous year and, at a 
 later period, became prominent business men, 
 while Naper was the founder of Naperville. At 
 the first election the whole county had consti- 
 tuted a single precinct, but at one of its earliest 
 meetings the Board divided it into three pre- 
 cincts named Chicago, Hickory Creek and Du- 
 page. At the meeting held in September, the 
 lower room of the "brick house" (the magazine) 
 in Fort Dearborn was selected as the place for 
 holding the sessions of the Circuit Court. 
 
HISTOEICAL ElfCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 651 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 A CREATIVE PERIOD. 
 
 ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL FEASIBILITY OF 
 
 THE ENTERPRISE RECOGNIZED BY EARLY EXPLOR- 
 ERS — EFFECT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHICAGO 
 
 SURVEY OF GOVERNMENT LANDS ABOUT THE 
 
 MOUTH OF CHICAGO RIVER IN 1821 CHICAGO 
 
 VILLAGE PLATTED IN 1830 — FIKST SALE OF VIL- 
 LAGE LOTS CHICAGO BECOMES A COUNTY SEAT 
 
 IN 1831 PAYMENT OF INDIAN ANNUITIES — 
 
 PROMINENT MEN WHO BECAME CITIZENS IN 
 THAT YEAR. 
 
 Undoubtedly Chicago owes its first existence 
 as a village, as well as its unprecedented 
 growth after it had taken on the form of a city 
 government, to the project which began to be 
 discussed at an early day for the construction 
 of a canal connecting Lake Michigan with the 
 Illinois River. In fact, the feasibility of this 
 enterprise had attracted the attention of the 
 early French explorers— notably Louis Joliet — 
 and was the subject of frequent comment at a 
 later period. The principal steps which led 
 up to the actual undertaking of the work 
 embraced a favorable discussion of the subject 
 in a report by Secretary of the Treasury Albert 
 Gallatin, in 1808; the cession by the Indians 
 in 1816, of a strip of land ten miles wide from 
 Lake Michigan to the Illinois at the mouth of 
 Fox River, as a route for the canal; an endorse- 
 ment of the measure as "valuable for military 
 purposes," in 1819, by John C. Calhoun, then 
 Secretary of War; the granting to the State by 
 Congress of the right of way for the canal 
 through the public domain in 1832, and the 
 donation, five years later, of public lands for 
 its construction. The Congressional act of 1822 
 had led to the passage by the State Legislature, 
 in 1820, of an act authorizing the appointment 
 of a commission to devise means for carrying 
 the enterprise into effect. Although this was 
 followed by surveys for the purpose of determin- 
 ing the most available route and the passage 
 of an act by the Legislature, in 1825, incorpo- 
 rating the "Illinois and Michigan Canal Associa- 
 tion" with a capital of $1,000,000, nothing was 
 done toward actual construction until after the 
 
 passage by Congress, in 1827, of an act appro- 
 priating alternate sections on each side of the 
 canal for a distance of five miles, to be applied 
 to the cost of construction. To follow out the 
 history of the enterprise concisely, it is suf- 
 ficient to say here that, after nine years of 
 effort to secure funds by the sale of lands and 
 State bonds, the work was begun at Bridgeport 
 (now within the limits of the city of Chicago) 
 on the 4th of July, 1836, Dr. W. B. Eagan of 
 Chicago delivering an eloquent address in cele- 
 bration of the event. Although the work often 
 lagged for want of funds, it was so far com- 
 pleted by April, 1848, as to admit of the passage 
 of boats betwen Chicago and La Salle. The 
 outlay up to this time had been nearly six and 
 a quarter million dollars against less than 
 three-quarter million, as first estimated, after- 
 wards increased to $4,000,000. Enlargements 
 and betterments of the canal up to 1879 had 
 increased the expenditures to a little over nine 
 and a half million dollars, which had almost 
 been met by receipts from tolls and otherwise. 
 (See Illinois and Michigan Canal, also Chicago 
 Drainage Canal. — Hist. Encyc. of III., Yol. I.) 
 
 While the selection of the Chicago River as 
 the northern terminus of the canal no doubt 
 determined the location of the future city, it 
 is a fact of curious interest that there were 
 prominent men at that time who regarded the 
 mouth of the Calumet as the most available 
 medium for making the connection with the 
 lake. Maj. Stephen H. Long, of the Govern- 
 ment Engineer Corps, who had inspected the 
 route of the proposed canal and made a report 
 on the measure to the War Department in 1817, 
 referring to the subject in his "Narrative of an 
 Expedition to the Source of the St. Peter's 
 River in 1823," says: "It is the opinion of those 
 best acquainted with the nature of the country, 
 that the easiest communication would be be- 
 tween the Little Calamick (Calumet), and 
 some point of the Des Plaines, probably below 
 the portage road." Ex-Gov. Edward Coles, in 
 a communication published in the "Illinois 
 Monthly Magazine" of October, 1830, corrobo- 
 rated this view, favoring the route between the 
 "Calumet of the lake and the Saganaskee" 
 ("The Sag"), on the ground that "between these 
 streams the summit is believed to be the low- 
 est." 
 
 Although the Government survey of lands 
 about the mouth of the Chicago River took 
 place in 1821, it was not until nine years later 
 
652 
 
 HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 that the work of platting the land now 
 embraced within the heart of the city was begun. 
 This followed upon the passage by the State 
 Legislature, of an act accepting the appropria- 
 tion of lands by the General Government for 
 the construction of the canal and empowering 
 the Commissioners, appointed by the same act, 
 to fix the route of the canal and select the lands 
 for that purpose. The same act authorized 
 the Commissioners to sell the lands so selected, 
 as well as to lay out towns and dispose of lots 
 within the same. Up to this time no steps had 
 been taken for the organization of a village 
 government for Chicago. The first town to be 
 laid out by the Commissioners under the act 
 of 1829 was Ottawa, after which came the plat- 
 ting of Chicago, this work being done by 
 James Thornton of St. Louis, who filed his plat 
 under date of August 4, 1830. The village of 
 Chicago, as thus platted, covered an area of 
 about three-eighths of a square mile, embrac- 
 ing the southern portion of Section Nine of 
 Township 39 North, and Range 14 East of the 
 Third Principal Meridian, and extending from 
 Kinzie Street on the north to Madison on the 
 south, and from State Street on the east to Des 
 Plaines on the west. Wolf Point was near 
 the center of this area, while Fort Dearborn lay 
 on the east. The first sale of lots took place 
 September 27, 1830 — 130 lots being disposed of 
 to thirty-six purchasers, at prices ranging from 
 $8 to $100 each, realizing a little over $4,500.* 
 The population at that time, outside of two 
 companies of United States troops in Fort Dear- 
 born, it has been estimated, did not exceed one 
 hundred. This embraced a number of Indian 
 tradere, several of them being Frenchmen (or 
 their half-breed descendants) with half-breed 
 families. There were three taverns all located 
 in the immediate vicinity of the forks of the 
 river, one on the West Side, one on the North 
 and the other on the South. The poll-book for 
 the precinct of Chicago — then attached to 
 Peoria County — for the election held August 2, 
 1830, contained thirty-two names. The precinct 
 embraced all that portion of country between 
 the junction of the Dupagp and Des Plaines 
 
 •JameH M. Bucklln, who wn.s Chief KiiKlnoor of 
 the Illlnoig and .MIchlKan Canal In 18.30. In ji com- 
 munication to "Ponicroy'H Doniocral," printed In 1K76, 
 pays that the town of Chicago was platted by Captain 
 Popp, "Hurvoyiir of the Hoard of (^anal Coniinls- 
 aloners" and th.->t, "prevlonH to the Hale of lots," 
 oi'tlnK "l>y order of the Hoard." he "enlarged the 
 boundaries of the town, extending them to (he month 
 of the c:hlcaKO Hlver"— also, that the sale occurred 
 on September 1. 1830— a Btatement which doen not 
 appear to have got Into local hlHtory. 
 
 Rivers on the west, and Lake Michigan on the 
 east, covering an area larger than Cook County 
 at the present day. It is probable, therefore, 
 that the list of voters included quite a number 
 outside of the village of Chicago. Among those 
 who were residents of the village about 1829- 
 30 — not including ihose previously named — 
 were I.«on Bourassea (fur-trader); Jonathan A. 
 Bailey, who become Chicago's first postmaster; 
 John L. Davis, John S. C. Hogan, Stephen Mack 
 (clerk of the American Fur Company), and a 
 number of others whose history is unknown, 
 but who were probably employes about the fur- 
 trading stations, the Factor House or the fort. 
 Stephen R. V. Forties came the former year 
 and, during 1830, became one of Chicago's early 
 teachers, and two year? later the first regularly 
 elected Sheriff of Cook County. 
 
 The act of the Legislature which authorized 
 the creation of the new county and the organ- 
 ization of a county government, also named 
 Chicago (as it had been laid out during the 
 previous year by the "Land Commissioners" 
 appointed to dispose of the canal lands), as 
 the permanent county-seat, and empowered the 
 County Commissionere to sell certain lands at 
 their discretion, and apply the proceeds to the 
 erection of a court-house and jail. Thus Chi- 
 cago received its recognition as a town, though 
 the formal organization of a village government 
 did not come until two years later. The lands 
 placed at the disposal of the County Board by 
 the Canal Commissioners embraced a tract of 
 ten acres on the south side of the river, includ- 
 ing the present court-house square. The County 
 Board decided to sell a part of this tract and 
 retain the remainder as a site for the county- 
 buildings, which has been maintained to this 
 day. The sale took place in July, 1831, James 
 Kinzie acting as auctioneer — the sum realized 
 from the sale amounting to $1,153.75. 
 
 An event of local importance this year was 
 the payment of the annuities to the Indiana 
 in September, which was the means of bring-, 
 ing nearly 4,000 savages to this locality. The 
 payment was conducted by Col. T. J. V. Owen, 
 Indian Agent, assisted by John H. Kinzie and 
 Gholson Kercheval. As Fort Dearborn had been 
 evacuated by the United States troops during 
 the preceding year, and the friction which cul- 
 minated in the Black Hawk War in the fol- 
 lowing year had already become manifest on 
 the Mississippi, there was considerable nervoua- 
 ness among the few white residents in view of 
 
HISTORICAL EKCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 653 
 
 the hostile attitude manifested by some of the 
 Pottawatomie chiefs. An outbreak was averted 
 by the firmness aud good sense of Colonel Owen 
 and the fidelity of some of the half-breeds who 
 had been residents of Chicago for many years, 
 especially including in this number Capt. Billy 
 Caldwell, the famous "Sauganash." 
 
 Although attention had been directed to the 
 new town by its erection into the seat of jus- 
 tice for Cook County in 1831, its growth during 
 the next two years was slow. Among the more 
 important accessions to the population about 
 this time were Col. R. J. Hamilton, George W. 
 Dole, Mark and John Noble, Dr. Elijah D. Har- 
 mon, and a few others who, in after years, 
 became prominent in Chicago history. Colonel 
 Hamilton, who had been identified with the 
 infantile banking interests for ten years in the 
 southern portion of the State, came here early 
 in 1831, to assume the duties of Probate Judge 
 in the new county by appointment of Governor 
 Reynolds. In after years he held simultane- 
 ously — besides the position of Probate Judge — 
 the oflices of Circuit and County Clerk, 
 Recorder and Commissioner of School Lands, 
 and was also, for a time, a Colonel of the State 
 Militia. Mr. Dole became one of Chicago's most 
 prominent and successful merchants and, as the 
 associate of Archibald Clybourn, the Noble 
 Brothers and Gurdon S. Hubbard, was one of the 
 first to set in motion enterprises which have 
 since grown into such vast proportions as to 
 make Chicago the greatest stock market in the 
 world. ( See Chicago Live Stock and Meat-Pack- 
 ing Industry.) 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 SOME INDIAN HISTORY. 
 
 THE BLACK HAWK yfAS, EPISODE RECEIPT OF THE 
 
 NEWS IN CHICAGO AND PREPARATIONS FOR 
 
 DEFENSE SERVICE RENDERED BY CHIEF SHA- 
 
 BONA, BILLY CALDWELL AND ALEXANDER ROB- 
 INSON REFUGEES SEEK SAFETY IN FORT DEAR- 
 BORN ORGANIZATION OF VOLUNTEERS — GEN. 
 
 SCOTT'S TROOPS ATTACKED BY CHOLERA THE 
 
 INDIAN TREATY OF 1833 DESCRIPTION OF THE 
 
 EVENT BY AN ENGLISH TRAVELER. 
 
 The events leading up to the Black Hawk 
 
 War of 1832 produced a condition approaching 
 universal panic throughout Northern Illinois, 
 which did not fail to communicate itself to the 
 few residents about Chicago. The alarm was 
 all the greater in view of the fact that Fort 
 Dearborn was then unoccupied as a military 
 post, the troops having been transferred during 
 the previous year to Fort Howard (Green Bay). 
 The first rumor of the threatened outbreak is 
 said to have been brought to Chicago by Hon. 
 Richard M. Young, then a Justice of the Circuit 
 Court for the northern part of the State, who, 
 on making the journey from Galena in com- 
 pany with Benjamin Mills and J. M. Strode, had 
 learned at Dixon of the appearance of Black 
 Hawk's hostile band on Rock River. The hos- 
 tile savages did not approach nearer to Chicago 
 than the vicinity of Naperville in Dupage 
 County, but the alarming reports of outrages, 
 reaching Chicago almost daily, produced the 
 wildest consternation among its few citizens 
 and the refugees gathered there. As he had 
 done during the "Winnebago Scare" of 1827, 
 the friendly Pottawatomie Chief Shabona ren- 
 dered the whites valuable service by warning 
 the settlers along the Fox River, and exerting 
 his influence among the Pottawatomies to pre- 
 serve the peace, as Billy Caldwell and Alexan- 
 der Robinson did about Chicago. The pioneer 
 families settled along the Des Plaines and Fox 
 Rivers, sought refuge at Fort Dearborn until it 
 was estimated that, by the latter part of May, 
 five hundred fugitives had collected at the fort 
 and its vicinity. Aid consisting of small com- 
 panies of volunteers came from the vicinity of 
 Niles, Mich., and Danville, 111., while two or 
 three small companies were organized from set- 
 tlers about Chicago and refugees from the sur- 
 rounding country. One of the earliest of these, 
 organized under command of Capt. Gholson 
 Kercheval, with George W. Dole and John S. C. 
 Hogan, as First and Second Lieutenants, 
 embraced among its rank and file such familiar 
 names as Richard J. Hamilton, Isaac D. Har- 
 mon, Samuel Miller, James Kinzie, Samuel 
 Ellis, David McKee and other well-known early 
 settlers. Another company organized still later 
 with Joseph Naper, one of the founders of 
 Naperville, as its head, included P. F. W. Peck, 
 Alanson Sweet, Lyman Butterfield, Isaac P. 
 Blodgett (father of Judge Henry W. Blodgett), 
 Richard M. Sweet, Calvin M. and Augustine 
 Stowell and some twenty-five others. Another 
 organization made up of refugees and local 
 
654 
 
 HISTORICAL EN^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 settlers -was under command of Capt. J. B. 
 Beaubien, while a company of some fifty Potta- 
 watomies, under command of Robert Kinzie, 
 rendered good service as scouts in the region 
 now embraced in Cook and adjoining counties. 
 Among the settlers from distant localities who 
 took refuge in Fort Dearborn were those from 
 Naperville and Plainfield. At the latter place 
 a considerable number of fugitives had taken 
 refuge in a hastily constructed block-house, 
 from which they were removed under escort to 
 Chicago for safety. On June 17, Fort Dearborn 
 was occupied by two companies of United States 
 infantry under command of Maj. William 
 Whistler, the son of the builder of the first 
 Fort Dearborn. While this compelled the set- 
 tlers who had taken refuge in the fort to find 
 quarters elsewhere, it assisted to restore con- 
 fidence in their general security. Besides 
 anxiety for the safety of friends, refugees were 
 compelled to endure many privations in the 
 abandonment of their property and for lack of 
 shelter and supplies. One of the tragic events 
 of this period in the region adjacent to Chi- 
 cago, was the massacre of the Hall, Davis and 
 Pettegrew families on Indian Creek in La Salle 
 County, in which sixteen lives were sacrificed. 
 On July 10, the steamer "Sheldon Thompson" 
 reached Chicago, bringing four companies of 
 United States troops under command of Gen. 
 Winfield Scott, intended to reinforce the troops 
 then in pursuit of Black Hawk. These, however, 
 brought with them a peril no less dreaded 
 than the Indians. Before their arrival the Asi- 
 atic cholera had obtained a foothold among the 
 troops, and Fort Dearborn was immediately 
 transformed into a hospital. Another detach- 
 ment which arrived a week later by the "Wil- 
 liam Penn," was in a similar condition, and in 
 the course of ten days the number of soldiers 
 who succumbed to the fell disease has been 
 estimated at one hundred. On the 20th of July 
 Gen. Scott removed his command to the Des 
 Plalnes, encamping about where Riverside now 
 Is — a step which was attended with beneficial 
 results aa to their health. Soon after Intelli- 
 gence was received of the final defeat of Black 
 Hawk at the Bad Axe in Wisconsin, and Gen- 
 eral Scott's forces made their way across the 
 State to P'ort Armstrong (Rock Island) with- 
 out havijiK an opportunity to participate in the 
 war. (See lilack Hawk War, Hist. Ency. of 
 III., pp. 608-615.) 
 
 TUE INDIAN TREATY OF 1833. 
 
 An event of importance connected with this 
 period was the Council at Chicago with the 
 Pottawatomie, Chippewa and Ottawa Indians, 
 which resulted in the Treaty of September, 
 1833. Following upon the Black Hawk War 
 of the previous year, it gave a new and pow- 
 erful impetus to the development of the embryo 
 city. It was estimated that 7,000 Indians were 
 present at the council, and for days the streets 
 of the frontier village were thronged with sav- 
 ages, and the shrubs lighted with their camp 
 fires. Charles J. Latrobe, an English traveler 
 who happened to be in Chicago at the time, 
 has left a graphic account of the event, of 
 which the following is a brief extract: 
 
 "We found the village on our arrival 
 crowded to excess, and we procured with great 
 difficulty a small apartment, comfortless and 
 noisy from its close proximity to others, but 
 quite as good as we could have hoped for. 
 . . . The village and its occupants pre- 
 sented a most motley scene. The fort con- 
 tained within its palisades by far the most 
 enlightened residents in the little knot of 
 officers attached to the slender garrison. The 
 quarters were too confined to afford place for 
 the Government Commissioners, for whom 
 and a crowd of dependents a temporary set 
 of plank huts were erected on the north side 
 
 of the river 
 
 "With immigrants and land speculators as 
 numerous as the sand, you will find horse- 
 dealers and horse-stealers — rogues of every 
 description — white, black, brown and red; 
 half-breeds, quarter-breeds and men of no 
 breed at all; dealers in pigs, poultry and pota- 
 toes; . . . sharpers of every degree; ped- 
 dlers, grog-sellers; Indian Agents and Indian 
 
 traders of every description The 
 
 little village was in an uproar from morning 
 to night, and from night to morning; for 
 during the hours of darkness, when the 
 housed portion of the population of Chicago 
 strove to obtain repose in the crowded plank 
 edifices of the village, the Indians howled, 
 sang, wept and whooped in their various 
 
 encampments All was bustle and 
 
 tumult, especially at the houses set apart for 
 
 the distril)ution of the rations 
 
 Frame and clapboard houses were springing 
 up daily under the active axes and hammers 
 of the speculators, and piles of lumber 
 
HISTOEICAL EKCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 655 
 
 announced the preparation for yet other edi- 
 fices of an equally light character. . . . 
 Within the vile two-storied barrack which, 
 dignified, as usual, by the title of hotel, 
 afforded us quarters, all was in a state of 
 most appalling confusion, filth and racket. 
 . . . Far and wide the grassy prairie 
 teemed with figures; warriors mounted or on 
 foot, squaws and horses." 
 The Commissioners engaged in negotiating 
 the treaty on the part of the United States 
 were George B. Porter, Thomas J. V. Owen 
 and William Weatherford, and the treaty was 
 concluded September 26, 1838. The lands ceded 
 by the Indians embraced a little over 5,000,000 
 acres in Northern Illinois and Eastern Wiscon- 
 sin, in consideration for a like area west of the 
 Mississippi, besides money and goods amount- 
 ing to over $1,000,000. A large proportion of 
 the latter went into the hands of alleged cred- 
 itors of the Indians. The affair ended in a spec- 
 tacular war dance participated in by eight hun- 
 dred braves. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 CHICAGO IN DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 AN ERA OF PROGRESS AFTER THE BLACK HAWK WAR 
 
 EARLY BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN — 
 
 GROWTH IN 1833 — "a VILLAGE OF PIKE COUNTY" 
 
 IN 1823 CHICAGO INCORPORATED AS A TOWN 
 
 IN 1833 — ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FIRST NEWS- 
 PAPER — CHICAGO IN 1833-1837 — the "land 
 
 craze" — SOME CONTEMPORANEOUS DESCRIP- 
 TIONS OF THE PLACE — INCORPORATED AS A CITY 
 
 — ^FINANCIAL REVULSION OF 1837 GROWTH IN 
 
 AREA AND POPULATION FROM 1837 TO 1900. 
 
 While the Black Hawk War proved a tem- 
 porary check to the growth of Chicago thus 
 early in its history, it became the means, indi- 
 rectly, of attracting wide attention to the com- 
 mercial advantages of the place through the 
 presence here of persons from distant portions 
 of the country in the character of soldiers or 
 otherwise. As a consequence a strong tide of 
 immigration set in immediately thereafter, 
 which continued with increasing volume for 
 the next four years. Among those who arrived 
 during this period and afterwards became prom- 
 
 inent as business or professional men, were 
 Philo Carpenter, John S. Wright, D. Philip 
 Maxwell, Dr. E. S. Kimberly, John D. Caton, 
 John K. Botsford, Silas B. Cobb, Charles 
 Cleaver, Walter Kimball, H. W. Knickerbocker. 
 Asahel Pierce, Dr. John T. Temple and Rev. 
 Jeremiah Porter. Up to this time Chicago was 
 almost wholly a village of log cabisis, but 
 during the year 1833 it is estimated that one 
 hundred and sixty-five frame buildings were 
 erected. This was also the year of the erec- 
 tion of the first brick building in Chicago out- 
 side of Fort Dearborn, the builders being Alan- 
 son Sweet and William Worthington. The 
 improvement of the Chicago harbor the same 
 year, based upon an appropriation of $25,000 
 by Congress, with the result that the channel 
 of the Chicago River was straightened into 
 Lake Michigan, and, on 'July 11, 1834, the 
 schooner "Illinois," the first large vessel to 
 enter the river, crossed the bar and sailed into 
 the harbor amid great public rejoicing. 
 
 CHICAGO INCORPORATED. 
 
 Another event of 1833 was the formal incor- 
 poration of the town of Chicago, which, in 
 "Beck's Gazetteer" (1823), had been described 
 as "a. village of Pike County" with "twelve or 
 fifteen houses and about 60 or 70 inhabitants," 
 and which in 1831, had become the county-seat 
 of Cook County. The decision to incorporate 
 was reached at a public meeting held August 
 5th, at which only one dissenting vote was cast. 
 At an election for the choice of a Board of Trus- 
 tees, held at the house of Mark Beaubien, 28 
 votes were cast, resulting in the election of 
 Thomas J. V. Owen, George W. Dole, Medore 
 Beaubien, John Miller and E. S. Kimberly. 
 Owen was chosen President of the Board, Isaac 
 Harmon Clerk, and George W. Dole Treasurer. 
 On November 6th the limits of the town were 
 extended to Jackson Street on the south, Jef- 
 ferson Street on the west, Ohio Street on the 
 north and State Street on the east. 
 
 Other notable events of this year were the 
 establishment of the first newspaper — "The 
 Chicago Democrat" — by John Calhoun, which 
 commenced publication November 26th; * 
 the first log-jail was built, and the first public 
 school was opened under the instruction of 
 Miss Eliza Chappell. During the same year 
 occurred the sale of school lands (the 16th sec- 
 tion) in the township embraced within the city 
 of Chicago. These lands were located in the 
 
656 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 very heart of the present city, the whole sec- 
 tion, with the exception of four blocks, being 
 sold, realizing less than $39,000. 
 
 From 1833 to 1S37 something like a "land 
 craze" prevailed at Chicago, as at many other 
 places throughout the West, and the increase 
 in values, as well as in population, was phe- 
 nomenal. The bona fide population of the vil- 
 lage at the close of the year first named has 
 been estimated at 200; in 1834 it was claimed 
 to be 1,600; in 1836 a school census showed 
 3,279, and, in 1837, the first census under the 
 new city government showed a total of 4,179. 
 
 Some contemporary opinions of the future 
 emporium of the West will be of interest, as 
 indicating its growth about this period. 
 Charles Fenno Hoffman, a popular writer and, 
 for a time, editor of the "Knickerbocker Maga- 
 zine," in a series of letters under the title, "A 
 Winter in the West," early in 1834, wrote as 
 follows: 
 
 "The writer is informed by a gentleman 
 recently from Illinois that Chicago, which, 
 but eighteen months since, contained but two 
 or three frame buildings and a few miserable 
 huts, has now 500 houses, 400 of which have 
 been erected this year, and 2,200 inhabitants. 
 A year ago there was not a place of worship 
 in the town; there are now five churches and 
 two schoolhouses, and numerous brick stores 
 and warehouses." 
 
 In another letter written from Chicago 
 a few weeks later, Mr. Hoffman spoke 
 of the town as destined, from the improve- 
 ments already under way for the ensu- 
 ing season, to assume a "metropolitan 
 appearance." "As a place of business," he 
 predicted that, "its situation at the central 
 head of the Mississippi Valley, will make it the 
 New Orleans of the North." One of Mr. Hoff- 
 man's letters was devoted entirely to a descrip- 
 tion of a wolf-hunt on the Des Plaines River, 
 in which he took part with a number of ladies 
 and gentlemen from Chicago. 
 
 Rev. .John M. Peck, in his "New Guide for 
 Emigrants for the West," published in 1836. 
 spoke of Chicago as "the largest commercial 
 town of IllinolR . . . said to contain .'il 
 BtorcH, 30 groi-erles, 10 taverns, 12 physicians, 
 21 attorneys and 4,000 Inhabitants." 
 
 Hon. H. L. EllHWorlh, at the time Superin- 
 tendent of the Patent Office at Washington, In a 
 
 volume entitled "Illinois in 1837," wrote of 
 Chicago as follows: 
 
 "Its growth, even for western cities, has 
 been unexampled. In Dr. Beck's Gazetteer, 
 published in 1823, Chicago is described as a 
 village of ten or twelve houses, and 60 or 70 
 inhabitants. In 1832 it contained five small 
 stores and 250 inhabitants; and now (1837) 
 the population amounts to 8,000 (an exag- 
 gerated estimate, however — Ed.) with 120 
 stores, besides a number of groceries. . . . 
 It has also twelve public houses, three news- 
 papers, nearly 50 lawyers and upwards of 30 
 physicians." 
 
 One of the most noteworthy, as well as enthu- 
 siastic descriptions of the Chicago of 1837, was 
 contributed by a correspondent of the "Penn- 
 sylvania Inquirer and Daily Courier" of Phila- 
 delphia, over the signature, "A Rambler in the 
 West." In one of his letters "A Rambler" 
 writes : 
 
 "Chicago is, without doubt, the greatest 
 wonder in this wonderful country. Four 
 years ago the savage Indian there built his 
 wigwam — the noble stag there was undis- 
 mayed by his own image reflected in the pol- 
 ished mirror of the glassy lake — the adven- 
 turous settler there cultivated a small por- 
 tion of those fertile prairies, and was living 
 far, far away from the comforts of civiliza- 
 tion. Four years have rolled by and have 
 changed that scene. That Indian is now 
 driven far west of the Mississippi; he has left 
 his native hills, his hunting grounds, the 
 grave of his father, and now is building his 
 home in the Far West, again to be driven 
 away by the tide of emigration. That gallant 
 stag no longer bounds secure over these 
 mighty plains, but startles at the rustling of 
 every leaf or sighing of every wind, fearing 
 the rifles of the numerous Nimrods who now 
 pursue the daring chase. That adventurous 
 settler is now surrounded by luxury and 
 refinement; a city with a population of over 
 6,000 souls has now arisen; its spires glitter 
 in the morning sun; its wharves are crowded 
 by the vessels of trade; its streets are alive 
 with the busy hum of commerce. 
 
 "The wand of the magician never effected 
 changes like these; nay, Aladdin's lamp, in 
 all its glory, never performed greater won- 
 ders. I3ut the growth of the town, extraor- 
 
HISTORICAL EN'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 657 
 
 dinary as it is, bears no comparison with that 
 of its commerce. In 1833 there were bm 
 four arrivals — or about 60,000 tons. Point 
 me, if you can, to any place in this land, 
 whose trade has increased in like proportion. 
 What has produced this great prosperity? I 
 answer, its great natural advantages and the 
 untiring enterprise of its citizens. Its situa- 
 tion is unsurpassed by any in our land. Lake 
 Michigan opens up to it the trade of the 
 North and the East, and the Illinois and 
 Michigan Canal, when completed, will open 
 up the trade of the South and West. But 
 the great share of its prosperity is to be 
 attributed to the enterprise of its citizens." 
 
 How far the enthusiastic dream of "A 
 Rambler" has been surpassed by the reality in 
 a little more than three-score years, is a story 
 already familiar to the world. 
 
 In common with the entire country, Chicago 
 felt most keenly the effects of the financial 
 revulsion of 1837. During a considerable part 
 of the next five years, the financial disasters 
 which had overtaken the State, compelled the 
 suspension of work on the Illinois and Michigan 
 Canal, which had been entered upon in 1836, 
 and upon the completion of which the future 
 growth of the city was so closely dependent. 
 As a consequence there was a rapid deprecia- 
 tion in the value of real estate and a general 
 stagnation in business, which had the effect to 
 check the tide of immigration which had been 
 so marked a feature of the four years following 
 the Black Hawk War and the Indian treaty of 
 1833. About 1842 there was a revival of busi- 
 ness and immigration, which was made evident 
 by the State census of 1845 showing a popula- 
 tion of over 12,000, and was still more marked 
 by the United States census of 1850, when the 
 population had grown to more than 28,000 — an 
 increase of over 600 per cent as compared with 
 that of ten years previous. In 1844 it has been 
 estimated that over 600 new buildings were 
 erected. 
 
 On March 4, 1837, the State Legislature 
 passed an act granting a special charter author- 
 izing Chicago to organize a city government. 
 The first election under this act was held on 
 the first Tuesday in May, following, resulting 
 in the election of William B. Ogden the first 
 Mayor, the total vote cast being 703. The first 
 charter fixed the term of the Mayor at one 
 year, but in 1863 it was changed to two years. 
 
 In the sixty-eight years that have elapsed since 
 the organization of a city government thirty 
 different persons have occupied the chair of 
 Mayor — eighteen under the one-year rule, and 
 twelve under the two-year period. Of the one- 
 year class, ten held office for one term each and 
 eight for two terms each; while of the two-year 
 class, nine held oflSce for one term each, one for 
 two terms, one (Carter H. Harrison, Sr.) five 
 terms, and one (Carter H. Harrison, Jr.) is now 
 (1904) serving his fourth consecutive term. 
 
 Embracing an area of 2.55 square miles at the 
 date of its incorporation as a town in 1835, 
 Chicago has grown by successive annexations 
 until now (1905) it covers 190.64 square miles, 
 including seven entire townships, viz.: North, 
 South and West Chicago, Hyde Park, Lake, 
 Lake View and Jefferson, with parts of Calu- 
 met, Cicero, Evanston, Maine, Niles and Nor- 
 wood Park Townships. 
 
 The following table presents the population 
 of Chicago, as officially reported at different 
 periods during its history as a city: 
 
 1837 4,179 I 1870 298,977 
 
 1840 4,470 I 1880 503,185 
 
 1850 28,269 j 1890 1,099,850 
 
 1860 112,162 I 1900 1,698,575 
 
 Population 1903 (est.) 1,885,000. 
 
 SUBURBAN VILLAGES ABSORBED BY CHICAGO. 
 
 One of the most noteworthy evidences of the 
 change that has been going on in Cook County 
 within the past twenty years, has been the 
 absorption of outlying villages and townships 
 within the city of Chicago. As already 
 explained in the opening pages of this chapter, 
 the city now embraces seven full townships, 
 which formerly had an independent existence, 
 while it has absorbed parts of five others. One 
 of the interesting features in the history of 
 these changes relates to the large number of 
 suburban villages which have been swept into 
 the city by the various annexations which 
 have taken place within the past fifteen years. 
 The fever for annexation began in 1869, and 
 since that time there have been ten successive 
 annexations, which have more than quadrupled 
 ■the area of the city and added largely to the 
 population by annexation alone, as well as 
 given room for further development. Previous 
 to the date first named, the northern limit was 
 at Fullerton Avenue, the southern at Thirty- 
 ninth Street, and the western at Fortieth Ave- 
 nue. Since then the city limits have been 
 
658 
 
 mSTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 moved six and a half miles farther north, thir- 
 teen miles farther south to One Hundred and 
 Thirty-eighth Street, four miles farther west 
 — making the city over twenty-five miles in 
 length from north to south, with an average 
 width of about seven and a half miles to make 
 up its area of 191 square miles. The record 
 breaking year in the way of annexations was 
 1889, when nearly four congressional townships 
 (about 140 square miles) were brought within 
 the city limits. These comprised the whole of 
 Jefferson and Lake View Townships on the 
 north, and Lake and Hyde Park Townships on 
 the south. 
 
 The town of Hyde Park was organized in 
 1861, being set apart from Lake Township, its 
 area at first extending from Thirty-ninth 
 Street on the north to Eighty-seventh Street on 
 the south, and from Grand Boulevard, or South 
 Park Avenue, on the west to Michigan on the 
 east. In 1867 its limits were extended south 
 to One Hundred Thirty-eighth Street on the 
 south and to Indiana State line on the east. 
 \\Tiile Hyde Park Township, at the date of its 
 annexation to the city in 1889, constituted a 
 municipal corporation with a population of 
 some 80,000, it was made up of a large number 
 of incipient villages, or hamlets,' which had 
 sprung into existence at different periods. One 
 of the most important of these was known as 
 Oakland — also as Cleaver vi 11 e(, from Charles 
 Cleaver who settled in Ellis Avenue south of 
 Thirty-ninth Street in 1853. It is only possible 
 here to make mention of some of the most 
 important incidents in the history of this local- 
 ity, but it was, for a time, the residence of 
 some of the most prominent citizens of Chi- 
 cago Village, Oolehour, Cummings, Hegewisch, 
 township were Forrestville, Egandale, Grand 
 Crossing, Cornell, Brookline, Cheltenham Beach, 
 South Chicago. City of Calumet, South Chi- 
 cago Village, Colehour, Cummings, Hegewisch, 
 Riverdale, Wildwood, Kensington, Roseland, 
 Pullman. North Pullman, etc. Some of these 
 were simply residence districts— taking their 
 names, like Egandale and Cornell, from their 
 most prominent families, while others, like 
 Pullman. Colehour, Cummings, Hegewisch, 
 KfnHlngton, etc., were manufacturing centers, 
 or points of Junction of different lines of rail- 
 road approaching Chicago. The most important 
 of these was Pullman, which, starting a.s a 
 nianufaciurlng suburb, grew to the proportions 
 of a mrxlel city, and now constitutes one of the 
 
 most busy and prosperous parts of the city of 
 Chicago. 
 
 Lake Township, one of the early voting pre- 
 cincts of Cook County, later one of the town- 
 ships organized in 1850, and incorporated as a 
 village in 1855, comprised within its area a num- 
 ber of industrial and residence centers, though 
 not formally incorporated as villages. The 
 most important of these was the Union Stock 
 Yards, which would rank as a city in itself 
 today, if the number of persons finding employ- 
 ment there, and the volume of financial trans- 
 actions were alone taken into account. Engle- 
 wood. South Englewood, and Auburn were prom- 
 ising residence districts, while Normalville was 
 the location of the Cook County Normal School. 
 South Lynn and South Brighton were also the 
 beginnings of residence suburbs, the latter in 
 the immediate vicinity of what is now known 
 as McKinley Park. 
 
 On the North Side, Lake View Township, 
 lying between the City of Chicago and Evanston, 
 and embracing an area five miles in length, with 
 an average of two and a half in breadth along 
 the lake shore, and including a portion of Lin- 
 coln Park, was known previous to the annexa- 
 tion period as one of the choice residence sub- 
 urbs of Chicago. This applies especially to the 
 village of Ravenswood, situated on the Mil- 
 waukee Division of the Chicago & Northwestern 
 Railroad. The first settlement was made in the 
 township previous to 1837. The north branch 
 of the Chicago River flows near the west line 
 of what was Lake View Township and across 
 its southwest corner. Rosehill and Graceland 
 cemeteries, two of the most noted cemeteries 
 near Chicago, are both within the limits of 
 the original Lake View Township, now, as 
 already explained, a part of Chicago. 
 
 Jefferson Township, originally another sub- 
 urban district to the northwest of Chicago but 
 now a part of the city, is believed to have been 
 settled first in 1830, by John K. Clark, a rela- 
 tive of the Kinzies and Clybourns. Other 
 early settlers in the township were Mark 
 Noble, George Bickerdike and Joseph Lovell. 
 A number of prosperous villages were located 
 in this township previous to the date of annexS/- 
 tion, all being now within the city of Chicago. 
 The most important were Humboldt Park, 
 Cragln, Avondaie, Mont Clare, Forest Glen, 
 Bowmanvllle, Galewood, Montrose, Garfield] 
 and Pennock. Several of these, like Humboldt j 
 Park and Garfield, have given names to impor- 
 tant localities within the city. 
 
MuimasLL Pu,b Cc 
 
 Y^Cj^-^ 
 
i 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 659 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 RAILWAY PROGRESS. 
 
 CHICAGO AS A RAILWAY CENTEB — THE GALENA & 
 
 CHICAGO UNION THE PIONEER LINE PRINCIPAI, 
 
 LINES NOW OPERATING STREET RAILWAY HIS- 
 TORY — SURFACE AND ELEVATED LINES — INTER- 
 URBAN TROLLEY ROADS THE FOX RIVER VALLEY 
 
 SYSTEMS CHICAGO & JOLIET LINE. 
 
 Chicago was still in the primitive condition 
 of a pioneer settlement and Indian trading post 
 when railway construction began in the older 
 sections of the Union, and had scarcely entered 
 upon the condition of an embryonic city when 
 the first railroad was built in the State of Illi- 
 nois. Consequently it wasi tardy in entering 
 upon its career of railroad construction, yet in 
 the half-century, which has since elapsed, it 
 has become the center of a larger mileage of 
 tributary railway lines than any other city in 
 the country — or, for that matter, in the world. 
 
 Of over twenty corporations now operating 
 main or trunk lines into the city of Chicago, 
 several have control, either by lease or pur- 
 chase, of subsidiary lines leading into the 
 city or directly tributary to it. The whole num- 
 ber of original lines centering at Chicago as a 
 terminal point has numbered not less than 
 thirty-five, of which several have been known 
 by different names. The first railroad to be 
 constructed with Chicago as the starting point, 
 was the Galena & Chicago Union — now a part 
 of the Chicago & Northwestern — originally 
 chartered in 1836, although the work of actual 
 construction was not fairly begun until 1847. 
 As its name indicates, this line was intended 
 to connect the cities of Galena and Chicago. 
 The first ten miles of the line west from the 
 city of Chicago were so far completed as to 
 permit the running of a train over it in Decem- 
 ber, 1848, — an event celebrated with great 
 enthusiasm by the people. This was ten years 
 after the first locomotive had been placed on 
 the track of the Northern Cross Railroad (now 
 a part of the Wabash System), and about nine 
 years after the completion of that line from the 
 Illinois River to Jacksonville. The following 
 table presents a list of the trunk line railways 
 
 centering at Chicago with the mileage operated 
 by each, as stated in the Report of the Illinois 
 Railway Commission for 1903: 
 
 TRUNK LINES. MILEAGE. 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 4,828.86 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio 3,832.89 
 
 Chicago & Alton 898.04 
 
 Chicago & Eastern Illinois 728.36 
 
 Chicago & Western Indiana 27.27 
 
 Chicago & Erie 249.57 
 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk 330.40 
 
 Chicago & Northwestern 7,327.38 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 8,095.69 
 
 Chicago Great Western 846.18 
 
 Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville 
 
 (Monon Route) 536.89 
 
 Chicago, Indianapolis & Western 361.45 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 6,669.20 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 5,184.05 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
 
 Louis 1,807.34 
 
 Illinois Central 4,288.13 
 
 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern 1,411.16 
 
 Michigan Central 1,650.18 
 
 New York, Chicago & St. Louis (Nickel 
 
 Plate) 512.52 
 
 Pennsylvania Lines (Pittsburg, Ft. 
 
 Wayne & Chicago) 1,470.78 
 
 Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
 
 Louis 1,356.39 
 
 Wabash 2,044.70 
 
 Wisconsin Central 815.70 
 
 Total 55,265.13 
 
 While the main lines radiating from Chicago 
 give close connection with other trunk lines 
 leading to both the Atlantic and the Pacific, as 
 well as to the Gulf Coast and Canada, there 
 are a number of short lines directly tributary to 
 the city which add largely to the general vol- 
 ume of business. The gross earnings of the 
 twenty-two roads constituting the Chicago Rail- 
 road Association for the year 1903, aggregated 
 ?660, 800,972, showing an increase of 87 per 
 cent in the income of the same lines in the 
 past ten years, while the increase in mileage of 
 the same companies, during the same period, 
 amounted to 26 per cent. The total number of 
 passenger trains arriving at and departing from 
 Chicago per day (Sundays excepted) at the 
 present time (1904) amounts to 1,144, of which 
 333 are through express trains and 811 are 
 accommodation and suburban trains. The aver- 
 
66o 
 
 HISTORICAL EiNCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 age number of freight trains arriving and 
 departing daily is estimated at 325 outgoing 
 and 324 incoming trains, making a total of 
 6-19 within twenty-four hours. The total 
 amount of freight handled by Chicago roads 
 aggi-egates 41 per cent of the entire freight ton- 
 nage of the United States, making Chicago the 
 largest railroad center in the world. 
 
 Besides many substations within the city 
 limits, the general passenger business of roads 
 entering Chicago is handled at six separate ter- 
 minal stations, located in different parts of the 
 city but conveniently accessible from the prin- 
 cipal hotels. Central Station, located at No. 1 
 Lake Park Place, is used by five main lines; 
 Dearborn Station, on Polk Street facing Dear- 
 born, by nine lines; Grand Central Passenger 
 Station, Harrison Street and Fifth Avenue, by 
 five lines; La Salle Street Station, 136 to 154 
 Van Buren Street, by three lines; Northwestern 
 Depot, North Wells and Kinzie Streets, by the 
 Chicago & Northwestern; and the Union Depot, 
 Canal and Adams Streets, by five lines. 
 
 STREET RAILWAYS. 
 
 The history of street railways in Chicago 
 begins with the construction of a line in State 
 Street authorized by ordinance of the City 
 Council in 1856, and later granted special char- 
 ter by act of the General Assembly, although 
 the work of actual construction did not com- 
 mence until nearly three years later. The line, 
 as originally opened in April, 1859, extended 
 south to Twelfth Street, and was, of course, 
 operated by horse-power, as all street-car lines 
 were in that day. The progress made in this 
 department within the last forty years is indi- 
 cated not only in the increased mileage, but in 
 the style of construction, horse-power having 
 given way almost entirely to cable and electric 
 power. Reduced to single track, the mileage 
 of ten surface and six elevated lines amounts 
 to more than 1,000 miles. The following is a 
 list of the lines as reported for July, 1901, since 
 when there have been few changes. 
 
 8UIIFACE LINES. 
 
 Calumet Elot-trlc Street Railway 
 (trolley) operates 72 miles of 
 owned and 5 miles of leased 
 track— total 
 
 ChlraKo City Railway (cable, trolley 
 and horse) 
 
 General Electric (controlled by Chl- 
 
 Trnckagc— 
 In miles. 
 
 77. 
 209 . 82 
 
 Trackage— 
 Id miles. 
 
 cage City Railway Company — 
 operated by storage battery.. .. 56. 
 
 Chicago Electric Traction (trolley). 28. 
 
 Chicago General Railway (electric). 22. 
 
 Chicago Union Traction (cable and 
 electric) includes: 
 
 West Side System 202.70 
 
 North Side System 94.33 
 
 Chicago Consolidated Trac- 
 tion 205 . 71 502 . 74 
 
 Northern Electric Railway 5. 
 
 South Chicago City Railway 37. 
 
 Total 937.56 
 
 ELEVATED LINES. 
 
 As the city has extended its area and the 
 downtown streets have become more and more 
 congested with traffic and travel, there has 
 been a constantly increasing demand, during 
 the last few years, for relief by the construc- 
 tion of elevated lines, thereby securing both 
 speed and safety. The first line of this class 
 to be constructed was the South Side Elevated 
 (popularly known as the "Alley L") chartered 
 as the "Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit 
 Railroad" in 1888, and completed from Con- 
 gress Street to Thirty-ninth Street in 1892, and 
 to Jackson Park (8.56 miles) in May, 1893, 
 becoming an important factor in connection 
 with the World's Fair. It is a double-track 
 line with switches and sidetracks, making a 
 total trackage of 19.44 miles. 
 
 A most important part of the elevated rail- 
 road system is the "Union Loop," extending 
 north on Wabash Avenue to Lake Street, west 
 on Lake to Fifth Avenue, south on Fifth Avenue 
 to Van Buren and east on Van Buren to 
 Wabash Avenue. The company was organized 
 in 1894 for the purpose of constructing a road 
 to connect the several elevated lines, and owns 
 approximately two miles of double-track — total 
 trackage, about four miles. The "Loop" is used 
 for turning purposes by the following lines: 
 Lake Street Elevated, Metropolitan West Side 
 Elevated, Northwestern Elevated and South 
 Side Elevated. The Union Consolidated Ele- 
 vated Railroad is a short line extending in Van 
 Buren Street from Fifth Avenue to Market 
 Street, and is operated by the Metropolitan 
 Elevated, furnishing the latter with a connec- 
 tion with the Union Loop. 
 
 The Lake Street Elevated was chartered in 
 1888, but not constructed until several years 
 later. Besides the Union T.,oop Division it oper- 
 
mSTOEICAL EJ^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 66 1 
 
 ates 6.5 miles of double-track elevated line 
 from Fifth Avenue to West Fifty-second Street, 
 and 4.3 miles of surface track. 
 
 The Metropolitan West Side Elevated was 
 organized in 1892, and in May, 1901, operated 
 over 17 miles of road (lineal measure) exclu- 
 sive of the Union Loop, made up of the main 
 line and two branches. A part of this is 4- 
 track and the remainder double-track, making 
 a total of 37.9 miles single track. 
 
 The Northwestern Elevated (May, 1901), is 
 made up of .92 mile double-track from Lake 
 Street to Institute Place; 5.52 4-track line from 
 Institute Place to Wilson Avenue; besides one 
 and a half miles for storage purposes. The 
 total length of line operated for transportation 
 purposes in 1903 was 8.42 miles, or about 25 
 miles of single-track. At the present time 
 (January, 1905) the Northwestern Elevated is 
 constructing a line to the Ravenswood district 
 in the northwest part of the city. 
 
 The aggregate of all the elevated lines oper- 
 ated in Chicago, at the present time is esti- 
 mated, approximately, as follows: 
 
 Length in miles. 
 
 Lalie Street Elevated *10 . 8 
 
 Metropolitan West Side Elevated 17.35 
 
 Northwestern Elevated 8.42 
 
 South Side Elevated 8.72 
 
 Union Loop 1.98 
 
 Total 47.27 
 
 INTERURBAN LINES. 
 
 About five years ago the attention of capital- 
 ists began to be attracted to projects for the 
 construction of electric lines of railway, con- 
 necting various suburban towns with the city 
 of Chicago, and during the past three years the 
 work of construction has been going on with 
 great activity. The earliest of these lines, 
 known as the "Suburban Railroad," was char- 
 tered in 1895, for the purpose of constructing a 
 trolley line connecting Chicago with Elgin, 
 Aurora, Joliet and intermediate points. During 
 1900 this line was completed by way of River 
 Forest, Riverside and Grossdale to La Grange — 
 by way of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad some fourteen miles from the city — 
 and the company has been operating over 
 3314 miles of owned single track, besides 22^4 
 miles of leased track belonging to the Chicago 
 
 *4.3 miles of this line is surface road. 
 
 Terminal Transfer Company, thereby securing 
 connection with Oak Park, Ridgeland, Harlem 
 and the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Road. 
 
 One of the most extensive interurban lines 
 projected is the Aurora, Wheaton & Chicago 
 Railroad, designed to connect the places named 
 in the title. Early in 1901 the company 
 absorbed several other similar enterprises, 
 including the Elgin, Carpentersville & Aurora; 
 the Aurora Street Railway; the Aurora & Gen- 
 eva; the Aurora, Yorkville & Morris, and the 
 Geneva, Batavia & Southern. When completed, 
 the parent road, extending from Fifty-second 
 Avenue in Chicago (where it has connection 
 with the Metropolitan Elevated), will connect 
 with Wheaton, Aurora, Elgin, Warrenhurst and 
 Batavia — a total of 55 miles. About July 1, 
 1901, it had 71 miles, single-track measurement, 
 in operation, and before the close of the year 
 the principal towns of the Fox River Valley 
 between Yorkville, in Kendall County, and 
 Dundee, in Kane County, were in communica- 
 tion with each other and the city of Chicago. 
 Ultimately these rural lines will establish con- 
 nections with similar lines extending to Rock- 
 ford, Belvidere, Freeport, etc., forming a per- 
 fect network of electric lines over Northern 
 Illinois. 
 
 One of the most important of these inter- 
 urban lines is the Chicago & Joliet, extending 
 from Forty-eighth Street and Archer Avenue 
 in the city of Chicago to Joliet — a distance of 
 40 miles — which was opened in September, 
 1901, and will, no doubt, be extended down the 
 valley of the Illinois, and ultimately form a 
 connection with rural lines projected and in 
 process of construction from Springfield and 
 Bloomington northward. The total trackage of 
 the Joliet line (1903) aggregates 48% miles. 
 
 The Chicago & Milwaukee Electric Railway, 
 designed to connect Chicago with Milwaukee 
 and intermediate points, has been completed 
 (1901) to Waukegan, a distance of 30 miles 
 from the city limits and 28 miles from Evans- 
 ton. 
 
 The Hammond, Whiting & . East Chicago 
 Electric Railway, extending from Hammond to 
 East Chicago and Whiting in Lake County, 
 Ind., though wholly within the State of Indi- 
 ana, is directly connected with the Chicago 
 system. The company owns 22 miles of trolley 
 line. 
 
662 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 POLITICAL. 
 
 CHICAGO AS A POLITICAL CENTER NATIONAL POL- 
 ITICAL CONTENTIONS NOMINATION OF LINCOLN 
 
 IN 1860 OTHER NOTABLE CONVENTIONS CITI- 
 ZENS OF COOK COUNTY WHO HAVE HELD STATE 
 OFFICES — COOK COUNTY CITIZENS IN THE COUN- 
 CILS OF THE NATION UNITED STATES SENATORS 
 
 AND REPltESENTATR'ES IN CONGRESS — ^PRESENT 
 REPRESENTATION (1904) IN CONGRESS — LEGIS- 
 LATIVE DISTRICTS IN COOK COUNTY. 
 
 The importance of Chicago as a political cen- 
 ter is indicated in the fact that, within the last 
 forty-four years (1860-1904), it has been the 
 point for the holding of more National conven- 
 tions of the respective political parties than any 
 other single city in the country since the 
 foundation of the Republic. Commencing with 
 the memorable convention of May 16, 1860, 
 which resulted in the nomination of Abraham 
 Lincoln for President, and Hannibal Hamlin, 
 of Maine, for Vice-President, there have been 
 six National conventions of the Republican 
 "party and four Democratic. The dates of 
 Republican conventions, besides that of 1860, 
 have been as follows: May 21, 1868, at which 
 Gen. U. S. Grant was nominated for the Presi- 
 dency and Schuyler Colfax for Vice-President; 
 June 2-8, 1880, resulting in the nomination of 
 James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur; June 
 3, 1884, when James G. Blaine and Gen. John 
 A. Logan were nominated for President and 
 Vice-President; June 20-25, 1888, which ended 
 In the first nomination of Benjamin Harrison 
 for President and I^vi P. Morton for Vice- 
 President; the sixth being the convention of 
 June 21-23. 1904, at which Theodore Roosevelt 
 was nominated* for the Presidency and Charles 
 W. Fairbanks of Indiana, for the Vice-Presi- 
 dency. Of these conventions, that of 1860, 
 marking the beginning of Republican rule in 
 national affairs and the agitation which termi- 
 nated In the Civil War; that of 1880, when a 
 sturdy struggle was made for the nomination 
 of Gen. Grant for the Presidency for a third 
 term, and that of 1904, at which the nomina- 
 tion of both candidates on the national ticket 
 
 was accomplished by acclamation, will gener- 
 ally be regarded as most noteworthy. 
 
 The National conventions of the Democratic 
 party were held, respectively, August 29, 1864 — 
 this date being a postponement from July 4 
 preceding — which ended in the nomination of 
 George B. McClellan and George H. Pendleton; 
 July 10, 1884, when Grover Cleveland was nom- 
 inated for the first time; June 21, 1892, when 
 Mr. Cleveland received his third nomination for 
 the Presidency, with Adlai E. Stevenson, of 
 Illinois, as his running mate for the Vice- 
 Presidency; while the fourth was that of July 
 7-10, 1896, at which William J. Bryan received 
 his first nomination for the Presidency. Of 
 these the conventions of 1864 and 1896 were 
 probably the most notable — the first resulting 
 in the choice of a candidate for the Presidency 
 of a man who had been in command of the 
 Union armies in the field on a platform declar- 
 ing the war "a failure;" while the second was 
 notable for the display of oratory during its 
 deliberations and the declaration of the party 
 in favor of free-coinage of silver on the basis 
 of 16 to 1 of gold — a position which the party 
 maintained for the next eight years. On the 
 other hand, the conventions of 1884 and 1892 — 
 at both of which Mr. Cleveland was nominated 
 for the Presidency — resulted in the only suc- 
 cesses which the party has attained in national 
 campaigns since 1856. 
 
 CITIZENS OF COOK COUNTY WHO HAVE HELD STATE 
 OFFICES. 
 
 "While Chicago has been an important and 
 constantly growing factor in National and State 
 politics, the number of its citizens who have 
 held executive and other prominent positions 
 in connection with the National and State gov- 
 ernments has not been large. Up to 1904 only 
 two citizens of Cook County had held the office 
 of Governor, viz.: John L. Beveridge, who was 
 elected Lieutenant-Governor on the same ticket 
 with Governor Oglesby, and, on the election of 
 the latter to the United States Senate ten days 
 after his inauguration, succeeded to the gov- 
 ernorship; and John P. Altgeld, who was 
 elected Governor In 1892. November 8, 1904, 
 Charles S. Deneen, who had previously served 
 as a member of the lower branch of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly from Cook County, and two 
 terms in the office of Slate's Attorney, was 
 elected Governor on the Republican ticket by 
 the unprecedented plurality, for the whole 
 
HISTORICAL EN'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 663 
 
 State, of over 300,000 votes, of which Cook 
 County furnished over 130,000 — his majority 
 within the county over all other candidates 
 for the office of Governor being 81,560 votes. 
 
 Those who have held the office of Lieutenant- 
 Governor by election, have been: Hon. Fran- 
 cis A. Hoffman, 1861-65 (elected with the first 
 Gov. Richard Yates); William Bross, 1865-69; 
 John L. Beveridge, Jan. 13 to 23, 1873, when 
 he succeeded to the governorship; Andrew 
 Shuman, 1877-81; Gen. John C. Smith, 1885-89. 
 
 The only citizen of Cook County who ever 
 occupied the office of Secretary of State was 
 David L. Gregg, who had previously been a citi- 
 ,zen of Will County and editor of the first paper 
 established at Joliet. He held the office from 
 1850 to 1853, as successor to Horace S. Cooley, 
 who died in office during the year first named. 
 Gregg had previously been a member of the 
 Legislature from the Will County District, and 
 after his retirement from the Secretaryship, 
 served as Commissioner to the Sandwich 
 Islands by appointment of President Pierce. 
 
 The following citizens of Cook County have 
 served in the office of State Treasurer: Gen. 
 George W. Smith, 1867-69; Edward Rutz, 1881-83 
 — having previously served two terms as a res- 
 ident of St. Clair County; Jacob Gross, 1885-87; 
 Henry WulfE, 1895-97; Henry L. Hertz, 1897-99. 
 
 COOK COUNTY CITIZENS IN THE NATIONAL COUN- 
 CILS. 
 
 In the councils of the Nation Chicago has 
 exerted a marked influence, although, of twen- 
 ty-seven men who have held the position of 
 United States Senator from Illinois, for one or 
 more terms, up to the present time (1904), 
 only five were residents of Chicago for at least 
 a part of their terms of service, though men 
 of wide national reputation. The list includes 
 the names of Stephen A. Douglas, who was Sen- 
 ator from 1847 to 1861; Lyman Trumbull, 1855 
 to 1873; John A. Logan, 1871 to 1877 and 1879 
 to 1886; Charles B. Farwell, 1887 to 1891, and 
 William E. Mason, 1897 to 1903. Of these all 
 except Farwell and Mason were elected for 
 three terms each, Douglas and Logan dying 
 before the expiration of their last term, while 
 Trumbull served his full period of eighteen 
 years. At the time of his first election, Doug- 
 
 las was a resident of Quincy, afterwards becom- 
 ing a citizen of Chicago, while Trumbull 
 entered the Senate as a citizen of Belleville, 
 but before the beginning of his second term 
 removed to Chicago. Logan, Farwell and 
 Mason were residents of Chicago during their 
 entire incumbency in the Senate. Senator Far- 
 well's service of four years was as successor to 
 Senator Logan, filling the unexpired term of 
 the latter who died in 1886 after his third elec- 
 tion in 1885. 
 
 As Chicago and Cook County have increased 
 in population they have steadily increased in 
 the number of their Representatives in Con- 
 gress, until now, under the apportionment 
 adopted by the General Assembly of 1901, divid- 
 ing the State into twenty-five Congressional 
 Districts in accordance with the census of 1900, 
 nine Districts are assigned wholly to Cook 
 County and the tenth to Cook in conjunction 
 with Lake County. Of Cook County Districts, 
 six — the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, Eighth 
 and Ninth — lie wholly within the Chicago city 
 limits, while the Third, Sixth and Seventh each 
 embrace parts of the city and country towns. 
 The Tenth District, as already stated, embraces 
 Lake County, with a portion of the city of 
 Chicago and several northern townships of 
 Cook County. 
 
 John Wentworth, the second newspaper 
 editor in Chicago, was the first citizen of Chi- 
 cago to hold a seat in the lower house of Con- 
 gress from the district of which Cook County 
 then formed a part, being elected for six terms 
 between 1842 and 1866. Other citizens of Chi- 
 cago and Cook County who have represented the 
 city and county in the Congressional House of 
 Representatives have been: James H. Wood- 
 worth (one term), 1855-57; John F. Farns- 
 worth (two terms), 1857-61 — later a resident 
 of Kane County; Isaac N. Arnold (two terms), 
 1861-65; Norman B. Judd (two terms), 1867-71; 
 John L. Beveridge for State-at-large, 1871-73; 
 Charles B. Farwell, 1871-75 and 1881-83; John 
 B. Rice, 1873-74 (died in office); Jasper D. 
 Ward, 1873-75; B. G. Caulfield (as successor to 
 Rice), 1875-77; Carter H. Harrison, 1875-79; 
 John V. LeMoyne, 1876-77; William Aldrich, 
 1877-83; Lorenz Brentano, 1877-79; George R, 
 Davis, 1879-85; Hiram Barber, 1879-81; R. W, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 664 
 
 Dunham. 1883-89; John F. Finerty, 1883-85; 
 George E. Adams, 1883-91; Frank Lawler, 
 1885-91; James H. Ward, 1885-87; William E. 
 Mason, 1887-91; Abner Taylor, 1889-93; LaM- 
 'rence E. McGann, 1891-97; Allen C. Durborow. 
 1891-95; Walter C. Newberry, 1891-93; J. Frank 
 Aldrich 1893-97; Julius Goldzier, 1893-95; Wil- 
 liam Lorimer, 1895-1905; Charles W. Wood- 
 man 1895-97; George E. White. 1895-99 ; Edward 
 D Cooke. 1895-97 (died in office after re-elec- 
 tion) ; George Edmund Foss, 1895-1905; James 
 R Mann, 1897-1905; Hugh R. Belknap, 1897-99, 
 Daniel W. Mills, 1897-99; Henry Sherman Bou- 
 tell vice Cooke, 1897-1905; George P. Foster 
 1899-1905; Thomas Cusack. 1899-1901; Edward 
 T Noonan. 1899-1901; John J. Feely, 1901-03; 
 James J. McAndrews, 1901-03; William F. 
 Mahony, 1901-05; Martin Emerich, 1903-05. 
 The Representatives in the Fifty-eighth Con- 
 gress (1903-05), representing districts com- 
 prised, in whole or in part, within Cook County, 
 are- First District— Martin Emerich (Dem.); 
 Second District-James R. Mann (Rep.) ; Third 
 District— William Warfield Wilson (Rep.); 
 Fourth District-George P. Foster (Dem.); 
 Fifth District— James McAndrews (Dem.); 
 Sixth District— William Lorimer (Rep.) ; Sev- 
 enth District-Philip Knopf (Rep.); Eighth 
 District-William F. Mahony (Dem.); Ninth 
 District— Henry Sherman Boutell (Rep.); 
 Tenth District— George Edmund Foss (Rep.) 
 
 KEPRESKXTATION IN GEKKKAL ASSEMBLY. 
 
 Under the act apportioning members of the 
 General Assemblj-, Cook County is divided into 
 nineteen Legislative Districts, of which four- 
 teen are wholly within the city of Chicago; four 
 composed of city territory and country towns 
 combined, and one consisting wholly of rural 
 territory. The city districts are numbered First 
 to Fifth consecutively, the Ninth, Eleventh, Sev- 
 enleenth. Twenty-first, Twenty-fifth, Twenty- 
 seventh, Twenty-ninth and Thirty-first; the city 
 and country districts being the Sixth, Thir- 
 teenth, Nineteenth and Twenty-third, and the 
 sole country district the Seventh. The county 
 is thus entitled to 19 Senators and 57 Repre- 
 Bentatlves— making a total representation in 
 both branches of the Legislature of 70. a little 
 over one-third of the representation of the whole 
 State. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 PARKS AND BOULEVARDS. 
 
 .GENERAL HISTORY-BEGINMNG OF THE PARK SYS- 
 TEM-FIRST PARK NAMED FOR THE MARTYRED 
 PRESIDEKT— STATISTICS OF COST AND AREA OF 
 PARK SYSTEMS IN THE THREE SEVERAL DIVIS- 
 IONS—PROJECTED PABKS ON THE DES PLAINES 
 AND CALUMET KIVERS. 
 
 Geographically considered the most pictur- 
 esque feature of modern Chicago rests upon its 
 extensive system of public parks, a portion of 
 which is located in each of the three divisions 
 into which the city is divided, the whole being 
 united by a system of improved boulevards and 
 driveways making a complete circuit of the 
 city The park system had its origin in an act 
 of the Legislature in 1837 granting to the town 
 of Chicago a lot of canal land near the town 
 plat on the North Side, to be used as a burial 
 ground, and paid for by the town at the valua- 
 tion afterwards to be set upon these lands by 
 the State. During the cholera epidemic of 
 1852 a considerable tract was purchased m 
 the same vicinity, for the purpose of establish- 
 ing a hospital and quarantine grounds. By 
 1858 the city had grown around the cemetery, 
 and considerable opposition began to be mani- 
 fested to the maintenance of a cemetery within 
 the city limits. This led to the passage of an 
 ordinance by the City Council in 1859, prohibit- 
 ing the further sale of lots within the cemetery. 
 During the next year the question of dedicating 
 a portion of these lands for use as a public 
 park began to be agitated, and, early in 1860. , 
 an ordinance was adopted limiting burials to K 
 the portion already subdivided for that purpose. |i 
 and reserving the north sixty acres to be used 
 as a public park, or for such purpose as the 
 Common Council might direct. Two years 
 later a beginning had been made in the laying 
 out of roads and walks and the clearing of 
 ground in the portion of the -tract reserved 
 for park purposes, the prosecution of the work I 
 being in charge of the Commissioners of Pub- 
 lic Works. Barly in 1864 an ordinance was 
 passed setting aside the whole of this tract 
 ( including the cemetery grounds) for a public 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 665 
 
 park, and giving it the name of "Lalce Park." 
 The further sale of lots for cemetery pur- 
 poses was also prohibited and, in 1866, an 
 ordinance was adopted prohibiting any more 
 burials in the cemetery, and the removal of 
 bodies to other burial grounds, which had 
 already begun, became general. 
 
 Up to 1864 the appropriations for the 
 improvement of the park had been insignifi- 
 cant, and very little real progress had been 
 made. In June, 1865 — a few weeks after the 
 assassination of President Lincoln — the name 
 of Chicago's pioneer park was changed by 
 ordinance to "Lincoln Park," and, with the 
 increased interest produced by attaching to it 
 the name of the "Martyred President," the 
 work of development appears to have begun in 
 earnest. The appropriation for this year 
 amounted to $10,000, which enabled the Com- 
 missioners to employ a landscape gardener to 
 lay out walks and drives. In 1868 the expen- 
 ditures in construction of drives and walks, 
 transplanting trees and digging sewers, 
 exceeded $20,000. A new and most important 
 step was taken in 1869, when, by three separate 
 acts of the Legislature, the regulation of the 
 Chicago park system came under control of 
 State laws providing for the improvement of 
 parks in each of the three divisions of the 
 city, each being under control of a separate 
 Board of Commissioners. These will be treated 
 of separately under their respective heads. 
 
 NORTH PARK SYSTEM. 
 
 A concise history of Lincoln Park — which 
 virtually constitutes the whole of the North 
 Park System — has been given up to the time 
 of its passing under control of a Board of 
 Park Commissioners appointed under act of 
 the State Legislature. This step was taken in 
 the passage of an act, approved February 8, 
 1869, which named B. B. McCagg, John B. 
 Turner, Andrew Nelson, Joseph Stockton and 
 Jacob Rehm as the first Board of "Commis- 
 sioners of Lincoln Park." In 1871 the appoint- 
 ing power was placed in the hands of the 
 Governor, by and with the advice and consent 
 of the Senate, the number of the Commissioners 
 remaining unchanged until 1897, when it was 
 increased from five to seven. 
 
 As would naturally be inferred from its his- 
 tory as the original park enterprise in the 
 City of Chicago, the equipment of Lincoln 
 Park as to improvement of grounds, walks and 
 
 drives, landscape gardening and greenhouses, 
 lakes and other water-ways, fountains, monu- 
 ments and statuary, zoological collections, etc., 
 is the most complete and extensive in the city, 
 and surpasses any other in the United States, 
 unless it be that of Central Park in New York 
 City. At the same time the area occupied for 
 park purposes is smaller than that of either 
 of the other divisions of the city, being less 
 than half that of the West Side system (includ- 
 ing boulevards), and less than one-third of that 
 of the South Side. Besides Lincoln Park, 
 proper, two other small parks — extending from 
 North Avenue on the south to Diversey Boule- 
 vard on the north — constitute a part of the 
 North Park system, viz.: Chicago Avenue 
 Park and Union Square. The area of these, 
 with the boulevards attached, as shown by the 
 report of the Park Commissioners for 1900, is 
 as follows: 
 
 AKEA IN ACRES. 
 
 Lincoln Park 308.072 
 
 Chicago Avenue Square 9.160 
 
 Union Square 462 
 
 All Boulevards 91.433 
 
 Total 409.127 
 
 ( Since 1900 the Oak Park Triangle embracing 
 an area of 9 acres has been added to the sys- 
 tem, making a total, with boulevards, of 418- 
 .433 acres.) 
 
 The total length of improved boulevards in 
 miles (1901) approximated 8% miles, while 
 the improved walks and drives within the park 
 aggregated a little over 25 miles. Work is 
 now in progress (1904) on the Shore Boulevard 
 extending from Indiana Street to Lincoln Park. 
 In addition to about 41 acres of water surface 
 (ponds and lagoons) within the park, Lincoln 
 Park has a water frontage of 414 miles along 
 the lake shore, which is traversed through its 
 entire length by the famous Lake Shore Drive. 
 An extension of Lincoln Park on the north by 
 the filling in of the lake front is contemplated, 
 which is expected to add about 213 acres to its 
 area. 
 
 The buildings in Lincoln Park are the most 
 extensive of those of any park in the city, 
 including "The Zoo" which, with its collec- 
 tion of animals, is an especially attractive 
 feature for visitors; the Matthew Laflin Memo- 
 rial Building, which furnishes offices for the 
 Park Commissioners and houses the treasures 
 
666 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 of the Academy of Sciences; and the great 
 conservatory, wh^ch is approached by terraces 
 at the north end of the park. Besides the 
 colossal statue of Abraham Lincoln facing the 
 southern entrance to the park, there are statues 
 of General Grant, Schiller, Linne, Franklin, 
 Shakespeare, La Salle, Hans Christian Ander- 
 sen, Beethoven, Garibaldi and "Peace," repre- 
 sented by an Indian (in bronze) astride a horse 
 — several of these statues being gifts from 
 citizens of different nationalities. 
 
 The stupendous character of the work accom- 
 plished by the development of Lincoln Park and 
 its connecting systems of boulevards, in thirty- 
 two years, is indicated by the fact that, between 
 1869 and January 1, 1901, the total expendi- 
 tures for park purposes (purchase of ground, 
 erection of buildings and other improvements) 
 amounted to $8,808,121.31. The receipts of 
 the Board of Commissioners within the same 
 time aggregated $8,921,002.79, of which $5,104,- 
 815.06 was obtained by general taxation, and 
 the remainder ($3,816,187.73) derived from 
 special assessments and other sources. 
 
 The Lincoln Park Commission for 1904 
 embraces the following names: W. W. Tracy 
 (President), Bryan Lathrop (Vice-President), 
 F. H. Gansbergen, J. H. Hirsch, Burr A. Ken- 
 nedy, Gustave Lundquist and F. T. Simmons; 
 with R. H. Warder, Superintendent and Secre- 
 tary; Edward Dickinson, Treasurer; and Frank 
 Hamlin, Attorney. 
 
 SOUTH PARK SYSTEM. 
 
 The creation of the South Park system fol- 
 lowed closely upon the organization of Lincoln 
 Park under authority of State .law, and was 
 undoubtedly the result of the rivalry aroused 
 by that act between the different divisions of 
 the city. The act authorizing the appointment 
 of a Board of South Park Commissioners, and 
 empowering them to purchase lands and 
 Improve the same, passed the Legislature and 
 received the approval of Gov. John M. Palmer, 
 February 24, 1869— only about two weeks after 
 the creation of the Lincoln Park Board. The 
 first Board of Commissioners appointed con- 
 Blsted of John M. Wilson, George W. Gago, 
 Chauncey T. Bowes, L. B. Sidway and Paul 
 Cornell. The number of Commissioners, origi- 
 nally flxfd at five, has remained unchanged, 
 their apiiolntment being placed in the hands 
 of Ihp Judges of the Circuit Court of Cook 
 County ClanH were prepared for the develop- 
 
 ment of a park system for the towns of South 
 Chicago, Hyde Park and Lake, by Messrs. 01m- 
 stead and Vaux, landscape architects, but active 
 work was soon suspended in consequence of the 
 fire of 1871, but resumed the following year. 
 As it now stands, the South Park system is 
 the most extensive in the city, embracing six 
 park districts varying in area from 20 to 
 approximately 524 acres each, with 17.28 miles 
 of boulevards. The two largest park areas are 
 embraced in Jackson and Washington Parks, 
 with the connecting Midway Plaisance, making 
 a total of about 975 acres. On January 10, 
 1901, a tract known as Brighton Park, just east, 
 of the South Branch and north of Thirty-ninth 
 Street, was transferred to the South Park Com- 
 missioners at a cost of $85,827.50, and by action 
 of the Board on October 9th following, received 
 the name of McKinley Park. By act of the 
 General Assembly of 1901, what was known as 
 Lake Front Park, extending along the lake 
 shore from Monroe Street on the north to Park 
 Place on the south, and east of Michigan 
 Avenue, was changed to Grant Park. This park 
 is already the site of the Chicago Art Institute 
 and of the equestrian statue of Gen. John A. 
 Logan. 
 
 The following table exhibits the area of the 
 several South Side parks, with the amount of 
 improved lands belonging to each, as shown by 
 the Report of the South Park Commissioners 
 for December 1, 1900, except as to McKinley 
 Park, which was acquired since January 1, 
 1901: 
 
 IMPROVED AREA TOTAL AREA 
 IN ACRES. IN ACRES. 
 
 Jackson Park 290.86 523.9 
 
 Washington Park ..371 371 
 
 Grant Park 25.13 186.43 
 
 Gage Park 5 20 
 
 Midway Plaisance.. 80 80 
 
 McKinley Park 34.33 
 
 Total 771.99 1,215.66 
 
 Area of Boulevards 318.88 
 
 Grand Total of System 1,534.54 
 
 Since the above tabic was prepared, under the 
 provisions of an act of the Legislature passed 
 in 1903, 14 new parks have been added to 
 the South Park System, of which Marquette 
 Park is the largest, with an area of 322.68 
 acres, making a total of 20 parks under the 
 management of the Soulli Pari? Board, and 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 667 
 
 increasing the total . area to 1,872.96 acres. 
 The areas of the smaller parks range from five 
 to about 60 acres each. Considerable improve- 
 ments have been made in Jaclison and 
 McKinley Parks, an extensive outdoor swim- 
 ming pool having been constructed in the latter, 
 but the most extensive improvements are con- 
 templated in Grant (formerly Lake Front) 
 Park, which is now in process of enlargement 
 to something like 200 acres by filling in the 
 lake east of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 
 addition to this it is proposed to construct a 
 boulevard along the harbor line, which will be 
 220 feet wide and over a mile in length. The 
 Michigan Avenue side of this park north of 
 Monroe Street, will be the site of the new 
 Crerar Library, which with the Field Colum- 
 bian Museum, also to be erected on the park 
 grounds, and the Art Institute already in exist- 
 ence, will be the most conspicuous buildings 
 and attractive centers of future Chicago. One 
 of the improvements contemplated for McKin- 
 ley Park is a monument to President McKinley, 
 for whom the park is named. 
 
 Of ten boulevards belonging to the South 
 Park system, with a total length of 17.28 miles, 
 Michigan Boulevard is the longest, with a lineal 
 measurement of 5% miles, while the Drexel, 
 Garfield and Western Avenue Boulevards have 
 each a width of 200 feet and Grand Boulevard 
 198 feet. The aggregate length of improved 
 drives, including those within the parks as well 
 as the boulevards, is 41.75 miles. 
 
 Jackson Park and its associated Midway 
 Plaisance acquired a world-wide celebrity as 
 the site of the World's Columbian Exposition of 
 1893, the total area occupied for that purpose 
 being 666 acres. This event gave an impulse 
 to the improvements in Jackson Park, which 
 has since been followed up by the Commission- 
 ers with great vigor and successful results, 
 making it one of the most attractive pleasure 
 grounds in the city. The Field Museum (ulti- 
 mately to be transferred to Grant Park), 
 though not under the management of the South 
 Park Commissioners, is one of the noteworthy 
 attractions of the park, while the Convent 
 Building (another relic of the Exposition of 
 1893), has been used with most satisfactory 
 results during the summer months as a fresh 
 air sanitarium for children. A large space in 
 both Jackson and Washington Parks, as well 
 as in the Midway Plaisance, is set apart for 
 athletic sports. 
 
 The total assets of the South Park system on 
 December 1, 1900, were $16,279,640.02, of which 
 $16,180,042.68 represented expenditures in the 
 purchase of lands, cost of improvements, main- 
 tenance, etc., since its organization in 1869. 
 Adding $85,827.50 expended in the purchase of 
 Brighton (now McKinley) Park, since January 
 1, 1901, makes the cost of the park system, up 
 to that date, in excess of sixteen and a quar- 
 ter million dollars. 
 
 The South Park Commission at the present 
 time (1904) consists of William Best, Jefferson 
 Hodgkins, Henry G. Foreman, Lyman A. Wal- 
 ton and Daniel F. Crilly, with Mr. Foreman as 
 President of the Board, Mr. Best, Auditor; 
 Edward G. Shumway, Secretary, and John R. 
 Walsh, Treasurer. 
 
 WEST CHICAGO PARK SYSTEM. 
 
 The West Chicago Park system dates its 
 origin back to an act of the Legislature, 
 approved February 26, 1869, two days after the 
 incorporation of the South Park system. The 
 first Board of Commissioners for the West 
 Chicago Park system was appointed by the 
 Governor April 26, 1869, consisting of Charles 
 C. P. Holden, Henry Greenebaum, George W. 
 Stanford, Eben F. Runyan, Isaac R. Hitt, 
 Clark Lipe and David Cole. The number 
 of the members — originally fixed at seven, 
 appointed by the Governor — has remained 
 unchanged ever since. The system is made up 
 of three principal parks, with six minor ones, 
 all being connected by a boulevard system 
 embracing a greater mileage and larger acreage 
 than any other system in the city. The follow- 
 ing is a list of the several parks with the area 
 of each in acres, as per the Report of the Com- 
 mission for the year ending December 31, 1900: 
 
 ACREAGE. 
 
 Humboldt Park 205.865 
 
 Garfield Park 187.534 
 
 Douglas Park 181.991 
 
 Union Park 17.37 
 
 Jefferson Park 7.026 
 
 Vernon Park 6.14 
 
 Campbell Park 1.38 
 
 Wicker Park 4.03 
 
 Shedd's Park 1.134 
 
 Holstein Park 1.94 
 
 Total 614.41 
 
 Area of boulevards 374.396 
 
 Total area of system 988.806 
 
668 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 The West Park system embraces twelve bou- 
 levard lines, aggregating 21.75 miles in length 
 and connecting the several parks with each 
 other and with the North and South Side sys- 
 tems. The longest of these is Washington Bou- 
 levard, which has a lineal extent approximating 
 five miles, while Humboldt, Franklin, Douglas 
 and Marshall cover the largest area, having a 
 width of 250 feet each through their entire 
 length, which, for a small section of Humboldt 
 Boulevard, is increased to 400 feet, with a lawn 
 in the midway. Jackson Boulevard extends by a 
 direct east and west line from Garfield Park 
 through the South Side to Lake Michigan. The 
 area of water surface (lakes and lagoons) 
 within the parks aggregates 70 acres, and the 
 improved lawns, 243 acres, leaving a balance of 
 nearly 300 acres of unimproved lands belong- 
 ing to the system. 
 
 Notwithstanding some financial reverses, espe- 
 cially that growing out of the defalcation of 
 the Park Board Treasurer in 1896, there has 
 been much activity in the development of the 
 West Side Park system during the past few 
 years. The total cost of the entire park sys- 
 tem from its organization in 1869 to January 
 1, 1901 (exclusive of special assessments), 
 amounted to $11,027,243.68, of which $7,145,- 
 981.43 was on account of lands and improve- 
 ments, and $3,775,339.44 for maintenance. The 
 amount received on special assessments for 
 boulevard improvements and maintenance dur- 
 ing the same time has been $2,107,194.56, mak- 
 ing a grand total of $13,134,438.24 for the 
 entire West Park system. 
 
 The West Chicago Park Commission of seven 
 meml>ers (1901) is as follows: Fred A. Bangs 
 (President), Andrew J. Graham, Charles W. 
 Kopf, C. Lichtenberger, Jr., Gabriel J. Norden, 
 Edward H. Peters and Frederick Schultz, with 
 Col. Walter Fieldhouse, Secretary; F. W. 
 Blount, Treasurer, and William J. Cooke, Gen- 
 eral Superintendent. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 A consolidated statement of the several park 
 syHtems of the city of Chicago, as they exist at 
 the prenent time (1904), presents the follow- 
 ing roB\ill8 as to number of both parks and 
 boulevards, with area of the former in aci'es, 
 and mileage of tlio latu-r: 
 
 Area No. o( 
 
 No. in acres. Blvds. Miles. 
 
 Soutli Park System.. 20 1,872.96 10 17.28 
 
 West Park System.. 17 644.41 12 23.14 
 
 Lincoln Park System 9 549.69 12 9.22 
 
 School Parks (City). 38 102.00 .. .... 
 
 Totals 84 3,169.06 34 49.64 
 
 The area of the boulevards — reported in 1901 
 at 734.71 acres, and which has not materially 
 changed since then — would make the combined 
 area of parks and boulevards 3,903.77 acres. 
 Of this area nearly 2,200 acres, or more than 
 one-half of the whole, is in the South Park Dis- 
 trict. The largest acreage in boulevards 
 belongs to the West Park system. 
 
 EXPENDITURES OF PARK BOARDS TO 
 JANUARY 1, 1901: 
 
 Lincoln Park System $ 8,808,121.31 
 
 Soutli Park System 16,180,042.69 
 
 West Park System 13,134,438.24 
 
 Grand total $38,122,602 . 24 
 
 HISTORIC DEARBORN PARK. 
 
 Dearborn Park, the most historical of all the 
 Chicago Parks, embracing, as it does, a consid- 
 erable portion of the site of the old Fort Dear- 
 born, is occupied by the Chicago Public Library 
 and Memorial Hall building. The ground on 
 the east side of Michigan avenue opposite 
 Dearborn Park, constituting the northern por- 
 tion of what has been known as Lake Front 
 Park, still remains under the jurisdiction of 
 the Commissioner of Public Works. By act of 
 the Forty-second General Assembly (1901) the 
 portion of this tract lying between Madison 
 and Monroe streets, was set apart, under cer- 
 tain conditions, to be used as the site of the 
 John Crerar Library, which will, in all prob- 
 ability, be erected within the next three years. 
 
 SCHOOL PARKS. 
 
 In addition to the larger parks, already enu- 
 merated, to which the Park Boards are mak- 
 ing frequent additions, a plan was set on foot 
 about 1900, for the purpose of establishing 
 playgrounds in connection with various public 
 schools. These remain under control of the 
 City Council, but are managed by a special com- 
 mission consisting of members of the City 
 Council, representatives of the Park Boarda 
 and of the County Board, besides citizens rep- 
 resenting different ))rofessions and classes of 
 liusincss, the object being to secure the aid of 
 l)ractical architects, civil engineers, landscape 
 gardeners and advisers as to sanitary condl- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 669 
 
 tions. The extension of the system is being 
 actively agitated and, at a meeting of the City 
 Council held in October, 1904, authority was 
 granted to purchase 25 playgrounds in addi- 
 tion to the eight or nine already in use. It is 
 claimed that these playgrounds are having a 
 decidedly beneficial effect upon the children in 
 the neighborhoods provided with them. 
 
 OUTER-BELT PARK SYSTEM. 
 On April 21, 1904, an organization was 
 effected of what is known as the "Outer-Belt 
 Park Commission" under authority granted by 
 the Board of Commissioners of Cook County, 
 August 3, 1903. The commission is made up 
 of ten prominent citizens representing the 
 city and county, the Mayor of Chicago and four 
 Aldermen, three members of each Park Com- 
 mission, and four members and the President 
 of the Board of County Commissioners, its 
 object as defined in its constitution being "to 
 devise plans and means, and do all things that 
 may be necessary, to create a system of outer 
 parks and boulevards encircling the city of 
 Chicago," on the ground that such improve- 
 ments are needed for the health and comfort 
 of the people of the city and its suburbs. The 
 scheme contemplated by this commission looks 
 to the establishment of a system of suburban 
 parks on the northern border of the city, along 
 the Des Plaines on the west, in the Calumet 
 region on the south, and eventually possibly 
 along "the Sag" in Palos Township in the south- 
 west. All these localities afford important ad- 
 vantages for improvements of this character, 
 and while the Park Board has but recently 
 effected its organization, it is proposed to 
 take up its labors energetically during 
 the present year. Both the Des Plaines 
 and the Calumet regions are convenient 
 of access from the central portions of 
 the city, and, as the population in these sec- 
 tions becomes more and more congested, the 
 demand for larger breathing places will become 
 more urgent. In support of the argument for 
 an increased park area for the benefit of the 
 citizens of Chicago, it is shown that the city 
 stands nineteenth in a list of principal cities 
 of the United States, in park and reservation 
 areas in proportion to population, the total (in 
 acres) for Chicago, being 3,174 against 12,878 
 for Boston; 8,074 for New York; 3,503 for Phil- 
 adelphia; 2,911 for Washington, D. C, and 
 2,183 for St. Louis. The proportions of popu- 
 
 lation to each acre of park and reservation 
 area for these and other cities are as follows: 
 Los Angeles, Cal., 36.1; Boston, 46.8; Minne- 
 apolis, 153.6; St. Paul, 103.4; New York, 443.9; 
 Philadelphia, 427.8; St. Louis, 320.3; New 
 Orleans, 507.6; Baltimore, 520.4; and Chicago — 
 the largest population in proportion to park 
 area — 702.9 population per acre. In the event 
 that the plans of the Outer-Belt Park Commis- 
 sion are carried into effect, it may be expected 
 that Chicago will ultimately rival Boston in 
 the aggregate of its park area, if not in its 
 proportion as to population. 
 
 NORTH SHORE PARK DISTRICT. 
 
 In addition to the park systems already 
 enumerated, what is known as the North Shore 
 Park District has been organized within the 
 past two years, for the development of a park 
 system in the northern section of the city, 
 but the Board of Commissioners has so far 
 devoted its attention chiefly to the subject of 
 boulevards. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 NOTABLE EVENTS. 
 
 REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION OF 1860 — THE 
 
 CAMP DOUGLAS CONSPIRACY SOME OF ITS 
 
 PRINCIPAL ACTORS EXPOSURE AND DEFEAT — 
 
 THE CONFLAGRATION OF 1871 VAST DESTRUC- 
 TION OF PROPERTY AND HOMES AREA BURNED 
 
 OVER RELIEF MEASURES THE HAYMARKET 
 
 MASSACRE CONVICTION AND PUNISHMENT OF 
 
 THE CONSPIRATORS LABOR STRIKES HEAVY 
 
 LOSSES OF EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYED. 
 
 While Chicago has been the theater of many 
 important and far-reaching events, such as the 
 nomination here, on the 16th day of May, 1860, 
 of the first successful Republican candidate for 
 the Presidency in the person of Abraham Lin- 
 coln, whose election and inauguration proved 
 the forerunner of the attempted secession of 
 eleven Southern States and a four-years' war 
 in the effort to perpetuate negro slavery under 
 the auspices of a "Southern Confederacy," only 
 a few of the more notable of these events can 
 be noticed in a volume of this character. One 
 
670 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 of those deserving special mention in ttiis con- 
 nection, both on account of its importance 
 from a national point of view and its relation 
 to local history, is what is known as the 
 "Camp Douglas Conspiracy." This was a plot 
 entered into early in 1864, by a number of 
 rebel leaders in the South or their agents with 
 confederates connected with certain treasonable 
 organizations in the North, which had for its 
 object the securing by force of the liberation 
 of the rebel prisoners confined in certain North- 
 ern prison-camps, especially those at Chicago, 
 Rock Island, Springfield and Alton in this 
 State. Camp Douglas — from which the plot 
 took its name, in view of the fact that it con- 
 tained a larger number of prisoners than any 
 of the others named and was the center of 
 greatest activity on the part of the conspira- 
 tors — had been established during the first year 
 of the war on an irregular block of ground 
 within the present limits of the city of Chicago 
 between Thirty-first Street and Thirty-third 
 Place, and Cottage Grove and Forest Avenues. 
 This was a part of the ground which had been 
 originally donated to the old University of 
 Chicago, by Senator Stephen A. Douglas, from 
 whom it took its name. Originally established 
 as a camp of instruction for military recruits, 
 soon after the capture of Fort Donelson it was 
 changed into a place of confinement for rebel 
 prisoners of war, and during a part of the year 
 1864, is reputed to have contained as high as 
 12,000 prisoners. At the time the conspiracy 
 was at its height during the summer of 1864, 
 it is estimated that the total number of South- 
 ern prisoners in prison-camps within the State 
 of Illinois was about 26,500, of whom 8,000 
 were in Camp Douglas, 6,000 at Rock Island, 
 7,.500 at Camp Butler (Springfield), and 5,000 
 at Alton. The principal agents on the part of 
 the Confederacy in organizing the conspiracy 
 were three so-called "Peace Commissioners" — 
 .Jacob Thompson (who had been a member of 
 President Ruchanan's cabinet), C. C. Clay, and 
 J. P. Holcoml) — who, having established them- 
 selves in Canada, found means of getting into 
 communication with representatives of secret 
 treasonaljle organizations in the Northern 
 States, especially the organization known, suc- 
 cpHBively and at different periods during the 
 pro(?re«B of the war, as "Knights of the Golden 
 Circle." "American Knights" and "Sons of Lib- 
 erty," and whldi had been especially active In 
 the States of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The 
 
 general management of the affair for Illinois 
 was entrusted by the rebel agents to one Capt. 
 Thomas H. Hines, who established himself at 
 Chicago, where it is is estimated there were at 
 that time 4,000 "Sons of Liberty," and gave his 
 attention to the collection of arms and the dis- 
 tribution of funds. One Charles Walsh was at 
 the head of the movement in Chicago, with 
 confederates scattered throughout this and 
 other States. The scheme not only contem- 
 plated the release of rebel prisoners, but, so 
 far as Chicago was concerned, looked to the 
 seizure of arms and military stores, the looting 
 of banks and finally, if necessary to carrying 
 out the plot, the burning of the city. A draft 
 having been expected during the month of July, 
 the 20th day of that month had been first 
 selected as the date of the uprising. This hav- 
 ing been abandoned, the next date chosen was 
 August 29th — that of the Democratic National 
 Convention, which had found reason for ad- 
 journing over from July 4, the first date chosen 
 for its assembling. It was evidently antici- 
 pated that the crowd of strangers, then expected 
 in the city, would divert suspicion from any 
 unusual gathering of those expected to take 
 part in the affair. Suspicion had been aroused, 
 however, and the forces in charge of Camp 
 Douglas having been strengthened by the addi- 
 tion of a regiment of infantry and a battery of 
 artillery, another postponement of the plot was 
 deemed advisable by the leaders. The third 
 date selected was November 8th, the date of the 
 National election at which Mr. Lincoln was 
 chosen President for his second term. It was 
 expected that the local conspirators would be 
 strongly reinforced by confederates from dif- 
 ferent parts of the State, and that, having 
 released the prisoners from Camp Douglas, the 
 combined force of conspirators and released 
 prisoners — by that time a large army — would 
 proceed to Rock Island, Springfield and Alton, 
 and perform the same feat there. 
 
 By this time the authorities, through the aid 
 of detectives and one or two of the prisoners 
 who had been admitted into the plot, had 
 obtained evidence of what was afoot. At an 
 early hour on the morning of the 7th — the day 
 before the j)lot was to be carried into effect — 
 Gen. Benjamin J. Sweet, who was in command 
 at Camp Douglas, secured the simultaneous 
 arrest of the principal conspirators in their 
 various hiding places, and the scheme was 
 defeated. Almost the only important agent 
 
HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 671 
 
 connected with the local plot who succeeded 
 in evading arrest was Captain Hines, its gen- 
 eral manager. Among those arrested were 
 Charles Walsh, a "Brigadier General" of the 
 "Sons of Liberty," who was furnishing shelter 
 to the leading agents of the conspiracy from 
 abroad, and on whose premises a large quantity 
 of arms and military stores were found. The 
 service rendered by General Sweet in ferreting 
 out and defeating this nefarious conspiracy, 
 won for him the gratitude and admiration of 
 the whole country, and was recognized by the 
 Government in his promotion from the rank 
 of Colonel to that of Brigadier-General and 
 later, by his appointment to various offices 
 under the General Government, one of which 
 was that of Pension Agent at Chicago. — (See 
 "Camp Douglas Conspiracy," "Secret Treason- 
 able Organizations" and "Oen. Benjamin J. 
 Sweet," Hist. Encyc. of 111., Vol. I.) 
 
 THE GREAT CONFLAGRATION OF 1871. 
 
 Undoubtedly the most tragic chapter in Chi- 
 cago history is that which has to deal with the 
 great fire of October 8-9, 1871. The preceding 
 three months had been marked by an almost 
 unprecedented drouth, which had parched vege- 
 tation and reduced wooden structures, then so 
 numerous even in the business portions of the 
 city, to a highly inflammable condition. On 
 Saturday night, October 7th, occurred a fire on 
 the West Side, commencing in the planing mill 
 of Lille & Holmes, at 209 South Canal Street, 
 which would ordinarily have been regarded 
 as extremely disastrous. This destroyed nearly 
 the whole of four blocks of buildings (covering 
 about 27 acres) surrounded by Adams, Clinton 
 and Van Buren Streets and the South Branch. 
 The loss from this fire has been estimated at 
 $1,000,000. 
 
 On the next evening (Sunday, October 8) a 
 fire broke out a little before 9 o'clock in a barn 
 attached to a wooden tenement at 137 De Koven 
 Street, southwest, but only two blocks distant 
 from the district burned over the night before. 
 The premises where the fire began were occu- 
 pied by a family named O'Leary, where a 
 dance had been in progress during the evening, 
 and the story widely accepted has been that 
 the fire was started by the breaking of a kero- 
 sene lamp in the barn while some one was milk- 
 ing a cow, although this was vigorously denied 
 by the O'Learys. Owing to the fatiguing serv- 
 ice which the fire department had rendered the 
 
 night before, according to one report, — although 
 another attributes the cause to over-indulgence 
 of the firemen through the mistaken hospitality 
 of a saloon-keeper after the Saturday evening 
 fire — there was great delay in securing a 
 response from the fire department. In the 
 meantime the fire, aided by a strong wind and 
 the inflammable 'condition of the buildings in 
 the vicinity, was rapidly getting under way and 
 was soon beyond control. In some cases burn- 
 ing brands, carried by the force of the wind, 
 started new fires one or two blocks distant, and 
 in a short time the flames had spread to the 
 heart of the business district on the South Side 
 and the choicest residence portion of the city 
 north of the river. By three o'clock on Mon- 
 day morning the Chamber of Commerce, the 
 Court House, the Postoffice, the principal hotels 
 and many of the largest business houses on the 
 South Side were in ruins, and half an hour 
 later, the water-works station on the North 
 Side was in the same condition, greatly para- 
 lyzing the efforts of the firemen to fight the 
 flames. Although the greatest havoc was 
 wrought during the early hours of the morn- 
 ing, the flre continued its ravages until half 
 past ten o'clock Monday evening — a period of 
 twenty-flve hours — when it practically ceased 
 for want of material to prey upon. The last 
 house destroyed is said to have been that of 
 Dr. John H. Foster, the well known scientist 
 and educator, on Fullerton Avenue where it 
 ends at Lincoln Avenue, then the northern 
 limit of the city and four miles from the place 
 of the starting of the flre. Of the fire apparatus, 
 eight engines, three hose-carts and three hook 
 and ladder trucks had ^to be abandoned and 
 were destroyed. The total area burned over is 
 estimated at 2,124 acres, of which 194 acres 
 were on the West Side, 460 acres on the South 
 Side and 1,470 acres on the North Side. This 
 area extended from Fullerton Avenue on the 
 north to Harrison Street on the south, with an 
 arm extending southwest to De Koven and Jef- 
 ferson Streets in the West Division, and em- 
 bracing the district within these northern and 
 southern limits lying between the lake shore 
 on the east and an irregular western boundary 
 extending at some points nearly to Halsted 
 Street. In the more compactly built portions 
 of both the North and South Divisions, the 
 areas between the North and South Branches 
 of the Chicago River on the west and the lake 
 on the east, were swept clean. The number of 
 
672 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 buildings destroyed has been estimated at 
 17,450, valued with other property at $187,000- 
 000, and leaving 98,000 people homeless. No 
 reliable statement of the actual ,loss of life 
 resulting from the fire has been attainable, but 
 it has been estimated that 250 to 275 persons 
 perished. The total insurance on the property de- 
 stroyed amounted to about $88,000,000, of which, 
 in consequence of the insolvency of many of 
 the insurance companies, only about one-half 
 was recovered. In the area burned over, only two 
 buildings escaped destruction. One of these 
 was the residence of Mahlon D. Ogden, a 
 wooden building in the heart of the North 
 Division, located at North Clark Street and 
 Walton Place on the site now occupied by the 
 Newberry Library, while the other was a grain 
 elevator, known as "Elevator B," belonging to 
 Messrs. Sturges & Buckingham, and located at 
 the junction of the Chicago River and Lake 
 Michigan, near the Randolph Street Station of 
 the Illinois Central Railroad. The preservation 
 of the elevator building was due to the discov- 
 ery of a fire engine in the Illinois Central Rail- 
 road yards, which was awaiting transportation 
 to some other city on Lake Michigan. This 
 was used successfully to extinguish a fire which 
 had already started in a building attached to 
 the elevator. While the further spread of the 
 flames was checked by the exhaustion of 
 material, the fires continued to burn for days 
 in the ruins of some of the larger buildings, 
 and thousands of excursionists came from long 
 distances to gaze upon the ruins which had 
 been left in the wake of one of the most 
 appalling conflagrations in the world's history. 
 Systems of relief for sufferers by the fire 
 were set on foot immediately, not only by the 
 citizens of Chicago who had escaped the dis- 
 aster, but in the principal cities of the country, 
 and even in Europe, especially in England, 
 Germany and France. A Relief and Aid Society 
 composed of prominent citizens, was organ- 
 ized for the purpose of distributing contribu- 
 tions among the needy and, in a report made 
 under date of April 30, 1874, they acknowledged 
 the receipt of $4,820,148, of which $973,897 
 rame from foreign countries, over $500,000 
 coming from England, Scotland and Ireland, 
 $80,000 from Germany and nearly $03,000 from 
 France. Churches and secret societies also 
 acted with great promptness and liberality In 
 aid. not only of their associated organizations, 
 hut for the benefit of the varlo\is classes of 
 
 sufferers. Governor Palmer called the Legis- 
 lature together in special session before the 
 close of the week, with a view to furnishing 
 such relief as might appropriately come from 
 that body. One of the steps taken by the Leg- 
 islature was the passage of an act reimbursing 
 the city for $2,995,340 expended in the deepen- 
 ing of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. 
 
 Relating to the destruction by the fire of 
 public records involving titles to real estate, 
 etc., the late Joseph Kirkland, in connection 
 with a reference, in his "Story of Chicago," to 
 the three abstract firms then doing business in 
 the city, says: 
 
 "It curiously happened that, although the 
 portion of the records saved by each abstract 
 firm was only a portion, yet the part lost 
 by each was saved by another; so that, when 
 combined, the fragments made a total whole 
 and entire, lacking nothing in continuity or 
 completeness. Chase Brothers lost many of 
 their press copies of abstracts. given out, but 
 saved tract indexes, judgment dockets, tax- 
 sales and some volumes of their 'original 
 entries,' Shortall & Hoard lost their record 
 of 'original entries,' but saved tract indexes, 
 judgment dockets, tax sales and some vol- 
 umes of their original entries. Jones & Sel- 
 lers saved all their original entries and let- 
 ter-press copies of abstracts given out." 
 
 The fortunate consequences of this accidental 
 combination of circumstances, has been seen in 
 the avoidance of confusion as to titles of real 
 estate in Chicago and Cook County growing out 
 of the fire. 
 
 The rebuilding of the ruined city began 
 immediately, and its restoration and enlarge- 
 ment within a generation after the most disas- 
 trous calamity that has overtaken any city in 
 modern times, has been one of the marvels of 
 the century. Not only has every vestige of 
 the catastrophe of thirty-three years ago been 
 wiped away, but the ruins of 1871 have given 
 place to a class of structures, in their number, 
 size and magnificence, unsurpassed by those 
 of any other city of its size in this or any other 
 country, and, in population, it has grown, 
 within the same period, from less than 350,000 
 I)eople to nearly 2,000,000, making it the sec- 
 ond city in size in the United States. 
 
 On the afternoon of July 14, 1874, a fire broke 
 out In a two-story frame building at 449 South 
 Clark Street — between Polk and Taylor Streets 
 
#^^ ^. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 673 
 
 and south of the burned district of 1871 — which, 
 before it was subdued, swept as far north as 
 Van Buren Street and east to Michigan Avenue, 
 covering an area of forty-seven acres and 
 destroying property estimated at $2,845,000, of 
 which $2,200,000 was covered by insurance. 
 This fire lasted about eleven hours, and but 
 for the greater disaster of three years before, 
 would have been regarded as a calamity unpar- 
 alleled in the history of the city. 
 
 THE HAYMARKET MASSACRE. 
 
 On the evening of May 4, 1886, occurred what 
 has been handed down in history as the "Hay- 
 market Massacre." This grew out of an assem- 
 blage held in Haymarket Square on the West 
 Side, in the nominal interest of a projected 
 strike for an eight-hour labor-day. A number 
 of professional anarchists, desirous of posing 
 as the champions of labor, had taken advantage 
 of a strike which had been ordered in the 
 McCormick Reaper Works, to call the meeting 
 on the evening named. On the day preceding 
 a collision had occurred at the Reaper Works 
 between a party of strikers and the police, in 
 which six of the former were killed and a large 
 number wounded. This was used by the a,nar- 
 chist agitators as a pretext for issuing an 
 inflammatory circular, summoning the "work- 
 ingmen to arms" and appealing to them to seek 
 "revenge" upon the police, upon the ground that 
 they had played the part of "bloodhounds" at 
 the command of capital, and had been guilty 
 of "killing workingmen because they dared to 
 ask for the shortening of the hours of toil." 
 The appeal was written by August Spies, the 
 editor of an anarchist paper called the 
 "Arbeiter-Zeitung." At the hour named an 
 immense crowd assembled, many being attracted 
 through curiosity. The Mayor — Carter H. Har- 
 rison, Sr. — was present during the early part of 
 the meeting, but the proceedings being more 
 peaceful than had been anticipated, he with- 
 drew. Later the speeches having assumed a 
 more violent and incendiary character, a 
 strong force of police appeared under the com- 
 mand of Inspector Bonfleld, who commanded 
 the peace "in the name of the people of the 
 State," and ordered the crowd to disperse. The 
 answer to this was the hurling of a dynamite 
 bomb among the policeman, followed by an 
 explosion which resulted in the wounding of 
 sixty-seven members of the force, of whom 
 seven died. A number of arrests of suspected 
 
 parties followed, and on June 7th the trial 
 began, twenty-one days being consumed in 
 securing a jury during which 982 veniremen 
 were examined. Judge Joseph E. Gary, still 
 (1904) a Justice of the Superior Court of Cook 
 County, presided, while Julius S. Grinnell, now 
 counsel of the Chicago City Railway Company, 
 officiated as State's Attorney, the trial occupy- 
 ing 62 days, during which 143 witnesses were 
 examined for the prosecution and 79 for the 
 defense. The outcome of the trial was the con- 
 viction of eight persons, of whom seven were 
 sentenced to suffer death and one (Oscar 
 Neebe) to the State's Prison for fifteen years. 
 The names of those sentenced to suffer capi- 
 tally were August Spies, Albert D. Parsons, 
 Adolph Fischer, Louis Engel, Louis Lingg, 
 Samuel Fielden and Justus Schwab. Of these 
 Lingg committed suicide while awaiting execu- 
 tion, by exploding in his mouth a bomb which 
 he had obtained surreptitiously from some 
 sympathizer; the sentences of Fielden and 
 Schwab were commuted by Governor Oglesby 
 to imprisonment for life on their appeal for 
 clemency, supported by the recommendations 
 of the Judge, Prosecuting Attorney and Jury, 
 while Spies, Parsons, Fischer and Engel were 
 executed, Nov. 11, 1887 — eighteen months after 
 the commission of their crime, but not until 
 the proceedings in the lower court had been 
 sustained by the unanimous opinion of the 
 Supreme Court. On June 26, 1893, Fielden, 
 Schwab and Neebe were pardoned by Governor 
 Altgeld in a decree in which he attacked the 
 ruling and acts of the trial court, although the 
 latter has been sustained in a most conspicu- 
 ous manner not only by public sentiment but 
 by the courts of higher jurisdiction. The 
 scene of the "Haymarket Massacre" has been 
 marked by the erection on its site of a statue 
 in commemoration of the policemen whose lives 
 were sacrificed by a murderous plot while in 
 the discharge of their duty. 
 
 STRIKE HISTORY. 
 
 The year 1877 was a period of turmoil and 
 excitement unparalleled in the previous history 
 of the nation, except when the country was 
 engaged in actual war. This condition grew out 
 of "strikes" on the part of labor organizations, 
 beginning with a reduction of wages by some of 
 the railroads, but extending to other employes 
 on grounds of sympathy. While the disturb- 
 ances were widespread, involving nearly every 
 
674 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 important city in tlie Northern States, Chicago 
 was one of the centers of most serious disturb- 
 ance, second only to Pittsburg and Baltimore, 
 where there was heavy destruction of property 
 accompanied by much loss of life. 
 
 The trouble in Chicago began on the night 
 of the 23d of July, following promptly out- 
 breaks by railroad employes at Martinsburg, 
 Va.; Baltimore, Pittsburg, and other Eastern 
 points. The first demonstration in Chicago 
 was made by the switchmen of the Michigan 
 Central Railroad who, on the following morn- 
 ing, visited the employes of other roads and by 
 noon they had brought about a general strike 
 on all the lines except the Chicago & North- 
 western. This was followed a day or two later 
 by a general suspension of business in manufac- 
 tories, rolling mills, lumber yards and work- 
 shops of every variety, and, although the 
 employes of the Northwestern Railroad main- 
 tained that they had no grievance, they were 
 at last compelled to cease work by constant 
 interference and intimidation by the mob. In 
 the meantime the streets, especially in the 
 neighborhood of the railroads and manufactur- 
 ing plants, were thronged by riotous bands of 
 strikers and their friends — the latter, in many 
 cases, being composed of boys and riotous 
 classes who had no other interest in the strike 
 than to bring about a condition of lawlessness 
 that would open the way for the pillaging of 
 stores and other places of business. Although 
 there was much disorder throughout the city, 
 the most serious disturbances occurred in the 
 neighborhood of Halsted Street between Six- 
 teenth and Twenty-second Streets, where fre- 
 quent collisions occurred between the strikers 
 and the police. The turbulent element was held 
 in check somewhat by the fact that Mayor 
 Monroe Heath had taken the precaution to 
 order the saloons throughout the city closed. 
 Besides the police and posses of armed citizens 
 under the command of the peace officers, five 
 regiments of the State militia were called out 
 by authority of the Governor under command 
 of Gen. Torrence, although the First and Sec- 
 ond Regiments were most constantly on duty. 
 Several companies of United States regulars 
 who happened to be passing through the city, 
 were held for several days and rendered effi- 
 cient service in checking the spirit of lawless- 
 ne«8 and protecting life and property. Valuable 
 aid wan rendered the authorities by various 
 volunteer and Independent organizations com- 
 
 posed of business men and other friends of law 
 and order, one of the most effective of these 
 being the Union Veterans, a force composed 
 wholly of old and tried soldiers of the Civil 
 War, under the command of Gen. Reynolds, 
 Col. Owen Stuart, Gen. O. L. Mann and Gen. 
 Martin Beem. On the night of the 25th of 
 July, when the disturbances had reached a 
 most critical stage, it is estimated that 15,000 
 men were under arms in the city of Chicago. 
 In a conflict between the police and a mob at 
 Halsted Street viaduct on the morning of the 
 26th, two persons (one a boy) were killed and, 
 on the afternoon of the same day, five of the 
 rioters were killed at Turner Hall, on West 
 Twelfth Street. In a riot in the evening of the 
 same day, at Sixteenth and Halsted Streets, 
 three soldiers and two policemen were badly 
 wounded and several of the rioters danger- 
 ously hurt. During the progress of the strike 
 women took a prominent part in the parades 
 of the strikers; and, in some of the most vio- 
 lent conflicts, as usual on such occasions, a 
 lawless class who had no immediate connection 
 with the workingmen's organizations were most 
 active in their efforts to stir up strife with the 
 authorities. Friday, July 27th, business began 
 to be resumed, many of the strikers rushed 
 back to secure their old places, and the strike 
 was practically at an end. The organizations 
 reputed to be chiefly represented by the strik- 
 ing element, were then known as the "Working- 
 men's Party," the "Workingmen's International 
 Association" and "Labor League," although the 
 most active spirits came from the ranks of the 
 anarchists and foreign communists who have 
 never failed to avail themselves of a labor 
 strike to promote their lawless ends. During 
 the progress of the strike there were serious 
 disturbances at a number of other points in 
 the State, especially at Peoria, Springfield and 
 Braidwood, the most serious, however, being at 
 East St. Louis, where the passage of railroad 
 trains across the bridge to St. Louis was 
 obstructed for several days; but the prompt and 
 vigorous measures taken by Gov. Cullom finally 
 restored order. 
 
 A record-breaking jieriod in strike history in 
 the city of Chicago came during the year 1886, 
 culminating in the Haymarket riot of May 4th, 
 in which seven policemen lost their lives and 
 sixty others were more or less severely 
 wounded by the explosion of a bomb in their 
 midst by some one professing to be in the 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 675 
 
 interest of a party of striking employes con- 
 nected with the McCormiclt Reaper Worlts. 
 (See "Hayviarket Massacre" in this chapter.) 
 While the year was one of great commotion 
 among labor organizations throughout the 
 country, Chicago was the theater of some of the 
 most stubborn conflicts between labor organiza- 
 tions and employers. According to statistics 
 furnished by the United States Labor Com- 
 mission, the total number of strikes in Illinois 
 for that year was 487, of which 313 were in the 
 city of Chicago. The number of employes 
 affected by the strike in the State was over 
 100,000, while the business establishments 
 involved numbered 1,060. Of these 310 strikes 
 succeeded, 204 were partially successful, and 
 546 ended in failure. The issues between 
 employers and employes during the strike of 
 1886 were largely based on demands of the 
 latter for reduction of hours of employment, 
 with a smaller number for increase of wages 
 and quite a number demanding the concession 
 of both points. A still smaller number were 
 based on resistance to the employment of non- 
 union men and demands for recognition of the 
 union. The loss to employes in wages was esti- 
 mated at $2,524,244, and that of the employers 
 at $2,366,555. Besides these, there were 43 
 lockouts, of which seven succeeded, 30 were 
 partially successful and six were failures. The 
 losses of employers and employes in these cases 
 nearly counterbalanced each other, each aggre- 
 gating about $250,000. 
 
 The third most notable labor disturbance 
 connected with Chicago history, was that of 
 May to July, 1894, growing out of a strike of 
 the employes in the Pullman Palace Car shops. 
 The previous year had been one of considerable 
 commotion, owing to the increasing financial 
 depression and the decline in industrial enter- 
 prises, but the striking element had been held 
 in check somewhat, so far as Chicago was con- 
 cerned, by concessions due to the fact that the 
 Columbian World's Exposition was then in 
 progress. During the summer of 1893 an organ- 
 ization of railroad employes under the name of 
 the "American Railway Union" was formed, 
 and in the following fall the agitation against 
 a threatened reduction in wages became very 
 active. Owing to the growing depression in the 
 car manufacturing industry during the latter 
 part of 1893, The Pullman Company, in Septem- 
 ber of that year, made a reduction in the wages 
 of their employes, and in March and April fol- 
 
 lowing, the latter, who had become dissatisfied 
 with the existing condition of affairs, became 
 members of the Railway Union and submitted 
 to the Company a demand for a restoration of 
 the wages which they had received during the 
 previous year. This having been refused, on 
 May 10, 1894, the local union ordered a strike 
 which went into effect the next day, some three 
 hundred members taking part in it. This was 
 promptly followed by the Company with an 
 order to close the shops, thus throwing out of 
 employment six hundred men who had not pre- 
 viously taken part in the strike. Up to July 3 
 it is claimed that no actual violence or destruc- 
 tion of property by the strikers or their sym- 
 pathizers had taken place, although a sympa- 
 thetic boycott and strike against the handling 
 of Pullman cars by members of the Railway 
 Union was ordered on the 26th of June, which 
 soon extended practically to all the railroad 
 lines entering the city of Chicago. From this 
 time the disorders increased rapidly, and on 
 July 7 the principal officers of the American 
 Railway Union were indicted and placed under 
 arrest for refusing to obey an injunction of the 
 United States Court issued on July 2, prohibit- 
 ing interference with the moving of railroad 
 trains. Meanwhile many scenes of violence 
 were occurring upon the streets and in the 
 vicinity of the railway yards, much property 
 was destroyed and a general paralysis of busi- 
 ness had resulted. So serious had become the 
 situation, the municipal and State authorities 
 proving themselves incapable of holding the 
 lawless element in check, that on July 3 Presi- 
 dent Cleveland issued a proclamation taking 
 notice of the interference with the laws, and 
 instructing the oflScer commanding the United 
 States forces at Fort Sheridan to "move his 
 entire command at once to the city of Chi- 
 cago, there to execute the orders 
 
 and processes of the United States Court, to 
 prevent the obstruction of the United States 
 mails, and generally to enforce the faithful 
 execution of the laws of the United States." 
 Gen. Nelson A. Miles, then in command of 
 this Department, appeared on the scene about 
 noon on July 4, took command in person, and 
 State troops being also ordered upon the 
 ground to assist the civil authorities, the 
 lawless element was finally brought under 
 control, although several days were necessary 
 to bring about a complete restoration of order. 
 According to the report of a commission con- 
 
676 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 sisting of Carroll D. Wright, United States 
 Commissioner of Labor, John D. Kernan, of 
 New York, and N. E. Worthington, of Illinois, 
 to inquire into the causes and facts connected 
 with the controversy between the railroads and 
 their employes, the number of men employed 
 in the preservation of order during the progress 
 of the strike was over 14,000, of which 1,936 
 were United States troops, about 4,000 State 
 militia, about 5,000 Deputy United States Mar- 
 shals, 250 Deputy Sheriffs and a local police 
 force of 3,000. During the same time twelve 
 persons were killed or fatally wounded, and 
 515 arrests were made and a large number 
 indicted by the Grand Jury of the United States 
 Court. One of these was Eugene V. Debs, who 
 had been a leader in organizing the strike, and 
 who was sentenced to imprisonment for a period 
 of six months. Independent of the cost to the 
 city, State and General Governments of restor- 
 ing order, the loss of property and incidental 
 expenses to the railroad corporations, is esti- 
 mated by the same authority at $685,308; loss 
 of earnings sustained by the same corporations, 
 $4,672,916; the loss in wages to 3,100 employes, 
 at Pullman, at $350,000, and that of about 100,- 
 000 employes on the railroads entering Chicago, 
 $1,389,143 — making a total loss of wages 
 amounting to $1,739,000. In this no account is 
 taken of the loss to other branches of business 
 by the general suspension and paralyzation of 
 traffic. 
 
 The following statistics of strike history for 
 a period of twenty years (1881-1900) taken from 
 the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Commis- 
 sioner of Labor for 1901, will furnish a fitting 
 conclusion to this chapter. According to this 
 report, Illinois — and especially the city of Chi- 
 cago — has become the leading strike center in 
 the country, second only at some periods to the 
 city of New York, but in later years taking 
 front rank in cost to both employers and 
 employed. Within the period named, the total 
 number of strikes and lockouts in Chicago has 
 been 1,794, affecting 20,645 business concerns 
 employing 720,000 operatives. The loss to 
 employes in wages during this time is estimated 
 at $41,014,883 and that of employers at $30,698,- 
 194. 
 
 STRIKES OF 1902-1904. 
 
 One of the notable strikes In the history of 
 the country wa« that of the anthracite coal- 
 mlnerB In ihf> fall of 1902. While this did not 
 
 directly involve the labor organizations of Chi- 
 cago, it seriously affected the interests of the 
 people of the city, as it did those of the whole 
 country, in consequence of its effect on the 
 supply of coal needed for local consumption and 
 the consequent advance in prices. 
 
 During 1903 there were numerous strikes by 
 local labor organizations, that of the building- 
 trades and metal-workers unions being probably 
 the most serious, as it paralyzed building opera- 
 tions to a large extent through the whole year. 
 Other strikes which were most stubbornly con- 
 tested were those of the metal-workers, machin- 
 ists and electrical workers in the employ of the 
 Kellogg Switchboard Supply Company, and the 
 Franklin Union Bookbinders and Pressfeeders 
 — both of these being attended with much riot- 
 ing and numerous attacks upon both life and 
 property. The strike of City Railway employes, 
 occurring during the month of November, 1903, 
 was especially noteworthy because of the 
 inconvenience it imposed upon that large pro- 
 portion of the population accustomed to use the 
 cable and trolley-car lines to reach their places 
 of business or regular employment. This also 
 was attended by many acts of violence and 
 some damage to property in consequence of 
 assaults upon non-union conductors, grip and 
 motor-men by the strikers and their sympathiz- 
 ers. A strike by the employes of the Deering 
 Harvester-Works, begun on April 27, 1903, for 
 recognition of the union, ended in practical 
 failure as the strikers were without a grievance. 
 Less important strikes of the year were those 
 of the elevator men and janitors in the large 
 office and flat-buildings; the laundry-workers; 
 and the restaurant employes — the latter being 
 for higher wages and shorter hours. The first 
 of these was settled without material changes 
 or loss to either party; the laundry-workers 
 were temporarily successful, but a few months 
 later prices fell back to the original standard; 
 while the restaurant- waiters' strike ended in 
 absolute failure, a majority of those employed 
 in down-town resturants permanently losing 
 their places. 
 
 The most sensational strike of 1904 was that 
 of the packing house employes, which began 
 July 12, in a demand for uniform wages for the 
 same class of employes in all the packing 
 establishments of the country, with a material 
 advance for unskilled workmen. This included 
 the packing establishments at Chicago, Omaha, 
 St. Louis, Kansas City, Sioux City, Fort Worth. 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 677 
 
 (Texas), and New York. A week after th« 
 strike began an agreement was reached and, 
 two days later (July 21), a portion of the men 
 returned to work, but were immediately called 
 out by the leaders on the ground that the 
 employers were not fulfiling their part of the 
 contract. A few days later an attempt was 
 made to get up a sympathetic strike, but it was 
 only partially successful, there being a wide- 
 spread impression that the striking employes 
 had violated their agreement. On September 
 7 the unions involved voted almost unani- 
 mously to continue the strike, but a day later 
 (September 8) the ofBcials of the order called 
 it off and there was an immediate rush, on the 
 part of the employes, to secure their old places 
 without change of wages. The strike, which 
 lasted 51 days, had affected 50,000 workmen 
 engaged in the different packing industries of 
 the country, of whom 20,000 belonged to the 
 city of Chicago, besides 6,000 connected with 
 other trades. A newspaper estimate of the loss 
 in wages by Chicago employes during the con- 
 tinuance of the strike places the sum at 
 $2,680,000, against which they had received in 
 benefits from other organizations $115,000. The 
 loss to packers in the same time is estimated 
 by the same authority at $6,250,000; to stock- 
 men, $2,750,000; to the Union Stock Yards, 
 $150,000, and to the railroads $550,000, — making 
 a total of $12,380,000. This estimate, while in 
 some respects possibly exaggerated, does not 
 include the loss to the general public in the 
 increased cost of food products, to say nothing 
 of the inconvenience caused by inability to 
 procure supplies while the strike lasted, nor 
 the suffering caused to many of the strikers' 
 families. When it is remembered that the 
 strikers gained no advantage either in the mat- 
 ter of wages or hours of labor, this will take 
 rank as one of the most disastrous strikes in 
 history. 
 
 EARLY NEWSPAPERS OF CHICAGO.— (See 
 Newspapers, Early, Hist. Encyc. of 111., p. 
 398.) 
 
 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, 1893.— 
 (See World's Columbian Exposition, Hist. 
 Encyc. of 111., pp. 600-601.) 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 CHRONOLOGY OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 
 
 Among the more important events in local 
 history may be enumerated the following: 
 
 1803. — Fort Dearborn established. 
 
 1804.^First permanent white settler, John 
 Kinzie, arrives. 
 
 1805. — First Masonic Lodge organized. 
 
 1812. — (June 15) Fort Dearborn Massacre. 
 
 1816. — Fort Dearborn rebuilt. 
 
 1823. — (July 20) First marriage. Dr. Alex- 
 ander Wolcott to Ellen M. Kinzie, celebrated in 
 Chicago. 
 
 1825. — (Sept. 6) Chicago becomes a precinct 
 of Peoria County; (Oct. 9) Isaac McCoy 
 preaches the first Protestant sermon in Chicago. 
 
 1826 — (August 7) First election in Chicago. 
 
 1829. — First ferry established at Lake Street. 
 
 1830. — City surveyed and platted by Canal 
 Commissioners; first bridge across South 
 Branch erected near Randolph Street. 
 
 1831. — (Jan. 15) Cook County created by act 
 of the Legislature; first county roads estab- 
 lished (State Street, Archer Avenue, Madison 
 Street and Ogden Avenue) ; first Methodist class 
 organized; first Postofflce established. 
 
 1832. — First street leading to lake laid out; 
 first bridge over North Branch erected; first 
 Sunday School organized; period of Black 
 Hawk War; visitation of cholera. 
 
 1833. — First Catholic church (May 5) organ- 
 ized; first Presbyterian church (June 26) 
 organized; (August 10) Village Government 
 organized; (Nov. 26) first issue of "Chicago 
 Democrat." 
 
 1834. — First drawbridge across Chicago River 
 constructed at Dearborn Street; first Episcopal 
 service in Chicago. 
 
 1835. — Government Land Office opened at 
 Chicago — James Whitlock, Register, and E. D. 
 Taylor, Receiver; first court-house erected; 
 first fire company (the Pioneer) organized. 
 
 1836. — Work on the Illinois and Michigan 
 Canal inaugurated (July 4) at Bridgeport, Dr. 
 W. B. Egan, delivering the address; Fort Dear- 
 born permanently evacuated; first Odd Fellows' 
 Lodge organized. 
 
 1837. — City incorporated, March 4; first city 
 
678 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 election, March 31; first theatrical entertain- 
 ment. 
 
 1839. — (April 9) First daily paper (the "Chi- 
 cago American") commenced publication; first 
 book printed in Chicago by Stephen F. Gale 
 ("Scammon's Compilation of P^iblic and Gen- 
 eral Laws of Illinois"'). 
 
 1840. — New market-house (corner of State 
 and Lake Streets) opened; bridge across river 
 at Clark Street built. 
 
 1841. — Bridge across river at Wells Street 
 built. 
 
 1842. — First propeller built on Lake Michi- 
 gan; first water-works put in operation; negro 
 sold at auction (Nov. 14). 
 
 1843 — Rush Medical College established; 
 Board of Trade organized. 
 
 1844. — First meat packed for a foreign mar- 
 ket; (April 22) first issue of the "Chicago 
 Daily Journal." 
 
 1845 — First public school building completed 
 and opened. 
 
 1846. — Chicago made a port of entry — first 
 Collector of the Port appointed. 
 
 1846-48. — Mexican War. Chicago furnished 
 two companies (B and K) for the First Regi- 
 ment (Col. John J. Hardin's) Illinois Volun- 
 teers, one company (F) for the Fifth Regi- 
 ment (Col. Newby's), and a number of recruits 
 for the Sixth. 
 
 1847. — River and Harbor Convention held in 
 Chicago; first theater (John B. Rice's) opened. 
 
 1848. — First telegraphic dispatch received at 
 Chicago; Illinois and Michigan Canal opened 
 to La Salle; first grain elevator erected; first 
 regular cattle market established; first railroad 
 (10-mlle section of Galena & Chicago Union) 
 opened. 
 
 1849. — Galena & Chicago Union Railroad 
 opened to Elgin; great flood in the Chicago 
 River. 
 
 1850.— City lighted by gas for first time. 
 
 1852. — First Eastern Railway (Michigan 
 Southern) opened. 
 
 1853.— First Southern Railway (Chicago & 
 Rock Island) opened to Peru; new court house 
 occupied; city water-works put in operation. 
 
 18.05. — (December 28) Main line Illinois Cen- 
 tral Railroad between Chicago and Cairo com- 
 pletf'd. 
 
 1858. — Paid Fire Department organized. 
 
 1859.— Flrnt Street Railroad (State Street 
 lino) opened. 
 
 1860. — Republican National Convention In 
 
 Chicago (May 16) nominated Abraham Lincoln 
 for the Presidency; Steamer Lady Elgin 
 wrecked off Milwaukee (Nov. 7) 297 lives, out 
 of 393 persons on board, lost. 
 
 1861. — (June 3) Senator Stephen A. Douglas 
 dies in Chicago. 
 
 1861-65. — Period of the Civil War; citizens of 
 Chicago and Cook County contributed, in whole 
 or in part, to the organization of 23 regiments 
 of infantry, seven of cavalry, and 11 companies 
 of artillery — number of troops furnished by 
 Cook County, 22,436. 
 
 1864. — Camp Douglas conspiracy exposed. 
 
 1867. — Lake tunnel completed and new water- 
 works system inaugurated. 
 
 1868.— (May 21) Republican National Con- 
 vention at Chicago nominated Gen. U. S. Grant 
 for President and Schuyler Colfax for Vice- 
 President. 
 
 1869. — Park System inaugurated. 
 
 1871.— The Great Fire (October 8-9) 2,024 
 acres burned over; 18,000 buildings destroyed; 
 property loss estimated at $187,000,000. 
 
 1875. — City government reorganized under 
 General Incorporation Act. 
 
 1877. — Great Railroad Strike at Chicago. 
 
 1880. — (June 2) Republican National Con- 
 vention meets in Chicago; James A. Garfield 
 nominated for President June 7. 
 
 1884. — (June 3) Republican National Conven- 
 tion meets in Chicago; James G. Blaine nomi- 
 nated for President and John A. Logan for 
 Vice-President; (July 10) Democratic National 
 Convention in Chicago nominated Grover Cleve- 
 land for President. 
 
 1886. — Haymarket Riot (May 4) growing out 
 of a labor strike begun at the McCormick 
 Reaper Works in February previous; sixty- 
 seven policemen wounded (of whom seven 
 died) by the explosion of a bomb thrown by 
 the rioters. In ^the trials which followed, 
 seven of the leading rioters were condemned 
 to death and one to fifteen years' imprison- 
 ment. Of those condemned to death, one com- 
 mitted suicide, four were executed (Nov. 11, 
 1887) and the sentences of two were commuted 
 to life imprisonment. 
 
 1887.— (October 2) Lincoln Statue unveiled 
 in Lincoln Park. 
 
 1888.— (June 20) Republican National Con- 
 vention in Chicago; Benjamin Harrison nomi- 
 nated for President. 
 
 1889.— (June 29) Hyde Park, Lake Township, 
 Jefferson and Lake View annexed to the city 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 679 
 
 of Chicago; (Nov. 21) phenomenally dark day 
 in Chicago — lights used at noon. 
 
 1890. — University of Chicago endowed by 
 J. D. Rockefeller with gift of $1,600,000. 
 
 1891.— (July 22) Unveiling of Grant Eques- 
 trian statue in Lincoln Park. 
 
 1892. — (September 3) Work on Drainage 
 Canal inaugurated; World's Fair Site dedicated 
 October 21. 
 
 1893. — The World's Columbian Exposition 
 formally opened May 1 — officially closed Oct. 
 30; Mayor Carter Harrison assassinated Octo- 
 ber 27; Gov. Altgeld pardoned the three an- 
 archists connected with the Haymarket Mas- 
 sacre who were serving life terms in the State 
 Penitentiary. 
 
 1900. — Drainage Canal opened for flow of 
 water from Lake Michigan into the Des Plaines 
 and the Illinois Rivers. 
 
 1904.— (June 21-23) Republican National Con- 
 vention held in Chicago, nominating Theodore 
 Roosevelt for President and Charles W. Fair- 
 banks for Vice-President. 
 
 CHAPTER XXL 
 
 OLD SETTLERS' ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS OF CHICAGO'S EARLY SETTLERS — 
 PROBLEMS THET HAD TO MEET — CHICAGO HIS- 
 TORICAL SOCIETY ITS OBJECT, HISTORY AND 
 
 MEMBERSHIP — FIRST OLD SETTLERS' SOCIETY — 
 CAIUMET CLUB OLD SETTLERS' REUNIONS — 
 PIONEERS OF CHICAGO — PIONEERS' SONS AND 
 
 DAUGHTERS' SOCIETY ^LIST OF MEMBERS THE 
 
 SONS OF CHICAGO OLD TIME PRINTERS' ASSO- 
 CIATION OLD SETTLERS' CLUB OF WILLIAMS 
 
 STREET — GERMAN OLD SETTLERS' PICNIC. 
 
 Chicago was peculiarly fortunate in having 
 for its early settlers men of sterling worth and 
 of mental as well as physical ability, who 
 held an abiding faith in their chosen place of 
 abode and labored for its ultimate success. 
 Undaunted by the hardships that naturally 
 beset every initiative effort in establishing a 
 
 home in the wilderness, nerved to repulse the 
 encroachments of Indians, wild animals, and 
 unusually severe winters, they struggled on, 
 each performing the task laid out for him, 
 sustained by an indomitable will that remained 
 steadfast under every discouraging circum- 
 stance. That was the material of which the 
 pioneers of Chicago were made, and by which 
 was rendered possible the Empire City of the 
 West. And these men who, as it were, blazed 
 the way to civilization and all that the word 
 stands for, are most worthy of earnest con- 
 sideration and all the honor that can be 
 accorded them. 
 
 The present generation is only too apt to 
 look upon the city's existing prosperous state 
 with a prejudiced eye, losing sight of the early 
 efforts which made that condition possible. It 
 is prone to overlook the battles waged by its 
 ancestors in laying the foundation of present 
 day prosperity, and to place the credit more to 
 the present than to the past. Through the mist 
 of years it loses sight of the importance of 
 those early struggles that were so productive of 
 good. Once the corner-stone was laid, the 
 underbrush of savagery cleared away, it was a 
 comparatively easy matter to proceed with the 
 task, stupendous as it was at the beginning. 
 
 And now, after the years have winged their 
 way to the past — after the struggles, the con- 
 tentions, the privations, have been relegated to 
 the storage room of their memories — the old 
 settlers have transferred the burden of civili- 
 zation to the shoulders of the younger genera- 
 tion, content in the knowledge that they, 
 themselves, have builded well. But a certain 
 spirit of restlessness, inculcated in youthful 
 days, still makes itself evident, and a longing 
 occasionally comes to live over the past, even 
 though it be only in imagination, to dig up 
 those memories laid away in the mental store- 
 room, and to exchange reminiscences with 
 old-time comrades. That is the incentive that 
 has caused the organization of various old 
 settlers' societies throughout the city. "Youth 
 lives in the future, middle age in the present, 
 old age in the past." And it is only appro- 
 priate that some recognition of these societies, 
 organized to perpetuate a feeling of comrade- 
 ship, the promotion of social life, and more 
 thoroughly to cement the ties that bind the 
 present with the past, should be given some 
 definite as well as permanent form in the city's 
 history. 
 
68o 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 THE CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 When a city has passed its one-hundredth 
 milestone, there is a peculiar interest attached 
 to its early history and the circumstances 
 which have made its present position among the 
 world's leading cities possible. The preserva- 
 tion of early records becomes of paramount 
 importance and the contributions to its pioneer 
 history have a value that will be at once 
 recognized by the historiographer. 
 
 As far back as 1856 the idea of collecting 
 the records of Chicago's local history, as well 
 as the preservation of material relating to the 
 early days and growth of the State, was con- 
 ceived by Rev. William Barry, and it was prin- 
 cipally through his well-directed efforts that 
 the Chicago Historical Society was organized 
 on the 24th of April, 1856. The following 
 oflBcers were at that time elected: William H. 
 Brown, President; William B. Ogden and J. 
 Young Scammon, Vice-Presidents; S. D. Ward, 
 Treasurer; William Barry, Recording Secre- 
 tary; Charles H. Ray, Corresponding Secretary. 
 In addition to the foregoing, the following 
 were the charter members of the Society: 
 Mark Skinner, M. Brayman, George Manierre, 
 John H. Kinzie, J. V. Z. Blaney, Isaac N. 
 Arnold, E. I. Tinkham, J. D. Webster, W. A. 
 Smallwood, 'Van H. Higgins, N. S. Davis, M. D. 
 Ogden, F. Scammon, Ezra B. McCagg, and 
 Luther Haven — a list of most distinguished and 
 influential Chicago ciitzens. . 
 
 The objects of the Society are first, the 
 establishment of a library; second, the collec- 
 tion, into a safe and permanent depository, of 
 manuscripts and documents of historical value; 
 third, to encourage the investigation of aborigi- 
 nal remains; and fourth, to collect and preserve 
 such historical materials as should serve to 
 Illustrate the settlement and growth of Chi- 
 cago. At the time of the destructive fire of 
 1871 the Society occupied a commodious brick 
 building on its present site, at the corner of 
 Dearborn Avenue and Ontario Street, where, 
 under the intelligent management of its Secre- 
 tary, Dr. Barry, had been collected a library 
 of 14,000 volumes and priceless treasures in 
 manuscripts and records, including the Emanci- 
 pation I'roclamatlon, in the handwriting of 
 PffHldent Lincoln and hi.s signature. The dev- 
 astating flames swept everything away. Sub- 
 aequently another building was erected, but it 
 met a similar fate In the conflagration of 1874. 
 
 Undaunted, however, by these repeated dis- 
 asters, the Society's friends once more began 
 the collection of books and material and, in 
 1877, a third building was erected, and the col- 
 lection of valuable documents, books and accu- 
 mulations was resumed, continuing until the 
 quarters had become too small for their proper 
 storage, when it was decided to build a struc- 
 ture more suitable to the demands of the 
 Society. 
 
 In 1896 a magnificent edifice was built — the 
 most perfect fire proof building in the world- — 
 at a cost of $150,000, and it stands today as a 
 monument to the industry, perseverance, and 
 energy of Chicago's citizens. Among the So- 
 ciety's three hundred members are to be found 
 the city's prominent pioneers, who have been 
 identified with Chicago's best interests ever 
 since the days of its struggling infancy. The 
 full list of members follows: 
 
 Levi Z. Leiter, Sarah McClintock, Nettie F. 
 McCormick, Samuel M. Nickerson, Daniel K. 
 Pearsons, Byron L. Smith, John M. Adams, 
 Edwards E. Ayer, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, 
 George M. Bogue, Henry I. Cobb, Richard T. 
 Crane, George L. Dunlap, William W. Farnum, 
 John V. Farwell, Marshall Field, Henry Greene- 
 baum, Henry H. Honore, Charles L. Hutchin- 
 son, Samuel H. Kerfoot, Jr., Joseph Leiter, 
 Jessie B. Lloyd, Frank O. Lowden, Henry C. 
 Lytton, Ezra B. McCagg, Cyrus H. McCormick, 
 Jr., William B. Ogden, Benjamin V. Page, 
 Honore Palmer, William J. Quan, Martin A. 
 Ryerson, Otto L. Schmidt, Catharina O. Seipp, 
 Jesse Spalding, George C. Walker, Elias T. 
 Watkins, Frederick H. Winston, George E. 
 Adams, Charles C. Adsit, Albert Antisdel, 
 Edward D. Appleton, George A. Armour, Ed- 
 ward P. Bailey, Alfred L. Baker, Henry C. 
 Bannard, Frederick Barnard, Charles J. Barnes, 
 Henry Bartholomay, Jr., Adolphus C. Bartlett, 
 Enos M. Barton, William G. Beale, Anita M. 
 Blaine, Edward T. Blair Fred M. Blount, 
 Joseph T. Bowen, J. Harley Bradley, George P. 
 Braun, James C. Brooks, Edward O. Brown, 
 William J. Bryson, Ebenezer Buckingham, John 
 W. Bunn, Augustus H. Burley, Le Grand S. 
 Burton, Augustus A. Carpenter, George B. Car- 
 penter, Kate S. Caruthers, William J. Chalmers, 
 Hobart Chatfield-Taylor, Lewis L. Coburn, Mile 
 L. Coffeen, Charles Colahan, Charles H. Con- 
 over, Charles R. Crane, Charles C. Curtiss, 
 Edward T. Gushing, Nathan S. Davis, Luther M. 
 Dearborn, Charles Dcoring, William Deerlng, 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 68 1 
 
 Annie L. DeKoven, Frederick A. Delano, 
 Thomas Dent, Albert B. Dick, Albert Dickin- 
 son, Arthur Dixon, William F. Dummer, Elliott 
 Durand, Sidney C. Eastman, Max Eberhardt, 
 Augustus N. Eddy, John M. Ewen, Granger Far- 
 well, John V. Farwell, Jr., George H. Fergus, 
 George H. Ferry, Eugene H. Fishburn, Lucius 
 G. Fisher, Walter L. Fisher, Archibald E. Freer, 
 Oliver F. Fuller, William A. Fuller, John J. 
 Glessner, Ralph S. Greenlee, Otto Gresham, 
 Charles F. Gunther, William W. Gurley, David 
 G. Hamilton, George B. Harris, Norman W. 
 Harris, Carter H. Harrison, William P. Harri- 
 son, Frank W. Harvey, Frederick T. Haskell, 
 Franklin H. Head, Wallace Heckman, Harlow 
 N. Higinbotham, Annie M. Hitchcock, John P. 
 Hopkins, Christoph Hotz, Charles H. Hulburd, 
 Robert W. Hunt, William J. Hynes, Samuel 
 Insull, Ralph N. Isham, John F. Jameson, 
 John N. Jewett, David B. Jones, Joseph R. 
 Jones, Thomas D. Jones, Albert Keep, Chaun- 
 cey Keep, William E. Kelley, William D. Ker- 
 foot, Eugene S. Kimball, William W. Kimball, 
 Francis King, John B. Kirk, Herman H. Kohl- 
 saat, George H. Laflin, Bryan Lathrop, Dwight 
 Lawrence, Victor F. Lawson, Albert T. Lay, 
 Thies J. Lefens, Robert T. Lincoln, John B 
 Lord, Harold F. McCormick, Robert H. McCor 
 mick, Robert S. McCormick, Stanley McCor- 
 mick, George A. McKinlock, Franklin Mc 
 Veagh, Lafayette McWilliams, Levy Mayer, 
 George Merryweather, Luther L. Mills, James 
 H. Moore, Fred W. Morgan, Joy Morton, Adolph 
 Moses, Alfred H. Mulliken, Charles H. Mulli- 
 ken, Walter C. Newberry, Jacob Newman, La 
 Verne W. Noyes, John A. Orb, Ferdinand W. 
 Peck, Erskine M. Phelps, Eugene S. Pike, Char- 
 lotte W. Pitkin, Henry H. Porter, Sartell Pren- 
 tice, Norman B. Ream, William H. Rehm, Dan- 
 iel G. Reid, Edward P. Ripley, Robert W. Rolo- 
 son, Maurice Rosenfeld, Harry Rubens, John 
 S. Runnells, Edward L. Ryerson, Harry L. Say- 
 ler, Frederick M. Schmidt, Richard E. Schmidt, 
 Frank H. Scott, Caroline R. G. Scott, John A. 
 Scudder, William C. Seipp, Elizabeth Skinner, 
 Frederika Skinner, Delavan Smith, Frederick 
 
 B. Smith, Orson Smith, John A. Spoor, Albert 
 A. Sprague, Otho S. A. Sprague, Lucretia J. 
 Tilton, Lambert Tree, Charles H. Wacker, 
 Henry H. Walker, William B. Walker, Thomas 
 S. Wallin, Ezra J. Warner, David S. Wegg, John 
 
 C. Welling, Frances S. Willing, John P. Wilson, 
 Frederick S. Winston, John H. Wrenn, Mar- 
 garet M. O'Donoghue, Charles F. Adams, Henry 
 
 W. Blodgett, Isaac Craig, Shelby M. Cullom, 
 Andrew S. Draper, Desire Girouard, William E. 
 McLaren, Charles Rogers, Adlai E. Stevenson, 
 William L. Stone, Jr., Samuel D. Ward, F. Cope 
 Whitehouse, Henry C. L. Anderson, Perry A. 
 Armstrong, George H. Baker, Edmund M. Bar- 
 ton, Oliver, L. Baskin, Hiram W. Beckwith, 
 John H. Beers, Rufus Blanchard, Daniel Bon- 
 bright, Benjamin N. Bond, Henry R. Boss, Ben- 
 jamin L. T. Bourland, Wesley R. Brink, Ed- 
 mund Bruwaert, John H. Burnham, Francis 
 Cantelo, Charles C. Chapman, Francis M. Chap- 
 man, Oscar W. Collet, John W. DePeyster, 
 Charl'es H. G. Douglas, Daniel 0. Drennan, 
 Jacob P. Dunn, Jr., Reuben T. Durrett, Francis 
 A. Eastman, Bernhard Felsenthal, Jacob Fouke, 
 Marian S. Franklin, Asa B. Gardner, Charles 
 Gilpin, Richard A. Gilpin, Edward Goodman 
 Nelly K. Gordon, Samuel A. Green, Ossian 
 Guthrie, William Harden, Robert J. Harmer, 
 Charles Harpel, Henry H. Hill, Adolphus S. 
 Hubbard, William B. Isham, Dwight H. Kelton, 
 William H. Kimball, Henry C. Kinney, George 
 S. Knapp, Edward F. Leonard, Benjamin F. 
 Lewis, John T. Long, Anthony J. Ludlam, David 
 R. McCord, James J. McGovern, Eliza, Meachem, 
 Peter A. Menard, William A. R. Mitchell, Will- 
 iam J. Onahan, Nathan H. Parker, Stephen D, 
 Peet, William H. Perrin, Lily M. Redmond, 
 James A. Rose, Julius Rosenthal, John C. Smith, 
 Perry H. Smith, Jr., John F. Steward, James S. 
 Swearingen, Edward S. Thacher, Reuben G. 
 Thwaites, Caleb B. Tillinghast, George P. Up- 
 ton, Addison Van Name, Thomas A. M. Ward, 
 Townsend Ward, Winslow C. Watson, Albert 
 E. Wells, Garland N. Whistler, Samuel Willard, 
 James G. Wilson, James W. Wood. 
 
 THE FIRST OLD SETTLERS' SOCIETY. 
 
 The organization of the first "Old Settlers' 
 Society" took place before the fire of 1871. It 
 had headquarters in what was then known as 
 Rice's building, and the following constituted 
 its officers: William Jones, President; J. H. 
 Kinzie, Vice-President; G. W. Dole, Treasurer; 
 G. T. Pearson, Secretary. Later John Calhoun 
 was Treasurer. William Jones, the President, 
 was the father of Fernando Jones. Mr. Kinzie 
 and Mr. Dole were ex-Mayors of Chicago, and 
 John Calhoun was the original editor of the 
 
682 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 old "Chicago Democrat." The following account 
 of a meeting held to organize an Old Settlers' 
 Society is from the "Chicago Tribune" of 
 JaJiuary 20, 1871: 
 
 "There have been several spasmodic at- 
 tempts in this city to permanently organize 
 an old settlers' society, but hitherto without 
 success. About three years ago a number 
 of 'Old Folks' put their venerable heads 
 together, but beyond having a good old-fash- 
 ioned festival, and a social reunion, accom- 
 plished nothing. There are several cities 
 where the pioneer residents have permanent 
 organizations, and at the recurrence of each 
 dull winter season they enjoy themselves 
 in real old-time style. Among the prominent 
 societies of this kind is that at Buffalo, where 
 a round of fun, lasting from three to four 
 days, is indulged in in the winter, by old and 
 young, and where all the old fashions worn 
 by the parents and grandparents of the 
 members of the Society, are exhibited to the 
 wondering eyes of the young people. 
 
 "The new movement, begun so auspiciously 
 last evening, looks toward a permanent organ- 
 ization, and as a natural result, plenty of 
 fun, such as the Old Settlers can engage in. 
 Soon we shall have Old Folks' concerts, balls, 
 suppers, etc., and there are plenty of old 
 time people to participate in them. 
 
 "Agreeably to a call in the newspapers a 
 goodly number of Chicago's oldest residents 
 gathered in Parlor No. 1, Tremont House, last 
 evening. Such an assemblage of white and 
 gray-haired men, some with bald crowns glis- 
 tening in the gas-light, has rarely been wit- 
 nessed in these parts. 
 
 "On motion of Hon. John Wentworth, G. S. 
 Hubbard was called to the chair; Mr. Went- 
 worth was made Secretary, and L. P. Hilliard 
 Assistant Secretary. 
 
 "It was suggested that a list of those pres- 
 ent, and who came to Chicago previous to 
 1843, be taken in, and it was found that the 
 following were present, the years preceding 
 their names indicating when they came to 
 Chicago: 1818, G. S. Hubbard; 1825, Joseph 
 Robertson; 1826. W. Marshall, Julius M. War- 
 ren; 1833, Joseph Meeker, Ezekiel Morrison, 
 L. HuRunin, S. B. Cobb, Captain John M. 
 Turner, Dr. J. H. Foster; 1834, Robinson 
 Tripp; 1835. K. K. Jones, J. H. Reea, Tuttle 
 King, Fernando Jones, John C. Haines, S. L. 
 
 Brown, William H. Clark, H. H. Magee, H. P. 
 Murphy, Dr. C. V. Dyer, H. O. Stone, B. K. 
 Rogers, Seth Wadhams, J. K. Murphy; 1836, 
 John Wentworth, L. P. Hillard, A. B. Wheeler, 
 M. L. Satterlee, David FoUansbee, B. W. Ray- 
 mond, L. C. P. Freer, H. L. Stewart, Redmond 
 Prindiville, S. P. Warner, M. C. Stearns, 
 Orrin Sherman; 1837, Matthew Laflin, J. C. 
 Walter, William Wayman, Thomas Hoyne, 
 C. N. Holden, John M. Van Osdel, Peter Page, 
 John Gray; 1838, A. J. Willard, C. R. Vander- 
 cook, H. W. Clark; 1839, Isaac Speer, C. G. 
 Wicker, Henry Fuller, 0. W. Stoughten, John 
 A. Oliver A. W. Gray, N. Scranton, Nat Saw- 
 yer; 1840, R. W. Patterson, M. B. Clancy; 
 1841, George Anderson; 1842, William Blair, 
 O. Lunt, Henry Warrington, William M. 
 Ingalls, J. F. Irwin. 
 
 "On motion of K. K. Jones, the Chairman 
 and Secretaries were appointed a Committee 
 to draft a Constitution, to be presented at a 
 future meeting. On motion of John C. Haines, 
 the meeting adjourned, subject to the call 
 of the Committee on Constitution. It is 
 expected that the next meeting will be held 
 in about two weeks, when the organization 
 will be perfected." 
 
 On February 7, 1871, the following notice was 
 inserted in the newspapers: 
 
 "All residents of the original county of 
 Cook, prior to the adoption of the city char- 
 ter, and all voters of the city of Chicago 
 prior to the first day of January, 1843, are 
 invited to meet at Parlor No. 1, Tremont 
 House, on Thursday evening, Feb. 9, at 7 
 o'clock, to hear the report of the Committee 
 appointed to prepare a Constitution. 
 
 "g. s. hxjbbard, 
 "John Wentworth, 
 "L. P. Hilliard, 
 
 "Committee." 
 
 The Tribune made the following report of the 
 meeting in its issue of February 10: 
 
 "An adjourned and largely attended meet- 
 ing of the Old Settlers of Chicago was held 
 in the ladies' ordinary of the Tremont House 
 last evening. 
 
 "A more venerable assembly has rarely 
 taken place here, and the collection of white, 
 gray, and bald heads was one such as is 
 seldom seen anywhere. G. S. Hubbard, Esq., 
 the oldest settler present, called the meet- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 683 
 
 ing to order, and reported that the Commit- 
 tee on Constitution had examined the Con- 
 stitutions of old settlers' societies in other 
 places, and had prepared one for considera- 
 tion. 
 
 "Hon. John Wentworth read the Constitu- 
 tion, which is, in brief as follows: 
 
 "The name to be the Old Settlers' Society 
 of Chicago. 
 
 "Object. — To cultivate social intercourse, 
 friendship, union, and the collection of and 
 preservation of information. 
 
 "Members to be only residents of Cook 
 County prior to the adoption of the charter 
 of Chicago, and those voters resident in 
 Cook County prior to January 1, 1843. The 
 time may be extended every third year by a 
 vote of three-fourths of the members present 
 at an auuual meeting. 
 
 "Ladies who have been here since 1843 
 are made honorary members. 
 
 "Any members of the Society may register 
 the number of their family as junior mem- 
 bers of the Society. 
 
 "The officers shall be a President, Vice- 
 President, Corresponding Secretary, Treas- 
 urer, and eight Directors (who, with the 
 President, shall constitute a board of nine 
 members), a Recording Secretary, and a His- 
 toriographer, and such others as may be 
 provided for in the by-laws. All the officers 
 shall be elected annually. 
 
 "The duties of the officers are defined at 
 length. The Directors shall meet upon the 
 call of the President, and a majority may 
 call a meeting of the board or society. No 
 debts shall be contracted or bills paid with- 
 out the sanction of the Directors. 
 
 "Four times the amount of the initiation 
 fee paid by an old settler constitutes him a 
 life member. 
 
 "After some discussion a motion of Mr. 
 B. T. Lee to fix the initiation fee at $10 was 
 carried, and then a reconsideration was had. 
 Another colloquy, facetious and sincere in its 
 nature, followed, and the amount necessary 
 for the entrance fee into the Society was 
 fixed at $10. 
 
 "A letter from Hon. Carlile Mason, express- 
 ing a desire to join the Society, was read. 
 He had been a resident of Chicago since 1842. 
 
 "The Constitution was then signed by the 
 following gentlemen: Gurdon S. Hubbard, 
 J. W. Poole, L. Nichols, James A. Marshall, 
 
 Philo Carpenter, Joseph Meeker, Alexander 
 Beaubien, A. D. Taylor, Hibbard Porter, 
 Asahel Pierce, Samuel Wayman, Rev. J. E. 
 Ambrose, Grant Goodrich, Bennet Bailey, J. 
 C. Rue, Alexander Wolcott, Seth Paine, 
 James A. Smith, Tuttle King, Jacob Doney, 
 Cyrenius Beers, M. D. Butterfield, John M. 
 Turner, D. N. Chappell, George Bassett, 
 James Lane, K. K. Jones, Charles V. Dyer, 
 S. L. Brown, James Couch, A. B. Wheeler, 
 William L. Church, Daniel Worthington, A. 
 Follansbee, J. T. Durant, Jacob Morgan, 
 Charles Harding, James M. Hannahs, Elisha 
 B. Lane, A. S. Sherman, Peter Graff, Oren 
 Sherman, W. W. Smith, C. McDonald, John 
 W. Weir, M. B. Smith, L. P. Hilliard, John 
 Wentworth, John Turner, William M. But- 
 ler, L. A. Doolittle, C. B. Sammons, J. B. Hunt, 
 Matthew Laflin, Michael White, N. S. Gush- 
 ing, Eljiah Smith, Darius Knights, William 
 Wayman, J. B. Bridges, Eugene O'Sullivan, 
 John M. Van Osdel, John Gray, Joel C. Wal- 
 ters, N. Goold, James B. Hugunin, Alonzo J. 
 Willard, William B. H. Gray, W. Butterfield, 
 O. L. Lange, Henry Fuller, Isaac Speer, John 
 Oliver, Sydney Sawyer, Edwin Judson, 
 Thomas L. Forrest, Frederick Burcky, 
 Thomas Speer, James Ward, B. W. Thomas, 
 Thomas Hastie. 
 
 "The main object of the Society, as set 
 forth by John Wentworth, who was the prime 
 mover in its organization, was not only the 
 social reunion of old settlers, but the col- 
 lection and formulation of historical facts, 
 which otherwise would pass from remem- 
 brance and be lost. 
 
 "The Society then adjourned, subject to the 
 call of the Committee on Constitution. At 
 the next meeting the officers will be elected 
 and the organization perfected." 
 
 During the following spring and summer 
 months the Society did not accomplish a great 
 deal, either in holding meetings, or in the 
 accumulating of historical information. Then 
 came the all-absorbing fire of October 9, and the 
 Old Settlers' Society, as it was then organized, 
 ceased to exist, giving way to the weightier 
 problem of rebuilding a cremated and wholly 
 dismembered city. 
 
684 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 CALUMET CLUB OLD SETTLERS' REUNION. 
 
 In 1879, interest began again to manifest 
 itself in the welfare of Chicago's old settlers. 
 In that year several of the oldest members 
 of the Calumet Club, which had been organ- 
 ized in 1878, decided to constitute themselves 
 a committee to invite all those citizens who 
 had lived in Chicago prior to 1840, and who 
 were over twenty-one years of age at the time, 
 to attend a reception at the club house. This 
 restriction was found to be necessary at the 
 time on account of the number of people who 
 would be otherwise eligible. At the first recep- 
 tion about eight hundred pioneers attended. 
 
 Arrangements for the first reception were 
 made at the first annual meeting of the Calu- 
 met Club, held May 5, 1879, the motion to 
 that effect being presented by Mr. Joel Walter, 
 seconded by Mr. Charles S. Hutchings. At a 
 special meeting of the Board of Directors of 
 the Club, held on May 10, it was, on motion 
 of Mr. Augustus M. Eddy and seconded by Mr. 
 ■\Villiam Chisholm, resolved that a committee 
 of three, to consist of the Vice-President, Mr. 
 Charles J. Barnes, the Secretary, Mr. Frederick 
 B. Tuttle, and Mr. A. G. Van Schick, be 
 appointed with power to act, to confer with 
 Messrs. Silas B. Cobb, Franklin D. Gray, Mark 
 Kimball, James H. Rees, Marcus Stearns, Fred- 
 erick Tuttle, and Joel C. Walter, and to make 
 all necessary arrangements for the reception 
 to be given the old settlers of Chicago. Invi- 
 tations were at once issued, and on the even- 
 ing of Tuesday, May 27, the settlers of Chicago 
 began to assemble in large numbers at the 
 Club house, which at that time was located at 
 the corner of Michigan Avenue and Eighteenth 
 Street. The members of the Club were there 
 to give them a cordial greeting, and by eight 
 o'clock there was an assemblage of Chicago's 
 pioneers that exceeded In number the expecta^ 
 tions of the most sanguine. 
 
 Mr. Cobb called upon the Rev. Stephen R. 
 Beggs, the oldest living Chicago clergyman, 
 horn In 1801, and who was here in 1831, to 
 make a prayer, after which he was asked to 
 give his experiences in early Chicago. Addi- 
 tional addresses were made by the following 
 pioneers: General Henry Strong, Ex-Chief 
 Justice John Dean Caton, Judge Henry W. 
 nioflgotf, Judge JamoR Grant, Hon. .John Went- 
 worth, Judge Grant Goodrich, J. Young Scam- 
 
 mon, and Lieutenant-Governor William Bross. 
 
 At the close of the last speech the guests 
 were invited into the supper room. After 
 refreshments they returned to the original 
 reception rooms, which had been cleared for 
 dancing. Mr. Mark Beaubien took a position 
 at the head of the rooms with fiddle in hand, 
 and the guests all went forward and shook 
 his hand, as a valued friend of olden times, 
 and congratulated him upon his well-preserved 
 appearance and good spirits. He sang a song, 
 accompanied by his fiddle, in ridicule of Gen- 
 eral Hull's surrender, which he learned at 
 Detroit in 1812. Then he and Gurdon S. Hub- 
 bard indulged in a conversation in the orig- 
 inal Indian tongue, which terminated in their 
 giving a specimen of Indian dancing, to the 
 great merriment of the company. 
 
 Hon. John Wentworth assumed the role of 
 floor manager and, with a voice loud enough 
 for the deafest to hear, called upon Colonel 
 Julius M. Warren to lead Silas B. Cobb to the 
 head of the hall for "Monnie Musk." He called 
 upon all those over seventy-five, all over sixty, 
 all over fifty-five, and all over fifty, and then 
 requested the younger members of the Club 
 to stand back and see how their fathers and 
 grandfathers danced when Mark Beaubein 
 handled the bow. The "Virginia Reel" and 
 several old time favorite dances were after- 
 ward gone through with, and early incidents 
 were recalled and stories told. The settlers 
 then took their leave with many expressions 
 of gratitude, hoping, without reasonably expect- 
 ing, that some day they might all meet again. 
 Their hopes were destined to be realized, for 
 that was the first of a series of annual recep- 
 tions given to the old settlers by the Calumet 
 Club, which continued uninterruptedly until 
 1892. 
 
 Of the old settlers of Chicago prior to 1840 
 who attended the first Calumet Club reception, 
 one hundred and forty-nine registered their 
 names as follows: William H. Adams, James 
 M. Adsit, Isaac N. Arnold, Ezra Batchelor, Ben- 
 net Bailey, Franklin Baker, William A. Bald- 
 win, John Balsley, John Bates, Mark Beaubien, 
 Jerome Beecher, Stephen R. Beggs, S. Sand- 
 ford Blake, Henry W. Blodgett, Levi D. Boone, 
 Jabez K. Botsford, Erastus E. Bowen, James B. 
 Bradwell, Frederick A. Bryan, Arthur G. Bur- 
 ley, Augustus H. Burlcy, James Campbell, 
 Thomas B. Carter, Abel E. Carpenter, I'hllo 
 Carpenter, John Dean Caton, William L. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 685 
 
 Church, Henry W. Clarke, L. J. Clarke, 
 James Couch, Norman Clarke, Silas B. Cobb, 
 Charles Cleaver, Isaac Cook, Bleazer W. 
 Densmore, Calvin De Wolf, Christian B. 
 Dodson, Theodorus Doty, Thomas Drummond, 
 Wiley M. Egan, James F. D. Elliott, Albert 
 C. Ellithorpe, Robert Fergus, Charles Fol- 
 lansbee, Robert Freeman, L. C. Paine Freer, 
 Abram Gale, Stephen F. Gale, Philetus W. 
 Gates, George H. Germain, Samuel H. Gilbert, 
 Grant Goodrich, T. W. Goodrich, Peter Graff, 
 Elihu Granger, Amos Grannis, James Grant, 
 Franklin D. Gray, George M. Gray, John Gray, 
 Joseph H. Gray, William B. H. Gray, Edward 
 H. Hadduck, Philip A. Hall, Polemus D. Ham- 
 ilton, John L. Hauchett, Isaac N. Harmon, John 
 S. Hawley, William Hickling, Van H. Higgins, 
 Lorin P. Hilliard, Samuel Hoard, Charles N. 
 Holden, Dennison Horton, Frederick A. Howe, 
 Alonzo Huntington, Thomas Hoyne, Gurdon S. 
 Hubbard, Nathaniel A. Jones, Michael Kehoe, 
 Jonathan A. Kennicott, Mark Kimball, Martin 
 N. Kimball, Walter Kimball, Tuttle King, H. 
 W. Knickerbocker, Elisha B. Lane, James Lane, 
 William Lock, Horatio G. Loomis, Edward 
 Manierre, James A. Marshall, Alexander Mc- 
 Daniels, John R. Mills, Isaac L. Milliken, Ira 
 Miltimore, Daniel Morrison, Ephraim Morrison, 
 Ezekiel Morrison, James K. Murphy, R. N. 
 Murray, Willard F. Myrick, John Noble, Mahlon 
 D. Ogden, John A. Oliver, A. L. Osborn, Will- 
 iam Osborn, Peter Page, Joseph Peacock, Asahel 
 Pierce, J. W. Poole, Hibbard Porter, William 
 G. Powers, Cornelius Price, John Prindiville, 
 Redmond Prindiville, Benjamin W. Raymond, 
 James H. Rees, Stephen Rexford, James J. 
 Richards, Edward K. Rodgers, George F. Rum- 
 sey, Julien S. Rumsey, M. L. Satterlee, Sidney 
 Sawyer, J. Young Scammon, Willard Scott, Wil- 
 liam H. Scoville, Alanson S. Sherman, Ezra L. 
 Sherman, L. Sherman, Oren Sherman, Mark 
 Skinner, S. Smith, William B. Snowhook, John 
 Sollitt, Marcus C. Stearns, James W. Steele, 
 L. Stewart, S. A. Stubb. 
 
 Many left without knowing a registry was 
 being kept, and some called subsequently and 
 registered. 
 
 This custom of inviting the old settlers to 
 an annual reunion, which had been so auspi- 
 ciously begun, was continued from year to year 
 until 1892, when, for reasons of their own, the 
 Directors of the Club decided not to hold the 
 annual event. In the meantime, however, cir- 
 cumstances had been so shaping themselves 
 
 that, as a direct outcome of the yearly gather- 
 ings at the Calumet Club, the old settlers were 
 to have an organization of their own, and the 
 decision of the Club served to stimulate the 
 plans that had been working in the minds of 
 some of the more active old settlers previously. 
 
 THE PIONEERS OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The old settlers who were accustomed to 
 gather once a year at the Calumet Club were 
 not an organized society. There were merely 
 invited guests of the Club, the only qualifica- 
 tions being that they must have been residents 
 of Chicago qualified to vote in 1840. This 
 formed rather an exclusive coterie, and kept 
 from the gatherings a large number of old 
 residents who laid claim to having grown up 
 with the city from its infancy. 
 
 The Calumet Club had been asked once or 
 twice to alter the qualifications so that more 
 old settlers might attend the receptions, and it 
 had been suggested that the year 1850 should 
 be substituted for 1840. Those members of the 
 Club who had the matter in charge thought 
 differently, and were afraid that the 'recep- 
 tions would become too large. This being the 
 case, something had to be done by which those 
 who were of the opinion that they were entitled 
 to be ranked as old settlers should be able to 
 come together. 
 
 In this emergency Mr. Fernando Jones came 
 to the rescue with a happy thought in the 
 spring of 1890. On May 26th of that year he 
 would complete his seventieth year, and he 
 determined to invite fifty old residents of Chi- 
 cago to dine with him at the Auditorium in 
 celebration of his birthday, and at the same 
 time they would organize a society and retain 
 the fellowship which had existed among them 
 for so many years. A charter was applied for 
 and, on May 22d, four days before the banquet, 
 the charter was granted. It was a merry gath- 
 ering of well-preserved and notable men that 
 assembled in the Auditorium, and after Mr. 
 Jones had been duly congratulated, the business 
 of the evening was laid before the assembled 
 guests. The idea met with hearty co-operation 
 and it was unanimously resolved that a society 
 should be formed, to be known as "The Pio- 
 neers of Chicago." The fifty guests present 
 
686 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 formed the nucleus of this now well known 
 society. 
 
 Two years later, on May 26, 1892, the Chicago 
 Pioneer Society was formally organized at 
 another banquet given by Mr. Jones at the 
 Auditorium, and the following officers were 
 elected: Henry W. Blodgett, President; Fer- 
 nando Jones and James B. Bradwell, Vice-Presi- 
 dents; Amos Grannis, Treasurer; William A. 
 Calhoun, Corresponding Secretary; George H. 
 Fergus, Recording Secretary. 
 
 The by-laws of the Society provide that no 
 citizen of Chicago is eligible for membership 
 until he has been fifty years in Chicago. Con- 
 sequently the Society's membership is limited, 
 but numbers over one hundred and eighty, 
 including twenty-five ladies. Arrangements 
 were made whereby the Society should not 
 die out, even after its founders and original 
 members were no more. To this end associate 
 members were allowed to join, men who had 
 lived nearly the fifty years, and who, having 
 been born in Chicago, were still in the prime 
 of life. 
 
 The object of the Pioneers of Chicago Society 
 is to enable the real old folk to make the 
 acquaintance of the younger class of pioneers. 
 The Society is neither exclusive nor expensive. 
 There are no initiation fees, the expenses being 
 met by voluntary contributions. The candidate 
 for admission to the Society is asked to fill 
 out a blank addressed to the Board of Direc- 
 tors of the Pioneers of Chicago, certifying that 
 he or she had resided in Cook County fifty 
 years, with the additional facts of the date 
 of birth and time of arrival in Chicago. 
 
 At the time of the formation of the Pioneers' 
 Society, notices were sent to all who were con- 
 sidered eligible to membership, and with them 
 information blanks. It was not then deemed 
 advisable to include those old settlers who had 
 been attending the receptions of the Calumet 
 Club, as it was thought the members of that 
 Club might think the Pioneers were encroach- 
 ing on their prerogative and be offended. 
 
 The Ploiipors of Chicago held their first 
 annual reunion and dinner at the Grand Pacific 
 Hotel, May 20, 1892, about two hundred ladies 
 and gentlemen being present. At the same date 
 In each succeeding year the society has held 
 a reunion and banquet, which promises to be 
 repeated for many years to come. 
 
 PIONEERS' SONS AND DAUGHTERS' 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 Inspired by the laudable example of their 
 forefathers to still further perpetuate and keep 
 young in the hearts and minds of generations 
 yet to come, the old time friendships, the early 
 associations, the cherished recollections of pio- 
 neer days, there was organized, in the summer 
 of 1901, still another association, the interest 
 of whose members is directed toward the past 
 rather than the future. 
 
 When the Pioneers of Chicago decided to 
 place the year 1900 as a time limit in which 
 those who desired to join their ranks should 
 be able to qualify, a number of the descend- 
 ants of the old settlers got together for the 
 purpose of devising ways and means whereby 
 they and others might also enter the charmed 
 circle that formed the connecting link between 
 the present and the past. 
 
 In this movement Mr. Frank W. Smith was 
 the leading spirit. For many years Mr. Smith 
 has taken a deep interest in Chicago, and 
 possesses the most complete collection of pic- 
 tures of old Chicago landmarks and historic 
 places in the city. As a result of his earnest 
 efforts to inculcate a feeling of interest among 
 the younger generation, a meeting was held 
 in July, 1901, in Parlor M of the Sherman 
 House, which was attended by the following: 
 Mrs. J. D. C. Whitney, William H. Gale, Fer- 
 nando Jones, George Sinclair, James Sinclair, 
 David Vernon, C. D. Peacock, De Witt H. Curtis. 
 George H. Fergus, John A. Phillips and David 
 E. Bradley. 
 
 In consequence of this gathering the organ- 
 ization now known as the "Chicago Pioneers' 
 Sons and Daughters" was formed, and the fol- 
 lowing oflicers were elected: Frank W. 
 Smith, President; Charles D. Peacock, First 
 Vice-President; David Vernon, Second Vice- 
 President; Samuel H. Kerfoot, Jr., Third Vice- 
 President; Orson Smith, Treasurer; John S. 
 Zimmerman, Corresponding Secretary; George 
 H. Fergus, Recording Secretary; William H. 
 Gale, Historiographer. Directors: David E. 
 Bradley, De Witt H. Curtis, Edward T. Gush- 
 ing, John J. Flanders, Sarah C. Forrest, Reuble 
 M. Outhet, Al))ert G. Lane, Joseph Schlossman, 
 Charles E. Sinclair, Alice J. Whitney. 
 
 The object of the Society Is to renew and 
 
W4caU(M(C/// 
 
 ic£( 
 
 The Cemurv'Puihsluns K 
 
 slung AEiLjrantig Co Chicago 
 
HISTORICAL EN'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 687 
 
 maintain early social relations among the mem- 
 bers, and those who were resident of Chicago 
 as early as 1850, their descendants who have 
 attained the age of thirty-five years, and those 
 who were pupils and teachers of Chicago 
 schools as early as 1860, are eligible to active 
 membership. The husbands and wives of active 
 members may become associate members, en- 
 titled to all the privileges except voting and 
 holding office. The annual meeting is held on 
 the second Tuesday in October. 
 
 The Pioneers' Sons and Daughters rapidly 
 attained popular interest, and as all those who 
 had joined the ranks of the Pioneers of Chi- 
 cago were eligible to membership, the two 
 societies are to a certain extent intermingled 
 and affiliated with one another. The follow- 
 ing is the complete membership of both organ- 
 izations: 
 
 A 
 
 Miss Katherine Arnold, 108 Pine St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. G. E. Adams, N. Clark & Belden Av., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah M. Adams, 467 Warren Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Charles B. Affleld, 1824 Diversey Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Frank O. Affleld, 22 Pine St., New York. 
 
 Mr. John Anderson, 646 Cleveland Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. M. Armstrong, 85 Lincoln Av., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. J. K. Armsby & Sister, Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mr. J. P. Ahles, 287 S. Irving Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Jas. M. Adsit, 400 Dearborn Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. C. Adsit, 222 La Salle St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wm. M. Adams, 566 Washington Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Harvey Akhurst, 4812 Wabash Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Abram Adler, Joliet, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Cyrus P. Albee (widow), Blue Island, 111. 
 
 Mr. James B. Allen, 3410 W. 60th St., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Allen, Mont Clair P. O. 
 
 Mr. Ed. L. Austin, 5723 Cedar St., Austin. 
 
 B 
 
 Mr. Edward Bralnard, Chestnut St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John R. Barker, 2421 Indiana Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. John N. Barker, 5000 Greenwood Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Geo. P. Bay, 6400 Wentworth Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. A. H. Blackall, Randolph St., Chicago. 
 
 Dr. J. N. Banks, E. Church Block, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. George Barry, Wilmette, 111. 
 
 Mr. Hugh Eradshaw, 695 FuUerton St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Frederick Barnard, 46 La Salle St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. David' F. Bremmer, Home Ins. Bldg., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Robert Bremmer, 205 La Salle St., Chicago. 
 
 Hon. Charles Bent, Morrison, 111. 
 
 Mr. A. H. Beardsley, Rosalie Court, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John Burton, Hinsdale, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Benjamin Burton, Aurora, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Cyrus Bentley, Ind. Ave. & 20th St., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. B. A. Bailey, 649 Cleveland Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Babcock, 2701 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John Bailey, Chicago. 
 
 Dr. David Basset, Waukegan, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. W. E. Barnum, 6400 Wright St., Chicago. 
 
 Hon. John L. Beveridge, Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Andrew Blaikie, 417 Center St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. E. S. Blake, 1275 Palmer St., Ravenswood. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. Bickerdike, Elston Ave. & Roscoe St. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. R. J. Bickerdike, 2058 Elston Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. R. F. Bickerdike, W. Ros. St. & Els. Av. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. C. G. Bickerdike, 2077 Elston Av., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. E. Brooks, 804 Pine Grove Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Buckley, 957 Spaulding Av., Chi. 
 
 Maj. & Mrs. E. A. Blodgett, 6415 Wright St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Andrew J. Brown, Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mr. Henry Bowman, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 Hon. A. H. Burley, 254 Dearborn Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. L. A. Budlong, Foster & West'rn Av., Chi. 
 
 Hon. Thomas B. Bryan, Elmhurst, 111. 
 
 Mr. Louis Braunhold, 1729 Diversey, Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Robert Boyd, 111. Trust & Savings Bank, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. C. F. Bass, 149 Lincoln Park Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. H. Brenan, 10O7 West Adams St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Howard C. Bristol, East Tawas, Mich. 
 
 Mr. Edward F. Bishop, Denver, Colo. 
 
 Mr. Lewis Bushnell, 439 W. Randolph St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. W. Beaubien, Dubuque, Iowa. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Bradwell, 3209 S. Park Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Bassett, LaSalle St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Boardman, 2513 Mich. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. H. C. Bradley, cf. 444 N. Clark St., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. C. H. Bradley, Cty. Clks. Off., C. H., Chi. 
 
 Mr. Frank W. Baker, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
 
 Mr. N. S. Bouton, 191 47th St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Walter S. Bogle, 1449 Sheridan Park, 111. 
 
 Mr. Hume R. Buchanan, 5315 Lake Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. F. E. Brown, 6830 Woodlawn Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mary A. Bourke, 3650 Ashland Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. L. N. Barnes, 4012 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Martin Barbe, 3153 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Addison Ballard, 241 53rd St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. N. H. Blatchford, 375 LaSalle Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Jerome Beecher, 241 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. C. T. Boggs (deceased), 5547 Wash. Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. Ira P. Bowen, 218 LaSalle St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wm. A. Bond, 4029 Drexel Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Alice L. Barnard, 2018 N. 103rd St., Longwood. 
 
 Alex Beaubien, 98 S. Whipple St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wm. S. Beaubien, 91 S. Whipple St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Geo. D. Bromell, 496 W. Monroe St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Fred M. Blount, Chicago Nat'l Bank, Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Wm. Blair, 230 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Otto C. Butts, Reaper Block, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Jas. B. Bradwell, 112 Clark St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. H. W. Blodgett, Waukegan, III. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. A. E. Bournique, 51 23d St., Cbicago. 
 
 Mr. Frank M. Barrett, 1304 Wash. Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Fred W. Bryan, 164 LaSalle St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. L. Boyd, 486 42d St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. N. Buschwah, 142 Eugenie St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. A. C. Blayney, 398 40th St., Chicago. 
 
 Hattie J. Blake, 55 20th St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. E. B. Bacon, 596 Cleveland Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Oscar W. Barrett, 785 W. Monroe St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John D. Bangs, 3861 Ellis Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Olaf Benson, 594 Cleveland Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Josephine J. Brabrook, 520 W. Congress St., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. Margaret P. Barker, 824 Wash. Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. S. C. Blake & Sons, 55 20th St., Chicago. 
 
 Miss Josephine Balkman, County Record's Offl., C. H. 
 
 Mr. David E. Bradley (deceased) Evanston, 111. 
 
688 
 
 HISTORICAL EJ^CYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 Dr. Wallace Blanehard, Avenue House, Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Rose Baumstark, 1S9 E. FuUerton Ave. 
 
 Mr. James Bell, Grove, 111. 
 
 Mr. Arthur G. Bennett, Wm. H. Hoyt & Co. 
 
 Mr. Jonathan Brooks, 4912 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Stiles Burton, 229 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Chas. Bowron, Green Bay, Wis. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Arthur Burnham, Reid, Murdock & Co. 
 
 Prof. C. P. Bradley, 1745 Hinman Ave., Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. F. C. S. Calhoun, Oak Park, 111. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Catlin, 481 Belden Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Mary L. C. Clancy, 3244 Vernon Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. B. F. Chase, 3353 Forest Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Thos. Chalmers, 179 Ash'd Bd., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. W. J. Chalmers, Virginia Hotel, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Arthur J. Caton, 1910 Calumet Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. G. H. Campbell, 3334 Rhodes Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. D. W. Clark, 956 Warren Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. R. R. Clark, 1547 N. Halsted St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. W. W. Clark, 1857 W. 22d St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. M. Clark, 2000 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Chas. Cherry, 6530 Monroe Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Flora B. Clark, 5830 Wash. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Clinton Carpenter, 306 Chestnut St., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. G. B. Carpenter, Lake Shore Drive, Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jno. H. Carpenter, 16 Irving PI., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. 0. J. Carpenter, 517 Fulton St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. H. E. Caster, 419 41st St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. Catlin, 5111 Hibbard Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Robert Clark, 3505 Kenmore Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. W. W. Cherry, 436 W. Wash., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. H. B. Chamberlain, 6532 Vincennes, Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Walter F. Cobb, 138 Rush St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. W. Cllngmau, 017 Oglesby Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. R. W. Clifford, 1729 Mich. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Sidney Cooper, 376 Oak St., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Isaac S. Collins, 76 Bellevue Place, Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Isaac Cook, Jr., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. Harrison Cowper, 215 Warren Av., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. C. H. Cowper, 2 W. Madison St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Frank L. Church, 165 Gladys Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. Collier, 361 FuUerton St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Jas. Alex. Clybourn, Eau Claire, Wis. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Peter Cure, Blue Island, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Emma Carter, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Mrs. Henry C. Crittenden, 1658 Brier Place, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. EMtnondson Cooban, 6142 Wallace St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. T. S. Chamberlain, 1668 W. Chicago Ave., Chi. 
 
 Capt. W. A. Calhoun, 1043 Wilcox Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Ira J. Couch, No. 6 Rookery, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jno. T. Casey, 4720 Shields Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John Culver, 64 Wendell St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Leslie Carter, 108 Cass St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Francis T. Colby, 282 Campbell Ave., S. Chicago. 
 
 Mrr M. S. Cbatterton, 2897 Kenmore Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte Miller Crib, Lake Villa, 111. 
 
 Mr. E. T. Gushing, Dearborn & 15th St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. C. W. Cllngman, Carson, PIrle, Scott & Co., Chi. 
 
 Mary P. Cllfl, 425 La Sallo Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. I). B, Cocy, .'',238 MIrhlKan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Stewart Clark. EvanHlon, 111. 
 
 Mr. Daniel W. Clark, People's Gas Co., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. J. V. Clarke, Illbt-rnlan Iliink, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. It Mrs. W. II. fronkey, 03IK East End Ave, Chi. 
 
 Mr. Andrew Cuminlngs, 147 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. H. R. Clissold, Morgan Park, 111. 
 
 Mr. A. J. W. Copelin, 308 Dearborn St, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. R. W. Clifford, 1729 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Robert Clarke, 2022 Indiana Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. M. Crowe, 433 Grand Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. James Cook, 2964 State St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. R. H. Countiss, 3612 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. R. W. Cox, 131 Astor St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. R. Corwith, 1945 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. C. Curtiss, Studebaker Bldg., Chicago. 
 
 Gertrude Cole, 3139 Forest Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. W. N. Campbell, 398 Superior St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Lucien P. Cheney, 444 Dearborn Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. James Chisholm, 536 Orchard St., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Emily A. Chapman, 1239 Wilcox Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. H. J. Cater, Libertyville, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. B. Carter, 499 W. Congress St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Carroll, Majestic Hotel, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. E. D. Clarke, 5432 Lexington Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. G. T. Chacksfield, 941 W. Van Buren St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Fred L. Chase, 128 5th Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Gen. A. L. Chetlain, 1137 Birchwood Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Archibald Clybourn, 135 Seminary Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Rebecca Fetsworth Curth, 6458 Wright Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. De Witt H. Curtis, 409 Wash. Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John R. Daley, 318 High St., Elkhart, Ind. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. A. J. Doyle, 5915 Washington Blvd., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John F. Dony, 96 Hill St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. H. L. Daniels, 81 Lefterts PI., B'klyn,N.Y. 
 
 Mrs. Mary R. Dewey, 5700 Jackson Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John Dennis, 34 St. John's PI., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John S. Dixon, 387 Bissell St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jas. M. Doyle, 203 Wood St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Chas. Hogan Dodson, Geneva, 111. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Duncan, 4047 Indiana Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. M. 0. Downes, 880 Warren Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. E. A. Downs, 7 Lake St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Harvey C. Doty, 88 Austin Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Margaretta K. Donelly, 398 Oak St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wallace De Wolf, Midlothian Club, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. David G. Doty, 486 E. 42d Place, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Erastus D. Doty, 486 E. 42d PI., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. A. Dean, 1 River St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. James B. Dutch, 0637 Parnell Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Dugall, 47 Cedar St., Chicago. 
 
 Dr. N. S. Davis, Jr., 291 Huron St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John Dillon, 5000 Washington Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Julia Knights Duncan, 4728 Evans Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. T. C. Denier, 489 Ashland Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Virginia E. Doty, 5547 Washington Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Fred Dickinson, 97 Board of Trade, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. H. L. Dahl, 634 La Salle Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. H. L. Dupee, 4824 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Albert J. Denlston, 3226 Rhodes Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John Dolese, 184 La Salle St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Dupee, 12 Rookery, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Gayton A. Douglas, 4210Vi. Berkcly Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Dickinson, 1G91 Sheridan Itoad, Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. S. S. Ranalve, 1775 Perry St.. Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Robert Dunk, 324 Hermllnge Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. E. C. Dclane, 172 Ashland Blvd., Clilcago. 
 
 Mr. Richard W. Dodd, 7042 Princeton Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. J. Dorrence, Marquette Club, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Thomas 11. Dunk, Mont Clare P. O. 
 
 Mrs. Edwin Dymond, 3969 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago. 
 
^ 
 
 ^ <^ '?Wair^"ci< 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 689 
 
 E 
 
 Mrs. Zebina Eastman, 1807 Arlington PI., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. S. C. Eastman, 1807 Arlington PI., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. F. Eberhardt, 64th St., Cor. 4, Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. W. S. Edbrooke, 881 W. Oakley Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Frank D. Everett, Highland Park, 111. 
 Mr. Geo. Ebbert, La Salle & Madison Sts., Chicago. 
 Mr. W. H. Ebbert, La Salle & Madison Sts., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Ann Davidson Elsey, 123 York St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Albert E. Ebert, SUte & Polk Sts., Chicago. 
 Mr. Albert D. Elmers, 5330 Ellis Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Wm. M. Egan, 444 Dearborn Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. J. W. Errant, 346 54th St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Frank L. Eastman, Wm. Merigold & Co., Chicago. 
 Col. A. C. Ellithorpe, 939 N. 63d Ave., Mont Clare. 
 Samuel Eugene Egan. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Chas. B. Farwell, 99 Pearson St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jno. V. Farwell, 109 Pearson St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jos. W. Franks, Peoria, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. E. Frankenthal, 3236 Mich. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. L. C. P. Freer & Sisters, 4527 G'nwood Av., Chi. 
 
 Mr. Scott Fergus, San Antonio, Tex. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John B. Fergus, Sheridan Road, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Edw. A. Filkins, 507 Webster Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. B. F. Felix, 555 N. State St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Thos. L. Forrest, 419 Center St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. L. Forrest, La Grange, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Horace S. Foot, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. O. C. Foster, 527 La Salle Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Elisha M. Ford, 1000 Warren Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Archibald Freer, N. Shore Drive, Chicago. 
 
 Aid. & Mrs. Frank D. Fowler, 149 Fulton St., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Lucius G. Fisher, Erie & Cass Sts., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. N. D. Eraser, 1245 Wash. Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 John Q. Fergus, 
 
 Mrs. R. M. Fair, 2222 Calumet Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Miss Fergus, 25 Walton Place, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Conrad Furst, 84 Astor St., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Carrie Clark Foreman, 2022 Ind. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wm. A. Fuller, 2913 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Hy. E. Flsk, 2100 Calumet Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Geo. H. Fergus, 11 S. Water St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Hy. F. Frink, 97 Clark St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. A. C. Fuller, 3226 Rhodes Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. B. Foot, Corn Ex. Nat'l Bank, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John J. Flanders, 1519 Masonic Temple. 
 
 Mr. L. H. Freer, 138 Washington St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Geo. A. Follansbee, 2342 Ind. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. E. Follansbee, 4539 Green w'd Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John A. Farwell, 2506 Mich. Av., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Max Frank, 4516 Drexel Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Sarah P. Forrest, 1043 Wilcox Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Myra Pelker, Glen Ellyn, Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Jno. P. Foss, 447 W. Monroe St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. James Forsyth, 5031 Mad. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. T. M. Garrett, Ontario & Cass, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. F. X. Clock, 5046 5th Ave.,, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. George Gregory, 440 Elm St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. David Goodwillie, Roslin PI., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Dennison F. Graves, 4011 Lake Av., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Ossian Guthrie, Hyde Pk. Hotel, Chi. 
 
 Hon. Walter S. Gurnee, 7 Nassau St., New York. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Warden Guthrie, 2822 Ind. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. George Kirk, Waukegan, Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Henry Graves, 3254 Graves PI., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Henry H. Gage, Borden Blk., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. B. W. Gates, Jr., 650 Els. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. A. J. Gates, 650 Elston Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Horace A. Goodrich, Deming PI., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. L. W. Goodrich, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jacob Gross, 1730 Deming PI., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. W. Gordon, Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Dr. A. W. Gray, 1410 Washington Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Gilmore Reid, 1032 N. Hal. St., Chi. 
 
 Mr. James S. Gibbs, III. Trust & Sav. Bk., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Dennison F. Grover, 4011 Lake Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Edwin O. Gale, 34 Wash. St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. George L. Gray, 2644 Ind. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Lily Gray, 77 53d St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. W. J. Gray, 5238 Cornell Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Geo. P. Geist, 21 Drexel Square, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wm. H. Gale, Mont Clare. 
 
 Mr. Frank N. Gage, 125 Clark St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John E. Gould, 2219 Cot. Grove Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Geo. E. Gerts, 208 Randolph St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. W. H. Gilmore, 217 N. Cen. Park Ave, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. James B. Gallaway, 185 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. S. E. Gross, 1182 N. Lawndale Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Jno. B. George, 3119 Wabash Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Albert W. Giles, Oak Park, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Carolina Giles, Oak Park, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Walter Goodrich, 79 Clark St. 
 
 H 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Walter S. Haines, Rush Med. Col., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Charles J. Haines, Waukegan, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. Harman, Oak Park, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Charles Henrotin, Chicago. 
 
 Dr. & Mrs. Fernand Henrotin, 353 LaSalle Av., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Christopher J. Hess, 4431 Ellis Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Daniel B. Healey, 2700 Lime St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John Healey, 222 42d Place, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. James J. Healey, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. A. A. Heartt, 3219 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Henry B. Hamilton, 115 Dearb'n St., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Henry H. Handy, 4423 Ellis Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Parry Hanna, Traverse City, Mich. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John Hayward; 4739 Kimbark Av., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. William Hansborough, Blue Island, III. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Charles Harpel, 394 Oak St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. James M. Hatch, 610 W. Wash. St., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. Carolina C. Hatch, River Forest, 111. 
 
 Mr. S. A. Hillard, 6 Wabash Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Louis J. Hitz, 211 Monroe St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Thomas C. Hoag, Evanston, III. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. F. A. Howe, 3931 Grand Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jeremiah P. Holt, 3916 Lake Ave., Chi. 
 
 Hon. Francis A. Hoffman, Blmhurst, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Gurdon S. Hubbard, Jr., 115 Mon., Chi. 
 
 Hon. Harvey B. Hurd, Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. James L Houghteling, 27 Banks, Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Virginia Burton Holmes, Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Harriet B. Rossiter Home. 1892 Paulina, Chi. 
 
 Maj. James R. Hayden, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Mrs. J. Sherman Hall, 3701 Sheridan Road, Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Gurdon S. Hubbard, 85 Rush St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. H. Heafford, 4560 Oaken'd Av., Chi. 
 
690 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. F. Hunt, 180 Lake St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. A. Lucas Hunt, ISO Lake St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. E. Hamilton Hunt, ISO Lake St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. D. G. Hamilton, 2929 Mich. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. J. R. Hoxie, 2929 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. B. W. Hutchinson, 400 Walnut Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Helmer, 142S Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Daniel D. Healy. 
 
 Mr. Perry G. Hale, 53S W. Jackson St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. El. K. Hubbard, Middletowu, Conn. 
 
 Mr. C. C. P. Holden, 1837 W. Monroe St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. E. M. Higgins, 2S97 Kenmore Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. Christopher J. Hess, 4431 Ellis Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Holmes Hoge, First National Bank. 
 
 Mr. Arthur J. Howe, 217 LaSalle St., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. E. Hunter, 153 Laflin St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Frank G. Hoyne, 90 21st St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. H. W. Hinsdale, Cham. Com. Safety V'lts, Chi. 
 
 Mr. Chas. M. Home, 70S, 169 Jackson St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Harris, 375 Rookery, Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Harriet H. Hayes, 5832 Rosalie Ct., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wm. P. HlUiard, 59 Clark St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Chas. E. Hyde, 601 Jackson Blvd., Chi. 
 
 Mr. Jno. M. Hubbard, Post Office, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. W. H. Hansborough, 3142 Lake Park Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. Albert J. Hough, 4828 Kenwood Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chas. Hough, 482S Kenwood Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Walter Hough, 6617 Washington Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. A. T. Heminway, 189 LaSalle St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. T. W. Hamill, 517 The Plaza, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wm. H. Holden, 91 Hartford Block, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Hy. E. Hamilton, 115 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Erasmus W. Hills, 115 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Frank Hills, 115 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. E. Burton Holmes, 229 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Jas. H. Heald, 301-172 Washington Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Eliza Gray Howland, 5407 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. A. C. Helm, 11 Board of Trade, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Julius Husted, 429 55th St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Frank Husted, 259 S. Clinton St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Thos. M. Hoyne, 3369 Calumet Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. W. H. Holden, 500 W. Mon. St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Charles Holden, 1841 Wellington Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Dr. P. Hayes, Western Springs, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Louise Boyce Harvey, 116 Oakley Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Eliza O. Harvey, 481 W. Mon. St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Christian Halm, 1148 Hermitage Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Ernest T. Halm, 1148 Hermitage Ave., Chicago. 
 
 MrB. Caroline Hatch, River Forest, 111., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Jas. Harrltk, 103 State St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. E. W. Hoard, Oak Park, 111. 
 
 Miss Eleanor Hunter, 153 Laflin St., Chicago. 
 
 Ez-Ofllcer Geo. W. Hunter, Hyde Park, Chicago. 
 
 Dr. & Mrs. Ralph N. leham, 321 Dparborn Av., Chi. 
 Mrs. Mary Church Ingals, Oak Park, 111. 
 
 Mrs. N. B. Judd, 3522 Calumpt Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Edward J. Judd, 433 Rookory, Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Kugone .M. Jerome, 55 WllllaniB St., Chi. 
 Dr. & MrH. Wm. J. Jolinftlone, 6151 Hal. PI, Chicago. 
 Mr. & MrB. JamoH B. JohnHlone, (11., S. & B.,) Chi. 
 Mr. & Mm. Oliver K. JohnHton, 4.".27 Orecn'd Av., Chi. 
 Mri. Parker A. Jcnka, 3179 .Viclden, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Clarence M. Jacobson, 715 W. Mad., Chi. 
 Mr. Fernando Jones, 1834 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Oliver Jackson, 130 50th St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Wm. Jones, 14 Trades Bldg., Chicago. 
 Mr. Walter S. Joslyn, 803-115 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. M. E. Jennings, 234 Park Ave., Chicago. 
 Mrs. H. L. Jennings, 752 W. Adams St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. A. M. Johnson, 2475 Paulina St., Ravenswood. 
 
 K 
 
 Maj. & Mrs. Ranson Kennicott, 4050 Ellis Ave., Chi. 
 Mrs. Ellen Hamilton Keenon, 117 Dearborn St., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. H. C. Kelley, cor Wash. & Frank., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. George Kettlestrings, Oak Park, 111. 
 Mr. John H. Kedzie, Evanston, III. 
 Mr. & Mrs. C. C. Kohlsaat, 239 Ashland Blvd., Chi. 
 Mr. Joel A. Kinney, Wilmette, 111. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Eugene L. Kimball, 4702 Woodlawn, Chi. 
 Mrs. James B. Kimball, 10 Scott St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. W. W. Kimball, 1801 Prairie Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. Wm. Brown King, Portland, Ore. 
 Mrs. Sarah Ann King, 334 Division St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Frederick J. Knott, 340 S. Blvd., Oak Park, 111. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Stephen C. Knight, S336 Rhodes Av., Chi. 
 Mrs. Arthur M. Kenzie, Riverside, 111. 
 Mr. George S. Kimberly, Barrington, 111. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Kimball, 184 Lincoln Park Blvd., Chi. 
 Mr. Eugene C. Kimball, 4706 Woodlawn Ave., Chi. 
 Mrs. E. D. Kimball, 4828 Kenwood Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Spencer S. Kimbell, 138 Washington St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Chas. B. Kimbell, 140 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Martin N. Kimbell, 1459 Kimball Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. S. H. Kerfoot, Jr., 1012 Chamber Com., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Kennediy, 619 W. Har. St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Emma N. Kitt, 117 S. Wood St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Ada Dorsett Kimball, 4015 Lake Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Hy. Kleinman, Torrence Ave., & 112th St., Chi. 
 Mr. Chas. E. Katz, 1089 Carmen Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. George Hinman Laflin, 1614 Mich. Ave., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Edward F. Lawrence, 57 Lake Shore Drive, Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. David J. Lake, 6133 Mon. Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. A. Tracy Lay, 321 Mich. Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Fred Link, 76 Walton Place, Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. W. Lock, 159 Wood St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Samuel A. Lock, 2556 Wabash Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Long, 82 Ward Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wra. Lowe, 3611 Grand Blvd., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Stella Dyer Loring, 2535 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jno. A. Lloyd, 266 Winchester Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Alexander T. Loyd, 377 Dearborn Av., Chi. 
 Mrs. A. G. Low & Daughter, Norwood Park. 111. 
 Mrs. Mary S. Low, Norwood Park, Chicago. 
 Miss Nina Grey Lunt, Evanston, III. 
 Mr. & Mrs. John Lynch, 44 Burton Place, Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. James A. Lynch, 584 Dearborn Ave., Chi. 
 Mrs. H. D. Lloyd, Wlnnetka, 111. 
 Mrs. Amanda M. Lane, 4.10 W. Adtims St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Albert J. Lane, 430 W. Adams St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. James A. Lawrence, Evanston, III. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Thos. Lynch, 256 Dearborn Ave., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Edward K. Light, Van liuren & Cal. Ave., Chi. 
 Mrs. Sarah Skinner Lake, 1698 Kenmore Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. John H. Leslie, 3344 Rhodes Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Victor F. Lawson, 317 LaSalle Ave., Chicago. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 691 
 
 Mr. John C. Long, 5338 Washington Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Eugene C. Long, 4907 Lake Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Miss Ella Lee, 1403 Dunning St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. A. G. Lester, 5737 Madison Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. L. J. Lewis, 1204 Madison St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. George H. Laflin, 1604 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Sam S. Lock, Wabash Ave. & 26th St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Wm. M. Lock, 159 S. Wood St., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Leslie Lewis, 5606 Madison Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John R. Lindgren, Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mrs. C. E. Lake, 1698 Kenmore Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Peter Lang, 830 Larrabee St., Chicago. 
 
 Dr. Russell Lewis, Oak Park, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Link, 76 Walton Place, Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Margaret Ellis Liscom, Heyworth, 111. 
 
 Alida C. Leavenworth, 594 E. Division St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Andrew J. Meserve, 7130 Wentworth Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. Hy. Martin, Dolese & Shepard Co., Chicago. 
 Mr. J. H. Mather, Norwood Park. 
 Mr. Albert McCalla, 51 22d St., Chicago. 
 Lily I. Martin, 115 Adams St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Clara Perkins Mahoney, 752 W. Adams St., Chi. 
 Mrs. James R, MacKay, 290 Ohio St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. James A. Marshall, 2906 Indiana Ave., Chicago. 
 Mrs. C. R. Matson, 611 Cleveland Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Jno. T. McHall, 865 Blucher St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Geo. H. Merrill, 214 So. Halsted St., Chicago. 
 Mary Hatton Miller, 46 Roslyn Place, Chicago. 
 Mr. John A. Mason, 907 W. Madison St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Geo. Mason, 511 W. Monroe St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Minnie Mason, 448 W. Adams St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. O. P. Mixon. Waukegan, 111. 
 
 M 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Cyrus H. McCormick, Rush St., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. George Manierre, 61 Bellevue PI., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. William Reid Manierre, 365 Sup. St., Chi. 
 Mra. Horatio N. May, 147 Asrtor St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Edward G. Mason, 115 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 Rev. James McGovern, Joliet, 111. 
 Mrs. John McCauley, 750 N. Park Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Henry Will Magee, 7722 Union Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. Frederick Mattern, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 Mrs. Helen Bowman Mather, Wellington, Nev. 
 Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Matteson, 3166 Groveland Av., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Edwards Arthur Metz, 107 22d St., Chi. 
 Mrs. Margaret A. Mitchell. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Washington L. Midler, 303 Pull. Blv., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. John M. Morrison, 5757 Wabash Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. Lorenzo Morrison, 3534 Lake Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. E. Mortimer, 1261 Wash. Blv., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. H. Musham, Fire D., City H., Chi. 
 Mrs. James A. Mulligan. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Benjamin F. Monroe, 4122 Vin. Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Ezra B. McCragg, 67 Cass St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Emily McCarthy, Geneva, 111. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Michael McHale, 375 Bissell St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. W. McKee, 6040 Langley Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. D. L. Morrison, 176 Warren Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Mackenzie, 4919 Vincennes Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Murdock Morrison, 6111 Wabash Av., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Henry W Magee, 806 Fisher Bldg., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. F. Main, 1245 Wash. Blvd., Chicago. 
 Mrs. E. F. Minor, 1245 Washington Blvd., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Henry S. Mann, 4534 Forrestville Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. George Cadogan Morgan, 389 W. Adams St. or 
 
 808 Royal Ins. Bldg., Chicago. 
 Mr. Wm. McEvoy, 52 Racine Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Geo. W. Moser, 400 Maple Ave., Oak Park. 111. 
 The Misses McDonnell, 4211 Lake Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. W. E. McLaughlin, 96 S. Water St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Andre Matterson, Waukegan, 111. 
 Mr. G. T. Manahan, Delavan, Wis. 
 Mrs. Clara S. Mason, Waveland Ave., cor. Pine Grove. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Daniel W. Mills, 135 S. 53d Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Brice A. Miller, 46 Roslyn Place, Chi. 
 Mr. Luther Laflin Mills, 171 LaSalle St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Geo. E. Moulton, 2119 Calumet Ave., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Feeta May MacDonald, 103 State, M. F. Bongus. 
 Mrs. Catherine Manahan, Morris, 111. 
 Dr. Delaskie Miller, 110 Astor St., Chicago. 
 Mr. E. W. Morrison, 113 Madison St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Hy. B. Mason, 115 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 N 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Erastus Nichols, Butte, Mont. 
 
 Mr. Frank Newhall, 131 S. Water St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Jno. L. Norton, Lockport, III. 
 
 Mr. L. D. Norton, Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mr. Chas. L. Norton, Hyde Park Bank. 
 
 Mr. Lavrrence Nelson, Western State Bank, Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Chas. Naramore, 171 S. Sacramento Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. Theron Norton. 
 
 O 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Thomas G. Otis, 4505 Lake Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. Margaret O'Donoghue, 3623 Prairie Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. Oliver, 1541 W. Monroe St., Chi. 
 
 Miss Elizabeth Outhet, Oak Park, 111. 
 
 Mr. John J. O'Neal, 113 Ohio St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. R. M. Outhet, R. 503 188 Madison St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. F. E. Owens, 6241 Kimbark Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Sara E. Oberlander, 332 Wash. Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Jerome B. Osier, 101 Evergreen Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Parker, 966 W. Monroe St., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. G. C. Pearson, Danville, 111. 
 Mr. Milton E. Page, 187 Huron St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Charles L. Page. 217 LaSalle St., Chi. 
 Mr. John C. Patterson, Ashland Block, Chicago. 
 Mr. Raymond Patterson, Chicago Tribune, Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Robert W. Patterson, Tribune, Chicago. 
 Mrs. R. W. Patterson, 1637 Judson Av., E-vanston, 111. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Fred W. Peck, 1824 Mich. Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Clarence I. Peck, 2254 Mich. Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Walter L. Peck, 2254 Michigan Ave., Clii. 
 Mrs. Marion Heald Perkins. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Michael Petrie, 172 Wash. St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Silas Q. Perry, 343 53d St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Arthur W. Penney, Park Ridge, 111. 
 Mr. Thomas B. Penton, 120 Broadway, New York. 
 Mrs. Lucretia Pinney, 4919 Vincennes Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Myron L. Pearce, 2548 Prairie Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. Redmond Prindiville, 457 Elm St., Chicago. 
 Capt. John Prindiville, 388 N. State St., Chicago. 
 Esq. & Mrs. John K. Prindiville. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Abner Price, 2219 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Alexander Price. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. C. D. Peacock, 1713 Indiana Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Stephen G. Pitkin, 224 Schiller St., Chi. 
 Miss Kate Putnam, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
 
692 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Mrs. Mary McWilliams Putnam, Bent. Harbor, Mich. 
 
 Mrs. George M. Pullman, 18th St. & Pra'e Av., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. B. Phillips, Evanston, III. 
 
 Mr. George N. Powell, 958 Sheridan Road, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. F. Powell, Waukegan, 111. 
 
 Mr. Charles E. Peck, 2700 N. Hermitage Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. Robert A. Pinkerton, 71 Sth Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Mr. James W. Porter, Fullerton Ave., N. Clark St. 
 
 Mr. Saml. Polkey, 88 LaSalle St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. William A. Pinkerton, 196 Ashland Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. Chas. Eugene Peltzer, R. 608, 87 Wash. St., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. Mary E. Prescott, 214 Park Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. P>firshing, 3001 Groveland Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John A. Phillips, 614-59 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Richard E. Parker, 5000 Wash. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Chas. A. Palzer, 20 Drexel Square, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Alex Price, 3641 Vernon Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. George Pearce, Marshall Field Wholesale, Chi. 
 
 Mr. M. Pearce, 85 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. James S. Price, 1826 Indiana Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Otto Peltzer, 87 Washington St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Henry E. Parker, 410 Boylston Bldg., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Nelson Parker, Waukegan, III. 
 
 Mr. C. F. Periolat, 1327 Masonic Temple, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Peter Periolat, 1327 Masonic Temple, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John Raber, 2263 State St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jacob Rehm, 589 Dearborn Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. H. Rehm, 537 N. State St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Alex H. Revell, 577 LaSalle Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Hugh Ritchie, 333 Chestnut St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Henry Rhines, 176 Adams St., Chicago. 
 Hon. & Mrs. James P. Root, 5334 Wash. Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Edward K. Rogers, Jr. 
 Mrs. Joseph P. Ross. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Clark Roberts, Jefferson, 111. 
 Mrs. Lucy Davis Rowe, 239 Green'd Av., Evanston. 
 Miss Mary H. Russell, Comp, Office, City Hall, Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Isaac Russell, 888 Carroll Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Daniel J. Rock, 1214 Lill Ave., Chicago. 
 Ellen Kelly Ryan, 92 Park Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. George D. Rumsey, Mon. & Clin., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Richard F. Rendell, 435 Dearborn, Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. C. Raymond, Princeton, N. J. 
 Mrs. Mary Stell Rooks, 355 S. Western Ave., Chi. 
 Mrs. C. A. Reno, 95 Walnut St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. A. W. Rathbone, 212 Monroe St., Chicago. 
 Mr. John Rankin, Oak Park, 111. 
 Mrs. T. N. Rafflngton, 719 Lunt Ave., Rogers Park. 
 Mr. L. C. Roberts, 4098 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Jno. Robertson, 390 Chicago Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Robert W. Robinson, 1851 N. Sacramento, Chi. 
 Mr. E. W. Raworth, 1427 N. Clark St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Geo. D. Rumsey, 607 Division St., Chicago. 
 Mr. John S. Roach, 75 Monroe St., Chicago. 
 Nannio Rosenfleld, 1620 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Julius L. Rosenborg, 3734 Mich. Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. T. A. Randall, 2624 Calumet Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. C. L. Root, 4923 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 Mm. Henrietta B. Ronoy, 252 S. Desplalnes St., Chi. 
 Mrs. Charles Reed, 37 High. Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Mr. F. J. Robinson, Rldgland, 111. 
 
 8 
 Mr. & Mrs. Jonathan RIadc, Ohio & Cass Sts., Chi. 
 Mr. A Mth. M. L. & Geo. Satterh'C, 2704 Mich. Ave., Chi. 
 Mri. M. Cathprlne Sanger, 1729 Prairie Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. DenJ. C. SammonB, Corn Ex. Bk., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Chas. Jacob Sauter, 210 Ran. St., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. George A. Severns, 2819 Mich. Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Charles R. Scales, 114 S. Water St., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. James W. Scott, Mail. Dept., P. 0., CM. 
 Mr. & Mrs. C. H. Saddle, Prairie View, Lake Co., 111. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Dennis J. Swenie. 
 
 Gen. & Mrs. Frank T. Sherman, Waukegan, 111. 
 Mrs. Martha E. Sherman, Evanston, 111. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Austin O. Sexton, 3827 Ind. Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. George Schneider, 2000 Mich., Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Albert P. Snell, 406 Cleveland Ave., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Sears, Kenllworth, 111. 
 Mrs. Charles R. Steel, Waukegan, III. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Orson Smith, 41 Bellevue PI., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. John Stoneham, 134 Walnut St., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. M. Scott, Johnson & 22d St., Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Henry H. Shufeldt, 261 Kinzie St. ,Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. John M. Smyth, 300 W. Adams St., Chi. 
 Mr. Peter Schuttler, W. Mon. & Clin. Sts., Chi. 
 Dr. & Mrs. Ralph E. Starkweather, 115 Dearborn, Chi. 
 Mr. & Mrs. W. W. Strong, 453 Wash. Blvd., Chi. 
 Mr. and Mrs. B. W. Thomas, 1842 Ind. Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. and Mrs. William C. Seipp. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Benj. F. Schnell, 1088 N. West. Av., Chi. 
 Hon. Alson Smith Sherman, Waukegan, III. 
 Miss Sherman Waukegan, 111. 
 Mrs. Harriet Sayre, Mont Clare Sta., Chicago. 
 Mr. E. H. Smalley, 1477 Kimball Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. W. Spoftord, 1520 Wash. Blvd., Chi 
 Miss Fanny A. Speer, 3642 Indiana Ave., Chicago. 
 Miss Jos. C. Snow, 987 N. Leavitt St., Chicago. 
 Mrs. Wm. H. Stone, 3438 Rhodes Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. H. O. Stone, 4924 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Wm. Chas. Scupham, Homewood, Cook Co., 111. 
 Mrs. Emma Sinclair, 7449 Eggleston Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Jas. E. Slocum, 5139 Madison Ave., Chicago. 
 Miss Valentine Smith, 288 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. F^ank W. Staples, 11 Fifth Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. D. C. Schnell, 407 W. Randolph St., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. Fred Schapper, Blue Island, 111. 
 Mrs. John Stell, 3226 L,ake Park Ave., Chicago. 
 Hattle Gray Sherman, 3324 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago 
 Mr. E. A. Shedd, 3812 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. C. B. Shedd, 3812 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. G. V. Smith, 352 S. Marshfield, Chicago. 
 Mr. Fred A. Smith, Clark & Madison Sts., Chicago. 
 Mr. Wm. H. Spear, 97 51st St., Chicago. 
 Miss Belle Smith, 239 Ashland Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Chas. H. Smith, 171 Jackson St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Jos. Schlossman, M. O. Dept., P. O. 
 Mr. W. W. Sammons, Com. Exch. Nat. Bank, Chi. 
 Mr. E. H. Sammons, 3112 S. Park Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. La Grand Smith, 410 Chicago Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Geo. Sinclair, 3755 Wabash Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Jas. C. Sinclair, 3252 S. Park Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Chas. Sinclair, 1491 Perry St., Chicago. 
 Mr. D. J. Swenie, 524 W. Jackson St., Chicago. 
 Mr. C. J. Stambaugh, 52 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Ed. G. Shumway, 4549 Ellis Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. & Mrs. C. B. Shourds, 108 K. 45th St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Solomon J. Stebblngs, 7351 Princeton Ave., Chi. 
 Mrs. Rmlly W. Stevens, 124 Ashland Blk., Chicago. 
 Mr. John C. Sampson, 710 Taroinn lildg., Chicago. 
 Mr. Chas. E. Scharlau, 59 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 Mr. Wm. F. Scharlau, 384 N. Paulina St., Chicago. 
 John & Wm. Swency, Mil. Ave. & Delmont St., Chi. 
 Mr. Chas. R. StaufTer, 4168 Drexel Blvd., Chicago. 
 Mr. F. W. Smith, Corn Exch. Nat. Bank, Chicago. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 693 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. B. W. Thomas, 1842 Ind. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. F. F. Thwing, 4838 Evans Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Samuel H. Talmage, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Mr. H. P. Talbott, 241 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Judge & Mrs. Lamb't Tree, Ontario & Cass Sts., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. L. G. Titus, 1238 N. Clark St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Fred'k B. Tuttle, 2022 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Laurin H. Turner, 4915 Wash. Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. Turner, Addison & Lincoln Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. John S. Turner, 109 Duane St., New York. 
 
 Mrs. Carrie Ferguson Turner, 3601 Ellis Park, Chi. 
 
 Mr. A. S. Tyler, 88 Randolph St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. A. D. Taylor, Glencoe, 111. 
 
 Annie E. Trimmingham, 5239 Cornell Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. F. K. Tracy, 545 W. Jackson, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John Tyrrell, Kenilworth, 111. 
 
 Mrs. C. O. Tower, 743 Jackson Blvd., Chicago. 
 
 Henry Turner, Esq., 420 Belden Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Miller Thayer, 184 Norwood Place, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. W. E. S. TrowbridJge, Downer's Grove, 111. 
 
 U 
 
 Mrs. B. W. Underwood, 3004 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 Mr. Chas. Updike (deceased), 137 Rlalto Bldg., Chi. 
 Mr. Henry E. Updike, 137 Rialto Bldg., Chicago. 
 Mr. S. L. Underwood, 5327 Cornell Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. F. A. Winkelman, 387 Warren Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Chas. F. Whitmarsh, Austin, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. John H. Wltbeck, 2841 Mich. Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. Lizzie Hoyne Williams, 3253 Forest Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Aug. W. Wright, Monadnock Elk., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Edward J. Whitehead, Austin, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. H. Whitehead, Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hempstead Washburne. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Wygaut, 131 Park Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Alonzo Wygant, 537 W. Jackson, Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Esther Wardlow, 5330 Greenwood Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Julie Beaubien Waite, 173 Walnut St., Chicago. 
 
 Rev. Edw. F. Williams, 70 N. Clinton St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Henry J. Willing, 100 Rush St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. A. Wemple, 3409 63d Place, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Lorenz Walter, Roscoe St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. F. Ward, 1725 Hinman Ave., Evanston. 
 
 Mr. Chas. J. Waller, Evanston, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Alice J. Whitney, 453 Belden Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Wait, 124 Ashland Blvd., Chi. 
 
 Miss A. E. Winchill, 133 E. Circle, Norwood Pk., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. Sylvia E. Walker, Hinsdale, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. F. E. Walker, 4454 Woodlawn Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mrs. David Wylie, 524 Orchard St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. John D. Walsh, Mont Clare, 111. 
 
 Mr. Silas B. Watson, 311 S. Robey St., Chicago. 
 
 Carrie Adslt Wheeler (C. C. Adsit), 224 La Salle, Chi. 
 
 Mr. Geo. W. Waite, La Grange, 111. 
 
 Mr. Jno. M. Van Nortwick, Appleton, Wis. 
 
 Mr. Wm. M. Van Nortwick, Batavia, 111. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. Van Sant, 833 W. Monroe St., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. C. Vaughan, 6048 Jefferson Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. E. Vreeland (Englewood), Chicago, 111. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Vial, 444 Fifth Ave., La Grange, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Amy G. Van Horn, 1491 Perry St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. David! Vernon, Com. Nat. Bank, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Henry R. Vandercook, 4153 Berkeley Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. C. R. Vandercook, 213 S. Park Ave., Austin, 111. 
 
 Mr. John Vernon. 
 
 Mr. W. Vernon. 
 
 W 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Charles B. Waite, 168 53d St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Campbell W. Waite, 168 53d St., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. N W. Watson, 174 Millard Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. R. J. Washke, 2339 Calumet Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Wm. B. Walker, 2027 Prairie Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. C. Walker, 228 Mich. Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Judson Wells, 3366 South Park Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. James B. Wayman. 
 
 Mrs. John W. Wauhop, 2457 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mrs. James Wallace, 3551 Ellis Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Henry Warrington, 127 Park Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. F. H. Waite, 5141 Madison Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Marshall Wait. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Orrin Warner, 
 
 Mrs. Roxana Lowe Warner, 3611 Grandi Blvd., Chi. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. S. Wheeler, Waukegan, III. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Wheeler. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wheeler. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. L. D. Webster, 386 Dearborn Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Wheeler. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. A. J. Weckler, 435 Evanston Ave., Chi. 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. Stephen W. Wheeler, 6804 Yale, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. H. H. Yates, 2897 Kenmore Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Z 
 
 Mr. John S. Zimmerman, 132 Park Ave., Chicago. 
 
 PIONEERS' SONS & DAUGHTERS' SOCIETY. 
 The Sons of Chica(;o is the title of an asso- 
 ciation composed of the sons of old settlers of 
 Chicago, or those who had attended the public 
 schools of the city, organized in 1894, the first 
 president being Thomas H. Cannon, followed 
 by Charles E. Kotz and William Bollard. Their 
 meetings were attended by many of the old 
 pioneers — both ladies and gentlemen — who 
 thus sought to encourage the boys and add 
 interest to the occasion. The exercises included 
 addresses by the old Pioneers and Sons of Chi- 
 cago; the presentation of gold medals to the 
 oldest son and oldest daughter whose parents 
 were born in Chicago; a fat men's race, open 
 to all over 200 pounds, the distance being 300 
 feet and the prize a fine silk umbrella; an 
 old-fashioned game of baseball — prize, bat and 
 ball; ladies' race, open to all between 15 and 
 25 years — prize, a gold ring; old-fashioned 
 game of football — prize, a ball; egg race, open 
 to ladies of 15 to 18 years — distance 300 feet — 
 prize, a beautiful fan; the exercises being 
 interspersed with dancing, games, speech-mak- 
 
694 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ing and a general good time. The following 
 •were members of the principal committees at 
 the first meeting: 
 
 Executive Committee — William Dollard, Wil- 
 liam S. Beaubien, Philip Jackson, John G. 
 Neumeister, John S. Cooper, M. S. Musham, C. 
 S. Periolet, John F. Doney, Val. Schmitt, 
 Henry Best, John S. Burke, Paul Dassa, A. J. 
 Thaler, Charles E. Kotz and Frank Kettinger, 
 Jr. 
 
 Reception Committee — William Dollard, Nic. 
 Reis, Alex. Beaubien, J. L. Veit, Louis Haase, 
 James J. Tobin, John Davis, Robert Beygeh, 
 Thomas J. Finucane, Edward Houseman, John 
 B. Casey, Ed. Tague, Henry Clybourn, Phillip 
 Kastler, Clarke E. Rolfe, Jacob Schnur, George 
 Ludwig, William Burke, James Connolley, 
 Thomas Cannon, John P. Rafferty and John 
 Best. 
 
 THE OLD-TIME PRINTERS' ASSOCIATION. 
 
 When a little band of printers who had grown 
 gray in the service — who had learned their 
 cases when Chicago was still in the struggling 
 years of its infancy — met one blustering day in 
 March, 1885, to promote a feeling of sociabil- 
 ity and good fellowship, they little anticipated 
 they would be parties to so successful a christ- 
 ening. The organization, however, was not 
 completed until March 21, 1886, when a num- 
 ber of old-time printers assembled in the club 
 room of the Sherman House and formed a per- 
 manent association. It was chartered as a 
 corporation under the laws of the State of Illi- 
 nois May 23, 1896. 
 
 The object of the association is to promote 
 a feeling of sociability and good fellowship 
 among the pioneer printers of Chicago, but at 
 the same time its members will encourage and 
 assist one another in efforts to better their 
 condition. It also provides for an annual 
 reunion on January 17 (Franklin's birthday), 
 or on other occasions of such a nature as may 
 be determined upon by the members. The 
 aasofiatlon Is composed of printers who have 
 been engaged in the printing or publishing 
 business, as employer or employe, twenty-five 
 years or more in Chicago previous to their 
 application. Contlnuo\is residence in the city 
 or employment at the business is not required. 
 The regular meetings of the association are 
 
 held quarterly on the second Sundays in Jan- 
 uary, April, July and October. 
 
 The following comprised the charter mem- 
 bers: J. S. Thompson, J. R. Daly, John 
 Buckie, C. B. Langley, A. J. (Jetzler, J. L. Ban 
 croft, John Gordon, S. Davis, S. E. Pinta, Sam 
 uel Rastali, A. C. Cameron, C. F. Sheldon 
 John Anderson, J. C. Burroughs, James Hyde, 
 M. J. Kearns, J. A. Van Duzer, William McEvoy 
 M. J. Carroll, A. McCutcheon. At the first reg 
 ular quarterly meeting, held in the reading 
 room of the Sherman House on April 24, 1886, 
 these oflJcers were elected: J. A. Thompson, 
 President; D. Oliphant, Vice-President; A. C. 
 Cameron, Secretary and Treasurer. Directors: 
 John Anderson, W. A. Hornish, J. Camberg, 
 A. McNally, J. S. Thompson, A. C. Cameron, 
 John Buckie, J. S. Rastali, D. Oliphant and 
 
 A. McCutcheon. At this meeting Hon. John 
 Wentworth was present and addressed the 
 members, narrating in an interesting manner 
 some of his experiences with the craft in the 
 days gone by, and concluded by congratulating 
 the association on the steps it had taken and 
 wishing it abundant success. He was then 
 elected an honorary member of the association. 
 
 The first banquet of the association was held 
 at the Matteson House on January 17, 1887. 
 This hotel had an interesting history. It was 
 at that time a five-story brick building, located 
 at the corner of Lake and Dearborn streets, 
 and for a long time a city landmark. In 1836 
 the lot on which it stood was sold by Dr. W. 
 
 B. Egan to John H. Hodgson for $1,000 and a 
 suit of clothes. The latter, with others, built 
 the Baltic House, which was burned in 1849. 
 In 1850 Joel A. Matteson, who subsequently 
 became governor, bought the land, paying for it 
 $9,000, and erected the hotel bearing his name. 
 After passing into various other hands it was 
 finally, on March 5, 1866, sold at auction for 
 $130,000. 
 
 At this first banquet addresses were made by 
 J. H. McVicker, Governor William Bross, Mark 
 L. Crawford and A. H. McLaughlin. Governor 
 Bross pictured the busy life of the old-time 
 editor when he was his own canvasser for 
 subscribers, his own collector of doubtful bills, 
 and general collector of such items of local 
 importance as could be turned in for the day's 
 news. Messrs. Crawford and McLaughlin gave 
 the printers' end in a manner to gratify their 
 brethren of the craft, and the entire affair was 
 voted a success. 
 
HISTORICAL EN'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 695 
 
 The second celebration was held at Kinsley's, 
 with Major Calkins, editor of the Evening 
 Journal, as orator of the occasion. At subse- 
 quent banquets addresses were made by the 
 following printers, editors and men of public 
 lenown: Mayor Carter H. Harrison, Sr., Wil- 
 liam Penn Nixon, John McGovern, R. W. Pat- 
 terson, James W. Scott, Washington Hesing, 
 Martin J. Russell, Moses P. Handy, H. H. 
 Kohlsaat, M. H. Madden, Hon. William J. 
 Haines, Dr. Thomas, Paul Hull, Joseph Medill, 
 F. K. Tracy, Judge John Barton Paine, Francis 
 W. Walker, Colonel N. A. Reed, Rev. J. A. 
 Brushingham, Hon. W. J. Calhoun, Luther 
 Laflin Mills, A. H. Brown and Judge Holdom. 
 
 On June 6, 1896, a statue of Benjamin Frank- 
 lin was unveiled in Lincoln Park under the 
 auspices of the Old-Time Printers' Association. 
 The statue was a gift from Mr. Joseph Medill, 
 of the Chicago Tribune, and the occasion was 
 made notable by appropriate exercises and elo- 
 quent addresses by Mr. Medill, M. J. Carroll, 
 Conrad Kahler, William Penn Nixon, H. D. 
 Estabrook and P. F. Pettibone. 
 
 One of the pleasant features of the associa- 
 tion is the annual picnic which is held in Sep- 
 tember of each year at Humboldt Park. On 
 this occasion all the old-time printers, accom- 
 panied by their wives and children, take a day 
 off and enjoy themselves under the trees. 
 Games, refreshments and contests by young 
 and old enliven the occasion. 
 
 The following is a list of members: John 
 Anderson, Ephraim Abbott, Standish Acres, A. 
 B. Adair, George S. Affolter, Richard Barlow, 
 Frank Beck, Charles F. Blakeley, Thomas E. 
 Billings, Joseph Bichl, James A. Bond, Charles 
 N. Bond, Henry R. Boss, T. D. Brock, A. H. 
 Brown, Garrett Burns, John S. Burke, P. J. 
 Cahill, John Canty, M. J. Carroll, Thomas Car- 
 roll, Joseph Carolan, D. W. Clark, Charles E. 
 Cobb, D. F. Considine, J. R. Courson, M. L. 
 Crawford, John R. Daly, Thomas Day, Paul 
 De Brule, William E. Dennis, S. M. Dickson, 
 .L M. Edson, Thomas N. Ellis, J. M. Farquhar, 
 T. H. Falkner, W. H. Faul, R. M. Figg, A. L. 
 Fyfe, James Garner, Isaac D. George, E. T. Gil- 
 bert, John Gordon, James Gunthorp, William 
 Hack, John Halloran, W. H. Hawes, James 
 Hayde, John F. Higgins, Frank B. Howard, 
 Fred Hull, W. A. Hutchinson, J. B. Hutchinson, 
 D. J. Hynes, C. M. Jacobus, J. R. Jessup, Nels 
 Johnson, Fred Johnson, Michael Kearns, John 
 P. Keefe, D. C. Kelley, William Kennedy, 
 
 Edward Kerrott, Martin Knowles, F. Kohl- 
 becker, C. B. Langley, J. W. Langston, J. 
 Lauth, James L. Lee, W. N. Lewis, F. M. Leyda, 
 Van J. Lyman, M. H. Madden, John Mangan, 
 William Mill, Charles M. Moore, W. F. Mor- 
 rison, John C. McBean, John McCaffrey, Wil- 
 liam S. McClevey, J. H. McConnell, William 
 McEvoy, John McGovern, A. H. McLaughlin, J. 
 A. McNamara, Sam D. McNeal, William Nichol- 
 son, Sam K. Parker, W. J. Parsons, O. H. Perry, 
 C. H. Philbrick, William Pigott, Samuel E. 
 Pinta, Frank M. Powel, M. C. Pringle, Samuel 
 Rastall, N. A. Reed, James L. Regan, Frank 
 Ross, James Schock, C. F. Sheldon, L. C. Shep- 
 ard, H. D. Smith, John M. Smyth, Joseph C. 
 Snow, Peter Splithoff, J. B. Stranger, John B. 
 Stevens, C. G. Stivers, H. S. Streat, John Stuart, 
 Thomas E. Sullivan, E. G. C. Thomas, F. K. 
 Tracy, George A. Treyser, John W. Troy, C. D. 
 Tuttle, J. G. Van Horn, John R. Walsh, John 
 C. Ward, Nick Welsh, H. J. Wendorff, O. F. 
 Wermich, Richard Westlake, Lee H. Wilson, 
 John H. Wood, General John C. Black, W. J. 
 Calhoun, Henry D. Estabrook, Judson Graves, 
 Joseph Hatton, Frank Hudson, Paul Hull, Wil- 
 liam J. Hynes, H. H. Kohlsaat, Andrew 
 McNally, William Penn Nixon, Robert W. Pat- 
 terson, John Barton Payne, E. Powell, M. J. 
 Russell, M. E. Stone, Rev. Dr. H. W. Thomas, 
 George P. Upton, Francis W. Walker. 
 
 OLD SETTLERS' CLUB OF WILLIAM 
 STREET. 
 
 Away back in the early forties there was a 
 street on the West Side called William. It 
 was not a very great thoroughfare, being only 
 about three blocks long, but it contained an 
 aggregation of patriotic citizens who were 
 interested in the city's growth and welfare, and 
 who later became identified with Chicago in 
 various important capacities. 
 
 The first permanent settler on William 
 street was Michael Nugent, who took up his 
 residence there in a frame house about the year 
 1845. Among the other residents of the street 
 were John C. Haines, Mayor of Chicago during 
 the years 1858-59, who occupied a house on 
 the northwest corner of Van Buren and San- 
 gamon streets. The house still stands and is 
 at present used as a boarding house. Mr. 
 Haines was born in New York in 1818, and 
 
696 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 coming to Chicago, served six years ia the City 
 Council, and a similar period as Water Com- 
 missioner. He was elected a member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention in 1869, and 
 a member of the State Senate in 1874. On 
 the opposite corner from Mr. Haines' place 
 stood the residence of Dr. W. B. Egan. The 
 house of Samuel B. Hoard, who was Post- 
 master of Chicago in 1865, stood at the end of 
 the street. The Jesuit church was also one of 
 the early landmarks of the street. The only 
 water supply on the West Side south of Mad- 
 ison and west of Halsted street was supplied 
 by an old-fashioned hand pump, located in 
 William street. 
 
 During the Civil War this abbreviated thor- 
 oughfare, whose total number of inhabitants 
 did not exceed one hundred voters, sent about 
 twenty men to the front, who joined Colonel 
 James A. Mulligan's Irish Brigade. 
 
 In the campaign of 1876, when Samuel J. 
 Tilden was running on the Democratic ticket 
 for President of the United States, every voter 
 en William street cast a ballot for him, in con- 
 sequence of which Alderman Frank Lawler 
 subsequently had the name of the street 
 changed from William to Tilden, by which it 
 is at the present time known. 
 
 During the year 1903 it occurred to several 
 of the former residents of .William street to 
 look up their early day neighbors, with the 
 idea of reviving old-time memories, perpetuat- 
 ing the friendships formed during the younger 
 years, and preserving the identity of the old 
 William street residents. After some time 
 spent in locating them — for in the intervening 
 years they had scattered to various parts of 
 the city — a goodly number were notified, and 
 as a result. the Old Settlers of William Street 
 Society was organized in September, 1903, with 
 the following officers: Patrick Murphy, Pres- 
 ident; William A. Hanley, Recording Secre- 
 tary; John Riley, Financial Secretary; Michael 
 Day. Treasurer. The following comprise the 
 members: John McDermott, Edward Noonan, 
 Charles McKenna, Captain Charles O'Neil, 
 Lieutenant John F. Pyne, Sergeant John Riley. 
 Edward Riley, Charles Riley, John Griffln. 
 Michael Gorman, Michael O'Grady. Sergeant 
 Michael Hopan, John Dougherty, William Man- 
 gan, Timothy Hanloy, Wlliam Dillon, William 
 O'Roiirke, John Welch, John Hanley, Fred Fltz, 
 John Khiber, James Scanlan. John T. Rowley, 
 Dennis Sullivan, Sergeant Edward Marpole, 
 
 James Murphy, Jacob Keller, Philip Grady, John 
 Grady, Thomas G. O'Connor, Frank Mitchell. 
 
 Those who lived or were born on William 
 street, and their descendants are eligible to 
 membership. The first annual reception of the 
 organization was held at Pick's Hall, Kedzie 
 and Colorado avenues, on March 17, 1904. 
 
 THE GERMAN OLD SETTLERS' PICNIC. 
 
 One of the annual events that is looked for- 
 ward to with a great deal of interest and 
 pleasurable anticipation by every German old 
 settler in Chicago, is the picnic that is given 
 yearly under the auspices of the Turn-Gem- 
 einde. Since 1875 this Society has held these 
 reunions at some appropriate place on the 
 North Side, and the enthusiasm in celebrating 
 these events has grown with each succeeding 
 year. 
 
 While not regularly organized, the German 
 old settlers attend these affairs faithfully and 
 participate in the exercises with the hearty 
 good will that always distinguishes the Teu- 
 tonic people. Although the picnics are under 
 the supervision of a German society, they are 
 not confined exclusively to Germans, as every 
 old German settler in the city who is aged 
 forty-two years or over, and who had resided 
 in Chicago or its suburbs previous to 1881, is 
 invited to attend, and upon registering in a 
 book of memorials, receives a silk badge 
 inscribed tvith the year of his or her settle- 
 ment. 
 
 Primarily, these annual gatherings were inau- 
 gurated for the purpose of retaining in the 
 hearts of the Germans who had adopted the 
 United States as their future home a warm 
 place for the Fatherland; the instilling in 
 every breast of a high degree of the duties 
 each one owes to himself and his forefathers; 
 the fostering of old-time national customs; and 
 as a means whereby the older people would be 
 able to come in closer contact with the younger 
 generation. 
 
 It is the object of the Turn-Gemeinde to 
 make these outings as pleasant as possible, 
 socially, and patriotic addresses are given, 
 prizes are offered for contests of various kinds, 
 and medals are awarded old settlers under the 
 following conditions: 
 
^ (T^i^ riCy^avt^ 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 697 
 
 1. To the old settler present, who has con- 
 tinuously resided in Chicago for the greatest 
 number of years. 
 
 2. To the old lady settler present who con- 
 tinuously resided in Chicago for the greatest 
 number of years. 
 
 3. To the old settler present, born in Ger- 
 many, who has continuously resided in Chi- 
 cago for the greatest number of years. 
 
 4. To the old lady settler present, born in 
 Germany, who has continuously resided in 
 Chicago for the greatest number of years. 
 
 5. To the old settler who has been longest 
 in the employ of the same business concern 
 at Chicago, and who is still there employed 
 at the present time. 
 
 6. To the lady who has been longest work- 
 ing in the same family, and still holds that 
 position. 
 
 7. To the couple of old settlers whose 
 combined age will give the greatest number 
 of years. 
 
 8. To the couple of old settlers, born in 
 Germany, whose combined age will give the 
 greatest number of years. 
 
 9. At 5 p. m. grand prize waltz; silver 
 medals and bouquets given to the old couple 
 whose combined age will give the greatest 
 number of years. 
 
 A complete list of the members of this asso- 
 ciation embraces about 2,800 names, of which 
 nearly 1,300 are male members and over 1,500 
 ladies. Only the names of those dating as far 
 back as 1854 — or having had a residence in 
 Chicago of fifty years — are given in the follow- 
 ing list: 
 
 MAIE MEMBERS. 
 
 1822— Alex. Beaubien. 
 
 1832— Jas. Maxwell. 
 
 1833— Jas. B. Allen. 
 
 1834— Judge J. B. Bradwell, T. A. Howe, L. 
 D. Taylor. 
 
 1835 — Wm. Gale, James Hogan, Fernando 
 Jones, G. W. Soule, Geo. Sinclair, Wm. J. Sloan. 
 
 1836— Henry AckofC, Henry Gilbert, C. C. P. 
 Holden, Dan Long, Jas. C. Sinclair. 
 
 1837— Erastus D. Doty, Clark Geib, H. B. 
 Krueger, Wm. Sweeney. 
 
 1838— Claudius Blair, Peter Mathers, C. O. 
 Pratt, Henry Russer, J. W. Rich. 
 
 1839— B. F. Allison, Thomas Allison, Law- 
 rence Schiestel. 
 
 1840— Lorenz Baer, Geo. H. Fergus, C. H. 
 
 Falch, John B. Foot, Nick J. Gauer, Chas. Har- 
 pel, M. Mattes, N. G. Skufsted. 
 
 1841— Albert E. Ebert, S. A. Lock, John C. 
 Murphy. 
 
 1842 — H. Best, Wm. Gasfield, Nicholas Jax, 
 Wm. Kyle, Peter Schnur, Edwin Tinter, T. W". 
 Weller. 
 
 1843 — P. Allmendinger, Adam Grimmer, 
 Mathias Knost. 
 
 1844— Geo. Atzell, Michael Bischoff, Bernard' 
 Hoell, M. Klein, W. C. Ozier, Wm. Rehm, Henry 
 Runge, Chas. E. Sinclair, John Schaefer, Nick- 
 olas Schoeneck, J. W. Silver, J. C. Weihe. 
 
 1845 — Henry Budde, John P. Barrett, John P. 
 Brossel, John B. George, Geo. Haeuslein, John 
 Marshal, Peter Peters, G. H. Smith, John Sick- 
 inger, Jacob Schnable, Christ Schimmels, B. F. 
 White. 
 
 1846 — A. Brachtendorf, Louis A. Berger, Geo. 
 M. Gross, Christ Huber, F. Kaiser, Jacob Klae- 
 sen, J. M. Mahler, F. Mehring, Dan J. Rock, 
 John Schmidt, Henry Schade, Nick Sippel, 
 Jacob Schauk, Math. Q. Schmidt, Geo. L. Taylor, 
 Chas. West. 
 
 1847 — Martin Bender, Geo. A. Bender, Adam 
 Bender, John Bartz, J. H. Bischop, Michael 
 Bies, .Jacob Eberlen, Ludwig Fiene, N. Frank, 
 Martin Horn, John A. Hespen, Robert Hender- 
 son, John D. Haake, John E. Hart, Michael 
 Kaerns, H. Koehsel, J. Krummenacher, H. W. 
 Lunn, James C. Murphy, Aug. Muenchhausen, 
 Franz Maerz, N. H. Ruger, S. Simon, Ludwig 
 Uff, Jos. Wolfenstetter. 
 
 1848 — Chas. Albee, Fred Allen, Henry Biepho, 
 Jacob Best, John Christmann, Geo. Eberlein, 
 Peter Finkler, Louis E. Grimme, Wm. Goely, 
 Francis Harvey, Jacob Hector, Friedrich Huck- 
 sald, G. M. Illingworth, J. E. Koehsel, M. F. 
 Kavanagh, Joachim Kurth, Valentin Kistner, 
 F. Linsenbarth, P. C. Mueller, C. Oakley, John 
 Shaunessy, Jos. B. Schlossman, Gilbert Thies, 
 Edw. E. Varges, Jas. Wright, Geo. Zeigler. 
 
 1849 — J. Adams, Jas. E. Boland, Fred Backer, 
 M. J. Corcoran, M. J. Coughlin, Robert Clark, 
 John C. Enders, John Franz, Christ Fink, Alex. 
 Franzen, Fred W. Forst, C. H. Graves, Geo. 
 Loesbrook, Chas. Lichtenberger, Fred G. Leiger, 
 H. F. Mahler, John Moeller, John H. Ohlerking, 
 Wm. Ohlendorf, John L. Peake, Hugh Ritchie, 
 Frank W. Smith, Geo. Schmidt, John Schuet- 
 tler, Henry Schucht, H. P. Talbot, Joseph 
 Waldhauser, Wm. Wharton, Henry Wachter. 
 
 1850 — Chas. Baumstark, Fred Becker, Gilbert 
 Gerbreth, H. Grusendorf, R. Hochbaum, John 
 
698 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 Hamill, Louis Hutt, Wm. Handley, John Haley, 
 Joseph Jiroch, Peter Klauss, Justus Loehr, 
 Ferd Link, W. J. Moore, P. McDonnell, Ferd C. 
 Propper, P. J. Quinn, Chas. Sokup, Henry 
 Schnath, Christ Thiele, Aug. Walter, David W. 
 Walsh. 
 
 1851— M. Benner, Phil Beck, Joseph Collasky, 
 Heinr Dusold, Andrew Deach, Chas. Gloeckler, 
 H. W. Goodridge, A. G. Goodridge, Louis Goelz- 
 lin, Wm. Hahn, J. N. Klapperich, Lorenz R. 
 Kenn, Christ Krueger, Ernst Leistekow, J. S. 
 Le Beau, Peter Merz, A. McCutcheon, Albert J. 
 Needham, Wm. NichoMt, J. D. Perkins, Jacob 
 Rinn, Felix Schweistal, John C. Tatge, P. R. 
 Wilhelm. 
 
 1852 — John Agnew, Adam Blane, John P. 
 Bock, G. N. Burkhardt, F. W. Buhler, Geo. 
 Beutenmiller, Albert Boese, Henry Bending, 
 Adam Breuer, John Carlson, Fritz Deutsche, 
 Albert Embde, Gust Elser, Frank Faust, A. 
 Goodjohn, John G. Goetz, Wendel Grimm, Geo. 
 L. Gegenwart, Martin Gareis, Balth. Hessemer, 
 Jonas Huehn, Louis Hebel, Fritz Kurz, Jacob 
 Kurtz, Henry Kurtz, Fred Kanehl, Geo. F. 
 Kolbe, F. W. Locke, Anton May, W. J. McGar- 
 igle, Jacob Pfeiffer, B. Reed, John C. Ries, Max 
 Schweitzer, Wm. Stennagel, John Schleich, 
 Henry Snowell, Wm. Schroeder, H. A. Schwu- 
 chow, Adam Stoffel, J. C. Schiesswohl, Andrew 
 Specht, D. W. Sullivan, Aug. Schrader, W. H. 
 Smith, Fred Trost, Geo. Ungrich, Jacob Veit, 
 Jacob Volkmann. 
 
 1853— C. F. Arnhold, Hy. Boedernitz, Celes- 
 tine Birchmeier, John Bicker, Fritz Bloch, 
 Henry Cordtz, J. W. Duggan, Herman Eschen- 
 burg, Adam Freeh, Louis A. Frey, Fred Heide, 
 Joseph Huebner, G. W. Heurich, Fred Hall, 
 Chas. Haas, Fred Harris, Geo. Joeslin, Simon 
 Jobst, C. Juergensen, Theo. G. Kimmann, 
 Matheus Kapler, Fred Koretke, Theo Klingner, 
 Wm. Lange, George Laitsch, Geo. B. Miller, 
 John S. Mitchell, Fred Marwedel, Louis Mun- 
 cho, A. J. Neuberger, Aug. Neubert, Fried Otto, 
 Christ Olgren, Al Peters, Reinhard Riedle, 
 Henry Ruethling, Jos. Stang, Henry Scheider- 
 man, John Strickland, Ferd. Schroeder, Paul 
 Stofferan, Andrew Schmitz, H. F. Stellmann, 
 Robt. R. Sampson, Peter Stetzler, Wm. 
 Schmidt, Frank Simon, Henry Seipp, Louis 
 Stuerzel. Chas. Strautz, Chas. O. Thoma, P. J. 
 Thielen, J. B. Thielen, Wm. Voelkner, J. W. 
 White. Jas. Wkkboldt, Joseph Willi, E. D. 
 White, Aug. Zlehn. 
 
 1854 — W. N. Arcntz. L('l)recht Ammann, Ad. 
 
 Arndt, Philip Breitzmann, Martin Bartmann, 
 Fred Benzow, Hartwig Behrens, John Bersbach, 
 P. F. Blesen, Jas. Beiersdorf, William Barthels, 
 Henry Berger, W. E. Cavenaugh, Andrew 
 Charleston, Louis Daube, John Doerr, George 
 Adam Erbe, John Eisner, Thos. Fitzgerald, L. 
 Freiberger, Henry Gundermann, C. F. Geist, 
 C. F. Giesenschlag, Lazarus Goldberger, Wm. 
 Hanneforth, Jacob Hemsler, F. Hartwig, John 
 Hanson, Wm. Hahn, John Hummer, H. C. Hev- 
 robt, Chas. Hager, H. Juengling, C. H. Julius, 
 Peter Johnson, Carl Klatt, Edward M. Keefe, 
 Wm. F. Kellmann, Perry Krus, Albert Laem- 
 merzahl, Peter Lersch, Wm. Lehmann, Chas. 
 Lindeman, John Manz, H. B. Meinhardt, Oscar 
 F. Mueller, Leon Monnhunne, Ferd. Miller, John 
 Meier, John M. Morrison, Philip Merz, J. M. 
 Nacken, Thos. Nolan, Louis Oswald, Wm. Ohr, 
 F. A. Oswald, Adam J. Press, J. J. Penner, 
 Frank Parmelee, Sam Rindskopf, H. Romstedt, 
 Edward Rossner, Frank Rich, Gust Schlott- 
 hauer, Carl Schlechting, John Schlirra, Henry 
 Schneider, D. A. Stryker, Heinrich Straske, 
 Henry Schaefer, John Sampson, John Schlundt, 
 H. Stadelmann, Fred Schroeder, Henry Tewes, 
 Wm. Wiesenbach, Otto E. Wolff, Chas. J. C. 
 Will, Chas. Wiederhold. 
 
 LADY MEMBERS. 
 
 1834 — Marie Brady-Haley, Sarah P. Forest. 
 
 1835 — Mary A. Coogan. 
 
 1836 — Marie Eiterman, Mrs. M. C. Garrity, 
 Susanna Goeden, Susanna Gorden, Sophionia 
 Hampton, Ann Mary Huehn, Mrs. C. C. P. 
 Holden, Marie McNulty. 
 
 1837- — Mary Jefferson, Margaretha Roberts. 
 
 1838 — Sophia Hentschel, Phoebe Le Beau, 
 Marie L. E. Sauter, S. G. Steven. 
 
 1839— Dena Gunther-Clark, Elisa Harpel, 
 Mary Sampson. 
 
 1840 — Susan Beaubien, Rhoda Hough, Helene 
 Kastler, Mary Link, Catharine Ollinger, Amelia 
 Seamens, Kunigunde Wiensdorfer. 
 
 1841 — Sarah Harvey, Clara M. Merchant, 
 Magdaline Martine, Angeline Seese. 
 
 1842 — Walberger Baer, Betsy Iredale, Au- 
 gusta Kaufman, Maria Kinder, Alice McClevy, 
 Emma Mueller, Marie Meyer, Annie M. Meson, 
 Mary Metz, Sophie Pohlmann, Ellen L Russel, 
 Marie Schiesswohl, Sarah Tatge. 
 
 1843 — Susanna Hand, Kathrina Ludwig, 
 Mary Miller, Anna Maria Srom. 
 
 1844 — Thurl)ar Bergman, Magdalena Crocker, 
 Christina Eiszner, Bessie Green, Mrs. Chas. 
 Moisle, Anna M. Nanzie, Lina Clara Osborn, 
 
HISTORICAL EJfCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 699 
 
 Caroline Russei', Catherina Schweinfurth, Julia 
 A. Stanley. 
 
 1845 — Kathrina Barbian, Dorethea Dressier, 
 Marie Heyde, Augusta Hauslein, Barbara Hold- 
 ship, Barbara Keil, Marie Peters. 
 
 1846 — Ellen M. Broadway, Anna Burkhardt, 
 Marg. Clinton, Katrina Fischer, Margaret 
 Franz, Catherina Gage, Anna Maria Ganshaw, 
 Margarete Hoffman, Margaretha Huber, Emilie 
 Jacobs, Lena Kemmler, Julia Lang, Anna Les- 
 terheim, Sophie Mueller, Sophie Niemeyer, 
 Katherine Schmitz, Maria Vollmuth. 
 
 1847 — Minnie Aron, Theresa Bear, Johanna 
 F. Bretthauer, Emma Butzow, Catherine Clark, 
 Mary L. Charlette, Lizzie Clausen, Marie 
 Dieterich, Dora Dierks, Anna Friederich, 
 Annie Hartel, Barbara Hettinger, Catharine 
 Juergenson, 'Magdalena Koch, Marie Lauer, 
 Catharine Marno, Elizabeth McLaughlin, 
 Louisa Noll, Maria Runge, Dorothea S. 
 Schmidt, Anna Sewell, Margaretha Schubert, 
 Elizabeth Thilo, Elizabeth Vickers, Carolina 
 "Weihe, Annie Waarich, Franzeska K. Wachter, 
 Franciska Zernitz. 
 
 1848 — Anna Apfel, Saera Cornell, Mathilda 
 Clotter, Catharine Dietch, Sarah Frank, Marie 
 Finster, Katie Gushhorst, Anna HochsoU, 
 Catharine Henricks, Anna Hirsch, Selma 
 Hausman, Eva Kronenberger, Theresa Lubeck, 
 Henrietta Linsenbarth, Mary McClevy, Marie 
 A. Miller, Anna B. Miller, Georgiana Oyen, 
 Helen Renick, Carrie Stattfeld, Bridget Stew- 
 art, Annie Sedgwick, Isabel Seaton, Catharine 
 Schlecht, Mary Stryker, Franziska Zernitz. 
 
 1849 — Elizabeth Byrne, Kate Condon, Annie 
 Dwyer, Kate Franz, Mary Ann Glasebrook, 
 Ella J. Griffith, Margaret Geier, Margaret Greg 
 ory, Louise Hess, Libby Howe, Louise Hespen, 
 Marie Leopold, Alice Lavery, Allen Lavery, 
 Clara Mehrle, Mary Mansfield, Helena Manz, 
 Carolina Ohlerking, Christina Rosenberger, 
 Magdalene Schmidt, Bridget Swenie, Augusta 
 Schneider, Julia Sweenie, Barbara Weber, 
 Mary Weber. 
 
 1850 — Mrs. C. Arnold, Marie Bartolmey, Aug- 
 usta Braasch, Emma Colby, Rose S. Curney, 
 Julia Emersen, Alma Marie Fink, Adelheid 
 Gunger, Elizabeth Gloor, Maria Gohuth, Mar- 
 garet Hammill, Anna Hoist, Katherine Keiser, 
 Maria Keller, Mathilda Kiich, Annie Lahl, Mar- 
 
 garet Leander, Katharine Maylor, Emma 
 Mahler, Phillipina Marquarhdt, Marie Martin, 
 Amelia Nurnberger, Elizabeth Nehls, Anna 
 Pomy, Elizabeth Press, Clara Redell, Elisa 
 Simon, Mary A. Smith, Resina Sanger, Mary 
 Troble, Mary Walter, Louisa Winsauer, Eliza- 
 beth Weser, Elizabeth Wasserstrass, Anna M. 
 Yunker, Margaret Zender. 
 
 1851 — Margaret Andre, Josephine Boche, 
 Ernestine Beck, Fredericka Ditt, Emila Eschen- 
 burg, Sophie Goezlin, Ellen Heide, Mary Huber, 
 Wilhelmina Juritz, Bertha John, Elizabeth 
 Joslin, H. E. Katz, Catharina Kruger, Mary 
 Long, Mary Mark, Mathilda Noe, Agnes Roth, 
 Carrie; Smith, Franziska Strassheim, Dora 
 Smith, Marie Schroeder, Sahra Schoeneck, 
 Elizabeth Smith, Mary Specht, Minnie 
 Schroeder. 
 
 1852— Mary Aubert, Mrs. James Barry, Cath- 
 arine Berger, Agathe Baier, Mary Charleston, 
 Elizabeth Dietz, Cathrina Dornheeker, A. Mary 
 Eul, Anna M. Enders, Charlotte Ehlers, Marie 
 Eckstein, Christine Fischer, Rachel Force, 
 Magdalena Fritsch, Pauline Gensche, Eliza 
 Grimes, Elizabeth Goodjohn, Mary Goodjohn, 
 Kate Hoff, Eva Heiss, Ida Hetzed, LouiBe 
 Horethe, Katharine Hummel, Carolina Hoch- 
 feld, Wilhelmina Hallen, Emma Heckman, Ber- 
 tha Kaseberg, A. M. Kleusch, Maria Krauss, 
 Caroline Lende, Emma Liermann, Emma Mat- 
 thei, A. McGinnis, Mary Nicolai, Sophia Naef, 
 Barbara Niedergang, Maria Netz, Mary Neu- 
 man, Sophia Pohlmann, Katharine Phillipp, 
 Bertha Pappolt, Elizabeth Rich, Hannah Riihl- 
 man, Dorothea Soelke, Anna Schergen, Mary 
 Schmidt, Katherine Simson, Ernestine Sickel, 
 Caroline Specht, Christine Sauter, Magdalen 
 Ulrich, Johanna Wickboldt, Marie Wolfram, 
 Louise Weller, Marie Welter, Margaretha Wal- 
 ler, G. L. Zirngibl. 
 
 1853 — Lizzie Alber, Louisa Beck, Helena 
 Boser, Maria Burbach, Carolina Biederstedt, 
 Frida Doll, Mathilda Doss, Johanna Bbert, 
 Wilhelmine Fibich, Louise Fink, Sarah L. 
 Gavitt, Mary Grube, Elizabeth Haas, Marie 
 Hoisingtou, Marie Haas, Marie Haenske, Marie 
 Heinrich, Catharine Hutt, Mrs. A. Hunt, Cath- 
 arine Hildebrand, Minnie Katterbach, Doretta 
 Klinger, Wilhelmina Kummer, Lina Kaiser, 
 Louise Larand, Fredericka Lemmerthal, M. 
 Lang, Crescentia Locher, Maggie C. Lester, 
 
yoo 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Elmilie Lynch, Anna Minwegen, Rosnie Mar 
 weden, Mary McGonagle, Henrietta Moeck, Mrs 
 I. A. MacDonald, Annie Nelson, Carolina Nus 
 ser, Margareth Noll, Mary Neumeister, Mary 
 Peters, Dora Peters, Nellie J. Peake, Margar 
 ethe Rutzer, Ann Riley, Celina Restatter, Hen 
 rietta Stahl, Marie Scheib, Dora Schweer 
 Sophie Simon, Catharine Stoffregen, Frances 
 Spahr, Katie Steele, Wilhelmina Schwuchow 
 Marie Annie Sedlu, Catharine Sampson, Min 
 nie True, Sarah Voight, Wilhelmina Wippe 
 Margaret Weisrock, Anna Martha Weisgerber 
 1854 — Emilie Berg, Dora Brandenburg, 
 Sophie Buhmann, Mary Brown, F. Buen 
 zow, Anna Busch, Jakobine Bresen, Mary 
 Bishop, Marie H. Clemerin, Emma Colli 
 gan, Friedericke Dahlbohm, Eva Dietz 
 Dora Duerk, Blanca Dreyer, Marie Diehl 
 Paulina Dahme, Elizabeth Dawson, Frederika 
 Debus, Mary Doll, Teresia Edgland, Gertrude 
 Edelman, Regina Eckhart, Marie Friedel, 
 Babetta Fuerstenberg, Alwine Friedler, Maria 
 Faust, Elisabeth Fischer, Rosalie Gunderman, 
 Sophia Grefer, Bertha Gruschow, Anna Gim- 
 ble, Anna Grau, Fredericke Grotz, Emilia 
 Geortz, Mina Geist, Barbara Roman, Sophia 
 Halleman, Maria Hauselman, Margareta Hoer- 
 tig, Margaretha Hornberg, Katie Hunsche, 
 Sophie Justice, Lizzie Kemme, Wilhelmine 
 Krzikowsky, Lizzie Kniering, Barbara Kaep- 
 pel, Mina Koch, Barbara Klein, Mathilda 
 Knaub, Mary Kehr, Gertrude Klatt, Elizabeth 
 Kiesling, Margaret Kirchner, Katherine Kar 
 penstein Franziska Kauff, Maria Karstner, 
 Maria Karthansen, Minnie Lutz, Barbara Link, 
 Anna H. Lodge, Jennie Long, Dora Leonhardt, 
 Elizabeth R. Lauer, Catharine Lichtenthal 
 Katharine Maurer, Alvine Miller, Cathrina 
 Muller, Lena Mahler, Matilda Mather, Eliza 
 beth Mueller, Rosa Mogerlein, Barbara Mayer 
 Eliza Marriott, Carolina Oberndorff, Mary Off, 
 Anna Paus, Matilde Penner, Franciska Rie 
 man, Sophie Rehm, Louise Raseldouf, Wilhel 
 mina Schlichting, Sophie Schramm, Frieda 
 Stacke, Margaret Schade, Anna Straper, Anna 
 Sleyer, Ernestine Steuernagel, Amalie Scholl, 
 Elizabeth Stetzler, Elizabeth Swlssler, Mrs. 
 Theo. TresHcIt, Mary Welterer, Clara Webber, 
 IjOuIhg Water, Marie Weinberger, Catharine 
 7A;nder. 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 STOCK YARDS HISTORY. 
 
 FIRST SLAUGHTER HOUSE IN CHICAGO ORIGIN AND 
 
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE PACKING INDUSTRY THE 
 
 FOUNDERS AND PROMOTERS OF THE BUSINESS — 
 
 EARLY STOCK YARDS ORGANIZATION OF THE 
 
 UNION STOCK YARDS PHENOMENAL GROWTH OF 
 
 THE PACKING AND LIVE-STOCK TRADE DESCRIP- 
 TION OF BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS — BANKING 
 
 INSTITUTIONS STATISTICS FOR DIFFERENT 
 
 YEARS — PAST AND PRESENT OFFICERS — INTERr 
 NATIONAL Lme STOCK EXPOSITIONS, 1900-1904. 
 
 The first slaughter house erected in Chicago 
 was built by Archibald Clybourn in 1827, situ- 
 ated on the North Branch of the Chicago River, 
 near what was known as the Bloomingdale road, 
 and opposite the present site of the North 
 Chicago Rolling Mills. It was built of logs, 
 and was followed by a frame structure which 
 remained standing for more than fifty years. 
 The original use was for the killing of animals 
 for the supply of the garrison at Fort Dear- 
 born. Following Mr. Clybourn in the slaughter- 
 ing and packing business came George W. Dole. 
 In October, 1832, he slaughtered and packed 
 152 head of cattle for Oliver Newberry, of 
 Detroit, the product ultimately finding its way 
 to New York. Mr. Dole purchased his live 
 stock from Charles Reed, of Hickory Creek, 
 paying therefor $2.75 per hundred pounds. The 
 cattle were slaughtered upon what was then 
 an open prairie, but is now at the corner of 
 Michigan Avenue and Madison Street. Mr. 
 Dole employed but two men, John and Mark 
 Noble, Jr., who received as their perquisites, 
 the hides and tallow of the animals killed. 
 By December of the same year Mr. Dole's busi- 
 ness had increased materially, and the killing 
 and packing of hogs was made the prominent 
 feature, 338 porkers being slaughtered during 
 that month. The animals were bought from 
 John Blackstone for $3.00 per hundred pounds, 
 net. At that time barrels were brought from 
 Detroit, and the hogs, which were slaughtered 
 at the rear of the warehouse, were stored away 
 In bulk until the necessary supply of barrels 
 could be secured. Meanwhile Archibald Cly- 
 
HISTOEICAL EFCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 701 
 
 bourn had become Government butcher for the 
 Pottawatomies, and during 1833 packed some 
 250 head of cattle and about 2,000 hogs. Mr. 
 Dole used Mr. Clybourn's packing house this 
 year, packing about the same number of cattle 
 and about 1,000 hogs. 
 
 In 1834 another packing and slaughtering 
 house was erected on the South Branch by 
 George W. Dole and Oliver Newberry, of 
 Detroit. The output of this establishment, dur- 
 ing the first year of its existence, was about 300 
 head of cattle and 1,400 hogs. The same year 
 Gurdon S. Hubbard transformed into a pack- 
 ing house an old building on the corner of 
 South Water and La Salle Streets, formerly 
 used as a bank. He slaughtered 5,000 hogs 
 during the year, but encountered no little diflS- 
 culty in procuring barrels, which were finally 
 brought from Cleveland at a cost to the pur- 
 chaser of one dollar each. Mr. Hubbard moved 
 his place of business to the corner of Kinzie 
 and Rush Streets, where he erected a new 
 and improved packing-house, and where he 
 remained until 1840, when he removed to a new 
 building which he had erected on South 
 "Water Street, between Clark and La Salle 
 Streets. Here he remained until 1848, when he 
 removed to the North Branch. 
 
 In the winter of 1835 and spring of 1836, 
 William Jones (father of Fernando Jones), of 
 the firm of Jones, King & Co., hardware mer- 
 chants, joined Archibald Clybourn in packing 
 a large quantity of meats for that time, in the 
 packing house located on the river bank at the 
 corner of South Water and Clark Streets, and, 
 having more than they could dispose of in this 
 market, they shipped the balance to Buffalo, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Sylvester Marsh, one of the pioneers in the 
 packing industry in the West, came to Chicago 
 from New England in the winter of 1833. At 
 first he opened a market, killing beef cattle as 
 needed for each day's consumption, underneath 
 an old elm tree on the prairie on what is now 
 Monroe Street, about 100 feet west of Fifth 
 Avenue, on the south side of the street. Later 
 he engaged in the packing business with Mr. 
 Hubbard, continuing in this business with 
 brief interruption, until 1855 when he returned 
 to the East. He was a witness before the 
 United States Senate Committee on Education 
 in 1883, and gave some interesting testimony 
 regarding the state of this business during the 
 early days of Chicago's history. He stated 
 
 that, "There was hardly anything to kill but 
 beef, hardly any sheep, very few hogs — and 
 they came from the Wabash in Indiana. I 
 drove them from there to Chicago (150 miles), 
 and they were all killed for local consumption. 
 In 1838 I paid $6.00 per hundred pounds for 
 pork in Chicago; but in 1841, with a view of 
 finishing the canal the next summer, I bought 
 pork for $2.00 per hundred pounds for all hogs 
 that weighed 200 pounds or over; and for less 
 than that weight, $1.50 per hundred pounds. 
 I bought beef for barreling in 1843 for $2.00 a 
 hundred for the fore-quarters, if the ox weighed 
 600 pounds, and $1.50 if he fell under it— which 
 was the lowest price I ever heard of its being 
 sold for. I staid in the business until I killed 
 185 head of large cattle and 500 hogs per day, 
 which was not more than a teaspoonful to 
 what they have come to since I left the busi- 
 ness. In the fall of 1850 I shipped a propeller 
 load of about 3,000 barrels of provisions to 
 Ogdensburg, which were stored there until the 
 Ogdensburg & Lake Champlain and the Rut- 
 land & Burlington Railways were completed 
 in January, 1851, when I was appointed Freight 
 and Passenger Agent for these roads. My busi- 
 ness was to procure freight and passengers 
 from the West over these roads, the freight 
 bound for the Boston market. 
 
 "In the winter of 1836-37 Fernando Jones, 
 John C. Haines and others hit upon a novel 
 plan for securing the bounty offered by the 
 county of $1.25 each for the scalps' of prairie 
 wolves. By placing the heads of the slaugh- 
 tered cattle on the partially thawed ice on the 
 Chicago River (between MaBison and Monroe 
 Streets), which froze solid at night, they 
 attracted the attention of the wolves, which 
 were easily shot by the watchers, while trying 
 to carry off the heads of the dead animals." 
 
 Other packers of that period were as follows: 
 O. S. & R. M. Hough, associated with Sylvester 
 Marsh, 1839; D. H. Underbill, who opened a 
 meat market at the comer of State and North 
 Water Streets in 1837; Eri Reynolds, who com- 
 menced business in 1841 in one of the houses 
 previously occupied by George W. Dole, while 
 Oren Sherman and N. Pitkin packed several 
 hundred hogs in the winter of 1841-42. 
 
 The firm of William Felt & Co. (brothers) 
 made the first direct shipment of beef from Chi- 
 cago to the seaboard in the winter of 1842-43, 
 when Archibald Clybourn slaughtered and 
 packed for this firm some 3,000 head of cattle. 
 
702 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 In 1843-44 Thomas Dyer and John P. Chapin 
 formed a partnership as packers, carrying on 
 business in the house recently occupied by Eri 
 Reynolds. Julius Wadsworth entered the firm 
 in 1S44, and one year later, on the retirement 
 of Mr. Chapin, the firm name became Wadsworth 
 & Dyer. Hugh Maher was the cooper who 
 furnished the barrels for the house which, in 
 1844, exported the first piece of beef from Chi- 
 cago to Great Britain. George Steele was 
 known as a pork-packer in 1843, his place being 
 on South Water Street, a little west of Frank- 
 lin. During the next few years, the following 
 named parties appear among others who have 
 been engaged in the meat-packing business in 
 Chicago: 
 
 Cost of 
 packing 
 
 Firm. Cattle. Hogs. house." 
 
 G. S. Hubbard & Co 200 1,000 ,$10,000 
 
 Hough & Co 225 1,000 25,000 
 
 Cragin & Co 400 1,000 45,000 
 
 Thomas Nash (afterwards Van 
 
 Brunt & Watrous) 400 1,400 19,100 
 
 A. Brown & Co 200 600 10,000 
 
 Tobey, Booth & Co 600 10,000 
 
 John Hayward 140 400 5,000 
 
 Jones & Culbertson 1,200 9,000 
 
 J. & J. Stewart 300 3,000 
 
 George Steele & Co 300 3,000 
 
 Moore, Stevens & Co 200 600 15,000 
 
 W. Leland 100 
 
 Small Packing Houses 1,400 500 
 
 Totals 3,165 9,000 $154,100 
 
 The following extract from the Chicago 
 "Daily Democrat" of Sept. 26, 1848, gives a pic- 
 ture of the packing business of Chicago at that 
 period, which, being written from a contempo- 
 raneous standpoint, is of interest: 
 
 "The beef-packing season has opened unprec- 
 edentedly early this year, and already a brisk 
 little business is being done by one firm in 
 this city — Messrs. Marsh & Sherry. This 
 firm kills from fifty to sixty head per day, 
 and has already shipped seven hundred bar- 
 rels of beef to the East. Chicago will rely 
 for Its supplies of cattle this season princi- 
 pally, if not altogether, on the northern por- 
 tion of the State, being grass-fed cattle, 
 which gives the beef a peculiar richness. One 
 firm, Wadsworth. Dyor & Co., have already 
 contracted for one thousand head of cattle. 
 We have seen letters from their commission 
 house In Boston stating that their beef 
 takes the load, altogether, of that shii)ped 
 
 from Maine; also one from England to Wads- 
 worth, Dyer & Co., stating that, as long as 
 their beef is kept up to its present standard, 
 there is no fear but what it will compete 
 successfully with the best Irish brands. This 
 firm kills none but the best cattle, and uses 
 foreign salt altogether in packing. In conse- 
 quence of this superiority, most of the beef 
 packed in this city goes to England or Bos- 
 ton. It is expected that eighteen thousand 
 barrels of beef will be packed this season, or 
 perhaps more. Of this Marsh & Sherry expect 
 to pack four thousand barrels; Wadsworth, 
 Dyer & Co., ten thousand; and the remainder 
 by Slocum & Clapp, and one other firm. Bar- 
 rels are selling at $1.00, at which price con- 
 tracts for large numbers have been made." 
 
 On November 16, 1850, the "Gem of the 
 Prairie," published by Kiler K. Jones, brother 
 of Fernando Jones, gave an exhaustive review 
 of the business, mentioning the names and 
 describing the business done by them as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 "The slaughtering and rendering establish- 
 ment of Sylvester Marsh is situated upon the 
 beach immediately north of the north pier. 
 The packing house is situated on the bank 
 of the river, at the corner of North Water 
 and Wolcott Streets. It was built during the 
 present year, is three stories high, and sixty 
 by eighty-four feet in size. He employs 
 seventy-five hands, and slaughters 185 cattle 
 per day. He pays out for the season, cash, 
 for cattle, $90,000; for salt and barrels, 
 $15,000; for labor, $5,000— total $110,000. 
 
 "The slaughtering and packing house of 
 Gurdon S. Hubbard is situated upon the 
 North Branch on East Water Street, between 
 Michigan and Illinois Streets. Number 
 slaughtered per day, 105; hands usually 
 employed, seventy-five. He packs this year 
 for Norman Felt, of New York, Joseph 
 Draper, of Boston, and W. Smith, of New 
 Haven. Pays for cattle, $100,000; for salt, 
 barrels and labor, $21,000— total, $121,000. 
 
 "The establishment of Wadsworth, Dyer & 
 Co. is situated upon the North Branch, in the 
 suburbs of the city. The various buildings 
 cover half an acre. The number of cattle 
 slaughtered this season by the firm will 
 probably exceed 6,000. The firm employs 110 
 men and slaughters 210 head of cattle per 
 day. They commenced operations here seven 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 703 
 
 years ago. Their brand in the London and 
 Liverpool markets takes precedence over 
 beef from every other quarter of the world. 
 Their hides are purchased by Gurnee, Hayden 
 & Co., and their refuse carted by C. Beers for 
 his farm beyond Bridgeport. Paid for cattle, 
 $132,000; for salt, barrels and labor, $28,000 
 — total, $160,000. 
 
 "R. M. & O. S. Hough are located a short 
 distance below Bridgeport, immediately on 
 the bank of the river. Their building is 
 thirty by sixty feet in size, with wings. They 
 are working fifty hands, and slaughtering 130 
 head of cattle per day. Cash paid for cattle, 
 $70,000; for salt, barrels and labor, $15,000 
 — total, $85,000. 
 
 "Passing down the river until within a short 
 distance of the tannery of Gurnee, Hayden & 
 Co., we come to the slaughtering and packing 
 house of William B. Clapp. He is killing one 
 hundred head of cattle per day, and working 
 forty hands. He has a contract for supply- 
 ing one thousand eight hundred barrels to 
 the United States Navy. Cash paid for cat- 
 tle, $56,000; for salt, barrels and labor, 
 $16,000— total, $72,000. 
 
 "A little farther down is the establishment 
 of Eri Reynolds, a brick building fifty by one 
 hundred and twenty feet in size. He packs 
 for himself and W. & H. Felt of Earlville, N. 
 Y., employs thirty hands and slaughters 
 about ninety head of cattle per day. 
 His estimates for the season are: Cash for 
 cattle, $48,000; for salt, barrels and labor, 
 $10,000— total, $58,000. 
 
 "The seventh and last establishment — that 
 of Messrs. Clybourn & Ellis — we did not find 
 time to visit. It is situated upon the North 
 Branch, about one mile above Ogden's bridge. 
 They will slaughter this season about two 
 thousand head of cattle, and the cost of the 
 same, including salt, barrels, labor, etc., will 
 amount to about $45,000. 
 
 "Hence, we have about twenty-seven thous- 
 and, five hundred cattle packed, and $651,000 
 paid out. The majority of cattle are fattened 
 in Illinois, McLean County bearing the palm; 
 but a portion are brought from Indiana and 
 Iowa." 
 
 Oramel T. and Roselle M. Hough, who had 
 previously been associated with Sylvester 
 Marsh, erected a packing house on the South 
 Branch in 1850, at a cost of $3,000. Their 
 
 business increased so rapidly that, in 1854, 
 they put up a new stone structure costing 
 $20,000. This having been destroyed by fire 
 two years afterward, the firm rebuilt in 1857, 
 at an outlay of $25,000. 
 
 The firm of (Orville H.) Tobey & (Herman 
 D.) Booth began packing pork in 1853. 
 
 John L. Hancock, representing Cragin & Co. 
 of New York, did an extensive business for 
 those days in a house erected by himself at a 
 cost of $45,000, on the South Branch. 
 
 In 1853-54, Andrew Brown & Co. commenced 
 packing, and one year later, the firm of Moore, 
 Stevens & Co., in the fall of 1854. 
 
 The following table, taken from the Annual 
 Review of "The Chicago Press and Tribune" 
 for 1859, affords an approximately accurate 
 report of the quantity of beef packed in Chi- 
 cago during that year, and contains a fair 
 catalogue of the houses engaged in that line of 
 trade at the time: 
 
 Noi. of Av. No. of No. of Tallow 
 
 Net 
 
 Cattle. Wt. Tcs. Bbls. Lbs. 
 
 Cragin & Co. .18,980 560 8,900 28,600 940,000 
 R. M. & O. S. 
 
 Hough .... 6,483 575 1,006 12,642 301,683 
 G. S. Hubbard 
 
 & Cot 5,453 563 1,100 11,426 254,151 
 
 Andr'w Brown 
 
 & Co 5,225 550 13,800 261,250 
 
 J. G. Law & 
 
 Co 5,100 550 1,000 8,475 234,600 
 
 Van Brunt & 
 
 Wabrous .. 4,568 565 6,090 228,400 
 
 Jno. Hayward 5,000 550 f 11,000 225,000 
 
 O. M. Morton 1,000 555 2,200 47,500 
 
 Total 51,809 
 
 18,096 88,143 2,492,584 
 
 The markets at that period open to Chicago, 
 outside of that at home, "where chiefly the Lake 
 ports, where the lumber camps bought their 
 supplies, although a not insignificant percent- 
 age of the output found its way to the seaboard. 
 
 The business of pork-packing was not par- 
 ticularly profitable in 1859, although Chicago 
 packers fared better than operators in other 
 parts of the country. The product was not 
 suflJciently large to admit of much shipment to 
 the East, but the requirements of Canada and 
 the lumber regions kept the Chicago market 
 considerably higher than those of St. Louis, 
 Cincinnati or New York. 
 
 The following is a list of the leading houses 
 engaged in this branch of the trade at that 
 
704 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 time: R. M. & O. S. Hough, Cragln & Co., 
 Jones & Culbertson, G. S. Hubbard & Co., Flint 
 & Stearns, Tobey & Booth, Percival Marriott, 
 Thomas Nash, Bodel, J. G. Law & Co., Leland 
 & Mixer, Morton Standish, George Steele & Co., 
 G. J. W. Steward, Burt & Higgins, Reynolds & 
 Law, and P. Curtiss. 
 
 The year 1860 opened with a heavy stock of 
 beef on hand, and low prices ruled during the 
 year. Operators were extremely cautious, and 
 Chicago packers slaughtered only 25,209 head 
 of cattle as against 51,809 in 1859. There was 
 an extensive demand for cattle for shipment to 
 the East, and the value of stock was higher 
 than buyers had anticipated. The curtailment 
 of purchases resulted in light stocks at the 
 end of the year, not more than enough to meet 
 the demands of the lumber and Lake Superior 
 trade being in store by the end of the season. 
 Pork-packing also exhibited some falling off, 
 the packers using 167,918 hogs, as against 
 185,000 the previous year. 
 
 The business of summer packing was inaugu- 
 rated during 1860, two houses packing 12,000 
 during the summer months, and other packers 
 laying in a supply of ice during the winter 
 with a view to operating their houses during 
 the summer following. 
 
 During the four succeeding years Chicago 
 continued to advance in prominence as a cattle 
 market. The Government, as well as contract- 
 ors, bought largely for military supplies, and 
 the impetus given to trade by speculation was 
 not without influence. In 1864 the newspapers 
 of the day made the boast that this city was 
 the largest market of this description in the 
 West, and that Chicago packers had the pick 
 of the beeves offered for sale. During the sea- 
 son of 1864-65 there were packed in the city 
 houses some 95,000 head of cattle. 
 
 The list of beef-packers had undergone some 
 changes since 1859, being in 1865 as follows: 
 Cragln & Co.; Wooster, Hough & Co.; G. S. 
 Hubbard & Co.; D. Kreigh & Co.; A. E. Kent & 
 Co.; Steward, Sanger & Holihan; J. E. Nor- 
 wood; Culbertson, Blair & Co.; Favorite & 
 Son; Leland & Mixer; Turner & Nicolls; John 
 Hayward; Griffin Bros.; Jones, Gifford & Co. 
 
 The business of pork-packing Increased very 
 rapidly tetween 1859 and 1864. In the season 
 of 1852-53, there were packed in this city only 
 48,156 hogs; In 1857-58 the number had 
 Increased to 99.262; In 1861-62, to 514,118; and, 
 in 1862-63, 970,264 hogs were pacl<ed. The fol- 
 
 lowing season showed a falling off, the number 
 of hogs packed being 904,658. The decline, 
 however, was light as compared with that at 
 other great points of shipment, the number of 
 hogs slaughtered in Cincinnati having decreased 
 250,000. The progress made by Chicago in this 
 branch of business, as compared with Cincin- 
 nati — long known as "Porkopolis" — may be 
 perceived from the following table, which 
 shows the number of hogs packed at the two 
 points, respectively, during twelve seasons, 
 beginning with 1852: 
 
 SEASON. CHICAGO. CINCINNATI. 
 
 1852-53 48,156 361,000 
 
 1853-54 52,819 421,000 
 
 1854-55 73,694 355,786 
 
 1855-56 80,380 405,396 
 
 1856-57 74,000 344,512 
 
 1857-58 99,262 446,677 
 
 1858-59 185,000 382,826 
 
 1859-60 167,918 434,499 
 
 1860-61 231,335 433,179 
 
 1861-62 514,118 474,116 
 
 1862-63 970,264 608,547 
 
 1863-64 904,658 357,640 
 
 Some new packing houses were built during 
 1864, and several changes were made in the 
 existing firms, as well as improvements in all 
 the mechanical branches of the business. 
 Leland & Mixer occupied the old "Brown" pork 
 and beef house at the corner of Seventeenth 
 and Grove Streets. The house was considered 
 remarkable at that time. The main building — 
 two stories and basement — occupied a space of 
 100 by 112 feet, having a wing for tanks, ket- 
 tles, boilers, etc., 30 by 55 feet. The hanging 
 roof afforded accommodation for 250 cattle and 
 2,500 hogs. J. E. Norwood removed his house 
 from the South Branch to the lake shore, south 
 of Cottage Grove Avenue. Keyt, Blackmore & 
 Co. had obtained possession of one of the pack- 
 ing houses built by R. McCabe, a few years 
 before. The old house used by Mr. Norwood 
 was taken by Jones, Gifford & Co. The firm 
 of Jones, Culbertson & Co. was succeeded by 
 Culbertson, Blair & Co., and noticeable improve- 
 ments were made in tho plant. A new pack- 
 ing house was erected during the year by Dag- 
 gett & Whiteside, on Milwaukee Avenue, having 
 a capacity of 400 hogs per day. Another was 
 put up on the South Branch by Shaw & Moody, 
 capable of handling about 500 hogs dally. The 
 house of C. C. Palmer had passed Into the hands 
 
HISTORICAL EJ^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 705 
 
 of Ricker & Co. The building on Lake Street, 
 where A. E. Kent & Co. began business, was 
 occupied by Bell & Deverill, the first named 
 concern having fitted up a large and commo- 
 dious house elsewhere, in which they placed a 
 series of circular saws for cutting beef — proba- 
 bly the first ever brought to this city. 
 
 CniCAGO Live Stock Trade. — 1848-1900.— 
 Prior to 1865 Chicago possessed several stock 
 yards of minor importance and located in dif- 
 ferent sections of the city. The first regular 
 cattle market in Chicago was opened in 1848. 
 It was located at the south-east corner of Ogden 
 Avenue and West Madison Street, and was 
 known as the "Bull's Head" Stock Yards. At 
 this time Chicago had a population of only 
 20,000, but was growing rapidly. In 1854 the 
 Michigan Southern Railway opened stock yards 
 at the corner of State and Twenty-second 
 Streets. John B. Sherman made what was, up 
 to 1856, the boldest venture in this direction in 
 opening the Myrlck Yards, also known as the 
 Michigan Central Railroad Yards, on Cottage 
 Grove Avenue near Thirty-first Street, with a 
 capacity of 5,000 cattle and 30,000 hogs, which 
 was considered something wonderful. The 
 Fort Wayne Yards were located on Stewart 
 Avenue and Sixteenth Street, and Joseph 
 McPherson was made the superintendent. The 
 yards of C. F. Loomis & Co. were small and 
 inadequate, and never came into much promi- 
 nence. After the failure of the Chicago, Bur- 
 lington & Quincy Yards (which had been estab- 
 lished a mile and a half west of the city) to 
 attract business to any extent, it became mani- 
 fest that the live-stock interests of Chicago 
 should be concentrated in some suitable quarter 
 to facilitate and lessen the expense of transfers 
 of cattle and hogs. The delays occasioned by 
 the location of the yards at long distances from 
 one another, suggested the enterprise of 
 
 THE UNION STOCK YARDS. 
 
 This enterprise, the first of its kind, began as 
 an idea in the mind of one of the brightest and 
 ablest organizers and managers of men and 
 affairs of his time. It rapidly assumed tangi- 
 ble shape. A prospectus was issued in the 
 autumn of 1864, which resulted in a subscrip- 
 tion of stock to the extent of $1,000,000, a major 
 portion of which ($925,000) was taken by the 
 nine railways chiefly in the stock trade, viz.: 
 Illinois Central; Michigan Central; Pittsburg, 
 
 Fort Wayne & Chicago; Chicago & Rock Island; 
 Chicago & Great Eastern (now Pan Handle); 
 Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana; Chi- 
 cago & Alton; Chicago & Northwestern, and 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy — the balance 
 being allotted to the packing and other indus- 
 tries. A special charter was granted by the 
 Legislature of Illinois, which was approved, 
 Feb. 13, 1865, to "The Union Stock Yard & 
 Transit Co. of Chicago." John L. Hancock, 
 Virginius A. Turpin, Roselle M. Hough, Sidney 
 A. Kent, Charles M. Culbertson, Lyman Blair, 
 Martin L. Sykes, Jr., George W. Cass, James 
 F. Joy, John F. Tracy, Timothy B. Blackstone, 
 John H. Moore, John S. Barry, Homer E. Sar- 
 gent, Burton C. Cook, John B. Drake, William 
 D. Judson, David Kreigh, Joseph Sherwin and 
 John B. Sherman were the incorporators. 
 
 The site chosen for the location of the yards 
 was south of Thirty-ninth Street, between Cen- 
 ter Avenue and Halsted Street, Town of Lake, 
 and 320 acres were purchased from the Hon. 
 John Wentworth, the price being $100,000. The 
 land was considered an almost valueless marsh, 
 impossible to be drained. Work was com- 
 menced June 1, 1865, and on Christmas Day, 
 December 25th of that year, the yards were 
 thrown open for business. About one hun- 
 dred and twenty acres were covered with pens 
 when the yards were opened, and the growth 
 of the enterprise since has necessitated addi- 
 tions from time to time, and the purchase of 
 more land, making the present acreage of the 
 yards and buildings in which this enormous 
 business centers, four hundred and seventy-five, 
 and its present capacity seventy-five thousand 
 cattle, three hundred thousand hogs, fifty thou- 
 sand sheep and six thousand horses. 
 
 The Presidents of the Union Stock Yard & 
 Transit Co. of Chicago have been Timothy B. 
 Blackstone, John M. Douglass, Peyton R. 
 Chandler, James M. Walker, Nathaniel Thayer 
 and John B. Sherman. The present oflBcers 
 are: Nathaniel Thayer, Chairman of the 
 Board; John A. Spoor, President; Frederick S. 
 Winston, Vice-President; Arthur G. Leonard, 
 General Manager; Charles D. Moyer, Secretary 
 and Treasurer; Robert B. Thomson, Assistant 
 Secretary and Assistant Treasurer; Charles C. 
 Chace, Auditor; James H. Ashby, General 
 Superintendent. 
 
 Description of Union Stock Yards. — The 
 pens for the various kinds of stock — which 
 hold from one to ten cars each — are laid out 
 
7o6 
 
 HISTORICAL EN"CYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 in divisions distinct from each other, much 
 after the manner of city wards, the intersect- 
 ing streets running through them at right 
 angles. There are 13,000 pens, 8,500 of which 
 are covered for the housing of hogs and sheep. 
 These enclosed pens cover seventy-five acres 
 of ground and a large proportion of them are 
 double-decked, affording unexcelled facilities 
 for rapid unloading and yarding of the heaviest 
 runs. Numerous viaducts lead from the Yards 
 to the packing houses, and from one part of 
 the Yards to another, insuring expeditious de- 
 livery of stock sold and — by affording means 
 of rapid transfer of stock — quick relief of con- 
 gestion in any section of the Yards. The 
 Yards contain 25 miles of streets, brick and 
 plank covered; 25 miles of water-troughs; 90 
 miles of water-pipes and 50 miles of sewerage. 
 Six artesian wells furnish an abundant water 
 supply. The least depth of any well is 1,250 
 feet, and the greatest depth is 2,250 feet. The 
 water-tower has a capacity of 30,000 gallons 
 and the combined capacity of ponds and reser- 
 voirs is 10,000,000 gallons; 7,000,000 gallons of 
 water are consumed here on the hottest days. 
 Every part of the Yards and the vast packing- 
 house district adjacent is connected by a com- 
 plete system of over-head viaducts. There are 
 625 chutes for loading and unloading stock, and 
 the employes of the Stock Yards Company re- 
 lieve the shipper of all trouble in handling 
 stock after it is received at the Yards. All 
 kinds of feed are delivered into any and all 
 pens by company employes, who also look after 
 the watering, feeding and yarding of all stock. 
 The cars of live stock are received, unloaded 
 and delivered, at a rate reaching 400 car-loads 
 at one time. The facilities are such that, by 
 an arrangement of chutes, an entire train may 
 be unloaded as rapidly as a single car. After 
 the cars have been unloaded and the feeding 
 and watering of stock has been accomplished, 
 the selling begins, the stock being mostly con- 
 signed for sale on commission. There are 
 over 300 buyers constantly on the market, in- 
 suring a constant and reliable demand for all 
 classes of stock. 
 
 In the center of the Yards stands the Ex- 
 change Building, In which are the offices of the 
 company, as well as those of commission firms 
 and buyers. The National Live Stock Bank, 
 also located In the Exchange Building, com- 
 menced buHlnoHH on March 1, 1888, succeeding 
 the Union Stock Yards National Bank, estab- 
 
 lished in 1868, the latter being preceded by 
 the banking firm of Solomon Sturges & Sons, in 
 1866-67. The capital of the National Live 
 Stock Bank is $1,000,000, with $750,000 surplus 
 and about $553,906 undivided profits March 4, 
 1904. 
 
 The Drovers' Trust and Savings Bank, located 
 at Forty-second and Halsted Streets, began 
 business February 3, 1902, with a capital of 
 $200,000. It has a surplus of $30,000 and 
 $8,402.70 undivided profits, less expenses and 
 taxes paid. The Stock Yards Savings Bank, 
 situated in the Exchange Building, was or- 
 ganized February 17, 1902, with a capital and 
 surplus of $305,000. The amount of its undi- 
 vided profits on June 6, 1904, was $57,000. The 
 Peoples Trust & Savings Bank, 4711 Ashland 
 Avenue, was organized in May, 1904, and began 
 business June 1, 1904. It is capitalized at 
 $200,000. The Union Stock Yards State Bank, 
 at the intersection of Forty-seventh Street, 
 Gross and Ashland Avenues, was opened June 
 7, 1904, with a capital of $200,000. 
 
 On Halsted Street, near the entrance stands 
 the Transit House (formerly known as the 
 Hough House) a first-class hotel which is owned 
 and conducted by the company for the enter- 
 tainment of stockmen and others doing busi- 
 ness at the Yards, and is especially convenient 
 for dealers and patrons of the horse market. 
 This hotel has recently been completely re- 
 modeled and refurnished, and will be fully de- 
 scribed further on. 
 
 Another feature of the Yards, constantly in- 
 creasing in interest and importance, is to be 
 found in the extensive structure known as the 
 Dexter Park Amphitheater, designed for fancy 
 horse sales, high class stock shows and auction 
 sales of fine breeding stock. On September 21, 
 1899, the great frame building, so widely known 
 as the "Horse Pavilion" and the largest struc- 
 ture of its kind in existence, was destroyed by 
 fire. Before the flames were under control, 
 plans had been started for a new building, and 
 in an almost incredible time a more modern 
 structure had been completed. This new 
 building is of Romanesque design, 600 feet long 
 by 200 feet wide, built of brick, stone and 
 steel, and practically fire-proof. There are 
 perfect stable accommodations for 600 animals, 
 1,500 tons of hay and 50,000 bushels of grain. 
 This building is lighted by electricity, is 
 thorouglily heated by steam, and the great dome 
 in the center covers an amphitheater, with con- 
 
mSTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 707 
 
 necting galleries, from which 5,000 people can 
 comfortably view the thorough-bred stock sales, 
 and brilliant horse exhibitions, or the high-class 
 breeding and fat-stock sales and shows, for 
 which this great market is noted. In the con- 
 struction of the new building over » 2,000,000 
 bricks have been used, and thousands of tons 
 of steel and stone. The cost has been over 
 $200,000, and in every particular this structure 
 is unrivalled, being not only the largest, but 
 the best appointed and most complete of its 
 kind in the world. Both private and auction 
 sales are held here, as well as competitive live- 
 stock and agricultural exhibits. 
 
 The Union Stock Yard & Transit Company 
 expends for construction and repairs from 
 $250,000 to $750,000 per year. Special atten- 
 tion has been paid to the matter of sewerage. 
 The drainage of the Yards is carried through 
 50 miles of sewers into the Chicago River, 
 through which it finds its way through the 
 Drainage Canal to the Gulf of Mexico. The 
 sanitary conditions and provisions for the care 
 and health of the stock are as perfect as scien- 
 tific study and practical experience have been 
 able to devise. In the last year a large sec- 
 tion of the yards has been permanently im- 
 proved with brick floorings and the work is 
 being extended to completion. The use of 
 brick for this purpose not only makes a per- 
 manent improvement, but insures increased 
 cleanliness and safety for stock, and is greatly 
 appreciated by shippers and dealers alike. The 
 plant represents an enormous outlay. The 
 company has about 2,000 employes, while the 
 200 commission firms doing business here em- 
 ploy some 1,500 assistants. About 50 firms of 
 packers do business here, some twenty of whom 
 are prominent. In addition to the local 
 slaughterers and packers, there are over 100 
 buyers for eastern and foreign markets. The 
 plants of the local packing concerns, which are 
 located immediately back of and adjoining the 
 Union Stock Yards proper, are estimated to be 
 worth fully $25,000,000, while the capital 
 invested in their business falls little, if at all, 
 below $60,000,000. 
 
 In and about the packing-houses 40,000 em- 
 ployes are kept busy, the annual wages paid 
 reaching the sum of $30,000,000, while the total 
 value of the products for the year ending Jan- 
 uary 1, 1904, reached the enormous aggregate 
 of over $288,000,000. 
 
 CHICAGO JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 This company, which is controlled by the 
 Chicago Junction Railway and Union Stock 
 Yards Company, is a consolidation of the Chi- 
 cago, Hammond & Western Railway Company, 
 the Chicago & Indiana State Line Railway 
 Company, and the Transit Department of the 
 Union Stock Yard & Transit Company, with a 
 total mileage of more than 300 miles of main 
 track and sidings, including 150 miles of tracks 
 in and around the Stock Yards and packing 
 house district. It has 50 engines and 700 
 cars. Its tracks, terminals and icing facilities 
 are unexcelled, and it is the best equipped of 
 any railroad in Chicago to transact a freight 
 business. This railroad extends from Whiting, 
 Ind., to Hammond, with lines extending on 
 both sides of the Calumet River to South Chi- 
 cago; from Hammond to Blue Island; thence 
 to Franklin Park, forming a belt line outside 
 and around the city, together with an inner 
 line extending from Chappell to the Union 
 Stock Yards; thus connecting with all the rail- 
 roads entering Chicago and placing the Union 
 Stock Yards in a commanding position. It 
 handles the vast trafBc of "Packingtown," its 
 meats and supplies of all kinds, and long trains 
 of refrigerator, coal, grain and freight cars 
 are constantly moving day and night over the 
 mazes of tracks threading the district through- 
 out. The company maintains a high standard 
 of service in the handling of shipments to and 
 from the industries located on its lines, and in 
 addition furnishes to its patrons the same 
 basis of rates as applies to Chicago proper. 
 The General Officers of the Company (1900) 
 are: John Spoor, President; R. Fitzgerald, 
 Vice-President; Secretary and Treasurer, 
 Charles D. Moyer; Auditor, Charles C. Chase; 
 Agent Industrial Department, W. A. Sumner. 
 
 THE WORLD'S HORSE MARKET. 
 
 Chicago's supremacy as a horse market is 
 as marked as its supremacy as a live-stock 
 market. In addition to the great Dexter Park 
 Amphitheater, there are thirty immense horse 
 and mule barns, constructed of brick two 
 stories high, with all modern improvements. 
 The following table will give an idea of its 
 size: 
 
7o8 
 
 HISTORICAL EJ^OYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Capacity for horses or mules 6,000 
 
 Area covered by market 100 acres 
 
 Area covered by stables 45 acres 
 
 Stable floor space 75 acres 
 
 Capacity of amphitheater 600 animals 
 
 Length of amphitheater 600 feet 
 
 Width of amphitheater 200 feet 
 
 Cost of amphitheater $200,000 
 
 Number of stables 30 
 
 Number of employes 300 men 
 
 Water supply pipe line 10 miles 
 
 For over thirty-eight years, horses and mules 
 have been received and sold at auction and 
 otherwise at the Union Stock Yards, but it has 
 only been some fifteen years that the business 
 has been handled under a separate department 
 of the Stock Yards Company. Where now are 
 located the stables and auction pavilion were 
 formerly the grounds of the old Dexter Park 
 race course, upon which transpired some of 
 the most brilliant contests of the turf; and 
 here all the celebrities of the horse world per- 
 formed, including Flora Temple, record 2:19%; 
 Dexter, record 2:17i4; Maud S., record 2:08%; 
 Johnson, record 2:06%, and many others that 
 reigned the champions of their day. 
 
 In 1886, and during the years immediately 
 succeeding, J. S. Cooper, F. J. Berry, J. Koehler 
 and M. Newgass and Son located here, and they 
 were soon followed by other commission firms, 
 now comprising the National Horse Exchange. 
 With the advent of these men the market took 
 a new life, the business increased with incred- 
 ible rapidity, new brick stables were put up 
 and the grounds were improved. In the last 
 year four immense brick stables', as well as 
 the brick amphitheater, all completely equipped, 
 and in every way modern structures of their 
 kind, have been erected, and today we have the 
 greatest horse and mule market in the world 
 from every standpoint. 
 
 HORSES HANDLED. 
 
 Largest receipts for one day 1,697 
 
 L&rgest receipts for one week 4,369 
 
 Largest receipts for one month 17,782 
 
 Largest receipts for one year 118,754 
 
 Carloads of horses In 1898 6,2tt0 
 
 Valuation of horKCa sold In 1903 $13,455,651 
 
 Grand total horses received In 37 years.. .. 1,847,323 
 
 Grand total horses shipped In 37 years .. 1,696,876 
 
 AvERAfiE Prices of Hokseh, 1901-1903. — 
 A monthly report of the average price of 
 horfieB sold at the Union Stock Yards during the 
 pa«t three years. Indicates a steady advance in 
 fach Krade from year to year. The figures for 
 f-ach ytt&r aro as follows: 
 
 1901 1902 1903 
 
 Draft Horses $157 $166 $171 
 
 Carriage Teams 400 455 455 
 
 Drivers 137 145 150 
 
 General Use 102 117 122 
 
 Bussers and Trammers 121 135 140 
 
 Saddlers ^ 147 154 156 
 
 Southern Chunks 52 57 62 
 
 The total valuation of horses sold at the 
 Stock Yards during the year 1903 was $13,455,- 
 651, against $12,556,237 in 1899, and $10,235,000 
 in 1898. 
 
 MxjLE Department. — For a great many 
 years mules have been sold on this market, but 
 it has not been until a comparatively recent 
 period that any systematic effort has been 
 made to develop the business; nevertheless, the 
 demand has increased and each year has shown 
 a steady increase in receipts and sales. This 
 has necessitated improved facilities and large 
 new brick barns, with all improvements, have 
 been erected for the exclusive accommodation 
 of the mule trade, which is now being given 
 special attention. 
 
 The mule, by reason of its hardiness and 
 capacity for hard work, and the further fact 
 that it is subject to but few of the diseases of 
 the horse and requires less attention and care 
 than a horse, is rapjdly coming to be appre- 
 ciated for draft work, not alone in the South 
 but also for railroad and mine service in the 
 North. 
 
 The Transit House. — On Halsted Street 
 near the entrance to the Union Stock Yards, 
 stands the Transit House. This famous hos- 
 telry has probably been a home for more stock- 
 men, horsemen, commission men and Stock 
 Yards people, than any other hotel could possi- . 
 bly be, of this or any other class of people, as 
 it rarely comes within the scope of any first- 
 class hotel to cater to a people with such a com- 
 munity of interests as those who make the 
 Transit House their home. As a consequence 
 there are many pleasant recollections concerning 
 it in the hearts and minds of the live-stock peo- 
 ple of Chicago and the visiting fraternity. The 
 general feeling of sorrow expressed when the 
 Transit House caught fire during the destruc- 
 tion of the great Horse Pavilion, September 21, 
 1899, can thus readily be understood. Before 
 the fire engines had ceased to play on the ruins, 
 contracts were awarded for the reconstruction 
 of the burned pavilion and barns, and for the 
 remodeling and refurnishing of the hotel. The 
 fire had destroyed part of the south wing and 
 
'"^^f ^ '^ '"''/ 
 
 (X-i- 
 
 -V u^£c>^yi/(^C 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 709 
 
 center of the house, while the entire hotel was 
 water-soaked. Since then, in keeping with the 
 progressive management of the Yards, the in- 
 terior of the hotel has been practically 
 remodeled throughout, while the exterior archi- 
 tecture remains unchanged. The lobby and 
 corridors have been enlarged and beautifully 
 finished in dark mahogany, with heavy 
 beams paneling off the ceilings in an artistic 
 and taking way. The same general design 
 is followed in the dining-room, except that 
 the walls are tinted in deep red with white 
 and gold ceiling, while the general tint of the 
 lobby and office is green. The reading-room has 
 been finished in a fine shading of red, with 
 painted canvas ceiling. New marble fioors have 
 been put in and the building made modern in 
 every way. Every room in the house has been 
 refurnished and a large number of bath-rooms 
 installed; new carpets have been put down and 
 every room is light and airy and scrupulously 
 clean. The best beds obtainable have been 
 placed in the rooms, and everything has been 
 done that would make the house more home- 
 like than ever. The hotel is lighted through- 
 out by electricity, heated by steam and has run- 
 ning water on each floor. The dining-room has 
 been made brighter and more cheerful with its 
 new decorations and is handsomely lighted by 
 electricity. The meals are a special feature and 
 a better dinner, breakfast or supper cannot be 
 had in the city for twice the money. The win- 
 dows have been enlarged, the rooms are bright 
 and cheerful throughout, and furnished with 
 electric fans for the comfort of guests during 
 the summer months. There has' been a hand- 
 some cafe added, which is the most beautiful 
 feature of the hotel in style and design. There 
 is also a recently installed watch service, which 
 insures constant night patrol. Electric cars 
 pass the doors constantly, and with the local 
 service of the Lake Shore & Michigan South- 
 ern Railroad, easy and rapid transportation is 
 afforded, at all times of the day or night, to and 
 from the business portion of the city and thea- 
 ter district. 
 
 Enormous Business Done. — There is no 
 place in Chicago which compares in amount of 
 business done with that transacted at the yards 
 from five o'clock in the morning until three 
 o'clock in the afternoon, the great bulk of the 
 stock arriving during the night. Everything is 
 so well systematized that this enormous vol- 
 ume of business is conducted with a celerity 
 
 that is wonderful. The promptness and cer- 
 tainty with which sales are conducted and 
 remittances returned to shippers on the day 
 of sale are unequaled in any other business. 
 Shipments are now being made to nearly every 
 country on the globe. Direct wires for tele- 
 graph and telephone service connect the Chi- 
 cago Yards with all the prominent cities, 
 besides leading directly to the main offices in 
 Chicago, many of the firms having their pri- 
 vate wires, giving the entire system a capacity 
 of several thousand messages an hour. 
 
 During the past year about $500,000 has been 
 expended by this company in new improve- 
 ments already completed, about $100,000 worth 
 are now under headway, and other extensive 
 and very important improvements are projected 
 and soon to be undertaken. 
 
 An immense addition to the sheep market 
 has just been completed, with the latest 
 improved facilities to accommodate the rapidly 
 increasing sheep business of this market. It 
 has a capacity of 20,000 sheep per day. 
 
 The largest and latest improved sheep dip 
 and pool in the world is in operation here, 
 under control of inspectors appointed by the 
 Government, and has a capacity for dipping 
 10,000 per day. 
 
 Improvements. — Near the sheep house, where 
 the old water-works stood, a new power plant 
 was installed in 1904 which pumps water 
 from the new 8,000,000-gallon reservoir, and 
 supplies the entire Yards with arc and incan- 
 descent lights. In addition to this, three brick 
 scale houses were erected. In the shipping 
 division all the old fixtures were torn away and 
 new ones substituted, thus affording much bet- 
 ter facilities for tagging and loading export 
 cattle. During the same year the new Ham- 
 mond plant, transferred from Hammond, Ind., 
 was opened for business. It is one of the most 
 up-to-date slaughtering establishments in the 
 world, and has a much greater capacity than 
 the old plant. 
 
 Among the improvements contemplated 
 (March, 1904) for the coming year, are exten- 
 sive track elevation and a permanent tube ser- 
 vice from the local postoffice to the city. 
 
 In the presentation of this industry we prove 
 that Chicago stands without a rival. While 
 reports show that she has the largest grain, 
 lumber and wholesale dry-goods market In the 
 world, yet there is more business done and 
 more actual value handled in Chicago's live 
 
7IO 
 
 HISTORICAL EiNOYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 stock trade alone, than in her grain, lumber and 
 dry goods combined. Add to this the value 
 created by the packers in the processes of 
 slaughtering, manufacturing and distributing 
 the various parts and products of the slaugh- 
 tered animals, and we have an enormous grand 
 total. 
 
 From various sources there were received at 
 the Union Stock Yards during the year 1903, 
 302,915 cars of live stock, embracing. 
 
 Cattle 3.432,486 
 
 Calves 271,743 
 
 Sheep 4,582,760 
 
 Hogs (average weight, 226 lbs) .., 7,325,92.3 
 
 Horses 100,603 
 
 Total, animals 15,713,515 
 
 Valued at $228,152,707, as against $42,765,328 in 
 1866. 
 
 In thirty-eight years since the Yards were 
 established there have been received: 
 
 Cattle 71,499,896 
 
 Calves 3,041,768 
 
 Sheep 61,241,143 
 
 Hogs 217,418,600 
 
 Horses 1,847,323 
 
 Total, animals 355,048,730 
 
 Valuation $6,393,742,642 
 
 The shipments of all kinds of stock from the 
 Yards during the thirty-eight years have been 
 107,232,392 animals, making the grand total 
 handled by the Union Stock Yard & Transit 
 Company of Chicago, since its establishment, 
 462,281,122 head. 
 
 LARGEST RECEIPTS. 
 
 The largest receipts of stock in one day have 
 been as follows: 
 
 Cattle. Sept. 28, 1903 44,445 
 
 Calves. April 15. 1902 5.076 
 
 Hogs. Feb. 11. 1895 74.551 
 
 Sheep, Sept. 29, 1902 59,362 
 
 Horses. March 25. 1901 1.697 
 
 Cars, Dec. 1, 1902 2,811 
 
 The largest receipts of stock in one week 
 have been: 
 
 Cattle, week endlriK Sept. 17, 1891 95,524 
 
 Calveii. week ending May 0. 1903 9.230 
 
 HogK, week ending Nov. 20, 1880 300,488 
 
 Sboep, week ending Oct. 18. 1902 162.459 
 
 Horsed, week ending Mar. 30. 1895 4.369 
 
 Can, WMlc ending Dec. l.*;. 1902 8.474 
 
 The largest receipts of stock in one month 
 have been: 
 
 Cattle. September, 1892 385,466 
 
 Calves, April, 1903 37,546 
 
 Hogs, November, 1880 1,111,997 
 
 Sheep, October, 1902 613,547 
 
 Horses, March, 1897 17,782 
 
 Cars, December, 1891 31,910 
 
 The largest receipts of stock in one year 
 have been: 
 
 Cattle, 1892 3,571,796 
 
 Calves, 1903 271,743 
 
 Hogs, 1898 8,817,114 
 
 Sheep, 1903 4,582,760 
 
 Horses, 1898 118,754 
 
 Cars, 1890 311,557 
 
 In reviewing the number and value of ani- 
 mals received at this market, Hon. George F. 
 Stone, the veteran Secretary of the Chicago 
 Board of Trade, says: 
 
 "A studious contemplation of the above 
 figures must bring before the mind a vast, 
 complex and yet systematic volume of busi- 
 ness, the ramifications of which extend into 
 every department of mercantile life, affect- 
 ing lard, lumber and iron, dry goods and 
 grain, transportation and banking; indeed, 
 nearly every activity in the range of com- 
 merce is set and kept in motion by this great 
 industry, from its inception to its distribu- 
 tion and final assimilation." 
 
 Present Officers. — President, J. A. Spoor, 
 Chicago; First Vice-President, Alvin H. San- 
 ders, Chicago; Second Vice-President, DeWitt 
 C. Smith, Springfield, 111.; General Manager, 
 W. E. Skinner, Chicago; Treasurer, R. Z. Her- 
 rick, Chicago; Secretary, Mortimer Levering, 
 Lafayette, Ind. 
 
 The Board of Directors is made up of the 
 Presidents of all recognized Breeding Record 
 Associations in the United States and Canada. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL LIVE-STOCK EXPOSI- 
 TIONS. 
 
 We have shown in this statement of the 
 Rise and Progress of the Live Stock and Meat 
 Packing Industry of Chicago from 1827 to 1904, 
 that Chicago is supreme in her genius for 
 organizing and carrying forward to complete 
 success any enterprise, no matter how large or 
 how difTicult, and, as an (epitome or condensed 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 711 
 
 result of the whole movement herein described, 
 is presented the following summary of Interna- 
 tional Live-Stock Expositions held in the last 
 four years, beginning with 1900: 
 
 During the fall of 1899 the friends of live 
 stock and agriculture made a careful survey of 
 the conditions of these two great industries 
 throughout the United States, and came to the 
 conclusion that an era of increased and 
 improved live-stock production was an absolute 
 necessity in order to prevent a period of 
 scarcity of animals and meats, a consequent 
 decline in our exports, and a further decrease 
 in the fertility of the soil on the farms of the 
 Middle West, upon the preservation of which 
 must necessarily depend the continued suc- 
 cess of both stock-raising and crop-growing. 
 It was noticed that live-stock production was 
 not keeping pace with the increase of popula- 
 tion in the United States, that the producing 
 area could not expand, and that henceforth 
 intensive use of productive capacity must be 
 relied upon to supply the increased needs of an 
 increasing population. Efforts had been made 
 by the live-stock and agricultural press to 
 arouse the stockmen and farmers of the country 
 to a realization of these facts and the neces- 
 sity of increasing and improving their live 
 stock; but they had been without leadership, 
 without incentive, and without the practical 
 object lessons which the magnitude and impor- 
 tance of the subject demanded. It was seen 
 that, in order to awaken the necessary interest 
 in the subject, a campaign of practical educa- 
 tion would be necessary. 
 
 The outcome of these considerations was the 
 establishment of an International Live-Stock 
 Exposition as a broad educational factor for all 
 the people. The mission of the International 
 Live-Stock Exposition was to gather into one 
 place the best specimens of cattle, sheep, swine, 
 and horses that could be found, and thereby 
 present to the agricultural population of the 
 United States a great and valuable educational 
 opportunity, wherein the eye and the mind 
 should be instructed and encouraged to the pro- 
 duction of better animals for breeding, market- 
 ing and exporting, thus encouraging greater 
 consumption of American animals and meats 
 at home and abroad. 
 
 In 1902 a new live-stock building, called 
 Pedigree Cattle Pavilion, 600x137 feet, was con- 
 structed, of brick and steel, for the exhibition 
 of cattle at the Exposition, to be used at other 
 
 times for special sales and handling pure-bred 
 stock. This pavilion, in addition to the Dexter 
 Park Amphitheater and the other large show 
 buildings, afforded ample accommodations 
 for all the exhibits at the stock show. 
 
 First International Stock Exposition. — 
 On December 1, 1900, the management threw 
 open to the public the gates of the first Inter- 
 national Live-Stock Exposition, and the exhibit 
 which continued during the week, December 
 1-8, proved the most wonderful and complete 
 of its kind ever made, surpassing even the 
 famous Smithfield show of England and second 
 only to the World's Columbian Exposition in 
 interest for those engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits — even surpassing the latter in this par- 
 ticular line, as the whole world was asked to 
 contribute to its success. 
 
 The interest awakened was intense and 
 instantaneous. The little farmer with his 
 dozen animals, the large feeder with his several 
 hundred head, and the range man with his 
 thousands, came and saw and were convinced 
 that there were living machines which would 
 produce more and better meats on the same 
 amount of feed, than would the heterogeneous 
 animals they had been raising. The wonderful 
 success of the first Exposition removed all 
 uncertainty as to whether the interest in pure- 
 bred stock was confined only to a few wealthy 
 fanciers who held their herds for show pur- 
 poses, or whether it was a lively, vital, every- 
 day question among all breeders and raisers. 
 The expectations of every one interested in 
 stock were realized, and it was unanimously 
 decided that the International Live-Stock Expo- 
 sition should become an annual affair. 
 
 The Second International Live-Stock Expo- 
 sition was held from November 30 to December 
 7, 1901. There were over 4,000 entries, com- 
 peting in 600 classes of cattle, sheep, swine and 
 draft-horses, for premiums aggregating $110,- 
 000. Practically 12,000 animals, coming from 
 all parts of this country and from England, 
 Scotland, Argentine, Canada and France, were 
 on exhibition, and they were viewed by over 
 400,000 people from all quarters of the globe. 
 Special auction sales of pure-bred stock were 
 held during the show, and realized enormous 
 prices. A total of 322 cows and bulls of stand- 
 ard breeds were sold at public auction, and 
 fully as many at private sales. 
 
 The Third International Live-Stock Expo- 
 sition was held in Dexter Park Amphitheater 
 
712 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 and surrounding buildings, from November 29 
 to December 6, 1902, with the car-load exhibits 
 in the Union Stock Yards proper, as in the 
 two previous Expositions. It was a demonstra- 
 tion in many ways. No better evidence of the 
 immense value of these annual expositions to 
 the live stock industry of the whole North 
 American continent could be desired than to 
 witness the marked improvement since the first 
 show in 1900, in the breeding, quality, and con- 
 dition, in both pure-bred and fat classes, of 
 the thousands of animals gathered from every 
 State, and exhibited side by side with the best 
 imported ones. The car-load exhibits and show 
 of draft horses were far beyond anything of 
 the kind ever before seen in this or any other 
 country. One of the important events of this 
 show was the dedication, on December 1, of the 
 Pure Bred Live-Stock Record Building, at the 
 corner of Dexter Park and Exchange Avenues, 
 near the main entrance to the Stock Yards. It 
 was erected by the Union Stock Yard and Tran- 
 sit Company as a permanent home for the 
 various National Pure-Bred Live Stock Record 
 Associations, the Exposition Association, and 
 as the chief meeting place of the live stock 
 representatives of the world. 
 
 Fourth Exposition. — When the fourth Inter- 
 national Live-Stock Exposition was held at the 
 usual time in December, it was noticed that, 
 in every department, the improvement in the 
 quality of the exhibits was most pronounced. 
 This was due to the fact that the Exposition 
 Is unquestionably fulfilling its mission, in that 
 it is creating, for the breeders and the feeders, 
 ideals that call forth their greatest genius to 
 produce. Live stock experts made the state- 
 ment that it was hardly possible to realize that 
 only four short years had passed since the first 
 Exposition, instead of a century, as the change 
 In ideals or standards would imply. 
 
 The Fifth International Live-Stock Expo- 
 sition was held at the Union Stock Yards, from 
 November 20, to December 3, 1904. In point of 
 attendance and enthusiasm, number of exhibit- 
 ors and value of awards, it was the greatest 
 show ever held by the International Live-Stock 
 Exposition Association. 
 
 The first day of the show was devoted to a 
 Judging contest by the agricultural students. 
 In which five from each of the following insti- 
 tutions participated: Ontario Agricultural 
 College, Ouelph, Ont.; Iowa Agricultural Col- 
 
 lege; Michigan Agricultural College; Ohio 
 Agricultural College; Texas Agricultural Col- 
 lege, and the Kansas State Agricultural Col- 
 lege. The contest was open to farmers' sons 
 as well as students, but, of the hundreds pres- 
 ent at the opening session, only one young man 
 admitted that he had been born on the farm. 
 
 Six thousand of the finest cattle, horses, 
 sheep and hogs that North America is capable 
 of producing, as well as a number of foreign- 
 bred horses, were on exhibition, among the 
 latter being fifteen horses from the stables of 
 King Leopold II. of Belgium, in charge of 
 Baron von Schelle. There were also exhibits 
 from France and Germany. A great deal of 
 interest was manifested in the Horse Fair in 
 Dexter Park Pavilion, where Belgian and hack- 
 ney horses were shown in hand, also ponies as 
 well as four-in-hand and six-in-hand draft- 
 teams of a half-dozen packing firms. 
 
 The entries in the horse classes were of so 
 high a standard that much diflBculty was found 
 by the judges in separating them. The Pabst 
 Brewing Company, of Milwaukee, won first 
 prize over all the Stock Yards entries in the 
 class for single mares or geldings weighing 
 over 1,760 pounds. Canada made almost a 
 clean sweep in the sheep classes, winning in 
 six out of eight. The record-holding Here- 
 ford calf,, "General Manager," owned by the 
 Iowa Agricultural College, won the grand 
 championship in competition with the best cat- 
 tle at the show, and also received two first 
 prizes. Another first prize winner was the 
 Minnesota Agricultural College steer, "Clear 
 Lake Jute." 
 
 A new feature introduced during the exijo- 
 sition was a corn judging contest, in which 
 agricultural students participated. 
 
 While the Horse Fair was in progress, a 
 mass-meeting of the International Live Stock 
 Association was held in the Pedigree Record 
 Building, at which it was definitely settled 
 that there is to be an elaborate exhibition 
 structure erected at the Stock Yards for future 
 stock expositions. Nearly $11,000 of the $14,000 
 necessary to complete a guarantee fund of 
 $50,000 was subscribed, and Vice-President 
 Alvln H. Sanders said that the undertaking 
 was assured. The raising of this guaranty 
 fund means that the Union Stock Yards and 
 Transit Company will enlarge the present 
 Dexter Park Pavilion to make it one of the 
 largest coliseum buildings in America. It will 
 
/ / 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 713 
 
 be expanded to seat six thousand persons, while 
 the arena space will be 340x202 feet. 
 
 The live stock at this exposition occupied 
 thirty buildings, with twenty acres -of floor 
 space, it having been found necessary to erect 
 temporary structures in order to accommodate 
 all of the animals. 
 
 The total attendance during the week was 
 461,390, or nearly 150,000 more than that of last year. 
 
 "Scientific agriculture and stock raising is 
 fast coming to be recognized," said President 
 Edmund J. James, of the University of Illinois. 
 "The fact that the University of Minnesota 
 students carried off the grand champion prize 
 at this show proves its value. It is our inten- 
 tion that the University of Illinois shall have 
 one of the best agricultural schools in the world." 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 CHICAGO GRAIN TRADE. 
 
 AN EXAMPLE OF MARVELOUS DEVELOPMENT PROG- 
 RESS OF FIFTY YEARS THE CHICAGO BOARD OF 
 
 TRADE — STATE LAWS REGULATING WAREHOUSES 
 AND GRAIN INSPECTION — LIST OF INSPECTORS 
 AND REGISTRARS CHICAGO STANDARD OF IN- 
 SPECTION WIDELY ACCEPTED ^HISTORY OF ELE- 
 VATOR SYSTEM A CHICAGO GRAIN ELEVATOR 
 
 AND ITS OPERATION DESCRIBED GRAIN TRADE 
 
 STATISTICS — 1900 A RECORD BREAKING YEAR. 
 
 In no single item has the marvelous develop- 
 ment of Chicago trade and commerce been more 
 strikingly exemplified than in the statistics of 
 the grain trade. An illustration of its growth 
 in this respect is furnished in the increase in 
 number and capacity of its grain warehouses 
 and elevators during a period of half a century, 
 which virtually covers the history of this line 
 of business. Situated in the heart of an agri- 
 cultural region of unsurpassed fertility and at 
 the connecting point between the vast Missis- 
 sippi Valley with the great Lakes, affording an 
 easy and cheap route of almost uninterrupted 
 water transit to the Atlantic coast, with the 
 demonstrated possibility of a direct and regular 
 communication with European ports, the de- 
 velopment in this respect has been one of the 
 marvels of the century, though, when consid- 
 ered in the light of the growth of railways 
 
 and other enterprises on the American con- 
 tinent, a natural evolution. 
 
 A few figures from the statistics of Chicago 
 trade will serve to illustrate this point. In 
 1838, the first year of which any record has 
 been furnished, the grain shipments for the 
 port of Chicago amounted to a total of 78 bush- 
 els of wheat. The growth of the next few 
 years was steady but gradual, though confined 
 exclusively to the wheat trade. In 1844 Chi- 
 cago began to send out its first shipments of 
 fiour, amounting to 6,320 barrels, with nearly 
 900,000 bushels of wheat, making a total of less 
 than 925,000 bushels of this commodity. The 
 completion of the Illinois and Michigan Canal 
 between Chicago and LaSalle, in 1848, and the 
 organization of the Chicago Board of Trade the 
 same year, were events marking an epoch in 
 the commercial history of the city, and from 
 that time there was a rapid increase in both 
 the volume and variety of commodities which 
 found a market here. The total shipments of 
 grain from this city for that year aggregated 
 a little over 3,000,000 bushels, of which more 
 than two-thirds was in wheat and flour. 
 
 The influence of the Board of Trade in 
 developing this, as well as all other branches 
 of the Chicago produce trade, has been most 
 marked. It has been largely through the influ- 
 ence of that organization that uniform systems 
 of conducting trade and improved methods of 
 storage and transportation have been adopted. 
 It is also due to its efforts that the annual 
 statistics of trade have been preserved, making 
 it possible to trace the growth of business from 
 year to year. The flrst State law regulating 
 warehouses and the business of warehousemen 
 was enacted in 1851, the number of grain ware- 
 houses or elevators in the city of Chicago at 
 that time being three, with an estimated capac- 
 ity of 750,000 bushels. In 1858 the system of 
 inspecting and grading grain was adopted — a 
 device of the Board of Trade which went far 
 to establish the reputation of Chicago grain 
 in the markets of the world, and at the follow- 
 ing session of the General Assembly (1859) it 
 was recognized in the enactment of a State law 
 on the subject, though its operation was prac- 
 tically left in the hands of the Board of Trade. 
 Messrs. Julian S. Rumsey, S. H. Butler and 
 Charles S. Dole were appointed a committee to 
 draft a new system of wheat inspection, and 
 George Sitts served as the first Chief Inspector. 
 At first the system applied only to grain re- 
 
714 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 c€ived by railroads, but was soon after ex- 
 tended to receipts by lake and the canal. 
 
 A second and more comprehensive State law 
 was enacted in 1867. By this time the three 
 elevators of 1851 had been increased to seven- 
 teen, with a storage capacity of 10,880,000 bush- 
 els. The act of 1867 took the matter of grain 
 inspection out of the hands of the Board of 
 Trade and introduced a number of stringent 
 regulations which were found impracticable of 
 enforcement, and some of its main provisions 
 were repealed at the session of 1869. The sub- 
 ject was taken cognizance of in the Constitution 
 of 1870, making it the duty of the General 
 Assembly to "pass laws for the inspection of 
 grain, for the protection of producers, ship- 
 pers and receivers of grain and produce," with 
 the result that elaborate laws have been enacted 
 regulating the receipt, inspection, storage and 
 shipment of grain, the enforcement of which 
 is placed in the hands of the Railroad and 
 Warehouse Commission appointed by the Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 The principal executive officer connected with 
 the Grain Department is the "Chief Inspector," 
 appointed by the Governor on the recommenda- 
 tion of the Railroad and Warehouse Commis- 
 sion, who have authority to establish rules and 
 regulations for the discharge of the duties of 
 his office. The second officer connected with 
 the warehouse department is the "Warehouse 
 Registrar," who receives his appointment at 
 the hands of the Commission. It is the duty 
 of the Chief Inspector to exercise general super- 
 vision over the inspection of all grain received 
 in or shipped from the elevators in Chicago, 
 under rules and regulations prescribed by the 
 Railway and Warehouse Commission, and to 
 this end he has the authority to recommend to 
 the Board, for appointment, as many assistant 
 inspectors as may be needed for the proper 
 performance of the work. The registrar is 
 the accountant of the Board, whose duty it is 
 to keep an account of and report upon receipts 
 of the different kinds of grain into and ship- 
 ments out of the several elevators, and the 
 amount remaining on hand in each at the end 
 of the fiscal year — which terminates with the 
 3l8t of October. The following is a list of the 
 Incumbents In these two offices since the organ- 
 ization of the Railroad and Warehouse Com- 
 mission under the act of 1871: 
 
 CHIEF GRAIN INSPECTOES. 
 
 Wm. F. Tompkins 1871-73 
 
 Wm. H. Harper 1873-75 
 
 Gen. John C. Smith 1875-77 
 
 Wm. H. Sweet 1877-78 
 
 John P. Reynolds 1878-82 
 
 P. Bird Price 1882-83 
 
 Frank Drake 1883-85 
 
 P. Bird Price 1885-93 
 
 Geo. P. Bunker 1893-95 
 
 D. W. Andrews 1895-97 
 
 Edwin J. Noble 1897-01 
 
 Jos. E. Bidwell 1901-04 
 
 W. S. Cowen 1904- 
 
 WAREHOUSE REGISTRARS. 
 
 Steven Clary 1871-73 
 
 Troilus H. Tyndale 1873-79 
 
 Henry S. Dean 1879-81 
 
 P. Bird Price 1881-82 
 
 Wm. C. Mitchell 1882-86 
 
 John W. Burst 1886-93 
 
 Louis Wagner 1893-97 
 
 Daniel Hogan 1897-04 
 
 A. J. Lovejoy 1904- 
 
 The highest compliment to the system of 
 inspection in use in the City of Chicago, has 
 been the high standard fixed for the grain from 
 this market at the leading export points and in 
 foreign markets, and the adoption of the same, 
 or a similar system, in many of the principal 
 cities both in this country and in Canada. 
 The number of elevators in the City of Chi- 
 cago at the time of the great fire of 1871 was 
 seventeen, with an estimated capacity of 
 11,750,000 bushels. Of these six were destroyed 
 with over one and a half million bushels of 
 grain, the eleven remaining having a capacity 
 of nearly 9,000,000 bushels. 
 
 The intimate relation between the elevator 
 system of Chicago and the railroads is shown 
 by the fact that, while these structures were 
 either originally built beside railroad tracks, 
 or have been connected therewith by switches 
 or side-tracks for purposes of convenience in 
 receiving and shipping grain, many have been 
 erected by railroad companies, or upon their 
 lands, through the inducements offered to cap- 
 italists. Thus, the first elevator of considerable 
 size erected in Chicago was built by Chicago's 
 early capitalist and grain dealer, Solomon 
 Sturges, in partnership with Clarence P. and 
 
HISTORICAL E:N"CYCL0PEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 715 
 
 Alvah Buckingham, in 1854, upon ground 
 leased from the Illinois Central Railroad Com- 
 pany. In 1855 the Chicago & Rock Island 
 Company erected its first elevator here, with a 
 capacity of 700,000 bushels, at a cost of 
 $125,000, and in 1861 or 1862, Messrs. Munn & 
 Scott entered into contract with the Chicago & 
 Northwestern Railroad to erect a large elevator 
 on the depot grounds of the latter. While the 
 number of Chicago elevators was diminished 
 by a destructive fire a few years ago, the sev- 
 enteen separate and distinct structures, with 
 some half dozen "annexes," still have an esti- 
 mated storage capacity of 28,000,000 bushels. 
 
 The following description of the construction 
 and operation of a Chicago elevator, taken from 
 the "History of Chicago" (Vol. I., article 
 "Trade and Commerce"), issued by the Munsell 
 Publishing Company in 1895, may have an 
 interest for the general reader — one of the 
 Armour elevators being chosen for the pur- 
 pose of description: 
 
 "The enormous ground floor at first reminds 
 one of the transept of a great cathedral. Here 
 grain is received from wagons or cars, 
 inspected and graded, but on this floor there are 
 no facilities for storage. Above, the heavy tim- 
 bers which form its top, however, rise to the alti- 
 tude of nearly 150 feet, tier after tier of lofts 
 whose areas are broken by long rows of mighty 
 bins and ponderous weighing machines. There 
 are 379 of these bins, each 12x12x65 feet, and 
 capable of containing 7,000 bushels, their total 
 capacity exceeding 2,500,000 bushels — an 
 amount beyond ordinary comprehension. They 
 can receive and weigh 500 cars, or 300,000 
 bushels, per day, while their capacity for deliv- 
 ery is 100,000 bushels per hour. As an example 
 of what may be accomplished by the substitu- 
 tion of machinery for manual labor, this rec- 
 ord is said to stand unrivaled, and is repeated 
 over and over again each year. Seventy-five 
 men are found sufficient to operate this machin- 
 ery, which is driven by a Corliss engine of 1,200 
 horse-power of the description known as 'fore- 
 and-aft compound valve-motion.' The main 
 driving belt, which is made of eight-ply rubber 
 and duck, is said to be the largest in the world, 
 being 250 feet long and five feet wide. It 
 runs very nearly vertically from the engine to 
 the pulley on the counter-shaft, which is sit- 
 uated at the top of the building. All along 
 other counter-shafts are pulleys over which 
 run no less than twenty 8-inch rubber elevator 
 
 belts, each of which carries steel buckets riv- 
 eted to its face at regular intervals. Aa these 
 belts move upward they carry full buckets on 
 one side, which, as they pass over the driving 
 pulley at the top, are emptied and descend 
 empty on the other side. 
 
 "The grain, once discharged, falls through 
 chutes, by force of gravitation, to the main 
 body of the elevator, whence it is directed by 
 other chutes to any desired point. The dis- 
 tribution is accomplished by means of a chute 
 rotating en a vertical axis, the prolongation of 
 which would pass through its lower mouth. 
 Thus, when swinging round on its pivot, its 
 upper (or receiving) mouth remains constantly 
 in the same position. Around its lower end 
 are arranged, in a circle, the yawning and 
 insatiate mouths of a number of chutes, each 
 numbei'ed to correspond with a particular bin, 
 and each capable of being connected with the 
 central shaft. In this way one elevator is 
 made to feed a number of bins. 
 
 "On the next fioor below the chutes are 
 what is known as 'gamers,' which are simply 
 square bins holding 1,000 bushels each. Imme- 
 diately under each is a platform scale, whose 
 bin contains precisely the capacity of the bin 
 above it, and receives grain therefrom as 
 desired. There are 28 of these scales in all — 
 12 for receiving and 16 for shipping — ^and on 
 them the grain is weighed, the capacity of «ach 
 being 60,000 pounds. Much (probably most) 
 of the grain received is simply graded and 
 delivered in bulk,— i. e., a like weight is given 
 the owner. Other grain is received with 'iden- 
 tity to be preserved.' 
 
 "All garners, weighing bins and storage bins 
 have sloping bottoms, to prevent the lodgment 
 of kernels on their passage, and all grain is 
 weighed twice (on receipt and withdrawal), 
 each necessitating its elevation to the top of 
 the building under the system, which has been 
 explained." 
 
 Owing to irregularities in the shipment of 
 grain without the cancellation of receipts (or 
 "certificates") in recent years, the General 
 Assembly, at its last session (1901), passed 
 an act making it the duty of the warehouse- 
 man, on the receipt of grain for the purpose 
 of storage, to issue a receipt for the same, 
 which he is required, within twenty-four hours, 
 to report to the Warehouse Registrar, indicat- 
 ing the amount, grade of grain, the name of 
 the owner and the number of the receipt. The 
 
7i6 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 warehouseman is prohibited, under heavy pen- 
 alties from delivering grain upon said receipt, 
 except upon its return "stamped or otherwise 
 plainly marked hy the Warehouse Registrar 
 with the words, 'registered for cancellation,' " 
 with the date of such entry. Within twenty- 
 four hours thereafter, the warehouseman is 
 required to "report said receipts to the Regis- 
 trar cancelled." The warehouseman, his clerk 
 or agent, failing to do this, is subject to a fine 
 of $100 for each offense. The law further 
 declares, that any warehouseman or his agent, 
 delivering grain upon which such receipts have 
 been issued, or any inspector or person con- 
 nected with the Grain Department, "knowingly 
 permitting said grain to be delivered, without 
 notice from the Registrar that said receipts 
 have been registered for cancellation, shall be 
 deemed guilty of a crime," and liable to be 
 fined an amount equal to the value of the prop- 
 erty wrongfully delivered, or imprisoned for a 
 period not less than one nor more than ten 
 years. 
 
 This paper cannot conclude more fittingly 
 than by the incorporation of a few statistics 
 from the Forty-Third Annual Report of the 
 Chicago Board of Trade (for 1900). From 
 these it appears that the receipts of grain of all 
 kinds for the year (including flour in its grain 
 equivalent) was the largest in the history of 
 the Chicago grain market — being 349,637,295 
 bushels, against 320,670,441 (the next highest) 
 in 1899. The shipments for the same period 
 amounted to 265,552,246 bushels, being exceeded 
 only by those of 1898. The receipts of wheat 
 during the year aggregated 48,048,298 bushels — 
 a little more than two millions below those of 
 1892, the highest. The receipts of corn sur- 
 passed all previous records, amounting to 134,- 
 663,456 bushels, while the shipments (aggre- 
 gating 111,099,653 bushels) fell short of those 
 of 1898 and 1899 — 1898 being the record year. 
 The receipts of oats fell short of the four pre- 
 ceding years from four to seven millions, the 
 aggregate being 105,226,761 bushels. In the 
 seventeen principal elevators with their six 
 annexes, with a capacity ot 28,000,000 bushels, 
 the amount in store at the end of the year was 
 17.514.305 bushels, against 22,395,014 at the 
 beginning. Much the larger proportion of the 
 receipts of grain of all kinds came by rail, 
 that by lake and canal being less than five and 
 a half million bushels. In the amount of the 
 receipts of both corn and oats, the Chicago, 
 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad holds precedence 
 (of the former, 30,910,300 bushels), the Illi- 
 nois Central, Chicago & Northwestern and the 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific following sub- 
 stantially in the order named. These stupen- 
 dous figures indicate that Chicago still holds 
 its place as the greatest grain market of the 
 world, yet it would be unsafe to say that it has 
 reached its limit. 
 
 STATISTICS FOU 1903.— While 1900 was a 
 record-breaking year in respect to the total 
 receipts of grain in the Chicago market, the 
 receipts of wheat during that year were sur- 
 passed by those of 1901 — the latter amounting 
 to 51,197,870 bushels, against 50,234,556 bush- 
 els in 1892, the next highest in the history of 
 the city. The statistics of grain receipts and 
 shipments for the year 1903, compiled by Mr. 
 George F. Stone, Secretary of the Chicago 
 Board of Trade and published In "The Forty- 
 Sixth Annual Report of the Trade and Com- 
 merce of Chicago," present the following 
 results: 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Aggregate Receipts of Grain 275,468,195 
 
 Aggregate Shipments of Grain 210,255,151 
 
 Total Receipts of Wheat 27,124,585 
 
 Shipments of Same 21,369,548 
 
 Receipts of Corn 98,545,534 
 
 Shipments of Same 68,093,622 
 
 Receipts of Oats 88,588,386 
 
 Shipments of Same 63,539,179 
 
 Receipts of Barley 23,273,519 
 
 Shipments of Same 2,986,816 
 
 According to the same report there were in 
 the City of Chicago, during the year 1903, six- 
 teen regular warehouses (or elevators) with 
 six annexes, having a total capacity of 
 26,750,000 bushels, besides fifty-two private ele- 
 vators, with a total capacity of 30,400,000 bush- 
 els — grand total storage capacity, 57,150,000 
 bushels. The aggregate of cereals in store in 
 Chicago at the close of the year was 6,753,676 
 bushels, of which there were (in bushels): 
 Wheat, 2,768,291; Corn, 2,244,068; Oats, 1,277,- 
 728; Rye, 242,279; Barley, 271,310. The aggre- 
 gate amount of grain in store at the beginning 
 of the year was 10,977,301 bushels, showing a 
 reduction during the year of 4,223,625. The 
 range of prices on different cereals for the ywir 
 (1903) was as follows: Wheat, 701/4 to 93 
 cents; Corn, 41 to 53 cents; Oats, 31 Vi to 45 
 cents; Rye, 48 to 60 cents. 
 
HISTOE.ICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 717 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 EDUCATIONAI^-Y. M. C. A. ORGANIZATION 
 
 CHICAGO MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOL ITS ORIGIN 
 
 AND OBJECT WORK ACCOMPLISHED IN TWENTY- 
 ODD TEARS OF ITS HISTORY NUMBER OF GRAD- 
 UATES MERGED WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 CHICAGO ARMOUR TECHNOLOGICAL SCHOOL — 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF 
 
 ILLINOIS ITS HISTORY OF FIFTY YEARS 
 
 PRESENT STRENGTH AND STATUS OF THE ORGAN- 
 IZATION Y. M. C. A. BUILDING IN CHICAGO. 
 
 The Chicago Manual Training School owes 
 its existence to "The Chicago Commerciai 
 Club," an association composed of prominent 
 business men, whose monthly meetings are 
 devoted to the discussion of social, civil and 
 political questions. To this body of thoughtful 
 and observant men the subject of education 
 early commended itself as of vital importance 
 to the welfare of the commonwealth. The need 
 of something more than, and different from, the 
 usual grammar and high school education was 
 fully felt. 
 
 At a meeting of the Club held March 25, 
 1882, it was resolved to raise a sum of $100,000 
 to establish a manual training school. The 
 money was raised, and the same evening a com- 
 mittee was appointed to draft a plan for the 
 organization of the school. This committee 
 reported Dec. 30, 1882. "The Chicago Manual 
 Training School Association" was formed, con- 
 sisting exclusively of members of The Com- 
 mercial Club. The following gentlemen were 
 elected Trustees: E. W. Blatchford, R. T. 
 Crane, Marshall Field, William A. Fuller, John 
 Crerar, John W. Doane, N. K. Fairbank, Edson 
 Keith, George M. Pullman. E. W. Blatchford 
 was chosen President of the Board; R. T. Crane, 
 Vice-President; Marshall Field, Treasurer, and 
 William A. Fuller, Secretary. On June 9, 1883, 
 Dr. H. H. Belfleld, at that time Principal of the 
 North Division High School, was elected 
 Director. 
 
 The object of the school is thus stated in its 
 charter : 
 
 "Instruction and practice in the use of tools, 
 with such instruction as may be deemed nec- 
 essary in mathematics, drawing, and the Eng- 
 lish branches of a high-school course. The tool 
 
 instruction, as at present contemplated, shall 
 include carpentry, wood-turning, pattern-mak- 
 ing, iron-chippihg and filing, forge-work, braz- 
 ing, and soldering, the use of machine-shop 
 tools, and such other instruction of a similar 
 character as may be deemed advisable to add 
 to the foregoing from time to time, it being the 
 intention to divide the working hours of the 
 students, as nearly as possible, equally between 
 manual and mental labor." 
 
 The site of the school, at the northwest cor- 
 ner of Michigan Avenue and Twelfth Street, 
 was purchased March 28, 1883. The corner- 
 stone was laid, with appropriate ceremonies, 
 Sept. 24, 1883, and the school opened its doors 
 to pupils Feb. 4, 1884. 
 
 It was intended that the course of the school 
 should be three years, since it was believed 
 that the essentials of a high school curriculum, 
 with five hours per week of drawing and ten 
 hours a week of shop work, could be thoroughly 
 accomplished in that time. This belief was well 
 founded. About fifty per cent, of the graduates 
 of this school have entered technological schools 
 abundantly well equipped for their work. 
 Twelve 6f the class of 1893 were fitted for the 
 Sophomore class of Sibley College, Cornell Uni- 
 versity. The acceptance by the technological 
 schools of the shopwork and drawing of man- 
 ual-training school graduates, as an equivalent, 
 wholly or in part, of similar work demanded 
 by the school of technology for the degree of 
 E. E. or M. E., saves much time to the students 
 possessing it. During the twenty-two years of 
 the school's existence, its general purpose has 
 been maintained without essential change. As 
 the pedagogical value of manual training 
 became recognized, the optional study of Greek 
 was added, in order that boys desiring to pre- 
 pare for classical colleges might have the ben- 
 efit of drawing and shopwork. 
 
 The technical skill of boys, when directed by 
 competent and enthusiastic teachers, is well 
 illustrated by some of the products of the 
 school. Besides two dozen or more steam- 
 engines from six to ten horse-power, the pupils 
 have made three sensitive drills, a large drill- 
 press, a dozen half-speed lathes, a pattern- 
 maker's gap lathe, weighing 1,500 pounds, and 
 many other articles in wood, iron and steel. 
 The tower-clock, with a 60-inch dial, a West- 
 minster chime, etc., in use for years, was 
 designed and built by pupils. 
 
 The drawing includes free-hand, machine and 
 
7i8 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 architectural work. About fifty per cent, of 
 the graduates of the school go directly into 
 business. The others, as has been said, enter 
 college, chiefly to engineering departments. 
 Over two hundred college degrees are known 
 to have been conferred upon graduates, and 
 one hundred and forty others are now in col- 
 lege. The number of graduates is now (June, 
 1901) 776. 
 
 On the ninth day of July, 1897, the school 
 was presented by its Trustees — with the unan- 
 imous approval of the Chicago Manual Train- 
 ing School Association — to the University of 
 Chicago. Its legal owTiership is now vested in 
 a Board of nine Trustees, elected by and from 
 the Board of Trustees of the University of Chi- 
 cago. This transfer of ownership is commem- 
 orated by a handsome bronze tablet, placed in the 
 vestibule of the school, which reads as follows : 
 "THE CHICAGO MANUAL TRAINING 
 SCHOOL, the first independent school of this 
 character in the United States, was founded 
 by The Commercial Club of Chicago; was 
 incorporated, April 10, 1883; the corner-stone 
 of its building, corner of Michigan Avenue 
 and Twelfth Street, was laid September 24, 
 1883, and regular school exercises began Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1884. 
 
 "The school was designed to give instruc- 
 tion and practice in the use of tools, in math- 
 ematics, drawing, modern languages, and the 
 English branches of a high school course. 
 
 "That, during the fourteen years of the 
 existence of the school, it has instructed 
 over sixteen hundred pupils, of whom six 
 hundred and three have been graduated; that 
 it has caused the establishment of many sim- 
 ilar institutions — and, especially, that it has 
 secured the incorporation of this system of 
 education into the public schools of this city 
 and of many other cities — is evidence to the 
 founders of the school that it has success- 
 fully accomplished the purpose for which it 
 was organized. In the belief that the use- 
 fulness of the school will thereby be enlarged 
 and Its perpetuity secured, the membership 
 of the Association has been, by unanimous 
 ai^tion, 80 changed that the administration of 
 the school, with Its building, grounds, equip- 
 ment, and the endowment (a bequest of the 
 late Mr. John Crerar), has been this day 
 entrusted U> a membership composed of 
 TruBtees of 
 
 "THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICACK). 
 
 "BoAKD OF Tbustees 1896-97. 
 
 "E. W. Blatchford, President. 
 
 "John M. Clark, Vice-President. 
 
 "Marshall Field, Treasurer. 
 
 "William A. Fuller, Secretary. 
 
 "John W. Doane — Christoph Hotz — EJdson 
 Keith— H. H. Porter — George M. 
 Pullman. 
 "Henry H. Belfield, Director." 
 "July 9, 1897." 
 Mr. Crerar's bequest was $50,000. It will be 
 noticed that Messrs. Blatchford, Field, Fuller, 
 Doane, Keith and Pullman were members of the 
 original Board of Trustees, while Messrs. Cre- 
 rar, Keith and Pullman were members at the 
 time of their death. 
 
 ARMOUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. 
 Armour Institute of Technology was founded 
 in 1892 by Mr. Philip D. Armour of Chicago. 
 The work of instruction was begun in Sep- 
 tember, 1893. The aim of the Institute was 
 expressed in its first public announcement as 
 follows: 
 
 "This institution is founded for the purpose 
 of giving to young men and women an oppor- 
 tunity to secure a liberal education. It is 
 hoped that its benefits may reach all classes. 
 It is not intended for the poor or the rich, as 
 sections of society, but for any and all who 
 are earnestly seeking practical education. Its 
 aim is broadly philanthropic. Profoundly real- 
 izing the importance of self-reliance as a factor 
 in the development of character, the Founder 
 has conditioned his benefactions in such a way 
 as to emphasize both their value and the stu- 
 dent's self-respect. The Institute is not a free 
 school, but its charges for instruction are in 
 harmony with the spirit which animates alike 
 the Founder, the Trustees and the Faculty, 
 namely: the desire to help those who wish to 
 help themselves." 
 
 The central feature of the Institute is the 
 Technical College, which offers four year 
 courses in Mechanical Engineering. Electrical 
 Engineering, Civil Engineering, Architecture 
 and Science, all of which lead to the degree of 
 Bachelor of Science. The equipment for these 
 courses has been made so complete that the 
 educational work done here compares favorably 
 with that done at any of the other prominent 
 Institutes of Technology In the United States. 
 In order that the young man contemplating a 
 full course in Engineering may rettcive ade- 
 quate preparation, Armour Scientific Academy 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 719 
 
 has been made an integral part of the Insti- 
 tute. The different courses here offered lay 
 special emphasis upon Physics, Chemistry, 
 Drawing and Mathematics as being the founda- 
 tions for future success in applied science. 
 
 The Associated Department of Domestic 
 Arts and Science offers instruction in sewing, 
 dressmaking, millinery, cookery, home-nursing, 
 hygiene, sanitation and ventilation. Normal 
 courses are offered in order to train young 
 women who desire to teach these subjects. The 
 Kindergarten Normal Department offers a two- 
 year course for the training of kindergarteners. 
 The Department of Music offers instruction in 
 organ and pianoforte playing and voice culture. 
 
 The building erected by the munificence of 
 Mr. Armour is built in the Romanesque style 
 with Norman windows, and is absolutely fire- 
 proof. No expense was spared in its erection. 
 In the basement are placed the shops for wood- 
 work and forging, the Mechanical Engineering 
 Laboratory and the engine-room. On the first 
 floor are the library, offices of the President 
 and Dean and Machinery Hall. On the second 
 floor are the Electrical Engineering Labora- 
 tories, the physics lecture and apparatus rooms 
 and the Biology Laboratory. On the third floor 
 are the Chemical Laboratory, the Civil Engi- 
 neering room and recitation rooms. The fourth 
 floor is devoted chiefly to the Department of 
 Domestic Arts and Science. On the fifth floor 
 are a large drafting room and a gymnasium. 
 
 The aim of the Institute is to develop thor- 
 oughly and scientiflcally the best element in 
 any individual. With this end in view, the 
 instruction in the preparatory department and 
 in the associated departments, as well as in the 
 Technical College, is maintained at a high 
 standard. Young women deserve as careful 
 and as scientifle training in the technical pur- 
 suits suited to them as the young men who are 
 seeking to prepare for the life of a professional 
 engineer. The conception is worthy of a prince 
 and Mr. Armour has carried it out in the most 
 princely manner. 
 
 THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIA- 
 TION IN ILLINOIS. 
 There were Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tions in existence in Illinois as early as 1854. 
 In the first International Convention of Young 
 Men's Christian Associations, which was held 
 at Buffalo, N. Y., in June of that year, two del- 
 egates were present from Chicago — W. P. Mont- 
 
 gomery and Cyrus Bentley; and one from Peo- 
 ria — T. C. Moore; while a delegate was also 
 enrolled from the "Young Men's Moral and 
 Christian Union" of Quincy. The report of 
 Mr. W. P. Montgomery, one of the delegates 
 from Chicago, states that the organization in 
 that city had been formed about eighteen 
 months previous to the date of the convention. 
 At the time of the second convention, which 
 was held in Cincinnati, Ohio, in September, 
 
 1855, the name of Chicago had disappeared 
 from the list of Associations, while Springfield 
 had been added. Of these Associations only 
 Quincy seems to have survived until the third 
 convention held in Montreal, Canada, in June^ 
 
 1856, and even this disappears from the list 
 before 1858. 
 
 The oldest existing Association in Illinois is 
 the present organization in Chicago, which was 
 organized in June, 1858. For some fourteen 
 years after that date, while a number of Asso- 
 ciations were organized in different parts of 
 the State, no effort seems to have been made 
 to bring them into relationships of mutual 
 helpfulness. In 1873, however, at the call of 
 Mr. Robert Weidensall, acting as Agent of the 
 International Committee, a convention was 
 held at Bloomington, November 6-9 of that year. 
 This was the beginning of an effort on the part 
 of the Associations to unite for mutual help- 
 fulness and for the extension of the associa- 
 tion work. A State Executive Committee was 
 appointed at this time which, however, accom- 
 plished but very little during its year of office. 
 Nevertheless, conventions have been held con- 
 tinuously since 1873. 
 
 In the convention of 1875, which was held at 
 Jacksonville, 111., definite steps were taken 
 toward securing the services of a State Secre- 
 tary whose whole time should be given to asso- 
 ciation work. Such an officer was not selected 
 until the following year, when on Nov. 1, 1876, 
 Mr. Charles M. Morton assumed the duties of 
 the office. This position he held for one year 
 only, during which time a large amount of 
 evangelistic work was done in different parts 
 of the State and a number of Associations 
 were organized, so that the State list submitted 
 at the Champaign convention, in September, 
 1877, contained the names of sixty-two organi- 
 zations. At the close of one year of service, 
 Mr. Morton retired from the State Secretary- 
 ship to accept the pastorate of a mission In 
 the city of Chicago, and the Associations for 
 
720 
 
 HISTORICAL EJTCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 nearly three years were left without close 
 supervision. 
 
 The Decatur convention in 1879 urged the 
 securing of a State Secretary, and in April, 
 1880, I. E. Brown was elected to that position 
 ■which he has continued to occupy until the 
 present time (1904). The names of sixteen 
 Associations were put into his hands as com- 
 prising the association constituency in the 
 State. At that time 2,433 was the reported 
 membership. Two Associations (those of Chi- 
 cago and Aurora) owned buildings. The total 
 value of association property, including three 
 building funds, was reported as $126,500. Thir- 
 teen Secretaries and other oflBcers were 
 employed by the Associations, all but four of 
 these being in Chicago. There was one small 
 gj'mnasium in existence. Five Associations 
 conducted religious meetings for men only. 
 
 Since 1880, the growth of association work 
 has been constant, and this growth has 
 demanded the addition of one Secretary after 
 another until seven are now employed in the 
 State work. 
 
 Beginning with the year 1886, the develop- 
 ment of distinct departments of State work 
 was entered upon. This, however, was not fully 
 carried out until the year 1890. The work 
 of supervision is now divided into the follow- 
 ing departments: 
 
 1. General Supervision, with State Secre- 
 tary and Assistant Secretary in charge. 
 
 2. Railroad and City Department. 
 
 3. County and Town Department. 
 
 4. Student Department. 
 
 5. Corresponding Membership Department. 
 
 6. Office. 
 
 With the exception of the last two, which 
 are combined under one head, each Department 
 is in charge of an employed Secretary, who 
 is responsible for its development, while In the 
 Railroad and City Department and in the office 
 an assistant is also employed. 
 
 The whole work is under the supervision of 
 a State Executive Committee of twenty-seven 
 members, one-third of the number being elected 
 annually. Of this Committee, for several years 
 Mr. John E. Wilder of Chicago has been Chair- 
 man. The State Convention, which is made up 
 of delegates from the different local assocla- 
 tions, la the creative power of this Committee 
 and the source of its instructions. 
 
 The last available report (October, 1904) 
 sbowH 126 AssodatlonH In the Slate, reporting 
 
 a total membership of 23,375. Twenty-three 
 Associations own their own buildings, while 
 eight others hold their buildings on long time 
 leases from railroad companies. The total value 
 of property reported is $2,727,435. Of the build- 
 ings, eight are for railroad men, two for stu- 
 dents, while the remainder are owned by city 
 Associations. Instead of five religious gath- 
 erings a week for young men, as in 1880, 248 
 such weekly gatherings were reported in 1898, 
 and the number has been largely increased 
 since. In addition to all of this organized 
 work, the system of representatives or corre- 
 spondents in unorganized towns has been 
 extended to 1103 communities. 
 
 The development has not been solely in the 
 number of organizations. The physical work 
 has been put upon a scientific basis, and has 
 been extended to 40 associations. 
 
 The various phases of educational work have 
 been largely developed, and the evening class- 
 work, during the year 1903-04 enrolled 2,041 
 pupils. 
 
 Great advances have been made in equipment, 
 not only in the fifteen-fold increase in the 
 number of buildings, but also in their character. 
 The finest building ever erected in the world 
 for Young Men's Christian Work, was entered 
 by the Chicago Association in 1893. 
 
 Some association work has been done among 
 the coal-miners, and an association has for 
 years done good service among the first grade 
 boys of the Illinois State Reformatory, while a 
 large work has been carried on at the Militia 
 Camp of the Illinois National Guard, and pre- 
 liminary steps have recently (1904) been taken 
 for an Army Association at Ft. Sheridan. 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 THE CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY — AN OUTGROWTH OP 
 THE GREAT FIRE OP 1871 — THOMAS HUGHES, 
 THE ENGLISH AUTHOR, A LEADER IN THE 
 MOVEMENT HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY BUILD- 
 ING — STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR 1904 CHICAGO 
 
 HISTORICAL LIBRARY — ITS ORIGIN AND HIS- 
 TORY — NEWBERRY LIBRARY — JOIIN CRERAB 
 LIBRARY — EVANSTON FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 On January 3, 1872, a petition, signed by 
 twenty-eight leading citizens, was presented to 
 
HISTORICAL EITCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 721 
 
 Hon. Joseph Medill, Mayor of Chicago, request- 
 ing him to call a public meeting of citizens to 
 consider the establishment of a free public 
 library. The names signed to that petition 
 constitute a roll of honor. It would have been 
 difficult to find twenty-eight names more truly 
 representative of Chicago, or which stand for 
 more in its development and history. 
 
 This step had its origin in a movement 
 started by Thomas Hughes, the celebrated Eng- 
 lish author and Member of Parliament, which 
 received the endorsement of Queen Victoria and 
 a large number of England's most distinguished 
 statesmen and authors, immediately after the 
 great Chicago Are of 1871, looking to the contri- 
 bution of books and means for the founding of 
 a free public library in the fire-stricken city. 
 Mayor Medill issued the call as requested, and 
 a large and enthusiastic public meeting was 
 held Jan. 8, 1872, at Plymouth Church. Res- 
 olutions were adopted thanking Mr. Hughes 
 and his associates for the steps inaugurated to 
 this end, pledging the efforts of the citizens of 
 Chicago to carry on and complete the great 
 work so successfully begun. 
 
 The Mayor appointed a committee of twenty- 
 two to prepare the legislation necessary to 
 establish a free public library and to receive 
 and preserve such books and literary property 
 as should be presented. This committee pre- 
 pared and reported a free library bill to a 
 meeting held in the City Hall January 20, 1872. 
 This bill was framed from copies of bills at 
 that time before the Legislature, the earliest 
 of which had been prepared by Hon. Daniel L. 
 Shorey and introduced in the House of Rep- 
 resentatives February 6, 1871, by Hon. William 
 H. King of this city. 
 
 The bill presented by the committee was 
 unanimously approved by the meeting and was 
 in substance the bill which became a law and 
 was approved March 7, 1872. This was a gen- 
 eral law and is the statutory foundation of all 
 the free public libraries in Illinois. This Act 
 was accepted by the Common Council and the 
 Chicago Public Library was thereoy. established 
 by an ordinance, also prepared by Mr. Shorey, 
 approved April 13, 1872. 
 
 As the books were received they were depos- 
 ited in the old iron water tank, which was sit- 
 uated upon the lot at the southeast corner of 
 Adams and La Salle Streets, now occupied by 
 the Rookery Building. This tank had been 
 used as a distributing reservoir for the South 
 
 Division and stood on a masonry foundation 
 thirty-five feet high. It had the merit of being 
 fire-proof and was selected for that reason. 
 
 A reading room was fitted up by the city in 
 the third story of the temporary City Hall, 
 adjacent to and connecting with the tank. This 
 was opened to the public Jan. 1, 1873. These 
 quarters having soon proved inadequate for the 
 rapidly growing accumulation of books, on 
 March 16, 1874, the Library was moved to the 
 southeast corner of Madison Street and Wabash 
 Avenue, where it was opened for the circulation 
 of books May 1, 1874, with 17,355 volumes. 
 
 On May 27, 1875, the Library was again 
 moved, this time to the southwest corner of 
 Lake and Dearborn Streets, where it remained 
 until May 24, 1886. By that time it had again 
 outgrown its habitation, and its 120,000 vol- 
 umes were removed to the fourth story of the 
 City Hall. 
 
 From the earliest consideration of the sub- 
 ject of a future library building. Dearborn 
 Park has, by common consent, been deemed the 
 most natural and appropriate location. It was 
 public property, by the utilization of which the 
 expenditure of a large sum in the purchase of 
 land was rendered unnecessary. It was of ade- 
 quate size and of symmetrical shape. It was 
 centrally located and convenient to the lines of 
 intramural communication and travel. It filled 
 more completely the requirements of the 
 Library and the convenience of the public than 
 any other site obtainable, but the difficulties in 
 securing its use for library purposes were for 
 many years insurmountable. 
 
 On the plat of Fort Dearborn Addition, Dear- 
 born Park was marked "Public ground, forever 
 to remain vacant of buildings." The consent 
 of owners of abutting property therefore had 
 to be obtained before a building could be 
 erected. June 4, 1889, an Act of the Legisla- 
 ture of Illinois was passed, giving to the Sol- 
 diers' Home in Chicago the license to erect a 
 Memorial Hall on the north one-fourth of 
 Dearborn Park. The Soldiers' Home, however, 
 was unable to obtain the necessary consent of 
 the owners of abutting property and never 
 obtained possession from the city. It now 
 became apparent that the whole park would 
 ultimately be needed for library purposes and 
 negotiations were entered upon for the acquisi- 
 tion of the interest of the Soldiers' Home. 
 This finally resulted in an agreement between 
 the parties. 
 
722 
 
 HISTOEICAL EiNOYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 An ordinance of the city of Chicago was 
 passed May 19, 1890, and an act of the Legis- 
 lature passed and approved June 2, 1891, which 
 authorized the Library to purchase the interest 
 of the Soldiers' Home and to erect and main- 
 tain a public library on the entire park. The 
 consent of the owners of abutting property 
 was then obtained. The preliminary agreement, 
 on October 24, 1891, ripened into a final con- 
 tract by the delivery of a deed from the Sol- 
 diers' Home to the Chicago Public Library, and 
 by the execution of an agreement by the 
 Library to construct a Memorial Hall and ante- 
 rooms and to lease them for fifty years at a 
 nominal rental to the Grand Army Hall ana 
 Memorial Association. 
 
 The plans were adopted and the architects 
 employed February 13, 1892, from which time 
 the work of construction steadily progressed. 
 
 Ground was broken July 27, 1892, the cor- 
 ner-stone laid Thanksgiving Day, 1893, and on 
 October 9, 1897, the building was dedicated to 
 the people of Chicago with appropriate exer- 
 cises. On December 1, 1904, there were 295,075 
 volumes in the library, which had a home cir- 
 culation during the year of 1,859,750, of which 
 535,457 were issued from the main library, and 
 754,225 through the 70 delivery stations. 
 Besides this 346,807 volumes were consulted 
 by 124,57] persons in the reference room, while 
 in the branch reading rooms 194,887 visitors 
 consulted 88,558 books and 151,930 periodicals. 
 The number of persons entitled to draw books 
 on cards was 62,384. 
 
 THE CHICAGO HISTORICAL LIBRARY. 
 
 The Chicago Historical Society was organ- 
 ized in 1856, and incorporated in 1857. As 
 William H. Brown, who was a member of a 
 Historical Society formed at Vandalia, about 
 1835, was the first President, it may not be 
 inaptly called a reorganization or continuation 
 of that society. Its charter members were 
 William B. Ogden, J. Young Scammon, Mason 
 Hrayman, Mark Skinner, George Manierre, 
 John H. Kinzie, James V. Z. Blaney, Edward 
 I. Tinkham, Joseph D. Webster, William A. 
 Smallwood, Charles H. Ra3', Mahlon D. Ogden, 
 Franklin Scammon, William Barry, Van H. 
 HlgginH. Dr. Nathan S. Davis, Samuel D. Ward, 
 and Ezra H. McCagg. 
 
 The objftctH of the Society were doclarod to 
 be: FirHl, the establishment of a library; sec- 
 ond, the colloftlon Into a safe and permanent 
 
 depository of manuscripts and documents of 
 historical value; third, to encourage the inves- 
 tigation of aboriginal remains; and fourth, to 
 collect and preserve such historical materials 
 as shall serve to illustrate the settlement and 
 growth of Chicago. 
 
 When the destructive fire of 1871 occurred, 
 the Society had erected a commodious brick 
 building for its use on a portion of its lot at 
 the northwest comer of Dearborn Avenue and 
 Ontario Street, in which, under the supervision 
 of Rev. William Barry, had been accumulated 
 a library of 14,000 volumes, besides priceless 
 treasures in manuscripts and records, includ- 
 ing that great document, the Emancipation 
 Proclamation, with President Lincoln's signa- 
 ture affixed thereto. The devouring flames left 
 not a vestige unoonsumed. 
 
 The society was not forgotten in the work 
 of restoration, but the liberal contributions 
 received as a nucleus for a new library were 
 again swept away by the great fire of 1874. 
 The friends of the Society were naturally dis- 
 couraged, but donations of books were made 
 and cared for by Edwin H. Sheldon at his office 
 on Clark Street, until, at a meeting of tne 
 Society on January 23, 1877, it was determined 
 to erect a new building. An appeal to the mem- 
 bers for subscriptions meeting with a favorable 
 response, the movement resulted in the erec- 
 tion of another building, which was ready for 
 occupancy by October 16, 1877. There for fif- 
 teen years it grew and prospered. 
 
 In 1892 the Henry D. Gilpin fund having, by 
 careful investment, more than doubled, and the 
 legacy under the will of John Crerar having 
 become available, it was determined to solicit 
 from its members subscriptions for the erec- 
 tion of a permanent fire-proof home for the 
 Society, on the site at the corner of Dearborn 
 Avenue and Ontario Street, so long identified 
 with the Society's history. To this appeal the 
 members responded with alacrity and their 
 accustomed liberality, and the temporary struc- 
 ture having been removed, on November 12, 
 1892, the corner-stone of the new building was 
 laid with appropriate ceremonies. The new 
 edifice, erected at a cost of $190,000, is of fire- 
 proof construction and. In point of complete- 
 ness, has no superior for similar purposes in 
 the world. On December 15, 1896, the dedica- 
 tion of the building took place in the presence 
 of a brilliant and roprosentative assemblage 
 of members and frionds of the Society. The 
 
mSTOEICAL EirCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 723 
 
 absolute safety of the building from damage 
 by fire has made it a favorite repository for 
 donations of valuable manuscripts, relics, por- 
 traits, etc., from a variety of sources. 
 
 At the request of the History Section of the 
 Department of Anthropology of the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition, at St. Louis, the Society 
 made an exhibit of fac-similes of some of its 
 valuable manuscripts and portraits, illustrating 
 the exploration and development of the Missis- 
 sippi Valley, 1673-1817. This exhibit was 
 awarded the gold medal by the Superior Jury 
 of Awards. 
 
 During the annual meeting of the American 
 Historical Association, held in Chicago by invi- 
 tation of this and other institutions, December 
 28-30, 1904, the Society was able to assemble 
 for the study and pleasure of its guests a spe- 
 cial loan exhibit of several important collec- 
 tions of historical material displayed at the 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. This collec- 
 tion of unique and priceless documents (of 
 which a complete catalogue has been pub- 
 lished) was doubtless the most valuable that 
 has ever been assembled for a loan exhibition 
 under the roof of any private institution in the 
 Mississippi Valley, and could hardly have been 
 secured but for the absolutely fire-proof char- 
 acter of the massive building of the Chicago 
 Historical Society. 
 
 Since 1901 the library and collections of the 
 Society have been entirely free to the public, 
 being open each week day — except on national 
 holidays — from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. A course 
 of historical lectures is maintained during the 
 winter months, to which members and their 
 friends are eligible. 
 
 The present otficers of the Society are as fol- 
 lows: President, Franklin H. Head; First 
 Vice-President, Thomas Dent; Second Vice- 
 President, Lambert Tree; Treasurer, Orson 
 Smith; Secretary, James W. Fertig; Librarian, 
 Caroline M. Mcllvaine; Executive Committee: 
 Franklin H. Head, Edward E. Ayer, Joseph T. 
 Bowen, William A. Fuller, Charles F. Gunther, 
 Samuel H. Kerfoot, Jr., G-eorge Merryweather, 
 Walter C. Newberry, Otto L. Schmidt. 
 
 As provided in its constitution, and con- 
 trary to popular impression, the field of this 
 Society is not confined to Chicago, but its foun- 
 dations are laid broad and deep to include all 
 the States carved from the "Old Northwest 
 Territory," and this has been extended by com- 
 mon consent to- include the entire Mississippi 
 
 Valley. The number of books, pamphlets, and 
 manuscripts now in the library approximates 
 140,000, and is being added to at the rate of 
 2,500 volumes annually. Besides a highly spe- 
 cialized collection of books, maps, and news- 
 papers treating of chosen subjects, the Society 
 has an extensive collection of manuscripts — 
 only a small portion of which have been drawn 
 upon for material for its published collections, 
 and a Museum of Relics illustrating the various 
 historical periods in the development of the 
 Northwest. 
 
 THE NEWBERRY LIBRARY. 
 
 Chicago has been fortunate in being made 
 the recipient, within the past few years, of 
 private benefactions destined to give it a lit- 
 erary prominence unsurpassed by that of any 
 other city in the country. The first of these 
 gifts came from the late Walter Loomis New- 
 berry, who died November 6, 1868, leaving, by 
 a conditional bequest, one-half of his estate for 
 the purpose of founding a Free Public Library, 
 to be located in that part of Chicago known as 
 the North Division. By the conditions of his 
 will this bequest became available on the death 
 of his widow, Dec. 9, 1885. The value of the 
 one-half of the estate, the sum set off to the 
 Library was estimated, at that time, at $2,512,- 
 354. The larger part of that sum being in real 
 estate, it has since materially increased in 
 value. On the first of July, 1887, the Trustees, 
 upon whom devolved the duty of "founding the 
 Library" in accordance with the provisions of 
 the will, as a tribute due to the memory of the 
 founder, gave to it the name of The Newberry 
 Library, and decided that it should be a library 
 of reference open to the use of the public on 
 the premises. 
 
 Dr. William Frederick Poole, for fourteen 
 years the successful head of the Chicago Public 
 Library, was appointed Librarian, entering 
 upon his duties August 1, 1887. The first tem- ' 
 porary home of the Library was at 90 La Salle 
 Street; in April, 1888, it was removed to 338 
 Ontario Street, whence after two years, it was 
 transferred to convenient quarters for its tem- 
 porary use at the northeast corner of North 
 State and Oak Streets. Steps were taken as 
 early as 1888, looking to the erection of a per- 
 manent building upon the square bounded by 
 Ontario, Pine, Erie and Rush Streets, which 
 had been the Newberry homestead, and which 
 had been reserved by the Trustees for this pur- 
 
724 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 pose. The site was changed, however, in 1889, 
 for a more desirable location, to what is known 
 as the Ogden Block, surrounded by Dearborn 
 Avenue, Walton Place, North Clark, and Oak 
 Streets, where the erection of a permanent 
 library building was begun in the fall of 1890, 
 in accordance with plans prepared by the Archi- 
 tect, Henry Ives Cobb, in conjunction with the 
 Librarian, and so far finished as to be ready 
 for partial occupancy in the fall of 1893. This 
 building, which fronts on Walton Place directly 
 opposite Washington Park, is constructed of 
 New England rose granite in the Romanesque 
 style of architecture. 
 
 The dimensions of the present building are 
 318 feet in length by 72 feet in depth and five 
 stories in height, with a capacity for the stor- 
 age of 1,000,000 volumes. The plan of the build- 
 ing contemplates the erection, as the needs of 
 the Library may demand, of three additions to 
 the main structure with fronts facing east. 
 north and west, and surrounding an inner 
 court. The interior of the building is simply 
 and substantially finished, and is strictly fire- 
 proof. Heat is furnished by steam and light by 
 electricity. There are at present (October, 1904) 
 196,484 volumes and 70,123 pamphlets in the 
 Library, the preference in the selection of 
 which has been given to works of a solid char- 
 acter suited for general reference, including 
 many rare and choice volumes of history, bibli- 
 ography, archaeology and fine arts. To the 
 department of medicine special attention has 
 been given, as also to that of music. 
 
 In April, 1892, The Newberry Library was 
 incorporated under an Act adopted by the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of 1891, when the following 
 Board of Trustees was elected: Eliphalet W. 
 Blatchford, President; Edward S. Isham, First 
 Vice-President; Lambert Tree, Second Vice- 
 President, and the following additional mem- 
 bers: Hon. George E. Adams, Edward E. Ayer, 
 William H. Bradley, Daniel Goodwin, Franklin 
 Ma<:Veagh, Gen. Alexander C. McClurg, Gen. 
 Walter C. Newberry, Henry J. Willing, and 
 John P. Wilson. The members of the Board 
 for the year 1904 are the same, with the excep- 
 tion of Messrs. Goodwin, MacVeagh, Bradley, 
 Isham, McClurg and Willing, whose places 
 have been filled by Bryan l.Athrop, George 
 Manlerre, David B. Jones, Horace H. Martin, 
 MofK^fl J. Wentworth, and John A. Spoor. 
 
 After the death of Dr. W. F. Poole, which 
 occurred on the first day of March, 1894, John 
 
 Vance Cheney was selected as Librarian, and 
 still holds the position. 
 
 THE JOHN CRERAR LIBRARY. 
 
 By the will of the late John Crerar of Chi- 
 cago, who died October 19, 1889, the residue of 
 his estate, after the payment of numerous pri- 
 vate and public bequests, was given to the cre- 
 ation and endowment of a free public library, 
 to be called "The John Crerar Library," and to 
 be located in the City of Chicago. In 1891 the 
 validity of the will was attacked, but it was 
 sustained by a decision of the Supreme Court 
 of the State of Illinois, rendered June 19, 1893. 
 The Library was incorporated under the laws 
 of Illinois, October 12, 1894, and was duly 
 organized January 12, 1895. 
 
 By special request contained in Mr. Crerar's 
 will, Norman Williams was made the first Pres- 
 ident of the Board of Directors, the remaining 
 members of the Board — also named by Mr. 
 Crerar — being: Huntington W. Jackson, Mar- 
 shall Field, E. W. Blatchford, T. B. Blackstone, 
 Robert T. Lincoln, Henry W. Bishop, Edward 
 G. Mason, Albert Keep, Edson Keith, Simon J. 
 McPherson, John M. Clark, and George A. 
 Armour. Huntington W. Jackson was elected 
 First Vice-President, Marshall Field Second 
 Vice-President and George A. Armour Secre- 
 tary. The administrative force was completed 
 during the following year (1895) by the 
 appointment of William J. Louderback, Treas- 
 urer, and Clement W. Andrews, Librarian. The 
 library was opened without formality April 1, 
 1897, on the sixth floor of the Marshall Field 
 Building, at 87 Wabash Avenue, which it has 
 continued to occupy to the present time. 
 
 Having sympathetically reviewed the library 
 section of Mr. Crerar's will, and carefully con- 
 sidered the library facilities and needs of the 
 city, the Directors unanimously decided to 
 establish a free reference library of scientific 
 literature. This decision seemed to them to 
 accord with the particular business activities 
 by which the greater part of the founder's for- 
 tune had been accumulated here, to exclude, 
 naturally, certain questionable classes of books 
 which his will distinctly prohibits, and to favor 
 the supreme aim and object which it expressly 
 points out. As personal friends, who had 
 been acquainted with his wise and generous 
 purposes and with his civic patriotism and 
 gratitude, they heliovod that he would have 
 I)romptly and cordially approved of their deci- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 725 
 
 sion as highly advantageous to the whole city. 
 They are firm in the conviction that he would 
 have wished his large legacy to supplement, in 
 the most effective way, the existing and pros- 
 pective library collections of Chicago. Accord- 
 ingly, the Directors instituted a series of con- 
 ferences with the Chicago Public Library and 
 the Newberry Library. An elastic scheme was 
 jointly adopted for dividing among them the 
 available world of books. This co-operation 
 will prevent unnecessary duplication and waste- 
 ful rivalry. The special field of the John Cre- 
 rar Library is, therefore, that of the natural, 
 the physical and the social sciences, with their 
 applications. 
 
 President Williams died in 1899, and First 
 Vice-President Huntington W. Jackson was 
 elected his successor, but survived only one 
 year, dying in January, 1901. Judge Peter S. 
 Grosscup was then elected President, and has 
 held the position to the present time. The full 
 Board at the present time (1904) is composed 
 of the following named persons: Marshall 
 Field, E. W. Blatchford, Robert T. Lincoln, 
 Henry W. Bishop, Albert Keep, John M. Clark, 
 Frank S. Johnson, Peter Stenger Grosscup, 
 Arthur J. Caton, Marvin Hughitt, Thomas D. 
 Jones, John J. Mitchell, and Leonard A. Busby, 
 with Carter H. Harrison, Mayor, and Lawrence 
 E. McGann, Comptroller of Chicago, ex-officio 
 members under an amendment of the By-Laws 
 adopted in 1901. The present officers of the 
 Board (1904) are: President, Peter Stenger 
 Grosscup; First Vice-President, Henry W. 
 Bishop; Second Vice-President, Thomas D. 
 Jones; Secretary, Arthur J. Caton; Treasurer, 
 William J. Louderback; Librarian, Clement W. 
 Andrews. The latter, formerly Librarian of 
 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has 
 had charge of the Crerar Library from the date 
 of its opening. 
 
 Besides Presidents Williams and Jackson, the 
 following named former members of the Board 
 are now deceased: T. B. Blackstone, Edward 
 G. Mason and Edson Keith, while Rev. 
 Simon McPherson and George A. Armour, hav- 
 ing removed from the City of Chicago, have re- 
 signed. Messrs. Blackstone and Mason ten- 
 dered their resignations previous to their 
 decease. (Arthur J. Caton, Treasurer, died 
 since the preparation of this sketch of the 
 Library. ) 
 
 According to the report of the Librarian for 
 1903, the Library contained at the close of the 
 
 year 103,291 volumes and was in the receipt of 
 1,870 periodicals and 3,464 other continuations. 
 During the year the Library had 76,500 visitors, 
 while the number of volumes and periodicals 
 consulted amounted to over 190,000. The acces- 
 sions for the year amounted to 14,280 volumes, 
 of which 2,899 were in the form of gifts, while 
 11,381 were obtained by purchase. 
 
 The amount of the bequest for the establish- 
 ment and maintenance of the Library, imme- 
 diately following Mr. Crerar's death, was esti- 
 mated at two and a half million dollars. The 
 total assets at the close of the year 1903 
 amounted to $4,159,157.69, of which $3,400,000 
 had been set apart as an "endowment fund," 
 and $523,117.23 as a "building fund" derived 
 from the income from the original bequest — 
 showing an increase in the building fund, dur- 
 ing the year, of over $66,000, besides $17,500 set 
 apart for the purchase of books. 
 
 Under an act of the Legislature, approved 
 March 29, 1901, and an ordinance of the City 
 Council passed during the same month, a vote 
 was taken of the legal voters of the South 
 Park District, empowering the Park Commis- 
 sioners to grant authority to the Crerar Library 
 Board to locate a library building on Grant (or 
 Lake Front) Park, and the proposition was 
 adopted by a vote — in round numbers — of 51,000 
 to 9,000. The site granted is in the space 
 between Monroe and Madison Streets, facing 
 Michigan Avenue and one block north of the 
 Art Institute. The space proposed to be occu- 
 pied will embrace approximately 400 feet front 
 by 300 feet in depth, and upon this it is pro- 
 posed to erect a rectangular building in classic 
 style of architecture, with a frontage of 300 
 feet and capacity for the storage of 1,000,000 
 volumes and the accommodation of 500 readers. 
 
 THE EVANSTON FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY, 
 
 Which was organized June 21, 1873, under 
 the State Library Law, is the outcome of the 
 Evanston Library Association, which was 
 formed in 1870; Luther L. Greenleaf was elected 
 President October 18, 1870. It was largely 
 through Mr. Greenleaf's liberality that the orig- 
 inal Library Association was enabled to make 
 so successful a start, and a substantial collec- 
 tion of books passed into the possession of the 
 Public Library, as a gift from the older insti- 
 tution, and which formed the foundation of 
 what the library is today, and what it will 
 become in the future. The rooms first occu- 
 
726 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 pied by the Association were located in Dr. W. 
 S. Scott's building, now numbered 613 Davis 
 Street, where, on July 3, 1873, the books and 
 other property belonging to the Association 
 were transferred to the Directors of the Free 
 Public Library of Evanston, whose organiza- 
 tion had been effected June 21, 1873. 
 
 In 1889 the Library was moved to 1574 Sher- 
 man Avenue, and in 1893 it was again moved 
 to the rooms now occupied in the City Hall. 
 Efforts toward securing a library building 
 have been in progress for several years. In 
 June, 1904. the city purchased the property 
 on the northeast corner of Orrington Avenue 
 and Church Street, to be used as a site for a 
 new library building. The site thus being 
 assured, it now seems probable that the nec- 
 essary fund for erecting a building may soon 
 be secured. Total number of books in the 
 library May 31, 1904, 34,617. Total number of 
 periodicals currently received, 115. 
 
 The circulating department reports 102,595 
 volumes issued for home use, 28,304 volumes 
 for consultation in the library and 27,066 were 
 circulated or used in the several schools, mak- 
 ing a total of 157,965 volumes used during the 
 year ending May 31, 1904, showing a gain of 
 4,667 volumes in home circulation. The daily 
 average circulation for the year was 335. The 
 largest issue of any one day was 962 volumes on 
 February 13, 1904; the smallest issue was on 
 July 17,1903,219 volumes; the largest month's 
 circulation was in February, 1904, amounting to 
 13,388 volumes; the smallest was in July, 1903, 
 amounting to 8,501 volumes. Tbere are 4,962 
 readers' cards in force at the present time. 
 Every permanent resident of EVanston, without 
 limitation as to age, is entitled to a reader's card. 
 
 Officers. — The Officers of the Library for the 
 year 1904 are: J. W. Thompson, President; 
 J. S. Currey, Vice-President; Mary B. Lindsay, 
 Librarian and Secretary. 
 
 Library Staff. — Mary B. JJndsay, Librarian; 
 Gertrude I./eroy Brown, Head Cataloguer; 
 Bertha Strong Bliss, Superintendent of Loan 
 Department; Flora N. Hay, Superintendent of 
 Reference and School Work; with Gertrude E. 
 Aiken. Ida F. Wright and Maud Chidester, 
 A«Bl8tant«; Charles S. Blair and Lloyd L. Dines, 
 Paget), and Wm. K. I^ee, Janitor. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 CHICAGO POSTOFFICE. 
 
 PIONEER MAIL SERVICE ^HOW LETTERS WERE 
 
 BROUGHT TO FORT DEARBORN IN 1817 THE 
 
 FIRST POSTOFFICE IN CHICAGO ESTABLISHED IN 
 
 1831 PICTURE OF FIRST OFFICE GROWTH OF 
 
 BUSINESS IN SEVENTY-TWO YEARS — VOLUME OF 
 
 BUSINESS IN 1903 PERSONAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 POSTMASTERS NEW POSTOFFICE BUILDING — 
 
 NUMBER OF EMPLOYES AND HEADS OF DEPART- 
 MENTS STATISTICS OF BUSINESS FOR YEAR 
 
 ENDING JUNE 30, 1904. 
 
 A correct barometer of the growth and in- 
 crease in wealth and business of any city or 
 locality is well shown by the development of 
 its mail service, and to no locality in the world 
 will this apply more appropriately than to the 
 city of Chicago, as shown by the following con- 
 densed statement of the business of the Chi- 
 cago Postoffice from its beginning up to the 
 present time. 
 
 Letters were first brought to Chicago by the 
 annual arrival of a vessel at the fort, or by 
 some chance traveler who came to the place 
 through the wilderness, and later by Govern- 
 ment mail-carriers, who brought the mail to 
 the fort from Detroit, Ft. Wayne or St. Joseph, 
 about once a month. These were the only ave- 
 nues through which the outside world could 
 be heard from till 1831, up to which time no 
 postoffice had been established, and private per- 
 sons were dependent on the courtesy of the 
 commander of the fort for the receipt of let- 
 ters. 
 
 The first mention of mail communication 
 between Chicago and the East, after the de- 
 struction of Fort Dearborn, was in 1817. In 
 Keating's narrative of an expedition to the 
 source of St. Peter's River, published in Lon- 
 don, England, in 1825, it is stated that in May, 
 1823, an exploring party met with an express- 
 man named Bemis, sen) from Chicago for let- 
 ters at Fort Wayne, Ind., and detained him as 
 a guide. A carrier was at that time despatched 
 once a month for letters from Fort Dearborn 
 to Fort Wayne and in 1831 half a dozen letters 
 weekly was considered a heavy mail, and the 
 carrier's hat was used as a mail-bag and post- 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 727 
 
 office. The first list of advertised letters 
 appeared in the "Chicago Democrat" of Jan. 7, 
 1834, consisting of one letter to Erastus Bowen. 
 Now the weekly list averages 4,000. 
 
 Now, instead of one letter-carrier doing all 
 the work, for the month of July, 1903, the num- 
 ber of letter-carriers employed by the Chicago 
 Postoffice was 1,926, besides 2,076 clerks re- 
 quired in the several departments, and there 
 were 2,315 collections of mail each day, requir- 
 ing 405 horses, 320 wagons and 90 drivers in 
 the performance of this service. 
 
 In 1896, 19,814,029 pieces of mail matter were 
 handled in six days. The yearly receipts for 
 1903 aggregated 744,083,710 pieces, and of this 
 amount 200,000 pieces were received daily from 
 street railway postal stations on Madison 
 Street, Clark Street, Milwaukee Avenue and 
 Cottage Grove Avenue. 
 
 The total receipts of the Postoffice for 1833 
 were from $60 to $80. The total receipts for 
 1903 were $10,066,237.58 for Chicago, being 
 about 7 per cent of the whole amount for the 
 United States. 
 
 In 1833 letter postage ranged from 6% to 25 
 cents for each letter, according to distance, 
 reckoning from 30 to 400 miles or over, and 
 people came from 30 to 40 miles to Chicago 
 for their mail, and often were trusted for their 
 postage. 
 
 Now, for one year, according to the Post- 
 master's Report for 1903, the demand for 
 stamps and postal cards was as follows: 
 
 One cent stamps 172,759,300 
 
 Two cent stamps 216,084,700 
 
 Three cent stamps 7,058,900 
 
 Four cent stamps 7,081,300 
 
 Five cent stamps 7,426,800 
 
 Six cent stamps 2,801,200 
 
 Eight cent stamps 2,845,300 
 
 Ten cent stamps 4,396,500 
 
 Fifteen cent stamps 1,612,300 
 
 Fifty cent stamps 48,100 
 
 One dollar stamps 2,090 
 
 Two dollar stamps 307 
 
 Five dollar stamps 350 
 
 Special Delivery (10 cents) 535,150 
 
 Postal Cards 63,442,250 
 
 Auditor reports for years ending June 30, 
 1903: 
 
 Number. Value. 
 
 Money Orders Issued . . 827,115 $ 9,672,203.82 
 Money Orders paid 7,639,567 44,704,172.54 
 
 The expenses for the year 1836, including the 
 salaries of the Postmaster and two assistants, 
 were $4,350.00. 
 
 The expenditures for 1903 were as follows: 
 
 Clerks' pay-roll $1,763,460.35 
 
 Carriers' pay-roll 1,616,281.14 
 
 Special Delivery Messengers 50,465.81 
 
 Miscellaneous bills 161,565.18 
 
 Postmaster's salary 7,000.00 
 
 Total $3,588,772.88 
 
 Seventy-two years ago Postmaster Jonathan 
 N. Bailey opened the first regular mail, in the 
 first Chicago Postoffice in the old Kinzie resi- 
 dence. This postoffice was soon removed to a 
 small log building on the northeast corner of 
 Lake and South Water Streets, and in July, 
 1834, the postoffice was again removed from 
 this building to another log building 45 feet in 
 length and 18 feet in width, situated on the 
 corner of Franklin and South Water Streets. 
 One-half of this building was used by Post- 
 master Hogan as a postoffice, which gave him 
 plenty of room to accommodate all of Uncle 
 Sam's mail for Chicago, and the other half of 
 the building was occupied by Brewster, Hogan 
 & Co., fur-traders. 
 
 The first Postmaster of Chicago, Jonathan 
 Nash Bailey, was born on the 3d day of Feb- 
 ruary, A. D. 1789, in Hartford, N. J. He was 
 appointed Postmaster by Postmaster-General 
 William T. Barry, March 31, 1831, during the 
 first term of President Andrew Jackson's ad- 
 ministration and served until Nov. 2, 1832. He 
 was well fitted for his arduous duties, having 
 served from April 25, 1825, to August 21, 1829, 
 as Postmaster at Mackinac, Mich. There were 
 no established mail routes or post-roads north 
 of Chicago in those days. Half a dozen letters 
 weekly were considered a heavy mail. The 
 mail was received twice a week, coming 
 through Niles, Mich., the nearest distributing 
 office, there being no other mail-route in North- 
 ern Illinois nearer than that leading from Peo- 
 ria or Galena. The mail was carried to Niles 
 by stage from Detroit, Mich., to which point 
 it came from Cleveland, Ohio. It required, even 
 down to 1837, fourteen days for a letter to come 
 from New York or Washington, D. C, to De- 
 troit, Mich., and the stage time from the latter 
 
728 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 point to Chicago was five days, more or less, 
 being largely a matter of adventitious circum- 
 stances. Now the time for delivery between 
 New York and Chicago is the same number of 
 hours. The population of Chicago, during Post- 
 master Bailey's term, was about 2,000. 
 
 John Stephen Coats Hogan, the second Post- 
 master of Chicago, was born on the 6th day of 
 February, A. D. 1805. He came to Chicago in 
 1830, was appointed Postmaster by President 
 Andrew Jackson, Nov. 2, 1832, and served until 
 March 3, 1837. In 1833 there was but one 
 
 newspaper slips and Government despatches. 
 Triple rates were charged for letters and news- 
 papers. The experiment was not a success 
 financially and was abandoned. 
 
 The third Postmaster of Chicago, Sidney 
 Abell, was born in Bennington, Vt., March 10, 
 1809, and was appointed Postmaster March 3, 
 1837, by Postmaster-General Amos Kendall 
 under President Martin Van Buren's adminis- 
 tration. In June, 1837, the postofiice was re- 
 moved to the Bigelow building on Clark Street, 
 between Lake and South Water Streets, and 
 
 .). S. C. HOGAN'S STORE, WHERE THE FIRST CHICAGO 
 
 POST OFFICE WAS KEPT. 
 
 From an Original Painting Taken by Feknando Jones. 
 
 eastern mall per week, to and from Niles, Mich- 
 igan, and it was carried on horse-back. Dr. 
 John T. Temple was awarded the contract for 
 carrying mail from Chicago to Ottawa in 
 1833, but on his first trip there was no mail 
 to carry. The first recorded Assistant Post- 
 master was Thomas Watkins, who served under 
 Postmaster Hogan, and who created a local 
 sensation by marrying Theresa Lafraniboise, 
 the half-breed daughter of Joseph Laframboise, 
 a French fur-trader and chief of the Pottawat- 
 tomles. In 1836 Postmaster-General Amos 
 Kendall established horse-l^ack express mails 
 to convoy letters requhing great expedition, 
 
 again removed in 1838 to the Saloon Build- 
 ing, 37 Clark Street, on the southeast corner 
 of Lake Street. There was one daily Eastern 
 mail. Postmaster's assistants were Ralph M. 
 P. Abell and Charles Robert Starkweather, the 
 latter remaining in the postoffice until 1860. 
 The salary of the postmaster was fixed at $4,000 
 per annum. In 1836 the receipts of the Chi- 
 cago postofiice were $2,148.29 and the expenses 
 $350. 
 
 During the term of Postmaster Abell the pos- 
 tal business increased so that Chicago became 
 a distributing PostoflUce and its dependence on 
 Niles, *MIch., was discontinued. A daily mail 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 729 
 
 to the Bast was established, and railway postal 
 routes were established in 1838; but as Chicago 
 was only beginning to be approached by rail- 
 roads, it obtained no direct benefit from the 
 system except as the mails were more speedily 
 transported on the lines running toward the west. 
 
 William Stewart, publisher of the "Chicago 
 Daily American," the fourth Postmaster of Chi- 
 cago, was born in Binghamton, N. Y., Dec. 23, 
 1810, and came to Chicago in 1835. On July 
 10, 1841, he was appointed Postmaster, by Post- 
 master-General Francis Granger, under Presi- 
 dent John Tyler's administration. He moved 
 the postoffice into a brick building at No. 50 
 Clark Street. In 1844 forty-four mails were 
 received and made up weekly at the Chicago 
 Office. No letter carriers were then employed. 
 There were no postal orders, postage stamps, 
 envelopes or registered letters. The population 
 of Chicago was 5,752. Postmaster Stewart was 
 the first newspaper man to hold this office. An 
 act was passed by Congress in 1845 repealing 
 the act of 1816, and reducing letter-postage to 
 5 and 10 cents a letter, based on the distance 
 letters were carried. 
 
 The fifth Postmaster of Chicago, Hart L. 
 Stewart, was born in Brldgewater, Oneida 
 County, N. Y., August 29, 1803. He received his 
 appointment from President James K. Polk, 
 April 25, 1845. The population of Chicago at 
 that time was about 12,000. In 1844 he pur- 
 chased the lot on the northwest corner of 
 State and Washington Streets, now occupied 
 by the Stewart Building, 90 by 91 feet, for $360, 
 paying for it in Canal scrip, and thought he 
 had made a bad trade. 
 
 Richard Lush Wilson, sixth Postmaster of 
 Chicago, was born in Albany, N. Y., in 1814, 
 came to Chicago in 1834 and was appointed 
 Postmaster by President Zachary Taylor on 
 April 23, 1849, but was removed by President 
 Fillmore on September 25, 1850. 
 
 The seventh Postmaster of Chicago, George 
 Washington Dole, was born in 1815 in Troy, 
 N. Y., was appointed Postmaster by President 
 Millard Fillmore, Sept. 25, 1850, and moved the 
 postoffice to Nos. 51 and 53 Clark Street, the 
 present site of the Ashland Block. The receipts 
 of the office in 1850 amounted to $14,630, and 
 the expenses to $11,863. The population of 
 Chicago then was 28,269. The Assistant Post- 
 master was Charles S. Dole. 
 
 Isaac Cook, who served the eighth and tenth 
 terms as Postmaster of Chicago, was born near 
 
 Long Branch, N. J., on July 4, 1813, and came 
 to Chicago in 1834. He was appointed Post- 
 master by President Franklin Pierce, March 22, 
 1853, and again by President James Buchanan 
 on March 10, 1858. In December, 1854, complaint 
 was made of insufficient space and that the 
 clerks were overworked. During Cook's first 
 term the postoffice was moved to the ground 
 floor of 84 and 86 Dearborn Street, where it re- 
 mained until the completion of the first Govern- 
 ment Building in 1860, on the present site of the 
 First National Bank, at the northwest corner of 
 Dearborn and Monroe Streets, when it was 
 again moved to that structure. This building 
 was occupied by the postoffice and other Gov- 
 ernment offices apd was burned in the fire of 
 Oct. 9, 1871. 
 
 The ninth Postmaster of Chicago, William 
 Price, was born in New York City, Nov. 15, 
 1821. He was appointed Postmaster by Presi- 
 dent James Buchanan, March 18, 1857, and 
 served until March, 1858. 
 
 The eleventh Postmaster, John Locke Scripps, 
 was born near Cape Girardeau, Mo., Feb. 27, 
 1818, and was appointed Postmaster by Presi- 
 dent Abraham Lincoln, March 28, 1861. The 
 Postmaster-General, in a letter to the Postmas- 
 ter of Cincinnati during Mr. Scrlpp's adminis- 
 tration, spoke of the Chicago office as a model, 
 with perfect discipline pertaining to all its 
 affairs. Notice calling for payment of one 
 cent postage on drop-letters was issued in ac- 
 cordance with an act of Congress, approved 
 Feb. 27, 1861. 
 
 Samuel Hoard, Chicago's twelfth Postmaster, 
 was born in Westminster, Mass., May 20, 1800, 
 and was appointed Postmaster of Chicago by 
 Abraham Lincoln, March 9, 1865. A. S. Rey- 
 nolds was his Assistant Postmaster. 
 
 The thirteenth Postmaster of Chicago, Thomas 
 Ogden Osborne, was born in Licking County, 
 Ohio, was nominated by President Andrew 
 Johnson and confirmed by the Senate as Post- 
 master, July 23, 1866; but, owing to his unwill- 
 ingness to endorse the policy of the President, 
 the appointment was withdrawn, and, later, he 
 was elected Treasurer of Cook County. 
 
 Postmaster number fourteen, Robert Addison 
 Gilmore, was born in New Hartford, Oneida 
 County, N. Y., April 18, 1833. In the fall of 
 1866, President Andrew Johnson offered him 
 the position of Postmaster, which was accepted 
 on condition that he be permitted to retain his 
 position as General Ticket Agent of the Chi- 
 
730 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 cago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway. There 
 were three divisions in the Postoffice at that 
 time, viz.: City Delivery, Mailing and Registry 
 departments, and but eighty-five carriers as 
 the carrier system had but recently been inaug- 
 urated. Postage was three cents for mail let- 
 ters and two cents for local. Mr. Gilmore was 
 drowned in Lake Michigan, August 9, 1867, 
 while engaged in his favorite pastime of row- 
 ing. A. S. Reynolds was his assistant. 
 
 The fifteenth Postmaster of Chicago, Francis 
 Trowbridge Sherman, was born in Newton, 
 Conn., Dec. 31, 1825. He came to Chicago in 
 April, 1834, and in 1844, was appointed to a 
 clerkship in the postoffice by General Hart L. 
 Stewart. He was appointed Postmaster by 
 President Andrew Johnson, August 27, 1867, to 
 fill the vacancy caused by the drowning of 
 Postmaster Gilmore. During his administra- 
 tion many improvements were introduced by 
 the department, notably the free delivery sys- 
 tem, the money order system and the railroad 
 mail service. 
 
 Collins S. Squiers entered the service under 
 Postmaster Hoard as Assistant Postmaster and 
 occupied this position during five administra- 
 tions, beginning with that of Sherman, and 
 ending during the early part of Judd's admin- 
 istration in 1885. 
 
 Postmaster number sixteen of Chicago was 
 Francis Ambrose Eastman, who was born at 
 Littleton, N. H. In 1858 he came to Chicago, 
 and on April 5, 1869, was appointed Postmaster 
 by President U. S. Grant. After the second 
 year of his incumbency, Chicago became the 
 second postoffice in the United States. The 
 business of the office was admirably conducted 
 through the great fire of 1871. Premises were 
 secured in Burlington Hall, northwest corner 
 State and Sixteenth Streets, and afterwards in 
 the Methodist Church Building, northwest cor- 
 ner of Wabash Avenue and Harrison Street. 
 Before his appointment as Postmaster, Mr. 
 Eastman served one term (1863-65) as repre- 
 sentative in the General Assembly, and one 
 term (1865-69) as State Senator. 
 
 John McArthur, the seventeenth Postmaster 
 of Chicago, was born in the County of Ren- 
 frew, Scotland, Nov. 17, 1826, and came to Chi- 
 cago In 1849. He was appointed Postmaster 
 by President Grant, Dec. 18, 1872, and served 
 tintll March, 1877. During his administration 
 the poMlofflce was located in the Methodist 
 Church Building, corner of Wabash Avenue and 
 
 Harrison Streets. The postoffice was burned 
 during the second great fire of 1874, but its 
 business went on uninterruptedly and the serv- 
 ice was highly complimented by the citizens. 
 New quarters were subsequently secured in the 
 Honore Building, at the northwest corner of 
 Adams and Dearborn Streets. 
 
 Francis Wayland Palmer, the eighteenth 
 Postmaster of Chicago, was born at Manches- 
 ter, Dearborn County, Ind., Oct. 11, 1827. He 
 came to Chicago in 1872, was appointed Post- 
 master by President U. S. Grant in February, 
 1877, and served until July 1, 1885. In January 
 1879, the Honore Building on Dearborn Street, 
 in which the postoffice was located, having been 
 destroyed by fire, the basement of the Singer 
 Building (now the Marshall Field & Company's 
 retail store) was secured as a temporary shel- 
 ter for the postoffice, and, without the loss of 
 a single piece of mail, the removal of the 
 office was effected and the ordinary business 
 resumed. The Postmaster-General sent a letter 
 of thanks to the Postmaster for the manner in 
 which the work of removal and re-establish- 
 ment of the office had been performed. Before 
 the close of Mr. Palmer's administration the 
 Government Building on the site of the one 
 now in process of erection was completed and 
 occupied. 
 
 The nineteenth Postmaster of Chicago was 
 Solomon Corning Judd, who was born in Otis 
 County, N. Y., July 21, 1827, and removed to 
 Chicago in 1873. He was appointed Postmaster 
 in May, 1885, by President Grover Cleveland 
 and held the office until November, 1888. 
 
 Postmaster number twenty of Chicago was 
 Walter Cass Newberry. He was born at Water- 
 ville, Oneida County, N. Y., Dec. 23, 1835, re- 
 moved to Chicago in 1876, and was appointed 
 Postmaster by President Grover Cleveland, 
 Nov. 19, 1888. 
 
 The twenty-first Postmaster, James Andrew 
 Sexton, was born in Chicago, Jan. 5, 1844. He 
 was appointed Postmaster April 16, 1889, by 
 President Benjamin Harrison. During the 
 World's Fair of 1893 the pressure of business 
 upon the office was extremely heavy, but its 
 admirable administration proved fully equal to 
 the emergency. 
 
 Washington Hesing, Postmaster number 
 twenty-two, was born in in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 May 14, 1849; came to Chicago in 1854, and 
 was appointed Postmaster by President Grover 
 Cleveland, Nov. 25, 1893. He resigned his posi- 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 731 
 
 tion, March 15, 1897, in order to become a can- 
 didate for Mayor of Chicago. He died in 
 Chicago, Dec. 18, 1897. At the time Mr. Hesing 
 became Postmaster there were fifty-seven inde- 
 pendent postoffices within what are now the 
 corporate limits of the city of Chicago. All 
 of these were discontinued and merged into the 
 Chicago Postoffice. During his term of office, 
 on account of the extension of the city limits, 
 the number of postal stations was increased 
 from twelve to thirty-seven, sub-stations from 
 twenty-four to fifty-eight, and stamp agencies 
 from seventy to one hundred and ninety, and 
 the number of square miles receiving free de- 
 livery service from seventy to one hundred and 
 twenty-eight. The letter-carrier force was 
 increased during the same period from 935 to 
 1,096 men; the clerical force from 998 to 1,319; 
 number of daily deliveries from 2,878 to 3,714; 
 daily collections from 570 to 1,007; letter-boxes 
 from 1,987 to 2,827; package boxes from 50 to 
 244; and the receipts of the office from $4,694,- 
 905.47 in 1893 to $5,224,659.76 in 1896. While 
 Postmaster, Mr. Hesing was largely instru- 
 mental in bringing about the passage of the 
 act of Congress authorizing the erection of the 
 new Federal Building on the block bounded by 
 Adams, Dearborn and Clark Streets and Jack- 
 son Boulevard at an originally estimated cost 
 of $4,000,000. 
 
 CHARLES ULYSSES GORDON, Chicago's 
 twenty-third Postmaster, was born April 2, 
 1865, in the village of Dunlap, Peoria County, 
 111., the son of Andrew J. Gordon, a native of 
 Surrey County, N. C. At sixteen years of age 
 Mr. Gordon came to Chicago and entered Bry- 
 ant & Stratton's Business College, a year later 
 engaged as a teacher near Jamestown, Ind., 
 after which, having completed his course at 
 Bryant & Stratton's, on Jan. 1, 1883, he became 
 cashier and bookkeeper for Stevens, Wilce & 
 Co., lumber manufacturers, still later engaging 
 in the real-estate business as head of the firm 
 of Charles U. Gordon & Co., continuing until 
 Jan. 1, 1896. March 19, 1897, he was appointed 
 Postmaster of the city of Chicago by President 
 McKinley, was confirmed by the Senate the 
 same day, and assumed the duties of the office 
 April 1, 1897, as successor of the late "Washing- 
 ton Hesing, serving until April 1, 1901. Mr. 
 Gordon was one of the organizers of the Mar- 
 quette Club which he served as Secretary, and 
 later as President. He was chosen Secretary 
 of the Real Estate Board in 1890, is a member 
 
 of the Union League Club, and an enthusiastic 
 supporter of the principles of the Republican 
 party. 
 
 FREDERICK E. COYNE, present Postmaster 
 of Chicago, and twenty-fifth in order of suc- 
 cession, was born in East Orange, N. J., Sept. 
 25, 1860, attended public school until his 
 twelfth year, when the necessity of "making a 
 living" having forced him into the field of 
 labor, he was employed at odd jobs until his 
 nineteenth year. Then starting west, he got as 
 far as Kansas City on his way to Colorado, 
 when his mother's sickness called him back to 
 New Jersey. Stopping one day in Chicago on 
 his return, he then determined if he should 
 leave home again, he would locate in that city, 
 which he did in 1883. For a time he earned his 
 living driving a milk-wagon, but later engaged 
 in the lunch-counter business on a small scale, 
 which by shrewd business management has 
 grown into the present large bakery business 
 conducted by him, besides two restaurants on 
 Madison and Lake Streets. Mr. Coyne entered 
 politics by way of recreation, and his rise in 
 this field has been due to the application of 
 the same principles that won success for him 
 in business. His knowledge of men, clear judg- 
 ment and sound methods made him a success- 
 ful organizer and leader in local and State 
 politics. While he has never held an elective 
 office, his influence was potent in the first Mc- 
 Kinley campaign, and the President, seeking a 
 man of ability and business capacity, in 1897 
 appointed Mr. Coyne Collector of Internal Rev- 
 enue for the Chicago District. The collection 
 of the increased taxes consequent upon the 
 Spanish-American War made the position one 
 of more than ordinary difficulty. The business 
 of the office increased from over $5,000,000 in 
 1898, to more than $14,000,000 in 1899, and the 
 accounts of the Chicago office balanced to a 
 cent — a record probably not equaled by any 
 other large district in the country. So thor- 
 ough was Mr. Coyne's administration of the 
 Government business, that it was the occasion 
 of special recognition by President McKinley. 
 In April, 1901, President McKinley appointed 
 Mr. Coyne Postmaster of Chicago as successor 
 to Mr. Gordon, and he was reappointed by Pi-es- 
 ident Roosevelt on the assembling of Congress 
 in December following. 
 
 His application of those business methods 
 and attention to detail that brought success in 
 the bakery business and the collection of Gov- 
 
732 
 
 HISTORICAL EITCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ernment revenue, is operating to the advantage 
 of the Chicago PostoflBce. Through conditions 
 for which no one can be criticised, the Chicago 
 office was in social and material disorder when 
 Mr. Coyne took charge of it; but through his 
 skillful management the postoffice family of 
 4,000 employes are in business harmony and, 
 for the past fourteen months, there has been 
 a daily "clean up" of postoffice work. In 1886 
 Mr. Coyne married Miss Pauline Niehaus, of 
 Chicago, and five small Coynes have been added 
 to the family purse. 
 
 TJie following is a list of employes at the 
 head of different departments of branches of 
 the service under the present incumbent: 
 
 Secretary of Postmaster Eugene B. Fletcher 
 
 Assistant Postmaster John M. Hubbard 
 
 Auditor John Matter 
 
 Superintendent of Mails F. H. Galbraith 
 
 Superintendent of Delivery .. Leroy T. Steward 
 Superintendent Registry Division 
 
 Perry H. Smith, Jr. 
 
 Superintendent Money Order Division 
 
 Joseph B. Schlossman 
 
 Superintendent Inquiry Division 
 
 John T. McGrath 
 
 Superintendent Second-class Matter 
 
 Paul Hull 
 
 Superintendent Bureau of Printing and 
 
 Supplies James N. Brady 
 
 Cashier Theron W. Bean 
 
 Topographer Lester J. Barr 
 
 Secretary Civil Service Board Peter Newton 
 
 Postoffice Inspector (in charge) 
 
 James E. Stewart 
 
 Superintendent Sixth Division Railway 
 
 Mail Service E. L. West 
 
 The pneumatic tube service connection with 
 the Chicago Postoffice was formally opened in 
 August, 1904. The first matter to be received 
 through the tubes was a silk American fiag. 
 The first letter to pass through the tubes was 
 addressed to President Roosevelt. After the 
 first batch of mail had been sent through the 
 bore, the system was formally turned over to 
 the Government and was accepted on behalf 
 of the Federal authorities by Postmaster-Gen- 
 eral Payne. The system consists of nine miles 
 of brass tubes through which bags of mail are 
 transported by compressed air to various sta- 
 tions, Including those located at all railway 
 depotij. The Hysteni here is said to be the 
 largest thus far installed in the United States, 
 
 but will undoubtedly be largely extended as 
 required by the growing business of the office 
 and as its value is demonstrated by its practical 
 use. 
 
 From the days in which Postmaster Bailey 
 carried his weekly supply of letters in his hat 
 to the laying of the corner-stone of the mag- 
 nificent steel and stone structure in which the 
 Postoffice is to be housed, seventy-two years 
 have elapsed and there are now employed in 
 its service more than twice as many people 
 as there were residents of Chicago at the time 
 the first postoffice was opened. 
 
 The expenses of the office in 1836 were $350, 
 and its commissions for the same year were $2,- 
 148.29 exclusive of the salary of the Postmas- 
 ter. In comparison, the following statistics 
 from the report of the fiscal year ending June 
 30, 1904, will indicate the growth of business 
 in the office: 
 
 Receipts for fiscal year, ended June 
 
 30, 1904 ?10,056,237.58 
 
 Expenditures for fiscal year, ended 
 
 June 30, 1904 3,598,772.48 
 
 Surplus for fiscal year, ended June 
 
 30, 1904 6,457,465.10 
 
 Total area of Chicago Postal dis- 
 trict (square miles) 190.26 
 
 Area of free delivery district 
 
 (square miles) 187.00 
 
 Size of present office building 
 
 (feet) 240x523 
 
 Number of Clerks employed in 
 
 general office 2,076 
 
 Number of Clerks employed at 
 
 stations 354 
 
 Number of Clerks detailed at street 
 
 railway offices 40 
 
 Number of Carriers 1,526 
 
 Carriers detailed to collection 
 
 service 303 
 
 Total number of deliveries per day. 4,044 
 
 Total number of collections per 
 
 day 2,315 
 
 Number of free-delivery stations.. 45 
 
 Stations without carriers 5 
 
 Number of substations 205 
 
 Annual rent paid for stations $ 78,207.40 
 
 Annual cost of substations 14,238.78 
 
 Despatches from General Postoffice 
 
 to stations (dally) 418 
 
 Despatches from stations to Gen- 
 eral Postoffice (dally) 463 
 
HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 733 
 
 Total number of exchanges be- 
 tween stations (daily) 539 
 
 Number of street railway postal 
 cars 13 
 
 Number of canceling machines 45 
 
 Number of letter boxes 3,944 
 
 Number of package boxes 672 
 
 Number of horses employed in col- 
 lection service 275 
 
 Number of wagons employed in 
 collection service 239 
 
 Number of horses employed in 
 messenger service 130 
 
 Number of wagons employed in 
 messenger service 81 
 
 Number of drivers employed in 
 messenger service 90 
 
 Car fare allowance, per annum. . . .$ 26,000.00 
 
 Yearly cost of messenger service.. 108,350.00 
 
 The PostoflSce now (1904) occupies temporary 
 quarters in a two-story brick building in Grant 
 Park, facing Michigan Avenue between Ran- 
 dolph and Washington Streets, and having a 
 frontage of 457 feet, by 220 feet in depth, orig- 
 inally with a floor space of 144,132 square feet, 
 which has been increased by subsequent addi- 
 tions by about 3,000 square feet. Here the 
 oflSce will remain until the building, now in 
 process of construction on the site of the old 
 building on the square bounded by Adams, 
 Clark and Dearborn Streets and Jackson Boule- 
 vard, shall be completed. Besides the space 
 mentioned as occupied in the central office 
 building, there are, in different parts of the 
 city, 46 free-delivery carrier stations, besides 
 five other stations and 205 sub-stations, in- 
 creasing the total area occupied for postal serv- 
 ice in all parts of the city by perhaps one hun- 
 dred per cent. 
 
 T,he corner-stone of the new Postofflce Build- 
 ing, now in course of construction, was laid 
 with imposing ceremonies October 9, 1899. The 
 main building rises to a height of eight stories 
 above the basement, with an additional height 
 of eight stories in the great dome, making a 
 total of sixteen stories in the central portion. 
 The original estimated cost was $4,000,000 (not 
 including furnishings), which will be increased 
 by changes somewhat. The building occupies 
 the entire block, and will have an aggregate 
 floor-space of over 300,000 square feet, to which 
 material additions will probably be made in 
 basement and subways. It is now promised 
 
 that the upper stories of the building, which 
 has been in process of construction for over 
 five years, will be ready for occupancy by July 
 1, 1905, the completion of the portion of the 
 building to be used for the postofflce being de- 
 layed in consequence of changes in construction 
 some months later. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 CHICAGO FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 HISTORY OF ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF FIRE DEPART- 
 
 MENl' FIRST VOLUNTEER FIRE COMPANY 
 
 ORGANIZED IN 1832 EARLY METHODS OF FIGHT- 
 ING FIRES FIRST CHICAGO FIRE IN 1834 LOSS 
 
 CONTRASTED WITH THE FIRE OF 1871 — EARLY 
 
 VOLUNTEER FIRE ORGANIZATIONS LIST OF CHIEF 
 
 ENGINEERS PAID FIRE DEPARTMENT ORGANIZED 
 
 IN 1859 CHIEF MARSHALS, 1859-1904 — PRES- 
 ENT ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENT OUTFIT 
 
 AND VALUE OF FIRE APPARATUS, BUILDINGS 
 
 AND OTHER PROPERTY THE FIRE-BOAT SERVICE 
 
 — A GREAT FIRE TRAGEDY THE IROQUOIS THE- 
 ATER DISASTER OF DECEMBER 30, 1903 — HIS- 
 TORY OF THE FIRE ALARM SERVICE. 
 
 The flrst fire company in Chicago, called the 
 Washington Volunteer Company, was organized 
 in 1832, "under an act passed by the State Leg- 
 islature in 1831, conferring power on Town and 
 Village Trustees to organize Fire Companies, 
 the membership to be limited to thirty and 
 exempt from military duty except in time of 
 war," but as Chicago did not have a dozen 
 buildings, and was not even a town, the Wash- 
 ington Volunteers were not incorporated and 
 never owned any apparatus. They are only 
 a memory of the past, as only three names have 
 been handed down to posterity, viz: J. J. Gil- 
 luffy. Secretary, and "high privates" A. V. 
 Knickerbocker and H. Williams. They did 
 nothing but hold meetings until the spring of 
 1833. The town of Chicago was incorporated 
 in August, 1833, and contained 250 inhabitants. 
 Estimates for the year 1904 — 71 years later — 
 give it about 2,000,000. The flrst fire ordinance 
 was passed November 6, 1833, prohibiting pass- 
 ing stove pipes through roofs, partitions or 
 
734 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 sides of the building, unless protected from 
 contact with, the wood by at least six inches of 
 two sheets of iron. To enforce this prohibition 
 a "Fire Warden" was necessary, and Benjamin 
 Jones was the first to hold that office. When 
 in September, 1834, the town was divided into 
 four wards, a warden was appointed for each 
 division, viz: W. Worthington, First Ward; E. 
 E. Hunter, Second; Samuel Resague, Third, 
 and James Kinzie, Fourth. These officials were 
 charged not only with the enforcement of the 
 ordinance, but also with the supervision and 
 direction of the action of such citizens as might 
 respond to an alarm of fire, which was then 
 given only by the human voice. The pecuniary 
 emoluments of the position were confined to a 
 per diem stipend for the examination of tene- 
 ments, on the first Monday of each month, with 
 a view to ascertaining whether the stove-pipes 
 were properly protected. 
 
 The first fire in Chicago, of which any re- 
 port had been preserved, occurred at the comer 
 of Lake and La Salle Streets, October 7, 1834, 
 at 10 o'clock A. M., which was just 37 years 
 to a day before the first part of the great fire 
 of 1871 took place. The citizens hurried to the 
 Bcene of the first confiagration with a prompt- 
 ness worthy of commendation, and, by their 
 exertion, succeeded in arresting its progress 
 after four buildings had been destroyed, al- 
 though the wind was very high at the time and 
 threatened the destruction of several of the sur- 
 rounding buildings. The combined loss amounted 
 to $2,230, including $230 in money— $125 being 
 "Jackson money" found in the ruins, and the 
 balance "rag currency," which was destroyed. 
 This seems an insignificant blaze compared with 
 the great conflagration of 1871, when the total 
 number of buildings destroyed was about 20,000 
 the property loss $350,000,000, and nearly 300 
 lives sacrificed. The fire of 1834 was started 
 by a coal dropping from a shovel while being 
 carried from one building to another. 
 
 For the want of suitable officers to take 
 charge of and oversee in case of fire, it was 
 found that protection at that time was inade- 
 quate in case of emergencies. Two days later 
 the Board of Trustees ordered the fire wardens 
 to wear badges of office, authorized them to 
 summon byfltanders to their assistance— some- 
 what aftpr thf manner of a Sheriff's posse com- 
 ItatUH— and making each warden a temporary 
 "rhiof" In his own ward. This excltomoni and 
 zeal caused the Imposition of a fine (for the 
 
 first time) for a violation of the "stove-pipe 
 ordinance." The amount of the penalty is not 
 known, but the name of the unlucky culprit 
 was "Mrs. Hopkins," and she owed her misfor- 
 tune to the zeal of fire warden No. 2. The next 
 action of the Trustees was the passage, on 
 Nov. 3, 1834, of another "fire ordinance" pro- 
 hibiting the conveying of "fire brands or coals 
 of fire from one building to another, within the 
 limits of the town, unless in a covered earthen 
 or fire-proof vessel." The penalty attached to 
 each violation was a fine of five dollars, which 
 might be imposed by any Justice of the Peace, 
 which ordinance, as passed, was attested by 
 the signatures of John H. Kinzie, President of 
 the Board, and E. W. Casey, "Clerk, pro tem." 
 Meanwhile the town's provisions against fire 
 remained ridiculously inadequate to the wants 
 of a rapidly growing community, and for the 
 want of proper appliances, the work of the 
 citizens, and later of the volunteer department, 
 was very often unsuccessful, and dangerous. 
 
 The "Chicago Democrat" is authority for the 
 assertion that, in May, 1835, there was "not 
 even a fire bucket" in the town, but, on Sep- 
 tember 19, 1835, the Board of Trustees pledged 
 the credit of the corporation for the purchase 
 of two engines of the pattern to be selected by 
 the President, W. B. Ogden, as Agent. On 
 October 7, 1835, the Trustees ordered two "fire 
 hooks" with chains and ropes, two "ladders" 
 16 feet long, four "axes" and four "hand saws," 
 at an expenditure of $29.63. 
 
 On the same date the "Pioneer" Hook and 
 Ladder Co. was formed, the first citizens to sign 
 the roll being Philip F. W. Peck, Joseph L. 
 Hanson, Joseph Meeker and Jason McCord; 
 other names were enrolled as follows: John L. 
 Wilson, E. C. Brackett, John Holbrook, T. Jen- 
 kins, T. F. Spaulding, Isaac Cook, J. J. Gar- 
 land, George Smith, J. K. Palmer, Thomas S. 
 Ellis, John R. Livingston, Henry G. Hubbard, 
 George W. Snow, Thomas J. King, N. F. J. 
 Munroe, George W. Merrill, Samuel S. Lathrop, 
 and Thomas S. Hyde. This action, however, 
 was only tentative, and not until November 4, 
 1835, was the first Chicago Fire Department 
 really organized. On that day an ordinance 
 was passed making the Board of Trustees ex- 
 offlcio Fire Wardens, and authorizing them to 
 appoint a chief engineer with two assistants 
 l)esidcs four additional fire wardens. The house 
 to house inspection by the fire wardens was 
 continued and every householder was required 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 735 
 
 to keep "one good painted leather fire bucket" 
 with the owner's initial painted thereon, for 
 either fire-place or stove, provided he used only 
 one. If he had more he must have two buckets 
 under a fine of two dollars for each deficiency, 
 besides the further sum of one dollar for each 
 month that he shall neglect to provide himself 
 with such bucket or buckets, after he shall 
 have been notified by a fire warden so to do. 
 There were many buckets, and in case of fire 
 every man who owned one might be required to 
 turn out, and work like a Trojan, under the 
 supervision and instruction of the fire warden. 
 Should he fail to respond he was liable to a 
 fine of two dollars. This led to the formation 
 of the first Bucket Company, which existed 
 for five years. The only one of these original 
 leather buckets known to be in existence hangs 
 in the rooms of the Chicago Historical Society 
 and bears the name of "C. Stose." 
 
 A new fire engine was received in December, 
 1835, the purchase being authorized in Septem- 
 ber of that year. The sellers, Hubbard & 
 Co., kindly favored the corporation, by accept- 
 ing its price, $894.38, to be paid in two annual 
 installments. 
 
 On December 12, 1835, the first Fire Company 
 under the new ordinance was formed. It 
 adopted the name of "Fire Kings, No. 1." The 
 first signatures to the roll were those of H. G. 
 Loomis, H. H. Magie, J. M. Morrison, W. M. 
 Clarke, John Calhoun, Alvin Calhoun, W. H. 
 Stow, C. Beers, Peter L. Updike, A. Gilbert and 
 J. C. Walters. Its motto was "Pro Bono Pub- 
 lico," and its first officers were: S. G. Trow- 
 bridge, Foreman; H. G. Loomis, Treasurer; A. 
 C. Hamilton, Clerk, and Ira Kimberly, Steward. 
 On December 17, 1835, Hiram Hugunin, Presi- 
 dent of the Board of Trustees, was made Chief 
 Engineer, his first and second assistants being 
 William Jones and Peter L. Updike. Owing to 
 a feeling among the firemen that they should be 
 allowed to select their own chief, Mr. Hugunin 
 resigned his position February 17, 1836, being 
 succeeded by George W. Snow of the "Pioneer" 
 Hook and Ladder Company. Tie County Com- 
 missioners granted permission to erect an 
 engine house on the public square, on La Salle 
 Street, and to occupy the same without paying 
 rent therefor for five years. The size of the 
 building was 24 by 12 feet, and the members of 
 the Company induced the Board of Trustees to 
 promise that there should be a cistern, made 
 of good pine lumber to hold two hogsheads of 
 
 water. The contract for the construction of 
 the building was made with Levi Blake in 
 December, 1835, and was completed in 1836. 
 
 Chief Engineers Chicago Volunteer Fiee 
 Department. — 1835, Hiram Hugunin; 1836, 
 George W. Snow; 1837, John M. Turner; 1838, 
 Alexander Lloyd; 1839, Alvin Calhoun; 1840, 
 Luther Nichols; 1841-2, A. S. Sherman; 1843-6, 
 Stephen F. Cale; 1847-8, C. P. Peck; 1849, Ash- 
 ley Gilbert; 1850-1, C. P. Bradley; 1852-3, U. P. 
 Harris; 1854, J. M. Donnelly; 1855-7, Cyrus Mc- 
 Bride; 1858-9, Denis J. Swenie. 
 
 Chief Engineers Paid Fire Department. — 
 1859, Denis J. Swenie; 1860-8, U. P. Harris; 1868- 
 73, R. A. Williams; 1873-79, M. Benner; 1880- 
 1901, Denis J. Swenie; 1901-04, William H. 
 Musham; 1904, John Campion. 
 
 In September, 1841, the "Chicago Bag and 
 Fire Guard Company" was organized. Its mem- 
 bers were provided with wrenches, canvas bags 
 and ropes, and the character of its parapher- 
 nalia probably suggested the sobriquet of the 
 "Forty Thieves," under which cognomen it gave 
 "swell socials" for five years, when it was dis- 
 banded and its members assigned to other com- 
 panies. The names of the famous "Forty" 
 were as follows: L. M. Boyce, D. S. Lee, W. 
 H. Adams, J. C. Haines, L. P. Hilliard, J. Gross, 
 J. W. Mitchell, W. Dunlop, W. M. Larrabee, Ira 
 Couch, J. B. Wier, F. A. Howe, J. W. Streh, J. 
 H. Ries, George Raymond, A. Follansbee, C. N. 
 Holden, E. I. Tinkham, A. H. Burley, Sol Tay- 
 lor, A. McClure, T. P. Robb, H. W. Stow, S. J. 
 Surdam, H. W. Bigelow, Thomas George, R. F. 
 Hamilton, A. E. Fuller, P. C. Sheldon, I. S. 
 Harbley, E. R. Rogers, C. R. Vandercock, E. C. 
 Hall, J. C. Hodge, W. S. Newberry, J. H. Burch, 
 J. E. Davis, J. H. Dunham, E. Emerson and 
 Luther Nichols. The first Foreman was T. P. 
 Robb, and its last, L. M. Boyce. 
 
 In September, 1841, "Bucket Company No. 1" 
 (the Neptune), was formed, and at first boasted 
 of twenty-five members with headquarters at 
 the foot of La Salle Street. In November, 1846, 
 the Company was disbanded and its members 
 formed an association known as the "Red 
 Jackets," which Company became famous in 
 the annals of the Volunteer Fire Department. 
 Engine Company, No. 3, "Osceola," later the 
 "Niagara," was organized November 24, 1844, 
 with W. F. Foster, Foreman, and W. M. Larra- 
 bee, Assistant. The members were from the 
 best society on the North Side, and "No. 3" was 
 known as the "Kid Glove" Company. 
 
736 
 
 HISTOEICAL EN"CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 In January, 1845, the Philadelphia Hose Com- 
 pany, No. 1, was organized, Jacob R. Johnson, 
 Foreman. "Red Jackets, No. 4," were organized 
 and in May, 1852, were made happy by the 
 reception of a ten-inch cylinder and twelve-inch 
 stroke engine built by L. Button & Com- 
 pany. 
 
 "Excelsior No. 5" was organized November, 
 
 1846, with A. S. Sherman, Foreman; "Rough 
 and Ready Bucket Company No. 1" in January, 
 
 1847, with Charles Harpel, Foreman. 
 
 The "Firemen's Benevolent Association" was 
 formed October, 1847, with S. F. Gale, President, 
 and incorporated by the Legislature June 21, 
 1852. 
 
 "Hope Hose Company No. 2" was organized 
 in March, 1848. The career of this Company 
 was a brilliant one, and it was known as the 
 "brag" Company, not only of Chicago but of 
 the West. The crack companies of Alton, 
 Springfield and other cities could never suc- 
 cessfully cope with the "Hope" boys. 
 
 The "Garden City Engine Company, No. 6" 
 was organized in August, 1849. In October, 
 1850, there was a "Fireman's Festival," an 
 occasion much prized by the boys who "ran 
 with the machine." Twenty-three Companies 
 were in line, representatives being present from 
 Buffalo, Detroit, Milwaukee, Racine and Ke- 
 nosha. A dinner was given at the "Tremont 
 House," and an attempt was made to engineer 
 a torch-light procession, but the wind pre- 
 vented its successful accomplishment. 
 
 "Lawrence Engine Company, No. 7," was 
 organized in September, 1850, and re-organized 
 in 1852 as the "Eagle." In December, 1851, 
 "Hose Company, No. 3," was formed (called at 
 first the "Lone Star," but afterwards the "Illi- 
 nois"). December 22, 1851, "Phoenix Engine 
 Company, No. 8," came into existence and was 
 re-christened the "Cataract." Its members 
 were mostly sailors, and during the season of 
 navigation It was of comparatively little value. 
 February, 1854, the "New Northern," subse- 
 quently known as "America, No. 9," was organ- 
 ized and In 1853, "Washington, No. 10." 
 
 An ordinance was passed July 23, 1855, divid- 
 ing the city Into six fire districts, two in each 
 Division. The alarm was to be given by eight 
 HtrokoR of the bell, and the number of the dis- 
 trict indicated by the additional strokes follow- 
 ing. The bell flrst used for that purpose was 
 that of the First Baptist church, which was 
 the mo«t resonant In the city; but In February, 
 
 1856, a large bell was hung in the new tower 
 of the Court House. A watchman was also 
 constantly on duty there to fling out his flags 
 by day, or lanterns by night, in order to direct 
 the firemen to the locality in which the flames 
 had been discovered. 
 
 The rivalry between all the Companies con- 
 stituting the Volunteer Department was intense 
 if not bitter. In July, 1852, the "Red Jackets" 
 went East. There was to be a grand tourna- 
 ment in Providence, and they were desirous of 
 winning the first prize. On reaching New York, 
 they learned that this tournament had been 
 postponed. For a week they remained in that 
 city the guests of the "Live Oaks." U. P. Har- 
 ris, who was Chief of the Chicago Department 
 at that time, was a member of the party, and 
 largely through his exertions a contest was 
 arranged between the visiting company and 
 some of the New York companies. The New 
 Yorkers regarded it as a piece of absurd pre- 
 sumption for an unknown Western organization 
 to attempt to compete with the "crack" com- 
 panies of the metropolis. The result, however, 
 showed how well founded was their confidence. 
 The contest ended in a complete triumph of the 
 "Red Jackets," who received the hearty con- 
 gratulations of their rivals. Horace Greeley, 
 editor of the "New York Tribune," under date 
 of July 5, 1852, said: 
 
 "The grand parade took place this morn- 
 ing and the spectacle was one truly magnif- 
 icent. The citizens of Chicago, of course, 
 furnished the most imposing part of it. 
 I never witnessed anything so superb as the 
 appearance of the fire companies with their 
 ornamented engines drawn by led horses, 
 tastefully caparisoned. Our New York fire- 
 men must try again; they have certainly 
 been outdone." ' 
 
 The first steam fire-engine ever seen in Chi- 
 cago was brought here from Cincinnati in 1855. 
 The engine was known as the "Joe Ross," and 
 on its first trial the engineer, through his own 
 carelessness, succeeded in bursting the boiler, 
 the result being his immediate death. The 
 second contest, however, proved entirely suc- 
 cessful. Subsequently a trial was arranged 
 between the steamer and the hand engines of 
 the Volunteer Department. Nos. 2, 8 and 10, 
 succeeded in beating the new arrival. The 
 steam-engine did not give satisfaction, and was 
 later sold to the city of St. Louis. 
 
HISTOEICAL EJ^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 737 
 
 It was the custom in those days for the mem- 
 bers of the department to meet in convention 
 to nominate candidates for the election to offi- 
 cial i>ositions in the Fire Department. Chief 
 Cyrus McBride called such a convention for 
 January 28, 1858, to be held in the South Side 
 Market Hall. Three candidates were in the field: 
 D. J. Swenie, Peter Casey and John Egan. The 
 session was a tumultuous one, and many of the 
 companies left the hall to meet in another con- 
 vention at the same place on the following day. 
 Mr. Egan received the nomination of the regu- 
 lar convention, but offered to effect a compro- 
 mise with the Swenie faction by resigning in 
 favor of U. P. Harris. This overture was not 
 accepted, and the next day Mr. Swenie was 
 nominated by the bolters with M. W. Powell 
 for First, and L. Walters, Second Assistant. 
 The other names upon the Egan ticket were 
 John Shark, for First and Jacob Held, for Sec- 
 ond Assistant. The Swenie ticket was elected. 
 
 On February 5, 1858, there was another test 
 of a steam fire-engine, known as the "Long 
 John," which occurred at the foot of La Salle 
 Street, and the machine met with the approval 
 of the experts and citizens generally. The 
 members of the Volunteer Department were 
 quick to recognize that this was a death-blow 
 to their system. 
 
 Mr. Swenie had been recognized as the ex- 
 ponent of the idea of a paid Fire Department, 
 and his election, at the time, engendered much 
 bad feeling. On July 6, 1858, Engine Com- 
 panies Nos. 4, 10 and 14, Hose Companies, Nos. 
 3 and 5, and Hook & Ladder, No. 3, met on 
 Clark Street and, by way of defiant protest, 
 marched down that thoroughfare headed by the 
 "Great Western Band," and, after traversing 
 the principal streets, assembled in the Court 
 House Square, where a large crowd had col- 
 lected. The Mayor was apprehensive of a riot 
 and sent two hundred policemen to the scene. 
 The arrest of the firemen for disorderly con- 
 duct was ordered and a precipitate fight fol- 
 lowed, the machine being abandoned. About 
 a dozen of the firemen were taken into custody, 
 but were subsequently ordered released by the 
 Mayor. The engines were taken to the Armory 
 and locked up, while arrangements were made 
 with special policemen to man them in case of 
 fire. The engine and hose house were guarded 
 by squads of police, as it was feared that a 
 demonstration might be made against the new 
 steamer. 
 
 No further trouble occurred, however, and the 
 Council, on March 22, 1858, ordered the dis- 
 bandment of the organization which had par- 
 ticipated in the procession. 
 
 On August 2, 1858, an ordinance was passed 
 organizing a paid fire department, which gave 
 the Chief and Assistant Engineers full charge, 
 with power to make all rules. The Board of 
 Control consisted of the Mayor, the Chairman 
 of the Council Committee on Fire and Water, 
 and the Chief Engineer and Water Commis- 
 sioner, who was to be chosen by themselves. 
 The rules, when adopted, were to have the 
 form of ordinances. Salaries were fixed as 
 follows: Captain, $200 per annum; Lieuten- 
 ants, $100 per annum; Engineers, $600 per an- 
 num; pipemen, drivers and stokers, $1.00 per 
 day, and all others $25 per month. Badges 
 were to be worn and no engines to be used 
 except such as belonged to the city. The 
 number of men who were to compose the sev- 
 eral companies was also regulated by the 
 ordinance. A full company was convened in 
 July, 1858, to operate the "Long John," which 
 was installed in quarters on La Salle near the 
 corner of Washington Street. The first mem- 
 bers of this Company were as follows: Joel 
 A. Kenney, Foreman; Alexander McMonagle, 
 John McLean, Thomas Barry, Thomas O'Brien. 
 William Mullen and James Quirk, Pipemen; 
 Joel A. Prescott, Engineer; Robert Elleridge, 
 Assistant-Engineer; Alvin C King and Dennis 
 O'Connell, Drivers, and John Farrel, Watch- 
 man. 
 
 Three more steamers were tried in September, 
 1858, on the lake shore at the foot of Washing- 
 ton Street. These were known as the "Atlan- 
 tic," "Enterprise" and "Island Queen." The 
 city already owned the first named, and the 
 two latter, proving satisfactory, were pur- 
 chased. In February, 1860, the "U. P. Harris" 
 and "Little Giant" were added to the list. The 
 Department also owned three hand-engines, 
 two hose-carts and hook and ladder trucks. 
 In 1859, U. P. Harris was again elected "Chief 
 Engineer," his assistants being Darius Knight 
 and James J. Langdon. Under the amended 
 charter of February 16, 1865, the Fire Depart- 
 ment was placed in the hands of a Board of 
 Police and Fire Commissioners. Under this 
 act, in October, 1865, the Council passed an 
 amended ordinance defining new fire limits and 
 adopting regulations for service. "The Fire 
 Commissioners" were A. C. Coventry, John S. 
 
738 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Newhouse, and John Wentworth. The under- 
 writers secured an amendment to the ordin- 
 ance, and, in 1867, William James was ap- 
 pointed a member of the Board, as a special 
 representative of the Insurance interest. In 
 1866 the department owned eleven steamers, 
 two hand engines, thirteen hose-carts and hook 
 and ladder trucks, and had 120 paid members, 
 126 volunteers and owned 53 horses. Within the 
 next five years the hand engines had disap- 
 peared. The number of steamers had increased 
 to seventeen. There were twenty-three hose- 
 carts, 194 paid members, and 91 horses. 
 
 The report of Fire-Marshal Musham to the 
 City Council of Chicago, December 31, 1903 — 
 seventy-one years after the first volunteer com- 
 pany was formed — shows wonderful growth. 
 The apparatus of the Department includes 5 
 fire-boats, 2 water-towers, 102 steam fire-en- 
 gines, 3 hand-engines, 23 chemical engines, 59 
 hose wagons, 30 hose carriages, 33 hook and 
 ladder trucks (all kinds), 8 chemical extin- 
 guishers, 112 portable pumps, 207,491 feet of 
 hose, 128 Siamese connections, 2, 3 and 4 ways; 
 30 one-horse wagons, 20 two-horse wagons, 127 
 fire cisterns, 19,922 fire hydrants, 1,847 miles of 
 water mains, and 478 horses in service. 
 
 Value of fire apparatus $1,022,872.00 
 
 Value of buildings 753,800.00 
 
 Value of land 381,410.00 
 
 Total value $2,158,082.00 
 
 There are 1,152 uniformed men in the present 
 force, including the Fire-Marshal and Chief of 
 Brigade, First Assistant Fire-Marshal and De- 
 partment Inspector, Second and Third Mar- 
 shal, Assistant Fire-Marshal and Department 
 Secretary, Fire Inspector, Chiefs of Battalions 
 Captains, Lieutenants, Engineers and Assistant 
 Engineers, Pipemen, Pilots, Stokers and 
 Watchmen, and seven not uniformed men in- 
 cluding Chief Clerk and clerks, stenographers, 
 superintendent of houses and hostlers. 
 
 In addition there are three volunteer com- 
 panies located at Riverdale, Hansen Park, Nor- 
 wood Park and Mt. Clair, numbering 63 men 
 who are furnished supplies and apparatus, and 
 make reports to the department. 
 
 The expenses of the department for 1903 were 
 11.099,162.37. as against $336,700.66 in 1870. 
 
 I'lniU'iM Si i!vi( I..— Owing to a large fire 
 occurring in thf lumber district on the South 
 
 branch of the Chicago River on May 8, 1885, 
 resulting in an estimated loss of $421,000, the 
 lumber merchants earnestly demanded better 
 protection, and it was largely due to this fact 
 that, about Sept. 1, 1885, the first river fire- 
 boat was placed in service. This was chartered 
 by the members of this line of trade, and was 
 known as the iron tug, "Alpha" — they furnish- 
 ing the fuel, while the city paid the salaries of 
 the men employed upon her. Although poorly 
 adapted to the purpose for which she was de- 
 signed, the valuable service rendered by this 
 boat at another large fire in the same district 
 on Sept. 25, 1885, demonstrated the great value 
 of such an addition to the Department's equip- 
 ment. In January, 1886, the Council passed an 
 order authorizing the construction of a fire- 
 boat, and officials of the department visited 
 New York, Brooklyn and Boston, with a view 
 to examining this description of fire service in 
 those cities. Upon their return steps were 
 taken for the construction of the proposed 
 craft, which was launched on July 26, 1886, 
 christened by the appropriate name of the 
 "Geyser," and placed in commission Nov. 29, 
 1886. The total cost of the boat was $39,000, 
 which has proved to be a judicious investment. 
 
 The "Alpha" having been found unsatisfac- 
 tory for fire-service, on Dec. 6, 1886, the Coun- 
 cil authorized the purchase of the powerful tug 
 "W. H. Alley" to take its place. The pumps 
 were transferred from the "Alpha" and on 
 Dec. 31, 1886, the "Alley" was put in commis- 
 sion. In the latter part of 1887 she was over- 
 hauled and the old pumps replaced by two new, 
 and more powerful ones, and her name changed 
 to the "Chicago." 
 
 There is now lying at the dock at the foot 
 of La Salle Street another evidence of the re- 
 markable strides that have been made by Chi- 
 cago in public improvements. Instead of the 
 little tug "Alpha," we find the magnificent fire- 
 boat "Illinois," which is the most powerful 
 and complete of its kind in the world, and was 
 placed in commission Jan. 14, 1899, at a cost of 
 $125,000. 
 
 The "Illinois" has a capacity of 287 gross 
 tons, which is 44 tons greater than that of the 
 fire-boat "New Yorker," which was the largest 
 in the world. The length of the boat is 118 
 feet with a 26-foot beam. The hull is built of 
 steel plates five-eighths of an inch thick, with 
 three plates forward and three plates aft, mak- 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 739 
 
 ing a thickness of nearly two inches, and hav- 
 ing 12 water tight compartments with a draft 
 of eleven feet. There are two 800-horsepower 
 boilers, with two injectors for putting the water 
 in the boilers, and two pumps (10x12x5%) for 
 the boilers. One hundred and forty pounds of 
 steam is carried. There is one 1,000-horse- 
 power steam propelling engine, and a trimming 
 tank for fresh water for the boilers, with a 
 capacity of 16,128 gallons or 60 tons. The 
 steering gear furnished by the Globe Iron 
 Works, was shown at the World's Fair, and is 
 the only one of the kind in the world being 
 propelled by steam and interchangeable to hand- 
 gear, also having a steam fire-whistle. The 
 water is delivered naturally to the base of the 
 pump, and discharged through an 18-inch pipe, 
 which envelopes the entire boat. The smoke- 
 stack is also lowered by steam power. 
 
 It has three sets of fire pumps (size 17x11x10), 
 the same as steam fire engines, which deliver 
 the water through fourteen foot three and one- 
 half inch ports, which can be divided 
 so as to give twenty-eight streams of 
 the size used by steam fire-engines, and a 
 capacity of 14,000 gallons per minute, with 5,000 
 feet of 3%-inch hose, besides a supply of regu- 
 lar size fire-engine hose, and nozzles from 4% 
 to 5% inches. The two stand-pipes can be 
 made to revolve and change to any direction 
 required, and will deliver 10,200 gallons of 
 water per minute. A 10-horsepower dynamo 
 furnishes 100 incandescent electric lights, and 
 the bath-room is fitted up in the most modern 
 style. 
 
 The "Illinois" is also the fastest running 
 fire-boat ever made, capable of making eight- 
 een miles per hour without straining her, and 
 giving another proof of the old adage, that 
 "whatever belongs to Chicago and her institu- 
 tions can't be beat." 
 
 The Iroquois Theater Fire. — Not since the 
 conflagration of 1871 has Chicago witnessed 
 such an appalling loss of life as occurred at 
 the destruction of the Iroquois Theater, on the 
 afternoon of December 30, 1903. The theater 
 was filled with a holiday crowd, consisting prin- 
 cipally of women and children, the play being 
 a spectacular performance called "Mr. Blue- 
 beard." The fire is supposed to have originated 
 from an arc-lamp (called a "flood light") on 
 the stage, which ignited the flimsy scenery 
 during the second act. The ventilators in the 
 roof above the stage were closed, and, when 
 
 the doors upon the stage were opened by mem- 
 bers of the company in their efforts to escape, 
 the flames, heat, smoke and generated gases 
 were forced out into the audience room. Num- 
 bers perished instantly by suffocation, many 
 being found still in their seats. Others, hin- 
 dered in their egress by the confusion resulting 
 from the panic, were burned, suffocated, or 
 trampled to death. 
 
 The Fire Department was upon the scene 
 within two minutes after the receipt of the 
 alarm, but in that short time most of the lives 
 had been sacrificed. The total fatality record 
 was 582. Within thirty minutes from its incep- 
 tion the fire was extinguished. The damage 
 to the building was comparatively slight, 
 amounting to about $50,000 on furnishings and 
 refinishing. One hundred and four persons 
 were rescued by members of the Department. 
 
 FIRE-ALARM SERVICE. 
 
 In the early days of Chicago, as the majority 
 of the inhabitants had good lungs, the alarm for 
 a fire was given by a shout from the one who 
 discovered it. Later the bell on the church, 
 situated between Dearborn and Clark Streets 
 on Washington Streets, was rung in case of 
 fire. In 1850 a bell was placed in the dome of 
 the Court House, another in the tower at 
 Twelfth and State Streets, with others at Blue 
 Island Avenue and Harrison Street, Milwaukee 
 Avenue near Chicago Avenue, Dearborn Street 
 near Chicago Avenue, and on the North Market 
 Building. When a fire occurred the nearest 
 bell was struck eight times continuously, and 
 then the number of times for the district. 
 There were six districts; two each on the 
 South, North and West Sides, jine first district 
 was located east of Clark Street. 
 
 In the daytime the watchman in the Court 
 House Tower would wave the flag in the di- 
 rection of the fire and, at night, hoist red lamps 
 for the number of the district; but not until 
 1858 did the authorities wake up to the idea 
 that Boston was ahead of us in regard to a 
 fire-alarm telegraph, by adopting the invention 
 of Dr. Channing of that city, who was repre- 
 sented here by J. N. Gamewell (assignee of the 
 Channing patent), and who first exhibited that 
 system for the use of the Fire Department in 
 the Council Chamber, which was thrown open 
 to the public during certain hours of the day. 
 D. J. Swenie was at the time Chief of the Fire 
 Department, and he urged the immediate adop- 
 
74° 
 
 HISTORICAL EN"CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 tion of the system. Owing to timidity on the 
 part of the tax-payers, however, no definite 
 action was taken until May 18, 1863. Mean- 
 time the Civil War had broken out, and Mr. 
 Gamewell (who was a native of South Caro- 
 lina, and in Charleston constructing a fire- 
 alarm system for that city when Fort Sumter 
 was fired upon) elected to cast his fortunes with 
 his native State. Former employes of his — 
 notably John F. Kennard and William H. Men- 
 dell, of Boston — in order to preserve the Chan- 
 ning patents in their entirety, bought them at 
 a confiscation sale in Washington before the 
 close of the first year of the war, and organized 
 the firm of J. F. Kennard & Co., and proceeded 
 to exploit the fire-alarm service wherever they 
 could induce cities to adopt it. 
 
 In 1863, as above mentioned, the Common 
 Council of Chicago passed a resolution looking 
 toward ascertaining the cost of constructing 
 such a telegraph. In 1864 a contract for its con- 
 struction was awarded to W. H. Mendell, of 
 the firm of John F. Kennard & Co., Mr. Men- 
 dell having been interested in the construction 
 of the system in other cities. The contract 
 price was $70,000, and the system embraced the 
 following apparatus: 125 miles of wire, 106 
 boxes; 14 engine-house gongs; 6 electric tower 
 bell strikers; 6 instruments for police pur- 
 poses, and the necessary otB.ee fixtures. On 
 June 2. 1865, the system was formally turned 
 over to the city and pronounced to be in per- 
 fect working order. The first test proved to 
 be entirely satisfactory, and the bells were 
 superseded by this invention, excepting the 
 Court House bell, which remained until the fire 
 of October 8, 1871. 
 
 Since the Introduction of the system, many 
 improvements have been made in the appara- 
 tus. The central office was originally located 
 In the dome of the old Court House, from which 
 radiated a network of wires to the tops of the 
 buildings which surrounded the Public Square. 
 The opprating officers consisted of E. B. Chan- 
 dler, Superintendent; John P. Barrett and Will- 
 lam J. KIrkman, operators; and Alfred Ranous, 
 repairer. Mr. Chandler continued to be Super- 
 intendent for eleven years, when he resigned 
 the office to accept the General Western Agency 
 
 of the Gamewell Fire-Alarm Telegraph Com- 
 pany, in the spring of 1876, and was succeeded 
 as Superintendent by John P. Barrett, on the 
 1st day of May, 1876. The system sufllered 
 severely in the great fire of October, 1871, but 
 the telegraph corps, under the direction of 
 Superintendent Chandler, worker with such 
 energy that, on the evening of October 11, 1871, 
 with instruments secured wherever possible and 
 altered to suit their needs, the Western Division 
 lines, embracing nearly one-half of the entire 
 system, were ready for service and, by the 
 end of the week, connection was completed with 
 as much of the system in the South Division 
 as had escaped the flames. In 1872 a four-wire- 
 Ke-rite cable was laid, fifty feet under the 
 South Branch of the Chicago River, at Archer 
 Avenue, through the brick tunnel which con- 
 tains the water-main, and a six-wire Ke-rite 
 cable was laid in the water-pipe tunnel under 
 the Ogden slip at Division Street. In connec- 
 tion with the Telegraph Company a cable was 
 laid under the North Branch, at Clybourn 
 Place, two wires of which belonged to the fire- 
 alarm system. In 1873 a four-wire Ke-rite 
 cable was laid from the water-works crib in 
 the lake, through the new tunnel before the 
 water was admitted (a distance of three miles), 
 while other additions and improvements were 
 made in the fire-alarm system. In October, 
 1877, John P. Barrett laid the first Ke-rite cable 
 along Cass Street between Superior and Erie 
 Streets. This was the first undergroimd cable 
 that was not laid in the water-pipe tunnels or 
 through water-mains. 
 
 In 1885 and 1886 the telegraph system was 
 materially improved by the erection of new 
 aerial lines, the laying of underground wires 
 and the placing of new fire-alarm boxes. 
 
 The Superintendents of the Fire-Alarm Tel- 
 egraph have been: Edward B. Chandler, 1865- 
 76; John P. Barrett, 1876-97; and then Edward 
 B. Ellicott, who still remains in charge of the 
 Department. The signal, or alarm system (by 
 telegraph or telephone), has been improved 
 year by year, until it has reached a degree of 
 efficiency unsurpassed by that of any other 
 American city. 
 
CHICACO THOROUGHFARES. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 741 
 
 the great city itself, from the humblest be- 
 
 CHAPTBiR XXVIII. ginnings. 
 
 The father of the plan of gradually placing 
 
 the lighting of Chicago in the hands of the city 
 
 MUNICIPAL LIGHTING. itself, was the late ex-Mayor John A. Roche. 
 
 The practicability of Mayor Roche's scheme so 
 
 soon became manifest that it was shown that 
 
 FIRST ATTEMPT AT iLLUMiNATiOxx AT OLD FORT ^' ^"'^^'^ ^^ ^^^ ^ questiou of a few years when 
 
 DEARBORN— PROGRESS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS ^^^ """^ ^""''^ become the producer and con- 
 
 — FROM THE PINE-KNOT TO THE ELECTRIC LIGHT *''°"^'" °^ ^^^ '^^ lighting facilities. From the 
 
 SYSTEM— ELECTRIC LIGHTING INTRODUCED IN ^^^^ ^^^^' ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ fire-alarm telegraph 
 
 1887— HISTORY AND EQUIPMENT OF CENTR4.L ^P^^^^^us was installed in Chicago, until the 
 
 STATIONS— AGGREGATE COST OF THE ENTIRE ™°°*^ ^^ January, 1898, everything electrical 
 
 MUNICIPAL LIGHTING SYSTEM— POLICE AND FIRE ^^ Chicago Under municipal control was in 
 
 ALARM TELEGRAPH SERVICE. Charge of the Superintendent of the Fire-Alarm 
 
 Telegraph, owing to the growth of the electric 
 
 In the year 1805, Captain Whistler command- ^^""^^^ lighting plants, and the fire and police 
 
 ing the troops at the first Fort Dearborn or- telegraph lines were so wide-spread it became 
 
 dered a beacon made from a pine-knot to be ^^^^^^^ary to form a new branch of the City's 
 
 lighted nightly near the main entrance of the ^®^^^^' ^^^"^^ ^^^ ^^^o^ ^ the "Department 
 
 fort to guide aright the steps of returning hunt- °^ Electricity." 
 
 ers. This was the first attempt at illumina- Edward B. Ellicott was appointed City Elec- 
 tion for public benefit within the present limits *"'''^'' '^'''^ ^' ^^^^- '^^® Department consists 
 of the city of Chicago. In less than one of the Bureau of Municipal Lighting, Fire-Alarm 
 hundred years, Chicago, with its multitude of Telegraph, Police Telephone and Signal, Elec- 
 brilliant electric lamps, and its far-reaching ^''^^^^ Inspection, Gas-Lighting and Repairs, 
 lines of gas-jets, now possesses the most elab- ^^^ ^"^ possesses, today, three electrical pow- 
 orate system of street illumination -under ^^'^loiises located respectively, at Wentworth 
 municipal control in the whole world When ^"^^^^^ ^nd Sixty-third Street, at Lincoln and 
 Captain Whistler wished to communicate with ^'""^ ^^^^^*^' ^""^ ^^ Halsted Street and Blue 
 the settlers who had built their cabins at ^^^^°*^ Avenue, which are equipped in every 
 "Hardscrabble," situated near the present Particular with the most modem appliances, 
 thoroughfare of Archer Avenue, he dispatched ^^""^"^ ^ ^^^^^ capacity of 5,850 street arc- 
 a soldier courier who made his difiicult trip ^^™P^ °^ 2.000 candle power each, and 5,400 
 over slough, bog and prairie, and thought him- horsepower engines installed. There were in 
 self lucky if he could return an answer to his "^® December 31, 1899, 3,502 arc-lamps and, on 
 chief within the space of twelve hours. To- December 31, 1900, 5,675 arc-lamps, 850 incan- 
 day, the policeman who stands guard at Rush descent, 25,044 gas-burners and 4,478 gasoline 
 Street bridge (adjoining the site of old Fort lamps. 
 
 Dearborn) steps into the barge office, makes a ^te following table shows the cost per mile 
 
 wire connection and, within the space of thirty '°^ lighting the streets during 1899, and a com- 
 
 seconds, has delivered a message to, and re- Pa"son of the different illuminants used is also 
 
 ceived an answer from the Harbormaster on Si^^n. When electric lights are used the 
 
 duty far up the south branch of the river, near streets are much better lighted than those on 
 
 the place where the Hardscrabble settlers ^^^ich other illuminants are used; but, without 
 
 lighted their first camp-fire. Chicago not only t^^ing the question of light into consideration, 
 
 possesses the most elaborate street illumination the comparison is favorable to electric lighting. 
 
 , ... . , . .V, ^A ^ t. ^ In 1899. In 1900 
 under municipal control m the world, but also 
 
 has a more complete telephone and telegraph Miles of streets lighted by gas 713 725 
 
 system, under its own management, than is Miles of streets lighted by gasoline. .327 340 
 
 possessed by any city at home or abroad. The Miles of streets lighted by electric 
 
 lighting, fire-alarm, police telegraph and tele- light 
 
 phone facilities of Chicago have grown like Total miles lighted 1,310 
 
742 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Cost of gas lighting per mile ($20 per 
 lamp) $784.60 
 
 Cost of electric lighting per mile 567.45 
 
 Cost of gasoline lighting pdr mile (27.60 
 with mantel) 442.48 
 
 Average cost per mile of street lighting. . 654.48 
 
 HISTORY OF MUNICIPAL STREET LIGHT- 
 ING BY ELECTRICITY. 
 (1887-1901). 
 
 The first power house was located in the 
 basement of Chemical Engine House No. 1, cor- 
 ner of Washington and Clinton Streets. The 
 first machinery consisted of four low-tension 
 30-light Western electric dynamos, and one 
 each 150 horsepower Buckeye engine, and 150 
 horsepower Porter boiler. (The engine and 
 boiler are now in service at the Fourteenth 
 Street Lighting Station). The first one hun- 
 dred lights were placed on both sides of the 
 Chicago River from Rush to Twelfth Streets, 
 and were started December 25, 1887, and the 
 plant remained in that location for one year 
 until removed December 31, 1888, to Truck 
 House No. 2 on Jefferson near West Van Buren 
 Street, which was made a powerhouse and the 
 capacity increased to 300 lights. After one year 
 the plant was removed to Throop Street, be- 
 tween Congress and West Van Buren, and the 
 capacity ha\ing been increased to 1,000 lights, 
 it was started March 17, 1889. This plant was 
 run for about six years, until the Metropolitan 
 Elevated Railroad Company bought the real 
 estate for use of that company. The Rice and 
 Lincoln Streets plant was started April, 1889, 
 and the Chicago Avenue and Sedgwick Street 
 plant February 22, 1889. The Fourteenth Street 
 Station was started December 25, 1890, and the 
 machinery from Jefferson Street having been 
 moved to the Fourteenth Street Station, is still 
 In service there. 
 
 Rice and LiiNCOlx Streets Station. — The 
 plant at this station began running April, 1889. 
 The building is 100 feet long, 95 feet wide, 28 
 feet clear of the tr\isses in the engine room and 
 18 feet dear of the trusses in the boiler room. It 
 1b built of brick with iron trusses, a slate roof 
 on the engine-room and an iron roof on the 
 boiler-room, with cement floors in both rooms, 
 making It practically fire-proof. The engine 
 room iR 80 feet long, by 50 feet wide, and the 
 boiler room 93 feet long by 40 feet wide. In 
 addition to these there are coal storage and 
 Bupply rooms located In the rear of the building. 
 
 In the engine room there are Installeu two 700- 
 horsepower Elmes marine type of engines, di- 
 rectly connected to each end of the line shaft. 
 These engines are vertical, cross-compound, 
 condensing, and economical results have been 
 obtained from their use. The shaft between 
 the engines is mounted in ball socket, self- 
 aligning bearings, and equipped with the nec- 
 essary friction clutches to cut out each engine, 
 if so desired. There are 72xl8-inch solid hub 
 wood rim pulleys, mounted on the shaft for 
 driving the dynamos. 
 
 The electric equipment consists of: 
 
 9 150-light Western Electric dynamos. 
 
 5 100-light Brush dynamos. 
 
 1 marble switchboard. 
 
 The dynamos are all of modern type, in excel- 
 lent condition, and operate 1,850 arc-lights. 
 
 Tbe boiler room is provided with two Ault- 
 man-Taylor water-tube boilers, each having a 
 capacity of 500-horse power and four return- 
 tubular boilers equipped with Roney stokers, 
 each boiler having a capacity of 100-horse 
 power. To these boilers are attached two feed- 
 water pumps, each having a sufficient capacity 
 to supply all the boilers. The boilers are con- 
 nected to a brick stack 175 feet high and 96 
 inches in diameter. Each engine is equipped 
 with a 1,000-horse-power syphon condenser, and 
 to these condensers is connected a pump of 
 sufficient capacity for the purpose of supply- 
 ing them with water in the event of the city 
 pressure being too low. 
 
 The steam piping is all new, of double 
 strength and properly covered with a first-class 
 quality of steam-pipe covering. The station is 
 thoroughly equipped with a gravity oiling sys- 
 tem and provided with oil filterers, by which 
 means the oil is used several times. 
 
 Halstei) Street Station. — This station com- 
 menced operating October 9, 1894. The build- 
 ing is 208 feet long, by 50 feet wide, 25 feet 
 clear of trusses in both engine and boiler rooms. 
 It is built of brick, with iron trusses, a tile-roof 
 and cement floor, making it as nearly flre-proof 
 as a building can be. It is divided into two 
 rooms; the engine room, 142 feet long, by 46 
 feet 6 inches wide, and the boiler room 39 feet 
 long, by 46 feet 6 inches wide. In addition to 
 the above there is a supply room located in the 
 rear of the building. 
 
 In the engine-room there are installed two 
 OOO-horse-power Corliss type of engines, belted 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 743 
 
 to a line shaft, and one Elmes marine type of 
 engine of 800-horse-power, directly connected 
 to the line shaft. These engines are all ver- 
 tical, cross-compound, condensing, and econom- 
 ical in operation. A counter-shaft extends the 
 full length of the engine room and is mounted 
 in ball and socket with self-aligning bearings, 
 equipped with friction clutches to cut out each 
 engine, and to divide the shaft into two equal 
 parts if so desired. There are 18 pulleys 
 mounted on the shaft for driving the dynamos. 
 The electrical equipment consists of: 
 
 4 100-light Western Electric dynamos. 
 
 2 100-light Brush Electric dynamos. 
 10 150-light Western Electric dynamos. 
 
 1 Marble switchboard. 
 
 1 50-light 110-volt T. H. dynamo (incandes- 
 cent) . 
 
 1 alternating Westinghonse 800-light incan- 
 descent (for use at City Hall, saving to the 
 City between $200 and $300 per month). 
 
 The arc-dynamos are of the latest and best 
 type made and in excellent condition, with a 
 capacity of 2,100 arc-lights. 
 
 The boiler room is provided with two Heine 
 water-tube boilers, one Aultman-Taylor water- 
 tube boiler, and one Garry boiler, each 500- 
 horse power capacity. To these boilers are 
 connected two feed-water pumps, each of suffi- 
 cient capacity to supply all the boilers. Each 
 engine is equipped with a syphon condenser of 
 1,000-horse-power capacity. To these conden- 
 sers there' is connected a pump for the purpose 
 of supplying water in case there is a lack of 
 pressure from the city mains. The feed-water 
 heater receives the exhaust steam from all the 
 pumps, and the feed-water for the boilers is 
 passed through the heater for the purpose of 
 increasing the temperature of the water before 
 it reaches the boilers. The steam piping 
 throughout the plant is in excellent condition, 
 having been refitted during the past year, and, 
 wherever necessary, new double strength pipe 
 has been put in. It is covered throughout with a 
 first-class quality of steam pipe covering. The 
 station is thoroughly equipped with a gravity 
 oil-system and provided with oil filterers by 
 which means the oil is used several times. 
 
 Robert A. Waixace Station, Sixty- 
 fourth Street and Wentworth Avenue, com- 
 menced running April 6, 1900, The building is 
 178 feet long, by 44 feet wide, 20 feet clear of 
 trusses in the engine room and 23 feet clear 
 of trusses in the boiler room. It is built of 
 
 brick with iron trusses, tile-roof, cement floor, 
 and is thoroughly fire-proof in every way. 
 
 The engine room is 100 feet long, by 42 feet 
 wide. In the engine room there is installed one 
 800-horse power Elmes marine type of engine, 
 directly connected with the line shaft, and 
 provision has been made for two additional 
 engines of the same capacity. The engine in- 
 stalled is vertical, cross-compound, condens- 
 ing, of the same general type as installed at 
 Rice and Lincoln Streets. The counter-shaft is 
 mounted in ball sockets, with self-aligning 
 bearings, and equipped with friction clutch 
 where it is connected to the engine. There 
 are four pulleys mounted on this shaft for driv- 
 ing the dynamos. There is also one Westing- 
 house 800-horse power engine, which went into 
 service March 1, 1901. 
 
 The electrical equipment consists of nine 160- 
 light Brush General Electric Dynamos. 
 
 Five of the above dynamos are run on a 
 continuous shaft, so that each dynamo can be 
 disconnected one from the other if desired. 
 The dynamos are of the latest and best type 
 made, and are in excellent condition. There 
 is also one marble switch-board. 
 
 At the present time the boiler room is pro- 
 vided with one Heine water-tube boiler of 500- 
 horse power capacity, which is connected to a 
 brick stack 175 feet high and 96 inches in diam- 
 eter. The boiler is equipped with a McKen- 
 zie mechanical stoker and smoke consuming de- 
 vice. In addition to the above there are in 
 use two 500-horse power Garry boilers, and 
 feed-water pumps of sufficient capacity for sup- 
 plying four boilers of 500-horse power each are 
 installed. Each engine is equipped with a 1,000- 
 horse power syphon condenser (Baragwanath). 
 The steam piping is all new, of double strength 
 and covered with a first-class quality of steam- 
 pipe covering. It is intended to operate at 
 least 2,000 lights from this station; 1,200 lights 
 are now in use. 
 
 COST OF OPERATING ARC LIGHTS (1899). 
 
 The following statement gives the different 
 items of expense involved in the operation of 
 the municipal lighting plants, three of which 
 were operated during the year. A stipulated 
 sum is appropriated each year for operating 
 the plants, and as no amount is set aside for 
 replacing worn-out machinery (commonly 
 known as "depreciation"), it has been neces- 
 sary during the year to charge to operating 
 
744 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 expenses sucli amounts as were necessarily sition to Carter H. Harrison, Senior, and to 
 
 paid out for renewing any part of tlie plants. Austin J. Doyle, Secretary of the Police Depart- 
 
 These amounts aggregate $10,800.41, and the ment, to place, at his own expense, the Police 
 
 actual cash cost of furnishing the lights is rep- Telegraph and Telephone Service in the worst 
 
 resented by deducting that amount from the district in the city, viz.: Twelfth Street — and 
 
 total amount expended. This deduction is if, after three months' service, the system was 
 
 made for the purpose of showing that the ordi- not entirely satisfactory, he agreed to remove it 
 
 nary depreciation of the plants is taken care at his personal expense. After ten days' serv- 
 
 of in the annual expenses of maintaining the ice it was accepted by Mayor Harrison and paid 
 
 lights, and an examination of the plants will for by the city, adopted and generally extended 
 
 show that the application of a further and throughout the city. 
 
 theoretical per cent, for depreciation is not The inauguration of Police Telegraph and 
 
 necessary or warranted in order to obtain the Telephone Service occurred under the first 
 
 true cost to the city. mayoralty of Carter H. Harrison, Senior. The 
 
 A substantial reduction in the cost per light electrical apparatus is placed in a box attached 
 from that shown in 1898 has been obtained, not- to a solid iron booth which also serves as a 
 withstanding the increase in wages, coal, car- lamp-post. On opening one side of these boxes, 
 bons — and, in fact, almost every kind of mate- one is confronted with approved appliances for 
 rial used in maintaining an electrical lighting signaling alarms of every description; by sim- 
 system. The decrease in cost is due entirely to ply operating a lever and pressing upon a but- 
 the more economical operating conditions that ton, the citizen or oflBcer may notify the near- 
 are produced by the extensions of the system. est station of the breaking out of the fire. Each 
 The most economical conditions will exist when box also contains a telephone by means of 
 each of the plants has been increased to about which any patrolman may at once communicate 
 2,000 lights — the cost per light for each year verbally with his immediate superior. In 1887 
 should then be about $45. there were but 473 of these boxes placed at 
 
 If the present plants are increased to this the most prominent street corners throughout 
 
 capacity, the yearly cost per light will decrease the city. By 1891 the number had increased to 
 
 until the 2,000 lights are operated from each 675, connected with which was 601 miles of 
 
 plant. From that time on the cost will vary aerial, and 40 miles of underground wire, and 
 
 with the cost of labor and materials used — the total value of the plant was $81,883.50. 
 
 assuming, of course, that the plants are oper- For the year 1903 there were 1,335 miles of 
 
 ated practically, with reasonable economy and aerial and 2,607 miles of underground wire, 
 
 with business judgment. operating 1,022 police patrol boxes, and 1,437 
 
 COST OF LIGHTING FOR 1903. ^^^ alarm boxes. 
 
 The total cost of municipal lighting for the 
 
 year 1903 — according to the latest report now CHAPTER XXIX. 
 accessible — was as follows: 
 
 Municipal Electric Lights $262,088.38 
 
 Gas Lamps 420,728.52 CHICAGO WATER SERVICE. 
 
 Gasoline Lamps 159,844.30 
 
 Rented Electric Lights 63,871.85 early conditions as to the Chicago wateb 
 
 Gas oflBce Expenses 9,679.82 supply — public well dug in 1834 — fikst 
 
 ™, . I $916 212 87 PUMPING station and keservoir constructed 
 
 The average 'number' 'of " electri'c lamps oper- ^^^ 1840-new water works set in operation 
 
 ated during the year was 4,827, and the total ^^ 1854-TnE system adopted and the first 
 
 number in operation at the close of the year two-mile tunnel completed in 1867-other 
 
 5.007. The total amount expended for the con- tunnels constructed-present condition 
 
 Btrucllon and operation of electric lights during "^ "'"= ""^^"« ^'^^^ «^«™^- 
 
 the year was $319.4;ifi.35. Previous to 1834 the inhabitants of the Town 
 
 POLICE AND FIRK-ALARM TELEGRAPH of Chicago were dependent for that essential 
 
 SERVICE. element of human existence, "water," upon the 
 
 In 1882 Supt^rlntcndcnt Barrett made a propo- water peddler, who sold it by the gallon, bucket 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 745 
 
 or barrel, from house to house, having brought 
 it from Lake Michigan in a water cart. 
 
 In 1834 a public well was dug by order of the 
 Board of Trustees at a point in Kinzie's addi- 
 tion, which is now at the intersection of Cass 
 and Michigan Streets. The movement for a 
 better water service was made in 1836, when 
 the State Legislature granted a charter to the 
 Chicago Hydraulic Company, for the purpose 
 of establishing the first pumping works com- 
 mensurate with the needs of the people; but 
 the company was unable to organize until 
 1840, when it began the construction of a reser- 
 voir, at the corner of Lake Street and Michigan 
 Avenue. The reservoir was twenty-five feet 
 square, was elevated about eighty feet above 
 the ground, and was supplied by an 18-inch iron 
 intake pipe laid on a crib-work pier extending 
 from a crib in Lake Michigan 700 feet to a 
 pump-well 15 feet deep, from which the water 
 was forced by a 25-horse power engine and 
 pumped through "bored logs." By this means a 
 few of the citizens of the South Side were sup- 
 plied with water. The capacity of this "ex- 
 tensive and wonderful" plant was twenty-five 
 barrels per minute, which was forced through 
 about two miles of 2, 3, and 6-inch pipe to the 
 reservoir. The total outlay of the company up 
 to 1842, when the works were so far complete 
 as to be used, was $24,000. Water rates ranged 
 from $10.00 per annum for a family of five per- 
 sons, to $500 for large manufacturing establish- 
 ments. In 1842 James Long contracted with the 
 Hydraulic Company to do all of the pumping 
 for the city of Chicago for ten years, without 
 any cost to the company, in consideration of his 
 having the free use of the surplus power of the 
 25-horse power engine; but long before the con- 
 tract expired the engine proved too small to do 
 the work. The works first established had 
 never given the people satisfactory results, the 
 water as a rule being neither pure nor suf- 
 ficiently abundant in supply. The population of 
 Chicago at that time was about 4,500. 
 
 In 1851 when the population had increased to 
 35,000, the city obtained a charter, and the Leg- 
 islature passed an act incorporating the "Chi- 
 cago City Hydraulic Company," composed of 
 John B. Turner, Horatio G. Loomis and Alson 
 S. Sherman; a Board of Water Commissioners 
 were appointed and this company purchased 
 the rights of the old private company. W. J. 
 McAlpine, a civil engineer, was the designer of 
 the new works, which were built in 1852-54, and 
 
 were put in operation during the latter year, 
 the population then being 70,000. The build- 
 ings and tower were completed in 1853, a tim- 
 ber crib was built 600 feet from the shore, 
 the water was led from the lake to a pump- 
 well 20x30 feet and 25 feet deep, and thence 
 pumped to the top of the tower, 136 feet high, 
 by a vertical beam engine having a steam- 
 cylinder 44x108 inches, and two single acting 
 pump cylinders 36x66 inches. There were also 
 about eight and three-quarter miles of iron pipe 
 and a reservoir of 500,000 gallons capacity. 
 Water was first furnished from the new works 
 February 12, 1854, up to which date they had 
 cost $393,045. In 1856 the first pipe across the 
 river was laid. In 1854 and 1856 three iron 
 storage tanks, on masonry towers, were built, 
 being 60 feet in diameter by 28 feet high, with 
 the bottom eight feet above the level of the 
 lake. The intake was at first from the open 
 water of the lake shore but, in 1855, a curved 
 breakwater was built and an inlet basin dredged 
 v.'ithin it. By May 1, 1857, the cost of the works 
 had increased to $738,436, at which time 7,053 
 buildings were being supplied with water. 
 
 Before 1860 the water began to give trouble 
 from its foul condition, owing to the discharge 
 into it of filth and refuse from the distilleries, 
 packing-houses, and from the fish nuisance, 
 Vi'hich had increased to an intolerable degree. 
 The question how to secure an adequate supply 
 of pure water became a pressing one. The plan 
 proposed by E. S. Chesbrough, City Engineer, 
 was adopted in 1863. It involved the tapping 
 of the lake at a distance of two miles from the 
 shore by means of an intake tunnel extending 
 out to clear water, and constructed underneath 
 the lake bottom. The work of excavation from 
 the shore shaft, at the east end of Chicago 
 Avenue, was begun March 17, 1864. The tun- 
 nel is five feet in width and five feet two 
 inches in height, and is lined with brick 
 raasonry eight inches thick. The great crib fo 
 hold the water was launched and sunk at the 
 east end of the tunnel July 25, 1865. It is forty 
 feet high and built of timbers strongly framed 
 in pentagonal form, 98% feet in diameter with 
 openings at the bottom for the admission of 
 water. Inside the wall is constructed an iron 
 cylinder, nine feet in diameter, running from 
 the water-line to the tunnel, 64 feet below 
 the surface, and 31 feet below the bed of the 
 lake at that point. A house was erected over 
 the crib for the use of the employes. The lay- 
 
746 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ing of brick began at the crib end Dec. 22, 1865, 
 and the entire worli was complete, and water 
 let into the tunnel, to flow through the water- 
 pipes and hydrants of the city, March 25, 1867. 
 The entire cost of the tunnel was $457,845, and 
 the total water debt in 1868 was $2,483,000. Up 
 to 1870 the tunnel supplied the city with 20,000,- 
 000 gallons of water daily. The total amount of 
 water-pipe laid in 1860 was 91 miles. At the 
 close of 1869 it was 239 miles. The cost of 
 maintaining the water system in 1862 was 
 $42,635, and from that year the amount in- 
 creased yearly until, in 1870, it rose to the enor- 
 mous sum of $2,836,852, and the cost of the 
 system, including that year, reached an aggre- 
 gate of $8,288,624; the total amount received 
 during that period was $3,175,479. This mode 
 of supplying the city proved a great success; 
 but enormous as was the capacity of the works, 
 such was the extension of Chicago in every 
 direction, that it was found necessary to make 
 still more extensive improvements of the same 
 kind. 
 
 The second tunnel was completed in July, 
 
 1874, and put in active service in February, 
 
 1875. The intake shaft was sunk in the lake 
 near the existing intake crib, and a cross tun- 
 nel was driven from this shaft to the line 
 of the new tunnel. In sinking this shaft great 
 difficulty was experienced in consequence of 
 water passing from the old tunnel to the new 
 work, and it was found necessary to introduce 
 the pneumatic system. This, however, created 
 a new difficulty in consequence of the air escap- 
 ing up along the outside of the cylinder to the 
 lake; but, like everything that Chicago under- 
 takes, the troubles were overcome and the water 
 turned in again after seventeen days, during 
 which time the city supply had been taken 
 from the old inlet basin. The capacity of the 
 two tunnels was 150,000,000 gallons, while the 
 pumping engines had a capacity of 130,000,000; 
 but in 1885, another pair of engines was added, 
 bringing the capacity up to that of the tunnels. 
 
 TwKLFTH StiU':kt or Fouu-milk Tunnel. — In 
 1887 the construction of a new tunnel, extending 
 four miles Into the lake, opposite Twelfth 
 Street, with a capacity of 140,000,000 gallons, 
 and englne.s that would pump 75,000,000 gallons 
 dally, was contracted for. The crib through 
 which this tunnel receives Its supply is cir- 
 cular In form, 118 feet in diameter on top and 
 123 feet on the water line, with a well 70 feet 
 In diameter. It Is 50 feet high, the top being 
 
 ten feet above the water. There are two con- 
 centric %-inch steel shells, with 24 radial bulk- 
 heads, forming compartments which are filled 
 with concrete. This portion of the crib rests on 
 a polygonal timber grillage 13 feet high, 
 through which pass six intake ports five feet 
 square, fitted with gates and fish screens, which 
 are operated from the slides in the middle of 
 the circular wall of the crib. The intake shaft 
 is 10 feet in diameter, and has two gates 5x6 
 feet, near the top. In 1898 a steam-heating 
 plant was installed and double windows were 
 placed on the openings round the well; a tem- 
 perature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit is main- 
 tained during the winter, so that it is no longer 
 necessary to keep a force of men to remove the 
 ice forming in the well. 
 
 Hyde Park or Sixty-Eighth Street Crib. 
 — This crib is constructed on the same 
 general lines as the two-mile crib, except that 
 the ports in the protection break-water are at a 
 low level. The newer cribs are built with a 
 timber bottom on which are constructed the 
 crib walls. Two concentric rings of steel, with 
 radial bulk-heads, are filled with concrete to the 
 level of the top of the water. The ports are 
 at a low level and but very little trouble is 
 experienced as a result of even a very severe 
 winter. Even with these improvements, it was 
 still necessary to keep a large force of men 
 on the cribs hoisting ice day and night from 
 the wells. It was thought necessary to leave 
 the well area entirely open. Ice would form, 
 and the ice-laden water passing through would 
 leave its deposit of slush, anchor and drift ice 
 on the crib walls and around the gates of the 
 intake shaft, necessitating the constant working 
 of the men by night and by day to clear the 
 openings to this shaft. 
 
 Carter H. Harrison Crib. — This struc- 
 ture, 2 2-3 miles from shore, represents the 
 highest type of construction of an intake crib. 
 Circular in form, the large fields of running ice 
 are readily parted and continue on their jour- 
 ney without detriment to the crib or danger 
 to the water supply; whereas, a straight surface 
 presenting a perpendicular line to the path of 
 the field, caused the ice to pile from the bottom 
 of the lake to a height of 25 or 30 feet above 
 the water, entirely shutting off the intake ports 
 on that side. The intake ports to the well 
 room are at a low level, and that, combined 
 with the circular form of the Interior and a 
 thoroughly modern heating plant in the well- 
 
SCENES IN SOUTH PARK. 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 747 
 
 room, allows the crib to present such a defense 
 that the most severe conditions will not be a 
 menace to the water supply. Light, comfortable 
 quarters, with bath-rooms supplied with hot 
 and cold water, are provided, and good sanitary 
 conditions prevail, so that few of us have in our 
 homes more physical comfort than the crib- 
 keeper. 
 
 Contracts were let for this work in July, 1898, 
 which included general work, steel and iron 
 work, electric light plant, heating apparatus, 
 tanks, pumps, plumbing, etc., and work was 
 commenced May 1, 1899, and completed by the 
 close of that year, at a cost, including sub- 
 structure, superstructure and landing, of $192,- 
 441.40— being $275,000 less than the cost of the 
 four-mile crib, hitherto the most complete crib 
 in use. H. H. Jackman was assistant engineer 
 in charge. 
 
 Considerable improvement has been made in 
 the construction of intake cribs since the old 
 two-mile crib was placed in the early sixties. 
 This crib is made of wood and filled with riprap 
 and concrete, the superstructure being granite 
 limestone and brick. It was constantly in dan- 
 ger, both from anchor ice and the large fields of 
 drifting ice that invade these shores in the win- 
 ter months, proving a constant menace to the 
 ports and also to the safety of the crib. Later 
 a protection breakwater was placed around the 
 crib with an opening 40 feet wide to admit tugs 
 and for the admission of the water supply. But 
 this device, while affording protection to the 
 crib from the fields of ice, only added to the 
 danger of shutting off the water supply by the 
 ice, which made it necessary to employ thirty 
 men and two tug-boats during the winter 
 period. This protection, furnished by this large 
 force, could have been maintained with four 
 men had the ports been placed near the bed 
 of the lake, or had ports been placed at a lower 
 level in the protection breakwater. 
 
 In the report of City Engineer Lewis B. Jack- 
 son for 1895, it is stated that there were then 
 over twenty miles of water-supply tunnels, 
 through which the city drew its supply from 
 Lake Michigan — sizes five, six, seven and eight 
 feet in diameter; and a total length of 105,800 
 feet. At the present time there are thirty-eight 
 miles of tunnels leading to the pumping sta- 
 tions, costing $4,338,939, and having a capacity 
 of 615,000,000 gallons. The Lake Tunnel, east 
 under the lake, ten feet wide and ten feet two 
 inches high, with a twelve-foot intake shaft in 
 
 a crib two and two-thirds miles from shore, 
 and a land tunnel ten and eight feet in diam- 
 eter, convey the supply to the Central Park 
 Avenue and Springfield Avenue Pumping Sta- 
 tions, having a daily capacity of 120,000,000 
 gallons. 
 
 In 1904 the water system of Chicago con- 
 sisted of eight large pumping stations and two 
 small ones, five intake cribs, and thirty-eight 
 miles of tunnels. The number of available 
 pumping engines was thirty-six, having a total 
 capacity of about 530,000,000 gallons per day of 
 twenty-four hours. The total amount pumped 
 for the year 1903 was 137,515,701,956, approxi- 
 mating 188 gallons per capita. Th« total 
 expense of operation and maintenance of the 
 pumping stations during the same time was 
 $740,176.81, and the revenue derived from water 
 collections $3,728,493.83. There were 19,922 
 hydrants in use at the close of 1903, the total 
 mileage of pipe in use at the same date being 
 1,939.75. 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 HEALTH DEPARTMENT— FREE BATHS. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE CHICAGO HEALTH DEPARTMENT — 
 THE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC OF 1832 — FIRST HEALTH 
 
 BOARD APPOINTED IN 1833 CHANGES IN THE 
 
 SYSTEM — LIST OF MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT 
 HEALTH BOARDS — PUBLIC BATHS — CHICAGO THE 
 FIRST CITY IN THE WORLD TO ESTABLISH A 
 
 SYSTEM OF FREE BATHS CARTER H. HARRISON 
 
 BATH HOUSE OPENED IN 1894 OTHER BATHING 
 
 STATIONS ^BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF THE SYSTEM 
 
 ON THE PUBLIC HEALTH M'KINLEY PARK 
 
 SWIMMING POOL. 
 
 In the growth of all cities and densely popu- 
 lated districts the first institutions or organ- 
 izations of a medical character are the off- 
 spring of necessity. In 1833 the inhabitants 
 of Chicago, on account of the prevalence of the 
 cholera epidemic of the previous year, by which 
 Port Dearborn became temporarily a cholera 
 hospital, effected a township organization. 
 Among the earliest ordinances adopted by the 
 Board of Trustees was one for the protection 
 of the public health. A fine of three dollars was 
 
748 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 imposed upon any one who should throw 
 refuse into the river, and the Town Supervisor 
 or Street Commissioner was authorized to re- 
 move all nuisances recognized as detrimental 
 to the health of the community. In 1835, fear- 
 ing another outbreak of cholera, the village 
 Trustees appointed a permanent Board of 
 Health, consisting of seven prominent citizens, 
 but including only one physician. Dr. John T. 
 Temple. No cholera appeared that year, how- 
 ever; and after one or two meetings the orig- 
 inal town organization was superseded by a 
 formal city incorporation, one section of the 
 act requiring the Common Council to appoint 
 annually three Commissioners to constitute 
 a Board of Health, and also a health officer, 
 who should visit and care for persons suffer- 
 ing from contagious and infectious diseases. 
 The first Board appointed under these pro- 
 visions was organized in May, 1837, and con- 
 sisted of Dr. J. W. Eldridge, A. N. Fullerton and 
 D. Cox, while Dr. Daniel Brainard was made 
 Health Officer. The Mayor was also ex-offlcio 
 member of the Board of Health. 
 
 In 1838 Dr. Brainard was superseded as 
 Health Officer by Dr. E. S. Kimberley, who 
 served until May, 1841, when Dr. J. W. Eld- 
 ridge was appointed to the position, and an 
 ordinance passed requiring the attending physi- 
 cian, in any case resulting in the death of the 
 patient, to give a certificate of such death and 
 the causes of the same, which was the first step 
 towards a record of vital statistics. In 1842 
 the duties of the Health Officer were divided 
 between the City Physician and the City Mar- 
 shal, and Dr. W. B. Egan was elected to the 
 former office and Mr. Austin Smith to the 
 latter. This arrangement was continued until 
 1857, the office of City Physician being filled 
 successively by Dr. Philip Maxwell from 1845 
 to 1847; Dr. Henry S. Huber from 1847 to 1849; 
 Dr. Levi D. Boone from 1849 to 1852; Dr. A. B. 
 Palmer during 1852; Dr. Brock McVickar dur- 
 ing 1853-1854 and 1856; Dr. I. Lynn in 1855; 
 Dr. Gerhard Paoli from 1857 to 1859; Dr. 
 William Wagner from 1859 to March 27, 1860, 
 when the Health Deparment wa.s vacated by 
 an ordinance of the Common Council. The city 
 then remained without sanitary or health offi- 
 cers until Def:ember 1, 1861, when Dr. Lucien 
 P. Cheney was appointed City Physician with a 
 Halary of $600 per annum, out of which he was 
 to furnlBh the medicinoH required for such indi- 
 gent patients as were entitled to assistance. 
 
 When it is remembered that the city population 
 at that time numbered 138,186, including a 
 large proportion of poor people, the salary men- 
 tioned will be regarded as one of the most 
 remarkable specimens of municipal economy 
 affecting the poor; yet Dr. Cheney held the 
 office for thirteen years, and until his death 
 in 1874, performing its duties with as much 
 fidelity as if the salary had been $6,000. Soon 
 after the appointment of Dr. Cheney as City 
 Physician, Charles S. Perry, a policeman, was 
 detailed to act as Health Officer, continuing in 
 that capacity until May, 1865, when T. B. 
 Bridges was elected to the office. Mr. Bridges 
 continued in the position until March 31, 1867, 
 when the Health Department was separated 
 from that of the police and placed entirely 
 under the control of the Board of Health, with 
 the Sanitary Superintendent as its executive 
 officer. The new board was composed of Drs. 
 William Wagner, H. A. Johnson and J. H. 
 Ranch, with citizens William Giles, A. B. Reyn- 
 olds and Samuel Hoard, and the Mayor, J. B. 
 Rice, as ex-officio member of the board. Dr. 
 Ranch was made Sanitary Superintendent and 
 Dr. H. S. Hahn City Physician. In 1869 Dr. 
 George Schloetzer superseded Dr. Wagner 
 as member of the Board, which otherwise 
 remained unchanged until after the great fire 
 of 1871. 
 
 After the disappearance of the cholera epi- 
 demic, which prevailed to some extent from 
 1854 to 1860, the city continued quite free from 
 epidemics, and, as usual under such conditions, 
 the municipal authorities gave less and less 
 attention to sanitary conditions, until, as 
 already stated, in 1860 they formally abolished 
 the Health Department and transferred its 
 duties to the Mayor and police. This was done 
 in opposition to the vigorous protest and earn- 
 est warnings of the leading medical men of the 
 city, acting both as individuals and as members 
 of the Chicago Medical Society. 
 
 From 1858 to 1863 Dr. N. S. Davis made fre- 
 quent efforts to have a competent medical 
 Health Officer placed in charge of the sanitary 
 interests of the city. His efforts were actively 
 supported by Drs. Ranch, H. A. Johnson and 
 others, and in 1865 a public meeting of the 
 profession appointed a committee consisting of 
 Drs. Davis, J. W. Freer, J. P. Ross, H. Hitch- 
 cock, R. N. Isham and B. McVickar, to formu- 
 late and present specific recommendations to 
 the municipal authorities for improving the 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 749 
 
 sanitary conditions of the city, and for the 
 preservation of reliable records of vital sta- 
 tistics. The committee faithfully discharged the 
 duties imposed upon it, and was largely instru- 
 mental in having a regular Board of Health 
 re-established in 1867, with a competent physi- 
 cian as Sanitary Superintendent. 
 
 In the meantime, however, while sanitary 
 affairs were being neglected, and the city was 
 substantially without a Health Department, the 
 population was rapidly increasing, and the busi- 
 ness of slaughtering and meat-packing indus- 
 try, near the South Branch, had been begun and 
 was being actively prosecuted, and enough of 
 the blood and offal allowed to enter the river to 
 contaminate both air and water. To such an 
 extent had this nuisance grown that, during 
 the years 1863 and 1864, the whole river was 
 tinged with blood. Fish ceased to live in it, 
 and the odor was perceptible over a large part 
 of the city. In the autumn of 1862 a number 
 of cases of smallpox appeared in the city, and 
 the disease spread with such persistence that 
 2,000 cases were reported during the years 
 1862, '63 and '64. During the two latter years 
 a severe epidemic of erysipelas also prevailed, 
 much the larger number of cases being located 
 in proximity to the river. 
 
 Immediately following these local scourges 
 came the cholera epidemic in Europe of 1865, 
 and In this country in 1866, which finally com- 
 pelled the people of Chicago to heed the per- 
 sistent warnings of medical men, sufficiently at 
 least to take measures to create the efficient and 
 intelligent Board of Health of 1867. The Board 
 as then organized remained under the leader- 
 ship of Drs. J. H. Rauch and H. A. Johnson, 
 the former serving as Sanitary Superintendent 
 and the latter as President of the Board until 
 1873-1874. In August, 1873, Dr. Rauch resigned 
 and Dr. Benjamin C. Miller was appointed his 
 successor. In January, 1874, . Dr. Johnson 
 resigned and was succeeded by Dr. J. H. Hahn. 
 In October, 1875, Dr. Hahn died, and the 
 vacancy was filled by the appointment of Dr. 
 Brock McVickar. 
 
 In July, 1876, another change came in the 
 adoption by the City Council of an ordinance 
 abolishing the Board of Health, and devolving 
 Its powers and duties upon a chief oflScer called 
 the Commissioner of Health, with provision 
 for a corps of Sanitary Inspectors and a Regis- 
 trar of Vital Statistics. The following January 
 (1877) Dr. McVickar resigned his office, and 
 
 Oscar DeWolf was appointed Commissioner of 
 Health, with Dr. J. S. Knox as assistant. Dr. 
 H. P. Wright as Registrar of Vital Statistics, 
 and a corps of three medical inspectors. Dur- 
 ing the same year an ordinance was passed 
 giving the Commissioner of Health more con- 
 trol over the slaughtering, packing, rendering, 
 fertilizing and other establishments liable to 
 affect the public health. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature passed in May, 
 1881, manufactories, work-shops, tenement and 
 lodging houses, etc., were brought under the 
 supervision of the Health Commissioner. 
 
 While Chicago spends the least amount per 
 capita for health purposes, it has the lowest 
 death rate of any of the principal cities of the 
 country. In accomplishing this result the fol- 
 lowing features of the Health Department's 
 work are regarded as important factors: 
 
 1. The supervision and inspection of the 
 milk supply, which has resulted in giving to the 
 city the purest supply of milk and cream of 
 any large city in the country. 
 
 2. The efforts of the Department in connec- 
 tion with the use of preventive methods and 
 remedies, especially with reference to consump- 
 tion, diphtheria, infiuenza, pneumonia, scarlet 
 fever, smallpox and typhoid fever. 
 
 3. The city's system of free public baths, 
 open throughout the year. 
 
 Among other features of the Department's 
 work may be mentioned the development of a 
 first-class practical working laboratory of chem- 
 istry, bacteriology, pathology, and diagnosis, by 
 means of which more than 100,000 separate 
 determinations and manipulations are made 
 annually in the regular branches, exclusive of 
 special examinations and analyses. 
 
 The original devising and subsequent per- 
 fecting of a system of disinfection, which is 
 widely copied elsewhere. 
 
 The inauguration of medical school inspec- 
 tion, this being the second city in the country 
 to make the attempt. 
 
 The vast improvement in the registration of 
 vital statistics and the certification of causes 
 of death. 
 
 The supervision of contagious disease during 
 life, and conduct of funerals and care of prem- 
 ises after death. 
 
 And, above all, the persistent education of the 
 public by circulars, leafiets, bulletins, lectures 
 and addresses, and the public press. 
 
 The Chicago public is thus made more Intel- 
 
75° 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ligent on sanitary matters than is any other 
 community, and largely to this fact is ascribed 
 the constantly increasing healthfulness, the 
 reducing of the death rate, and the lengthening 
 of human life in Chicago. 
 
 Dr. DeWolf continued in the office ten years, 
 during which time the practical working of the 
 city Health Department was systematized, 
 much extended, and administered with more 
 than ordinary efficiency. He resigned in 1887, 
 and was succeeded by Dr. Swayne Wicker- 
 sham who, after a service of three years, in 
 1890 gave place to Dr. John D. Ware; the latter 
 serving until April, 1893. Dr. Ware was suc- 
 ceeded by Dr. Arthur R. Reynolds, who 
 remained until 1895, when W. R. Kerr was 
 appointed, and served until April, 1897, when 
 Dr. Arthur R. Reynolds was again appointed, 
 and still retains the position. The Department 
 is growing rapidly in importance and in influ- 
 ence, and is frequently quoted and commended 
 by sanitary and other publications. 
 
 The main offices of the Department of Health 
 are located in Rooms 2, 4, 9, 409, 411, 413 and 
 415 City Hall . 
 
 Free Bath System. — The Free Public Bath 
 system, already mentioned as an important fac- 
 tor in maintaining the high sanitary standard 
 of the city of Chicago, is claimed in its incep- 
 tion to have been the first absolutely free bath 
 system put in operation in the world — other 
 public baths previous to its establishment 
 charging a small fee, ranging from two cents 
 at the Volksbad in Vienna, to five cents in the 
 public rain baths in New York City. The first 
 of its kind to be established in Chicago was 
 the Carter H. Harrison Bath House, which was 
 opened to the public at 192 Mather Street, in 
 the Nineteenth Ward, in January, 1894. The 
 original cost of the building was $7,825, while 
 the plumbing and the heating apparatus cost 
 the additional sum of $2,511, making a total of 
 a little over $10,000. The Martin B. Madden 
 Bath, located at Thirty-ninth Street and Went- 
 worth Avenue, was opened to the public April 
 17, 1897. "Public Bath Numl)er 3" and the "R. 
 A. Waller Bath" were established respectively 
 In 1900 and 1901, the former located in the 
 Twenty-ninth Ward and the latter in the 
 Eighteenth Ward. 
 
 BfiHldeH Ihese, bathing Blalions have l)een 
 opened at a numln^r of the pumping stations, 
 which, by the utilization of the warm waste 
 
 water, furnish accommodations to a large ntm- 
 ber of people. 
 
 The outdoor Swimming and Wading Pool, 
 located in McKinley Park, in the southwest part 
 of the city, was opened during the year 1903, 
 and promises to be of great convenience to a 
 large class of population situated remotely from 
 the lake shore. The dimensions of the pool are 
 350 by 150 feet, the depth ranging from nothing 
 to nine feet, the whole surrounded by a graded 
 walk, with a shelter 73l^ feet in length by 44% 
 feet in width. Dressing rooms and suits are 
 provided free. 
 
 The number of persons — men, women and 
 children — availing themselves of the advan- 
 tages of the public bathing houses and bathing 
 stations during the year 1903 was estimated 
 at over half a million. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 HARBORS, FERRIES AND BRIDGES. 
 
 FIRST WHITE VISITORS TO THE CHICAGO KIVER — 
 IMPORTANCE OF A HARBOR AT CHICAGO 
 ATTRACTS ATTENTION IN 1814 — ILLINOIS AND 
 MICHIGAN CANAL AND CHICAGO HARBOR 
 TWIN ENTERPRISES — FIRST STEP IN IM- 
 PROVEMENT OF CALUMETT HARBOR AND 
 RIVER BEGUN IN 1870 — RANK OF CHI- 
 CAGO AS A MARITIME PORT — HISTORY OF 
 FERRIES AND BRIDGES — FIRST FERRY ESTAB- 
 LISHED IN 1829 — ADVANCE FROM THE INDIAN 
 CANOE TO THE BASCULE BRIDGE. 
 
 The division of harbors connected with the 
 Department of Public Works of the city of 
 Chicago has general supervision over the City 
 Harbor, including the Lake Front, the waters of 
 Lake Michigan extending three miles into the 
 lake between the north and south limits of the 
 city; the Chicago River and Its branches, and 
 all slips adjacent thereto; as well as the Calu- 
 met River and all slips adjacent thereto. The 
 officers having general supervision of harbor 
 affairs are: Robert B. Wilcox, Assistant Engi- 
 neer in Charge; John A. McCarthy, Harbor 
 Master; Thomas J. Elderkin, Vessel Despatcher. 
 
 HisToitu'Af, (1G73-1901).— The first white men 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 751 
 
 to come to the Chicago River with their boats 
 were the French Jesuit Missionaries and the 
 fur-trade adventurers. Vague rumors, through 
 intercourse with the Indians, had given them 
 an idea of a great river in the West, and 
 through the lalces and this great unltnown river 
 they expected to find a navigable water course 
 across the continent. It was this idea of a 
 water way that made Chicago and the Chicago 
 Harbor. Marquette and Joliet came here in 
 1673 and Marquette's map, published in 1681, 
 shows a river connecting the Mississippi and 
 Lake Michigan. 
 
 The importance of a harbor at Chicago was 
 first talked of August 6, 1814, in connection 
 with the idea of having a canal which would 
 connect the waters of Lake Michagan with the 
 Mississippi River. "Chicago Creek" at that 
 time did not amount to much, and its mouth 
 was blocked by sand which would admit the 
 -passage of small boats only over the bar, 
 although the water was deep enough above the 
 mouth to float larger vessels. The importance 
 of the harbor arose from the fact that a short 
 portage only separated its waters from those 
 flowing into the Mississippi. 
 
 The projection of the Illinois and Michigan 
 Canal was the making of Chicago. The canal 
 and harbor were twin enterprises. Without a 
 good harbor Chicago could never have become 
 a port of entry; and if there were no clear 
 way of exit into Lake Michigan the canal 
 would be almost worthless. As a result of cor- 
 respondence in 1830 between residents of Chi- 
 cago, then a settlement of less than one hun- 
 dred inhabitants, and members of Congress, the 
 first appropriation of $25,000 was made in 1833 
 for the improvement of Chicago Harbor, and 
 work was commenced the same year under the 
 direction of Major George Bender. The project 
 contemplated the formation of a channel four^ 
 teen feet wide, through the mouth of the river 
 and between two piers extending into the lake. 
 The work was carried on at irregular intervals 
 and, with various modifications, until 1870, when 
 the present plan for an outer harbor was adopt- 
 ed, which contemplated the construction of an 
 easterly breakwater 4,000 feet long, about 3,300 
 feet from the shore, and a southwesterly break- 
 water 3,000 feet long, the protected area being 
 about 455 acres, of which 270 acres were 
 reserved for piers and slips, and 270 acres with 
 a depth dredged to sixteen feet for harborage. 
 Up to and including 1869 the Government 
 
 expended $416,167.22 during the years 1863 to 
 1865. In 1878 the plan was still further modi- 
 fied by proposing an additional breakwater 
 about 5,400 feet long to be located north and 
 east of the harbor entrance. Up to and includ- 
 ing 1900 the United States Government has 
 expended for the improvement of the harbor 
 proper $2,201,005, which is a very small amount 
 in comparison with the money spent on other 
 harbors, when the importance of Chicago as a 
 port is taken into account. 
 
 Calumet Harbor and River. — The improve- 
 ment of the Calumet Harbor and River has been 
 carried on by the United States Government. 
 The improvement of the harbor proper was 
 started in July, 1870. The object was to provide 
 a deep entrance to the Calumet River, which 
 was accomplished by building parallel piers 
 (300 feet apart), projecting into the lake from 
 the shore at the mouth of the river and dredg- 
 ing between them to a depth of 20 feet. To 
 June 30, 1900, 4,140 lineal feet of the north 
 pier, 4,020 lineal feet of the south pier, and 
 1,000 feet of foundation of the proposed 4,400 
 feet of the outer breakwater had been completed. 
 Vessels of the largest size and deepest draft 
 known to the Great Lakes now frequent this, 
 the most capacious artificial harbor on Lake 
 Michigan. 
 
 The importance of Chicago as a port is shown 
 by the following statement taken from the 
 report of W. S. Chance, Supervising Special 
 Agent of the United States Treasury Depart- 
 ment, dated June 30, 1900. From this state- 
 ment it will be seen that Chicago stands in the 
 fourth place in point of collections, and in 
 the first place in point of vessels entered and 
 cleared. Chicago leads New York by 2,998 
 total entrances and clearances, and falls but 
 4,331 below the total of the group including 
 Baltimore, Boston, New Orleans, Philadelphia 
 and San Francisco. Thus we see Chicago stand- 
 ing at the very head of the list of ports con- 
 nected with the marine trade on the American 
 continent. 
 
 Calumet and Chicaoo Canal. — A corpora- 
 tion chartered by act of the Legislature March 
 10, 1869, under the name of the Calumet & Chi- 
 cago Canal & Dock Company, has been the 
 means of developing that part of Chicago and 
 Cook County known as the Calumet region. It 
 had its inception in the plans of the Bowen 
 brothers (Chauncey and James H.), who, in the 
 early sixties, made extensive purchases of land 
 
752 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 along the Calumet River. As just noted, a 
 charter was granted to a company consisting 
 of Elam G. Clark, Daniel J. Schuyler, George 
 W. White, James H. Woodworth, Charles V. 
 Dyer, John McCaffrey, George Schneider, John 
 V. Le Moyne and George W. Sanford, represent- 
 ing a capital of $500,000, with power to pur- 
 chase land, condemn right of way and con- 
 struct a canal connecting the Calumet River 
 with the Illinois & Michigan Canal. Several 
 thousand acres of land were acquired in con- 
 nection with the enterprise, and the contem- 
 plated improvement of the Calumet River 
 began. The canal, however, was not built, and 
 in time the company became financially in- 
 volved. A reorganization was effected in 1881, 
 and a total of common stock was issued of 
 $3,800,000 and bonds amounting to $1,800,000. 
 With the proceeds secured by the sale of bonds, 
 docks were built and the river dredged, making, 
 with subsequent improvements inaugurated by 
 the General Government, one of the best har- 
 bors on Lake Michigan. By making certain 
 concessions the company induced large indus- 
 tries to locate along the harbor, and the Calu- 
 met region is today one of the most busy and 
 prosperous manufacturing, and shipping points 
 in the State, in some respects rivaling even the 
 district immediately adjacent to the Chicago 
 River. Preferred stock was issued to take up 
 mortgages upon property of the company, and 
 the last of these were taken up in 1891, leaving 
 the company free from indebtedness. The cor- 
 poration is still actively engaged in advancing 
 the business interests and promoting the devel- 
 opment of the Calumet valley. The present 
 officers are: President, Leslie Carter; Vice- 
 President, William J. Watson; Secretary, Stew- 
 art Spalding. 
 
 Ferrieb, Bridges axd Viaducts (1829 to 
 1901). — In view of the unparalleled growth of 
 Chicago from a "frontier settlement" to the 
 world-famous city of the Twentieth Century, 
 with Its 2,000,000 inhabitants, each and every 
 detail of this phenomenal development will be 
 of Interest to future generations who are des- 
 tined to reap the fruit, the seeds of which were 
 planted by the pioneers of that early period. 
 If Is the purpose here to present a brief sketch 
 of ihf Improvements of the river and harbor, 
 those great arterle« of commerce, especially 
 In rfspfft to those features most closely con- 
 nected with the development of bridge and via- 
 duct construction. 
 
 The first means established for crossing the 
 Chicago River, as an improvement upon the 
 "Indian's canoe," was by means of a ferry, for 
 which a license was granted by the County 
 Commissioners June 2, 1829, to Archibald Cly- 
 bourn, Samuel Miller and John B. Beaubien, 
 authorizing them "to keep a ferry across the 
 Chicago River at the lower forks, near Wolf 
 Point (located where the Lake Street bridge 
 now crosses the river), crossing the river below 
 the northeast branch, and to land on either 
 side of both branches, to meet the convenience 
 of persons wishing to cross." 
 
 The license fee was two dollars, and the 
 rates established for crossing were as follows: 
 For each foot passenger, GVi cents; man and 
 horse, 12i^ cents; horse and pleasure vehicle, 
 50 cents; one-horse wagon, 25 cents; two-horse 
 wagon, 31Vo cents; cattle or mules, 10 cents; 
 hogs, 3 cents; merchandise, per hundredweight, 
 and grain, per bushel, 6V4, cents. 
 
 A public ferry was established in 1831 across 
 the Chicago River at the forks, over which 
 it was provided the people of the County should 
 be passed free, all others to be charged schedule 
 rates. Mark Beaubien was the first duly ap- 
 pointed ferryman. 
 
 The ferries established not affording sufficient 
 facilities for transportation across the river, 
 the construction of bridges was regarded as a 
 necessity. The first of these to be built was in 
 the summer of 1832, near Kinzie Street, across 
 the North Branch, for the use of foot passen- 
 gers only, and was erected by Samuel Miller. 
 During the year 1833 a floating bridge, con- 
 sisting of rough logs, was constructed over the 
 South Branch just north of Randolph Street, 
 at a cost of $486.20, of which $200 was con- 
 tributed by the Indians of the vicinity. It was 
 built by Alanson H. and Charles Taylor. 
 
 The first drawbridge over the main branch 
 of the river was placed at Dearborn Street 
 in 1834. The timber used in the construction 
 of the bridge was cut from land adjoining Mich- 
 igan Avenue. The structure was 300 feet long, 
 with a sixty-foot passage for vessels. 
 
 The old Dearborn Street drawbridge was 
 demolished in 1839, and a "scow-ferry" sub- 
 stituted. The proprietors of the warehouses 
 located on the North Side were clamorous for 
 a new structure, by which the wagon-loads of 
 grain and produce coming into the city from 
 the south might more easily reach them, thus 
 insuring more healthful competition. This rea- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 753 
 
 sonable demand was opposed in the Council 
 for a long time, and the ordinance for the con- 
 struction of the Clark Street bridge, in 1840, 
 was carried only by the deciding vote of Mayor 
 B. W. Raymond. This was a floating swing- 
 bridge constructed after plans made by W. B. 
 Ogden, and similar structures were built at 
 Wells, Randolph and Kinzie Streets between 
 1846 and 1849. These bridges were operated 
 by a chain and capstan. The bridges at Clark, 
 Wells, Kinzie and Randolph Streets were swept 
 away by the flood and ice in 1849. 
 
 In 1849 bridges were built at Madison and at 
 Randolph Streets, being constructed largely by 
 means furnished by subscriptions of property 
 owners whose property would be benefitted by 
 such improvements. In April, 1847, an ordi- 
 nance was passed prohibiting teams from stop- 
 ping on a bridge or within forty feet of one. 
 Previous to the flood of 1849 the city did little 
 to regulate bridges or bridge-tenders. There 
 were continuous complaints about the slowness 
 and indifference of bridge-tenders, and it was 
 not until 1852 that they were required to give 
 bonds "for the faithful performance of their 
 duties," the amount of a bond being placed at 
 $500 for each incumbent; but by the ordinance 
 of January 13, 1854, bridge-tenders were made 
 special policemen, and their bonds were in- 
 creased from $500 to $2,000, and they were 
 required merely to open and close their bridges 
 as quickly as possible. 
 
 A pivot-bridge was built at Clark Street in 
 1854 at a cost of $12,000. It contained a double 
 carriage-way and sidewalks. In 1856 the plans 
 for a bridge at Madison Street were agreed 
 upon. As it was proposed to construct the 
 bridge at municipal expense, a vigorous pro- 
 test was entered against such a proceeding. The 
 bridge was flnally built in 1857 for $30,000, and 
 was the first bridge constructed entirely at the 
 city's expense. 
 
 The first iron bridge in the West was built 
 in 1856 at Rush Street, and this marked a new 
 era of bridge construction in Chicago. The 
 primitive wooden bridges of the pioneers were 
 supplanted by those made of iron — or a com- 
 bination of wood and iron — which, owing to the 
 increasing traffic, had in turn to give way to 
 the steel swing bridges of today. 
 
 Previous to the fire of 1871 the city owned 
 and operated twenty-seven bridges, which were 
 constructed between 1856 and 1870, inclusive, 
 to replace the slow-moving float-bridges which 
 
 at one time were the only ones in use. Six 
 bridges were destroyed in the fire of October 
 8 and 9, 1871, involving a loss of $71,000. By 
 March, 1873, the work of rebuilding the bridges 
 and viaducts destroyed by the fire was about 
 completed, at a cost of $526,921 for the former, 
 and $189,573 for the latter. From 1879 to 
 1886 eight bridges were constructed, costing 
 the city $320,452, and the railroad corporations 
 $106,461. During the same period nine via- 
 ducts were built and three old ones renewed, 
 at a cost to the city of $582,599 and to the 
 railroads of $723,134. The contrast between 
 these figures and those of 1887 and 1888 is strik- 
 ing. During these years six bridges were con- 
 structed, which cost the city only $243,297, the 
 railroads paying $197,195. Ten viaducts were 
 erected and two renewed at a cost to the city of 
 only $214,155, while that to the railroads was 
 $968,256. 
 
 The first attempt in Chicago to overcome the 
 objectionable features of the swing-bridge was 
 made in 1891 by the construction of the Weed 
 Street bridge — a movable bridge without cen- 
 ter pier, known as a "folding bridge," patented 
 by Captain Harmon, which has not proved a 
 success on account of the expense of its main- 
 tenance and its easily getting out of order. 
 In 1893 a somewhat improved form of this 
 bridge was constructed at Canal Street, but 
 it had the same objectionable features found in 
 the Weed Street bridge. In 1894 the "Waddell" 
 lift-bridge was built over the South Branch, at 
 South Halsted Street. While this bridge re- 
 moves the objectionable feature of the center- 
 pier and protection, its cost is something enor- 
 mous ($237,000), and its operation, repairs and 
 maintenance have been a constant source of 
 expense to the city. In 1895 a rolling lift- 
 bridge, patented by William Scherzer, was built 
 over the South Branch, at Van Buren Street. 
 In 1897 a similar bridge was built over the 
 North Branch, at Halsted Street. These bridges, 
 although a marked improvement upon the fold- 
 ing and lift-bridges, have some objectionable 
 features. The main objection lies in the fact 
 that this type of bridge requires a most solid 
 foundation. 
 
 In 1899 the Bridge Division of the City made 
 a critical analysis of the literature on movable 
 bridges built in the United States and Europe, 
 with a view to selecting a type of bridge suit- 
 able to the requirements of the Chicago River 
 and its branches. The result of this analysis 
 
754 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 was very ably put in the form of a report by 
 Alexander Von Babo, showing the advantages 
 and disadvantages of the various movable 
 bridges in use. The type known as the "Trun- 
 nion Bascule Bridge" was considered to be the 
 one that could most fully and satisfactorily 
 meet Chicago requirements from a scientific 
 as well as a practical and ecomonical point of 
 view. Three complete designs were made, dif- 
 fering in appearance, but all involving the main 
 feature (that of a revolving trunnion), which 
 were submitted to a Board of Consulting Engi- 
 neers appointed by the Commissioner of Public 
 Works, consisting of the following well-known 
 engineers: E. L. Cooley, Ralph Modjeski and 
 Byron B. Carter. The Board recommended 
 design No. 3, with some modifications, which 
 were subsequently carried into effect. The 
 design was prepared and worked out with great 
 care by Mr. Edward Wilmann, City Bridge 
 Engineer, and John Ericson, City Engineer, 
 with a view to its adoption for all the bridges 
 of this type, and approved by L. E. McGann, 
 Commissioner of Public Works, and the above 
 named consulting engineers. Credit is also due 
 to Thomas G. Pihlfeldt, Assistant City Bridge 
 Engineer, and Alexander Von Babo and Karl L. 
 Lehman, structural iron designers, and Mr. 
 John C. Bley, machine designer, for their serv- 
 ice in connection with this work. Competitive 
 designs and bids were opened May 15, 1900, for 
 the Ninety-fifth Street bridge, and a contract 
 awarded to Roemheld & Gallery June 21, 1900. 
 The approximate cost was $152,000, and work 
 commenced July 18, 1900. Bids for the Division 
 Street bridge were opened June 1, 1900, and the 
 contract was signed July 11, 1900 (contractors, 
 Messrs. Roemheld & Gallery) ; approximate cost, 
 1133,000; work commenced July 16, 1900. Bids 
 were opened for the Clybourn Place bridge 
 January 25, 1901; contracts signed during 
 1901; contractors, American Bridge Com- 
 pany; approximate cost |148,000, including bid 
 for substructure by Fitzsimmons & Connell 
 amounting to $64,000. Plans and specifica- 
 tions submitted by the Sanitary District of 
 Chicago for Canal Street bridge have been 
 approved and signed; also for a viaduct at 
 Canal and Sixteenth Street, submitted by the 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Chicago 
 & Northwestern Railroad Companies, and 
 work commenced July 30, 1900. 
 
 Supervision of the erection of the Northwest- 
 ern Elevated Railroad, together with the usual 
 miscellaneous work of preparing plans, plats 
 and data for various projects, constitute a por- 
 tion of the work of this division. 
 
 The navigable portions of the river are now 
 crossed by fifty-eight draw-bridges, of which 
 eight are for railroads exclusively, forty-eight 
 for streets and street railways exclusively, and 
 two for both street and traflSc. These two latter 
 carry Lake Street and the Lake Street Elevated 
 Railway, Wells Street and the Northwestern 
 Elevated Railway respectively. Of all these 
 existing draw-bridges, fifty are swing-bridges — 
 all but one (the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
 Paul Railway) having center piers. One of 
 these is a vertical bridge, at Halsted Street; 
 two are folding bridges, at Weed Street and 
 Canal Street; and five are Bascule bridges. The 
 present scheme of improvement provides for 
 the replacement of twelve swing-bridges with as 
 many Bascule bridges. 
 
 The "Granger" bridge, built between 1846 and 
 1849, swung on a pivot from the shore end, 
 with the swinging end on a float made out of 
 sheetiron (a square box concern) and turned 
 by a capstan. There was one each at Lake 
 Clark and Wells Streets. At Kinzie Street the 
 old-fashioned weight draw-bridge was built, 
 which was the first edition of the later "Bas- 
 cule." In 1856 the Rush Street bridge was 
 built of steel, which was a great improvement 
 over the float-bridge; but on account of a large 
 drove of cattle being driven on while the bridge 
 was turning, the cattle were forced to run to 
 the north end of the bridge, which caused the 
 structure to break in two on the center pivot, 
 and the cattle were dumped into the river, only 
 a few being saved alive by being hoisted upon 
 a vessel standing near by. 
 
 The progress from the "Indian canoe" for 
 crossing the Chicago River to the modern Bas- 
 cule bridge has taken comparatively a few 
 years, and is the partial fulfillment of the say- 
 ing that "Chicago beats the world" for growth 
 and Improvements. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 755 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 FIRST ATTEMPT TO ORGANIZE A DRAINAGE AND 
 SEWERAGE SYSTEM FOR CHICAGO IN 1847 — 
 DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE COMMISSIONS 
 
 APPOINTED IN 1852 AND 1855 THE SEWERAGE 
 
 COMMISSION GIVES PLACE TO A BOARD OF PUB- 
 LIC WORKS IN 1861 CHANGES OF THE LAST 
 
 FIFTY YEARS — EXTENT AND COST OF SYSTEM — 
 
 THE DRAINAGE CANAL ITS HI.STORY AND 
 
 EXTENT COST OF THE WORK 0\T;R $45,000,000. 
 
 On February 18, 1847, a legislative act, sup- 
 plementary to the City Charter, granted to the 
 Common Council power to build and repair 
 sewers by special assessment upon the prop- 
 erty benefited thereby. 
 
 In the year 1849, Madison Street, east and 
 west, and State Street, north and south, were 
 decided upon as the summit in the South 
 Division of the city; the grades of that por- 
 tion lying north of Madison Street and west of 
 State Street to slope to the north and drain 
 into the main river; the portion east of State 
 to slope east and drain into the lake; and the 
 portion south of Madison and west of State 
 Street to slope west and discharge into the 
 South Branch. Nothing was done by way of 
 drainage, however, except to open ditches, 
 until the year 1850, when triangular shaped 
 wooden box sewers were built in Clark, La- 
 Salle and Wells Streets from the main river 
 to the alleys south of Randolph Street. The cost 
 of these alley sewers was $2,871.90, which 
 amount was wholly paid for by the property 
 benefited. 
 
 By act of the Legislature, dated June 23, 1852, 
 a commission consisting of Henry Smith, 
 George W. Snow, James H. Reed, George Steele, 
 H. L. Stewart, Isaac Cook and Charles V. Duer 
 was appointed and empowered to locate, con- 
 struct and maintain ditches, culverts, embank- 
 ments, bridges and roads in lands lying in 
 Townships 37, 38, 39 and 40 North, Ranges 
 12, 13 and 14 East of the Third Principal 
 Meridian (Cook County), and to the land and 
 material necessary for these improvements, 
 and assess the cost of such work upon the land 
 they deemed to be benefited thereby. The land 
 drained extended about four miles north, eight 
 
 miles west, and ten miles south from the then 
 city limits, nearly all of which has since been 
 annexed to the city. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature, approved Febru- 
 ary 14, 1855, a Board of Sewerage Commission- 
 ers was appointed by the City Council, consist- 
 ing of one member from each of the three 
 divisions of the city. It was their duty to con- 
 sider all questions relating to the thorough and 
 systematic drainage of the city; to submit a 
 plan and an estimate of the cost to the Common 
 Council, and to issue bonds, from time to time, 
 as they should deem expedient, not exceeding 
 the sum of $500,000, pledging the faith and 
 credit of the city for the payment of the prin- 
 cipal and interest thereof. 
 
 The first Commission consisted of William 
 B. Ogden, J. D. Webster and Sylvester Lind. 
 E. S. Chesbrough was appointed Chief Engi- 
 neer and William H. Clark principal assistant 
 engineer. During the season of 1855 surveys 
 were made and plans drawn and adopted by the 
 Commissioners, and submitted to the Common 
 Council and their fellow-citizens for general 
 approval, December 31, 1855. The plans sub- 
 mitted included the district bounded on the 
 north by Division Street, on the West by 
 Reuben Street (now Ashland Avenue), on the 
 south by North Street (now Sixteenth Street), 
 and on the east by Lake Michigan. The plan, 
 as adopted and since carried out, provided for 
 main sewers in the North Division in Rush, 
 Clark and Franklin Streets, discharging into 
 the main river, and in Chicago Avenue empty- 
 ing into the North Branch. The West Division 
 mains were located on Fulton, Randolph. Madi- 
 son, Adams and Van Buren Streets, emptying 
 into the South Branch. The South Division, 
 sewer in Michigan Avenue, from the river to 
 east of State Street, was drained by a main 
 Sixteenth Street, the summit being at Van 
 Buren Street — that part south of Van Buren 
 Street discharging into the lake at Twelfth 
 Street, and the part north emptying into the 
 main river. The portion lying south of Wash- 
 ington Street and west of State Street dis- 
 charged into the South Branch by various 
 streets, while that part west of State Street and 
 north of Washington was drained by two-foot 
 sewers in each north and south street emptying 
 into the main river. 
 
 From the outset Mr. Chesbrough insisted 
 upon constructing sewers to discharge by grav- 
 ity. This necessitated raising all streets from 
 
756 
 
 HISTORICAL E.NCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 one to three feet above the natural surface of 
 the ground, in order to secure sufficient depth 
 of soil over the top of the sewers to protect 
 them from frosts and heavy traffic. The first 
 sewerage bonds to the amount of $100,000 were 
 issued March 19, 1856. The first contract for 
 constructing public sewers was awarded and 
 work commenced in 1856. The State Street 
 sewer from Randolph Street to the River was 
 built by Ives & Lonergan, contractors; that on 
 North Clarlv Street to Erie Street was built 
 by S. S. Wiltsee & Co.; West Randolph Street 
 sewer from the river to Desplaines Street was 
 built by S. S. Wiltsee & Co. These were the 
 first sewers built, being constructed during the 
 years 1856 to 1860, inclusive, amounting to 
 53.71 miles. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature, approved March 
 20, 1861, the Board of Sewerage Commissioners 
 was abolished and a Board of Public Works 
 was created. At an election held the third 
 Tuesday in April, 1861, Benjamin Carpenter, 
 Frederick Letz and John G. Gindili were elected 
 Commissioners. The Board was organized, 
 having full control of all public works, includ- 
 ing sewerage, on May 6, 1861. The Board of 
 Public Works continued in power, with several 
 changes in its members, until September 19, 
 1876. The total length of sewer in place Decem- 
 ber 31, 1876, was 265.80 miles. On September 
 18, 1876, an ordinance was passed abolishing 
 the Board of Public Works, and on the same 
 date the Department of Public Works was 
 organized, with the Hon. Monroe Heath Mayor 
 and Acting Commissioner. No Commissioner 
 of Public Works was appointed until after the 
 Hon. Carter H. Harrison was inaugurated 
 Mayor on May 19, 1879, when Charles S. Wal- 
 ler was appointed and qualified. 
 
 The amount of money expended in the con- 
 struction of sewers and catch-basins in the city 
 of Chicago and the maintenance of the same, 
 from the establishment of the sewerage system 
 In 1855 up to .January 1, 1904, was $22,991,- 
 495.15, of which $2,405,715.23 was on account of 
 cleaning sewers and $1,916,948.69 on account of 
 street intersections and repairs. The total 
 amount of sewer.H In place at the latter date was 
 1,563 miles, of which 567.45 miles were of brick 
 construrtlon and 995.55 miles of vitrified tile 
 pipe. The number of catch-basins at the begin- 
 ning of the year 1904 was 57,510. 
 
 THE DRAINAGE CHANNEL. 
 
 The Sanitary District of Chicago is organ- 
 ized under the general law for the creation of 
 Sanitary Districts enacted by the Legislature 
 of the State of Illinois in 1889 and in force 
 July 1st of that year. The first Board of Trus- 
 tees was elected Dec. 12, 1889, and served, bar- 
 ring resignations, until December 2, 1895. Since 
 that period the regular term of service has beeu 
 five years. 
 
 The primary object of the work undertaken 
 by the Sanitary District is the protection of 
 Lake Michigan — the great reservoir from which 
 the City of Chicago and its urban and suburban 
 neighbors draw their drinking water — from 
 sewage pollution due to the discharge directly 
 into it, or into the rivers which empty into it, 
 of the sewage of the City of Chicago and its 
 aforesaid neighbors. The first work under- 
 taken was the construction of a great canal 
 from Robey Street to Lockport. That done, the 
 logical sequence was the improvement of the 
 Chicago River by deepening and widening the 
 channel and removing the bridge obstructions, 
 so as to make it possible to secure an adequate 
 flow of water through it without injury to navi- 
 gation. 
 
 The work of the Sanitary District has created 
 valuable possibilities in the way of water power 
 development, and the same Legislature which 
 passed the annexation laws enacted a law which 
 enables the Board to realize in part these possi- 
 bilities by giving ft the authority to develop the 
 water power at Lockport. This work is now 
 under contract and construction is in progress. 
 The plans for it provide for an extension of 
 the channel now in use, between concrete walls 
 and earth and rock embankment, southward for 
 a distance of about 10,700 feet, to the site 
 selected for the erection of the power plant. 
 From this point on a tail-race Is to be exca- 
 vated for a distance of about 6,800 feet, to a 
 junction with original Section 17; this tail- 
 race is to be 160 feet wide and be deep enough 
 to afford a minimum depth of water of 22 feet. 
 Section 17 is a wide channel and the minimum 
 depth of water therein, until it enters the 
 Upper Basin at Joliet, will be ten feet. The 
 mean head for power development resulting 
 from this improvement will be 32 feet and the 
 net horsepower figured on an efficiency of 75 
 per cent and a flow of 600,000 cubic feet per 
 minute will be 27,000 H. P. The power is to 
 be housed in a structure of concrete and brlcK 
 
mSTOEICAL EJTCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 757 
 
 construction and will have ten turbine cham- 
 bers, three for exciter units and seven for 
 power units. The power units are designed to 
 pass 100.000 cubic feet at 8-10 discharge. They 
 consist of turbines on horizontal axes, capable 
 of generating 6,500 H. P. at full gate under 34 
 feet of head at 150 revolutions per minute. 
 Each power unit is to drive one 3,750-K. W., 
 3-phase, 2,200-volt generator. The ultimate dis- 
 charge of the channel will, under present plans, 
 reach 800,000 cubic feet per minute. 
 
 The Main Drainage Channel of the Sanitary 
 District of Chicago is now completed from its 
 confluence with the South Branch of the Chi- 
 cago River, at Robey Street in the city of Chi- 
 cago, to Lockport, in Will County, 111., a dis- 
 tance of 28.05 miles. Water from Lake Michi- 
 gan was let into the main channel, via the 
 Chicago River, and through the auxiliary chan- 
 nel which connects the main channel with the 
 West Fork of the South Branch, on January 2, 
 1900. It took thirteen days to fill the channel 
 from Western Avenue to the controlling works. 
 On the morning of the 17th of January, 1900, 
 by permission of the Governor of the State of 
 Illinois, the Bear Trap Dam was lowered and 
 the westward flow of water from the lake was 
 commenced. At the end of Section 15 of the 
 channel the controlling works are located. Be- 
 yond these works the construction completed 
 by the District covered the work necessary for 
 conducting the flow from the channel, in con- 
 junction with the waters of the Desplaincs 
 River, down the declivity to and through the 
 city of Joliet, and making of such changes m 
 the Illinois and Michigan Canal as the new con- 
 ditions developed rendered necessary. 
 
 The controlling works comprise seven sluice 
 gates of metal, with the necessary masonry 
 bulk-heads and one bear-trap dam. The sluice 
 gates may be considered as a modification or 
 what is known as the Stoney gate type, gates 
 having a vertical play of twenty feet and open- 
 ings of thirty feet each. The bear-trap dam 
 has an opening of 160 feet, and an oscillation 
 of seventeen feet vertically. 
 
 All the bridges on the main channel are 
 movable structures. There are six bridges for 
 public highways. One was built for the use 
 of the Southwest Boulevard and Western Ave- 
 nue. It has double roadways — one being for 
 heavy and the other for light traflac. There 
 are seven railway bridges, one being an eight- 
 track rolling-lift structure, with a channel span 
 
 of one hundred and twenty feet. One is a four- 
 track swing bridge, and the others are double- 
 track structures. The entire weight of the iron 
 and steel used in their construction was 22,- 
 862,454 pounds. 
 
 The total amount of excavation involved in 
 the construction of the main channel is 
 26,693,000 cubic yards of glacial drift, and 
 12,265,000 cubic yards of solid rock, or an aggre- 
 gate of 38,958,000 cubic yards, to which must 
 be added the material excavated from the River 
 Diversion, the latter amounting to 1,810,652 
 cubic yards of glacial drift, and of solid rock 
 258,659 cubic yards, making a total of 2,069,311. 
 The work between Lockport and Joliet, includ- 
 ing the controlling works. Involves 1,201,724 
 cubic yards of excavation, making the grand 
 total of Main Channel, River Diversion and 
 Joliet Project 42,229,035 cubic yards. All of 
 this work is now completed and, in addition 
 thereto, 457,777 cubic yards of retaining wall 
 and bridge masonry. The retaining wall is all 
 laid in cement mortar. The rock, when broken 
 up, expands about 80 per cent, and therefore 
 the volume of the rock spoil banks will be 
 nearly 22,542,586 cubic yards. The whole vol- 
 ume of spoil (earth and rock), if deposited in 
 Lake Michigan in forty feet of water, would 
 make an island one mile square, with its sur- 
 face twelve feet above the water line. In addi- 
 tion to these quantities the work of the main 
 channel extensions and water-power develop- 
 ment involves 105,000 cubic yards of earth, 
 1,247,000 cubic yards of rock and 145,000 cubic 
 yards of masonry and concrete. 
 
 The distance from the mouth of the Chicago 
 River to the junction of the Main Channel with 
 the West Fork of the South Branch at Robey 
 Street is about six miles. 
 
 The length of the Main Channel proper, from 
 Robey Street to the controlling works at Lock- 
 port, is 28.05 miles — making a total of 34.05 
 miles. 
 
 The dimensions of the Channel are: Robey 
 Street to Summit, 7.8 miles; 110 feet wide at 
 bottom; 198 feet at water line, with minimum 
 depth of water 22 feet. Summit to Willow 
 Springs, 5.3 miles; 202 feet wide at bottom; 
 290 feet wide at water line, with 22 feet depth 
 of water; grade of earth channel, one foot m 
 Forty thousand feet, or 1% inches per mile. The 
 side slopes in earth are one foot vertical to two 
 feet horizontal. At Willow Springs the channel 
 narrows to the walled and rock cross section. 
 
758 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 extending 14.95 miles to Lockport, 160 feet wide 
 at bottom; 162 feet at top; grade in rock one 
 foot in twenty thousand, or 3% inches per mile. 
 
 The total cost of the construction of the chan- 
 nel has amounted to $45,220,588.19. 
 
 The construction of the Thirty-ninth Street 
 Sewer, for the drainage of the southern dis- 
 trict of the city into the Drainage Canal, was 
 begun in 1898 and completed in 1902. The 
 sewer is twenty feet in diameter, and 12,123 
 feet long, extending from the lake west on 
 Thirty-ninth Street. Work was at once begun 
 on the pumping station at Thirty-ninth Street 
 and the lake, which is now (1904) in the course 
 of construction. The intercepting sewer which 
 discharges to this pumping station from the 
 south was completed in 1904 between Thirty- 
 ninth Street to Seventy-third Street. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 CHICAGO CENTENNIAL JUBILEE. 
 
 CELEBRATION OF HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 
 FOUNDING OF FORT DEARBORN — MARVELOUS 
 
 PROGRESS OF A HUNDRED YEARS REPRESENTA- 
 
 THES OF INDIAN TRIBES TAKE PART IN THE 
 
 EXERCISES HISTORICAL TABLETS BRILLIANT 
 
 FIREWORKS DISPLAY INDUSTRIAL PARADE — 
 
 REUNION OF OLD SETTLERS. 
 
 When a city has attained the venerable age 
 of one hundred years it is quite appropriate 
 that its natal day should be given some kind 
 of recognition by its children and grandchil- 
 dren commemorative of the event. When that 
 city has acquired such wonderful growth and 
 made so great progress as to astonish the entire 
 American nation, that recognition should be 
 something more than the ordinary expression 
 of good will and wishes for continued prosper- 
 ity. And such, indeed, was the nature of the 
 celebration held in Chicago from September 26 
 to October 1, 1903, when due honor was 
 accorde<l the city's centennial anniversary and 
 great pomp and ceremony marked its entrance 
 Info the second century of Its existence. 
 
 Chicago was fortunate In being located at a 
 point easy of access l)Oth by land and l)y water. 
 
 It was fortunate in having for its pioneers 
 men of energy, of progressive ideas, of indom- 
 itable courage, whose faith brought the city 
 through the ravages of fire and made it possible 
 to become the metropolis of the West. And it 
 is fortunate in being the heir to the sons of 
 those hardy pioneers, who are today bending 
 their will and business acumen toward still 
 greater things and successfully carrying on the 
 work inaugurated by their forefathers. A brief 
 glance into Chicago's past — back to its initia- 
 tive stage — will demonstrate how from small 
 things mighty empires grow. 
 
 Chicago, as it exists today — great in manufac- 
 tures, finance and commerce — would not have 
 attained its present importance had it not been 
 for its advantageous situation at the head of 
 one waterway and the mouth of another. These 
 waterways formed the highways to the interior 
 and along them went the missionary, the 
 explorer, the trapper, the pioneer farmer, in 
 their search for a favored locality. Later these 
 highways became the means of building up an 
 immense commerce and served to invest Chi- 
 cago with greater importance than any other 
 inland city on the continent. Towards the end 
 of the seventeenth century French explorers 
 and missionaries utilized the Chicago River in 
 journeying through the Illinois country, and 
 later the Indian took possession of the territory 
 now occupied by the site of Chicago. 
 
 In the treaty of Greenville, Ohio, in 1795, be- 
 tween the twelve tribes of Indians and the 
 United States Government, the latter being rep- 
 resented by General Anthony Wayne, a part of 
 the ground negotiated for was "a piece of land 
 six miles square, at the mouth of the Chicago 
 River, emptying into Lake Michigan." Here 
 in 1803, Major Whistler erected Fort Dearborn, 
 around which there gradually grew a small 
 settlement. This was the laying of Chicago's 
 cornerstone — the first step in the building of 
 what was destined to become the second city 
 in the United States — and it was in commemora- 
 tion of this event that the Centennial Jubilee 
 was inaugurated and carried to a successful 
 conclusion. 
 
 During the one hundred years of its exist- 
 ence the city has passed through the grada- 
 tions of an Indian village, a trading post, a 
 white man's settlement, and a busy town, finally 
 culminating in a city alive with energy and 
 enterprise, great in power, wealth and indus- 
 try. 
 
ALONG ^.HKkll.AX RuAD AND ON THE BOULEVARDS. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 759 
 
 The renowned public spirit of Chicago has 
 in the past led its enterprising business men 
 to celebrate the city's progress with various 
 festivals, all of which have been eminently suc- 
 cessful, and which have received the encourage- 
 ment and support of all Chicagoans, who are 
 famed for their civic pride and loyalty, and 
 these festivals have drawn the applause of 
 thousands who came from the great territory 
 tributary to Chicago. 
 
 The Centennial Jubilee was planned to sur- 
 pass all occasions of a similar nature ever held 
 in the country. The significance of the event, 
 the scale upon which it was devised, the sea- 
 son of the year selected, and the importance 
 and splendor of its many features drew to 
 the city immense numbers of visitors from 
 neighboring towns and from the adjacent agri- 
 cultural districts, as well as from the larger 
 cities east and west, north and south. Enthusi- 
 asm from all classes of citizens early began to 
 manifest itself. It grew in volume and rapidly 
 spread. Business men were quick to see the 
 commercial advantages to be obtained through 
 the influx of out-of-town visitors, hotel and 
 railroad managers were hopeful of an increased 
 business, and the oldest inhabitant delved 
 among the archives of his memory for wonder- 
 ful stories of early days when the wolves were 
 caught on the now densely populated streets of 
 the city, when skating parties were a nightly 
 affair on the Chicago River, and when the 
 Indians were their friendly next-door neigh- 
 bor. And so the Jubilee blossomed and thrived 
 and grew into full bloom, nurtured by kindly 
 hands whose owners had its interests deep in 
 their hearts. 
 
 The credit for the inception of this stupen- 
 dous undertaking — for its growth and far-reach- 
 ing results greatly exceeded the expectations 
 even of those upon whose shoulders fell the 
 responsibility of its success — belongs to Mr. 
 Charles R. Macloon, a veteran newspaper man 
 of Chicago, and it was largely owing to Mr. 
 Macloon's far-seeing qualities and his great 
 executive ability that the Jubilee was so ably 
 conducted and carried to such a brilliant cul- 
 mination. Having become imbued with the idea 
 of a centennial celebration Mr. Macloon at 
 once began to sound the business men of Chi- 
 sago as to their willingness to participate in 
 such a mammoth birthday party, and received 
 not only a ready response but a hearty assur- 
 ance of their moral co-operation and financial 
 
 assistance. Upon obtaining assurance in this 
 quarter the next step was to see how the Mayor 
 and City Council viewed the affair, as it was 
 deemed advisable that it should have the sanc- 
 tion of the municipal government. Mayor Har- 
 rison and the city fathers became deeply inter- 
 ested, and the former issued the following proc- 
 lamation: 
 
 PROCLAMATION. 
 To the Citizens of Chicago: 
 
 This fall Chicago is to celebrate the one 
 hundredth anniversary of its birth. To make 
 the centennial celebration one befitting a 
 city of such prominence, size, wealth and 
 progress, I issue this proclamation calling 
 upon all residents to unite to make the week 
 of festivity the greatest in the history of 
 Chicago, both in splendor and dignity. 
 
 The committee of citizens appointed by 
 the Council has the celebration well in hand. 
 It should receive the hearty financial sup- 
 port of all Chicago, so that the fetes may 
 reflect the importance of the occasion. The 
 members of the committee have arranged a 
 program of great attractiveness for the week 
 from September twenty-sixth to October first. 
 The railroads have granted low rates and the 
 interest of the people of neighboring States 
 has been aroused to such an extent that half 
 a million visitors are expected. 
 
 The wonderful story of Chicago will be 
 pictured in every possible way — in a recon- 
 structed Fort Dearborn; in a reunion of pio- 
 neers; in a reproduction of the famous fire; 
 in an industrial parade that will have for its 
 theme the progress of the city; in educational 
 historic programs in the schools and in tab- 
 lets marking the city's historic spots. 
 
 Other important events have been arranged. 
 Distinguished men from all parts of the coun- 
 try will be our guests, and it is incumbent on 
 us to give them the heartiest welcome we 
 can. All citizens are urged to make a special 
 effort to decorate the city during Centennial 
 week and to lend every aid to make the 
 jubilee a credit to Chicago. 
 
 Carter H. Harrison, 
 
 Mayor. 
 The Centennial Executive Committee was 
 appointed by the Mayor, with the following ofli- 
 cers at its head: Charles A. Plamondon, Chair- 
 man; Charles R. Macloon, Secretary; L. A. God- 
 dard. Treasurer; W. W. Tracy, Chairman of the 
 
760 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Finance Committee. Offices were secured in 
 the Great Northern Hotel, details of the celebra- 
 tion were mapped out, and various sub-commit- 
 tees on finance, entertainment, parades, educa- 
 tion, old settlers, athletics. Daughters of the 
 American Revolution, music, and ways and 
 means were appointed, and the officers and mem- 
 bers took up their various tasks. The plans of 
 these committees were approved by the Mayor 
 and City Council on Monday, January 5, 1903. 
 
 It is one thing to conceive a project, but quite 
 another to carry it to a successful issue. The 
 greater part of the detail work fell to Secretary 
 Macloon, both because of his official position 
 and by reason of his being, as it were, the 
 father of the idea. The first object, of course, 
 was to obtain finances with which to carry on 
 the work, and in this respect the merchants and 
 business men of the city, who had become 
 thoroughly convinced of the worthiness of the 
 occasion, came forward unanimously and con- 
 tributed liberally, with the result that in a 
 short time the sum of $50,000 was secured — an 
 amount amply sufficient to cover all expenses. 
 It may be stated that, in this connection, it is 
 a significant fact that after the celebration had 
 closed a number of letters were received from 
 business houses desiring to know the amount 
 of their share of the expense in conducting the 
 Jubilee — an incident that clearly showed their 
 appreciation of the benefits derived during 
 Centennial week. 
 
 The preparation of the program was the next 
 consideration of the committees. In arranging 
 this it was necessary to bear in mind the fact 
 that the people of Chicago — and her guests as 
 well — must be instructed as well as entertained, 
 and to this end a number of attractive features 
 were planned. The newspapers had in the 
 meantime taken up the cause as a most laud- 
 able one and devoted columns to illustrations 
 and descriptions of the projected features, thus 
 advertising them far and near, and by the 
 opening day the city was well filled with visit- 
 ors. It was estimated that during the week 
 half a million strangers had viewed the cere- 
 monies attending the Jubilee. They came to 
 see what could 1k> accomplished in a short one 
 hundred years, to gaze on the handiwork of 
 man In building up from a sandy waste this 
 wonder-fity, whosf mammoth sky-reaching, 
 Htoel-glrdered buildings had supplanted the 
 tents and log huts and frame houses of earlier 
 days; whose well pavrd streets had taken the 
 
 place of Indian trails and mud-immersed wagon 
 roads, and whose electric cars and elevated 
 roads had supplanted the prairie schooner and 
 the antiquated horse-cars. These things the 
 people saw, and they departed marveling at the 
 Aladdin-like transformation. 
 
 Pre-eminent among the attractions of histor- 
 ical interest and an echo, as it were, of the 
 primitive days when the red men roamed the 
 ground upon which now stand the architectural 
 triumphs of modern civilization, was the Indian 
 village at Lincoln Park. There were gathered 
 the representatives of six tribes of Aborigines 
 whose ancestors once lived either upon that 
 very spot or in its immediate neighborhood — 
 the Pottawatomies, in command of Charles 
 Pokagon, grandson of the chief who saw the 
 first white man set foot on this shore; the 
 Winnebagos, from Wisconsin and Nebraska, 
 under Chief Noginka; the Ottawas from North- 
 ern Michigan, with Chief Blackbird at their 
 head; the Sacs and Foxes, from their reserva- 
 tions in Iowa and Indian Territory, led by Chief 
 Pushnateka and accompanied by Sawahghasah, 
 the civil chief and leader who attends to all 
 of his people's affairs with the Government of 
 the United States; the Menominees, from 
 Northern Wisconsin, under the guidance of 
 Chief Lone Star; the Chippewas, under the 
 leadership of Chief Wawahbasha and Chicag. 
 These Indians were all under the personal care 
 of Mr. R. T. Roddy, of Chicago, whose father 
 was a trader among the Winnebagos of Wis- 
 consin and who was brought up with that tribe. 
 Upon the death of Black Hawk he was elected 
 their chief and given the name of White Buf- 
 falo. The Indian village was a replica of vil- 
 lages that existed along the shore of Lake 
 Michigan one hundred years ago, the Chippewa 
 huts being of bark and rushes, the Winnebago 
 wigwams of skin, the Ottawa tepees, while the 
 Sacs and Foxes occupied rush houses. During 
 the week the Indians participated in various 
 sports and games, consisting of canoe and dug- 
 out races, foot races, swimming races, canoe 
 tilting, scalp and bulTalo dances, mock-mar- 
 riage ceremonies, contests in bow and arrow 
 shooting, lacrosse, etc. A model of the orig- 
 inal Fort Dearborn block-house was erected 
 near the Indian village, and was an object of 
 great interest to the thousands of visitors. 
 
 Although but a hundred years old, Chicago 
 has a marvelously Interesting history, and its 
 busy thoroughfares conceal many spots of his- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 761 
 
 toric importance. New York, Boston, Philadel- 
 phia and Washington also have many historic 
 spots which have been suitably marked with 
 tablets, but this method of designating mem- 
 orable places had hitherto been neglected in 
 Chicago. Its centennial, however, brought the 
 matter before the committee and arrangements 
 were perfected to remedy the long-neglected 
 duty of placing mmorial tablets in appropriate 
 places. On Saturday, the first day of the Jubi- 
 lee, was performed the ceremony of dedicating 
 the historic spots of Chicago with suitable tab- 
 lets. The exercises were held at the Public 
 Library Building, and inaugurated the formal 
 opening of the Centennial. Prof. Edwin E. 
 Sparks presided and Mayor Harrison delivered 
 the address of welcome. Mr. Charles A. Plamon- 
 don, Chairman of the Executive Committee, 
 said: 
 
 "Today we draw the veil from the past 
 and reveal our early struggles to show by 
 what marvelous labor and patience we have 
 realized the wonders of this hour. A hun- 
 dred years — only a moment in the life of a 
 nation. And from the wilds of an Indian 
 trail, first marked by the white man's gov- 
 ernment with a fort, the spot has become the 
 second city of the country. To all who are 
 here, to all who learn the teaching of Chi- 
 cago's century, there must be a profound 
 lesson; a lesson of indomitable courage, of 
 heroic labor, of noble patriotism, of civic 
 enthusiasm, of the spirit that conquers every 
 obstacle to attain a glorious end. Not the 
 massacre of the pioneers of 1812, nor the anni- 
 hilation of the best part of the city by fire in 
 1871, daunted the high aspirations of our 
 fathers. May the next century witness strides 
 as rapid as those which carried us from the 
 antiquity of Fort Dearborn to the magnificent 
 city of today, a city toward which the nation 
 is looking as the center of its ideals." 
 
 The location and description of the tablets 
 are as follows: 
 
 Public Libraet Building. — Reproduction of 
 the original Fort Dearborn in the upper 
 panel. Inscription: "The first Fort Dear- 
 born, built by United States troops, 1803. De- 
 stroyed by Indians, 1812." In the lower panel 
 is a reproduction of the second Fort Dear- 
 bom. Inscription: "The second Fort Dear- 
 born, erected 1816, abandoned 1832. The cen- 
 tennial of Chicago, 1903." 
 
 Palmer House. — An illuminated design 
 done in majolica, showing two figures, one 
 representing fire and the other smoke encir- 
 cling a map of the district burned in the Chi- 
 cago fire. It is surmounted by the letter Y, 
 shield of the city of Chicago, and at the bot- 
 tom is a phoenix, symbolizing the rebuilding 
 of the city. Inscription: "The Chicago fire, 
 1871. Burned four miles along the lake and 
 one mile inland, 2,214 acres of ground, 13,500 
 buildings destroyed, 92,000 people made home- 
 less, and $186,000,000 property lost." 
 
 Masonic Temple.— -Tablet commemorating 
 the establishment of Fort Dearborn Military 
 Reservation. Inscription: "Fort Dearborn 
 military reservation, seventy-five acres, estab- 
 lished in 1824. Sold for town lots, 1839. 
 This square reserved for Dearborn Park, 
 City Library erected 1898." 
 
 Anderson Art Store, Wabash Avenue and 
 Madison Street. — Tablet containing a bas re- 
 lief head of Marquette in the upper panel. 
 Inscription: "Father Marquette, a Jesuit 
 missionary. The first white man to visit the 
 Chicago River, 1674." 
 
 Board of Trade Building. — Tablet of La 
 Salle, head in bas relief. Inscription: "The 
 first house erected within the limits of Chi- 
 cago was built by De La Salle, a French ex- 
 plorer, 1683." 
 
 City Hall. — Tablet of first and second 
 court houses. Inscription: Upper panel, 
 "The first COok County court house, erected 
 1835." Lower panel, "Second court house. 
 Erected 1853, rebuilt 1870, burned 1871. This 
 square reserved from original town site for 
 public buildings 1830." 
 
 Montgomery Ward Building, Michigan 
 Avenue and Madison Street. — Tablet showing 
 the mouth of the Chicago River one hundred 
 years ago. In the upper panel are two Indi- 
 ans standing on the shore of the river, while 
 a companion is paddling a canoe in the mid- 
 dle of the stream. Fort Dearborn is seen in 
 the distance. Inscription: "Near this point 
 the Chicago River emptied into Lake Michi- 
 gan at the time Fort Dearborn was built, 
 1803." 
 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railway Sta- 
 tion. — Tablet of first railway station and loco- 
 motive. Inscription: "Near this spot stood 
 the station of the Galena and Chicago Union 
 Railroad. Chartered 1836, ten miles opened 
 1848." In the lower panel is a reproduction 
 
762 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 of a railway locomotive. Inscription: "The 
 Pioneer, first locomotive in Chicago, 1848." 
 
 Reiu-Mirdoch Store, Lake and Market 
 Streets. — Tablet of wigwam. Inscription: 
 "Here stood the temporary Republican wig- 
 wam in which Abraham Lincoln was nomi- 
 nated for the Presidency, May 18, 1860. 
 'May the Almighty grant that the cause of 
 truth, justice and humanity shall in no wise 
 suffer at my hands.' " 
 
 Visitors arriving in the city Saturday night 
 were startled to see a red glow spread over the 
 principal down-town streets, and thoughts of a 
 second Chicago fire flashed across the minds of 
 many as they saw the flare of the flame flash up 
 against the overhanging clouds. It was, in fact, 
 a mimic reproduction of the great catastrophe 
 of 1871, a vivid portrayal of the blaze that par- 
 tially destroyed, but which did not dismay, 
 Chicago. A steady but slight rain fell during 
 the evening, but notwithstanding this thou- 
 sands of people stood in the streets for two 
 hours awaiting the spectacle. At half-past 
 eight o'clock a bomb gave the signal to waiting 
 firemen at twenty-eight, street corners in the 
 business district, and an instant later 8,000 
 pounds of Roman fire burst forth in flames, 
 sending their glare and smoke to the tops of the 
 tallest buildings. The rain which made the 
 streets disagreeable brought the clouds close 
 to earth and they served as a natural back- 
 ground, turning rosy under the play of the fire 
 beneath, and soon the flames themselves, the 
 streets, the crowds and the building were all 
 reflected in the sky. It was as if the heart of 
 the city was wrapped in fire and mantled luridly 
 with smoke. The rise and fall of the flames, 
 as the powder was fed into the blaze, took, in 
 the clouds, the form of waves of vivid color. 
 The sight was impressive and realistic in the 
 extreme. 
 
 Chicago's greatness is not entirely due to her 
 commercial enterprice. The church has been 
 a potent element in the general result, even in 
 the earlier days, before there were many 
 houses, and the city may well be proud of the 
 fact that the religious training of its younger 
 generation has never been neglected. It was 
 therefore decided to set aside Sunday, the 27th, 
 for Hpecla) rfliglous exercises in all the churches 
 and Sunrlay Schools, and some three hundred 
 mlnlHterH devot-fd their morning sermon to the 
 pant, prewent and future of Chicago. There was 
 a markwl Hlmllarlly In these sermons, although 
 
 different ministers treated the subject differ- 
 ently, according to their own personal views. 
 There was an unanimous tribute to the well- 
 known characteristics of Chicago men, their 
 boundless ambition, daring and energy. There 
 was also undisguised criticism of the city gov- 
 ernment, the condition of its streets and its 
 sinfulness. But every minister's faith in Chi- 
 cago and in the certainty that, in the fullness 
 of time, it would work out its own solution 
 was unlimited. The criticisms were not carp- 
 ing, but diagnostic, and each one was supple- 
 mented by a remedy. 
 
 "Civilization laid on the people of Chicago a 
 herculean task," said Rev. Dr. James S. Stone, 
 of St. James Episcopal Church. "The past gave 
 them no favors. They had nothing but the wil- 
 derness, the winds, the sun in the heavens, 
 God's blessing and their own strong hands and 
 hearts. But they saw their chance and did 
 their work, and their monument is the city in 
 which we live." Dr. Joseph Stolz, Isaiah Tem- 
 ple, said in part: "This week's celebration will 
 not have fulfilled its whole purpose unless we 
 carry in our hearts and heads the plan of a 
 future city in which our moral and spiritual 
 growth will keep pace with our material tri- 
 umphs; a city which will be clean and pure, 
 morally as well as physically; in which the 
 civic spirit will also show itself in the anxiety 
 of our best citizens to hold public oflBce; in 
 which the problems of capital and labor receive 
 the most equitable solution." Bishop Cheney 
 drew a bright picture of Chicago's future. 
 Among other things he said: "I see a city phys- 
 ically clean. It is humiliating, but must be 
 confessed, that the distinguishing feature of 
 Chicago is its filth. There it is unrivaled. I 
 am not looking for the impossible, but a Chi- 
 cago is possible where a higher moral tone and 
 a more sensitive public conscience shall be 
 dominant factors in the municipal life. I see 
 a Chicago, dimly, perhaps, where the sacredness 
 of the family relation shall make abhorrent 
 our present loathsome facility of divorce. I 
 see a city along whose streets children may 
 flock to their schools with innocence undefiled 
 by the foul and shameless advertisements of 
 low places of amusement. I see a city in which 
 the public journal that caters to the lowest ele- 
 ment in the city's life shall wither in the flres 
 of popular disapproval." 
 
 During the evening of Monday the Chicago 
 Historical Society gave a public reception, 2,000 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 763 
 
 invitations issued, and its many visitors iiad an 
 opportunity of seeing its invaluable collection 
 of pictures, documents, mementoes of the city's 
 early days, and other historical objects. The 
 guests were asked to register in an immense 
 book specially furnished for that purpose, and 
 the native Chicagoans affixed the date of their 
 birth, and the old settlers the date of their 
 arrival. The rooms were open every day and 
 evening during Jubilee week. 
 
 One of the most interesting features of the 
 Centennial was the industrial parade, given for 
 the purpose of demonstrating the marvelous 
 growth and development of Chicago's industries. 
 This pageant was participated in by military 
 companies, the National Guard, Naval Reserves, 
 detachments from the Police and Fire Depart- 
 ments and surviving members of the old Vol- 
 unteer Fire Department, the Mayor and City 
 Council, Postofflce employes, independent mil- 
 itary organizations, secret societies and repre- 
 sentatives of different nationalities in costumes, 
 Foreign Consuls, Indians, Volunteers of Amer- 
 ica, and floats and decorated wagons, illustrat- 
 ing Chicago's progress in business, commerce, 
 and manufactures. The merchants of the city 
 vied with each other in constructing floats that 
 would most adequately demonstrate the ad- 
 vancement in their particular line, many of 
 them having two or three wagons, each elab- 
 orately decorated and appropriately illuminated 
 with incandescent lights. The crowds in the 
 streets were the largest seen in Chicago since 
 the World's Fair. Filling the avenues and 
 streets from the building walls until there 
 was hardly room for the procession to 
 pass through, the people occupied all the 
 available space along the thirty-one blocks of 
 the line of march. Thousands thronged win- 
 dows, hung on fire escapes and other available 
 points of vantage in their desire to see the 
 floats and marching bodies, resplendent with 
 color, which composed the pageant. The one 
 feature of the parade that aroused the greatest 
 enthusiasm was the band of Indians who 
 marched in single file, the braves arrayed in 
 picturesque costumes and feathers. Mayor 
 Harrison, Chairman Plamondon, the members 
 of the City Council, civic officials, military rep- 
 resentatives and invited guests occupied the 
 reviewing stand at the south side of the post- 
 office. Prizes, consisting of four heavy silver 
 loving cups, were offered for the four best dis- 
 plays reviewed in the parade, and were awarded 
 
 to the Swedish societies representing the 
 Swedish nation, Mandel Brothers, the Schoen- 
 hofen Brewing Company and Garibaldi & Cuneo. 
 
 Eiighty-one members of the veteran Chicago 
 Volunteer Firemen's Association gave an exhi- 
 bition run in Michigan Avenue during the after- 
 noon of Tuesday. Drawing one of the old en- 
 gines which had done service in 1840, the vet- 
 erans started from the engine house at Wash- 
 ington Street and Michigan Avenue and contin- 
 ued to the Auditorium Hotel, where a large 
 crowd witnessed an exhibition drill and the 
 throwing of water by hand engine, working in 
 shifts. The volunteers wore the red shirts to 
 which they were accustomed in the early days. 
 
 During the afternoon descendants of John 
 Kinzie, Major James Whistler, and Lieutenant 
 James Strode Swearingen held a reception at 
 the Auditorium Hotel parlors and renewed old 
 acquaintances, discussed family trees, and dwelt 
 with pardonable pride on the part their ances- 
 tors had played in the initial epoch of Chi- 
 cago's history. At the suggestion of Major Gar- 
 land M. Whistler, great grandson of Major 
 James Whistler, Mrs. W. W. Gordon, grand- 
 daughter of John Kinzie, the earliest white 
 settler, was made presiding officer of the meet- 
 ing; James Strode Swearingen, of Circleville, 
 Ohio, grandson of Lieutenant Swearingen, was 
 made vice-chairman, and Major Whistler secre- 
 tary. It was decided to keep a record of the 
 proceedings for the benefit of the descendants of 
 the different families. Each representative of 
 each family registered in a book, now preserved 
 at The Chicago Historical Library. 
 
 Wednesday was set aside as "Stock Yards 
 Day," and at least 100,000 visitors took advan- 
 tage of the opportunity to personally investi- 
 gate the manner in which hogs, cows, and 
 sheep are slaughtered and prepared for the 
 market. Uniformed guides took charge of the 
 people and conducted them through the various 
 departments, and the entire process, from the 
 killing to the shipping room, where the meat 
 is packed ready for transportation, was viewed 
 with intense interest. 
 
 Aquatic sports were held in the afternoon 
 at Lincoln Park lagoon under the auspices of 
 the Amateur Athletic Union and the Chicago 
 Athletic Association. The events consisted of 
 scull races, swimming races, and Indian canoe 
 races, canoe tipping by the Indians, high diving 
 exhibition, and cutter races, and exhibition 
 boat-drills by the Illinois Naval Militia. 
 
764 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 A reception by the Daughters of the Amer- 
 ican Revolution was held in the evening at 
 Memorial Hall, Public Library building. This 
 was one of the most elaborate social functions 
 of the week, and was attended by about 1,500 
 guests. The invitations were a reproduction 
 of an invitation issued by General Dearborn, 
 Secretary of War, to a reception given by him 
 to the ofiBcers of Greneral Washington's staff. 
 The refreshments were of the same character as 
 Martha Washington served to her guests at her 
 levees in New York. The reception hall, assem- 
 bly hall, and memorial hall were decorated 
 with American and historic flags, masses of 
 palms, and shields of the various army corps. 
 Behind the receiving committee shone the 
 emblem of the Daughters of the American 
 Revolution in electric lights, while opposite 
 were lights of red, white and blue, forming an 
 electric reproduction of the American flag. A 
 company of Continental guards and the Sons 
 of American Revolution, in their uniforms of 
 blue and buff, gave a finishing touch to the occa- 
 sion. 
 
 A celebration of Chicago's centennial anni- 
 versary would scarcely be considered complete 
 without a reunion of the men and women who 
 today comprise the city's pioneers. In view of 
 this fact it was planned to hold a reunion of all 
 the early settlers and those who have assisted 
 in the initial development of the city, and on 
 Thursday afternoon a reception was held in 
 Memorial Hall, an informal program being 
 given. Judge .James B. Bradwell was chairman 
 of the exercises, and Mr. Albert G. Lane the 
 orator, while short addresses, comprising 
 reminiscences of early days, were made by a 
 number of old settlers. At the conclusion of 
 the program, all those who had been in Chicago 
 fifty years or more were presented with an 
 appropriate souvenir, and their names were 
 recorded In a book which was subsequently 
 presented to the Chicago Historical Society. 
 The afternoon was spent in greetings between 
 old friends and recalling experiences of the 
 past, when they, and Chicago and the world 
 were all younger. And there was no regret that 
 they had lived those earlier days, nor, in the 
 silent handshake at parting, was there any 
 Indication that many of them would never meet 
 again on earth. 
 
 Thursday evening a banquet to the visiting 
 mayors of leading cities was given In the 
 Auditorium banquet hall, where three hundred 
 
 and fifty invited guests listened to songs, toasts 
 and short speeches between the courses. The 
 hall was beautifully decorated with American 
 beauty roses and the national colors. Along 
 the eastern wall on a raised dais was the speak- 
 er's table. Joseph Jefferson, the veteran actor, 
 opened the speechmaking and told briefly of 
 his love for Chicago "for old sake's sake," and 
 recited his original memorial poem. Mayor 
 Harrison, in his address, expressed Chicago's 
 deep appreciation of the kindness of the mayors 
 "who had laid aside the cares of office for a 
 few days to come to help us celebrate." Con- 
 tinuing, Mr. Harrison told of the municipal 
 reforms that have been accomplished here. 
 After Mayor Harrison had finished, the toast- 
 master asked the guests to make their way to 
 the civic mass meeting which was to follow 
 immediately in the Auditorium theatre. At 
 this meeting Mayor Seth Low, of New York, 
 was the orator, his theme being "Civic Fed- 
 eration." On the stage was the famous United 
 States Marine Band, which supplied the music, 
 while back of the musicians was a beautiful 
 stage setting of the river and Fort Dearborn, 
 tepees, trees, canoes, camp-fire and the band of 
 Indians which had furnished the principal 
 amusement for the great crowds that thronged 
 Lincoln Park during the week. 
 
 It was quite appropriate that Chicago's cen- 
 tennial celebration should close in a blaze of 
 light and glory, and on Friday night one hun- 
 dred and fifty thousand people witnessed the 
 greatest display of fireworks seen here since 
 the World's Fair. Out in the lake scores of 
 craft cruised about, varying in size from a small 
 rowboat and diminutive yacht to the big excur- 
 sion steamers, which were packed to the 
 guards. When the three mammoth fountains, 
 reaching a height of 200 feet, were set off, they 
 lighted the waters of the lake and gave the 
 great crowd a beautiful marine scene not often 
 witnessed. For nearly two hours the vast 
 crowd watched the naval battle, the flying rock- 
 ets, the floral bombshells, the showers of pearls 
 and the aerial sleighbells, all of which were 
 easily seen from every part of the lake front 
 and for some miles inland. From the discharge 
 of the first bomb, which was a signal for the 
 illumination of the lake front by a chain of 
 lights extending as far south as Park Row, 
 until the bouquet of 3,000 rockets, which indi- 
 cated the conclusion of the program, there waa 
 a constant exhibition of pyrotechnics. The set 
 
The Peristyle. 
 
 WORLD'S FAIR BUILDINGS. 
 
 German Building. 
 Administration Building. The Fisheries. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 765 
 
 pieces comprised a gigantic allegorical figure 
 representing Chicago, with a motto bearing the 
 city's greeting; Chicago rising from the ruins 
 of 1871; Fort Dearborn; the silver falls; and 
 the naval battle. A great balloon arose in the 
 air, and upon reaching an altitude of 500 feet 
 a large United States flag was fired to burn 
 until it disappeared over the site of Fort Dear- 
 born. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 GENERAL REVIEW 
 
 BUSINESS CONDITIONS NOTABLE CITY IMPROVE- 
 MENTS IN 1904 — ^FINANCIAL AND TRADE CONDI- 
 TIONS — LIVE STOCK BUSINESS GRAIN TRADE 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE AFFAIRS — INSURANCE BUSI- 
 NESS THEATRICAL MATTERS THE NEW CITY 
 
 CHARTER QUESTION PRACTICAL UNANIMITY ON 
 
 THE SUBJECT IN THE STATE LEGISLATURE 
 
 RESULTS ANTICIPATED IN ANOTHER YEAR. 
 
 Chicago is naturally progressive, and each 
 year sees advancement in all branches of indus- 
 try, commerce, municipal government, manu- 
 factures and the various lines of business, as 
 well as in art, literature and the drama. The 
 city's growth has been more marked within the 
 past twO' or three years than during any similar 
 period, unless it be that immediately follow- 
 ing the great fire of 1871. 
 
 City Improvements. — The most notable fea- 
 ture, perhaps, during the past three years is 
 the advance in building operations in and 
 about Chicago. These show an increase for 
 1904 of $10,957,315, or 32.56 per cent over that 
 of 1903, and, with the exception of 1902, exceed- 
 ing by a wide margin the figures for any year 
 since the boom of 1892. In the marvelous 
 upbuilding of Chicago since 1871 there has 
 never been anything approaching in number, 
 massiveness and beauty the structures in 
 process of erection and completed in the busi- 
 ness district during 1904. In this category the 
 following are the more important buildings: 
 First National Bank Building, at a cost of 
 $3,500,000; Railway Exchange, $2,000,000; Hey- 
 worth Building, $1,200,000; Northwestern Rail- 
 way Office Building, $1,200,000; Majestic The- 
 ater Building, $1,100,000; Strong Building, 
 
 $1,000,000; Otis Building, $750,000; Rector 
 Building, Orchestra Hall, $400,000; Fort Dear- 
 born Annex, $350,000. The number and charac- 
 ter of the flat buildings erected during the year 
 exceeded by far anything in the previous his- 
 tory of the city, the increase for the year 1904 
 being $7,309,300, or a little over one hundred 
 per cent. Permits issued by the Building De- 
 partment showed the total cost of construction 
 as being $45,202,340, as compared with $33,645,- 
 025 in 1903— an increase of $11,557,315, or 34.35 
 per cent. The number of buildings authorized 
 during 1904 was 7,132, covering 202,524 feet 
 of frontage. The total transfers of real estate 
 in Cook County for 1904 show a valuation of 
 $112,575,637, as against $119,739,645 for 1903. 
 
 There were two main causes for the exten- 
 sive building operations of the year, one being 
 conditions from a material and labor point of 
 view, which were more than ordinarily favor- 
 able; the other based upon the fact that even 
 fairly well improved property in desirable local- 
 ities has been, and is, earning handsome returns 
 on the capital invested. There was a decrease 
 in the arhount of residence construction, the 
 total cost of the permits granted in this depart- 
 ment aggregating $2,415,000, indicating a fall- 
 ing off of $1,293,300 from 1903, when the total 
 was $3,709,000. Neither was the factory and 
 warehouse construction quite up to the mark of 
 the previous year, the total cost being 
 $4,646,500, as against $5,229,300 for 1903. 
 
 Financial Conditions.— The financial condi- 
 tions in Chicago were wholesome throughout 
 the year, and in no quarter of activity was 
 there over-speculation. The banks adhered to 
 the policy of prudence, and the money market 
 ruled higher than that of New York, rates of 
 interest being seldom below 4 per cent. Among 
 the banks the growth in deposits was relatively 
 and actually larger with the State than with 
 the National institutions. The former had an 
 increase of over $60,000,000, or 25.7 per cent, in 
 deposits, while the National Banks increased 
 $37,755,182, or 14.4 per cent. The total deposits 
 with State and National institutions were $593,- 
 397,155— a gain of $97,787,318, or 19.7 per cent. 
 Against this increase in deposits there was 
 an expansion in loans of only $22,357,172, or 
 6.7 per cent. Savings deposits increased over 
 $14,000,000, or 12.9 per cent. On the Stock 
 Exchange the business in bonds showed an 
 increase of over 67 per cent compared with that 
 of the previous year. The total, however, was 
 
766 
 
 HISTORICAL EI^CYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 the smallest since 1896, withi the exception of 
 1903. In stocks the volume was 14.4 per cent 
 larger than that of 1903, but was still behind 
 any other year subsequent to 1897. The street 
 railway situation was but little changed, there 
 being no marked activity in the shares of the 
 surface roads. Less than 20,000 shares of West 
 Chicago Street Railroad stock were traded in, 
 and North Chicago fell below 10,000 shares 
 Chicago City Railway was bought to the extent 
 of approximately 11,000 shares. The bonds of 
 the North and West side companies were rela- 
 tively as little traded in as the stock issued, 
 due, no doubt, to the unsettled problems con- 
 nected with the renewal of the expiring charters. 
 TR.iDE CoxDiTioxs. — lu the most important 
 lines of wholesale trade the year 1904 showed 
 a record of steady and helpful expansion, in 
 spite of some adverse circumstances. The 
 value remained above the billion dollar mark, 
 there being a substantial gain over the rec- 
 ord-breaking figures in 1903 of $1,050,000,000. 
 In the wholesale dry-goods trade the early 
 months of the year compare farorably with 
 those of 1903, a fair gain generally being 
 reported. During the summer there was 
 considerable lethargy, August and Septem- 
 ber, the months for market buying, being only 
 fairly satisfactory. A decided change was 
 noticeable, however, as soon as fall business at 
 retail began, indicating confidence and financial 
 strength throughout the country at large. 
 Wholesale trade improved correspondingly, and 
 for the last quarter of the year good business 
 was recorded. In regard to the wool situation 
 some of the fine foreign wools advanced 20 
 cents per pound. Taking 1904 in the strictly 
 dry-goods business, the volume of trade possi- 
 bly exceeded that of 1903 by only a small mar- 
 gin. Taking into account the Increase of fancy 
 goods allied to dry-goods, it is calculated there 
 was an increase of 5 per cent. In wholesale 
 groceries the volume of business for 1904 was 
 satisfactory, showing an increase over 1903 of 
 possibly 5 per cent. In dairy, farm and garden 
 I)rofluce 1904 was, on the whole, a good year, 
 and in many of the staple lines it was one of 
 th*- most satisfactory In a long period. It was 
 marked by a healthy volume of trade, demands 
 moHt of the time being sufflclent to maintain 
 goo<l prices, and supplies seldom so overabun- 
 dant as to cause Iobs of profits or a serious cut 
 in prlres. Taking all lines into consideration, 
 it was estimated that there was an Increase in 
 
 the volume of property handled of about 10 per 
 cent, and possibly an increase In money value 
 of 15 per cent. 
 
 Owing to the sharp advance in the price of 
 wheat, the flour production was about 30 per 
 cent larger than in 1903. One of the two mill- 
 ing companies which was obliged to give up 
 its old location on the Chicago River resumed 
 operations at a new site in South Chicago. 
 The other mill, which formerly swelled the 
 Chicago flour output, was moved to Lockport. 
 With one mill running throughout the year the 
 total output was about the same as that of 
 1903, or 750,000 barrels. While, for one or two 
 periods during the year — notably about the 
 time of the breaking out of the war in the Far 
 East — demand was brisk and the mills made 
 fine profits, yet the business as a whole was 
 unsatisfactory, because the relatively high price 
 of wheat in this country militated against the 
 usual export trade in flour. Local millers, as 
 well as all others in the country, had to aban- 
 don foreign business, except for occasional sales 
 at sacrifices in the effort to keep established 
 brands before European consumers. Prices 
 for export averaged about ^6.00 a barrel, com- 
 pared with about $3.75 in 1903. 
 
 Live-Stock Business. — In live-stock business 
 during the year was fairly good, and, on an 
 average, the prices received by the producer 
 were satisfactory. In no department of the 
 trade was there cause for radical or violent 
 changes in prices. A feature of the year's busi- 
 ness was the unusual demand that existed from 
 the outside. The supply of live-stock for 1904 
 was enormous, making a grand total of 15,351,- 
 000 head, with an approximate valuation of 
 $263,000,000. This was about 254,000 less than 
 1903, but nearly 2,000,000 greater than the sup- 
 ply of ten years ago, and twice as large as that 
 of 1884, which emphatically illustrates the 
 growth of Chicago live-stock industry. The 
 year's receipts were divided as follows: Cat- 
 tle, 3,253,000; hogs, 7,223,000; sheep, 4,500,000; 
 calves, 269,000; horses, 106,000. These totals 
 are exclusive of about 618,000 hogs slaughtered 
 outside of the Stock Yards. The average weight 
 of cattle during the year was 1,033 pounds; 
 hogs, 220 pounds; sheep, 84 pounds; as against 
 1,039 pounds, 227 pounds and 83 pounds under 
 the same classes in 1903. The only interruption 
 to trade was the Stock Yards labor-strike that 
 was inaugurated in .Tuly, 1904. This handi- 
 capped the packers seriously for nearly two 
 
HISTORICAL EN"CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 767 
 
 months, limited receipts to some extent, and 
 was the real reason that the shipments for the 
 year were proportionally so much greater than 
 the amount slaughtered. Feeders who marketed 
 their cattle early in the year found the market 
 unfavorable, for the prices of feed were high 
 and the original cost of cattle was above nor- 
 mal. After the bulk of the winter feeding had 
 been marketed receipts decreased rapidly, and 
 there was a corresponding improvement in the 
 condition of the market. After the strike was 
 settled there was another rush of cattle to 
 market and the fall months witnessed a marked 
 depression in the trade for all cattle that were 
 below quality. Hog raisers did not receive as 
 much for their hogs in 1904 as they did during 
 several previous years, yet prices averaged well 
 in comparison with a number of years previous. 
 Values for the year were close to a dollar less 
 I>er 100 pounds than in 1903. In July the strike 
 cut the supply nearly in two, and prices grad- 
 ually crept up until values were 60 to 80 cents 
 higher than the lowest point in May. Receipts 
 continued small during the next three months, 
 and though packers resisted the advance, values 
 increased steadily and reached the high point in 
 September, when heavy hogs sold at $4-50 to 
 $6.30 per hundred, light at $5.15 to $6.30, and 
 medium at $4.85 to $6.3714. It was at this time 
 that the packers commenced their bear cam- 
 paign in a strenuous endeavor to reduce prices 
 before the opening of the winter packing sea- 
 son. Their hammering tactics proved effective 
 and the market steadily weakened. Receipts 
 were so light in October that they were not able 
 to make much headway, but in November, when 
 supplies increased rather surprisingly, the de- 
 cline was rapid, and by the first of December 
 there had been a decrease of 50 cents on the low 
 end and $1.70 on the top end of the market 
 from the high notch in September. Over 
 4,500,000 sheep and lambs were received and 
 disposed of at prices which were entirely satis- 
 factory to flock masters. The year's contribu- 
 tion was within a few thousand of the record- 
 breaking run of 1903. Receipts were well dis- 
 tributed throughout the year. At the opening 
 of the year native sheep were selling at $1.75 
 to $4.75, mostly at $4.00 to $4.50. A strong 
 export demand added interest to the trade, and 
 was responsible to a large extent for the high 
 standard of prices which prevailed during the 
 spring months. Lamb trade was good and fol- 
 lowed closely the trend of sheep values. 
 
 There was a healthy increase over 1903 in 
 Chicago's horse trade. While total receipts for 
 the year fell about 13,000 below the record of 
 118,754 established in 1898, they showed an in- 
 crease of 500,500 over 1903. It was found that 
 prices were about the highest in the history of 
 the trade since a market was established here. 
 The average price per head in 1903 was $132.50. 
 In 1904 $135 was the average price, which 
 placed the valuation of the yecr's receipts at 
 $14,295,690, against $13,455,651 in 1903. With 
 the exception of export trade, demand was good 
 throughout the year. The record price was $660 
 for a pair of choice drafters. 
 
 Grain Trade. — With regard to grain the Chi- 
 cago Board of Trade, the greatest grain and 
 provision exchange of the world, is the market 
 to which the surplus produce of the rich farm- 
 ing lands of Illinois, Iowa and other Western 
 States are brought for distribution to all parts 
 of this country and to Europe. Not only are 
 hundreds of millions of bushels of grain 
 brought here annually, but because of the pre- 
 eminence of Chicago as a speculative market, 
 none other in the world approaching it in the 
 aggregate volume of trade in all commodities. 
 Millions of bushels of grain, bought in all parts 
 of the country at harvest time and throughout 
 the year, are hedged against by sales for future 
 delivery in the various pits of the local ex- 
 change. For years Chicago was the nal!!onal 
 gateway for the distribution of the surplus 
 food products of the West to Eastern and 
 foreign consumers, its grain reached a capacity 
 of 60,000,000 bushels, and its unapproached pre- 
 eminence in the grain trade was unquestioned 
 and easily maintained. It is still preeminent, 
 but altered conditions make it necessary at 
 times for Chicago grain-dealers to fight for 
 what used to come to them naturally. The 
 decadence of the Chicago harbor, because of 
 the tunnels under the Chicago River, which 
 make it impossible for modern lake vessels of 
 deep draft to reach the immense elevators 
 which dot its banks, has developed other grain 
 markets and diverted a large part of the grain 
 traffic of the lakes to northern ports. Only small 
 vessels carrying small cargoes can go up the 
 river; it costs more to handle grain in small 
 lots, and in these days of keen competition 
 fractions of a cent count heavily. More than 
 that, the older and smaller boats are constantly 
 wearing out and their number lessening, being 
 
768 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 always replaced by larger vessels. The growth 
 of the cattle and hog-feeding industry in the 
 West has kept a large share of the corn crop 
 in the section where it is raised, increased 
 domestic consumption largely and brought 
 about a higher range of prices, thereby limiting 
 the export demand. The development of the 
 gulf ports and favoring railroad rates have 
 diverted in that direction western grain which, 
 in former years, would have gone through Chi- 
 cago to the eastern seaboard for transhipment 
 to European buyers. Railroad discrimination 
 against Chicago in favor of other Western mar- 
 kets, which made forward strides with the 
 growth of the country, is an evil the Board of 
 Trade has set itself seriously to combat within 
 the last year. It has established a freight 
 bureau, which has already achieved good results 
 in preventing discriminations against this mar- 
 ket. For several years the purely speculative 
 department of trade on the exchange has suf- 
 fered to the benefit of other markets, because 
 the Board, with a high sense of business ethics, 
 put a stop to trading in "puts" and "calls,' 
 which was in violation of a statute of the State, 
 although no State officials seemed disposed to 
 enforce it. Either because of a change in Gov- 
 ernment methods of estimating crops, or from 
 an increase in the consumption of cereal foods 
 out of proportion to the natural increase in 
 population, or to both, the last two wheat crops 
 have been more nearly exhausted than in previ- 
 ous years. Whereas, from a crop of 522,000,000 
 bushels in 1900, 216,000,000 bushels were ex- 
 ported, from a crop of 637,000,000 bushels in 
 1903 only 120,000,000 bushels were exported, 
 and the close of the crop year, July 30, 1904, 
 found stocks reduced to an abnormally low 
 level, there being only 14,000,000 bushels in the 
 visible supply, against 30,000,000 bushels on 
 June 30, 1901. Stocks were so low, particularly 
 of choice milling wheat, that high prices pre- 
 vailed for cash wheat, the range on June 30 
 being 88 cents to |1.00. During 1904 receipts 
 of corn were 102,000,000 bushels, distributed 
 from here by lake and rail to Eastern and for- 
 eign consumers. The local receipts were more 
 than twice the total exports of the country for 
 the year. The increasing demand for corn for 
 Htock-feeding and for various industries kept 
 pace with the marketings throughout the year, 
 and high pricoR prevailed. The lowest price 
 of No. 2 corn wag 42% cents, which was touched 
 In January, and from that the price went to 
 
 581/4 cents in November. The 1904 crop had a 
 late start, and at first had an apparently poor 
 prospect, as it suffered from unseasonable 
 weather at various periods, and seemed in danger 
 of widespread damage by early frost. But an 
 exceptionally late and favorable fall permitted 
 the maturing of the entire crop, and, accord- 
 ing to the final Government report, the yield 
 reached 2,467,000,000 bushels, the finest in qual- 
 ity ever raised, and the second largest in the 
 number of bushels. With high prices prevail- 
 ing, the new crop began to move early, and dur- 
 ing November and December there was a rush 
 to market to catch the high cash premium pre- 
 vailing. High prices prevailed for oats during 
 eight months of the year, as supplies, espe- 
 cially those of good quality, were short, the 
 1903 crop having been small and of medium 
 quality. There was little attempt at manipu- 
 lation, but May oats sold as high as 46% cents 
 per bushel and no lower than Seyg cents. July 
 oats sold as high as 42% cents. Even after it 
 became reasonably certain a bumper crop had 
 been raised of exceptionally good quality, the 
 final Government figures, fixing the 1904 yield 
 at 895,000,000 bushels, prices yielded slowly, 
 owing to speculative belief in the theory that 
 farmers, having been used to high prices, would 
 market slowly. But the early movement of the 
 new crop was heavy, continuing until stocks 
 of nearly 25,000,000 bushels had been piled up 
 in the visible supply, a record-breaking total. 
 The total receipts for the calendar year in this 
 market were 73,000,000 bushels. 
 
 The year's provision trade was uneventful 
 speculatively. The best bulge came in Feb- 
 ruary, following the outbreak of the war be- 
 tween Japan and Russia. At that time May 
 pork sold to $16.67%, but prices yielded because 
 of declines in grains, good corn prospects, and, 
 finally, a liberal movement of hogs, which sold 
 under $4.50 per hundred and could be cut at a 
 good profit. Prices generally were lower than 
 the year before and speculation was spasmodic 
 and never heavy. Stocks, as usual, increased 
 liberally in the fall, and prices at the end of 
 the year were not buoyant. There was a fair 
 increase in the number of smaller independent 
 packing concerns in the West, and Western 
 packers showed a general disposition to market 
 their product in Chicago. 
 
 Board of Tuade. — The financial condition of 
 the Board of Trade at the end of the year was 
 gratifying, there being a good surplus on hand, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 769 
 
 putting the association on a sound basis. The 
 membership was 1,786 and annual dues 
 remained at $50.00, with an additional special 
 assessment of $25.00 to retire memberships 
 should they fall to $3,000 or under. The year 
 was a record one in the number of expulsions, 
 six members having lost their standing on the 
 Exchange for uncommercial conduct, while only 
 one was expelled in 1903, and three in 1902. 
 The bonded indebtedness of the Board is $1,240,- 
 000 in 4 per cent bonds. Memberships held well 
 over $3,000 the greater part of the year, open- 
 ing at $3,050 and reaching the high point in 
 March, when a sale was recorded at $3,925. The 
 low point came in May, when there was a sale 
 at $2,950. At no time did the price come within 
 $300 of the low point in 1903, and the high 
 price was $200 over the high price of the pre- 
 vious year, but $425 under the best price of 
 1902. At the close of the year the price was 
 $3,150. 
 
 Insurance Business. — In the line of insur- 
 ance the year opened for the Chicago Under- 
 writers' Association by all members renewing 
 their pledges of allegiance to the rules. This 
 had the effect of reducing violations. The 
 numerous Lloyds institutions that operated 
 from Chicago nearly all failed or stopped busi- 
 ness. The loss in ratio in Chicago for 1904 
 was about 55 per cent. The attempt to reduce 
 rates in the city was thwarted by the Baltimore 
 fire. Life insurance companies closed the year 
 with gains in every direction. The large com- 
 panies showed unprecedented records, while the 
 small and medium companies made conserva- 
 tive advances. Casualty and miscellaneous com- 
 panies started a movement to organize a 
 national board of casualty underwriters, which 
 is intended to include all classes of companies 
 other than fire and life. 
 
 Theatrical Affairs. — The theatrical year of 
 1904, so far as Chicago was concerned, was only 
 about ten months long. It can scarcely be 
 said to have begun until the end of 
 February, and the weeks that preceded the time 
 of commencement were weeks of gloom and 
 worriment for all concerned. The new year 
 found every playhouse in the city closed, and 
 it looked for a time as though the terrible 
 disaster at the Iroquois Theater in the closing 
 days of 1903 was destined to put an end to the 
 theatrical activities of Chicago. But these 
 weeks of silence and darkness saw undertaken 
 a series of costly but desirable changes in the 
 
 playhouses of the city, and 1904 ended bril- 
 liantly, leaving a supply of some twenty-five 
 theaters, which are now about as safe as the 
 most critical and detailed devising fire-fighting 
 authority can make them, and about as com- 
 fortable for play-goer and player as can be 
 found in the entire United States. The year, 
 which began in gloom and darkness, ended in 
 bright conditions and smiling prosperity. 
 
 The New Charter Question. — One of the 
 most important events in the history of Chi- 
 cago took place November 8, 1904, when an 
 amendment to the Constitution of 1870 was 
 adopted by vote of the people of Illinois. This 
 gave the General Assembly of the State the 
 power to provide "A complete system of local 
 government in and for the city of Chicago." 
 In a comprehensive article published in "The 
 World Today," Francis W. Parker says, in part: 
 "The people were led to believe that a new 
 'scheme or charter of local municipal govern- 
 ment for Chicago,' and not merely one or two 
 little remedial laws, would follow their adop- 
 tion of the amendment. Doubtless they 
 will demand fundamental and extensive 
 changes. The situation is singularly pro- 
 pitious for a great forward movement in 
 municipal government. The city's resources 
 are unimpaired. The total bonded indebtedness 
 of all local municipal corporations is approxi- 
 mately $50,000,000, and this amount is abun- 
 dantly covered by the profitable water-works; 
 the vast property, including water-power, of the 
 Drainage Canal; the school, park and library 
 property, and the public buildings. Taxes are 
 low. Population and wealth are steadily in- 
 creasing. Many sources of revenue elsewhere 
 worked are here untried. The State is without 
 debt and has an overfiowing treasury. National 
 taxation is practically imperceptible. The level 
 surface of the city is broken only by the river, 
 and hence the parks, boulevards, elevated and 
 surface railways, and exterior steam railways 
 can be easily developed as spokes and rims of 
 a series of great wheels of which the heart of 
 Chicago will be the hub. The water and sewer 
 problems seem definitely settled on broad lines, 
 good for decades to come, needing only such 
 developments as are now under way or may be 
 required. The schools, universities and libra- 
 ries, public and private, are founded and en- 
 dowed on a scale probably unsurpassed, if 
 equaled, by any other large city in the United 
 States. The essential conditions of a truly great 
 
770 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 city are, therefore, present, and no natural obstacle 
 seems to interfere with the city's growth. 
 
 Mr. Parker discusses various other questions 
 in connection with the new charter issue in 
 a conservative manner, including the number 
 of members of the City Council and the salaries 
 of the same. As to tJie former, he favors a 
 liberal representation in numbers, supporting 
 his view by comparison with the larger and 
 best governed cities of England. With refer- 
 ence to the latter question, he argues that the 
 present salary of $1,500 per annum paid to the 
 meml)ers of the City Council should not be 
 changed. He favors, however, the creation of a 
 new and more stately building for the use of 
 the City Government — one which will furnish 
 a substantial and permanent home for the 
 municipal authorities and which, In architec- 
 tural style and beauty, will be in accord with 
 the wealth and population of the city. The 
 urgency of the latter proposition has been 
 strikingly illustrated by the evidences of decay 
 which have been manifest about the present 
 City Hall within the last few months. 
 
 The subject of a new charter is pending 
 before the Legislature at the present time, the 
 manner in which it has been taken up in that 
 body indicating practical unanimity among both 
 the city and country members as to the neces- 
 sity for such a measure. While there will 
 undoubtedly be differences of opinion among 
 the members in reference to some of the minor 
 details, there is reason to believe that these 
 will be harmoniously adjusted, and that, by the 
 beginning of another year, the city of Chicago 
 will have been brought under the operation of 
 an organic law suitable to its growing wealth 
 and population and to the constantly increasing 
 importance of the measures with which, as a 
 municipality, it has to deal. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 EAItl-Y CHICAGO <K.MK'rKKIF;,S — UKATIONS OF SOUTH 
 A.NU .\OKTH HIDK lIlltlAI. (ilJOM.NDH I'lSIOU TO 
 
 1840 KIK«T Cni(A(i() (ITV CKMKTKHY NOW 
 
 I'ART OK I.I.N(OI..N I'AKK — KIRTIIKU IKMSIALH 
 TIIEKK I'KOIIIHITKI) IN 1859 — IU)S1'; IIII.I, CEME- 
 TKIIY DKDKATEr) .Jfl-V 28, 1859. 
 
 To provide with reverent reHi)f(t for the 
 r(>malnH of the dead has l)efn a cliaractoristic 
 
 of all civilized nations from the earliest times, 
 and many of the honored burial places in this 
 country will compare favorably, in respect to 
 location and adornment, with the finest and 
 most noted of those in the old world. 
 
 In the early days of Chicago, there was no 
 particular spot set apart for burial purposes, 
 each interment being made at or near the resi- 
 dence of the deceased or that of some relative. 
 Those dying within the stockade of Fort Dear- 
 born, where a majority of the inhabitants of the 
 settlement lived, were laid to rest just across 
 the line running east of the Kinzie residence. 
 Those who died with cholera in 1832, found a 
 common burial place on a lot near the north- 
 east corner of Lake Street and Wabash Avenue. 
 
 It was not until 1835, when the "Town of 
 Chicago" numbered 3,300 inhabitants, that the 
 people began to feel the need of a public bury- 
 ing ground. Two lots were selected, one on the 
 South Side near what is now Twenty-third 
 Street and the lake shore, containing sixteen 
 acres, and the other on the North Side, near 
 Chicago Avenue and east of Clark Street, con- 
 taining ten acres. As soon as these grounds 
 were platted and dedicated, interments were 
 prohibited elsewhere within the limits of the 
 "Town." 
 
 In 1840 the city became the owner of 120 acres 
 of ground in Section 33, Township 40, Range 
 14, on the lake, the southern sixty acres of 
 which were laid out and used as the "Chicago 
 City Cemetery." The South Side grounds, at 
 Twenty-third Street, having ceased to be used 
 as a cemetery after 1842, the bodies interred 
 there were subsequently transferred to the "City 
 Cemetery," as were also those buried in the 
 North Side Cemetery, near Chicago Avenue. 
 The City Cemetery was then one and a half 
 miles from town, and supposed to be sufficiently 
 remote for the purpose desired. But in 1858 
 the growing city had nearly reached it, and Dr. 
 John H. Ranch, a member of the Board of 
 Health, in a paper read before the Chicago His- 
 torical Society that year (1858), on the subject 
 of intramural interments, used this language: 
 
 "Let immediate steps be taken to prevent 
 all further interments within the corporate 
 limits, and, as soon as practicable, let arrange- 
 ments be made for the gradual removal of 
 the remains of those already interred (in the 
 Chicago Cemetery), with the ultimate view 
 of (•onvortiiiK llies(r grounds into a public 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 771 
 
 park, which shall contribute to the health, 
 pleasure and credit of our city." 
 A petition signed by a number of the influen- 
 tial citizens of Chicago was presented to the 
 Common Council, and the Council in May, 1859, 
 ordered that the sale of burial lots in said 
 grounds should cease; and, on February 15, 
 1860, arrangement was made providing for the 
 interment of such bodies as the city might 
 direct in Rose Hill Cemetery. This arrange- 
 ment, however, was not carried out, and it was 
 not until 1864 that an ordinance was passed 
 prohibiting any further burials in the Chicago 
 Cemetery. Provision was made for the removal 
 of the bodies to Rose Hill, Graceland, Calvary 
 and other cemeteries, and the land was set 
 apart for a public park, to which the name 
 "Lincoln" was given in honor of the great War 
 President, who had but recently won his crown 
 of martyrdom. 
 
 In view of the possibility of this action being 
 taken, and the rapidly growing necessities of 
 the city, which by this time numbered 100,000 
 people, several leading citizens, in connection 
 with a committee of the Common Council, were 
 appointed for the purpose of selecting a suit- 
 able site for a new cemetery. After a careful 
 survey and topographical reconnoisance of the 
 vicinity of Chicago, they selected the grounds 
 which afterwards became, and still are, known 
 as "Rose Hill Cemetery." The land is a 
 gravelly, undulating ridge from thirty to forty 
 feet above Lake Michigan, partly covered with a 
 native growth of trees of several varieties, and 
 being sufficiently above the surrounding prairie 
 to protect the lots from encroachment by water 
 at all times. It is located seven miles north 
 of the City Hall and includes five hundred 
 acres of land, of which three hundred acres are 
 platted and improved. 
 
 The company was chartered February 11, 
 1859, and the grounds dedicated with formal 
 ceremonies, in the presence of eight thousand 
 spectators, on July 28, 1859. The corner-stone 
 of the chapel was laid with Masonic rites, and 
 an address delivered by Dr. H. A. Johnson, 
 representing the Grand Master of the State. 
 The dedicating oration was delivered by Dr. J. 
 V. Z. Blaney, the first President of the Board 
 of Managers. 
 
 Rose Hill, thus auspiciously inaugurated, is 
 not only the oldest and largest "City of the 
 Dead" in the vicinity of Chicago, but one of the 
 most beautiful and highly improved. The en- 
 
 trance is built of solid stone masonry artistic 
 in design, and makes an imposing appearance. 
 
 The last resting places of not a few of Chi- 
 cago's eminent citizens, during the past, may 
 be found here. The cemetery has its own water- 
 system, derived from an artesian well 2,278 feet 
 in depth, which yields a steady and constant 
 flow of clear, pure water, affording a suflScient 
 supply for ordinary purposes. Besides this, 
 there is a connection with the city water sys- 
 tem by means of a large supply pipe. 
 
 There are three large lakes in the cemetery, 
 many beautiful and costly monuments and 
 vaults, well-kept lots and shrubbery, and exten- 
 sive greenhouses for the supply of flowers. A 
 new chapel and crypt, in connection with a 
 receiving vault, was erected in 1900. It is the 
 intention of the company to continue the im- 
 provements and beautifying of the cemetery 
 until Rose Hill shall become the most beautiful 
 cemetery in the world. 
 
 Ten per cent of the proceeds of the sale of 
 lots is reserved as a fund for the perpetual 
 care of the cemetery grounds. This fund now 
 amounts to over $100,000, and is rapidly increas- 
 ing. The interments in Rose Hill up to Jan- 
 uary, 1905, have numbered nearly 100,000. 
 
 The officers of the Cemetery Association are: 
 
 Henry L. Pitcher, President; A. W. Vercoe, 
 Secretary; W. S. Freeman, Treasurer. 
 
 Board of Managers: H. L. Pitcher, Joseph 
 Hutchinson, Clancy J. Dempster, W. S. Free- 
 man, K. V. R. Lansing, Edwin Burritt Smith, 
 Robert F. Pettibone. Superintendent in charge 
 of Greenhouses and Cemetery Grounds, Thomas 
 Wallis; Lot Salesman, Walter Chadband. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 TOWNSHIP HISTORY. 
 
 COOK COUNTY FIRST DIVIDED INTO PRECINCTS 
 
 TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION IN 1850 SUCCESSIVE 
 
 REORGANIZATIONS AND PRESENT LIST OF TOWN- 
 SHIPS POPULATION BY TOWNSHIPS IN 1900 
 
 INDIVIDUAL HISTORY OF TOWNSHIPS OUTSIDE 
 THE CITY OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The first step in the creation of iwlitical 
 divisions within the territory embraced in 
 
772 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Cook County after its organization in 1831, 
 was the division of the county (for voting 
 purposes) into precincts, of which there were 
 three at the time of the first election in March, 
 1831 — the county then embracing, in addition 
 to its present area, the counties of Lake, 
 McHenry, DuPage and Will. For the next nine- 
 teen years county affairs were managed by a 
 Board of three County Commissioners chosen 
 by a general vote. In 1840, Cook County, hav- 
 ing been reduced to its present limits, con- 
 tained fourteen precincts, but in 1845 the num- 
 ber was increased to sixteen. In April, 1850, 
 the county was organized into townships 
 (twenty-seven in number) under an act of the 
 Legislature adopted during the previous year 
 in accordance with the Constitution of 1848, 
 and the first Board of Township Supervisors 
 and other town ofl5cers were elected. Under 
 this division the city of Chicago (then consist- 
 ing of nine wards) constituted one township, 
 the other twenty-six townships being outside 
 the city limits. Of the twenty-six rural town- 
 ships, two were known, respectively, as South 
 Chicago and East and West Chicago. The 
 number of townships in the county in 1860 
 was twenty-nine, of which Chicago (then con- 
 taining ten wards) constituted one township 
 by the same name, while South and West Chi- 
 cago, having been divided, constituted two sepa- 
 rate townships under their respective names, 
 but still outside the city limits. In 1870, by 
 extended reorganizations, the county embraced 
 thirty-three townships, of which thirty were 
 outside the city of Chicago, — which was then 
 divided for township purposes, into three town- 
 ships, viz.: South Chicago, North Chicago and 
 West Chicago. The same division as to town- 
 ship organization continued until March 25, 
 1901, when the township of Stickney was orga- 
 nized by act of the Board of County Commis- 
 sioners, out of the eastern part of Lyons Town- 
 ship. On November 13, 1901, another change 
 came in the organization by the County Board 
 of three townships out of the portions of Cicero 
 Township still outside the city of Chicago. 
 These were named, respectively, Cicero, Berwyn 
 and Oak Park, each having boundaries identi- 
 cal with the villages of the same names. The 
 whole number of townships in the county at 
 the prespnt time (1904), therefore, is thlrty- 
 hIx, of which sevon (North Chicago, South Chi- 
 cago and WfHl f'hifago. Hyde Park, l>ake, Lake 
 Vlfw and .I^'fTfrson ) are wholly, and five more 
 
 (Calumet, Evanston, Maine, Niles and Nor- 
 wood Park) are partly, within the limits of the 
 city of Chicago. Below will be found the 
 population of the county by minor divisions, 
 as shown by the census of 1900 — Stickney 
 
 Township then constituting a part of Lyons, 
 and Berwyn and Oak Park part of Cicero Town- 
 ship. 
 
 City of Chicago (including the towns 
 of North Chicago, South Chicago, 
 West Chicago, Hyde Park, Lake, 
 Lake View, and Jefferson, and parts 
 of Calumet, Cicero, EVanston, Maine, 
 
 Niles and Norwood Park) 1,698,575 
 
 Barrington Township 1,814 
 
 Berwyn Township, included in Cicero 
 
 Township 
 
 Bloom Township 7,120 
 
 Bremen Township 1,881 
 
 Calumet Township, portion outside of 
 
 City of Chicago 6,162 
 
 Cicero Township (including Oak Park 
 
 and Berwyn) 16,310 
 
 Elk Grove Township 1,208 
 
 Evanston Township 18,721 
 
 Hanover Township 1,657 
 
 Lemont Township 4,441 
 
 Leyden Township 2,270 
 
 Lyons Township (including Stickney 
 
 Township) 8,350 
 
 Maine Township, portion outside city 
 
 of Chicago 5,161 
 
 New Trier Township 7,299 
 
 Niles Township, portion outside of 
 
 Chicago 4,030 
 
 Northfield Township 2,323 
 
 Norwood Park Township 3,447 
 
 Oak Park Township, included in Cicero 
 
 Township 
 
 Orland Township 1,296 
 
 Palatine Township 2,074 
 
 Palos Township 1,074 
 
 Proviso Township 15,498 
 
 Rich Township 1,421 
 
 Riverside Township 1,652 
 
 Schaumburg Township 1,003 
 
 Stickney Township, included in Lyons 
 
 Township 
 
 Thornton Township 14,933 
 
 Wheeling Township 2,984 
 
 Worl li Township 6,031 
 
 Total for Cook County 1,838,735 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 773 
 
 While the affairs of the county are controlled 
 by a Board of fifteen Commissioners (ten for 
 the city of Chicago and five for the outlying 
 townships) , elected by general vote for a period 
 of two years, the internal affairs of each town- 
 ship are under the direction of the same class 
 of officers — viz.: a Supervisor, Town Clerk, 
 Assessor, and Collector — as in other counties 
 under township organization, except as to the 
 city of Chicago, where, under the provisions of 
 an act, approved May 11, 1901, the powers 
 vested in Town Officers are exercised by the 
 City Council. 
 
 (The history of the townships embraced 
 within the city of Chicago has already been 
 treated with sufficient detail in connection with 
 the history of Chicago. The history of the 
 outlying townships is given separately in the 
 following pages.) 
 
 HARRINGTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Harrington Township occupies an entire con- 
 gressional township (42 North, Range 9 East) 
 is the extreme northwestern township of Cook 
 County, bounded on the north by Lake County, 
 east by the town of Palatine, south by Schaum- 
 burg and Hanover and west by Kane County. 
 The surface of the country is generally rolling 
 and somewhat elevated, the soil being a rich 
 prairie loam. About one-fourth of the area was 
 originally covered with timber, the rest being 
 prairie. Settlers began to locate here about 
 1834, the first to arrive being Jesse F. Miller, 
 and William Van Ersdal, who came during that 
 year. The first frame house in the township was 
 erected by L. W. Kingsley in 1841. The town- 
 ship of Barrington was formally organized in 
 April, 1850, under the general law passed by 
 the Legislature during the previous year. A 
 number of the early settlers having emigrated 
 from the vicinity of Great Barrington, gave 
 the name Barrington to their new home. The 
 town had its present dimensions from the start. 
 and in these there have been no changes to the 
 present time. 
 
 Barrington, the only incorporated village in 
 Barrington Township, on the Wisconsin Divis- 
 ion of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, 
 is located in the extreme northeastern corner 
 of the township, part of the village being in 
 Lake County. A postoffice was established near 
 here on the Lake County side in 1853, but in 
 1855 was removed to Barrington, with John 
 
 Porter as Postmaster. The village was laid 
 out by Robert Campbell in 1854, and the rail- 
 road having been built through it, the depot 
 was located here a few months afterwards. 
 The first house in the town was built by Eben 
 Conant about 1850, and for a number of years 
 this was the only house in the place. The first 
 step towards incorporation was taken in 1863, 
 and two years later the village was incorpo- 
 rated by special act of the Legislature, having 
 a population at that time of about 300. In 
 1872 the village government was reincorporated 
 under the general act for the incorporation of 
 towns, cities and villages. Barrington has a 
 good school system with modern buildings, and 
 the principal religious denominations are repre- 
 sented in good church edifices. There is also a 
 post of the Grand Army of the Republic and 
 a lodge of A. F. & A. M. here. 
 
 The population of Barrington Township in 
 1900 was 1,814, of which 770 was in Barrington 
 village. A portion of the village lying in Cuba 
 Township, Lake County, increases the totaj 
 population to 1,162. 
 
 BLOOM TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Bloom Township, in the southeast corner of 
 Cook County, comprises the whole of Town 35 
 N., R. 14 E., with a strip two miles wide by 
 six long (twelve sections) in Town 35 N., 15 E. 
 Its entire area, therefore, is equal to one and 
 one-third congressional townships. The town- 
 ship is bounded on the north by Thornton 
 Township, east by Lake County, Ind., south by 
 Will County and west by Rich Township. Pre- 
 vious to its organization with its present boun- 
 daries in April, 1850, it composed a part of 
 Thornton Precinct. It is crossed by several 
 small tributaries of the Calumet which, while 
 affording ample natural drainage, in its origi- 
 nal state presented a pleasing prospect of vary- 
 ing surface diversified by alternating woods 
 and prairie land. During the past generation 
 this has been changed into cultivated farms, 
 while a number of villages have sprung up in 
 different parts of the township. The township 
 is touched on its northeastern corner by the 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk and the Pittsburg 
 & Fort Wayne Railroads, and at the northwest 
 corner by the Illinois Central, while the Chi- 
 cago & Eastern Illinois passes through the cen- 
 ter section from north to south and the Joliet 
 
774 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 Division of the Michigan Central from east to 
 west, two miles from the southern boundary. 
 
 Chicago Heights, originally named Thorn- 
 ton Grove and still later known as Bloom vil- 
 lage, is one of the largest villages in the south- 
 ern part of Cook County, being credited in 1900 
 with a population of 5,100. It is situated at 
 the junction of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois 
 and the Joliet Division of the Michigan Central 
 Railroad, twenty-six and a half miles south of 
 the central part of the city of Chicago. The 
 first white settlers in this locality were mem- 
 bers of the Wells family who came in the spring 
 of 1833, but removed west with the Indians 
 about 1836. Other early settlers were Samuel 
 Sloam and Morris Murphy, who came in 1835, 
 the latter establishing the first store at Bloom. 
 Benjamin Butterfield, who came from New 
 York State to Lockport, Will County, in 1831, 
 removed to Bloom in 1834, and was one of the 
 first Justices of the Peace in Thornton Precinct. 
 Adam Brown came soon after the Wells family, 
 already mentioned, and built a cabin at the 
 intersection of the Vincennes and the Sac Trail 
 Roads. In 1840 Mr. Brown is said to have 
 planted an orchard and built the first frame 
 barn in that section. According to Andreas' 
 History of Cook County, a number of new 
 arrivals took place in 1836, including Timothy 
 Smith from Indiana, James Bell from Ken- 
 tucky, John Hume from Michigan, besides John 
 and Robert Wallace, John McEldowney, Sr., 
 and family, John Call, Caleb Sweet, John 
 McCoy and others. The name of the village 
 was changed in 1849 from Thorn to Bloom 
 — the English spelling for Bluhm — in deference 
 to the wishes of the German settlers in honor 
 of Robert Bluhm, the patriot who was exe- 
 cuted at Vienna in 1848. The first plat of the 
 village of Bloom was made in 1863. The 
 growth of Chicago Heights, the name by which 
 the locality is now known, has taken place 
 almost entirely within the last ten years. 
 
 Glenwood, a station three miles north of 
 Chicago Heights, on the Chicago & Eastern 
 Illinois Railroad, was originally known as 
 Hickory Bend. This locality was settled about 
 1846, and the vjliage was laid out by Job Camp- 
 l)ell and Florls Young In 1871. A postofllce 
 was e«tabll8hed here the same year. 
 
 A village and railway station named Steger, 
 on the Chicago & EJastern Illinois Railroad, 
 two miles south of Chicago Helght.a, is situated 
 on the southern border of the township, one- 
 
 half being in Will County and the other half 
 being in Bloom Township. The population of 
 the portion of the village in Bloom Township, 
 in 1900 was 357. The population of Bloom 
 Township in 1890 was 1,514, against 7,120 in 
 1900, — the growth in the intervening ten years 
 being due almost entirely to the development 
 of Chicago Heights village. 
 
 BREMEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Bremen Township embracing the area origi- 
 nally included in Town 36 North, Range 13 East, 
 was organized with its present dimensions in 
 April, 1850, having at that time a population 
 of 250. Previous to this date it was included 
 with Worth, Orland, Palos and Lemont Town- 
 ships in York Precinct. As now constituted it 
 is bounded on the north by Worth Township, 
 east by Thornton, south by Rich and west by 
 Orland. The surface is diversified, consisting 
 of undulating prairie alternated with groves of 
 timber, the soil being a rich loam, character- 
 istic of the Calumet River region. 
 
 Among the early settlers were the Barton, 
 Noble, Newman and Crandall families, although 
 the exact date of their arrival is not known. 
 John F. Coyne came in 1842, and located on a 
 farm in the vicinity of Bremen village in the 
 southwest quarter of the township. His son, 
 John Coyne, Jr., was the first Postmaster in 
 that section, and afterwards served many years 
 as Town Clerk. Dr. Ballard, also an early set- 
 tler, was the first physician in this part of the 
 country, opened the first store in Bremen vil- 
 lage, and later was Postmaster there. A Mr. 
 Cooper, who came here in the thirties, is 
 believed to have erected the first cabin in the 
 township in the edge of what was known as 
 Cooper's Grove, a mile or so northeast of Bre- 
 men village. (This was on the line of the road 
 from Chicago to Joliet, and was known before 
 the days of the railroads as the "Old Stage 
 House.") The first house in Bremen village 
 was built by a Mr. Swan abont 1842. Another 
 early settler in this locality was Thomas Hitt, 
 who came from Rochester, N. Y., and is said 
 to have planted the first fruit orchard in that 
 section. The first religious meetings in the 
 settlement were held by the Metho<lists in 1842 
 at the house of Frank Mynards three miles 
 north of Bremen; the first school was taught 
 In the same locality by a Mrs. Robinson in 1852, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 775 
 
 and the first school house is said to have been 
 erected in Bremen village in 1863. This vil- 
 lage, which is located on the line of the Chi- 
 cago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, as its 
 name would indicate, was originally settled by 
 Germans and Hollanders. The station is now 
 called Finley Park, and is credited, according 
 to the census of 1900, with a population of 300. 
 Rexford, another station on the same road, is 
 situated in the northwestern quarter of the 
 township. The total population of the town- 
 ship in 1900 was 1,881. The people are engaged 
 almost solely in agriculture. 
 
 CALUMET AND WORTH TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 Calumet Township, embracing the western 
 half of Congressional Township 3 North, Range 
 14' East, constituted a part of Hyde Park Town- 
 ship until March 5, 1867, when it was set apart 
 with its present area. By successive annexa- 
 tions, commencing with April 1, 1890, nearly 
 two-thirds of its territory have been brought 
 within the limits of the city of Chicago, com- 
 posing the southwestern part of the city, leav- 
 ing about seven sections outside of the city 
 with irregular boundaries. It comprises within 
 its borders parts of the city of Blue Island, and 
 the villages of Morgan Park and Riverdale, of 
 which portions of the two first named are situ- 
 ated in Worth Township, west of Calumet and 
 the third one in Thornton Township on the 
 south. Owing to the close relation of Calumet 
 and Worth Township, in consequence of the loca- 
 tion within their boundaries of two of the 
 most important towns in the county, it becomes 
 necessary to treat them 'in connection with 
 each other. 
 
 Worth Township, in the central southern 
 division of Cook County, comprises an area 
 of 36 square miles, identical with Town 37 
 North, Range 13 East. It is a rich agricultural 
 region traversed by Stony Creek, which dis- 
 charges its waters into the Calumet, a mile east 
 of Blue Island. Before the organization of 
 Cook County into townships in 1850, Worth 
 constituted a part of what was then known as 
 York Precinct, including the towns of Worth, 
 Bremen, Palos, Orland and Lemont. The town- 
 ship was organized April 2, 1850, with its pres- 
 ent limits. 
 
 Blue Island was one of the first settled por- 
 tions of Cook County outside of the city of Chi- 
 
 cago. Its picturesque and elevated site 
 attracted settlers at an early day, and the place 
 is reported to have received its name from the 
 impression made upon a party of hunters, that 
 the high ground rising above the mist, then 
 covering the valley of the Calumet and Stony 
 Creek, was an island. Peter Barton platted the 
 village in 1837, and he and Norman Rexford, 
 another early settler, laid out the highway now 
 known as Vincennes Avenue. Rexford was the 
 first settler in this immediate vicinity, having 
 located at what was first called Longwood, now 
 in the northern part of Blue Island corporation, 
 where he erected a comfortable dwelling, which 
 became widely known as the Rexford Hotel. 
 Heber S. Rexford, a brother of Norman, who 
 had come to Chicago in 1832, was also an early 
 settler here, making his home with his brother. 
 Heber S. Rexford was County Treasurer of 
 Cook County at the time of the great fire in 
 1871, and his brother Norman died at his home 
 in Blue Island in 1883. John Britton, a black- 
 smith, came in 1837, and Jermanicus Cooley in 
 1839. The first death in the town was that of 
 a Mr. Wilson, who had settled there in 1837 
 and died in 1838. The first marriage was that 
 of Uriah Wentworth to the widow Boardman, 
 which occurred at the house of Stephen Rex- 
 ford, a Justice of the Peace. 
 
 Blue Island first received the name of "Port- 
 land" from its founder, Mr. Barton; but in 
 1838 a postofflce was established here under 
 the name of "Worth," with Norman Rexford as 
 Postmaster. In the fall of 1872 a village cor- 
 poration was organized under the present name, 
 and in the spring of 1902, a city form of gov- 
 ernment was adopted. Blue Island has a supe- 
 rior water-works system for an interior town, 
 and is well provided with gas and electric 
 lighting systems. The main lines of the Chi- 
 cago, Rock Island & Pacific and the Chicago & 
 Grand Trunk railroads and a spur-line operated 
 by the Illinois Central furnish the place with 
 ample railroad facilities, besides which it is 
 reached by a trolley line from the city of 
 Chicago. As a consequence a number of im- 
 portant manufacturing enterprises have been 
 established here during the past few years. 
 The total population of the city, according to 
 the census of 1900, was 6.114, of which 2,501 
 was within Calumet Township and 3,613 in 
 Worth Township. 
 
 Morgan Park, one of the most charming 
 residence suburbs of the city of Chicago, thir- 
 
776 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 teen miles south of the central part of the 
 city, is reached by the Chicago, Rock Island 
 & Pacific Railroad and a branch of the Chicago 
 and Blue Island trolley line. Morgan Park 
 was a part of Blue Island until 1869, when it 
 was set apart as an independent village. 
 Thomas Morgan was the original proprietor of 
 the principal portion of the village site, and 
 from him It took its name. The following 
 explanation has been given by a Mrs. Green- 
 acre of the name "Horse Thief Hollow," by 
 which this locality was known forty years ago. 
 Near the hill on which Morgan Park is situ- 
 ated, and a little south, is a deep and exceed- 
 ingly steep ravine. This, in early times, was 
 covered with long grass and thick underbrush, 
 and was not only a very discreet hiding place, 
 but a very formidable fortress for horse thieves. 
 These notable gentry were rather nocturnal in 
 their habits, as they traveled during the night 
 and in the day they were wont to refresh them- 
 selves in Horse Thief Hollow. * * * The 
 farmers were confident of the character of this 
 den, having found in it bags of oats and other 
 commodities which proved the use of the ravine 
 for horse-thieves. The bottom of the ravine 
 was stamped into mire by horse hoofs, and 
 once in a while they would find a horse-shoe. 
 The farmers watched these gentry and proved 
 for themselves the purpose of their frequent 
 visitations. The horse-thieves generally trav- 
 eled by the aid of a buggy, in which they kept 
 all the utensils necessary for their business. 
 Such were the guests who frequented our 
 suburb as late as 1863. * * * The wolves 
 were especially plentiful, and as a matter of 
 course they were mostly engaged in sheep 
 traffic to the annoyance of the farmers." 
 
 If this is a correct description of the locality 
 about Morgan Park, it is evident that it has 
 changed materially in the last forty years, as 
 It is now not only the home of a respectable 
 community but the site of several important 
 Institutions, including the academy or prepara- 
 tory department of the University of Chicago, 
 the Scandinavian Baptist Seminary connected 
 with the same institution, and the Morgan Park 
 Military Academy. These institutions have 
 been furnished with ample and imposing build- 
 IngH. The total population of Morgan Park 
 In 1900 wai» 2,329, of which 2,157 was In Calu- 
 met Township, the remainder being In Worth. 
 
 WaKhlngton Heights, formerly a village of 
 Calumet Township, north of and adjacent to 
 
 Morgan Park, was annexed to the city of Chi- 
 cago in 1890. 
 
 Riverdale, a small village situated on the 
 southern line of Calumet Township, lies partly 
 in Calumet and partly in Thornton, the next 
 township south. In Worth Township there are 
 the small villages of Evergreen Park and Mt. 
 Greenwood, the former having a population 
 (1900) of 445, and the latter of 190. 
 
 The total population of Calumet Township 
 in 1900 was 6,162, being almost entirely com- 
 prised within the several villages within its 
 borders, while that of Worth Township was 
 6,031, of which about one-fourth is in the rural 
 districts. Between 1890 and 1900 the popula- 
 tion of Calumet Township increased about 50 
 per cent, while the increase in Worth Town- 
 ship was nearly 80 per cent. 
 
 THE CITY OF BLUE ISLAND. 
 
 BY M. C. EAMES. 
 
 Location and Surroundings. — The City of 
 Blue Island lies sixteen miles south of the Cook 
 County Court House, Chicago. Western Avenue, 
 of Chicago, extended southward, becomes the 
 center street of Blue Island. Its territory 
 embraces about three square miles, about 
 equally divided between the Townships of Cal- 
 umet and Worth, and touching Thornton and 
 Bremen on the south. At the southeast corner, 
 it touches the Little Calumet River, to which 
 point the river is navigable for lake vessels. 
 The population of the city, according to the 
 census of 1900, was 6,174. At the present date 
 (1905) it may be conservatively estimated at 
 8,000. 
 
 Transportation Facilities. — The location of 
 the city is well adapted to a suburban home, 
 and the superior facilities for transportation 
 leave little to be desired in that respect, as well 
 as its advantages for becoming a prosperous 
 manufacturing city. Five railroads pass through 
 the city. The Rock Island System furnishes 
 unexcelled suburban service, Blue Island being 
 the terminus of its suburban business. This 
 line runs thirty-five trains to Chicago daily, the 
 time required being about 45 minutes each way. 
 
 The Grand Trunk, besides its through trains, 
 runs twelve local trains. 
 
 The Illinois Central has a branch line over 
 which are run seventeen express trains daily 
 each way, making the time to Randolph Street 
 50 minutes. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 777 
 
 The Chicago Terminal Transfer Company 
 runs twelve trains. 
 
 In the matter of railroad business, in addi- 
 tion to general transfers — which are, as a mat- 
 ter of course from the railroad center — the 
 Rock Island System makes this the eastern ter- 
 minus of its freight business. All transfers 
 for the East are made here, and all freight 
 trains are here made up. The yard room 
 required for this business is over 160 acres, and 
 the number of men- employed about 400. 
 
 The Belt Line service is conducted by the 
 Chicago Junction Railway Company. 
 
 In addition to the suburban service by the 
 steam railways already mentioned, the cars of 
 the Electric Traction Company are in constant 
 operation, connecting by surface line with the 
 heart of the City of Chicago almost as quickly 
 as the steam roads. 
 
 A Little History. — Before the days of rail- 
 roads, the beautiful wooded ridge upon which 
 the city of Blue Island stands attracted the 
 attention of travelers and home-seekers. From 
 the low lands of Chicago, and the fishing 
 grounds of the Calumet, the elevation of fifty 
 feet — high and dry, and covered with the beau- 
 tiful forest trees — was a tempting spot, inviting 
 early settlement. On the flat between the ridge 
 and the Calumet River, the point on the gov- 
 ernment survey marked, "head of navigation," 
 there was laid out by Peter Barton the plat of 
 a village called Portland, in the year 1835. 
 The feeder of the Illinois and Michigan Canal 
 was ta be (and was, later) supplied by a dam 
 built at this point. It was thought that the 
 lake commerce by the Calumet and the inland 
 commerce by the feeder, which was planned to 
 be enlarged into a water-way equal to the canal, 
 would make this location of wonderful commer- 
 cial value. These expectations were never to 
 be realized, however, as the construction of the 
 railroads spoiled these early calculations. The 
 Rock Island swung its line away from the river 
 and built its depot close to the hill, and Port- 
 land was forgotten. But how about the future? 
 From this very point will issue the deep water- 
 cut that is to connect the Calumet and the 
 Drainage Canal, and the next generation may 
 see the realization of that commerce which a 
 former generation dreamed of. 
 
 Local Improvements. — In respect to water 
 supply, sewerage and lighting facilities. Blue 
 Island possesses advantages enjoyed by few 
 other cities of its size. The water supply is ob- 
 
 tained from two artesian wells, each of the depth 
 of 1,400 feet. The supply is ample for present 
 necessities, but the day is not far distant when 
 an additional supply will be needed to satisfy 
 the ever-increasing demand of a growing pop- 
 ulation. It is generally believed that the 
 fountain can never be exhausted. The water is 
 absolutely pure and, judging from its source, 
 can never be contaminated with disease germs. 
 The waterworks are managed by the municipal 
 authorities, the power plant being situated at 
 the corner of Vermont Street and Greenwood 
 Avenue, virtually the highest point in the city. 
 The water mains laid are over twenty-eight 
 miles in extent. There are 218 fire hydrants, 
 and the head is sufficient to fiood the highest 
 buildings. For fire fighting this is supple- 
 mented by three volunteer fire companies, one 
 steam and one chemical engine. The same 
 power used for pumping is utilized to run an 
 electric-lighting plant, for street use, and inci- 
 dentally to supply private use as well. There 
 are 108 arc-lamps used for street lighting, 
 besides a few incandescents. 
 
 A complete system of sewerage was estab- 
 lished in 1891, with a six-foot main, discharging 
 into the Calumet River at Division Street. Of 
 this sewer over twenty miles have been com- 
 pleted, and the building progresses every year. 
 
 The Northwestern Gas-Light and Coke Com- 
 pany have put their supply pipes into nearly 
 every street, so the choice between electricity 
 and gas for lighting purposes is given to all. 
 
 The main streets are paved, mostly with vitri- 
 fied brick; the sidewalks are (or are to be) 
 wholly of cement. 
 
 Churches, Schools, etc. — There are ten 
 churches in the city with buildings and organi- 
 zation complete, and at least two in the form- 
 ative process. 
 
 The German Lutheran Church was organized 
 January 23, 1863, with seventy-five members. 
 Rev. M. Ranniker being the first pastor. A 
 substantial house of worship was built of stone 
 and dedicated October 24th of the following 
 year. The church has since been enlarged and 
 beautified, and a chime of bells added. The 
 present pastor (1905) is Rev. Henry Doermann. 
 Connected with the church there is a graded 
 parochial school with 125 pupils. 
 
 The Evangelical Friedens Church (German) 
 was organized June 11, 1893, with G. Adolph 
 Neidergesaess pastor, and a substantial brick 
 church was erected during the succeeding year. 
 
778 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 This church has a school of fifty pupils receiv- 
 ing general instruction. 
 
 The German Methodist Church was organized 
 in the year 1854, with twenty-seven members. 
 Rev. F. Kopp was the first pastor. A church 
 edifice was built in 1855 on Henry Street. The 
 present church building was erected on Ver- 
 mont Street at the head of Henry, in the year 
 1891, at a cost of $5,000. The present member- 
 ship is about 120. Rev. C. H. Hedler is the 
 pastor. 
 
 The Congregational Church was organized in 
 1861. Rev. Henry Hammond supplying the pul- 
 pit. Rev. Lemuel Foster succeeded to the pas- 
 torate, serving over ten years. A new church 
 edifice was erected in the year 1901. Rev. Mr. 
 Bessey is the present pastor. 
 
 The Universalist Society was organized in 
 1855, holding its meetings- at first in the school 
 house, then in Massey's hall until 1865, when 
 the present church building was erected at a 
 cost of $5,000. This building has been raised, 
 and a substantial basement of stone construc- 
 tion finished off for parlor and Sunday school 
 rooms. Rev. Francis B. Bishop is the pastor at 
 the present time. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church Society was 
 organized August, 1873. A house of worship 
 was completed and dedicated October 24, 1874. 
 The pulpit was first supplied by Revs. Frank M. 
 Bristol and George Chase, who were succeeded 
 for many years by students from the Garrett 
 Biblical Institute. Rev. W. O. Shepperd was the 
 first settled pastor. A fine brick church was 
 erected in 1895, during the pastorate of Rev. W. 
 B. Slaughter, at a cost of about $11,000. In the 
 year 1904 the church reports a membership of 
 228, with a Sabbath School of 350. Rev. H. G. 
 Warren is pastor. 
 
 The Catholic Church has held services here 
 continuously since 1854, being in the special 
 charge of the Benedictine Fathers from St. 
 Joseph Church, Chicago. In 1861 the first 
 church building was erected and a day-school 
 for both sexes established. The present church, 
 by far the most imposing in the city of Blue 
 Island, was erected in 1890, at a cost of $40,000. 
 F'athers F. A. Rempe and William Dettmer 
 have pastoral charge of the parish. A flourish- 
 ing Hchool — an eight-grade grammar-school — is 
 here conducted by the Sisters of Notre Dame, 
 and, in a<lditlon to the public-school course, 
 muflir and type-wrlllng are taught. The pres- 
 ent attendance Ib over 200. 
 
 The first school-house in Blue Island was 
 built in the year 1848, located on the site of 
 the present Central School buildings, on Maple 
 Avenue from Vermont to New Street. Daniel 
 Barnard, Mr. Hamilton and Miss Perkins taught 
 in this building. A brick school-house was 
 erected on this ground in 1855, which was 
 enlarged and added to in 1867 to accommodate 
 the Cook County Normal School, which was 
 organized and housed here and brought to a 
 successful state, under the direction of D. S. 
 Wentworth, the Principal. It was then lifted 
 by the County Board — much to the regret of our 
 citizens and, as many thought, in violation of 
 the express agreement under which the school 
 was received and nourished here into vigorous 
 life — and removed to its present location, Engle- 
 wood. The building, however, was greatly 
 needed for school purposes and is still in use. 
 In addition to the graded school a High School 
 was established about this time and is now in 
 successful operation. 
 
 The school buildings are of the most substan- 
 tial and approved style, except those first built; 
 and most of the modern improvements have 
 been added to them. They are named: Sey- 
 mour, Whittier, DeWitt, Greenwood and San- 
 ders, respectively. Professor J. E. Lemon is 
 Superintendent, with a corps of twenty-eight 
 teachers for the grammar school and five for 
 the high school departments. The enrollment 
 for all the graded schools is over 1,300, and for 
 the high school, over 100. 
 
 Public Library. — The generosity of private 
 citizens established and conducted a library for 
 some years prior to 1896, when it was turned 
 over to the municipal authorities and has since 
 been conducted by them. A donation of $15,000 
 was accepted from that public benefactor, 
 Andrew Carnegie, for the erection of a suit- 
 able building, and thereupon a beautiful library 
 building was erected on York Street, at a total 
 expense of $25,000. 
 
 Halls and Societies. — As for public halls, 
 there is The Blue Island Opera House and the 
 beautiful hall of the Blue Island Leiderkranz. 
 In these days of fraternal Sdcieties, Blue Island 
 is not in the back-ground; every society known 
 to modern man — or woman either, for that mat- 
 ter — has found lodgment and encouragement 
 here. They have their halls, of course, and 
 their due amount of vitality. It would be 
 invidious to mention some and not all, so your 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 779 
 
 compiler will be content to say all are well 
 housed and flourishing. 
 
 Business axd Manufacturing Concerns. — 
 While Blue Island is emphatically a suburban 
 city, drawing its nourishment from the great 
 city of which it is but a part (Chicago), besides 
 the necessity of supplying the wants of the 
 community with the ordinary store and mar- 
 ket commodities, there are some other business 
 ventures that seem to require notice, or at least 
 enumeration. 
 
 In a financial way The Commercial Bank of 
 Zacharias, McCord & Co. is a public institution. 
 The Gilbert & Bennett Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, for the manufacture of wire-netting and 
 like commodities, employs 150 men. 
 
 The Chicago Copper Refining Company has 
 its works at the corner of Division Street and 
 Burr Oak Avenue. 
 
 Mention has already been made of the yards 
 and freight transfer system of the Rock Island 
 Railroad. 
 
 The Northwestern Gas Light & Coke Com- 
 pany, supplying Harvey, Morgan Park, and out- 
 lying towns, has its headquarters and manufac- 
 turing plant here. The trust known as The 
 Illinois Brick Company operates five large yards 
 surrounding and touching Blue Island, although 
 none are within the city limits. 
 
 Municipal Organization. — The Postoffice — 
 that point of demarcation between the wilder- 
 ness and civilization — was established in the 
 year 1838. Norman Rexford was the first Post- 
 master. In the year 1894 a free delivery sys- 
 tem was established. F. C. Kile is the present 
 Postmaster (1905). 
 
 For many years without form of organization 
 other than that furnished by State and Town- 
 ship laws, the village grew and thrived; but in 
 the year 1872 a petition was submitted and 
 authority granted by Judge Wallace, to hold an 
 election for the purpose of deciding whethei 
 the village should be incorporated under the 
 State laws, and on August 27th of that year it 
 was decided, by a vote of 99 to 13, to organize 
 the village of Blue Island. On October 2Cth the 
 first Board of Trustees was elected, consisting 
 of Richard McClaughrey, Ludwig Krueger, 
 Jacob Apple, Walter P. Roache and Benjamin 
 Sanders. Successive Presidents of the Board 
 have been as follows: Benjamin Sanders, 
 1872-74; George Luchtemeyer, 1874-75; Benja- 
 min Sanders, 1875-78; J. P. Young, 1878-80; 
 Christian Krueger, 1880-83; M. C. Fames, 
 
 1883-84; Christian Krueger, 1884-90; Jacob F. 
 Rehm, 1890-93; Everett Rexford, 1893-94; J. L. 
 Zacharias, 1894-1901. 
 
 A change from village to city organization 
 was effected by a vote taken June 1, 1901. The 
 first Mayor elected was J. L. Zacharias, and he 
 is the present Mayor, January 1, 1905. At this 
 date the following are the Board of Aldermen: 
 First Ward — George England, Harry Rohrback; 
 Second Ward — L. Whitson, A. F. Heintz; Third 
 Ward — A. G. Kern, V. B. Schriber; Fourth 
 Ward— W. D. Henke, C. R. Foster; Fifth Ward 
 — G. A. Warren, Max Gese. F. A. Homan has 
 been Clerk of village and city continuously 
 since 1883. 
 
 There has been one addition to the limits of 
 the City of Blue Island since its organization. 
 By vote in the spring of 1903, a territory of 
 about one-half square mile, and containing 
 about 800 inhabitants, was annexed. This ter- 
 ritory is bounded by Division, Vermont and 
 Wood Streets and Burr Oak Avenue. 
 
 CICERO, BERWYN AND OAK PARK TOWN- 
 SHIPS. 
 The Town of Cicero, organized June 23, 1857, 
 with an area of six miles square (Town 39, 
 North, Range 13 E.) has been reduced by suc- 
 cessive annexations to the city of Chicago and 
 the setting off of new townships until at the 
 present time (1903) it embraces only five and 
 one-quarter sections. The town was organized 
 as a municipal corporation under a special act 
 of the Legislature in 1867, which was amended 
 in 1869, and under the charter thus created the 
 coporation has existed ever since. The first 
 annexation to the city of Chicago took place in 
 1869, when nearly twelve sections — a district 
 two miles wide from east to west by six miles 
 long from north to south — were cut off from the 
 eastern portion of the township. Two other 
 annexations in April and June, 1889, took off 
 another strip of six sections from the eastern 
 side of the township, and in 1899 four and 
 three-quarter sections more from the northern 
 part of the township were added to the city. 
 Again, on Nov. 13, 1901, by act of the Board of 
 County Commissioners, three and a half sec- 
 tions were set apart from the northwestern 
 part of Cicero Township under the name of 
 Oak Park Township, and three and three-quar- 
 ter sections, in the southwest corner of the 
 
78o 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 original township, under the name of Berwyn, 
 reducing Cicero Township to its present limits. 
 
 Among the early settlers of Cicero Town- 
 ship, as it was originally organized, were 
 George Scoville, H. H. Palmer, James W. Sco- 
 ville, Reuben Whaples. John Beaver, William 
 H. Scoville, Joel G. Phillips, B. F. Livingstone, 
 Joseph Kettlestrings, Peter Crawford, H. P. 
 Flower, Ives Scoville, H. G. Hurd and 
 Gilbert Crawford, who constituted the full 
 list of voters at the first election in 1857. 
 Joseph Kettlestrings has the credit of hav- 
 ing been the first settler in what is now 
 the village of Oak Park, locating there 
 In 1833, and buying his land from the Govern- 
 ment in 1835. Reuben Whaples, already men- 
 tioned, was another early settler, arriving in 
 1845. Henry W. Austin came in 1856, became 
 an extensive land-owner and in 1865 laid out 
 the village which bore his name but is now em- 
 oraced within the city of Chicago. The portion 
 of Cook County embraced within the original 
 Cicero Township is one of the most populous 
 and progressive surburban districts adjacent to 
 the city of Chicago, the three townships of 
 Cicero, Oak Park and Berwyn having a popula- 
 tion, according to the census of 1900, of 16,310. 
 
 The boundaries of Oak Park and Berwyn 
 Townships are both identical with the villages 
 of the same name. Both are what are called 
 "dry towns" and are choice residence suburbs. 
 Berwyn village was incorporated in 1890, being 
 named by P. S. Eustis, after the Berwyn Hills 
 In Wales. 
 
 Other villages, originally included within the 
 limits of Cicero Township, but now embraced 
 within the city of Chicago, are Ridgeland, Cen- 
 tral Park, Moreland and Brighton Park. The 
 village of Hawthorne became a part of Stickney 
 Township, of which it forms the extreme north- 
 western part. 
 
 ELK GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Elk Grove, the middle town of the second 
 tier in the northern part of Cook County, con- 
 sists of a fractional congressional township (41 
 North, Range 11 East) containing a little over 
 thirty full sections of land with several frac- 
 tional sections on the northern border. It is 
 bounded on the north by Palatine and Wheeling 
 Townships, east by Maine, south by Addison 
 TownHhIp In DuPage County and west by 
 
 Schaumburg. The surface is for the most part 
 undulating prairie drained by Salt Creek on 
 the west and two other branches of the Des- 
 plaines River in the eastern portion. The 
 Township receives its name from Elk Grove, so 
 named by the Indians. The first white settler 
 is said to have been Dr. Frederick T. Miner, 
 who built the first house in the central part 
 of the township in the spring of 1834. Others 
 who came the same year were J. A. Barnes, 
 Leander Collins, Caleb Lamb, Thomas Smith, 
 John Whiting, George A. Knowles, Aaron 
 Miner and F. W. Page, while Mark Morse, 
 Ashbel Miner and Silas Wheeler came during 
 the next year. The township was organized 
 with its present limits in April, 1850, and has 
 remained unchanged to the present time. A 
 postofflce was established at Elk Grove, prob- 
 ably as early as 1838, with Frederick T. Miner, 
 the original settler as Postmaster. Mt. Pros- 
 pect, a station on the Wisconsin Division of 
 the Chicago & Northwestern Road, twenty 
 miles from Chicago, is the only locality in the 
 township which approaches the dignity of a 
 village. The population of the township in 
 1900 was 1,208, engaged chiefly in agricultural 
 pursuits. 
 
 EVANSTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The town of Evanston was organized in 1857 
 out of territory which had previously consti- 
 tuted a part of the township of Ridgeville, 
 to which what was known as the "Wilmette 
 Reservation" was then added. Ridgeville had 
 been organized on the adoption of township 
 organization in April, 1850, being one of the 
 twenty-seven townships into which Cook Coun- 
 ty was then divided, and embracing in addi- 
 tion to Evanston, what on the organization of 
 the latter, became Lake View Township. Pre- 
 vious to this date this region constituted a 
 part of the Gross Point voting district with 
 rather indefinite boundaries. In 1859 the Wil- 
 mette Reservation, having been detached from 
 Evanston, was annexed to New Trier Township, 
 and Evanston Township assumed its present 
 dimensions. The township comprises twelve 
 entire or fractional sections of which five are 
 in Town 41 North, Range 13 East, and seven 
 in Town 41 North, Range 14 East, bordering 
 on Lake Michigan. Of these twelve sections 
 four and a half being the southern iiortion of 
 the township, are now within the city of Chi- 
 
rC/ <^C<!^c.(^><t.^,^__y /ijl^,,^^,4^^a^,.it/T[y 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 781 
 
 cago and the remainder outside the city limits. 
 The first settler within the present limits of 
 Evanston Township was Philip Rogers, who 
 came from Watertown, N. Y., in 1836, and 
 located on the line of the Green Bay road on 
 the northeast part of Sections 31 and 32 in 
 Town 41 N., Range 14 E. Here he erected a 
 log-house and began burning charcoal, which 
 he hauled to market in Chicago. He Anally 
 became the owner of 1,600 acres of land which 
 afterwards became the sites of Rogers Park, 
 Ravenswood, Sheridan Park and Sunnyside 
 Park, much of which is now within the limits 
 of the city of Chicago. His estate passed into 
 the hands of his daughter, afterwards Mrs. P. 
 L. Touhy, whose descendants still reside in 
 that locality. Another settler who came soon 
 after Mr. Rogers was Abraham Hathaway, who 
 built a log cabin within the limits of the pres- 
 ent city of Evanston, which he converted into 
 a tavern. These were followed in the next year 
 or two by Edward H. Mulford, Samuel Rohrer, 
 James and John Carney, Otis Munn, John Zen- , 
 der, Paul and George Pratt, Peter Schmitt, 
 Edward Murphy, O. A. Cram and George H. 
 Huntoon, all of whom came between 1838 and 
 1841, some settling in the Rogers Park district 
 and others in what became the village of 
 Evanston. There were frequent accessions to 
 the population in the next few years and, as 
 previously stated, in April, 1850, Ridgeville 
 Township was organized, Ebenezer Bennet pre- 
 siding as Moderator at the first election, at 
 which 93 votes were cast. The first town offi- 
 cers elected were Edward Murphy, Supervisor; 
 S. S. Billings, Town Clerk; Philip Rogert=, 
 Assessor; Jacob Smith, Collector; Peter Smith 
 and E. H. Mullford, Justices of the Peace; 
 David Wood, Charles Miller and Martin Young, 
 Commissioners of Highways; Otis Munn, Over- 
 seer of the Poor, and Andrew Faber and Jacob 
 Smith, Constables. Among the earliest ofllcers 
 of Evanston Township, after it was organized 
 by the division of Ridgeville Township in 1857, 
 were a Mr. Reynolds, Supervisor, and J. B. Col- 
 vin, Town Clerk. 
 
 Village and City History. — Thirty years ago, 
 Evanston Township contained within its limits 
 (in whole or in part) four towns or villages, 
 viz.: Roger's Park, annexed to the city of Chi- 
 cago in 1893; North Evanston (partly within 
 the townships of Niles and New Trier) ; 
 Evanston proper, and South Evanston. The 
 last three have now been consolidated into 
 
 one corporation under the name of the City of 
 Evanston, the annexation of North Evanston 
 taking place in 1874 and that of South Evans- 
 ton in 1892. At the present time the corpora- 
 tion of the city of Evanston includes all that 
 part of the township outside of the city of 
 Chicago, with a small portion of New Trier and 
 Niles Townships. The total population of the 
 city, according to the census of 1900, was 
 19,259 of which 18,439 was in Evanston Town- 
 ship and 820 in Niles and New Trier. 
 
 The organization and development of Evans- 
 ton as a village, and ultimately into one of 
 the most delightful residence cities in the 
 West, has been the result of two potent factors 
 added to an attractive location on the lake 
 shore, viz.: (1) its selection in 1853 as the 
 site of Northwestern University and (2) the 
 construction through this locality in 1854 of 
 the line of the Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad. 
 The Northwestern University was incorporated 
 by act of the Legislature in 1851, and began its 
 career as an educational institution in the fall 
 of 1852, instruction for the first year being 
 given in a building on the site now occupied 
 by the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank in the 
 city of Chicago, which still belongs to the 
 University. In the summer of 1853 a commit- 
 tee which had been appointed to select a site 
 for the university, purchased from Dr. John 
 H. Foster, for that purpose, a tract of 379 acres, 
 to which they made considerable additions by 
 purchases made during the next few years, 
 and this land having been platted and in part 
 sold, furnished a portion of the means for the 
 maintenance of the new institution in its in- 
 fancy, as well as the principal portion of the 
 University grounds. Evanston became an 
 incorporated town by vote of the people on 
 January 6, 1864, electing six Trustees as fol- 
 lows: H. B. Hurd, C. Comstock, E. Haskins, 
 Prof. H. S. Noyes and J. B. Clough — Mr. Hurd 
 being chosen President of the Board. At the 
 April election held in 1873 a Board of Village 
 Trustees was elected under the General Incor- 
 poration Act for towns, villages, and cities, 
 one of the Trustees chosen at this election 
 being Lyman J. Gage, late Secretary of the 
 Treasury, who also became Village Treasurer. 
 On March 29, 1892, the three villages of Evans- 
 ton, North Evanston and South Evanston hav- 
 ing been united, the new corporation took on 
 the form of a city government. 
 
 The history of the town and city of Evans- 
 
782 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ton has been, to a large extent, that of the 
 Northwestern University, to which the former 
 owed its origin. Its name was derived from Dr. 
 John Evans, one of the founders of the Uni- 
 versity, and for forty years (from 1855 until 
 his death in 1897) President of its Board of 
 Trustees. He also served (1863-65) as Gov- 
 ernor jof the Territory of Colorado by appoint- 
 ment of President Lincoln. The institution, 
 which is co-educational and conducted under 
 the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 is one of the most liberally endowed and gener- 
 ously equipped, both as to teaching force and 
 apparatus, as well as buildings, in the country, 
 and during the year 1903, it had a total of 
 about 2,750 students in its various departments. 
 These include Literary, Medical and Law 
 Departments, a School of Pharmacy, a Dental 
 School, a School of Music and Schools of The- 
 ology and Oratory — all except the College of 
 Liberal Arts and the Schools of Music and The- 
 ology, giving instruction in the city of Chicago. 
 The Medical School, originally Lind University 
 of Chicago, has been associated with the Uni- 
 versity since 1859, while the Law School was 
 founded the same year under the name of the 
 Union College of Law. taking its present name 
 in 1891. The Garrett Biblical Institute, which 
 represents the various branches of the Theo- 
 logical Department, is a historic institution, 
 which was chartered in 1855 and has been in 
 close cooperation with the University ever 
 since. Besides the Northwestern University, 
 Evanston is well supplied with primary and 
 high schools of a superior class, while the 
 churches are of a high order for a city of its 
 rank, representing all the leading denomina- 
 tions. No other city of its size in the State 
 can boast of having been the home of so many 
 citizens who have been distinguished in the 
 departments of education and philanthrophy, 
 in the professions, in finance, or in other 
 branches of business. Among its prominent 
 citizens at different periods have been Rev. R. 
 S. F'oster, E. O. Haven, and C. H. Fowler, all 
 of whom served as Presidents of the University 
 and afterwards became Bishops of the Method- 
 ist Episcopal Church; Bishop Stephen M. Mer- 
 rill, Ex-Gov. John L. Beveridge, Lyman J. 
 Gage, late Secretary of the Treasury, now a 
 banker In New York City; Drs. John Evans, 
 N. S. DavlH and J. V. Z. Blaney; Gen. Julius 
 White, an officer of the Civil War; Burton C. 
 Cook, a prominent lawyer, legislator and Mem- 
 
 ber of Congress; in the department of business, 
 Messrs. Grant Goodrich, Orrington Lunt and 
 William Deering, and not least distinguished, 
 the late Frances E. Willard, who gained a 
 world-wide celebrity as leader of the Woman's 
 Christian Temperance Union, besides many 
 others of wide reputation, whose names might 
 be mentioned in this connection did space 
 permit. 
 
 HANOVER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Hanover Township, the most westerly of the 
 second tier of townships in Northern Cook 
 County, bounded on the north by Kane County 
 and Harrington Township, Cook County, east 
 by Schaumburg, south by DuPage County and 
 west by Kane County, was organized with its 
 present boundaries April 2, 1850, comprising 
 the whole fractional township 41 North, Range 
 9 East. It is drained by the East Branch of 
 Poplar Creek, which rises in the southeast 
 corner of Barrington Township, and, after flow- 
 ing south and then westerly through Hanover, 
 empties into Fox River south of Elgin. The 
 highest point in the township reaches an eleva- 
 tion of about fifty feet above Fox River. Origi- 
 nally about one-third of the township was tim- 
 bered land, the principal grove being known as 
 Independence Grove, and later as Hoosier 
 Grove, from the fact that a large proportion of 
 the settlers in that region were from Indiana. 
 
 The earliest settlers, as already indicated, 
 were from Indiana, John and George Hammer 
 and Abraham Leatherman coming in 1833. The 
 arrivals between 1835 and 1837 included A. D. 
 Gifford, Guy Adams, Samuel N. Campbell, 
 Daniel Guptail, a Mr. Merrifield, Byrem Smith, 
 and John Guptail, while others who came pre- 
 vious to 1840 were Benjamin Burritt, Luther 
 Herrick, John Hill, Joseph Oatman and a Mr. 
 Primrose. At the first election held April 2, 
 1850, 85 votes were cast, while the population, 
 as shown by the census of that year, was 672. 
 Leatherman's tavern, a log house in the south- 
 west part of the township, was a notable point 
 at an early day. The first school-house stood 
 on Section 20, near the house of John Hill, the 
 first church was erected by the German Luther- 
 ans in the northeast part of the township, 
 while the Baptists erected a church on the Chi- 
 cago and Elgin Road in 1854. Previous to 1854 
 the population was engaged solely in agricultu- 
 ral pursuits, but during that year Phineas H. 
 
HISTORICAL EN'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 783 
 
 Smith began shipping milk to Chicago, hauling 
 it to Elgin by ox-team. In 1865 C. W. Gould 
 and I. H. Wanzer established the first cheese 
 factory in the town, and since that time the 
 dairying business in its various branches has 
 grown to very large proportions. From its 
 proximity to Elgin the business is carried on 
 chiefly through the Board of Trade of that 
 city. 
 
 Bartlett, the only village in the township, is 
 located on the Elgin branch of the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, 30 miles north- 
 west of Chicago. It was platted by Luther 
 Bartlett and the Railroad Company in 1873, 
 about the time the railroad was constructed 
 through the place. The population of the vil- 
 lage in 1900 was 360, and that of the whole 
 township, 1,657. 
 
 A small portion of the city of Elgin is located, 
 within Hanover Township. Spaulding is the 
 name of a country station on the line of the 
 railroad about three miles north of west from 
 Bartlett. The station at Ontarioville, is in the 
 southeast corner of Hanover Township, just 
 north of the southern boundary line, while the 
 postofflce and village of that name, on the south 
 side of the road are in Wayne Township, 
 DuPage County. 
 
 LEMONT TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Lemont Township, embracing two-thirds 
 (twenty-four sections) of the southeastern part 
 of Town 37 North, Range 11 East, was organ- 
 ized with its present area in 1850, previous to 
 that date being a part of York Precinct, and 
 known as "Palmyra." The township is bounded 
 on the northwest by Downer's Grove Township, 
 DuPage County, on the east by Palos Township, 
 Cook County, and on the south and west by 
 Will County. Its northwestern boundary, while 
 following the section lines in its general direc- 
 tion, follows the southwest course of the Des 
 Plaines River and the Illinois and Michigan 
 Canal, both of which fall within the limits of 
 the township. The line of the Chicago & Alton 
 Railroad, which here runs parallel with and 
 east of the canal, also lies in Lemont Township, 
 while the same is true of the Atchison, Topeka, 
 & Santa Fe line, on the opposite side of the 
 river. 
 
 The first white settler in the township was 
 Jeremiah Luther, who located on a claim in the 
 southern part of the township in the fall of 
 
 1833. Fobes H. Miner came the same year and, 
 during the following year, came William R. 
 Derby, Orange Chauncey and Joshua Smith, 
 who settled upon the same section with Mr. 
 Luther. At this time it is said there were only 
 one or, two houses between Chicago and Joliet. 
 Nathaniel J. Brown, who afterwards became a 
 prominent business and canal contractor and a 
 wealthy citizen of Lemont, came in 1835. He 
 died some two years ago. The beginning of 
 work on the Illinois and Michigan Canal, in 
 1836, brought many into this vicinity as 
 employes or otherwise during the next few 
 years, a number of whom became permanent 
 residents. 
 
 Lemont village began to assume the propor- 
 tions of a town between 1843 and 1848, as the 
 result of the gathering here of a large number 
 of employes and others in connection with the 
 construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. 
 An element which contributed to a large 
 increase in the population was the length of 
 time and the large number of men required to 
 excavate the channel of the canal through the 
 rock strata, which here appeared in most 
 formidable proportions; while the subsequent 
 discovery of valuable building stone, tended to 
 make the increase permanent. It is claimed 
 that the first plat, embracing a considerable 
 portion of the present village, was made as 
 early as 1850, the place then being named 
 "Keepotaw" in honor of an Indian chief of 
 that vicinity. The place also bore the name of 
 Athens for a time, until after township organi- 
 zation in 1850. The development of the stone 
 quarries here began in 1854, and in after years 
 this industry grew to large proportions, employ- 
 ing large amounts of capital and many hun- 
 dreds of men. The Illinois Stone Company 
 organized in 1852 and the Singer & Talcott 
 Company in 1854, were for many years the 
 most extensive operators in this line. Later 
 the Chicago & Lemont Stone Company, Boden- 
 schatz & Ernshaw, Royer & Corneau and the 
 Excelsior & Riordan Stone Company did an 
 extensive business in the same field. The stone 
 from the Lemont quarries has been in great 
 demand for building purposes, some of it, 
 especially that from the lower strata, known as 
 the magnesian limestone or "Athens Marble," 
 being of superior fineness. The concern now 
 doing the most extensive business in that line 
 is the Western Stone Company, of which 
 Martin B. Madden of Chicago is the President. 
 
784 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 While Lemont has a large permanent popula- 
 tion consisting of business men and their fami- 
 lies, a considerable percentage is made up of 
 employes of the various stone companies, and, 
 as a consequence, the aggregate varies accord- 
 ing to industrial conditions. The population 
 of the village, according to the census of 1900, 
 was 2.449. and of the whole township, 4,441. 
 
 Sag Station, a hamlet on the line of the Chi- 
 cago & Alton Railway and the Illinois and 
 Michigan Canal, in Lemont Township, had an 
 existence as a postofRce as early as 1838, but 
 is not recognized as an incorporated village. 
 
 LEYDEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Leyden Township, in the western part of 
 Cook County, embraces the whole of Town 40 
 North. Range 12 East, except four and a half 
 sections in the northeast corner included in 
 Norwood Park. The township is bounded on 
 the north by Maine and Norwood Park Town- 
 ships, east by Norwood Park and the city of 
 Chicago, south by Proviso Township and west 
 by DuPage County. It is traversed from north 
 to south through the eastern half by the Des 
 Plaines River, which was originally bordered 
 by timber, the remainder of the surface being 
 chiefly prairie. The reservations granted by 
 the treaty with the Indians at Prairie du Chien 
 in 1829, in favor of Alexander Robinson and 
 Claude Laframboise, half-breed Indian traders 
 — each reservation comprising about two sec- 
 tions — were located along the Des Plaines 
 River in this township. Settlement began early 
 in 1833 — four years after the date of this 
 treaty — when David Everett, a Methodist 
 preacher, came from St. Clair County, 111., and 
 purchased a part of the Laframboise reserva- 
 tion in the southern part of the township, locat- 
 ing with his family in a log-cabin which had 
 been used as a trading post. Mr. Everett was 
 the son-in-law of the early Methodist mission- 
 ary In Illinois, Rev. Jesse Walker, and his 
 home was the headquarters of Methodist min- 
 iBters visiting this region for many years. A 
 Mr. Brooks, a Mr. Sherman and a Mr. Higgins, 
 and two l)rother8, William and Aldrich Rowley, 
 camo In 1834, and the next year Ezra and Wil- 
 liam EMIh. and Samuel and Abel Spencer — the 
 laHt two buying from Mr. Everett a portion of 
 the Laframboise reservation, which he had 
 purchaned In 1833. M. L. Dnnlap, who after- 
 
 wards engaged in the nursery business and 
 became a prominent citizen of Champaign 
 County, came to this locality in 1844. The 
 Spencers erected a log-house on their land east 
 of the river, which was used for some time as 
 a hotel, afterwards building a hotel on the west 
 side of the Des Plaines. When a postoffice was 
 established here in 1844, it was first called 
 Cazenovia, but later, on the appointment ot' 
 William Emmerson as Postmaster, it received 
 the name of Leyden Center, which it bore for a 
 number of years under the management of vari- 
 ous postmasters and in different localities of 
 the same neighborhood. A plank road was 
 built into this region from the city of Chicago 
 in 1850, and while this work was in progress, 
 the Plank Road Company built a saw-mill at 
 the crossing of the Des Plaines, to manufac- 
 ture the lumber with which to construct the 
 road. After running this mill eighteen months, 
 it was converted into a grist-mill, but was soon 
 after abandoned. The township was formally 
 organized on the adoption of township organi- 
 zation in Cook County, April 2, 1850, with the 
 name of Monroe, soon after changed to Leyden. 
 The first officers chosen were: M. L. Dunlap, 
 Supervisor; R. W. Everett, Clerk and Overseer 
 of the Poor; William Emmerson, Assessor; 
 Samuel Hummel, Collector, with a number of 
 subordinate officials. 
 
 Leyden Township is crossed from the south- 
 east to the northwest by the Elgin Division 
 of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. 
 There are no considerable villages in the town- 
 ship, the chief industry of the people being 
 agriculture. The total population, according 
 to the census of 1900, was 2,270, of which 483 
 belonged to the village of Franklin Park and 
 333 to River Grove. Manheim is the name of 
 another station and small hamlet on the Chi- 
 cago Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad in the 
 western part of the Township. 
 
 LYONS AND STICKNEY TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 Lyons Township, up to 1901 embracing Stick- 
 new Township, is one of the oldest townships 
 in Cook County, having been organized previ- 
 ous to 1840, as one of the fourteen voting pre- 
 cincts into which the county was then divided. 
 By the census of 1840 it was credited with a 
 poi)ulatlon of 207 souls. On the adoption of 
 township organization In 1850, it was reorgan- 
 
C^^T^c^^^^i,-.^-^-^ — ~ 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 785 
 
 ized with an area of fifty-four full sections, 
 embracing the whole of Township 38 North, 
 Range 12 East, and the western half of town 
 38 North, Range 13 East, — the population at 
 that time being 965 and the number of votes 
 cast at the first election of town officers 72. 
 This organization continued until March 25, 
 1901, when Stickney Township was organized 
 from the western half of Town 38 North, 
 Range 13 East, reducing the area of Lyons 
 Township to its present limits. The township, 
 which now embraces the whole of Congres- 
 sional Township 38 North, Range 12 East, with 
 two sections (5 and 6) in the northwest corner 
 of Town 37 North, Range 12 East, is bounded 
 on the north by Proviso and Riverside Town- 
 ships, east by Stickney Township, south by 
 Palos and west by DuPage County. Stickney 
 Township as already explained embraces the 
 west half of Town 38 North, Range 13 East, 
 with a quarter-section in the southeast corner 
 Town 39 North, Range 13 East, and is bounded 
 on the north by Berwyn and Cicero Townships, 
 east by Chicago city limits, south by Worth 
 Township and west by Lyons. The Hawthorne 
 race-track is located in the northeastern corner 
 of Stickney Township. The population of 
 Lyons and Stickney Township in 1900 was 8,350 
 against 5,096 in 1890, an increase in the pre- 
 ceding decade of 3,254, or nearly 64 per cent. 
 
 The earliest settlements in Lyons Township 
 were in the immediate vicinity of the present 
 village of Riverside, while others followed soon 
 after in the vicinity of Summit. These were 
 among the earliest localities settled in Cook 
 County outside of the city of Chicago. The 
 first white settlers of this locality were the 
 Laughton Brothers (David and Bernardus), 
 Indian traders, who established a trading sta- 
 tion between Riverside and the present village 
 of Lyons, about the northern boundary of Lyons 
 Township, in 1828. Stephen V. R. Forbes, the 
 first Sheriff of Cook County, settled in this 
 vicinity in 1829. Among those who came soon 
 after were Russell E. Heacock, Thomas Flah- 
 erty, Edmund Polk, Samuel Mars, John Jay, 
 George W. Beebe, Thomas Butcher, Wilson and 
 James McLintock, Elijah Wentworth, Jr., and 
 others, although the growth at this period was 
 slow. One Joshua Sackett is said to have built 
 the first log-cabin in the present village of 
 Lyons. 
 
 Lying in the western tier of townships in 
 Cook County, Lyons Township is traversed by 
 
 the Des Plaines River, which flows diagonally 
 through the central portion of the township 
 from the northeast to the southwest, by the 
 Illinois & Michigan Canal, the Chicago Sanitary 
 Drainage Canal, and the Chicago & Alton, the 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroads. An inter-urban 
 trolley line also passes through the township, 
 connecting the city of Joliet with Chicago. 
 Several flourishing suburban towns are situ- 
 ated within the township, including La Grange, 
 Lyons, Spring Forest and Summit, with parts 
 of Grossdale, Riverside and Western Springs. 
 
 La Grange, the principal village, and the 
 sixth in proportion in Cook County outside of 
 the city of Chicago, is situated in the northern 
 part of the township on the line of the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad, fifteen miles 
 southeast of the initial station of that road. 
 Years ago it took rank as one of the most 
 attractive of the numerous suburban towns in 
 close connection with the city. The Aurora 
 branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad was constructed through this locality 
 in 1862, and, in 1871, the village of La Grange, 
 originally known as West Lyons, was laid out 
 by Franklin D. Cossitt, on a part of 440 acres 
 of land originally entered about 1844 by Rob- 
 ert Leitch, a native of Orleans County, N. Y., 
 who here followed the occupation of farming 
 and stock-raising for a number of years. During 
 its history of thirty years, the growth of the 
 village has been steady and well sustained, 
 though never greater than within the past 
 decade. A village government was organized 
 in 1879. The population of the town, according 
 to the decennial census of 1900, was 3,969 — an 
 increase of 1,645 (or more than 71 per cent) 
 over 1890, when the population was 2,314. La 
 Grange is connected with Chicago by an electric 
 line. 
 
 Lyons, the oldest suburb west of Chicago, is 
 located on the Des Plaines River, in the north- 
 eastern corner of the township, just south of 
 Riverside. According to local tradition David 
 and Bernardus H. Laughton, Indian traders, 
 settled on the site of the village in 1828, and, 
 in 1830, the Black Horn tavern, offering enter- 
 tainment to travelers between Fort Dearborn 
 and Joliet, was in existence. Joshua Sackett 
 is said to have built the first log-house there, 
 and also the hotel already mentioned. A promi- 
 nent citizen was Stephen White, who first came 
 in 1830, but did not locate until 1840, after 
 
786 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 which he served as Assessor, Supervisor and 
 village Postmaster. Lyons had a population 
 in 1900 of 951. 
 
 Summit village, on the line of the Chicago 
 & Alton Railroad and the Illinois & Michigan 
 Canal, received its name from the fact that its 
 site is upon the ridge between Lake Michigan 
 and the Des Plaines River. The first house 
 was erected here, according to one report, by 
 Russell E. Heacock, about 1838, while accord- 
 ing to another statement it was erected as a 
 hotel by the stage company about 1835, and 
 subsequently bought by Heacock. At all events 
 it was used as a hotel for many years. During 
 the latter years of his life Summit was the 
 country home of the late John Wentworth, 
 who owned a large tract of land here. The 
 village had a population in 1900 of 547. 
 
 The principal part of the village of Western 
 Springs is located in the northwestern part of 
 Lyons Township on the line of the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad. Mount Forest 
 is another snjall village in the township, while 
 parts of Grossdale and Riverside are within 
 its limits. 
 
 MAINE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Maine Township, bounded on the north by 
 Wheeling and Northfleld Townships, east by 
 Niles, South by Norwood Park and Leyden and 
 west by Elk Grove, embraces substantially the 
 whole of Town 40 North, Range 12 East — a 
 fractional government township lacking the 
 northern tier of sections. A fractional division 
 of 40 acres in the southeastern corner of the 
 township, formerly a part of Norwood Park 
 village, now forms the extreme northwest 
 corner of the city of Chicago. The township is 
 crossed from north to south through its central 
 portion by the Des Plaines River. The first 
 settler in the township was a Captain Wright, 
 a .soldier of the war of 1812, who came in 1832 
 and settled in Section 22. During the next 
 year came families by the name of Brooks, 
 Edick, Besae and a Mr. Sherman and his two 
 Bons. There were a number of important arriv- 
 als during the next few years. Including the 
 Hradwf'lj.s (father of .Judge .lames n. Rradwell 
 of ChlraKO). Socrates Rand, an enterprising 
 citizen who located adjacent to the present 
 vlllaKf of F)PH FlalnoH, which for some time 
 l*ore hiB name, the Kennlcotts and others. In 
 1836 came Capf. Mancel Talcott, whose son, 
 
 Mancel Talcott, Jr., was afterwards a promi- 
 nent business man and public-spirited citizen 
 of Chicago. Early settlers were also Captain 
 Hugunin and Judge Hoard, who was a promi- 
 nent figure in Cook County history. By 1837 
 came the parents of Thomas P. Robb. The lat- 
 ter, then a youth, afterwards opened the first 
 exclusive wholesale grocery establishment in 
 Chicago, and during the Civil War served as 
 Sanitary Agent for the State by appointment 
 of Gov. Richard Yates, and later filled a num- 
 ber of important positions. 
 
 Although an agricultural district, Maine 
 Township contains four villages within its area, 
 viz.: Des Plaines, Edison Park, Park Ridge and 
 Riverview. The population of the township in 
 1900 was 5,161, of which 3,750 was in the vil- 
 lages and 1,411 in the rural sections. Des 
 Plaines, the largest village, known as early as 
 1840 as Rand from Socrates Rand, the earliest 
 settler in that vicinity, took the name of 
 "Maine" when the plat was recorded in 1857-, 
 but in 1869 the name was changed by act of 
 the Legislature to Des Plaines, and in the fol- 
 lowing year the first Board of Trustees was 
 elected. The town is situated on the Des 
 Plaines River and the Madison Branch of the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, sixteen and 
 a half miles from Chicago. It is widely known 
 as a choice residence suburb with prosperous 
 churches and schools, and for over forty years 
 has been the site of the famous Des Plaines 
 camp meeting grounds of the Methodist church. 
 The population of the village in 1900 was 1,666. 
 
 Park Ridge, located on the Chicago & North- 
 western Railroad, thirteen miles northwest of 
 Chicago, occupying an elevated site overlooking 
 the Des Plaines River, was settled in 1840, and 
 for a time bore the name of "Brickton," from 
 the employment of one of its leading citizens, 
 George W. Penny, as a brick manufacturer. A 
 postoflHee was established here in 1858, and 
 about 1873 the village took on its present more 
 euphonious name. Its population in 1900 was 
 1,340. 
 
 Riverview village, on the line of the Wiscon- 
 sin Central Railroad, had a population, accord- 
 ing to the last census, of 406 and Edison Park, 
 344. 
 
 NEW TRIER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 New Trier Township, in the northeastern 
 corner of Cook County, was organized on the 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 787 
 
 formal division of the county into townships 
 in April, 1850, and has existed with little 
 change in area ever since. The first white set- 
 tler was Anton Ouilmette (Anglicized Wil- 
 mette), a Frenchman who, with his half-breed 
 Pottawatomie wife, was a resident of Chicago 
 at the time of the Fort Dearborn massacre in 
 1812. By the treaty with the Pottawatomie 
 Indians at Prairie du Chien in 1830, a reserva- 
 tion of two square miles was set apart for 
 Ouilmette, upon which he settled with his wife 
 and family of eight children, the tract receiv- 
 ing the name of the "Wilmette Reservation." 
 In the summer of 1836 a party of emigrants, 
 consisting of seven families from Vermont, 
 arrived in this vicinity, and one of their num- 
 ber, Erastus Patterson, settled on the site 
 of what is now the village of Winnetka, 
 where he erected a log-house, and soon after 
 opened a tavern on the Green Bay Road from 
 Chicago. Others who came to this locality 
 about the same time were Alexander McDaniel 
 and Anson H. Taylor, and during the next year 
 came Philip Marshall and A. M. Talley, who 
 settled where the village of Geneva now is. 
 Other arrivals, during the next two years were 
 those of Wendell Allis and his sons Jacob and 
 John, Harrison Lowe, Simeon Doyle, Joel C. 
 Stebbins, Charles H. Beaubien (a cousin of 
 Mark Beaubien of Chicago), a Mr. Ellis, John 
 Foster, Marcus Gormley and Robert Daggett, 
 settling at various points in the vicinity. 
 Between 1839 and 1850 there were numerous 
 arrivals, and when the township was organ- 
 ized in the latter year, there was a population 
 of 473. The first election for town officers was 
 held at the house of John Garland on the first 
 Tuesday of April, 1850, Jesse Mathison acting 
 as Moderator, and the following officers were 
 elected: James Hartney, Supervisor; John Gar- 
 land, Clerk; Andrew Hood and Anson H. 
 Taylor, Justices of the Peace; Michael Gormly, 
 Assessor; John Lauermann, Collector, and 
 Michael Diedrich, Michael Gormly and James 
 Hartney, Commissioners of Highways. 
 
 There are five villages within the boundaries 
 of New Trier Township, besides a part of the 
 city of Evanston, viz.: Glencoe, Gross Point, 
 Kenilworth, "Wilmette and Winnetka. Of these 
 Wilmette is the largest, having a population 
 according to the census of 1900, of 2,300. As 
 already stated, Anton Wilmette was the first 
 settler, but in 1838 he sold out a part of his. 
 reservation and removed to Council Bluffs, 
 
 Iowa, whither the Pottawatomie Indians moved 
 the same year. The village of Wilmette was 
 platted in 1869, Judge Henry W. Blodgett, late 
 of Waukegan, being one of its founders. At 
 first it was called Gross Point, but in 1872 it 
 was incorporated under its present name. It 
 is one of the most attractive suburbs of the 
 city of Chicago, being favorably located on the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, 14 miles 
 from the central station. It presents excellent 
 educational advantages and is the home of a 
 community maintaining a high standard of 
 morality with ample church privileges. 
 
 Winnetka, the second town in size, with a 
 population (1900) of 1,833, was platted in 1854 
 by Charles E. Peck and Walter S. Gurnee, a 
 former Mayor of Chicago. It occupies a site 
 on the top of the ridge of land originally 
 entered in 1843 by Erastus Brown, and is on 
 the line of the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 
 road two miles and a half north of Wilmette. 
 A postoffice was established here in 1856, and 
 the village was incorporated by act of the 
 Legislature in 1869. It is a choice residence 
 suburb, justifying the definition of the Indian 
 name, "Beautiful Land." Winnetka was the 
 scene, on February 12, 1884, of one of the most 
 horrible crimes ever perpetrated in Cook 
 County, in the mysterious and brutal murder 
 in their home of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Willson, 
 an aged and respected couple, who were among 
 the earliest settlers of the village. 
 
 Glencoe, in the northern part of New Trier 
 Township, by the Milwaukee Division of the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, 18 miles 
 from the central station in the city of Chicago, 
 was incorporated March 29, 1869, and according 
 to the ceusus of 1900 had a population of 1,020. 
 It has ample educational and church advant- 
 ages, and is a growing village, as indicated by 
 the fact that the population doubled between 
 1890 and 1900. 
 
 Gross Point, a name originally used to desig- 
 nate the region along the lake shore in the 
 northeastern part of Cook County, was the 
 first name given to the village of Wilmette, 
 from which it was separated and organized 
 under its present name on March 10, 1874. It 
 lies immediately southwest of Wilmette, and 
 had a population (1900) of 669. 
 
 Kenilworth, a choice residence suburb and 
 summer resort, located on the lake shore 
 between the villages of Winnetka and Wilmette, 
 is a picturesque locality noted for its ample and 
 
788 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ■well kept grounds attached to its private resi- 
 dences and public institutions. Among the lat- 
 ter are a boarding school for girls and college 
 preparatory school for boys. In 1900 it had a 
 population of 336, which is largely increased 
 during the summer months. 
 
 NILES TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Niles Township, located in the middle north- 
 ern section of Cook County, immediately north 
 of the city of Chicago and of Evanston Town- 
 ship, contains an area of nearly twenty-five 
 sections all within Town 41 North, Range 13 
 East, of which a small tract in the southeast 
 part of the township falls within the limits of 
 Evanston, and a small division in the extreme 
 southwest in the city of Chicago. The western 
 part of the township is drained by the North 
 Branch of the Chicago River. The first settler 
 was Joseph Curtis, an Englishman who erected 
 a rude log-cabin in 1838 near the river on Sec- 
 tion 17, where he remained until 1846, a few 
 years later returning to England. John Dewes, 
 also an Englishman, located in the same vicin- 
 ity in 1832 or '33, and about the same time 
 came John Schadiger and Julius Perren, who 
 settled within the limits of the present village 
 of Niles, known for a time as "Dutchman's 
 Point." An important arrival in 1833 was Wil- 
 liam Clark, who came from Chicago and 
 became a permanent settler. Others who came 
 within the next two years were Christian, John 
 and Frederick Ebinger (brothers), John Plank, 
 John Odell, Robert Robertson, Ebon Crane and 
 John Miller. The latter built a saw-mill, which 
 furnished the first lumber manufactured in 
 that vicinity. About the time of its organiza- 
 tion in April, 1850, Niles Township was credited 
 with a population of 408. While no important 
 towns are situated within the township, the 
 location of two railroad lines — the Chicago & 
 Northwestern and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
 Paul — have been the means of attracting a con- 
 siderable population, especially of the agricul- 
 tural class. Much of the land along the North 
 Branch of the Chicago River wa.s originally 
 marHhy, but has been rendered tillable by a 
 thorough system of drainage. 
 
 Of the three villages in Niles Township, Niles 
 is the olrlest, the first house having been 
 erected there In 1832-33 by John Schadiger and 
 Julius Perren, who were Joined within the next 
 
 few years by a number of other settlers, mostly 
 Germans, which resulted in giving the name to 
 that locality, for some time of "Dutchman's 
 Point." The village is situated on the North 
 Branch, one mile north of Norwood Park, now 
 in the the northwest part of the city of Chicago. 
 The date of the adoption of the present name is 
 not known, but was probably about 1850. 
 Being one of the earliest settled sections of the 
 township, the village is well supplied with 
 churches and schools. Its population in 1900 
 was 514. 
 
 Niles Center is located, as its name indicates, 
 near the center of the township. The first 
 house was built within the present limits of 
 the village in 1854, and a postofflce established 
 there in 1864. Its population (1900) was 529. 
 
 Morton Grove village is situated on the Chi- 
 cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway fourteen 
 miles from the central station in the city of 
 Chicago, and less than two miles northwest of 
 Niles Center. The village was platt«d in 1879, 
 and it has a railway station and postoffice. Its 
 population, according to the census of 1900, was 
 564, and that of Niles Township 4,030— an 
 increase of nearly fifty per cent during the 
 preceding ten years. 
 
 NORTHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Northfield Township, situated in the north- 
 east corner of Cook County, separated from 
 Lake Michigan only by the narrow strip con- 
 stituting New Trier Township, embraces a full 
 congressional township (42 N., R. 12 E.) except 
 one and a half sections in the northeast corner 
 which belong to New Trier. The township is 
 bounded on the north by Lake County, east by 
 New Trier Township, south by Niles and Maine 
 and west by Wheeling. The township is trav- 
 ersed through its entire length near the middle 
 division from south to north by the Milwaukee 
 Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 Railroad, while the Des Plaines River flows 
 along its western border. The North Branch 
 of Chicago River drains the eastern portion. 
 
 John K. Clark is believed to have l>een the 
 first settler in the township, although there is 
 some doubt as to the exact time of his arrival, 
 this having been placed by different writers at 
 1834 and 1836. Thomas Allison, who had come 
 to Chicago in 1832, removed to Northfield in 
 1837. John Stryker came in 1835, and there 
 were a number of arrivals during the next 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 789 
 
 year. Dr. John and Levi Kennicott came at an 
 early day, the former being the first physician 
 in this section. The Kennicotts also estab- 
 lished the earliest nursery in this part of Illi- 
 nois. Silas W. Sherman and his son, Joel S., 
 who had come to Chicago in 1833, located in 
 Northfield Township, near Shermer Station, in 
 1838. Hiram, William and Orestin Shephard 
 were settlers in the same locality in 1839. 
 
 Northfield is one of the original townships of 
 Cook County, having been organized with its 
 present boundaries in 1850, with a population 
 of 1,013, at that time the third township in 
 point of population in the county, being 
 exceeded only by townships now within the 
 limits of the city of Chicago. There are no 
 considerable villages in the township, the dis- 
 trict being purely agricultural. Oak Glen and 
 Shermer are suburban stations on the line of 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, 
 while West Northfield is a postoflSce in the 
 southwestern part of the township and North 
 Northfield in the northwest comer. The pres- 
 ent population of the township (census 1900) 
 is 2,323. 
 
 NORWOOD PARK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Norwood Park, originally containing about 
 nine square miles of territory, of which about 
 one-half belonged to Town 40 North, Range 13 
 East, and the other half to Town 40 North, 
 Range 12 East, was organized in 1872 from ter- 
 ritory taken from Leyden and Jefferson Town- 
 ships, with a small section from the southwest 
 corner of Niles Township and a smaller divi- 
 sion from the southeast corner of Maine. In 
 1893 a strip covering about two square miles 
 at the northern end of the township in the 
 northeast corner of this area, was annexed to 
 the city of Chicago, leaving the present dimen- 
 sions of the township a little over seven square 
 miles, bounded partly on three sides by the 
 city, and west by Leyden Township. The first 
 house built in the original portion of the park 
 was that of Mark Noble, Sr. In 1834 Phineas 
 Sherman moved to this section from a claim he 
 had occupied on the Des Plaines River. Other 
 early settlers in the locality were Henry Smith 
 and his sons, Marcellus, Gustavus V. and Israel 
 G. ; Ephraim Payne, Ezra Alger, John Pennoyer 
 and two sons. George Dunlap, who was an orig- 
 inal settler in Norwood Park village, now a 
 part of the city of Chicago, was a leading fac- 
 
 tor in securing the organization of the original 
 Norwood Park Township, first called Norwood 
 from Henry Ward Beecher's novel of that name. 
 The village was situated on the Wisconsin 
 Division of the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 
 road, eleven miles in a northwesterly direction 
 from the terminal station in the city of Chi- 
 cago. The Cook County Poor Farm and Insane 
 Asylum are located on Section 18 in the south- 
 ern part of Norwood Park, now known as Dun- 
 ning, and reached by a branch of the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. The popula- 
 tion of the township in 1900 was 3,447. There 
 are no incorporated villages in the township. 
 
 ORLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Orland Township, situated in the southwest 
 part of Cook County, consisting of an entire 
 congressional township (36 N., R. 12 E.), is 
 bounded on the north by Palos Township, east 
 by Bremen, and south and west by Frankfort 
 and Homer Townships in Will County. The 
 early settlers were Henry Taylor, who came 
 about 1834-35, and Thomas Hardy who arrived 
 in 1836. William and Ichabod Myrick and Syd- 
 ney S. Campbell came in 1844, and George H. 
 Newman in 1845. The township was organized 
 April 2, 1850, with its present limits, previous 
 to that date constituting a part of York Pre- 
 cinct, which was made up of the towns of 
 Bremen, Worth, Palos, Lemont and Orland. 
 The township is traversed from the northern 
 border to the southwest corner by the Wabash 
 Railroad, while the Chicago, Rock Island & 
 Pacific Road passes through the southeast 
 corner. The only incorporated village in the 
 township is Orland Park, although there are 
 several postoffices including Alpine and East 
 Orland. The region is chiefly agricultural. The 
 total population of the township in 1900 was 
 1,296 of which 366 was in Orland Park village. 
 
 PALATINE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Palatine Township, one of the northern tier 
 of townships in Cook County, is an agricultural 
 district embracing a government township 
 (42 N., R. 10 E.), bounded on the north by 
 Lake County, east by Wheeling Township, south 
 by Schaumburg and west by Barrington. The 
 surface is somewhat elevated and gently undu- 
 lating prairie, with a rich soil. It is drained 
 
79° 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 by Salt Creek, a branch of the Des Plaines 
 River, which enters that stream from the west. 
 At an early date there were several notable 
 groves in the township, including Deer Grove, 
 Frye's Grove, Englishman's Grove, Highland 
 Grove and Plum Grove — the latter being the 
 location of a historic Indian burying ground 
 to which the Indians made annual visits for 
 many years. Settlement in this township began 
 about 1836, among those who arrived that year 
 being George Ela, Orrin Ford, A. H. McClure, 
 Asa Dunton, Asahel Harris and Russel Andrus. 
 
 Palatine Township was organized April 2, 
 1850, with its present dimensions. One of the 
 early Supervisors was Thomas Bradwell, the 
 father of Judge James B. Bradwell of Chicago. 
 
 The only incorporated village in Palatine 
 Township is Palatine, on the line of the Wis- 
 consin Division of the Chicago & Northwestern 
 Railroad, twenty-six miles from the Chicago 
 terminal station. There were four houses on 
 the site of the village when the railroad 
 reached there in 1853, and a depot was built 
 there in 1855. The first postoffice in the vicin- 
 ity was first located at Elk Grove, but on the 
 location of a station at Palatine, it was removed 
 to that place. The first step for the organiza- 
 tion of a village government was in 1866, but 
 in 1869 the town was incorporated by special 
 act of the Legislature. 
 
 The population of the township, according to 
 the census of 1900, was 2,074, of which 1,000, 
 or nearly one-half, was in the village of Pala- 
 tine. 
 
 PALOS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Pales Township, embracing the whole of 
 Town 37 North, Range 12 East, except Sections 
 5 and 6 in the northwest corner of the town, is 
 bounded on the north by Lyons, on the east by 
 Worth, on the south by Orland and west by 
 Lemont Township and Downer's Grove in 
 DuPage County. The northwestern corner is 
 touched by the Illinois & Michigan Canal and 
 the Chicago & Alton Railroad, while the 
 Wabash Railroad passes through the south- 
 western portion. There being no considerable 
 village In the township, the district is almost 
 wholly agricultural. The population of the 
 townKhIp In 1900 was 1,074. 
 
 The flrfit white people to settle within the 
 present llmltH of Palos Township were the Pad- 
 flork family, who localfil in the southern part 
 
 of the township in 1834. Others who came 
 about the same time were Schuyler Brown, 
 Samuel Mahaffey, Robert Lucas, Richard 
 McClaughrey, Uriah and Benjamin Wentworlh. 
 M. A. Powell was the first Postmaster in the 
 township, the office being known as Orange and 
 later as Palos. He held the office over thirty- 
 five years. 
 
 The township was organized in 1850 under 
 the name of Trenton, which was changed soon 
 after the first election to Palos. The village 
 of Willow Springs, originally in the northwest 
 part of the township is now within Proviso 
 Township. 
 
 The township of Palos is interesting on 
 account of the discovery, within its limits, of 
 what bear evidence of being the remains of 
 French or Indian fortifications. Andreas' "His- 
 tory of Cook County," referring to this subject, 
 says. "These ruins, which are situated on the 
 farm of Theodore Lucas, some three miles 
 southwest of Willow Springs, are yet so well 
 preserved as to enable one to clearly trace 
 their former extent and size. From their loca- 
 tion on a rising piece of ground, and the area 
 which they once evidently inclosed, the con- 
 clusion is arrived at that they were of consid- 
 erable importance and well designed in their 
 construction for affording refuge and protection 
 to a large number of persons. As to who built 
 them, no one knows; but here is certainly a 
 rich field for the antiquarian who delights to 
 dig among such ancient ruins, in his efforts to 
 bring to light the long hidden mysteries of an 
 almost forgotten past. Thomas Kelly, a farmer 
 living on Section 18, says that, in some 
 researches he has made among these ruins not 
 long since, he found a number of relics, among 
 which was a curiously wrought powder-horn, 
 evidently of an antique pattern, and having 
 on its surface inscriptions in a language which 
 he was unable to read." (For further informa- 
 tion regarding these remains, see "Fortifica- 
 tions, Prehistoric," Hist. Encyc. of III., Vol. I., 
 p. 173.) 
 
 PROVISO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Proviso Township, bounded on the north by 
 Leyden Township, on the east by Oak Park, 
 Berwyn and Riverside, south by Riverside and 
 Lyons and west by DuPage County, is one of 
 the middle tier of townships of Cook County 
 lying west of the central i)a.rt of the city of 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 791 
 
 Chicago, and embraces an entire congressional 
 township (39 N., R. 12 E.) except four sections 
 in the sonthwestern corner, which constitute 
 the town of Riverside. The surface is, for the 
 most part, level prairie, with timber along the 
 banks of the Des Plaines River, which traverses 
 the central part of the township through its 
 entire length from north to south, with Salt 
 Creek as its principal tributary from the west. 
 The first settler was Aaron Parsell, who located 
 in the southwest part of the township near 
 Salt Creek in 1832, and in 1833 George Bicker- 
 dike and Mark Noble erected a saw-mill on the 
 Des Plaines, a short distance north of the Chi- 
 cago & Northwestern Railroad bridge. Theophi- 
 lus W. Smith was, for a time, the owner of this 
 mill and resided near it. A number of other set- 
 tlers came between 1836 and 1840, some of the 
 more prominent being Ashabel Steel (1836), 
 Thomas Covell, John Bohlander, and J. S. Sack- 
 ett, James Ostrander, Reuben Whaples and A. B. 
 Kellogg (1837), John Walters (1838), Samuel 
 Giles, Nathan Dodson, a Mr. Noyes, Henry Nes- 
 enbrink, Peter Miner, S. Y. Bruce and E. W. 
 Thomas (1840). The township was organized 
 April 2, 1850, there being at that time a popu- 
 lation of about 200. Stephen Pennoyer was the 
 first Supervisor. In 1870 the town of Riverside 
 was set off from the southwestern corner of 
 Proviso Township, reducing the latter to its 
 present limits. According to the census of 1900, 
 Proviso Township was the third township in 
 Cook County (excluding the city of Chicago) 
 in point of population, a result due to the fact 
 that several of the most prosperous suburban 
 villages are located wholly, or in part, within 
 its limits — the total population at that time 
 being 15,498. 
 
 Maywood village, situated on the west bank 
 of the Des Plaines River and on the Chicago, 
 Great Western and the Galena Division of the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, was laid out 
 by a company organized by W. T. Nichols of 
 Rutland, Vt., in 1868, and incorporated in 1881. 
 It contains many handsome residences and is 
 well supplied with schools and churches. May- 
 wood Military Institute is located here. The 
 population in 1900 was 4,532. 
 
 Harlem, the second village in population in 
 the township, was settled in 1856, by J. H. 
 Quick, who named it after his birthplace in 
 New York. It is situated in the northwestern 
 part of the township, and originally embraced 
 the village of Oak Park, and part of River 
 
 Forest. It was incorporated in 1884 and, 
 according to the census of 1900, had a popula- 
 tion of 4,085. 
 
 Melrose Park Village, northwest of and 
 adjoining the village of Maywood, was laid out 
 by the Melrose Land Company in 1873, and 
 incorporated in 1882. Population in 1900, 
 2,592. 
 
 River Forest village, originally called 
 Thatcher, from David C. Thatcher who settled 
 there in 1856, is located on the east bank of 
 the Des Plaines, and on the Galena Division of 
 the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. Lake 
 Street, Chicago, continued westward, passes 
 through the southern part of the village and 
 across the Des Plaines River bridge. The vil- 
 lage was incorporated under its present name 
 in 1886. Population (1900) 1,559. 
 
 La Grange Park, in the southwestern part of 
 Proviso Township, near La Grange Village, has 
 a population (1900) of 730. Parts of the vil- 
 lage of Grossdale and Western Springs also lie 
 within the boundaries of Proviso Township. 
 
 RICH TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Rich Township, which consists of Town 35 
 North, Range 13 East, located in the southwest 
 corner of Cook County, and bounded on the 
 north by Bremen Township, east by Bloom, and 
 south and west by Will County, was organized 
 April 3, 1850, with its present dimensions, hav- 
 ing a population at that time of 168. Previous 
 to that date, with the towns of Bloom and 
 Thornton, it constituted Thornton Precinct. 
 The township is crossed by the Illinois Central 
 and the Michigan Central Railroads. The vil- 
 lage of Matteson, situated on the Illinois Cen- 
 tral Railroad 28 miles south-southwest from the 
 city of Chicago, is the principal village in the 
 township. It was platted in 1855, soon after 
 the completion of the Illinois Central Road, 
 and the first house was erected during the same 
 year by Charles Ohlendorf. The village is at 
 the intersection of the Illinois Central and 
 Michigan Central Railroads and contains two 
 grain elevators, several country stores and a 
 number of mechanical shops. The population 
 in 1900 was 449. 
 
 Richton, another station on the line of the 
 Illinois Central, one mile south of Matteson and 
 near the southern boundary of the township, is 
 a small hamlet with a railway depot and a few 
 
792 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 houses. It has not yet reached the proportions 
 of an incorporated village. The total popula- 
 tion of Rich Township, according to the census 
 of 1900, was 1,421. 
 
 RIVERSIDE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Four sections (Nos. 25, 26, 35, 36), in the 
 southeast corner of Town 39 North, Range 12 
 East, constitute the Township of Riverside, the 
 remainder of the congressional township being 
 embraced within the Township of Proviso. The 
 first white settlers in this section were David 
 and "Barney" (Bernardus) Laugh ton, who 
 came as early as 1828 and established an Indian 
 trading post near Bourbon Springs, between 
 the present villages of Lyons and Riverside 
 (See Lyons Township in this volume). Stephen 
 V. R. Forbes, the first Sheriff of Cook County, 
 ■who came to Chicago in 1829, in the fall of 
 1831 located where the village of Riverside now 
 is. and later purchased considerable land in the 
 vicinity. The towns of Lyons and Riverside 
 were so closely connected at an early date, that 
 the history of one is the history of the other. 
 
 As now constituted, the town of Riverside 
 ■was organized in 1870, on the petition of a 
 majority of the legal voters being set off from 
 Proviso Township. This was the result of a 
 movement which had been set on foot during 
 the previous year to build up a model village 
 and residence suburb where the village of 
 Riverside now stands. The natural beauty of 
 the location on the Des Plaines River in the 
 southeast corner of Proviso Township early 
 attracted attention, and in April, 1869, the 
 Riverside Improvement Company was organ- 
 ized under a special charter granted by the 
 State Legislature for the i)urpose of laying out 
 and promoting the building of a town of the 
 character already de^scribed. The first step was 
 the securing of a tract of 1,600 acres of land, 
 of which 1,200 acres had previously constituted 
 what was known as the "Riverside Farm." 
 formerly owned by David A. Gage, for many 
 years one of the i)ropriPtors of the Tromout 
 House, Chicago. 
 
 This land was platted and laid out under the 
 dlrerijon of Frederick Law Olmsted, the cele- 
 brated landscape architect, gas and water pipes 
 laid, roadB. walks and sewers constructed, 
 parkH laid out and planted, etc. The lots for 
 private residences were laid oul on an ample 
 
 scale and many delightful homes have been 
 there erected and, although the growth in later 
 years has not been what was expected, the place 
 is yet one of the attractive suburbs of the city 
 of Chicago. The people are supplied with pure 
 and healthful water from an artesian well 735 
 feet deep. The population of Riverside Town- 
 ship, according to the census of 1900, was 1,652, 
 of which 1,514 belonged to the village of River- 
 side and 93 to a portion of the village of Gross- 
 dale. A small portion of Riverside village also 
 falls within the boundaries of Lyons Township. 
 
 SCHAUMBURG TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Schaumburg Township, situated in the north- 
 western quarter of Cook County, consists of an 
 entire congressional township (41 N., R. 10 E.) 
 bounded on the north by Barrington and Pala- 
 tine, east by Elk Grove, south by DuPage 
 County, and west by Hanover Township. Many 
 of the early settlers were Germans, hence its 
 name from Schaumburg-Lippe, Germany. The 
 first settler in the vicinity was Trumbull Kent, 
 who came from Oswego County, N. Y., and set- 
 tled in the southwest corner of what is now 
 Palatine Township, but when the land came 
 into market, entered a tract for his daughter, 
 Alameda Kent, in Schaumburg. During the 
 same year the Bailey family came from New 
 Hampshire and settled in the southeastern part 
 of the township, where the father, Amos Bailey, 
 died in 1863. William H. Denton came in 1836 
 and, a few years later, Horace P. Williams, 
 wjio became a wealthy farmer and was one of 
 the founders of the Northwestern University at 
 Evanston. Previous to 1850, the township con- 
 stituted part of Salt Creek Precinct, but on 
 April 2 of that year it was organized with its 
 present dimensions, having then a population 
 of 489. Being strictly an agricultural and 
 dairying district, the growth in population has 
 been slow, that reported in 1900 being 1,003. 
 Schaumburg Center is the post hamlet of the 
 township, with a few houses, a store or two 
 and one or two mechanical shops. There are 
 several cheese factories in the township, the 
 first having been established in 1873. The 
 Elgin branch of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
 Paul railroad touches the southeast corner of 
 Scliauniliurg Township. 
 
HISTORICAL EN:CYCL0PEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 793 
 
 THORNTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Thornton Township, comprising the whole of 
 Town 36 North, Range 14 East, and one-third 
 (the western part) of Town 36 North, Range 
 15 East, bounded on the north by the city of 
 Chicago, east by Lake County, Ind., south by 
 Bloom Township and west by Bremen, was 
 organized as a township in April, 1850. Previ- 
 ous to that date it constituted, with the pres- 
 ent Townships of Rich and Bloom, Thornton 
 Precinct. It is drained by the Grand Calumet 
 and the Little Calumet Rivers, and several 
 small tributaries, of which Thorn and Stony 
 Creeks are the principal. It is also crossed or 
 touched by some half dozen railroad lines enter- 
 ing Chicago from the south and east, the prin- 
 cipal ones being the Illinois Central, the Chi- 
 cago & Grand Trunk, the Chicago & Eastern 
 Illinois and the "Big Four." 
 
 Owing to the fact that several prosperous 
 manufacturing plants and villages are located 
 in this township, it is one of the most populous 
 in the county outside of the city of Chicago, 
 being exceeded only by Evanston Township. 
 The population of the township in 1900 amount- 
 ing to 14,933, was surpassed by Cicero and Pro- 
 viso Townships, but the division of the two 
 last named townships within the past three 
 years has materially reduced the population of 
 each as they now stand. The village of Thorn- 
 ton, near the southern border, is the oldest in 
 the township, and for a number of years it 
 appears to have been the center of population. 
 The first white settler in this vicinity — and 
 believed to be the first within the present lim- 
 its of the township — was William Woodbridge, 
 who settled on the east bank of Thorn Creek 
 in 1834. A year later he located on land just 
 west of the present site of the village and still 
 later opened the first store in the village. In 
 1835 came Stephen Crary, Joseph and Sanford 
 Case, and James Farwell, and in 1836 Stephen 
 Spoor, Christian Randall, James Barton, David 
 Crandall, John Blackstone and Don Carlos 
 Berry — the latter opening up the first tavern 
 here during the same year. A postoflSce was 
 also established about the same time, and Berry 
 was made the first Postmaster. Joseph Milsted, 
 James Childers and William and Elisha Young 
 (brothers) also came to the township in 1836, 
 and the Young brothers opened a trading sta- 
 tion in Thornton. Gurdon S. Hubbard, J. H. 
 Kinzie (of the Chicago Kinzie family) and 
 
 John Blackstone built a saw-mill here about 
 1835 or 1836. The village was platted in 1835 
 by John H. Kinzie who had purchased the land 
 from the Indians, and Hubbard and Blackstone 
 soon after became his partners. The place was 
 named in honor of Col. W. F. Thornton, then of 
 Shelbyville, 111., who was one of the first Com- 
 missioners of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 
 and served as President of the Board for a 
 number of years. This appears also to have 
 been the origin of the name of the township. 
 Stone quarries were opened here about 1850. 
 
 Harvey City, originally South Lawn village, 
 two miles south of the southern boundary of 
 the city of Chicago, is an important manufac- 
 turing center and one of the most flourishing 
 residence suburbs within the limits of Cook 
 County. The first settler in this locality was 
 George Gay, who purchased land and located 
 here in 1870. Three years later, Samuel Dela- 
 mater, John K. Rowley, Joshua P. and John K. 
 Young and Joseph Collett bought land of Joseph 
 Robinson and the Illinois Central Railroad 
 Company, upon which the village of South 
 Lawn was afterwards located. This appears to 
 have had its origin in the establishment here 
 of the plant of the Hopkins Mower Company in 
 1880. 
 
 In November, 1889, Turlington W. Harvey, a 
 former lumber merchant and manufacturer of 
 the city of Chicago, became interested in the 
 site of the village, purchasing of the Young 
 estate and the Hopkins Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, 640 acres of land at the intersection of 
 the Illinois Central and the Chicago & Grand 
 Trunk Railways and, in May, 1891, the village 
 of Harvey was incorporated. In general out- 
 line this embraced the area between One Hun- 
 dred and Forty-seventh and One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Streets, and between Halsted Street 
 and Ashland Avenue, in the territory extended 
 south of the city of Chicago. Previous to this 
 date there was a postoffice at this point under 
 the name of South Lawn, one hotel and pos- 
 sibly half a dozen dwelling houses. The name 
 given to the village, while in recognition of 
 the part borne by Mr. Harvey in its organiza- 
 tion, was at the suggestion of others without 
 his knowledge. 
 
 In the spring of 1890 the Harvey land Associ- 
 ation was organized with a capital stock of 
 $1,000,000, and the development of the village 
 into a manufacturing town began. During the 
 first eighteen months after the incorporation of 
 
794 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 the village the Association soid lots to the 
 amount of $1,800,000, or at the rate of $100, OvJ 
 per month. In the meantime factories, stores 
 and dwellings were rapidly multiplying and, 
 in April. 1895, the village having then an esti- 
 mated population of four to five thousand, was 
 incorporated as a city. At the present time the 
 city has fifteen miles of paved streets, many 
 miles of sewer, seventeen and a half miles of 
 water pipe, several miles of gas-mains, with an 
 electrical plant furnishing both power and light. 
 For protection against fires there is a large 
 water tower giving a pressure of 100 pounds, 
 with fire engine and four or five organized fire 
 companies. The principal streets are paved 
 and bordered with cement side-walks, while 
 the parks and boulevards are lined with shade 
 trees. There are eleven churches, two news- 
 papers — "The Harvey Herald" and "The Trib- 
 une Citizen"— numerous fraternal organizations 
 and six graded schools, some of them occupy- 
 ing the best school buildings to be found in 
 the rural districts of Cook County, besides 
 the Thornton Township High School erected 
 at a cost of $60,000. 
 
 One of the notable features in the growth of 
 Harvey City, which has taken place almost 
 entirely within the past twelve years, has been 
 the development of manufacturing industries. 
 Of these there are at the present time (1903) 
 fifteen enterprises in operation, most of them 
 working in iron. Some of the most important 
 of these are: the Buda Foundry and Manu- 
 facturing Company, engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of railway supplies and small cars; the 
 Chicago Motor- Vehicle Company, manufactur- 
 ers of automobiles for commercial use; the 
 Whitney Foundry Equipment Company; the 
 Acme Gas Company, manufacturers of individ- 
 ual gas-plants for factories and Government 
 works; the Chicago Railway Supply Foundry 
 Company; the Great Northern Structural Com- 
 pany, etc. The town has one bank, which 
 wa.s started in the village days and is now in 
 a prosperous condition. 
 
 An element which contributed to the popu- 
 larity of Harvey as a residence suburb in its 
 early history, as well as to Its prosperity as 
 a manufacturing town, was the exclusion of 
 the Kaloon from the city limits, but this feature 
 haH Hlncp bf-en eliminated by the aggresulons of 
 th»» saloon element. The population of 5,395 
 according to the census of 1900, is now esti- 
 mated at 6,000. 
 
 Besides three railway trunk lines — the Illi- 
 nois Central, the "Big Four" (Cleveland, Cin- 
 cinnati, Chicago & St. Louis), and the Grand 
 Trunk Railway — Harvey City is accessible over 
 the lines of the Chicago Terminal Transfer 
 Company by every railroad entering Chicago 
 from the east. It is also reached by an inter- 
 urban trolley-line from the city of Chicago. 
 
 Dolton village in the northern part of 
 Thornton Township, just south of the city of 
 Chicago and at the intersection of the Pitts- 
 burg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis ("Pan 
 Handle") and the Chicago & Eastern Illinois 
 Railways, next to Thornton is probably the 
 oldest settlement in the township. Its first 
 settler was Andrew H. Dolton, who came here 
 in 1846, and was joined by his brothers, Henry 
 B. and Charles H. Dolton, a few years later. 
 In 1868 the village was platted and the first 
 school house built, and a year later a postoffice 
 was established with Andrew H. Dolton as 
 Postmaster. A large proportion of the popula- 
 tion are Germans. The Dolton brothers, the 
 founders of the place, were enterprising, pub- 
 lic-spirited men who left their impress for 
 good upon the community. The population of 
 the village in 1900 was 1,229. The main line 
 of the Illinois Central Railroad runs a short 
 distance west of Dolton, but is easily accessible 
 from the village. 
 
 Lansing, a village and railway station on the 
 line of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis 
 Railway, in the southeast corner of the town- 
 ship, six and a half miles from Dolton. is 
 located on a sandy ridge surrounded by natural 
 meadows on the low lands. The first settlers 
 were John, George and Henry Lansing, from 
 whom the town took its name when platted 
 by John Lansing in 1865. The principal busi- 
 ness a score of years ago was the baling and 
 shipping of hay grown in the vicinity. The 
 population is largely German. The village had 
 a population, according to the census of 1900, 
 of 830. 
 
 Homewood, a station on the Illinois Central 
 Railroad in the extreme southwest corner of 
 Thornton Township, was platted by James Hart 
 in 1852, under the name of Hartford, and a 
 postoffice was established there the same year. 
 Settlement began In the early '40s, but about 
 1848-50 many German colonists began to arrive 
 and, in later years the settlement became 
 almo.st entirely German. The population of 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 795 
 
 the village in 1900 was 352. The district is 
 almost entirely agricultural. 
 
 South Holland, a station and village in the 
 central part of the township three miles south 
 of Dolton, dates it origin back to 1847, when 
 immigrants from Germany began to come in 
 and laid the foundation of what was long 
 known as the "Dutch Settlement." The com- 
 munity, while almost solely agricultural, is 
 one of the most prosperous in the rural por- 
 tions of Cook County. The village numbered 
 a population in 1900 of 766. 
 
 West Hammond, situated in the northeast 
 corner of Thornton Township, one mile south 
 of Chicago city limits, is the result of the 
 overflow of the city of Hammond, Ind., from 
 which it is separated by the state line. The 
 first settler in this vicinity was E. W. Hohman 
 who located there in 1849. Besides the Michi- 
 gan Central Railroad, the village has con- 
 venient access to the Chicago & Erie, the New 
 York, Chicago & St. Louis, and the Western 
 Indiana Railroads. Like its Indiana neighbor, 
 West Hammond is a manufacturing center and 
 has a rapidly growing population. It was incor- 
 porated as a separate village in 1892, and in 
 1900, had a population of 2,935. 
 
 Other villages and stations in Thornton 
 Township are Riverdale, just south of the Chi- 
 cago city limits on the Illinois Central, and 
 the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
 Railways; Dolton Junction and Thornton Junc- 
 tion. 
 
 PREHISTORIC REMAINS. 
 
 Thornton Township, like Palos in the west- 
 ern part of Cook County, seems to have been 
 once the home of a people who left evidence of 
 their occupation of this region at a very early 
 day, but without furnishing conclusive evi- 
 dence as to who they were or the date of their 
 presence. The following paragraph relating 
 to these prehistoric remains is taken from the 
 valuable "History of Cook County," published 
 by A. T. Andreas in 1884: 
 
 "When the first settlers arrived at Thornton, 
 they found the ruins of what Iiad evidently 
 been Indian fortifications occupying the site 
 of the present town. The ruins consisted of 
 outer ditches or trenches and, inside of these, 
 were the works or fortifications proper. On 
 the banks of these, trees apparently not less 
 than one hundred years old, were growing, 
 which only furnished abundant proofs of the 
 indisputable antiquity of the ruins. When 
 
 Joseph Case arrived here he used frequently 
 to talk with the Indians about the origin of 
 the remains, but could only learn that, with 
 them, it was supposed they were built by the 
 French explorers, many years before. In 1871 
 Ira Gardner dug up a number of skeletons 
 in the neighborhood of the fort, which he 
 states were, in his opinion, those of white men 
 rather than of Indians. He also, in the same 
 year, dug up in the garden specimens of pot- 
 tery, flint arrow-heads, a stone-chisel and a 
 pair of stone bullet-molds. It is claimed by 
 some that these relics belonged to the Southern 
 Indians who, at one time before they were 
 driven still farther south by the more war- 
 like tribes of the North, had possession of 
 this portion of the country." 
 
 WHEELING TOWNSHIP. 
 
 BY DR. .lAAIES ELLISON BE.ST. 
 
 The Township of Wheeling lies in the north- 
 ern part of Cook County, bounded by Lake 
 County on the north. Township of Northfield 
 on the east, Maine and Elk Grove on the south, 
 and Palatine on the west, containing thirty-six 
 Sections. The soil is a rich prairie loam. In 
 the main the surface is quite level, but sloping 
 gradually to the east, and is drained by four 
 unnamed creeks which empty into the Des 
 Plaines River; the latter flows in a southerly 
 direction along the eastern border of the town- 
 ship, its bed lying partly in Wheeling and 
 partly in Northfield Township. A strip of tim- 
 ber about three-fourths of a mile wide lines its 
 eastern bank, and is divided about equally 
 between the two townships. The absence of 
 timber upon its western bank was probably 
 due to the annual prairie fires started by the 
 torch of the aborigines, which destroyed all 
 perennial plants. The river, serving as a bar- 
 rier against the fires from the west, afforded 
 protection to the timber on the eastern bank. 
 The western border of the township reaches 
 nearly, or quite, to the divide between the Des 
 Plaines River on the east and Salt Creek on 
 the west, its altitude being about seven hun- 
 dred feet above sea level. All the water from 
 Wheeling flows to the Des Plaines River, while 
 the water from Palatine flows through Salt 
 
796 
 
 HISTORICAL EK'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Creek, south, except that from the two north- 
 east sections, which flows east through Wheel- 
 ing to the Des Plaines. 
 
 Prior to settlement by white men this region 
 was occupied for sixty-four years — viz.: from 
 1769 to 1833 — by Pottawatomie Indians; previ- 
 ous to that by the Miami Confederacy, who 
 occupied this region at the time of La Salle's 
 first visit in 1681. which is the remotest period 
 known to the historian regarding this section. 
 
 The first settler in what is now Wheeling 
 Township, was a Mr. Sweet, who arrived in 
 March, 1833, selected a claim on Section 13, and 
 built a cabin in which he lived until the follow- 
 ing September, when he sold his right of squat- 
 ' ter's claim and his cabin to George Strong, who 
 became the first permanent white settler in the 
 township. At that time, his nearest neighbor 
 on the north was a Captain Wright, who was 
 said to be the only settler between the Strong 
 place and Waukegan. 
 
 On September 26, 1833, the treaty with the 
 Pottawatomies was ratified, after which set- 
 tlers came in considerable numbers. Almost 
 immediately afterward Timothy Titcomb set- 
 tled on Section 13. just north of Mr. Strong. 
 In December General Peet located where his 
 son, A. W. Peet, afterward lived. 
 
 In 1834 William B. Clay and his two sons, 
 John B. and E. H., settled on Section 2. S. M. 
 Salisbury also settled on Section 2, James 
 Mackey on Section 24, Christopher and Daniel 
 Stanger on Section 13, and Christian Stryker 
 on Section 12. In 1835 came Peter Gebhart, 
 who afterward sold out to Henry Miller. 
 Joseph Filkins had located a claim in 1834, 
 built his cabin and moved his family into it in 
 1835. The same year Isaac Martin, Matthew 
 Chivel, Thomas Bradwell and other settlers 
 arrived. About eighteen log cabins were built 
 during the year. 
 
 In 1836 the well-to-do William Hopps located 
 on Section 3. Into his house Satan afterward 
 entered, and the first and only murder in the 
 township occurred, Hopps being acquitted of 
 the killing of his wife on the plea of insanity, 
 through the exceptional ruling of Judge McAl- 
 lister, at which the public was greatly incensed. 
 Hopps finally died In the Poor Iloune at Dunninf!;. 
 
 In March, 1830, Asa Dunlon and his two sons, 
 William H. and James, camo from Oswego, 
 N. Y. They pa.sHcd through what is now the 
 site of Arlington H<'lghts, Helecled thoir claims 
 an'l went on to Deer Grove In Palatine Town- 
 
 ship, where they were among the first actual 
 settlers. The next year they returned and 
 located on Section 29. 
 
 Ephraim and Charles Morrison settled on 
 Section 11, in 1837, Conrad Miller came the 
 same year. George Metz located on Section 12. 
 His brothers-in-law, Ludwig Fischer and 
 George Graff, came soon after, together with 
 many others whose names cannot now be ascer- 
 tained. During this year the government sur- 
 vey was made, after which settlers came in 
 more rapidly than before. 
 
 The population in 1900 was 3,010. Only three 
 are now (1900) living in the township who 
 came before 1837, viz.: Luther W. and John B. 
 Whiting and D. K. Draper, who settled in Elk 
 Grove, but for many years have been identified 
 with Wheeling. 
 
 In 1833 a territorial council was held in 
 Detroit, of which Governor Doty was a member 
 from Wisconsin. He made a motion that a 
 mail route be opened from Chicago to Green 
 Bay by way of Milwaukee. The motion pre- 
 vailed and Juneau, the founder of Milwaukee, 
 took the contract. The mail was carried by 
 stage coach, following an Indian trail which led 
 northwest from Chicago, and probably extended 
 to Green Bay, the former home of the Potta- 
 watomie tribe. This road passes through the 
 northeast corner of Wheeling Township, and 
 is now known as the Milwaukee Road. The 
 road was surveyed in 1835 as a post-route 
 under direction of the War Department, and is 
 on record at Washington, D. C. The first set- 
 tlers in the township located along this road. 
 
 In 1836 a road was laid out from Sand Ridge 
 crossing the Des Plaines River at Rand's place. 
 This road passes diagonally, from southeast to 
 northwest, through Wheeling Township, and is 
 known as the Rand Road. It is said to have 
 been an old military trail leading from Chicago 
 to Fort Atkinson. Later, it was used for a 
 time as a stage-line and post-route. This road 
 was surveyed under direction of the War 
 Department as a post-route and is on record at 
 Washington. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature in 1839, a road 
 was laid out from Naperville, via Babcock's 
 Grove, Meacham's Grove, Elk Grove, and Buf- 
 falo Grove, to Indian Creek (now Half-Day), 
 which is said to have been the extension of an 
 old mail-route from St. Louis to Naperville. 
 It passes nearly through the township from 
 south to north. Ilicn east a mile and a half. 
 
Hurv'seil Puhlishit 
 
 C. /2^.^.9^.^ 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 797 
 
 then north, and is known as the State Road. 
 
 In 1840 Thomas Bradwell and others peti- 
 tioned for a road leading from Wheeling to 
 McHenry via Buffalo Grove and Long Grove. 
 It was laid out by the Court Commissioners of 
 Lake County in 1842. This road continues west 
 from Wheeling. After it passes the branch to 
 Buffalo Grove, to the point where it meets the 
 State Road, it is not on record. The remainder 
 of the roads in the township were laid out by 
 township authorities, after organization, which 
 occurred in 1850. 
 
 Improvement of the roads was made princi- 
 pally by the people working out the amount of 
 road taxes under the pathmaster system. The 
 work consisted largely of grading and building 
 bridges. Owing to the level surface and sticky 
 quality of the soil, in wet weather, the roads 
 were nearly impassable. 
 
 In 1874 some gratuitous work of graveling 
 was done on the road leading west from Wheel- 
 ing. The following year an organized effort 
 was made by the County Commissioners and 
 Township Highway Commissioners, viz.: Peter 
 Beyer, Philip Hart and Henry Engelking; 
 afterwards C. Schoenbeck and others were 
 instrumental in continuing the good work, until 
 there are now but three or four miles of 
 ungraveled roads in the township. 
 
 Public Schools. — There are no records con- 
 nected with the schools of this township of an 
 earlier date than April 6, 1857. At that time 
 there were ten districts, some of which have 
 been united and, at the present time, there are 
 but seven, besides one union district embracing 
 portions of Wlieeling, Maine, and Elk Grove 
 Townships, the school house being located at 
 Mount Prospect in the last named township. 
 
 St. Mary's Training School. — In the early 
 60's the first orphan asylum and reformatory 
 for boys for the Catholic diocese of Chicago 
 was incorporated and located in the southwest- 
 ern part of the city, which was then a rich 
 prairie. The institution pursued the even tenor 
 of its way until the winter of 1871, when it 
 was obliged to do heroic work in caring for 
 hundreds of children left destitute by the great 
 fire. ^ The Christian Brothers were then in 
 charge of the asylum, and many were the sacri- 
 fices they patiently underwent for the benefit 
 of the boys. 
 
 In 1882 the asylum proving inadequate for its 
 purpose, the late Archbishop Feehan, with the 
 assistance of the diocesan clergy, secured the 
 
 present site of Feehanville as a home for the 
 St. Mary's Training School. It is situated on 
 the Wisconsin Central Railway, in the south- 
 eastern part of Wheeling Township, on the Des 
 Plaines River. In 1899 all of the buildings 
 were burned. Immediately after the fire, steps 
 were taken to rebuild on a much larger scale, 
 anticipating an expenditure of $800,000 and the 
 accommodation of 1,000 inmates. 
 
 Arlington Heights is situated in the south- 
 west part of the Township on the Wisconsin 
 Division of the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 
 way, twenty-two and four-tenths miles from 
 Chicago. In 1854 the railroad station was built. 
 For a short time it was called Elk Grove Sta- 
 tion, but later was named Dunton, after the 
 owner of the farm, W. H. Dunton, on whose 
 land the original town was platted Nov. 3, 1854. 
 The same year Dr. F. T. Miner built a store at 
 the corner of State Road and Park Street. Dur- 
 ing the year Henry Huksell opened a store on 
 the State Road, Stephen Briggs a hotel at the 
 corner of Campbell and Evergreen Streets, and 
 Meyer Blum a meat market. The first resi- 
 dence in the place was the farm house of Wm. 
 H. Dunton, built in 1845. 
 
 In 1855 the Post Office was established with 
 Asa Dunton as Postmaster, the office being kept 
 in W. H. Dunton's house; W. G. Wing erected a 
 store on the State Road; two blacksmith shops 
 were started, one by a Mr. Page, the other by 
 John Fleming; Wm. Wallace opened a wagon 
 shop and James McGrath built the second resi- 
 dence. 
 
 A store was started in 1856 by J. V. Downs 
 & Co., on Dunton Street; a shoe store by John 
 King; a hotel by Fred Tesch on Dunton Street; 
 John H. Gale established a hardware store on 
 the northwest corner of Dunton and Campbell 
 Streets, John Klehm started a nursery, which 
 has steadily grown until it now covers one hun- 
 dred acres, and is one of the finest in the 
 Northwest. His greenhouses number fifteen. 
 
 In 1857 James Dunton and Young W. Miller 
 started a store on Dunton Street, and in 1860 
 William De Long a tin-shop; .Jacob Sigwalt a 
 hotel. Ira Woodruff built a hotel north of the 
 railroad on Evergreen Street. Enoch Williams 
 erected a cheese factory in 1861, which he 
 afterward sold to Heinrich Brothers. 
 
 In 1862 C. Rehling started a meat market. 
 In 1863 Johnson and Peter established a grain 
 elevator and lumber yard, which they sold in 
 1871 to C. Geils, who added a sash and door 
 
798 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 factory. C. Taege started a hardware store in 
 1863, and the following year Henry Weinrich 
 became partner in the business. In 1865 James 
 Shiner built a grist-mill, which he sold in 1870 
 to Konrad KoUing & Sons. Charles Reisner 
 started a shoe store in 1866. The next year C. 
 Yolz opened his furniture store and undertak- 
 ing establishment. In 1868 Joseph Bray 
 engaged in the hardware business and, five 
 years later built the first brick store in the 
 town, located on Dunton Street. The same 
 year Meyer Blum purchased the Madison House, 
 and G. A. Schmidt opened a meat market. In 
 1869 Henry Luttge bought the store of Charles 
 Degen and went into business. In 1874, with 
 Taege & Weinrich, he replaced their wooden 
 buildings with substantial brick ones. 
 
 The Bottling Works of F. W. Muller were 
 established in 1872. David Peter and Tewks- 
 bury built an elevator. Later, John Kolberg 
 opened a store, which he sofd to William Bat- 
 terman, who built his brick store in 1891. In 
 1872, a weekly paper, the "Cook County Her- 
 ald," was started by Frank Holton. It was 
 afterward conducted by W. C. Williams, who 
 sold to George Bugbee, who, in turn, sold to H. 
 C. Paddock, the present editor and publisher. 
 
 During this same year (1872) Henry Flentie 
 opened a blacksmith shop, Charles H. Lorenzen 
 a wagon shop, and Henry Bolte a shoe store. 
 The latter replaced his old building with a 
 brick one in 1897. 
 
 In 1874 the name of the village was changed 
 to Arlington Heights. Railroad Park, north of 
 the track, was improved and elm trees planted. 
 Henry Behlendorf erected a store on Dunton 
 Street, and went into business, and E. M. 
 Thomas opened the first drugstore at the same 
 time and i)lace. J. W. Burkitt went into the 
 jewelry and hardware business, but sold out 
 the latter in 1884 to R. Bray and A. T. Kates, 
 who still continue the business. In addition 
 they manufacture creamery and dairy supplies 
 in a large two-story brick factory, built by 
 them in 1897. Since then Bray & Kates have 
 made extensive imi)rovements in the size and 
 numljer of their buildings, including the erec- 
 tion of a tin-house 40x60 feel for the manu- 
 facture of their own tin and tinware, in which 
 they employ about one hundred people, includ- 
 ing both sexoH. They employ alK)ut forty men. 
 
 In 187G Dr. J. E. Farwell opened a drug-store, 
 and John Sigwalt, Jr.. & Co., established a 
 Sevlng Machine Factory and fotindry. After 
 
 two years they formed a joint-stock company 
 under the name of the Sigwalt Sewing Machine 
 Co., with a capital of $75,000, and carried on 
 business from 1878 to 1883, during which time 
 they manufactured 40,000 machines. In 1883 
 the corporate name was changed to the 
 Diamond Sewing Machine* Company. The plant 
 was burned in 1895. It was rebuilt as a 
 Machine Works and Foundry by James H. Har- 
 ris, who employs 75 men and is doing a pros- 
 perous business. 
 
 In 1880 Peter Morse opened a bakery. In 
 1882 F. E. Davis engaged in the mercantile 
 business. W. M. Dyas established a drugstore; 
 the next year J. A. Kennicott, C. Geils and 
 Henry Meyer constructed an ice house and 
 excavated a pond. Mr. Meyer soon after pur- 
 chased the entire property. The following year 
 
 E. P. Muller succeeded F. Pfeiffer in the man- 
 agement of the grain elevator; two years later 
 
 F. Stuenkel became his partner. They were 
 succeeded by S. E. Pate in 1894. Peter Hart- 
 man opened a shoe-store in 1887. The year fol- 
 lowing, U. Reese started a livery stable, and in 
 '98 a furniture store and undertaking establish- 
 ment. 
 
 January 18, 1887, the village of Arlington 
 Heights was Incorporated. For the first few 
 years the public improvements consisted mainly 
 in lighting and grading the streets and building 
 sidewalks. In 1897, F. W. Muller, President of 
 the Village Board, with others, began more 
 permanent improvements, by draining, curbing 
 and grading North Dunton Street. In 1899 
 Charles Sigwalt, as President of the Board, 
 with others, began a general drainage system 
 for the entire village. 
 
 The Chicago & Northwestern Railway con- 
 structed a double track and built a new depot 
 in 1892. The next year the parks on the south 
 side of the tracks were improved and maples 
 planted. The same year F. Redeker engaged 
 in the mercantile business and six years later 
 built his brick store on the corner of Campbell 
 and Vail Streets. Julius Berbecker & Sons 
 established a cabinet hardware and upholstery 
 wholesale business in 1894. August Kelling 
 rebuilt his hotel with brick. N. Volz & Weid- 
 ner succeeded C. Geils in the grain elevator. 
 George H. Allison purchased a warehouse of J. 
 W. Burkitt. Three years later he sold to L. G. 
 Helm, who added a lumber yard. 
 
 In 1895 the Magnolia Metal Works, whose 
 main offlco is in Now York City, built a branch 
 
HISTORICAL EN'CZCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 799 
 
 factory here for the manufacture of Babbitt 
 metal, with Wallace Beardsley as superinten- 
 dent. In 1898 John Busch built a hotel corner 
 of Vail and Campbell Streets. 
 
 Those engaged in business at present — not 
 previously named — are: F. Seiberg, hardware 
 merchant; E. Seiberg, meat market; H. J. Lor- 
 enzen, store; R. Lauterberg, hotel; William 
 Schrader, hotel; A. Blum, hotel; Henry Boeger 
 & Sons, lumber yard and planing mill; R. C. 
 Nehls, drug-store; P. Haker, furniture store; 
 C. Schiffman, restaurant. 
 
 In 1901 The Arlington Heights State Bank 
 was organized with a capital of $25,000. The 
 oflBcers are: E. N. Berbecker, President; Wil- 
 liam Thiemann, Vice-President; B. B. Castle, 
 Cashier. Directors: P. V. Castle, J. W. 
 Burkitt, E. P. Muller, William F. Meyer, Wil- 
 liam Bresse, J. V. Whiting. 
 
 During the same year Peter and Volz pur- 
 chased the foundry and machine shop of the 
 James H. Harris estate, and are doing a thriv- 
 ing business, employing about sixty men. In 
 1904, Otto Landmeyer having formerly pur- 
 chased the hardware store of Bray & Kates, 
 made substantial additions. 
 
 In 1902 system of city water works was 
 begun by general taxation under the adminis- 
 tration of Charles Sigwalt. That year about 
 4,000 feet of six and eight inch water mains 
 were laid. 
 
 In 1903 a sixty thousand gallon steel tank 
 and tower were erected at the corner of Chest- 
 nut and Hawthorne Streets (altitude of tower 
 95 ft.) A reservoir and pumping station of 
 ample capacity to anticipate the growth of vil- 
 lage was located at the Town Hall at a cost of 
 about $10,000. A petition is now pending in 
 the county court to complete the laying, by 
 special assessment, of mains throughout the 
 village, the estimated cost being $28,000. 
 
 In 1903 E. Winklemann replaced the old Mad- 
 ison House with a handsome brick structure 
 and U. A. Reese built a fine two-story brick 
 furniture store at the corner of State Road and 
 Park Street. 
 
 During this year nearly forty new dwellings 
 were erected, most of them being of substantial 
 character, making the largest growth in the 
 history of the village. 
 
 The population of the village in 1900 was 
 1,380. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Thk First Presbyterian Society of Arling- 
 ton Heights, was organized Sept. 28, 1855, with 
 W. H. Dunton, Wm. Scoville and E. A. Allen as 
 trustees. The church was organized in 1856, 
 the Rev. D. H. Kingsley being the first pastor 
 and remaining from Sept. 24, 1856, to May, 
 1860. The church had fifteen members at the 
 time of its organization, and Asa Dunton was 
 chosen Elder for life. Two lots for the church, 
 and one for the parsonage were donated by W. 
 H. Dunton at the corner of Dunton and East- 
 man Streets, and a church building, 32x48 feet, 
 was erected at a cost of about $3,000. The year 
 following a parsonage was built. Subsequently 
 this parsonage was sold, and in 1899 a new par- 
 sonage was built on the vacant church lot at a 
 cost of about $1,800. The pastors following 
 Mr. Kingsley have been: Revs. C. F. Beach, 
 Newton Barrett, Wm. Bartholomew, Wm. Cort, 
 Alex. Gilchrist, and Wm. Reynolds. The stated 
 supplies have been the Revs. Calvin Clark, T. 
 S. Hubbard, John R. Sutherland, George D. 
 Marsh, Wm. E. Clark, George Irwin, Bas- 
 sett, Chas. Campbell, and Neil McKechnie, all 
 of whom did acceptable work. 
 
 The present membership is 114, and the Sun- 
 day School has a membership of 165. Henry 
 G. Lorenzen has been Superintendent of the 
 latter for the past seven years. 
 
 The other auxiliary organizations include the 
 Ladies Aid, The Woman's Home and Foreign 
 Missionary Societies, The Christian Endeavor, 
 and The Children's Mission Band — all ably con- 
 ducted and in a flourishing condition. 
 
 The Methodist Episcop.\l Church. — Prior to 
 the year 1840, the Methodists had a class at Elk 
 Grove, which belonged to the Wheeling Circuit. 
 October 31, 1840, the Rev. John T. Mitchell, the 
 Presiding Elder, held the first quarterly meet- 
 ing. After the railroad reached Dunton, the 
 services were transferred to that place, and 
 for some months were held in the attic of W. G. 
 Wing's store. 
 
 In 1858 Rev. Thomas Cochran preached here. 
 The next year he was succeeded by Rev. T. L. 
 Olmsted, who held a series of revival meetings 
 which resulted in many accessions to the mem- 
 bership of the church, and in the erection of a 
 church edifice in 1860, at a cost of about $2,000. 
 Only the lecture room was finished at this time, 
 and services were held there until the year 
 1870, when the audience room was completed 
 
8oo 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 at a cost of $1,000. Soon after the erection of 
 the church, a parsonage was purchased for the 
 sum of $1,800. It is still owned by the society. 
 .Among the early members and organizers of 
 the church were: Joseph E. Kennicott, F. W. 
 Page, Thomas Allison, E. B. Wheeler, Joseph 
 Bray, Alexander Allen, Hiram Perry, J. S. 
 Clough, Eli Skinner, John Bromley, Jonathan 
 Fellows, A. G. Skinner, and their families; 
 Joel Burlingame and his wife, Phoebe B., who 
 left her entire estate, valued at $3,000, for the 
 sole use and benefit of the church. The pres- 
 ent membership is seventy-two. 
 
 The auxiliaries of the church are the Sabbath 
 School, numbering 115; the Epworth League, 
 whose membership is 42; and the Ladies' Aid 
 Society. All are in a flourishing condition. 
 
 The R\-axoelical Lutheran Church, St. 
 Peter congregation of Arlington Heights, 111., 
 was organized in the year 1860, then compris- 
 ing seven voting members. The first pastors 
 were the Revs. W. Bartling and H. Schmidt, 
 located at Elk Grove. In 1867 the congregation 
 concluded to have its own pastor, and therefore 
 extended a call to Rev. J. E. Roeder, then in 
 Canada, who acknowledged the vocation sent 
 him as a divine call, arriving here with his 
 family April 22, 1868. In 1893 the congrega- 
 tion celebrated his twenty-fifth anniversary 
 with a public service, also making him rich 
 presents as evidence of their gratitude. Owing 
 to ill health and old age, however, Mr. Roeder 
 was compelled to resign a few years since, hav- 
 ing served at this place for thirty-one years. 
 Rev. C. M. Noack, from Sioux City, la., then 
 took charge of the congregation. Soon after 
 its organization the congregation, in recogni- 
 tion of its duty, opened a parochial school, not 
 In opposition to the public school, but accord- 
 ing to the principle that Christian children 
 from their early youth, should have a Christian 
 education. After having had several teachers, 
 Mr. F. Militzer accepted a call to take charge 
 of the school and began his work in 1873. In 
 1898 the congregation could also celebrate his 
 twenty-fifth anniversary. Owing to the con- 
 Kiant growth of its school, the congregation 
 found It necessary to open a second class in 
 1882. Miss H. Welnrlch, of Arlington Heights, 
 takInK charge of the younger pupils. After 
 having served for nine years she was succeeded 
 by her sister, Miss Hfdwig Welnrlch, who 
 servfd eight years. Last ye^r Mr. R. Kranz, 
 then a tfacher In Nlles, III., accepted a call and 
 Is now Instructing the Junior class. The school 
 
 numbering about 16 scholars at its organiza- 
 tion, to-day numbers 180. 
 
 The constant growth of the congregation 
 made the erection of larger church and school 
 buildings necessary. In 1892, therefore, a fine 
 brick edifice, with steeple, was erected at a 
 cost of $16,000 (including pipe organ and bell), 
 to replace the old church, some time before 
 purchased from the Universalist congregation, 
 this being neatly fitted for school purposes. In 
 1899 this, too, was found inadequate for the 
 number of scholars; it was therefore decided to 
 erect a two-story brick school house with four 
 spacious rooms and all modern improvements; 
 also a new parsonage, at a cost of $10,000. At 
 present the congregation numbers 1,000 souls. 
 Since its organization, up to 1901, 1,285 chil- 
 dren have been christened there, 246 couples 
 married and 547 persons buried. The congre- 
 gation is connected with the Lutheran Synod 
 of Missouri, Ohio and other States. 
 
 In 1892 the Lutheran congregations of Chi- 
 cago and vicinity erected a Home for the Aged 
 in Arlington Heights, and bought sixteen acres 
 of land at an aggregate value of $30,000. The 
 present number of inmates is seventy. 
 
 The Universalist Church was organized in 
 1862 with a membership of about 100. The 
 members were widely scattered. The church 
 never had a settled pastor, but among the most 
 prominent ministers were the Rev. P. Liver- 
 more, Rev. J. A. Fishback, Rev. W. H. Ryder 
 and Rev. Buckley. At the end of seven years, 
 finding themselves unable to maintain their 
 church longer, they sold the building to the 
 Evangelical Lutherans and disbanded. 
 
 The WojtAN's Club of Arlington Heights. — 
 The need of a Woman's Club in Arlington 
 Heights, was the thought of Mrs. Amos W. 
 Walker. On January 16, 1888, she invited six 
 ladies to meet with her, and a club was organ- 
 ized. Until her removal from the place, two 
 years later, she was the leader and arranged 
 all the work. From 1890 to this time (1901) 
 there has been a steady growth in numbers, 
 the present membership being sixty. The offi- 
 cers (up to 1900) have been: President, Mrs. 
 Emily T. B. Draper; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Het- 
 tie L. Noyes, Mrs. Celestia T. Best, whose 
 removal by death was a great loss to the 
 society, and Mrs. Elizabeth J. Bray; Secretary, 
 Mrs. Hattie E. B. Farwell; Assistant Secretary, 
 Mrs. Grace N. Loronzen; Treasurer, Mrs. Nellie 
 N. Best; Librarians, Miss Lucy and Miss Effle 
 Shepard. The society was federated September 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1899. Among the studies pursued have been: 
 English History, English and American Litera- 
 ture, History of the United States, Civil Gov- 
 ernment, Moulton's Course of Novel Reading, 
 History of Germany, History of Illinois, and 
 the Early Italian Painters. From the first this 
 society has been interested in charity work. In 
 1897 a Club Library was started, which has 
 been added to year by year. A distinctive fea- 
 ture of this society has been the free expression 
 of individual opinions and beliefs, which is 
 always encouraged and tolerated. 
 
 Public School. — The first school house, built 
 in 1849, was sixteen feet square and was used 
 until 1856, when a building containing two 
 rooms was erected. Subsequently two teachers 
 were employed until 1870. A two-storied brick 
 school house, containing four rooms, was now 
 built, costing $10,000 — the grounds costing $800 
 additional. Harrison Merry, the principal, 
 established a graded system. The school has, 
 at present, five teachers and an enrollment of 
 220 pupils. 
 
 Medical History of Aklington Heights. — 
 Dr. Frederick T. Miner, pioneer physician of 
 this locality, located at Elk Grove in 1834. 
 After the railroad was built he moved to Arl- 
 ington Heights village and continued practice 
 until his death, which occurred in 1861. 
 
 Dr. James B. Hawkes came in 1857, practiced 
 medicine until 1883, and remained until his 
 death in 1898. 
 
 Dr. John E. Best came in 1870, and is still 
 engaged in the practice of medicine. 
 
 Dr. William Loughlin came in 1888 and 
 removed in 1898. 
 
 Dr. W. M. Dyas graduated in 1896 and is still 
 practicing. 
 
 Dr. B. W. Griffin, whose wife is a grand- 
 daughter of Dr. Miner, came in 1897 and 
 removed from Arlington Heights in 1900. 
 
 Dr. E. A. Elfeld began the practice of medi- 
 cine here in 1902, and is still practicing. 
 
 Dr. Bruce T. Best began practicing in 1904. 
 
 In the meantime many other physicians have 
 come, remaining only a short time. 
 
 Dr. Ray Gibbs opened the first dental office 
 in 1897, and Dr. Cyrus P. Draper began practice 
 as a veterinary surgeon in 1902. 
 
 The Village of Wheeling is situated in the 
 northeast part of the township on the Des 
 Plaines River. Joseph Filkins built the first 
 residence in 1834. The Post-office was estab- 
 lished in 1836 with Joseph Filkins as Post- 
 master. He opened a hotel the next year and 
 
 Wheeler & Daniels started a store. In 1838 two 
 blacksmith shops were started, one by a Mr. 
 Shepard, the other by Ascher G. Skinner. The 
 second hotel was opened by James Parker in 
 1840. Prior to 1842 John Rothschild started a 
 store. About the same time stores were opened 
 by John M. Schaffer and Wm. Vogt. E. K. 
 Beach opened a blacksmith shop. 
 
 The first public school building was very 
 small; it was erected in 1845. The second, 
 built in 1861, burned in 1870. The present one 
 was erected in 1871. In 1845 Albert Passbinder 
 started a hardware store; two years later 
 Jacob Filbert established a shoe store and 
 Jacob Hausam another soon after. A brewery 
 was started in 1850 by Henry Periolat. In 1851 
 Vitruvius Lodge, No. 81, A. F. & A. M., which 
 had been organized at Niles in 1849, was moved 
 to Wheeling, at which time a charter was 
 granted. 
 
 A hotel was opened by Jacob Hunsinger in 
 1856. The Congregational Church was organ- 
 ized in 1864, and the present building erected 
 in 1866. Wm. Metz opened a blacksmith shop 
 in 1865, and Samuel Reese a wagonshop, which 
 he sold three years later to Louis Fischer. 
 Fred Stryker opened a store in 1873; Martin 
 Armbruster a hotel, and C. Wilflin a harness- 
 shop in 1874. The latter sold out to R. 
 Schneider in 1885. John Behm's hotel was 
 opened in 1877, and John Schminkie's store in 
 1878. In 1880 Henry Boehmer started a cream- 
 ery which, later, Jacob P. Hausam superin- 
 tended for eleven years. Sigwalt & Bollenbach 
 opened a store in 1888. 
 
 The village was incorporated June 19, 1894, 
 including Wheeling Station on the Wisconsin 
 Central Railway, one mile west of the old vil- 
 lage. The depot was built in 1886. The popu- 
 lation in 1900 was 331. 
 
 Medical History. — The pioneer physician of 
 Wheeling was Dr. Julius Purmann, wJio came 
 in 1849, and practiced medicine till his death, 
 which occurred in 1856. 
 
 Dr. Francis R. Mergler located here in 1854, 
 and engaged in the practice of medicine until 
 1875, when he removed to Palatine, where he 
 died in 1880. 
 
 Dr. M. Moffatt practiced here from 1&76 to 1890. 
 
 Dr. Henry Benz came to Wheeling in 1890 
 and is still practicing. In the meantime several 
 others have come, but remained only a short 
 time. 
 
 In Veterinary Work. — Dr. John G. Schneider 
 located here in 1852, and still holds the field. 
 
802 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 THE PART OF BIOGRAPHY IN GENERAL HISTORY — 
 CITIZENS OF COOK COUNTY — PERSONAL SKETCHES 
 ARRANGED IN ENCYCLOPEDIC ORDER. 
 
 The verdict of mankind has awarded to the 
 Muse of History the highest place among the 
 Classic Nine. The extent of her office, how- 
 ever, appears to be, by many minds, but Im- 
 perfectly understood. The task of the historian 
 is comprehensive and exacting. True history 
 reaches beyond the doings of court or camp, 
 beyond the issue of battles, or the effects of 
 treaties, and records the trials and the tri- 
 umphs, the failures and the successes of the 
 men who make history. It is but an imperfect 
 conception of the philosophy of events that fails 
 to accord to portraiture and biography its right- 
 ful position as a part — and no unimportant part 
 — of historical narrative. Behind and beneath 
 the activities of outward life the motive power 
 lies out of sight, just as the furnace fires that 
 work the piston and keep the ponderous screw 
 revolving are down in the darkness of the hold. 
 So, the impulsive power which shapes the 
 course of communities may be found in the 
 moulding influences which form its citizens. 
 
 It is no mere idle curiosity that prompts 
 men to wish to learn the private as well as the 
 public lives of their fellows. Rather is it true 
 that such desire tends to prove universal broth- 
 erhood; and the interest in personality and 
 biography is not confined to men of any partic- 
 ular caste or vocation. 
 
 The list of those to whose lot it falls to play 
 a conspicuous part in the great drama of life 
 is comparatively short; yet communities are 
 made up of Individuals, and the aggregate of 
 achievements — no less than the sum total of 
 human happiness — is made up of the deeds of 
 those men and women whose primary aim, 
 through life. Is faithfully to perform the duty 
 
 that comes nearest to hand. Individual influ- 
 ence upon human affairs will be considered 
 potent or insignificant according to the stand- 
 point from which it is viewed. To him who, 
 standing upon the seashore, notes the ebb and 
 flow of the tides and listens to the sullen roar 
 of the waves, as they break upon the beach 
 in seething foam, seemingly chafing at their 
 limitations, the ocean appears so vast as to 
 need no tributaries. Yet, without the smallest 
 rill that helps to swell the "Father of Waters," 
 the mighty torrent of the Mississippi would 
 be lessened, and the beneficent influence of the 
 Gulf Stream diminished. Countless streams, 
 currents and counter currents — sometimes 
 mingling, sometimes counteracting each other — 
 collectively combine to give motion to the 
 accumulated mass of waters. So is it — and so 
 must it ever be — in the ocean of human action, 
 which is formed by the blending and repulsion 
 of currents of thought, of influence and of life, 
 yet more numerous and more tortuous than 
 those which form the "fountains of the deep." 
 The acts and characters of men, like the sev- 
 eral faces that compose a composite picture, are 
 wrought together into a compact or hetero- 
 geneous whole. History is condensed biogra- 
 phy; "Biography is History teaching by exam- 
 ple." 
 
 It is both interesting and instructive to rise 
 above the generalization of history and trace, 
 in the personality and careers of the men from 
 whom it sprang, the principles and influences, 
 the impulses and ambitions, the labors, strug- 
 gles and triumphs that engrossed their lives. 
 
 Here are recorded the careers and achieve- 
 ments of pioneers who, "when the fullness of 
 time had come," came from widely separated 
 sources, some from beyond the sea, impelled 
 by divers motives, little conscious of the import 
 of their acts, and but dimly anticipating the 
 harvest which would spring from their sowing. 
 They built their primitive homes, toiling for a 
 present subsistence while laying the foundations 
 of private fortunes and future advancement. 
 
 Most of these have passed away, but not 
 before they beheld a development of business 
 and population surpassing the wildest dreams 
 of fancy or expectation. A few yet remain 
 whose years have passed the allotted three score 
 and ten, and who love to recount, among the 
 cherished memories of their lives, their remin- 
 iscences of early days. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 803 
 
 Among these early, hardy settlers, and those 
 who followed them, may be found the names 
 of many who imparted the first impulse to the 
 county's and the city's growth and homelike- 
 ness; the many who, through their identifica- 
 tion with commercial and agricultural pursuits 
 and varied interests, aided in their material 
 progress; of skilled mechanics who first laid 
 the foundations of beautiful homes and pro- 
 ductive industries, and of the members of the 
 learned professions — clergymen, physicians, edu- 
 cators and lawyers — whose influence upon the 
 intellectual life and development of a commu- 
 nity it is impossible to overestimate. 
 
 Municipal institutions arise; Commerce 
 spreads her sails and prepares the way for 
 the magic of Science that drives the locomo- 
 tive engine over the iron-rails. Trade is organ- 
 ized, reaching forth to the shores of the Great 
 Lakes and stretching its arms across the prai- 
 ries to gather in and distribute the products 
 of the soil. Church spires rise to express, in 
 architectural form, the faith and aspirations of 
 the people, while schools, public and private, 
 elevate the standards of education and of artis- 
 tic taste. 
 
 Here are some of the men through whose 
 labors, faith and thought, these magnificent 
 results have been achieved. To them and to 
 their co-laborers, the Chicago and Cook County 
 of today stands an enduring monument, attest- 
 ing their faith, their energy, their courage, and 
 their self-sacrifice. 
 
 [The following items of personal and family history, 
 having been arranged in encyclopedic (or alphabetical) 
 order as to names of the individual subjects, no spe- 
 cial index to this part of the work will be found nec- 
 essary.] 
 
 GEORGE E. ADAMS. 
 George E. Adams, Division Yard Master and 
 Superintendent, Union Stock Yards, was born 
 in Verbank, Dutchess County, N. Y., March 31, 
 1864, educated in the public schools, and after 
 leaving school worked on a farm for five years. 
 Later he learned the blacksmith trade, and 
 coming to Chicago, May 9, 1883, worked in the 
 supply division of the Union Stock Yards for 
 one year; then went to Albion, Boone County, 
 Neb., where he worked on a ranch for one year. 
 Returning to the Union Stock Yards, he 
 
 engaged in unloading cattle for one year, when 
 he was appointed Assistant Yard Master of 
 the Illinois Central Railroad. 
 
 Three years later Mr. Adams was appointed 
 Yard Master for the Wabash Division at the 
 Union Stock Yards, and five years later, was 
 made Superintendent of Division A, which posi- 
 tion he held until October 2, 1899, when he 
 went into the wholesale and retail grocery 
 trade, at 72 Randolph Street, Chicago. Mr. 
 Adams was married to Miss Hattie E. Whit- 
 son, in Chicago, May 6, 1884, and three children 
 have been born of this union. Mr. Adams has 
 many friends and associates who esteem him 
 highly. 
 
 PETER ADLER. 
 
 Peter Adler (deceased), late veteran of the 
 Civil War and former business man of Chi- 
 cago, was a native of Germany, born near 
 Bonn, Prussia, June 19, 1844, the son of Nich- 
 olas and Catherine Adler. His father was a 
 weaver by occupation in his native country, and 
 came to America with his family in 1852, 
 settling in Chicago where both parents con- 
 tinued to reside the remainder of their lives. 
 Peter Adler, who was about eight years old 
 when his parents came to this country, was 
 educated chiefly in the Ogden School, Chicago, 
 and after serving a term of enlistment in the 
 army during the Civil War, took a course in a 
 business college from which he graduated. In 
 his youth he learned the trade of a shoemaker, 
 which he followed for a number of years, and 
 in which he was a practical workman. 
 
 At the age of eighteen years Mr. Adler en- 
 listed as a soldier in the Eighty-second Illinois 
 Volunteer Infantry, which was composed large- 
 ly of Germans of the city of Chicago, and which 
 was organized at Springfield, September 22, 
 1862, and mustered into service one month 
 later under the command of the distinguished 
 German patriot. Col. Frederick Hecker. Dur- 
 ing its period of three years' enlistment, the 
 regiment took part in some of the most des- 
 perate battles of the war, including those of 
 Chancellorsville and Gettysburg in the East, 
 and Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Peach Tree 
 Creek and Atlanta in the South and West. Mr. 
 Adler was wounded in the battle of Peach Tree 
 Creek, but not seriously, being able to rejoin 
 his regiment in time to take part in the mem- 
 orable "March to the Sea" under General Sher- 
 man. 
 
So4 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 After receiving his discharge at the close of 
 the war, Mr. Adler took a thorough course 
 in a business college and, at the age of twenty- 
 three years, engaged in the boot and shoe busi- 
 ness at 210 North Clark Street, Chicago, which 
 he continued until the fire of 1871. Then, 
 after a brief period, he resumed business in 
 the same line at 202 North Clark Street, in 
 which he was engaged continuously for 
 eighteen years, when he retired. In common 
 with the majority of those who had risked 
 their lives in defense of the country during the 
 Civil War, Mr. Adler was an ardent Republican, 
 and, after his retirement from business, de- 
 voted much of his time to polities in which 
 he exerted much local influence. For five years 
 he served as a clerk in the Election Commis- 
 sioner's office, and for fourteen years was 
 Treasurer of the Republican Club in his Ward. 
 In 1890 he was the Republican nominee for 
 Alderman in the Twenty-fourth Ward, but was 
 defeated by a small majority in consequence 
 of a division in the party ranks. In politics, 
 as in all affairs of his life, he was thoroughly 
 upright, conscientious and honest. 
 
 During the latter years of his life Mr. Adler 
 traveled quite extensively, making two trips 
 through Europe, visiting continental countries 
 as well as the British Dominion, and also trav- 
 eled widely throughout the United States and 
 other portions of America. He was enterpris- 
 ing and public-spirited and, while taking a deep 
 interest in measures for the benefit of his fel- 
 low men and society generally, drew to himself 
 many ardent friends. Quiet and unostentatious 
 in manner, he was extremely liberal to the 
 deserving poor, and was especially active in 
 securing the establishment of the Old People's 
 Home, as well as in promoting the success of 
 various other private charities. 
 
 Mr. Adler was united in marriage, .lanuary 2, 
 1868. to Elise S. Steinhaus, daughter of William 
 and Henrietta Steinhaus, and during his entire 
 married life was a model, devoted and loving 
 husband. Mr. and Mrs. Steinhaus came to 
 America in 1852, and resided here up to the 
 time of their death. Of their children, five are 
 ptill living. Mr. Steinhaus, Sr., was a cabinet- 
 maker by trade and a trained musician, having 
 been a muKician In the army in his native 
 fJermany. After coming to America he was 
 eHpf<ially prominent In connection with 
 muHlfal maitrTH. Mr. Adler left no deHcemlantH, 
 
 His death occurred August 17, 1903, and he 
 was buried in Graceland Cemetery. By virtue 
 of his service as a soldier of the Civil War, 
 he was an honored member of George H. 
 Thomas Post, No. 5, Grand Army of the 
 Republic. 
 
 JOHN W. ALLEN. 
 
 John W. Allen, live-stock commission mer- 
 chant, was born in DeSoto, Vernon County, 
 Wis., June 24, 1856, and educated in the public 
 schools, at Howe's College, Mt. Pleasant, and at 
 Bonaparte College, Iowa. After leaving college, 
 he came to Chicago in 1871 and commenced 
 work at the Union Stock Yards for the firm 
 of Orendorff & Allen, and continued with his 
 father in the different firms with which he 
 was connected until 1881, when he went into 
 business for himself. In 1894 he returned to 
 the Union Stock Yards and there engaged with 
 the Wood & Newcomer Company, live-stock 
 commission merchants, until March, 1901, then 
 was associated with the firm of A. L. Dailey 
 & Son, until September 1, 1904, when he 
 changed to his present position with J. H. Wood 
 & Sons. 
 
 Mr. Allen was married in Chicago, November 
 26, 1886, to Miss Hattie J. Emerich, and four 
 children have blessed their union, viz.: Wil- 
 liam C, Gertrude E., Edward F. and Ida L. 
 Allen. By close attention to business Mr. Allen 
 has won for himself the confidence of his 
 associates and employers, and has done his 
 part to help make the Union Stock Yards a 
 success. 
 
 SAMUEL W ALLERTON. 
 The growth of a great industry in a com- 
 munity is an epitome of the development of 
 the city itself; for a city is but an aggregation 
 of industries about which gather a vast army 
 of men with their families, who are in some 
 way connected with the carrying on of these 
 business operations. This great city of Chi- 
 cago, with its multiform industries and far- 
 reaching commerce, owes its marvelous growth 
 and prosperity to its position as distributing 
 center of the products of a vast country, and 
 its concentration of production. A typical 
 branch of its business, and one of the leading 
 sources of lis wealth, has been the prei)aration 
 and distribution of the animal products of the 
 farms which cover the broad prairies of the 
 
Q^Xm, OvAh/v 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 805 
 
 West. The growth and extent of the packing 
 business have been marvelous, and express the 
 productive powers of the wide region tributary 
 to it. Who that visits the Stock Yards, where 
 are gathered, from thousands of farms, cattle, 
 hogs and sheep, filling whole trains, and who 
 that inspects the slaughter and packing houses 
 where these products are prepared to be sent 
 out to all parts of the world as food, can fail 
 to be impressed with the magnitude and im- 
 portance of this industry? During the year 
 1892 over three and a half million head of cat- 
 tle and nearly seven million hogs were received 
 in Chicago, of which over two and a half mil- 
 lion head of cattle, and five and a quarter mil- 
 lion hogs were slaughtered and packed in the 
 city. 
 
 It is not too much to say that Samuel W. 
 Allerton has contributed more than any other 
 man to the establishment and development of 
 this business in Chicago and throughout the 
 West. When he first began to operate in Chi- 
 cago there was no local market for cattle and 
 hogs. They were shipped to New York and 
 other eastern markets. Through his efforts a 
 market was established here, and afterwards 
 packers started their business. 
 
 When, more than forty years ago, he opened 
 his prairie farm, stocking it with cattle, and 
 sought a market for his stock among the 
 butchers of the infant Chicago, he little thought 
 that he would, while yet an active man of 
 business, become the head of a company which 
 would, in that same town, gather cattle and 
 hogs from the farms of many States, and send 
 their product, prepared for the choicest food 
 of men, to all the markets of the world; and 
 yet the Allerton Packing Company, of which 
 until recently he has been president, is but one 
 among many firms that, through their food 
 preparations, have made Chicago famous 
 throughout the world. 
 
 Mr. Allerton is a native of Dutchess County, 
 N. Y., born in 1829. His early home and train- 
 ing were on a farm, and his education only 
 such as the common schools afforded. He 
 early developed a fondness for live stock, and, 
 before reaching his majority, had already be- 
 come a farmer, and had secured profits in 
 stock-raising which were the wonder and envy 
 of the neighboring farmers whose range was 
 confined to crops and the dairy. After a few 
 years he seemed to have an intuitive feeling 
 
 that the prairie country of the great West 
 afforded better scope for raising stock than the 
 narrow farms of Eastern New York; and, after 
 visiting Buffalo and Cleveland, finally settled 
 in Piatt County, 111., and there opened a prairie 
 farm. His stock was brought to Chicago for 
 sale, and gradually his operations were en- 
 larged to buying and selling stock. This led, 
 by gradual but natural steps, to the establish- 
 ment of a live-stock market, and finally to the 
 packing business, which has grown to such 
 immense proportions. More than ordinary en- 
 terprise and sagacity were required to take 
 advantage of the opening opportunities and 
 waiting markets, and establish packing houses 
 in neighboring cities and stock yards through- 
 out the West. Mr. Allerton was equal to the 
 occasion, and extended his business to St. 
 Louis, Omaha, Kansas City and other points. 
 
 The profits of his vast business developed 
 such prudence and good judgment in their 
 management, that Mr. Allerton became an In- 
 vestor and manager in great financial institu- 
 tions. He has long been a director in the 
 First National Bank of Chicago, the leading 
 bank in the West; in the Chicago City Railway 
 company; and in a number of other important 
 institutions. He was also a member of the 
 Board of Managers of the Columbian Exposi- 
 tion. These positions and trusts have not been 
 secured by self-seeking or importunity, but 
 have sought one who had shown rare intelli- 
 gence and fidelity in the management of his 
 own affairs. 
 
 Mr. Allerton is a quiet, unassuming man, 
 wise in action, prudent in conduct, but free 
 and generous in the use of his large accumula- 
 tions. He is keenly alive to public events, and 
 exerts no small influence in the shaping of 
 political and public policies. He is a Repub- 
 lican, and a pronounced advocate of protection 
 for the building up of home industries and the 
 advantage of labor. Articles in the public 
 press, from his pen, discuss economic and 
 financial questions with the clearness of a 
 practical man and no little cogency and literary 
 ability. 
 
 In his domestic relations Mr. Allerton has 
 been happy and fortunate, having been twice 
 married, first in 1860 to Miss Paduella W. 
 Thompson, of Peoria, by whom he has two 
 children, a son and daughter; and again, after 
 her death in 1880, to her sister, Miss Agnes 
 
8o6 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 C. Thompson, who now with the children, 
 shares his elegant and happy home on Prairie 
 Avenue. 
 
 ROBERT AMBROSE. 
 Robert Ambrose, Lieutenant, Engine No. 72, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Vicks- 
 burg, Ky., July 4, 1862, was brought by his par- 
 ents to Chicago in January, 1863, and educated 
 in the Foster and Polk Street public schools. 
 After leaving school he worked for the Con- 
 sumers' Gas Company tor three years. July 
 6, 1887, he joined the Chicago Fire Department, 
 taking a position on Engine 25; was transferred 
 to Engine 12, December 31, 1889, to Engine 5, 
 April, 1890, and to Engine 72, being promoted 
 to Lieutenant, June 16, 1894. He has had many 
 narrow escapes, in 1892 being rescued in an 
 unconscious condition from suffocation at a fire 
 on Harrison and Canal Streets, and so remain- 
 ing for six hours. He was honorably mentioned 
 and awarded a Carter H. Harrison medal for 
 rescuing a member of the Fire Department at 
 a fire in Liberty Hall, 9138-9140 Commercial 
 Avenue, on October 22, 1899. On this occasion 
 he sustained severe injuries, being laid up for 
 five weeks. Lieutenant Ambrose was married 
 in Chicago, Nov. 6, 1887, to Miss Nora Dowling, 
 and eight children have been born to them. 
 
 ENER C. ANDERSON. 
 Ener C. .■Anderson, Chief of Fifth Battalion, 
 Chicago Fire Department, well known as a 
 nimble fire-fighter, was born of rugged stock in 
 Norway, June 23, 1854, and came to Chicago 
 when an infant. As soon as he was able to 
 walk, young Ener mingled with the boys who 
 love to linger in the fields, to jump, wrestle, 
 play ball or fight, and, for the matter of fact, 
 as he grew, his love for athletics waxed 
 Btronger, until he developed into a recognized 
 leader in games, pastimes and finally gymnas- 
 tics — a splendid field of effort for a man of his 
 Inclinations and splendid physique. No con- 
 test of skill or strength by firemen takes place 
 In Chicago with Anderson left out. His trade 
 Ib upholstering. In 1875 he became a member 
 of Engine Company No. 3, commanded by the 
 nobb- fireman. Jack McLean, whose name was 
 a houHehold word In the homes of firemen, not 
 only In Chicago but In many other cities. 
 AndfTKon Hoon rose to a lieutenancy and was 
 trannff-rrwl to Engine No. .I. Here he was 
 
 made a Captain, January 1, 1879, and subse- 
 quently served on Truck 2, Engines 2, 12 and 
 17, and Truck 19. He was Captain of this 
 apparatus when elected Battalion Chief, July 
 1, 1896, where he has served continuously ever 
 since. The firemanship of Anderson is of the 
 highest order. He has always stood in the van 
 as a life-saver. With Swenie, Musham and Cam- 
 pion, his life was miraculously saved in the 
 terrific fire and explosion in the Northwestern 
 Elevator, on the night of August 5, 1897. He 
 has been frequently "laid up for repairs," but 
 has grown stronger both mentally and physic- 
 ally by experience. 
 
 JOSEPH ANDERSON. 
 
 Few sights are more beautiful or more in- 
 spiring than that of a vigorous old age crown- 
 ing a long and well-spent life. The September 
 sun lacks the fierce, burning heat of that of 
 July, but it ripens rich harvests of golden grain. 
 So, although the fiery passions of youth have 
 burned themselves out, old age is rich in les- 
 sons of wisdom and experience. Such reflec- 
 tions as these are suggested by reviewing the 
 lives of such men as Joseph Anderson, whose 
 face and form have long been familiar at the 
 Union Stock Yards, where he enjoys, to a 
 marked degree, the esteem and confidence of 
 those with whom he has been associated for 
 half an ordinary life-time. 
 
 Mr. Anderson was born at Columbus, Ky., 
 February 1, 1825. When he was a boy of five 
 years his family removed to Illinois, and in 1833 
 settled at Lcwistown, Fulton County. After- 
 wards the paternal Anderson entered land in 
 McDonough County, near Macomb, at a time 
 when there were but fourteen voters in the 
 entire county. In 1836 he removed to Macomb, 
 where he kept a hotel until his death in 
 November, 1846. 
 
 Joseph Anderson succeeded his father as 
 proprietor of the hotel at Macomb, but three 
 years later removed to a farm near Doddsville, 
 where he remained until 1857. In that year 
 he returned to Macomb, where he engaged in 
 the lumber trade until the autumn of 1864, 
 when he disposed of his lumber interests and 
 engaged In shipping live stock to Chicago. 
 About February 1, 1870, he abandoned this en- 
 terprise, and crossing the Mississippi River set- 
 fled at Marysville, Mo., where he again 
 embarked In the Uiml)er business. In 1873 he 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 807 
 
 came to Chicago, and for two years was in the 
 employ of Vaughn & Company but in 1875 en- 
 tered the live stock trade. For three years 
 he was alone, but in 1878 formed a co-partner- 
 ship with A. Foster, under the name of Ander- 
 son & Foster. Two years lattr this firm was 
 dissolved, since when Mr. Anderson has con- 
 tinued in business alone with headquarters in 
 the Exchange Building. 
 
 Mr. Anderson is still strong in body, with 
 intellect unimpaired, abundantly able to meet 
 the sharp competition which he daily encoun- 
 ters. His memories of the past include scenes 
 and incidents of the Black Hawk War, and he 
 cherishes many recollections of the early days 
 of Lincoln and other distinguished statesmen. 
 He cast his first vote when he was eighteen 
 years old. It was Democratic, and he has voted 
 that ticket all his life. He is of a genial, jovial 
 disposition, having many friends, while his 
 high character and moral worth command the 
 high esteem of all his associates. 
 
 PHILIP DANFORTH ARMOUR. 
 It was not without a shock that, on the 
 morning of January 7, 1901, the business world 
 of two hemispheres learned that Philip D. 
 Armour had passed away. While his demise 
 had not been unexpected, the business interests 
 and associations of the multi-millionaire mer- 
 chant were so far-reaching that his death could 
 not fail to produce a marked effect. In Chicago 
 there was a feeling of profound grief and a 
 deep sense of bereavement. Here he was best 
 known and beloved for his affability, upright- 
 ness and many acts of public and private bene- 
 ficence, performed with that total absence of 
 ostentation which was one of his most pro- 
 nounced characteristics. Born at Stockbridge, 
 N. Y., May 16, 1832, of a family of six sons 
 and two daughters of Danforth and Julianna 
 (Brooks) Armour, Philip Danforth Armour's 
 boyhood and youth were spent after the fashion 
 of the country lads of his day, the district 
 school and village academy affording his only 
 opportunities for scholastic training. It is 
 claimed that he was a leader among his com- 
 panions in both studies and sports, and early 
 manifested that spirit of determination and 
 perseverance which was one of his marked 
 characteristics in after life. In 1852 he crossed 
 the plains to California with a party of gold- 
 seekers, spending six months on the journey 
 
 and returning after an absence of four years. 
 His commercial career began in 1857 when he 
 formed a partnership with Frederick S. Miles, 
 of Milwaukee, in the grocery and commission 
 business. This was dissolved in 1863, when Mr. 
 Armour embarked in the pork-packing business 
 with John Plankinton, also of Milwaukee. The 
 maintenance of the armies in the field created 
 an enormous demand, and the concern pros- 
 pered greatly, adding grain carrying to their 
 business, and finally opening branch houses in 
 Chicago and New York, and later in Kansas 
 City, each under the management of one of 
 Mr. Armour's brothers. In 1875 Mr. Philip 
 D. Armour succeeded his brother Joseph 
 at the head of the Chicago house, and con- 
 tinued to reside here until his death. Since 
 then the business of all the plants, including 
 those at Kansas City and Omaha, has been 
 managed from this central point. In 1900 
 Armour & Company were incorporated in Illi- 
 nois, with a paid up capital of $20,000,000. 
 
 In October, 1862, Mr. Armour was married 
 to Malvina Belle Ogden, only daughter of Mr. 
 Jonathan Ogden, of Cincinnati, and their union 
 was blessed with two sons: J. Ogden and 
 Philip D., Jr., the latter dying on January 21, 
 
 1900. Mr. Armour's health showing symptoms 
 of impairment during the later years of his 
 life, he gradually entrusted the managment of 
 his business interests to his elder son, Jonathan 
 Ogden, who has inherited the rare business 
 sagacity of his father. The end of Mr. 
 Armour's life came about six o'clock on Jan. 6, 
 
 1901, and to the sorrowing watchers in the 
 chamber of death, it appeared more like falling 
 asleep than the dissolution of spirit and body. 
 He seemed to have rounded out his long and 
 useful life, and to be 
 
 "Like one who wraps the drapery of his 
 couch about him 
 
 And lies down to pleasant dreams." 
 
 All the agencies and branches of the house 
 throughout the world were closed on the day 
 of the funeral obsequies. 
 
 Armour Mission and Institute of Tech- 
 nology. — Among the many benefactions of Mr. 
 Armour, two of the most prominent were the 
 Armour Mission and the Armour Institute of 
 Technology. The first named was originally 
 conceived by his brother Joseph, who be- 
 queathed $100,000 as a foundation. This sum 
 Philip, who was executor of his brother's estate, 
 
8o8 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 more than doubled from his own private means. 
 Articles of incorporation were secured, and a 
 revenue provided by the erection of the Armour 
 Flats, on Armour Avenue. The mission sup- 
 ports a non-sectarian church and Sunday 
 school, a free kindergarten, and a free dispen- 
 sary, besides conducting outdoor relief work. 
 The Armour Institute of Technology, founded 
 by Mr. Philip D. Armour in 1892, occupies a 
 five-story, fire-proof structure, in the Roman- 
 esque style of architecture, at the corner of 
 Armour Avenue and Thirty-third Street, as well 
 as some of the "flat buildings" across the 
 street. Its central feature is a technical college 
 (empowered to grant degrees), giving a four 
 years' course in mechanical, electrical and civil 
 engineering. It is provided with well equipped 
 laboratories, an extensive library and fine gym- 
 nasium. Its course is similar to that in other 
 first-rate technical schools, and its graduates 
 are yearly adding to its high reputation. Other 
 departments of the institute are an academy, 
 or preparatory school, and a business college. 
 Other features are the departments of music, 
 where organ and piano-playing are taught and 
 voice-culture given, besides a two years' normal 
 course in kindergarten work. In the building 
 and equipment of the Institute and in its en- 
 dowment, Mr. Armour expended more than 
 13,500,000 without noise or parade, and to this 
 princely gift his widow and son added $1,000,- 
 000 in April. 1901. 
 
 1, 1898, when he accepted the position of Traf- 
 fic Manager of the Shelby Steel Tube Company, 
 of Cleveland, Ohio, making his headquarters 
 at the Chicago office. 
 
 Oh Sunday evening, November 27, 1898, the 
 postal clerks, formerly under the direction of 
 Mr. Armstrong as Chief Clerk, gathered at 
 Elks' Hall in the Masonic Temple, for the pur- 
 pose of bidding him good-bye and wishing him 
 all good fortune in his new field of labor. D. 
 V. Pierce, of the "West Liberty," was called to 
 the chair, and in a few well-chosen words pre- 
 sented "Doc," as he was familiarly called, with 
 a set of engrossed resolutions in book form, 
 executed by C. L. Ricketts in the finest pen- 
 work that could be secured in Chicago. Imme- 
 diately following the presentation of the reso- 
 lutions, Mr. H. W. Hughes of the "West 
 Liberty," on behalf of all clerks formerly under 
 Mr. Armstrong's direction, presented him with 
 an elegant diamond stud. Mr. Hughes received 
 many high and well-deserved compliments for 
 his speech. Superintendent Troy of the Sixth 
 Division followed in one of his characteristic 
 talks (in which he never fails to make his 
 points), complimenting "Doc" on his ability 
 and attention to his duties, and his fairness in 
 his dealings with the clerks. 
 
 Mr. Armstrong was married to Miss Grace 
 Diffender, of Pennsylvania, at Buffalo, N. Y., 
 December 25, 1884, and one daughter has 
 blessed this union. 
 
 JAMES J. ARMSTRONG. 
 James J. Armstrong, Ex-Chief Clerk, Railway 
 Mail Service, Chicago, and Traffic Manager of 
 the Shelby Steel Tube Company, Cleveland, 
 Ohio, was born in Washington, D. C, May 18, 
 1858, came to Chicago in 1861 and was educated 
 In the Ogden public school. After leaving 
 school he worked for Armstrong, Smith & Com- 
 pany. Fire Insurance Agents, for two years, 
 and then atfended a private school until the 
 death of his father, George B. Armstrong (the 
 founder of the Railway Mail Service), which 
 occurred May 5. 1871, when he entered the 
 Railway Mail Service In May, 1872, on the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, running 
 from Chicago to Clinton, Iowa. He served in 
 that capacity until 187f;. when he was appointed 
 Chlff Clerk of the Railway Mall Service at 
 th** Chicago PoHtofflce, retaining that position 
 contlnuouHly until his rPHlgnatlon, November 
 
 JOHN M. ARMSTRONG. 
 
 To comparatively few men does fate grant 
 the distinction of being really great in more 
 than one line of achievement. Apart from 
 members of the bar, public men rarely attain 
 eminence in the learned professions, while 
 professional men not infrequently make sad 
 failures when they enter the walks of busi- 
 ness life. When, therefore, an exception to 
 these general rules stands forth pre-eminent 
 in the annals of a great city, his career merits 
 careful review, no less than words of well 
 considered eulogy. Such an one is Mr. John 
 M. Armstrong, whom his fellow-citizens have 
 been repeatedly delighted to honor. 
 
 Born in Chicago, November 23, 1842, Mr. 
 Armstrong's early training was directed with 
 a view of acquiring the i)rofe.ssion of architec- 
 ture, yet circumstances necessitated his enter- 
 ing trade while yet a youth, and for many 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 809 
 
 years he was identified with the boot and shoe 
 industry. He entered public life shortly after 
 reaching his majority, being chosen to repre- 
 sent the old Thirteenth Ward in the City Coun- 
 cil in 1863. As an Alderman he commended 
 himself to his constituents by his sagacity and 
 probity, and made for himself an exceptionally 
 brilliant record. He first loomed into civic 
 prominence as the father of an ordinance pro- 
 viding for the creation of Lincoln Park. The 
 project was at first received with ridicule and 
 provoked strong opposition. He was the young- 
 est member ever elected to a seat among the 
 "city fathers," and his introduction of this 
 measure was regarded as little less than posi- 
 tively audacious. It was pointed out that the site 
 named was "too far in the country"— an objection 
 whose short-sightedness has been abundantly 
 demonstrated by the subsequent growth of the 
 city toward the north. Legal difficulties were 
 also raised; but Mr. Armstrong was able to 
 sweep these aside with arguments supplied by 
 the late William C. Goudy and other able coun- 
 sellors. Ultimately the champions of the 
 measure triumphed; the ordinance passed the 
 council; and Mr. Armstrong is now known as 
 the "Father of Lincoln Park." The title might 
 be made broader and more comprehensive; 
 since, while he showed a keen foresight into 
 Chicago's future needs and growth, he "builded 
 better than he knew." Lincoln Park became 
 the nucleus of. and starting point for, the 
 city's present magnificent park and boulevard 
 system, reaching south along the blue waters 
 of Lake Michigan, and west through districts 
 as yet sparsely settled, and destined to become 
 one magnificent, harmonious whole. It was of 
 this grand superstructure that the young alder- 
 man from "the old Thirteenth" laid the corner- 
 stone. At a mass meeting of residents of the 
 North Division he was presented with a gold- 
 headed cane inscribed: 
 
 "Presented to John M. Armstrong by his 
 fellow-citizens, as a token of respect for him 
 as a man, and in appreciation of the services 
 rendered the North Division of the city, 
 while a member of the Common Council of 
 the city of Chicago, Nov. 9, 1869." 
 
 On his fiftieth birthday Mr. Armstrong was 
 honored by a banquet tendered him at the 
 Sherman House, when men of all political 
 creeds united in hearty recognition of his great 
 
 services, and in presenting him with a fine oil- 
 painting of himself. 
 
 During his term of service in the City Coun- 
 cil in 1860, Mr. Armstrong brought down upon 
 himself the ridicule of his colleagues by being 
 the first to suggest the construction of a water- 
 tunnel under the lake, as a means of solving 
 the then perplexing problem of furnishing Chi- 
 cago with an adequate water supply. Here, 
 again, Mr. Aimstrong demonstrated the truth 
 of the old adage, that "he laughs best who 
 laughs last." B. S. Chesbrough, then City 
 Engineer, gave the project his approval, the 
 Council adopted it, and time has abundantly 
 demonstrated not only its feasibility, but its 
 indispensability as well. Mr. Armstrong took 
 a prominent part in uncovering the frauds of 
 1864, and planned and aided in the inaugura- 
 tion of a number of important municipal re- 
 forms, among them the widening of sidewalks 
 in several of the more important business and 
 residence thoroughfares. He also prepared and 
 introduced .a memorial to Congress, praying for 
 the construction of a deep waterway from some 
 point on the lake, north of Evanston, to con- 
 nect either with the North Branch of the Chi- 
 cago River, or with the Ogden Canal, but the 
 measure was permitted to die in the committee 
 room. 
 
 In 1865 Mr. Armsti-ong disposed of his boot 
 and shoe business to engage in the purchase 
 and sale of live stock, but soon abandoned this 
 enterprise in order to form a partnership with 
 George M. Hawks, at that time a well-known 
 architect. This partnership terminated a year 
 later, and Mr. Armstrong entered the architec- 
 tural firm of Tilley & Armstrong. The concern 
 prospered greatly, and gained a national repu- 
 tation through competition in the construction 
 of numerous public buildings, as well as many 
 churches and school buildings, contracts for a 
 large number of which they secured. Among 
 the first mentioned were the Illinois and Iowa 
 State Houses and the buildings for the War 
 Department in Washington. Their plans for 
 the latter, while not adopted, were awarded a 
 prize of $3,000. Upon the dissolution of this 
 firm, Mr. Armstrong formed the co-partnership 
 known as Armstrong & Egan, his business asso- 
 ciate being James M. Egan. They furnished 
 plans for buildings, both public and private, 
 not only in this country but also in Europe, 
 among them being extensive grain elevators for 
 
8io 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 the Russian Government at Odessa, and a costly 
 and magnificent building at Berlin, Germany. 
 Churches, theaters and State Houses were 
 among the edifices which they designed and the 
 construction of some of which they supervised. 
 Among public buildings erected by them in and 
 around Chicago may be enumerated the Cook 
 County Criminal Court Building and Jail, 
 which was completed without charges for "ex- 
 tras" and at a cost less than that named in the 
 architect's estimates; the Asylum for the 
 Insane, at Jefferson; the Cook County Court 
 House and Chicago City Hall — the plans for the 
 latter buildings being chosen over those of 
 sixty-three rival competitors. 
 
 A partnership existing between Messrs. Arm- 
 strong and Daly was dissolved in 1875, and in 
 that year the former became a partner in the 
 granite firm of Hinsdale, Doyle & Company. 
 Mr. Armstrong withdrew from this concern at 
 the expiration of a year to associate himself 
 with Jonas H. French and B. F. Butler, in 
 the Cape Ann Granite Company, which, for 
 several years, had many important contracts 
 with the city of Chicago. In 1877 he visited 
 Florida, and while making a tour of that State, 
 his intuitively quick perception, keen foresight 
 and sound business judgment enabled him to 
 see at once the needs and possibilities of the 
 near future. He secured from the State a 
 grant of public land for the construction of a 
 railway from Tampa to the St. John's River, 
 the proposed route being later extended to Jack- 
 sonville. The organization of the Florida Con- 
 struction Company soon followed, and then came 
 the building of the Jacksonville, Tampa & Key 
 West Railroad, a line operating some 800 miles 
 of trackage. This road has aided materially 
 in developing the State's resources, both by 
 leading to the investment of Northern capital 
 and affording better facilities for transportation 
 to market. 
 
 Politically Mr. Armstrong has always been 
 a Democrat, and influential In the councils of 
 his party. In 1868 he accepted a nomination 
 for membership in the State Legislature, but, 
 although running far ahead of his ticket, failed 
 of election. He was married in January, 1866, 
 to MlsB Martha M. Tally, whose father was 
 connected with the Chicago press for many 
 years. 
 
 CHARLES F. A. ARNOLD. 
 
 CharleB F". A. Arnold, P'lorlBt, DesPlaines, 111., 
 
 was born in Germany in 1862, and educated at 
 Baden, in his native country. In 1882, at the age 
 of twenty years, he emigrated to America, set- 
 tling in Chicago, and was engaged in various 
 contract work until 1889, when he located in Des- 
 Plaines and established himself in the florist 
 business as a member of the firm of Peters & 
 Arnold. The firm have an office at 76 Wabash 
 Avenue, Chicago, where they conduct an exten- 
 sive business in cut flowers of all kinds; they 
 also have several large green houses from 
 which they supply the city trade. 
 
 Mr. Arnold was married in Chicago, February 
 16, 1889, and he and his wife (Clara Arnold) 
 have three daughters named Lina, Gertrude and 
 Elsa. In politics he is a Republican, and in 
 religious faith a Lutheran of the Evangelical 
 stamp. Mr. Arnold's character for business en- 
 terprise has been indicated by the rapid growth 
 of his trade during the last few years. 
 
 JAMES H. ASHBY. 
 
 Few of the great corporations carrying on 
 business in Chicago have done more for the 
 promotion and maintenance of the city's com- 
 mercial supremacy, than has the Union Stock 
 Yards and Transit Company. Its enormous 
 plant, bewildering from its very vastness and 
 absolutely perfect in every detail of its well 
 planned system and thorough equipment, is at 
 once the pride of its owners and the fruitful 
 cause of wonder and admiration to visitors 
 from this and foreign lands. To manage such 
 a plant, to keep its running-gear well lubri- 
 cated, to pass upon myriads of perplexing ques- 
 tions each day, to adjust the innumerable 
 questions arising between interests at once con- 
 federate and conflicting, calls for grasp of a 
 high order, rare executive capability, tireless 
 energy and unbending integrity. In this high 
 position of trust the company has placed Mr. 
 James H. Ashby, who, for twelve years, has 
 discharged its duties with equal ability and 
 fidelity. 
 
 The story of Mr. Ashby's career is full of 
 interest, and illustrates the adage, "that noth- 
 ing succeeds like success." Born November 17, 
 1847, in Beekman, Dutchess County, N. Y., the 
 son of James M. and Sarah (Van Henschoten) 
 Ashby, he spent his first thirty-three years 
 upon his father's farm, later buying the home- 
 stead from his parents. He came West in 1880, 
 and, on April 14th, settled In Chicago. He 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 8ii 
 
 first found employment at the Stock Yards, 
 where for two years he was yard master in the 
 chutes of the Chicago & Alton Railroad Com- 
 pany, and for five years held the same position 
 in those of the Illinois Central. Later he was 
 placed in charge of the Stock Yards and Tran- 
 sit Company's stables, in 1887 was appointed 
 Assistant General Superintendent and two 
 years later succeeded John B. Sherman in the 
 position of General Superintendent, which he 
 still holds. For several years Mr. Ashby has 
 been one of the Directors of the company, as 
 well as a Director in the Live Stock Bank, 
 and for three years has served upon the State 
 Board of Agriculture. In 1898 he was elected 
 Vice-President of the Chicago Junction Rail- 
 road Company, which office he resigned in 
 March, 1900, although still retaining his seat 
 in the directorate. Few, if any, men are more 
 thoroughly familiar with the live-stock markets 
 of the country; few have a wider acquaintance, 
 and it may be questioned whether any more 
 thoroughly command the respect and esteem 
 of their business associates. In 1875 Mr. Ashby 
 was united in marriage to Mrs. Maria S. 
 Rogers, a sister of John B. Sherman. 
 
 EDWIN M. ASHCRAFT. 
 
 Edwin M. Ashcraft was born on a farm near 
 Clarksburg, Harrison County, Va., August 27, 
 1848, the eldest of four children of James M. 
 and Clarissa (Swiger) Ashcraft. The Ashcraft 
 family, which was of Anglo-Saxon blood, were 
 among the early settlers of Virginia, their 
 homestead being located near the seat of the 
 great war of the Rebellion, in which several 
 members of the family took part in defense 
 of the Union. Mr. Ashcraft attended the com- 
 mon schools of his native State, and coming 
 to Illinois after the close of the civil strife 
 in 1865, studied for a time in the State Normal 
 University at Normal, 111. 
 
 The fortunes of war had left him penniless, 
 and, locating in Ramsey, a small town in 
 Fayette County on the Illinois Central Railroad, 
 he began hauling ties and working on the 
 railway as a section hand. From 1867 to 1869, 
 he was engaged in teaching school, and, when 
 not so engaged, gave his attention to the study 
 of law. Later, he continued this line of work 
 in the office of Henry and Fouke, and in Jan- 
 uary, 1873, passed an examination before the 
 Supreme Court at Springfield and was admitted 
 
 to the bar of Illinois. He began practice at 
 Vandalia, and was soon thereafter elected to 
 the office of Prosecuting Attorney of Fayette 
 County, which position he filled until 1876. 
 
 Mr. Ashcraft has always been a close student 
 in his profession and the business entrusted 
 to him has always received his careful atten- 
 tion, his devotion to his clients' interests being 
 proverbial. This, combined with his capability 
 in presenting a case to Judge and jury, soon 
 won him success, and he rapidly secured a 
 good clientage at the bar of Vandalia, where 
 he practiced for fourteen years. He met in 
 forensic contest in Southern Illinois such emi- 
 nent jurists as John Scholfleld of Marshall, 
 later Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; 
 Anthony Thornton of Shelbyville, for several 
 years a member of the Supreme Bench; the late 
 Judge Jesse J. Phillips, of Hillsboro; Ex-Con- 
 gressman Samuel W. Moulton, of Shelbyville, 
 and B. W. Henry, of Fayette, and to his con- 
 tests with these men he attributes much of 
 his success as a trial lawyer. 
 
 In April, 1887, Mr. Ashcraft became associ- 
 ated with the Chicago bar as a member of the 
 firm of Cratty Brothers & Ashcraft, which rela- 
 tion was continued until June 1, 1891, when he 
 became a member of the firm of Ashcraft & 
 Gordon, and later that of Ashcraft & Ashcraft. 
 He has contributed his full share, as a mem- 
 ber of the several firms with which he has 
 been associated, to the reputation for thorough- 
 ness, ability and integrity which characterized 
 the discharge of their professionl obligations. 
 He is distinctively a trial lawyer, and from 
 the time of his arrival in Chicago he has been 
 eminently successful. 
 
 In 1875 Mr. Ashcraft was united in marriage 
 to Miss Florence R. Moore, daughter of Risdon 
 Moore, of Belleville, 111., and they have four 
 children: Raymond M., Edwin M., Florence V. 
 and Alan E. Mr. Ashcraft is a member of the 
 Union League Club, the Law and Hamilton 
 clubs of Chicago; is also a prominent Mason 
 and has always been a stanch Republican in 
 politics, and in his profession has taken rank 
 as a leading lawyer. 
 
 EDWARD M. ASHLEY. 
 There are few lives entirely free from fail- 
 ure. "To err is human" and mistakes are 
 numerous. To gain distinction as a gallant 
 soldier, a successful teacher, a competent 
 
8l2 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 mechanical engineer and a capable man of busi- 
 ness, is a record of which any man may well 
 feel proud, and the lives of such men as Ed- 
 ward M. Ashley, present superintendent and 
 manager of the South Chicago Elevator Sys- 
 tem, richly merit chronicling, both as a tribute 
 to the actor and a lesson for posterity. Mr. 
 Ashley has attempted nothing in which he 
 has not succeeded. Born at Nunda. N. Y., 
 November 17, 1848. he was brought by his par- 
 ents, when but twelve years of age, to Wiscon- 
 sin, the family settling at Fox Lake. In April, 
 1864, he enlisted in the one-hundred day's serv- 
 ice, as a private in ' the Forty-sixth Iowa 
 Infantry. After receiving his discharge he 
 again went to the front as a member of the 
 Forty-fifth Wisconsin, joining the regiment in 
 December, 1864, and serving, with noteworthy 
 valor, until the close of the war. From the 
 time of leaving the army until 1872 he devoted 
 his life to the work of a teacher in Iowa and 
 Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Ashley's business career in Chicago dates 
 from 1872, when he entered the employ of 
 Armour, Dole & Co., as engineer at elevator 
 C. In 1882 he engaged with Leet & Fritzie to 
 construct an ' elevator at Oakdale, 111., which 
 he operated until 1889. In that year he con- 
 nected himself with the firm of Charles Coun- 
 selman & Co., as mechanical engineer. For this 
 concern he erected the Corwith and Englewood 
 elevators, and in 1892 the South Chicago Eleva- 
 tors, known as "Elevator C," "C Annex'' and "P^le- 
 vator D." Perceiving his rare capability, and 
 finding him absolutely trustworthy. Counsel- 
 man & Company made him Superintendent and 
 Manager of their entire elevator system, which 
 responsible post he yet fills. 
 
 Mr. Ashley is a Mason of high degree, being 
 a member of Arcana Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; 
 Past High Priest of Wiley M. Egan Chapter. 
 No. 128, R. A. M.; a member of Chicago Com- 
 niandery. No. 19, K. T. ; of the Oriental Consis- 
 tory, and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He 
 was united in marriage in Chicago, .January 8, 
 1879, to May E. Winchester of Eastport, Maine, 
 and their two children are named Frances and 
 Kendall. 
 
 In this connection a briff mention may 1)0 
 made of the Immense business whic-h is under 
 Mr. AHhIey'H Htiperlntendence anti management. 
 The four elevatopB controlled by Counselman & 
 Co. are known as the South Chicago Elevator 
 
 and Elevators "C," "C Annex" and "D." Of 
 these, the three last named, erected in 1892, 
 1894 and 1895, respectively are the most im- 
 portant. Elevator D is a combined cleaning 
 and storage warehouse, with a capacity of 
 1,250,000 bushels operated by a 550-horse-power 
 engine. It can handle 150 carloads of grain 
 per day. The capacity of Elevator C is 200 
 cars per day, or 1,500,000 bushels, and it has 
 an engine of 650-horse-power. The capacity of 
 the Fireproof Annex is also 1,500,000 bushels. 
 The Counselman is the only system of elevators 
 having a complete fire protection, being 
 equipped with a high pressure water service, 
 consisting of three pumps with a combined 
 capacity of 5,000 gallons per minute. To these 
 are added six revolving Niagara hydrants, each 
 of which is capable of throwing a perpendicular 
 stream 250 feet and a horizontal one 400 feet. 
 The utmost pains have been taken by Mr. Ash- 
 ley to render this a model system of plants, 
 and his efforts have been warmly seconded by 
 the owners. 
 
 PHILEMON L. AUSTIN. 
 Philemon L. Austin, dental surgeon, was 
 born in Adrian, Mich., November 9, 1859; was 
 educated in the public schools of Kalamazoo 
 and at the Wisconsin State University, Madison, 
 Wis., and studied dentistry in the dental depart- 
 ment of Harvard University, Mass., receiving 
 the degree of Dental Surgeon in 1881. Dr. 
 Austin began the practice of his profession in 
 Detroit, Mich., but later practiced at Rochester, 
 N. Y., and from the last named city, in 1886. 
 came to Chicago, where he has since continued 
 his professional labors. In 1896 he originated 
 the Harvard system of painless dentistry, which 
 has gained a wide celebrity, and of which he 
 has been the head. The principal offices of the 
 "Harvard Dentists" have been, and still are, in 
 Chicago; various branch offices have been estab- 
 lished in Illinois and Indiana cities, all of which 
 are operated under the direction of Dr. Aus- 
 tin. In addition to his professional work Dr. 
 Austin has been identified with various im- 
 portant business enterprises in Chicago and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 CHARLES GERRY AYARS. 
 Charles G. Ayars, ex-Deputy Sheriff at Bridge- 
 ton, was boru in Newton, N. .1., Dec. 28, 1831. 
 and educated in the public schools. His father. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 813 
 
 James Ayars was educated at Bridgeton, and 
 entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church in 1827, continuing in that worli for 
 fifty years, during which he held pastorates in 
 the principal towns of New Jersey. In 1856 
 he became Secretary of the American Sunday 
 School Union, after which he lived in Coving- 
 ton, Ky., three years, and at Evanston, 111., two 
 years. Returning to New Jersey, he reentered 
 the regular ministry dying at Summit, N. J., in 
 1880, at the age of seventy-five years. 
 
 Charles G. Ayars, whose name heads this 
 article, gained his primary education in the pub- 
 lic schools of the various points at which his 
 father was stationed in the ministry, and fin- 
 ished at Rutger's College, New Brunswick, N. 
 J. He entered mercantile life at the age of 
 seventeen years, being employed as clerk in 
 stores at various places. He spent one year with 
 a wholesale paper house in New York City, 
 and, in 1857, went to Covington, Ky., where he 
 entered the General Western Agency of the 
 Phoenix Fire Insurance Company, of Hartford, 
 Conn. In 1859 he became a resident of Cook 
 County and engaged in farming at Evanston. 
 Two years later he removed to what is now 
 known as Forest Hill, 111., at the junction of 
 the Wabash, the Baltimore & Ohio and the Pan 
 Handle Railroads, where he operated a large 
 farm', producing annually large quantities of 
 hay for the Chicago market. While residing 
 here, he served six years as Clerk of Lake Town- 
 ship, in 1867 was appointed Deputy Sheriff 
 of Cook County and, removing to Chicago, filled 
 this position under successive Sheriffs for eight 
 years. His duties brought him in contact with 
 people of all avocations, and he gained an 
 acquaintance exceeded by few men. In 1874 he 
 was elected County Commissioner for the Evans- 
 ton District and, at the expiration of his term, 
 was re-elected, serving six years continuously, 
 during which period the present Cook County 
 Court House was built. In 1883 he formed a 
 connection with the Phoenix Fire Insurance 
 Company, of Hartford, Conn., as State Agent for 
 Illinois, and as a result its volume of business 
 has very largely increased. He has a fine 
 musical voice, and uses it in kindly ways for 
 the benefit of the aged and the young. Mr. 
 Ayars was married in New York City April 25, 
 1859, to Miss Margaret H. Fredenberg. 
 
 EDWARD F. BACON. 
 Edward F. Bacon, shipping division, Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad, Union Stock 
 Yards, was born August 28, 1865, near Somon- 
 auk. III., and educated in the district and pub- 
 lic schools. After leaving school he worked on 
 a farm until he came to Chicago, August 15, 
 1887, and entered the employ of the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy shipping division of the 
 Union Stock Yards, proving himself a capable 
 and trustworthy representative of the interests 
 of his employers. 
 
 ROBERT HALL BALDWIN. 
 
 Robert Hall Baldwin, Assistant Engineer, 
 City Engineer's Office, Chicago, was born at 170 
 West Madison Street, Chicago, near the old 
 Scammon School, February 8, 1867. His father 
 was Silas Delos Baldwin, known about the City 
 Hall as "Gas Baldwin," who was born in New 
 Haven, Conn., and his mother, Mary (Hall) 
 Baldwin, was born in Easton, Conn., January 
 15, 1821. When the son was about three years 
 of age his parents moved out on the prairie, 
 at the corner of Polk and Paulina Streets. He 
 attended the King public schools and Business 
 College, and after leaving college in 1887, 
 entered the general passenger office of the 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Com- 
 pany, remaining there until May 16, 1889. He 
 then secured a position as rodman in the City 
 Engineer's ofl^-ce. Harbor Engineer's Division, 
 remaining in that position two years, when he 
 was transferred to the water-pipe extension 
 department, having charge of the plats as drafts- 
 man. Later he was transferred to the Bridge 
 Engineer's office, remaining there seven years, 
 when he was transferred to Section Two, Land 
 Tunnel (rock section), continuing in that posi- 
 tion until the engines were started at the Cen- 
 tral Park Avenue Pumping Station; still later 
 was transferred to the Springfield Avenue 
 Pumping Station as Assistant Engineer in 
 charge — making a total of seventen years' con- 
 nection with various departments, proving that 
 he had given faithful service to his employers. 
 
 Mr. Baldwin's father. Col. Silas D. Baldwin, 
 having enlisted in the three-months' service in 
 April, 1861, had the honor of firing the first gun 
 in the Civil War, and later raised and led the 
 Fifty-seventh Illinois Infantry Volunteers with 
 distinction through the battles of Fort Donel- 
 son. Fort Henry, Corinth, and on other famous 
 
8i4 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 battle-fields. He was recommended for promo- 
 tion as a Brigadier, but was defeated in the Sen- 
 ate by political enemies. He was appointed Gas 
 Inspector in 1880 by the late Carter H. Harrison, 
 serving in that capacity for eight years, and upon 
 the change of administration, went into the arti- 
 ficial light business, in which he was considered 
 an expert, having invented several attachments, 
 burners, governors and gasoline lamps, which 
 are still in use by the city. 
 
 Robert H. Baldwin was married to Miss 
 Alice Elizabeth Phillips December 24, 1889. 
 
 CLARENCE N. BALL. 
 Clarence N. Ball is one of the younger class 
 of successful business men connected with the 
 trade of the Union Stock Yards. Before he had 
 reached thirty years of age he became Vice- 
 President of the Archey, Son & Plummer Com- 
 pany, being now a member of the firm of Plum- 
 mer, Ball & Co., in which he holds the rank of 
 an experienced cattle salesman and a thorough- 
 going man of business. His birth-place was 
 Bloomington, 111., where he first opened his eyes 
 on August 24, 1870. After passing through the 
 public schools, he spent a year in the Evergreen 
 City Business College, and, thus equipped, 
 entered the employ of B. F. Hoopes & Son, 
 wholesale grocers in Bloomington. Being anx- 
 ious to find a wider field for his energy and 
 ability, he left this house after three years, to 
 come to Chicago. His first position here was 
 with Rappal, Lamb & Co., live-stock commission 
 merchants at the Union Stock Yards. There he 
 remained until the dissolution of the firm six 
 years afterward, when he entered the employ of 
 its successor, A. D. Lamb & Co., as a traveling 
 solicitor. After a year so spent he determined 
 to enter business for himself. Accordingly he 
 purchased an interest in the corporation above 
 named on August 1, 1899, being, as has been 
 said, chosen its Vice-President. The concern is 
 a prosperous one, and enjoys an excellent stand- 
 ing, both with its customers and at the Yards. 
 
 CALEB W. BALLINGER. 
 Caleb W. Balllnger, soldier and live-stock com- 
 mlBsion merchant, was born on a farm near 
 Bellefontalne. I>ogan County, Ohio. May 28. 
 1842; was educated in the district schools, and 
 had a membcrHhip In Delaware College. After 
 leaving college he continued to work on a farm 
 until he enllpted as a "high private" In the 
 
 Fourteenth Ohio Battery, Independent Light 
 Artillery, and was promoted to First Corporal 
 (gunner). His first war experience was at the 
 battle of Shiloh, when the Battery lost all of 
 its ordnance except two guns. The loss was 
 caused by the killing or disabling of the horses, 
 but the Battery recovered its guns next day. 
 
 At the siege of Corinth Mr. Ballinger was 
 taken very sick with dysentery and came near 
 dying, being compelled to remain away until 
 June 1, 1862, when he rejoined his battery and 
 did not lose a day until his final discharge on 
 August 19, 1865. He had many narrow escapes, 
 and also many opportunities to show his brav- 
 ery. At the battle of Peach Tree Creek, near 
 Atlanta, Ga., on July 22, 1864, the day Gen. 
 MacPherson was killed, when there were only 
 two comrades left out of eight cannoneers, the 
 rest having been either killed, wounded or pros- 
 trated, he did not get a scratch, although he 
 sighted and fired a double discharge of canister 
 when the rebel flag was planted within eighty 
 feet of his battery, killing the bearer and cap- 
 turing the flag. By this act he won the com- 
 mendation of Gen. Sweeney, the officer in com- 
 mand, who told him he had saved the Second 
 Division of the Sixteenth Army Corps. 
 
 After the war Mr. Ballinger returned to Logan 
 County, Ohio, but in 1868 removed to Gridley, 
 McLean County, 111., where he remained on a 
 farm six years, raising and shipping live-stock 
 to Chicago, and furnishing the meat for a 
 butcher shop in Gridley, 111. Coming to Chicago 
 in February, 1874, he worked successively for 
 Swallow & Reed, the Union Stock Yards, for 
 Shearer & Webb for two years, for Horine 
 Brothers for about five years, and later was 
 with Winser, Warner & Co. for one year, when 
 he formed a co-partnership with A. E. Horn 
 and M. T. Zimmerman, under the firm name of 
 A. E. Horn & Co., which continued for five years. 
 The firm of S. W. Sinclair & Co. was then 
 formed, consisting of S. W. Sinclair, Mark Cope- 
 land, l<'rank Wilkinson and Mr. Ballinger, which 
 continued in existence four years. He was next 
 associated with the firm of Coffman & Brown 
 until the firm of Brown Brothers & Ballinger 
 was formed, November 1, 1896, which still con- 
 tinues In operation. Corporal Ballinger has won 
 a host of friends by his kind, genial manner 
 and close attention to business, and has done 
 his part well to make the Union Slock Yards 
 a great success. He was married to Miss Mary 
 
nrSTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 815 
 
 S. Simpson, in Mount Victory, Ohio, February 
 15, 1866, and five ciiildren have been born to 
 them. 
 
 EDWARD WHITE BANKER. 
 
 Edward White Banljer, broker, Chicago, was 
 born on a farm near Peru, Clinton County, N. 
 Y., September 10, 1820, and was educated in the 
 district schools at Plattsburg, N. Y. His pater- 
 nal grandparents were William and Martha 
 (Soles) Banker, the former having been born 
 in Dutchess County, N. Y., and the latter in 
 Vermont. On the maternal side his grandfather 
 was John Kent, a native of Nova Scotia. His 
 parents, John and Christiana (Kent) Banker, 
 were born respectively in Peru, N. Y., and 
 Keene, N. Y. 
 
 On December 29, 1841, Mr. Banker was mar- 
 ried to Charlotte E. Minkler, at Chazy, N. Y., 
 and five children were born to them as follows: 
 Benson B., George L., Emma, Etta and Mary. 
 With his wife and family he moved to Boston, 
 Mass., in 1852, and resided in that city for ten 
 years, and then, in 1862, came to Chicago and 
 for several years lived at 292 Washington Boule- 
 vard. For the past ten years his home has been 
 in Hinsdale, 111. His children are all married 
 and have families, the five great-grandchildren 
 being George Thomas Morgan and Virginia 
 Clute Morgan, of Coxsackie, N. Y., Dorothy 
 Marie, Marion Adele and Edward Hamilton 
 Banker, Jr., of Chicago. The maiden name of 
 Mrs. Banker's mother was Rachael Van Vleet. 
 She was a native of Odletown, Canada. Mr. 
 Banker's residence is at Hinsdale, 111. 
 
 WILLIAM BARKER. 
 William Barker, Captain of Hook and Ladder 
 Company No. 9, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born in Chicago October 13, 1863, and joined the 
 Fire Department April 14, 1887. At the disas- 
 trous Are in the Gunther confectionery estab- 
 lishment, due to the emptiness of the reservoir, 
 so much depended on by Mr. Gunther that he 
 did not insure his stock, great deeds of heroism 
 were performed. Panic-stricken girls to the 
 number of 250, who had been at work upon bon- 
 bons for the autumn festival, were rescued un- 
 injured. Barker and his men were badly burned 
 about the face and hands. They will forget the 
 experience long before the spectators who begged 
 them, for God's sake, to come down the ladder. 
 Captain Barker, of Truck No. 9, who, with 
 
 Lieutenant Miller of Truck 16, effected the 
 thrilling rescue of Captain James Fitzpatrick 
 from the roof of the Cold Storage Building 
 in 1893, led four of his men up an extension 
 ladder leading to the sixth story. When they 
 reached the top, flames burst from below, burn- 
 ing the rungs of the ladder and melting the 
 rubber coats of the flre-flghters. The helmet of 
 Barker, who seemed to be afire from head to 
 foot, was lifted from his head and dashed to 
 the earth. Shouting for water, and getting it, 
 the intrepid skipper and his men turned the 
 hose on the ladder first, and then entering the 
 furnace, soon had the fire under control. 
 
 GILBERT W. BARNARD. 
 Gilbert Wordsworth Barnard is well known 
 in Masonic circles throughout America and 
 Europe, and has a world-wide reputation for 
 sterling character, accommodating manners and 
 devotion to the interests of the order. He was 
 born at Palmyra, Wayne County, N. Y., June 
 1, 1834, the son of George Washington Barnard, 
 whose death occurred previous to the birth of 
 his son. The father of George W. Barnard, 
 whose name was spelled Barnarde, was a 
 Frenchman. Following the noble example of 
 the immortal La Fayette, the elder Barnarde 
 came to America to enlist in the cause of free- 
 dom, and, upon the termination of the conflici, 
 settled in Western New York, where he married 
 and became the father of two sons. The elder 
 of these died without issue, and the second 
 lived and died in Wayne County, that State. 
 The latter became the captain of a passenger 
 packet on the Erie Canal, a position of con- 
 siderable importance in his time. His wife, 
 Sabrina Deming, was a native of New York, 
 and has recently died at the extreme old age 
 of eighty-four years. 
 
 Gilbert W. Barnard was reared in the family 
 of his maternal grandfather, David Demming, 
 a native of Connecticut, who removed to Jack- 
 son County, Mich., soon after his grandson be- 
 came a member of his family. The Demming 
 family was founded in America by four broth- 
 ers, who settled in Connecticut early in the 
 seventeenth century. The name was originally 
 spelled Dummund, but by a process of evolution 
 peculiar to foreign names in America, it became 
 Demming, and was contracted by the present 
 generation by the omission of one "m." 
 The subject of this biography spent the first 
 
8i6 
 
 HISTORICAL EIsTYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 fifteen years of his life in Jackson County, 
 Mich., whence he came to Chicago and began 
 his business career as clerk in a general store. 
 He afterward engaged in the book and station- 
 ery business, which line of trade he carried on 
 for several years, achieving a reputation for 
 upright and honorable dealing, and winning 
 the esteem and confidence of his fellow-citizens. 
 During the first year of his residence in Chi- 
 cago he joined the volunteer fire department, 
 and during the next nine or ten years rendered 
 much valuable service to the city. 
 
 In October, 1864, Mr. Barnard joined the 
 Masonic order, and has ever since been actively 
 identified with its interests, having filled most 
 of the principal offices in the subordinate and 
 grand bodies. He is at present Past Master of 
 Garden City Lodge; Past High Priest of Corin- 
 thian Chapter, No. 69, R. A. M. ; Past Eminent 
 Commander of St. Barnard Commandery. No. 
 35. Knights Templar; Past Commander-in-Chief 
 of the Oriental Consistory: Grand Secretary of 
 the Grand Chapter; Grand Recorder of the 
 Grand Council and of the Grand Commandery; 
 and Grand Secretary of the Council of Delib- 
 eration, S. P. R. S., and other bodies. 
 
 In 1877 he was elected Secretary of the 
 Capitular, Cryptic and Chivalric Grand Bodies 
 of the State of Illinois, a position he has ever 
 since filled, and has devoted the best years of 
 his life to the fraternity, administering to the 
 wants of his brethren, and relieving the needs 
 of their widows and orphans in distress. His 
 signal ability and steadfast efforts in the per- 
 formance of his duties have won for him a host 
 of friends and admirers. He has labored un- 
 tiringly in behalf of the Illinois Masonic 
 Orphan's Home, of which he was the first Sec- 
 retary, and through his active efforts has con- 
 tributed much to the upbuilding of that worthy 
 institution. 
 
 His long connection with the Ancient Ac- 
 cepted Scottish Rite has placed him in corre- 
 Bpondence with all l)ranches of the order in all 
 parts of the world. His commodious quarters 
 In the Masonic Temple are general headquarters 
 for Masonic affairs, and the resort of brethren 
 from every civilized country on the globe. They 
 contain an ample library, and are filled with 
 numerouH other articles of use or interest to 
 mf-mbers of the fraternity. 
 
 Mr. Barnard was married in lSf.3, and one 
 child, a (laughter, Is hIIII living, he having lost 
 
 three children. His wife died several years 
 since. 
 
 GEORGE I. BARNES. 
 
 George I. Barnes, Superintendent of the H. 
 Mueller & Company Elevator, Chicago, was 
 born in Berkeley County, W. Va., December 1.5, 
 1866, the son of George T. and Margaret C. 
 (Pitcher) Barnes. His father was a farmer 
 and also engaged in the stock business, shipping 
 to Baltimore. The father is still living on the 
 home farm in Berkeley County, W. Va., but the 
 mother died in 1875 at the age of forty-two 
 years. George I. Barnes remained on his 
 father's farm until twenty-four years old, when, 
 in 1892, he came to Chicago, where he finally 
 turned his attention to the grain-elevator busi- 
 ness, with which he has been connected con- 
 tinuously since. 
 
 On July 15, 1899, he assumed charge as Su- 
 perintendent of the Mueller Elevator on the 
 Pan-Handle Railroad track at Fifty-sixth Street, 
 as successor to E. B. Marsh. This elevator 
 has a storage capacity of 350,000 bushels, and 
 is capable of receiving and shipping about sixty 
 car-loads of grain per day. It employs some 
 twenty men. A wholesale feed department, 
 opened some years since, is operated in connec- 
 tion with the elevator. Mr. Barnes was mar- 
 ried August 8, 1897, to Miss Carrie Lehner. of 
 Chicago, who has borne him two children: 
 Grade, born June 12, 1898, and Roy. born 
 March 24, 1900. In politics Mr. Barnes is a 
 Republican. 
 
 JOHN P. BARRETT. 
 John P. Barrett was born at Auburn, N. Y., 
 June 24, 1837, and, coming with his parents 
 to Chicago in 1844, there received a common- 
 school education. Even as a youth he displayed 
 his predilection for a connection with the fire 
 department by "running with" Niagara No. 3, 
 in the old volunteer days. Naturally of an ad- 
 venturous disposition, he became a sailor. In 
 1851 he went to sea before the mast, and during 
 a voyage along the Pacific coast of South Amer- 
 ica, in 1858, fell from the masthead, sustaining 
 a fracture of both a leg and an arm. Return- 
 ing to Chicago in 1862, he entered the paid 
 Fire Department, and was made a watchman 
 for engine houses Nos. 3 and 8. In 1863 he 
 was given charge of the alarm bell in the city 
 hall, and when, in 1865, the city inaugurated 
 the fire-alarm telegraph system, he was assigned 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 817 
 
 as a batteryman under the superintendency of 
 E. B. Chandler as Superintendent, served as 
 battery man, operator and chief operator, and 
 on the retirement of the latter in 1876, was 
 appointed superintendent, and continued to dis- 
 charge the responsible and exacting duties of 
 the post until 1897, when he resigned. 
 
 During his administration Mr. Barrett in- 
 augurated many reforms. Through one of his 
 inventions, familiarly known in the department 
 as "the joker," each engine house received the 
 alarm simultaneously with its being struck in 
 the alarm-box, rendering it unnecessary to wait 
 for the sounding of the gong in the general 
 office. He also first suggested and introduced 
 the system of subterranean conduits for wires, 
 suggested and carried out the utilizing of the 
 city plants for electric street-lighting, and put 
 into successful operation the bridge telephone 
 service for the regulation of navigation on the 
 river and in the harbor. To Mr. Barrett belongs 
 the honor of originating the use of patrol 
 wagons, now so general in all large cities. He 
 was also at the- head of the electrical depart- 
 ment of the Columbian Exposition. His service 
 in the department covered a period of over 
 thirty-five years, and Chicago has had few, if 
 any, more efficient public officers. 
 
 Mr. Barrett was married April 30, 1869, to 
 Margaret D'Arcy of Chicago, and eleven chil- 
 dren have been born to them, four of whom are 
 deceased. 
 
 THOMAS P. BARRY. 
 Thomas P. Barry, Captain Engine No. 74, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago 
 October 2, 1864, and was educated at the Went- 
 worth Avenue public school and Brothers' 
 Parochial School. After leaving school he 
 learned the horse-shoeing trade, at which he 
 worked for two years. After tz'aveling through 
 the South for two years, he returned to Chicago 
 and worked on the Fire Alarm Service for one 
 year, then joined the Fire Department August 
 3, 1885, as watchman on Engine No. 8, serving 
 one month, when he took George W. Weller's 
 place as truckman on Truck 4, remaining there 
 four years. He was promoted to Lieutenant 
 September 1, 1889, and transferred to Truck 11, 
 serving three years and four months; was next 
 promoted to Captain December 31, 1892, and 
 assisted to organize Engine 71 (Chicago Fire 
 Queen) ; was assigned to Marshal Murphy's 
 
 headquarters at the World's Fair on Engine 2, 
 and was transferred to Truck 8 May 6, 1893. 
 remaining until July 10, 1893, when he met 
 with an accident at the Cold Storage fire, receiv- 
 ing a compound fracture of the right wrist, 
 leaving it stiff and partially boneless. During 
 that fire he was on the tower with the five of 
 his company who were killed at that time. 
 Their names were John Cahill, William Den- 
 ning, Philip Breen, Paul Schroeder and John 
 McBride. The ropes were burned away from 
 below, and, seeing no other way of escape, Capt. 
 Barry jumped 87 feet and landed on his feet, 
 having gone through the roof, between the 
 joists, which caused his broken wrist. After 
 crawling back on to the roof, he came down 
 the ladder and was taken to the hospital. 
 
 After his recovery he was assigned to Engine 
 63, World's Fair Grounds, December 24, 1893. 
 Meeting with another accident at the Colonnade 
 Hotel fire, he was placed temporarily on the 
 pension list April 1, 1894; was reassigned for 
 duty October 15, 1896, as Captain of Engine 81, 
 remaining until August, 1899, when he was 
 transferred to Engine 74 and still remains ready 
 for any peril which he may be called upon to 
 face. He has shown by his brave service in the 
 department that he is a "chip off the old block." 
 
 Capt. Barry was married in Chicago, August 
 26, 1895, to Miss Annie Calligan, and three chil- 
 dren have been born of this union. 
 
 CHARLES T. BARTLETT. 
 Charles T. Bartlett, contractor, Chicago, was 
 born in Lake County, 111., November 25, 1848, 
 and educated in the district schools. His par- 
 ents were natives of New Hampshire and came 
 to Chicago in 1834. In 1836 they went to Lake 
 County, where his father, who was one of the 
 first County Commissioners of that county, in 
 1901 was still living on his original homestead. 
 Charles T. Bartlett came to Chicago in 1866 
 and learned his trade with C. A. Price, and was 
 Superintendent of Public Works in Indiana. In 
 1871 Mr. Bartlett came to Evanston, 111., and 
 engaged in contracting and building, and has 
 constructed a majority of the large buildings in 
 that city, also most of the sewers. He was col- 
 lector of the city of Evanston for one term. 
 On January 4, 1870, he was married to Miss 
 Martha A. Cronkhite, in Lake County, 111., and 
 they are the parents of six children: Fannie 
 D., Charles H., Mary S., Walter W., George V. 
 
8i8 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 and Laura M. Mrs. Bartlett's parents settled 
 in Lake County in 1840. Mr. Bartlett is a mem- 
 ber of Evans Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and of 
 Evanston Lodge, I. O. O. F. 
 
 JOHN A. BARTLETT. 
 
 John A. Bartlett (deceased) was born at Ox- 
 ford, Worcester County, Mass., April 8, 1829, 
 the son of Eleazer Bartlett, who was a native 
 of East Killingly, Windham County, Conn., born 
 in 1800, and died at Webster, Mass., April 12, 
 1861. Mr. John A. Bartlett's grandfather, also 
 named Eleazer. was born in the Quinebaug Val- 
 ley, Conn., where the family ancestors had lived 
 for generations, and took part in the War of 
 the Revolution. Eleazer Bartlett, Jr., was reared 
 on his father's farm, and in his father's mill 
 learned something of machinery, which he ex- 
 tended in machine-shops, later being employed 
 in the making of machines for the manufacture 
 of woolen and cotton goods. About 1828 he 
 married Mrs. Harriet (Ashcraft) Bartlett, who 
 was born in Brooklyn, Conn., and became the 
 mother of the subject of this sketch, but died 
 in the twenty-seventh year of her age. 
 
 After attending the schools at Oxford and 
 Webster. Mass., until about 1-847, John A. Bart- 
 lett became an apprentice in a machine-shop, 
 where he spent six years in learning a trade. 
 October 13, 1854, he arrived in Chicago, and 
 during the following year became a member of 
 the wholesale boot and shoe firm of Rawson, 
 Bartlett & Company at 221-223 South Water 
 Street, which later became Rawson & Bartlett, 
 with more extensive quarters at 24 Lake 
 Street. They lost the greater part of their stock 
 by fire in May, 1860, but promptly resumed 
 business at 30 Lake Street. Mr. Rawson having 
 died in 1862, the firm was reorganized with a 
 brother of the deceased member of the firm as 
 senior partner. In 1866 Messrs. Hoswell & 
 Bush were admitted to the partnership, but a 
 year later, Mr. Rawson having retired, the firm 
 became Bartlett, Hoswell & Hush. In 1869 Mr. 
 Bartlett sold out his interest to his former part- 
 ner. S. W. Rawson, and withdrew from the 
 wholesale boot and shoe trade. A portion of 
 the following year was spent In traveling in 
 California for the benefit of his health, but re- 
 turning to Chicago in the summer of 1870, he 
 pntrTcd into partnership with A. P. Downs, in 
 the realeslatp buslnpss. which was terminated 
 by the death of Mr. Downs seven years later, 
 
 after which Mr. Bartlett was in business alone, 
 much of his attention being devoted to business 
 in Englewood and Auburn Park. In 1883 he 
 located on Perry Avenue, in what was then 
 known as Normal Park, which continued to 
 be his home for the rest of his life. In 1884 
 he was elected Assessor for Lake Township, and 
 in 1885 was chosen Superintendent of Public 
 Works by an almost unanimous vote, both as a 
 business man and a public official, proving him- 
 self an important factor in the development of 
 what is now a flourishing portion of the city of 
 Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Bartlett was married in Boston, Mass., 
 January 23, 1851, to Miss Sarah A. Wentworth, 
 daughter of Daniel S. and Rebecca J. Went- 
 worth, who T/ere natives of Maine, the father 
 dying in Effingham, N. H., when his daughter 
 was eleven years old. One son Charles A., now 
 of the firm of Bartlett, Olson & Hankinson, was 
 born of this marriage. Charles A. was married 
 in May, 1877, to Miss Carrie Kent of Engle- 
 wood, and they had three children: Mary F., 
 Kent W. and Helen S. John A. Bartlett was a 
 member of the Chicago Real Estate Board from 
 1883, an Odd Fellow from 1855, and a Republi- 
 can in politics from the organization of the 
 party in 1856. Mr. Bartlett died at his home in 
 Englewood March 3, 1902. 
 
 WILLIAM H. BARTLETT. 
 William H. Bartlett, Lieutenant of Engine No. 
 24, Chicago Fire Department, was born at Belvi- 
 dere, Boone County, 111., November 5, 1850, and 
 was educated in the public schools. After leav- 
 ing school, he drove a carriage for Mr. Kringle 
 at Belvidere, and came to Chicago in 1869 and 
 drove a carriage for U. R. Hawley, and later 
 at Center Avenue Stables. He joined the Fire 
 Patrol June 8, 1874, and was assigned to No. 
 1, but, having resigned, joined the Chicago Fire 
 Department in October, 1881, and was assigned 
 to Engine No. 14; next was transferred to 
 Truck No. 1, thence to Engine No. 1 December 
 31, 1881. Subsequent changes have included his 
 promotion to Lieutenant and transfer to Engine 
 No. 13 January 1. 1883, then to Engine No. 24 
 November 21, 1887, but is now (1904) on duty 
 on Engine No. 51, ready for any call where a 
 brave fireman is wanted. He has had many 
 narrow escapes, having had his head and hands 
 badly burned, but has sustained no permanent 
 injuries. He was married to Jenny Prinde- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 819 
 
 ville in Chicago, June 5, 1885, and one son has 
 been born to them. 
 
 FREDERICK BAUMANN. 
 
 Frederick Baumann, oldest living Chicago 
 architect, was born near Berlin, Germany, Jan- 
 uary 6, 1826, and was educated in the public 
 schools of his native place and at Berlin Poly- 
 technic Institute and the Academy of Arts. 
 After leaving the academy he embarked for 
 America June 7, 1850, and coming to Chicago, 
 worked on a farm at Washington Heights for 
 one year, then worked for one year as drafts- 
 man for John M. Van .Osdel, architect, after 
 which, on February 2, 1852, he joined with 
 Edward Burling under the firm name of Bur- 
 ling & Baumann, architects, the partnership 
 continuing for three years. The firm was then 
 dissolved, when he joined John Van Osdel, under 
 the style of Van Osdel & Baumann, remaining 
 four years. He then became a contractor for 
 seven years, after which he became associated 
 with his nephew, Edward Baumann, under the 
 firm name of F. & E. Baumann, continuing for 
 eight years, when he went into business for 
 himself as an architect, which he has continued 
 to the present time. He has built and super- 
 intended some of the largest and most extensive 
 buildings in Chicago, and is the oldest living 
 architect remaining in Chicago, since the 
 death of Edward Burling. 
 
 Mr. Baumann was married in Germany 
 December 15, 1854, to Miss Wilhelmina Steen- 
 hauer, and eleven children have blessed this 
 union, five of whom are now living, viz: George 
 M., Elsie M., Nellie M., Frederick and Edward 
 S. Baumann. 
 
 Chicago's pioneers have assisted in building 
 up here the most wonderful city in the world, 
 and Mr. Baumann has done his full share in 
 the accomplishment of this great work, for 
 which he has received the praise of his many 
 friends and associates. 
 
 ELMER E. BEACH. 
 Elmer E. Beach, lawyer, was born December 
 19, 1861, in Fremont County, Iowa. His father 
 moved his family to Northern Michigan when 
 the son was a lad of six years of age, and he 
 was there reared on a farm, thus fitting him 
 physically for a sturdy manhood. He left the 
 farm and his father's home when fifteen years 
 of age, to attend the schools of Grand Rapids, 
 
 Mich., and while in his 'teens entered the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, graduating at the age of 
 twenty-two years. He then began reading law 
 with Judge Shorey of Chicago, and was admit- 
 ted to the Chicago bar in 1888. Both his father, 
 Henry W., and his grandfather, Artemus H. 
 Beach, were born in New York State. His 
 mother, who was Miss Eva E., the daughter of 
 Mr. Jonathan Canfield, was born in Vermont, as 
 was her father also. 
 
 Mr. Beach was married July 29, 1889, to Miss 
 Jessie E. Taylor, of Ann Arbor, Mich., and 
 has one child, Elizabeth Clara. Politically Mr. 
 Beach is a Republican. He is now the head of 
 the firm of Beach & Beach, with offices in the 
 Ashland Block, having a general law practice. 
 Mr. Beach's success shows what can be accom- 
 plished by energy and perseverance, rising, as 
 he has done, from a farmer's boy to the posi- 
 tion of one of the leading attorneys at the Chi- 
 cago bar. 
 
 WILLIAM BEETLES. 
 William Beetles, United States Army and 
 valet to John B. Sherman, President of the 
 Union Stock Yards and Transit Company, was 
 born in North Cambridge, England, August 5, 
 1845; was educated in the district schools, and 
 came to America and to Chicago in November, 
 1865. In 1866 he returned to his native couq- 
 try, but in 1871 came back to America, and on 
 August 28, 1871, enlisted in the United States 
 Army, being honorably discharged August 28, 
 1878. After his return he was appointed Assist- 
 ant to Superintendent John Stevens, Exchange 
 Restaurant, Union Stock Yards, in 1877, re- 
 maining in that position two years. In 1879 he 
 again enlisted in the United States Army, but 
 was discharged in 1880 for disability on account 
 of a severe sunstroke. He then returned to the 
 Exchange Restaurant, remaining there until 
 employed by John B. Sherman until July 31, 
 1898, when he retired from active business. Mr. 
 Beetles has always been found ready for any 
 duty that he may have been called upon to per- 
 form. 
 
 AMES BEILFUS. 
 Ames Beilfus, Lieutenant Fire Department, 
 Swift & Company, Union Stock Yards, was born 
 in Chicago November 22, 1862, educated in the 
 Douglas school, and after leaving school, car- 
 ried water for the South Park Commissioners 
 
820 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 for three months. In 1878 he entered the em- 
 ployment of Swift & Company as handy boy at 
 the packing house; then killed and butchered 
 cattle for a time; was appointed Marshal in the 
 Fire Department in 1893, and when the Fire 
 Company was organized was chosen Lieutenant. 
 He has had numerous narrow escapes, but has 
 suffered no serious injuries. Lieutenant Beil- 
 fus was married in Chicago, January 16, 1886, 
 to Miss Hannah Crons, and four children have 
 blessed their union. 
 
 HENRY HOLMES BELFIELD. 
 
 Henry H. Belfield, A. M., Ph. D., educator, 
 was born in Philadelphia, Pa., of English par- 
 entage, November 17, 1837, and was educated at 
 Iowa College. During the War of the Rebellion 
 he served in the Army of the Cumberland, 
 first as a Lieutenant and afterwards as Adju- 
 tant of the Eighth Iowa Cavalry, as well as 
 upon the staff of Gen. E. M. McCook. While a 
 prisoner in the hands of the rebels, he was 
 placed under fire of the Union batteries at 
 Charleston. Coming to Chicago in 1866, he 
 served as Principal in various public schools, 
 including the North Division High School. He 
 was one of the earliest advocates of manual 
 training, and, on the establishment of the Chi- 
 cago Manual Training School, was appointed 
 its Director — a position he has continued to 
 occupy to the present time (1904). In 1901-2 
 he was in Europe, with a commission from the 
 United .States Govemment, studying technical 
 education. 
 
 Mr. Belfield is a member of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic, of the Military Order of -the 
 Loyal Legion, and is an elder in the Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 FRANK J. BELSKY. 
 Frank J. Belsky, Assistant Engineer, Engine 
 No. 23, Chicago Fire Department, was born in 
 Chicago May 14, 1872, and educated at the 
 Throop public school; later worked for the Mc- 
 Cormick Manufacturing Company about three 
 years, with William McGregor five years, one 
 year at Sanold's Bicycle Company Works, and 
 on the Twenty-second Street General Elec- 
 tric Car Line. On August 28, 1894, Mr. Bel- 
 sky joined the Chicago Fire Department, 
 being aHBlgned to Engine 29; was transferred 
 to Engine 7.'>, as Assistant Engineer, October 
 25, 1894. and on February 29, 1896, to Engine 
 
 23. Mr. Belsky was married in Chicago October 
 29, 1892, to June Maresh, and two children have 
 been born to them. He is one of Chicago's fire- 
 men who is always ready for any emergency 
 where nerve and fidelity to duty are needed. 
 
 DR. H. A. BENZ. 
 Dr. H. A. Benz, physician and surgeon, Wheel- 
 ing, 111., was born in New York City, March 
 12, 1863, the son of Henry and Emma (Rein- 
 hard) Benz; came with his parents to Chicago 
 in boyhood and was educated in the public 
 schools and Rush Medical College, graduating 
 from the latter in February, 1888. February 
 10, 1890, he located in the village of Wheeling, 
 where he has since resided and been engaged 
 in the practice of his profession. Dr. Benz 
 was married to Amelia Baistachy Martin in 
 the city of Chicago, and has had three chil- 
 dren: Oscar, Elizabeth (died November 10, 
 1898) and George. 
 
 COL. FRANKLIN J. BERRY. 
 
 To the man who establishes a new and hon- 
 orable business within her limits a city owes 
 a great debt. Especially is this true when the 
 trade is one calculated largely to advance its 
 material prosperity, and is inaugurated by a 
 man whose capability, experience and resolute 
 will combine to make it both important and 
 successful. Such a debt of gratitude and esteem 
 is due from Chicago to Mr. Franklin J. Berry, 
 its pioneer horse merchant. He was born at 
 Limington, Maine, on September 26, 1837, and 
 his education was obtained within the walls of 
 the district school-house. His business capabil- 
 ity began to manifest itself at a very early age. 
 When eighteen years old he left his father's 
 farm to embark in the live-stock business for 
 himself. So successful was he in this venture 
 that, at the age of twenty, he owned his own 
 farm, which he had purchased without assist- 
 ance from his father. He soon became recog- 
 nized as the largest stock and horse-dealer in 
 the State. Before reaching the age of twenty- 
 five he began the breeding of stock from im- 
 ported cattle, hogs, sheep and horses, among 
 the latter being some thoroughbred trotters. 
 He still runs a breeding farm, although his time 
 and attention are chiefly devoted to commercial 
 affairs. 
 
 It was in 1872 that Colonel Berry came from 
 Maine to Chicago, where he opened a small 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLIXOIS. 
 
 821 
 
 horse mart at the corner of Michigan Avenue 
 and Monroe Street. This was the pioneer horse 
 market in the West, and it flourished greatly 
 through the free but judicious use of money 
 by its proprietor in advertising and otherwise. 
 In 1886 the annual sales aggregated 4,000 
 horses, all eastern shippers being among his 
 patrons. By this time his trade had far out- 
 grown the capacity of his premises, and upon 
 the invitation of John B. Sherman, then Presi- 
 dent of the Union Stock Yards, he removed 
 thither on October 8, 1898, having previously 
 obtained the promise that the necessary stables 
 should be built as circumstances required. He 
 first occupied Barn No. 2, and Nos. 3 and 4 as 
 soon as they were built, the following year. He 
 still continued his advertising, finding that it 
 increased his business very rapidly. On Jan- 
 uary 3, 1888, he established an auction sale of 
 horses, the first ever held in the West. It is 
 also said that it was the first successful sale 
 of the kind ever held in the United States. 
 Leroy Marsh, of Galesburg, 111., greatly aided 
 the enterprise by furnishing two car-loads of 
 horses for the first sale, and one for each suc- 
 ceeding' auction. In order to establish the busi- 
 ness. Col. Berry put up his own horses on sale 
 at the first auction. They were sold at a loss of 
 
 This sale cost Mr. Berry $1,000, but it proved 
 money well invested. The astonishment among 
 horsemen, both East and West, was unprece- 
 dented. They could not understand how horses 
 could be put up and actually sold at such prices. 
 The sale was conducted on strictly honorable, 
 business principles, and this straightforward 
 uprightness has been the keynote of Mr. Berry's 
 success in business. Every horse was sold only 
 on its merits, a guaranteed statement of all its 
 good and bad qualities being given to the pur- 
 chaser. The result proved very valuable, buy- 
 ers coming to subsequent auctions from all 
 parts of the country. It is said that Mr. Berry 
 spent not less than $85,000 in nine years in 
 advertising his auctions alone. He was the 
 first to introduce high-class trotting sales out- 
 side of Kentucky and New York, and some idea 
 of the volume of business done by him may be 
 gathered from the fact that his sales in 1895 
 exceeded 27,000 horses. His business associates, 
 recognizing his ability and worth, elected him 
 the first President of the National Horse Ex- 
 change, and of the National Horse Breeders' 
 
 Association. The latter office he still holds. 
 The rules governing the auction sales estab- 
 lished by Mr. Berry have been adopted by all 
 auction sales of horses in the United States. 
 
 On October 24, 1858, he married Sarah W. 
 Weeman, at Standish, Maine. She has borne 
 him two daughters — Ella May (now deceased) 
 and Ella May (second) — the younger of whom 
 was born February 26, 1869, and is the wife of 
 Benjamin P. Rideing, a dry-goods merchant of 
 New York City. 
 
 In politics he is an earnest Republican, and 
 for many years was one of the enthusiastic and 
 untiring workers for the principles and policies 
 of that party. He was a delegate to the Repub- 
 lican National Convention at St. Louis in 1896, 
 which nominated the lamented McKinley, and 
 for two months of the campaign of that year 
 spoke almost daily in this city and State advo- 
 cating the election of Mr. McKinley and the 
 maintenance of a stable currency. In the cam- 
 paign of 1900 he delivered forty-two addresses 
 from the platform in this city and State, the 
 result of which work was most satisfactory. 
 Colonel Berry holds the world's record as the 
 largest horse-dealer, selling more horses in one 
 year than any other one man. 
 
 JOHN J. BERRY. 
 John J. Berry, Engineer Engine No. 42, Chi- 
 cago Fire Department, was born in Amesburg, 
 Canada, July 25, 1846, came to Detroit, Mich., 
 with his parents in 1847, and to Chicago in 
 1857, and here attended the Kinzie and Dear- 
 born schools. After leaving school he worked 
 for F. E. Rigby & Son (wall-paper dealers), and 
 later for J. M. Loomis (hatter); then for the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad as fireman in 
 1861, until he joined the Fire Department July 
 25, 1866, as stoker for "Liberty" Engine No. 7 
 (name changed to "Fred Gund" No. 14 Febru- 
 ary 5, 1867), being promoted to Engineer Jan- 
 uary 1, 1871. He was at a fire on Fifth Avenue 
 near Monroe Street on Saturday night, October 
 7, 1871, after which he went to the West Side 
 fire (Hills' box factory), corner of Canal and 
 Jackson Streets, and worked there until Sunday 
 morning; went to the Sunday night fire, Octo- 
 ber 8, at 10 o'clock (at Bateham's mill), and 
 from there to Van Buren and Canal Streets, and 
 worked two lines between Clinton and Canal 
 Streets, and then across the street to the coal- 
 yards, where the company lost their engine 
 
822 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 about midnight, as it became so hot that they 
 could not reach the pole, although the horses 
 were saved. After losing their engine, Mr. 
 Berry went to the Chicago Avenue engine house 
 and then to Miller's dry-dock and helped on En- 
 gine 11 until Tuesday morning, when he went 
 to Aurora Turner Hall (Milwaukee Avenue) 
 for breakfast. Later he went to Kirk's Soap 
 Factory (.North Pier), and used Engine No. 2, 
 of Racine, Wis., for three days, drawing water 
 from the river, in the meantime taking Engine 
 No. 30 of New York City to the water-works, 
 working there ten days pumping water into the 
 mains. Later he took charge of Engine 20 at 
 the engine house. This was the first self-pro- 
 pelling engine used in Chicago, being loaned to 
 the city by the Amoskeag Company until the 
 "Fred Gund" and "William Jones" were rebuilt. 
 After the "Fred Gund" was rebuilt Engineer 
 Berry ran it until 1881, and then the "Ahrens" 
 No. 14 was installed in the same house, where 
 he remained until March 31, 1888, when he was 
 transferred to Engine 42, and still remains 
 ready for any call. Very fortunately he has 
 sustained no serious injury but, of course, has 
 had many narrow escapes. 
 
 Mr. Berry was married to Miss Rebecca A. 
 Shaffer in Chicago, June 15, 1867, and three 
 children have been born to them, only one of 
 whom is now living. 
 
 JOHN ELLISON BEST. 
 John E. Best, M. D., practicing physician and 
 surgeon, Arlington Heights, was born in Dorr 
 Township, McHenry County, 111., October 31, 
 1843. His father, Michael Best, was a native 
 of Fingal, Ontario, Dominion of Canada, born 
 in 1812, and his mother, Hannah (Ellison) Best, 
 born the same year near Montreal, though after- 
 wards residing at St. Thomas. Within three 
 weeks after their marriage the young couple 
 started by wagon for Illinois, bringing with 
 them all their belongings. Having arrived in 
 Dorr Township, McHenry County, in November, 
 1840, where Mr. Best had located a claim in 
 May previous, they here established their home 
 near the present site of the city of Woodstock. 
 Mr. Best's life occupation was that of a farmer, 
 and, In common with the pioneer settlers of 
 that period, the first few years of their resi- 
 dence In their western home were attended with 
 much hardship and privation. They continued 
 to occupy ilH'lr home near Woodstock until 
 
 1878, when they removed to Crystal Lake, 
 where they resided until the death of Mr. Best, 
 which occurred in 1890. Both Mr. and Mrs. 
 Best were consistent members of the Methodist 
 Church. The remaining years of Mrs. Best's 
 life were spent with her son, the subject of this 
 sketch. Shfe died in 1901, aged ninety years. 
 
 Dr. Best received his early education in the 
 public schools, followed by a course in Todd 
 Seminary at Woodstock. At the age of nine- 
 teen years he enlisted as a private in the Nine- 
 ty-fifth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry. 
 Soon afteV entering the service he stood on the 
 picket line for a period of five hours through 
 a drenching rain, in consequence of the neglect 
 of the Corporal who, having overslept him- 
 self, failed to relieve the guard at the proper 
 hour. As a consequence he contracted a serious 
 illness, which kept him in the hospital most of 
 the time for a year, finally resulting in his dis- 
 charge for disability. After his army experi- 
 ence he entered Rush Medical College as a 
 student, graduating in 1870. Since then, when 
 not engaged in special study, he has devoted 
 his undivided attention to the practice of his 
 profession. In the winter of 1882 he took a 
 course of lectures at Bellevue Medical College, 
 New York, also devoting special attention to 
 pathology, laryngoscopy and surgery. Again in 
 1890 he took a general course at the Polyclinic 
 Medical School in New York, with special work 
 in surgery and microscopy. For one year (1896) 
 he held by appointment a position on the sur- 
 gical staff connected with the Cook County 
 Hospital. During the year 1899 he took a spe- 
 cial course in surgery at the Chicago Polyclinic. 
 The time spent by him in special courses of 
 study has proven his devotion to his chosen 
 profession. In fact he has been a life student, 
 in addition to his professional studies having 
 given much attention to the sciences and gen- 
 eral literature. His literary tastes have been 
 evinced in the collection of an excellent library 
 for the use of himself and family, and in the 
 time spent in the study of books when not 
 otherwise employed. The love of the beautiful, 
 both in art and nature has left its impress 
 on his home life. 
 
 On December 23, 1867, Dr. Best was married 
 to Miss Celestia Taylor, a woman of cultured 
 intellect, a faithful co-worker and of elevated 
 Christian character. After many years of mar- 
 ital happiness her death occurred on the twenty- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 i23 
 
 fifth anniversary of their location in Arlington 
 Heights. Two children were the fruit of this 
 union. Emma, born December 3, 1873, was 
 a promising girl of bright intellect and most 
 happy temperament, but died, deeply mourned 
 by her family and friends, January 21, 1890, at 
 the age of a little over sixteen years. Bruce 
 Taylor was born December 9, 1876, and is a 
 young man of vigorous and sterling character 
 and studious habits; he graduated at Rush 
 Medical College in March, 1894, and is now 
 associated with his father in the practice of 
 medicine at Arlington Heights. 
 
 On August 5, 1896, Dr. Best was married to 
 Miss Nellie Noyes, a woman of refined and cul- 
 tivated tastes, who has contributed her full 
 share to the making of a happy home. 
 
 Dr. Best is a member of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, and has been active in Sunday 
 School work, being, for a number of years, Su- 
 perintendent of the Sabbath School connected 
 with his church. Politically he has been an 
 ardent and life-long Republican, but tolerant 
 of the views of others. He has always taken an 
 active interest in enterprises looking to the 
 improvement of the village, and has been a 
 liberal contributor to charitable purposes. Of 
 sterling integrity, practical and skillful in his 
 profession, genial and hospitable in his home 
 and social life, he has established for himself 
 a high reputation as a public-spirited and influ- 
 ential private citizen and a most capable and 
 useful member of the medical profession. He 
 is a member of the Chicago Medical Society; 
 the niinois State Medical Society; the Amer- 
 ican Medical Association; Gen. John A. Logan 
 Post, G. A. R. ; is a Knight Templar, and Noble 
 of the Mystic Shrine. 
 
 FRANK BIELENBERG. 
 Frank Bielenberg, Pipeman, Engine No. 74, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago 
 January 10, 1871; educated in the Foster school, 
 and after leaving school worked as a bell-boy at 
 the Briggs House for one year. He then went 
 to Irondale in 1884, and worked in a nail fac- 
 tory for five years, and later for the Standard 
 Oil Company for one and a half years; then 
 spent a year in California, when he returned 
 to Chicago and joined the World's Fair Fire 
 Department August 5, 1892, on Engine No. 1. 
 He was in the Cold Storage fire July 10, 1893, 
 and on the tower with William Mahoney when 
 
 they found it all afire. They went to the north 
 side of the tower and found a rope tied to the 
 railing which proved to be partially burned. 
 They slid down the rope together about 
 forty feet, and then dropped forty-seven feet 
 to the roof of the main building. Bielenberg 
 landed on his feet with a force heavy enough to 
 burst the uppers from both the soles of his 
 shoes, and was rescued unconscious, while 
 Mahoney had both legs and collar-bone broken. 
 Bielenberg was taken to the hospital and re- 
 covered so that he was at work again in a 
 month, and remained on Engine No. 1 until the 
 company was disbanded. He then worked in 
 the ship-yard at South Chicago until he joined 
 the Chicago Fire Department December 1, 1894, 
 on Truck 17; and was transferred September 
 1, 1896, to Engine No. 74, where he still re- 
 mains ready for any call that may be made for 
 his services either of duty or danger. 
 
 Mr. Bielenberg was married in Chicago,. 
 November 5, 1895, to Miss Clara Kumpf, and 
 two children have been born to them. 
 
 JUDD E. BISBEY. 
 
 Judd E. Bisbey, live-stock commission mer- 
 chant, was born in Perry, Wyoming County, N. 
 Y., December 3, 1831, and educated in the dis- 
 trict schools. After leaving school he went to 
 Winneshiek County, Iowa, in 1852, and en- 
 tered a large number of acres of land, which he 
 held until it became of value in the market,, 
 when he deeded it back to the Government ai 
 a profit to himself, later deeding 500 acres more 
 near Waterloo, in the same State. Having sold 
 all of his land, he came to Belvidere, 111., and 
 bought grain for ten years; then went to Cedar 
 Falls, Iowa, and sold goods there for ten years, 
 coming to Chicago in 1871. After his arrival in 
 Chicago he was employed by Wallwork & Mai- 
 lory for one year, and then by Hall, Patter- 
 son & Co. for five years. The firm of McDon- 
 ald, Wolcott & Co. was organized, in which 
 he became a partner, remaining one year. He 
 then found employment with Wagner Broth- 
 ers & Co., remaining with them ten years; later 
 was connected with the Iowa Live Stock Com- 
 mission Company for two years, and then with 
 Rosenbaum Brothers & Co. up to the present 
 time. 
 
 Mr. Bisbey was married in Belvidere, 111., 
 January 1, 1855, to Miss Lucia Morse, and one- 
 daughter has been the fruit of this union. Mr„ 
 
824 
 
 HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Bisbey has shown by his devotion to his busi- 
 ness associates that he is a man of sterling 
 worth, pleasant, courteous and affable in all 
 of his dealings. Has done his part well in as- 
 sisting to build up this western country, and 
 especially in Cook County, and at the Union 
 Stock Yards. 
 
 JOHN CHARLES BLACK. 
 John Charles Black, lawyer and soldier, born 
 at Lexington, Miss., January 27, 1839, at eight 
 years of age came with his widowed mother to 
 Illinois; while a student at Wabash College, 
 Ind.. in April, 1861, enlisted in the Union Army, 
 serving gallantly and with distinction until 
 August 15. 1S65, when, as Colonel of the Thirty- 
 seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, he retired 
 with the rank of Brevet-Brigadier-General; was 
 admitted to the bar in 1867, and after practi- 
 cing at Danville, Champaign and Urbana, in 1885 
 was appointed Commissioner of Pensions, serv- 
 ing until 1889, when he removed to Chicago; 
 served as Congressman-at-large (1893-95), and 
 United States District Attorney (1895-99); Com- 
 mander of the Loyal Legion and of the G. A. 
 R. (Department of Illinois); was elected Com- 
 mander-in-Chief of the Grand Army at the 
 Grand Encampment, 1903. Gen. Black received 
 the honorary degree of A. M. from his Alma 
 Mater and that of LL. D. from Knox College; 
 in January, 1904, was appointed by President 
 Roosevelt member of the United States Civil 
 Service Commission, and chosen its President. 
 
 JOSEPH L. BLACK. 
 Joseph L. Black, M. D., practicing physician, 
 Palatine. Cook County, 111., is a native of Port- 
 land, Ind., born May 22, 1868. He was grad- 
 uated from the Chicago Homeopathic College in 
 1893. and from the Cook County Hospital on 
 October first of the following year. Having 
 taken a post-graduate course, he located at 
 Palatine, which has l)een his home ever since. 
 Dr. Black has one of the best equipped offices 
 In Cook County outside of the city of Chicago, 
 and devotes much time to special treatment 
 with his static electric machine. On June 29, 
 1898, he was married to Rose Robertson, of Bar- 
 rinRton, III. 
 
 JAMES BLAIR. 
 ThJH Hiiccessful man of l)UHiness, widely and 
 favorably known as Secretary and Treasurer 
 
 of the National Horse Exchange at the Union 
 Stock Yards, was born at Joliet, 111., July 1, 
 1862; received his education in the city public 
 schools, and at the age of eighteen accompanied 
 his father to Lenox, 111., where he worked on 
 the paternal dairy farm until he was of age. 
 His business career has been a somewhat varied 
 one. On leaving home he went to Aurora, 111., 
 where he established the firm of Blair Brothers, 
 which, for ten years, imported and sold English 
 horses, he himself conducting a furniture and 
 undertaking establishment for two years. On 
 July 10, 1892, he first took up his residence in 
 Chicago and, in September following, accepted 
 the position of manager of the Moorish Palace 
 at the World's Fair. 
 
 Before the close of the Exposition, on Sep- 
 tember 15, 1893, Mr. Blair organized the firm 
 of Evans, Ellsworth & Blair (incorporated), 
 of which he became President. A year later 
 this corporation was dissolved, to be succeeded 
 by the Blair & Evans Company, Mr. Blair again 
 occupying the President's chair. After two 
 years Mr. Blair bought the interest of Mr. 
 Evans, and proceeded to organize the Blair 
 Commission Company, of which concern he is 
 both President and Treasurer. The company 
 does a large and successful business, its annual 
 sales averaging about five thousand horses. In 
 the eight years during which he has carried 
 on business at the Union Stock Yards Mr. Blair 
 has earned a high reputation for sagacity, sound 
 judgment and integrity, and in testimony of 
 their high confidence in his ability and worth, 
 his business associates have elected him to the 
 responsible position which he so ably fills. On 
 October 16, 1880, he married Miss Frances 
 Curry, of Aurora, 111., and two children have 
 been born to them. 
 
 RUFUS BLANCHARD. 
 Rufus Blanchard was born in Lyndeboro, N. 
 H., March 7, 1821. In early boyhood he attended 
 the district school. At twelve years of age he 
 entered Ipswich Academy, near his home, and 
 later studied under private tutors in higher 
 mathematics and Latin. To state correctly, 
 Mr. Blanchard was a student to the last day of 
 his life. His jiarents were well to do for those 
 days, and both father and mother were descend- 
 ed from ancestry who had been active in the 
 making of Colonial and Revolutionary history. 
 He went to New York City in (he fall of 1836 
 
HISTORICAL EN^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 825 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 accompanied by his fatlier, and engaged in the 
 service of Harper Brothers, publishers. The 
 next spring (1837) he witnessed the closing of 
 the doors of all the banks in Wall Street; and 
 every bank in the United States suspended 
 specie payments as soon as the action of the 
 "Wall Street banks became known. If they had 
 not done this, they would have been drawn 
 upon to redeem the entire amount of their 
 circulation in specie. The Wall Street banks 
 did not keep their doors closed more than two 
 days, and after opening again they did business 
 as usual, except that they paid out no specie. 
 This suspension lasted about two years, during 
 which time gold and silver commanded a pre- 
 mium of about twenty per cent, silver being 
 held in special demand, as it was wanted for 
 making change. This was the beginning of the 
 panic of 1837 for which President Andrew 
 Jackson was held responsible. In 1838 Mr. 
 Blanchard, with his older brother, Edwin, went 
 to Ohio, bought land and engaged in farming 
 for three years, teaching school during each 
 winter in log school-houses. No fads were 
 taught, but a number of his scholars were well 
 advanced in their respective studies, embracing 
 the higher branches of mathematics. 
 
 In 1847 Mr. Blanchard opened a book and map 
 store in Cincinnati, operating a branch during 
 the winter season in New Orleans. Leaving 
 Cincinnati in 1850 he went to New York City 
 and formed a partnership at 195 Broadway with 
 Charles Morse, son of the inventor of the tele- 
 graph, and they were the first in the United 
 States to publish maps engraved in cerography, 
 now called wax-engraving. Sidney E. Morse, 
 editor of the "New York Observer," and brother 
 of the telegraph inventor, improved upon this 
 system of engraving, as it had been practiced 
 in Germany, and gave his nephew Charles and 
 Mr. Blanchard the benefit of his new methods. 
 In 1853 this partnership was dissolved by mut- 
 ual consent, and Mr. Blanchard transferred 
 his business to Chicago, and opened a general 
 book and map store, where, for the remainder 
 of his life, he was engaged in publishing maps 
 and writing history. His last work, "Docu- 
 mentary History of Cession of Louisiana to the 
 United States," was published a few months be- 
 fore his death, soon after the publication of his 
 history of "The North-West and Chicago." His 
 pursuit of science was confined to such studies 
 in Mathematics and the languages as were 
 
 necessary in his business and literary vocation. 
 Mr. Blanchard died at his home atWheaton, 111., 
 January 3, 1904, having nearly rounded out a 
 full eighty-three years of active life. He was 
 slightly ill tor two hours, but his mind was 
 clear to the last moment of life when, without 
 warning or struggle, he closed his eyes and 
 gently passed away. Mr. Blanchard was an 
 easy writer and deep thinker, a man who made 
 friends and retained them always through his 
 natural force of character and kindly disposi- 
 tion. He had no children. His wife survives 
 him. 
 
 JAMES C. BLANEY. 
 James C. Blaney, former Assistant Engineer, 
 Fullerton Avenue Pumping Station, now Chief 
 Boiler Inspector, city of Chicago, was born in 
 New York City, January 10, 1862; came to Chi- 
 cago in 1867, and here attended the Coleman 
 public school. After leaving school he served 
 his time at the Rock Island Railroad boiler 
 shops, remaining there six years; then worked 
 for C. P. Willard & Co. (now Chicago Marine 
 Works) for one and a half years, when he be- 
 came Assistant Superintendent for the Marine 
 Boiler Works, Milwaukee, Wis. (afterwards sold 
 to E. P. Allis & Co.), remaining in that position 
 three years. Returning to Chicago, he worked 
 for Jonathan Clark & Co. as mechanical en- 
 gineer, assisting in the construction of the Art 
 Institute building; later went to the Stock Yards 
 for the American Glue Company, and when they 
 started was appointed Chief Engineer of their 
 works, remaining two and a half years. He 
 next occupied a position for two years as fire- 
 man at the boiler-shop of the Santa Fe Railroad 
 Company, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Blaney stood at the head of a list of one 
 hundred and fifty applicants as boiler-worker, 
 and in February, 1898, received an appointment 
 to the Chicago Avenue Pumping Station. In 
 1885 he was "tapper" for the Town of Lake 
 water-works; later took charge, as general fore- 
 man, of the erection and repairs of all the 
 boilers and tanks of Swift & Company, Union 
 Stock Yards, remaining two years, and then in 
 1892 started in business for himself at the Gar- 
 den City Boiler-Works, LaSalle and Root 
 Streets. He continued his connection with this 
 concern until 1896, when, after working at 
 several places, he took the civil service exam- 
 ination and was one of fourteen out of 
 ninety-seven applicants who passed for the posi- 
 
826 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 tion of mechanical engineer. He was appointed 
 to the Bridgeport Pumping Station as Assist- 
 ant Engineer, remaining until July 24, 1900, 
 when the city turned the station over to the 
 Sanitary District. He was then transferred to 
 the FuUerton Avenue Pumping Station, but 
 later, in January, 1901, Mr. Blaney took Coolv 
 County civil service examination in mechanical 
 engineering, and was one of the five who 
 passed; was appointed Assistant Engineer for 
 the Cook County Hospital, but declined the 
 appointment. Later he was appointed Chief 
 Boiler Inspector, a position which he still holds. 
 Mr. Blaney was married to Miss Agnes F. 
 Leach in Chicago, August 28, 1884, and they 
 have had ten children, seven of whom are now 
 living. 
 
 ELIPHALET WICKES BLATCHFORD. 
 
 Eliphalet Wickes Blatchford, LL.D., son of 
 John Blatchford, D. D., was born at Stillwater, 
 N. Y., May 31, 1826, being a grandson of Samuel 
 Blatchford, D. D., who came to New York from 
 England in 1795. He prepared for college at 
 Lansingburgh Academy, New York, and at 
 Marion College, Mo., finally graduating at Illi- 
 nois College, Jacksonville, in the class of 1845. 
 After graduating he was employed for several 
 years in the law offices of his uncles, R. M. and 
 E. H. Blatchford, New York. For considera- 
 tions of health he returned to the West, and, in 
 1850. engaged in business for himself as a lead 
 manufacturer in St. Louis, Mo., afterwards asso- 
 ciating with him the late Morris Collins, under 
 the firm name of Blatchford & Collins. In 1854 
 a branch was established in Chicago, known as 
 Collins & Blatchford. After a few years the 
 firm was dissolved, Mr. Blatchford taking the 
 Chicago business, which has been continued as 
 E. W. Blatchford & Co., to the present time 
 (1905). 
 
 While Mr. Blatchford has invariably declined 
 political offices, he has been recognized as a 
 stanch Republican, and the services of few men 
 have been in more frequent request for posi- 
 tions of trust in connection with educational 
 and benevolent enterprises. Among the numer- 
 ous positions of this character which he has 
 been called to fill are those of Treasurer of the 
 Northwestern Branch of the I'nlted States San- 
 itary Commission d\iring the Civil War, to 
 which he devoted a large part of his lime; 
 TniHtee of Illinois College (1866-75); President 
 
 of the Chicago Academy of Sciences; a member, 
 and for seventeen years President, of the Board 
 of Trustees of the Chicago Eye and Ear In- 
 firmary; Trustee of the Chicago Art Institute; 
 Executor and Trustee of the estate of the late 
 Walter L. Newberry, and, since its incorpora- 
 tion, President of the Board of Trustees of 
 The Newberry Library; Trustee of the John 
 Crerar Library; one of the founders and Presi- 
 dent of the Board of Trustees of the Chicago 
 Manual Training School; life member of the 
 Chicago Historical Society; for nearly forty 
 years President of the Board of Directors of the 
 Chicago Theological Seminary; during his resi- 
 dence in Chicago an officer of the New England 
 Congregational Church; a corporate member of 
 the American Board of Commissioners for For- 
 eign Missions, and for fourteen years its Vice- 
 President; a charter member of the City Mis- 
 sionary Society, and of the Congregational Club 
 of Chicago; a member of the Chicago Union 
 League, the University, the Literary, and the 
 Commercial Clubs, of which latter he has been 
 President. 
 
 October 7, 1858, Mr. Blatchford was married 
 to Miss Mary Emily Williams, daughter of John 
 C. Williams, of Chicago. Seven children — 
 four sons and three daughters — have blessed 
 this union, the eldest son, Paul, being today one 
 of Chicago's valued business men. Mr. Blatch- 
 ford's life has been one of ceaseless and suc- 
 cessful activity in business and philanthropy, 
 and to such men Chicago owes much. In the 
 giving of time and money for Christian, edu- 
 cational, and benevolent enterprises, he has 
 been conspicuous for his generosity, and noted 
 for his valuable counsel and executive ability 
 in carrying these enterprises to success. 
 
 JAMES BLIGH. 
 James Bligh (deceased), pioneer live stock 
 dealer and commission merchant, was born in 
 Roscommon, Ireland, April 4, 1832; was edu- 
 cated in the common schools, and after leaving 
 school was appointed agent for the Inman 
 Steamship line in his native city, remaining in 
 that position until he came to Providence, R. 
 I., in 1854, and to Chicago in 1855. After com- 
 ing to Providence he was for a time interested 
 in the construction of the railroad from Prov- 
 idence to Newport. After arriving in Chicago 
 he bought cattle in the country on his own ac- 
 count and shipped them from different local- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 827 
 
 ities to the Ft. Wayne Stock Yards, Chicago, 
 for eight years; then bought in the Chicago 
 market through Nichols & Adams, and later 
 formed a partnership with the late W. T. 
 Keenan, continuing in this line seven years, 
 buying and shipping cattle to the Lake Superior 
 region, and trading them for furs and other 
 commodities with the Indians and others. He 
 had a shipment of cattle aboard the steamer 
 "Lady Elgin" when she was lost off Gross 
 Point, on November 7, 1860, and dead cattle 
 were strewn along the shore between Evanston 
 and Gross Point. The man in charge was lost, 
 but Mr. Bligh was fortunate enough to miss the 
 boat, and consequently his life was saved. 
 
 He then organized the firm of James Bligh & 
 Co., his son, William J. Bligh, being the other 
 member, which continued for two years until 
 his health failed him, when he returned to his 
 birthplace in Ireland, where on May 10, 1880 
 (eighteen months later), he passed away, and 
 where his remains repose. He was an esteemed 
 member of Home Lodge, A. F. & A. M., Engle- 
 wood, and one of the pioneers who helped in 
 the upbuilding of Chicago and the Union Stock 
 Yards. 
 
 Mr. Bligh was married in Providence, R. I., 
 in June, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Notley, and four 
 children blessed their union, three of whom 
 are now living, viz.: G. H. Bligh, W. J. Bligh 
 and Mrs. E. Thorne, formerly Anna Bligh. His 
 widow, Mrs. E. Bligh, now resides at 6407 Ellis 
 avenue, Chicago. 
 
 EDWARD M. BLOCKS. 
 Edward Blocks, furniture dealer and under- 
 taker, Harrington, Cook County, 111., was born 
 in Chicago, 111., in 1864, and educated in his 
 native place. He learned the trade of harness- 
 making and wood-turning and in 1893 settled 
 in Barrington, establishing himself there in the 
 undertaking and furniture business. He and 
 his wife Olive have two children — both girls — 
 named Sadie and Magdeline. 
 
 ABRAHAM BLUM. 
 Abraham Blum, hotel-keeper, Arlington 
 Heights, 111., was born at Dunton, 111., in 1861, 
 the son of Meyer Blum, a native of Alsace, 
 France (now Germany), who came to Cook 
 County in 1854, and, in 1856, married Henrietta 
 Minchrod. On November 25, 1888, Mr. Blum was 
 married at Lima, Ohio, to Fannie Kohn, and 
 
 they have three children — two sons and a 
 daughter. 
 
 PAUL J. BLUM. 
 
 Paul J. Blum, Superintendent McReynolds 
 Elevator A, South Chicago, was born in Ger- 
 many, October 3, 1872, the son of John and 
 Catharine Blum, who had a family of six sons 
 and six daughters. When only seven years of 
 age, Paul J. came to America with his brother 
 Joseph J., here attended the public schools, and 
 when he had reached eleven years of age, en- 
 tered into the employment of the Brunswick 
 Pool-Table Manufacturing Company. In the 
 meantime he continued his attendance on the 
 night schools, graduating in the common 
 branches. Mr. Blum has been engaged in the 
 elevator business some fifteen years, beginning 
 as a shoveler in the Keith & Company Elevator, 
 on Halsted and Archer avenue, later became 
 foreman at the National Elevator on Archer 
 Avenue, where he remained seven years. In 
 1897 he entered into the employment of Charles 
 Counselman as foreman at the Englewood Ele- 
 vator, in 1900 becoming connected with the Mc- 
 Reynolds Company, where he has since re- 
 mained, in 1901 being promoted to the position 
 of Superintendent and now having full charge. 
 The McReynolds Elevator was erected in 1900, 
 is thoroughly equipped with modern machinery 
 and has a capacity of one and a half million 
 bushels. Mr. Blum is married, and shows his 
 foresight by carrying a life insurance of $5,000. 
 In politics he is a Republican, and in religious 
 association a communicant of the Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 AUGUST C. BOEBER. 
 
 August C. Boeber, prominent business man 
 and City Treasurer of Blue Island, was born in 
 Blue Island, December 17, 1857, the son of Fred 
 and Elizabeth (Hanzen) Boeber, both natives of 
 Germany, the father of Saxony and the mother 
 of Baden. The former came to America and 
 to Blue Island in 1842, and the latter to Chi- 
 cago in 1838, and later to Blue Island, where 
 they were married, and where the father car- 
 ried on farming, dying there in 1894. They had 
 a family of eight children, viz.: Minnie (de- 
 ceased), Hannah (now Mrs. Schultz. of Elgin, 
 111.). Charles (of Blue Island), William (in 
 hardware business), Julia (Mrs. Blatt, of En- 
 glewood), A. C, Lizzie (Mrs. Heineck, of Blue 
 Island), and Anna (Mrs. Neim, of Blue Island). 
 The mother still resides in Blue Island. Au- 
 
828 
 
 HISTORICAL E:N'CYCL0PEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 gust C. Boeber was reared and educated in 
 Blue Island and at twenty-one years of age 
 embarked in the coal and ice trade, which he 
 continued until selling out his interest in the 
 coal business; he has since given his attention 
 exclusively to the ice trade. 
 
 Mr. Boeber marriel in Blue Island Barbara 
 Fiedler, who was born in Germany, the daugh- 
 ter of John and Catharine Fiedler, coming to 
 Illinois with her parents from their native coun- 
 try. Mr. and Mrs. Boeber have had four chil- 
 dren born to them: Clara, Ellen, Irene and 
 Gilbert. Mr. Boeber was elected a member of 
 the Blue Island Board of Trustees in 1887, and 
 again in 1890; in 1901 was elected City Treas- 
 urer of the newly organized city of Blue Island. 
 In 1902 he was a candidate on the Republican 
 ticket for County Commissioner for the coun- 
 try districts, and was elected, receiving the 
 largest vote of any candidate on the ticket for 
 that office, and being re-elected in 1904. Socially 
 he is a member of the Royal Arcanum and of 
 the Liederkranz Society; is also a member of 
 the German Lutheran Church. 
 
 ANDREW H. BOEHNER. 
 
 August H. Boehner, cheese and butter man- 
 ufacturer, Barrington Township, Cook County, 
 111., was born in Germany in 1854 and educated 
 in his native country. He came to Barrington, 
 his present place of residence, in 1875, and in 
 1879 was married at Elgin, 111., to Sophia Wal- 
 baum, by whom he has seven children — Laura, 
 Malinda, Franklin (deceased), Louise, Arthur, 
 Edna (deceased), and Marguerite. Mr. Boehner 
 is engaged in the cheese and butter manufac- 
 ture, and produces about 900 pounds of cheese 
 and 400 pounds of butter daily. He is one of the 
 Supervisors of Cook County, having been first 
 elected in 1899, and has also been a member of 
 the Barrington School Board for four years. 
 He is a Reput)lican in politics and in religious 
 faith a menl)Pr of the United Evangelical 
 Church. 
 
 HENRY BOLTE. 
 
 Henry Bolte, Postmaster, Arlington Heights, 
 111., was born In Germany. June 4, 1843, the son 
 of Otto and Engel Marie (Russel) Bolte, both 
 natives of Germany, who emigrated to America 
 In 18r>7, first settling at Syracuse, N. Y. The 
 following spring the family removed to Cook 
 Connty, III., where young Bolte found employ- 
 ment on the farm of his uncle, Henry Russel, 
 
 but two years later was apprenticed to learn 
 the shoemaker's trade with John King, of Ar- 
 lington Heights. In 1862 he enlisted as a pri- 
 vate in Company I, Seventy-second Illinois Vol- 
 unteer Infantry, under command of Capt. (after- 
 wards Lieutenant-Colonel) James A. Sexton, 
 and took part in the battles of Champion Hill, 
 Big Black, the siege of Vicksburg, and battles 
 of Franklin, Nashville, Fort Blakely and Span- 
 ish Fort, being mustered out at Vicksburg, Au- 
 gust 6, 1865. Returning to Arlington Heights, 
 he worked at his trade for a time, but later 
 spent eight years in Minnesota. Again return- 
 ing to Arlington Heights in 1875, he opened a 
 shoe store, where he has since continued in 
 business. In 1889 he was appointed Postmaster 
 at Arlington Heights, serving one term, and in 
 1897, was reappointed by President McKinley, 
 retaining the office until May 15, 1904. 
 
 HENRY LEONIDAS BOLTWOOD. 
 
 Henry Leonidas Boltwood, teacher, Evanston, 
 111., is descended from a Massachusetts family, 
 his paternal great-grandfather, William Bolt- 
 wood, having been born at Hadley in that State, 
 while his grandfather, also named William, was 
 a native of Amherst. On the material side he 
 is descended from Jacob Stetson, of Abington, 
 Mass., where his mother, Electa (Stetson) Bolt- 
 wood, was born. Professor Boltwood was born 
 at Amherst, Mass., January 17, 1831, fitted for 
 college at Amherst Academy, and graduated 
 from Amherst College in 1853. While in college 
 he began his career as a teacher in the public 
 schools, and, after graduation, taught in acad- 
 emies at Limerick, Me., Pembroke and Derry, 
 N. H., and in the high schools at Palmer and 
 Lawrence. Mass. On July 31, 1855, he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Helen Eugenia F^eld, of Charle- 
 mont, Mass., and of this union only one child 
 (Charles Edward) was born, who graduated at 
 Amherst College in 1881 and died December 23, 
 1884. Professor Boltwood also served for a 
 time as School Commissioner for Rockingham 
 County, N. H. 
 
 In 1864 Professor Boltwood entered the serv- 
 ice of the United States Sanitary Commission in 
 the Department of the Gulf, and, during the 
 following year, was ordained Army Chaplain 
 for the Sixty-seventh United States Colored 
 Regiment, but was never formally mustered into 
 the service. In August, 1865, he removed to 
 Illinois and became Superintendent of Schools 
 
HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 829 
 
 at Griggsville, Pike County, where he remained 
 two years. In 1867, on the recommendation of 
 the late Dr. Newton Bateman, then State Super- 
 intendent of Public Instruction, he was ap- 
 pointed Principal of the first township high 
 school established in Illinois, which was organ- 
 ized at Princeton, Bureau County, where he 
 remained eleven years, making the school a 
 decided success. In 1878 he organized the town- 
 ship high school at Ottawa, remaining there 
 five years, and then in 1883 removed to Evans- 
 ton, III., to organize and take charge of the 
 township high school there, with which he has 
 been connected continuously ever since, cover- 
 ing a period of over twenty years. 
 
 During the thirty-nine years of his connection 
 with the public school system of Illinois, Prof. 
 Boltwood has occupied a prominent place among 
 the teachers of the State. He served for a time 
 as President of the Illinois State Teachers' 
 Association, has been a member of the State 
 Board of Education, and especially active in 
 securing important legislation affecting the 
 State school system. He has devoted much 
 attention to the English language and litera- 
 ture, and is the author of an English Grammar, 
 two Readers, a High School Speller, and a 
 "Topical Outline of General History." In reli- 
 gion he is a Congregationalist, and in politics 
 an Independent with a strong bent in favor of 
 tariff reform. June 17, 1903, Prof. Boltwood 
 completed fifty full years service as teacher, 
 and the Evanston Township Board of Educa- 
 tion honored him with a public reception 
 which was attended by nearly a thousand of 
 his former pupils and friends. The President 
 of the Board, in behalf of the citizens, pre- 
 sented him with a purse of $500. 
 
 until 1876, when he began working at the stock 
 yards. His first employers there were Horine 
 Brothers & Co., with whom he remained for 
 a year, when he entered the service of Martin 
 Brothers, continuing there over five years, when 
 he engaged with S. R. Noe & Co., for whom he 
 worked another year. In 1884 he obtained a 
 position with Simon O'Donnell & Co., and in 
 1899, after fifteen years of faithful service, was 
 admitted to partnership with the firm. In the 
 spring of 1903 he withdrew and went ihto gen- 
 eral insurance business at the Union Stock 
 Yards, where he has made a great success in 
 his new endeavor. Mr. Bond is of a genial 
 and social temperament, fond of company and 
 has many friends. He is an influential member 
 of several fraternal organizations, including the 
 Knights Templar, being a member of Engle- 
 wood Commandery, No. 59. 
 
 LESTER LE GRAND BOND. 
 Lester L.Bond, lawyer, (deceased), was born at 
 Ravenna, Ohio, October 27, 1829, and was edu- 
 cated in the common schools and an academy, 
 meanwhile laboring in local factories. Later 
 he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 
 1853, the following year coming to Chicago, 
 where he remained during the rest of his life, 
 giving his attention chiefly to practice in con- 
 nection with patent laws. Mr. Bond served 
 several terms in the Chicago City Council, was 
 Republican Presidential Elector in 1872, and 
 served two terms as Representative in the Gen- 
 eral Assembly (1866-70). He was a prominent 
 Mason and member of the Union League and 
 Illinois clubs. Mr. Bond's death occurred April 
 15, 1903, after a residence in the city of Chi- 
 cago of fifty years. 
 
 CHARLES A. BOND. 
 The life of Mr. Charles A. Bond is an inter- 
 esting one, if for nothing else because it illus- 
 trates the possibility of beginning at the bot- 
 tom of the ladder and resolutely climbing up- 
 ward, rung by rung. He is a Rhode Islander 
 by birth, having been born at Providence on 
 November 12, 1863. Since March, 1872, his 
 home has been in Chicago, where at present 
 he is prominently identified with the live-stock 
 interests which center in and around the Union 
 Stock Yards. After completing his course at 
 the Cottage Grove Avenue (public) School, he 
 worked at various places, as opportunity offered. 
 
 JOHN C. BONE. 
 The life story of John C. Bone, for many 
 years in business at the Union Stock Yards, 
 shows the high degree of success that may 
 be attained by industrious business habits 
 backed by resolute purpose. He first saw the 
 light on a farm near Nashville, Tenn., Septem- 
 ber 7, 1817, whence his parents removed to Illi- 
 nois in October, 1824, settling at Springfield. 
 His minority was spent on his father's farm, 
 until, at the age of twenty-one, he secured a 
 farm for himself adjacent to his father's on 
 Rock Creek, in Menard County. Here he 
 raised live slock, at the same time buying and 
 
S30 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 selling more or less extensively. In 1845 he 
 commenced shipping to Chicago, and in 1856- 
 57 he sought the markets of Albany, N. Y., 
 Boston and Brighton, not being able to dispose 
 of his cattle in Chicago. This business he car- 
 ried on until 1871, in that year taking up 
 his residence in this city. For two years he 
 sold cattle and hogs for Jesse Adams, and then 
 entered into the commission business on his 
 own account. In this he was very successful 
 until 1896, when failing health compelled his 
 retirement from active business. His death 
 occurred November 17, 1901. 
 
 Mr. Bone was married four times, his first 
 wife being Catherine S. Foster, the daughter 
 of a farmer near Springfield, 111. Their only 
 daughter died in infancy, and Mrs. Bone passed 
 away in 1841. Four years later, on April 1, 
 1845, he was united to Elizabeth J. Purvines, 
 near Pleasant Plains, Sangamon County. Their 
 only child, Almeda, is the widow of Robert 
 Harrison. The second Mrs. Bone died in 1852, 
 and in 1854 he married Lydia Ann Purvines, 
 also of Pleasant Plains, who bore him one 
 daughter, who is now Mrs. Mary Long, a widow. 
 Two years after her death, which occurred in 
 1862, he became the husband of Nancy F. Pur- 
 vines. The issue of this marriage has been 
 three sons and one daughter, one son — John — 
 being deceased. The children of the last mar- 
 riage still living are: Charles R. M., Carrie 
 Barrett and Orland Smith. 
 
 FRANCIS B. H. BONTER. 
 Francis B. H. Bonter, contractor, attorney and 
 searcher of taxes, was born in Belleville, On 
 tario, Canada, September 25, 1837, and edu- 
 cated in a district school and at Queen's Col- 
 lege, Kingston, Canada. After graduating from 
 Queen's College, in 1853, he became purser on 
 his father's steamboats between Trenton and 
 Kingston and Trenton and Montreal, for eleven 
 years. He then entered the law office of Hon. 
 John Ross and John Bell at Belleville, Canada, 
 and after remaining one year, was obliged to 
 leave on account of ill health. He next en- 
 tered the employ of the Grand Trunk Railroad 
 Company, first on the west end, in training for 
 a position as conductor, whence he was trans- 
 ferred to the east end, where, having been in- 
 jured, he resigned In 1857. He then studied 
 denflBtry for one year with his brother in 
 Goderlch, when he engaged In the soda-water 
 
 business for five years, coming to Chicago July 
 12, 1865. Here he worked for Fred H. Avers 
 as a carpenter, and later for A. J. Stapley, until 
 he entered into the employment of the Illinois 
 Central Railroad Company in 1886, where lie 
 remained one year. Then after spending some 
 time in the employment of A. J. Stapley he 
 was engaged in business as a contractor and 
 sidewalk builder for twenty years, when he 
 entered the business of examination and search- 
 ing of tax titles. 
 
 Mr. Bonter was married in Watertown, N. 
 Y. March 13, 1864, to Mrs. Lodica M. Hunter, 
 who passed away in 1881. On February 23, 
 1882, he married Mrs. Esther C. Hedstrom of 
 Chicago, and three children have blessed their 
 union. 
 
 NATHANIEL SHERMAN BOUTON. 
 
 It is an ecclesiastical aphorism that "the 
 blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church." 
 Be this as it may, it is certain that the blood 
 of the Huguenots, who fled from France after 
 the massacre of St. Bartholomew, has shown 
 its vital power in the earnest faith and vir- 
 tuous lives of their descendants, men and 
 women, in every land where the emigrants 
 found shelter, built homes and reared families. 
 It is from this illustrious stock that Mr. 
 Nathaniel S. Bouton claims descent on the 
 paternal side. He belongs to the seventh gen- 
 eration in direct line of descent from John 
 Bouton, a Huguenot, who emigrated from Eng- 
 land, and was the founder of the family in 
 this country. Mr. Bouton's father was a clergy- 
 man and Doctor of Divinity, receiving his de- 
 gree from Dartmouth College. He was a na- 
 tive of Norwalk, Conn., and a Yale graduate. 
 In his day he was one of the best known Con- 
 gregational divines in New England, and 
 served for many years as State Historian of 
 New Hampshire, being the author of many 
 essays showing profound research. For fifty- 
 two years he lived at Concord, N. H., and dur- 
 ing forty-three years filled one pastorate. His 
 wife, Harriet Sherman, was a granddaughter 
 of the renowned Roger Sherman. Dr. Bouton 
 died in 1878, and a posthumous autobiography, 
 edited by his son, John Bell Bouton, appeared 
 soon afterward. 
 
 Nathaniel S. Bouton was born in the parson- 
 age at Concord, N. H., May 14, 1828. At four- 
 teen years of age he left home and started in 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 831 
 
 life for himself. Going to Connecticut he 
 worked there on a farm for wages, attending 
 school in the winter; when sixteen years 
 old he taught school in Granby, Mass., and 
 later in New Hampshire. In the fall of 1846 
 he took a journey into the West, traveling 
 through Wisconsin and Northern Illinois on 
 foot, prospecting. Returning to New Hamp- 
 shire during the winter, he entered into the 
 employment of E. S. Fairbanks & Co., scale 
 manufacturers, of St. Johnsburg, Vt., as trav- 
 eling salesman, continuing in their employ more 
 than five years. This was in 1846-52, and it 
 was on horseback and by stage coaches that 
 the young traveler covered the territory as- 
 signed him, which included Pennsylvania, Vir- 
 ginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. 
 
 Having thus acquired a knowledge of the 
 future possibilities of Chicago and the enor- 
 mous resources of the territory naturally trib- 
 utary to it, in the fall of 1852 he came to this 
 city in the employ of George W. Sizer & Co., 
 iron-founders of Cleveland and Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 and here built up and managed a plant for them, 
 the following year being taken into partner- 
 ship of the concern. In 1855 he bought out 
 the interests of Sizer & Co., continuing the 
 business under the name of N. S. Bouton. At 
 the same time he entered into partnership with 
 Stone & Boomer, of the Union Car and Bridge 
 Works, the firm then becoming Stone, Boomer 
 & Bouton. In 1857 Stone, Boomer & Bouton sold 
 out their plant to the Illinois Central Railroad, 
 when Mr. Bouton proceeded to enlarge his foun- 
 dry business at the corner of Clark and Fif- 
 teenth streets, having added to it by purchase 
 the architectural department of the Fred Letz 
 Iron Foundry. 
 
 Mr. Bouton's business career has been one of 
 conspicuous and almost uninterrupted success. 
 His business associations have undergone many 
 changes, yet among them all the reputation of 
 his house for excellence of work and rigid 
 fidelity to contract has remained unexcelled. 
 The firms with which he has been connected 
 have erected most of the railroad bridges on 
 western railways, among them being the double 
 span at Rock Island, the first to cross the Mis- 
 sissippi. All descriptions of railway material, 
 and notably cars, have been among their out- 
 put. The concern of which he was the head 
 secured contracts for the architectural iron 
 work in the principal hostelries and business 
 
 blocks of the city, the custom houses at Chi- 
 cago and St. Louis, the State houses of Illinois 
 and Iowa, and a majority of the grain elevators 
 in this city. In 1881, under the inducement 
 of overtures from the Pullman Palace Car Com- 
 pany, the plant was removed to Pullman and 
 greatly enlarged, a new corporation, the Union 
 Foundry Company and Pullman Car Wheel 
 Works, being formed. The new works cov- 
 ered eleven acres and employed 600 men, the 
 monthly pay-roll being about $30,000 and the 
 annual output valued at $1,500,000. In 1886 
 Mr. Bouton disposed of his interests in this 
 concern, to establish the Bouton Foundry Com- 
 pany, in Chicago, his chief object in so doing 
 being to aid young men in his employ, while 
 contemplating his early retirement. During 
 his entire career, to extend a helping hand 
 to this class of his employes has been one of 
 his most cherished and constant aims. No 
 matter how great the magnitude or the pres- 
 sure of his most important business interests, 
 no one having a claim upon his attention 
 failed to find him easy of access, while his 
 kindly, sympathetic nature prompted him to 
 aid with friendly counsel and material help 
 as well. Today there exist not less than seven 
 concerns in the iron trade and allied lines in 
 this great manufacturing center, founded by 
 young men whom he trained and helped, while 
 scores of others owe their first start toward 
 success to his unostentatious and well directed 
 kindness. 
 
 In his political creed Mr. Bouton is a Repub- 
 lican, although, in municipal elections, he acts 
 independently of party ties. Besides giving 
 his attention to the foundry business in 1857, 
 he accepted from Mayor John Wentworth the 
 position of Superintendent of Public Works, 
 which he held during Mr. Wentworth's admin- 
 istration and that of his successor, John C. 
 Haines; and it was during his occupancy of 
 this office that the grades of the city streets 
 were established and the work of raising them 
 to grade and paving them was inaugurated. 
 About the same time, also, the "pivot bridge" 
 came into use in place of the old "jack-knife 
 bridge." In 1862 he was commissioned Quar- 
 termaster of the Eighty-eighth Illinois Infantry, 
 and served as a staff officer until after the 
 battle at Chickamauga, when he tendered his 
 resignation. 
 
 In religious and charitable work he is zealous 
 
832 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 and indefatigable. He was one of the twelve 
 charter members of the Chicago Relief and 
 Aid Society, and rendered indefatigable and 
 invaluable personal aid in the distribution of 
 the large sums sent to the aid of the sufferers 
 from the Chicago fire. For several years he 
 was President of the Young Men's Christian 
 Association, and also held the same office in 
 the Chicago Bible Society. Reared a Presby- 
 terian, he was for a time an elder in the 
 Olivet, and afterwards connected with the Sec- 
 ond Presbyterian Church. Some years ago he 
 took a prominent part in the organization of 
 the Kenwood Evangelical Church, a society 
 formed along wholly non-sectarian lines. In 
 private life, his tastes are domestic, and 
 although a member of both the Union League 
 and Kenwood Clubs, his favorite resort is his 
 fireside. It may also be said of him that, 
 apart from the pleasure which he finds in the 
 society of his family and immediate friends, 
 his chief happiness lies in the performance of 
 works of unostentatious charity and benevo- 
 lence. 
 
 Mr. Bouton has been married twice. His 
 first wife was Emily, a daughter of Dr. Bissell, 
 of Suffield, Conn., who died in 1857, a year 
 after their marriage. He subsequently mar- 
 ried Mrs. Ellen Shumway, daughter of Judge 
 Gould, of Essex, N. Y. 
 
 JOHN P. BOWLES. 
 John P. Bowles, President and General Man- 
 ager of the Bowles Live Stock Commission 
 Company, Chicago, Kansas City, St. Louis, St. 
 Joseph, South Omaha, Sioux City and St. Paul, 
 was born in Quincy, 111., May 26, 1859, the son 
 of John and Mary (Cass) Bowles. His father 
 came to this country from Ireland in 1826, and 
 located near Joliet, III., and as a young man 
 engaged in buying and shipping cattle to New 
 Orleans by boat, making his headquarters at 
 St. Louis before Chicago was a cattle market. 
 He became one of the gold-hunters of 
 1849. being one of the first to go overland to 
 California after the Mormon migration to 
 I'lah. Aftor spending three years in California, 
 trading principally with the Indians In cattle 
 and mules, he returned to Quincy in the spring 
 of 18.52. bringing with him $45,000 in gold, 
 when he turned his attention to farming, grow- 
 ing, feeding and Hhlpping stock to the Chicago 
 market. 
 
 John P. Bowles, the son, removed with his 
 parents to Edina, Mo., where he worked on a 
 farm, feeding and shipping cattle until he was 
 twenty years old, when he spent a year in the 
 Gem City Business College at Quincy. After 
 completing his course there, he came to Chi- 
 cago and, on July 7, 1881, engaged with Keenan 
 & Hancock at the Union Stock Yards at $40 
 per month, and from that beginning made 
 steady advancement until he received a salary 
 of $7,000 per year for selling cattle at the 
 yards. After remaining over eight years with 
 Keenan & Sons, he formed a partnership in 
 1889 under the firm name of Tomlinson, Bowles 
 & Co., which was continued until December 1, 
 1895. From that time until December, 1898, 
 he was a member, director and chief salesman 
 of the Strahorn-Hutton-Evans Commission 
 Company. Then retiring from this company 
 he organized the firm of J. P. Bowles & Co., 
 followed on August 1, 1899, by the Bowles 
 Live Stock Commission Company, having its 
 principal offices at Chicago, with branches at 
 Kansas City, the National Stock Yards at St. 
 Louis, St. Joseph, South Omaha, Sioux City, 
 and St. Paul. Of the latter company he is 
 President and General Manager. He has been 
 one of the most successful salesmen at the 
 Union Stock Yards, and has had but few brief 
 absences from his business since he came to 
 Chicago. The company occupies elegant offices 
 on the first fioor of the Exchange Building at 
 the Union Stock Yards. 
 
 Mr. Bowles was married in Quincy, 111., Oct. 
 18, 1893, to Miss Ella Bertha Hense, and three 
 children have blessed their union: Dolores 
 Joan, John Hense and Helen Edith. 
 
 CHARLES H. BRADLEY. 
 
 Charles H. Bradley, executive officer, was 
 born in Chicago, 111., April 28, 1850. For nine 
 years he was employed in the Sheriffs office, 
 (from 1866 to 1875), in the office of the Clerk of 
 the Superior Court under Capt. John J. Healy 
 for nine years as Assistant Chief Clerk, and 
 in 1884 was appointed Chief Deputy in the 
 office of Henry Best, Clerk of the Circuit Court, 
 making a continuous official service of thirty- 
 eight years. He thoroughly understands the 
 duties of the office in all their details and Is a 
 most efficient officer. 
 
 The Bradley family were pioneers in Chi- 
 cago and have been well known to our citizens 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 833 
 
 for more than fifty years. His father, Cyrus 
 P. Bradley, was in 1849 collector of taxes for 
 the town of South Chicago, in 1850 Chief of 
 the Fire Department, Sheriff 1854-56, and Chief 
 of Police for seven years. He conducted a 
 United States detective agency, and in this 
 line had no superior, assisting the Government 
 in various capacities during the Civil War. 
 His uncle, Timothy M. Bradley, was Chief Clerk 
 of the Sheriff's office for 25 years, and served 
 one term as Sheriff (1870-72). His uncle, 
 David M. Bradley, was for years business man- 
 ager, and right-hand man of "Long John Went- 
 worth," of the "Chicago Democrat," and another 
 uncle, Asa F. Bradley, was among the first 
 Chicago surveyors, having surveyed during the 
 'thirties what is now Lincoln Park for a cem- 
 etery. The Bradley family had much to do 
 with managing the affairs of the city of Chi- 
 cago fifty years ago. 
 
 JAMES B. BRADWELL. 
 James Bolesworth Bradwell, lawyer, ex-Judge 
 and editor, was born in Loughborough, Eng- 
 land, Api-il 16, 1828, and brought to America 
 in infancy by his parents, who first settled at 
 Utica, N. Y., and removed to Illinois in 1834. 
 He was educated at Knox College and taught 
 and studied law at Memphis, Tenn., where he 
 was admitted to the bar in 1852. The fol- 
 lowing year he began practice in Chicago, and 
 was County Judge from 1861 to 1869, making 
 a distinguished record as a probate jurist. In 
 1872 he was elected to the State Legislature 
 and re-elected in 1874, serving in the House 
 of Representatives two terms. In 1882 he was 
 again a candidate and, as many believed, hon- 
 estly elected, though his opponent received the 
 certificate. He made a contest for the seat 
 and the majority of the Committee on Elec- 
 tions reported in his favor, but he was defeated 
 through the treachery and suspected corrup- 
 tion of a professed political friend. He is the 
 author of the law making women eligible to 
 school offices in Illinois and allowing them to 
 become Notaries Public. His wife, Myra 
 (Colby) Bradwell, was the first woman to apply 
 for admission to the bar in the United States, 
 and the founder and editor of the "Chicago 
 Legal News," in which enterprise Judge Brad- 
 well was associated and which, since her death, 
 he has conducted in partnership with his 
 daughter, Mrs. Bessie Bradwell Helmer. 
 
 EZRA L. BRAINERD. 
 Ezra L. Brainerd, real estate operator, born 
 in Haddam, Conn., July 14, 1836, was educated 
 in the Brainerd Academy of his native place, 
 and later was graduated from the Law Depart- 
 ment of Yale College. He came to Chicago in 
 October, 1859, and was connected with Waite 
 & Towne in their law office until September, 
 1861, when he enlisted in the United States 
 Army, and after following recruiting for a 
 time was chosen Second Lieutenant of Com- 
 pany K, Fifty-first Illinois Infantry, afterwards 
 being advanced to Captain of Company D in 
 the same regiment. After completing the 
 organization of the company, he went to the 
 front, but was honorably discharged on account 
 of failing health on July 8, 1862. He then 
 returned to Chicago, and by doing outdoor 
 work regained his health. In 1866 he bought 
 the Kenwood property of P. L. Sherman and 
 other parties, which he afterwards sold, and 
 became interested in forty-five acres, and later 
 in seventy acres of property at Eighty-ninth 
 and Loomis Streets. The station on the Rock 
 Island Railroad at that place was named 
 "Brainerd" in his honor. He has built up a 
 town there that will honor the name, has given 
 to it a school site, furnished the pressed brick 
 for a school building, and has always been 
 ready to do anything that would advance the 
 interests of the place. Mr. Brainerd was mar- 
 ried, in Chicago, to Miss Hattie B. Morehouse, 
 in May, 1861, and they have four children: 
 Harry H., William L., Frederick H. and Wal- 
 lace H. 
 
 RICHARD BRAY. 
 Richard Bray (deceased), former hardware 
 merchant and manufacturer, Arlington Heights, 
 Cook County, 111., was born in St. Johns, Can- 
 ada, in 1861. He was a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church and a Republican in politics. 
 In February, 1894, he was married to Elizabeth 
 J. Allen, daughter of John Allen of Elk Grove, 
 and had two children: Allen Richard and John 
 Campbell. Mr. Allen, the father of Mrs. Bray, 
 was a native of Vermont, born in 1823, and 
 came with his parents to Cook County, 111., 
 in 1835, going to California in 1850. He there 
 spent three years, after which he returned to 
 his old home and resumed farming at Elk 
 Grove, where he had a farm of 270 acres. He 
 died August 10, 1889. At different times Mr. 
 
834 
 
 HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Allen held the offices of Supervisor, Assessor 
 and Road Commissioner. 
 
 SOLVA BRINTNALL. 
 
 Among the many successful business men 
 who have been identified with the building up 
 of the industrial and financial prosperity of 
 the city of Chicago, none have had a more 
 noteworthy or more honorable career than he 
 whose name stands at the head of this article. 
 It is seldom that any one has been dependent, 
 to so large an extent, upon his own unaided 
 resources, and the success which he achieved 
 was all the more conspicuous and worthy of 
 emulation on that account. 
 
 Solva Brintnall was born in Schoharie 
 County, N. Y., October 24, 1817, the son of 
 Solva and Betsy (Stannard) Brinthall, who 
 were early settlers in that region. On the 
 paternal side he was descended from English 
 ancestors who came to America in the seven- 
 teenth century. His grandfather, Isaac Brint- 
 nall, born August 31, 1752, died at Watertown, 
 N. Y., January 27, 1822; his maternal grand- 
 father, Abiah Stannard, born March 5, 1758, 
 died in Greene County, N. Y., July 13, 1836. 
 His parents were born in consecutive years — 
 his father December 1, 1773, and his mother, 
 December 5, 1774 — and, after a wedded union 
 of sixty-two years, both died within three 
 months of each other, the mother March 8, 
 1867, and the father June 1st of the same year. 
 On both sides his family gave abundant evi- 
 dence of their patriotism, his grandfathers 
 being prominently identified with the war for 
 American independence, while his father was 
 a soldier in the War of 1812. 
 
 Mr. Brintnall's early educational advantages 
 were only of that meager character common 
 to the time and locality in which he lived. 
 Naturally a close observer, he was enabled to 
 supplement' the single winter's schooling which 
 he received in boyhood by an amount of self- 
 training which, in the years of his later man- 
 hood, made him a well-informed citizen and 
 an educated business man. Up to his nine- 
 teenth year his life was spent chiefly in assist- 
 ing his father in opening up and cultivating a 
 farm In I.*wl8 County. N. Y., where the family 
 located when the youthful Solva was about 
 flvf> yoars of age. Thl.s being In the heavily 
 timberfd region of Northwestern New York, 
 gave abundant employment for his youthful 
 
 energies during the period of their most active 
 development, the effect of which was manifest 
 in later years in the physical and mental activ- 
 ity which he displayed in business life. In 
 this frontier region for a number of years 
 church and school privileges were almost 
 entirely wanting, though their absence did not 
 necessarily lower the moral standard of the 
 men and women who constituted the pioneers 
 of the Middle West. 
 
 At the age of nineteen years (1836) Mr. 
 Brintnall entered upon his first business ven- 
 ture as a railroad builder on the line of the 
 New York Central Railway, being employed in 
 the construction of the first five miles of that 
 road west of Schenectady. Two years later 
 he was engaged in a similar capacity on the 
 Erie Railroad, and still later on the Black 
 River and Erie Canals, being employed upon 
 the improvement of the latter in 1839-40. The 
 following year he resumed his work in con- 
 nection with railroad construction, and assisted 
 in building a road from Auburn to Canandaigua. 
 Then coming west, he became connected with 
 the construction of the Miami Canal and that 
 between Cincinnati and Fort Wayne, Indiana, 
 upon which he was engaged from 1843 to 1846. 
 During the latter year he entered upon a mer- 
 cantile career, engaging in the hardware busi- 
 ness at Batavia, N. Y., whence he subsequently 
 removed to Attica, and in 1854 to Suspension 
 Bridge, his residence in these places covering 
 a period of eighteen years. It was during his 
 residence at the latter place that the great 
 suspension bridge across the Niagara River, 
 from which the city takes its name, was in 
 course of construction. As a business man and 
 personal friend of the projector and superin- 
 tendent, Mr. Roebling, he was a keen observer 
 of the progress of this great work, and watched 
 its completion with deep interest. 
 
 Attracted by the business and other advan- 
 tages offered by the city of Chicago, Mr. Brint- 
 nall removed thither in 1863, establishing him- 
 self there in the hardware trade, to which he 
 had added the stove business. Three years 
 later (1866), having formed a partnership 
 with Messrs. Terry and Belden, they entered 
 upon a wholesale hardware trade under the 
 firm name of Brintnall, Terry & Belden. This 
 partnership was continued until 1876, when. 
 Mr. Lamb having purchased the interest of 
 Mr. Terry, tlio firm became Brintnall. Lamb & 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 835 
 
 Co. In 1883 the business was sold out to 
 Messrs. Keith, Benham & Dezendorf, and Mr. 
 Brintnall retired permanently from a business 
 with which he had been connected, in Chicago 
 and elsewhere, for a period of thirty-seven 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Brintnall's next business enterprise was 
 in connection with the Drovers' National Bank 
 at the Chicago Union Stock Yards, which he 
 founded immediately after his retirement from 
 the hardware trade in 1883, and of which he 
 became President, serving until January, 1900, 
 when he retired, being succeeded by his son, 
 William H. Brintnall. His management of this 
 enterprise was conspicuously successful from 
 the start, and has proved a most valuable aid 
 to the live-stock trade, not only as it is con- 
 nected with the city of Chicago, but to those 
 engaged in the trade throughout the North- 
 west. 
 
 In 1846 Mr. Brintnall was married to Miss 
 Hurd, the daughter of Thomas Hard, of Alex- 
 ander, N. y., and they had three children: 
 William H., who succeeded his father as Presi- 
 dent of the Drovers' National Bank in 1900, 
 and is still at the head of that institution; 
 George S., who resided at McPherson, Kan., 
 but died in 1883, and Mrs. M. F. Perry, now of 
 Seattle, Washington. Mrs. Brintnall died in 
 October, 1875, and in 1878 he married Leonice, 
 the daughter of the late O. F. Woodford, who 
 died in 1896. Mr. Brintnall's death occurred 
 June 8, 1902, In the eighty-fifth year of his 
 age, and was greatly deplored by all who knew 
 him personall}' and had learned to respect his 
 manly integrity and admire his well-rounded 
 life. 
 
 . Politically Mr. Brintnall was an earnest 
 Republican, zealously devoted to the principles 
 represented through forty years of national 
 history by Lincoln, Grant, McKinley and the 
 other great leaders of the party, of several of 
 whom he was the ardent personal friend. A 
 conscientious believer in the doctrines of the 
 Christian faith, he was for fifty years identi- 
 fied with the Presbyterian Church, during the 
 period of his residence in Chicago being a 
 member of the First Church of that denomi- 
 nation. He was also actively identified with 
 many works of a benevolent character, includ- 
 ing especially the Presbyterian Hospital and 
 the chapel for railway employes. 
 
 The "Chicago Daily Sun," published in a 
 
 locality which was the scene of his principal 
 business activities during the later years of 
 his life, contained the following announcement 
 of his death: "Mr. Brintnall's demise removes 
 an old and valued citizen from our midst, and 
 a man who had earned for himself, through 
 his upright character and sterling integrity, 
 the respect and friendship of the community." 
 
 This sketch cannot be concluded more appro- 
 priately than by the quotation of the following 
 contemporaneous tribute to his character and 
 memory from the columns of the "Chicago Rec- 
 ord-Herald" of June 9, 1902: "Successful in his 
 business and financial undertakings, Mr. Brint- 
 nall very early became a strong factor in social 
 and church work, and all his life was a most 
 charitable man, highly honored by all who 
 knew him and recognized his sterling honesty 
 and uprightness. He was a patriot, like his 
 long line of ancestors, and of tried loyalty to 
 the country when that virtue was most highly 
 prized." 
 
 ALBERT BROOKER. 
 
 Albert Brooker, Chief Engineer Sixty-ninth 
 and Peoria Street Sewage Pumping Station, 
 was born January 14, 1859, in Clayton, N. Y. ; 
 graduated from the public schools, and after 
 leaving school, went sailing on the lakes for 
 three years; was assistant engineer on a lake 
 steamer for three years, and for nine years was 
 chief engineer on different vessels. He came 
 to Chicago in June, 1886, and, in 1894, worked 
 for the Chicago Ship Building Company, being 
 engaged for one year installing engines on 
 steamers. In 1895 he began work as Assistant 
 City Engineer at the Seventy-third Street Sew- 
 age Pumping Station, remaining two years; 
 then entered into the employment of the Illi- 
 nois Steel Company at South Chicago, contin- 
 uing until January, 1901, when he was certified 
 by the Civil Service Commission and appointed 
 Chief Engineer at the Sixty-ninth Street Sew- 
 age Pumping Station. He was transferred to 
 the new Sewage Pumping Station at Pullman 
 (as Chief Engineer), June 1, 1901. Mr. Brooker 
 was married to Miss Emma Calder in Clayton, 
 N. Y., Dec. 23, 1885. 
 
 ZENOPHILE PIERRE BROSSEAU. 
 
 Zenophile P. Brosseau, commission merchant 
 and member of the Board of Trade, Chicago, 
 was born at La Prairie, in the Province of 
 Quebec, Canada, October 3, 1840, the son of 
 
836 
 
 HISTOEICAL EI^TCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 Louis and Marguerite (Ste. Marie) Brosseau, 
 being descended from French ancestors who 
 came to Quebec from Nantes, France, in 1672. 
 He was the fourth son of his father's family 
 and grew up on a farm which has been the 
 property of the Brosseau family since 1744. 
 La Prairie is one of the oldest towns in Canada, 
 and here Mr. Brosseau received his education 
 in the common and higher schools until he 
 had I'eached his seventeenth year, when he 
 removed to Malone, New York, where he found 
 employment as clerk in a general store. In 
 1860 he came to Woodstock, McHenry County, 
 111., whence he removed the following year to 
 Chicago. Here he became associated with 
 Joseph McDonald in the commission business, 
 in 1862, becoming a member of the Chicago 
 Board of Trade, a relation which he has 
 retained ever since, having served as a Director 
 of the Board, at the present time being one of 
 its oldest and most honored members. In com- 
 mon with the majority of the leading business 
 men of Chicago, Mr. Brosseau was a heavy 
 sufferer by the fire of 1871, losing both his 
 residence and his business office, but promptly 
 resumed business under the firm name of Bros- 
 seau & Company, by which the concern is still 
 known. The firm now occupies quarters at 
 No. 67 Board of Trade Building. 
 
 Mr. Brosseau's prominence in connection with 
 public affairs is indicated by the fact that he 
 is now serving his third term as a Director of 
 the Chicago Public Library, is also a member 
 of the Executive Committee of the Chicago Art 
 Institute, and a member and President of the 
 Alliance Francaise, and his office is the head- 
 quarters for French Canadians when visiting 
 Chicago. Among social organizations he main- 
 tains membership in the Chicago, the Iroquois, 
 Washington Park, Chicago Golf, and Glenview 
 Clubs. In politics he is a Democrat and was 
 the founder of the French Democratic Club of 
 Cook County. Although deeply interested in 
 public affairs, he is not a seeker for office. 
 
 The head of a large and interesting family, 
 .Mr. Brossfjau still finds time, aside from the 
 fares of business and public affairs, to devote 
 much attention to charitable and philanthropic 
 enterprises and matters of general interest to 
 the city. He occupies one of the most pleasant 
 and attractive homes on the North Side, located 
 at the corner of Lake Shore Drive and liarry 
 Avenue. 
 
 ALEXANDER D. BROWN. 
 Alexander D. Brown, Engineer, Engine 37 
 (Fire-Boat "Illinois"), Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Oswego, N. Y., December 
 22, 1861, was educated in the public schools, 
 and, after leaving school, was employed on one 
 of the boats in the harbor of Oswego as fire- 
 man. Coming to Chicago in 1879, he followed 
 the lakes until he joined the Chicago Fire 
 Department, April 1, 1887. He first worked 
 in the repair-shop until assigned to Engine 20, 
 later to Engine 10, then to Engine 32, and, as 
 candidate on Engine 15, in September, 1887, 
 was transferred to Engine 13; was promoted 
 as Engineer, December 6, 1892, and transferred 
 to Engine 65 and to Fire-Boat "Yosemite," 
 June 20, 1893, to Fire-Boat "Illinois" (Engine 
 37), January 14, 1899, where he still remains 
 ready for any duty. Mr. Brown has had many 
 hair-breadth escapes; was on the "Yosemite," 
 September 12, 1894, when the boat sank in the 
 lake, but was saved by clinging to the vessel 
 before she went down; was also at the North- 
 western Elevator fire, August 7, 1897, on the 
 "Yosemite," and escaped death by obeying the 
 order of Chief Musham to move out of the 
 way of the walls that fell soon after the order 
 was given. 
 
 ISAAC EDDY BROWN. 
 The future of every commonwealth, and 
 especially of every democracy, lies in the hands 
 of its young men, and a republic has no truer 
 patriots than the self-denying men who conse- 
 crate their talents, their energies and their 
 lives to the task of properly training and influ- 
 encing those who are destined to shape, if not 
 to control its destinies. No more effective agency 
 for the accomplishment of such an end exists 
 than the Young Men's Christian Association, 
 with its countless ramifications extending over 
 all Christendom, and even into the lands of the 
 Mussulman and the pagan. Isaac Eddy Brown 
 has been long an active leader in this move- 
 ment, and through his self-denying activity and 
 unflagging zeal, his name has become familiar 
 to workers in the cause from coast to coast. 
 He was born at Kiantone, N. Y., May 17, 1849. 
 On the paternal side, he is the great-grandson 
 of Daniel Brown, of Rensselaerville, N. Y., 
 who was the husband of Molly Stedman. His 
 I)atprnal grandfather, named Alva, was also 
 born in Rensselaerville, and married Eunice 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 837 
 
 Eddy, who was descended from Miles Standish, 
 and in two lines from John Alden and Priscilla. 
 His father, Russell McCary Brown, was born 
 at Milan, Cayuga County, N. Y., and his mother, 
 whose maiden name was Electa Louisa Sher- 
 man, was, like himself, a native of Kiantone. 
 She was a granddaughter of Noah Sherman, 
 who, with his father, John, served in the Revo- 
 lutionary War; her father also bearing the 
 name of Noah, and her mother, before marriage, 
 being Nancy Ward. His mother was descended 
 from the Hoars of Brimfield, Mass. 
 
 The gentleman whose useful life forms the 
 subject of this sketch, began teaching at the 
 age of eighteen and in 1874 graduated from the 
 Illinois State Normal University, with the high- 
 est honors of his class. During the next six 
 years he ably filled the chair of Principal of the 
 Decatur High School. On April 16, 1880, he 
 began what has really been his life work, by 
 accepting the Secretaryship of the Young Men's 
 Christian Association for the State of Illinois, 
 a post of honor and duty which he yet fills 
 (1904). 
 
 Feeling the need of a better scholastic equip- 
 ment, Mr. Brown entered Knox College, graduat- 
 ing therefrom in 1892, receiving the degree of 
 A. M., in course, in 1896. In 1890 he took a 
 prominent part in founding the Y. M. C. A. 
 Training School in Chicago, and during that 
 year was chosen President of the Secretarial 
 Institute, which he assisted in founding in 1884. 
 These two departments of association work 
 have since been consolidated under the name 
 of "The Institute and Training School of the 
 Young Men's Christian Association," with Mr. 
 Brown as President until 1903. 
 
 Mr. Brown has been twice married. His first 
 wife, Miss Emma V. Stewart, to whom he was 
 united at Plum Grove, Kansas, on August 9, 
 1878, died August 1, 1880; and on December 28, 
 1881, he was married to Miss Mary Johnson of 
 Greenfield, Wis. They have two daughters liv- 
 ing — Alfce and Florence. Mr. Brown is a dea- 
 con in the Congregational Church and in pol- 
 itics is an Independent. 
 
 NATHANIEL J. BROWN. 
 Nathaniel J. Brown (deceased), formerly of 
 Lemont, 111., was born at Windsor, Vt., January 
 27, 1812, and from three to fourteen years of 
 age grew up at Rochester and in the vicinity 
 of Lockport, N. Y. In 1826 his parents removed 
 
 to Ann Arbor, Mich., where an older brother 
 (Anson) became the founder of the lower town 
 of that name. This brother served as post- 
 master of Ann Arbor by appointment of Presi- 
 dent Jackson, and also ran a stage-line west- 
 ward, with which the subject of this sketch was 
 connected as agent. Information regarding the 
 country thus acquired resulted in his becoming 
 interested in a number of town sites which 
 brought him a handsome profit. Having ac- 
 quired the title to a large body of land in Kent 
 County, he built a mill on Grand River, and in 
 1835 began shipping lumber to Chicago, using 
 the schooner "White Pigeon," which he had 
 chartered at Detroit for that purpose. The en- 
 terprise proved so successful that it enabled 
 him to pay for the land and expenses incident 
 to the erection and operation of the mill from 
 the proceeds of the first year's business. 
 
 While in Chicago he formed a partnership 
 with Augustus Garrett, whose name is associa- 
 ted with the Garrett Biblical Institute at Evans- 
 ton. The firm laid out the original town of 
 Ionia, Mich., on a tract of land owned by Mr. 
 Brown, at the head of steamboat navigation on 
 Grand River, netting large profits which were 
 invested in Chicago town lots and lands in the 
 vicinity. Later they engaged in an extensive 
 auction business in a builaing on Dearborn 
 Street opposite the present site of the old Tre- 
 mont House, dealing not only in general mer- 
 chandise but in town-lots, both in Chicago and 
 in newly located towns of Wisconsin and North- 
 ern Illinois. By a characteristic stroke of enter- 
 prise, Mr. Brown, having acquired advance in- 
 formation of the location of the capital of Wis- 
 consin in 1836, secured the entry of fifty-six 80- 
 acre tracts of land at Madison and vicinity in 
 the name of himself and friends, out of which 
 they realized large profits For a time Garrett & 
 Brown exerted a strong influence in the finan 
 cial affairs of Chicago. Mr. Brown was also as 
 sociated in banking operations with Lyman A 
 Spaulding, a prominent capitalist of Lockport 
 N. Y., establishing a bank at Ann Arbor, Mich, 
 with Brown Brothers, of New York, as their 
 financial agents. 
 
 The firm of Garrett & Brown having been dis- 
 solved with the collapse of land speculation 
 about Chicago in 1837, Mr. Brown was induced, 
 at the solicitation of Gen. William F. Thorn- 
 ton, then President of the Board of Canal Com- 
 missioners, to undertake the completion of two 
 
838 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 sections of the Illinois & Michigan Canal of one- 
 half mile each in the deep rock-cut at the pres- 
 ent village of Lemont — taking the place of a 
 contractor who had got into difficulty with his 
 employers. Although a heavy loser by this 
 transaction in consequence of the failure of the 
 State credit — some of his claims against the 
 State remaining unpaid to the present day — he 
 profited indirectly by the knowledge thus ac- 
 quired of the immense resources of the Lemont 
 limestone deposits for furnishing valuable build- 
 ing stone. Having acquired a large body of 
 what was known as "stone land," after recover- 
 ing from his financial reverses he set about its 
 development, and the present status of the Le- 
 mont quarries is largely due to his sagacity and 
 enterprise. Known locally as "Gov." Brown, he 
 spent the evening of his days in the midst of 
 scenes made familiar by his early business 
 enterprises, in the enjoyment of a handsome 
 royalty from his properties, and the deserved 
 respect of his neighbors. His care for the wel- 
 fare of his employes was shown in his promo- 
 tion of temperance by encouraging the organ- 
 ization among them of "Father Matthew Tem- 
 perance Societies" and otherwise. The beneficent 
 results of this policy are shown in the state- 
 ment that, "during the five years of his canal 
 work, not a saloon was to be found on the sec- 
 tion of which he had control," drunken carous- 
 als and riotous assemblies were unknown, and 
 his employes "were recognized as the most 
 orderly and well behaved set of men on the 
 line of the canal." Besides this, it is claimed 
 "that not a man in his employ was injured 
 at his work, nor were there any accidents of 
 consequence." Originally a Democrat, with the 
 firing of Fort Sumter, he became a supporter of 
 Mr. Lincoln, and during the rest of his life co- 
 operated with the Republican party. Mr. Brown 
 died August 2, 1900, aped 88 years and six 
 months. 
 
 WILLIAM C. BROWN. 
 William C. Brown, live-stock commission mer- 
 chant and farmer, was born near White Sulphur 
 Springs, W. Va.. .January 31, 1834. After leav- 
 ing school he removed to Perry, Mo., in 1853, 
 and worked on a farm. He came to Chicago in 
 18.56, but returned to Missouri in 1858, and, 
 locating on a farm, engaged In raising live- 
 Biork. eHperlaily mules, horses and cattle, for 
 market. In 1874 he returned to Chicago and 
 
 organized the firm of Brown, Price & Company 
 at the Union Stock Yards, which firm did a suc- 
 cessful business for ten years, when, Mr. Price 
 having retired, Mr. Brown entered into part- 
 nership with his brother, Edwin E. Brown, 
 under the firm name of Brown Brothers, which 
 continued until Edwin E. was murdered March 
 2, 1893, in St. Louis. The firm is now known 
 as Brown Brothers & Company, consisting of 
 William C. and his son Edward Lee Brown. 
 William Brown is a charter member of Normal 
 Park Lodge, organized about 1892, and is one of 
 the oldest Masons in Chicago, having been a 
 member of the Masonic fraternity for more than 
 forty years. He was married to Miss Martha 
 D. Muldrow, at Perry, Mo., November 15, 1859, 
 and six children have been born to them, four 
 of whom are now living. Mr. Brown has been 
 a successful business man and has done his 
 part well in building up the Union Stock Yards 
 and Chicago. 
 
 EDWIN ERWIN BROWN, brother of William 
 C. Brown, was born at White Sulphur Springs, 
 W. Va., February 6, 1846, formed a partnership 
 with his brother in 1884, and in June, 1892, 
 started the live-stock business in St. Louis, 
 under the name of Brown Brothers & Company. 
 He was killed on the streets of St. Louis March 
 2, 1893, by three footpads. The murderers were 
 sent to the penitentiary after being sentenced 
 to be hanged, but were pardoned later by Gov- 
 ernor Stevenson. 
 
 JOHN R. BRUNNICK. 
 John R. Brunnick, Chief Engineer Seventy- 
 third Street Pumping Station, was born in 
 Janesville, Wis., April 19, 1854, was educated 
 in the public schools, and, after leaving school, 
 went on the lakes in 1869, and in the fall of the 
 same year went to New Orleans, where he 
 shipped as a boy before-the-mast on board a 
 bark from Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, bound for 
 Amsterdam, Holland, loaded with cotton. He 
 followed the sea for twelve years, including a 
 period of three years, during which he was chief 
 boatkeeper of pilot boats at the mouth of the 
 Mississippi; then spent two seasons on the 
 lakes, when in 1883 he commenced work for the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company as 
 fireman, remaining one year. He then served 
 as conductor on the Wabash Railroad until 
 1886, when, on April 15, 1886, he was appointed 
 by Supervisor Thomas Hahan engineer for the 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 839 
 
 Town of Lake water-works, serving one year. 
 His next employment was as engineer on thie 
 Santa Fe Railroad, remaining from December 
 26, 1887, to 1894, when he resigned and on July 
 25, 1895, was appointed Chief Engineer of the 
 Canal Pumping Station, under Mayor Hopkins, 
 serving until his term expired in 1895. He then 
 spent one year in Nashville, Tenn., as Superin- 
 tendent of the Chicago Fiber Company, but, 
 returning home on account of the closing down 
 of the factory, in 1897 was appointed by Mayor 
 Harrison Assistant Engineer of the Sixty- 
 eighth Street Pumping Station, remaining four 
 months, after which he entered the employ of 
 J. B. Clow & Sons as Chief Engineer, remain- 
 ing in that position until January 7, 1901, when 
 he resigned to take charge, as Chief Engineer, 
 of the Seventy-third Street Sewage Pumping 
 Station, having passed examination under the 
 Civil Service rules December 8, 1897, taking 
 rank in fourth grade. Mr. Brunnick is married. 
 
 EDWARD J. BUCKLEY. 
 Edward J. Buckley, Captain Engine No. 32, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago 
 December 2, 1867, and educated at the Franklin 
 and other Chicago schools. After leaving school 
 he worked at different trades and later served 
 as turnkey in the County Jail for about three 
 years, from 1884 to 1887. On April 22, 1888, 
 he joined the Fire Department as pipeman on 
 Engine 14, was promoted to Lieutenant in 
 November, 1891, and transferred to Engine No. 
 67, later being transferred to Engine No. 12, 
 and then to Engine No. 17. July 2, 1896, he 
 was promoted to Captain and assigned to En- 
 gine No. 28. His next transfer was to Fireboat 
 "Yosemite," then No. 37, later being successively 
 transferred to Engine 21, and to Engine 32, 
 where he was always to be found on hand, like 
 all the Chicago born firemen, ever ready for any 
 emergency either for prompt service or danger 
 where duty calls. 
 
 BENJAMIN B. BULLWINKLE. 
 Benjamin B. Bull winkle (deceased), long 
 known as the organizer and efficient head of 
 the Chicago Insurance Patrol, was born in 
 New York City March 18, 1847, the eldest of a 
 family of two sons and one daughter of Charles 
 T. and Eliza (Laughlin) Bullwinkle. His 
 mother having died when he was about seven 
 years of age, the family soon after removed to 
 
 Chicago, where the father opened a butcher 
 shop at the corner of Madison and Sangamon 
 Streets, and where he died in 1864, leaving his 
 three children to face the problems of life 
 alone. Benjamin, then a youth of seventeen 
 years, who had spent his early years in aiding 
 his father while acquiring a common-school 
 education, still later working in a grocery, was 
 thus called upon to assume the responsibility 
 of caring for his younger brother and sister, 
 and early displayed those qualities of industry 
 and self-reliance which were conspicuous in 
 his latter life. Obtaining a position as errand 
 boy, he managed to support the younger mem- 
 bers of the family until they were able to assist 
 in swelling the common income. Among his 
 early employers were the late Rufus Blanchard, 
 the well-known map publisher, and the American 
 and the Merchants' Union Express Companies, 
 where he learned the value of system and ac- 
 curacy. His connection with the Chicago Fire 
 Department began in 1868, when he became 
 driver for R. A. Williams, at that time at the 
 head of the Department. Here he remained 
 until 1871, when at twenty-four years of age 
 he was chosen by the fire underwriters to organ- 
 ize the Insurance Patrol. This branch of the 
 service had had its origin in New York as 
 early as 1837, undergoing many changes in after 
 years with a view to securing increased effi- 
 ciency, and finally being adopted in other cities 
 as necessity required. A committee of the Chi- 
 cago Board of Underwriters, consisting of A. 
 C. Ducat, Charles W. Drew and Thomas Buckley, 
 who had been appointed to organize a patrol 
 on the New York plan, selected Mr. Bullwinkle 
 to visit the East and investigate its operation. 
 On his recommendation a force of eight men, 
 with a two-horse wagon, was employed, of 
 which he v^as appointed to take charge as Cap- 
 tain on October 2, 1871, just one week before 
 the great fire of that year. 
 
 The service rendered by the newly organized 
 force in the efforts to assist in checking the 
 fire was conspicuous if not successful. The 
 company occupied headquarters at various 
 points until February 16. 1878, when the pres- 
 ent headquarters were established at 178 Mon- 
 roe Street. In 1875 a second company was 
 organized, and Mr. Bullwinkle was appointed 
 Superintendent, a position which he continued 
 to fill until October 12, 1885, when he tendered 
 his resignation. Among the tributes to his 
 
840 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 efficiency was the presentation by the members 
 of the force on December 23, 1875, of a gold 
 badge valued at $150, and, in February follow- 
 ing, by the Board of Underwriters, of a gold 
 watch, chain and badge of the value of $525. 
 After his resignation, which was on account of 
 failing health, he accepted the position of gen- 
 eral manager of the Arizona Cattle Company, 
 with headquarters at Flagstaff, Ariz., the com- 
 pany having control of 100,000 acres of land, 
 upon which 10,000 head of cattle were herded. 
 Mr. Bullwinkle's death occurred May 9. 1887, 
 in consequence of injuries received by a fall of 
 his horse. The event was taken note of in a 
 series of resolutions adopted by the Chicago 
 Underwriters' Association May 14th, following. 
 Mr. BuUwinkle was a member of the Third 
 Presbyterian Church of the city of Chicago, and 
 belonged to several fraternal organizations, in- 
 cluding the Landmark Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; 
 Fairview Chapter, R. A. M. ; Apollo Command- 
 ery, K. T. ; and the Royal Arcanum. November 
 7, 1873, he was married in the city of Chicago 
 to Miss Angelina J. Moody, who, with one son, 
 Benjamin C, still survives him. 
 
 HIRAM S. BUNKER. 
 The life of this prosperous Chicago live-stock 
 merchant affords an admirable illustration of 
 what may be accomplished by the man who joins 
 sound judgment to industry and unflagging 
 energy to high moral sense. His career has 
 been a somewhat varied one, but involves a 
 continued story of hard work crowned by suc- 
 cess. He was born on a farm in De Ruyter, 
 Madison County, N. Y., on April 19. 1834. He 
 attended the district schools of that early period 
 until he reached the age of ten years, when 
 the family removed to East Troy, Walworth 
 County, Wis. The journey was made in two 
 wasons. which were carried by boat from Buf- 
 falo to Detroit. Upon reaching his destination 
 his father preempted a tract of land, but when 
 young Hiram was seventeen years old the fam- 
 ily removed to East Troy village, where the 
 elder Bunker engaged in the grocery business 
 for two years. Aljout this time the young man 
 returned to the place of his birth where, for 
 a year, he pursued his studies at (he De Ruyter 
 Institute. His first enlry Into business was 
 made as a clerk In a dry-goods store, where he 
 rfmalnod for another year. Returning to Wis- 
 consin, hf settled at Elkhorn, In that Slate, 
 
 where he conducted a dry-goods store for four 
 years, after which he was extensively engaged 
 in the purchase and shipping of live-stock to 
 Milwaukee. At times he personally drove his 
 herds the entire distance, forty-five miles, this 
 being at a period ante-dating railroads. To 
 these two branches of business he later added 
 dealing in lumber and grain. 
 
 Mr. Bunker made his advent at the Union 
 Stock Yards in 1871, although he had previously 
 shipped sheep and hogs to the Fort Wayne 
 Yards. It should also be stated that, during 
 the Civil War he was an extensive purchaser of 
 horses for the Government, buying more than 
 one thousand, which he shipped from Elkhorn 
 and the West to Chicago, for branding and 
 transmission to the troops. On coming to 
 Chicago, however, he did not dissolve his 
 connection with the firm of Graham & 
 Bunker, which was founded in 1869 for the 
 shipping of stock and was continued in ex- 
 istence until 1871. Mr. Bunker then started 
 in business at Chicago under the name of H. S. 
 Bunker, and continued until 1876, when the 
 firm of Bunker & Cochran was formed to carry 
 on business at the Union Stock Yards. This 
 copartnership, without change of name, was 
 continued until December 1, 1901. Then the 
 firm was changed to H. S. Bunker & Company. 
 
 Mr. Bunker joined the Masonic fraternity 
 early in life and was for many years affiliated 
 with the lodge of A. F. & A. M. at Elkhorn, 
 whence he was demitted to a Chicago lodge. 
 On March 2, 1859, at Elkhorn, Wis., he was 
 married to Miss Anna Mary Findley. Of their 
 two children only one survives. 
 
 HERBERT E. BURGESS. 
 Herbert E. Bergess, Assistant Engineer Cen- 
 tral Park Avenue Pumping Station, Chicago, 
 was born in Cambridgeshire, England, August 
 31, 1870, and in 1877 came with his parents to 
 America, finally locating at Altamont, Kan. 
 Here he attended the country schools in the 
 winter, working on the farm during the sum- 
 mer months until 1883, when he came to Chi- 
 cago and commenced work In an office building 
 on Fifth Avenue as fireman at $6 per week, 
 remaining there two years. He next worked as 
 assistant chief engineer at Armour & Company's 
 packing-house, remaining in this position two 
 years, when he made a tour of the South, 
 erecting sugar machinery on plantations there. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 841 
 
 Then, returning to Chicago, in 1896 he passed 
 the civil service examination and entered the 
 employ of the city of Chicago as Assistant 
 Engineer at the Seventieth Street Sewage Pump- 
 ing Station, staying there one year, after which, 
 having passed the fifth grade civil service ex- 
 amination, he was appointed Assistant Engineer 
 at the Sixty-Eighth Street Pumping Station, re- 
 maining until January 10, 1901, when he was 
 transferred to the Central Park Avenue Pump- 
 ing Station as Assistant Engineer, which position, 
 at date of writing this sketch he still retains 
 ready for any duty he may be called upon to 
 perform. 
 
 JOHN W. BURKITT. 
 John W. Burkitt, jeweler, fruit-grower and 
 gardener, Arlington Heights, 111., was born at 
 Arlington Heights August 8, 1854, the son of 
 Richard and Mary, A. (Pigott) Burkitt, who 
 were natives of England and settled in Wheel- 
 ing Township, Cook County, in 1846. The elder 
 Burkitt died in 1864. The son was educated in 
 his native village, and early acquired a fond- 
 ness for horticulture, in which his father had 
 been interested in England. Of late years he 
 has proved himself a successful grower of cher- 
 ries of a superior quality, which are shipped to 
 dealers in distant cities and find a ready sale 
 at high prices. His experiments in this branch 
 of horticulture have been watched with deep 
 interest, and have already won for him the 
 title of the "Cherry King of Illinois." On Jan- 
 uary 7, 1882, Mr. Burkitt was married to Lydia 
 Alma Pratt, of Palatine, 111., who died March 1, 
 1898, at the age of thirty-four years. He has 
 four children living: Ralph Edward, Granado 
 Ross, Hazel Alma and John W., Jr. The son, 
 Granado, within the last year, has taken charge 
 of the fruit-garden part of his father's business. 
 In addition to his other branches of business, 
 Mr. Burkitt is a Director of the local bank at 
 Arlington Heights, 111., and also a stockholder, 
 Director and "Vice-President of the Sierra Gold 
 Mining Company of Tuolumne County, Cal. 
 
 DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM. 
 Daniel H. Burnham, Chief of Architecture and 
 Construction of the World's Columbian Exposi- 
 tion of 1893, is a native of Henderson, Jefferson 
 County, N. Y., where he was born September 
 4, 1846, the son of Edwin and Elizabeth Burn- 
 ham. His parents were natives of Vermont, 
 and were married in New York about 1841. His 
 
 great-grandfather was an officer in the Revolu- 
 tionary Army, while his mother's ancestors, 
 on both sides, were, for many generations, 
 clergymen. She was a granddaughter of the 
 celebrated Samuel Hopkins, of Revolutionary 
 times, and a cousin of the late Mark Hopkins 
 of California. Edwin Burnham, the father, re- 
 moved to Chicago with his family in 1855, where 
 he was a wholesale merchant until his decease 
 in 1874, a part of the time being President of 
 the old Merchants' Exchange. 
 
 Young Burnham was a pupil in Professor 
 Snow's private school, located on the present 
 site of the Fair Department Store, on Adams 
 Street, and afterwards attended the old Jones 
 school and the Chicago High School. Later 
 he spent two years under private instruction 
 at Waltham, Mass., and one year with Professor 
 T. B. Hay ward (previously of Harvard Uni- 
 versity), at Bridgewater, Mass., as his sole 
 pupil. Returning to Chicago in the fall of 
 1867, he spent the following year and a half 
 in the office of Messrs. Loring and Jenney, archi- 
 tects; then went to Nevada and, for one year, 
 was engaged in mining, after which he re- 
 turned to Chicago and entered the office of Mr. 
 L. G. Laurean, architect, where he remained one 
 and one-half years. Immediately after the great 
 fire of October 8th and 9th, 1871, he entered 
 the office of Messrs. Carter, Drake & White, 
 where he made the acquaintance of Mr. John 
 W. Root, with whom, in the spring of 1873, he 
 formed a co-partnership which lasted until Mr. 
 Root's demise in January, 1891. 
 
 Among the buildings planned and constructed 
 by Mr. Burnham may be mentioned the National 
 Bank of Illinois building, the Chemical Bank 
 building, Montauk block — ten stories high and 
 the first tall fire-proof building erected in Chi- 
 cago; the Rialto, the Rookery, the Insurance 
 Exchange, Phoenix, the Counselman building, 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy general offices, 
 the Rand and McNally building, Calumet and 
 Calumet Club buildings. He also designed the 
 Woman's Temple, twelve stories, high; the Ma- 
 sonic Temple, twenty stories; the Great North- 
 ern Hotel and Monadnock buildings, sixteen 
 stories; the Herald building on Washington 
 street; St. Gabriel's Catholic Church; Church 
 of the Covenant (Presbyterian) ; the Merchants' 
 National and the Marshall Field retail build- 
 ings; the new Methodist and Presbyterian 
 Churches at Evanston, etc. He finished in Cleve- 
 
842 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 land, Ohio, the Society for Savings building; the 
 Western Reserve and the Evangelical buildings. 
 At Kansas City he built the Midland Hotel, 
 Board of Trade and American Bank buildings; 
 at Topeka, Kan., the Atchison, Topeka & Santa 
 Fe general office building; the Phoenix Hotel 
 at Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M.; the Chronicle 
 building and Mills building in San Francisco, 
 the latter one of the finest office buildings in 
 America: also a large office building at Atlanta 
 Ga. ; one in Philadelphia twenty-six stories, and 
 another twenty-two stories; one in New York 
 twenty-one stories; one in Baltimore fourteen 
 stories; three in Cincinnati; the Union Depots 
 at Washington and Pittsburgh; an entire block, 
 the Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y., and many 
 other buildings. Mr. Burnham originated the 
 Western Association of Architects and was its 
 first President. He is also a member of many 
 clubs in this and other cities. In October of 
 1890 he was appointed by the Directory of the 
 World's Columbian Exposition Chief of Con- 
 struction and Supervising Architect. He made 
 all drawings and contracts, and supervised the 
 artistic and working construction and disburse- 
 ments for the buildings. 
 
 Mr. Burnham has been President of the West- 
 ern and American Institute of Architects, was 
 chairman of the National Commission estab- 
 lished by the United States Senate for beauti- 
 fying the National Capitol, and has recently 
 been entrusted with the designing of some im- 
 portant plans in this connection. He has been 
 honored by Harvard and Yale Universities with 
 the degree of Doctor of Science. He was mar- 
 ried in 1876 to Margaret Siebring Sherman, 
 daughter of John B. Sherman, and five children 
 have been born to them: Ethel, the wife of 
 Albert B. Wells of Southbridge, Mass.; John; 
 Hubert, a cadet in the United States Navy; 
 Margaret and Daniel. 
 
 WILLIAM J. BURNS. 
 William J. Burns, Chief Engineer, North 
 Side Pumping Station, Chicago, was born in 
 Buffalo, N. Y., November 2, 1857, and attended 
 the Christian Brothers' School. After leaving 
 Hfhool he served his time as machinist at Sut- 
 ton Brothers' Machine Works in Buffalo, re- 
 maining there four years. He was later on the 
 lakcB ae chief engineer of lake steamers. The 
 last steamer on which he was employed was 
 the "H. L. Worthlngton," on which he remained 
 
 until 1892. June 10, 1893, he was appointed 
 Assistant Engineer at the North Side Pumping 
 Station. He took the civil service examination 
 and, on January 10, 1901, was appointed Chief 
 Engineer of the Springfield Avenue Pumping 
 Station. Mr. Burns has earned his promotion 
 by the faithful discharge of his many important 
 duties. He was married to Miss Annie Gib- 
 bons, in Chicago, January 5, 1887, and they 
 have four children. 
 
 WILLIAM BUSSE. 
 William Busse, County Commissioner of Cook 
 County, was born of German parents in Elk 
 Grove Township, Cook County, 111., January 
 27, 1864. His parents were Louis and Chris- 
 tiana (Kirchoff) Busse, and his father and both 
 his grandparents (Frederick and Frederika 
 Busse) were natives of Hanover, Germany. Mr. 
 Busse was educated in local public and private 
 schools, attending school in the winter and 
 helping his father on the farm in summer. 
 From 1880 to 1885 he assisted his father in the 
 butter and cheese manufacture and conducting 
 a general mercantile business. Arriving at the 
 age of twenty-one he began farming on his own 
 account, in which he has been quite successful. 
 For ten years he has served as Deputy Sheriff 
 of Cook County, having been appointed in 1890 
 by Sheriff Gilbert, and has established a high 
 reputation for personal and official integrity. 
 He has always been a stanch Republican, and 
 in 1900 was nominated as a Republican candi- 
 date for County Commissioner and elected in 
 November following by a decided plurality, and 
 re-elected in 1902. Mr. Busse's first wife hav- 
 ing died February 20, 1894, he was married a 
 second time in August, 1894, to Dina Busse, 
 in Elk Grove Township, by whom he has had 
 two children: Helen, born March 6, 1896. and 
 Oscar, born February 6, 1898, and died in 
 August, 1898. In addition to his other official 
 positions, Mr. Busse has been of late years 
 one of the Directors of the new school at Mount 
 Prospect, his present place of residence. 
 
 EDWARD B. BUTLER. 
 Edward B. Butler, merchant, Chicago, was 
 born in Lewiston, Maine, December 16, 1853. 
 When he was six years old his family removed 
 to Boston, Mass., where he received his educa- 
 tion in the grammar and high schools of that 
 city, between school hours assisting his father in 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 843 
 
 a retail grocery store. At the age of sixteen he 
 left the usual positions of bundle-boy, packer, 
 entry clerk and shipper, and at eighteen years 
 of age became a commercial traveler. For five 
 years he sold merchandise in New England, 
 Canada, and throughout the Western States. 
 In 1877 he returned to Boston and with his 
 brother, George H., engaged in business under 
 the firm name of Butler Brothers, their brother, 
 Charles H., joining them a year later. The com- 
 ing together of these three brothers meant suc- 
 cess; for, by their joint efforts, their business 
 as wholesalers of notions and small wares in- 
 creased rapidly. In 1878 they made a decided 
 and radical change in merchandising methods 
 by inaugurating a five-cent counter plan. This 
 at first seemed only a bright idea, but proved 
 to be the foundation of the wonderfully suc- 
 cessful department stores now in every city 
 throughout the country. The entire soliciting 
 has been done by a comprehensive catalogue, 
 widely known as "Our Drummer." 
 
 Mr. Butler is President of the corporation 
 still retaining the name of Butler Brothers, 
 which he, with his brothers (now deceased), 
 founded. Their three houses — one in Chicago, 
 one in St. Louis, and the other in New York — 
 employ more than three thousand men and do a 
 yearly business of more than eighteen million 
 dollars. Mr. Butler takes a special interest in 
 all matters pertaining to moral progress, and 
 contributes liberally of his means to the support 
 of every worthy cause. He was chairman of the 
 Ways and Means Committee of the World's Col- 
 umbian Exposition of 1893, while at the same 
 time Chairman of the Bureau of Admissions 
 and Collections. Later, he was, for two years, 
 the active head of the Civic Federation of Chi- 
 cago. He is now President of the Illinois Man- 
 ual Training School Farm for Boys, at Glen- 
 wood, besides being a Director of the Chicago 
 Orphan Asylum, the Chicago Bureau of Char- 
 ities, the Erring Woman's Refuge, and a num- 
 ber of other charitable organizations. He is also 
 a Trustee of the Rockford College, the Chicago 
 Athenaeum, and the Hull House Social Settle- 
 ment, and a Director in the Corn Exchange 
 National Bank, Chicago. Besides being affili- 
 ated with the leading social clubs of the city, 
 Mr. Butler is a member of the Commercial and 
 Merchants' Clubs. He was married to Miss 
 Jane Holley of Norwalk, Conn. 
 
 FRANK H. BUTTERFIELD. 
 Frank H. Butterfield, "Pioneer Fireman" and 
 Captain Engine No. 88, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Chicago, January 26, 1849, 
 and was educated in the Scammon and New- 
 berry public schools. After leaving school at 
 fourteen years of age he enlisted, and wanted 
 to go as bugler for the United States Army, but 
 was refused on account of his being "too short" 
 for the service. Later he went to Boston, Mass., 
 and there learned his trade at the William 
 Mason Locomotive Works, remaining there three 
 years, when be returned to Chicago, and worked 
 for his uncle, D. N. Chappel — known as "Pop 
 Chappel" (who was also Captain of Enterprise 
 Engine No. 2) — in a meat market until he 
 joined the Chicago Fire Department in Novem- 
 ber, 1869, being assigned to duty on Winnebago 
 Engine No. 16, when it was organized. He 
 was transferred to Long John Engine No. 1 
 September 1, 1871, and worked on that engine 
 during the great fire in October, 1871. The com- 
 pany lost their horses at the corner of Wells 
 and Adams Streets, and had to pull their 
 engine by hand to Clark and Jackson Streets, 
 where it remained until a large boulder fell 
 from the top of the Grand Pacific Hotel and cut 
 off the tray of the engine. Leaving there they 
 went to Third Avenue and Jackson Street and, 
 having lost their hose, obtained a canvas hose 
 from the "Little Palmer House" at Quincy and 
 State Streets, when they tried to save the African 
 Church, but finding they could not do so, they 
 went to the Honore building, corner of Dear- 
 born and Adams Streets, and later to the Little 
 Palmer House on State Street. After working 
 there for awhile, they found that there was no 
 water in the hydrants, and they had to go into 
 line and get the water from the Lake basin at 
 Congress Street. Then after working at the 
 J. B. Rice Engine House, they went to Michi- 
 gan Avenue and Congress Street, and then south 
 to Harrison Street, where they saved their en- 
 gine from tipping into the basin by first putting 
 a rope around it and then taking the two lead- 
 ing horses from Engine 11 and pulling it out 
 of its perilous position. From there going to 
 Washington Street and the Chicago River on 
 the West Side, they pumped water into the 
 mains for twenty-four hours; then went to 
 Michigan Avenue and Hubbard Court, and 
 pumped water into the mains there for forty 
 hours for fire protection. Engines 1, 12, 15 and 
 
844 
 
 HISTORICAL EN^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 16 being the only ones then fit for service after 
 the fire. 
 
 Mr. Butterfield was promoted to Assistant 
 Foreman on Engine 1 March 1, 1872; was 
 transferred to Chemical No. 1 in September, 
 1874; transferred to Engine 24 September 11, 
 1875; promoted to Captain August 1, 1878; 
 transferred to Engine 64 May 12, 1894, and to 
 Engine 88 December 31, 1900. 
 
 Chicago owes a large debt of gratitude to her 
 pioneer firemen, and among them the name of 
 Frank H. Butterfield is entitled to honorable 
 mention. He has had many accidents and nar- 
 row escapes; was run over by the "Long John" 
 hose-cart in August, 1873, but his limbs were 
 not broken; was rescued from the debris of 
 the Globe Theater after having been there for 
 nearly an hour, and was found to be not seri- 
 ously injured. On June 30, 1881, he had his 
 right leg broken, sustaining a compound 
 fracture of both bones, but has recovered its 
 use. He also had his right hand nearly severed 
 by the fall of a chemical from the roof, and suf- 
 fered many other mishaps too numerous to 
 mention. 
 
 Mr. Butterfield was married to Miss Mary 
 Ellen Holmes in Peru, 111., March 4, 1871, and 
 two children have blessed this union. One 
 daughter is still living. . 
 
 EDWARD T. CAHILL. 
 
 Edward T. Cahill, attorney-at-law, was born 
 in Chicago the son of James and Mary (Mc- 
 Cormick) Cahill, who came from Ireland. Prior 
 to leaving the old country, the mother was a 
 school teacher in the national schools, the 
 father being the son of a farmer. The father 
 and mother were married in the State of New 
 Jersey, later removing to Chicago, where the 
 father was soon after killed in a railroad acci- 
 dent, leaving the family with little or no finan- 
 cial support. Edward was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools, afterwards pursuing a course of self- 
 study and attending lectures of an educational 
 character, usually pursued in colleges and uni- 
 versities, also studying I>atin and French. He 
 began life as a cash-boy. rising to the position 
 of clerk, studied law and was admitted to the 
 bar. entering the law office of Wilson, Mont- 
 gomery & Waterman, and becoming associated 
 later will) Hawes & Lawrence. 
 
 Mr. Cahill lias never held public office, but 
 has occupied many responsiliie positions in pri- 
 vate life, such as executor, trustee, receiver, 
 EHHlgnee, etc. In politics he is a Rei)ul)lican 
 and. being a fluent sijcaker. has made many 
 al'le Hpeeches In support of the i)rincii)les of the 
 Republican parly. He Is a member of the Chi- 
 
 cago Philosophical Society, before which he has 
 delivered lectures on various topics; is a mem- 
 ber of the Western Psychical Society, of iha 
 Art Institute, and other literary and scientific 
 bodies, and one of the Vice-Presidents of the 
 Sons of Illinois. He has been a contributor to 
 the daily newspapers and magazines on relig- 
 ious, political, social, scientific and legal ques- 
 tions, and has been prominently identified with 
 different public movements, having for their 
 object the advancement of the city and the pub- 
 lic good. 
 
 As a lawyer Mr. CahiU's practice has been 
 more especially connected with real-estate 
 affairs. He declines to accept criminal cases. 
 He has gained prominence by having raised the 
 question of the constitutionality of the act of 
 the State Legislature, known as the "Short 
 Cause Calendar." He has been employed in the 
 trial of a number of large and important chan- 
 cery cases involving the title to realty. He has 
 many devoted friends and a large and increas- 
 ing list of clients, by whom he is regarded with 
 much favor because of his ability and faithful- 
 ness to their interests; and is also regarded 
 by his colleagues as a conscientious and pains- 
 taking member of the profession in Chicago. 
 
 JOHN CALAHAN. 
 John Calahan, Engineer Engine No. 83, Chi- 
 cago Fire Department, was born in Albany, N. 
 Y., May 9, 1842; was educated in the public 
 schools of New York, and coming to Chicago in 
 1853, attended the Dearborn school. After leav- 
 ing school he worked as shop-boy in several 
 shops, and later on the lakes. On September 11. 
 1861, he enlisted in the United States Navy on 
 the United States Frigate "Cumberland," 
 remaining on that vessel until she was sunk by 
 the Merrimac, March 8, 1862. Then he served 
 on the Frigate "St. Lawrence" until honorably 
 discharged, October 14, 1863, after which he 
 sailed on the lakes and later worked at steam- 
 fitting until October, 1875, when he joined the 
 Fire Department, taking a position on Engine 
 No. 17. He was transferred to Engine 27, on 
 December 31, 1875; to Engine 22, in 1877; 
 back again, as Engineer, to Engine 27, in April, 
 1887; and to Engine 83, September 14, 1898, 
 where (1901) he still remained. Mr. Calahan 
 has met several minor accidents and has had 
 many narrow escapes, but is ever ready to face 
 any duty or danger he may be called upon to 
 meet. He is an "old timer" and has chased 
 and shot quails and other kinds of game from 
 Fort Dearborn on Michigan Avenue to Twelfth 
 Street in 1854 and 1855. He was married to 
 Miss Mary Kent, in Chicago, May 3, 1872, and 
 they have had seven children, five of whom are 
 now living, viz.: John, James, Catharine, Mary 
 and Grace. 
 
 .lOIlN M. CAMERON. 
 John M. Cameron, lawyer, Chicago, was l)orn 
 in Ottawa, Ontario. September 18, 1867, the son 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 845 
 
 of Neil and Mai-y (McRae) Cameron, and at two 
 years of age was brought to Chicago, where he 
 has lived ever since. He acquired his education 
 in the Chicago grammar and high schools, then 
 studied law, was admitted to the bar in June, 
 1889, and has since been engaged in practice, 
 being first connected with the firm of Campbell 
 & Custer, then with its successor, Custer, God- 
 dard & Griffin, and at the present time as junior 
 member of the firm of Custer, Griffin & Cam- 
 eron. On January 1, 1895, Mr. Cameron was 
 married to Miss Anna Iverson, and they have 
 (1904) two surviving children, viz.: Alan C. 
 Cameron and Anita C. Cameron. In politics 
 Mr. Cameron is a Republican, is affiliated with 
 the Masonic fraternity, is a member of St. 
 Paul's Episcopal Church at Riverside, and mem- 
 ber of the Board of Trustees of that place, where 
 he has resided for a number of years. The law 
 firm of which Mr. Cameron is an active work- 
 ing member has its office at 809 to 815 Rookery 
 Building, Chicago, where they have been located 
 for fifteen years. 
 
 JOHN G. CARLSON. 
 John G. Carlson, pioneer fireman, Captain 
 Engine No. 83, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born in the western part of Sweden, November 
 29, 1835, was educated in the common schools, 
 and, after leaving school, learned the tailor's 
 trade with his father. Coming to Chicago in 
 September, 1852, he remained in the tailoring 
 business until the death of his father, which 
 occurred in 1855. In March, 1857, he joined 
 the Volunteer Fire Department as hoseman on 
 the Philadelphia Hose Company. The company 
 disbanded in the spring of 1859, and on July 12, 
 1862, he joined the paid Fire Department as 
 pipeman on "Long John," No. 1, under the 
 command of foreman "Matt Benner," where 
 he remained until June, 1869, when he was 
 transferred to Jake Rehm Engine, No. 4, and 
 was promoted to foreman July, 1871. He was 
 in Saturday night's fire (October 7, 1871), and 
 went to Canal and Adams Streets; was called 
 out Sunday night about nine o'clock, to the 
 "big blaze" of October 8-9th, and took a position 
 at the church at the corner of Mather and Clin- 
 ton Streets, working there until he was obliged 
 to move to Mather and Jefferson Streets, where, 
 with the assistance of Engine No. 17, he pre- 
 vented the fire from going west; then went to 
 the corner of Canal and Beach Streets, and 
 fought the fire in the lumber yards until the 
 water gave out. He then went in line with 
 Engine No. 6, and worked on the Government 
 Bonded "Warehouse at the foot of Beach Street, 
 until ordered to form a line with other com- 
 panies from the lake. From there he went to 
 the North Side, going to work at Division and 
 Halsted streets in connection with compan- 
 ies from other cities, remaining there until 
 3 o'clock Tuesday morning. The next two 
 weeks were spent working, off and on, in put- 
 ting out fires in the coal yard and pumping into 
 the water-mains for the West Side. He was 
 
 successively transferred to Engines 20, 22 and 
 27, and, in 1879 to Engine 4; June 15, 1893, 
 organized Engine 69 ; was transferred to Engine 
 79 in January, 1896, and to Engine 83, June 15, 
 1897. During his long and constant service, he 
 has had many narrow escapes and rescues, but 
 (1901) is still on hand ready for any call of 
 duty or danger. Captain Carlson was married 
 in Chicago, March 8, 1873, to Miss Matilda John- 
 son, and they have had four children, three of 
 whom are now living. 
 
 JAMES A. CARNES. 
 
 James A. Carnes, Captain Engine No. 62, Chi- 
 cago Fire Department, was born in Hartford, 
 Conn., January 23, 1862; came to Chicago with 
 his parents in 1867, and was educated in the 
 Mitchell and Foster public schools. He worked 
 for Norton Brothers, can manufacturers, for 
 five years, when he went to Leadville, Colo., 
 remaining there five years more. Returning to 
 Chicago in 1885 he joined the Hyde Park Fire 
 Department, May 1, 1886, on Engine No. 1; 
 was promoted to Lieutenant in June, 1887, the 
 number of the engine being changed to 45 when 
 Hyde Park was annexed to Chicago, August 1, 
 1889. He was next transferred to Truck 16 on 
 December 31, 1890, and to Engine 51 in June, 
 1891; was promoted to Acting Captain, May 1, 
 1893, on Engine No. 63, World's Fair Grounds, 
 and to Captain, May 31, 1894. His subsequent 
 changes include his transfer to Engine 73, to 
 Engine 82, April 15, 1897, and to Engine 62, 
 October 6, 1900. He is now (1904) in charge 
 of Engine No. 63. 
 
 Captain Carnes was at the Cold Storage fire, 
 World's Fair Grounds, July 10, 1893. His com- 
 pany remained on the tower until forced to 
 leave, when they worked on the ground while 
 Chief Murphy and Lieutenants Barker, Wilbur 
 and Reffeld went up the ladder and rescued Cap- 
 tain Fitzpatrick, who was lying on the roof. 
 The rest of the company worked on the fire 
 and carried out five bodies of those killed. 
 There was no fire anywhere when they arrived 
 at the building, except in the dome. Captain 
 Carnes thinks the hot air exploded and set fire to 
 the stack. He has had many narrow escapes and 
 rescues; during a fire at Oak wood Boulevard 
 and Cottage Grove Avenue, while looking for 
 a party in peril, he went through to the base- 
 ment and had his jaw and leg broken; was also 
 nearly suffocated at the World's Fair Hotel fire 
 in 1893, and later rescued pipeman Powers. 
 Captain Carnes was married in Chicago, July 
 31, 1889, to Miss Mary O'Donnell, and they have 
 had four children, three of whom are now liv- 
 ing. 
 
 WILLIAM E. CARNEY. 
 
 William E. Carney, Captain of Fire-insurance 
 Patrol No. 5, was born at Union Springs, N. Y., 
 November 25, 1854, came to Kenosha, Wis., in 
 1860, and was educated in the public schools. 
 He worked in a grocery and feed-store until 
 1872, when he came to Chicago and there 
 worked at different trades and in the coal busi- 
 
846 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ness. also being employed by the American 
 Express Company. He joined the Fire-Insur- 
 ance Patrol. December 15, 1889. was assigned to 
 Patrol No. 1. and served as patrolman for five 
 years and as driver for four years. He was 
 transferred January 1, 1898, to Patrol No. 3, 
 and promoted to Lieutenant; then transferred 
 to Patrol No. 5 May 1, 1900. and promoted to 
 Captain. One of his closest calls was at the 
 McVicker's Theater fire, when, by hard running 
 before the roof fell, he escaped personal injury. 
 Later he had a similar escape when a building 
 on Cottage Grove Avenue and Thirty-second 
 Street was split in twain. He was married to 
 Miss Catharine Lavin in Chicago, on Easter 
 Sunday, 1879, and they had two children, one 
 of whom is now living. Mrs. Carney having 
 died some years previous, on Easter Monday of 
 1S93. Mr. Carney was married to his second 
 wife, who was Margaret A. Furness of Chicago. 
 A brave patrolman. Captain Carney has always 
 shown himself ready for service where duty 
 calls. 
 
 • SAMUEL T. CARR. 
 Samuel T. Carr, contractor, son of Silas T. 
 and Susan L. Carr, natives of New York, was 
 born March 13, 1841, in the same place, and 
 educated in private schools. On June 22, 1862, 
 he came to Chicago and went into the dry- 
 goods business with A. G. Downs & Co., remain- 
 ing nine years. On May 12, 1864, he enlisted 
 in Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-fourth 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry (Captain John 
 Dyer), and served nearly six months, taking 
 part in the campaign against guerrillas in Ken- 
 tucky and Missouri, and being discharged Octo- 
 ber 2.5, 1864. Mr. Carr was married to Mary E. 
 Halleck, in Chicago, September 20, 1866, and 
 they became the parents of four children: Susie 
 E., Anna Belle, Ethel May and Daniel W. Mrs. 
 Carr died in 1875 and on May 13, 1900. Mr. 
 Carr married Elizabeth Ross. . He is a Protest- 
 ant in religious belief, a Republican in politics 
 and by occupation a contractor. 
 
 ROBERT S. CARROLL. 
 Robert S. Carroll, attorney, was born on 
 November 20, 1845, in the city of New Bed- 
 ford, Mass., and received his education in the 
 pulilic schools. On September 20, 1862, he 
 enlisted in the Forty-seventh Massachusetts 
 Infantry — the Merchants' Guard of Boston — 
 serving in New Orleans under Gen. Banks, 
 when the latter relieved Gen. Butler, being 
 mustered out September 1, 1863. He re-enlisted 
 In the Fifty-eighth Massachusetts Veteran 
 Regiment. January 20, 1864, and served under 
 General Grant when he took command of the 
 Army of the Potomac, participating in the bat- 
 tles of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor and Peters- 
 burg, up to the battle of The Ciater, July, 1864, 
 when he was taken prisoner and conflne(i in the 
 ret)el prison at Danville, Va., and Libby Prison 
 at Richmond, until February 22, 1865. when ho 
 was parfded. Later he rettirned to his regi- 
 ment and participated In the grand review at 
 
 Washington, just before the mustering out of 
 the Army of the Potomac, which occurred July 
 14, 1865. 
 
 After returning home, Mr. Carroll studied law 
 in Boston, was admitted to the bar and, in 
 1877, removed to Chicago, where he has prac- 
 ticed his profession ever since. He was mar- 
 ried in Chicago, November 30, 1881, and has 
 one son. Mr. Carroll is a member of the 
 Masonic Order (32nd degree). Independent 
 Order of Odd-Fellows, Knights of Pythias, and 
 Grand Army of the Republic. 
 
 CHARLES E. CASE. 
 
 Charles E. Case, Captain of Engine No. 20, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago, 
 Jan. 15, 1859, and educated in the Kinzie 
 and Hayes schools; then worked for Crane & 
 Company as a molder, and later ran the ele 
 vator at the Hale Building, 103 State street. 
 He joined the Fire Department December 31, 
 1881, on Chemical No. 1, and was transferred to 
 Engine 17, and then to Engine 26 In Decem- 
 ber, 1884. March 1, 1886, he was promoted to 
 Lieutenant and assigned to Engine 34, then on 
 May 1, 1888, to Engine 17; was promoted to 
 Captain August 31, 1889, and assigned to 
 Engine 5; was transferred to World's Fair 
 Engine in service building in 1893, and later 
 had successive transfers to Engine 59, then to 
 Engine 24, and on January 31, 1900, to Engine 
 20. On September 1, 1884, at a fire in McComb's 
 Veneering Works at Kinzie Street and Ashland 
 Avenue, he was buried beneath the fallen tim- 
 bers and badly crushed, compelling him to 
 remain off duty for seven months. On Septem- 
 ber 1, 1885, while driving the cart for Engine 
 26, he came into collision with Engine No. 12, 
 was thrown from and run over by the cart, 
 sustaining internal injuries, besides a broken 
 arm, which laid him up about four months. 
 He received the Lambert Tree medal and hon- 
 orable mention for promptness, skill, and 
 bravery in assisting in the rescue of seventeen 
 persons from a burning building at 92 West 
 Lake Street, on the morning of October 12, 1888. 
 Captain Case has had many other narrow 
 escapes, but like many other Chicago boys is 
 ready for any emergency where duty and danger 
 calls. 
 
 CHARLES C. CHACE. 
 
 Few positions in business life call for a com- 
 bination of qualities at once so essential and so 
 rare as that of auditor of the accounts of a 
 great corporation. To a familiarity with fig- 
 ures and a ready comi)rehension of their rela- 
 tions must be added painstaking accuracy, to 
 quick i)erception must be joined thorough fam- 
 iliarity with detail, tireless energy and executive 
 capacity must go hand in hand, while the 
 entire superstructure must rest upon a founda- 
 tion of incorrupt il)le integrity. Probably no 
 man in Chicago's commercial world better 
 understands these requirements than Mr. 
 Charles C. Chace, the auditor of the Union 
 Stock Yards and Traction and the Chicago 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 847 
 
 Junction Railway companies. To the discharge 
 of the high trust and grave responsibilities 
 attaching to this dual position he has brought 
 a ripe experience and thorough equipment. 
 
 Born at Port Jervis, N. Y., August 30, 1855, 
 he received a thorough elementary and business 
 education, and in 1881 was given the position 
 of cashier in the Lafayette, Ind., office of the 
 Lake Erie & Western Railway Company. After 
 five year^ of faithful service there, he was 
 appointed the company's agent at Findlay, Ohio, 
 where he remained for six years. In 1892 he 
 accepted an offer from C. H. Hammond & Co., 
 to become their traffic manager at Omaha. Four 
 years later the Hammond Company organized 
 the Chicago, Hammond & Great Western Rail- 
 way Company, Mr. Chace being made auditor. 
 On the merging of this corporation with the 
 Chicago Junction Railway Company, on April 
 1, 1897, he continued to fill the same post. In 
 February, 1898, he was appointed auditor of 
 the Union Stoclc Yards and Transit Company. 
 
 Mr. Chace was married to Miss Jessie M. 
 Finney, a young lady of Indianapolis, on May 
 23, 1890, and their union has been blessed with 
 one daughter. 
 
 CALVIN CHAMBERLAIN. 
 
 Calvin Chamberlain, storekeeper, Union Stock 
 Yards & Transit Company, was born in South 
 Danvers (now Peabody), Mass., August 29, 
 1844; received a common school education 
 until the age of thirteen years, then assisted 
 his father on a small farm in Lynn, Mass., 
 until the fall of 1861, when, at the age of seven- 
 teen years, he enlisted in Company B, Seven- 
 teenth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer 
 Infantry, in which he served three years. This 
 regiment joined General Burnside's expedition 
 into North Carolina, and participated in all the 
 principal engagements in that department, 
 including Roanoke Island, Newbern, Goldsboro, 
 Kingston and others. 
 
 After the war Mr. Chamberlain returned to 
 his native city for one month, and then coming 
 to Chicago in December, 1864, was employed by 
 the United States Express Company, to which 
 he rendered efficient services in the great fire 
 of 1871, assisting in saving much valuable prop- 
 erty, for which he was rewarded by the com- 
 pany. In 1875, he severed his connection with 
 the Express Company and entered into the 
 employment of Atkinson & Lunt, marble deal- 
 ers, remaining with that firm until the sum- 
 mer of 1878, when he entered the service of 
 the Union Stockyard & Transit Company, as 
 bookkeeper and storekeeper of the commissary 
 department of the Transit House, making a 
 continuous service of twenty-two years for that 
 company. After the fire of 1871, he, with his 
 brother Charles, purchased a home in Engle- 
 wood, and has since resided there. 
 
 On April 17, 1879, Mr. Chamberlain married 
 Miss Ida A. Gregory, of Englewood, 111., and 
 two children have been born to them. Mr. 
 Chamberlain is a member of George G. Meade 
 
 Post, G. A. R., of Englewood, Ringgold Coun- 
 cil Royal Arcanum, and other societies. 
 
 WILLIAM ROSWELL CHAMBERLAIN. 
 
 When William the Conqueror invaded Eng- 
 land in 1066, one of the chief officers was 
 named Chamberlayne. The Chamberlains in 
 England belonged to the Puritan party in the 
 war with Charles I. The ancestors of William 
 R. Chamberlain came to America in 1638 and 
 settled near Boston, Mass., since which time 
 there has not been a war fought by the Colo- 
 nies or the United States that has not been par- 
 ticipated in by some members of the family. 
 Mrs. Chamberlain also traces her ancestry 
 back to the early settlers of Massachusetts. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born near St. 
 Elmo, Fayette County, 111., August 31, 1851, 
 the son of Philo Culver and Euphemia (Cooper) 
 Chamberlain, the former born in Campbells- 
 burg, Ind., and the latter in Ohio. The paternal 
 grandparents were Jonathan and Hannah (Cul- 
 ver) Chamberlain, both of whom were natives of 
 New York. On the maternal side of the family 
 the grandfather was Thomas Cooper, born in 
 Ireland, who married Ann Locke, a native of 
 Ohio. When four years of age William R. lost 
 his father by death, and five years later his 
 mother died. At the age of eleven years he 
 began working on a farm for four dollars a 
 month and continued to be thus employed until 
 he attained his majority, receiving his educa- 
 tion in the district schools, which he attended 
 during the winter months until he was able 
 himself to become a teacher. Later he attended 
 the Northwestern University, at Evanston, 111., 
 from which he was graduated in 1881. He then 
 taught school and studied law, being admitted 
 to the bar at Springfield in 1884, since when he 
 has been engaged in active practice. He has 
 organized a large number of corporations, being 
 especially proficient in that line of legal work, 
 and has also contributed to various law jour- 
 nals. Mr. Chamberlain has acquired an inti- 
 mate knowledge of the German language and, 
 being a zealous Republican, made speeches in 
 that language during the McKinley campaign. 
 He also canvassed Missouri for a month during 
 1896 by request of the National Committee. 
 Religiously Mr. Chamberlain is affiliated with 
 the Methodist Church. On February 21, 1887, 
 Mr. Chamberlain was married in Chicago to 
 Harriet I. Haines, and three children have been 
 born to them: Faith Carrie, Grace Ann, and 
 Philo Haines. 
 
 EDWARD BRUCE CHANDLER. 
 To the chronicler of human events it is 
 always a grateful task to recount the life story 
 of the man of earnest purpose and resolute will, 
 who has hewn out his road to success and 
 inscribed his name upon the roll of the coun- 
 try's successful men. Born in the State of New 
 York, Mr. Chandler's father's family was of 
 New Jersey origin, while that of his mother 
 belonged to one of the old and respected houses 
 
848 
 
 HISTORICAL E:^[CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 of Connecticut. His paternal great-grandfather, 
 Joseph Chandler, settled in Granville. "Washing- 
 ton County, N. Y.. where his grandfather, Wil- 
 liam, and his father, George Chandler, were 
 born. His maternal great-grandmother, Martha 
 Utler. was a native of New Jersey; his mother's 
 maiden name was Louisa Harris. The latter 
 was born at Hartford, Washington County, N. 
 Y.. the granddaughter of Israel and Sarah 
 (Morse) Harris, of Cornwall, Conn. Her father, 
 Joseph Harris, was a native of Williamstown, 
 Mass.. and her mother, born Lucretia Lord, first 
 saw the light at Norwich, Conn. 
 
 Edward Bruce Chandler was born at Hart- 
 ford, N. Y., January 30, 1838, and in his boy- 
 hood coming west, attended school at Romeo, 
 Mich., and in 1858 graduated from the Univer- 
 sity at Ann Arbor. The natural "bent" of his 
 mind being towards electricity, on leaving col- 
 lege he commenced the study of telegraphy in 
 the office of the Superintendent of the Illinois 
 & Mississippi Telegraph Company — the old 
 "Caton Lines." His first salaried position was 
 at Bureau Junction, where the Rock Island 
 Railroad Company paid him a monthly stipend 
 of thirty dollars; next was stationed succes- 
 sively at Rock Island and Peru, and later spent 
 a year in the office of the Superintendent of the 
 Illinois Central at Amboy, and two years as 
 operator and cashier in offices of the Rock 
 Island Company. Skill, experience and fidelity 
 next secured for him the position of manager 
 of the Caton lines with headquarters at Spring- 
 field, 111., which position he filled during a con- 
 siderable portion of the Civil War, when the 
 receipt and transmission of secret governmental 
 dispatches, the handling of which called for 
 inviolable secrecy, rendered his duties doubly 
 responsible. 
 
 Wearying of telegraphy and anxious to enter 
 the broader field for which he felt himself fitted, 
 Mr. Chandler, leaving Springfield in 1865 came 
 to Chicago to become the first General Superin- 
 tendent of the Chicago Fire Alarm Telegraph 
 Service, and in this capacity was in charge of 
 the city's electrical service at the time of the 
 great fire in 1871. He resigned this position 
 May 1, 1876, to become the General Western 
 Agent of the Gamewell Fire Alarm Telegraph 
 Company. He was also President or Secretary 
 of the Police Telephone and Signal Company 
 almost continuously from its organization in 
 1882, and was Treasurer of the old American 
 Electrical Society until it passed out of exist 
 ence. His reputation as an electrical expert 
 was widely recognized, while his business 
 career was marked by well earned .success. 
 
 Of genial temperament and fond of social 
 pleaKures, Mr. Chandler had many friends. In 
 hiH college days he was a member of the Beta 
 Theta PI fraternity, and was a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity over a quarter of a century, 
 having been Initiated Into Home Lodge No. r>()S 
 A. F''. & A. .M.. In 1877, becoming a Royal Arch- 
 Mason the same year as a member of Chicago 
 Chapter, No. 127, and Ktill later a Sir Knight in 
 
 Apollo Commandery No. 1. In his later years 
 he was one of those who organized the Cheva- 
 lier Bayard Commandery No. 52, in which he 
 filled the various offices, terminating with that 
 of Eminent Commander. He was also member 
 of the Medinah Temple Lodge of the Mystic 
 Shrine. He was an active and enthusiastic 
 craftsman, always on the alert for the good of 
 his Order. He was also a member of the Calu- 
 met Club and of the Loyal Legion. 
 
 At Princeton, 111., January 8, 1872, Mr. Chand- 
 ler was married to Miss Emily Mosley, and the 
 issue of this union has been two children — 
 Alice, married to Capt. O. L. Spaulding, Jr., 
 U. S. A., and George M., a civil engineer of Chi- 
 cago. Mr. Chandler died of pneumonia at his 
 home in Chicago, June 6, 1904. 
 
 HORACE G. CHASE. 
 
 Horace G. Chase, retired, Chicago, was born 
 in Hopkinton, N. H., July 9, 1827, the son of 
 Hon. Horace and Betsey (Blanchard) Chase, the 
 former a native of Unity, N. H., and the latter 
 of Medford, Mass. His father was a graduate 
 of Dartmouth College, N. H., the Alma Mater 
 of many of the most distinguished statesmen 
 and jurists in American history, including such 
 names as Daniel Webster, Rufus Choate and 
 others. In early life he was admitted to the 
 bar, and for many years served as Judge of 
 Probate of Merrimack County, in his native 
 State. During the administration of President 
 Jackson he was appointed Postmaster at Hop- 
 kinton, btit owing to the demands of profes- 
 sional and judicial duties, being unable to give 
 his personal attention to the office, placed it in 
 charge of his son, Horace G., who, although a 
 youth of only twelve years, took the usual oath 
 as Deputy Postmaster, discharging the duties of 
 the office in a practical and efficient manner. 
 Judge Chase, in his day, was a prominent mem- 
 ber of the Masonic fraternity, and was highly 
 honored and widely known in Masonic circles 
 throughout New England as "Father Chase," 
 and up to the time of his decease in 1875, was 
 Vecognized as an authority on fraternity laws 
 and customs. 
 
 Horace G., the immediate subject of this 
 sketch, was educated in the public schools and 
 Hopkinton Academy, while a member of the 
 latter his hours of recitation being so arranged 
 as not to interfere with his postoffice duties. It 
 was the purpose of his father to give him the 
 advantages of a course in Dartmouth College, 
 but this plan was frustrated b.v the desire of 
 the son to engage in business away from homo 
 and on his own account. Therefore, at the age 
 of sixteen the latter became an apprentice in 
 the mathematical and nautical instrument store 
 of Samuel Thaxter & Son, in the city of Bos- 
 ton, where he remained until his health becom- 
 ing Impaired, he returned to his home at Hop- 
 kinton, but in 1852 followed his two brothers 
 who had preceded him to Chicago. On his 
 arrival here he promptly found employment 
 with .lames H. Rees, who, with Edward A. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 849 
 
 Rucker, originated the present system of exam- 
 ining real-estate titles, for which purpose the 
 compiling of the abstract books had already 
 been commenced. Mr. Chase's brother, Samuel 
 B., was already associated with Mr. Rees, being 
 in charge of the abstract department of the 
 business, and engaged in the investigation of 
 titles while the indexes were in course of prepa- 
 ration. In 1855 Mr. Chase became a partner in 
 the firm of Rees, Chase & Company, consisting 
 at that time of James H. Rees and Samuel B. 
 and Horace G. Chase. A few years later tbo 
 Chase Brothers bought out the interest of Mr. 
 Rees, and the business was continued until the 
 fire of 1871, the firm name at that time being 
 Chase Brothers & Company, consisting of three 
 Chase brothers — Samuel B., Charles C, and 
 Horace G. — with George H. Bailey. This great 
 catastrophe wiped out every vestige of county 
 and court records, but fortunately for real-estate 
 owners in Cook County, each of the three firms 
 then engaged in the abstract business — Chase 
 Brothers & Company, Shortall & Hoard and 
 Jones & Sellers — saved a portion of their records 
 which, united, made a complete whole. Mr. Hor- 
 ace G. Chase became an active factor in secur- 
 ing the consolidation of these firms; and 
 although this step was at first widely misun- 
 derstood, and through the medium of the press 
 and otherwise severely criticised and misrepre- 
 sented as an attempt to establish a monopoly in 
 the abstract business, it was practically recog- 
 nized by act of the State Legislature and has 
 been vindicated by the courts and popular judg- 
 ment of real-estate owners. Following this com- 
 bination, the united firms leased their abstract 
 books to several of their old clerks under the 
 firm name of Handy, Simmons & Co., who con- 
 tinued the business of making abstracts of title 
 to real estate in Cook County until 1888, when 
 the Title Guarantee and Trust Company became 
 the outcome of the combination above named. 
 In the meantime the Security Title & Trust 
 Company and the Chicago Title & Trust Com- 
 pany had been formed, and were doing busi- 
 ness on the same lines, as the Title Guarautee 
 & Trust Company, when largely through the 
 efforts of Mr. Chase, who was a director in the 
 Title Guarantee & Trust Company, the stock- 
 holders of the several companies sold their 
 holdings to a syndicate which formed the pres- 
 ent Chicago Title & Trust Company, represent- 
 ing a capital of five millions of dollars. The 
 growth of real estate interests in Chicago, dur- 
 ing the past fifty years, is indicated by the 
 fact that Mr. Chase and his brother Samuel B. 
 Chase, were able to make all the abstracts 
 required by the public and assist in compiling 
 the abstract books when they entered into the 
 business in 1852, the same work now requiring 
 a force of over 300 clerks. 
 
 From the date of his arrival in Chicago, Mr. 
 Chase has taken an active interest in Masonic 
 affairs, there being at that time only two lodges 
 of the Order in the city — the LaFayette and 
 Oriental. Mr. Chase was secretary of the latter 
 
 for ten years and held a similar relation with 
 LaFayette Chapter for two years. In religious 
 faith he is an Episcopalian, an earnest sup- 
 porter of the Reformed Episcopal movement, 
 and a member of Christ Church congregation 
 under the leadership of Bishop Charles Edward 
 Cheney. Allying himself with the Republican 
 party on its organization in 1856, he supported 
 John C. Fremont for President that year, and 
 has since been an earnest champion of the prin- 
 ciples of that party. 
 
 Mr. Chase was married June 14, 1860, to Miss 
 Ellen Marian Sherwin, of Chicago, and they 
 have four children: Samuel M., Bessie L. B., 
 Lucy B., and Horace Stanley. Mrs. Chase is a 
 niece of the late William Rickcords, well 
 known in the early history of Chicago as land- 
 lord of the old Lake House, and later proprietor 
 of the old Sherman House. 
 
 Although spending his summers at his birth- 
 place, Hopkinton, N. H., Mr. Chase is still 
 deeply interested in Chicago affairs with which 
 he has been connected for the past fifty years, 
 and has unlimited faith in the future of the 
 city in which he has been so prominent and 
 influential a factor during that eventful period. 
 
 CHARLES CARROLL CHASE. 
 
 Charles C. Chase (deceased), early citizen 
 and prominent business man of Chicago, was 
 born at Hopkinton, Merrimack County, N. H., 
 September 19, 1829, the son of Horace and 
 Betsey (Blanchard) Chase, and died in Chi- 
 cago December 4, 1895, after a residence here 
 of nearly forty-five years. His father, Horace 
 Chase, was a farmer by occupation, but served 
 for many years as Judge of the Probate Court 
 in Merrimack County. He was also prominent- 
 ly identified with the Masonic fraternity, and, 
 for a considerable period, held the office of 
 Grand Secretary of the order for the State of 
 New Hampshire. In the days of the early 
 stage-coach he served as postmaster of his 
 native town on the route from Boston leading 
 northward. Jonathan Chase, the father of Hoi'- 
 ace and grandfather of Charles Carroll, was a 
 soldier in the War of the Revolution, holding 
 the rank of Captain and, for a time, serving as 
 Aide-de-Camp on the staff of the celebrated Gen- 
 eral Stark. 
 
 Charles C. Chase received his education in a 
 grammar school and academy in his native 
 town. The Hopkinton Academy was considered 
 one of the best of the State, at one time having 
 an enrollment of over one hundred pupils, many 
 of whom came from a distance and were board- 
 ers in the institution. A course in an institu- 
 tion of its character was considered a sufficient 
 preparation for admission to college, while it 
 was regarded as an ample qualification for the 
 ordinary pursuits of a business life unless the 
 pupil contemplated entering upon one of the 
 learned professions. 
 
 Mr. Chase came to Chicago in May, 1851, and 
 was ever afterwards prominently identified 
 with the social and business life of the city. 
 
850 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 The day after his arrival in Chicago he obtained 
 employment as assistant in the ofBce of the 
 City Clerk, remaining until September, 1852, 
 when he resigned to accept the position of 
 principal bookkeeper in the banking-house of 
 H. A. Tucker & Co. Compelled a year later to 
 relinquish this position on account of ill-health, 
 in the spring of 1854 he became Secretary and 
 Treasurer of the Chicago Hide & Leather Com- 
 pany, which place he continued to fill until 
 July, 1S62, when he tendered his resignation to 
 become Chief Clerk in the City Comptroller's 
 office, where he remained until February, 1870. 
 
 For a considerable portion of the period of 
 his connection with the Comptroller's office, Mr. 
 Chase had served as school agent, to which he 
 had been appointed by the Board of Education 
 in May, 1865, being re-elected biennially for the 
 remainder of his life — a period of thirty years. 
 His first monthly payment to teachers amounted 
 to about $12,000, which has since grown to hun- 
 dreds of thousands monthly. In 1870, he 
 engaged in the abstract business in partnership 
 with his brothers, Samuel Blanchard and Hor- 
 ace G. Chase, under the firm name of Chase 
 Brothers. This business was continued until 
 after the fire when, in 1872, the firm was dis- 
 solved and. in 1875, he became the senior mem- 
 ber of the firm of Chase & Adams, real estate 
 and loan agents, continuing until 1881, from 
 which date he carried on the same business 
 alone up to the date of his death. This came 
 December 4, 1895, at his home after a brief 
 illness resulting from an attack of neuralgia 
 of the heart. 
 
 Mr. Chase was married three times. His first 
 marriage was on May 22, 1858, to Julia Marsh 
 Sawyer, who was a cousin of William B. Ogden, 
 the first Mayor of the city of Chicago, and for 
 many years prominent in connection with rail- 
 way enterprises and Chicago real-estate busi- 
 ness. Mrs. Chase died July 19, 1866, leaving 
 three children, besides two who had died in 
 childhood. Their children were: Charles Glid- 
 den, Iwrn October 19, 1859, died January 25, 
 1861; Carroll Sawyer, born January 25, 1861, 
 died April 8, 1871; Harry Goodnow, born Janu- 
 ary 31, 1863, and Edward Olcott, born July 8, 
 1865. In 1874, Mr. Chase was married to 
 Belinda Newman Jones, who died early in 
 1883, leaving no children. June 15, 1886, he 
 was married to Grace A. Lamb, who bore him 
 two (laughters named Alice Louise, born March 
 12, 1889. and Dorothy, born January 30, 1891. 
 
 p-raternally Mr. Chase was a life-member of 
 the Oriental Lodge, A. F. & A. M.. and an hon- 
 orary member of the Chicago Light Guards. He 
 had been for years an attendant \ipon the Peo- 
 ple's Church under the ministi-ation of the late 
 Dr. Swing. His connection of over thirty years, 
 without Interruption, with the office of School 
 Agent under the Chicago Hoard of FJdiication, 
 during which It became his dtity to pay out 
 hnndrerlH of thousands of dollars of public 
 funfis annually, attested the confidence placed 
 during that period In his l)UHlne.sK capacity and 
 
 personal integrity. His death was deeply 
 deplored by those who had been brought in 
 contact with him officially, socially or in busi- 
 ness relations. On that occasion the Board of 
 Education appointed a committee of their num- 
 ber to attend his funeral, and, by unanimous 
 vote, adopted the following tribute to his mem- 
 ory: 
 
 "In the death of Charles C. Chase, who for 
 over thirty years filled the responsible position 
 of school agent, the Board of Education has lost 
 the services of a faithful employe. The best 
 interests of our educational system he always 
 subserved. Loyal to every trust reposed in him, 
 an honored resident of the city, to the material 
 success of which he contributed largely, his 
 demise will bring sorrow to the hearts of his 
 many friends, all of whom appreciated his 
 sterling qualities. We, the members of the 
 Board of Education in special meeting assem- 
 bled, bear testimony to his memory, and extend 
 to the bereaved family our sincerest sympathy." 
 
 Among the many personal tributes to his 
 character, the following from his long-time and 
 intimate personal friend, John G. Shortall, is 
 especially deserving of reproduction in this con- 
 nection: 
 
 "He was a splendid citizen, whose voice and 
 vote were always for the best interests of Chi- 
 cago. Clear-headed, amiable and just, he was 
 honest and honorable in all business and other 
 relations of life. All who ever knew him will 
 be sorry to part with him; and, after all, the 
 great test of a man's character and merits is, 
 that he could live in intimate relations wi:h 
 men for thirty or forty years and die sincerely 
 regretted by them all." 
 
 SAMUEL BLANCHARD CHASE. 
 Among the professional and business men of 
 Chicago who have left to their intimate friends 
 and descendants the cherished memory of a 
 life of straightforward integrity and purity of 
 character, the name of none stands out more 
 prominently in the estimation of those who 
 knew him best, than does that of Samuel 
 Blanchard Chase which heads this article. Mr. 
 Chase belonged to a family whose ancestors 
 came from England at an early period in Ameri- 
 can history, and from them he inherited those 
 characteristics of unswerving honesty and 
 sturdy independence which had been handed 
 down from generation to generation, and which 
 distinguished him in business and private life. 
 His great-grandfather. Captain Jonathan Chase, 
 gave evidence of his bravery and patriotism 
 as a soldier in the Colonial and Revolutionary 
 Wars, while his grandfather, Samuel Chase, 
 fought by the side of General Stark at the bat- 
 tle of Bennington. His father. Judge Horace 
 Chase, was equally prominent in. a more peace- 
 ful period in the history of his native State 
 of New Haini)shire, during a long and useful 
 career in various public positions. Having 
 taken a course in Dartmouth College, he stutl- 
 led law and i)racticed for a time at Hopkin- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 851 
 
 ton, N. H., and also held the positions of Mod- 
 erator of Town Meetings, Town Clerk, Town 
 Treasurer, Representative in the General Court 
 of the State, as well as that of Postmaster at 
 a time when Hopkinton was prominently talked 
 of as the future capital of the "Granite State." 
 Judge Chase also served as Probate Judge of 
 Merrimack County for many years, and pub- 
 lished a "Probate Directory," a volume which 
 has since been in universal use in the probate 
 courts of New Hampshire. He possessed a wide 
 social popularity among the members of the 
 Masonic fraternity of New Hampshire, to whom 
 he was known as "Father Chase," having 
 attained the thirty-third degree and held the 
 office of Grand Master and Grand Commander of 
 the Knights Templar. 
 
 Carefully educated himself. Judge Chase was 
 well fitted to train the mind of his eldest son, 
 Samuel Blanchard Chase, the subject of this 
 sketch, who was born at Hopkinton, N. H., 
 October 1, 1825. Having taken a preparatory 
 course in the Hopkinton Academy, Samuel 
 Blanchard Chase entered Dartmouth College at 
 the age of fourteen years, and, after leaving 
 college one of the first of his class, engaged in 
 the study of law and, in 1843, was admitted to 
 the bar in his native State. Here he contin- 
 ued to practice until 1850, when he removed to 
 Chicago, where he became associated with 
 James H. Rees in the making of abstracts of 
 title. Being a lawyer by profession, he imme- 
 diately took charge of the abstract business, 
 which he mastered so thoroughly that his opin- 
 ions on the most complicated questions of law 
 affecting titles to real estate were often sought 
 and always regarded as final. Under the super- 
 vision of himself and Mr. Rees, the first set of 
 abstract books or real estate indices for Cook 
 County were prepared. In 1854, his brother, 
 Horace G. Chase, became a member of the firm, 
 which took the name of Rees, Chase & Co., and 
 a short time previous to the great fire in 1871, 
 their brother Charles C. Chase and Geo. H. 
 Bailey were admitted to the partnership under 
 the firm name of Chase Bros. & Co. Although 
 each of the three firms then engaged in the 
 abstract business in the city of Chicago — 
 Messrs. Chase Brothers, Shortall & Hoard, and 
 Jones & Sellers — saved a large proportion of 
 their books from the fire, neither of them 
 recovered a complete set. It was therefore 
 deemed advisable to consolidate their several 
 sets of indices under the management of one 
 firm, and out of this grew what is known today 
 as "Ante-Fire Records," thus making a com- 
 plete set, which has proved of the greatest 
 value to the city of Chicago, in view of the fact 
 that the original records in the County Record- 
 er's office had been destroyed. On the consoli- 
 dation of the several real estate abstract firms, 
 Mr. Chase retired from business and subse- 
 quently united with Mr. A. H. Sellers in the 
 organization of the Title Guarantee and Trust 
 Company, in which he was General Manager 
 of the Guarantee Department for a period of 
 
 four years, and a Director in the Company until 
 his death in 1896. 
 
 Although entertaining no taste for political 
 life, Mr. Chase never refused to accept a posi- 
 tion in which he thought he could render a 
 benefit to his fellow-men. For several suc- 
 cessive terms he served as Supervisor of the 
 town of Lake View, and was chosen a mem- 
 ber of the State Board of Equalization for a 
 term of four years. His characteristic fairness 
 and foresight have been as noteworthy in his 
 political life as in his business career. He was 
 quick to realize the future of Chicago prop- 
 erty, making a specialty in his investments of 
 North Shore lands. 
 
 The principal street in Mr. Chase's old home 
 town in Hopkinton, N. H., is shaded by old 
 elm trees, none of which are less than a hun- 
 dred years old. Possibly it was the impression 
 produced upon his mind by these beautiful 
 elms in his early life, that developed his pas- 
 sion for trees and led him, in later life, to 
 plant every tree on the north side of Belmont 
 Avenue between the Lake and Halsted Street— 
 the results of which are seen today in one of 
 the finest lines of trees in the city of Chicago, 
 some of them being nearly three feet in diame- 
 ter. He was one of the first to experiment in 
 the transplanting of large-sized elms about his 
 old home on the Lake Shore Drive. Some of 
 these, from twenty-five to forty years old, which 
 were successfully transplanted by him, are now 
 among the largest and finest to be seen in the 
 city. This locality he transformed from a bar- 
 ren waste of sand into a spot which looks today 
 like an old New England home, instead of a 
 place in new Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Chase was united in marriage in 1855, 
 to Miss Emma Elizabeth Thompson, the 
 daughter of Captain Amherst Thompson, of 
 Amherst, Mass. Six children were born of 
 this union, viz.: Mary Elizabeth, Emma 
 Susan Lord, Horace Blanchard, Ruth Glidden, 
 Charles Amherst, and Samuel Thompson — all 
 of whom are living except the oldest daughter, 
 Mary Elizabeth. 
 
 In the business world Mr. Chase's name was 
 always a synonym for the most scrupulous 
 integrity, the most rigid justice. Of exception- 
 al mental attainments, he was yet one of the 
 most genial and approachable of men, at all 
 times courteous, kindly and sympathetic. 
 His profound legal learning, his breadth of 
 mind and his efficiency as a business man were 
 widely recognized, and he was credited with a 
 knowledge of the real estate law second to no 
 man of his time. Possessing a mind keen and 
 logical, broadened by a life of untiring indus- 
 try and careful reading, he was a close observer 
 of passing events and often foretold, with start- 
 ling accuracy, the results of the social and 
 economic tendencies of the times. In his 
 moments of freedom from business cares he 
 found his greatest pleasure in reading, retain- 
 ing to the end of his life a love for the classics 
 
852 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 which, in his Dartmouth days, formed so 
 important a part of his college curriculum. 
 
 In his social and domestic relations Mr. 
 Chase was beloved and venerated by all who 
 knew him. Simple, unassuming, wholly unself- 
 ish, he was ever ready to sacrifice his own 
 interests to any call upon his aid, advice or 
 sympathy. His death occurred March 27, 1896, 
 his passing away being deeply deplored by a 
 large circle of friends. It would be difRctilt to 
 conceive of a more fitting tribute to his mem- 
 ory than is contained in the following extract 
 from a sketch of the deceased furnished to the 
 local press by his intimate acquaintance and 
 business associate, Mr. John G. Shortall, of 
 Chicago: 
 
 "Conspicuous as he was," says Mr. Shortall, 
 "for his profound legal knowledge, for his per- 
 ception of right and wrong, for his unswerving 
 fidelity to all trusts reposed in him — and they 
 were many; for his devotion to the best inter- 
 ests of the community in which he lived; for 
 his fearlessness in following the path of recti- 
 tude wherever it might lead, and for many other 
 qualities of mind which brought him confi- 
 dences and the honor of the community, yet to 
 those who had the privilege of his intimate 
 friendship, all these qualities were felt to be 
 merely a necessary part of the man himself, so 
 full of kindness, so full of the delightful con- 
 fidences of friendship, so beloved by his family 
 as friend and father, and so bright and clear in 
 the esteem and regard of every one who knew 
 him. We may all feel that a great light has 
 gone out from among us, a strong defense of 
 the community's honor has departed." 
 
 FRANK L. CHURCH. 
 
 Frank Linaeus Church was born in Chicago, 
 111.. June 9, 1842, a son of William L. and 
 Roxanna Jones (Pike) Church, the former of 
 whom was born in Lima, N. Y., and the latter 
 in Charleston, Mass. On the maternal side his 
 great-grandparents were Nathaniel and Grace 
 (Esterbrook) Trask, both of whom were 
 natives of New Hampshire. The maternal 
 grandparents, Thomas and Mary Marble 
 (Trask) Pike, were also born in New Hamp- 
 shire. The paternal grandparents were Laza- 
 rus and Catharine (Brockway) Church, whose 
 birth took place in New York State. William 
 L. Church, the father of Frank L., came to 
 Chicago in 1836 and opened a general store on 
 Lake Street, under the firm name of Sheldon & 
 Church, which afterwards became Neff & 
 Church. 
 
 Mr. Church was a Republican in politics and 
 WEH Belected by President Lincoln as one of 
 the two commissioners to represent the State 
 of IllinolH at the dedication of the National 
 Cemetery at Gettysburg. He held many 
 elective offices during his life, having been 
 County Clerk, Alderman. City Clerk, Sheriff, 
 Clerk of the Circuit Court and exofflcio 
 Recorder, and, at the time of his death, which 
 
 occurred in 1882, he was United States Deputy 
 Collector at Chicago. 
 
 Frank L. Church was educated in private 
 schools and was graduated from the first high 
 school in Chicago. He served as First Lieuten- 
 ant of the United States Marines from 1861 
 until August 12, 1869, when he resigned. He 
 was on the flag-ship Black Hawk, commanding 
 the Marine Guard, and served with Admiral 
 Porter on the Red River in the operations with 
 General Banks. He afterwards served with 
 Admiral Lee, on the Tennessee and Cumberland 
 Rivers. He was a member of the National 
 Guard Cadets, which afterwards became the 
 Ellsworth Zouaves, remaining with that organi- 
 zation until its famous trip, when he resigned. 
 
 In politics Mr. Church is an independent 
 Republican and in religion is an Episcopalian. 
 Socially he is a member of the G. A. R., the 
 Knights Templar, and an ex-officer of the Illi- 
 nois Naval Veterans. His mother is now living 
 (1905) at the advanced age of eighty-one years. 
 On September 15, 1864, Mr. Church was married 
 at Lancaster, Ohio, to Alice G. Duncan, and 
 four children were born to them, as follows: 
 Frank L., William L., D. Duncan and Al C. 
 After the death of his wife he was married at 
 Milwaukee, Wis., August 4, 1885, to Quintia L. 
 Smith. Mr. Church is engaged in the real estate 
 abstract business. 
 
 MAXIMILIAN F. CLAUSIUS. 
 
 Maximilian F. Clausius, M. D., Palatine, III., 
 is of German birth, born in East Prussia, 
 March 11, 1852. He was educated in his native 
 country, attending lectures there, and came to 
 New York in 1870. In 1874 he graduated from 
 the New York College of Pharmacy, and in 
 1878 engaged in the drug business in the city 
 of Buffalo, N. Y., continuing until 1880, when 
 he entered the College of Medicine in St. Louis, 
 Mo., where he took a two years' course. In 
 1884 he entered the Medical Department of the 
 University at Buffalo, N. Y., remaining one 
 year, after which he spent one year at the Ben- 
 nett Medical College, Chicago, graduating from 
 that institution in 1886. In the latter year he 
 began practicing his profession at Beecher, Will 
 County, 111., where he remained until 1890, 
 when, returning to Buffalo, N. Y., he took his 
 degree in medicine from the University of that 
 city. In December of the same year he 
 removed to Kenosha, Wis., and in 1892 was 
 appointed Assistant Superintendent of the 
 Northern Hospital for the Insane, at Winne- 
 bago (near Oshkosh), Wis., continuing in this 
 position until 1894. In January, 1895, he locat- 
 ed at Barrington, 111., and was local Surgeon 
 for the Chicago & Northwestern and Belt Line 
 Railroads; has also given lectures on minor 
 surgery at the Jenner Medical College, Chicago. 
 
 In 1900, after a successful examination, Dr. 
 Clausius received an ap])ointment as Assistant 
 Surgeon in (he United States Army, after which 
 he served about a year in the Philippine Islands. 
 Returning from the Philippines in 1901, he was 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 853 
 
 assigned to duty at Fort Grant, Ariz., still later 
 being transferred to Fort Huachuca,, Ariz., 
 where he served as Post Surgeon. In Decem- 
 ber, 1902, having resigned his position in the 
 army, he returned to the States and located at 
 Palatine, 111., where he now resides. Dr. Clau- 
 sius is a member of the Association of Military 
 Surgeons of the United States and various 
 other medical organizations, including Chicago 
 and Illinois State Medical Societies. 
 
 Dr. Clausius has been twice married. His 
 first wife died in 1884, and in 1885 he was mar- 
 ried to Pauline Fetsch, and they have a family 
 of six children — five boys and one girl — viz.: 
 Theodore, Ccesar, Ovid, by his first wife, and 
 Pauline, Ewald and Willie by his second wife. 
 
 NORRIS COCHRAN. 
 
 Among the older and more successful live- 
 stock commission merchants of Chicago, and 
 one whose name is a synonym for honest deal- 
 ing and upright behavior, is the gentleman 
 whose name appears above. He was born at 
 Pembroke, N. H., November 27, 1838, and was 
 a great-grandson of Major James Cochran, 
 Deacon Joseph Emory, and Matthew Gault — 
 all valiant and distinguished soldiers of the 
 Revolution, the last two serving under General 
 Stark. 
 
 Norris Cochran received his academical edu- 
 cation at Pembroke, Northfield and Pittsfield, 
 N. H., and, after leaving school in 1858, worked 
 on the farm with his father, also being engaged 
 in the lumber and live-stock business until 
 1859. Thinking he might do better in the Far 
 West, he went to California and remained in 
 San Francisco until 1862, when he returned to 
 New Hampshire, and resumed his former 
 labors. 
 
 In August, 1868, Mr. Cochran again came 
 west, locating at Clarence, Iowa, where he 
 engaged in the lumber and live-stock trade with 
 successful results. Becoming closely identified 
 with the Stock Yards interests of Chicago, he 
 removed to that city in 1871. On arriving here 
 he formed a partnership with H. S. Bunker, 
 under the firm name of Bunker & Cochran, 
 which existed for nearly thirty years, making 
 a record of honorable business that is com- 
 mendable in the highest degree. November 11, 
 1901, Mr. Cochran passed away after an illness 
 of one year. 
 
 Mr. Cochran was married, to Miss Sarah J. 
 Whitehouse, in Pembroke, N. H., June 12, 1866, 
 Three children have blessed this union: Eliza- 
 beth Sophia, Anna Dudley and Norris White- 
 house. 
 
 SAMUEL COCHRAN. 
 Samuel Cochran, real estate dealer. Park 
 Ridge, Cook County, was born at Springfield, 
 Ohio, February 21, 1831, and educated at the 
 Wesleyan University at Delaware, in the same 
 State. His father, George W. Cochran, was 
 a native of Virginia and his mother (Cath- 
 erine) of Pennsylvania. In his early manhood 
 
 Mr. Cochran taught school for a time in his 
 native town, but was admitted to the bar on 
 September 24, 1860, and practiced law for about 
 ten years, when he was ordained a preacher in 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church; also served 
 as an Agent of the American Bible Society 
 some ten years. In 1880 he came to Park Ridge, 
 Cook County, 111., and entered upon the real 
 estate business, in which he has been engaged 
 ever since. He bought a considerable body of 
 land upon which he erected a large number of 
 houses for working people; also built a fine 
 residence opposite the railroad depot, which 
 has been a marked ornament of the town. Alto- 
 gether he has done more to build up Park 
 Ridge than any other single individual. 
 
 Mr. Cochran was married December 25, 1853, 
 to Miss Elizabeth Neer, of Springfield, Ohio, 
 and has one son, Aaron W., who, at the date 
 of the preparation of this sketch (1900), was 
 traveling in Europe. In religious belief Mr. 
 Cochran is a Methodist, and in politics a Re- 
 publican. As indicated by the foregoing 
 sketch of his business career, he ranks among 
 the most prominent and influential citizens of 
 Park ridge. 
 
 M. LESTER COFFEEN. 
 To the towering snow-capped mountain peaks 
 of New England, with its fallow, comparatively 
 sterile valleys stretching out between long 
 ranges of lofty hills, the country has long been 
 accustomed to look for brains, for a high stand- 
 ard of morals, for rugged determination and 
 inflexible will — in a word, for all those ele- 
 ments that enter into the make-up of the true 
 man, be they physical, intellectual or moral. 
 In an overflowing stream the sons and daugh- 
 ters of New England have spread over the en- 
 tire land, to irrigate and fructify its "dry and 
 waste places." It is of such stock that Mr. M. 
 Lester Coffeen comes, and it was to the Green 
 Mountains that his great-grandfather. Captain 
 John Coffeen, removed from Topsfleld, Mass., 
 before the shot was flred "that echoed round 
 the world." He was the first settler in Caven- 
 dish, Vt., and an influential citizen, sitting in 
 the first Constitutional Convention of that 
 State and being repeatedly elected to the legis- 
 lature. He was an ardent patriot and did much 
 to aid the army of the Revolution. Captain 
 Coffeen was the husband of Susannah Gold- 
 smith, like himself born in Massachusetts. 
 Their son William was born in Cavendish, and 
 married Abigail Green Lyndes. They, in turn, 
 were the parents of William L. G. Coffeen, the 
 father of M. Lester. He became the husband 
 of Helen E. Lester, daughter of Milo Lester, 
 for whom Mr. Coffeen of Chicago was named. 
 M. Lester Coffeen came to Illinois in early 
 youth, and, after receiving a preliminary edu- 
 cational training at Normal, 111., removed to 
 Chicago, where he entered the law department 
 of the old Chicago University, being admitted 
 to the bar upon his graduation in 1874. His 
 success seemed assured from the first, and his 
 
§54 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 professional standing is high. He has been 
 for many years a member of the prominent 
 firm of Tenney, McConnell, Coffeen & Harding. 
 He is a Republican in politics, but has never 
 held office. 
 
 Mr. Coffeen was married on December 13, 
 1S77, to Miss Martha Martin, of Chicago. The 
 handsome city residence of the family is at 
 3133 Calumet Avenue., and their country home 
 stands on the northern shore of Lake Michi- 
 gan. Mr. and Mrs. Coffeen have two daugh- 
 ters, Mae and Lester, and one son, Henry 
 Martin, who was a member of the class of 
 1902 at Yale University. 
 
 JAMES COLFORD. 
 James Colford, Engineer, Engine No. 79, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chi- 
 cago. March 8, 1854. and was educated in the 
 Kinzie and Franklin public schools, the "Holy 
 Name" and private schools. After leaving 
 school he learned the trade of boiler-maker, 
 and worked for the P. \V. Gates Manufactur- 
 ing Company for nine years, after which he 
 was employed by Frazer & Chalmers three 
 years, when he joined the Fire Department, 
 August 15, 1876, being assigned to duty on 
 Engine No. 16; then on Truck 4, and later on 
 Engines 1 and 27 as candidate; was trans- 
 ferred to Truck 5, January 19, 1877, remain- 
 ing two years, when he was detailed to the 
 repair shop, serving there eight years and 
 three months. He was appointed Assistant 
 Engineer May, 1885, and transferred to Engine 
 14; was promoted to Engineer and trans 
 ferred to Engine 11, November 9, 1886; to En- 
 gine 4, in October, 1892, and to Engine 79, 
 December 28, 1896, where (1901) he still re- 
 mains. He has had numerous narrow escapes, 
 and is on hand for any call that may come. 
 He was married to Miss Nora Daly in Chicago, 
 September 17, 1878, and eight children have 
 been born to them, five of whom are still living. 
 
 PATRICK E. COLLINS. 
 Patrick E. Collins, Captain Engine Com- 
 pany No. 59, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born in Chicago, November 28, 1861, and was 
 educated in the Graham school. After leaving 
 school he worked for the Chicago Packing & 
 Provision Company at the Union Stock Yards, 
 but on June 4, 1883, he joined the Town of Lake 
 Fire Department, being assigned to Engine No. 
 3; was promoted to Lieutenant in 1887, and 
 transferred to Hook and Ladder Company 
 No. 1 ; was promoted to the Cajitaincy in Oc- 
 tober, 1888, and assigned to Engine No. 53; 
 was next transferred to Engine No. 50, July 
 1. 1899; to Engine 48, January 1, 1890, and to 
 Engine 59, September 7th 1898, at Dexter Park 
 Avenue, corner of Broadway, Stock Yards dis- 
 trict, where (1904) he is still on duty. He 
 ha8 attended all the fires that have occurred 
 In the Stock Yards district since he has l)een 
 a member of the Department, and has had 
 some narrow escapes, but received no perma- 
 
 nent injuries. Like the true Chicago fireman, 
 he is always ready to face any danger where 
 duty may call him. 
 
 JOSEPH CONNOR. 
 
 Joseph Connor, live-stock dealer, was born 
 in Earlville, LaSalle County, 111., Oct. 20, 1854; 
 was educated in the district schools, and 
 after leaving school worked on a farm at 
 Earlville until 1879, when he came to Chicago 
 and found employment with the Union Stock 
 Yards and Transit Company, being employed 
 in the Yards and in the Fire Department until 
 1899. He then commenced business for him- 
 self, buying and selling hogs, with headquar- 
 ters with Clark, Bowles & Co. 
 
 He was married to Miss Ann Crotty, in Chi- 
 cago, December 2, 1885, and six children have 
 blessed their union. Mr. Connor has worked 
 faithfully for the interests of his employers, 
 and is esteemed by his associates. 
 
 THOMAS L. CONWAY. 
 Thomas L. Conway, Captain of Engine 55, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chi- 
 cago January 10, 1861, and educated in the 
 Newberry and Vedder public schools. After 
 leaving school he engaged in the printing bus- 
 iness with the Western Bank Note Company, 
 remaining there five years, after which he was 
 employed on the Chicago River tug- boats (V. 
 
 0. T. line), until he joined the Fire Depart- 
 ment, November 16, 1883, on Truck No. 1. 
 He was transferred to Truck 3, December 31, 
 1885; was promoted to Lieutenant, January 
 
 1, 1890, and transferred to Truck 10; trans- 
 ferred to Truck 3, April 3, 1890; promoted 
 to Captain July 1, 1893, and assigned to En- 
 gine 32; transferred to Truck No. 1, July 16, 
 1897, and to Engine 56, December 1, 1900, and 
 (1904) is on duty on Engine No. 55, ready for 
 any call. He has had many narrow escapes, 
 plenty of cuts and bruises, and camfe near los- 
 ing an arm by lacerating an artery. 
 
 Captain Conway was married in Chicago, 
 February 4, 1891, to Miss Mary E. Walsh, and 
 four children have blessed their union. 
 
 CAPT. JOHN COOK. 
 
 John Cook, Chief of Sixth Battalion, Chi- 
 cago Fire Department, was born in Germany, 
 in 1843, and on leaving school early in life 
 became a painter. In 1868 he joined the Chi- 
 cago Fire Department on Engine 17, of which 
 Charley Brown was Foreman and Fire Mar- 
 shal Musham Assistant Foreman. He re- 
 signed, but later returned to Engine 17 and 
 subsequently served on Engines 26, 28 and 18. 
 He was made Lieutenant in 1875, and Captain 
 in 1876, and promoted to Chief of Sixth Bat- 
 talion, April 30, 1895, which position (1904) 
 he still holds. He has had many narrow es- 
 capes while on duty at fires, and has dis- 
 charged his duty without flinching. 
 
 Captain Cook enlisted in the Thirteenth Illi- 
 nois Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 855 
 
 and fought at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas 
 Post, the two battles at Jackson, Miss., at 
 Vicksburg, Tuscumbia, Lookout Mountain, Mis- 
 sionary Ridge and Ringgold Gap. 
 
 JOHN S. COOPER. 
 
 Great are the rewards that wait upon energy 
 that knows not fatigue, and courage that fails 
 to recognize defeat. "Be not weary in well- 
 doing," is a Scriptural injunction, which the 
 indefatigable man of business not infrequent- 
 ly perverts into "be not weary in striving 
 after success." Singleness of purpose, joined 
 to resolute will, lies at the foundation of many 
 a fortune built up, stone by stone, from a hum- 
 ble beginning to the apex which crowns the ed- 
 ifice. From the position of a railway brake- 
 man to that of a successful and prosperous 
 business man, this has been bridged by the 
 union of pluck, hard work and sound business 
 sense. It is this combination of quality, joined 
 to a recognized integrity that is never ques- 
 tioned, that has given to Colonel John S. 
 Cooper his eminent position as a business man 
 and a citizen. 
 
 He is a native Chicagoan, having been born 
 here March 18, 1842. His father did a small 
 business in the way of contracting for railroad 
 work, and after quitting school the boy worked 
 for him until 1859. Then, at the age of seven- 
 teen, he began his own battle with the world as 
 brakeman for the Illinois Central Railroad 
 Company, two years later being promoted to 
 freight conductor. He subsequently held a 
 similar position with the Chicago & Alton, 
 and, in July, 1862, was given charge of a train 
 running from Nashville, Tenn., to "the front," 
 where two hostile armies lay facing each other. 
 For twenty months he remained in the South, 
 running trains (among them pay trains), 
 sometimes among suroundings of grave peril, 
 one of his thrilling experiences being the run- 
 ning of the first train across the Chattahoo- 
 chee Bridge into the burning city of Atlanta. 
 His loyalty, rigid fidelity to duty and spirit 
 of kindly helpfulness to those in need gained 
 for him the honorary title of "Colonel," which 
 he has carried ever since. Between 1864 and 
 1872 he was a passenger conductor on the Chi- 
 cago & Alton road, while, at the same time, 
 carrying on a teaming business of his own. 
 
 On May 1, 1872, he established boarding sta- 
 bles, which were burned in July, 1874, and on 
 which he carried no insurance. At this crisis 
 in his affairs, when financial ruin stared him 
 in the face, Mr. J. C. McMullen, then General 
 Manager of the Alton line, personally tendered 
 him his former position. This proffer Colonel 
 Cooper gratefully acknowledged, but declined. 
 On the same day he borrowed $5,000, with 
 which he purchased the Eaton Livery Stables, 
 on Adams Street between Michigan and Wabash 
 Avenues. Since then his business success 
 may be said to have been extraordinary. 
 He has owned various boarding, livery and 
 sale-stables, where he has held weekly auc- 
 
 tions; has conducted a mile track for the test- 
 ing of speed, and, since 1886, has carried on 
 a general commission, sale and auction busi- 
 ness at the Union Stock Yards. For several 
 years his annual sales of horses and mules 
 have averaged between fifteen and twenty thou- 
 sand annually. His rare skill as a judge of 
 horse-flesh and his known probity have caused 
 him to be chosen President of the National 
 Horse Exchange and a member of the execu- 
 tive Committee of the International Live Stock 
 Exposition of Chicago. Through the enter- 
 prise, very largely of Colonel Cooper, this has 
 become the largest horse market in the world. 
 
 Colonel Cooper has other important business 
 interests, including street-sweeping contracts 
 with the city, coal-carrying for Peabody & 
 Company, and the conduct of a winter hotel 
 at Phoenix, Ariz. Some idea of the magnitude 
 of his local business may be formed from the 
 fact that, in its management, he uses some 
 three hundred horses daily. From 1893 to 
 1897 he swept the streets of Buffalo under a 
 contract with that municipality. 
 
 In connection with his other business inter- 
 ests. Colonel Cooper has recently opened a sale 
 and commission house in South Omaha, Neb., 
 for the sale of horses and mules. The sta- 
 ble now occupied by him was the first ever 
 opened in the Stock Yards, being purchased by 
 him from Thos. Evers, the original horse dealer. 
 
 Mrs. Cooper's maiden name was Mary Walsh, 
 and their union was solemnized at Chicago on 
 September 19, 1869. Mrs. Cooper died Febru- 
 ary 3, 1879, leaving two children, a son and 
 daughter: Robert Walsh and Mary Grace 
 Cooper. Politically Colonel Cooper is a Demo- 
 crat. 
 
 THOMAS R. CORNWELL. 
 
 Thomas R. Corn well (deceased), former Yard- 
 master Union Stock Yards & Transit Company, 
 was born in Beekman, N. Y., September 18, 1838, 
 and was educated in the district schools. After 
 leaving school he remained on his father's farm 
 until coming to Chicago in 1858, when he went 
 to work for John B. Sherman at the Myrick 
 Stock Yards as weighmaster. He returned to. 
 New York in September, 1865, and, in 1866, 
 again came to Chicago, where he was employed 
 by the Union Stock Yards & Transit Company 
 as weighmaster until the resignation of Orrin 
 Dean, Superintendent of Division A, known as 
 "Rock Island," when he was appointed to that 
 position, which he retained until he passed 
 away, July 30, 1888. 
 
 Mr. Cornwell was married September 14, 1864, 
 to Miss Marie S. Chapman, of Dover Plains, N. 
 Y. They had one adopted daughter, Anna M. 
 Cornwell, who married William L. Elder, 
 December 22, 1898. Mr. Cornwell was noted for 
 his kind and friendly treatment of those with 
 whom he was associated. Chicago and the Un- 
 ion Stock Yards & Transit Company owe a large 
 debt of gratitude to her sturdy pioneers, and 
 to none more so than to Thomas R. Cornwell. 
 
856 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ALPHONSO LORAIN CORY. 
 
 \lphonso Lorain Cory, M. D.. was born at 
 \drian. Mich.. September 26, 1851, the son of 
 Vincent P and Alzina (Weightman) Cory, who 
 were natives of the State of New York, but early 
 in their married life moved to Michigan. After 
 attending the local schools, the son began the 
 studv of medicine in 1867, and two years later 
 entered Bennett Medical College. Chicago, from 
 which he graduated in 1871. Prior to the great 
 fire of that year his office was located on Canal 
 Street, between Polk and Ewing, and it was 
 the first phvsician's office in the city to be 
 consumed. He immediately thereafter removed 
 to the Town of Lake, where he soon built up 
 a large practice. In that year he was appointed 
 local surgeon for the Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railroad Company, but resigned in 
 1874. to devote himself wholly to private prac- 
 tice. During this period he originated the 
 '•health organization" of the road, and, in 1886, 
 at the company's urgent solicitation, re-entered 
 its service, remaining several years. In Septem- 
 ber, 1880, he organized the Health Department 
 of the Town of Lake, and was in full control 
 of its operations, as Deputy Health Commis- 
 sioner, until May, 1883. When he died he was 
 President of the staff of the Englewood Hospital, 
 having charge of the department of Gynecology. 
 
 Dr. Cory was a close and earnest student, 
 keeping himself in touch with the progress of 
 medical science throughout the civilized world. 
 In 1892 he took a special post-graduate course at 
 Rush Medical College. The Doctor was also a 
 Mason of high degree, having entered the fra- 
 ternity in October, 1875, as a member of Engle- 
 wood "Lodge, No. 690, A. F. & A. M. Two years 
 later he became a charter member of Mystic 
 Star Lodge, No. 758, and in 1883 was chosen 
 Worshipful Master; was made a Royal Arch 
 Mason in March, 1882, in Englewood Chapter; 
 in 1884. aided in the formation of Delta Chapter, 
 becoming a charter member, and in 1887 was 
 honored by being installed its High Priest; re- 
 ceived the degree of Royal and Select Master in 
 I^fayette Council, in October, 1882. and in 1885 
 served as Thrice Illustrious Master of Temple 
 Council, No. 65. He became a Knight Templar 
 in .lune, 1893. in Calumet Commandery, at the 
 date of his death being affiliated with Engle- 
 wood Commandery. On April 26, 1895, he was 
 made a Nolile of the Mystic Shrine. 
 
 In 1872 Dr. Cory was married to Miss Pauline 
 R. Carpenter, of Oconomowoc, Wis., and a son. 
 Edwin v., and a daughter, Ella A., were born 
 to them. The son is also a physician, being a 
 graduate of the Medical Department of the 
 Northwestern I'niversity. 
 
 Dr. Cory died Septeml)er 25, 1902, of pneu- 
 monia after an illness of six days, and is buried 
 at Oak wood. 
 
 VINCENT P. CORY. 
 Vincent P. Cory, real-estate agent and ex-Jus- 
 tice of the Peace, was born In Seneca County, 
 N. v., November 16, 1829, and when young 
 
 moved to Washtenaw County, Mich., where he 
 was employed in saw-mills and also learned the 
 trade of carriage-maker, at Saline, Mich. In 
 1847 he enlisted in the First Michigan Volun- 
 teer Infantry, and served eight months during 
 the Mexican War, after which he was employed 
 at his trade in Michigan. About 1863 he en- 
 tered the service of the Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railroad Company, being employed in 
 their shops at Adrian, Mich., and six years later 
 came to Chicago as foreman of the company's 
 freight-car repair shops, which position he filled 
 up to September 1, 1876. 
 
 Mr. Cory has resided in the Town of Lake 
 since 1872, which was annexed to Chicago in 
 1889. In 1875 he was elected a member of the 
 Board of Trustees, and in the spring of 1877 
 was chosen Justice of the Peace for a term of 
 four years, and re-elected in, 1881. He is a 
 member of Mystic Star Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of 
 Englewood; Past High Priest of Delta Chapter 
 191, R. A. M. ; and member of Englewood Com- 
 mandery K. T. Mr. Cory was married to Mrs. 
 Alzina Barnum, at Saline, Mich., March 8, 1849, 
 and one son, Dr. A. L. Cory, has blessed their 
 union. Mrs. Cory died August 5, 1891, and the 
 son. Dr. A. L. Cory, September 25, 1902. 
 
 FRANKLIN DWIGHT COSSITT. 
 
 Franklin Dwight Cossitt, President Board of 
 Village Trustees, LaGrange, 111., was born in 
 LaGrange, Fayette County, Tenn., December 4, 
 1861, being the only son of Franklin D. and 
 Martha L. (Moore) Cossitt. After acquiring 
 his education in the public schools of Chicago, 
 where his father had settled in 1863, at the 
 age of eighteen, he engaged in the general mer- 
 cantile business at LaGrange, 111., which he dis- 
 posed of some three years later and, after a 
 course of study at the Metropolitan Business 
 College, Chicago, in 1885, entered into partner- 
 ship with his father, under the firm name of 
 F. D. Cossitt & Son, dealers in real estate. The 
 present beauty and prosperity of the village of 
 LaGrange is in great part due to the enterprise 
 and business forethought of this firm. The 
 partnership continued until the death of his 
 father in July, 1900, since which time Mr. 
 Cossitt has continued the business alone. A 
 few years since he accepted the agency of sev- 
 eral well-known fire insurance companies, with 
 which he is still connected, doing the largest 
 business in this line in LaGrange. 
 
 Prominent among the business men of La- 
 Grange, Mr. Cossitt has naturally ranked among 
 its political leaders, and has served his fellow- 
 townsmen in the following official capacities: 
 Trustee of the village since 1889; Highway 
 Commissioner of Lyons Township since 1892, 
 and Treasurer of the same since 1892. In the 
 spring of 1901 he was elected President of the 
 Village Board of Trustees, and again in 1902 
 and 1903. He has also served as a member of 
 the Cook County Democratic Central Committee. 
 On National issues Mr. Cossitt voted with his 
 
HISTORICAL E^N"CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 857 
 
 party until the advent of "Bryanism," when he 
 joined the "Gold Democrats." 
 
 On February 10. 1886, he married Margaret A., 
 daughter of Dr. George M. Fox, one of the old- 
 est and most respected citizens of LaGrange. 
 Mrs. Cossitt is one of the most popular ladies 
 of LaGrange, a leader in social and church cir- 
 cles, and a woman of most pleasing personality. 
 Their family of eight children — viz.: Franklin 
 D., Jr., Jean F., George M., Margaret, Marion, 
 Harry Rene, Frederick H. and James L. — give 
 promise of the perpetuation of a family whose 
 marked characteristics are such as make the 
 true American citizen. Mr. Cossitt is a member 
 of LaGrange Chapter, 207 Royal Arch Masons; 
 LaGrange Lodge, No. 770, A. F. & A. M.; Sub- 
 urban Lodge, No. 110, L O. O. F.; Royal Ar- 
 canum; Royal League; National Union; North 
 American Union; Suburban and Country Clubs. 
 
 DAVID A. COURTER. 
 Talent and energy, the roots from which 
 springs success, are indigenous to no one clime. 
 They find equally nutritive soil in the sun-kissed 
 prairies of the West and among the snow-laden 
 pines of Canada. Indeed, to the stalwart sons 
 of the Dominion, rugged alike in physique and 
 integrity, the "States" owe a heavy debt for 
 their enterprise in designing, no less than 
 their energy in achieving. It was from the 
 County of Lennox and Addington, in Upper 
 Canada, that Mr. Courter emigrated to Chicago. 
 Born in the town of Mill Creek, February 18, 
 1830, he attended the district and "special" 
 schools, devoting not a little time and study to 
 architecture. 
 
 After leaving his Canadian home, he spent a 
 few years in the State of New York, learning 
 the trade of carpenter and joiner in Wayne 
 County, where for a time he carried on business 
 as a contractor and builder. Going thence to 
 Canandaigua. N. Y., he completed his archi- 
 tectural studies in the office of James A. Mc- 
 Kay, and in 1853 visited Chicago for the first 
 time. Not being pleased with the prospect here, 
 he went on to Beloit, Wis., where he aided in 
 the construction of the Beloit & Madison Rail- 
 road. He then made a close study of engineer- 
 ing, and was given charge of bridges and build- 
 ings during the building of the Racine & Mis- 
 sissippi Railroad, a line running from Racine to 
 Freeport. For thirty years he was identified 
 with railroad construction in the West, among 
 his associates being such prominent officials as 
 Robert Harris, C. H. Chappell, Max Hjortsberg, 
 C. H. Hudson and Geo. H. Nettleton. To the 
 unflagging industry and tireless energy of these 
 practical railroad men Chicago owes not a little 
 of her proud pre-eminence as a railroad center 
 today. Mr. Courter is passing his declining 
 years quietly at Hinsdale, 111., where he holds 
 the office of Postmaster and Justice of the 
 Peace. 
 
 He was united in marriage to Sarah L. War- 
 ren, on February 18, 1852, at Ontario, N. Y., and 
 of their five children only one survives. 
 
 FRANK M. COX. 
 
 Frank M. Cox, lawyer, was born in New Vi- 
 enna, Ohio, October 1, 1856, the son of Ulysses S. 
 and Lydia A. (Myers) Cox, both of whom were 
 natives of the Buckeye State. On the paternal 
 side his grandparents were Aaron and Mary 
 (Bailey) Cox. The subject of this sketch re- 
 ceived his education in the public schools of 
 his native State, studied law with E. M. Ash- 
 craft, at Vandalia, 111., and was admitted to 
 the bar at Mr. Vernon, 111., in February, 1882. 
 On May 1, 1884, he was married at Vandalia, 
 111., to Miss Martha N. Arnold, and they have 
 one child, Leah F. 
 
 While in Vandalia, Mr. Cox was a partner 
 of the law firms of Webb & Cox and Cox & Wills, 
 and since coming to Chicago, of the firms of 
 Ashcraft, Gordon & Cox; Cox, Winslow & 
 Ward, and the present firm of Cox, Heldman & 
 Shortle. He and his firm have a large and 
 growing general practice in all the courts, and 
 he has been engaged in a number of important 
 cases in the State. Accustomed to devote his 
 entire time to the study and practice of his 
 profession, he does not allow other branches 
 of business to be mixed up with it. 
 
 Mr. Cox is a Republican in politics, and a 
 Methodist in religious belief; is also a mem- 
 ber of the Order of Odd Fellows, National Un- 
 ion and Hamilton Club. Still a young man, 
 Mr. Cox has a brilliant future before him. 
 
 IRUS COY. 
 Irus Coy (deceased), former attorney Union 
 Stock Yards & Transit Company, Chicago, was 
 born in Pitcher, Chenango County, N. Y., July 
 25, 1832, the son of John and Almira (Pierce) 
 Coy. His father was a soldier in the War of 
 1812, and a man much respected in his day. 
 Receiving his early education in the common 
 schools of the neighborhood, young Coy after- 
 ward entered Central College, Cortland County, 
 N. Y., and graduated therefrom in 1853. In 
 order to secure means to fit himself for the 
 legal profession, he engaged as a day laborer 
 in the hay and harvest fields, and in the fall of 
 that year, with but fifty dollars in his pocket, 
 came to Newark, 111., and engaged as clerk in 
 a dry-goods store. From his earnings while 
 thus employed he saved enough to defray his 
 expenses through the New York State and 
 National Law School, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 
 and, after completing his studies, was admitted 
 to the bar at Albany, in 1857. 
 
 Returning to Illinois, he located in Newark, 
 Kendall County, and later at Bristol, then the 
 county-seat of Kendall County, and with but 
 thirty-five dollars in cash, a suit of clothes and 
 a few law books, started in to compete with the 
 skill and experience of the profession. Success 
 was with him from the outset, for he soon ac- 
 quired a lucrative practice, and became the 
 leading lawyer in his section of the State. Such 
 was his ability and reputation that his counsel 
 was sought by those needing it far and near. 
 
858 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 and during his residence in Kendall County, he 
 was engaged in every trial of note before the 
 courts of his circuit. 
 
 The esteem in which he was held may be 
 gathered from the fact that he represented the 
 county in the State Legislature of 1869-70, 
 where he became an influential leader, and it 
 was said that, during these sessions, no im- 
 portant measure could be passed unless aided 
 by his influence and counsel, while many of his 
 speeches were among the most eloquent ever 
 delivered in the Illinois Legislature. It may 
 be truly said that no constituency ever had a 
 more faithful servant than Kendall County had 
 in Mr. Coy, or any State a more sagacious 
 legislator, in the proper sense of the term, than 
 had the State of Illinois. ■ 
 
 In 1871, Mr. Coy removed to Chicago, and 
 served as attorney for the Union Stock Yards 
 & Transit Company until his death, which oc- 
 curred on the 20th day of September, 1897. In 
 1872 he was chosen Presidential Elector on the 
 Republican ticket, and assisted in casting the 
 vote of the State for General Grant. 
 
 Mr. Coy was married on January 19, 1859, to 
 Miss Julia A. Manchester, at Newark, 111., and 
 two sons and two daughters were born to them. 
 He was a man of commanding presence and 
 pleasing address, of broad culture and elevated 
 tastes. He was of a genial and social nature, 
 and a most companionable friend, and, by his 
 manly qtialities and upright life, won the re- 
 spect and love of a wide circle of acquaintances 
 and friends. His life was, in the best sense, a 
 success, and furnished an example of energy, 
 perseverance and loyalty to principle, and a 
 noble purpose worthy of emulation. 
 
 JAMES GOULD COZZENS. 
 
 James Gould Cozzens, real-estate dealer, the 
 son of William Cole and Martha Stanton 
 (Gould) Cozzens, was born in Newport, R. I., 
 June 1, 1836, and educated in the Brown Uni- 
 versity. William Cole Cozzens, the father, was 
 born in 1811 and died in 1876, and his wife, 
 Martha Stanton (Gould) Cozzens, was born in 
 1811 and died in 1896. On the paternal side of 
 the family, James Gould Cozzens' great-grand- 
 parents were Joseph, born in 1752 and died in 
 1835, and Mary (Johnson) Cozzens, born in 
 1735 and died in 1831, and his grandparents 
 were Matthew, born in 1784 and died in 1870, 
 and Anne (Cole) Cozzens, born in 1782 and died 
 in 1815. On the maternal side, his great-grand- 
 parents were James, born in 1739 and died 1812, 
 and Hannah (Wanton) Gould, born in 1749 and 
 died in 1831, and his grandparents Isaac, born 
 In 1783 and died in 1853, and Sarah Waldron 
 (Hammett) Gould, born In 1782 and died in 
 1850. These ancestors were all born In New- 
 port. R. I. 
 
 James G. Cozzens, the subject of this sketch, 
 is an Episcoijailan in religious faith, a Demo- 
 crat in politics, and a real-estate dealer by occ\i- 
 palion. HIh father, William Cole Cozzens, was 
 the thirty-fourth (acting) Governor of Rhode 
 
 Island (1863-1864), being President of the State 
 Senate when Governor William Sprague and 
 Lieutenant-Governor S. G. Arnold were elected 
 to the United States Senate, thus promoting 
 him to the Governorship. In 1854 he was 
 elected Mayor of the City of Newport, R. I., 
 being the second Mayor under the revised 
 charter. Mr. Cozzens was married in Buffalo, 
 N. Y., August 21, 1886, to Mary E. Pomeroy. 
 He has lived in Chicago since 1868, for ten 
 years having been a citizen of St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 CLAYTON EDWARD CRAFTS. 
 
 The reputation of Mr. Crafts as a lawyer, 
 political leader and statesman is not confined 
 to Cook County, but extends over the whole 
 State. Chicago knows him as a citizen of gen- 
 erous public spirit, and Illinois as a watchful, 
 intelligent, careful legislator. Ohio claims the 
 honor of his birth, he having been born at 
 Auburn, Geauga County, in that State, on July 
 8, 1848. He came from revolutionary stock, 
 both his great-grandfather, Edward, and his 
 great-uncle, Thomas, having been oflacers in the 
 patriot army during the War of the Revolution 
 — the latter carrying a Colonel's and the former 
 a Major's commission, and both having virtu- 
 ally dedicated their entire fortunes to the cause 
 of American Independence. His grandfather, 
 William Crafts, was the first white settler in 
 the Township of Auburn, Ohio, clearing the 
 farm on which he reared his family. Clayton 
 E. Crafts' father was named Edward, and his 
 mother's maiden name was Helen Johnson. 
 
 Mr. Crafts' early educational advantages were 
 fairly good, his training being received at dis- 
 trict and private schools and at Hiram College. 
 His early predilection was for the study of 
 law, and, in 1868, at the age of twenty, he 
 graduated from the Ohio State and Union Law 
 College at Cleveland, and was admitted to the 
 bar in June of the same year. The following 
 September he entered the office of Hon. John 
 J. Van Allen, at Watkins, N. Y., under whose 
 tutelage he continued his studies for eight 
 months. In June, 1869, he visited Chicago, 
 somewhat in the character of an investigator, 
 and being pleased with the prospect, settled 
 there immediately after his marriage, which oc- 
 curred September 15th of the same year. For 
 four years he was in partnership with Henry 
 Lincoln, and from 1873 to 1885 practiced alone. 
 In the year last named he was associated with 
 Hon. George M. Stevens, under the firm name 
 of Crafts & Stevens, and from that time the 
 firm has enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. 
 
 From the period of his early manhood Mr. 
 Crafts was irresistibly attracted to the field 
 of politics, his natural characteristics being 
 such as fitted him for leadership. From 1882 
 until 1894 he represented his district in the 
 lower house of the Illinois Legislature, and in 
 1887 and 1889 he received the caucus nomination 
 of his party for the Speakership. This made 
 him the recognized leader of the minority on 
 the floor of the House, in which position, deli- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 859 
 
 cate, difficult and trying, he exhibited rare skill 
 as a tactician and astute knowledge as a parlia- 
 mentarian. In 1891, and again in 1893, the 
 Democrats being in the ascendancy, he was 
 elected Speaker, in which position he mani- 
 fested a readiness of resource, a quick intuition 
 and a strong, nervous power which surprised 
 even his friends. During the last session in 
 which he held the gavel, many important meas- 
 ures were passed, among them the Australian- 
 ballot law and one providing for the redistrict- 
 ing of the State. Among the acts which he 
 either personally introduced and supported, or 
 whose passage was largely due to his personal 
 efforts and influence, may be mentioned those 
 for the establishing of a "short cause calendar," 
 the extension of the Sheridan Drive and of 
 Washington Boulevard, and the annexation of 
 several important suburbs to the city. He was 
 one of the special committee of fifteen which 
 drafted the law creating the Sanitary District 
 of Chicago, rendering possible the construction 
 of the great Drainage Canal. In fact, it is 
 not too much to say that he has ardently sup- 
 ported all legislation looking to the benefit of 
 Chicago, while he has never been unmindful 
 of the interests of the State at large. 
 
 In the State and National councils of his 
 party, Mr. Crafts has been repeatedly honored; 
 perhaps because of his natural qualifications for 
 such positions of confidential trust, inasmuch as 
 to earnestness, energy, patience and persever- 
 ance he joins a rare capacity for "judicious 
 silence." He has been repeatedly an active mem- 
 ber of both State and County (Democratic) 
 Central Committees, and in 1892 was a dele- 
 gate to the Democratic National Convention, 
 in which body he served as a member of the 
 Committee on Resolutions. In the same year 
 (1892) he presided over the deliberations of 
 the State Convention. As a campaign speaker 
 he is clear, forcible and ready at repartee, quick 
 to give sharp forensic thrusts and readily re- 
 pelling those returned by his opponent in 
 debate, 
 
 Mrs. Crafts' maiden name was Cordelia E. 
 Kent. The issue of their marriage has been 
 four children: William C, Helen, Harry K., 
 and Frederick A. (deceased). William grad- 
 uated from Yale College in 1894; Helen married 
 Frederick W. Job, and Harry K. has scarcely 
 passed his majority. The family are all mem- 
 bers of the First Presbyterian Church of Aus- 
 tin, where Mr. Crafts has been a member of 
 the Board of Trustees for more than twenty- 
 five years, repeatedly serving as President of 
 that body. 
 
 ANDREW CRAWFORD. 
 Andrew Crawford (deceased) was born near 
 Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, December 1, 
 1831, being the third son of Andrew and Janet 
 Crawford. His father was a highly respected 
 man of the Middle Class, for a number of years 
 being manager of the Duke of Portland's ex- 
 tensive coal mines. He died in 1855 at the 
 
 age of fifty-six years. His mother was a 
 descendant of the Hay family, of whom it has 
 been said that, "to write their history would 
 be little less than writing the history of Scot- 
 land." The Hays were among the greatest of 
 the families who emigrated to Scotland in the 
 beginning of the twelfth century. 
 
 Andrew Crawford lived with his parents and 
 attended the parochial school until he was 
 twelve years of age, when, to please his father, 
 he entered the mines. The lad was, however, 
 anxious to secure an education, and for this 
 reason he began attending sessions at a night 
 school, and, although the strain upon his 
 strength was great, his Scotch pluck enabled 
 him to endure a discipline which ordinarily 
 would ruin the constitution of a twelve-year-old 
 boy. He was brought up in an atmosphere of 
 strict Scotch Presbyterianism, and as he could 
 find no time for recreation during the week, and 
 Sunday was too sacred for aught but religious 
 services at the kirk, it is not strange that the 
 lad grew restive. At the age of fifteen he was 
 indentured as an apprentice for five years, to 
 an iron company, for which he was to receive 
 for his first year's labor fifteen pounds, for his 
 second twenty pounds, for his third twenty-five 
 pounds, his fourth thirty pounds, and for his 
 fifth forty pounds. He possessed at this time 
 some slight knowledge of Latin and French, 
 and now began the study of civil engineering 
 and general surveying. He must have been 
 something of an adept at this work, for, at the 
 end of his first year, the company promoted 
 him. His Scotch blood could hardly bear to 
 recall the long period of service ahead, and 
 yet he could not prove false to a contract, 
 and, until a change in the management of the 
 iron company left him free to seek other em- 
 ployment, he continued as an apprentice. Not 
 yet of age, but fired with a great ambition 
 which would not permit the idea of a return to 
 the colliery work at home, Andrew went to 
 London in search of employment, and oppor- 
 tunity offering, in November, 1852, he sailed 
 from Liverpool for the shores of the new world. 
 The sailing vessel was slow, and severe storms 
 compelled the skipper to put into the Azores 
 for repairs. Another vessel was boarded and 
 his second venture, more fortunate than the 
 first, saw him landed in New York harbor Feb- 
 ruary 23, 1853. 
 
 On arriving in New York he had just one cent 
 in his pocket — an unpromising outlook for a 
 stranger in a strange land — but from the first 
 young Crawford never seemed to doubt that 
 the great opportunity of his life had come. 
 Though it was winter, he at once sold his good 
 Scotch overcoat and thus began his career as 
 a tradesman. This transaction seems strangely 
 grotesque when viewed from the millionaire's 
 standpoint of today, but it was the lowest round 
 of the ladder up which Mr. Crawford has since 
 climbed. Ceaseless toil, unusual determination, 
 character and brains always tell, and, unin- 
 viting as the prospects then appeared, the lad 
 
86o 
 
 HISTORICAL EJfCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 knew that the field before him was infinitely 
 superior to that which he had left behind in old 
 Scotland. Everything partook of a strangeness 
 which would have dazed many a new-comer, but 
 none of these things dampened his ardor. From 
 New York he went to Philadelphia, thence to 
 Xew Jersey, in which latter State he received 
 $1.25 per day as helper to the cook for a con- 
 struction gang on the railroad. Fever and ague 
 finally drove him south as far as New Orleans, 
 and after various occupations had given him 
 the means whereby he laid up a small amount 
 of money, he entered into a partnership with 
 a young Southern gentleman which ended dis- 
 astrously, and caused him to journey north- 
 ward, where he at length landed in Illinois. 
 Little did this wanderer dream of future great- 
 ness when he arrived in Chicago, nor did he 
 imagine how the city of less than 66,000 pop- 
 ulation was to change. 
 
 Settling in Geneseo, 111., in 1857, Mr. Craw- 
 ford married Miss Sarah Louise Baxter, of that 
 place. The young couple began their married 
 life unpretentiously, but prospered from the 
 first, the young husband beginning a course of 
 law study which he diligently pursued at night 
 when his daily toil was over. In 1860 he was 
 admitted to the bar. It is a matter of interest 
 that his first client was arrested for stealing a 
 mule. 
 
 Mr. Crawford's time was divided between 
 banking and the practice of law. In 1860 he 
 secured naturalization papers^ and became 
 an American citizen. Never a partisan, he was 
 still a stanch Republican. In 1868 he was 
 elected from Henry County to the State Sen- 
 ate, where he served a term of four years, the 
 second session being under the Constitution 
 of 1870. He was appointed by the Governor 
 Trustee of one of the State institutions, and in 
 1872 was a delegate to the Republican National 
 Convention at Philadelphia, which nominated 
 General Grant for President for his second 
 term. By this time having accumulated con- 
 siderable means from his law practice and 
 Chicago, and in September, 1873, he removed 
 banking interests, he purchased real estate in 
 with his family to that city. In 1877 he be- 
 came one of the incorporators, and, later, a 
 director and Vice-President of the Chicago & 
 Western Illinois Railway. In 1886 we find him 
 the attorney of Mr. Yerkes and his associates 
 in street-railway circles, his wide and varied 
 experience making him an authority in this 
 line, and for more than twenty years vast com- 
 mercial interests passed through his hands. 
 
 Andrew Crawford was a member of the Uni- 
 tarian Church, and a sincerely religious man. 
 •Modest and affable, he never worried and was 
 seldom in haste. He believed in a "good foun- 
 dation." as he termed it, and always worked 
 from the bottom upward, l^ved. honored and 
 truKlcd by those who knew him, he had a con- 
 Hplciioiisly successful business career, and at 
 Ills (biiih Ifft an estate valued at over one 
 nilllloii (lollars. 
 
 On November 22, 1900, while in his office, 
 he was stricken with heart failure and without 
 a word departed into the invisible land. His 
 wife, two sons and three daughters were left 
 to mourn his loss. The body was interred in 
 the family lot at Geneseo, the locality of his 
 first American home, and the scene of his first 
 real successes. What a magnificent legacy such 
 a man leaves to the generation who shall come 
 after him. He has won the victory, and erected 
 for himself a monument more enduring than 
 the granite hills. 
 
 F. M. GROSSMAN. 
 F. M. Grossman, liveryman in Chicago for 
 twenty-seven years, and stock farmer. Wheeling, 
 Cook County, 111., is descended from a Massa- 
 chusetts family, both his grandfather and his 
 father having been born in Sutton in that 
 State, the former in 1779, and the latter in 
 1816. His grandmother, Olive Whipple, was 
 also a native of the same place. On December 
 13, 1870, Mr. Grossman was married to Ella 
 Kelley, of Brookfield, Mass., and has two chil- 
 dren, Ella Annie and Frederick Kelley. In 
 1886 he became the proprietor of what is now 
 known as the Spring Brook Stock Farm, 
 located in the town of Wheeling, and embracing 
 440 acres of the farm formerly belonging to 
 Hiram Kennicott. Here of late years he has 
 made a specialty of breeding Wilkes horses, 
 Poland China hogs, Dorset Horned sheep and 
 Holstein cattle, and boarding city horses, in this 
 line of business being especially successful. 
 
 MICHAEL GROTTY. 
 
 Michael Grotty, Pipeman, Engine No. 58 
 (Fire-boat "Chicago"), Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in County Cork, Ireland, Feb- 
 ruary 2, 1855, was educated in the National 
 School, coming to Chicago in 1887, worked for 
 the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad 
 Company in the freight house until he joined 
 the Fire Department, May 18, 1890, on Truck 
 11; was a substitute on Engine 5, and candi- 
 date on Engine 10, December, 1890; was trans- 
 ferred to Truck 6, April, 1891, and to Engine 
 58, December, 1892; tht,-n to Truck 17, May, 
 1893, and Engine 58, June, 1898. He was badly 
 burned on the hand at a fire at Ninety-second 
 Street and Commercial Avenue, October 22, 
 1899, when Lieutenant Ambrose, of Engine 72, 
 and himself escaped by jumping from the third 
 story window thirty feet to the alley, receiving 
 severe injuries. In 1891 he was rescued at a 
 fire on Charles Place near Fifth Avenue (bot- 
 tling works), by order of Chief Musham and 
 Captain Horan (now Chief of the First Bat- 
 talion), and would have lost his life but for thai 
 order. 
 
 On June 22, 1880, Mr. Grotty was married to 
 Miss Mary E. Dalton, in Wyandotte County, 
 Ohio, and eight children have been bom to 
 them, viz.: Mary Agnes. Helen, Johanna, Mar- 
 garet, Agnes, .lohn, Michael and Anna. Mr. 
 Grotty is still (1904) connected with the Chi- 
 
HISTORICAL EN"CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 86i 
 
 cage Fire Department as truckman in Hook 
 and Ladder Company No. 17. 
 
 GEORGE P. CROWE. 
 
 George P. Crowe, Assistant Engineer Engine 
 No. 10, Chicago Fire Department, was born in 
 Elburn, 111., June 22, 1873, came to Chicago in 
 1873, and was educated in the Oak Street and 
 Franklin public schools and the Christian 
 Brothers' school. After leaving school he learned 
 the machinists' trade, at which he worked for 
 seven years. Later he was engineer for Zero 
 Marx's sign works until he joined the Fire 
 Department, July 1, 1898, on Engine No. 21, was 
 transferred to Engine 65, December 31, 1898, 
 and to Engine 10, June 9, 1900. 
 
 Mr. Crowe was married to Miss Agnes Ber- 
 ger, in Chicago, June 22, 1898. He has always 
 been found in his place ready for any emer- 
 gency where duty calls. 
 
 J. HENNING CROWLEY. 
 
 J. Kenning Crowley, Chief Clerk West Side 
 Pumping Station, was born in Menasha, Wis., 
 September 7, 1856, was educated in the public 
 schools of his native city and at Engelman's 
 Academy in Milwaukee, and coming to Chicago 
 in 1871 worked for S. P. Rounds, type-founder, 
 for two years, and then with W. E. Strong, the 
 Michigan Central Railroad Company, and later 
 for Montgomery Ward & Co., in charge of their 
 main office, until 1882. He was then employed 
 as traveling salesman by Simpson, Hall, Miller 
 & Co., of Wallingford, Conn., for one year, and 
 for Frier & Jack, glassware merchants, for a 
 year, traveling through Michigan, Minnesota 
 and Northern Iowa. Having quit traveling, he 
 was appointed head clerk for the shipping de- 
 partment of Armour & Co., later had charge 
 of the clerks in the jobbing department in a 
 down-town office until 1889, when he went to 
 Washington Territory and helped to make the 
 State and found four towns on Puget Sound. 
 
 While on the Pacific coast Mr. Crowley 
 worked on a Seattle newspaper for six months, 
 and printed a newspaper at Anacortes, Fidalgo 
 Island, Puget Sound; also worked for the City 
 of Seattle when there were only 12,000 inhab- 
 itants, and until there were 40,000, in 1890. 
 During the taking of the census of 1890 he was 
 employed by United States Commissioner R. B. 
 Porter, as Special Agent for six months; then 
 returning to Chicago in 1891, worked for the 
 World's Fair Committee at headquarters, re- 
 maining until the spring of 1894. He then 
 became manager of the Ely Manufacturing 
 Company (in general merchandise), until 
 they sold out; later had charge of the corres- 
 pondence department of Sears, Roebuck & Co., 
 until the election of Mayor Harrison, in 1897, 
 when he was appointed to take charge of the 
 sidewalk department in the Special Assessment 
 Office, continuing in the service of the city as 
 assistant in different departments under Civil 
 Service rules until his appointment as Chief 
 Clerk of the West Side Pumping Station. He 
 
 has also been proof-reader and reporter for 
 many of the newspapers. Mr. Crowley has 
 shown, by his devotion to the interests of his 
 employers and the positions of trust which he 
 has been called upon to fill, that he can be 
 relied upon in whatever place he may be called 
 upon to occupy. 
 
 JACOB RAMBO CUSTER. 
 
 Jacob Rambo Custer, lawyer, Chicago, was 
 born in Chester County, Pa., the son of David Y. 
 and Esther (Rambo) Custer, who were both 
 natives of Montgomery County, Pa. For gen- 
 erations his ancestors had been residents of 
 the same section of Pennsylvania, his paternal 
 grandparents being Jacob and Catherine (Yer- 
 ger) Custer, and his great-grandfather, Peter 
 Custer, and his great-grandmother (whose 
 maiden name was Vanderslice), all being born 
 in Montgomery County. On the maternal side 
 his grandparents were George and Ann (Fox) 
 Rambo, and his great-grandparents Abraham 
 and Catharine (Tyson) Rambo — also natives of 
 the same county. 
 
 Mr. Custer was educated at Washington Hall, 
 Trappe, Pa., in the school of Dr. Abel Rambo, 
 his uncle at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, 
 Pa., graduating from the latter in 1867. He 
 then studied law one year (1868) in Phila- 
 delphia, and the next year (1869) at the Albany 
 Law School, New York. Then coming to Chi- 
 cago in October of the latter year, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar and practiced alone until 
 May, 1879, when he entered into partnership 
 with the late William J. Campbell, under the 
 firm name of Campbell & Custer, which was con- 
 tinued until Mr. Campbell's death, March 4, 
 1896. 
 
 Mr. Custer's present business partnership is 
 with .Joseph A. Griffin and John M. Cameron un- 
 der the firm name of Custer, Griffin & Cameron, 
 with office at 811 Rookery Building, Chicago. 
 On December 1, 1879, he was married in the 
 City of Chicago, to Miss Ella A. White, who 
 was born in Grand Rapids, Mich., and educated 
 in Chicago, and they have had two children, 
 Charles W. and Esther Rambo Custer, both 
 now deceased. Mr. Custer is a Republican in 
 politics, but has never held or sought office, 
 accepting the principle that the proper sphere 
 of the true lawyer is in the domain of work. 
 
 CHARLES SIDNEY CUTTING. 
 Charles Sidney Cutting, lawyer and Judge 
 Probate Court, Cook County, is one of the many 
 sons of Vermont who, by character and achieve- 
 ment, have reflected credit upon the city of 
 their adoption. To the little, long, narrow 
 State, the western foot-hills of whose towering 
 mountain range reach down to Lake Cham- 
 plain, while its eastern spurs join those of the 
 White Mountains, the entire country, and espe- 
 cially the great Central West, owe a debt. Her 
 stalwart sons have helped break Western 
 prairies and build Western cities, and Chicago 
 alone can furnish many a proof, material, in- 
 
862 
 
 HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 tellectual and aesthetic, of their prowess and 
 success. 
 
 Judge Charles S. Cutting was born at High- 
 gate Springs, in the Green Mountain State, 
 March 1, 1854. Through his father, Charles A. 
 Cutting, and his mother, whose name before 
 marriage was Laura E. Averill, he claims 
 descent from those early English immigrants 
 who sought freedom of conscience in a new 
 world, the Averills having originally belonged 
 to the Society of Friends. Mr. Cutting, Sr., 
 with his family removed to Salem, Oregon, 
 while his son. Charles S., was a boy, and the 
 latter received a classical education at Willa- 
 mette University. At the early age of seven- 
 teen he was tendered the editorship of the Cedar 
 Rapids (Iowa) Times. He remained in the 
 sanctum of this journal for three years, and 
 while a young man of twenty, was appointed 
 Principal of the High School at Palatine, Cook 
 County, 111. To the discharge of his new duties 
 he brought a sound scholarship and an earnest, 
 conscientious desire to succeed. If he lacked 
 experience, he had an abundance of enthusiastic 
 devotion for his work. He retained the prin- 
 cipalship for six years, meanwhile reading law 
 in the office of the late Judge Knickerbocker, 
 in Chicago. In 1880 he was admitted to the 
 bar. and in 1881 began practice, his first part- 
 nership being with Judge Williamson. For 
 twenty years his success has steadily become 
 more and more pronounced. Endowed with a 
 keen, penetrating mind, of a judicial quality, he 
 is also a constant and deep student and a pro- 
 found thinker. For several years he was at 
 the head of the firm of Cutting, Castle and 
 Williams, whose reputation at the bar is second 
 to that of none other. 
 
 Judge Cutting has been the recipient of many 
 high honors, professional, public and political. 
 During 1887-90 he was Master in Chancery, for 
 nine years a member of the Cook County Board 
 of Education, for three years being its Presi- 
 dent, and for three years President of the Pala- 
 tine Board of Education. In 1895 he removed 
 from Palatine to Austin, and was at once 
 elected Town Attorney of Cicero. He has been 
 a life-long Republican, casting his first presi- 
 dential vote for Hayes in 1876. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Hamilton and Union League Clubs, 
 and by his forceful arguments and earnest elo- 
 quence upon the stump and the rostrum, has 
 done much to promote Republican success. In 
 1900, without the solicitation or desire on his 
 part, and during his absence from the country, 
 the convention of his party nominated him for 
 the office of Probate Judge of Cook County, and 
 his triumphant election and his re-election to 
 the same position in 1904, demonstrated the 
 firm hold which he has upon the esteem and 
 confidence of the electors of Cook County with- 
 out regard to party affiliation. 
 
 In private life Judge Cutting is genial and 
 whole-souled, a delightful host and always a 
 welcome guest. He Is an Odd Fellow, a Kiiight 
 Templar and a Mason of the thirty-second de- 
 
 gree. He readily wins friends whose regard 
 he easily retains, because founded upon respect. 
 He was married June 27, 1876, to Anna E. 
 Lytle, his only son, Robert M., a graduate of 
 the University of Michigan, is now a law stu- 
 dent in Northwestern University. Judge and 
 Mrs. Cutting are members of the Oaks Social 
 Club of Austin. 
 
 LAWRENCE F. DARLINGTON. 
 
 Lawrence F. Darlington, late Assistant En- 
 gineer, Fourteenth Street Pumping Station, Chi- 
 cago, now Chief Engineer for the Swift & Com- 
 pany Packing Plant, Union Stock Yards, was 
 born in Charleston, W. Va., February 28, 1858, 
 and educated in a subscription school. After 
 leaving school he found employment at Thayer's 
 machine shop, in Charleston, where he worked 
 for three years, learning the trade of engineer, 
 after which he was employed by the S. H. 
 Brown Lumber Company for two years, when 
 he came to Ogle Station, 111., and worked as 
 engineer for a Coal Mining Company for one 
 year. He was then employed by the Kelsau 
 Lumber Company at Vincennes, Ind., for one 
 year, by the Danville (111.) Sugar Refining 
 Company as machinist for three years, and as 
 master mechanic for two years, after which he 
 worked in the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Rail- 
 road shops at Danville one year, and for the 
 Furminigh Sugar Manufacturing Company as 
 master mechanic for two years. Coming to 
 Chicago in 1887, he was chief engineer of the 
 Northwestern Fertilizing Company for six 
 years; then for the John Cudahy Packing Com- 
 pany for two years, the International & Wells 
 Packing & Provision Company for one year, 
 and for Swift & Company for one year, when he 
 was appointed chief engineer for the Sewage 
 Pumping Works at Seventieth Street and Yates 
 Avenue, and later at Sixty-ninth and Peoria 
 Streets. On January 3, 1901, he was appointed 
 assistant engineer at the Fourteenth Street 
 Pumping Works, having received his promo- 
 tional examination under the Civil Service rules 
 and his promotion from the Fourth to the 
 Fifth grade. 
 
 Mr. Darlington was married September 6, 
 1881, to Miss Mary A. Duffy, of Danville, 111., 
 and four children have blessed their union. In 
 1904 he is chief engineer for the Swift & Com- 
 pany Packing plant. Union Stock Yards. 
 
 GEORGE M. DEARLOVE. 
 One by one, the "old settlers" of Chicago, like 
 the veterans of the Grand Army of the Repuli- 
 lic, are passing away. Few are left of the early 
 I)ioneers whose self-privation, toil and courage 
 laid the foundations of the great city, which 
 stands today as a lasting monument to their 
 energy and self-sacrifice. Among those who 
 yet survive to recall the "stories of the olden 
 days" is Mr. George Dearlovp. the father of the 
 gentleman whose name forms the caption of 
 this imperfect biographical sketch. The elder 
 Mr. Dearlove is a native of Harrigate, York- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 863 
 
 shire, England, where he was born in 1817, 
 emigrating to America as a youth at nineteen 
 years of age and settling at Chicago in 1833. 
 In those early days he cultivated a small farm, 
 while at the same time dealing in real estate. 
 Today, at the age of eighty-four, weu preserved 
 in body and with mind unimpaired, he looks 
 back upon the past with pleasant memories and 
 forward to the future without fear. 
 
 George M. Dearlove was born in Northfleld 
 Township, Cook County, March 10, 1873; from 
 the King public school, Chicago, he entered the 
 Northwestern Military Academy at Highland 
 Park, and after graduating from the latter, 
 matriculated at Lake Forest University, receiv- 
 ing his degree in due course and supplementing 
 his studies there by a special course at Mon- 
 mouth College, Monmouth, 111. Two years he 
 devoted to travel in both hemispheres, and at 
 the expiration of that time returned to Chicago 
 to engage in the real-estate business, in which 
 he is yet successfully employed. On November 
 15, 1899, Mr. Dearlove was united in marriage 
 to Miss Nellie Hortense, of Aurora, 111. 
 
 JEPHTHA C. DENISON. 
 
 Jephtha C. Denison, ex-Secretary and Treas- 
 urer, Union Stock Yard and Transit Company 
 and Treasurer Roanoke Investment Company, 
 Chicago, was born in Vermont, and educated 
 in the public schools. In early life he removed 
 to New York State, and in the 'fifties came to 
 Mendota, 111., and from there removed to Elgin, 
 111. Here he enlisted in the Thirty-sixth Illi- 
 nois "Volunteer Infantry and served to the 
 close of the war, a part of the time as hospital 
 steward of the field hospital at Chattanooga, 
 later being detailed for duty in the office of 
 Medical Director at Nashville, Tenn., until, by 
 order of President Lincoln, he was honorably 
 discharged from the service. 
 
 After the war Mr. Denison engaged in the 
 grocery business at Elgin, but, in 1874, came 
 to Chicago and entered the service of the Union 
 Stock Yard & Transit Company, where he 
 worked his way up through every position but 
 one in the general office of the company. He 
 was Assistant Secretary and Treasurer for thir- 
 teen years, on the resignation of George T. 
 Williams becoming Secretary and Treasurer, 
 and retaining this position until his resigna- 
 tion, January 17, 1900, to accept the position of 
 Secretary of the Federal Life Insurance Com- 
 pany of Chicago. At the present time (1904) 
 he is Treasurer of the Roanoke Investment 
 Company. Mr. Denison has the reputation of 
 being one of the best posted men in matters 
 relating to the live-stock trade, and has been 
 identified with various other interests, having 
 been one of the first Directors of the National 
 Live-Stock Bank. He has for many years been 
 President of the Englewood Building & Loan 
 Association. Personally Mr. Denison is genial 
 and courteous, of unswerving loyalty to friends 
 and associates, a man whose word may be 
 absolutely relied upon, and who has done his 
 
 part well towards the upbuilding of Cook 
 County and the various business enterprises 
 with which he has been associated. 
 
 WILLIAM DEERING. 
 
 William Deering, merchant and manufacturer, 
 was born at Paris, Oxford County, Maine, 
 April 24, 1826. His parents were James and 
 Eliza (Moore) Deering. His ancestors immi- 
 grated from England in 1634, and, in all of 
 the histories of New England from that time, 
 the name of Deering finds most honorable men- 
 tion. William Deering's boyhood was much the 
 same as that of other boys reared by earnest 
 Christian parents. His scholastic education 
 consisted of the full and regular course of 
 studies in vogue at that time in the common 
 and graded schools, and was finished in the high 
 school at Readfleld, Maine, in 1843. While yet 
 in his early manhood he occupied the position 
 of manager of a woolen mill in Maine, dis- 
 charging every trust reposed in him to the 
 eminent satisfaction of his employers. After 
 the termination of his labors there he engaged 
 In various business enterprises, to which is 
 largely due his marked genius for handling 
 large manufacturing details. His greatest 
 achievement has been the building up of the 
 works of William Deering & Company, for the 
 manufacture of harvesters and agricultural 
 machinery. The firm was founded in 1870, the 
 name being changed in 1894 to the Deering 
 Harvester Company, but is now the "National 
 Harvester Company," in which Mr. Deering 
 holds the controlling interest. The works are 
 now located in Fullerton Avenue, along the line 
 of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, with 
 docks on the North Branch of the Chicago 
 River. At the present time eighty-five acres 
 are occupied by the plant, which is compactly 
 arranged. The works comprise large wood- 
 working shops, knife and section shops, ma- 
 chine and blacksmith shops, bolt and rivet 
 works, a foundry, a large malleable iron plant, 
 and an extensive twine plant. The works con- 
 sume annually 45,000 tons of steel and a like 
 quantity of pig iron, comprising both Northern 
 and Southern coke-iron. Some 72,000 tons of 
 coal and coke are annually consumed, 4,817,750 
 gallons of oil and 31,000,000 feet of lumber. 
 
 The force employed in the shops is usually 
 7,000 hands, and many of the departments work 
 with regular night shifts, the establishment 
 operating its own electric light plant, which 
 gives it facilities for producing a larger num- 
 ber of machines of all kinds than any other 
 harvester company in the world. It receives a 
 part of its raw material from many foreign 
 countries, including the Philippines, and dis- 
 tributes its products all over the globe. The 
 sales department embraces fifty-eight branch 
 houses and general agencies, and the sales ex- 
 tend over Europe, Australia, New Zealand and 
 South America. Mr. Deering, the founder of 
 this immense plant, continues actively identi- 
 
864 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 fied with its operations, ably assisted by his 
 two sons. Charles and James. 
 
 Mr. Deering has been twice married. His first 
 wife was Miss Abby Barbour, of Maine, daughter 
 of Charles and Joanna (Cobb) Barbour, to 
 whom he was married October 31, 1849. Of this 
 union there was one child, Charles, born in 
 1S52, now Secretary of the Deering Harvester 
 Company. The second marriage, on December 
 15. 1857," was to Miss Clara Hamilton, of Maine, 
 daughter of Charles and Mary (Barbour) Ham 
 ilton. The issue was two children, James and 
 Abby Marion, born in Maine— the former in 
 1859, and the latter 1867. James Deering is the 
 present Treasurer of the Deering Harvester 
 Company. William Deering removed with his 
 family to Evanston, 111., in 1873, where he now 
 resides in his beautiful home. He is liberal, 
 public-spirited and benevolent, and his business 
 career has been noteworthy from the absence 
 of controversies with his employes. He has 
 been, for a number of years, one of the 
 Trustees of the Northwestern University at 
 Evanston, and at the present time is President 
 of the Board. He is also a Director and stock- 
 holder in several financial institutions. One of 
 his latest acts of beneficence was the giving of 
 Fisk Hall to the Northwestern University. 
 
 MILES J. DEVINE. 
 
 Miles J. Devine, lawyer, Chicago, was born 
 in the city where he now resides, November 11, 
 1866. He Is the son of Patrick and Elizabeth 
 (Conway) Devine, both natives of Ireland. His 
 mother was a sister of Rt. Rev. P. J. Conway 
 (deceased), late Vicar-General of the diocese 
 of Chicago. Mr. Devine attended school at the 
 Seminary of St. Francis, at Bay View, Wis,, 
 also the Lake Forest University, 111., and grad- 
 uated at the Niagara University, at Niagara 
 Falls, N. Y., in 1882. He then spent five years 
 on his father's farm, acquiring brawn for his 
 future brain work. He studied law at the Chi- 
 cago College of Law and graduating therefrom 
 in 1890, was admitted to the bar, and formed a 
 law partnership with Jeremiah B. O'Connell. 
 Mr. Devine was appointed Assistant Attorney 
 in 1892 by Carter H. Harrison, Sr., and con- 
 tinued during Hopkins" administration as 
 Mayor and resigned this office the first year of 
 Mayor Swift's term. 
 
 In 1893 he was nominated for State Senator 
 on the Democratic ticket, in a strong Demo- 
 cratic district, but declined. In 1896 Mr. De- 
 vine was nominated for Congress in a district 
 that was so strongly Democratic that a nom- 
 ination was equivalent to election, but, pre- 
 ferring to continue his law practice, he declined 
 this nomination also. 
 
 In 1S97 he was elected City Attorney by the 
 largest majority ever given to a Democrat, 
 served his term of two years and was the only 
 City Attorney to try all his own cases, giving 
 good and general satisfaction. Mr. Devine was 
 Vice-President and Chairman of the Executive 
 Committee of the Cook County Democratic 
 
 Club. Besides being a leading member of the 
 Cook County Democratic Club, he is a member 
 of the Iroquois Club, Knights of Pythias, For- 
 esters and several Irish societies. 
 
 Mr. Devine was born an orator, as, at the 
 early age of fifteen, he stumped the Counties of 
 Lake, McHenry and Boone in Illinois, for Rep- 
 resentative Haines (afterwards Speaker of the 
 House of Representatives), and at this time 
 was known as the "boy orator." 
 
 He and his law firm give special attention to 
 criminal law practice. Besides having the 
 largest personal injury docket of any law firm 
 in Chicago, he has tried no less than twenty- 
 nine cases of murder and did not lose one of 
 them. 
 
 Mr. Devine was married October 25, 1885, 
 to Miss Emma Gamash, in Chicago, and 
 six children have been born to them, viz.: 
 Miles J., Jr., Paul, Leo, Mabel, Carter Harri- 
 son, who died February 10, 1899, and Raymond, 
 born May, 1901. 
 
 WILLIAM H. DICKSON. 
 It is a saying no less true than euphonious, 
 that "the law is a jealous mistress." Yet to 
 those who love and serve her well, no pro- 
 fession holds out hope of richer reward. Suc- 
 cess, however, is usually slow of attainment, 
 and never reached without hard, conscientious 
 work; and to occupy a position of prominence 
 and honor at the Metropolitan Bar at the early 
 age of thirty, is a distinction of which the holder 
 may well feel proud. Mr. William H. Dickson 
 was born in Pittsfield, 111., October 5, 1871, but 
 pursued his professional studies at the law 
 department of the Northwestern University, 
 graduating therefrom. Until February, 1899, he 
 carried on his practice alone, but at that time 
 formed a co-partnership with Mr. John Stirlen, 
 under the firm name of Stirlen & Dickson. As 
 a "trial lawyer" he has already gained an envi- 
 able reputation, and is frequently retained in 
 that capacity by other members of the profes- 
 sion. A cause in which he was engaged, and 
 which attracted wide public attention, was 
 familiarly known as the "X-ray case," being 
 the first action brought for damages sustained 
 by a subject of X-ray photography. In this 
 cause Mr. Dickson recovered a verdict of 
 $10,000. He has a wife and one daughter, hav- 
 ing been married to Miss Winona A. Hoffman, 
 of Chicago, on January 16, 1895. 
 
 WILLIAM T. DICKSON. 
 Comparatively few of the present residents 
 of Chicago can recall the appearance of the in- 
 fant metropolis half a century ago. It was in 
 1851 that Mr. William T. Dickson first visited 
 the city, his trip, with all its attendant circum- 
 stances remaining deeply impressed upon his 
 memory. Born on a farm near Indianola, Ver- 
 milion County, III., he was a mere boy when, 
 in company with H. II. Conover, a youth al)out 
 his own age, he came to Chicago with a (lrov(> 
 of cattle. In those days Illinois had few rail- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 865 
 
 roads, and the "Garden City" could boast a 
 population of but 30,000. The journey and the 
 transaction of their business occupied seven 
 ■weeks. In 1870 Mr. Dickson decided to make 
 Chicago his permanent home. Immediately on 
 coming here he embarked in the live-stock com- 
 mission business at the Union Stock Yards, in 
 partnership with A. B. Condict and Erastus 
 Doty, the firm name being Condict, Doty & 
 Dickson. Since then the style of the firm has 
 undergone several mutations. Condict and 
 Doty were succeeded by J. W: Byers. The firm 
 of Dickson & Byers was dissolved by the re- 
 tirement of Mr. Byers, and was succeeded by 
 Dickson, Harpole & Lott, Mr. Dickson's part- 
 ners being Messrs. William Harpole and James 
 P. Lott. Mr. Harpole withdrew in 1884, and for 
 seven years the business was conducted under 
 the name of Dickson & Lott. Mr. Lott retired 
 in 1901, and the past four years Mr. Dickson has 
 been associated with the Drovers' Commission 
 Company under the firm name of W. T. Dickson 
 & Company. Despite his more than three score 
 years, Mr. Dickson remains hale and vigorous 
 in body and mind alike, a fine specimen of 
 manhood, while his successful career affords a 
 noteworthy illustration of the possibilities that 
 wait upon energy and integrity. 
 
 EDWARD J. DIEHL. 
 Edward J. Diehl, cattle buyer. Union Stock 
 Yards, Chicago, was born in Canal Dover, Ohio, 
 December 15, 1848, was educated in the district 
 school, and when fourteen years of age went 
 with his father with cattle across the moun- 
 tains to Pennsylvania, passing through Car- 
 lisle, Chambersburg and Harrisburg, walking 
 all the way (over 500 miles), and leading the 
 ox at the head of the drove, returning home by 
 rail. He was raised on a farm until he was 
 nineteen years old, when he went to the Cher- 
 okee Nation, Indian Territory, in 1869, remain- 
 ing there two years. In 1871 he came back to 
 Chicago, and worked in a soap factory until 
 1873, when he went to the Union Stock Yards 
 in the employment of Wood Brothers for one 
 year; then shipped cattle for Louis Keefer for 
 one and a half years; for Morris & Waixel for 
 about two years; remained with Nelson Morris 
 three years, and then worked for the Union 
 Stock Yard & Transit Company on a hay wagon 
 for three and a half years, and was with Evans, 
 Snider & Buel three and a half years. Later 
 he shipped cattle for Nelson Morris & Company, 
 and then for the Government Meat Inspector 
 for two and a half years, but a change in the 
 administration knocked him out. He worked 
 for Frazer & Chalmers for four years, and 
 then returned to the Union Stock Yards, where 
 in 1901 he was shipping cattle for Nelson Mor- 
 ris & Company. Mr. Diehl was married in Chi- 
 cago, May 12, 1886, to Miss Christine Morine, 
 and four children have blessed their union. 
 Has done his full share in building up the 
 Union Stock Yards, and is well esteemed by 
 his friends and associates. 
 
 GEORGE H. DIEHL. 
 George H. Diehl, live-stock dealer and in- 
 ventor, was born in Canal Dover, Tuscarawas 
 County, Ohio, March 29, 1837, was educated in 
 the district schools, and when thirteen years 
 old, followed a drove of cattle from Canal 
 Dover, Ohio, to Harrisburg, Pa., riding a black 
 pony which was taught to bite the cattle to 
 hurry them along. The pony lived to be thirty- 
 four years old. When fourteen years old, his 
 father gave him $400 and employed him as a 
 manager of a herd of cattle, which he drove 
 over the mountains from Ohio to Harrisburg,- 
 Pa., and at the age of fifteen, he bought the 
 largest part of a herd of cattle, and superin- 
 tended the driving of them from Ohio to Penn- 
 sylvania, selling them at a good profit. He 
 came to Chicago in 1870, and invented a smoke- 
 burner, which proved a success, selling his 
 patent to a Mr. Hutchinson, who named it the 
 "Hutchinson Smoke-Burner," which was 
 adopted by many of the large manufactories 
 and other buildings. In 1873 he commenced 
 work for Wood Brothers at the Union Stock 
 Yards, and, after one month formed a partner- 
 ship with Richard Nash in handling stock cat- 
 tle, which lasted for seven years. Later he 
 bought and sold live stock, in which he is still 
 engaged. Mr. Diehl was married at Kankakee, 
 111., July 2, 1879, to Miss Jenny Sibley, and 
 five children have been born of this union, of 
 whom two (1901) are living — Harold S., aged 
 sixteen years, and Ethel, aged fourteen. Mrs. 
 Diehl is a niece of the late H. H. Cooley. Here 
 we have another plucky pioneer, who has 
 helped to make the Union Stock Yards a won- 
 derful success. 
 
 ARTHUR DIXON. 
 
 Arthur Dixon is one of Chicago's most re- 
 spected citizens, his private character is one ta 
 be admired and loved and his public record is 
 without a blemish. Throughout his life he has 
 been actuated by pure motives and manly prin- 
 ciples, and, by following a fixed purpose to 
 make the most and best of himself, he has 
 overcome many difficulties and risen, step by 
 step, to a position of influence and honor among 
 public-spirited, high-minded men. 
 
 Mr. Dixon is of Scotch-Irish descent, having 
 been born March 27, 1837, in Fermanagh 
 County, North of Ireland, in the charming rural 
 district of Lough Killygreen, the son of Arthur 
 and Jane (Allen) Dixon. The former was a 
 Scotchman whose father and brother held com- 
 missions in the British army. His father was 
 a man of more than ordinary intelligence, and 
 by occupation was a farmer and a country 
 school teacher. He also practiced with consid- 
 erable success as a country attorney. He had 
 four sons and one daughter, the latter, Eliz- 
 abeth Carson, wife of Thomas Carson of Chi- 
 cago. Mr. Dixon and his sister are the only 
 survivors of the family, and from their father, 
 Arthur Dixon received his early training and 
 inherited many sterling traits of character that 
 
866 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 have signally characterized his life. The mem- 
 ory of Mr. Dixon's parents is held in sacred 
 remembrance by the son, and he never speaks 
 of them except with feelings of the most tender 
 and affectionate regard. 
 
 Arthur Dixon attended the district and na- 
 tional schools during his boyhood, and early 
 developed a fondness for mathematics, logic, 
 history and questions of moral and social eth- 
 ics. He was an apt scholar and read much, took 
 a lively interest in all stirring questions of 
 the day and watched with boyish enthusiasm 
 ■ and delight the progress of events. He loved 
 home and its environments and attended reg- 
 ularly the Episcopal and Methodist Sunday 
 schools and services. The discipline of those 
 early years, and the influence of his surround- 
 ings during the formative period of his char- 
 acter, left an impression that has marked all 
 his subsequent life. 
 
 Mr. Dixon had read glowing reports of the 
 republic across the Atlantic, and early resolved 
 to go thither and seek his fortune, and, when 
 eighteen years old, put his resolution into 
 effect. Going to Philadelphia, Pa., where he 
 had some friends, he remained with them for 
 a time, and on July 4, 1858, went to Pittsburgh 
 and spent three years in the nursery business, 
 learning tree-planting and grafting. 
 
 In 1861 Mr. Dixon began clerking in the gro- 
 cery house of Mr. G. C. Cook, at Chicago, but 
 soon afterwards opened a retail grocery store 
 on his own account, which he conducted with 
 good success some two years. In the spring 
 of 1863 he established a general teaming busi- 
 ness at No. 299 Wells Street, now Fifth Avenue, 
 being led into that line of business by seem- 
 ingly a mere accident. He had been obliged 
 to take a team of horses and wagon in payment 
 of a grocery debt, and with them he began the 
 business, which under his careful and skilful 
 management, has prospered and grown until it 
 is now the largest of its kind west of New 
 York City. Mr. Dixon has been untiring in his 
 vigilance in watching the interests of his 
 patrons, among whom are many for whom he 
 has done business for nearly thirty years. 
 Financially the business has yielded most satis- 
 factory results, and for many years its pro- 
 prietor has been known as one of Chicago's 
 prosperous and thrifty business men. Mr. 
 Dixon has been prominently identified with 
 many public interests, and has been a well- 
 known character in Chicago for thirty years. 
 
 During the War of the Rebellion he was 
 active in response to the calls of President 
 Lincoln in enlisting and equipping men for 
 service. He liecame especially prominent in 
 I860 by the active part he took in the estab- 
 lishment of the flre limits, and in the spring of 
 the following year was elected Alde'man from 
 the Second Ward of the City of Chicago on the 
 8ame ticket with ex-Mayor Rice. From that 
 time until April, 1891, when he voluntarily de- 
 clined to longer remain a member of the City 
 Council, he was re-elected with increased ma- 
 
 jorities, and sometimes without opposition, and 
 has the honor of having served longer than 
 any other Alderman of Chicago. He was often 
 called "The Nestor of the Aldermen." At the 
 close of his incumbency a delegation from the 
 City Council presented him with the following 
 resolutions, richly bound and superbly 
 illumined and engrossed, the volume being 
 prized as one of his richest treasures: 
 
 "At a regular meeting of the City Council of 
 the City of Chicago, held April 27, 1891, the 
 following preamble and resolutions, endorsing 
 the official actions of Alderman Arthur Dixon, 
 were unanimously adopted: 
 
 "WHEREAS, The City Council of the City of 
 Chicago is about to lose the services of its 
 oldest and best-known member through his vol- 
 untary and we hope temporary retirement from 
 the political field of action, 
 
 "Resolved, That we, the colleagues, some of 
 many years, others of short acquaintance, ten- 
 der to Alderman Dixon on this occasion the 
 expression of our heartiest good wishes for his 
 future, and also the expression of our appreci- 
 ation of the loss which the Council and the City 
 sustain through his withdrawal from our muni- 
 cipal legislature; 
 
 "Resolved, That we place on record our con- 
 viction of his great public worth, his zeal for 
 honest and economical government, his sin- 
 cere interest in the cause of the taxpayers, and 
 his undoubted and unquestioned ability in 
 every position assigned to him; and, further, 
 we record the expression of our hope that his 
 zeal, his earnestness and ability may soon be 
 utilized for the public in some new capacity; 
 and, be it further 
 
 "Resolved, That the City Clerk be, and is 
 hereby directed to spread this preamble and 
 the resolutions upon the records of the Council, 
 and to present to Alderman Arthur Dixon a 
 suitably engrossed copy of the same. 
 
 "Hemp. Washuuun, Mayor. 
 "James R. B. Van Cleave, City Clerk." 
 Mr. Dixon has been editorially described in 
 the Chicago papers as "The careful guardian of 
 the City's interests against the assaults of 
 boodlers, corruptionists and monopolists," and 
 was called the watch-dog of the City treasury. 
 In 1874, after a bitter contest, he was chosen 
 President of the City Council, and was re- 
 elected to the same position for six years. He 
 served as chairman of all important committees 
 at various times, and on many occasions was 
 elected unanimously. As a member of the 
 Aldermanic Council Mr. Dixon was a recog- 
 nized leader in debate and a prac'ticed parlia- 
 mentarian under the city charter. He advo- 
 cated, among other important measures, that 
 of the city's owning its own gas plant; high 
 water pressure; the building of sewers by spe- 
 cial assessments; the creation of a public 
 library; the annexation of the suburbs; the 
 building of viaducts over railway crossings; 
 the drainage law; the city's receiving the inter- 
 est on her public funds; extension of the fire 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 867 
 
 limits, etc. He opposed the erection of elevated 
 railroads upon public thoroughfares, and is one 
 of a committee of three favoring a subway 
 connecting Michigan Boulevard with the Lake 
 Shore Drive. He was appointed by the Mayor 
 one of the Executive Committee of arrange- 
 ments for the World's Columbian Exposition, 
 and was also one of the committee that assisted 
 In arranging and passing the ordinance pro- 
 viding for the loan of five million dollars for 
 the Exposition. In April, 1892, he was elected 
 a director of the Exposition, and his services 
 and counsels in that capacity proved invaluable 
 in the prosecution of this enormous enterprise. 
 Mr. Dixon represented the First Senatorial 
 District of Illinois in the Twenty-seventh Gen- 
 eral Assembly, and as a member of that body 
 had charge of measures and rendered services of 
 great value to the City of Chicago. Among the 
 bills introduced by him and passed was that 
 providing for the location of the Chicago Pub- 
 lic Library, providing for the construction of 
 the Drainage Canal, and that authorizing the 
 one mill tax and special assessments. For over 
 twenty years he has been a member of the City 
 and County Republican Central committees, 
 and many times Chairman of the same. In 
 1868 he was the first President of the Irish- 
 Republican convention held in Chicago, and 
 was elected Treasurer of that organization. In 
 1872 he was a prominent candidate for Con- 
 gress, and lacked but a few votes of receiving 
 the nomination. He was a delegate in the 
 National Convention of 1880, which nominated 
 James A. Garfield for the Presidency. In all 
 his public career Mr. Dixon has maintained a 
 character above reproach, and all his actions 
 have been straightforward, business-like and in 
 the interest of good government. 
 
 Mr. Dixon became a member of the Masonic 
 fraternity in 1865, and is now a life member 
 of the Chapter, the Commandery Knights Tem- 
 plar, and holds the 32d degree of the Scottish 
 Rite. He is also a member of the Union 
 League, the La Salle, Hamilton, Irish-American 
 and Sheridan Clubs, and has held official posi- 
 tions in most of them at different times. He 
 has also been President of the Irish Literary 
 Society, and is a man of a literary turn of 
 mind. His library contains the choicest books 
 of the best editions, finely bound and carefully 
 selected, containing a due proportion of re- 
 ligious, scientific, poetic, philosophic and humor- 
 ous volumes. Here, among his silent but elo- 
 quent companions, Arthur Dixon finds the chief 
 charm and pleasure of his life. 
 
 Mr. Dixon was raised in the Episcopal faith, 
 but for many years has been prominently iden- 
 tified with the First Methodist Church of Chi- 
 cago, and is one of the Trustees of that organi- 
 zation. He has always taken an active part 
 in religious work, and, for twenty-five years, 
 has taught a Bible Class of young men in the 
 Sunday school. 
 
 In 1862 Mr. Dixon married Miss Anna Car- 
 son, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and they have had four- 
 
 teen children, thirteen of whom are living. 
 Domestic in his tastes, and home-loving, he 
 finds no place so attractive as his own fireside, 
 and there, in the company of his estimable wife 
 and merry, light-hearted, happy children, passes 
 his happiest hours. 
 
 His personal qualities are of a high order; 
 while firm in his own convictions, he is tolerant 
 of the views of others who differ from him in 
 opinion. He is liberal, broad-minded and chari- 
 table, and in his dealings with his fellow-men, 
 is unselfish, generous and the soul of honor. 
 He is a man of strictly temperate habits, vir- 
 tuous and upright in every relation of life. In 
 a word, Mr. Dixon is a Christian gentleman. 
 He is six feet tall with a well-proportioned 
 physique, of fair complexion and robust health 
 and weighs over two hundred pounds. 
 
 Rev. William Fawcett, D. D., pastor of the 
 First Methodist Church of Chicago, says: "Mr. 
 Arthur Dixon has been a member of the First 
 Methodist Church, in this city, for over thirty 
 years, and the greater part of that time he has 
 held official positions in the church. He is 
 also a Trustee of the great First Church prop- 
 erty, and in the distribution of the funds for 
 the aid of Mission churches many a poor, 
 struggling church has found in Arthur Dixon 
 a friend in need. For many (over twenty- 
 eight) years he has been a teacher of a Bible 
 class in the Sabbath school of the First Church, 
 and from that class and from his instructions 
 men have gone into leading positions in the 
 Methodist Church in Chicago, and through the 
 country. It is not an uncommon thing to find 
 men in all parts of the country who attribute 
 the highest impulse of their lives to the in- 
 struction they received in his Bible class. 
 Perhaps the best evidence of Mr. Dixon's Chris- 
 tian character and influence is found in his 
 own home, where a large family of sons and 
 daughters love him dearly and have the faith 
 of their father by their association and work 
 in the Methodist Church. If, as some one has 
 said, 'the best evidence of a man's Christian 
 character is what his children think of his 
 Christianity,' then is Arthur Dixon an honored 
 Christian." 
 
 H. K. G. DOERMANN. 
 Rev. H. K. G. Doermann, pastor of the First 
 German Lutheran Church, Blue Island, 111., was 
 born at Eden, N. Y., in 1860, the son of Rev. 
 J. H. and Mary (Allwardt) Doermann, both 
 of whom were natives of Germany. The father 
 was educated for the ministry at Ft. Wayne, 
 'ind., and St. Louis, Mo., and in 1857, entered 
 the ministry at Eden, N. Y., where he served 
 four years, when he removed to Chester, 111., 
 and thence to Yorkville, 111., in 1882, becom- 
 ing pastor of the Lutheran Church at Blue 
 Island. At the termination of his pastorship 
 of the church at Blue Island in 1898, he went 
 to Manassas Junction, Va., where he is now 
 preaching in the church which stands on the 
 old battle ground on which the battles of the 
 
868 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 first and second Bull Run were fought in 1861 
 and 1862. The Rev. J. H. Doermann has been 
 in ministeral work for over forty years. He 
 and his wife have had eight children, those 
 besides the subject of the sketch being, J., edu- 
 cated at Fort Wayne, Ind., and now a minister 
 at Washington, D. C; Theodore, of Columbus, 
 Ohio: Martin, a minister in South Chicago; 
 August, teacher in the parochial school at Blue 
 Island, 111.: Minnie, married Rev. Mr. Strason, 
 pastor of a church in Wisconsin; Mary, the 
 wife of Rev. A. Dupper, of Lee's Cross Roads, 
 Ohio, and Clara. 
 
 Rev. H. K. G. Doermann was reared in Illi- 
 nois, but educated at Ft. Wayne, Ind., where 
 he graduated in 1879. when he entered the Lu- 
 theran Theological School at St. Louis, gradu- 
 ating there in the class of 1882. He was or- 
 dained to the ministry on March 5th of the 
 same year, when he became pastor of the church 
 at Ninety-first and Superior Streets, South 
 Chicago, but subsequently removed to Hickory, 
 X. C. where he had charge of a seminary near 
 Asheville for some years, whence, in 1898, he 
 came to Blue Island to assume the pastorship 
 of the Lutheran Church at that place, which 
 he still retains. 
 
 In 1890 Mr. Doermann was married at Mary- 
 ville. Ohio, to Ruth Mead, and of this union 
 have been born three children: Henry, Mary 
 and Paula. 
 
 THE FIRST GERMAN LUTHERAN 
 CHURCH. Blue Island, was organized in 1863 
 with a membership of twenty person. At first, 
 services were held in the home of Peter Engel- 
 land. Rev. A. Renske being the pastor, but dur- 
 ing the same year a church edifice was erected. 
 This was a good stone building with walls three 
 feet in thickness. A parochial school and a 
 parsonage were built in 1873, and the former 
 now has a membership of 13.5 pupils, while the 
 voting church membership numbers about 110. 
 The number of communicants aggregate about 
 one thousand, representing about three hundred 
 families. Rev. Mr. Renske remained in charge 
 of the church from 1863 to 1871. ' Others who 
 have followed successively have been: Rev. H. 
 Ernst, 1871-77; Rev. Durhing, 1877-82; Rev. J. 
 H. Doermann. 1882-98, and from 1898, Rev. H. 
 K. G. Doermann, the present pastor. During 
 the past few years the church has erected a 
 parsonage at a cost, including the lot, of $6,000. 
 
 PATRICK J. DONAHUE. 
 Patrick J. Donahue, Chief of the Eleventh 
 Battalion, Chicago Fire Department, was born 
 in Chicago, August 4, 1856, the son of Patrick 
 and Ellen (Kelcher) Donahue, who were na- 
 tives of Limerick, Ireland. In 1870 the future 
 FiTe Marshal left school to earn a living for 
 himself; was employed for six years at the 
 Cnlon Slock Yards, and for the following two 
 yearH was salesman for the commission firm of 
 Adams & Htish at the Stock Yards. In August, 
 18S1, he Joined the Chicago Fire Department, 
 hecoming a member of Hook and Ladder Com- 
 
 pany No. 9; in 1885 was transferred to Hook 
 and Ladder No. 1; on March 1, 1886, returned to 
 Hook and Ladder No. 9; and on December 1, 
 1888, was promoted to the captaincy on Engine 
 9. He then resumed his connection with Hook 
 and Ladder No. 9 on the Lake Front, where he 
 won a host of friends, who gave a memorable 
 demonstration in his honor when he left them, 
 with a white helmet and the whitest kind of 
 character. He was appointed Chief of the 
 Fifteenth Battalion, Dec. 31, 1895, serving until 
 he was transferred to his present position as 
 Chief of Battalion 11. 
 
 As his rank indicates, Marshal Donahue is 
 a splendid fireman and a sterling citizen. He 
 has had many close calls in his twenty-odd 
 years' experience as a fire-fighter. The closest, 
 perhaps, was at the burning of the clothing 
 establishment at the corner of Franklin and 
 Van Buren Streets, where four firemen — Lieu- 
 tenant Patrick O'Donnell, John Downs, Thomas 
 J. Prendergast and Martin Sherrek, of Engine 
 No. 2 — were instantly killed. Donahue's com- 
 pany was working on the second floor with two 
 others, when the upper floors crushed down 
 and caught the boys of Engine 2. Donahue's 
 quick ear detected the noise of the yielding 
 joists just soon enough to escape. Shouting 
 to his comrades, all of them reached the win- 
 dow, and saved their lives. He and his truck- 
 man rescued McNally, the driver of Engine No. 
 2, from the wreck. At the Langham Hotel 
 fire, corner of Wabash Avenue, in 1885, the 
 south wall of the structure fell upon a two- 
 story brick building, upon which the members 
 of the Fire Patrol were at work. The boys on 
 the second fioor, warned by the cracking of the 
 walls, escaped to the windows. John C. Walsh 
 and Edward Jones were caught on the first 
 floor, however, and killed. Donahue rescued 
 Captain Shepherd and others under the most 
 perilous circumstances, a huge piece of over- 
 hanging wall threatening to bury him at any 
 moment. 
 
 Marshall Donahue was married October 26, 
 1882, to Miss Catharine Cahill of Springfield, 
 111. He is a member of the Knights of Mac- 
 cabees, Independent Order of Foresters, and 
 the Firemen's Benevolent Association; is also 
 a devout member of the St. Charles Parish. 
 No man, in this or any other fire department, 
 has won his honors more worthily or wears 
 them more becomingly than Marshal Donahue. 
 
 FRANK J. DONEGAN. 
 Frank J. Donegan, Lieutenant Hook & Ladder 
 Company No. 12, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born in Chicago, June 9, 1863, and educated in 
 the Dore, Foster and Clark public schools. 
 After leaving school he worked for his father 
 in the teaming business for six years, when he 
 joined the Fire Department, August 3, 1884, 
 as i)ii)eman on Engine No. 1 ; was transferred to 
 Engine No. 8, and to Truck 4, March, 1886; 
 to Engine 31, June, 1886, and to Engine 7, Feb- 
 ruary 11, 1888; was promoted to Lieutenant, 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 869 
 
 February 7, 1891, and assigned to Engine 25; 
 was transferred to Engine 41 (Fire-Boat "Gey- 
 ser"), June 1891; to Engine 66, December 1, 
 1891; to Engine 7, January, 1894, and to Truck 
 12, October 31, 1898, where (1901) he still re- 
 mains on duty. 
 
 Lieutenant Donegan has had many close 
 calls, on one occasion being badly injured by 
 having his collar-bone broken, his head split 
 open and his back severely injured by a fall 
 from the top of a 30-foot ladder at the Weber 
 Wagon-Works fire. He was severely burned at 
 the Northwestern Elevator fire, August 5, 1897; 
 was struck by an electric bar when on Truck 
 12, and laid in the hospital for thi-ee weeks 
 from wounds on his head and back. Lieutenant 
 Donegan is still on duty (1904). He was mar- 
 ried in Chicago, October 19, 1897, to Miss Mary 
 O'Connell and they have had four children. 
 
 WILLIAM DONLAN. 
 William Donlan, Supervising Engineer, Sewer 
 Pumping Station, Chicago, was born in Chicago, 
 October 29, 1868, attended the public grammar 
 and the Englewood High School, and after leav- 
 ing school at fifteen years of age, went as ap- 
 prentice and, later, as assistant engineer at Gil- 
 son's Steam Laundry, remaining there two 
 years. Then he spent one and a half years as 
 engineer at Simpson's Planing Mill, and later 
 (1887) accepted a position as chief engineer of 
 Kelly Brothers' Planing Mill, remaining for ten 
 years until 1897, when he was employed by 
 the City of Chicago as Chief Engineer of the 
 Sixty-ninth Street Sewage Pumping Station 
 until January, 1898. He was then promoted to 
 General Supervising Knpmeer of the Sewerage 
 Department, for which he was certified by the 
 Civil Service Commission, and where he still re- 
 mains (1904). 
 
 JOSEPH H. DONLIN. 
 Joseph H. Donlin, Lieutenant Hook & Ladder 
 Company No. 1, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born in Chicago, March 11, 1869, was educated 
 in the Ogden public school and St. Ignatius 
 College, and after leaving school, was a mer- 
 chandise broker in the grocery trade for four 
 years. Later he served as cashier of the Chi- 
 cago Club four and a half years, until he joined 
 the Fire Department, July 20, 1891, entering 
 upon duty on Truck No. 3, was transferred to 
 Truck No. 10 in July, 1892, to Engine No. 1, in 
 July, 1893, to Truck 6, in 1894; was prom.oted 
 to Lieutenant, July 7, 1895, transferred to Truck 
 4, and to Truck No. 1, July, 1896, where he re- 
 mained several years. In 1904 Lieutenant Donliii 
 is still on duty in connection with Engine Com- 
 pany No. 6. He has had numerous narrow es- 
 capes, but has never received a scratch, al- 
 though he has shown any amount of pluck and 
 bravery. Lieutenant Donlin was married in 
 Chicago, Nov. 5, 1890, to Dora Leonard, and 
 they have two children. 
 
 HENRY W. DORNBUSCH, M.D. 
 Henry W. Dornbusch, physician, DesPlaines, 
 111., was born in 1860, the son of Henry and 
 Sophia Dornbusch. natives of Germany, who 
 emigrated to the United States the same year, 
 but after his birth, at first settling in Han- 
 over Township, Cook County, 111. Dr. Dorn- 
 busch received his primary education in the 
 common schools at Palatine, after which he 
 took a course in Bryant & Stratton's Col- 
 lege in the City of Chicago. In 1880 he 
 entered Rush Medical College, where he 
 graduated, February 20, 1883, and the same 
 year began practice at Barrington, 111., remain- 
 ing until 1888, when he removed to Arlington 
 Heights. Here he practiced until 1890, when he 
 removed to DesPlaines; in 1900 he located at 
 1038 North Forty-second Avenue (Hermosa). 
 Dr. Dornbusch was married at Barrington, 111., 
 in February, 1886, to Elizabeth Zimmerman, 
 born in 1863, and they have two children — 
 Franklin H. and Elizabeth L. He is a Republi- 
 can in politics, and a Catholic in religious faith. 
 
 DANIEL B. DOTSON. 
 Daniel B. Dotson, Engineer, R. A. Waller 
 Electric Lighting Station, Chicago, was born 
 near Oil City, Pa., December 3, 1853, was edu- 
 cated in the public schools, and, after leaving 
 school, worked in a paper-mill at Elkhart, Ind., 
 for three years. He came to Chicago in 1882, 
 and ran an engine for the Empire Warehouse 
 Company two years, after which he worked two 
 years in the electric department of the Western 
 Electric Company. In 1887 he installed the first 
 city electric-lighting station at Clinton and 
 Washington Streets, putting the machinery in 
 place. February 1, 1888, he entered upon his 
 duties as engineer with Frank B. Flynn, now 
 Chief Engineer in charge of all the city light- 
 ing stations, being assigned to the lighting sta- 
 tion at Jefferson and Van Buren Streets, where 
 he remained one year. In 1890 he was appoint- 
 ed Chief Engineer at Chicago Avenue Lighting 
 Station, remaining until 1898, when he met 
 with a severe accident which laid him up for 
 seven months, after which he went to the Rice 
 & Lincoln Streets Lighting Station, as engineer 
 in charge. He was transferred to the R. A. 
 Waller Lighting Station, August 1, 1900, where 
 he still remains in charge of that extensive 
 plant. He has shown by his long service for 
 the city and his steady promotion that he is 
 appreciated by his employers, and is the "right 
 man in the right place." Mr. Dotson was mar- 
 ried to Miss Josie Beck in Chicago, Nov. 5, 
 1884. Mrs. Dotson passed away April 6, 1899. 
 
 LEVI BARNES DOUD. 
 Levi Barnes Doud, ex-President National Live 
 Stock Bank, Chicago, was born on a farm in 
 Mahoning County, Ohio, April 7, 1840. His 
 parents, James and Mary (Barnes) Doud, spent 
 their early years in Canfield, Ohio, but their 
 parents were descended from old colonial set- 
 tlers from Connecticut and Virginia. After 
 
870 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 the completion of Mr. Doud's education at the 
 Salem (Ohio) Academy, he returned to his 
 father's farm, and remained there until 1860, 
 when he began life for himself as a cattle-dealer 
 at Allegheny City. Pa. He was successful in 
 his business venture, but being of an ambitious 
 nature and foreseeing a great future for the 
 live-stock trade in Chicago, he began operations 
 there in 1864. and in the following year there 
 took up his abode. He has been largely con- 
 nected with the cattle interests of Chicago for 
 nearly forty years, and at the present time is 
 the senior member of the firm of Doud & Kee- 
 fer. live-stock commission buyers. He has also 
 been identified with the packing business, but 
 has disposed of that interest. 
 
 For many years Mr. Doud has been interested 
 in various banking institutions, was a stock- 
 holder in the Union Stock Yards Bank, and 
 in January, 1889, was chosen President, retain- 
 ing this position some ten years. He came 
 from a State that has been aptly termed by an 
 eminent historian, "the lap of patriotism and 
 the mother of Republicanism." He has followed 
 in the footsteps of his father, one of the leaders 
 of the anti-slavery movement in Ohio, and is 
 a stanch Republican. 
 
 Mr. Doud was married at Ottumwa, Iowa, 
 December 24, 1874, to Elizabeth R. Dunham, 
 and one daughter, Marian, has blessed this 
 union. Mrs. Doud is a native of Newark, Ohio, 
 and was educated in Chicago. Mr. Doud is a 
 man of domestic tastes, and, when not absorbed 
 in his business, in which he takes a natural and 
 just pride, he finds nowhere else such solid 
 enjoyment as in his own home at .No. 3257 
 Michigan Avenue. During the heated season of 
 each year he seeks recuperation and rest at 
 the sea-shore with his family. Pre-eminently 
 a self-made man, he has attained to a position 
 among Chicago's representative men of which 
 he may be justly proud. He started in life with 
 no capital save health, a persistent purpose 
 and an honorable ambition, and, by persevering 
 effort, uprightness and fidelity, has risen, step 
 by step, to his present position as one of Chi- 
 cago's most prominent and succesful business 
 men. 
 
 WH^LIAM GARY DOW. 
 William C. Dow (deceased), former real- 
 estate operator, Chicago, was born in Boston, 
 Mass., October 24, 1822, the son of Jones and 
 Catherine (Page) Dow. His father was a mer- 
 chant-tailor during his residence in Boston, but 
 later became a farmer near Waterville, Maine, 
 finally removing to Foxboro, Mass., where he 
 lived In retirement until his decease. He was 
 a soldier In the War of 1812, and previous to 
 hlH death, at eighty-nine years of age, was the 
 laKt surviving member of his regiment. He was 
 prominent In the Masonic Fraternity, being a 
 member of the St. Paul I^odge A. F. & A. 
 M., In BoBton. The Dow family was promi 
 nent In various ways In early colonial and New 
 England history, Lorenzo Dow, the famous 
 
 evangelist, and the late Gen. Neal Dow, the 
 champion of Prohibition and a soldier of the 
 Civil War, being descended from branches of 
 the same family. The father of Jones Dow 
 was a Major, and his grandfather a Colonel, 
 in the War of the Revolution. 
 
 William C. Dow, acquired his education in 
 the public schools and, at the age of twelve 
 years, engaged in mercantile life, still later be- 
 coming partner in a store at Waterville, Maine. 
 About 1850 he had charge as supercargo of a 
 vessel loaded with goods for the Bahama 
 Islands, with a view to establishing a line of 
 trade between Boston and the Islands; but hav- 
 ing changed his plans, in 1853 came to the 
 city of Chicago and there engaged in the roof- 
 ing business, which he carried on successfully 
 for a number of years. About 1858-60 he en- 
 tered upon the real-estate business, in which 
 he continued for a period of over forty years. 
 As an evidence of his marked probity of char- 
 acter as a business man, it may be mentioned 
 incidentally that, in the capacity of manager, 
 he had charge of an estate, during the long 
 period of his administration affecting the inter- 
 ests of four generations. 
 
 After the great fire of 1871, his home, having 
 fortunately escaped the ravages of the con- 
 flagration, became a temporary "house of ref- 
 uge" for many homeless citizens and their fam- 
 ilies. Of reserved temperament and innate 
 modesty, he lived a retired and home-loving life, 
 manifesting those traits of character which 
 were most highly appreciated by those who 
 knew him best. He was by nature a genuine 
 optimist; and, while patient under physical 
 suffering, in his domestic life exhibited that 
 sunny, affectionate disposition which has en- 
 deared him in the memories of his family and 
 those brought in most intimate contact with 
 him. 
 
 Besides looking after his large real-estate 
 interests on the North Side, in his later years 
 Mr. Dow devoted his attention largely to the 
 leasing of down-town offices until 1900, after 
 which, on account of failing health, he lived 
 practically retired. 
 
 Mr. Dow was a Unitarian in religious belief, 
 connected with the Unity Church — under the 
 ministration of Rev. Robert Collyer, now of 
 New York — and after the fire of 1871, was a 
 member of the committee chosen to superintend 
 the restoration of the church edifice. The other 
 members of the committee were Nathan Mears, 
 Henry T. Thompson, Thomas L. Wallin and 
 Edward I. Tinkham — all well known and prom- 
 inent citizens of that time. Generous in many 
 ways, but with a strong dislike for mere 
 ostentation, Mr. Dow's acts of benevolence were 
 always performed in private. 
 
 While an ardent Republican in his political 
 convictions, Mr. Dow was not, in the popular 
 sense of the term, a politician, and never held 
 a public office. His political views were of 
 that independent and conscientious character 
 entertained by the man who, unselfishly, de- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 871 
 
 sires to secure the highest degree of welfare for 
 the whole country. 
 
 On May 10, 1865, Mr. Dow was united in 
 mariage to Marietta Adriance, daughter of John 
 and Jane E. (Van Wyck) Adriance, of Fish- 
 kill, N. Y., her family being of old Knicker- 
 bocker stock. One daughter, Jenny — now Mrs. 
 William P. Harvey, of Aurora, 111. — was born 
 of this union. Mr. and Mrs. Harvey have four 
 children: William Dow, Julia Plato, Grace 
 Furness and Joel Demetrius. Mr. Dow died 
 at his home, 473 Orchard Street, Chicago, Octo- 
 ber 13, 1903. Mrs. Dow still survives. 
 
 THOMAS DOWNS. 
 
 Thomas Downs, Supervising Mechanical En- 
 gineer, Chicago Water Service, was born in 
 Belleville, Ontario, Canada, December 25, 1858, 
 attended the public schools, and later Ontario 
 Business College (night department), while 
 serving his time as a machinist in steam-fitting, 
 boiler-work, molding, and different branches of 
 the trades just mentioned. In 1880 he was em- 
 ployed by the Holly Manufacturing Company 
 of Lockport, N. Y., remaining there as gang 
 boss until 1892, being employed in building 
 engines for pumping stations, and traveling 
 and installing engines for the company. Later 
 he was employed by the G. F. Blake & Knowles 
 Company, of Cambridge, Mass., manufacturers 
 of steam-pumping machines, as traveling sales- 
 man and consulting engineer, remaining with 
 them two and a half years. 
 
 In 1895 Mr. Downs entered into the service 
 of the B. R. Worthington Hydraulic Company, 
 remaining until he came to Chicago in Sep- 
 tember, 1897, when, at the solicitation of City 
 Engineer Ericson and L. E. McGann, Commis- 
 sioner of Public Works, he accepted the position 
 of pumping engine expert, and later, under civil 
 service rules, was made Supervising Mechanical 
 Engineer, having charge of the reconstruction 
 of the entire pumping machinery, and the oper- 
 ation and maintenance of the various pumping 
 stations. The position is a very important one, 
 the entire organization having been systema- 
 tized and placed upon a high-grade business 
 basis. During the three years previous to 1901 
 fifty boilers were repaired and reset, and over 
 20,000 pump-valves replaced in the various 
 pumping engines, the machinery generally was 
 overhauled and placed in good working order. 
 Up to that time over $200,000 had been ex- 
 pended in repairing buildings, securing and im- 
 proving grounds and placing machinery in 
 proper condition. In 1899 water was pumped, 
 per foot high, at less cost than ever before 
 since the organization of the Water Depart- 
 ment. By his close attention to this business, 
 Mr. Downs had developed a saving and care 
 in his department that has given the city a 
 better and equalized pressure at a saving of 
 many thousands of dollars to the tax-payers. 
 He was married June 9, 1885, to Miss Ella K. 
 Martin, in Lockport, N. Y., and three children 
 have been born to them, two of whom are now 
 living. 
 
 MICHAEL J. DRISCOLL. 
 Michael J. Driscoll, driver. Engine No. 82, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago, 
 May 1, 1876, was educated in the Scammon 
 School, and then for four years was with Reid, 
 Thompson & Co. (ice cream manufacturers), 
 until March 12, 1900, when he joined the Fire 
 Department and was assigned to Engine 82, 
 as driver. Mr. Driscoll's father, Michael J. 
 Driscoll, was the first pilot of the tug "Alpha," 
 from the time she was launched remaining 
 with her about ten years, and until after she 
 went into the service of the Fire Department 
 on September 5, 1885; later was Captain of the 
 steamboat "Soo City," owned by the Holland 
 & Chicago line, remaining in this position until 
 his death, July 22, 1897. At the present time 
 (1904) Mr. Driscoll still retains his connec- 
 tion with the Fire Department ready for the 
 performance of any duty that may devolve upon 
 him. 
 
 NICHOLAS DUBACH. 
 
 Nicholas Dubach (deceased), late Chief of 
 Tenth Battalion, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born of French ancestry, in Lorraine (then in 
 France but now a part of Germany), October 
 11, 1842; came to Chicago when a boy of eight 
 years and obtained his education in the city 
 schools. After starting in life' struggle he 
 worked for a time in Betcham's and in Abbott 
 & Kingman's planing mills, in the Illinois Cen- 
 tral Car Works, then carried on a cooperage 
 business with James Stevens for five years, 
 and then worked as foreman in the "ham 
 houses" of Gassard & Company and Leland & 
 Mixer. On May 6, 1865, he began his career 
 as a fireman on the engine known as "Long 
 John," receiving subsequent transfers, promo- 
 tions and assignments as follows: to Engine 
 No. 2 (the "Enterprise") in February, 1866; 
 to "Economy," No. 8, June 1, 1867; promoted as 
 foreman of Hook and Ladder Company, No. 4, 
 upon its organization; assigned to Engine No. 
 2, in 1868; and to Engine No. 8, the following 
 year. In 1872 he was promoted to a captaincy, 
 and in 1880 given charge of Engine Company 
 No. 16. He was made Chief of the Tenth Bat- 
 talion on July 1, 1890, holding that post for 
 three years, when failing health compelling 
 him to tender his resignation, he was retired 
 as captain on a pension July 14, 1895. The day 
 following his resignation the men of his bat- 
 talion presented him with a magnificent dia- 
 mond studded watch as a token of their esteem 
 and appreciation of his courage and fidelity. 
 Chief Swenie also presented him with a gold 
 medal; the event was celebrated with much 
 enthusiasm, as shown by the comments of the 
 press at the time. 
 
 During his twenty-eight years of service Cap- 
 tain Dubach met with not a few serious casual- 
 ties, being forced through a sidewalk by a fall- 
 ing chimney on Milwaukee Avenue; carried 
 down with a falling roof on Lake Street, and 
 buried under debris at a fire in the Armour 
 Packing House. He also had many gallant 
 
872 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 rescues to his credit, accomplished at the risk 
 of life and limb. The "great fire" of October, 
 1S71, found him physically exhausted from over- 
 exertion and loss of sleep, through attending 
 two large fires between the Saturday night and 
 Sunday noon preceding. He was about to seek 
 sleep on the night of the memorable Sunday, 
 when the first alarm sounded. His company- 
 Economy Xo. 8 — promptly responded, and was 
 first stationed at the intersection of DeKoven 
 and Jefferson Streets. Thence the engine was 
 ordered to Bohemian Hall on DeKoven Street,, 
 and before the men left that station, the flames 
 had spread over two blocks. They were next 
 sent across the river, with instructions to try 
 to save the gas works on Adams Street, but 
 the intensity of the heat at that point drove 
 them north, first to LaSalle and Madison Streets 
 thence to Washington, and then to Randolph. 
 While standing at this corner the first of a 
 series of explosions occurred in Heath & Mil- 
 ligan's paint works, blowing out the entire front 
 of the building. Had it not been for the gal- 
 lant conduct of Foreman Dubach and his crew 
 at this juncture, in crawling on hands and 
 knees to uncouple the hose from the hydrant, 
 their engine would have been lost. The Wells 
 Street bridge being on fire, the men crossed 
 to the West Division by Lake Street through 
 most intense heat, proceeded south through 
 Halsted to Twelfth Street, whence they made 
 their way to Clark and Polk, only to be 
 driven back by the flames to Taylor Street. 
 There they made a stand, and saved over 
 2,000,000 feet of lumber with one stream. Ter- 
 race Row on Michigan Avenue was next visited, 
 and at this crisis the water works gave out, and 
 Economy No. 8, was one in a line of four 
 steamers to force water from the lake in a 
 futile effort to save engine house No. 10, on 
 State Street. On Tuesday afternoon the com- 
 pany was permitted to take a brief rest at its 
 quarters, but was soon ordered to take its 
 engine to the rear of the Illinois Central round 
 house on Fourteenth Street, and there water 
 was pumped into the mains until the water 
 works had been repaired. Chief Dubach was 
 married in Chicago, in 1866, to Miss Susan 
 Schroeder, and of ten children born to this 
 union four sons, and three daughters are yet 
 living. Ex-Chief Dubach's death occurred Tues- 
 day. March 19, 1901. 
 
 .JOHN F. DUBACH. 
 .John F. Dubach, son of Ex-Chief Nicholas 
 Dubach. and pipeman on Engine No. 16, Chi- 
 cago F'ire Department, was l)orn in Chicago, 
 September 16, 1870, and educated in the Web- 
 ster public and the parochial .schools. After 
 If-avlng school he learned the plumbing trade, 
 at which he worked from 1S87 until he joined 
 thf- Fire Df'partment, December 3, 1894, as pipe- 
 man on Engine 16. During part of that time 
 hf hfld thf position of Acting Lieutenant. He 
 had a narrow escape at the flrc In a bakery at 
 Eighteenth and State Streets. While stand- 
 
 ing on a window-sill the floors above dropped 
 down and he had to slide down the ladder, but 
 escaped without injury. Mr. Dubach was mar- 
 ried to Miss Elsie Marie Nelson, in Chicago, 
 May 8, 1893, and three children have blessed 
 this union. Mr. Dubach was promoted to Lieu- 
 tenant October 31, 1904, on Engine No. 50. 
 
 OSCAR L. DUDLEY. 
 To relieve the distressed, to aid the unfortu- 
 nate, to raise the fallen, to reclaim and rehab- 
 ilitate the vicious — this is a mission in the 
 discharge of which man, even though weak 
 and erring, exhibits a true spark of the Divine 
 nature. To the worker who has consecrated 
 himself to this sublime task, occasional failure 
 is but renewed incentive; ingratitude proves no 
 discouragement; while his richest reward is 
 found in the thoughts of lives redeemed to 
 virtue and society which, without his patient, 
 self-denying effort, might have been passed in 
 idleness or crime, ending in physical and 
 moral ruin. This is the high aim of the Illinois 
 Manual Training School at Glenwood, of which, 
 for seventeen years, Mr. Oscar L. Dudley, has 
 served as the active and eflficient manager. 
 
 Mr. Dudley can boast a long and honored 
 New England lineage; being a direct descendant 
 of Thomas Dudley, who, between 1634 and 1651, 
 was four times Governor of Massachusetts Bay 
 Colony. His grandfather was named Stephen 
 and his father John G. The latter, born in 
 New Hampshire, was married in Vermont to 
 Mary C. Townsend. The son of John G. and 
 Mary C. (Townsend) Dudley was born at Troy, 
 Vt., August 2, 1844, but removed to the North- 
 west at an early age. During the Civil War 
 he served, first in the Sixteenth Wisconsin and 
 after devoting some time to preparing him- 
 self for the work, in 1866 opened the Minne- 
 apolis Business College, which he successfully 
 conducted for several years. In 1873 he came 
 to Chicago to accept the superintendency of the 
 Illinois Humane Society, and in the discharge 
 of the delicate and trying duties connected with 
 this position for fourteen years has exhibited 
 rare fact and devotion. In 1887, chiefly through 
 his efforts and instrumentality, the Glenwood 
 School was founded, and Mr. Dudley was ap- 
 pointed its General Manager. It is not neces- 
 sary to repeat here the familiar tale of the 
 great public good which it has accomplished 
 in giving to homeless and dependent boys a 
 moral and manual training, preparing them to 
 lead the lives of upright men and worthy citi- 
 zens. 
 
 In 1894 Mr. Dudley was elected as a Repub- 
 lican to the Thirty-ninth General Assembly 
 from the Second (Chicago) district, serving one 
 term. He was married, December 20, 1866, to 
 Miss Iy)ulse C. Edmonds, at Evansvllle, Wis. 
 Their only child, William E., died at the age 
 of twenty-four years, shortly after graduation 
 from Rush Medical College. 
 
 ILLINOIS MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOL 
 FARM. — An institution for the training of de- 
 
HISTORICAL El^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 873 
 
 pendent boys, organized under an act of March 
 28, 1895, which was in effect a re-enactment of a 
 statute passed in 1883 and amended in 1885. Its 
 legally defined object is to provide a home and 
 proper training for such boys as may be placed 
 in its charge. Commitments are made by the 
 County Court of Cook and contiguous counties. 
 The school is located at Glenwood, in the 
 county of Cook, 24 miles from Chicago on a 
 rich farm of 300 acres, which was generously 
 donated and deeded to this school in 1889 by 
 Mr. and Mrs. Milton George, of Chicago. The 
 institution was first opened for the reception of 
 inmates at Norwood Park in 1887. Its revenues 
 are derived in part from voluntary contribu- 
 tions, and in part from payment by the counties 
 sending boys to the institution, which payments 
 are fixed by law at $10 per month for each 
 boy during the time he is actually an inmate. 
 In 1898 nearly one-half of the entire income 
 came from the former source, but the surplus 
 remaining in the treasury at the end of any 
 fiscal year is never large. 
 
 The school is under the inspectional control 
 of the State Commissioners of Public Charities, 
 as though it were an institution founded and 
 maintained by the State. The educational cur- 
 riculum closely follows that of the ordinary 
 grammar school, pupils being trained in 
 eight grades, substantially along the line 
 established in the public schools. In addition a 
 military drill is taught with a view to develop- 
 ing physical strength, prompt obedience, and 
 graceful manly carriage. Since the home was 
 organized there have been received (down to 
 1903) 4,112 boys. The industrial training given 
 the inmates is both agricultural and mechani- 
 cal. The institution owning such a good farm 
 and operating well equipped industrial shops 
 for the education of pupils, a fair portion of 
 the boys devote themselves to the learning of 
 trades, and not a few develop into excellent 
 workmen. 
 
 One of the purposes of this school is to secure 
 homes for those thought most likely to prove 
 creditable members of respectable households. 
 As a result of this work there are, today, in 
 every State, graduates from this school who are 
 respected and self-respecting citizens. There 
 are farmers, merchants, contractors and doctors 
 who owe their start in life to the Glenwood 
 School. During the seventeen years of its ex- 
 istence, nearly 2,500 boys have been placed 
 in homes, and usually with the most satis- 
 factory results. The legal safe-guards thrown 
 around the ward are of the comprehensive 
 and binding sort, so far as regards the 
 parties who take children from the institution 
 for either adoption or apprenticeship. The wel- 
 fare of the ward always being the object pri- 
 marily aimed at, adoption is preferred by the 
 administration to institutional life, and the 
 result usually justifies their judgment. Many 
 of the pupils are returned to their families or 
 friends after a mild course of correctional 
 treatment. 
 
 The system of government adopted is analog- 
 ous to that of the cottage plan employed in 
 many reformatory institutions throughout the 
 country. An administration building stands in 
 the center of the group of structures, each 
 of which has its own individual name, viz.: 
 Clancy Hall, Wallace, Plymouth, Beecher, Pope, 
 Windsor, Lincoln, Sunnyside and Sheridan. 
 While never a suppliant for benefactions, the 
 home has always attracted the attention of 
 philanthropists who are interested in the care 
 of society's waifs. The average annual number 
 of inmates has been about 365. 
 
 JOHN FREDERICK EBERHART. LL.D. 
 
 John Frederick Eberhart, A.M., LL.D., has 
 been for nearly fifty years a prominent figure in 
 Illinois and Cook County local history, first as 
 a practical educator and later as a successful 
 real-estate operator. Born in Mercer County, 
 Pa., January 21, 1829, his early boyhood was 
 spent on his father's farm until the age of 
 eight years, when his parents removed to Big 
 Bend, Venango County. Here his time was 
 divided between working on the farm and at- 
 tending school during the winter, until he was 
 sixteen, when he taught his first school, receiv- 
 ing a salary of $8.50 per month while "board- 
 ing round" among the patroijs. During the 
 following summer he took special lessons in 
 writing and drawing, thereby qualifying him- 
 self for teaching penmanship, which proved a 
 valuable aid in later years in working his way 
 through college. After spending several terms 
 at Cottage Hill Academy, at Ellsworth, Ohio, 
 he entered Allegheny College at Meadville, Pa., 
 graduating July 2, 1853. 
 
 While in college Mr. Eberhart supported him- 
 self by giving instruction in penmanship and 
 other branches during the spring and fall vaca- 
 tions, and working in the harvest field during 
 the summer, though compelled to eke out his 
 earnings, during a part of the time, by loans 
 from an older brother, which he subsequently re- 
 paid with interest. Energetic, studious and 
 ambitious, he took a high rank among more 
 than three hundred fellow-pupils, both as a stu- 
 dent and a gymnast, being one of two members 
 of the institution who proved their ability to 
 lift a brass cannon in the arsenal at Meadville 
 weighing 900 pounds. Two days after gradu- 
 ating in 1853, he delivered the Fourth of July 
 oration at Rockland, Pa., winning earnest ap- 
 plause by his oratory from an audience of 
 7,000 persons, mostly old neighbors and friends. 
 On September 1st, following his graduation, he 
 entered upon duty as Principal of the Seminary 
 at Berlin, Somerset County, Pa. Among his 
 pupils were several who afterwards attained 
 wide distinction, including Rev. H. W. Thomas, 
 for many years pastor of the People's Church, 
 Chicago. 
 
 At this time Prof. Eberhart looked upon 
 teaching as his future life-work; but before the 
 close of his second year in the Seminary, acting 
 under the advice of physicians he felt com- 
 
874 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 pelled to resign on account of ill-health. Com- 
 ing west he arrived in Chicago, April 15, 1855, 
 and. after a brief stay, proceeded to Dixon, 111., 
 where he spent the summer, devoting his time 
 to hunting and fishing, with the result that his 
 health was greatly improved, leading him to 
 adopt a custom of spending a certain portion 
 of each season in out-door life. While at Dixon 
 he devoted a portion of his time to editing 
 "The Dixon Transcript," a local political paper; 
 but not finding this occupation to his taste, 
 soon sold out and spent the following winter 
 in delivering courses of lectures, of ten each, 
 chiefly before institutions of learning, on vari- 
 ous scientific subjects, including chemistry, 
 natural philosophy, meteorology and astronomy. 
 Then, after traveling a year in the interest of 
 New York school-book publishers, desiring to 
 re-enter an educational life, he purchased and 
 assumed the publication and editorship of "The 
 Northwestern Home and School Journal" in 
 Chicago, of which he retained the management 
 for three years. During this period he spent 
 much time in lecturing before Teachers' Insti- 
 tutes, many of which he conducted in Illinois 
 and Iowa, besides being employed by Dr. Henry 
 Barnard, then Chancellor of the Wisconsin 
 State University, to conduct Institutes in that 
 State — a work which brought him in intimate 
 contact with many distinguished educators of 
 that time. 
 
 In the fall of 1859 Mr. Eberhart entered upon 
 a new and more important field in educational 
 work, having been elected School Commissioner 
 for Cook County, the title of the office being 
 changed soon after to Superintendent of Schools. 
 This position he continued to fill consecutively 
 for a period of ten years. The duties of the 
 office were onerous and at first inadequately 
 paid, the salary amounting to only two dollars 
 per day; yet he made it a point to visit each 
 school in the county at least once a year. Per- 
 ceiving the want of thoroughly trained teach- 
 ers, he early began the agitation for the estab- 
 lishment of a County Normal School. In this 
 he was finally successful; and the Board of 
 Supervisors having appropriated the necessary 
 funds, the school was opened at Blue Island, 
 in September. 1867, under the principalship of 
 the late Prof. D. S. Wentworth. Two years 
 later the institution was transferred to Engle- 
 wood (now within the city limits of Chicago) 
 and, in September, 1870, it took possession of 
 the Normal School Building especially erected 
 for Its use, and which it still occupies. For 
 nearly seventeen years (from 1883 to 1899) the 
 Institution was under the management of the 
 late Col. Francis W. Parker, who. on his retire- 
 ment In the latter year to take charge of the 
 Chicago Institute, gave place to Prof Arnold 
 Tompkins, who still (1904) retains the posi- 
 tion of Principal. In the fall of 1899 Mr. 
 Eberhart prepared an extended and exhaustive 
 paper on the history of the Cook County Nor- 
 mal Hrhool.. which Is a most valuable contribu- 
 tion to the history of education In Illinois. So 
 
 long as this institution exists it will stand as 
 a monument to his sagacity and foresight as a 
 practical educator and his devotion to the inter- 
 ests which it represents. 
 
 Some of Mr. Eberhart's most important work 
 while identified with the cause of education in 
 Cook County, included his participation in the 
 organization of the Illinois State Teachers' 
 Association, whose annual sessions he attended 
 for seventeen consecutive years; the drafting 
 of the State law authorizing the establishment 
 of County Normal Schools; organization of the 
 State Association of School Superintendents, of 
 which he was the first President; the part 
 which he played in securing the location of the 
 State Normal University at Normal, as a 
 member of the American Institute of In- 
 struction and of the National Teachers' Asso- 
 ciation, of the last of which he was one of 
 the first life-members. He was also actively 
 identified with various other educational and 
 charitable associations, and, while President 
 of the Cook County Board of Education, was 
 an influential factor in securing the intro- 
 duction of kindergarten work in the Cook Coun- 
 ty Normal School and in promoting the estab- 
 lishment of "free kindergartens" in the city. 
 The appreciation of his work as Superintendent 
 is indicated in the fact that, while the salary 
 of the office at the beginning of his term in 
 1859, was only two dollars per day, it had in- 
 creased, ten years later, to $5,000 per year. 
 
 Among those who received their first certifi- 
 cates as teachers from Professor Eberhart dur- 
 ing this period appear such names as Bishop 
 Charles Fowler, Bishop Vincent, the late Miss 
 Frances E. Willard and President Blanchard, 
 of Wheaton College. He was intimately identi- 
 fied in educational work, during this time, with 
 such distinguished educators as Horace Mann, 
 Dr. Newton Bateman, Charles E. Hovey, Dr. 
 Richard Edwards and many more. In his Bi- 
 ennial Report as State Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction for 1867-68, the late Dr. 
 Bateman gave especial credit to Prof. Eberhart 
 and the Board of Supervisors of Cook County, 
 for what had been accomplished in solving the 
 problem of providing competent teachers by the 
 establishment of the Cook County Normal 
 School, of which, after speaking of the school 
 at Blue Island as "the pioneer," Dr. Bateman 
 says: "In thus practically demonstrating the 
 feasibility of this new and most successful 
 mode of increasing the supply of superior teach- 
 ers. Cook County has rendered the State a very 
 eminent service." The Report also contains, 
 in extenso. a report on County Normal Schools 
 read by Prof. Eberhart before the State Associa- 
 tion of County School Superintendents held at 
 Aurora, October 13, 1868. 
 
 At different times during this period. Dr. 
 Eberhart received tenders of important posi- 
 tions, stich as a i)rofessorshlp or the presidency 
 of some of the most i)romlnent educational In- 
 stitutions in the country, but felt compelled to 
 decline in view of the warning he had received 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 875 
 
 through his early experience as a teacher, as 
 to the effects of such confinement upon his 
 health. After twenty-five years spent in pur- 
 suits connected with the cause of education, he 
 turned his attention to operations in real estate 
 in which he has also been quite successful. 
 He was the chief promoter of Norwood Park 
 and Chicago Lawn — until within a few years 
 suburbs, but now part of the City of Chicago 
 — and has handled thousands of lots and acres 
 in Chicago and Cook County, and is today a 
 large land-holder and is out of debt. 
 
 On December 25, 1864, Prof. Eberhart was 
 married to Miss Matilda Charity Miller, daugh- 
 ter of Joseph C. and Mercie H. Miller, who were 
 among Chicago's earliest settlers. She was 
 educated in the schools of Aurora and Chicago, 
 and is a lady of marked talent and literary 
 ability. 
 
 Reared in a religious family, Mr. Eberhart 
 was for years an attendant upon the preaching 
 of Rev. H. W. Thomas, of the People's Church, 
 who was his pupil in the days of his early 
 experience as a teacher in Pennsylvania. He 
 is also President of the Board of Trustees of 
 the People's Church, and Vice-President of the 
 "School of Life," an institutional organization 
 which is an offspring of the church. His 
 creed, as defined by himself, is brief but com- 
 prehensive: "I trust in an All-Wise Creator 
 and Disposer of Events, and 1 believe in the 
 religion of Jesus Christ, as epitomized in His 
 Sermon on the Mount: 'Whatsoever ye would 
 that men should do to you, do ye even so to 
 them; for this is the law and the prophets.' " 
 
 MICHAEL EHRET. 
 Michael Ehret, Captain of Engine No. 4, was 
 born in Chicago, June 9, 1859, and educated in 
 the Kinzie, Ogden, Scammon and Franklin 
 Schools. Later he worked for his father who 
 was a manufacturer of cigar boxes, but in April, 
 1880, at the age of twenty-one years, joined 
 the Fire Department as substitute on Chemical 
 Engine No. 4 and Engine 10; was a candidate 
 on Engine 1; transferred to Chemical 4 and 
 later to Engine 11, being finally promoted to 
 Lieutenant, and on January 1, 1887, to Captain 
 and assigned to Engine No. 32. March 31, 1888, 
 he organized Engine Company No. 42, and was 
 assigned to the captaincy of that company; re- 
 signed November 31, 1888, and went into the 
 grocery business, but finally sold out and was 
 placed in command of Hose Company No. 1, 
 at Garfield Race Track, in 1890. He took charge 
 of the World's Fair Exposition Depot Hotel 
 fire appliances, in January, 1893, and, on July 
 18, 1893, was appointed Captain on Engine No. 
 1 at the World's Fair. On December 11, 1893, 
 lie rejoined the Chicago Fire Department as 
 candidate on Truck 26, was promoted to Lieu- 
 tenant, June 15, 1894; was next transferred to 
 Engine 67; on March 27, 1895, to Engine 26, 
 and on April 5, 1895, to Engine 34; promoted to 
 Captain April 15, 1897. and assigned to Engine 
 21, and, on May 24, 1898, transferred to Engine 
 
 34. In 1904 he is again on duty as Captain on 
 Engine No. 4 
 
 Captain Ehret has had many narrow escapes 
 and close calls; among them being caught 
 among the falling walls at Meyer's Mill and 
 badly bruised; was thrown from the cart in a 
 collison with a grip-car and badly hurt, not to 
 mention numerous other accidents, but like 
 many other brave Chicago firemen, he is hard 
 to kill, and stands ready to answer any call 
 where danger and duty may demand his serv- 
 ice. Captain Ehret was married in Chicago 
 to Annie Keyes, June 11, 1884, and six children 
 have been born to them 
 
 EDWARD C. ENTHOF. 
 Edward C. Enthof, Assistant Engineer on 
 Engine No. 82, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born in Chicago August 26, 1873, and was edu- 
 cated in the Pickard Public School. After 
 leaving school he learned the steam fitting 
 business in 1889, in which he worked until he 
 joined the Fire Department April 1, 1898. 
 Commenced at the repair shop and was assigned 
 to Engine 82, May 7, 1898, where he still re- 
 mains ready for any call that may come. He 
 has had many narrow escapes, but has not been 
 severely injured. 
 
 JOHN E. ERICSON. 
 
 Earnestness of purpose, determined resolu- 
 tion, pluck and perseverance — these are among 
 the recognized characteristics of the Swedish 
 people; and when to these qualities are joined 
 intellect of a high order and a thorough scien- 
 tific education, no obstacle can successfully 
 stand in the way of the aspirant for success. 
 The career of John E. Ericson, who for nearly 
 eight years has been Chicago's able and efficient 
 City Engineer, may well serve as an apt illus- 
 tration. 
 
 Mr. Ericson was born in Upland, Sweden, 
 October 21, 1858, the son of Andrew and Sophia 
 Ericson. A collegiate course was followed by 
 one at the Royal Polytechnic Institute at Stock- 
 holm, from which the young student graduated 
 on April 1, 1880, with distinguished honor. 
 He was at once given an appointment as assis- 
 tant engineer on the Vasa bridge at Stockholm, 
 but a year later, believing that a wider field and 
 better opportunities awaited him in the United 
 States, he crossed the Atlantic. Nor has he been 
 disappointed. In August of the year of his ar- 
 rival he was appointed resident engineer of the 
 Toledo, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad, and 
 the following year (1882) Hopkins & Com- 
 pany, of St. Louis, made him a flattering offer 
 to enter their service as a bridge designer. 
 From June until March, 1883, he was an assist- 
 ant engineer on the Illinois and Michigan 
 Canal. After a trip to Europe he entered the 
 Chicago Municipal Engineering Department, 
 in April, 1884, and since that time his ability 
 and fidelity have resulted in his steady and 
 rapid promotion. From the position of drafts- 
 man he rose to that of assistant engineer, being 
 
876 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 made first engineer on June 1, 1893. In well 
 merited recognition of his skill and integrity, 
 Mayor Harrison, on July 6, 1897, named him 
 City Engineer. In this position he has at- 
 tained an enviable reputation for capability 
 and fidelity, and many of the important works 
 which he has successfully carried to completion 
 will remain as enduring monuments of his 
 engineering skill. Among these may be named 
 the Fifth Avenue approach to the viaduct, as 
 well as the Lake View, North Shore, and Sixty- 
 eighth Street tunnels. The new addition to the 
 water supply system, embracing the Carter H. 
 Harrison, and the Springfield Avenue and Cen- 
 tral Park Pumping Stations were designed and 
 constructed by him. In fact, over fifty per cent, 
 of the present enormous system of water-works 
 of the City of Chicago were constructed under 
 his supervision: also a number of bascule 
 bridges, bearing his name, were designed and 
 constructed under his direction. Meanwhile, Mr. 
 Ericson has also been employed by the city of 
 Seattle, Washington, as Assistant Chief Engin- 
 eer for the location and designing of a new 
 water works there. He is an honored member 
 of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 
 of the Western Society of Engineers, the Scan- 
 dinavian Technical Society of Chicago, of which 
 he was the first President, and the Chicago 
 Academy of Sciences, as well as of the Chicago 
 Athletic Association. He is fond of travel, 
 and besides visiting all sections of the United 
 States, as well as British Columbia and the 
 Hawaiian Islands, he has journeyed extensively 
 through Sweden, Germany, Holland, England 
 and Scotland. 
 
 On July 11, 1858, Mr. Ericson married Miss 
 Inez Malmgren, in Chicago, who died Febru- 
 ary 1, 1893, leaving one daughter, Mildred. 
 On June 30, 1896, he was united to Miss Esther 
 Malmgren, of Chicago, sister of his first wife. 
 
 JOHN J. EVANS. 
 John J. Evans, Captain Engine No. 18, Chi- 
 cago Fire Department, was born in Chicago, 
 March 6. 1856, was educated at the St. John 
 parochial and Haven public schools, and later 
 worked in a planing mill and for a railroad 
 company. December 30, 1880, he joined the 
 Chicago Fire Department as pipeman, and was 
 assigned to Engine No. 6; was next transferred 
 to Engine 1, then to Engine 5; September 1, 
 18S9, was promoted to Lieutenant and assigned 
 to Engine 6; was transferred to Engine No. 18, 
 February 7, 1891; promoted to Captain, July 1, 
 1891, and transferred to Engine 6; then to 
 Engine 5. January 9, 1896, and to Engine 13, 
 January 2, 1899. In 1904 he is on duty on 
 P'ngine No. 18. He has had many narrow es- 
 capf'H from death, one of them resulting from an 
 •'XploHlon at the fire of the Northwestern Ele- 
 vator on August 5. 1897. He was in command 
 of P^nglne 5. and, while blown away from the 
 ••U'vator as the walls fell, was badly injured 
 by the wh<'at being shot Into his lace, eyes and 
 body, compelling his removal to the County 
 
 Hospital. His hands being protected were not 
 burned as were those of a fireman named 
 Hanley. The latter was thought to be less se- 
 verely injured than Captain Evans, but blood- 
 poisoning having set in caused his death from 
 lockjaw a few days after the fire. After re- 
 maining at the hospital two weeks Captain 
 Evans was removed to his home and finally 
 recovered. Captain Evans had another close 
 call at a fire on South Water Street in July, 
 1899, when he received an electric shock from 
 the wires suspended over the stairs. The elec- 
 tric current was attracted by his fire-hat, but 
 the rubber sweat-band acted as a non-conductor, 
 thereby saving his life, although he was thrown 
 down two flights of stairs by the shock. In 
 1889 he fell off the roof of a two-story building 
 and was badly injured, but, after being laid 
 up for two weeks, was on duty again. 
 
 He was married in Chicago, January 27, 1881, 
 and three children have been born to them, two 
 of whom are now living, viz.: Mabel and John. 
 Like his brother Chicago firemen. Captain 
 Evans is ever present at his post of duty ready 
 for any call. 
 
 WILLIAM FALLON. 
 William Fallon (deceased). Veteran Yard- 
 master, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, and Presi- 
 dent of Board of Education, Town of Lake, 
 was born on a farm in Mooers, Clinton County, 
 N. Y., November 17, 1837; was educated in the 
 district schools and worked on his father's 
 farm until he attained his seventeenth year, 
 when he went to Sudbury, Rutland County, 
 Vt., and entered the service of James K. 
 Hyde, the owner of a large summer hotel, 
 which he superintended until 1860. Then, tak- 
 ing Horace Greeley's advice, he came west "to 
 grow up with the country," locating near Fort 
 Dodge, Iowa, with William Hodges, whose inter- 
 ests in conjunction with those of his brother 
 Samuel, he later bought out. In 1862 he came 
 to Chicago and entered the service of John B. 
 Sherman, ex-President of the Union Stock 
 Yards & Transit Company, who was then run- 
 ning the old Myrick Yards at Thirtieth Street 
 and Cottage Grove Avenue. For several years 
 Mr. Fallon had charge of the feeding depart- 
 ment of the yards, and when the Union Stock 
 Yards were opened, he was made Yardmaster 
 of the Northwestern Division, subsequently be- 
 ing promoted to the position of Division Super- 
 intendent, serving until 1886, when he began 
 brick manufactui-ing and contracting. In 1876 
 Mr. Fallon was elected to the old School Board 
 of District No. 2, then comprising the greater 
 part of Lake Township, and served until the 
 annexation of the Town of Lake to Chicago in 
 1889. As President of the Board for many 
 years, he did miu'h toward developing the 
 school system of the town, and the Fallon 
 School, at Wallace and Forty-second Streets, 
 was named after him in appreciation of his 
 valuable services. He was also one of the 
 organizers and, for many years. President of 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 877 
 
 the Free Home Building Loan and Homestead 
 Association, one of the most substantial finan- 
 cial concerns in the Stock Yards District. 
 
 Few men have been more prominently identi- 
 fied with Town of Lake affairs than William 
 Fallon. For many years he took an active 
 part in local politics and in 1884, when Thomas 
 Gahan was elected Supervisor, he refused the 
 nomination which was tantamount to an elec- 
 tion. Mr. Fallon was married in Chicago, in 
 1875, to Miss Mary Jane Haslett, and six chil- 
 dren have been the result of this union. Mr. 
 Fallon passed away at his home. Union Avenue 
 and Forty-fourth Street, July 3, 1897. As one 
 of the pioneers who did his full part towards 
 the development of his section of the country, 
 he was held in high esteem by a large circle of 
 relatives and friends. 
 
 JAMES W. FARRELL. 
 James W. Farrell, live-stock dealer and 
 farmer, was born in County Meath, Ireland, 
 December 7, 1847, the son of Patrick and Cath- 
 arine (Riley) Farrell. He came to America 
 with his parents in 1850, arriving May 1st of 
 that year and settling at Waukegan, 111. After 
 arriving at years of maturity he engaged in 
 farming, and has shipped live-stock to the 
 Union Stock Yards for the past twenty-five 
 years. His father died in 1879, and his mother 
 in 1893. Mr. Farrell has lived in Lake County 
 for fifty years, and has witnessed the growth 
 of Lake and Cook Counties from the condition 
 of a pioneer settlement up to the present time, 
 when the population numbers between two and 
 three million. In his business experience he 
 has withstood all the panics, never having 
 made a failure, and has always paid one hun- 
 dred cents on the dollar. He came to this 
 region before there were any railroads, driv- 
 ing an ox-team to Chicago to secure supplies, 
 later driving his live-stock to the same place 
 to find a market. Mr. Farrell was married 
 June 12, 1877, at Waukegan, 111., to Miss Cath- 
 arine Conley, and they have had seven children, 
 of whom five are now living. 
 
 CHARLES B. FARWELL. 
 Charles Benjamin Farwell, merchant and 
 United States Senator, was born at Painted 
 Post, N. Y., July 1, 1823, the son of Henry and 
 Nancy Farwell, and until twenty years of age, 
 lived with his parents. After passing through 
 the primary schools, he entered the academy 
 at Elmira, N. Y., where he took a course in 
 surveying. In 1838 he came to Illinois with his 
 father, who located upon a farm in Ogle Coun- 
 ty, and there gave his attention for several 
 years alternately to farming and surveying, 
 which out-door exercise gave him, during his 
 growing manhood, the robust constitution which 
 fitted him for the arduous duties of his later 
 life. On January 10, 1844, Mr. Farwell came 
 to Chicago, where he obtained a position as 
 deputy in the office of George R. Davis, County 
 Clerk of Cook County, during a part of the time 
 
 performing the duties of his chief, who was 
 incapacitated for active service by illness. 
 
 Mr. Farwell remained in the County Clerk's 
 office until the spring of 1846, when Capt. J. B. 
 F. Russell offered him a clerkship in his real- 
 estate office, which he accepted. In 1849 he 
 was engaged as corresponding clerk in the bank- 
 ing house of George Smith, and was afterwards 
 promoted to the position of chief teller, re- 
 maining there four years. In 1853 he was 
 elected County Clerk by a large majority over 
 his opponent, Dr. E. S. Kimberly, at the end of 
 his term in 1857, being re-elected, but retiring 
 at the close of his second term in 1861. His 
 administration of the office was marked by abil- 
 ity and efficiency, and while he held it, he reor- 
 ganized the entire system of keeping the county 
 records. For the next six years he devoted 
 himself exclusively to his private business, en- 
 gaging in the real-estate business until 1865, 
 when he purchased an interest in what is now 
 the J. V. Farwell Company, to which he after- 
 ward gave his attention more or less up to the 
 date of his death. In 1867 Governor Oglesby 
 appointed him a member of the first State 
 Board for the Equalization of Taxes, and he 
 bore his part in the preliminary work upon 
 which, as a basis, the operations of all subse- 
 quent Equalization Boards have been conduct- 
 ed. In 1867 he was elected a member of the 
 Board of Supervisors of Cook County, and was 
 made Chairman of the Board. During his term 
 of office the new wings were added to the old 
 court house, which was destroyed by fire in 
 1871. 
 
 In 1870 Mr. Farwell was nominated as the 
 Republican candidate for Congress from the 
 First District and was elected by a majority 
 of 5,300 over his Democratic opponent, was re- 
 elected under a reapportionment for the Third 
 District in 1872, and again a candidate in 1874, 
 received the certificate of election, but a Dem- 
 ocratic majority in the Congress of 1875-76 
 resulted in the seating of his Democratic op- 
 ponent, Mr. Le Moyne, near the close of the ses- 
 sion. In 1880 Mr. Farwell was again a candi- 
 date for Congress and was elected, thus serving 
 in that body three full terms and part of a 
 fourth. In 1887, after the death of United 
 States Senator John A. Logan in December 
 previous, Mr. Farwell was elected to the va- 
 cancy, serving out General Logan's unexpired 
 term of four years. Other prominent political 
 positions held by him include those of Chair- 
 man of the Republican State Central Committee 
 for several years, and delegate to the Repub- 
 lican National Conventions of 1876 and 1888. 
 
 When not engaged in the discharge of offi- 
 cial duties, Mr. Farwell gave his attention to 
 the immense mercantile business of the J. V. 
 Farwell Company, during his latter years being 
 President of the Company. Another enterprise 
 with which he was prominently identified as a 
 member of the J. V. Farwell Company, was the 
 erection of the magnificent State capitol at 
 Austin, Texas, through which the company 
 
878 
 
 HISTORICAL EN'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 came into possession of a vast body of Texas 
 lands, which will go on increasing in value 
 indefinitely. Quiet and unostentatious in man- 
 ner. Mr. Farwell was a liberal promoter of 
 many local charities, and a generous contributor 
 to the support of Lake Forest University, for 
 a number of years serving as President of the 
 Board of Trustees, He was one of the found- 
 ers of the Chicago Club, and a member of the 
 Union League and Commercial Clubs. 
 
 Mr. Farwell was married October 11, 1852, to 
 Miss Mary E. Smith, of South Williamstown, 
 Mass.. and three daughters and one son were 
 born to them. Mr. Farwell's oldest daughter 
 became the wife of Reginald DeKoven; Grace, 
 the second, married Mr. Dudley Winston; and 
 Rose, the youngest, on the day of her gradua- 
 tion from Lake Forest University, became the 
 bride of Hobart Chatfleld Chatfield-Taylor. 
 Walter Farwell, the son, is associated with the ' 
 J. V. Farwell Company, at the present time 
 being Vice-President of the company. Mr. 
 Farwell died at his home at Lake Forest, Sep- 
 tember 23, 1903. 
 
 JOHN VILLIERS FARWELL. 
 
 John V. Farwell, known throughout two con- 
 tinents as a merchant prince and Christian 
 philanthropist, was born in Campbelltown, Steu- 
 ben County, N. Y., July 25, 1825. On the pa- 
 ternal side he traces his ancestry back to 
 Richard Farwell of England, who flourished 
 about 1620, and he is in the eighth generation 
 in lineal descent from Henry Farwell, one 
 of the incorporators of the town of Concord, 
 Mass. In 1838 his father removed from New 
 York to Ogle County, III., bringing his family 
 with him. There the lad passed his boyhood, 
 working hard upon the home farm and in the 
 winter months attending the district school. 
 A brief course at Mount Morris Seminary com- 
 pleted his scholastic training and laid the foun- 
 dation of a good business education. Young 
 Farwell's means were slender, and during his 
 attendance at the seminary he boarded himself. 
 It may be readily believed, therefore, that he 
 fully prized such advantages as he enjoyed, 
 and improved them to the utmost. 
 
 In 1845, being then a mere stripling of 
 twenty years, Mr. Farwell left home to make his 
 own way in the world, his first objective point 
 being the then straggling, struggling, but al- 
 ways ambitious city of Chicago. He arrived 
 there with a cash capital of three dollars and 
 twenty-five cents, but at the same time pos- 
 BesKJng resources more valuable than gold, — 
 good health, keen intelligence, high princii)le 
 an'l resolute purpose. Little did he then dream 
 of the future In store for him in the commer- 
 cial and financial world, or the important part 
 that he was destined to play in Chicago's 
 ••(ononilf and sociological history. He first 
 found employment In the office of the City 
 Clerk at a salary of twelve dollars per month, 
 to which compcnsallon was adfled the i)rlvilege 
 of reporting the mci-ilngH of the Council, for 
 
 which service he was to receive the stipend of 
 two dollars for each report furnished. For- 
 tunately for himself and for the cause of com- 
 merce, his fidelity to truth gave offense to 
 some of the city fathers, and led to his sur- 
 render of his position. For a year thereafter 
 he worked for the dry-goods house of Hamilton 
 & White, his monthly compensation being 
 eight dollars. He next accepted an offer of 
 $250 per annum from Hamlin & Day, and later 
 became a book-keeper for Wadsworth & Phelps, 
 at a salary of fifty dollars per month. In 1851 
 he was admitted into partnership with his 
 employers, the firm at that time doing a busi- 
 ness of $100,000 per annum. Largely through 
 his efforts a large wholesale trade was rapidly 
 built up. The firm passed through various 
 changes until 1865, when the style of the firm 
 became J. V. Farwell & Company, the sales of 
 the house at that time exceeding $10,000,000 
 annually. In 1891 an incorporation was formed 
 under the name of the J. V. Farwell Co. 
 
 The outbreak of the rebellion in 1861 stirred 
 Mr. Farwell's patriotic spirit to its depths. He 
 had already been president of the Young Men's 
 Christian Association for two years, and was 
 then chosen chief executive officer of the Chi- 
 cago branch of the Christian Commission, to 
 whose funds, as well as to those of the San- 
 itary Commission, he was a constant and lib- 
 eral contributor. Being second Vice-President 
 of the Board of Trade at the commencement of 
 the war, he took an especially prominent and 
 active part in the organization of the "First 
 Board of Trade Regiment," which was equipped 
 through private subscriptions at an outlay of 
 $40,000. He was ever a warm and generous 
 friend to the soldiers' families, subscribing lib- 
 erally to every public movement having for its 
 object their maintenance and relief, accom- 
 plishing not a little in the way of unostenta- 
 tious private beneficence. 
 
 Apart from his enormous mercantile busi- 
 ness Mr. Farwell has been identified with other 
 enterprises of great magnitude. Among these 
 may be mentioned the erection of the Texas 
 State House, at Austin. The Farwell Brothers, 
 John V. and Charles B., undertook this great 
 work, in consideration of a grant of 3,000,000 
 acres of land in the famous "Pan-Handle" of 
 that State, and completed the work two years 
 in advance of the time specified in their con- 
 tract. Such an achievement may be rightly 
 called stupendous, when the size and character 
 of the building are considered. It stands in 
 the form of a Greek cross, having an extreme 
 frontage of 600x288 feet, and is constructed of 
 granite and iron. Competent judges have pro- 
 nounced it one of the finest structures of its 
 class on the continent. 
 
 Although singularly well equipped for pub- 
 lic life, and an ardent Repul)lican in politics, 
 Mr. H'arwell has preferred the tran(iuillity of 
 private life to the excitement and turmoil in- 
 sei)arable from ofl^ce. In 1864, however, he 
 enjoyed the distinction of being one of the 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 879 
 
 Presidential Electors who voted for Abraham 
 Lincoln, and in 1869 accepted from President 
 Grant an appointment on the Board of Indian 
 Commissioners. 
 
 Mr. Farwell is a man of deep religious con- 
 victions and earnest Christian life, contribut- 
 ing generously to the cause of evangelical re- 
 ligion, alike of his time, his energy and his 
 means. Denominationally he is a Presbyterian, 
 being a ruling elder in his home church, yet 
 his charity is broad and comprehensive. His 
 interest in the work of the late Dwight L. 
 Moody dates from the commencement of the 
 career of that great evangelist, and between 
 the two men existed a warm personal friend- 
 ship. In fact, it was Mr. Moody who, when a 
 new building was erected for the use and oc- 
 cupancy of the Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion, suggested naming it Farwell Hall, by 
 which cognomen it was known until converted 
 to purposes of trade. 
 
 In private life Mr. Farwell is genial, social 
 and hospitable. He is a member of the Union 
 League Club, of the Chicago Historical Society 
 and of the Art Institute. His home is a beau- 
 tiful one, yet exemplifies his own aversion to 
 ostentatious display. He has been twice mar- 
 ried; first, in 1849, to Miss Abigail G. Taylor, 
 of Ogle County, 111., and three years after her 
 death to Miss Emerette C. Cooley, of Hartford, 
 Conn. The fruit of the first union was one 
 daughter, and of the second a daughter and 
 three sons: John V., Jr., Frank Cooley and 
 Arthur Lincoln. All the sons are connected 
 with the J. V. Farwell Company, John V. being 
 Treasurer and General Manager, Frank C. at the 
 head of the credit department, and Arthur L. 
 connected with the buying branch of the busi- 
 ness. 
 
 MARSHALL FIELD. 
 
 The career of this eminent merchant and 
 capitalist furnishes no exception to the rule 
 that comparatively few of the pre-eminently 
 successful men have achieved their triumph 
 without the spur of early necessity to stim- 
 ulate their efforts. Born in Conway, Mass.. in 
 1835, he passed his boyhood on a farm, and at- 
 tended the country schools and the town 
 academy of half a century ago. He early de- 
 veloped, however, a disposition toward more 
 active pursuits and a closer, broader inter- 
 course with the world than was offered by a 
 life devoted to agriculture. While yet a boy 
 he mahifested a predilection for commerce, and, 
 at the age of seventeen, began his mercantile 
 career as clerk in a dry-goods store at Pitts- 
 field in his native State. It may be safely as- 
 sumed that his first employer was far from 
 perceiving in the raw country lad, whom he 
 received as a junior assistant, the future mil- 
 lionaire and merchant prince of the great West- 
 ern metropolis. 
 
 After four years spent in Pittsfield, Mr. Field 
 determined to try his fortune in what was 
 then regarded as the "Far West." In 1856 he 
 
 made the journey to Chicago, and here first 
 obtained employment with Cooley, Wadsworth 
 & Company, where he exhibited such rare, 
 innate business capability that, in 1860, he was 
 taken into partnership, the style of the firm 
 becoming Cooley, Farwell & Company, which 
 was later changed to Farwell, Field & Company. 
 On the dissolution of the last named firm in 
 1865, the business was carried on by its suc- 
 cessor. Field, Palmer & Leiter. Two years 
 later Mr. Palmer withdrew, and the famous 
 firm of Field, Leiter & Company came into ex- 
 istence in 1867. In 1881 Mr. Leiter severed 
 his connection with this concern, and, for 
 nearly twenty years, Marshall Field & Company 
 has been the style of the firm, a cognomen 
 known and respected in every quarter of the 
 civilized world. Under its present judicious, 
 far-seeing management the business of the 
 house has steadily grown. Before the fire of 
 1871 the volume of sales did not exceed $12,- 
 000,000 annually; it has now reached over $40,- 
 000,000. Such a record is phenomenal, even in 
 a city famed for the rapid growth of its solid, 
 far-reaching commercial enterprises. 
 
 Despite the weighty business cares which have 
 necessarily engrossed much of his time and 
 thought, Mr. Field has found leisure and inclina- 
 tion for the patronage and advancement of many 
 projects looking to the public welfare, at the 
 same time showing rare discrimination in the 
 bestowal of his benefactions. To the Chicago 
 University he has donated a part of its orig- 
 inal site, $100,000 in cash and a tract of land 
 for athletic sports. He is also the founder of 
 the Field Columbian Museum, located in Jack- 
 son Park, Chicago, the removal of which to ex- 
 tensive buildings to be erected on Lake Front 
 Park is contemplated at an early day. It has 
 been through Mr. Field's continued munificence 
 that the Museum has already attained high 
 rank among the scientific institutions of the 
 world. 
 
 In addition to his mercantile enterprise, Mr. 
 Field has other extensive financial interests. 
 He is a director in the Pullman Palace Car Com- 
 pany; the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Rail- 
 way Company; Chicago & Northwestern Rail- 
 road Company, and other important enterprises. 
 
 RICHARD FITZGERALD. 
 Richard Fitzgerald, Vice-President and Gen- 
 eral Manager Chicago Junction Railway, Chi- 
 cago, was born in Xenia, Ohio, in September, 
 1857; was educated in the district and public 
 schools, and after leaving school learned tel- 
 egraphy and came to Chicago, where he en- 
 gaged in business for a time at the Union 
 Stock Yards, later being appointed freight 
 agent for the Chicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 Railway Company, remaining there several 
 years. He then took charge of the railroad 
 transit department of the Union Stock Yards & 
 Transit Company, when it was organized in 
 1893, remaining in that position until January 
 1, 1898, when he was appointed General Super- 
 
88o 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 intendent of the Chicago Junction Railway Com- 
 pany, continuing to serve in that capacity until 
 January 1, 1900, when he was elected Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the company, thus holding the position 
 of Vice-President and General Superintendent 
 at the same time. Although still a young man, 
 Mr. Fitzgerald has obtained his present respon- 
 sible position by close attention to his many 
 duties, and by his friendly and genial tempera- 
 ment has won the esteem and friendship of 
 those with whom he is associated. He was 
 married to Miss Gertrude Newcomer in Shan- 
 non, 111., and two children have blessed this 
 union. 
 
 JOHN FITZPATRICK. 
 John Fitzpatrick, operator Fire Alarm and 
 Police Telegraph, Englewood Station, was born 
 in County Heath, Ireland, March 25, 1849; at- 
 tended the public schools until he was eleven 
 years old, when, in 1860, he commenced work 
 as a messenger boy for the Magnetic Telegraph 
 Company. 43 Wall Street, New York. This 
 company was later united with the New York, 
 Boston & Albany Telegraph Company, and still 
 later with the American Telegraph Company, 
 21 Wall Street. He was the first messenger 
 boy at the old Stock Exchange Building in 1861 
 at Beaver & Williams Streets, until the com- 
 pany was consolidated with the Western Union 
 Telegraph Company, in 1862. During the draft 
 riots of 1863 he worked all night carrying mes- 
 sages; was promoted to operator in 1865, when 
 sixteen years of age, remaining with the com- 
 pany until April 1. 1866, when he came to Chi- 
 cago and worked as telegraph operator, car- 
 accountant, train-dispatcher and assistant 
 train-master for the Chicago & Alton Railroad 
 Company, until December, 1876. He commenced 
 work for the City of Chicago, January 1, 1877, 
 and upon examination was appointed operator 
 at Fire Alarm and Police Telegraph headquar- 
 ters, where he has since remained until trans- 
 ferred to Englewood Station. By close atten- 
 tion to his business and kind, pleasant ways, 
 he has won a host of friends. Mr. Fitzpatrick 
 was married in Chicago. June 21, 1878, to Miss 
 Anastasia Healy. and nine children have blessed 
 their union, seven of whom are now living. 
 
 JAMES W. FITZSIMONS. 
 James W. Fitzsimons, Superintendent of Re- 
 pairs, Police Dei)artment, was born in I^ansing- 
 burg. N. Y., October 7, 1853, came to Chi- 
 cago in June, 1859, and attended the Washing- 
 Ion pulilic school and St. Patrick's Academy. 
 After leaving school he learned the trade of 
 carriage blacksmith with Coen & Ten Broeke, 
 r<-maining with them sixteen years, later or- 
 Kanizing the firm of Wallin & Fitzsimons for 
 the manufacture of carriages and wagons, re- 
 maining in the business twelve years. He was 
 apijoinled Superintendent of Repairs of the Po- 
 lice Deparimcnl, December, 1898. He was a 
 memlx-r of the Thirty-ninth General Assembly 
 In 1894-9.-,. 
 
 He is a member of the Knights of Pythias 
 Lodge, Golden Rule, No. 325, Chief Ranger 
 Marquette Court No. 13, Catholic Foresters, 
 Division No. 11, Ancient Order of Hibernians 
 and Arcon Conclave No. 683, Improved Order 
 of Heptisaphs. Mr. Fitzsimons has been a resi- 
 dent of Chicago for nearly fifty years, and dur- 
 ing all of his business life has been actively 
 engaged in helping to build up the business 
 interests of Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Fitzsimons was married to Miss Mary 
 Sweeney, in Chicago, August 28, 1898. At the 
 present time (1904) Mr. Fitzsimons is a mem- 
 laer of the firm of Wallin & Fitzsimons. 
 
 The first repair shops for the Police Depart- 
 ment (with which Mr. Fitzsimons has been 
 connected) were located on the corner of Un- 
 ion and Eagle Streets, in 1883, and remained 
 there until 1896, when they were removed to 
 the new works located on Ashland, south of 
 Blue Island Avenue, the building having a 
 frontage of 60 feet by 180 feet in depth; steam 
 heat is obtained from the Water-Works repair 
 shop, and the blast from the West Side Pumping 
 Station. All of the buggies, patrol wagons, 
 ambulances. Bridewell omnibus, dog pound 
 wagons and patrol boxes are built, repaired 
 and painted at these works, and all harnesses 
 are made and repaired there, also tin and stone 
 work. Fifty buggies are in constant use by the 
 officials of the Police Department, fifty-two 
 wagons, nine ambulances, three dog pound 
 wagons, one Bridewell omnibus and five supply 
 wagons are in use by the department. The 
 total force required at these works consists of 
 twenty-one men. 
 
 FRANCIS JULIUS FITZWILLIAM. 
 
 Francis J. Fitzwilliam (deceased), soldier 
 and merchant, was born at Bainbridge, Ohio, 
 July 11, 1840. the oldest child of Mr. and Mrs. 
 William M. Fitzwilliam, and a lineal descend- 
 ant of Earl William Wentworth Fitzwilliam 
 of England. His great-grandfather came to 
 America and settled near Washington, Pa., 
 where some of his descendants still reside, 
 while representatives of a later generation set- 
 tled in Ross County, Ohio. The subject of this 
 sketch was early inspired to secure an educa- 
 tion and learn the details of a merchant's busy 
 life like that of his father before him. He at- 
 tended the district school of his native village 
 until about fourteen years of age, when he was 
 sent by his father to assist in establishing a 
 branch store. The skill and cotirage exhibited 
 while still a youth in making long journeys on 
 horseback for the purpose of making collections 
 for his father, gave evidence of traits of char- 
 acter which were manifest in his future life. 
 
 After leaving the district school, Mr. Fitzwil- 
 liam entered Union Academy in his native vil- 
 lage, where he prepared himself for a college 
 course, upon which he entered in 1859 at the 
 Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. In com- 
 mon with multitudes of the young men of the 
 time he left college in 1861 to enter upon the 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 more arduous duties of a soldier, enlisting and 
 being mustered in Company G, Thirty-third 
 Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which 
 he became First Lieutenant, under command of 
 Colonel Sill. During the previous winter and 
 spring he had been undergoing the process of 
 drilling as a member of the "Olentangy Grays," 
 made up of college students organized with a 
 view to training for the soldier life, which 
 eventually came to nearly all the members of 
 the organization. Mr. Fitzwilliam continued 
 to discharge the duties of First Lieutenant of 
 his company until honorably discharged, Octo- 
 ber 15, 1864, after serving the full period of his 
 enlistment of three years. On March 15, 1864, 
 he was tendered promotion to a captaincy, but 
 declined to be mustered in under commission 
 as such, for the reason that it would have 
 bound him to the service for another "three 
 years or during the war." 
 
 Early in 1862 the Thirty-third Ohio crossed 
 the Ohio River at Maysville, Ky., and uniting 
 with the Forty-second Ohio, then under com- 
 mand of Col. James A. Garfield, joined in the 
 memorable campaign under General Nelson 
 against Humphrey Marshall, who, at the head 
 of a rebel force, had entered Eastern Ken- 
 tucky through the Cumberland Mountains and 
 was devastating that portion of the State. 
 Marching by way of Flemingsburg, the Thirty- 
 third met the main command at Prestonburg. 
 Marshall was defeated and driven out of Ken- 
 tucky, soon after which the Thirty-third Ohio 
 descended the Big Sandy and, at its mouth, 
 took transports down the Ohio to Louisville, 
 where it became a part of the division under 
 command of Gen. O. M. Mitchell of the Army of 
 the Ohio. On the reorganization of the army, 
 the Thirty-third Ohio was attached to the First 
 Brigade, First Division of the Fourteenth Army 
 Corps, so remaining, it is believed, during the 
 entire period of Lieutenant Fitzwilliam's serv- 
 ice. Among the various battles, sieges and cam- 
 paigns in which he and his command partici- 
 pated may be mentioned the following: Bridge- 
 port and Fort McCook, Ala.; Perryville, Stone 
 River and Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Lookout 
 Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, 
 Buzzard's Roost, Dug Gap, Resaca, Cassville, 
 New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach 
 Tree Creek, Siege of Atlanta and Jonesboro. In 
 all of these he not only took part in obedience 
 to orders, but won the commendation of his 
 superiors and the love and esteem of his com- 
 panions in arms. 
 
 Captain Fitzwilliam was a charming narrator 
 of interesting events and scenes connected with 
 his army life, drawing pictures so vivid and 
 inspiring, that even those without actual ex- 
 perience in war were wont to feel as if they 
 were in the field with him. It was one of his 
 greatest pleasures to turn aside from the duties 
 and responsibilities of business and join his 
 former comrades in recalling reminiscences of 
 the war period and commemorating, in the 
 State and National Encampments, the deeds 
 
 and patriotism of their associates in arms. In 
 a memorandum, filed with the George H. 
 Thomas Post, G. A. R., after coming to Chi- 
 cago, Captain Fitzwilliam makes mention of a 
 number of events connected with his army 
 life, including the pursuit under General Nel- 
 son of Humphrey Marshall through the Moun- 
 tains of Eastern Kentucky; of the union, as a 
 part of Gen O. M. Mitchell's Division, with the 
 Army of the Ohio under command of General 
 Buell; of the capture of Huntsville, Ala., in 
 April, 1862, which resulted in securing control 
 of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad, thereby 
 cutting off recruits from reaching Beauregard's 
 army at Shiloh; of the lively experience of his 
 command in defense of Fort McCook, overlook- 
 ing the Sequatchie Valley, and the race with 
 General Bragg into Kentucky. After the reor- 
 ganization of the Army of the Ohio at Louis- 
 ville. Captain Fitzwilliam served for a time as 
 Aid-de-Camp and Assistant Adjutant-General on 
 the staff of Col. L. A. Harris, of the Second 
 Ohio, as Acting Brigadier-General, and held this 
 position during the battles of Perryville and 
 Stone River; and also had the unique experi- 
 ence of taking part in the battle of Lookout 
 Mountain and the assault on Missionary Ridge. 
 
 After retiring from military service. Captain 
 Fitzwilliam decided to re-enter mercantile life, 
 locating at Bloomington, 111., in 1866, where he 
 established what was then the largest dry-goods 
 house in Central Illinois, under the firm name 
 of Fitzwilliam & Sons. In 1892, having sold out 
 this establishment, he organized the National 
 Home Building & Loan Association of Bloom- 
 ington, of which he became President and 
 which, under his administration, became the 
 largest financial association of its kind in the 
 State. In January, 1896, he resigned the Presi- 
 dency of this association with a view to enter- 
 ing upon the quiet of a retired life, which he 
 had so richly earned. 
 
 In 1866 Captain Fitzwilliam married Miss 
 Lucretia Mott Read, of New London, Ohio, a 
 most estimable woman, who died April 23, 1893. 
 Of this union were born two sons and two 
 daughters. On June 23, 1896, he married Miss 
 Sarah E. Raymond, of Boston, Mass., who had 
 previously been Superintendent of Schools for 
 the City of Bloomington, — a position which she 
 held for eighteen consecutive years, and, being 
 the first City Superintendent of Schools in the 
 United States. 
 
 During his residence in Bloomington, Cap- 
 tain Fitzwilliam was a member of the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Church /or nearly twenty years, 
 was Superintendent of its Sabbath school for 
 fourteen years, and contributed liberally, but 
 never ostentatiously, to the support of the 
 church and charitable objects. He founded a 
 mission church in honor of his deceased wife, 
 which was named the "Lucretia Chapel," which 
 still stands as a worthy monument, not only 
 to the revered woman in whose memory it was 
 erected, but of the practical Christian life 
 of its founder. A brave soldier, a successful 
 
882 
 
 HISTOEICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 business man, a loving father and a good citi- 
 zen, in the truest sense of the word, he lived 
 the life which he professed. Always courte- 
 ous and genial, he made all who came within 
 his magnetic influence feel that he was a man 
 to be implicitly trusted and respected. 
 
 In April. 1897. Mr. and Mrs. Fitzwilliam re- 
 moved to the City of Chicago, taking up their 
 residence on Yincennes Avenue, where they 
 identified themselves with the social, religious 
 and intellectual interests surrounding them, 
 and established a home which became an at- 
 tractive center for lovers of art and the culti- 
 vated and refined of the community. In Chi- 
 cago Captain Fitzwilliam became a member of 
 the George H. Thomas Post, G. A. R. ; the 
 Loyal Legion, composed of commissioned of- 
 ficers of the Civil War; Kenwood Social Club, 
 the Ellessly Golf Club and the Hyde Park Bap- 
 aist Church. Here they had looked forward to 
 a period of quiet leisure and happy content- 
 ment in each other's society before age should 
 bring on its added burdens. These bright an- 
 ticipations were doomed to disappointment, 
 however, for on December 23, 1899, Captain' 
 Fitzwilliam passed away, leaving behind him 
 the memory of a devoted father, a faithful hus- 
 band and a true patriot. Peacefully, honorably, 
 he met and discharged all life's duties; hon- 
 ored and beloved he passed away sincerely 
 mourned by all who knew him. 
 
 HENRY FLENTGE. 
 Henry Flentge. section railway foreman, Des 
 Plaines, 111., was born in Germany in 1842, but 
 came to America in boyhood and was educated 
 in DesPlaines, Cook County, 111. At the age 
 of seventeen years he entered into the employ- 
 ment of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad 
 Company, and has been foreman of the Des- 
 Plaines section for a period of thirty-seven 
 years, being one of the oldest employes in the 
 service of that company. His long service is an 
 evidence of the estimation in which he is held 
 as an employe and a man, by one of the oldest 
 and most important railway companies in the 
 West. By dint of industry and economy he 
 has built and paid for a handsome home on 
 the corner of DesPlaines Avenue and Miner 
 Street, DesPlaines. In 1869 Mr. Flentge was 
 married to Augusta Hilderbrandt of Elk Grove, 
 III., and has seven children: Hattie, Gertie, 
 Clara. Mamie, Elsie, Katie and Artie. He is a 
 Lutheran in religious belief and a Republican 
 in politics. 
 
 FRANK B; FLYNN. 
 Frank B. Flynn, Chief Engineer, Department 
 of Electricity, Chicago, was born in Maiden, 
 Mass., December 2."), 18.">3, and came to Chicago, 
 April 1.^, 18').">, which was the day after Abra- 
 ham IJncoln'H death by assassination. Here 
 he attended the KInzie public school for two 
 years, then learned his trade with Crane Broth- 
 ers, after which he was employed by them, 
 remaining In all aeven years. From January, 
 
 1872, he worked for Owens Brothers for one and 
 a half years, until he joined the Chicago Fire 
 Department, in March, 1874, on Engine No. 13; 
 in August, 1874, was promoted to Assistant En- 
 gineer, remaining five years, when he was pro- 
 moted to Engineer and assigned to Engine 30; 
 in 1880 was transferred to Engine 4, remaining 
 four years; was then transferred to Engine 27, 
 remaining two years, when he resigned and 
 went into the employ of Prof. John B. Barrett, 
 starting the first electric street lighting sys- 
 tem ever owned by the City of Chicago. Until 
 July, 1897, each system had a Chief Engineer 
 and, at that time, Mr. Flynn was appointed 
 Chief Engineer of the Department of Electricity 
 — those in charge of the stations being called 
 Engineers. Mr. Flynn still retains this im- 
 portant position, and has the confidence of his 
 employers and associates. He was a charter 
 member of the Robert Fulton Association, No. 
 28, National Association of Engineers, of which 
 he was President for two years. He was mar- 
 ried in Chicago, June 19, 1878, to Miss Margaret 
 A. Gorman. 
 
 JOHN FORTUNE. 
 
 To the patient toil, dauntless courage and un- 
 wavering faith of her early pioneers, Chicago 
 owes a debt which only the historian of the 
 future can rightly gauge. For decade after de- 
 cade these brave men worked on and on, stand- 
 ing shoulder to shoulder, to face and over- 
 come unforeseen obstacles, sublimely confident 
 that the city which they were building with so 
 much love and care would some day become the 
 metropolis of which they but imperfectly 
 dreamed. To quote from Dr. Hale: "They 
 looked forward, and not back; up, and not 
 down; and lent a hand." To this class, now 
 rapidly passing away, belonged Mr. John For- 
 tune (now deceased), the wealthy brewer who 
 came to the young straggling, struggling 
 municipality in 1849. His confidence in the 
 future never faltered, and, after half a cen- 
 tury, he had the joy of realizing that his faith 
 in Chicago's future was not misplaced. Always 
 generous and public-spirited in his younger 
 days, he bore his full share of the public bur- 
 den and contributed his full quota toward the 
 civic needs. 
 
 Mr. Fortune was born in County Wexford, 
 Ireland, in 1828, a year made memorable by the 
 election of Daniel O'Connell to the British Par- 
 liament, being the first Roman Catholic to sit 
 in that body since the days of James II., and 
 his election paving the way for Catholic eman- 
 cipation. This was an issue in which Mr. For- 
 tune took a deep interest; and it was not with- 
 out some lingering regret that, in 1845, as an 
 American emigrant, he saw the shores of his 
 native land fade away in the distance. After 
 four years spent in Alexandria, Va., he came to 
 Chicago, where he succeeded well at his trade 
 as a house carpenter. In ISGG he joined his 
 younger brother, Peter, in opening a brewery, 
 and the story of their business success is told 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 883 
 
 in the biography of his brother, on another 
 page. For years he held the position of Vice- 
 President of the company. 
 
 Mr. Fortune's wife's maiden name was Anas- 
 tasia Dwyer, to whom he was married in 1871, 
 and they became the parents of two sons: Wil- 
 liam J. and Thomas F. Both are connected with 
 the Fortune Brothers' Brewing Company, the 
 latter as Vice-President and the former holding 
 the position of Secretary of the company. 
 
 Mr. John Fortune entered into rest June 15, 
 1900, and sleeps in Calvary Cemetery. Some 
 idea of the genuine and general appreciation 
 felt by his fellow citizens for his worth as a 
 friend, a citizen and a man, may be gathered 
 from the fact that his funeral cortege was the 
 largest ever seen in the West Division of the 
 city, with the exception of that of the Hon. 
 Carter H. Harrison, Sr. 
 
 PETER FORTUNE. 
 
 Among the great commercial and industrial 
 enterprises of Chicago which have materially 
 aided in her up-building, the vast brewing inter- 
 ests of the city should not be overlooked. The 
 great Central West and Northwest count among 
 their citizens hundreds of thousands of the 
 sons and daughters of the Rhineland and of 
 far-off Scandinavia, who esteem the foaming 
 mug of King Gambrinus as one of the neces- 
 sities, rather than one of the luxuries, of life. 
 The enormous output of the Chicago breweries 
 finds a ready outlet, while its quality is second 
 to none. Among the best known of these is 
 that of the Fortune Brothers' Brewing Com- 
 pany, at the head of which stands its President, 
 Mr. Peter Fortune. 
 
 Born in Ferns, County Wexford, Ireland, in 
 1834, the son of John Fortune and Dora Gea- 
 han, his wife, he came to America in 1854. 
 Going south from New York, he visited Phila- 
 delphia, Baltimore and Washington, and after 
 spending a short time in Virginia, finally set- 
 tled in Chicago in 1855. For a year he worked 
 in the freight department of the Chicago & 
 Northwestern Railway Company, and then 
 opened a grocery and liquor store at the corner 
 of Polk and Desplaines Streets, subsequently 
 moving to Desplaines and Harrison. In 1866, 
 in connection with his brother John, he estab- 
 lished a small brewery, where at first ale and 
 porter were brewed. Later lager beer was sub- 
 stituted for ale, to the great benefit of the busi- 
 ness. In 1876 incorporation was secured, Mr. 
 Fortune becoming President and his brother 
 John, Vice-President. The business has steadily 
 grown until the present annual sales exceed 
 90,000 barrels. To the management of this 
 great business he devotes all his time and en- 
 ergies, no detail escaping his watchful eye. 
 
 With one exception, Mr. Fortune has per- 
 sistently refused all overtures looking to his 
 acceptance of public office, the management of 
 his large personal interests forbidding. In 
 1886-88, however, he served one term as a Com- 
 missioner of Cook County. 
 
 His three-score years and ten sit but lightly 
 upon his shoulders. Alert and vigorous in both 
 physical and mental constitution, he seems to 
 be promised yet many years in which to enjoy 
 the fruits of a long life of industry and integ- 
 rity. He was married at Rockford, 111., in Au- 
 gust, 1874, to Mary Agatha Lacey, the issue of 
 the marriage having been Joanna Fortune and 
 John Leo Fortune. 
 
 GEORGE MARSHALL FOX, M. D. 
 
 Dr. George Marshall Fox, La Grange, 111., 
 was born in Wallingford, Rutland County, Vt., 
 of early English and Revolutionary ancestry, 
 the founder of the American branch of nis fam- 
 ily being Thomas Fox, who came to America 
 from England about 1835, and settled at Cam- 
 bridgeport, Mass. Until his sixteenth year the 
 subject of this sketch worked on his father's 
 farm, attending school during the winter 
 months, when he spent some two years in Burr 
 Seminary. In his eighteenth year he began 
 the study of medicine with his uncle. Dr. John 
 Fox, of Wallingford, completing a regular 
 course at the Medical College at Castleton, Vt., 
 in 1851. This institution was later merged with 
 the Vermont University at Burlington, Vt., 
 of which it now constitutes a part. 
 
 Having received his degree in medicine in 
 1851, in September of that year Dr. Fox came 
 to Illinois and located at what was then known 
 as Brush Hill, now Fullersburg, Dupage County, 
 whither he was followed by his father's family 
 the next spring, and where he at once engaged 
 in active practice. The only other resident 
 physician of this locality dying soon after 
 Dr. Fox's arrival, left the latter a large field 
 for professional work. The country being but 
 sparsely settled, compelled the physician of that 
 day to take long rides, and the territory cov- 
 ered was a large one. This imposed upon Dr. 
 Fox a severe burden at times, but was a part 
 of the training to which the physicians of that 
 period were accustomed, and which assisted in 
 the development of that sturdy character for 
 which many of them were noted. 
 
 In 1864 Dr. Fox was appointed Physician in 
 charge of tlie Cook County Aims-House and 
 Insane Asylum, which then contained about 
 700 patients, and where, for the next two years, 
 he had sole charge, besides attending to a large 
 private practice. Soon after the Civil War, in 
 connection with his brother Jarvis, he erected 
 the Riverside flour mills at Lyons, Cook County, 
 which they operated for about five years, when 
 his brother having removed to Colorado, Dr. 
 Fox gave his attention exclusively to his pro- 
 fession. In 1875 he removed to La Grange, his 
 present place of residence, where he continued 
 in active practice until 1894, since when he has 
 been partially retired, though devoting a part 
 of his time to professional work. Since the 
 death of the late Dr. N. S. Davis, Dr. Fox ranks 
 as the physician having had the longest prac- 
 tice in Cook County. 
 
884 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Dr. Fox was married In 1857 to Miss Harriet 
 Frances White, and two years later removed to 
 Lyons, where his wife died, leaving two chil- 
 dren: Harriet Elizabeth and Mary Frances. 
 In 1863 he married as his second wife Jane 
 Michie, whose parents were among the first 
 settlers in Lyons Township. The second Mrs. 
 Fox died in La Grange in 1894, leaving a 
 family of six children: George Marshall, Mar- 
 garet Amy, Jane, Laura. Jessie and Charles 
 Marvin, Dr. Fox has a delightful home in La 
 Grange, where he is spending the evening of 
 his days in deserved quiet and in the enjoyment 
 of the society of a large circle of friends. 
 
 WILLIAM H. FRIES. 
 
 Wiliam H. Fries, "Pioneer" Fireman and 
 Pipeman. Engine 56, Chicago Fire Department, 
 was born in Bavaria, Germany, April 1, 1843, 
 and came to America with his parents February 
 24, 1844. It took ninety-five days to make the 
 voyage to New York. After landing there they 
 came direct to Chicago. Here the subject of 
 this sketch attended the Jones and Dearborn 
 public schools, and after leaving school engaged 
 in the painting business and later became a 
 train boy on the Illinois Central Railroad be- 
 tween Chicago and Cairo. He enlisted in the 
 Fifty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Feb- 
 ruary 11, 1862, and was discharged at the ex- 
 piration of service, February 12, 1865. During 
 the period of his service he took part in various 
 battles from that at Fort Donelson all along 
 the line to Nashville, Tenn. Returning to Chi- 
 cago he turned the Erie Street float from April, 
 1865. until he joined the Fire Department, April 
 1, 1866, on the "Island Queen" (Engine No. 4) ; 
 as pipeman, was transferred to Engine No. 11, 
 December 31, 1866; to Engine 4, July 1867; to 
 Truck 1, January 1, 1868; and promoted to 
 Assistant Foreman July 1, 1869, after which he 
 was assigned to Truck 3. 
 
 At the fire of October 7, 1871, Mr. Fries went 
 to Kaempfer's bird store, and from there to 
 Bateham's mill, working all night and until the 
 afternoon of October 8. He was called out 
 about 8 o'clock in the evening to the corner 
 of DeKoven and Desplaines Streets, and was 
 driven back little by little, until Lincoln Park 
 was reached on Wednesday. He went from 
 there to engine house No. 3, later went to Mich- 
 igan Avenue near Harrison Street to stop the 
 fire from spreading. He was transferred to 
 Engine 22 as assistant fireman in 1884; to En- 
 gine 20 in 1886; to Truck 3, remaining until 
 1SS7: was next transferred to Engine 30, re- 
 maining until 1891, and later to Truck 21, until 
 his transfer to Engine 56 in 1893, where he still 
 remains ready for any call. 
 
 Mr. Fries was married in Chicago, August 28, 
 1871, to Rosy Schermer, and nine children 
 have been born to Ihem, six of whom are now 
 living. 
 
 IRA W. FRYE. 
 Ira W. Frye, Town Clerk, Palatine, Cook 
 
 County, 111., was born in the Town of Bombay, 
 Franklin County, N. Y., in 1840, the son of 
 Abiel and Sarah Frye, and came to Palatine in 
 1869, where he is now conducting a livery busi- 
 ness. On July 3, 1866, he was married in the 
 city of Chicago, to Mary Lewis, and has a 
 family of three children, named Fred H., Alma 
 R. and Charles L. Mr. Frye is a Republican 
 in politics, and was elected Town Clerk of Pal- 
 atine Township in 1883, a position which he 
 continued to hold until 1892, when he was 
 elected Collector of Palatine Township, which 
 position he still retains. 
 
 JOHN J. FUREY. 
 John J. Furey, Engineer of Engine 10, Chi- 
 cago Fire Department, was born in Janesville, 
 Wis., May 1, 1861, and was educated in the pub- 
 lic and Catholic schools. After leaving school 
 he came to Chicago and commenced work for 
 the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company 
 as fireman and, after five years, was promoted 
 to engineer, serving in that capacity for eight 
 years. He joined the Chicago Fire Department 
 December 31, 1895, on Engine No. 1, was trans- 
 ferred to Engine 32, and went as candidate on 
 Engine 19, in March 1896; was promoted to 
 Engineer and assigned to Engine 74, October 9, 
 1897; transferred to Engine 62, March, 1899; 
 and to Engine 10, July, 1899. He has never 
 been seriously injured, but is always prompt to 
 respond to any call to duty. 
 
 GEORGE H. FURNALD. 
 George H. Furnald, Captain of Fire Insurance 
 Patrol No. 6, was born October 27, 1850, at 
 Lowell, Mass; came to Chicago in May, 1855, 
 and was educated in the Scammon and Skinner 
 schools. After leaving school he learned the 
 mason's trade. May 1, 1878, he joined the Fire 
 Patrol, and was assigned to Patrol No. 1. He 
 resigned in June, 1880, and went to Colorado, 
 but returning in November, 1880, again joined 
 Fire Patrol No. 1. This post he resigned in 
 June, 1881, and went into business for himself. 
 November, 1885, he joined Fire Patrol No. 2, 
 where he remained until January 1, 1887, when 
 he was transferred to Patrol No. 1 ; was pro- 
 moted to Lieutenant and then to Captain, serv- 
 ing until December 1, 1896, when he was trans- 
 ferred to Patrol No. 6. He never has suffered 
 any very serious accidents, but has had many 
 narrow escapes, among them one at a fire in the 
 basement at Knight & Leonard's on Madison 
 Street, when the debris fell through from the 
 upper stories, and several firemen were se- 
 verely injured, among them J. A. Hume and 
 Augustus Borgmenki. Furnald, however, 
 
 escaped without injury. Other perils encoun- 
 tered l)y him were at the time that A. Papineau, 
 of Patrol No. 1, was killed, and when P. Mul- 
 lens, Cai)tain of Patrol No. 1, died from inhal- 
 ing gas at the printing office in rear of Patrol 
 Building No. 1. At the latter all of the com- 
 pany were partially overcome, but recovered. 
 Mr. Furnald was married in Chicago in 1888, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 885 
 
 to Miss Kate Daley. It takes a good Eastern 
 man to make a good Western one, both for 
 pluck, bravery and nerve, and when, in addition 
 to the above good qualities, we add those of a 
 pleasant good-hearted fellow, we find such a one 
 in Captain George H. Furnald. 
 
 FREDERICK J. GABRIEL. 
 
 Frederick J. Gabriel, Chief Thirteenth Bat- 
 talion, Chicago Fire Department, was born in 
 Hamburg, Germany, June 30, 1846, emigrated 
 to this country with his parents and came to 
 Chicago in 1851. Here he was educated in the 
 public and in private schools, remaining there 
 until fourteen years old, when he was em- 
 ployed by Rigby & Company (wall paper deal- 
 ers), 69 Randolph Street. Later he became clerk 
 in a grocery store, and, when eighteen years 
 old, was apprenticed to the cooper trade with 
 Nicholas Michel, on Vedder Street, remaining 
 there until 1865, when he went to Racine, Wis., 
 where he was employed by George Bliss & 
 Company, wholesale and retail bakers and con- 
 fectioners. 
 
 Returning to Chicago, on April 17, 1869, he 
 joined the Fire Department, being assigned to 
 Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, located on 
 LaSalle near Washington Streets. The Fire De- 
 partment then consisted of fourteen engines 
 and two hook and ladder trucks. He resigned 
 this position September 30, 1871, to become one 
 of the original members (as driver) of the 
 Chicago Fire Insurance Patrol, which was or- 
 ganized October 2, 1871, B. B. Bullwinkle being 
 Captain. Resigning his position in the Fire 
 Department in April, 1872, he worked for a 
 time for his brother, who was a member of the 
 firm of Letz, Gabriel & Company, Desplaines 
 and Carroll Streets, and assisted in putting up 
 the iron fronts of all the prominent buildings 
 erected about that time, viz.: McVicker's Thea- 
 ter; Pike's building, corner of State and Mon- 
 roe Streets; the buildings of Hale, Ayer & Com- 
 pany, Hall & Kimbark, Philip Conley, the old 
 Board of Trade, and many others. 
 
 November 3, 1873, he rejoined the Fire De- 
 partment as driver on Engine 11, with four 
 horses attached; was transferred May, 1874, to 
 Truck 6 (known as the "Skinner") and pro- 
 moted to assistant foreman, and, in 1876, was 
 promoted to Captain of the same company. 
 Other transfers included to Engine No. 1, in 
 1877; to Truck 6, in 1878; to Engine 27, Jan- 
 uary 10, 1879; to Engine 22, 1880, and to En- 
 gine 27, September 5, 1885; he was promoted 
 to Assistant Fire Marshal, with headquarters 
 with Engine No. 4, remaining there until the 
 annexation of Lake View to Chicago (Septem- 
 ber 7, 1889), when he was assigned to the com- 
 mand of that district, known as the Thirteenth 
 Battalion, comprising an area of six miles long 
 and from the river to the lake, having seven 
 engines, three trucks and three chemicals in 
 his control. While the district is not as closely 
 built up as some others, this condition is coun- 
 terbalanced by its extent territorially; and, 
 
 this requires a degree of watchfulness which 
 is evidenced by the freedom from disastrous 
 fires. As a consequence the losses are smaller 
 than in almost any other district in Chicago, 
 which is in keeping with the Marshal's excel- 
 lent record. 
 
 At the fire of October 8, 1871, Chief Gabriel 
 was driver for the patrol wagon that carried 
 a load of powder to Madison Street bridge. He 
 told Captain Bullwinkle that it was getting too 
 hot, and therefore had to retreat to the Court 
 House, where the powder was stored in the 
 vault, and found "O. K." when the vault was 
 opened after the fire. The most important fire 
 in his district was when the power bouse on 
 Evanston Avenue was burned. He handled it 
 skilfully. He has had one of his legs broken 
 twice, first at Vedder and Halsted Street; when, 
 in consequence of a collision with Hook and 
 Ladder wagon No. 10, he was thrown from his 
 seat, his truck passing over him, and the sec- 
 ond time in a runaway accident. His promo- 
 tions have been made on the merits of his 
 work, and his record stands as that of a plucky, 
 skilful and courageous fire fighter. 
 
 Chief Gabriel was married in St. Paul's 
 Church, Chicago, October 19, 1874, to Catharine 
 Pauly, and three children have blessed their 
 union, viz.: Frederick, Amanda and Harold^^ 
 one of whom died at the age of one year and 
 nine months. 
 
 DANIEL WARREN GALE. 
 
 Daniel W. Gale (deceased), born in Ply- 
 mouth, Mass., in 1826, was a direct descendant 
 of William Bradford, who was a passenger on 
 the Mayflower to Plymouth Rock in 1620 and 
 became the second Colonial Governor of the 
 Pilgrim Colony. Mr. Gale's father was a ship- 
 owner and house-builder, and his mother was 
 a relative of Governor Winslow. He attended 
 the public schools at Plymouth until fourteen 
 years of age, when he decided to start on an 
 independent career and, much against the 
 wishes of his parents, went to Boston, where he 
 secured employment as a clerk. Subsequently 
 he decided to seek new fields in the West. In 
 1840, accompanied by his parents, he came to 
 Illinois, where they purchased a farm near 
 Warrenville, Du Page County, remaining there 
 until the land was brought under cultivation. 
 
 In 1844 Mr. Gale took up his permanent resi- 
 dence in Chicago, finding his first employment 
 as a clerk with the firm of Siles & Duvand. a 
 year later becoming a traveling salesman for 
 the firm of McGee & High. As facilities tor 
 travel were exceedingly primitive in those 
 days, Mr. Gale was obliged to make periodical 
 trips through the Desplaines Valley in a big 
 covered wagon pulled by six horses. Finally 
 becoming tired of this kind of employment, 
 he engaged in the warehouse business with 
 A^an O'Linda, which proved very lucrative. Un- 
 fortunately, however, a great portion of his 
 profits were consumed in the fire of 1855. Later 
 Mr. Gale became associated with the dry goods 
 
SS6 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 firm of Peck, Keep & Company, which eventu- 
 ally became Harmon, Ayer & Gale. When 
 Mr. Ayer withdrew from the firm the name was 
 changed to Harmon. Gale & Company, and, a 
 short time after, Mr. Gale became the head of 
 the concern, with Mr. Van "Wyke as a partner. 
 This association proving unsuccessful, in 1870 
 the partnership was dissolved and the great 
 fire of the following year entirely destroyed 
 the dry goods establishment. 
 
 Becoming interested in California lands Mr. 
 Gale made several trips to that State, but did 
 not take an active part in business, as, not- 
 withstanding the fact that he had twice suf- 
 fered financial loss by fire, he had been able 
 to save enough money to make him independent. 
 During the latter part of his life he spent con- 
 siderable time in Plymouth investigating his 
 family history and gathering relics for preser- 
 vation, and the Chicago Historical Society has 
 received many valuable articles from the Ply- 
 mouth Colony through his efforts. 
 
 Mr. Gale at one time was a member of the 
 Unity Church, but upon removing to the South 
 Side" he joined the All Souls' Church, which 
 he attended up to the time of his death. He 
 was a charter member of the Massachusetts 
 Society and was prominent in all patriotic 
 events. Politically he was a Republican and 
 voted that party's ticket at every election. He 
 supported only candidates who were in his 
 opinion worthy of election. In 1857 Mr. Gale 
 was married to Eliza Bowers, daughter of 
 Charles Bowers of California, and she, together 
 with three sons and two daughters survive 
 him. Mr. Gale died April 13, 1896. 
 
 STEPHEN F. GALE. 
 
 Of the public-spirited citizens and early set- 
 tlers who have contributed to the present great- 
 ness of Chicago, none has been more closely 
 identified with the Western Metropolis than 
 Stephen F. Gale. Born in Exeter, Rockingham 
 County, N. H.. March 8, 1812, he comes of an old 
 New England family, an unusual number of 
 whom were men of liberal education and con- 
 spicuous in public life in many ways. On the 
 maternal side he was connected with the East- 
 hams, of New Hampshire, who took a prominent 
 part in the Revolutionary War. When about 
 fourteen years of age he went to live with an 
 uncle who was associated with the well known 
 firm of Hillard, Grey & Co., of Boston, where 
 he was employed for the next half dozen years 
 or more, and during that period, by practical 
 devotion to his numerous duties, he learned 
 the book and stationer's business. While lack- 
 ing the advantage of a thorough school educa- 
 tion, he possessed a quick intellect, an inquir- 
 ing mind, a retentive memory, and patient and 
 studious habits. 
 
 After attaining his majority Mr. Gale de- 
 cided to Heek other fields of Indeavor, and 
 started West. In September, 183.'), he located 
 at Chicago, which at that time, had a name, a 
 military post and a geographical position. 
 
 Here he occupied a small tenement on the south 
 side of South Water street, between Clark and 
 La Salle streets, installing therein a stock of 
 law, medical, school and miscellaneous books, 
 together with a stock of blank-books and sta- 
 tionery. To this he added cutlery, wall paper, 
 musical instruments and an assortment of 
 notions. The starting of country schools 
 throughout the State brought a large and in- 
 creasing demand for educational books, while 
 the trinkets and notions were in no diminished 
 request. In 1839 Mr. Gale published a com- 
 pilation of the statutes of Illinois, which was 
 the first law book ever published in the State, 
 and was known as "Gale's Statutes." In 1842 
 Mr. A. H. Burley became associated with Mr. 
 Gale, the firm name being S. F. Gale & Co. 
 In 1845 Mr. Charles Burley purchased the in- 
 terest of Mr. Gale, when the latter retired from 
 active business life. For five years he was a 
 member of the Volunteer Fire Department, of 
 which he was made chief engineer. When the 
 work of construction on the Illinois and Michi- 
 gan Canal was suspended on account of lack of 
 funds, he assisted in promoting its resumption. 
 He was one of those who took part in the prac- 
 tical measures which gave the first railroad 
 connection with the Mississippi River. On 
 February 12, 1849, the Aurora Branch Railroad 
 Company (now a part of the Chicago, Burling- 
 ton & Quincy) was incorporated, Mr. Gale being 
 one of the original incorporators and for a time 
 its President. In November, 1850, the line was 
 completed, and Mr. Gale turned his attention 
 to the extension of the road, which was built 
 from Aurora to Mendota. 
 
 Mr. Gale was married to a daughter of Mr. 
 Theophilus W. Smith, one of the Judges of the 
 Supreme Court of Illinois. They had two chil- 
 dren, Medora, who became the wife of Colonel 
 William Hale Thompson, formerly of the United 
 States Navy, and Edward F., who is a resident 
 of Massachusetts. In his religious affiliation he 
 is a member of the Unitarian Church. Polit- 
 ically he was a Whig until the Republican 
 party was organized, when he joined its ranks, 
 seeking to promote good government without 
 personal gain. In the early '50s he received 
 the nomination for the Chicago mayoralty, but 
 was obliged to decline the honor in consequence 
 of other and pressing duties. He was an ardent 
 patriot during the war and did good service at 
 the outset in bringing a supply of arms to the 
 State Capital. 
 
 HOMER B. GALPIN. 
 Homer B. Galpin (deceased) was born at 
 Williamstown, Mass., February 2, 1831, the son 
 of Abel and Susan (Mattison) Galpin. .\bel 
 Galpin was a fine specimen of the hardy New 
 Englander and a well-known old-time stage- 
 driver, his route extending over the Green 
 Mountains from Wardsboro, to Arlington, Vt., 
 and it is said that during the twenty-two years 
 spent in this occupation, he missed but two 
 trips. The last sixteen years of his life were 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 887 
 
 spent in Chicago, where he died at the home 
 of his son, Homer B., when eighty-two years of 
 age. 
 
 Homer B. Galpin received a common-school 
 education, and his first work was in a woolen 
 factory at North Hoosicic, N. Y. At sixteen 
 years of age he entered the afterwards famous 
 reaper factory of Walter A. Woods, at Hoosick 
 Falls, N. Y., where he learned the blacksmith's 
 trade. In 1848 he came West, first seeing Chi- 
 cago when it was a village of 7,000 people, but 
 shortly after reaching Illinois, located in Lake 
 County, where he was engaged in farming until 
 1852. During the latter year he came to Chi- 
 cago, residing in the city for a time and then 
 entering the employment of Squire Thomas 
 Bradwell, the father of Judge James B. Brad- 
 well, who lived at Palatine, 111. 
 
 While living in Palatine Mr. Galpin filled a 
 minor official position, but through the influence 
 of Judge Bradwell, then County Judge of Cook 
 County, he was induced to come to Chicago and 
 was immediately appointed Deputy Sheriff un- 
 der Antony C. Hesing, at the same time being 
 made bailiff of the County Court. He continued 
 to fill the office of Deputy Sheriff for eighteen 
 years and in 1878, in partnership with Henry 
 McGurren, established a collection and detec- 
 tive agency in Chicago which he conducted 
 until 1880, when he entered the United States 
 Revenue service as Government store-keeper, a 
 position which he filled for two years. In 1882, 
 by appointment of Sheriff Hanchett, he re- 
 turned to the county service as Deputy Sheriff 
 in connection with the Probate Court, filling 
 this position until 1891, when he received 
 an appointment from Mayor Washburne as 
 City Gas Inspector. Retiring from the last 
 named position when John P. Hopkins became 
 Mayor, he again became Deputy under Sheriff 
 Gilbert, filling this position until the time of 
 his death which occurred July 4, 1900, being 
 known to the courts, the bar, and the public 
 generally as the Deputy Sheriff having had the 
 longest experience in Cook County. Altogether 
 his service as Deputy Sheriff covered a period 
 of more than thirty years, and his acquaintance 
 throughout the county, and his knowledge of 
 county affairs, were probably more extensive 
 than that of any other county official. 
 
 In August, 1858, Mr. Galpin was married to 
 Mary J. Cady, of Palatine, 111., who died in 
 1863, leaving one daughter, Nellie, wife of Will- 
 iam Gager. At Wardsboro, Vt., July 24, 1865, 
 he married Miss Wealthea J. Plimpton, whose 
 father was a prominent citizen of Vermont and 
 a well-known Democratic politician. Two sons 
 were born of this union, viz.: E. Frank and 
 Homer K., who is prominent in Chicago Re- 
 publican circles. Mr. Galpin was for many 
 years a leading Republican in Chicago, being 
 especially influential in the Twelfth Ward in 
 which he lived. 
 
 The Twelfth Ward Republican Club adopted 
 the following resolutions at its annual meeting 
 November 27. 1900: 
 
 "Whereas, Homer B. Galpin, long a member 
 of this club, died at his home on the 4th day 
 of July, 1900; and remembering his active and 
 loyal citizenship through the many years of his 
 residence in this ward and city, his neighborly 
 kindness, his frank and upright nature, and 
 those attributes of heart and mind which made 
 him dear to those who knew bim. 
 
 "Therefore, be it resolved, by the Twelfth 
 Ward Republican Club in its annual meeting as- 
 sembled, that we record this testimonial in ap- 
 preciation of our deceased friend and neighbor 
 and sympathy for his sons and family." 
 
 Judge Kohlsaat said of him that he had 
 known him for many years and held him in 
 great esteem. His neighbors spoke of him as 
 "one of God's noblemen," a true friend and a 
 good neighbor. He was conservator of many 
 estates, and held other positions of trust and 
 responsibility. 
 
 JAMES GARVEY. 
 James Garvey, Superintendent of the Water- 
 works Repair Shop, Chicago, was born in 
 Neenah, Wis., July 28, 1864, attended the dis- 
 trict schools in that place and the High School 
 in Menasha, Wis., and, after leaving school, 
 went to Oshkosh, Wis., where he served four 
 years learning the trade of machinist, during 
 the last year erecting one of the largest en- 
 gines in the State at the State Hospital near 
 Oshkosh. Coming to Chicago in January, 1886, 
 he went to work in the. Rolling Mills at Bridge- 
 port, remaining one year, then built ice-ma- 
 chines for six months, later worked for George 
 M. Clark & Co. for two years, making tools and 
 dies, and then for the Adams & Westlake 
 Manufacturing Company for four years. In 
 May, 1892, he commenced work for the city of 
 Chicago at the North Side Repair Shop on Ash- 
 land Avenue, where he still remains, and has 
 shown to his employers by his strict attention 
 to business, that he is the "right man in the 
 right place." These works, erected in 1896, 
 have an engine capacity of 125-horse power, 
 getting steam from the West Pumping Station. 
 All the repairs for the Water Works, bridges, 
 hydrants and valves, and also new work, are 
 done here, besides the testing of all the meters 
 used by the city, as they have here the best 
 facilities for this class of work west of New 
 York. 
 
 MATTHEW GEIS. 
 
 Matthew Geis, Lieutenant Engine No. 27, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago, 
 June 14th, 1861. His father Ignatius Geis, 
 was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, and his 
 mother, Anna (Schulz) Geis, in Chicago. The 
 son was educated in St. Michael's and Newberry 
 schools, and later was fireman on tugboats 
 "Annie L. Smith," "Frank S. Butler," "William 
 L. Ewing" and "Protection." 
 
 Mr. Geis joined the Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment May 13, 1882, as assistant engineer on 
 Engine No. 27; was transferred August 7, 1886, 
 
888 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 to Engine 4; transferred as pipeman on Engine 
 11, December 31, 1886; promoted to Lieutenant, 
 December 31. 1889, and assigned to Engine 
 27: transferred, June 1, 1890. to Engine 55, and 
 on July 5. 1899. to Engine No. 27, where (1904) 
 he is still on duty. 
 
 Lieutenant Geis' father was pipeman on En- 
 gine "Frank Sherman." located on Dearborn 
 near Washington Street, and was killed June 
 7, 1S65. with J. Strening. while on duty at a 
 fire on South Water Street between Clark and 
 La Salle Streets. First Assistant Marshal 
 Musham was hurt and John Agnew, Fire War- 
 den, was badly crippled at the same fire. His 
 father's brother. John Geis, was killed while on 
 duty with Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, 
 on South Water Street, on May 2, 1867, at a 
 fire in a building occupied as a cheese store 
 by Bogardus Bros. 
 
 At a fire on April 1. 1888, at Gibson, Parish 
 & Co.'s on Randolph Street near State, Lieuten- , 
 ant Geis and John Gillespie (now Captain on 
 Engine Company No. 3) were comrades on En- 
 gine No. 11, and while on duty on the fourth 
 floor of the building the fire broke out from 
 below. Lieutenant Geis and O'Connell slid 
 down the ladder, but Captain Gillespie, being 
 partly overcome by heat and smoke threw him- 
 self from the window and was caught by Lieu- 
 tenant Geis and his life saved, although he was 
 badly burned. Lieutenant Geis was severely 
 burned on July 3, 1893, at a fire on Sheffield 
 Avenue, and was partially blind for several 
 days, but after recovered. Like other brave 
 firemen of Chicago, he is always ready for any 
 emergency where duty calls him. 
 
 JOHN B. GEORGE. 
 
 John B. George, for nearly fifty years foreman 
 of one of the most important mechanical depart- 
 ments of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, 
 was born in Syracuse, N. Y., July 12, 1836, the 
 son of George and Martha (Bronger) George. 
 His father was a foundryman by occupation, but 
 later in life, after moving west, became a 
 farmer. The ancestors of the family came 
 from Kent. England, some time during the first 
 quarter of the nineteenth century, settling in 
 New York State. 
 
 When the subject of this .sketch was about 
 four years of age, he came with his father to 
 Chicago, where he attended the public schools 
 and later Ijecame an apprentice of an elder 
 brother in the tin and copijor manufacturing 
 business. He remained continuously with this 
 firm for a number of years, finally, before reach- 
 ing his majority, being entrusted with the fore- 
 manship of the shop. Early In IS.'JG this firm 
 dissolved. Prior to this date it had done much 
 work for the Illinois Central Railroad, which 
 had been in course of construction for some 
 years, being completed from Chicago to Cairo 
 during the year previous. In this way Mr. 
 George had become personally acquainted with 
 the Master Mechanic of the road and, on April 
 
 1, 1856, he obtained employment in the Illinois 
 Central shops. Two years later he became 
 Foreman of the tin, copper, sheet-iron and 
 steam-fitting department of the Illinois Central 
 Company, a position which he has held con- 
 tinuously to the present time. 
 
 From 1857 until the breaking out of the Civil 
 War, Mr. George had as superior officers Gen. 
 George B. McClellan as Chief Engineer and 
 Vice-President of the Illinois Central Railroad; 
 Gen. N. P. Banks, as a Director, and Gen. Am- 
 brose E. Burnside as Treasurer. General Burn- 
 side was Treasurer of the road at the time the 
 farmers bought land from the Illinois Central 
 Company and received corn from them in pay- 
 ment for the land which they bought. He es- 
 tablished a shelling station at Burnside Cross- 
 ing, in Cook County, thus giving name to that 
 place. It is doubtful if any other employe 
 of this great corporation has remained in its 
 service for a longer period — a fact which at- 
 tests his efficiency and the trust reposed in his 
 management of a department which, in the half- 
 century of the life of the company, has grown 
 to such vast proportions. 
 
 During this long period Mr. George has been 
 the originator or inventor of numerous devices 
 and appliances of a labor and money-saving 
 character, which are now in common use and 
 have saved the company many thousands of dol- 
 lars, besides contributing to the efficiency of the 
 service and the comfort and convenience of the 
 traveling public. Among these may be men- 
 tioned a galvanized iron water-bucket, which 
 has taken the place of a very expensive leather 
 bucket formerly in use. The manufacture and 
 use of this new device alone has resulted in a 
 vast saving to the company. Mr. George has 
 also devised a process for the manufacture of an 
 amalgamated babbitt-metal, which can be pro- 
 duced at a cost of about ten cents per pound, 
 taking the place of an article for which the 
 company had been paying as high as sixty cents 
 per pound, and now thousands of tons of the 
 new material is in use on the Illinois Central 
 system. These are examples which illustrate 
 the practical and pecuniary value of Mr. 
 George's service more than any words of mere 
 personal eulogy could do. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. George is affiliated with the 
 Order of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, 
 being a life member of Cleveland Lodge, of 
 Apollo Commandery Knights Templar and the 
 La Fayette Chapter. Politically he has been 
 a life-long member of the Republican party, 
 and in his religious associations an attendant 
 upon the Trinity Episcopal Church. 
 
 On November 25, 1857, Mr.. George was united 
 In marriage in the city of Chicago to Catherine 
 Griffith, daughter of Owen and Elizabeth Grif- 
 fith, and they have had three children: Louis 
 Francis, born December 10, 1859, died Decem- 
 ber 8, 1903; Mattie B., born October 21, 1866, 
 and John G., born July 12, 1872. .John G. mar- 
 ried Jennie G. Graham, August 18, 1900, and 
 he and his wife reside in Chicago. Mrs. George's 
 
Mr_-,c-,3=.[r PrJjCa Chr.; 
 
HISTORICAL EN"CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 889 
 
 parents were of Welsh origin and came to 
 Chicago during her early childhood. 
 
 Mr. George's long and faithful service with 
 the most extensive corporation associated with 
 the history of Chicago and the State of Illinois 
 has rendered him a conspicuous figure among 
 the veterans in the railway service, and no 
 higher tribute could be paid to his trustworthi- 
 ness, efficiency and sterling integrity of char- 
 acter, than the confidence which he so deserv- 
 edly enjoys among Chicago's most prominent 
 business men and the members of the corpora- 
 tion with which he has been so long identified. 
 
 MAX GESE. 
 Max Gese, Alderman Fifth Ward, Blue Island, 
 was born in Prussia, Germany, in 1873, the 
 son of Christian and Minnie (Ames) Gese, both 
 natives of Germany, who came to Blue Island, 
 111., with their family in 1884, and have con- 
 tinued to reside there. Since coming to Blue 
 Island, Mr. Gese has been engaged in the manu- 
 facture of cigars, and has also devoted his at- 
 tention to the life insurance business, repre- 
 senting the New York Life Company. June 4, 
 1901, on the organization of the city govern- 
 ment, he was elected a member of the first City 
 Council of Blue Island and was appointed a 
 member of the Judiciary Committee and Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Railroads. He is a 
 member of the Congregational Church; of the 
 Liederkranz Society, which consists of about 
 100 members and of which he is Vice-President; 
 member and Commander of the local lodge 
 Knights of Pythias; member of the North Amer- 
 ican Union, and for five or six years has been 
 Secretary of the Cigar Makers' Union. Mr. 
 Gese is one of the active and influential citi- 
 zens of Blue Island. 
 
 HARRY W. GETZ. 
 Harry W. Getz, formerly live-stock agent 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, was born in Me- 
 chanicsburg. Pa., October 12, 1850, and was 
 educated in his native State. At the age of 
 seventeen years he came to Illinois, and for 
 eighteen months was emploj'ed in agricultural 
 pursuits in Bureau County, after which he was 
 for two years Deputy Sheriff of that County. 
 He located in Chicago, November, 1870, entering 
 into the employment of the Illinois Central 
 Railroad Company, for a year being clerk in the 
 local freight department, then assistant agent 
 and train-master of the St. Charles Air-Line for 
 fifteen months, after which he was lumber 
 agent for the Road up to November, 1874, when 
 he became associated with the Baltimore & 
 Ohio Railway Company. With the latter road 
 he was at first employed in the City Transfer 
 Department and, in February, 1875, was ap- 
 pointed general Live-Stock Agent for the com- 
 pany at the Union Stock Yards, where he 
 remained until July 1, 1890; was next trans- 
 ferred to the city office as local Freight 
 Agent, and on November 2. 1892, promoted 
 to Superintendent of Terminals, remaining 
 
 until December 31, 1897, when he engaged 
 in the coal business with his brother, 
 George F. Getz. Mr. Getz has a large 
 acquaintance and many friends who appreciate 
 his manly and kind ways. He has done his 
 part well to assist in making Chicago the sec- 
 ond city in the United States. He was mar- 
 ried on January 7, 1883, in the City of Chicago, 
 to Miss Nellie Ives, and one son has been born 
 to them. 
 
 CHARLES BROCKWAY GIBSON, B. Sc, M.D. 
 
 The ever-growing tendency of the age toward 
 scientific study and research has brought to the 
 front a host of self-styled "scientists," men with 
 no pretension to real learning, whose reverb- 
 erating sciolism is as empty as their heads. 
 But to the true man of science, the patient stu- 
 dent, the tireless, conscientious investigator, 
 whose ripe learning has not been "hid under a 
 bushel" but freely given to the world for its 
 enlightment and betterment, the twentieth cen- 
 tury owes a debt which it is not easy to esti- 
 mate. It is in this class of teachers, men who 
 follow science into her hidden, unexplored 
 chambers from no self-seeking but in an earnest 
 quest for light and truth, that the future his- 
 torian will place the eminent chemist and min- 
 ing engineer above named. 
 
 Dr. Gibson was born at Massena, N. Y., on 
 August 6, 1854. He comes of Green Mountain 
 lineage, his grandfather, John Gibson, having 
 been born at Grafton, Vt., and his father, Otis, 
 at Chester, in that State. His mother's maiden 
 name was Chloe Brockway, and his parents 
 were married at Bangor, N. Y. He and a sis- 
 ter, Ida May, were their only children. 
 
 Charles B. Gibson received his scientific train- 
 ing at the University of Illinois, the Berlin Uni- 
 versity and the Royal Mining Academy of Ger- 
 many. For sixteen years he filled the chair of 
 chemistry in the Chicago College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons and the Chicago College of Dental 
 Surgery, and in 1893, was. by special appoint- 
 ment, Special Commissioner to Germany for the 
 Department of Mines and Mining of the World's 
 Columbian Exposition. The past twenty-five 
 years of his life have been devoted almost 
 wholly to chemistry, mining and metallurgy, 
 and his researches along these lines have won 
 for him an international reputation. 
 
 In 1891 he was married to Eva K. Clapp, of 
 Athol, Mass. Her father, Henry Clapp, was 
 born among the Berkshire hills of Massachu- 
 setts about 1830, and her mother (maiden 
 name Ann Ely) in Litchfield, Conn. Both par- 
 ents died in Illinois. Mrs. Gibson's excellent 
 literary work has brought her into prominence 
 among Chicago's cultured people, her efforts 
 entering the fields of fiction, poetry and his- 
 torical romance. 
 
 DECATUR W. GILLEN. 
 Decatur W. Gillen, Official Reporter Chicago 
 Fire Insurance Patrol, was born in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., November 9, 1850; had been connected 
 
Sgo 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 for three years with the Brooklyn volunteer 
 fire department when it was disbanded in 1869; 
 then joined the Navy in the latter part of the 
 same year, entering upon duty on board the 
 Sabine, from which he was transferred to the 
 Guerriere, a first-class, full-rigged man-of-war 
 ship of the type of that day. In the early part 
 of 1S70. upon the outbreak of the Franco-Prus- 
 sian war, the fleet was ordered to cruise in the 
 Mediterranean for the purpose of protecting the 
 American merchant marine. One of the ves- 
 sels of that fleet was the DiBlawaie, on which 
 was Lieutenant George Dewey, who at that time 
 was famous for his bravery, liis skill as a sailor, 
 his sound judgment and his modest behavior, 
 Mr. Gillen is proud to be able to say that he 
 was once a fellow jack-tar with the immortal 
 Dewey. 
 
 Thus, for several years the ex-Brooklyn fire- 
 man roamed the world over, filling out his life 
 with scenes of wonder and experiences varied, 
 interesting and exciting. While serving on the 
 Mediterranean fleet it was Mr. Gillen's privilege 
 to travel through Palestine over ground famil- 
 iar to our Savior, from Bethlehem south to 
 Damascus, by way of the River Jordan and Sea 
 of Galilee, and from Jaffa on the west to the 
 Mountains of Moab on the east, which no other 
 returned to Brooklyn, and in 1875 came west, 
 living for some time at Coldwater, Mich., Elk- 
 hart and South Bend, Ind., from the latter city 
 coming to Chicago in 1886, where he has resided 
 ever since. Here he became a member of the 
 Fire Insurance Patrol, where he has occupied 
 the most important position in the department 
 next to that of Superintendent. When its du- 
 ties are performed faithfully — as in the case of 
 Reporter Gillen — it becomes a necessary and 
 important oflfice, as it includes the compilation, 
 for use of the Board of Fire Underwriters, of 
 all information relating to the amount of prop- 
 erty loss by each fire, amount of insurance loss 
 to insurance companies, amount and value of 
 property saved, whether any suspicious circum- 
 stances were connected with the fire or with 
 the owners of the property, and a hundred or 
 more items of importance. Dick Gillen, as he 
 is popularly known, furnishes absolutely correct 
 and valuable daily reports, which are sent out 
 by the Board of I'nderwriters to the insurance 
 companies, and he has a most elaborate system 
 of reports, running through dozens of huge vol- 
 umes, giving the complete history of every fire 
 from Its inception to the amount of loss; and. 
 what Is more important, the moral hazard in 
 the history of the owners and tenants of the 
 btiildlngs, thereby furnishing a reliable guide 
 for information in issuing fire insurance. Very 
 few men have had as much, or as varied a 
 rarefr. or soen as much of life as Dick Gillen. 
 or had <in many narrow escapes from death. 
 once being caught under a wagon which upset 
 on 'the way to a flro, breaking his leg. He is 
 alHo the hero of many rescues, and is well 
 known for his devotion to his comrades and 
 thoue with whom he Is connected, and will 
 
 always be found at his post of duty regardless 
 of the danger involved. Mr. Gillen was married 
 to Miss Minnie Swinart, December 25, 1885. 
 
 EGBERT W. GILLETT. 
 
 The successful man is he who chooses his 
 vocation with reference to his natural abilities 
 and inclinations, and adheres strictly to the 
 business of his choice. Among the successful 
 and representative business men of Chicago 
 must be numbered the subject of this sketch, 
 Egbert W. Gillett, born in Dexter, Jefferson 
 County, N. Y., the son of Paul W. and Caroline 
 H. Gillett, both natives of the Empire State. 
 His father died at the age of sixty-three and 
 his mother in her fifty-eighth year, the decease 
 of both occurring in Chicago, to which place 
 they had removed in 1852 from New York State. 
 Much interested in the cause of temperance, 
 his father often lectured on the subject. The 
 business in Chicago, of which Mr. Gillett is the 
 owner (manufacturing and importing of gro- 
 cers' specialties), was established by his father 
 many years ago. , 
 
 Arriving in this city with his parents when 
 but three years of age, young Gillett received 
 his early education in the public schools of Chi- 
 cago and finished at Wheaton College. Having 
 completed his education, he entered business 
 with his father at 257 South Clark Street. They 
 were located at 61 Michigan Avenue at the time 
 of the great fire (October 8, 1871). and their 
 entire plant was swept away. On October 9 
 they resumed business at 51 West Lake Street. 
 remaining there until the South Side was par- 
 tially rebuilt, when they removed to Nos. 38 
 to 44 Michigan Avenue, where they remained 
 eleven years. During that time, in the year 
 1882, E. W. Gillett became sole proprietor of the 
 business, and in 1887. requiring more room and 
 enlarged facilities, he erected his present store 
 at Nos. 9, 11. 13 and 15 River Street. 67 x 100 
 feet, six stories and basement, which he now 
 occupies, thus making one of the finest whole- 
 sale buildings in that vicinity. He employs in 
 this business about two hundred and fifty 
 hands, and his trade extends all over the 
 United States. In 1887 Mr. Gillett established 
 a factory in Toronto, Ont., located at 32 arid 34 
 West Front Street, to supply his Canadian 
 trade, where he employs a large number of oper- 
 atives. He also founded the Champion Chem- 
 ical Works in 1885, located at 38 and 40 Michi- 
 gan Avenue, Chicago, and is president of the 
 company, which does a large and prosperous 
 chemical business. 
 
 He was one of the founders of the Lincoln 
 National Bank and. for several years, a director. 
 He has been a director of the American 
 Exchange National Bank and the Chicago Opera 
 House Company; is a member of the Union 
 League Club, Illinois Club, Washington Park 
 Club, and other prominent clubs, corporations 
 and associations. He has large real estate inter- 
 ests in Chicago, and subdivisions in Ohio to 
 which he gives some attention. His handsome, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 891 
 
 large brownstone residence at 3334 Michigan 
 Avenue, Chicago, is in the finest part of the 
 city. In his stables are complete turnouts. 
 
 Mr. Gillett is an attendant and trustee of 
 Plymouth Congregational Church; a Trustee of 
 Illinois College, at Jacksonville, 111. He was 
 married July 25, 1868, and the children of him- 
 self and wife are Lillian May and Charley W. 
 Gillett. 
 
 FREDERICK GOETZ. 
 
 Frederick Groetz, Captain Hook and Ladder 
 Company, No. 16, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born in Saxony, Germany, September 18, 1851, 
 and attended the schools in his native country 
 until coming to America in 1863. After attend- 
 ing the public schools in the United States, he 
 traveled through different States of the Union 
 and engaged in herding cattle and in logging 
 in the State of Michigan, but later was em- 
 ployed in driving team for his father in Chicago 
 until he joined the Fire Department in May, 
 1877. Here he served successively on Engines 
 No. 10, 13, 36, Chemical No. 1 and Trucks 2, 4 
 and 8, until 1885, when the company was organ- 
 ized for the fire-boat "Alpha," upon which he 
 was appointed pipeman. While on duty on the 
 "Alpha" in the lumber district for a period of 
 nine years, he was engaged in fighting all the 
 large fires in that district, including the Ash- 
 land Avenue lumber fire, when the deck of the 
 fire-boat was burned off and streams of water 
 had to be turned upon the members of the com- 
 pany as they lay behind the bulwarks for pro- 
 tection against the fire which completely sur- 
 rounded them. This was the first large fire 
 the "Alpha" fought. It was while still on the 
 "Alpha" in the lumber district in the spring of 
 1886, that he was promoted to Lieutenant of 
 the Company. During the year just named 
 occurred the Kimball Organ Factory fire, in 
 which he had his right leg broken. About the 
 time of the dedication of the World's Fair 
 grounds in October, 1891, he was promoted to 
 the rank of Captain and transferred to the com- 
 mand of Hook and Ladder Company No. 16, 
 with headquarters in Woodlawn, where he has 
 since remained and where he is still in com- 
 mand. In 1893 Engine No. 73 was located in 
 the quarters of Truck 16, and both companies 
 saw service in all the fires occurring on the Fair 
 Grounds, as well as in the outside adjacent 
 district. 
 
 At the time of the memorable Cold Storage 
 fire on the Fair Grounds of July 10, 1893, Cap- 
 tain Goetz was on duty in command of Truck 
 16 and Engine 73. When the first alarm 
 sounded he was engaged at a fire elsewhere in 
 the vicinity, but being notified by Chief Kenyon 
 of the location of the Fair Grounds confiagra- 
 tion, immediately responded, and leading his 
 men to the roof of the burning building, found 
 the firemen jumping from the tower. With the 
 members of his Engine Company he assisted in 
 removing the men away from the tower to the 
 edge of the roof to be lowered to the ground. 
 
 They had rescued five from their perilous posi- 
 tion, when the rescuing party were compelled 
 to fiee, sliding down their own hose and thus 
 saving their lives. The members of Truck 
 Company 16 raised the ladder to the roof of 
 the burning building on the east side, and 
 Lieutenants Miller and Parker, with the assist- 
 ance of the members of the company, succeeded 
 in rescuing Capt. John Fitzpatrick with the aid 
 of a rope, but he subsequently died in hospital 
 from wounds which he had received in jumping 
 from the tower to the roof. 
 
 Captain Goetz has been in numerous great 
 fires, and has experienced many narrow escapes 
 and participated in many heroic rescues. 
 Among the more important of his experiences 
 were the fires in the Coliseum and the World's 
 Fair Hotels and Department Buildings, and 
 the Manufacturers' Building fire in 1894, when 
 he walked through a hole in the roof and falling 
 a distance of twenty feet upon an iron brace, 
 sustained a broken leg. Captain Goetz was 
 married in Chicago and has had a family of six 
 children, four of whom are now living. 
 
 HARVEY L. GOODALL. 
 
 Mr. Goodall was born in Lunenburg, Vt., 
 in 1836, and died at his home on Hibbard Ave- 
 nue, Chicago, March 28, 1900. He came of 
 heroic Vermont stock, being a lineal descend- 
 ant of that Mrs. Dustin, whose capture by the 
 Indians and subsequent escape in a birch bark 
 canoe after she had slaughtered her captors, 
 forms one of the most thrilling chapters of the 
 history of pioneer days. 
 
 Mr. Goodall left his Vermont home while a 
 lad of only sixteen years of age, and making 
 his way to the Maine seacoast, secured employ- 
 ment on a vessel about to sail for Liverpool. 
 From Liverpool he made a tramp journey of 
 some two years over England and the conti- 
 nent, when, returning to Liverpool, he shipped 
 on the 'Boston Belle," and after many cruises 
 that were full of adventure, came back to his 
 native land wiser because of his experiences in 
 foreign lands, but none the wealthier. 
 
 About this time the cotton-mills were becom- 
 ing prosperous and offering inducements to 
 skillful men. Having secured a place in one, 
 Mr. Goodall mastered the intricacies of its oper- 
 ation and rose to be overseer. He invented a 
 "stop motion" that is in use to this day; but 
 concluding that such employment was not 
 suited to his bent, he turned to journalism and 
 became a reporter on the Harrisburg "Daily 
 Telegraph." His abilities soon won recogni- 
 tion and he was made editor of the Lancaster 
 "Inland Daily," then owned by the celebrated 
 Thaddeus Stevens, Edward McPherson and 
 Theophilus Fenn. 
 
 Mr. Goodall had now reached the age of 
 twenty-one. and, confident and self-reliant as 
 he always was, established the Lancaster "Con- 
 estoga Chief," which soon became the organ of 
 the "Red Men," one of the most powerful or- 
 ganizations of the State. Receiving a fiatter- 
 ing offer from Philadelphia, his outfit was 
 
892 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 moved to that city, where he established the 
 "Sunday Mirror." Building up a good name 
 and business for the "Mirror," he sold it and 
 established the "Daily Transcript" in New 
 York. This became so successful that he sold 
 it at the end of a year to a company that after- 
 ward debased it to the service of the "Tweed 
 Ring"' of odious memory. 
 
 Leaving New York in 185S, Mr. Goodall de- 
 voted the ensuing three years to travel and 
 business in Europe, returning to New Orleans 
 on the very day that Louisiana voted to secede 
 from the Union. Being a pronounced Union 
 man, his life was in danger every moment while 
 in that city. Michael Hahn, a man of promi- 
 nence and subsequent Governor of the State, 
 saw him safely out of the city. Reaching Alton, 
 111., Jlr. Goodall immediately enlisted in the 
 Second Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, in which he 
 rendered services of great tact and bravery, and 
 which secured for him the frequent commenda- 
 tion of his superior officers. 
 
 \Vhile yet the debris of the evacuated rebel 
 barracks at Columbus, Ky., was ablaze, Mr. 
 Goodall entered the city with his regiment, and 
 being assigned to special duty, established the 
 first Union newspaper on recovered rebel soil. 
 When Memphis had fallen and the navigation 
 of the Mississippi was uninterrupted to that 
 point. Mr. Goodall moved his paper to Cairo, 
 111., where it became an influential and widely 
 circulated daily. 
 
 Mr. Goodall came to Chicago in 1868, and es- 
 tablished the "Daily Sun" in November, 1869; 
 the "Weekly Drovers' Journal" January 11, 
 1873; the "Daily Drovers' Journal," January 19, 
 1877, and the semi-weekly edition soon after. 
 Feeling that this would be the last enterprise 
 of his life. Mr. Goodall strove to make it the 
 greatest, and the spacious, well-appointed and 
 completely equipped printing house near the 
 main entrance of the Union Stock Yards tells 
 the story of his success more eloquently than 
 could any words. He lived to see the ambition 
 of his life gratified, and to be known as the 
 founder of the first and most widely read daily 
 stock journal of all the world. 
 
 Other enterprises enlisted his attention, in- 
 cluding a weekly edition of the "Drovers' Jour- 
 nal" i.ssued in the city of Liverpool, Eng., to 
 promote and foster the export live-stock trade; 
 a belt line of newspapers around Chicago — but 
 at no time did he neglect his central enterprise 
 at the Stock Yards. That was the cap-sheaf of 
 his endeavor, and as long as it is known or 
 remembered among men. the name of Harvey 
 L. Goodall. its founder, editor, publisher and 
 proprietor, will not be forgotten. 
 
 Ah an employer of labor, both skilled and 
 unHkilled. Mr. Goodall was conspicuously for- 
 bearing and synipalhotic, and during all his ex- 
 perience never was called upon to face a strike. 
 But while he was generous, almost to a fault, 
 he waH firm and unflinching in what he con- 
 Bldered his duty, and left his family the i)ric('- 
 leHH legacy of an exalted name. 
 
 The widow, Mrs. EIWii F. Goodall, in her 
 
 own right, and as guardian of her young son, 
 Harvey L. Goodall, Jr., succeeds to the manage- 
 ment of the business and estate. In anticipa- 
 tion of such a change her husband, as far as 
 practicable, familiarized her with the routine 
 and details of the business. As a result of this 
 care and forethought the "Drovers' Journal" 
 and the "Daily Sun," together with their auxil- 
 iary publications, are still carried on in accord- 
 ance with the most modern and improved 
 methods; in all departments keeping fully 
 abreast of the growth and development of the 
 live-stock interests of the country. The great 
 improvement in the "Chicago Daily Drovers* 
 Journal" since Mrs. Goodall assumed manage- 
 ment of the business, has been noticed and 
 highly commended by all connected with the 
 live-stock industry and more firmly than ever 
 establishes its universal standing as "the lead- 
 ing Live Stock Daily and the most reliable 
 Live Stock Report in the world." 
 
 CLARENCE FISHER GOODING. 
 
 Clarence Fisher Gooding, lawyer, is a native 
 of Belvidere, 111., where he was born February 
 14, 1847, being the tenth in descent from Gov. 
 Edward Winslow (the third Governor of Ply- 
 mouth Colony) and Susanna White, who were 
 the first white couple married in New England, 
 and from John Alden and Priscilla Mullins, his 
 wife, and from Thomas Rogers — all of whom 
 came to America on the ship Mayflower in 1620. 
 William Gooding, his great-grandfather on the 
 paternal side, was born in Dighton, Mass., and 
 married Lydia Andrews, a native of Taunton, 
 in that State. Their son, Charles Gooding, born 
 also at Dighton, became the husband of Ruth 
 Fisher, a native of the same place, and they, 
 the parents of Myron A. Gooding, born in Bris- 
 tol, N. Y., and father of the subject of this 
 sketch. On the maternal side, Mr. Gooding 
 traces his ancestry to Col. Isaac Pi'eston, his 
 great-great-grandfather, born at Fairfield, N. 
 J., and his wife, Lovice Daniels; the next in 
 descent being Isaac Preston, also born at Fair- 
 field, whose son Isaac Preston became the hus- 
 band of Lovina Betsy Walker, a native of Gran- 
 ville, N. Y. Their daughter, Hannah Maria 
 Preston, born at Rochester, N. Y., became the 
 wife of Myron A. Gooding, and the mother of 
 the subject of this sketch. 
 
 Clarence Fisher Gooding was educated in the 
 common schools of his native State and Evans- 
 ville Seminary, Evansville, Wis. In the spring 
 of 1863, at the age of sixteen years, he ran 
 away from home and joined the troops in the 
 rear of Vicksburg, at first being employed as a 
 teamster, but a few months later (September 
 16, 1863), he enlisted in the United States 
 Navy, and served for a year on the United 
 States Ship Louisville belonging to the Missis- 
 sippi Sciuadron. He then enlisted as a private 
 in ('ompany F, Fiftieth Illinois Infantry, re- 
 maining in the service until July 2r), 186.^), when 
 ho was mustered out. The y(>ar after the close 
 of the war he became a telegraph operator and 
 Deputy Collector on the Illinois & Michigan 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 893 
 
 Canal at Chicago. The next two years (1867- 
 68) were spent as operator in connection with 
 the construction department of the Union Pa- 
 cific Railroad, his duty keeping him at the 
 western terminus of the line as the track was 
 advanced westward. When the two roads (the 
 Union Pacific and the Central Pacific) were 
 completed in March, 1869, he became telegraph 
 operator on the Central Pacific at Winnemucca, 
 Nev., and the following year at Summit, Cal. 
 The latter year he returned to Chicago and 
 commenced the study of law, continuing until 
 1873. While a student came the great fire of 
 1871, in which he lost his all. 
 
 In 1873 Mr. Gooding was admitted to the bar 
 of the Supreme Court of Illinois; two years 
 later removed to Wyoming, and, in 1876, to the 
 Black Hills, the year following becoming the 
 first magistrate in this new mining district. 
 Between 1881 and 1883 he was connected with 
 the construction department of the Mexican 
 Central Railroad, but the latter year returned 
 to Chicago and resumed the practice of his 
 profession. For five years (1889-94) he was 
 Police Magistrate for the Jefferson District, 
 Chicago. He is a Republican in politics and a 
 charter member of the Gen. Benjamin F. But- 
 ler Post, No. 754 (Department of Illinois) G. A. 
 R., organized in 1893, and was its Commander 
 in 1896. 
 
 On March 19, 1884, Mr. Gooding was married, 
 in the city of Chicago, to Miss Lizzie May Dem- 
 ing, and they have two children: Clarence 
 Arthur, born February 17, 1885, and Winifred, 
 born November 11, 1886. Mrs. Gooding is a 
 daughter of Ebenezer and Ann Augusta (Bedel) 
 Deming, of Bath, N. H., and granddaughter of 
 Gen. Moody Bedel, a soldier of the Revolu- 
 tionary War and the War of 1812. Mr. Gooding 
 ranks as one of the progressive and popular 
 lawyers of Chicago. 
 
 ADAMS A. GOODRICH. 
 
 Among the members of the Chicago Bar the 
 gentleman whose name heads this sketch has, 
 for years, occupied a conspicuous position. By 
 his abilities, his natural tact and professional 
 training, he has won a position which is widely 
 recognized and has placed him in the front rank 
 of his chosen profession. In achieving this re- 
 sult he has undoubtedly been aided by his life- 
 long identification with Illinois history and an 
 Intimate acquaintance and relationship with 
 some of its most noted characters. 
 
 Mr. Goodrich was born in Jerseyville, Jersey 
 County, 111., January 8, 1849, the son of Henry 
 O. and Jane A. (Knapp) Goodrich. His father 
 came to Jersey County in 1839, where he after- 
 wards married Miss Jane A. Knapp, who was a 
 sister of Anthony L. and Robert M. Knapp, 
 each of whom served at different times as mem- 
 bers of Congress and in the State Legislature. 
 The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood in 
 the public schools of his native place until six- 
 teen years of age when, through the influence 
 of his uncle. Congressman Anthony L. Knapp, 
 he received an appointment as a cadet in the 
 
 United States Military Academy at West Point, 
 where he remained three and a half years. 
 Then, being compelled to leave the Academy 
 on account of ill health, he spent two years in 
 travel, after which, returning to his home, he 
 engaged in the study of law in the office of 
 his uncle, Robert M. Knapp. Later, removing 
 to Springfield, he continued his studies with his 
 uncle, Hon. A. L. Knapp, who had at this time 
 become a resident of the Capital City. Here 
 he continued his studies until 1873, when, after 
 taking his examination, he was admitted to the 
 bar by the Supreme Court, and immediately 
 entered upon the practice of his profession in 
 his native city of Jerseyville. 
 
 After continuing the practice some five years, 
 in 1878 Mr. Goodrich was elected State's Attor- 
 ney for Jersey County, being reelected to the 
 same position in 1880, and again in 1884. In 
 1887 he resigned the prosecuting attorneyship 
 to accept the nomination for the oflSce of 
 County Judge, to which he was elected. While 
 occupying the latter position he opened a law 
 office in the city of Chicago to which place he 
 removed in 1889, and where he has been con- 
 tinuously engaged in the practice of his pro- 
 fession ever since. For several years he has 
 been the senior member of the firm of Good- 
 rich, Vincent «6; Bradley, with offices in the 
 Rookery Building, one of the best known law 
 firms in the city of Chicago. 
 
 While devoting his attention closely to the 
 practice of his profession after coming to Chi- 
 cago, Judge Goodrich for a time discharged the 
 duties of County Judge during the incumbency 
 of the late Judge Richard Prendergast, and 
 also served for one year as Attorney for the 
 Chicago Drainage Board. Other positions held 
 by him have included those of Trustee of the 
 Northern Illinois State Normal School at De 
 Kalb, having been President of the Board from 
 1897 to the present time (1905) and as one of 
 the Inspectors of the Chicago Bridewell. In the 
 latter position he has manifested a deep interest 
 in the amelioration of the condition of a class 
 who, although paying the penalty for the vio- 
 lation of the law, are not always abandoned 
 criminals. 
 
 Fraternally Judge Goodrich is associated 
 with the Masonic Order, Knights of Pythias 
 and Odd-Fellows — with the first named order 
 having attained the degree of Knight Templar, 
 and in the last named the Encampment degree. 
 
 ALBERT T. GOODWILLIE. 
 
 Engineer for Engine 74, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Chicago, July 20, 1865, and 
 was educated at Lake View public school, Eng- 
 lewood High and Cook County Normal Schools. 
 After leaving school he worked in his father's 
 planing-mill, Ashland Avenue and Forty-sev- 
 enth Street for three years, and then at his 
 father's supply office, 153 Monroe Street, for 
 two years, and sundry other places until he 
 joined Hyde Park Fire Department July 1, 
 1885, on Truck No. 2. Later he was trans- 
 ferred as pipeman to Engine No. 2, and then 
 
89+ 
 
 HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 as assistant engineer of the same Company, re- 
 maining there until Hyde Park was annexed to 
 Chicago in 18S9. He was promoted to Engineer 
 in June. 1891, and transferred to Engine 62, but 
 resigned soon after and assumed the position of 
 foreman in D. M. Gk)odwillie's Planing Mill. 
 Here he was employed two years, when he 
 joined the World's Fair Fire Department as 
 assistant engineer on Engine No. 6, July 20, 
 1893, where he remained until that company 
 was disbanded, when he was transferred as sub- 
 stitute pipeman on Hose Company No. 1, Iron- 
 dale, and on July 5, 1894. to Engine 74 as as- 
 sistant engineer. His subsequent changes in- 
 cluded transfer to Engine 46, December 31, 
 1894: promotion to Engineer and transfer to 
 Engine 73, April, 1897; and transfer to Engine 
 74. December 19, 1898. Engineer Goodwillie still 
 remains on duty ready for any service required 
 of the brave Chicago firemen. He has had 
 numerous narrow escapes, the closest one being 
 when the back porch of a two-story building 
 was blown off and landed within two feet of 
 where he was standing. 
 
 Mr. Goodwillie was married at Walkerton, 
 Ind., November 10, 1888, to Miss Maud Curtis, 
 and two children have been born to them, one 
 of whom is still living. 
 
 MATTHEW GOTTFRIED. 
 For tenacity of purpose, inflexibility of will 
 and heroic capacity for endurance the sons of 
 the Rhineland are proverbial throughout the 
 world. Of this class was Matthew Gottfried (de- 
 ceased), for many years the executive head of 
 the Gottfried Brewing Company. A native of 
 Hofhein, Prussia, where he was born Decem- 
 ber 11, 1822, he attended school in his native 
 place and at Frankfort-on-the-Main. At Frank- 
 fort, in 1842, he was appointed a brewer and, 
 after learning his trade, worked at various 
 points in Southern Germany and Switzerland, 
 finally settling in Ansfeld, Germany, where he 
 married Maria Gundrum, on April 7, 1857. Of 
 their seven children, six are yet living. Dur- 
 ing the same year he crossed the water and 
 became a resident of Chicago, where for sev- 
 eral months he worked as brew-master for Con- 
 rad Selpp, and in 1858, in partnership with 
 Peter Schoenhofen, erected a small plant at the 
 corner of Twelfth and Jefferson Streets, the 
 style of the firm being Gottfried & Schoen- 
 hofen. This business prospered, and the fol- 
 lowing year a larger brewery was built on 
 Seward Street near Sixteenth. In 1868 Mr. 
 Gottfried withdrew from the concern, to spend 
 a year in foreign travel. In 1870 he erected the 
 present extensive and thoroughly equipped 
 plant of the Gottfried Brewing Company in 
 Archer Avenue. This he conducted under his 
 own name until the formation of the Gottfried 
 Brewing Company, with himself as president. 
 The capacity of the establishment is 500.000 
 barrels annually. Mr. Gottfried's successful 
 career Is a striking llluHlratlon of the possibili- 
 ties opf-n to pluck and perseverance, integrity 
 
 and industry. Mr. Gottfried died at Elkhart 
 Lake, Wis., November 3, 1902. 
 
 RICHARD S. GOUGH. 
 
 Richard S. Gough, Manager of Postal Tele- 
 graph Company Station, at the Union Stock- 
 yards, Chicago, was born in Buckingham, 
 England, February 6, 1844, the son of James 
 and Ann (Scott) Gough. Richard S. Gough 
 came to America in 1859, and located in Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., where he spent one winter. He 
 came to Chicago in 1861, and enlisted in the 
 Union army, in the telegraph service, and 
 served two and a half years, when he was dis- 
 charged on account of sickness. Later he went 
 to Dixon, 111., where he spent one year as a 
 telegraph operator, after which he went to 
 Bureau Junction, where he served in the capa- 
 city of telegraph operator for two years. 
 
 His next location was in Muscatine, Iowa, 
 and later we find him at Wilton Junction, Iowa, 
 where he was employed as agent for the Chi- 
 cago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company, 
 remaining in that place until 1867. Coming to 
 Chicago during this year, he was appointed 
 chief operator in the office of the Western 
 Union Telegraph Company at the Union Stock- 
 yards. In May, 1872, he was appointed man- 
 ager of the oflUce, which position he acceptably 
 filled until 1881, when he resigned to accept the 
 position of manager for the Mutual Union Tele- 
 graph Company at the Stockyards. In 1883, 
 when the two companies confsolidated, Mr. 
 Gough accepted the position of manager of the 
 Postal Telegraph Company, which he still holds. 
 The business has increased from $3,600 to over 
 $200,000 per year. 
 
 Mr. Gough was married in June, 1864, to Miss 
 Sarah E., daughter of E. H. and James (Sher- 
 man) Ketcham. Seven children have blessed 
 this union, two sons and five daughters. Of 
 these one son and four daughters are now liv- 
 ing. Raymond S. Gough, his son, is connected 
 with the American Tin Plate Company, has 
 received honorable mention from his employers 
 and has been transferred to their new office at 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 He is a man of good business ability, and now 
 occupies a very responsible position, and that 
 he discharges his duties faithfully and well, 
 is manifest by his long continuance in the ser- 
 vice. 
 
 WILLIAM CHARLES DUSTIN GRANNIS. 
 
 William Charles Dustin Grannis (deceased) 
 was born in the village of Stanstead, Province 
 of Quebec, Canada, March 30, 1826, the son of 
 William and Nancy Melinda (Dustin) Grannis, 
 both born in Claremont, N. H., the former in 
 1781, and the latter in 1789. The father, Wil- 
 liam Grannis, who was a merchant l)y voca- 
 tion, after his marriage in 1806 at their native 
 place, to Nancy Melinda Dustin, removed to 
 Hatley, Canada, and later to Stanstead. where 
 he died May 16, 1833. his wife dying at the 
 same place in 1879. They were devoted mem- 
 bers of the Episcopal Church. Mr. William 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 895 
 
 Grannis was one of the founders of the Stan- 
 stead Academy, at Stanstead, Canada, donat- 
 ing half of the land on which the institution 
 was located. 
 
 On the paternal side Mr. William C. D. Gran- 
 nis was a direct descendant of Edward Grannis, 
 one of the earliest settlers of Hartford, Conn., 
 where he located in 1655, later settling at Had- 
 ley, Mass., moving thence to New Haven, Conn., 
 where he died. On the maternal side Mr. Gran- 
 nis was descended from Hannah Dustin, of 
 Haverhill, Mass., the heroine of the Indian up- 
 rising of 1697, to whose memory and in honor 
 of whose bravery monuments have been erected 
 at Concord, N. H., on Dustin Island at the junc- 
 tion of the Contocook River with the Merri- 
 mack, and at Haverhill, Mass. Moody Dustin 
 Grannis, the grandfather, was a captain in the 
 First New Hampshire Regiment during the 
 Revolutionary War, and is said to have been 
 the first man to enlist in New Hampshire in the 
 war for American Independence, serving during 
 the entire struggle from 1776 to 1781. His com- 
 mission bore the signature of John Hancock, 
 President of the Colonial Congress, and is pre- 
 served as a valued heirloom by his descendants. 
 
 In his youth Mr. Grannis enjoyed the educa- 
 tional advantages afforded by the country 
 school and the academy of his native place, 
 early acquiring a fondness for literature, study 
 and travel. His first business experience was 
 obtained as a clerk in a drug store at Mont- 
 pelier, Vt., whence he moved later to Wood- 
 stock, Vt., where he was engaged in the same 
 business. In 1852 he came to Chicago and there 
 found employment as clerk in the wholesale 
 grocery establishment of M. D. Gilman & Co., 
 in which four years later he became a partner 
 under the firm name of Gilman, Grannis & Far- 
 well, which, by the retirement of Mr. Gilman, 
 later became Grannis & Farwell, in its time 
 one of the most extensive concerns of its kind 
 in the West. From this concern Mr. Grannis 
 retired in 1879, becoming the First Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the Union National Bank of Chicago 
 during the same year, and its President in 1882. 
 In 1885 he organized the Atlas National Bank, 
 of which he became the President, retaining 
 this position until his permanent retirement 
 from business in 1896. During his business 
 career Mr. Grannis occupied official positions in 
 connection with a number of prominent busi- 
 ness corporations, including Libby, McNeil & 
 Co., in which he was a Director; as President 
 and Director of the Union Rendering Company; 
 President of the Dime Savings Bank; Director 
 of the Chicago Building Company, and Director 
 and Treasurer of Oakwood Cemetery Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Grannis' military experience consisted 
 in playing the part of a messenger during the 
 Canadian Rebellion of 1839-40, at the age of 
 fourteen years. He was identified with the 
 following named clubs during his residence in 
 Chicago: The Commercial Club; the Chicago, 
 the Calumet, the Union League, Washington 
 Park and Iroquois Clubs; also held a member- 
 ship In the CMcago Stock Exchange. He 
 
 traveled quite extensively, visiting different 
 portions 01 ihe United States and twice mak- 
 ing a tour to Europe. 
 
 in religious attiuation Mr. Grannis was an 
 Episcopalian, for nearly thirty years serving 
 as Senior Warden of Trinity Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church, Chicago. Politically he was a 
 Democrat during most of his life, but on the 
 adoption of the 16-to-l silver standard in 1896, 
 being a zealous supporter of the gold standard, 
 espoused the principles of the Republican 
 party. 
 
 Mr. Grannis was first married at Montpelier, 
 Vt., to Lucia Louisa Baldwin, a native of that 
 city. On February 19, 1868, he was married in 
 Chicago to Clara Jane Brown, who was born 
 in Cohocton, Steuben County, N. Y., and of 
 this union were born the following named 
 children: Jane Dustin, born January 13, 1869, 
 and marrieu, November 8, 1892, Henry H. Hol- 
 lis of Chicago; Maud Mary, born May 30, 1870, 
 married June 1, 1892, Daniel W. Howland of 
 Boston; Clara Balcom, born April, 1873, died 
 July, 1874; and Uri Balcom, born May 11, 
 1880. 
 
 Mr. Grannis died at his residence, No. 2029 
 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, August 3, 1898, and 
 Mrs. Grannis June 10, 1902. Mr. Grannis was 
 a man of strong character, of sound judgment 
 and marked ability, representing a high type 
 of citizenship. Public-spirited, benevolent and 
 courteous, he enjoyed the respect of a large 
 circle of friends. In his domestic and social 
 life he was devoted to his family and his 
 home, and was a stanch churchman. For near- 
 ly half a century he was prominently identi- 
 fied with the leading commercial and financial 
 interests of Chicago and could well claim the 
 credit for a large share of its growth and 
 prosperity. 
 
 THE GREENLEE BROTHERS. 
 
 RALPH STEBBINS and ROBERT LEMUEL 
 GREENLEE, twin brothers, well known 
 throughout the West as foundrymen and manu- 
 facturers of machinery and stove-repairs, have 
 been identified with the industrial and mer- 
 cantile history of Chicago for nearly forty 
 years. The family to which they belong is of 
 Scotch-Irish lineage ,and their paternal an- 
 cestors were driven from Scotland by reli- 
 gious persecution. Their American progenitors, 
 on emigrating to this country, first settled in 
 Delaware. Later the family removed to Craw- 
 ford County, Pa., where, in Summerhill Town- 
 ship, the twins were born, April 13, 1848. 
 
 Their father, Edmund Greenlee, was born on 
 the old family homestead, in Meadville, Pa., 
 March 31, 1811. He was a man of keen intel- 
 lect, remarkable inventive genius, robust con- 
 stitution and great physical strength. He 
 lived to attain the extraordinary age of four- 
 score and seven years, dying September 4, 
 1898. His wife, Mary Wright Stebbins, was a 
 descendant of English ancestors, who emi- 
 grated to America in 1633, and settled at 
 Springfield, Mass., where she was born Sep- 
 tember 13, 1808. Her father, Thomas Stebbins, 
 removed to Crawford County, Pa., and it was 
 
896 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 there that she met and married Mr. Greenlee 
 in 1S33; there, too, she passed away, July 19, 
 1S77. The issue of this marriage was three 
 daughters and three sons: Emeline, Ralph S. 
 and Robert L., ilichael, Rachel and Mary. 
 
 The twin brothers, Ralph and Robert, from 
 earliest infancy so closely resembled each 
 other in appearance, that it was with difficulty 
 they could be distinguished; and, even at the 
 present time, they are of the same weight and 
 height. Their educational advantages were the 
 Dest afforded by their native place, and after 
 having passed through the district and graded 
 schools of Summerhill, they began work for 
 their father, who was then conducting an ex- 
 tensive dairy business. His mechanical ingenu- 
 ity devised and perfected machinery which 
 he employed in the manufacture of butter kegs 
 and cheese boxes. The young men were then 
 nineteen years of age, and for six years after 
 leaving school they remained upon the pater- 
 nal farm. The year 1863 marked the beginning 
 of a new era in their life history, as it was 
 then that they came to Chicago where their 
 first business venture was the opening of a 
 cooper's shop. Bringing into use the mechani- 
 cal knowledge obtained from their father, they 
 installed machinery. This step aroused violent 
 opposition on the part of competitors, but the 
 opposition was firmly met and the young firm 
 steadily prospered. Endowed with inventive 
 genius and constructive ability of a high order, 
 it was not many years before they embarked 
 in the manufacture of wood-working machin- 
 ery. New methods were adopted, and new in- 
 ventions patented from time to time, until 
 the Greenlee machines have achieved a world- 
 wide notoriety. Immediately after the fire of 
 1871, the brothers removed to their present 
 works on West Twelfth Street. In 1898 a con- 
 flagration swept away the greater portion of 
 their plant, entailing a loss of a quarter mil- 
 lion dollars; but they lost no time in rebuild- 
 ing and, within a year, were able to fill orders 
 even on a larger scale than before. The cor- 
 porate name of the concern is Greenlee Broth- 
 ers & Company, Ralph S. being President, 
 Robert L., Vice-President, and William B. (son 
 of the latter). Secretary. Other manufacturing 
 enterprises in which the firm has been engaged 
 include the Northwestern Stove-Repair Com- 
 pany (the largest concern of the kind in the 
 world), and the Greenlee Foundry Company, 
 both established in 1883. 
 
 On February 15, 1865, Mr. Ralph S. Greenlee 
 was married to Elizabeth, daughter of William 
 Brooks, Esq., of East Canada, long prominent 
 in the ministerial councils of the conservative 
 party In the Dominion. A little more than two 
 years afterward (April 11, ]8fi7), Robert L. 
 married Emily, another daughter of Mr. Brooks. 
 To Mr and Mrs. Ralph S. Greenlee has been 
 born a daughter, Gertrude, now wife of .lames 
 A. I»iinKl)urg, while Rf)bprt L. and his wife 
 are the parents of one son and two daughters. 
 The Hon, William Brooks CJreenlee, named for 
 his maternal grandfather, Is a graduate of 
 Cornell fnlverslty, and is associated with his 
 
 father and uncle in business. The two daugh- 
 ters, Grace and Isabel, are both graduates from 
 Ogontz Seminary, Philadelphia, the former of 
 the class of 1891 and the latter the class of 
 1895. 
 
 In physique the brothers Greenlee are essen- 
 tially "manly men" — five feet, ten inches in 
 height, and each weighing one hundred and 
 eighty-five pounds. Their kindly expression of 
 countenance does not belie their inbred court- 
 esy or their gentle consideration for others.- 
 Famed equally for scrupulous integrity and 
 broad charity, they have won success through 
 indomitable will power and untiring energy. 
 Worthy charities and the cause of education 
 for the masses have always successfully ap- 
 pealed to their support. They have been ex- 
 tensive travelers, both in their own country 
 and abroad, thus adding to their fund of gen- 
 eral knowledge and broadening their views of 
 men and things. Their justly acquired fortunes 
 are monuments to their honesty and good judg- 
 ment, yet their more lasting memorial will 
 exist in the good which they have silently and 
 unostentatiously accomplished. 
 
 GREENVILLE M. GROSS. 
 Greenville M. Gross, dry-goods commission, 
 was born in New Gloucester, Maine, May 24, 
 1846, a son of Sewall and (Caroline E. (Par- 
 sons) Gross, the former a native of New 
 Gloucester, and the latter of North Yarmouth, 
 Maine. The paternal great-grandparents were 
 
 Thomas and J (Woodman) Gross, both of 
 
 whom were born in Massachusetts. The grand- 
 parents, Isaac and Sally (Woodman) Gross, 
 were natives respectively of Massachusetts and 
 Maine. On the maternal side of the family the 
 great-grandparents were Samuel and Lucy 
 (Lufkin) Bacon, the grandparents being David 
 and Mary (Bacon) Parsons, the latter of whom 
 was bOrn in Maine. The ancestors of Mr. 
 Gross, on both the father's and mother's side, 
 emigrated from Massachusetts, where, as the 
 records show, they lived in 1641. In his politi- 
 cal views Mr. Gross is a Republican, and in 
 religion adheres to the Protestant faith. In 
 June, 1869, he was married at Portland, Maine, 
 to Ella G. Ross, and of this union one child, 
 Philip, was born. After the death of his wife, 
 Mr. (iross married, in April, 1882, at St. Louis, 
 Mo., Eugenia Schofield, and they are the par- 
 ents of one child, Schofield. 
 
 JACOB GROSS. 
 This gentleman, whose name is familiar to 
 the people of Illinois as a former State Treas- 
 urer, and to his friends as a kind-hearted, 
 generous man with an open, candid disposition 
 and strong hand for those whom he esteems 
 his friends, was born in Jacobsweiler, Rhen- 
 ish Bavaria, Germany, February 11, 1840, and 
 received his education in the parish schools of 
 his native place and in the Brown School of 
 Chicago. His father, Henry Gross, died when 
 the son was but thirteen years of age, and In 
 1855, his mother, Barbara (Lotz) Gross, with 
 her four children, sailed from Havre In the 
 
HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 897 
 
 ship "Elizabeth," and landed in New York 
 after twenty-eight aays on the ocean, reaching 
 Chicago, July 1st of the same year. «he 
 brought some means with her, and was able 
 to give her children a very fair start m the 
 world. Jacob Gross, after completing a course 
 at the Brown School with creuit, took up the 
 tinsmith trade, at which he served a regular 
 apprenticeship that he might become a master 
 workman. For some six months he worked 
 as a journeyman, and then going to Richton 
 became a clerk in the store of his brother-in- 
 law. He was thus employed when the Civil 
 War broke out, and he soon enlisted in Com- 
 pany B, Eighty-second Illinois Volunteer In- 
 fantry, and made a most creditable record as 
 a soldier. During his service he participated 
 in many of the hardest fought battles of the 
 war, until May 25, 1864, when in the battle of 
 New Hope, Ga., he was wounded by a rifle ball, 
 which so shattered the bones of his right leg 
 that amputation became necessary. For many 
 months he was under treatment in a hospital 
 at Chattanooga, finally being honorably dis- 
 charged on February 14, 1865. 
 
 In 1866 Mr. Gross received an appointment 
 as a Deputy Police Clerk in the city of Chi- 
 cago, serving two years, after which he was 
 elected West Town Collector, a position which 
 he filled for three terms. In 1872 he was elect- 
 ed Clerk of the Cook County Circuit Court, 
 and was twice re-elected, serving until 1884, 
 when he was nominated for the office of State 
 Treasurer on the Republican ticket, and was 
 triumphantly elected. He served two years 
 with distinction, and then retired to private 
 life, to devote himself to his banking interest, 
 having become a member of the banking firm 
 of Felsenthal, Gross & Miller. This organiza- 
 tion was made a State Bank in 1891, and Mr. 
 Gross became its Vice-President, but resigned 
 in • 1896 on account of failing health. Since 
 that time he has lived in retirement. Mr. 
 Gross has always been a Republican, and for 
 many years took an active part in political 
 affairs. Of late years, however, his interest has 
 been limited to voting and friendly discus- 
 sion. He belongs to Lodge No. 557, A. F. & 
 A. M., and U. S. Grant Post No. 28, G. A. R. 
 
 Mr. Gross was married to Emma Schade in 
 Chicago, October 20, 1870, and they now have 
 three children: Mamie, who is the wife of 
 William Falk; William H., and Flora, married 
 to J. L. Seyl. Mr. Gross has m\ade an envi- 
 able record as a brave soldier, a capable and 
 efficient public official and an honorable and 
 upright business man. He is widely known 
 and thoroughly esteemed. 
 
 GEORGE H. GUENTHER. 
 Attorney and counsellor at law. Blue Island 
 and Chicago, was born at Blue Island, Cook 
 County, 111., March 31, 1877, the son of Theo- 
 dore and Catharine (Rech) Guenther, both of 
 whom were natives of Germany. The father 
 and mother were early settlers of Blue Island, 
 and the father was prominent in local and 
 County politics, and held a number of local 
 
 offices, including that of County Commissioner 
 of Cook County for three years. He died Feb. 
 
 26, 1894. The son, George H., was educated in 
 the public schools of Blue Island, the Chicago 
 Manual Training School and Cornell Univer- 
 sity, graduating from the latter in 1898. He 
 was admitted to the bar in 1899, and has 
 since been a practicing attorney with offices 
 at No. 84 Washington Street, Chicago. He is 
 a Republican in politics and takes a deep in- 
 terest in local municipal and public aft'airs, 
 having been elected to the office of City At- 
 torney for the flourishing suburban city of 
 Blue Island, to which he was chosen at the 
 election of 1901, and in 1903 without opposi- 
 tion; and in 1904 he became Assistant State's 
 Attorney, which office he held under the Hon. 
 Charles S. Deneen, until the election of the 
 latter as Governor. A young man of vigorous 
 character and commendable ambition, Mr. 
 Guenther has a promising future before him, 
 and it is safe to say will luake his mark in the 
 affairs of his city and county and state. 
 
 HERMON C. HAAS. 
 Lieutenant Engine No. 24, Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, was born in Chicago, November 25, 
 1859, and educated at the Dearborn and Skin- 
 ner schools, later worked for the Grain In- 
 spector until December 17, 1884, when he 
 joined the Fire Department, being then as- 
 signed to Engine No. 1. He was subsequently 
 transferred to Engine 17, still later to Truck 
 12, and then to Engine 31, 23, 10 and 18; was 
 promoted to Lieutenant, August 3, 1898, and 
 assigned to Engine 44; transferred to Engine 
 23, August 3, 1899, and later to Engine 24, 
 where (1904) he is still on duty. He has al- 
 ways been fortunate as regards serious acci- 
 dent, but has had many narrow escapes. His 
 father, Louis Haas, came to Chicago in 1837, 
 and was a volunteer fireman on Waubansia 
 Engine No. 2, located at the corner of Franklin 
 and Washington Streets. Lieutenant Haas was 
 married, in Chicago, October 3, 1885, to Polly 
 O'Conner, and two children have been born 
 to them. He has always shown himself ready 
 to respond to every call of duty whether of 
 rescue for others or facing danger. 
 
 WILLIAM HAAS. 
 William Haas, Blue Island, Cook County, 111., 
 was born in the city of St. Louis, Mo., March 
 
 27, 1845, the son of Jacob J. and Catharine 
 (Naas) Haas, both his parents being natives 
 of France, the father born in Paris and the 
 mother in Lorraine. Mr. Haas' paternal grand- 
 parents, Jacob and Mary (Atzel) Haas, were 
 natives of Germany, the former of Alsace and 
 the latter of Strasburg. His grandfather on 
 the maternal side, Jacob Naas, was born in 
 Lorraine, then a Department of France, but 
 now a part of Germany. Mr. Haas was edu- 
 cated in his native city of St. Louis, was a 
 soldier of the Civil war, and by occupation is 
 a clerk. On July 22, 1869, he was married 
 to Lena Peglow, who was born in Germany 
 and educated at La Porte, Ind., and who died 
 
898 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 January 4, 1901. On November 2, 1904, Mr. 
 Haas was married to Miss Anna D. Volp, of 
 Blue Island, 111. Mr. uaas' political aitilia- 
 tions are with the Republican party, and in 
 religious belief he is a Methoaist. Fraternally 
 he is associated with the Masonic Order, being 
 a Royal Arch Mason and a member of the 
 Royal Arcanum; is also a member of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic, in which he has 
 held the oflBce of Post Commander in Blue 
 Island Post, No. 473, for two full terms. 
 
 SIMEON FRANK HALL. 
 
 Simeon Frank Hall, live-stock commission 
 merchant, was born in Senecaville, Guernsey 
 County, Ohio, January 28, 1840, and educated 
 in the public schools. After leaving school he 
 bought and shipped live stock from Ohio to 
 New York and Baltimore. In 1864 he went 
 to Richland Centre, Wis., where he bought 
 and shipped live stock to Chicago until 1872. 
 Then coming to Chicago on Etecember 3, 1872, 
 he went into partnership with Frank D. Pat- 
 terson, under the firm name of Hall, Patterson 
 & Co., which style continued until 1880, when 
 Mr. Hall withdrew and, with J. E. Greer and 
 William Hall organized the firm of Hall, 
 Greer & Co. In 1885 Mr. Greer retired from 
 this firm, and Simeon F. and William Hall 
 formed the firm of Hall Brothers, which style 
 was changed in 1890 to Frank Hall & Co., and 
 so remained until the subject of this sketch 
 was injured in 1898. In August, 1899, he con- 
 nected himself with the firm of G. B. Van 
 Orman, Shattuck, Paxson & Co., where he can 
 now be found ready to attend to the wants of 
 his many customers and friends, with his usual 
 promptness and dispatch. 
 
 Mr. Hall married Miss Alice Archer, in Sen- 
 ecaville, Ohio, September 10, 1859, and seven 
 children have blessed this union, five of whom 
 are now living. Mrs. Hall passed away March 
 28. 1873. On July 12. 1890, Mr. Hall married 
 Miss Mary Howard in Charleston, S. C, and 
 two children have been born to them. 
 
 JOHN HALLBERG, 
 Driver, Hook & Ladder Co. No. 20, was born 
 in Sweden, June 6, 1844, and educated in the 
 public schools and an agricultural institute of 
 his native country. He came to America June 
 6, 1865, and commenced work on a farm near 
 Paxion, Ford County, 111., and was foreman 
 on the farm (containing 44,000 acres), remain- 
 ing there eight years; moved to Chicago in 
 ls73. and on April 1. 1876, joined the Town of 
 Lake Fire Department, as driver on Truck JSo. 
 3, remained there for eight years when he re- 
 signed. May 1, 1886, he was appointed driver 
 on Truck 4, Town of I..ake, and remained there 
 until the annexaiion to the city of Chicago 
 when he wa« appointed on Truck 20, and has 
 remained in the same position ever since. He 
 haH had many narrow escapes, but is still on 
 duty, ready for any emergency. Mr. Hallberg 
 waH married to Mary G. Delomot In Chicago 
 on April 8. 1872, and six children, two daugh- 
 terH and four uunB. have blessed their union, 
 
 five of whom are living: Lida, Jennie (de- 
 ceased), Varna, Ernest, Tagge and John. The 
 oldest son, varna, volunteered in the United 
 States Navy and served during the Spanish- 
 American War. 
 
 ASHLEIGH C. HALLIWELL. 
 
 Ashleigh C. Halliwell, President Halliwell & 
 Baum Company, proprietors of "Chicago 
 Live Stock World" (daily paper), was born in 
 at. Louis, Mo., .November 11, ls6,, and after 
 receiving a brief schooling, at an early age 
 began to "paddle his own canoe." From St. 
 Louis he went with his parents to Mississippi, 
 Kentucky and Ohio, for some years being em- 
 ployed in the "Cincinnati Times" job printing 
 rooms. On October 2, 1877, ne entered into 
 the employ of Mr. H. L. Goodall, founding the 
 "Drovers' Journal," at the Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, remaining there until November 19, 
 1900. He started with Mr. Goodall as a com- 
 bination market reporter and "printer's devil," 
 and advanced to the position of "editor," re- 
 maining in that capacity until he resigned and 
 organized the Halliwell & Baum Company, as 
 proprietors of the new market paper, "Live 
 Stock World," which does a large printing busi- 
 ness. The subscription list of the paper is 
 rapidly increasing under the new organiza- 
 tion. The "Breeder's Gazette" gave the fol- 
 lowing flattering and deserved tribute: 
 
 "A New Makkkt Papkr. — A. C. Halliwell, 
 who was for twenty-three years in cuarge of 
 the market department of the 'Drovers' Jour- 
 nal,' Union Stock Yards, Chicago, and who 
 stands at the head of the list of writers on the 
 trade in market stock, has recently severed 
 his connection with the 'Journal,' and has as- 
 sociated himself with Will F. Baum, in the 
 publication of the 'Chicago Live Stock World,' 
 a market paper published daily at the Chicago 
 Yards. Its market reports are made by Mr. 
 Halliwell, and therefore carry with them the 
 authority of one of the most experienced and 
 best informed men in that department that the 
 trade has yet developed. The 'Live Stock 
 World' is covering its field thoroughly and 
 reliably and presents a bright and newsy ap- 
 pearance. Tne field afforded by the daily trans- 
 actions at the Union Stock Yards is a very 
 large one, and requires in its journalistic 
 treatment a broad and thorough acquaintance 
 with market conditions and the men who 
 make the market; and these qualifications Mr. 
 Halliwell possesses in an unexcelled degree. 
 His years of work in that line have earned 
 for him an enviable reputation as- an author- 
 ity, and his uniformly courteous bearing has 
 won for him hosts of friends, all of whom will 
 wish him the fuiiest measure of success in his 
 new enterprise. In this the Gazette joins." 
 
 Mr. Halliwell was married to Miss Alice M. 
 Drake, in Chiciifro, .Inly 3, 1888. Four children 
 have blessed this union. 
 
 HENRY S. HALSTED. 
 Henry S. Halsted was born at Colne, Lan- 
 cashire, England, September 18, 1826, the son 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 899 
 
 of Joseph and Harriet (Smith) Halsted. The 
 father was a well-known cotton manuiacturer, 
 and gave his son a liberal eaucation in the 
 scnoois of his native town, m his youth, 
 young Halsted began the study of meaicine, 
 and, as a preliminary, served an apprentice- 
 ship with an apothecary, the customary course 
 at that time, but failing health caused him to 
 change his plans and give up his chosen pro- 
 fession. 
 
 In 1855 Mr. Halsted decided to come to 
 America, and located temporarily in Canada, 
 removing a little later to Chicago, lii. In 1866 
 he purchased tne schooner "Minnesota,' and 
 this departure was the foundation of a thriv- 
 ing business which he soon established, first 
 becoming agent, then owner of a large fleet of 
 vessels trading principally between Chicago 
 and Buffalo. January lU, 1860, he married Miss 
 Ann Pineger of Boone County, 111., daughter 
 of William Pineger, a prosperous land owner 
 and farmer. In the early '60s Mr. Halsted be- 
 came a member of the Chicago Board of Trade, 
 carrying on a large business in the shipping 
 of grain and in marine insurance. The prin- 
 ciples of honesty, fair dealing and tenacity of 
 purpose, which had always been conspicuous 
 traits, characterized his labors in this new 
 field and won for him many additional friends 
 and patrons who were glad to acknowledge his 
 sterling worth and business ability. 
 
 Politically Mr. Halsted was a Republican, 
 and though he was never eager for oflice or 
 self-aggrandizement, he ever held the interest 
 of his party at heart. Without professions 
 or ostentation, or affiliating with any sect, Mr. 
 Halsted was a conscientious Christian gentle- 
 man. He was a man of kindly, genial disposi- 
 tion and temperament, who was charitably in- 
 clined, and ever ready to lend a helping hand 
 whenever deserving opportunity offered. As a 
 husband and father he was ideal, being de- 
 voted to the home circle and caring most for 
 the quiet of a domestic life. He passed away 
 April 23, 1882. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Halsted were the parents of 
 seven children, four of whom survive the 
 father. Of these four, Joseph is in the Archi- 
 tectural Iron Business, Henry P. is interested 
 In Insurance, Lucy Dale is the wife of George 
 M. Harvey, and Annie W. remains with the 
 mother at the homestead. 
 
 D. HARRY HAMMER. 
 
 The name of D. Harry Hammer was writ 
 large in the professional and political progress 
 of Chicago for more than three decades. He 
 was a native of the State in which he main- 
 tained a lifelong citizenship, having been born 
 at Springfield, 111., on the twenty-third day 
 of December, eighteen hundred and forty. 
 
 His parents, John and Eliza (Witmer) Ham- 
 mer, were descendants of good old revolution- 
 ary stock, and his maternal grandfather (Wit- 
 mer) was a soldier in the war of 1812. They 
 removed to the then far west in eighteen 
 hundred and thirty-seven, young home-seekers 
 from Hagerstown, Maryland. They located 
 
 first at Springfield, Illinois, where several chil- 
 dren were born to them. A stanch friend of 
 the family at that time was the Honorable 
 David Harry, M. C, and in recognition of that 
 friendship this son was christened David 
 Harry. While he was still a lad, the family 
 removed to Ogle County, Illinois, to the vicin- 
 ity of the old town of Oregon, and here he 
 grew to manhood. His education was begun 
 in the public schools, and continued at Rock 
 River Seminary at Mount Morris, one of the 
 oldest institutions of learning in the State. 
 Thence he went, with other youths, to Free- 
 port, to hear the now historic debate between 
 Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas. 
 This event marked a turning point in his ca- 
 reer, and he determined to adopt the profes- 
 sion of the law. He soon after entered the law 
 department of the University of Michigan, from 
 which he graduated with the class of eighteen 
 hundred and sixty-five. From the date of his 
 admission to the bar his progress was stead- 
 ily onward and upward, and he soon counted 
 among his clients numerous corporations and 
 individuals from distant cities in addition to a 
 flourishing local practice. In 1879 he was ap- 
 pointed Justice of the Peace by Governor Cul- 
 lom for a period of four years, and at the ex- 
 piration of that time Governor Hamilton re- 
 appointed him for another term. In testimony 
 of his popularity while in this office, the fact 
 may be cited that he disposed of an average 
 of more than four thousand cases each year 
 during his long term of service. Later he be- 
 came Master in Chancery for the Superior 
 Court of Cook County, and also served several 
 years as Alderman in the Common Council, 
 from the Fourth Ward, with credit to him- 
 self and his constituents. In politics he was 
 throughout his life an unswerving and con- 
 sistent Republican, and for many years was 
 practically a dictator in the ward in which he 
 lived. 
 
 He was, at different periods of his career, 
 bank director, president of various clubs and 
 societies both civic and political, and always a 
 gentleman and a scholar. His private library 
 comprised Several thousand volumes and was 
 said to be one of the choicest in Chicago, rich 
 in flrst editions, rare "out-of-print" folios and 
 autograph copies. 
 
 Mr. Hammer was a member of Chevalier 
 Bayard Commandery, Knights Templar, Ori- 
 ental Consistory, Royal Arcanum, the city and 
 State Bar Associations, and many smaller soci- 
 eties, and claimed membership in the Union 
 League, Calumet, Hamilton, Washington Park 
 and Twentieth Century Clubs. He had traveled 
 extensively, not only abroad, but in his own 
 country, and kept always abreast of the times. 
 
 Mr. Hammer married, in 1874, Mrs. Mary E. 
 Carpenter (born Bower) who survives him. 
 They have two living children. Hazel H., wife 
 of Carl H. Paddock of Denver, and D. Harry 
 Hammer, junior. Mr. Hammer adopted Maud 
 Carpenter when he married her mother, and 
 she now resides in Boston, the wife of Ernest 
 R. Sharpe, of that city. 
 
goo 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 The most beautiful side of the blameless 
 life of D. Harry Hammer was turned ever 
 toward his home, and one who knew him 
 best has said: "as husband and father he was 
 ideal." A high sense of honor characterized 
 him throughout his career, the keystone of his 
 lite being that divine command, "Whatsoever 
 ye would that men should do to you, do ye 
 even so to them." This was to him not only 
 a law but a religion; the handwriting on the 
 wall that guided his life, the key to success, 
 the open sesame to justice, the essential ele- 
 ment that made for right living in this world 
 and in the life to come, which began for him 
 on the twenty-ninth day of March, nineteen 
 hundred and four. 
 
 M. W. HANLEY. 
 M. W. Hanley, Superintendent Armour's 
 Grain Elevators, who was born in Menasha, 
 Wis., November 10, 1S50, and was educated in 
 the Menasha High School and Lawrence Uni- 
 versity (.Appleton), Wis., is the youngest of 
 six sons, who, with two younger sisters, con- 
 stituted the family. He worked at various in- 
 dustries during his boyhood, and coming to 
 Chicago at an early age finally entered the 
 employ of Munger, Wheeler & Co., proprietors 
 of grain elevators. Later he was superintend- 
 ent of the Indiana Elevator, then of the Wa- 
 bash, and in 1888 entered the employ of Ar- 
 mour & Company, as superintendent of their 
 A & B Elevators, and was largely instrumental 
 in increasing the elevator and grain business 
 of the company until it has assumed its present 
 mammoth proportions. He is well known to 
 the railroad and vessel interests of Chicago. 
 By strict attention to the business of Armour 
 & Company, he has proved himself a valuable 
 employe, and especially in the line of building 
 and rebuilding their elevators, the last one 
 being in place of the one destroyed by fire, 
 and called Armour Elevator D, which is the 
 largest modern elevator in use, being equipped 
 with the most modern machinery. This ele- 
 vator is capable of unloading 300 cars of grain 
 per day, and cleaning the same with improved 
 machinery, as well as shipping the same 
 amount per day by cars and boats. It was 
 built in 1898, commenced operating May, 1899, 
 can handle 110,000 bushels per hour, and has 
 a capacity of 1,800,000 bushels of grain, with 
 the largest cleaning house in the world. It has 
 nine oat clippers, with a capacity of 1,500 
 bushels per hour for each clipper, and ten 
 cleaners of wheat, corn and barley. It has a 
 cross-compound Corliss Engine, of 1,800-horse 
 power and eight 250-horsc power vertical water 
 tube iKjJIers; one 30-kilowat generator, produc- 
 ing .500 to fiOO incandescent electric lights per 
 hour; two 1,000 gallon flre-pots for fire pur- 
 poseHi one pair djiplex feed pumps; and one 
 2.000-horHe power open heater, with rope drive 
 2.WK)-horBf' power; ha.s also a 20-feet bard 
 wheel, which, with the shaft, weighs ninety- 
 two tons. ThJH ^'levator Is quite in contrast 
 with tho old orlRlnal elevator on South Water 
 and I>earborn Streets, which was operated In 
 
 1850 by the Walker interest One mule fur- 
 nished the power used to elevate the grain re- 
 ceived largely in bags. 
 
 CHARLES A. HANSEN. 
 Charles A. Hansen, Pilot, Engine No. 58 
 (Fire-Boat "Chicago"), Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Dramen, Norway, May 16, 
 1859, educated in the public schools of his 
 native country, and came to Quebec in May, 
 1879, then went to Buffalo, and to Chicago in 
 September following. He was employed on 
 the lakes until September 20, 1891, when he 
 joined the Fire Department, being assigned on 
 Truck 4; was transferred to "Fire Queen" (No. 
 71) and assigned as Pilot, December 29, 1892; 
 was transferred, February 8, 1894, to Fire-Boat 
 "Chicago," remaining there three and a half 
 years. He was then transferred again to the 
 "Fire Queen," July 15, 1897, and to Fire-Boat 
 "Yosemite," August 17, 1899; and again to Fire- 
 Boat "Chicago," Nov. 2, 1900, where he still 
 remains ready for any call. Has had many 
 narrow escapes. He was married in Chicago, 
 Sept. 1, 1887, to Miss Martha Anderson. 
 
 THOMAS H. HARLESS. 
 Thomas H. Harless (deceased) was born in 
 the State of Ohio, July 15, 1811, the son of 
 Henry Harless, who was a soldier of the War 
 of 1812 and a farmer by occupation. His 
 parents were natives of Germany and both died 
 in Ohio in 1819. Ihus left an orphan at eight 
 years of age, the son was thrown upon his own 
 resources in early life, becoming in the fullest 
 sense of the word, a "self-made man." In 
 1850 he engaged in the mercantile business at 
 Henry, 111., but in 1853 came to Chicago, where 
 he became an important factor in business 
 affairs. He first built a house on Monroe 
 Street near Clark (LaSalle), where he lived 
 until 1858. After his death this ground was 
 sold by his widow, and is now the site of the 
 New York Life Insurance Building. In 1858 
 he built four houses on Wabash Avenue be- 
 tween Sixteenth and Eighteenth Streets, and 
 during his stay in Chicago, resided in one of 
 these at 1705 Wabash Avenue, the site now oc- 
 cupied by the Kohlsaat Bakery. On coming 
 to Chicago he first engaged in the lumber 
 trade as a member of the firm of Harless & 
 Lancaster, but in 1854 their property was de- 
 stroyed by fire. From 1854 to 1864 he was 
 interested in the commission business with 
 Thomas Parker, on the Chicago Board of 
 Trade, under the firm name of Harless & 
 Parker. In 1864 he again engaged in the lum- 
 ber business, the firm being Harless, I.iancaster 
 & Bishop. While connected with the Board of 
 Trade he assisted in the erection of the Board 
 of Trade Building on I.^ke Street, and was Vice 
 President of the Board for a time. In 1863 he 
 took a prominent part in securing the passage 
 by the Legislature of an act incorporating a 
 street railroad system under iho name of the 
 "Wabash Railroad Company," of which he was 
 named in the act as one of the incorporators 
 and of the first Board of Directors, the other 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 901 
 
 two being Horace A. Hurlbut and Charles 
 Hitchcock. This enterprise was one of the 
 most comprehensive of its Ivind ever projected 
 in Chicago, as it provided for a line on Wabasn 
 Avenue from Lake Street to Twelfth, with 
 branch lines on Twelfth Street to Michigan 
 Avenue and south to me city limits; on the 
 Archer Road; on Monroe, Wells and Lake 
 Streets; on Dea riaines and Milwaukee Ave- 
 nue northwest to the city limits; on Van Buren 
 Street and Blue Island Avenue; on Rush Street 
 and North Clark — in fact, covering the most 
 important portions of the Street railroad sys- 
 tem as it exists in the central part of the city 
 of Chicago today. In 1868 Mr. Harless re- 
 moved with his family to Merom, Ind., where 
 he continued to reside during the remainder 
 of his life. 
 
 October 5, 1849, Mr. Harless was married to 
 Miss Barbara Ann King, who was born in In- 
 diana, July 12, 1831, her father being a native 
 of Kentucky and her mother of Pennsylvania. 
 Two brothers of Mrs. Harless served in the 
 Civil War, one of them being Killed in the 
 service. Mr. and Mrs. Harless had eight chil- 
 dren — seven sons, and one daughter. Of these 
 four are still living: T. H., Charles D., W. W. 
 and E. Nora — the latter now Mrs. Brown. W. 
 W. Harless served as a Captain and Regi- 
 mental Quarter-master in the Seventh Illinois 
 Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish-Ameri- 
 can War. 
 
 Mr. Harless was a member of the Christian 
 Church and a Democrat in politics. During 
 his residence in Chicago he traveled extensive- 
 ly, making frequent business trips to New York. 
 He founded a life scholarship in the Union 
 Christian College at Merom, Ind., and besides 
 made many liberal donations to charitable and 
 other institutions. His death occurred at his 
 home at Merom, February 4, 1870. He was of a 
 genial and social temperament and correct 
 habits, being a total abstainer from the use of 
 both liquors and tobacco. 
 
 WILLIAM HARPOLE. 
 
 William Harpole is a man who has risen 
 from humble conditions in early life to afflu- 
 ence in his last years, and who throughout a 
 long and active career has never forfeited the 
 respect and confidence of those with whom he 
 has been associated by dishonest or under- 
 handed means. He belongs to that old-fashioned 
 school of business men, whose word needs no 
 bond to make it good as gold, and his simple 
 and straightforward character is clear as the 
 daylight. Such men abounded in a former 
 generation; men were just as eager to get on, 
 just as enterprising, just as ambitious; but 
 the individual character was not then swal- 
 lowed up in the great impersonal "Company." 
 The historian lingers lovingly over such a 
 character, and would trace it gladly beyond 
 the limits of a sketch like this. 
 
 Mr. Harpole was born near South Charles- 
 ton, Ohio, January 28, 1828, where he was 
 reared and received his education in the dis- 
 trict schools. When he became a young man 
 
 he early went into the cattle business, and 
 drove several herds from Ohio to Lancaster, 
 Pa., meeting w..„ good success, and gaining 
 much experience in the art of buying and sell- 
 ing cattle successfully. In 1845 he came to 
 Illinois, though still very young for engaging 
 in business, bought cattle in the central part 
 of the State, feeding them in Sangamon, Mor- 
 gan and Macon Counties, and then driving 
 them east, sold his stock in Pennsylvania or 
 New York. 
 
 His eyes had long been turned to Chicago 
 as a suitable field for the exercise of his busi- 
 ness talents, and in 1874 he established the 
 live-stock firm of Harpole & Lott, James P. 
 Lott being his associate. They located at the 
 Union Stock Yards, and very soon built up a 
 trade of large proportions, which carried their 
 name into every part of the West as thorough- 
 ly honorable and reliable cattle men. Eight 
 years later William T. Dickson became a mem- 
 ber of the firm, which then became Dickson, 
 Harpole & Lott. For four years the firm re- 
 mained under this name, then was dissolved to 
 give way to the firm of Harpole, Andrews & 
 Perry, George Andrews and Alva Perry being 
 the associated partners. In 1886 this firm was 
 dissolved, being replaced by that of William 
 Harpole & Company, the associate partner be- 
 ing Mr. J. Shinn. Mr. Andrews and Mr. Perry 
 are both deceased. In 1904 W. Harpole is still 
 in business at the head of the firm of Harpole, 
 Shinn & Fry, No. 19, Exchange Building, Union 
 Stock Yards, and, after a most honorable his- 
 tory, is prepared to serve customers with the 
 same promptness and satisfaction that ruled 
 in opening his business years in the great city. 
 
 Mr. Harpole was married in Charleston, Ohio, 
 May 27, 1849, to Miss Ann Amelia Jones, and 
 they have had five children, three of whom are 
 now living, viz.: Enoch, Winfield Scott and 
 Mrs. Augusta (Harpole) Taylor. His domestic 
 relations have been especially fortunate and 
 happy, and Mr. Harpole takes much pride in 
 his family. He is one of the genial, plucky 
 pioneers of an early day, and well deserves 
 whatever measure of good fortune has come to 
 him. 
 
 JOSEPH HARRIS, 
 Chief Clerk, North Pumping Station, Chicago, 
 was born in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, 
 N. Y., February 5, 1834; attended the Dutchess 
 County Academy and Fishkill Academy, grad- 
 uating at the latter. After leaving this insti- 
 tution, he went to learn the watchmaker's trade 
 in New York City. In 1854 he entered the em- 
 ployment of Brown and Kirby, jewelers; in 
 1855 went to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and, in 1856, 
 to Green Bay, Wis., where he purchased a 
 jewelry store and remained until his establish- 
 ment was burned out. after which he enlisted 
 in Company H, Twelfth Wisconsin Infantry, in 
 Green Bay, and later was appointed Paymaster 
 for the General Staff in the Army of the Cum- 
 berland, remaining until near the close of the 
 war, when he was discharged, in February, 
 1865. Returning to Green Bay he there estab- 
 
go 2 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 lished a "Department Store," remaining until 
 his concern was again burned out in 1869. He 
 then came to Chicago, where he was associated 
 with Col. E. R. P. Shurley in the jewelry busi- 
 ness until 1S71, when the large fire of that year 
 destroyed their establishment. Returning to 
 Green Bay he there engaged as bookkeeper for 
 J. D. Gardiner & Company, remaining with the 
 firm seven years. In 1878, he again came to 
 Chicago and engaged with Giles, Bros. & Co., 
 continuing with them tmtil January, 1894, when 
 he went to the Pacific Coast. Again returning 
 to Chicago (.May, 1894), he became connected 
 with the National Lithographing Company; 
 in 1895 entered the employ of Geo. H. Taylor 
 & Co., paper dealers, and later worked for A. 
 M. Church, jeweler, for one year. In Septem- 
 ber. 1897. having passed the civil service exami- 
 nation, he became chief clerk of the North 
 Side Pumping Works, where he has always 
 been a lively worker. He has been a member 
 of Washington Lodge. No. 91, A. F. & A. M., 
 since 1857, also of Green Bay Lodge No. 19, 
 I. 0. O. F. 
 
 He was married in Naugatuck, Conn., in 1854, 
 to Miss Mary F. Bradley, and one child was 
 born to them, which died in infancy. Mrs. 
 Harris passed away December 29, 1857. Mr. 
 Harris' second marriage was with Miss Mary 
 E. Moore in July, 1859. Six children have 
 blessed this union, three of whom are now 
 living. 
 
 JAMES H. HARRIS. 
 
 James H. Harris (deceased), for twenty-six 
 years a prominent manufacturer of Arlington 
 Heights, was born in Baltimore, Md., July 23, 
 1853. In 1856 the family removed to Milwau- 
 kee, Wis., to Bloomington, 111., in 1857, and to 
 Chicago in 1859. In 1875 Mr. Harris took up 
 his residence at Arlington Heights, where he 
 worked for his father and became a practical 
 molder. The business, which was established 
 during that same year was known as the Dia- 
 mond Sewing Machine Company, and was de- 
 stroyed by fire July 14, 1895. September 5th, 
 following. Mr. Harris, having purchased the in- 
 terests of the other partners, erected new build- 
 ings which have, from time to time, been en- 
 larged under the management of Mr. Harris as 
 sole proprietor of the foundry and machine 
 works which bear his name. The establish- 
 ment is equipped with the latest improved 
 machinery in all its branches, inchuling auto- 
 matic screw-cutting machines with fourteen 
 lathes, fourteen drill presses, etc. The foundry 
 turns out sewing-machine stands and other 
 castings, having sale from New York to San 
 Francisco. 
 
 July 14. 1883, Mr. Harris was married to 
 MIks Margaret L. Peter, and they became the 
 parents of five children, three of whom are 
 living: Royal P., Sarah L. and George C. 
 
 Mr. Harris died at his home July 3, 1901. 
 HIh life-work was wrought at Arlington 
 Hf-lghlH. and the memory of his kindly deeds 
 will be fondly cherished by his associates. 
 
 CHARLES HART, 
 Lieutenant, Engine No. 2, Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, was born in Chicago, January 21, 
 1866, was educated in the McClellan public 
 school, and aiter leaving school, was engaged 
 in different kinds of business until he joined 
 the Fire Department, July 15, 1889, being as- 
 signed to Engine No. 63, and during the 
 World's Fair serving as acting Lieutenant. 
 Later he was transferred to Engine 1, was pro- 
 moted to Lieutenant in 1894; transferred to 
 Engine 17, in 1895; to Engine 73 in 1897; to 
 Truck 4, in 1897, and to Engine 82, April 15, 
 1897. Lieutenant Hart was present at the Cold 
 Storage fire, July 10, 1893, and assisted in the 
 rescue of others, but escaped injury. He has 
 had many narrow escapes but has suffered no 
 serious injury. 
 
 PHILIP HARTH. 
 Philip Harth, Wheeling Township, Cook 
 County, 111., is a native of Germany. April 1, 
 1854, at Wheeling, Cook County, he was mar- 
 ried to Mary W. Neinstackler, who died De- 
 cember 7, 1873, leaving six children: Jacob, 
 Philip, William, Lydia, Emma and Mary. Mr. 
 Harth was married to Catherine Weber, his 
 second wife, in 1877. In 1871, he was elected 
 Commissioner of Highways, re-elected in 1874, 
 in 1877 and 1880; also held the oflfice of School 
 Director nine years. 
 
 GEORGE R. HASTINGS. 
 
 This name will recall to the minds of those 
 familiar with the live-stock trade of Chicago 
 at an early day, memories of a man of much 
 force of character and native nobility of soul, 
 btit who has now joined the procession to the 
 "Great Beyond." Mr. Hastings was born in 
 Circleville, Pickaway County, Ohio, September 
 22, 1829, and received his education where so 
 many of the most successful men of the coun- 
 try have been educated, at the district school. 
 He remained at home until 1859, when he 
 joined the tide of western emigrants, bringing 
 up at Chicago, where he soon after united with 
 his brother, L. R. Hastings, and Allan Gre- 
 gory, in the formation of the Gregory & Hast- 
 ings cattle and live-stock firm at the Myrick 
 Stock Yards. After a career of marked success, 
 H. H. Cooley and Jacob Strader became mem- 
 bers of the firm, which was then known as 
 Gregory, Strader & Company. When Mr. Stra- 
 der retired, the firm became Gregory, Cooley 
 & Company, remaining under this title until 
 the death of Mr. Hastings on May 27, 1894. 
 
 Mr. Hastings was a member of the Masonic 
 fraternity, in whose welfare he took much in- 
 terest, and where he was highly honored. He 
 was a man much respected for his kind and 
 genial ways, his friendly spirit and his close 
 attention to business. He was married to Miss 
 Martha Rice, in Goodnow, 111., May 16, 1870. 
 No children survive this union, but they 
 adopted one daughter, Clara, now the wife of 
 Paullin Schinn, who Is still living. In Mr. 
 Hastings career we have a striking illustration 
 of the manly qualities which the men of a by- 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 903 
 
 gone generation possessed in such profusion, 
 and which they so freely used in the making of 
 Chicago the wonderful success it has become. 
 
 LEWIS R. HASTINGS. 
 
 Among the cattlemen and live-stock dealers 
 of the West, few names are more widely known 
 or more generally respected than that of Mr. 
 L. R. Hastings, the veteran Chicago operator, 
 who has passed his life in the breeding, pur- 
 chase and sale of live-stock. Mr. Hastings has 
 spent forty-three of his seventy years in Chi- 
 cago, and by his pluck, perseverance, hard work 
 and probity, has not only accumulated a hand- 
 some fortune but has also materially contrib- 
 uted to the city's commercial growth and pros- 
 perity. He was born in Mount Sterling, Madi- 
 son County, Ohio, January 8, 1831, the son of 
 James Hastings, who was a local preacher in 
 the Campbellite Church. 
 
 Mr. Hastings was one of fourteen children, 
 and left home at an early age to begin his busi- 
 ness career. His first experience was in taking 
 a drove of cattle from Ohio to New York, walk- 
 ing in advance of his charge leading an ox, 
 and traveling at the rate of ten miles a day. 
 Fifty days were consumed, in the journey, and 
 the young cattleman walked home, covering 
 33 1-3 miles a day, being allowed 621/2' cents 
 each day for expenses. In 1852 he removed 
 from Ohio to Illinois, and not long afterwards 
 made another tedious trip, this time to Penn- 
 sylvania, the journey requiring seventy days' 
 time. He returned on foot as far as the Illi- 
 nois State Line, and completed his journey on 
 horseback, the luxury of riding increasing his 
 daily expenses from sixty cents to one dollar. 
 
 In 1858 he engaged in business in Chicago 
 with Allan Gregory, the firm name being Gre- 
 gory & Hastings. Their location was at the 
 old Myrick Stock Yards, on Cottage Grove Ave- 
 nue, between Twenty-ninth and Thirty-fifth 
 Streets, until the Union Stock Yards and Tran- 
 sit Company erected the Exchange Building in 
 1866, when they took up quarters there. Some 
 three years later Messrs. H. H. Cooley and 
 Jacob Strader became members of the firm, the 
 name being changed to Gregory. Strader & 
 Company, and, upon the retirement of Mr. Stra- 
 der, the firm name was changed to Gregory, 
 Cooley & Company. 
 
 The business of the concern steadily and 
 rapidly grew, until its invested capital reached 
 $500,000 and the annual sales (in 1882) 
 amounted to 200,000 head of cattle. Much of 
 the conduct of the business devolved upon Mr. 
 Hastings, who has personally sold 4,960 ani- 
 mals in a day and 155,000 in the course of 
 twelve months. Upon the death of Mr. Cooley 
 in 1893, the style of the firm once more became 
 Gregory & Hastings. Four years later Mr. Gre- 
 gory's death terminated a business partnership 
 of forty years, and Mr. Hastings wound up the 
 affairs of the concern. He also owns large and 
 valuable interests in ranches and other prop- 
 erty in Texas. 
 
 Mr. Hastings was married, in 1857, to Miss 
 Cynthia Ann McMillin, who was born at In- 
 
 dianola, Vermilion County, 111., January 2, 1836, 
 and who died in 1899. Of their five children, 
 three are yet living: D. Frank, Eleanor and 
 Carrie. Frank married Luella Sidell, and Elea- 
 nor became the wife of John J. McRoberts. Mr. 
 Hastings died near his ranch in Texas, Sep- 
 tember 22, 1900. 
 
 The careers of such men are full of interest 
 to the general reader, while to those just cross- 
 ing the threshold of business life, their story 
 is at once an incentive and an encouragement. 
 They go to show that, without the adventitious 
 aids of birth, fortune or influence, energetic 
 effort and an unsullied name are the best step- 
 ping-stones to fortune. 
 
 JOSEPH F. HATCH. 
 Joseph F. Hatch, attorney-at-law, Chicago, 
 and ex-Deputy Secretary of State, was born in 
 Pike, Wyoming County, N. Y., February 25, 
 1837, educated in the public schools and Albany 
 Law School, and, after leaving the law school, 
 came to Chicago in December, 1855, where he 
 entered the law office of Willard & Hooper, 
 remaining two years. He then went to Mound 
 City, Kan., practicing law there until 1860, 
 when he returned to Chicago, and in 1861 went 
 to Sacramento, Cal., and from there to Carson 
 City, Nevada, in 1862, where he held the office 
 of Deputy Secretary of State for six years. 
 Again returning to Chicago in 1868, he has 
 practiced his profession here ever since. Mr. 
 Hatch married Gertrude A. Hildreth, in Car- 
 son City, Nevada, in 1863, and four children 
 have been born to them, two of whom are now 
 living, viz.: Mrs. Ida Boyer and Fred J. Hatch. 
 
 WILLIAM E. HATTERMAN. 
 William E. Hatterman, mortgage banker and 
 real-estate dealer, Chicago, is a native of Ger- 
 many, where he was born in 1857, but received 
 his education in the Chicago public schools. 
 His father, C. F. Hatterman. having emigrated 
 from Germany, established himself in the real- 
 estate business in a 6x8 room on the corner of 
 Milwaukee Avenue and Augusta Street in 1868. 
 The business has increased in the past thirty 
 years to such an extent that Mr. William E. 
 Hatterman, into whose hands it passed some 
 years since, is now occupying fine offices at 
 ■768 Milwaukee Avenue, where he is doing a 
 prosperous mortgage banking business, or real 
 estate only, as circumstances may require. He 
 is also President of the Hatterman Safety De- 
 posit Vault Company, whose vaults were con- 
 structed in 1894 at a cost of $35,000, and are 
 pronounced the safest and best arranged safety 
 deposit vaults in the northwest part of the city. 
 There are some 3,000 abstracts deposited in 
 private vaults here, representing loans aggre- 
 gating over $5,000,000. 
 
 JACOB P. HAUSAM. 
 Jacob P. Hausam, Arlington Heights, 111., 
 was born at the village of Wheeling, Cook 
 County, 111., July 17, 1854. He is of German 
 descent, his father, Jacob Hausam, being a 
 native of Bavaria, while his mother, Margaret 
 
904 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 (Babst) Hausam. was a native of Saxony. He 
 ■was educated in his native place, and on August 
 10. 1S74, was married to Jane Wendiing of 
 Wheeling, by whom he has had six children: 
 Jesse, Frank. Edna. Celia, Willie and Lydia. 
 Mr. Hausam began his business life as a farmer, 
 and in ISSS established a creamery near Wheel- 
 ing, which he operated for ten years. He also 
 served as Constable for eight years and two 
 years as President of the Board of Village Trus- 
 tees. He became a member of Vitruvius Lodge 
 A. F. & A. M.. No. 81, in 1893, and for three 
 years has been Master. Mr. Hausam is a Meth- 
 odist in religion and a Republican in politics. 
 In 1S9S he removed from Wheeling to Arling- 
 ton Heights, about the same time assuming 
 position of Guard in the Cook County Jail; is 
 now serving as Bailiff in the Sheriff's office. 
 
 FRANKLIN HARVEY HEAD. 
 
 Franklin H. Head, Vice-President Continen- 
 tal Casualty Insurance Company, Chicago, was 
 born in Paris, Oneida County, N. Y., January 
 24, 1835. the son of Harvey and Calista (Sim- 
 mons) Head, who were natives of the same 
 place. His grandfather and great-grandfather on 
 the paternal side — both named Jonathan Head 
 ^were natives of Little Compton, R. I., while 
 his grandmother, Hepsy (Livermore) Head was 
 born at German Flats, N. Y. His grandparents 
 on the maternal side were Aaron and Abigail 
 (Church) Simmons, and his great-grandparents, 
 William and Abigail (Church) Simmons, were 
 all natives of Little Compton, R. I., where the 
 family lived for generations. Mr. Head re- 
 ceived his preparatory education at Cazenovia, 
 N. Y.. and later became a student at Hamilton 
 College, from which he graduated with the de- 
 gree of A. B. in 1856. He next took a course 
 in the law department of the same institution, 
 graduating in 1858, and has since been hon- 
 ored by his Alma Mater with the degrees of A. 
 M. and LL. D. 
 
 Coming west after graduating in law in 1858, 
 Mr. Head became associated with an uncle, 0. 
 S. Head, in the practice of law at Kenosha, 
 Wis., where he remained nine years. Then be- 
 ing compelled to retire from practice on ac- 
 count of ill-health, he spent some time in 
 Europe, later going to Utah and California, 
 where he became interested in a cattle-ranch 
 and mining property to which he devoted his 
 attention for three or four years. His health 
 having been restored, he then returned east, 
 and .soon after became associated in certain 
 lines of manufacture with Messrs. Wirt Dexter 
 and N. K. Fairbanks, becoming a resident of 
 Evanston. In the meantime, becoming inter- 
 e.sted in banking and manufacturing interprise.s 
 in the city of Chicago, he became a permanent 
 resident of that city, where he has served as 
 President of the Chicago Malleable Iron Com- 
 pany and as director of the American Trust and 
 Ravings Rank and the Northwestern National 
 Bank. At present he Is Vice-President of the 
 Contlnentnl Casualty Insurance Company. 
 
 Possessing a cultivated literary taste, Mr. 
 Head has been a frequent contributor to high- 
 
 classic literary periodicals. He was a promi- 
 nent member of the Union League Club, in 
 which he twice held the office of President, and 
 is also associated with the various other clubs, 
 including the Chicago, University, Commercial, 
 Literary and Fellowship Clubs, is President of 
 the Chicago Historical Association and of the 
 Twentieth Century Club. In politics he is an 
 earnest Republican. Mr. Head was married, 
 June 14, 1860, to Miss Catherine P. Durkee, who 
 was born at Kenosha, Wis., and educated in 
 her native place and Saratoga, N. Y., and they 
 have three daughters: Elizabeth, Katharine 
 and Margaret. 
 
 DANIEL D. HEALY. 
 
 To the citizens and taxpayers of Chicago and 
 Cook County, the name of Daniel D. Healy sug- 
 gests the recollection of years of faithful public 
 service and of earnest devotion to the interests 
 of the people. Mr. Healy was born in Ireland, 
 February 11, 1847, and in 1849 his parents, John 
 and Ellen (O'Brien) Healy, emigrated with 
 their family to America. Daniel D. was reared 
 in Chicago and, from a period long antedating 
 his majority, has been prominently identified 
 with the growth and development of the city 
 of his adoption. At the outbreak of the Civil 
 War he was but little more than fourteen years 
 of age, yet his patriotic impulses were stirred 
 within him, and he enlisted in the United 
 States Navy, serving with distinguished gal- 
 lantry and fidelity. With equal courage and 
 devotion for many years he served the City of 
 Chicago as Engineer in the Fire Department, 
 and the men connected with that arm of the 
 public service regarded him with a feeling akin 
 to veneration. He did yeoman's service during 
 the great conflagration of October, 1871, and 
 may be justly reckoned one of the heroes who 
 passed through that fiery ordeal without 
 thought of themselves, heeding only the call 
 of duty and humanity. The members of the 
 department have shown their recognition of his 
 long and courageous service by electing him 
 for nine years the financial secretary of the 
 Fireman's Benevolent Association, also making 
 him their unanimous choice for treasurer of 
 that organization for a like period, finally ele- 
 vating him to its presidency which position he 
 now holds. With such fidelity and ability has 
 he met and discharged the duties attached to 
 these positions, that, with the exception of 
 their honored Chief, there are few, if any. men 
 more highly esteemed by the brave Chicago 
 firemen than he. It was he who inaugurated 
 the movement which has resulted in the paint- 
 ing, by the celebrated artist Van Ness, at a 
 cost of two thousand dollars, of the great pic- 
 ture of Chief Swenie in action, to be hung in 
 the galleries of the Art Institute. 
 
 Mr. Healy has been engaged for many years 
 in public life, first as County Comptroller, later 
 as President of the Hoard of County Commis- 
 sioners. Warden of the Cook County Hospital, 
 and as Superintendent of Pul)lic Service. The 
 discharge of his duties as a public servant has 
 been cliaracterized by acumen and integrity. 
 
HISTORICAL EN^CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS, 
 
 905 
 
 and no breath of suspicion, either as to his 
 motives or his acts, has ever reached him. He 
 is a reformer of high aim and earnest purpose, 
 who, throughout his official life, has done much 
 to improve the efficiency of the public service 
 of Cook County. Mr. Healy was the nominee 
 of the Republican party in 1902, for the office 
 of Sheriff and received the ardent support of 
 the best citizens of Cook County, but as Ray- 
 mond Robins, the well known lecturer stated, 
 was defeated by a combination of confidence 
 men. 
 
 On July 6, 1876, Mr. Healy was married to 
 Miss Kittie Clemens, of Chicago, and they are 
 the parents of four children: Daniel M., Kath- 
 erine M., Ella Josephine and Walter C. 
 
 JAMES H. HEALY, 
 Lieutenant Hook & Ladder Company No. 25, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., July 29, 1857, and educated in the 
 public schools. After leaving school he worked 
 on a farm and later drove on the Erie Canal 
 until he came to Chicago, September 25, 1872, 
 after which he worked for George B. Johnston, 
 on the Board of Trade, for one year, and later 
 for B. P. Hutchinson, until he joined the Fire 
 Department, September 3, 1878, being assigned 
 to Truck 2; was transferred to Engine 5 in 
 October, 1878; to Engine 7, December 31, 1878; 
 to Engine 10, March, 1879; to Engine 26, May, 
 1879; to Engine 23, September, 1879; to Engine 
 4, December 31, 1879; to Engine 9, April, 1880; 
 to Engine 16, May, 1880; to Engine 10, June, 
 1880; later to Truck 2; to Chemical 4, and suc- 
 cessively to Engines 23, 7, 11, 5, 6, 17, 20, 17, 
 22, and 33. He was promoted to Lieutenant, 
 July 31, 1893, and transferred to Truck 25, 
 when the company was organized. Lieutenant 
 Healy was married in Chicago, May 4, 1881, to 
 Miss Lydia J. Anderson, and two children — a 
 son and a daughter — were born to them. The 
 daughter is still living. Lieutenant Healy's 
 continuous service for so many years is proof 
 positive of his worth as a plucky, brave fire- 
 man, always ready for any duty that he may 
 be called upon to perform. 
 
 JAMES J. HEALY. 
 Colonel James J. Healy, distinguished vete- 
 ran of the war of the Rebellion and officer in 
 the Illinois National Guard, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, March 6, 1848. His life since 
 early boyhood— at least that portion of it not 
 spent in the active service of his country — 
 has been passed in Chicago. His early educa- 
 tional training was received in the public 
 schools of that city, after completing a course 
 in which he studied at the University of Notre 
 Dame, Indiana, and at St. Mary's of the Lake, 
 Chicago. Even before he reached the minimum 
 age sanctioned by law for the beginning of 
 military service, he enlisted in Company G, 
 One Hundred and Thirty-second Illinois Volun- 
 teer Infantry, for a term of eight months. At 
 the expiration of that period he re-enlisted, 
 November 7, 1864, in Company C, of the Thirty- 
 second. This company was afterward consoli- 
 
 dated with "C" of the Fourteenth, and still 
 later with "C" of the Twenty-first United States 
 Infantry, and Mr. Healy continued in the regu- 
 lar army until May 12, 1869, when he was hon- 
 orably discharged at Camp Verde, Arizona Ter- 
 ritory, with the rank of First Sergeant. His 
 service during the Civil War was chiefly con- 
 fined to the States of Missouri and Kentucky, 
 following Kosecrans in the former and Colonel 
 Price and Colonel Hicks in the latter, at Colum- 
 bus, Paducah, Smithfield and Mayfleld. Sub- 
 sequent to the close of the rebellion the Twen- 
 ty-first was ordered to the Far West, and here 
 Mr. Healy gained experience as an Indian 
 fighter. He took part in many sharp skir- 
 mishes with the redskins and received a severe 
 wound in the left leg at Grief Hill, while com- 
 manding an escort to a train proceeding from 
 Camp Lowell to Camp Verde. 
 
 Mr. Healy's love for his old comrades in arms 
 did not abate with his discharge from active 
 service. In the councils of the Grand Army of 
 the Republic he has taken a conspicuous and 
 active part. For two years he was Senior Vice- 
 Commander of Ransom Post, No. 1, Department 
 of Illinois; for a time a member of Grant Post, 
 No. 28, and in 1891, commander of America 
 Post, No. 708, of which he is at present Adju- 
 tant. He has been a delegate to National En- 
 campments at Denver, Minneapolis, Portland 
 (Me.), San Francisco, St. Louis, Columbus (O.), 
 Boston, Milwaukee and Detroit. He has also 
 served on the Staffs of Commanders-in-Chief 
 Kountz, Fairchild, Rea, Warner and Palmer, 
 and in 1890 and '91 served as Chief of Staff to 
 W. L. Diston and H. S. Clark, Department Com- 
 manders for the State of Illinois. He has also 
 been a prominent member of the Veteran Union 
 League of Chicago, of which organization he 
 was for four years the President, and was the 
 original promoter and manager of the Great 
 War Concert given under the auspices of the 
 Veteran Union League in Convention Hall, Au- 
 ditorium, Monday Evening, June 18, 1888, the 
 night preceding the Republican National Con- 
 vention and opening of the Auditorium. He 
 has also been chairman of the Committee on 
 Political Action of the same body, under whose 
 auspices the famous "sextette" of Union Gen- 
 erals issued their famed protest against popu- 
 lism. Mr. Healy's eminent fitness for military 
 command has been recognized by both the city 
 of Chicago and the State of Illinois. In 1869 
 he was drill-master of the city's police force; 
 was inspector of the First Brigade, I. N. G., 
 serving on the staff of General Joseph T. Tor- 
 rence, with the rank of Major; and has been 
 for five years Adjutant of the artillery bat- 
 talions of the Illinois National Guard. 
 
 In civil life Colonel Healy has attained 
 marked distinction. From 1870 to 1874 he was 
 connected with the Registry Division of the 
 Chicago Postoffice, resigning his position to 
 accept an appointment as deputy-clerk of the 
 Superior Court, where for sixteen years he has 
 been chief deputy, and on the election of John 
 A. Linn as Clerk was re-appointed. He still 
 occupies the post of Chief Clerk, whose arduous 
 
9o6 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 and responsible duties he has for twenty-four 
 years discharged with a courtesy, fidelity and 
 ability, which have commanded universal con- 
 fidence and admiration of the Judiciary and 
 members of the bar. ' 
 
 In politics Colonel Healy is an ardent Re- 
 publican and has been for many years an ener- 
 getic and successful worker for the success of 
 his party. During the campaign of 1896, he had 
 personal charge of the military on a railway 
 train in the interest of the election of President 
 McKinley and Governor Tanner, which was, to 
 say the least, a novelty in the way of election- 
 eering methods. Many noted citizens of Illi- 
 nois were passengers on the train and the ap- 
 proach of the distinguished party at different 
 stations was heralded by the discharge of can- 
 non, one car having been fitted up as a sort of 
 armory with a twelve-pound brass Napoleon 
 gun and several mortars. When halts were 
 made, the orators spoke to the gathered crowds 
 from the car platform, but no stop was made 
 for a period exceeding sixty minutes. The 
 unique scheme originated in the fertile brain 
 of the State Central Committee, and was exe- 
 cuted by Colonel Healy, who also conducted 
 through the State, in the same way, a "Patriot 
 Heroes' Battalion," his first charge having 
 been popularly known as "The 'Governor's Fly- 
 ing Squadron." He had the immediate com- 
 mand of the artillery of this train, being one of 
 the leading spirits and organizers in the new 
 method of campaign work. 
 
 Mr. Healy was commissioned March 10, 1896, 
 Captain and Adjutant of the Artillery Battalion, 
 Illinois National Guard; was commissioned 
 July 29, 1899, Major in Colonel Quinton's pro- 
 visional regiment, Illinois Volunteers, author- 
 ized in compliance with joint resolutions of the 
 Forty-first General Assembly, providing troops 
 for war with Spain. Colonel Healy was one 
 of the chief factors in securing the holding of 
 the Thirty-fourth National Encampment of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic in Chicago in 
 1900, serving on the Committee of Invitation 
 and, on the reorganization of the committees 
 after acceptance, was placed on the General 
 and Executive Committees, including that on 
 Finance, and was also made Chairman of the 
 Badge Committee. During the parade on this 
 occasion he was placed in command of the 
 Wisconsin Division of the Grand Army. On 
 June 6, 1901, Colonel Healy was elected and 
 commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sec- 
 ond Regiment, Illinois National Guard, a 
 position which he still holds. 
 
 FRED HECKER. 
 Fred Hecker, furniture dealer and under- 
 taker, Arlington Heights, Cook County, 111.,. 
 wafl born in Germany. November 10, 1847, and 
 came with his parents (John and Sophia 
 Hecker) and a younger brother, to America in 
 ]Hr,:,, settling in I)u Page County, III. He was 
 married at Addison, HI.. October 25, 1872, to 
 Dora .Slemn, and has two children: Annie and 
 H<Tlha. While living In Du Page County he 
 hflfl the offlcp of County Commissioner for 
 
 several terms and has also been Town Collec- 
 tor and Village Trustee. In September, 1899, 
 he began business as furniture dealer and un- 
 dertaker at Arlington Heights, Cook County. 
 Mr. Hecker is a Republican in politics, and in 
 religious belief a Lutheran. 
 
 JOHN HELFERT. 
 John Helfert, driver on Engine 74, Chicago 
 Fire Department, was born in Chicago, March 
 16, 1866, was educated in the St. Bridget Cath- 
 olic and Holden public school, and, after leav- 
 ing school, commenced driving team until he 
 joined the Fire Department, August 23, 1887, 
 when he became driver on Engine 16. On 
 April 1, 1888, he was transferred to Truck 11; 
 on December 1, 1896, to Engine 74, where, 
 according to latest report, he was still in active 
 service. He has not had any serious injuries, 
 and has always attended to his duties faith- 
 fully. He was married in Chicago to Miss Mar- 
 garet Kind, April 14, 1891. Three children 
 have blessed this union. 
 
 FRANK J. HELM. 
 Frank J. Helm, Superintendent Lake Shore 
 Elevator, Sixty-sixth Street and Calumet Ave- 
 nue, Chicago, was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 
 1869, the son of Frederick and Catherine (Keis- 
 mannel) Helm, the father being a native of 
 Germany and the mother of Ohio, but of Ger- 
 man parentage. The father, who was a miller, 
 died in 1896 at sixty-five years of age, but the 
 mother is still living. Their children were: 
 Charles, Mary (the wife of C. B. Rogers of 
 Coldwater, Mich.), and Frank J. Frank J. Helm 
 engaged in the grain business at Coldwater, 
 Mich., in 1887 with the Coombs Milling Com- 
 pany, remaining three years, when he came to 
 Chicago and for six years was in the employ 
 of the A. F. Walter Co., grain merchants and 
 elevator men, then entering upon his present 
 engagement with the Lake Shore Elevator. 
 This elevator was erected in 1896, has a capac- 
 ity of 150,000 bushels, transferring sixty to 
 eighty cars daily, and is operated by Churchill 
 & Company, commission merchants. It em- 
 ploys about twenty men and Mr. Helm has had 
 charge ever since its construction. On Decem- 
 ber 8, 1897 he married Miss Charlotte Anslow of 
 Chicago, and they have one son, Harold, born 
 February 27, 1899. Fraternally Mr. Helm is 
 identified with the Knights of Maccabees and 
 the Masonic Order, and politically is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 MARY E. HELM. 
 Mary E. Helm, Arlington Heights, 111., was 
 born at Wheeling, 111., June 5, 1855, the daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Allison, who was born in Eng- 
 land in 1823, and came with his parents 
 (Thomas and Mary Allison) to Illinois in 1832. 
 The family remained in Chicago for a few 
 months, but soon after located on a claim on 
 the North Branch, three miles from Chicago. 
 Three years later (he senior Allison sold his 
 farm to A. N. Fullerton and removed to North- 
 field, Cook County, where he died in January, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 907 
 
 1880. The junior Allison attended the first 
 school ever taught in Chicago in 1832, which 
 was attended by a number of half-breeds. In 
 1852 he was married to Penthea H. Miller, a 
 native of Ohio and daughter of Henry and Eliza- 
 beth Miller, natives of New York State, who set- 
 tled in Wheeling Township in 1839. Mrs. Helm 
 was educated at the Cook County Normal School 
 and, on March 29, 1870, was married at Arling- 
 ton Heights to Lewis G. Helm. She has had 
 three children: Frederick W., Howard A. and 
 Raymond B. Mrs. Helm is a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 JOHN J. HENNESSY, 
 General Storekeeper and Clerk, at Headquar- 
 ters Chicago Fire Department, and Financial 
 Secretary Firemen's Benevolent Association, 
 Chicago, was born in Elmira, N. Y., July 22, 
 1849, came to Chicago with his parents in 1850, 
 and was educated at the Dearborn school. He 
 joined the Chicago Fire Department as a mem- 
 ber of Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, July 6, 
 1874, and served there until November 7, 1875; 
 was promoted to Lieutenant, July 14, 1877; 
 transferred to Truck 6, October 18, 1877; to En- 
 gine 5, May 1, 1880, and promoted to Captain 
 December 31, 1883. Later he was transferred 
 to Engine 6, and from there, at different times, 
 to Engines 13, 42 and 32. On January 15, 1880, 
 while going to a fire, he was thrown from his 
 engine at the corner of LaSalle and Monroe 
 Streets, receiving a fracture of his knee and 
 ankle, which incapacitated him for active duty. 
 He was detailed at Headquarters, August 10, 
 1891, as Clerk and Storekeeper, and still re- 
 tains that position, enjoying the esteem of all 
 with whom he is brought in contact for his 
 kind and affable manner. He is always ready 
 for any good word and work. He was married 
 to Miss Anna Hennessy in Chicago, on the 11th 
 day of November, 1891, and two children have 
 blessed this union. 
 
 HARVEY R. HENRY. 
 Harvey R. Henry live-stock commission mer- 
 chant, Chicago, was born in Lowville, Lewis 
 County, N. Y., May 26, 1838, and educated in 
 the public schools. After leaving school he 
 came to Chicago, arriving March 20, 1860, and 
 was yardmaster at tue Michigan Southern Stock 
 Yards for about two years. He then bought 
 and shipped live-stock in partnership with his 
 brother, James F. Henry, for about three years, 
 and was yardmaster for the Union Stock Yards 
 & Transit Company when the yards were 
 opened December 25, 1865, and until June, 1866. 
 Later he bought live stock for Tilden & Curtis, 
 of St. Joseph, Mo., and then worked for Jesse 
 Adams about two years, for Adams & Bldredge 
 one year, and was connected with Sanford 
 Green, shipping hogs to New York. In 1870 he 
 formed a partnership with Jesse Adams and 
 H. E. Mallory under the style of Adams, Mal- 
 lory & Henry, which continued for two years, 
 and after its dissolution, continued in business 
 on his own account until he formed a partner- 
 ship wiia T. C. Hough, under the style of Henry 
 
 & Hough, which lasted for two and a half years. 
 Mr. Hough having then retired, Mr. Henry 
 again went into business alone, but later 
 formed a partnership with E. H. Ellett, under 
 the style of Henry & Ellett, which continued 
 for twenty-six months. At the expiration of 
 this period Mr. Henry resumed business on his 
 own account, which he still continues in the 
 Exchange Building at the Union Stock Yards, 
 by his faithful attention to the interests of his 
 customers winning his full share of business. 
 Mr. Henry was married at Martinsburg, N. Y., 
 September 14, 1865. 
 
 CHARLES HERBNDEEN. 
 
 Charles Herendeen, expert in fermentation, 
 inventor and manufacturer, was born in Rich- 
 mond, Province of Ontario, Canada, November 
 11, 1859. His father was Hamilton H. Heren- 
 deen, a native of North Adams, Mass., of Eng- 
 lish parentage, a decorative painter and artist 
 of marked ability; his mother, Harriet (John- 
 son) Herendeen, was a native of Richmond, 
 but also of English extraction. 
 
 Young Herendeen enjoyed but limited edu- 
 cational advantages, having been, at the early 
 age of thirteen years, apprenticed to learn the 
 bakery and confectionery trade in the town of 
 Aylmer, Ontario. This was the humble start- 
 ing point of what has proven to be a most re- 
 markable business career, one which has been 
 unique in many ways and in one respect, with- 
 out parallel. 
 
 It is surely a far cry from an uneducated 
 apprentice boy in a bake shop at thirteen, to 
 an acknowledged world's expert in a scientific 
 and practical branch of knowledge at forty- 
 four. Yet such is the record of Charles Heren- 
 deen. It is a wonderful thing to be able to say 
 of any man, "he is probably the best in the 
 world in his line," no difference what his sphere 
 of accomplishment may be or how insignificant 
 its importance in the world's economy. But 
 when it chances to be along lines affecting 
 directly mankind's most necessary dependence 
 — the food supply — the value of his skill or 
 knowledge to the world is correspondingly in- 
 creased and in like proportion the credit to the 
 man himself. 
 
 When Mr. Herendeen began to learn the art 
 of making bread, he was not content, boy as 
 he was, to simply follow routine lines and per- 
 form his daily task in the shop. He began 
 studying all the constituent parts and condi- 
 tions that entered into the composition of the 
 different kinds of bread and cakes. This led 
 him to study thoroughly the distinctive quali- 
 ties of the various flours used, and he became 
 particularly interested in the yeast problem. 
 He soon realized that therein lay the life prin- 
 ciple, the key to the situation. He studied, 
 marveled at and experimented with the con- 
 stantly varying results produced by combina- 
 tions at different degrees of moisture and tem- 
 perature. This was the beginning of a line of 
 investigation, of experimenting, of continual 
 delving and digging into nature's mine of 
 secrets, until, today, Mr. Herendeen is acknowl- 
 
9o8 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 edged, by the most eminent chemists, leading 
 baKers and food paclvers of the world, as prob- 
 ably the most reliable authority and expert in 
 all matters pertaining to the production or 
 prevention of fermentation. He is continually 
 Deing called in consultation throughout Amer- 
 ica and Europe, by large handlers of food- 
 stuffs, to remedy defects in their processes of 
 production, or to save from loss cargoes or 
 great batches of valuable foods that manifest 
 evidences of fermentation, where such a condi- 
 tion would result in total loss unless promptly 
 checked. 
 
 When he is called to the scene of action, he 
 begins his work precisely as the intelligent 
 physician would begin the treatment of a seri- 
 ous illness; the first thing to do is to correctly 
 diagnose the case. He begins at the very be- 
 ginning, ascertaining first, even to the small- 
 est detail, the primary condition of every con- 
 stituent part of the food, whatever it may be; 
 then the treatment to which it was subjected 
 in each step or stage of its manufacture; the 
 conditions under which it passed from the grain 
 in the field, or the cattle in the pasture, as the 
 case may be, to the food product then before 
 him. When the link of error or oversight 
 is reached in this chain of investigation, he is 
 able, by his thorough knowledge of the subject, 
 to detect the defect at once and apply the 
 proper remedy. There is one marked advan- 
 tage Mr. Herendeen possesses over the most 
 advanced physician in making his diagnosis; 
 he can dissect, scrutinize and analyse his sub- 
 ject in a way the physician cannot, hence his 
 freedom from mistakes. 
 
 Mr. Herendeen remained in his apprentice- 
 ship at Aylmer nine years; then engaged in 
 business for himself at St. Thomas, Ontario, 
 where for ten years he conducted a successful 
 baking estaoiishment, and also engaged in var- 
 ious other lines of business; among other 
 things, the wholesale oyster and fruit trade and 
 the manufacturing of Herendeen's celebrated 
 mince-meat, which is still a standard article 
 on the market in the Dominion. He employed 
 as many as seventy hands in this branch of his 
 business alone. It was during this period that 
 he invented and patented "Herendeen's Orien- 
 tal Flour," which has since become celebrated 
 throughout the civilized world. He has large 
 mills for the manufacture of this flour at Dan- 
 ville, 111.; manufacturing plants and ware- 
 houses in Chicago, 111., and in Liverpool, Eng- 
 land; also warehouses at New York City, San 
 FYancisco, Cal., and Toronto, Canada. Besides 
 his patents on the manufacture of flour, he has 
 patented various mechanical appliances for use 
 in connection with baking, such as bake-ovens, 
 dough-mixers, etc.; also chemical compounds 
 for checking and controlling fermentation. He 
 also manufactures a fine quality of grits, hom- 
 iny and other cereal products. 
 
 From the extent and magnitude of his busi- 
 nesH Interestji It may rr'adily he conceived that 
 Mr. Merenrleen is a busy man, but he manages 
 to find tinif to indulge in his favorite pastime 
 of Koif wh«»n opiMjrl unity offers. He is a golf 
 
 enthusiast. He enjoys rural life and contact 
 with nature, and this perhaps had much to do 
 with his purchase, in the autumn of 190a, of 
 a magnificent stock-tarm (one of the best in 
 the State) of 560 acres, located on the Chicago 
 & North-Western Railroad in McHenry County, 
 fifty-two minutes' ride from Chicago. Here he 
 has a beautiful lake (Crystal Lake) located 
 entirely within the boundary lines of his pos- 
 sessions, well stocked with different varieties 
 of the finny tribe, and here he delights to wel- 
 come his many friends during the outing sea- 
 son. He anticipates making of this property 
 an ideal country home, stocked with the very 
 best breeds of animals, especially thoroughbred 
 horses, of which he already has a number. 
 
 Mr. Herendeen was married at Aylmer, Can- 
 ada, January 1, 1876, to Miss Helen Emma 
 Pankhurst, daughter of John C. and Elizabeth 
 (Graham) Pankhurst, of that place. Mrs. Heren- 
 deen's father was, for many years, prominent 
 in the province as a newspaper publisher and 
 editor, and is a brother of the late Dr. R. M. 
 Pankhurst, barrister and politician of Man- 
 chester, England, one of the noted men of his 
 day in Great Britain. Four children have been 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Herendeen: Harry Claude, 
 Florence Marsden, Nellie May and Charles 
 Frederick. Mr. Herendeen's wife and children 
 have accompanied him on his extensive travels, 
 time and again, thus visiting most of the prom- 
 inent cities of the world. 
 
 In religious belief Mr. Herendeen is a Bap- 
 tist; in politics a Republican, and fraternally 
 is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Ancient Or- 
 der of United Workmen and the Ancient Order 
 of Foresters. 
 
 The above is a brief summary of a career in 
 many respects out of the ordinary. He claims 
 never to have had any assistance in business, 
 never to have borrowed a dollar, never to have 
 bought on credit or owed a dollar past the time 
 of its becoming due, and never to have made a 
 failure of any business enterprise in which he 
 has engaged. He attributes much of the credit 
 for this remarkable fact, to the helpfulness and 
 intelligent assistance rendered him by his 
 faithful wife. Married when each were but 
 seventeen years of age, their lives and efforts, 
 tastes and habits have conformed and harmo- 
 nized; thus perfecting a union that has been 
 mutually helpful and sustaining. 
 
 JOHN J. HERRICK. 
 Success in any calling is an indication of 
 close application, industry and faithfulness. 
 There are few professions more honorable, and 
 few which offer better opportunities than does 
 that of the law, for the display of character, 
 sterling worth and ability. To the lawyer are 
 necessarily entrusted matters of confidence, in- 
 volving property, reputation, and at times, 
 even life itself; and iii)on his skill, loyalty and 
 ability, the rich and poor, sti'ong and helpless, 
 often depend. Success in life is something to 
 be proud of, and the world is better for the 
 life of every successful man. It is a stimulus 
 to others less fortunate in the fray, and an 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 gog 
 
 example for them to emulate. The greatest 
 reward of the successful man is his conscious- 
 ness of having acted well his part and contrib- 
 uted something toward the betterment of his 
 fellow-men. Yet the subject of this sketch lays 
 claim to no particular honor for having ful- 
 filled the obligations of his profession, and for 
 having becoipe a successful lawyer and a prom- 
 inent citizen. 
 
 John J. Herrick was born at Hillsboro, 111., 
 May 25, 1845, the son of Dr. William B. and 
 Martha (Seward) Herrick. The Massachusetts 
 family of Hei'ricks are a branch of the ancient 
 family of that name, of Leicestershire, Eng- 
 land, a family prominent in this country to-day, 
 and one which, in the past, had many illus- 
 trious members. Jacob Herrick, the great- 
 grandfather of the subject this sketch, was a 
 Lieutenant in the War of the Revolution, and 
 after that struggle, settled in Durham, Maine, 
 where he became a Congregational minister. 
 His son, Jacob, was born in and resided in 
 Durham, and here his son, William B., father 
 of our subject, was also born. The Sewards on 
 the maternal side are old residents of Illinois. 
 John B. Seward, the maternal grandfather of 
 John J. Herrick, was a native of New Jersey, 
 who settled at an early day in Montgomery 
 County, 111. 
 
 William B. Herrick, father of John J., arrived 
 in Chicago in 1844. He was Surgeon of a regi- 
 ment of Illinois Volunteers during the Mexi- 
 can War, and became one of the first Professors 
 of Rush Medical College, and also the first 
 President of the Illinois State Medical Society. 
 He was prominent in both medical and scien- 
 tific circles, as well as in civil and social life. 
 But the toil, hardships and exposures of cam- 
 paign life had left their effects upon his sys- 
 tem, and his health failing, he was compelled 
 in 1857 to have recourse to his native air, and 
 returned to Maine. 
 
 The subject of this sketch received his pre- 
 liminary education in the public and private 
 schools of Chicago, and after the return of his 
 father to the State of Maine in 1857, he attended 
 the Lewiston Falls Academy, there preparing 
 for Bowdoin College, which he entered in 1862, 
 and from which he was graduated in 1866. Re- 
 turning to Illinois, he spent the winter of 1866- 
 67 in teaching school in Hyde Park, then a sub- 
 urb of Chicago. Deciding upon the law as a 
 vocation, in 1867 he became a student in the 
 offices of Higgins, Swett & Quigg. Entering 
 at the same time the Union College of Law, 
 at Chicago, he was graduated with the class of 
 1868, and selected to deliver the class valedic- 
 tory. Three years later he commenced the 
 active practice of his profession — having in 
 the meantime remained with Messrs. Higgins, 
 Swett & Quigg as clerk and student, gaining 
 thereby much additional legal knowledge and 
 valuable experience of a practical nature. As 
 in business, so in professional life, much de- 
 pends upon the manner in which one's career is 
 opened. From the very outset, that of John 
 J. Herrick has been a marked success. He 
 soon acquired considerable reputation from his 
 
 connection with several important cases — 
 among others, the suits growing out of the 
 alleged fraudulent election of Michael Evans 
 and others to the South lown offices, and their 
 ouster from office in 1876, and those growing 
 out of the failure of the firm of John B. Lyon 
 and Company, in 1872, and their suspension 
 from the Board of Trade. In 1878, Mr. Her- 
 rick became associated with the late Wirt 
 Dexter, and in 1880, Mr. Charles L. Allen was 
 admitted to the partnership, the firm becoming. 
 Dexter, Herrick & Allen, and thus it continued 
 until the death of Mr. Dexter, in May, 1890. 
 For several years Mr. Herrick was associated 
 with Mr. Allen alone, but by the admission of 
 B. K. Boyesen and Horace Martin it has now 
 (1904) assumed the name of Herrick, Allen, 
 Boyesen & Martin. 
 
 Among the many other important and noted 
 cases with which Mr. Herrick has been con- 
 nected may be mentioned the case of Devine 
 vs. The People, out of which arose the ques- 
 tion of the constitutionality of the law author- 
 izing the County Commissioners of Cook 
 County to issue bonds without a vote of the 
 people; the case of Barrow vs. Burnside, argued 
 before the Supreme Court of Iowa, and the 
 Supreme Court of the United States, involving 
 the validity of the Iowa Statute as to corpora- 
 tions of other States, known as the "Domesti- 
 cation Law," the cases of Stevens vs. Pratt, 
 and Kingsbury vs. Sperry, before the Supreme 
 Court of Illinois, and of Gross vs. United States 
 Mortgage Company, and the United States 
 Mortgage Company vs. Kingsbury, before the 
 Supreme Court of the United States, involving 
 important questions as to the rights of foreign 
 corporations in Illinois, and the construction of 
 the Illinois Statutes as to guardians; that of 
 the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company 
 vs. Dey, and other cases before the United 
 States Courts in Iowa and Illinois; the State 
 vs. the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad 
 Company, before the Supreme Court of Ne- 
 braska, involving questions of constitutional 
 law, and important as defining the rights of 
 railroad corporations; Spalding vs. Preston, in- 
 volving new and important questions as to the 
 construction of the Illinois Assignment Law; 
 and the laylor and Storey will cases. Space 
 alone forbids an enumeration of many other 
 and important cases with which Mr. Herrick 
 has been connected. At present, representing 
 large corporate and private interests, the firm 
 of Herrick, Allen, Boyesen & Martin have a 
 fine record, and a reputation second to none. 
 
 Mr. Herrick has held, at various times, num- 
 erous offices in the Chicago Law Institute, the 
 Chicago Bar Association and the Citizens' As- 
 sociation. He is also a member of the Chicago 
 Literary Society and the University Club. He 
 is a regular attendant at the Central Church 
 founded by the late Professor David Swing, but 
 now under the pastorate of Dr. Gunsaulus. 
 
 In politics, Mr. Herrick, until 1884, was a 
 National Republican, but, in 1884 and in 1888, 
 he voted for Grover Cleveland, and is now an 
 advocate for the reduction of tariff on the line 
 
gio 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 of free trade and civil service reform. In mu- 
 nicipal and local affairs he is non-partisan, be- 
 lieving in measures and men rather than in 
 mere political wire pulling. He was married 
 to Miss Julia A. Dulon in 1882, and they have 
 three children. 
 
 In the truest sense, Mr. Herrick is a high- 
 minded gentleman, of scholarly attainments, 
 and in his professional, as in all his other re- 
 lations, seeks something higher and better than 
 mere personal gain. With broad views of life, 
 he rises above his calling or his environments, 
 using them all as but means for the accomplish- 
 ment of noble ends. Conscious of his own 
 powers, he is yet modest and unassuming in 
 manner, and never courts notoriety; and, while 
 firm in his convictions, is tolerant of the opin- 
 ions of others. 
 
 As an advocate Mr. Herrick is eloquent at 
 times. Clear and concise in style his arguments 
 are sound and thoroughly logical, and rarely 
 fail to convince. He is, withal, a courteous 
 gentleman, affable and possessing the faculty 
 of making and retaining friends, of whom he 
 has a host. He is counted among Chicago's 
 leading lawyers, and has the confidence and 
 respect of all who know him. And none more 
 richly deserves to be ranked among the city's 
 representative men. 
 
 ROBERT HERVEY. 
 
 Among the older members of the Chicago bar, 
 following the pioneer period, Robert Hervey 
 was for a generation one of the most promi- 
 nent. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, 
 August 10, 1820, the son of Alexander and Eliza- 
 beth (Gibson) Hervey. His father died when 
 the son was about eleven years old, and the lat- 
 ter was educated at the grammar school of his 
 native city and the Glasgow University. While 
 a student at the University he began the study 
 of medicine and, although he did not prosecute 
 the study to completion, the knowledge thus 
 acquired proved of great value to him after he 
 entered the legal profession. At the age of 
 seventeen years Mr. Hervey went to Canada 
 with a view to engaging in the mercantile busi- 
 ness with his uncles, but on the advice of one 
 of the latter decided to study law and became 
 a student in the office of Henry Sherwood of 
 Brockviile, who was afterwards Attorney-Gen- 
 eral for the Province of Ontario. When his 
 preceptor removed to Toronto to enter upon 
 his official duties, Mr. Hervey accompanied him 
 to that city, and was there admitted to the bar 
 In 1841. He then opened an office in Ottawa, 
 Canada, where he continued in practice until 
 18.^2, when he removed to Chicago, and on Sep- 
 tember 2rjlh of that year was admitted to the 
 IlllnoiH bar, remaining in practice continuously 
 until compelled to retire on account of failing 
 health. 
 
 After coming to (Chicago. Mr. Hervey's first 
 buKineHK connpctlr)n was with Huckner S. Mor- 
 rlH and .loseph P. ("larkson, the latter a brother 
 of HiHhop ClarkHoti, who wan then rector of St. 
 Jam'-H KplKcopal church and afterwards Bishop 
 Of Nebraska. Thl8 partnership was continued 
 
 four years, and later Mr. Hervey was associated 
 with James A. Hosmer and the late Judge 
 Elliott Anthony, during a part of the latter 
 period, the firm being Hervey, Anthony & Gait. 
 Mr. Hervey was also for a time senior member 
 of the firm of Hervey, Gait & Magruder — the 
 last of the firm being now a Justice of the Illi- 
 nois bupreme Court — and was still later head 
 of the firm of Hervey & Clements. Judge El- 
 bridge Hanecy, later of the Superior Court of 
 Cook County, studied law with Hervey, An- 
 thony & Gait, and after the dissolution of the 
 firm, occupied the same office with his vener- 
 able preceptor. 
 
 Mr. Hervey's career as a lawyer was a most 
 notable one. Of distinguished appearance, dig- 
 nified and courteous in manner and possessing 
 a high order of eloquence, he was regarded for 
 many years as one of the ablest trial lawyers 
 of Chicago, and was connected with some of 
 the most notable cases before the Chicago 
 courts. In 1873 he was admitted to practice 
 before the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 and in 1883 received the degree of Doctor of 
 Laws from the Wesleyan University at Bloom- 
 ington. He was one of the founders of the St 
 Andrews Society of Chicago, of which he be- 
 came a member in 1852. Mr. Hervey was one 
 of the founders of the Chicago Bar Association, 
 and was President of the Law Institute. He 
 was also a member of the Masonic Fraternity 
 from 1865, and identified with the Independent 
 Order of Odd Fellows. 
 
 Mr. Hervey was first married to Miss Maria 
 Jones, who fell a victim to the cholera epidemic 
 in Chicago in 1854. She bore him four children 
 Alexander, Robert, David and Sophia, the latter 
 now Mrs. Sophia Jones of Toronto. In 1861 
 he married Miss Frances W. Smith, a native of 
 Rochester, N. Y. In 1900 he married, as his 
 third wife. Miss Jennie E. Graham, a Canadian 
 lady, who survives him. 
 
 SEGEL HESS. 
 
 To be a cattle-buyer for a great corporation 
 requires almost intuitive judgment of a high 
 order. To look over a train load of cattle, to 
 take in at a single glance their good and bad 
 points, and determine at once their market 
 value, is a task of which few men are capable. 
 When such a man is found he is always in de- 
 mand. Among these men at the Union Stock 
 Yards Mr. Hess stands forth prominently. 
 From a boy he has had to do with cattle in- 
 terests, and is widely informed upon everything 
 that touches the live-stock interest. What he 
 knows he puts to use, and is one of the most 
 practical and common-sense men to be found 
 among an aggregation of men known through- 
 out the Union for their level-headedness and 
 sound sense. 
 
 Mr. Hess was born in Hechingen, Germany, 
 March 2, 1846, and was educated in the local 
 schools. As a ))oy he helped his father in a 
 butcher shop, and when he came to Chicago, in 
 June, 1865, here found omploymont in a l)utcher 
 shop. In Noveml)er following he l)(>gan work 
 for Nelson Morris in his packing house. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 911 
 
 Through all changes of name and growing for- 
 tunes of this great house he has remained with 
 the firm, and at the present time is numbered 
 among its most reliable and appreciated em- 
 ployes, holding the responsible position of cat- 
 tle-buyer for the house on the open market. 
 Mr. Hess was married in Chicago, July 28, 1872, 
 to Miss Mary Rieser, and three chiiaren have 
 come to bless this union. Mr. Hess finds much 
 delight in his home relations, and his business 
 character and standing are attested by his con- 
 nection with the same corporation for thirty- 
 five years and his promotion to his present 
 position. 
 
 WILLIAM G. HIBBARD. 
 
 A gentleman, who, coming to Chicago after 
 he had reached his majority, has mingled in 
 her busy life from 1849, for a period of over 
 fifty years, giving daily attention to the man- 
 agement of a great corporation of which he 
 was the executive head, is an anomaly. Most 
 men who nave reached over three score and 
 ten years especially if fortune has crowned 
 their life's labor, feel like retiring from the 
 strife and enjoying the ease and dignity which 
 they have earned. Not so with Mr. Hibbard. 
 With intellect unclouded, and manly strength 
 but slightly abated, with an erect form, firm 
 step and clear vision in his later years, he 
 went about his daily round of affairs as in the 
 days when struggle seemed to be a necessity. 
 His was an inheritance from a vigorous an- 
 cestry, strengthened by a life of activity and 
 unimpaired by any of the irregularities or vices 
 which wreck so many lives. In the mind of 
 every Chicagoan the name Hibbard suggests 
 the proud position which the city has attained 
 among the centers of the iron and steel indus- 
 tries of the United States, for he stood at the 
 head of one of the largest hardware houses in 
 the world. He entered upon the hardware 
 trade in Chicago on August 8, 1849, and there 
 were few days in the next half century in 
 which he was not actively engaged in this 
 chosen occupation. Hard work and business 
 genius gave him the mercantile eminence ne 
 occupied so conspicuously during the closing 
 years of his business career. Very few of the 
 pre-eminently successful Chicago men have 
 achieved ' their triumph without the spur of 
 original poverty to stimulate their efforts. 
 Among the men indebted to personal labor for 
 the success of later life is the subject of this 
 sketch. 
 
 William G. Hibbard was born in Dryden, N. 
 Y., August 7, 1825. Two years later he was 
 taken to Homer, N. Y., and, in that town and 
 in Cortland, his boyhood was passed, until he 
 made a decision to commence the active busi- 
 ness of life in what was then the "Far West." 
 The facts of his outward life were few and 
 simple. The qualities of intellect and char- 
 acter, which constitute the real life, are more 
 subtle and difficult of analysis. Mr. Hibbard 
 was reticent as to his inward thoughts, and 
 was possessed of a genuine modesty in respect 
 to his own personality, which prompted him 
 
 to discuss general questions rather than his 
 business or himself. 
 
 Mr. Hibbard began his career in Chicago 
 with the house of Blair & Stimson, his knowl- 
 edge of hardware being limited to an assort- 
 ment kept in a country store, and his first 
 year's salary was three hundred dollars and 
 board. In 1855 he formed the partnership of 
 Tuttle, Hibbard & Company, which continued 
 for ten years. The force of employes at that 
 time consisted of a bookkeeper, a porter and a 
 sixteen-year-old boy, and the work was not 
 done under the modern eight-hour sciiedule, 
 as may well be imagined. The panic of 1857 
 affected the firm with less force than some of 
 its neighbors, for the idea of this house seemed 
 to be "not what you can make, but what you 
 can save," and it held fast to this theory 
 through the subsequent dark days of each suc- 
 ceeding season of panic and uncertainty. In 
 1865 the firm name was changed once more, 
 this time becoming Hibbard & Spencer. They 
 had just moved into more commoaious quarters 
 and were ready for enlarged business on Satur- 
 day night, October 7, 1871, when came the 
 great fire. The magnitude of labor and weight 
 of responsibility which the bare suggestion of 
 this calamity brings to mind were exemplified 
 in this case, as in thousands of others. He- 
 roic work saved to the firm most of its books, 
 and about $15,000 worth of stock, although 
 finally the latter was mostly destroyed on the 
 Lake Park, whither it had been removed for 
 safety. Such goods as were ultimately saved 
 were stowed away in the stable and basement 
 of Mr. Hibbard's premises, which, fortunately, 
 had escaped destruction, and very soon busi- 
 ness was resumed in a one-story wareUouse 
 built a week after the fire and made safe 
 by a dozen barrels of salt-brine on the roof 
 and a steam fire engine always ready. The 
 shanty, fifteen feet high, if not imposing, was 
 comfortable and convenient, the inside office 
 having planed boards for desks, with empty 
 nail kegs in place of chairs. In spite of dis- 
 aster, which was dire enough to dismay the 
 stoutest heart, a very successful business was 
 done in this old shanty, with its wooden 
 shed for a warehouse, and it was not until 
 June, 1872, that the firm moved to the site 
 of its present quarters, occupying then No. 
 32 Lake St. The little boom of 1878 and '79 
 became the starting point of the colossal 
 growth of this well-known house, which with- 
 in the last two years has erected a ten-story 
 steel structure, together with a fire-proof five- 
 story warehouse, with electric flat-boats trans- 
 ferring goods from this building across the 
 river to the store. 
 
 In 1882 the firm was incorporated under the 
 name of Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Company, 
 under which title it is known the world over. 
 Mr. Hibbard, its senior partner, was a man of 
 liberal views and public spirit, and so highly 
 was he regarded by associated dealers, that 
 his opinion was often sought as a guide to 
 their operations on occasions of doubt and un- 
 certainty. In a word, he may be described 
 
912 
 
 HISTOEICAL EIsTYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 as being unostentatious witliout hypocrisy or 
 cant, possessing a kindly and generous heart, 
 and an influence altogether beneficent — a man 
 who had made the world better by his life 
 and influence. His accumulations were not 
 the fruit of speculation or wild adventure, but 
 were gathered in the pursuit of legitimate 
 business and placed in safe investment. At an 
 advanced age. he was vigorous alike in mind 
 and body, up to the last directing his vast 
 interests with unfailing energy and sound judg- 
 ment and enjoying the ripening fruits of an 
 industrious and exemplary life. 
 
 The genius of the world can neither devise 
 nor erect a more pleasant monument of eternal 
 greatness than is raised by the life and example 
 of a noble man w-ho transmits to his posterity 
 the heritage of an unsullied name. Mr. Hib- 
 bard's death occurred October 11, 1903, ter- 
 minating an honorable and successful busi- 
 ness career. 
 
 WILLIAM HICKS. 
 William Hicks, soldier and farmer. Palatine 
 Township, Cook County, 111., was born in Mon- 
 roe, Mass., October 3, 1840, the son of Joseph 
 and Lucinda Hicks. In iStJi he enlisted as a 
 soldier in the Fifteenth Kegiment Illinois In- 
 fantry, was discharged and re-enlisted at Camp 
 Cowan, in 1863. After this he served until 
 the fall of 1865, when he was finally mustered 
 out of the service. One of his last war experi- 
 ences was the march from Atlanta to the sea 
 with General Sherman. 
 
 NICHOLAS HINSBERGER. 
 Nicholas Hinsberger, farmer, postofiice ad- 
 dress Arlington Heights, 111., is a native of 
 Prussia, born September 20, 1840. His parents 
 (John and Mary Magdalena Hinsberger) are 
 also, like himself, of German birth. On Janu- 
 ary 25, 1870, he was married to Annie Walter, 
 and has seven children, named respectively, 
 Mary, Andrew, Rosa E., Anna, Clara, Nicholas 
 and Joseph. Andrew Walter, the father of 
 Mrs. Hinsberger, was one of the oldest settlers 
 of Wheeling, Ctook County, having located 
 there in 1848, where he resided on one of his 
 farms in the northern part of the town until 
 his death on July 4, 1901, at the age of eighty- 
 five years. 
 
 JACOB HISELMAN. 
 Jacob Hiselman, pipeman and treasurer of 
 Engine No. 6, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born in Chicago, May 3, 1861, and educated 
 In the Chicago public schools; later worked at 
 fiteam and gas-fitting, until he joined the Fire 
 Department, March 23, 1893, as pipeman on 
 Engine No. fi. He has also l3een treasurer of 
 the company. He has had many narrow es- 
 capes from fatal accidents. One of these oc- 
 curretl on .January 1, 1897, resulting from an 
 explosion of gas at 81 Wilson Street, which 
 knocked off the side partition of the third 
 floor of the building and threw Mr. Hiselman 
 down two flights of stairs, badly burning his 
 face and hands. About two years ago, at a 
 
 fire at the corner of Madison and Canal Streets, 
 while going up the main ladder with the hose, 
 the strap broke, leaving him at the top of the 
 ladder on the fourth story of the building. 
 His hands and face were severely burned be- 
 fore he could be rescued. Mr. Hiselman's 
 father, Frank Hiselman, lost his life at the 
 corner of Division and Wells Streets, during 
 the Chicago fire of 1871, while trying to save 
 a lady who was also burned to death. Noth- 
 ing was found of his father's remains except- 
 ing his heart. His watch was found in the 
 rums. Fireman Hiselman was married in Chi- 
 cago, May 1, 1884, to Maggie Bremer, and two 
 boys have been born to them, Peter J. and 
 Harry F. 
 
 ME.LCHIOR HOERNER. 
 
 Melchior Hoerner, Superintendent Police De- 
 partment, Union Stock Yards & Transit 
 Company, Chicago, was born near Carlisle, 
 Cumberland County, Pa., May 3, 1844, nine 
 years later coming to Warren County, 111., 
 where he was reared on a farm. On July 29, 
 1862, he enlisted in Company C, Eighty-third 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but in December 
 following was discharged on account of dis- 
 ability. Re-enlisting a few months later (1863) 
 in the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry, he was ap- 
 pointed Sergeant of Company L, serving until 
 mustered out at Memphis, Tenn., May 31, 1865, 
 under General Order No. 77. 
 
 Mr. Hoerner came to the Union Stock Yards 
 in August, 1865, and was placed in charge of 
 the main gate of the Union Stock Yards & 
 Transit Company, which position he retained 
 until 1882, when he was appointed Chief of 
 Police of the Union Stock Yards & Transit 
 Company, the force consisting of 117 men. He 
 has had charge of the extra force and all the 
 night work for twenty-four years. Mr. Hoerner 
 is the oldest employe of this company now in 
 their service, and is one of the best known men 
 in that neighborhood for the faithful dis- 
 charge of his duties and his kind and affable 
 way of treating all with whom he associates. 
 He was a member of the Board of Education 
 of the Town of Lake for the years 1892-93, 
 and is also a member of Mizpah Lodge, A. F. 
 & A. M., Delta Chapter, and Temple Council. 
 Mr. Hoerner was married in Chicago, July 25. 
 1869, to Miss Norah J. Lynch, and five daugh- 
 ters have been born to them, three of whom 
 are now living, viz.: Efl[ie, Alice and May. 
 Mr. Hoerner has lived in the same house at 
 4422 Emerald Avenue for thirty years. 
 
 PETER MICHAEL HOFFMAN. 
 Peter M. Hoffman, Coroner, Cook County, 
 was born in the Town of Maine, Cook County, 
 111., March 23, 1863, the son of Michael and 
 Annette (Nimsgarn) Hoffman, both of whom 
 were natives of Elsass. Germany. Michael 
 Hoffman, the father of the subject of this 
 sketch, when twelve years of age. emigrated 
 with his parents to the United States In 1842, 
 the family locating on a farm in the Town of 
 Northfield, Cook County, which, at that time, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 913 
 
 was but sparsely settled. In the latter part 
 of the year 1848, he started across the Plains 
 for California, reaching there in the latter part 
 of 1849, and after remaining eight years re 
 turned to Cook County in 1857, when he located 
 in the Town of Maine. In 1861 he married 
 Annette Nimsgarn of McHenry County, 111., 
 and they had three sons born to them, viz.: 
 Peter, Urban and George. Typhoid fever en- 
 tered the family in 1890, and, on April 10th of 
 that year, the son George died at the age of 
 nineteen years, and on November 24th, follow- 
 ing, Urban, aged twenty-three, leaving Peter, 
 the subject of this sketch, the only surviving 
 child of the family. Michael Hoffman with 
 his family lived on his farm in Maine Town- 
 ship until 1880, when he located in the village 
 of Des Plaines, where he spent the remainder 
 of his life, dying August 26, 1896. During his 
 residence in the Town of Maine he served for 
 twenty-eight consecutive years as Township 
 Assessor. His widow, Mrs. Annette Hoffman, 
 still survives. 
 
 While living on the farm, Peter M. Hoffman 
 spent his winter months in attendance on the 
 public schools, after the family removed to 
 Des Plaines, attending the grammar school at 
 that place and later taking a two-years' course 
 in Bryant & Stratton's Business College, in 
 Chicago. Subsequently he began his business 
 career as clerk in a grocery store, still later 
 being employed as Money Order Clerk in the 
 Chicago Postoflice. In 1884 he entered into 
 the employment of the Chicago & Northwest- 
 ern Railway Company as Shipping Clerk in 
 Chicago, subsequently holding successively the 
 positions of Receiving Clerk and Cashier, final- 
 ly being promoted to Chief Clerk for the 
 Freight Department at Grand Avenue and Jef- 
 ferson Street, Chicago. Other positions held by 
 him include tnose of Chairman of the Des 
 Plaines Village Board of Trustees and Chair- 
 man of the Board of Education for District 
 No. 64, in which he has served for six years 
 and up to the present time. 
 
 Mr. Hoffman has always been an earnest 
 Republican and an active worker in the inter- 
 ests of the party which he believes representa- 
 tive of a sound governmental policy. In 1898 
 he was elected to the office of County Com- 
 missioner for Cook County, was re-elected in 
 1900 and again in 1902, serving three terms 
 of two years each. While a member of the 
 Board he was Chairman of the Cook County 
 Hospital Committee and of the Committee on 
 the Dunning Institution, and for six years a 
 member of the Financial Committee. In 1904 
 he received the nomination for Coroner of Cook 
 County on the Republican ticket, and was 
 elected by a plurality over his Democratic op- 
 ponent of over 60,000 votes. 
 
 Mr. Hoffman was married August 17, 1888, 
 to Miss Emma May Peet, of Wheeling, Cook 
 County, and they have a family of five daugh- 
 ters and one son, all living, viz.: Edith May, 
 Nettie J., Lela Rae, Marguerite, Evelyn and 
 Gordon Culver. Mr. Hoffman still resides with 
 
 his family in the delightful suburban village 
 of Des Plaines, Cook County. 
 
 MICHAEL L. HOGAN. 
 Lieutenant, Armour & Company Fire Depart- 
 ment, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, born in 
 Bodeke, County Clare, Ireland, August Itt, 
 1861, was educated in the local schools, and 
 after leaving school, worked on his father's 
 farm until 1880, when he came to Pittsburg, 
 Pa., and there worked for the Carnegie Steel 
 Company for three years. Coming to Chicago 
 in 1883, he worked for the Illinois Steel Com- 
 pany for two years, and then for the West 
 Side Street Car Company until November 25, 
 1887, when he was appointed Lieutenant of the 
 Armour & Co. Fire Department, and still holds 
 that position. He has had many narrow es- 
 capes but has never been seriously injured. 
 He was married to Miss Ellen Nugent, in Chi- 
 cago, August 26, 1897, and two sons have been 
 born to them. Lieutenant Hogan has shown 
 by his close attention to his many responsible 
 duties that he is always ready when duty calls. 
 
 F. A. HOHMAN. 
 
 F. A. Hohman, City Clerk, Blue Island, 111., 
 was born in Albany, N.- Y., the son of Valen- 
 tine and Barbara (Metzger) Hohman, who were 
 natives of Saxony, Germany, and came to 
 New York in 1845, and to Des Plaines, 111., 
 in 1858. The father died in 1897, and the moth- 
 er still resides with her son, the subject of 
 this sketch. Mr. Hohman has spent his life 
 in Cook County since coming to the county 
 with his parents in 1858; in 1859 went to 
 Chicago, and 1871 to Blue Island, where he has 
 been a resident ever since. He first engaged 
 there in the contracting and building business, 
 but in 1887 was elected City Clerk, was re- 
 elected in 1889 and has served continuously 
 ever since, filling that position for a longer 
 period than any of his predecessors. Mr. Hoh- 
 man was married in Blue Island in 1869. to 
 Miss Rosa Echart, the daughter of Christopher 
 and Sophia C. Echart, who were born in 
 Germany and came to Blue Island about 1860, 
 both dying there. Mr. and Mrs. Hohman have 
 had seven children, viz.: Anna (deceased), 
 Florence (now Mrs. Roundstead of Blue Isl- 
 and), Samuel, Daisy, Fred, Alice and Howard. 
 In politics Mr. Hohman is a Republican and 
 takes a deep interest in public affairs; is also 
 a member of Calumet Lodge, No. 716, A. F. & 
 A. M., and Calumet Chapter; of Walhalla 
 Lodge, No. 574, I. O. O. F., and of No 463, 
 Knights of Pythias. 
 
 Blue Island was platted in 1837, incorpor- 
 ated as a village in 1872, and as a city in 1902. 
 The City hall, a two-story pressed-brick build- 
 ing, 74 X 76 feet, is occupied by the city library, 
 and the oflUces of the City Clerk, the Chief of 
 Police, the Superintendent of Police, the Super- 
 intendent of Streets and the City Council 
 Room. 
 
 GILBERT M. HOLMES. 
 
 Gilbert M. Holmes, manager Union Render- 
 ing Company and coal operator, was born in 
 
914 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Aurora, Erie County, N. Y., May 17, 1849; was 
 educated in the public schools and graduated 
 at Aurora Academy. After leaving the acad- 
 emy he came to Chicago in 1866, and became 
 connected with the Union Rendering Company, 
 remaining with them for fifteen years. He 
 then scalped hogs for three years, but in 1884 
 engaged in farming and the live-stock business 
 at Beatrice. Neb. In iSDl he went to Oska- 
 loosa, Iowa, where he was engaged in the coal 
 trade until January, 1898, when he removed to 
 Des Moines. Iowa, and became a coal operator, 
 still continuing in that line of business. Mr. 
 Holmes was married in Chicago, Oct. 10, 1876, 
 to Miss Mary R. Humphrey, and one daughter 
 has blessed their union. Mr. Holmes has a 
 large circle of friends and associates, who es- 
 teem him highly for his courteous and gentle- 
 manly bearing as a business man and a citizen. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. HOMER 
 Benjamin F. Homer, who is one of the noted 
 and successful hardware merchants of Chicago, 
 and occupies an enviable position in the trade 
 circles of the great metropolis, was born in 
 "Washington County, N. Y., February 19, 1834. 
 When a boy he accompanied his parents to the 
 western part of the Empire State, where he 
 received a common school education. For two 
 years he studied in the Middleburg Academy, 
 and when he was eighteen years old became a 
 teacher. After teaching a year he returned to 
 farming, in which he had previously been en- 
 gaged, and at twenty-three years of age was 
 married to Emeline C. Firman, of Richfield 
 Springs, in his native State. For a time he 
 was engaged in farming in Livingston County, 
 but after marriage, in company with a cousin, 
 entered into the drug trade. Shortly after, hav- 
 ing purchased his partner's interest, he con- 
 tinued the business alone until 1868. In this 
 line he was quite successful, and after following 
 it eight years, sold out, bringing the proceeds of 
 his business with him to Chicago. In July of 
 1868 he bought an interest in the hardware 
 house of Morris. Hodge & Company, and about 
 two years later Mr. Homer and Mr. Hodge 
 bought Mr. Morris' interest, the firm becoming 
 Hodge & Homer. In 1890 a stock company was 
 formed under the style of the Hodge & Homer 
 Comi)any. This business has steadily increased 
 from the beginning, and at the present time 
 gives emi)loyment to a large force of clerks. 
 The firm carries an extensive stock of builder's 
 hardware, mechanic's supplies, machinery, 
 agricultural implements, cutlery, and similar 
 goods. 
 
 Mr. Homer is the father of two children, Fred 
 M.. who is in the business with his father, and 
 Florence E. Homer, a daughter, who is living at 
 home. Mr. Homer Is now residing in Evanston, 
 111. 
 
 HK.VRY HAMILTON HONORE. 
 Henry Hamilton Honore, capitalist, was born 
 PVIjruary I'J, 18:'4. in Louisville, Ky. His grand- 
 father WEH Jean Antoine Honore, born In 1755 
 
 in Paris, France, the descendant of an old and 
 aristocratic family. Jean Antoine having no 
 taste for the priesthood, for which he had been 
 educated, and intensely imbued with the ideas 
 of that day held by the followers of Lafayette, 
 of whom he was a personal friend, and sharing 
 the latter's enthusiastic sympathies with the 
 great struggle for liberty going on in the new 
 land, as soon as he attained his majority 
 embarked for the United States, bringing a con- 
 siderable patrimony with him to Baltimore, Md., 
 where he settled in 1781. Here he resided, a 
 conspicuous and respected citizen, until 1806, 
 when he determined to remove to Louisville, 
 Ky., influenced thereto by its promise of future 
 importance as one of the chief cities of the 
 West. He took an active part in the develop- 
 ment of the rich country tributary to the Ohio 
 and Mississippi River basins, owned the first 
 steamboat to ply between Louisville and New 
 Orleans, and was for many years recognized as 
 a leading citizen, noted alike for business 
 sagacity and the courtliness of his manners. 
 He died in Louisville in 1843 leaving, besides 
 other children, a son Francis, who had been 
 born in Baltimore in 1792. Francis had not the 
 same inclination for affairs possessed by his 
 father, and lived the life of a country gentle- 
 man upon his plantation near Louisville. He 
 married Matilda Lockwood, the beautiful and 
 accomplished daughter of Capt. Benjamin Lock- 
 wood, U. S. A. The widow of Capt. Lockwood 
 married John Cleves Symmes, Captain U. S. A. 
 (quid vide, also "John Cleves Symmes." his 
 uncle. Revolutionary patriot and founder of Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio). Francis was the father of Henry 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Henry Hamilton received his early education 
 in private schools and divided his boyhood days 
 between extended visits to his grandfather in 
 Louisville and the home-life upon his father's 
 plantation. Soon after reaching his majority 
 he married Miss Eliza Carr, daughter of Capt. 
 .lohn Carr (quid vide) of Oldham County, Ky. 
 Miss Carr was noted for her intellect and 
 beauty, even in that country distinguished for 
 its beautiful women. After his marriage Mr. 
 Honore engaged in the wholesale hardware busi- 
 ness in Louisville. Tales told by Captain Lock- 
 wood, who had visited Chicago in the days of 
 Fort Dearborn, and those of his father who had 
 passed through the town on his way to Galena 
 in 1840, incited Mr. Honore, in 1853, to visit the 
 scene of his later successes. He returned to 
 Louisville so enthusiastic as to the future of 
 Chicago, that his friends were greatly impressed 
 and ultimately many of them either sent funds 
 to Chicago for investment or themselves fol- 
 lowed him after his removal in 1855. Mr. 
 Honore's first Chicago investment was for his 
 home, which he placed upon what is known as 
 the North Side, in the center of a square com- 
 prisin.g an entire city block. Later, becoming 
 largely interested in property on the West Side, 
 he removed his residence to that section of Chi- 
 cago many sub-divisions of which were devel- 
 oped by him, notal)ly the Ashland I. and Ash- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 915 
 
 land II. Additions to Chicago, containing the 
 beautiful Ashland Boulevard. The business 
 section of the city also engaged Mr. Honore's 
 attention, he being one of the first to foresee the 
 future of Dearborn Street upon which he had 
 built a number of fine office structures before 
 the great fire of October, 1871. These he imme- 
 diately re-erected after that catastrophe, confi- 
 dently predicting what the future has demon- 
 strated — that Dearborn Street would ultimately 
 become the most valuable office-section of the 
 city. 
 
 The magnificent system of parks and boule- 
 vards encircling Chicago, known collectively as 
 the North, South and West Park Systems, are 
 very largely the result of Mr. Honore's good 
 taste, foresight and public spirit. At a banquet 
 held about the time of the opening of the Colum- 
 bian Exposition in the South Park, Mr. D. H. 
 Burnham said of Mr. Honore: "Too much can- 
 not be said of what he has contributed to Chi- 
 cago's growth. Wherever his hand appeared 
 there has been big, broad development; he ever 
 looked into the future, planned for the future, 
 acted for the future. He is a grand, good man. 
 Chicago owes him a monument." 
 
 Of Henry Hamilton Honore the man, as he 
 was known to his cotemporaries, it is difficult 
 to draw a word picture. To say that, in adver- 
 sity and in prosperity alike, he was ever 
 approachable, genial, courteous, tells not of the 
 extreme kindliness of his eye, the heartiness of 
 his grasp nor of the almost boyish enthusiasm 
 and frankness of his address. Such natures are 
 to their fellowmen a source of perennial refresh- 
 ment; for in the dark places of individual 
 experience they bestow encouragement and hope 
 for the morrow by a look or a word, and in days 
 bounded by a brighter horizon, they seem to 
 accent the beauties and enjoyments of the 
 moment for every one with whom they come in 
 contact. 
 
 Mr. Honore has lived to see his six children 
 establish themselves firmly in the respect of 
 their fellow-citizens. Three sons, Adrian C, 
 Henry Hamilton, Jr., and Nathaniel K., under 
 the name of "Honore Brothers," conduct a very 
 large business in real estate in Chicago; his 
 youngest son Lockwood, after distinguishing 
 himself at the bar, was on June 1, 1903, elected 
 to the bench of the Circuit Court of Cook 
 County; his elder daughter, Bertha, is the 
 widow of one of Chicago's greatest and wealth- 
 iest citizens. Potter Palmer; his youngest daugh- 
 ter, Ida, is the wife of Brig-Gen. Frederick Dent 
 Grant, the son of Gen. U. S. Grant, and recently 
 United States Minister to the Court of Austria- 
 Hungary. 
 
 SOLOMON P. HOPKINS. 
 It is always pleasant either to tell or to 
 read the life-story of a self-made man of 
 a lofty type. The patience under trial, the 
 courage in the face of defeat, the energy, 
 resolution pluck and power of endurance 
 displayed by such men make us proud of 
 our common humanity. To win one's way from 
 
 the deck of a steamboat to a seat in legislative 
 halls; to rise through one's own efforts from a 
 humble post of duty to a position of grave 
 responsibility and high emolument — this is a 
 record of which one's posterity may well be 
 proud. 
 
 Synoptically this is the narrative of the life 
 of the late Samuel P. Hopkins. He came into 
 the world on March 2, 1828, in the village of 
 Fishkill, Dutchess County, N. Y. His early 
 intention was to become a lawyer, but fate 
 decreed otherwise, and after a year's study 
 he put away his text-books to become a "steam- 
 boatman." Going to California in 1852 he spent 
 some time in the handling of grain, meanwhile 
 filling the office of Justice of the Peace. Tiring 
 of life on the coast, he turned his face toward 
 the East, but got no farther than Ozaukee 
 County, Wis., where for two years he carried on 
 business as a flour merchant. It was while 
 living in Wisconsin in 1855 that he met and 
 married Miss Euretta A. Taylor, who with her 
 only son, Fred B., yet survives him, having her 
 home in Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Hopkins came to Chicago in 1856 and at 
 once engaged in dealing in live stock. In 1874 
 he took up his residence in the town of Lake, 
 and there lived during the remainder of his life. 
 For some years he held the position of inspector 
 of the Stock Yards and Transit Company, and 
 later became the representative of the combined 
 railroad interests doing business at the Yards. 
 In July, 1882, ill health compelled his resigna- 
 tion and on January 6th, following, his useful 
 life came to a close. 
 
 He was a man of strong personality and of 
 deep, earnest conviction. His standard of 
 morality was high, and from it neither circum- 
 stance nor the allurement of prospective gain 
 could induce him to deviate. His death was 
 deeply deplored, alike by his business associates 
 and the community at large. In politics he was 
 a stanch Republican, and represented his legis- 
 lative district in the Twenty-eighth, Twenty- 
 ninth, Thirtieth and Thirty-first General Assem- 
 blies. 
 
 JAMES HORAN. 
 James Horan, Second Assistant Fire Marshal, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago 
 in 1859, was educated in the public schools of 
 his native city and joined the Fire Department 
 in January, 1881, being assigned to duty as pipe- 
 man on Engine No. 1; was transferred as truck- 
 man to Hook and Ladder Company No. 4 in 
 1884, and promoted while there by the "Grand 
 Old Chief," to the rank of Lieutenant. In 1886 
 he was transferred to Engine No." 15, and during 
 the same year to Engine No. 11. Here he was 
 made Captain and assigned to the command of 
 Engine 13, in the heart of what was then the 
 perilous wholesale district. He was transferred 
 in 1888 to Truck No. 6, where he made a fine 
 record, which hastened his promotion to the 
 Chief of the First Battalion, to which he was 
 appointed on the 26th day of July, 1893. He 
 succeeded Chief Patrick O'Malley, who went to 
 
gi6 
 
 HISTORICAL E^TCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Jackson Park and. not long after, responded to 
 the death call. Viewing the remains of his 
 warm-hearted predecessor, Horan observed, 
 "God never made a braver man than Pat O'Mal- 
 ley." The remark published in the daily papers 
 was echoed throughout the department. 
 
 From 1893 for years Chief Horan was the 
 first commander at all fires in the "down-town" 
 business district. He was first at the Ayers 
 Building fire, where eleven citizens lost their 
 lives and where Fire Patrol No. 1 had so close 
 a call in the collapse of the structure; at the 
 conflagration in the Chicago Toy Company's 
 works, where the men of Truck 6 had so narrow 
 an escape; at the clothing house fire at Frank- 
 lin and Van Buren Streets, where three men of 
 Engine No. 2 were killed by falling fioors; at 
 the fire of Gillett's flavoring extracts factory, 
 and many others too numerous to mention. In 
 August. 1903. he was appointed Third Assistant 
 Fire Marshal and after the appointment of 
 Chief Campion at the head of the Fire Depart- 
 ment in 1904, was advanced to the position of 
 Second Assistant. Chief Koran's ability is not 
 only known in the department, but is recognized 
 by the press and the public. He is regarded as 
 a stalwart by his friends in the business com- 
 munity and among his associates where, by his 
 faithful discharge of duty and his kind and gen- 
 erous attention to the wants of others, he has 
 drawn around himself a large circle of personal 
 friends. 
 
 COURTNEY H. HORINE. 
 
 This sketch will readily recall to one famil- 
 iar with the history of the Union Stock 
 Yards in their early days, one of its en- 
 terprising and reliable operators. In the days 
 when individual character was a pronounced 
 factor of success Mr. Horine stood prominent 
 and was known throughout the Northwest as a 
 man of integrity and business ability. For 
 many years he was active in every enterprise 
 and movement to which his attention was in- 
 vited and which looked to the building up of 
 Chicago and the Stock Yards. His knowledge 
 of business was recognized, his character was 
 above reproach and he held an honorable place 
 in that coterie of old-fashioned and courtly gen- 
 tlemen, full of enterprise, but who would scorn 
 a mean act and whose simple word was a bond. 
 His career has been varied and interesting, and 
 his last years are invested with the respect that 
 comes from industry and integrity. 
 
 Mr. Horine, who is still a live-stock commission 
 merchant in Chicago, was born in .Jessamine 
 County, Ky., .June (>, 1829, and acquired his 
 education in the "poor man's university," the 
 district school, which he left at an early age to 
 become an apprentice at the carpenter's trade. 
 In October, 1847, he came to Bloomington, 111., 
 and cast his lot with the people of that thriving 
 Inland town. After the fires of Civil War were 
 llKhtcd he enlisted in 18G2, In Comi)any A, 
 Ninety-fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and 
 Herved hlH country as a private soldier, making 
 an honorable recorfl and iiarildpating in many 
 
 important engagements. In 1867 Mr. Horine 
 came to Chicago where he soon found employ- 
 ment for his business abilities in the live-stock 
 commission trade. In 1870 he organized the 
 firm of Horine Brothers & Company, in this 
 enterprise being associated with his brother, F. 
 M. Horine, H. B. Steck and others. This firm 
 was continued with occasional changes until 
 1895. when all interested parties retired but Mr. 
 Horine. Then he became associated with 
 Thomas, Starrett & Company with whom he is 
 still connected. 
 
 Mr. Horine was married near Bloomington, 
 111., November 6, 1850, to Miss Sarah Mason, 
 who became the mother of eight children and 
 passed away September 24, 1893. Five of their 
 children are still living. On May 14, 1896, he 
 married, as his second wife, in Chicago, Miss 
 H. M. Bowser. Mr. Horine has led an active 
 and strenuous life, and has contributed to the 
 up-building of Chicago and the Union Stock 
 Yards to their present mammoth proportions. 
 
 CHRISTOPH HOTZ. 
 
 In all those elements which enter into the 
 make-up of the successful manufacturer and 
 enterprising business man, as well as the genial 
 citizen and leader in educational and other pub- 
 lic enterprises, Chicago has had no more notable 
 example than he whose name stands at the head 
 of this article. He was born in Wertheim, 
 Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, January 25, 
 1842, the son of Gottfried Hotz, a chandler and 
 grain-merchant by occupation. He spent the 
 early years of his life in attendance on the pub- 
 lic schools of his native place, which he entered 
 at the age of five years. Later he became a 
 pupil in the Latin School, in the meantime 
 studying mechanics under the tutorship of 
 Prof. Andreas Fries, preparatory to entering the 
 Polytechnic School at Carlsruhe, where he 
 graduated with high honors in 1860, at the age 
 of eighteen years. While a student he spent 
 much of the time during his vacation on boats 
 owned and employed by his father in the prose- 
 cution of his business on the rivers Main and 
 Rhine, thus early becoming acquainted with 
 practical business methods and with the country 
 bordering upon these historic streams. 
 
 After graduating from the Polytechnic School 
 at Carlsruhe. following the custom of the time, 
 he started in business life as a journeyman, in 
 this capacity working in the various branches 
 of his future vocation in the most noted fac- 
 tories and establishments of Switzerland where 
 his technical ediication was efficiently utilized, 
 thus supplementing in a practical way the train- 
 ing he had received in the schools. After six 
 years spent in this manner, he was recognized 
 as a "master" in his profession, and his thoughts 
 were naturally directed to securing a permanent 
 position for the emi)loyment of his talents. It 
 was while still a student at Carlsruhe that, as 
 he said: "1 had the good fortune to meet a 
 fellow-student named Peter Schuttler of Chi- 
 cago. We were close friends, and, after parting, 
 we kept up a desultory correspondence, his 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 917 
 
 letters invariably holding out the superior op- 
 portunities of success in the United States, 
 which so impressed me that I sailed on the 
 evening of April 13 (1866), on the steamship 
 "Eugenie," for the New World, arriving in New 
 York May 2, 1866." 
 
 Mr. Hotz, having reached Chicago, first found 
 employment in the establishment of Messrs. P. 
 W. Gates & Co., manufacturer of mining and 
 other machinery, located on Canal and Wash- 
 ington streets, and, after a year spent with this 
 firm, opened up an establishment on his own 
 account. About this time he was married to 
 Miss Catherine Schuttler, the only sister of his 
 friend Peter Schuttler, and out of this relation- 
 ship came the partnership of the brothers-in- 
 law, which was organized August 22, 1868, 
 under the firm name of Schuttler & Hotz, their 
 business being carried on at the southwest cor- 
 ner of Randolph and Franklin streets, where it 
 was originally etsablished by Peter Schuttler, 
 Sr., for the manufacture of wagons, in 1843. 
 This extensive establishment, with all its stock 
 and machinery, shared the fate which befell all 
 down-town property as the result of the disas- 
 trous conflagration of October, 1871. The fac- 
 tory was promptly rebuilt on the corner of Clin- 
 ton and Monroe streets, and, less than seven 
 months after the date of the fire, was reopened 
 and in full operation on an enlarged scale. 
 For this task, requiring the exercise of both 
 business judgment and mechanical skill, Mr. 
 Hotz had been especially well qualified by the 
 practical experience gained in previous years 
 as a practical and successful engineer and man- 
 ufacturer. 
 
 Despite the demands made upon his time by 
 a strenuous business life, Mr. Hotz still found 
 time to be devoted to public interests, his first 
 office being as a member of the Board of Trus- 
 tees of the old Chicago University, to which 
 he was chosen while on a visit to the Pacific 
 Coast in 1874. In June, 1876, he was appointed 
 by Mayor Heath a member of the Chicago 
 Board of Education, in which he served as 
 chairman of the building committee, with sound 
 judgment and marked ability and with decided 
 advantage to the school interests of the city. 
 Further evidence of the interest which he had 
 ever manifested in the cause of popular and 
 technical education, is furnished in the fact 
 that he also served as a Trustee of the Chi- 
 cago Manual Training School, and, for many 
 years occupied a like relation with the Lewis 
 Institute of this city. His long oflficial connec- 
 tion with institutions of this character, which, 
 in their respective lines, have stood in the front 
 rank of educational enterprises of their day, 
 attests the value that was placed upon his ser- 
 vices in this field. In fact, it is doubtful if 
 any other business man of Chicago was ever 
 called upon to fill so many and such varied, as 
 well as prominent, positions in connection with 
 educational interests as was Mr. Hotz during 
 the nearly forty years of his residence in Chi- 
 cago. 
 
 The greater part of the year 1889 was spent 
 
 by Mr. Hotz traveling in Europe with his wife 
 and daughter. The following extract, taken 
 from his diary, relates to an incident of this 
 period: 
 
 "After an absence from the United States of 
 over nine months, I picked up a copy of the 
 'Chicago Times' in the reading-room of the 
 Kursall in Wiesbaden, and the first thing my 
 eye caught was, to my utter astonishment, a 
 notice of my election as a Trustee of the San- 
 itary District of Chicago on a citizens' ticket." 
 
 Upon his return to Chicago, a little later, he 
 was installed in office, filling the position with 
 fidelity to the public interest and with credit 
 to himself until January 16, 1892, when he ten- 
 dered his resignation. At the meeting of the 
 National Wagon Manufacturers' Association, 
 held in the following November, he was unan- 
 imously elected President of that organization, 
 discharging the duties of that office to the satis- 
 faction of all concerned for the next two years. 
 In 1894 he was chosen Treasurer of the Na- 
 tional Association of Agricultural Implement 
 and Vehicle Manufacturers, and in June, 1895, 
 was appointed by Mayor George B. Swift a 
 member of the first Civil Service Commission 
 for the city of Chicago, in which he served dili- 
 gently and with sound judgment for one year, 
 when he was reappointed by Mayor Swift for 
 a term of three years, but owing to a change 
 of administration in 1897, he and his Republican 
 colleague upon the Board retired. On January 
 7, 1896. he was chosen one of the directors of 
 the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank, a position 
 which he continued to fill up to the date of his 
 death, January 14, 1904. Mr. Hotz brought with 
 him from the Fatherland those traits of native 
 energy, strict integrity and trained skill which 
 he displayed in so conspicuous a manner during 
 his entire business career in this country, and 
 which contributed in such an eminent degree to 
 his success in life, as well as to the success of 
 the enterprises with which he was associated. 
 His connection with social organizations em- 
 braced the Chicago Commercial Club, of which 
 he became a member December 30, 1882, and the 
 Chicago Club, with which he was identified for 
 many years. 
 
 The highly responsible positions of both a pub- 
 lic and business character which Mr. Hotz was 
 called upon to fill during the latter years of 
 his life, indicate the estimation in which he 
 •was held as an upright and public-spirited cit- 
 izen, as well as a business man. He is sur- 
 vived by one son, Robert Schuttler Hotz, and an 
 only daughter, Mrs. Clara J. Ream, Mrs. Hotz 
 having preceded him to the "great unknown" 
 by some four years. 
 
 JOHN HOUGH. 
 Few are left of the men who, three and four 
 decades ago, by their hard work in building up, 
 enlarging and promoting the success of the 
 Chicago Stock Yards, did so much toward in- 
 suring the city's pre-eminence as a live stock 
 market. They belonged to an earlier genera- 
 tion, and, their work done, one by one they 
 
giS 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 have passed or are passing away. To this class 
 of energetic workers belonged the late Mr. John 
 Hough, who was born at North Augusta, On- 
 tario. Canada, on September 17, 1846, and died 
 June 7, 1899. 
 
 It was in 1865 that he came to Chicago from 
 his Canadian home, to begin life at nearly the 
 bottom round of the ladder, as a journeyman 
 carpenter in the yards where he was afterward 
 to hold a post of high honor and responsibility. 
 He climbed higher, however, round by round. 
 Tireless efforts and unswerving integrity make 
 themselves felt in the end, and Mr. Hough be- 
 came Assistant Superintendent. In 1888 he 
 resigned this position, to retire to private life, 
 in enjoyment of the competency which had been 
 well earned. Twenty-five years ago he invested 
 largely, yet with sound judgment, in real estate 
 in the neighborhood of the Yards. As time 
 went by these investments proved more and 
 more profitable. 
 
 Mr. Hough was a Republican in his political 
 creed, and an active party worker in both na- 
 tional and State politics. He was social in his 
 nature, having many friends, who always found 
 his fidelity unfailing. He was a Royal Arch 
 Mason and a Knight Templar. He was a man 
 of broad public spirit, and was for many years 
 prominently identified with the development of 
 the town of Lake, prior to its absorption by Chi- 
 cago. 
 
 Mr. Hough married on December 17, 1879, 
 Hattie H. Muirhead, the daughter of George 
 Muirhead, also a prominent citizen of Lake and 
 at one time Town Supervisor. The issue of the 
 marriage was two sons, George M. and Har- 
 old R. 
 
 JOSEPH W. HOUGH. 
 
 Chicago offers many opportunities to the 
 young man who has the brains to see and the 
 will and pluck to improve them. It is not al- 
 ways, however, that the seeker after success 
 is willing to begin in the comparatively small 
 way which first offers, forgetting that, to win 
 his way, he must be free from undue self- 
 esteem, and brave to bear as well as to do. Mr. 
 Joseph W. Hough unites these qualities in 
 that high degree which has enabled him to rise 
 from the position of a mere subordinate to that 
 of an independent, prosperous business man. 
 By birth he is a Canadian, having first seen the 
 sun in Augusta, Ontario, on January 6, 1852. It 
 was on New Year's Day, 1879, that he first came 
 to Chicago and at once found employment at 
 the Union Stock Yards. John Hough was, at 
 that time, superintendent of construction, and 
 Joseph W. Hough, under his supervision, was 
 a journeyman carpenter. He soon rose, by 
 virtue of fidelity and skill, to be assistant fore- 
 man, and on January 1, 1888, was promoted to 
 the superlntendency, a position for which he 
 poBHesHed admirable qualifications, and whose 
 flutleB he continued to discharge until Novem- 
 ber. 1899, when he tendered his resignation In 
 order that he might embark In the real-estate 
 and InHurance liuslness. Mr. Hough has been 
 twice marrlfd. He first led to the altar Miss 
 
 Josie Buell to whom he was united on July 4, 
 1882, at Morristown, N. Y. Mrs. Hough died 
 March 26, 1889, leaving two children. His sec- 
 ond wife was Miss Laura I. Sproul, and this 
 marriage has been blessed with one child. 
 
 FREDERICK HOWARD. 
 
 Frederick Howard has Iftng exerted a decided 
 infiuence in the commercial and public affairs 
 of Chicago, and in the old days before Hyde 
 Park became a part of the city, was one of its 
 most useful citizens and capable officials. His 
 name is indissolubly associated with the civic 
 history of that municipality, especially with its 
 old water department, when it received the first 
 pure water it long had under his administra- 
 tion of that branch of public service. Mr. How- 
 ard was born in Randolph, Mass., October 1, 
 1848, and on his arrival in Chicago while still 
 a very young boy, began his attendance upon 
 the Dearborn public school in 1854. He left 
 school in 1861, and at that early age applied 
 himself to work, entering first the office of the 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company, 
 where he remained six months, and then be- 
 came an employe of Quimby & Company, pack- 
 ers. After remaining with them two years, he 
 returned to Marion, Mass., where he was em- 
 ployed in his father's hotel for four years. In 
 1868 he came back to Chicago to take a posi- 
 tion in the office of the Commercial Fire In- 
 surance Company, which he held for a year, 
 when he again went East to find employment in 
 Colchester, Conn. Coming to Chicago for a 
 third time he found employment in the office of 
 Horine Brothers, at the Exchange Building in 
 the Union Stock Yards, where he was engaged 
 for some time as a bookkeeper, later becoming 
 a member of the firm. In 1888 he retired from 
 the firm to engage in the real-estate business, 
 which seemed to offer opportunity for profitable 
 investments. His judgment has been so far 
 justified by results, that Mr. Howard is still 
 engaged in the business, having his office at 614 
 Chamber of Commerce Building. 
 
 In 1885 Mr. Howard was elected a member 
 of the Board of Trustees of Hyde Park, and 
 Water Commissioner,' in which position he re- 
 mained two years, and where he had oppor- 
 tunity to render valuable service to the people 
 of that district. During a heavy storm some 
 two years before his entrance upon the office of 
 Water Commissioner, the tunnel was closed, 
 and it was during his administration that it 
 was reopened, thus securing the first pure water 
 the district had known for a long period. He 
 served as School Treasurer for Hyde Park and 
 the town of T>ake in 1886, and proved himself, 
 as he has everywhere else, a capable and vig- 
 ilant official. Mr. Howard was married April 
 2.3, 187.S, to Miss Carrie I. Stone, of Chicago, and 
 to their union have come nine children, five 
 of whom are now living. Mr. Howard has a 
 host of friends who respect and esteem him for 
 his kind and genial ways, and for his marked 
 readiness to "lend a hand whenever needed" 
 to any good cause. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 919 
 
 W. M. HOYT. 
 
 In this country, where the valuable prizes 
 of life depend upon merit, rather than upon 
 the accidents of birth and fortune, the men of 
 character, courage, pluck and ambition are the 
 successful. The highest places in the learned 
 professions are filled with, and the greatest 
 commercial enterprises are conducted by, such 
 men. The wonderful growth and prosperity of 
 Chicago are the result of the activity and public 
 spirit of that class of men. Among the most 
 prominent of the self-made and self-reliant, 
 successful and independent business men of 
 Chicago is William Melancthon Hoyt, who, for 
 nearly fifty years, has been identified with the 
 growth of Chicago and, in common with many 
 of its strong and public-spirited citizens, to his 
 well-directed energy is due much of the ma- 
 terial prosperity of the city. 
 
 Mr. Hoyt came from Vermont at the early age 
 of eighteen, and here laid the foundations of 
 his fortune in his own way. He is the son of 
 Carlos M. and Lydia Anne (Buttolph) Hoyt, 
 and was born in New Haven, Addison County, 
 Vt., July 26, 1837, being of the tenth generation 
 of the Hoyt family in this country, and a direct 
 descendant of John Hoyt, who was one of the 
 original settlers of Salisbury, Mass. "Whether 
 he came directly from England, or had pre- 
 viously lived in other towns in America, is un- 
 certain. Our subject's great-grandfather, Seth 
 Hoyt, was a soldier of the Revolution, a Justice 
 of the Peace in New Haven, Conn., and one of 
 the council of censors to examine the acts of 
 the Legislature, revise the laws, etc. William's 
 early life was spent on his father's farm at the 
 sort of work which hardens the muscles and 
 toughens the sinews — work in a pure atmos- 
 phere, pure as the sunlight, that promotes 
 healthfulness and perfect physical development. 
 While employed in the ordinary work of the 
 farm he manifested, very early, a taste for 
 barter and exchange, always characteristic of 
 the commercial instinct which is born with the 
 boy. His preliminary education was acquired 
 in the public schools and the academy of Mr. 
 Ten Broeke, at Panton, Vt. 
 
 In 1855, at the age of eighteen, following the 
 star of empire westward he stopped in Chicago, 
 then a flourishing city of less than three-score 
 thousand inhabitants. He had little money and 
 no influential friends. All he asked was an 
 opportunity to engage in some line of commer- 
 cial business. The amount of salary at the 
 beginning was not important. He had faith in 
 himself. He felt that, with a trial, he could 
 make his services so valuable to an employer 
 that a fair salary would follow. The times 
 seemed not to be auspicious. He called at many 
 houses to inquire for work, but only to be re- 
 fused. He made application in person to pro- 
 prietors of many stores, only to be turned aside 
 by their answer, "no vacancies." The disap- 
 pointments and discouragements attending his 
 first experience in Chicago would have caused 
 a less resolute boy to return home, or turn 
 aside and enter into some degrading service, but 
 
 they seemed to nerve him to greater effort. He 
 consulted the oracle in an intelligence office 
 and was sent to a billiard hall, where a young 
 man was wanted to manage some tables. It 
 was the first time he had ever entered such 
 a place. His convictions, firm and unyielding 
 as to the value of good associations and the 
 corrupting influence of evil communications, 
 fortified him with strength to decline the sit- 
 uation, when really anxious for work. He had 
 not forgotten a mother's good counsel. After 
 some urging, he induced the proprietor of the 
 intelligence office to permit him to call upon 
 Mr. Bevans, a grocer who had advertised for 
 an experienced young man to work in his store. 
 The impression which he made on the grocer 
 was so satisfactory that a bargain was soon 
 entered into, under which he went to work on 
 a trial for ten dollars a month and board. The 
 "trial" was satisfactory, and after a short ser- 
 vice a contract was made for a year, at twenty 
 dollars a month and board. The whole period 
 spent in the place covered eighteen months, 
 when he resigned and took a course of study in 
 Bell's Commercial College, from which he grad- 
 uated. After a service of one year on a salary, 
 with a fruit dealer, he opened business for him- 
 self, with a capital of eighty-nine dollars, in a 
 room for which he agreed to pay the annual 
 rental of eleven hundred dollars. This was the 
 beginning of a business career that developed 
 into great prominence and usefulness. 
 
 Like all prominent successes in business, 
 it was a growth, gradual but without interrup- 
 tion. Opening as a small dealer in fruits at 
 wholesale and retail, he developed by progres- 
 sive evolutions into a wholesale grocer and head 
 of a great house, whose trade reaches all parts 
 of the Northwest, and whose reputation is high 
 in commercial circles. A brief history of the 
 changes and progress is as follows: In 1865 he 
 bought the business of James A. Whitaker, No. 
 101 South Water Street, foot of Wabash Ave- 
 nue. Notwithstanding the loss of his place of 
 business and the two stores he owned on North 
 Dearborn Street, at the time of the great fire 
 of 1871, he fully realized that once more it 
 would be necessary to put forth great energy 
 in reconstructing the business and making good 
 its great loss. As soon as he learned that his 
 place was in ashes, he cast about to find a suit- 
 able location outside of the burned district. It 
 was early in the forenoon of October 9th that 
 he leased the store at 63 South Canal Street, 
 and upon signing the lease Mr. Welsh, the land- 
 lord, remarked as he looked out of the window, 
 where he saw the fire was raging across the 
 river, "would it not be well to withhold our 
 signatures until we know that this property 
 may not be destroyed." To which Mr. Hoyt re- 
 plied: "No harm in executing the lease now, 
 as in case the store goes the lease will go with 
 it." It was signed, and after a time he was 
 offered a large bonus for it, which was neces- 
 sarily declined. On the evening of the same day 
 Mr. Hoyt took a train for New York, where he 
 met his creditors who were in great doubt as 
 
920 
 
 HISTORICAL EN"CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 to what would become of their Chicago busi- 
 ness. After a short conference. In which Mr. 
 Hoyt stated he could not say how he stood, as 
 payment of insurance was in doubt and his 
 books not balanced, but one thing was certain, 
 he had a store rented and wanted stock to 
 start with. The creditors were unanimous in 
 the opinion that it would be best to furnish the 
 new supply and await further developments. 
 The result was that remittances came in so 
 freely that the creditors got all their dues 
 promptly and one hundred cents on the dollar. 
 
 The "New York Times/' in an editorial an- 
 nounced Mr. Hoyt as the first arrival from Chi- 
 cago since the fire, and mentioned the good re- 
 sults of the conference in which Chicago pluck 
 would be met by New York generosity. The 
 following year Mr. Hoyt purchased the site 
 of Old Fort Dearborn, Michigan Avenue and 
 River Street, opposite the Rush street bridge, 
 where he erected the present salesroom and 
 warehouse so admirably adapted to the require- 
 ments of the business. In addition to this the 
 company now owns Nos. 6 and 8 River Street, 
 opposite, in which they have their coffee and 
 spice mills. 
 
 The William M. Hoyt Company was incor- 
 porated under the laws of Illinois in 1883, with 
 members of the old firm as stockholders, and 
 the business has been conducted in the cor- 
 porate name since that time. The officers of 
 the company are W. M. Hoyt, President; R. J. 
 Bennett, Vice-President; Arthur G. Bennett, Sec- 
 retary and Treasurer; Albert C. Buttolph and 
 Graeme Stewart, business managers. As this 
 great business house occupies one of the most 
 interesting historic spots in the Northwest, Mr. 
 Hoyt caused to be prepared and set in the wall 
 of his building a memorial tablet on which he 
 had engraved a sketch of the forts erected on 
 the site, the first in 1803-04, the second in 1816, 
 after the dreadful massacre of 1812. 
 
 Mr. Hoyt was married April 9, 1860, to Miss 
 Emilie J. Landon, daughter of Nelson Landon, 
 of Benton, Lake County, 111., and four children 
 were born of this marriage. The eldest, Wil- 
 liam Landon. died when five years of age; the 
 other three are Emilie Lydia, now Mrs. F. Mor- 
 ton Fox, of Philadelphia; Nelson Landon, who 
 is connected with the l)usiness house of his 
 father. When Phelps Buttoli)h, the second son, 
 manifested a desire for a collegiate education, 
 he was carefully prepared for the Scientific 
 School of Yale I'niversity, from which he re- 
 ceived the degree of Ph.B in 1893. He then 
 entereri Into the management of his father's 
 real estate business. 
 
 Mr. Hoyt's children have been carefully 
 taught and reared. He finds little attraction in 
 the allurements of club life. His ('lub is his 
 home, and Its membership comprises the mem- 
 berH of his family. He has thus been able to 
 enjoy the companionship of his children and 
 cxiTt a salutary inHiicnce during (he formative 
 period, when restraint and direction are so im- 
 portant In fixing hal)itH and establishing char- 
 acter, and when timely suggest Ion Impart whole- 
 
 some and correct views of life's duties and ob- 
 ligations, to a degree that determines the posi- 
 tion and destiny of boys and girls. While al- 
 lowing them all the advantages that wealth 
 affords, he discourages any ostentatious display, 
 and teaches them that money is not to be relied 
 upon for attaining honorable position; that 
 must depend upon individual character and ex- 
 ertion. He wisely endeavors to obtain the 
 highest development of a boy by encouraging 
 his natural tendency or inclination. When his 
 son Landon evinced a desire for business, he 
 took him into the store, but required him to put 
 on an apron and begin at the bottom, learning 
 all the details of the business by actual ex- 
 perience. 
 
 Mr. Hoyt has been helpful to scores of young 
 men who have gone to him for assistance. Many 
 have been aided and encouraged by his counsel; 
 others have, through his interposition, secured 
 positions of responsibility; and still others have 
 obtained from him the necessary means to em- 
 bark in business. His present partners were 
 former clerks in his employ and were promoted 
 to their present positions on account of business 
 ability and valuable service. Partners with cap- 
 ital cut no figure with him. Honesty, good 
 morals and good business ability he regards as 
 far more valuable than cash capital. His lib- 
 erality in matters of charity is directed toward 
 helping others to help themselves, and many 
 deserving charities find in him a liberal con- 
 tributor. Though not a member of any church, 
 he sympathizes in a practical way with the char- 
 itable and Christian work of his wife. 
 
 In 1872 he organized and established the 
 "Grocer's Criterion," which has developed into 
 the most influential and widely circulated trade 
 journal, for that branch of business, in the 
 United States. Through the medium of this 
 publication he has brought the advantages of 
 his house directly to the attention of retailers, 
 and has thus been able to dispense with the ser- 
 vices of traveling salesman. He was the pioneer 
 in the inauguration of this new system. Al- 
 though the "Criterion" has passed into other 
 hands, its publication is continued weekly, and 
 his company pays it annually for advertising a 
 sum larger than the total income of the best 
 country newspaper. 
 
 The business of the firm is conducted on a 
 strictly cash basis. They buy as closely as pos- 
 sible and discount all bills; sell on short time 
 and require i)rompt payment. They are thus 
 enabled to make better prices than dealers who 
 buy on credit and are indifferent about collec- 
 tions. The stability of this house is not seri- 
 ously affected by a monetary stringency or a 
 panic. Personally Mr. Hoyt never speculates, 
 l)ut invests his surplus in Chicago real estate 
 for i)ermanent hohlings. By exercising good 
 judgment in real-estate investments, they have 
 become so varied and valuable as to require 
 most of his time. He lives in quiet hixury in 
 his large and elegant home in Winnetka, on 
 the Lake Shore, seventeen miles north of Chi- 
 cago. He has his winter home at Green Cove 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 921 
 
 Springs, Fla., near Jacksonville, on the St. 
 John's River. 
 
 The career of such a man is a guide and ex- 
 ample for the young. It exhibits qualities 
 worthy of imitation. He who starts in life with 
 no capital but integrity, ability and a fixed 
 purpose, and thus achieves remarkable success, 
 is the one who combines the most desirable 
 qualities. Greater executive ability is required 
 to organize and manage a large commercial 
 business than to conduct the chief executive 
 office in the State government. In the latter, 
 the methods are all established, and the law 
 directs the administration; whereas, the busi- 
 ness man must formulate his plans and adapt 
 them to conditions liable to frequent changes. 
 He must study the markets, both as a buyer 
 and a seller. He must be able to select and em- 
 ploy men with reference to their capacity to 
 buy and sell and keep the infinite details of his 
 business well in hand. Mr. Hoyt is sagacious, 
 prudent, careful. His perception is acute; his 
 decision instantaneous; his judgment accurate. 
 He acquires and holds the confidence and es- 
 teem of his associates and employes. He accom- 
 plishes his purpose with such tact and diplo- 
 macy as not to antagonize or offend others. He 
 rather shrinks from prominence or notoriety, 
 but never shirks a duty. He is enterprising and 
 progressive. By the application of sound prin- 
 ciples his business has been extended to 
 enormous proportions. Always public spirited 
 and ready to aid in the advancement of Chi- 
 cago's interests, he was one of the early ad- 
 vocates for the location of the World's Fair in 
 Chicago and contributed liberally to that gigan- 
 tic enterprise. In personal intercourse he is 
 genial and affable, always exhibiting the gen- 
 uine characteristics of a gentleman. 
 
 In politics Mr. Hoyt was a Republican up to 
 the time he first voted for Grover Cleveland 
 for the presidency. He desires to be strictly 
 independent and casts his vote and uses his 
 infiuence according to his best judgment. In 
 this view he looks to betterment in government 
 by restoring a Democratic administration. In 
 this we might expect greater economy; do away 
 with imperialism; lessen taxation; work on 
 lines of peace rather than invite and prepare 
 for war; enjoy a freer trade and have fewer 
 trusts; recognize the law of supply and de- 
 mand; get back on to the lines that insure 
 permanent prosperity, rather than have booms 
 and inflation that result in panics and demoral- 
 ization. 
 
 JOHN M. HUBBARD. 
 
 John M. Hubbard, Assistant Postmaster, was 
 born at Drewsville, N. H., in 1847. His early 
 years were passed at Saxtons River, Vt. where 
 he attended the district school and academy. 
 The movement toward the West, then at its 
 height, caught the spirit of adventure in the 
 youth, and he made the long journey to Chi- 
 cago in 1864. He entered the Postal Service as 
 a clerk in the mailing division in 1871, and, 
 with but one intermission, has been contin- 
 uously connected with the service ever since. 
 
 Before entering the postofiice, Mr. Hubbard 
 was engaged in the great wholesale dry-goods 
 house of John V. Farwell & Co., and there ac- 
 quired that intimate knowledge of business de- 
 tails which later proved extremely valuable to 
 the postal service. Very little in the way of 
 information comes amiss to those employed in 
 the postofiice, and Mr. Hubbard's busy life ex- 
 emplifies the saying, for he has occasion quite 
 often to draw upon the stores of legal experience 
 gained as Chief Clerk in the Sheriff's office 
 during his absence from the Postal Service be- 
 tween the years 1881 and 1889. After serving 
 in the Registry Division, he was promoted to 
 be Postmaster's Secretary in 1872, and after- 
 ward, under Postmaster John McArthur, became 
 Superintendent of the City Division. Any one 
 who remembers Chicago as it was just after 
 the great fire of 1871, will realize the magnitude 
 of the task which presented itself to the new 
 City Superintendent. The city had grown with 
 giant strides, but the Postal Service had not 
 kept pace with its growth. Mr. Hubbard's re- 
 ports and recommendations from time to time 
 opened the crusade for a full recognition by the 
 Department of Chicago's postal needs, which 
 successive Postmasters have since earnestly 
 urged. It is interesting to note that, in 1889, 
 Mr. Hubbard spoke before the Postofiice Com- 
 mittee at Washington, and recommended that, 
 on account of his financial responsibilities and 
 the importance of the office, the salary of Chi- 
 cago's Postmaster be increased to $8,000 per 
 annum, but it was not until 1903 that the neces- 
 sary legislation was secured to procure the in- 
 crease which was admitted as proper and neces- 
 sary almost a generation before. 
 
 Mr. Hubbard's interest in the service, however, 
 has not been the sort of interest which com- 
 mendably enough, we feel in our means of 
 livelihood. It has had a far higher and wider 
 range, and covers the entire field of postal prog- 
 ress. His contributions to this field have won 
 for him recognition as an authority on the 
 Postal Service of the United States. Serving as 
 Assistant-Postmaster under administrations of 
 divergent politics, his duties at times have been 
 difficult and delicate. No one has ever ques- 
 tioned his allegiance to the political party which 
 formed about Lincoln in Illinois, yet none has 
 ever intimated that his service to the Govern- 
 ment has ever been colored by the least display 
 of partisanship in office. It is this prevailing 
 characteristic of impartiality and scrupulous ad- 
 herence to conscientious convictions and well- 
 reasoned beliefs which has enabled him to serve 
 with credit alike under both Democratic and Re- 
 publican Postmasters. 
 
 When Mr. Hubbard became Superintendent of 
 Delivery, the entire postal business of Chicago 
 was done under one roof. He recommended and 
 afterward introduced into Chicago the Station 
 System, which now embraces 250 separate loca- 
 tions at which postal business is transacted. 
 He suggested the original plan for establishing 
 the collecting and delivery services on separate 
 bases, which was adopted during the administra- 
 
922 
 
 HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 tion of Colonel Sexton. He also specialized the 
 methods of city distribution and laid the founda- 
 tion of the system as it stands today. He an- 
 ticipated the civil service law, by recommending 
 to the Postmaster (who secured the depart- 
 mental approval) the appointment of substitute 
 carriers as regulars according to seniority, and 
 so displaced the haphazard method then pre- 
 vailing. 
 
 When a man with intelligence and honesty 
 connects himself with any service, and when, 
 furthermore, he has occupied a position of in- 
 fluence and responsibility for years longer than 
 the average duration of a human life, he is cer- 
 tain to impress himself on its life and progress 
 in many and various ways. So it has been with 
 Mr. Hubbard. The evidences of his interest and 
 Intelligence are apparent in every division of the 
 local postofflce, and there is scarcely an im- 
 provement he has not been instrumental in fur- 
 thering. Withal, he has the unusual capacity of 
 justly appreciating his subordinates, and their 
 suggestions are cordially received and never fail 
 to gain the proper meed of approval. One of 
 the more important pieces of postal work on 
 which Mr. Hubbard was engaged, and which 
 showed his skill and his knowledge of the ser- 
 vice, was the amalgamation of fifty-four inde- 
 pendent postofRces with the Chicago office in the 
 summer of 1894. Postmasters generally will rec- 
 ognize that the transfer, even of one small 
 office, with the financial and other responsibili- 
 ties it involves, is a difficult task, but when we 
 consider the transfer of fifty-four — some of them 
 first-class offices — then the magnitude of the 
 task, accomplished without a serious hitch, will 
 be realized as a great piece of postal work. 
 Again, the removal of the entire postoffice force 
 and furniture from the old postofflce to the tem- 
 porary building on the Lake front in April, 1896, 
 which Mr. Hubbard planned without disturbing 
 the regular service beyond the dropping of one 
 trip, was a feat seldom equaled anywhere in the 
 Postal Service. 
 
 Mr. Hubbard is a big, broad-shouldered Yan- 
 kee, with a hearty, vibrating voice, and one in- 
 stantly feels that he is deeply in earnest in what- 
 ever cause he advocates. Speaking of voice, it 
 should be said in passing that Mr. Hubbard is 
 a musician of more than local reputation, and 
 for years sang in the choir of the Second Pres- 
 byterian church. During tlie war, while quite 
 a boy, he was a member of the famous Chicago 
 Quartette, and his singing inspired much patri- 
 otic enthusiasm, and was one of the features of 
 the enthusiastic war meetings of the time. Be- 
 fore the new civil service was introduced he 
 often accompanied the late Robert G. Ingersoll 
 on hi.s great oratorical campaigns, and it was 
 said of his singing that it was a fitting accom- 
 paniment to the oratory — by no means an un- 
 flattering commendation, when one considers 
 the caliber of the orator. 
 
 Mr. Hubl)ard was married to Miss Helen M. 
 ChllflH, of Boston. Mass., on the 23d of Decem- 
 fier. 186S, and haH two children, .John M. Hub- 
 bard, .Jr.. and Mary M. Paddleford. 
 
 HENRY HUDSON. 
 Henry Hudson, attorney-at-law, was born in 
 Tompkins County, N. Y., July 24, 1835, and was 
 educated in the public schools of Ypsilanti, Mich. 
 He is a son of Richard and Sarah (Emmet) 
 Hudson, the former born in Connecticut, and 
 the latter in New York. On the paternal side 
 of the family the grandfather was John B. Hud- 
 son, who was born in Connecticut, where he 
 married Sarah Smith, a native of the same 
 State. On the maternal side the grandfather 
 was Samuel Emmet, whose birth occurred while 
 crossing the ocean, the grandmother's maiden 
 name being Anna Salomon, a native of England. 
 On the paternal side the family is descended 
 from Daniel Hudson, who was born in Boston, 
 Mass., in 1690. The ancestors on the maternal 
 side came originally from Ireland. In politics 
 Mr. Hudson is a Republican. In 1866 he was 
 elected Mayor of Boone, Iowa, and served as 
 Circuit Judge from 1869 to 1873. He was mar- 
 ried in Chicago, October 21, 1866, to Mary E. 
 Roche, and of this union six children were 
 born, of whom two, Harry N., and Josephine 
 H., survive. 
 
 WILLIS A. HULL. 
 Willis A. Hull, Fire Marshal, Swift & Com- 
 pany, was born in Collinsville, Conn. December 
 22, 1860, and educated in the public schools. 
 After leaving school he went into the grocery 
 business, remaining until he came to Chicago in 
 1885, when he joined the Fire Insurance Patrol, 
 No. 1; later was transferred to Patrol No. 4, 
 and promoted to Lieutenant. Mr. Hull was Fire 
 Inspector of the Stock Yards for the Board of 
 Underwriters for ten years, until he came to 
 Swift & Company, November 1, 1896, and was 
 appointed Fire Marshal, which position he still 
 retains, and, by his long and constant fire 
 service, has shown himself to be the "right man 
 in the right place," and ready for any duty 
 which he may be called upon to perform. He 
 was married in Chicago, April 23, 1893, to Miss 
 Hattie Bronson, and they have had three chil- 
 dren, only one of whom is now living. 
 
 CHARLES D. HULVERSON. 
 Charles D. Hulverson, Superintendent of the 
 McReynolds Elevator B, located at South Wood 
 Street and Fifteenth Place, Chicago, was born 
 at Plymouth, Ind., July 7, 1861, the son of Huger 
 and Phoebe (Tibbets) Hulverson. The father 
 died in 1880, at the age of fifty-eight years, but 
 the mother is still living. After being employed 
 as telegrapher and train-despatcher by the Wa- 
 bash Railroad Company at the Forty-seventh 
 Street Station for five years, and in a like capac- 
 ity by the Wisconsin Central for fifteen years, 
 he spent nine years, first as wcighman and then 
 as foreman in the grain elevator business with 
 J. F. Kendall. In May, 1900, he succeeded Mr. 
 Kendall as Superintendent of the McReynolds & 
 Company's Elevator, a position which he still re- 
 tains. This elevator was erected in 1887 by 
 Linus & Dwight, being then known as the Wis- 
 consin Elevator. It has a storage capacity of 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 923 
 
 a million bushels of grain, with ample and mod- 
 ern machinery and other conveniences including 
 an electric light plant. Mr. Hulverson was 
 married March 17, 1900, to Miss Minnie New- 
 man, of Chicago, and he and his wife are attend- 
 ants on services at the Fourth Christian Scien- 
 tist Church, Chicago. In politics he is a Repub- 
 lican and deeply interested in good government. 
 
 JUDGE JONAS HUTCHINSON. 
 
 Jonas Hutchinson, lawyer and jurist, at the 
 time of his death Justice of the Superior Court 
 of Cook County, was born in Milford, N. H., 
 January 10, 1840, the youngest of a family of 
 nine children, and was there reared on a farm. 
 His father having died when his son was six 
 years old, the latter worked in a grocery store 
 for a time, took a preparatory course in the 
 academy at Mount Vernon, N. H., and, at the 
 age of nineteen years, entered Dartmouth Col- 
 lege, where he graduated with honors in 1863. 
 During his collegiate course he became a mem- 
 ber of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, in 
 which he always retained an active interest. 
 
 His bright mind and attractive ways com- 
 mended him to the friendship of the President 
 of the college, Nathan Lord, who recommended 
 him as a teacher for the high school at Colum- 
 bus, 0. This confidence was soon demonstrated 
 to be well founded, for we find this young 
 teacher, at the end of his first year the Principal 
 of this high school. He served two years in 
 this position and then came to Chicago, on a 
 business venture, as the Western Agent for the 
 publishing house of D. Appleton & Co. After 
 two years of successful business management, 
 he turned his attention to the study of law in 
 an effort to gratify his youthful ambition to 
 become a lawyer. He prosecuted his legal stu- 
 dies in Boston and in Milford, N. H. In the 
 latter place, under the direction of Mr. Bain- 
 bridge Wadleigh, a distinguished lawyer, wno 
 subsequently became a United States Senator 
 from New Hampshire, Mr. Hutchinson was ad- 
 mitted to the bar of his native State in March, 
 1869. He returned to Chicago to strive for the 
 rewards and honors in his profession, which he 
 afterwards so amply attained, both at the Bar 
 and on the Bench. In 1876 he entered into part- 
 nership with James H. Roberts, the firm after- 
 wards becoming Roberts, Hutchinson & Thomas. 
 
 Jonas Hutchinson was always interested in 
 the political events of his time and was, all his 
 life, a stanch Democrat. His ability and popu- 
 larity with his party was shown by his election 
 by acclamation to the chairmanship of the 
 Democratic County Central Committee for three 
 successive years, beginning in 1888. The suc- 
 cess of the party, in the election of Mayor 
 Cregier, was conceded to be largely due to his 
 management. His ability was recognized by 
 the Mayor, who appointed him Counsel to the 
 Corporation. During his term as Corporation ^ 
 Counsel, from 1889 to 1891, his health became' 
 so much impaired that he was ordered South, 
 and, although he offered his resignation, it was 
 declined. His absence was for about four 
 
 months, and so scrupulous was he about taking 
 unearned money, that he refused to receive any 
 part of his salary for the time he was absent. 
 
 His popularity with the public was evidenced 
 by the results of the several elections in which 
 he sought their suffrages. He was first elected 
 to the Superior Bench of Cook County, to fill 
 th'e unexpired term of John P. Altgeld, then 
 Governor-elect. He was re-elected in the pres- 
 idential year of 1892, at which time he received 
 the largest vote ever cast in Cook County, 
 which exceeded that of President Cleveland and 
 Governor Altgeld, as well as that of his asso- 
 ciates, by several hundred votes. So, too, in 
 the election of 1898, in which he was again a 
 candidate for re-election, he was one of the two 
 Democrats elected at that time. In this election 
 the rest of the Democratic ticket was defeated 
 by from 18,000 to 31,000 in the county. 
 
 At the time of his death he had just com- 
 pleted a service of twelve years as Judge of the 
 Superior Court, years of arduous and wearing 
 toil, to which he devoted all of his bright talents 
 and his energy to within a comparatively few 
 days of his death. He died in Chicago, Decem- 
 ber 17, 1903, at his home, 3139 Calumet Avenue. 
 
 In 1876, Judge Hutchinson married Miss Leti- 
 tia Brown of Springfield, 111., formerly of Lex- 
 ington, Ky. To them were born two children, 
 Helen and Jonas, Jr. 
 
 Jonas Hutchinson was an upright Judge of 
 fine legal attainments, a loyal citizen, a faith- 
 ful friend, a fond husband and father, true to 
 every duty devolving upon him as student, 
 citizen, business man, lawyer, Judge. 
 
 THOMAS JESSIE HYMAN. 
 Secretary of the Illinois Steel Co., is descended 
 from good old Pennsylvania stock, both his 
 parents having been natives of that State. 
 In 1851 his father, Sylvester Hyman, emi- 
 grated to Iowa, but a year later returned to 
 his native State, where he was wedded to 
 Miss Mary E. Elce, who accompanied him to 
 the home of his adoption. The subject of 
 this sketch was born at Camanche, Clinton 
 County, Iowa, April 8, 1855, and grew up 
 among the progressive and enterprising people 
 of that prosperous State, receiving his educa- 
 tion in the public schools, at the Iowa State 
 Agricultural College and Cornell College. He 
 early developed a capacity for business, and 
 has successively held official positions with 
 various railroad companies, with the American 
 Steel and Wire Company and with the Illinois 
 Steel Company, with the last of which he is 
 still associated in the responsible position of 
 Secretary. 
 
 On December 25, 1877, Mr. Hyman was mar- 
 ried to Miss Mae Hyman, and seven children 
 were the fruit of this union. These are named, 
 respectively, Frank S., Jessie, Jean, Helen, 
 Mary, Dorothy and Richard. For the past ten 
 years his home has been in the City of Chi- 
 cago, except for an interim of about three 
 years spent in St. Paul, Minn., where his life 
 has been one of great business activity. His 
 
924 
 
 HISTORICAL E:N"CYCL0PEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 standing as a business man is indicated by the 
 responsible position which he now holds as 
 Secretary of one of the most important manu- 
 facturing corporations in the country — a posi- 
 tion to which he was elected in January, 1899. 
 In the prime of life, courteous in manner and 
 faithful to the interests intrusted to his care, 
 he is now in the midst of a successful business 
 career. 
 
 HOWARD H. JACKMAN. 
 Howard H. Jackman, Assistant Engineer in 
 charge of Cribs Water Service, Chicago, was 
 born in East Liverpool, Onio, i^eoruary 9, 
 li>52; attended the puolic school at East Liver- 
 pool, and theu Ailiauce College, Alliance, Ohio; 
 also took a course in civil engineering at Beth- 
 any College, Bethany, W. Va. After leaving 
 college he went into private engineering prac- 
 tice in East Liverpool, and, in 1875, removed 
 to Cleveland, where he was employed in the 
 City Engineering Department until 1878, when 
 he went to Harper County, Kans., as Locating 
 Engineer for Government lands. He was con- 
 nected with the construction of the Missouri 
 Pacific Railroad from the eastern line of the 
 State westerly through Harper County, two 
 hundred miles to the Indian border, being thus 
 employed six years, when he was appointed 
 City Engineer for Wichita, Kans., during the 
 time when all the streets were being paved, 
 and having charge of the construction of fifty- 
 five miles of the sewer system. After remain- 
 ing at Wichita until 1891, he was appointed 
 engineer in charge of a difiicult system of 
 sewerage at Topeka, serving in that capacity 
 for two years and until the completion of the 
 work. Then, having been appointed juror on 
 awards at the World's Fair, he moved to Chi- 
 cago in December, 1892, and was in private 
 engineering business until 1895. when he be- 
 came connected with the Engineering Bureau of 
 the City of Chicago, as first assistant to the 
 engineer in charge of the construction of Sec- 
 tion 3, Northwest Land Tunnel, for one year; 
 in September. 1897, was transferred to North- 
 east I^ke Tunnel, serving as engineer in charge 
 of its construction during 1898 and 1899 and 
 of the C. H. Harrison intake crib. From that 
 time until July, 1900, he was in charge of re- 
 modeling the North Pumping Station, and later 
 was made Division Engineer and placed in 
 charge of the construction and maintenance of 
 Lake Cribs, and also the Pumping Station re- 
 pairs. By his continuous service as engineer 
 in charge of important work, he has shown 
 that he is qualified for any position he is likely 
 to be called upon to fill. He was married at 
 Anthony. Kansas, December 18. 1879, to Miss 
 Lydia M. Goss, and three children have been 
 born to them. 
 
 P. MEINRAD JEGGLE. 
 Rev. P. Meinrad Jeggle, O. S. B., late pastor 
 of th«' St Benedict Catholic Church at Blue 
 iHland. III., which he organized as a mission in 
 fonnecilon with the St. Joseph Cailiolic Chiu-ch, 
 Chicago, began hlR career In connection with 
 
 this church while assistant priest in 1861. 
 in Juiy oi the same year ne was ordainea by 
 Jbisnop Dunn auu in 1S62 became pastor of tne 
 fc>t. Vincent Cnuich in Westmoreland County, 
 Pa., also serving tor a time as pastor of the 
 church at Erie, Pa. in 1865 he returned to 
 Illinois and tor a time had charge of a cnurch 
 at Minonk, but soon alter resumed his connec- 
 tion with the St. Joseph Church, where he re- 
 mained until June, 185 <, aiso for one year hav- 
 ing charge of the mission at Blue Island. He 
 then went East, wnere he remained until Janu- 
 ary, 1873, when he returned to St. Joseph's 
 Church, Chicago, remaining there until March, 
 1874. Then returning East again he spent 
 twenty-two years at Baltimore, Md., and later 
 two years at Pittsburg, Pa., when he went to 
 Colorado for a time, but soon returned to Blue 
 Island, where he has since resided. Father 
 Jeggle has been a parish priest for over forty 
 years, and is widely known throughout North- 
 ern Illinois. 
 
 ST. BENEDICT CATHOLIC CHURCH, Blue 
 Island, Cook County, 111., was founded as a 
 mission in October, 1861, by Father P. Meinrad 
 Jeggle, 0. S. B., who was then connected with 
 St. Josephs Catholic Church, Chicago, where 
 he was for a time assistant priest. The first 
 services were held in the house of William 
 Heckler, but Father Jeggle urged the people to 
 raise funds to erect a church building, in which 
 he was finally successful, this being at that 
 time the only Catholic Church organization 
 between Chicago and Joliet. The first church 
 was built and dedicated in the summer of 
 1862, but remained a mission for many years 
 under the care of various Benedictine Fathers. 
 For a time services were held once a month, 
 later being increased in frequency to twice a 
 month. It continued to be connected with the St. 
 Joseph's Church until 1874, when it was trans- 
 ferred to the Washington Heights Church. This 
 connection was continued until December, 1884, 
 when Father Brum Riess, O. S. B., was appoint- 
 ed the first priest in charge. From an early day 
 in its history a parish school was connected 
 with the church, at first taught by Sister St. 
 Clair until 1879, when it was taken in charge 
 by the Sisters of Notre Dame from Milwaukee. 
 Father Riess remained in charge of the church 
 until 1892, when he was succeeded by Rev. 
 Father Lochschmidt. Others who have since 
 been in charge have been Rev. William Hein, 
 who succeeded Rev. Lochschmidt in Septem- 
 ber, 1894, and Father Jeggle, who assumed 
 charge in October, 1898. A Sisters' Home was 
 liuilt in 1879 or '80, a parsonage in 1894, and 
 the present church edifice in 1895 — the cost of 
 the latter being $25,000. The communicants in- 
 clude about one hundred and fifty families, an\ 
 the school is attended iiy about 2z5 pupils. 
 
 PATRICK J. JENNINGS, 
 Captain Engine No. 13, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Jan. 20, 
 1850, came to Chicago in 1863. and was edu- 
 cated at the Jones i)ublic school ,the Jesuit 
 College and University of Notre Dame, South 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 925 
 
 Bend, Ind. After leaving school he learned the 
 trade of marble-cutting in 1876, then worked 
 in Armours Tin Factory making solder for 
 two years, when he joined tne Fire Depart- 
 ment, March 3, 1880, being assigned to Engine 
 No. 1, and Trucks 1 and 2 (as substitute), and 
 for sixty days on Chemical No. 1; was trans- 
 ferred to Engine 17 in September, 1882; pro- 
 moted to Lieutenant, August 3, 1883, and trans- 
 ferred to Engine 23; next transferred to En- 
 gine 34, December 31, 1885, and to Engine 5, 
 March 1, 1886; was promoted to oaptain, Sep- 
 tember 15, 1890, anu organized Engine No. 59; 
 was transferred to Engme 17, May 1, 1891; to 
 Engine 38, December 31, 1892; to Engine 6, 
 July 16, 1897; and to Engine 10, January 2, 
 1899. In 1904 Captain Jennings is still on duty 
 on Engine No. 23. He has had many narrow 
 escapes, being thrown from a cart when on 
 Engine 59, receiving a fracture of his right leg. 
 He rescued two pipemen from suffocation at 
 1425 Michigan Avenue, May 6, 1899; and on 
 May 24, 1900, rescued Lieutenant Seyferlich, 
 of Engine 10, in a fire at Irwin & Company's 
 336 Clark Street. Captain Jennings was mar- 
 ried in Chicago, May 12, 1874, to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Robinson, and eight children have been 
 the fruit of this union, five of whom are now 
 living. Captain Jennings is one of the brave, 
 plucky firemen always on hand for any emerg- 
 ency. 
 
 J. JOHN JOENS. 
 J. John Joens, foreman for a Chicago lumber 
 company and Alderman for the becond Ward, 
 Blue Island, was born in Holstein, Germany, 
 in 1853, the son of H. J. and Anna (Eden) 
 Joens. His parents were both natives of Ger- 
 many, who came to Chicago in 1868, and there 
 spent the remainder of their lives, dying in 
 that city. Coming to Chicago with his parents 
 at fifteen years of age, the subject of this 
 sketch was employed for some time in a sash, 
 door and blind factory, at 15 Lincoln Street, 
 Chicago, whence he removed to Blue Island 
 in 1893, where he engaged in the lumber busi- 
 ness as foreman of a firm having their head- 
 quarters in Chicago. In the spring of 1901, he 
 was elected Alderman for the Second Ward, 
 and served on the License and Judiciary Com- 
 mittees, and as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Plats, Public Buildings and Grounds, also 
 Chairman of the Finance Committee. Mr. 
 Joens was married in Chicago, in 1884, to Miss 
 Mary Mundt, born in Germany, the daughter 
 of Mr. and Mrs. C. Mundt, who came to Chi- 
 cago in 1867, and who died there. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Joens have had children named: John, George, 
 Fred and Otto Mr. Joens is a member of the 
 order of Mutual Protection and the German 
 Evangelical Church of Blue Island, being a 
 member and Secretary of the Church Board of 
 Trustees, and is one of the prominent men of 
 Blue Island. 
 
 FRANK A. JOHNSON, 
 Engineer, Kosciusko School, was born in North 
 Koping, Sweden, April 29, 1872; came to Ameri- 
 ca in 1883, worked in George Hewitt's green- 
 
 house four years, and then for a feed store 
 one year. He learneu his trade at McFarland 
 & Schlack's boiler-works, where he remained 
 five years. At twenty-one years of age, he ob- 
 tained a license as an engineer, then went with 
 the E. K. Pond Packing Company in 1894, and 
 continued there until he obtained a position 
 from the city of Chicago under civil service 
 rules, November 1, 1895. On November 30, 
 1895, he was appointed Assistant Engineer at 
 the two-mile crib (Chicago Avenue), remain- 
 ing there six months; then was transferred to 
 the Seventy-ninth Street and Greenwood Ave- 
 nue Surface Draining and Pumping Station, re- 
 maining there two years. He then went to 
 the Cottage Grove Avenue Police Station as 
 engineer for two years; next to the Seventieth 
 Street Sewage Pumping Station; then was ap- 
 pointed assistant engineer at Sixty-ninth Street 
 Sewage Pumping Station; and later sent to 
 the Seventieth Street Pumping Station perma- 
 nently where he remained until March 21, 1904, 
 when he left the Department of Public Works 
 to accept the position of Engineer for the 
 Board of Education (Fifth Grade) at Kosci- 
 usko School, Cleaver and Division Streets. His 
 continuous service is a positive proof of his 
 ability as an engineer. 
 
 WILLIAM OWEN JOHNSON. 
 
 Capt. William Owen Johnson (deceased), for 
 many years one of the most extensive vessel- 
 owners in Chicago and largely interested in the 
 lake trade, was born in Mygland Parish, near 
 the city of Arendel, Norway, June 8, 1833, and 
 early became identified with a sea-faring life, 
 becoming a cabin-boy at fourteen years of age. 
 For the next five years he sailed on the Baltic, 
 the North Sea and the Mediterranean, during 
 which he had many exciting experiences. At 
 sixteen years of age, he had a narrow escape 
 from death by drowning while entering the 
 harbor of Setubal, Portugal, on the Norwegian 
 ship Frey. The crew were lowering a boat 
 in which they had placed the young sailor- 
 boy with instructions to unhook the tackle 
 when the boat should reach the water. By 
 some means the end of the tackle had not 
 been properly fastened in the block, and, as a 
 consequence, one end of the boat dropped, 
 throwing Johnson head foremost into the sea. 
 The tide, which was running at the rate of five 
 or six miles an hour, carried him rapidly 
 away from the vessel, but being a good swim- 
 mer, he managed to keep afloat. He was finally 
 picked up by an old Portugese peddler, who 
 was selling fruit and wine among the vessels in 
 the harbor. 
 
 In 1853, at the age of nearly twenty years, 
 young Johnson came to Chicago, and soon after 
 entered into the employment of Mr. George 
 Steele, the owner of several lake vessels. One 
 of these was the "St. Lawrence," upon which 
 Mr. Johnson sailed for the next two years. 
 A close friendship grew up between him and 
 his employer, and during the next seven 
 years he made his home with the Steele fam- 
 ily during the winter, while following his 
 
926 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 occupation as a sailor upon the lake during the 
 summer months. An incident occurred durmg 
 the year 1S5T which proved the bravery of the 
 young sailor and won gratitude and lifelong 
 irienaship of his employer. This was during 
 the great flood in the Chicago River in Febru- 
 ary, 185 ('. While the flood was at its height, 
 Mr. Steele and Mr. Johnson attempted to cross 
 the river at Healey's Slough (now the branch 
 leading to the Stock Yards) and thinking the 
 bridge still in place but covered with ice, they 
 drove into the stream, when it was discovered 
 that the bridge had been carried away. The 
 horse, buggy and men were plunged into the 
 water, but Mr. Johnson succeeded in reaching 
 the opposite shore and soon after led the horse 
 to safe footing on the same side. Then swim- 
 ming to the aid of Mr. Steele, who was a large 
 man. he succeeded in getting him to shore in 
 an exhausted condition. Mr. Steele gave to 
 his rescuer credit for saving his life, and this 
 adventure most strongly cemented the friend- 
 ship which already existed between them. 
 
 In 1857 Mr. Johnson engaged in the lake 
 shipping trade for himself, flrst becoming the 
 owner of a vessel called the "Fish Hawk." 
 By purchases and the construction of new ves- 
 sels, he finally became the owner of seventeen 
 vessels of various grades, which were employed 
 in the grain and lumber-carrying trade, and by 
 shrewd and careful management, especially 
 during the period of the Civil War, made large 
 profits. By judicious investments in real es- 
 tate, he accumulated a large fortune, always 
 employing legitimate and straight-forward 
 methods. 
 
 During his career in connection with lake 
 navigation Captain Johnson saw many start- 
 ling disasters. Among these was the burning 
 of the "Niagara" at Port Washington in 1857, 
 when he assisted in saving the crew. Again, 
 by shooting a line across the schooner "Grey- 
 hound," a grain-laden vessel, which had gone 
 ashore at Sheboygan, he succeeded in rescuing 
 the crew, all of whom were saved except two 
 who had unsucessfully attempted to swim 
 ashore. A month after the deplorable disaster 
 of the "Lady Elgin," which resulted in the loss 
 of 300 lives in 1860, he picked up in mid-lake 
 the bodies of two of the victims, both ladies, 
 one of whom was identified by the rings found 
 on her fingers. The bodies were buried at 
 Racine. 
 
 In 1872 Captain Johnson was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Eline Theodora Schumacher and 
 five children were born of this union, of whom 
 three are still living: Clara Amelia, Olga 
 Theresa and Alice Eline Theodora. In 1889, 
 accompanied l)y his wife and oldest daughter. 
 Captain .Johnson visited the International Ex- 
 position at Paris of lliat year, and spent some 
 flvf months traveling in Europe. His residence 
 during his later years was at Wicker Park, 
 where he died Novemlier 19, 1902. His fimeral 
 Hervlcea were contiucted by Rev. Atistln D. 
 Crlle, pastor of the Wicker Park Lutheran 
 church, the burial taking place in Graceland 
 Cemetery. 
 
 Captain Johnson was emphatically a self- 
 made man. Landing in America a poor sailor- 
 boy, by his indomitaoie energy and faithful 
 attention to duty, anu througn the legitimate 
 channels of business, he achieved a success in 
 life attained by few. 
 
 Daniel amasa jones. 
 
 Daniel A. Jones was born in Hartford, Conn., 
 June ay, 1807. It is probable his ancestors 
 were Vv elsh, though the line ol descent beyond 
 the ocean has not been traced. 
 
 The tamiiy became identified with America 
 at a very early period in its history, Josiah 
 Jones, the American ancestor, having settled 
 in Massachusetts in 1665. Amasa Jones, the 
 father of Daniel A., was a sea-captain, com- 
 manding a vessel which plied between Hart- 
 ford and the West Indies. He died the year 
 followmg Daniel's birth. The widow removed 
 with her family, consisting of three sons and 
 one daughter, to the home of her father, 
 Israel Jones, who resided on a farm in North 
 Adams, Berkshire County, Mass. Israel Jones 
 was a typical New England man, of industrious 
 habit, of high Christian character and of 
 prominence and influence in the community. 
 He was one of the Trustees of Williams Col- 
 lege, at Williamstown, Mass., the most impor- 
 tant educational institution in Northern Massa- 
 chusetts. Here the lad passed his child- 
 hood and boyhood, working on his grand- 
 father's farm in summer and going to school 
 in winter. In addition he was sent for one 
 year to an academy at Stockbridge. At the 
 age of seventeen years he left the Berkshire 
 Hills and obtained a clerkship in a store at 
 Albany, N. Y., where he remained three years 
 at a salary of one hundred and fifty, and later 
 two hundred dollars a year, out of which he 
 had to pay his board and clothe himself. Here 
 he learned the details of the mercantile busi- 
 ness, which contributed much to his success in 
 after life. When twenty years old he deter- 
 mined to seek his fortune in the West, where 
 an elder brother had alreauy gone and was 
 established in business in Louisvule, Ky. Ob- 
 taining employment with nis brother in a soap 
 factory, he soon gained experience, and devel- 
 oped such qualities of fidelity ana capacity that 
 he was sent to New Orleans to make some 
 doubtful collections, in which he was so suc- 
 cessful that, on his return, he was placed in 
 charge of a store. Here he passed three years, 
 when, in the fall of 1829, he determined to 
 go into business for himself. He selected New- 
 port, Ind., a village on the Wabash River, and 
 buying a stock of goods at Ijouisville on credit 
 and borrowing money to pay the freight, he 
 opened a little store. His business was mod- 
 erately successful, ■60 that in 1832 he was able 
 to purchase a cargo of pork and corn, which 
 he loaded on a flatboat and took to New Or- 
 leans, realizing a good profit on the venture. 
 He continued flatboating in connection with 
 his other business for twenty years, and by 
 good management and good fortune never lost 
 a l)()at. During the Black Hawk War he was 
 
i^^Tt 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 927 
 
 commissioned Colonel or the Fifty-ninth Regi- 
 ment, Indiana Militia, which was organized to 
 take part in the War, but was never called 
 into active service. He was present at the 
 treaty made with the Indians at Chicago in 
 1833, at which time he crossed the Chicago 
 River in a scow towed by a rope. 
 
 In 1837 Mr. Jones married Miss Mary G. 
 Harris, of Rockville, Ind., who became the 
 mother of his seven children, and who died in 
 December, 1855. In 1841 he took into partner- 
 ship Mr. Charles M. Culbertson, who had been 
 with him some years as a clerk. In 1846 he 
 established a store in Danville, 111., with James 
 M. Culbertson as manager, the business being 
 continued for eleven years. After a few years 
 he entered 8,0Q0 acres of land lying along the 
 route of the Illinois Central railroad. In 1856 
 he removed to Granville, Ohio, to give his 
 seven children better educational advantages 
 and to take a rest after twenty-nine years of 
 active business life. But he did not remain 
 long idle, as the next year, in connection with 
 his old partner, Charles M. Culbertson, he es- 
 tablished a packing house in Muscatine, Iowa. 
 In 1858 Mr. Jones contracted his second mar- 
 riage, this time with Miss Harriet A. Knapp 
 of Fairfield, Conn., who survives him, being 
 now a resident of Chicago. 
 
 In 1859, having become tired of the quiet life 
 of Granville, he removed to Chicago. Having 
 renewed his partnership with Charles M. Cul- 
 bertson, they built a packing house at State 
 and Twenty-second Streets, in 1858, where they 
 packed pork until 1862, when they sold the 
 building and erected another, in 1863, at Stew- 
 art Avenue and West Eighteenth Street, which 
 was sold to Culbertson, Blair & Co., in 1864. 
 In 1865 he was elected President of the Pack- 
 ers' and Provision Dealers' Insurance Com- 
 pany, which position he held until the company 
 was consolidated with the Merchants' Insur- 
 ance Company in 1866. He was a director in 
 the last named corporation until its failure at 
 the time of the great fire in 18(1. In 1866 he 
 entered into partnership with R. M. and 0. S. 
 Hough and Chas. L. Raymond, in the pack- 
 ing and commission business. This partnership 
 lasted five years, when we find him at the head 
 of the firm of Jones & Raymond in the same 
 line of trade. Mr. Jones finally retired from 
 the packing business in 1884, having been 
 among the most enterprising and extensive 
 dealers in provisions, which branch, in the 
 hands of the Armours, Swifts, Fowlers and 
 Cudahys, has become so important a part of 
 the commerce of Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Jones was elected President of the 
 Chamber of Commerce in 1869, and held that 
 office at the time the great fire of 1871 swept 
 away the building. He then tendered his res- 
 ignation, but the board of directors declined 
 to accept it. The Board of Trade demanding 
 a new building, Mr. Jones was placed on the 
 building committee and superintended the con- 
 struction of the building erected for that or- 
 ganization by the Chamber of Commerce. It 
 was pushed with such energy, in the face of 
 many obstacles presented at that time, that he 
 
 was enabled to present to the Board of Trade, 
 at the end ot a year from the destruction ot 
 the old building, a new and a better one, well 
 equipped for the transactions of the board's 
 busmefes. The fire occurred on the 9ch of 
 October, 1871. On the 9th of October, 1872, 
 Mr. Jones conducted the members of the Board 
 of Trade, with their invited guests, to the new 
 hall and delivered to its oflicers the keys to 
 the edifice. 
 
 The services of Mr. Jones were sought in the 
 conduct of various financial institutions in 
 which he held large interests. He was a direct- 
 or in the Merchants' National Bank, Fifth 
 National Bank and National Bank of America, 
 from the time they were organized until his 
 death. He was largely interested in the Chi- 
 cago City Railway, and during the year 1881- 
 82, while the cable line was under construction, 
 was the acting President of the company. 
 
 With all his business energy and devotion to 
 practical affairs Mr. Jones was a benevolent 
 man, not only in liberal contributions but in 
 helpful aid and sympathetic interest in worthy 
 charities. He was particularly identified with 
 the founding of the Old Ladies' Home, after- 
 ward changed to the Old People's Home, of 
 which he was one of the incorporators, a Trus- 
 tee and the President until his death. In the 
 work of this institution he took the interest 
 which a parent takes in the welfare of a be- 
 loved child, visiting its inmates, learning their 
 needs and supplying their wants. He left a 
 bequest of twenty-five thousand dollars for its 
 endowment, to which has been added twenty 
 thousand dollars by the representatives of his 
 estate in accordance with his wishes. Mr. 
 Jones was a religious man of the Presbyterian 
 faith. He was a member of the Calvary Pres- 
 byterian Church, which was merged into the 
 First Presbyterian after the great fire. His 
 religious faith was expressed not merely in 
 the dogmatic formulas of the church, but in 
 an exemplary life, which, amid the engross- 
 ing cares of business, found expression in 
 numerous acts of kindness and sympathy and 
 in works of practical beneficence. 
 
 The year he settled in Chicago he built a 
 home far out of the then settled part of the 
 town, on Calumet Avenue, at the corner of 
 Twenty-second Street, fronting on Lake Michi- 
 gan. It was a brick structure of stately ap- 
 pearance and convenient arrangement, at that 
 time one of the finest in the city, and which, 
 after thirty-five years, remains among the 
 handsome places that adorn that beautiful resi- 
 dence street. Mr. Jones' life closed on the 11th 
 of January, 1886, in his seventy-ninth year. 
 Four children of his first marriage survive 
 him: William Jarvis and G. Edwin, of Chicago; 
 Mrs. 0. S. Newell, of Kenosha, Wis.; and Mrs. 
 N. H. Sabin, of Williamstown. Mass. Besides 
 the bequest which he left to the Old People's 
 Home, his will gave $10,000 each to the Presby- 
 terian Hospital of the city of Chicago, Pres- 
 byterian Board of Home Missions and Presby- 
 terian Board of Foreign Missions. The residue 
 of his large estate was devised to his widow 
 and family, and to trustees, for benevolent 
 
928 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 purposes. This last has been carried out in 
 building the Daniel A. Jones memorial addition 
 to the Presbyterian Hospital at a cost of one 
 hundred and fiftj--five thousand dollars, in ad- 
 dition to that already given to that institution, 
 and in various smaller amounts to other phil- 
 anthropic enterprises. 
 
 FERNANDO JONES. 
 
 This active and public-spirited man, hale 
 and well presei'ved in his eighty-fifth year, and 
 enjoying a rest richly earned by his long and 
 busy life, has the distinction of being one of 
 the oldest of Chicago's living pioneers. None 
 has done more for the city's interests, and few 
 men in any community have been eye-witnesses 
 of such rapid and marvelous change as he. 
 
 Mr. Jones, the second child and eldest son of 
 William and Anna (Gregory) Jones, was born 
 at Forestville, Chautauqua County, N. Y., May 
 26, 1820. While a child of four years the fam- 
 ily removed to Buffalo. There he received his 
 rudimentary education, among his preceptors 
 being a young man who was destined to play 
 an important part in national history — Millard 
 Fillmore, afterwards President of the United 
 States. While living there, he also attended 
 the Fredonia Academy in Chautauqua County, 
 where he was a fellow-student of Reuben E. 
 Fenton, who became Governor of New York. 
 In 1835 the elder Jones determined to remove, 
 with his family, to Chicago, then a pioneer 
 town on the western frontier. Here he opened 
 a store on South Water Street for the sale of 
 stoves and hardware, young Fernando being 
 his assistant. Chicago was then an important 
 trading post, and the point where the Indians 
 were paid their annuities. The boy mingled 
 with the aborigines, and soon became suffi- 
 ciently familiar with their language to con- 
 verse with them and act as interpreter for the 
 traders. This led to his being given a clerk- 
 ship by the United States disbursing officer. 
 At the early age of sixteen he also held clerk- 
 ships in the United States Land office, and in 
 the offices of the Trustees of the Illinois and 
 Michigan Canal. 
 
 In 1837 Mr. Jones entered the academy at 
 Canandaigua, N. Y., where he remained a stu- 
 dent for two years, and while there formed a 
 warm personal friendship with Stephen A. 
 Douglas, then a student of law, which lasted 
 throughout the lifetime of that illustrious man. 
 Meanwhile Mr. Jones's father had engaged in 
 the real-estate business in Chicago, and on 
 his return to Chicago in 1839. Fernando be- 
 came interested in the business, devoting his 
 attention to the examination of titles and 
 furnishing abstracts. He thus obtained an in- 
 night into the system of "tract indexes," origi- 
 nated t)y Edward A. Rucker, these books being 
 the first of the kind ever prepared. This intri- 
 cate and essential liranch of the real-estate 
 liusineKH afterwards confitltuted the most im- 
 portant occupation of his life. He devised an 
 imprf)ved system of abstracts of titles and pre- 
 par»-d, with Infinite patience and detail, l)ook8 
 In compact form, embodying all Important In- 
 
 formation respecting land titles contained in 
 the public records of Cook County. All of 
 these records, as well as most of the private 
 abstract books, were consumed by the flames 
 of October, 1871, and then occurred the consoli- 
 dation of the three abstract firms of Chase 
 Brothers, Shortall & Hoard, and Jones & Sell- 
 ers. Business was continued by the new con- 
 cern, which succeeded to the ownership of all 
 the books and material which had been the 
 property of its individual component firms, 
 and these records are now owned by the Chi- 
 cago Title and Trust Company. Mr. Jones, 
 finding himself now relieved of the necessity 
 for personal supervision of the business, re- 
 tired from active participation therein. Yet 
 his intimate knowledge of titles and familiar- 
 ity with the personal and business lives of 
 early land-owners have rendered his services 
 of the highest value in the settling of disputes 
 and quieting of titles. 
 
 While disinclined to hold office, Mr. Jones 
 has not refused to accept and discharge the 
 public duties devolving upon the citizens of 
 enlightened public spirit. During the admin- 
 istrations of Mayors Haines and Wentworth, 
 he sat in the City Council, having been first 
 elected Alderman for the Third Ward in 1859. 
 During the Civil War he held the position of 
 Supervisor of the Town of South Chicago, the 
 area included within Camp Douglas falling 
 within what may be called his civil jurisdiction. 
 He has also been conspicuously identified with 
 the management of various public and private 
 charities, having served as Trustee of the 
 Central Hospital for the Insane at Jackson- 
 ville, as well as of the Chicago Orphan Asylum. 
 He was also a Trustee of the old Chicago Uni- 
 versity, and has been identified with many 
 business enterprises of magnitude, in both his 
 public and private relations maintaining an 
 enviable reputation for capability, public spirit 
 and integrity. At the present time he is Vice- 
 President of the Chicago Pioneer Society and 
 a member of the Calumet and Press Clubs and 
 other organizations. 
 
 Mr. Jones was married, July 7, 1853, to Miss 
 Jane Grahame, of Henry County, a lady of rare 
 mind and culture and endowed with remark- 
 able force of character. Mrs. Jones takes a 
 deep interest in the higher education of her 
 sex and in tue widening of its sphere of influ- 
 ence and usefulness, and has been prominently 
 connected with the management of the Chicago 
 Medical College for Women. Their only daugh- 
 ter, Genevieve, married the late George R. 
 Grant, a distinguished member of the Chicago 
 Bar. She was left a widow with one daughter, 
 Leslie, and is now deceased. Their son, Gra- 
 hame, is a graduate of the Chicago Law School. 
 
 Mr. Jones, with his wife, son and daughter, 
 after laying down the active cares of a busi- 
 ness life, devoted eight years to foreign travel, 
 spending three years at Florence, two at Paris, 
 and one each at Venice, Rome and Mentone. 
 During his long sojourn abroad he accumulated 
 a vast and almost priceless collection of an- 
 tiques, curios and rare works of ai-t, which 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 929 
 
 adorn the handsome and hospitable home at 
 1834 Prairie Avenue. 
 
 GEORGE PHIFER JONES. 
 George Phifer Jones was born in South So- 
 lon, Madison County, Ohio, April 3, 1839. His 
 father, William Jones, was born in Sullivan 
 County, Tenn., and his mother, Sarah Phifer, 
 in Rockingham County, Va. Mr. Jones has 
 never looked up the family history to learn 
 whether his parents were F. F. Vs. or not. 
 He knew his father was an honest man and his 
 mother a noble Christian woman; and he felt, 
 if he acted well his part, he would rank high 
 enough to be called a good citizen. With an 
 ordinary common-school education, he found 
 himself a young man of twenty-one in Cali- 
 fornia, pining for his home and sweet-heart in 
 Ohio, and having no money, the only resource 
 left him was to walk, which he did through 
 what is now Arizona and New Mexico in the 
 month of August, and his" experiences on that 
 hot tramp, beset with California lions, rattle- 
 snakes, tarantulas, centipedes, wild Indians 
 and wilder white men, cured him of many of his 
 youthful follies. He arrived at London, Ohio, 
 the home of his parents, in October, 1860, in 
 time to cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln, 
 and has been voting the Republican ticket ever 
 since. On the first day of May, 1861, he mar- 
 ried Samantha Graham, and kept a country 
 dry-goods store until 1864, when he moved to 
 Joliet, 111., where he spent the next fourteen 
 years of his life, save two years during which 
 he lived in Des Moines, Iowa, first in the dry- 
 goods trade, and then as Cashier of the Will 
 County National Bank, which his friend, Har- 
 low N. Higinbotham, and he organized. He 
 moved to Chicago in 1878 and was connected 
 for a number of years with the Credit Depart- 
 ment of the wholesale Hat & Cap House of 
 Keith Brothers. In 1889 he was Superintendent 
 of Public Service for Cook County; afterwards 
 was connected with the Metropolitan National 
 Bank; was Receiver of Columbian Casino Res- 
 taurant at the World's Fair grounds; and As- 
 signee and Receiver for a number of other 
 concerns. Later he was Receiver for the 
 Columbia Straw Paper Company with thirty- 
 four properties scattered over nine States; for 
 many years was Vice-President and Trustee of 
 the Harvey Land Association; and is now Vice- 
 President of the Stowell Manufacturing & 
 Foundry Company, of South Milwaukee, Wis., 
 and President of the Jones and the Smith Car 
 Door Companies of Chicago. Mr. Jones has had 
 a varied but modest business career, and while 
 he has never defaulted, and has always paid 
 his debts, does not claim any particular credit 
 for simply doing his duty. He has been a mem- 
 ber of the Union League Club from its organ- 
 ization, and has borne a prominent part in 
 making that great institution the home and 
 delight of men of worth and merit, and an 
 unpleasant resort for snobs and presumptuous 
 "squaw men." He is a Methodist in religious 
 belief and a Republican in political principle, 
 and entertains feelings of abhorrence for rings 
 
 and cliques in church or party. State or club. 
 Unostentatious in manner, he has not been a 
 seeker for notoriety, and this sketch is here 
 because of the kindly wishes and cordial ap- 
 preciation of valued friends. 
 
 FREDERICK H. KASBOHM, 
 Captain Fire Insurance Patrol, No. 2, was born 
 in Chicago, January 2, 18.56, and educated at 
 the Wells and German Schools. After leaving 
 school he engaged in the grocery business, and 
 later learned the harness-maker's trade. He 
 joined the Chicago Fire Department, March 1, 
 1885, and was assigned to Truck No. 11, but 
 resigned January 25, 1889, and joined the Fire 
 Insurance Patrol No. 1; was transferred to 
 Fire Patrol No. 3, when it was organized 
 March 11, 1889; to Patrol No. 4, Stock Yards 
 November 10, 1889 ;and to Patrol No. 2, Sep- 
 tember 6, 1892; was promoted to Lieutenant 
 November 11, 1892, and assigned to Patrol No. 
 3, from which he was transferred, December 
 1, 1893, to Patrol No. 2. While he has had 
 many narrow escapes, he has been only slightly 
 injured, and like the majority of Chicago fire- 
 boys, is always ready for any emergency 
 where duty calls. He was married to Chris- 
 tine Falkenburg, in Chicago, March 16, 1877, 
 and nine children have been born to them, 
 eight of whom are living. 
 
 THOMAS KAVANAUGH, 
 Chief Engineer, Harrison Street Pumping Sta- 
 tion, was born in Chicago, April 19, 1869, edu- 
 cated at the Christian Brothers School, and 
 after leaving school learned the steam-fitter's 
 and machinist's trades, and worked three years 
 as machinist for the Bullock Manufacturing 
 Company. He was fireman at the West Side 
 Pumping Station from 1888 to 1893, later serv- 
 ing at various public school buildings as engi- 
 neer. In 1893 he became connected with the 
 Canal Pumping works as a steam-fitter, remain- 
 ing there two years, when (in 1895) he was 
 appointed assistant engineer at the Harrison 
 Street Pumping Station, where he remained un- 
 til he was appointed Chief Engineer at the 
 West Side Pumping Works, August 15, 1897, 
 and thence transferred to the Harrison Street 
 Pumping Station May 22, 1901, where he still 
 remains. He is very popular among his many 
 friends and associates in the Nineteenth Ward, 
 where he was born and raised. 
 
 THOMAS KEATES. 
 Thomas Keates,.DesPlaines, Cook County, 111., 
 is a native of England, born September 19| 
 1854, the son of William and Mary (Smith) 
 Keates. He was educated in his native coun- 
 try and, having emigrated to America, in 1881 
 was married to Alida E. Brown, of DesPlaines. 
 Mr. Keates is a Methodist in religious belief 
 and a Republican in politics, and holds the 
 position of Minute Clerk in Judge Marcus 
 Kavanagh's Court, in the city of Chicago. 
 
 LOUIS F. KEEGAN, 
 Champion Hand-ball Player and Pipeman on 
 
930 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Engine No. 15, Chicago Fire Department, was 
 born in Chicago September 25, 1870, was edu- 
 cated in the Throop Public, German and 
 Sacred Heart Schools, and after leaving school, 
 worked in Maxwell Brothers' box factory for 
 three years and for Goss & Phillips Manufac- 
 turing Company three years. Then, after hav- 
 ing been employed by the City Electric Light 
 Department for eight years, he joined the Fire 
 Department, October 9, 1895, being assigned to 
 duty on Engine No. 52. April 7, 1896, he was 
 transferred to Engine 29, and to Engine 15 
 April 7, 1897, where he still remains. He has 
 had many narrow escapes, but has not been 
 injured. In February. 1896, William Carney 
 and Keegan played a game of hand-ball with 
 Phil. Casey and James Dunne, and won the 
 match for the championship team of the world. 
 They played again June. 1896, and were de- 
 feated. Keegan and Carney left a challenge 
 with the editors of the "Police Gazette" for 
 $1,000, which was never answered. Therefore 
 they claim the championship of the world. Mr. 
 Keegan is the nephew of Lawrence Barrett, 
 the tragedian. Mr. Keegan says he is ready to 
 play any member of the fire or police depart- 
 ments at any time. 
 
 He was married October 11. 1892, to Miss 
 Mary A. Greene, and four children have been 
 born to them. 
 
 WILSON T. KEENAN. 
 
 Wilson T. Keenan (deceased), whose history 
 is no slight part of the story of the live-stock 
 industry of the West and of the upbuilding of 
 the Union Stock Yards at Chicago, was born on 
 a farm near Lebanon, Ohio, October 17, 1836, 
 and there received his education in the district 
 school. At the early age of thirteen he passed 
 out into the world to wrestle with fortune for 
 a name and a competence — a sharp struggle 
 with all, a failure with many, but crowned 
 with success for him. Mr. Keenan apprenticed 
 himself to the butcher trade, and mastered 
 all its details in a manner characteristically 
 thorough. When he was nineteen, young Kee- 
 nan came to Quincy, III., where he found em- 
 ployment in the construction of the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and for a time 
 was Station Agent at Colchester, 111. In 1857 
 he began buying grain for St. Louis and hogs 
 for Quincy. In the winter of 1858-59 he was 
 the superintendent for Hurll)urt & Prevost in 
 the hog-buying and packing business at Keiths- 
 burg, 111., and during the next winter was em- 
 ployed by other parties at Burlington, Iowa, in 
 the same line. In the winter of 1860-61 he was 
 engaged in slaughtering and packing hogs at 
 Camp Point. III., and during the year follow- 
 ing, built slaughtering hou.ses at Quincy and at 
 WPKt (inlncy (Mo.), and packed pork during tli(> 
 War of the Rebellion. 
 
 Mr. Keenan became a citizen of Chicago in 
 ISn.'i, opening a iive-Htock commission house 
 at the Stock Yards during that year, and was 
 among the first to take up that line of busi- 
 
 ness in the city. From that time until his 
 death, June 18, 1900, he was a prominent factor 
 in the history of the live-stock trade at the 
 Western Metropolis. No man there commanded 
 greater respect, or was more enterprising or 
 alert. As the senior member of the firm of W. 
 T. Keenan & Sons, he developed a large trade 
 with the far Southwest, and handled many con- 
 signments of Texas and Western range cattle. 
 This was probably due to the fact that Mr. 
 Keenan had made his name familiar to the peo- 
 ple of those remote sections by his assistance 
 and enterprise in laying out the trail by which 
 stock was driven from the Lone Star State to 
 Abilene, Kans. The firm of Keenan & Sons 
 was incorporated December 1, 1898, with W. T. 
 Keenan, President; H. M. Keenan, Vice-Presi- 
 dent; and John D. Stevens, Secretary and 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Mr. Keenan was united in marriage, at 
 Quincy, 111., February 26, 1857, to Miss Martha 
 Ann Tatman, and of this union were born six 
 children: William E., Horace M., Laura D., 
 Joseph L., Matie A., and Robert R. In the 
 midst of the competitions and activities of the 
 intense life by which he was surrounded, Mr. 
 Keenan held his honor untarnished, and pos- 
 sessed, as few men do, the esteem and confi- 
 dence of those who knew him. 
 
 MRS. MARY KENNICOTT. 
 Mrs. Mary Kennicott (widow) was born in 
 New Hampshire in 1821, the daughter of Rev. 
 John Mason, a native of Maine, who settled 
 in Elk Grove Township, Cook County, in 1837. 
 She received her education in her native State 
 of New Hampshire before the removal of the 
 family west. Joseph E. Kennicott, who was 
 born at Broadalbin, N. Y., November 20, 1814, 
 settled near the village of "Half Day," in 
 Lake County, in 1835; on August 2. 1841, was 
 married to Miss Mary Mason, and in 1853, pur- 
 chased the farm of his father-in-law. Rev. Mr. 
 Mason, which continued the family homestead 
 until 1865, when he removed to Arlington 
 Heights, dying there, January 14, 1884. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Kennicott had four children: Walter, Al- 
 bert, Eva and Carrie. Both the sons were 
 educated at the Northwestern University. Wal- 
 ter, the eldest, became a volunteer in the war 
 for the preservation of the Union, was mortally 
 wounded at the battle of Gettysburg, and his 
 body lies in Antietam Cemetery. Albert, the 
 younger, died at Arlington Heights, December 
 30. 1876. The daughters still survive — Eva (now 
 Mrs. J. H. Williams) residing at Monmouth, 
 Warren County, III., and Carrie, the wife of 
 Rev. Horatio S. Hilton, a resident of Indiana. 
 Mrs. Kennicott is a devoted member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, as was her hus- 
 band, Mr. Kennicott, during his life. 
 
 JOSEPH L. KENYON, 
 Chief of Twelfth Battalion Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, was born at Bronx, N. Y., Febru- 
 ary 9, 1856, and brought to Chicago by his 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 931 
 
 parents when but two months old. In May, 
 1879, he was assigned to Hook and Ladder 
 Company, No. 1, and became a member August 
 27th, following. January 1, 1880, he was trans- 
 ferred to Engine No. 13 as pipeman; was pro- 
 moted to Lieutenant October 1, 1881, and as- 
 signed to Truck No. 4; transferred to Engine 
 13, January 1, 1883; then to Hook and Ladder 
 Company, No. 6, August 4, 1883; was promoted 
 to Captain, May 1, 1884, and assigned to En- 
 gine, No. 21; to Engine 45, January 1, 1886; 
 to Hook ana Ladder Company 15, was assigned 
 to duty as Acting Chief of the Twelfth Battal- 
 ion, December 1, 1892, and promoted to Chief 
 of the Battalion, July 1, 1893, which position he 
 still retains. This is the largest battalion in the 
 Fire Department, comprising 44 square miles 
 of territory, and including thirteen active com- 
 panies and three volunteer companies. Its 
 headquarters are at 6345 Wentworth Avenue, 
 occupied by Engine No. 51, and Fire Alarm 
 Office No. 2. 
 
 Captain Kenyon has seen all kinds of service 
 in the department. He was one of the heroes 
 at the Cold Storage Fire on the World's Fair 
 grounds, in July, 1893, and was in command 
 of the rescuing party that recovered eleven 
 bodies from the ruins. Several of the victims 
 were Chicago's brave defenders who sacrificed 
 their lives in the discharge of their duty. 
 Chief Kenyon especially distinguished himself, 
 repeatedly risking his life and sustaining inju- 
 ries from which, however, he finally recovered. 
 He also earned high praise from his superior of- 
 ficers and the general public by his service in 
 connection with the fire in the Manufacturers' 
 Building during the Fair, which endangered 
 the lives of many hundreds of people and the 
 destruction of millions of dollars' worth of prop- 
 erty. At that fire Marshal Musham and Chief 
 Kenyon were in command, and by their tact and 
 good judgment, the building and contents were 
 saved, and another laurel added to those al- 
 ready won by efficient service. Another nar- 
 row escape while in the performance of his duty 
 occurred at the big fire of the Belford-Clark 
 Publishing House, on Wabash Avenue, when 
 he led his men into the very heart of the fire, 
 receiving severe injuries from the collapse of 
 the wall which caught him as it fell. He also 
 suffered partial suffocation in February, 1883, 
 in the sub-basement of the building on Arcade 
 Court, where he was rendered unconscious for 
 six hours, while risking his life for the rescue 
 of two of his companions. He had a limb 
 broken in several places at the Donahue & 
 Henneberry fire, at Congress Street and Wab- 
 ash Avenue, May 26, 1886. He is held in high 
 esteem by all the members of the department 
 and all who know him personally, for his brav- 
 ery and genial, manly qualities. 
 
 Chief Kenyon was married in Chicago, No- 
 vember 11, 1881, to Miss Ella Powell, and four 
 children have been born to them. Mrs. Ken- 
 yon passied away February 25, 1895. and Mr. 
 Kenyon married Miss Lawrence Jentoft, April 
 
 28, 1897, Chicago owes a large debt of grati- 
 tude to her brave and plucky firemen, but to 
 none moro than to Chief Kenyon, whose many 
 acts of heroism have won high distinction. 
 
 WILLIAM P. KETCH AM. 
 William P. Ketcham, lumber and building 
 supply dealer, Chicago, was born in Philadel- 
 phia, Pa., April 16, 1844; went to Marshalltown, 
 Iowa, in 1853, and later attended public and 
 private schools at Muscatine, Iowa. After leav- 
 ing school he joined the Union Army, July 
 22, 1861, as a private in the Eeventh Iowa Vol- 
 unteer Infantry. He was on detached service 
 at General Grant's headquarters most of the 
 time until he was discharged August 17, 1864. 
 After leaving the army Mr. Ketcham engaged in 
 the lumber, grain and agricultural implement 
 business at Marengo, Iowa, retaining his inter- 
 est there for thirty years. Coming to Chicago 
 in 1885, he organized the firm of J. D. Ket- 
 cham & Brother, wholesale lumber dealers, con- 
 tinuing in that business until 1896-98. This 
 was about time of the beginning of the Spanish- 
 American War, when he took charge of the 
 army beef contract for Swift & Company, Chi- 
 cago, until February 9, 1901. After the war 
 he became interested in a large Building & 
 Supply Company in the city of Havana, Cuba. 
 This was the first enterprise of its kind under- 
 taken after the Spanish-American War, and 
 represented a large amount of Chicago capital. 
 Mr. Ketcham's long experience in business life 
 is a guarantee that any enterprise with which 
 he may be connected will prove a success. Mr. 
 Ketcham was married in Watseka, 111., Decem- 
 ber 25, 1866, to Miss Mary J. Parry, and one 
 child has been born to them. 
 
 CHARLES L. KILL. 
 
 Charles L. Kill, live-stock dealer. Union Stock 
 Yards, Chicago, was born in Van Buren, Onon- 
 daga County, N. Y., April 16, 1836, and re- 
 moved with his parents in 1846 to Belgium, 
 Clay County, N. Y. He was educated in the 
 public schools, having among his teachers B. 
 W. Roney and Chauncey Goodrich. Leaving 
 school at eighteen years of age, he worked on 
 a farm uniil 1861, when he went to work on the 
 Erie Canal, remaining ten years. May 17, 
 1872, he came to Chicago, and on August 3, 
 1872, was employed as salesman by Frye, War- 
 ner & Kelly at the Union Stock Yards for one 
 year; then sold hogs for Horine, Steck & Co. 
 for four years; for Hathaway & Swift for two 
 years; and cattle for Bunker & Cochran for 
 eleven years. Later he was in businesy with 
 J. W. Martin for three years, and for the past 
 eight years has been with Rice Brothers, sell- 
 ing sheep and other live stock. 
 
 He was married in Belgium, N. Y., September 
 5, 1858, to Susan Mandell, and seven children 
 have been the fruit of this union, four of 
 whom are now living. Mrs. Kill passed away 
 August 12, 1870, and September 3, 1877, he was 
 
932 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 married in Chicago to Margaret Littleton, and 
 two children have been born to them. 
 
 WILUAM WALLACE KLMBALL. 
 Two hundred and seventy years have passed 
 away since the arrival of the first American pro- 
 genitor of the Kimball family. Richard Kim- 
 ball emigrated from Ipswich, England, to find 
 a new home in the little Massachusetts town 
 which bore the same name as the city of his 
 birth. Since that date 11634) twelve genera- 
 tions of his descendants have played their part 
 in the country's history, left their impress upon 
 the localities of their residence, and entered in- 
 to rest. The distinguished Chicago merchant 
 whose name is known to the trade and musical 
 world of two continents, is one of the most 
 successful representatives of this long and hon- 
 orable line. The branch of the family to 
 which Mr. Kimball belongs settled in Oxford 
 County, Maine, soon after the close of the 
 Revolutionary War, and there he — as had been 
 his father, David Kimball — was born, the date 
 of his birth being March 12, 1828. 
 
 After passing through the district and high 
 schools, at the age of eighteen Mr. Kimball 
 began life as clerk in a country store, after- 
 wards teaching school. On reaching his ma- 
 jority he sought and found employment in Bos- 
 ton, first as a clerk and later as a traveling 
 salesman. His route was gradually extended 
 until his territory embraced the Central, South- 
 ern and Western States. Deciding to enter into 
 business for himself he chose to settle in Chi- 
 cago, and in the autumn of 1857 took up his 
 permanent residence here. In 1864 he removed 
 his business to the Crosby Opera House, which 
 locality then became the center of the city's 
 music trade, and so remained until the great 
 fire of 1871 left that famous building a heap 
 of smouldering ruins. Within forty-eight hours 
 after that catastrophe Mr. Kimball had recom- 
 menced business in his Michigan Avenue resi- 
 dence, utilizing his billiard-room as an office 
 and his barn as a shipping room. His next 
 temporary quarters were at Wabash Avenue 
 and Thirteenth Street, where he remained until 
 1873. Since then the firm has made four re- 
 movals, each time to more spacious quarters, as 
 the needs of its con.stantly growing business 
 demanded. In 1891 the final removal was made 
 to the building now occupied, at the southwest 
 corner of Wabash Avenue and .lackson Boule- 
 vard. This building was especially erected for 
 the use of the concern, being most carefully 
 planned with a view to the perfect accommo- 
 dation of every branch of their mammoth busi- 
 ness. In 1882 the firm was re-organized and in- 
 corporated under the name of the W. W. Kim- 
 ball Company, and the manufacturing branch 
 of ItH buHlness has steadily and raiiidly grown, 
 th** combined floorage capacity of the piano and 
 organ factories amounting to ten acres. 
 
 On .lune 22, 1805, Mr. Kimball was married 
 to MImh Evalyne M., a daughter of Hubbell B. 
 Cone, of Chicago. In private life he is genial 
 
 and hospitable, a member of several clubs and 
 social organizations, fond of the higher class 
 of amusements, notably of the drama, and is 
 especially popular among a large circle of per- 
 sonal acquaintances. 
 
 GEORGE KIRCHHOFF. 
 George Kirchhoff (deceased), farmer, Arling- 
 ton Heights, 111., was born in the town of 
 Wheeling, Cook County, 111., in 1855, the son of 
 William and Sophia (Freiberg) Kirchhoff, who 
 were natives of Germany and came to this 
 country about the middle of the century. The 
 father died September 17, 1881, and the mother 
 died April 28, 1904, at the age of 76 years. Mr. 
 George Kirchhoff was educated at Arlington 
 Heights and, in 1876, was married to Johanna 
 Henjes, of Elk Grove Township, eight children 
 — William, Sophia, Henry, Edward, George, 
 Ella, Ernst and Rudolf — being the fruit of this 
 union. Of these Sophia, George and Rudolph 
 died in their infancy. Mr. Kirchhoff was a 
 member of the Lutheran Church, and in polit- 
 ical views was a Republican. Mr. Kirchhoff 
 died September 27, 1904. His widow, Mrs. 
 Johanna (Henjes) Kirchhoff still survives. 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON KLINE, 
 Pioneer EJngineer, on Engine 78, Chicago Fire 
 Department, was born in Lawrence Township, 
 Tuscarawas County, Ohio, November 12, 1839, 
 and was educated in the common schools. His 
 grandfather, John Kline, was a pioneer in Law- 
 rence Township, where he bought 4,000 acres 
 of land, which still remains in the family. 
 After leaving school Mr. Kline served four and 
 a half years in Company A, Nineteenth Ohio 
 Volunteer Regiment — his company being known 
 as the "Canton Company" under command of 
 Captain C. F. Manderson — holding the rank of 
 "high private" all through the war. After be- 
 ing mustered out he entered into the employ- 
 ment of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago 
 Railroad, then came to Chicago in November, 
 1866, and engaged with the Chicago & North- 
 western Railroad Company as switchman. In 
 1868 he became connected with the Michigan 
 Central Company, remaining until May 6, 1872, 
 when he joined the Chicago Fire Department as 
 Assistant Engineer on Engine 12. He was 
 transferred, November, 1872, to Engine No. 17; 
 December 21, 1872, to Engine 15; December 31, 
 1875, to Engine 17; was appointed Engineer in 
 April, 1879, on Ehgine 20. Other transfers in- 
 cluded to Engine 21, May 6, 1879; to Engine 
 17, June, 1883, and to Engine 35, at its organ- 
 ization, December 31, 1884. Having resigned, 
 June 27, 1886, he was appointed Engineer of 
 the North Side Water Works, serving two years, 
 including several months as Engineer of the 
 Inter-State Exposition in 1888, when he re- 
 turned to the North Sule Water Works for 
 two years; then worked for C. S. Hutchinson 
 until May, 1893, when he joined the World's 
 Fair Fire Department, as Engineer on Engine 
 No. 6 (Midway); was re-appointed to the Chi- 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 933 
 
 cago Fire Department on Engine 14, as assist- 
 ant engineer, August 4, 1894; transferred to 
 Engine No. 1, September 1, 1894; to Engine 22, 
 September 15, 1894; to Engine 35, December 
 31, 1894; to Engine 21, July 15, 1895; to Engine 
 13, July 2, 1896; to Engine 9 (as Engineer), 
 November 9, 1898; and to Engine 78, April 15, 
 1899. Our subject has had many narrow es- 
 capes but no bones were broken; did noble 
 service with Engine 11 at the great fire of 1871, 
 and was badly burned while trying to rescue 
 several people and save property. During his 
 whole term of service he has not lost over 
 fourteen days' time, either by sickness or other- 
 wise. His close attention to duty and his noble 
 bearing have won for him the esteem of his 
 employers and associates. 
 
 Mr. Kline was married in Chicago, January 
 10, 1872, to Miss Vesta V. Crozier. 
 
 JOSEPH E. LACEY. 
 
 Joseph E. Lacey, formerly Lieutenant Engine 
 No. 5, Chicago Fire Department, was born in 
 the city of Chicago, May 6, 1869, was educated 
 in the Pearson public school, and later learned 
 and worked at the machinist trade. August 13, 
 1891, he joined the Chicago Fire Department, 
 being first assigned as pipeman to Engine No. 
 60; was transferred to Truck No. 6 on January 
 1, 1892, and to Engine No. 40, in March, 1896. 
 July 17, 1897, he was promoted to Lieutenant, 
 and assigned to Engine No. 5. Among the 
 numerous hair-breadth escapes which he met 
 with during his career as a fireman, was that 
 in connection with the explosion of the North- 
 western Elevator on August 5, 1897, when he 
 was dangerously injured, but was saved by his 
 prompt removal to the hospital in a carriage 
 furnished by Capt. H. M. Murray, of Engine No. 
 46. For ten days he was practically blind in 
 consequence of the grain being blown into his 
 face by the explosion. His comrade, Pipeman 
 William Hanley, who was at his side at the 
 time of the accident, died a few days later as 
 the result of injuries then received. As has 
 been the rule with the ideal Chicago fireman. 
 Lieutenant Lacey has ever been ready to re- 
 spond to the call for duty in the face of dan- 
 ger. At this date (1905) he is Lieutenant of 
 Engine Company No. 14, located at 38 Chicago 
 Avenue. 
 
 JAMES K. LAKE. 
 
 James K. Lake, General Superintendent and 
 manufacturer, is a native of Litchfield County, 
 Conn., where he was born, November 22, 1835. 
 His ancestors on the paternal side were of Nevv 
 England birth, both his grandparents, Andrew 
 and Caroline (Bicknall) Lake, having been born 
 in Litchfield County, as was also his father, 
 Nathaniel B. Lake. His father and his grand- 
 father were both farmers. His grandfather on 
 the maternal side was named Andrew Jackson, 
 a native of Virginia, who married Amanda 
 Humason, born in Litchfield County, Conn., 
 their daughter Elvira Jackson, whose birth- 
 place was in Trumbull County, Ohio, becoming 
 
 the wife of Nathaniel Lake and the mother of 
 the subject of this sketch. 
 
 At five years of age (1840) Mr. Lake's par- 
 ents removed from Connecticut to Albion, Or- 
 leans County, N. Y., traveling by way of the 
 Hudson River and Erie Canal, there being no 
 railroads across the State at that time. He 
 was educated in an academy at Albany, and, 
 in 1855, began his business career, being en- 
 gaged during 1855-66 in the construction and 
 operation of the Rochester, Lockport & Niagara 
 Falls Railroad, now a part of the New York 
 Central. In 1857 he was employed as an engi- 
 neer on the Mississippi River, but the following 
 year came to Chicago and entered into the 
 service of the Chicago City Railway Company. 
 In 1863 he was placed in charge of the West 
 Division City Railway, remaining until 1866, 
 when he engaged as a contractor in street con- 
 struction and the paving business. A year later 
 (June, 1867) he received the contract for the 
 construction of the Washington Street Tunnel 
 under the Chicago River, finished his contract 
 in two and a half years, and, on January 1, 
 1870, transferred the tunnel to the city in 
 completed condition. The same year he was 
 awarded the contract for the construction of the 
 lock and dam on the Illinois River at Henry, 
 and two years later received the contract for 
 dredging a channel in Galveston Bay and Buf- 
 falo Bayou between Galveston and Houston, 
 Texas. His next important work was under- 
 taken in 1873 in the construction, for the Com- 
 pany, of the Chicago & Pacific Railroad — now 
 a part of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 Railway — from Chicago to Rock River. In 
 1874 he again entered into the service of the 
 Chicago West Division City Railway, as Gen- 
 eral Superintendent and Manager, remaining 
 until 1886, when he resigned. During the twelve 
 years of his administration the volume of 
 business on this line grew rapidly until, on his 
 retirement in 1886, it was second to that of 
 no other road of like character in the country. 
 In 1903 Mr. Lake was extensively engaged in 
 the manufacturing business, including the con- 
 struction of engines, automobiles or horseless 
 carriages, and other classes of machinery, and 
 also serving as Vice-President and Treasurer 
 of the McMuUin Motive Power and Construc- 
 tion Company. 
 
 On November 9, 1864, Mr. Lake was married 
 in Chicago to Charlotte Maria Clark, and had 
 a family of four children named William Oving- 
 ton, Jessie Genevieve, James Clark and Char- 
 lotte Myrtle. In religious faith he is a Pres- 
 byterian and in politics a Republican, but in 
 no sense of the word an office-seeking politician. 
 His life has been one of unusual business activ- 
 ity, the results of which are seen in some of 
 the conspicuous public works of Chicago 
 and the State of Illinois, which stand as monu- 
 ments of his enterprise and engineering skill. 
 
 AUGUSTUS D. LAMB. 
 Augustus D. Lamb comes from good old Rev- 
 
934 
 
 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 olutionary stock, having been born in Tioga 
 County. Pa., April 14th, 1831. Loren Lamb, 
 his father, was the fourth direct descendant 
 of John Lamb, who came from Scotland and 
 settled in America in 1680; Susan Adams, his 
 mother, being a daughter of Lyman Adams, 
 a brother of John Adams, the second President 
 of the United States. 
 
 When eight years of age the subject of this 
 sketch went to Warsaw, N. Y., to make his 
 home with an uncle, where he received such 
 educational advantages as were afforded by 
 the country schools of that time. In 1853 he 
 came to Chicago to seek a fortune. His first 
 employment was with Eddy & Butler, dealers 
 in hardware and stoves, with whom he re- 
 mained for two years. In 1855 he formed a 
 partnership with Isaac Anderson, in the same 
 line of business, under the firm name of Lamb 
 & Company, but later Mr. Anderson was suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. Jewett, who had come to Chi- 
 cago on Mr. Lamb's urgent personal solicita- 
 tion. Subsequently Mr. Lamb disposed of his 
 interest in the business of Lamb & Jewett to 
 O. R. Butler. Within a few years, however, 
 Mr. Lamb entered the firm of Tuttle, Bartlett 
 & Co.. and after some years of faithful service 
 was admitted into partnership, the firm being 
 soon after reorganized and incorporated under 
 the firm name of Hibbard. Spencer, Bartlett & 
 Company. He subsequently disposed of his in- 
 terest in this concern to enter the wholesale 
 hardware firm of Brintnall, Lamb & Co., which 
 he assisted in organizing. Mr. Lamb has passed 
 the age of three score and ten and has retired 
 from active business life, to pass his declining 
 years in the peaceful serenity of a rest which a 
 well-spent life of toil and integrity has richly 
 earned. He was married in Chicago, in 1859, 
 to Miss Anna E. Bissell, and was the father of 
 two sons, Louis A., and Benjamin B., with 
 whom he now resides at 2011 Prairie Avenue. 
 
 EDMUND M. LANDIS. 
 
 Edmund M. Landis, physician and surgeon, 
 was born in Baltimore. Md., October 4, 1846, 
 and died in Chicago, December 14, 1902. He 
 was a great-great-grandson of William Robin- 
 son, the first Governor of Rhode Island, whose 
 father. Rowland Robinson, came from Cumber- 
 land, England, to Rhode Island in 1675. The 
 father of Edmund M. was Dr. Edmund Landis. 
 who practiced medicine in Baltimore, Md.. in 
 early life, and later in Chicago, where he died. 
 His mother's maiden name was Hannah Potter 
 Robinson, who was closely allied with some 
 of the leading families of Rhode Island, and 
 wa.s a cousin of Commodore Oliver Hazzard 
 Perry. 
 
 The younger Dr. I^andis received his early 
 education in Baltimore, and removed from that 
 city to Chicago in his youth. When in his 
 BJxteenth year, he enlisted in the One Hundred 
 and Thirteenth IlllnolH Volunteer Infantry for 
 service In the War of the Rebellion, and was 
 three years In the Union Army. He was one 
 
 of the youngest of those who left Illinois to 
 fight for the Union, and none discharged more 
 faithfully all the duties of a soldier. 
 
 After the war Dr. Landis completed his edu- 
 cation, and for several years was engaged in 
 the drug business in Chicago, beginning the 
 study of medicine in the meantime, and, in 
 1875, was graduated from Rush Medical Col- 
 lege. He established himself in medical prac- 
 tice on the North Side in Chicago, and within 
 a few years became one of the leading practi- 
 tioners in that part of the city. For many 
 years he was an intimate personal and profes- 
 sional friend of the famous surgeon. Dr. Moses 
 Gunn, and, for a time, was House Physician at 
 St. Joseph's Hospital. His practice was general 
 in character, and few physicians of Chicago 
 have had a clientele more devoted or more 
 appreciative of chivalrous devotion to profes- 
 sional duties. He loved his profession, had a 
 true moral sense of all the obligations that 
 rested upon him, and was counselor and friend, 
 as well as physician, to many of his patrons. 
 His illness was short, and his death, while still 
 at the height of his usefulness, was a shock to 
 those who trusted him as a physician and 
 friend. He was a member and Surgeon of Han- 
 cock Post, G. A. R., and his obsequies were 
 conducted by that organization. 
 
 In 1877 Dr. Landis was married to Miss Alma 
 Moore, of Chillicothe, Ohio, a daughter of Dr. 
 James J. Moore, one of the leading physicians 
 of Southern Ohio. Dr. Landis is survived by 
 his widow, one daughter, Ida Mary Landis, and 
 a son, Edmund Robinson Landis; also two 
 brothers, Rowland R. and John W. Landis. 
 
 ALBERT G. LANE. 
 Albert G. Lane, District Superintendent of 
 Schools, Chicago, was born in Chicago, March 
 15, 1841, of New England, and Puritan parent- 
 age. His father, Elisha B. Lane, settled in Chi- 
 cago as early as 1836. Mr. Lane received his 
 elementary education in the old Scammon 
 School, and later in the High School, gradu- 
 ating with the first class from the latter in 
 1858. Immediately after graduating he was 
 elected Principal of the Franklin School in the 
 North Division, entering upon the duties of the 
 position before he was eighteen years of age, 
 being the youngest School Principal Chicago 
 has ever had. His success, however, is demon- 
 strated by the fact that he retained the posi- 
 tion until 1869, when, having been elected 
 County Superintendent of Schools as successor 
 to J. F. Eberhart, he retired from his connec- 
 tion with the city schools. In 1873. having 
 failed of re-election, he entered into the bank- 
 ing business in a west side bank, but four years 
 later was re-nominated and re-elected County 
 Superintendent of Schools on the Republican 
 ticket. After that time he was re-elected three 
 times, each lime by increased majorities, mak- 
 ing five terms in the same office. In 1871 Mr. 
 Lane prepared a graded cotirse of study for 
 the country schools of Cook County, which 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 935 
 
 was subsequently adopted for the State of Illi- 
 nois, and in modified form in many of the 
 Western States. 
 
 At the time of the great panic of 1873, Mr. 
 Lane had $33,000 of County School funds de- 
 posited in the old Franklin Bank, which proved 
 a loss on account of the failure of the bank. 
 Although he might have made an adequate 
 defense, he made the amount good by volun- 
 tarily selling his property, borrowing from his 
 bondsmen, insuring his life to protect them, 
 and working fifteen years to pay the debt. 
 
 September 15, 1891, while serving his fifth 
 term as County Superintendent, Mr. Lane was 
 elected Superintendent of Piiblic Schools for 
 the City of Chicago, as successor to the late 
 George Rowland, who had resigned in August 
 previous. That his election was independent 
 of political consideration is shown by the fact 
 that he received fifteen votes out of a total 
 of twenty-one in the School Board, a majority 
 of whose members were Democrats. Mr. Lane 
 has been recognized as a leader in the ranks 
 of education of the State for years, and has 
 been prominent in the deliberations and dis- 
 cussions at the annual meetings of the National 
 and State Teachers' Associations. He was 
 President of the National Educational Associa- 
 tion for 1893 and 1894 and of the Illinois State 
 Teachers' Association for 1899, and at the pres- 
 ent time is a member of the National Council 
 of Education. In 1898 he was appointed Assist- 
 ant Superintendent of Schools for the city 
 of Chicago, but under a reorganization of Chi- 
 cago's school system, is now serving in the 
 capacity of District Superintendent. Mr. Lane 
 is identified with the Methodist Church, and has 
 always been prominent in religious and Sun- 
 day-school work. He is a member of the Illi- 
 nois Society of the Sons of the American Revo- 
 lution. 
 
 ALBERT LARRABEE, 
 City Missionary for the Church of Christ, and 
 the son of Stephen and Elizabeth N. (Fair- 
 banks) Larrabee, both natives of Maine, was 
 born in Danville, Maine, May 20, 1831, and edu- 
 cated at Lewiston Falls Academy. His pater- 
 nal grandfather was Jacob Larrabee, born in 
 Scotland, and his maternal grandparents were 
 Jonathan and Mahitabel (Wilson) Fairbanks, 
 both natives of Maine. Mr. Larrabee's boy- 
 hood was spent on a farm in what is now 
 known as Auburn, Maine, and his business life 
 has been devoted to the organization and pro- 
 motion of various pioneer enterprises, some of 
 which are as follows: In 1856 he moved to, and 
 settled in the new town of Macon, Mo., where, 
 in 1857, he obtained the establishment of a post- 
 oflBce and was appointed Postmaster; in 1860 
 the town was incorporated and he was elected 
 its first Mayor, being re-elected in 1861. In 
 1863 he was admitted to the practice of law in 
 the courts of that State. In 1866 he became 
 united with, and at once set about the estab- 
 lishment of the Christian Church at Macon, 
 Mo.; in 1867, organized the North Missouri In- 
 
 surance Company, and was its manager until 
 1873. This company did business in twenty- 
 seven States, had 1,400 agents and received in 
 premiums, $1,000,000 annually. 
 
 In 1874 Mr. Larrabee removed to Chicago, 
 and, for several years, continued in the fire 
 insurance business. On his arrival in Chicago, 
 he identified himself with the church and Sun- 
 day-school mission work on the West Side. 
 At that date (1874) there was only one Chris- 
 tian Church (so called), which is now known 
 as "Central Church of Christ," at Indiana Ave- 
 nue and Thirty-seventh Street. This West Side 
 Mission grew into organization, and, from 1876 
 to 1895, was located at Oakley Avenue near 
 Jackson Street (now Jackson Boulevard). It 
 has since been moved to Monroe and FYancisco 
 Streets, and is known as "Monroe Street Church 
 of Christ." For several years Mr. Larrabee 
 has devoted his time wholly, to opening up new 
 missions and developing these missions into 
 organized churches. From the above named 
 mission of 1874 have grown all of the churches, 
 of that denomination (seven or eight in num- 
 ber), on the West Side, at the present time. 
 
 The success of several of these churches 
 and missions is largely the result of his labor. 
 He is one of God's noblemen and his work is 
 being richly blessed. Mr. Larrabee is at present 
 Corresponding Secretary of the Chicago Chris- 
 tian Missionary Society. 
 
 Mr. Larrabee was married in Auburn, Maine, 
 October 2, 1853, to Hannah N. Bourk, and six 
 children have blessed this union: Julius Burke, 
 Stephen Evrett Girard, Massena Goodrich, Ag- 
 nes Estelle, Albert Milsted, and Raggio. In 
 politics, Mr. Larrabee is affiliated with the 
 Democratic party. 
 
 GEORGE LEADY, 
 Engineer on Engine No. 73, Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, son of Nicholas and Frances Leady, 
 was born in New York City, July 22, 1846, and 
 was brought by his parents to Chicago when 
 he was one year old, and was educated in the 
 public schools of Chicago. After leaving school, 
 he learned the trade of machinist with the 
 Illinois Central Railroad Company, remaining 
 there four years. In September, 1867, he joined 
 the Chicago Fire Department as substitute 
 assistant engineer on Engine No. 5; was trans- 
 ferred as substitute on Engine 14 (Fred Gund, 
 D. J. Swenie Captain), and to Engine 11 (Cov- 
 entry). On November 1, 1868 he was made a 
 regular member as assistant engineer on En- 
 gine 9 (Frank Sherman), and promoted to 
 Engineer in 1873. At the great Chicago fire 
 of October 8, 1871, he responded to the call, 
 began fighting fire first on the corner of 
 canal and Forquer Streets, and then was or- 
 dered to the Bonded Warehouse, at Beach and 
 Taylor Streets. When the fire crossed the 
 river, he was ordered to take a stand at Har- 
 rison and Clark Streets, and from there to the 
 Goodrich dock, and took suction 125 feet east 
 
936 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 of Rush Street Bridge, with Engine 13 (A. D. 
 Tltsworth). 
 
 While working there the engineer of No. 13 
 was overcome with smoke and asked Leady 
 to run his engine at the same time he was 
 running his own. Later his engine was re- 
 moved to the Lake Front and Washington 
 Street, as the water-works were destroyed. 
 Engines 9 and 16 worked at the head of 25th 
 Street and the lake, pumping into the mains, 
 and again Assistant Engineer Leady was cal- 
 led upon to run both engines all night, as the 
 engineer and assistant had left their engines 
 without pulling their fire. Engineer C. S. 
 Petrie relieved Engineer Leady in the morn- 
 ing, by taking charge of Engine 16. 
 
 Engineer Leady remained on Engine 9 for 
 thirty-one years until he was retired August 1, 
 189S, and was re-assigned to duty as Engineer 
 June 30, 1899, on Engine 73, where he is ready 
 if it becomes necessary to repeat all the brave 
 acts performed by him, and attend any fire 
 which may occur, whether large or small. 
 During these thirty-one years he was at all the 
 large fires that occurred. iNOvember 16, 1897, 
 he met with an accident, having his foot cut 
 off at the instep, which was the cause of his 
 being retired August 1, 1898. Engineer Leady's 
 father, Nicholas Leady, became a member of 
 the Chicago Fire Department in 1848, and was 
 on Eagle No. 7, State and Harrison Streets. He 
 was also a member of the Volunteer Associa- 
 tion, and later a member of the paid Fire De- 
 partment on Engine 5 (U. P. Harris). He 
 rang the bell at the court house, also at Twelfth 
 Street and the Harrison Street bell, and re- 
 mained with the department until 1864. 
 
 George Leady was married in Chicago, May 
 18. 1870, to Miss Bertha Stageman. 
 
 DESIRA M. LE BEAU. 
 
 Desira M. Le Beau, yarder, Union Stock 
 Yards, the son of Desira and Phoebe (Mitchell) 
 Le Beau, natives of Montreal, Canada, was born 
 in Chicago, May 3, 1852 and received his edu- 
 cation in the Washington, Dearborn and Foster 
 schools. After leaving school he worked for 
 Field I>€iter & Co., on Lake Street, for about 
 one year, and then for A. G. Downs & Co. for 
 three years. He learned and worked at the car- 
 penter's trade, then took charge of the Ameri- 
 can Express Company's work, in the capacity 
 of Superintendent of Construction, continuing 
 in that position until 1894, since which time he 
 has been employed as yarder at the Union 
 Stock Yards. He was married to Margaret 
 Russell, in Chicago, on February 5, 1879. Eight 
 children have l)een born to them, five of whom 
 arc now living. 
 
 DESIRA LE BEAU, Sr., (decea.sed) was 
 born In Montreal, Canada. In 1827, and ciime 
 to Chicago In 1837. He here learned the car- 
 penter's trade with his brother, Cyril LcBeau, 
 with whom he entered Into a partnership, 
 which continued until his death. .June 24, 189(5. 
 Mr. Le Bean was married In Chicago, In 1848 
 
 to Phoebe Mitchell, and they were the parents 
 of twelve children, eight of whom were living 
 in 1901. 
 
 LEVI Z. LETTER. 
 
 Levi Z. Leiter (deceased) was born Novem- 
 ber 22, 1834, in the little town of Maryland 
 which bears the ancestral name of Leitersburg, 
 from the first progenitor of the American 
 branch of the family, who came from Rotter- 
 dam in 1762. He grew to early manhood in his 
 native place, there received his rudimentary 
 education and commenced his commercial life 
 as a clerk in a general store. Becoming con- 
 vinced that "the West" offered a more promis- 
 ing field for youthful energy, he journeyed as 
 ^fao- as Springfi,eld, Ohio, where for twelve 
 months he filled a clerical position for 
 Peter Murray, a prominent merchant of 
 that place. Leaving Springfield in 1854, 
 he came to Chicago, where he entered the 
 employ of Downs & Von Wyck, with whom 
 he remained until January, 1856, when he be- 
 came a clerk in the wholesale house of Cooley, 
 Wadsworth & Company. Marshall Field was 
 a fellow-employe of the same firm, and both 
 young men were subsequently taken into part- 
 nership, in recognition of their business capa- 
 city and service. On January 1. 1863, they sold 
 their interest in the firm of Cooley, Wadsworth 
 & Company to John V. Farwell, and purchased 
 an interest in the business which had been 
 built up by Potter Palmer. For several years 
 the dry-goods firm of Field, Palmer & Leiter 
 did a flourishing business. Mr. Leiter and Mr. 
 Field finally bought out Mr. Palmer, and, from 
 1867 to 1881, managed the entire business under 
 the firm name of Field, Leiter & Company. 
 
 On January 1, 1881, Mr. Leiter, whose real- 
 estate holdings, because of their magnitude 
 and importance, had already begun to demand 
 much of his time, disposed of his interest in 
 the firm of Field, Leiter & Company to his busi- 
 ness partners, and from that time gave his at- 
 tention chiefly to his large and growing real- 
 estate interests, in the meanwhile devoting 
 much time to travel, to the education of his 
 family, to the cultivation and gratification of 
 his own artistic and scientific tastes, including 
 the acicunuilation of a magnificent library, 
 which is one of the finest private collections 
 in the country. From 1883 he maintained his 
 home in Washington, D. C, and this was widely 
 famed for its generous and refined hospitality. 
 During his life his public and private bene- 
 factions were liberal and well directed. A 
 biograi)her has said of him: "For many years 
 Mr. Leiter was a Director of the Chicago Relief 
 and Aid Society, and gave much time and 
 patient study to the wise distribution of char- 
 ity; and not only in this enterprise, but in all 
 intelligently directed charities, he has been 
 an honest worker and a lil)eral contributor, 
 whenever he became convinced that the be- 
 stowal of money and time would produce 
 more good than harm. In all that goes to ad- 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS, 
 
 937 
 
 vance the social and educational, as well as 
 the business, interests of Chicago, Mr. Leiter 
 has been a moving spirit. His great means, 
 as well as his keen business capacity, have 
 been enlisted in many worthy enterprises." 
 
 To the Chicago Historical Society he was a 
 liberal contributor, as well as a generous 
 patron of the Art Institute. After the former 
 had suffered so severely in the fires of 1871 
 and 1874, he was one of a few devoted friends 
 who came to its relief with substantial dona- 
 tions, which saved it from threatened collapse 
 and again placed it on a solid basis. He also 
 contributed generously toward the Society's 
 Building fund, and aided it in many other 
 ways. He was the second President of the Art 
 Institute, succeeding Mr. George Armour. Al- 
 though a resident of Washington, he never 
 lost his interest in Chicago, where he was an 
 extensive real estate owner and a heavy tax- 
 payer. After the conflagration of 1871, he ma- 
 terially aided in the city's rebuilding by the 
 erection of numerous stores and handsome 
 office and business blocks; was also one of the 
 principal stock-holders in the Illinois Trust 
 and Saving Bank from the time of its 
 organization. In social life he was connected 
 with a number of local clubs, including the 
 Chicago, the Calumet, the Washington Park 
 Clubs and the Union League. 
 
 In October, 1866, Mr. Leiter was married to 
 Mary Theresa, a daughter of Benjamin Carver, 
 a lineal descendant of a brother of John Car- 
 ver, the first Governor of Plymouth Colony. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Leiter had four children; Joseph, 
 Mary Victoria, Nancy Lathrop Carver and 
 Marguerite Hyde — the latter familiarly known 
 in society as Miss Daisy Leiter. Joseph Leiter 
 came into prominence in 1898, through his 
 daring ventures in the wheat market, which, 
 while they resulted in financial loss to the 
 operator, proved of immense vlalue to the 
 farmers of the Northwest. Mr. Joseph Leiter 
 is largely interested in coal mines in Southern 
 Illinois. The eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. 
 L. Z. Leiter, Mary Victoria, became the wife 
 of the Honorable George Curzon, now Lord 
 Curzon, of Keddleston, England, and Viceroy 
 of India. The second daughter, Nancy Lathrop 
 Carver, is married to Colin P. Campbell, a 
 Major in the English Army in India. The 
 youngest daughter. Marguerite Hyde, is married 
 to the Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire. 
 
 FREDERICK A. LENNON. 
 Frederick A. Lennon, time-keeper and 
 hog-buyer at the Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, was born in Dublin, Ireland, February 
 24, 1859, and educated by private tutors. 
 After leaving school he came to Chicago 
 in 1879 and found employment with Armour 
 & Company as time-keeper, remaining there 
 for twelve years. He then bought hogs 
 for the International Packing Company for 
 about three years, and later for the Chicago 
 Packing & Provision Company for three and 
 
 a half years, after which he entered into the 
 employment of the T. J. Lipton Co., where 
 he has since remained buying hogs for this 
 company. Always attentive to business and 
 watchful for the interests of his employers, 
 he is highly appreciated by all with whom he 
 associates. 
 
 NICHOLAS A. LIES, 
 Assistant Engineer, Harrison Street Pumping 
 Works, was born in Aurora, 111., February 19, 
 1865, and educated in the public schools. After 
 leaving school he worked in the office of the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad at Au- 
 rora for two years, then in the machine shop 
 of the same company until he went to the 
 machine shop of Hoyt Brothers, remaining 
 there three years, when in 1888, he came to 
 Chicago, where he worked in the shop of 
 Robert Tarrant & Company for two years. He 
 then found employment in steamboating on 
 the lakes during the summers for five years, 
 and at Tarrant & Company's, during the winters. 
 He was the first assistant engineer at the 
 Rookery Building for ten months, and then 
 assistant engineer for six months at the Mar- 
 quette Building, when he took the civil service 
 examination, and was the first certified under 
 the civil service rules, obtaining the first ap- 
 pointment. He then went to the Fullerton 
 Avenue Pumping Station, remaining one year; 
 then took another promotion from civil service 
 examination, standing at the head of the list 
 and receiving the appointment of assistant 
 engineer for Central (Harrison Street) Pump- 
 ing Works, where he has remained for more 
 than four years, and, by strict attention to 
 duty, has merited the approbation of his as- 
 sociates. He is a member of Douglas Lodge, 
 No. 125, Knights of Pythias: Columbian 
 Knights, Oriental Lodge No. 44; and National 
 Association of Stationary Engineers, No 1. 
 He was married in Chicago, November 27, 
 1895, to Miss Amanda Krueger, and they have 
 one son. 
 
 ROBERT T. LINCOLN. 
 Robert Todd Lincoln, lawyer, ex-Secretary 
 of War and for four years Representative of 
 the United States at the Court of St. James, 
 was born in Springfield, 111., August 1, 1843, 
 the oldest son of Abraham and Mary (Todd) 
 Lincoln, and was educated in the home schools 
 and at the Phillips-Exeter Academy and Har- 
 vard College, graduating from the latter in 
 1864. During the last few months of the Civil 
 War he served on the staff of General Grant 
 with the rank of Captain. After the war he 
 studied law, and, on his admission to the bar, 
 settled in Chicago, finally becoming a member 
 of the firm of Isham & Lincoln. In 1880 he was 
 chosen a Presidential Elector on the Repub- 
 lican ticket, and in March following was ap- 
 pointed Secretary of War by President Gar- 
 field, serving until the close of President 
 Arthur's administration. In 1889 he became 
 
938 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Minister to England by appointment of Presi- 
 dent Harrison, and continued in this office 
 until the accession of President Cleveland. 
 This was the last public office held by him. 
 After the death of George M. Pullman he be- 
 came Chairman of the Executive Committee 
 and Acting President ot the Pullman Palace 
 Car Company, which position (1904) he still 
 holds. Mr. Lincoln's name has been frequently 
 mentioned in connection with the Republican 
 nomination for the Presidency, but its use has 
 not been encouraged by him. 
 
 JAMES ARTHUR LONG. 
 
 James Arthur Long, lawyer, Chicago, was 
 born in Appleton, Wis., April 19, 1869, the son 
 of Matthew and Anna (Martin) Long, who 
 were both of Irish birth and ancestry. His 
 paternal grandparents were Matthew and Anna 
 (Lane) Long, while his maternal grandfather. 
 James Martin, married a lady by the name of 
 Cashman, all natives of Ireland. The father, 
 Matthew Long, was a college professor in his 
 native country, came to America in 1838, and 
 finally settled on a farm near Appleton, Wis., 
 then a frontier wilderness district, where he 
 reared a family of eleven children — eight boys 
 and three girls. 
 
 James A. Long, the fifth son and the subject 
 of this sketch, was educated in the high school 
 at Appleton, in the Normal School at Valpa- 
 raiso. Ind., and the Kent Law School, Chicago. 
 In May, 1889, he went to Montana and rode 
 with the cow-boys on "the range" in the north- 
 west part of the Territory for two years. 
 October 20, 1893, during the last days of the 
 World's Columbian Exposition, he arrived In 
 Chicago, and was employed by J. F. Snyder, 
 a lawyer now in theTacoma Building, on a 
 salary of two dollars a week. He studied law 
 at night, was admitted to the bar, and has had a 
 successful practice, his annual income during 
 the last few years amounting to several thou- 
 sand dollars. He spent two years among the 
 Indians during his stay in the Northwest, and 
 bears the mark of Indian bullets upon his arm. 
 On August 6, 1890, he was married to Lulu 
 Jane McKay, of Chicago. In religious belief 
 Mr. Long is a Roman Catholic, and politically 
 a Democrat. 
 
 JOEL M. LONGNECKER, 
 Joel M. Longnecker, attorney-at-law, Chi- 
 cago, born near Robinson, Crawford County, 
 111.. January 12. 1847, was educated in the 
 district and public schools and, before reach- 
 inK his eighteenth year, in November, 1864, 
 enlisted In the Fifth Regiment Illinois Cavalry, 
 during his period of service participating in 
 many hard fought battles and great raiding 
 f'xpfditlons. Including the Meridian raid and 
 th«- ••xppditlon against Jackson, Miss., and being 
 finally mnKlr-red out October 27, ISfi.'i. Upon re- 
 luming home, Mr. longnecker devoted his 
 attention to study, attending the Robinson 
 High School, where he graduated and then 
 
 began teaching, but later took up the study 
 of law and was admitted to the bar at Olney, 
 in 1870. Then, after serving two years as city 
 Attorney and four years (1877 to 1881) as 
 State's Attorney, he removed to Chicago in 
 the latter part of 1881. From the very start, 
 his career has been both successful and bril- 
 liant, having filled several of the most im- 
 portant positions in the State. In 1886, Mr. 
 Longnecker succeeded to the office of Prose- 
 cuting (State's) Attorney, continuing until 
 1892. While in this office, he conducted a 
 large number of important criminal cases, one 
 of the most important being the trial of the 
 murderers of Dr. Cronin, in which he gained 
 a wide reputation for skill and ability as a 
 prosecutor in cases of this character. He has a 
 large and growing practice and, together with 
 his son, Rolla R., has organized the firm of 
 LongnecKer & Longnecker. He is a member 
 of Lincoln Post, G. A. R., and, in May, 1900, 
 was chosen as Department Commander for 
 Illinois of the Grand Army of the Republic. 
 He is a man of eminent ability with command- 
 ing infiuence and dignity. His frank and genial 
 nature, and his earnestness and confidence 
 in his undertakings naturally fit him for a 
 leader; his comrades of the G. A. R. knew 
 this and hence their choice. Mr. Longnecker 
 was married to Miss Florence Fitch in August 
 1870, and three children have been born to 
 them, viz.: Rolla R., Joel F. and Theodosia M. 
 
 JOHN McMURDO LORIMER. 
 John McMurdo Lorimer, State Grain In- 
 spector, Chicago, was born in Manchester, Eng., 
 July 20, 1866, the son of William and Sarah 
 (Harley) Lorimer, who came to America when 
 he was two years old. The father, who was a 
 civil engineer and stone-mason, was killed 
 on a building in 1872, being then but thirty- 
 five years of age. There are six of his children 
 now living: Anna, William. Sarah, Agnes, 
 John McM. and Mary. The mother died June 
 5, 1903, aged seventy-two years and eleven 
 months. Mr. Lorimer's brother, William, is 
 an influential factor in political affairs in 
 Cook County and the State of Illinois, and. 
 except a few years (1893-95), has held the 
 position of Representative in Congress from a 
 Chicago District continuously since 1894 to 
 the present time (1905). John McM. lorimer 
 attended the Scammon School until he was 
 nine years old, then leaving to become a 
 newsboy. When sixteen years of age, he en- 
 tered the employment of the Street Railway 
 Company, and in 1886 became a fireman on the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, re- 
 taining this position for seventeen months. 
 He then (February, 1888) went on a strike, 
 which lasted eight months, after which he 
 was employed as fireman on the Wisconsin 
 Central eight and a half years, when he re- 
 signed, April 13. 1897. He then began prep- 
 aration for taking a civil service examina- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 939 
 
 tion for the position of grain inspector, which 
 he successfully passed July 1, 1899. 
 
 Mr. Lorimer was married at Waukesha, Wis., 
 February 22, 1892, to Miss Agnes E. Lenartz, 
 of Chicago, and to them have been born two 
 children: Agnes Catherine, born March 27, 1893, 
 and William Joseph, born March 19, 1897. Mr. 
 Lorimer belongs to the Brotherhood of Loco- 
 motive Firemen and the National Union, and 
 his people are Presbyterian in their church 
 relations. His wife is a Catholic. 
 
 JAMES P. LOTT. 
 
 James P. Lott, prominent live-stock dealer, 
 Chicago, and sole surviving child of the late 
 Thomas Lott by his first marriage, was born 
 in South Charleston, Ohio, October 12, 1839, 
 attended the public schools as a boy, and after- 
 ward worked on a farm. In January, 1861, 
 he came with his father to Bloomington, 111., 
 where he at first engaged in the grocery busi- 
 ness, and afterward conducted a hotel. Coming 
 to Chicago in 1870, he worked for his father's 
 firm, Lott & Smith, until his parent's death, 
 when he succeeded to his interest. In 1876 he 
 withdrew from this concern to> enter into 
 partnership with William Harpole, William T. 
 Dickson subsequently becoming a member of 
 the firm. In 1884 Mr. Harpole severed his con- 
 nection with the house, and Messrs. Dickson 
 & Lott carried on the business alone, until 
 1902, when Mr. Lott retired. Mr. Lott's ex- 
 perience, judgment and sense are widely 
 known, and have won for him both commer- 
 cial and civic distinction. In 1897, Governor 
 Tanner appointed him a member of the Illi- 
 nois Live Stock Board, a position which he 
 held until April, 1891. 
 
 While a thorough-going business man, keenly 
 alert to every detail of the important interests 
 to which he devotes his personal supervision, 
 Mr. Lott is genial in temperament and fond 
 of social pleasures, readily making and keep- 
 ing friends. He was married to Miss Mary 
 E. White, of Sycamore, 111., on October 30, 
 1873. 
 
 THOMAS LOTT. 
 Reference has already been made, in these 
 pages, to the important part played by the 
 Union Stock Yards in the commercial develop- 
 ment of Chicago and in placing it in the posi- 
 tion of the leading provision and live-stock 
 market of the world. In recalling this fact, 
 however, the average reader is apt to bring to 
 mind only the great packing houses whose 
 enormous plants are capable of supplying the 
 armies of the world, and whose empty cans 
 have been picked up by explorers upon the 
 sun-scorched lands of Central Africa. Not to 
 these men alone does Chicago owe a debt, 
 but to the I've-stock commission dealers as 
 well, whose sagacity, promptitude and fair- 
 dealing have become proverbial. To this class 
 of business men belonged the late Thomas 
 Lott, whose name was, for many years, a syn- 
 
 onym for business integrity among both his 
 customers and his business associates. 
 
 Mr. Lott was born at Danville, Pa., in Sep- 
 tember, 1815, and, after reaching maturity, 
 engaged in stock-farmmg in Clark County, 
 Ohio. Thence, in January, 1861, he removed 
 to Bloomington, 111., and in 1868 came to Chi- 
 cago, becoming a partner in the live-stock 
 firm of Horine & Lott, at the Stock Yards. 
 A year later he withdrew to form a partnership 
 with H. R. (familiarly known as "Jersey") 
 Smith. He remained a member of this 'firm, 
 under the name of Lott & Smith, until his 
 death, March 21, 1872. 
 
 Thomas Lott was twice married, first, in 
 1838, in Clark County, Ohio, to Susan Paist, 
 who bore him two children, one of whom, 
 James P., is yet living. She died in 1842, and 
 three years afterward Mr. Lott married Mary 
 Holloway, by whom there were five children, 
 two of whom are now living. 
 
 WILLIAM W. LOWE, 
 "Pioneer" Assistant Engineer Sewerage De- 
 partment, was born in New York City, Decem- 
 ber 21, 1838, and was brought to Chicago by 
 his parents in 1839. Here he attended the 
 Dearborn School and Wilson's Academy, and 
 after leaving school was employed in James 
 Potter's engineering office, where he remained 
 until April 17, 1861, when he enlisted as United 
 States Volunteer, being mustered in April 19. 
 on Battery A, First Illinois Artillery. He took 
 part in a number of prominent battles as a 
 member of the Paducah Division, and was 
 transferred to Gen. W. T. Sherman's Division 
 after the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and 
 later to Sherman's Grand Division. He was 
 honorably discharged from the army July 28, 
 1864. After leaving the army he returned to 
 Chicago and entered the omce of the Sewerage 
 Department in the fall of 1864, as Assistant 
 Engineer under W. H. Clarke, and, with the 
 exception of sixteen months, has been in the 
 service of that department up to the present 
 time, proving that his valuable services have 
 been appreciated by the administrations with 
 which he has been connected during a period 
 of forty years. 
 
 Mr. Lowe was married to Miss C. K. Fish, 
 in Chicago, September 6, 1865. and of this 
 union one daughter has been born. 
 
 JOHN LYNCH, 
 Chief of Battalion 15, Cnicago Fire Department, 
 was born in Joliet, 111., April 1, 1849. He be- 
 came a fireman in 1872, and served on Engine 
 No. 17 and Chemical No. 1. He was made a 
 Lieutenant in 1876 and a Captain in 1886, later 
 serving on Engine No. 18. In 1878 he was pro- 
 moted to Chief, and is now (1904) serving at 
 the head of Battalion 15, with headquarters at 
 1245 West Thirteenth Street. Captain Lynch 
 has had many hair-breadth escapes, including 
 the fire at the Academy of Music, just miss- 
 ing a descent through the roof into the blaz- 
 ing parquet, when Marshal Petrie and seven 
 
9+0 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 companions went down. He was President of 
 me Firemen's xjenevolent Association, when 
 the clever Dan Healy, Superintendent of Pub- 
 lic Service and an ex-flreman. was Treasurer. 
 He is a fair sample of the genial, brave, fear- 
 less and always ready Chicago fireman. He 
 was married on the 17th day of March, 1875, 
 to Mary O'Hallaran in Chicago, and five chil- 
 dren have been born to them: Henry J., George 
 E., M. E., Agnes and Annie. 
 
 JOHN J. LYNCH, 
 
 Lieutenant of Fire Insurance Patrol No. 4, was 
 born on a farm near Bunker Hill, Macoupin 
 County, 111., March 19, 1864, and educated in 
 the district schools. After leaving school he 
 worked for the St. Louis Bridge Company for 
 eleven years, then came to Chicago May 3, 
 1891. and entered the employ of Armour & Co., 
 and later that of the Chicago Telepnone Com- 
 pany. He joined Patrol No. 1, November 6, 
 1891, and was assigned to No. 5, when it was or- 
 ganized March 5, 1892; was transferred to 
 Patrol No. 1. August 13, 1894; promoted to 
 Lieutenant, November 1, 1896, and transferred 
 to Patrol No. 4, Union Stockyards, where he is 
 always ready to protect the valuable interests 
 with which he is surrounded. He has no won- 
 derful escapes or injuries to relate, but has 
 had many close calls. He was married in Chi- 
 cago, November 25, 1890, to Miss Nora Scully, 
 and they have had six children, four of whom 
 are living. 
 
 CHARLES ELIAS MABIE. 
 
 Charles Elias Mabie, President of the North- 
 western Life Assurance Company, was born at 
 Onion River, Sheboygan County, Wis. July 1, 
 1855, a son of Daniel K. and Ann Eliza 
 (Hyatt) Mabie. The family name is an ancient 
 one. its origin in this country dating from the 
 time of the war between Holland and Spain, 
 when an ancestor of that name came over as 
 a privateersman on a vessel fitted out by the 
 Spanish nation. This ancestor settled on the 
 New York coast, and the family in due time 
 became numerous and well-known in New Eng- 
 land history. Daniel K. Mabie, the father of 
 Charles E., was born in Putnam County, N. Y., 
 in 1818, and was the eldest of a large family of 
 children. He was a physician of high standing, 
 and removed to Wisconsin in 1855, and from 
 there to Illinois in 1871, where he practiced 
 his profession for many years with marked 
 success. 
 
 The son acquired his education in the schools 
 of Pecatonica. 111., and at the age of nineteen 
 ronimencprl business as a fire insurance soli- 
 citor. Following this, he took ui) life insur- 
 ance, anri In 1878 accepted the position of Gen- 
 eral Agr»nt for the Efiuital)le Life Assurance 
 Society of New York City. In 1881 Mr. Mal)ie 
 was elected Presirlent of the Northwestern Life 
 Assurance Company of Chicago, thus assuming 
 Btlll greater biinU-ns and responsibjlitics as an 
 executive officer. His selection for this posi- 
 
 tion was a wise step, and under his able direc- 
 tion the business has rapidly increased. Mr. 
 Mabie is a gentleman of fine social as well as 
 business qualities. He is a member of the Hyde 
 Park, the Hamilton and Marquette Clubs, and 
 of the Knights of Pythias and Masonic orders. 
 He is a widower and has two daughters, Litta 
 and Dorothea. 
 
 SAMUEL JOHN MACK. 
 
 The extensive railroad interests of the coun- 
 try are believed, at the present time, to afford 
 the most inviting field for the exercise of un- 
 usual business abilities. Certain it is that the 
 railroad men connected with the Union Stock 
 Yards Company at Chicago, are men who hold 
 their positions by right of natural fitness. Their 
 work is too complicated and involved for weak- 
 lings and incompetents, and the men who are 
 doing what their companies need are strong 
 and capable. Among these men Mr. Mack holds 
 an honorable place. He is the agent of the 
 shipping division of the Chicago Burlington & 
 Quincy Railroad, which has charge of the 
 handling of the live stock at the Union Stock 
 Yards, and during his long connection with the 
 "Q" has displayed business abilities of the 
 highest order. 
 
 Mr. Mack was born at Lakeville, Washington 
 County, N. Y., August 6, 1847, and was educated 
 in the public schools. When he had finished his 
 studies he secured a position with the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad, at Somonauk, 
 111., and there was at work when the Civil War 
 called him to the front. In 1861 he enlisted in 
 the Eighth Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, and 
 served throughout the war, making a record of 
 which his friends are justly proud. In the fall 
 of 1865 he resumed his connection with the 
 "Q," and for two and a half years was employed 
 in its train service, when he was sent to the 
 Union Stock Yards to take charge of the ship- 
 ping interests of the company at that point. 
 For a time his business was amply accommo- 
 dated in a way-car; but it speedily grew and, 
 at the preesnt time, has attained mammoth 
 proportions. Mr. Mack finds his one recreation 
 in the enjoyment of a good horse, and is a pas- 
 sionate lover of this noble animal, keeping sev- 
 eral on hand. Nothing delights him so much 
 as a friendly spin and a warm tilt down the 
 boulevards. His long service of forty years 
 with the great company whose interests he so 
 zealously guards at the stock yards is ])roof 
 of his signal business ability, and the warm 
 esteem in which he is held by an army of ship- 
 pers shows his manly qualities and generous 
 nature. He belongs to Home Lodge, No. 508, 
 A. F. & A. M., and is an adept in the mysteries 
 of the craft. 
 
 FRANKLIN MACVEAGH. 
 The ranks of commerce have given to the 
 world an innumerable host of men juttly fame,l 
 for keen perception, far-seeing judgment, broad 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 941 
 
 knowledge of affairs and unselfish devotion 
 alike to private and public trusts; yet among 
 their members it is rare to find men who join 
 to these powers — inherent or acquired — broad 
 scholarship and ripe culture. Business cares, 
 engrossing in their nature and peremptory in 
 their demands, not infrequently stunt mental 
 development and act as a curb to the natural 
 expansion of latent impulse. 
 
 The business life of Franklin MacVeagh fur- 
 nishes a notable exception to the rule, and 
 amounts almost to a contradiction of the aphor- 
 ism. Lawyer, merchant, author, statesman, he 
 has studied no subject which he has not probed, 
 and undertaken no task in which he has been 
 found derelict. 
 
 Mr. MacVeagh was born in Westchester, Ches- 
 ter County, Pa., his father being a prosperous 
 and universally esteemed farmer, commonly 
 hailed as "Squire" by his fellow-townsmen. 
 Franklin pursued his preparatory studies 
 chiefly in the schools of his native town, after- 
 wards matriculated at Yale College, where he 
 graduated in the academic course in 1862. The 
 two years following he spent in Columbia Col- 
 lege Law School, then under the wardenship of 
 the eminent Theodore W. Dwight, afterward a 
 member of the Commission of Appeals. While 
 pursuing his studies theoretically at the law 
 school, he was gaining a practical insight into 
 practice through his connection with the office 
 of Edmonds, Bushnell & Hamilton. At that 
 time Judge Edmonds, the senior member of the 
 firm, was engaged upon a private revision of 
 the New York Statutes, a work which became 
 recognized and quotable authority in the State 
 courts of record. The natural acumen and 
 painstaking accuracy of young MacVeagh, 
 joined to his facile use of language acquired 
 through college training, induced the Judge to 
 employ him as an assistant in what was one 
 of the stupendous legal and literary undertak- 
 ings of the decade. Later, the young lawyer, 
 after declining a partnership with Judge Ed- 
 monds, formed a limited business connection 
 with Charlton T. Lewis, Esq., of New York, 
 but ill health necessitated his abandonment of 
 a profession for which he had manifested a 
 marked aptitude, and in which his native tal- 
 ent and high endowments would, beyond ques- 
 tion, have enabled him to take a high rank. 
 Being advised to seek a change of climate, he 
 removed to Chicago in September, 1865, and 
 has there aided in founding and building up 
 the enormous wholesale grocery business con- 
 ducted by the firm of which he has been the 
 head since 1870. 
 
 Not all his time, however, is given up to the 
 cares of business. Fond of literature and of 
 literary pursuits, he spends many hours in his 
 large, well-selected, richly housed library in 
 his handsome home on the Lake Shore Drive, 
 which abounds in evidence of a refined, even 
 aesthetic taste. As a writer he is versatile and 
 forceful, and his diction is often classic in its 
 purity and elegance. 
 
 Chicago has received many proofs of Mr. 
 MacVeagh's self-sacrificing readiness to respond 
 to appeals to his public spirit as a citizen. In 
 1874 he was chosen President of the Citizens' 
 Association, and was charged with the chief 
 responsibility of perfecting the organization of 
 the body and formulating and directing its 
 work. Although the task was an onerous one, 
 his deep interest in the public welfare would 
 not permit him to seek to shift the responsi- 
 bility and burden to the shoulders of another. 
 The results of the association's labors form a 
 part of the city's history, and Chicago is today 
 enjoying the fruits of the profound thought, 
 patient study and systematic efforts of Mr. Mac- 
 Veagh and his associates, to whom patriotism 
 meant more than partisanship, and who valued 
 the public good more than private gain. 
 Through their efforts the City Fire Department 
 was entirely reorganized and placed on a non- 
 partisan basis; the bureau system of municipal 
 administration gave way to one investing the 
 Mayor with broader powers and providing for 
 the appointment of responsible heads of depart- 
 ments; provision was made for more adequate 
 water supply, and other equally vital reforms 
 were inaugurated. 
 
 While taking a deep interest in political 
 affairs, Mr. MacVeagh has never aspired to hold 
 office because of the honor, the mere emolu- 
 ments or patronage incident to official position. 
 In 1894, however, he consented to become the 
 Democratic nominee for the United States Sen- 
 ate, and was named as such by the State Con- 
 vention of his party. The Legislature elected 
 was Republican, there being, during that year, 
 what is popularly called a "political landslide," 
 and while he received the full Democratic vote 
 on joint ballot. Senator Cullom was re-elected. 
 Mr. MacVeagh's brother, Wayne MacVeagh, of 
 Pennsylvania, was for many years in public 
 life, having filled the posts of United States 
 Minister to Turkey and to Italy, and sat in the 
 Cabinet of President Garfield. 
 
 Mr. MacVeagh is a charming conversational- 
 ist, and of polished, yet genuine and sincere 
 courtesy. His address combines dignity with 
 affability, and thoughtfulness for others is one 
 of his pronounced characteristics. He is en- 
 dowed with rare organizing and executive abil- 
 ity, and his judgment of men is rarely at fault. 
 
 Mrs. MacVeagh is a daughter of the late 
 Henry F. Fames, for many years President 
 of the Commercial National Bank of Chicago, 
 which responsible position he filled up to the 
 time of his death. 
 
 CHARLES A. MALLORY. 
 While not yet having passed the prime of 
 manhood, Mr. Charles A. Mallory has already 
 attained a high place among the enterprising 
 and successful business men of Chicago. The 
 only son of the late Henry C. Mallory, he has 
 worthily followed in the footsteps of his es- 
 teemed and lamented father. Charles A. was 
 born on the paternal farm, in Hillsdale County, 
 
942 
 
 HISTORICAL EN'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Mich., on September 28, 1858, and brought by 
 his parents to the City of Chicago while yet an 
 infant. After leaving school, at the age of 
 fifteen, he started in the life insurance business, 
 but the following year began work at the Union 
 Stock Yards, and since 1874 has been identified 
 with the live-stock commission business. As 
 a member of the firms of Mallory & Brother, 
 and Mallory & Son, and as Treasurer and man- 
 ager of the Mallory & Son-Zimmerman Com- 
 pany, and as Treasurer and manager of the Mal- 
 lory Commission Company, his name is still 
 well known in every great live-stock market 
 throughout the continent, his firm having 
 branches at St. Joseph and Kansas City, Mo.; 
 South Omaha, Neb.; South St. Paul, Minn.; 
 and Sioux City. Iowa. During his compara- 
 tively short business career, he has exhibited a 
 quick perception, sound business judgment and 
 executive capacity of a high order, which could 
 scarcely fail to bring him prominently into the 
 foreground. 
 
 Mr. Mallory was married to Miss Elizabeth 
 Allen at Hillsdale, Mich., on March 4, 1884, and 
 they are the parents of four children, only two 
 of whom are living. 
 
 DEWITT CLINTON MALLORY. 
 
 Although not yet past middle life, few men 
 at the Union Stock Yards ^re better known or 
 more universally esteemed than Dewitt C. Mal- 
 lory, President of the Mallory Commission Com- 
 pany. Mr. Mallory was born at Moscow, Hills- 
 dale County, Mich." September 19, 1843. Attend- 
 ance at the District school was supplemented 
 by a course of study at Albion College in his 
 native State, when, in January, 1872, he came 
 to Chicago to begin work for the firm of Mal- 
 lory Brothers at the Union Stock Yards, with 
 whom he remained until the retirement from 
 the firm of H. E. Mallory. The gentleman last 
 named and Mr. D. C. Mallory then formed a 
 partnership under the title of Mallory & 
 Brother. H. E. Mallory died in 1889, and his 
 surviving partner became a member of the Mal- 
 lory & Son-Zimmerman Company, in which con- 
 cern he held the office of Vice-President until 
 December 2.5, 189.5, when occurred the death o£ 
 another brother. H. C. Mallory. Not long after, 
 there wa.s organied the Mallory Commission 
 Company, I). C. Mallory being elected its Presi- 
 dent and still retaining that position. 
 
 On April 27, 186.5, he was united in marriage 
 to Mary .Iosei)hine Vaughn, at his native town 
 of .Moscow, and two of the four children born 
 to them survive. S. A. Mallory. son of D. C, 
 is now one of the employes looking after the 
 Interests of the firm in the Yards. His daugh- 
 ter Is married to A. C. Dean, who is now in 
 the employ of the Swift Company and is located 
 In New York City. 
 
 HENRY CLAY MALLORY. 
 For nearly forty years the name of Mallory 
 has been a familiar one to dealers In live stock, 
 not only In Clihago but al.so throughout the 
 
 West. Under various mutations of style, the 
 house of Mallory has grown and prospered for 
 four decades, its original founder having been 
 the prominent business man just named. Henry 
 C. Mallory was born at Palmyra, N. Y., August 
 19, 1828. When he was a boy of nine years, his 
 parents emigrated from Wayne County, in the 
 Empire State, to Hillsdale County, Mich., 
 settling on a farm near Jonesville. There he 
 grew to manhood, receiving his education in 
 the country schools and at Albion College. 
 While yet a young man he entered the employ 
 of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Rail- 
 road Company, as a solicitor of consignments 
 of live stock for east-bound shipment. It was 
 in this capacity that he came to Chicago in 
 1859. Three years afterward he formed a part- 
 nership with a Mr. Wallwork for the conduct 
 of a live-stock commission business, at the old 
 Lake Shore & Fort Wayne Yards. In 1865 Wall- 
 work & Mallory removed to the Union Stock 
 Yards. In 1867 his brother, H. E. Mallory, en- 
 tered the firm, the style thereupon becoming 
 Mallory & Brother. In 1878 H. E. Mallory with- 
 drew to engage in business alone, and the name 
 of the house was changed to Mallory & Son. 
 The Mallory & Son-Zimmerman Company was 
 incorporated in 1869 with Henry C. Mallory as 
 President, and this position he continued to 
 fill until his death, on Christmas Day, 1895. 
 The foregoing resume of his life and work is 
 necessarily brief and imperfect. The mere out- 
 line of a life will fail to show the innate nobil- 
 ity of character which underlies it. To assiduity 
 in business Mr. Mallory joined gentleness and 
 generosity, and to keen business judgment a 
 scrupulous sense of business honor. While living 
 in Jonesville, Mich., in 1850, he married Miss 
 Susan B. Hoxie, the issue of the union being 
 two children, Charles A. and Emma L. 
 
 HERBERT E. MALLORY. 
 
 The passing from life of such men as the late 
 Herbert E. Mallory leaves a void, not only 
 among the friends who loved him for his un- 
 selfish spirit and broad charity, which knew not 
 malice, but also in the community in which he 
 was honored for his unspotted character and 
 blameless life. For forty-four years he was 
 identified with Chicago's live-stock markets, 
 and during all that period his name was a syn- 
 onym for probity and upright dealing. 
 
 It was at Macedon, Warsaw County, N. Y., 
 that he was born, on January 14, 1833, but while 
 a child of four years, his parents removed to 
 Michigan, being among the pioneer setttlers of 
 that State. As a boy he helped his father in 
 farm work, and. by the aid of such schools as 
 the locality afforded and study at home, he man- 
 aged to acquire a fair common-Hchool education. 
 He was industrious and llirifty, and at twenty 
 years of age was engaged in cultivating his 
 own farm, to which he had acquired the title 
 through patient work and self-denial. 
 
 He was married early in life, choosing for his 
 wife Lucy A. Wakefield, of Wheatland, Mich., to 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 943 
 
 whom he was wedded on February 22, 1852. 
 The issue of this union was three daughters. 
 The eldest, Josephine R., became Mrs. M. J. 
 Messinger, who died June 24, 1873. The other 
 two married, respectively, Frank Kinzie and 
 George Moore. Being blessed with no son, Mr. 
 and Mrs. Mallory adopted one, who is l^nown as 
 Frederick A. Mallory. 
 
 In 1862 Mr. Mallory removed to Detroit to 
 assume superintendency of the construction of 
 the stock yards there, and for a year was en- 
 gaged in shipping stock, but the following year 
 took up his residence in Chicago. Having ex- 
 perienced financial reverses, and with serious 
 domestic responsibilities resting upon his shoul- 
 ders, he lost no time in making an effort to 
 recoup his fortunes. He formed a business 
 association with his cousin, John R. Hoxie. 
 They were purchasing and shipping agents for 
 a Cleveland concern, also doing more or less 
 business under army contracts, and, during one 
 winter, purchased and shipped $250,000 worth 
 of stock unaided. In 1867 he entered the firm 
 of Wallwork and Mallory, in which his brother, 
 Henry C, was a partner. The style of the firm 
 then became Mallory & Brother. Mr. Mallory 
 continued to carry on business successfully at 
 the Yards until his demise, which occurred 
 November 3, 1887. 
 
 Although always averse to holding public 
 office, Mr. Mallory consented to represent the 
 Fourth Ward in the City Council in 1878, and 
 again in 1879, showing, in the service of his 
 constituents, the same pains-taking care, the 
 same sound business sense and the same fidelity 
 to duty which always guided him in his private 
 affairs. He was a member of Home Lodge, 
 A. F. & A. M., but his domestic tastes always 
 inclined him to the pleasures of his own fire- 
 side. In reviewing his life and character, it 
 is difficult to give him just meed of praise with- 
 out employing terms which may sound like ful- 
 some fiattery to those who did not know him. 
 Faithful in every relation of life, with tender, 
 sympathetic heart and generous impulses, his 
 life was filled with deeds of unostentatious 
 kindness and benevolence. The memory of 
 such men cannot die. 
 
 WILLIAM H. MALLORY. 
 Few names are better known, or more thor- 
 oughly respected, at the Union Stock Yards, than 
 that of Mallory. Since the opening of the gates 
 for business, the members of this family have 
 been prominently identified with the live-stock 
 business carried on there, and have been among 
 those who have contributed much, not only to 
 the building up of the Yards, but also to the 
 increase of Chicago's business. The subject 
 of this biography has been, for nearly 
 forty years, a familiar figure and suc- 
 cessful trainer at the great center of busi- 
 ness activity. He was born at Moscow, Mich., 
 January 18, 1841, the son of Azariah Mallory, 
 who died June 23, 1853. After passing through 
 the district school, he pursued his studies at 
 
 Albion and Hillsdale Colleges, meanwhile work- 
 ing upon the farm. After the settlement of his 
 father's estate he came to Chicago, in October, 
 1863, and entered the employ of Wallwork & 
 Mallory, with whom he remained one year. He 
 then engaged in shipping live stock in connec- 
 tion with his brother Byron. After his broth- 
 er's death he continued to carry on the business 
 alone with decided success until 1873. During 
 these years he bought cattle for several eastern 
 houses, among them being the well known firm 
 of Comstock & Brothers, of Providence, R. I. 
 In 1873 he became buyer of hogs for J. B. Mur- 
 phy, and after two years accepted a similar po- 
 sition with Armour & Co. He left the latter 
 concern in 1876, to become cattle buyer for Nel- 
 son Morris & Co., which responsible position 
 he still fills, his sound judgment, shrewd sense 
 and absolute fidelity having proved invaluable. 
 
 OSCAR F. MALMBERG, 
 Captain on Engine No. 83, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Sweden, October 30, 1862, 
 and educated in the public schools. He came to 
 New York in February, 1882, and to Chicago in 
 June, 1882, and in the latter city was clerk in 
 a grocery store until September, 1885, when he 
 bought a grocery. On August 15, 1887, he joined 
 the Chicago Fire Department, and was assigned 
 to Engine No. 22 as substitute pipeman, serving 
 with that company until transferred to Engine 
 No. 13 on November 1, 1887. He was promoted 
 to Lieutenant July 2, 1891, and assigned to the 
 fire-boat "Yosemite," and on July 2, 1896, was 
 promoted to Captain and transferred to Engine 
 No. 21, then transferred to Engine No. 73, April 
 15, 1897, and later to Engine 85, where (1904) 
 he is ready for any call of duly or danger. He 
 has had several narrow escapes and rescues, 
 and was honorably mentioned by the Depart- 
 ment for rescuing a man from drowning at the 
 Yosemite headquarters, at the foot of LaSalle 
 Street, August 5, 1892, and on the following 
 night, with the assistance of the crew, rescued 
 two men from drowning. At the fire at 236-238 
 Monroe Street, February 14, 1894, he was or- 
 dered with his company, by Chief Swenie, to 
 rescue William Fleming of Engine No. 40, who 
 was caught by falling fioors at the head of the 
 stairs leading to the third floor, and while en- 
 gaged in releasing Fleming's arm from under- 
 neath a heavy beam, an explosion occurred, 
 throwing them to the bottom of the stairs on 
 the first fioor, just as Fleming was released. 
 At the lumber yard fire, August 1, 1894, Lieu- 
 tenant Malmberg, while with fire-boat "Yosem-. 
 ite," did excellent service with the other officers 
 and the crew in stopping the cyclone of fire 
 from crossing the river south of the fire, thereby 
 saving from destruction the Santa Fe elevator, 
 which was on Are many times but escaped with 
 slight damage. The wind developed into a 
 cyclone of sufficient power to lift wagons loaded 
 with lumber, whirling them through the air. 
 One of them struck the starboard side of the 
 fire-boat, doing considerable damage. First As- 
 
944 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 sistant Fire Marshal W. H. Musham was thrown 
 into the river and rescued by the crew. Lieuten- 
 ant Malmberg was blown from the stand-pipe 
 on the deck, but recovered shortly after. 
 
 On September 12, 1894, the fire-boat "Yosem- 
 ite" responded to a special call at 8:13 p. m., 
 from box 1511, to A. R. Beck's lumber yard, 
 South Chicago. In leaving the harbor every- 
 thing was made fast, and the port-holes closed, 
 as a gale was blowing from the southwest. In 
 order to avoid the reef at Morgan's pier near 
 Fifty-eighth Street, the boat was headed out into 
 the lake. When about one and one-half miles 
 from the shore, and one mile south of the Six- 
 ty-eighth Street crib, the stoker informed the 
 officers that the water in the hold was touching 
 the grates, and threatened to put out the fires. 
 Immediately the suctions were applied to the 
 pumps, but too late, and the fire-whistle was 
 blown as a signal of distress. The men were 
 ordered to bail out the boat with buckets. Lieu- 
 tenant Malmberg made torches by taking his 
 own clothes and those of the crew, and saturat- 
 ing them with kerosene oil, which attracted the 
 attention of the life-boat crew at Jackson Park. 
 In about three hours the life-boat appeared and 
 rescued the "Yosemite" crew, although in re- 
 turning to the shore the waves were so high 
 that the life-boat capsized, and the eighteen 
 occupants were thrown into the lake. After 
 many attempts the boat was righted and the 
 storm-tossed mariners were again seated in it, 
 excepting Lieutenant Malmberg and Engineer 
 Brown, who had to hang on to the edge of the 
 boat until they reached the shore. The fire-boat 
 sank within ten minutes after the crew was 
 rescued, but was raised and placed in service 
 again. 
 
 Lieutenant Malmberg was married in Chicago, 
 April 30, 1890, to Miss Jennie Akerland, and 
 two children have been born of this union. 
 
 AUGUSTUS K. MANNING. 
 Augustus K. Manning, soldier and attorney-at- 
 law, Chicago, was born at Waterloo, N. Y., No- 
 vember 30, 1848; came to Warrenville, Du Page 
 County, 111., with his parents in 1849, and re- 
 mained there until he was about sixteen years 
 old, when he enlisted in the United States Army, 
 joining Company H, Twenty-third Illinois In- 
 fantry (Mulligan's Irish Brigade), at Rich- 
 mond, Va. When the war was over he returned 
 to Warrenville, and in 1866 became traveling 
 salesman for Torrance, Manning & Company, 
 wholesale notion dealers, of Chicago, and at the 
 time of the great fire in 1871, was traveling 
 salesman for J. B. Shay & Company, of Chicago, 
 wholesale dry-goods dealers. In 1872 Mr. Man- 
 ning went into the real estate business, and, in 
 1880, graduated from the Union College of Law, 
 of Chicago, since which time he has been en- 
 gaged In practice of his profession in this city. 
 
 HUGH MARTIN, 
 Chief Engineer, Fourteenth Street Pumping Sta- 
 tion, Chicago, was born in Chicago, January 1, 
 
 1863, and educated in the public schools. After 
 leaving school, he learned the machinist's trade, 
 including engineering on railroads and steam- 
 boats, until he was appointed Chief Engineer of 
 the Cook County Court House, January 1, 1892. 
 He was assigned to the Fourteenth Street 
 Pumping Station, as Assistant Engineer, Feb- 
 ruary 18, 1893, remaining there two years, when 
 he worked for the John Bullen Malting Com- 
 pany, as engineer, for one year, and then for 
 the Citizens' Brewing Company. He returned 
 to the Fourteenth Street Pumping Station July 
 1, 1897, as Chief Engineer, and was transferred 
 to the Sixty-eighth Street Pumping Station May 
 22, 1901, occupying one of the most important 
 positions connected with the City Water Works. 
 In 1904 he is again on duty at the Fourteenth 
 Street Pumping Station. 
 
 Chief Engineer Martin was married to Ellen 
 Keefer on the 26th day of October, 1886, in Chi- 
 cago, and four children have been born to them. 
 
 JOHN H. MARTIN. 
 John H. Martin and his brother, Lawrence T., 
 may well be regarded as among the early pio- 
 neers of the live-stock business of the West, the 
 elder having spent forty-nine years of his long 
 and honorable life therein. He was born at 
 Tweedsmuir, Peebleshire, Scotland, February 
 16, 1833. At the age of sixteen he left the 
 parental roof-tree for Edinburgh, where he 
 learned the trade of a butcher, later entering 
 the service of Sir John Thorold, an English 
 gentleman of rank. In 1853 he crossed the 
 Atlantic, and for about a year carried on busi- 
 ness as a butcher at Cleveland, Ohio, but having 
 secured a more desirable position at Burlington, 
 Iowa, he removed thither in the spring of 1854. 
 In 1860 he and his brother, Lawrence, of whom 
 mention has been already made, formed a part- 
 nership, under the firm name of Martin Broth- 
 ers, for the purchase and shipping of live stock. 
 So well did they succeed that, in 1872, they 
 came to Chicago, locating themselves at the 
 Union Stock Yards. From the first they were 
 exceedingly prosperous, and their business has 
 steadily grown. To its conduct they have 
 brought tireless industry, hard common sense, 
 good judgment and unwavering integrity. Few 
 men are more widely known or more univer- 
 sally esteemed at the Yards than they. On June 
 1, 1898, the name of the firm was changed from 
 Martin Brothers to Martin Brothers & Company. 
 In August, 1857, John H. Martin was married 
 to Helena R. Patterson, at Burlington, Iowa, and 
 they have had eight children, all yet living, and 
 named as follows: Wallace R., James, Lawrence 
 T., Robert P., Isabella, George E., Harvey R., 
 and Lilias R., the last two being twins. 
 
 WILLIAM E. MASON. 
 William Ernest Mason, long a distinguished 
 member of the Chicago Bar and late (1901) 
 United States Senator from Illinois, is, like 
 many other of the eminent sons of his adopted 
 Stale, by birth a New Yorker. He came into the 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 945 
 
 world in Franklinville, Cattaraugus County, in 
 that State, on July 7, 1850. While he was yet 
 a boy his family removed to Bentonsport, Iowa, 
 where he attended the academy. On completing 
 his preliminary training he studied at Birming- 
 ham College, and from 1866 to 1870, followed the 
 vocation of a pedagogue, teaching for two years 
 at Des Moines. It was in that city, also, that 
 he pursued his professional studies in the office 
 of Hon. Thomas F. Withrow, who afterward 
 admitted him into partnership. He came to 
 Chicago in 1872, and for nearly three decades 
 has been prominently identified with public 
 affairs in the city and State. While continu- 
 ously and successfully engaged in the practice 
 of his profession, however, the natural trend of 
 his psychical nature has irresistibly drawn him 
 into the maelstrom of political and public life. 
 
 In 1878 he was elected to the lower house of 
 the General Assembly, and in 1880 to the State 
 Senate. The rare capacity for public affairs 
 which he manifested, no less than his natural 
 gift of oratory, captured for him both popular 
 admiration and respect, and in 1884 he was the 
 regular nominee of the Republicans of the 
 Third Illinois District for Congress. The con- 
 stituency at that time was overwhelmingly of 
 his own political creed, but owing to dissensions 
 in the party's ranks, he was defeated by his 
 Democratic opponent, James H. Ward. In 1886, 
 and again in 1888, he was a successful candi- 
 date for Representative, but in 1890 was once 
 more defeated by a Democrat, Allen C. Dur- 
 borow. In 1894 he was an unsuccessful candi- 
 date for the caucus nomination of his party 
 for the United States Senatorship, but in 1896 
 secured both nomination and election, serving 
 his term of six years, ending March 4, 1903. 
 
 Senator Mason is a man of rare native abil- 
 ity and earnest conviction, but of impulsive 
 temperament. Genial and of quickly sympa- 
 thetic sensibility, he easily makes friends; en- 
 dowed with unswerving fidelity, he rarely loses 
 one. In his public career, fidelity to his con- 
 ceptions of right have weighed more with him 
 than chances of self-advancement, and, at times, 
 he has been charged with lack of party fealty. 
 Such criticisms stir him not at all, knowing, as 
 he does, that the judgment of posterity, like the 
 "fiat of the great Jove," is rarely at fault. 
 
 THOMAS MATHEWS. 
 
 Thomas Mathews (deceased) was born in 
 County West Meath, Ireland, March 23, 1823, 
 the son of Patrick and Ann (Cavin) Mathews, 
 who were natives of the same county, his father 
 being a farmer by occupation. Left an orphan 
 at sixteen years of age, and being the oldest of 
 a family of four children, the responsibility 
 of caring for and educating three younger sis- 
 ters—the youngest at this time being only seven 
 years old — devolved upon him at this early age, 
 imposeing much serious hardship. 
 
 In 1848 Mr. Mathews came to America, arriv- 
 ing on March 30th, and two years later sent for 
 his sisters, whom he placed in a convent. After 
 
 his arrival in America, he found employment on 
 a farm in New York at a compensation of seven 
 dollars per month, but a few months later went 
 to work in the pineries. He there earned 
 enough money to support himself and come to 
 Chicago, where he first engaged as a street 
 laborer. He next bought a team of horses and, 
 in 1849, helped to open Buffalo Street. By 
 economy and hard labor, with the aid of his 
 team during the next two years, he was able to 
 accumulate enough means to make his first in- 
 vestment in real estate, which he did at the 
 corner of Green and Randolph Streets, where 
 he established himself, in a small way, in the 
 grocery and saloon business. This he condnued 
 until 1868, when he turned his attention to real 
 estate, in which he was engaged more or less 
 during the rest of his life, accumulating a con- 
 siderable property. In 1883 he erected a 
 home on Grand Avenue, where he remained four 
 years, when, in 1887, he removed to a house 
 which he had built on West Madison Street, 
 and where he continued to reside until his 
 death, September 17, 1896. During the previ- 
 ous year, on account of failing health, he spent 
 some time at Hot Springs, Ark. 
 
 December 28, 1852, Mr. Mathews was married 
 in the City of Chicago, to Catherine White, 
 who died January 30, 1878. On July 2, 1879, 
 he married, as his second wife, Catherine 
 Lyons, who still survives. In all he had ten 
 children — eight sons and two daughters — of 
 whom seven are still living: Thomas, Harry, 
 John, Joseph, Stephen, Mary V., and Catherine 
 Agnes. Mr. Mathews was a zealous churchman 
 and communicant of the Roman Catholic 
 Church, and in politics uniformly voted the 
 Democratic ticket. He was also a member of 
 Court No. 8, Catholic Order of Foresters. Of 
 genial temperament, he had a large circle of 
 friends, and manifested his benevolent charac- 
 ter by acts of charity for the poor. 
 
 JAMES McCartney. 
 
 James McCartney, lawyer, Chicago, was born 
 of Scotch-Irish parentage in the North of Ire- 
 land, February 14, 1835. His paternal grand- 
 father, James McCartney, was also a native of 
 Ireland, while his mother was descended from a 
 Scotch family by the name of Fife. Mr. McCart- 
 ney's family came to America when he was two 
 years old and, after stopping for a time in Penn- 
 sylvania, removed to Trumbull County, Ohio, 
 where he received a common school and aca- 
 demic education, the latter in attendance on the 
 Western Reserve Seminary at Farmington. 
 Ohio. Subsequently he read law with Judge 
 Matthew Birchard, at Warren, Ohio, but in 
 October, 1857, came to Illinois, settling first at 
 Monmouth, where he commenced practice in 
 partnership with Philo E. Reed. Two years 
 later he removed to Galva, Henry County, re- 
 maining in practice there until the beginning 
 of the Civil War in 1861, when he promptly en- 
 listed as a member of Company D, Seventeenth 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry, of which he was 
 
946 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 commissioned First Lieutenant. Resigning this 
 position in April, 1862, in September following 
 he re-enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and 
 Twelfth Illinois, was commissioned First Lieu- 
 tenant, and became Captain in March, 1863, 
 serving as such to the end of the war, though 
 officiating much of the time as Judge Advocate 
 on court-martials. 
 
 Returning home after the end of the war, he 
 settled at Fairfield, Wayne County, where he 
 continued in the practice of law until January, 
 1881, when, having been elected Attorney-Gen- 
 eral for the State of Illinois, he removed to 
 Springfield, remaining through his term of four 
 years. During the last year of his term, as 
 Attorney-General (18S4) he made the race for 
 Congress on the Republican ticket in the Six- 
 teenth District, and was defeated by only 313 
 votes, although Mr. Cleveland, the Democratic 
 candidate for President, carried the district by 
 l,8u0 majority. After the expiration of his 
 term as Attorney-General, he spent the next two 
 years in the practice of his profession at Spring- 
 field, but. in 1887, removed to Ness City, Kans., 
 where he engaged in the real-estate business, a 
 year later locating at Hutchinson in the same 
 State for the practice of law. In 1890 he re- 
 turned to Illinois and established himself in 
 the practice of his profession in Chicago, his 
 present residence being in Berwyn, a suburb 
 of Chicago. From 1891 to 1894 he was Attorney 
 for the State Board of Health, and later served 
 several years as Attorney for the Lincoln Park 
 Commission. Mr. McCartney was married in 
 1888 to Miss Sarah C. Stadden, at Rock Island, 
 111., and has three children, two sons and a 
 daughter. He defines his religious faith as "be- 
 lief in God"; in politics he is a stalwart 
 Republican. 
 
 SAMUEL G. McCAUSLAND. 
 
 To the hard-headed sense and sturdy physical 
 vigor of its Scotch-Irish immigrants and their 
 descendants, the country owes not a little of 
 its material development. Men of brain and 
 brawn alike, they have been quick to perceive 
 obstacles and equally ready in overcoming them. 
 Of this stock are the McCauslands. The first 
 of the branch of the family, to which Samuel 
 McCausland bt-longs. to settle in America, was 
 his great-great-fjrandfather, William, who, with 
 his family, left the Town of Omagh, County 
 Tyronf. in the north of Irelan.l, because, as 
 sfan'-h Presbyterians, they could not submit 
 their conscience to the English Conformity Act. 
 
 William McCausland bought land from the 
 helr.s of William Penn, in Pequea Township. 
 I^ncaster County. Pa., the estate remaining in 
 the family for four generations, or until the 
 time of John C. McCausland, the father of Sam 
 uel. Several of the family were among the 
 patriots of 1776, who served in Ihe armies of 
 Washington, one carrying the commission of an 
 F^nslgn and another (hat of a Major. 
 
 John C. McCausland removed to West Vir- 
 ginia while hlH children were small, and there, 
 
 in partnership with P. B. and A. D. Cookman, 
 engaged in handling live stock. They drove 
 cattle from West Virginia and Ohio to Phila- 
 delphia and Baltimore, usually starting a drove 
 from 120 to 150 head every two weeks during 
 the summer season. Mr. McCausland remained 
 in the East until the close of the season, in 
 November, attending to the disposition of the 
 cattle. The driver rode on horseback and had 
 two helpers who followed on foot. Tiresome as 
 the trip was, Samuel and his brother, Thomas, 
 then boys of eight and ten years, often accom- 
 panied these caravans, part of the time walking 
 barefoot. Their youthful enthusiasm enabled 
 them to learn rapidly, and at the age of fifteen 
 they themselves became "bosses," in other 
 words, each riding horseback at the head of his 
 own herd. 
 
 Mr. McCausland's father also enjoys the dis- 
 tinction of having been the first Eastern ship- 
 per of cattle by rail. The consignment con- 
 sisted of nine steers, which were loaded on a 
 flat car with slats and without a roof. The load- 
 ing was done by driving them one after an- 
 other, separately, down a chute to the rear of 
 the car, nine cattle constituting a car load. 
 There they stood, separated from each other by 
 a rail partition, undergoing all the discomforts 
 of a ride in winter from Fetterman, West Va. 
 (then the western terminus of the Baltimore & 
 Ohio Railroad) to Baltimore. This was in 
 1854. The first shipment stood the journey 
 fairly well, and brought remunerative prices 
 but the second was quarantined by the health 
 authorities as unfit for food, because of the 
 alleged feverish condition of the animals. In 
 the light of subsequent events there can be lit- 
 tle doubt that this condemnation was prompted 
 by a determination of local feeders and dealers 
 to prevent the importation of cattle at any cost. 
 Be this as it may, this official action effectually 
 ended the incipient industry. 
 
 In 1855 John C. McCausland purchased farm- 
 ing lands in the northern part of Scott County, 
 Iowa, near the present town of McCausland. 
 With the exception of the two boys, Samuel G. 
 and Thomas W., the family made the journey 
 by rail. They, then aged fifteen and thirteen 
 years, respectively, with inborn love of adven- 
 ture and hardship, traveled the eight hundred 
 miles together on horseback. There the father 
 conducted a successful stock farm. His sons 
 assisted him until 1862, when both brothers 
 enlisted in the Twentieth Iowa Infantry, for 
 three years. They were mustered out at Mobile, 
 Ala., in 1865, Samuel as Quartermaster's Ser- 
 geant. Samuel G. McCausland came to Chicago 
 to reside in 1878, and at once embarked in the 
 live-stock commission business at the Union 
 Stock Yards, entering the firm of McCurdy & 
 Heveridge. Scott & McCausland began business 
 in 1880, and since then, death, withdrawals and 
 adiiilssions have caused various changes in the 
 firm name, which is now McCausland, Hoag and 
 Turner. 
 
 Mr. McCausland has never lost his boyish love 
 
HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 947 
 
 for travel and adventure, and, besides visiting 
 all quarters of the United States and Canada, 
 has explored Mexico and Central America. He is 
 the owner of an extensive and valuable interest 
 in Honduras, being the President and one of 
 the principal stockholders in the Central Amer- 
 ican Commercial Company, capitalized at $500,- 
 000, which owns 6,000 acres of land already in 
 process of rapid improvement. Two thousand 
 acres of this land is devoted to the raising of 
 cocoanuts, a thousand acres to bananas and fifty 
 to lemons, and a hundred-acre grove of rubber 
 trees. The company own vessels, plying be- 
 tween Mobile and their plantation, which is 
 located at the mouth of the Black River. In 
 addition, Mr. McCausland is the owner of two 
 well located, well kept farms in Scott County, 
 Iowa, which he devotes to the raising of cattle 
 and hogs. 
 
 He was married in November, 1893, to Miss 
 Mary A. Woods, of Lancaster County, Pa. The 
 farms of the two families had been adjacent. 
 Both properties were purchased from the Penn 
 heirs about the same time, and the Woods estate 
 has remained in the family for one hundred and 
 ninety years. A son and a daughter have been 
 born to them: John Woods and Anna Catherine. 
 
 Mr. McCausland is a charter member of Lin- 
 coln Post, Grand Army of the Republic, as well 
 as of the Chicago Live Stock Exchange, and is 
 now serving his third term of three years in the 
 directorate, of the last named organization. 
 Politically he is a Republican. 
 
 JOSEPH A. Mccormick, 
 
 Captain on Engine No. 79, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Chicago, March 19, 1864, edu- 
 cated in the Chicago public schools, and after 
 leaving school engaged in the painting business. 
 Later he went west to Seattle and Tacoma, 
 Wash., but returning on March 29, 1885, joined 
 the Chicago Fire Department and was assigned 
 to Chemical No. 2. He was afterwards succes- 
 sively transferred to Engines 1, 32 and 4; was 
 promoted to Lieutenant December 31, 1889, and 
 assigned to Engine 22; was transferred to En- 
 gine 27, June 24, 1891; promoted to Captain, 
 April 15, 1893, and assigned to Engine 9; was 
 transferred to Engine 33, August 3, 1893, and to 
 Engine 42, July 25, 1896. In 1904 he remains on 
 duty serving on Engine 79. 
 
 Captain McCormick was at the cold storage 
 fire on the World's Fair grounds, July 10, 1893, 
 doing duty on Engine 9, and was honorary pall- 
 bearer at the funeral of the firemen killed at 
 that fire and one of the pall-bearers at the fun- 
 eral of Capt. John Fitzpatrick, who died from 
 Injuries received at the same fire. August 3, 
 1887, at the Box Factory fire on Goose Island, 
 he was taken out for dead, being overcome by 
 heat, but recovered after being laid up two 
 weeks. He stopped a runaway horse and saved 
 the life of a boy in front of Company 4's quar- 
 ters, for which he received honorable mention; 
 also had many other narrow escapes and as- 
 sisted in several rescues. Captain McCormick 
 
 was married in Chicago, August 4, 1887, to Bar- 
 bara Windbiel, and four children have blessed 
 this union: Mabel, Irene, Joseph and Helen. 
 
 ANDREW J. Mcdonald. 
 
 Andrew J. McDonald, contractor, builder and 
 inventor, and also soldier, was born in East 
 Point, Prince Edward Island, October 15, 1840, 
 went to Boston with his parents in 1845, and 
 remained there until they removed to New York 
 City in 1850, where he remained until he came 
 to Chicago in 1855. Here he worked at the car- 
 penter's trade for two years, and then went to 
 Milwaukee, Wis., and there engaged in the real- 
 estate and building trade. During the Civil 
 War he enlisted as private in the First Wiscon- 
 sin Cavalry, was elected Lieutenant and Quar- 
 termaster, and later promoted to Captain, and 
 transferred to the Seventeenth Wisconsin In- 
 fantry, finally receiving his discharge in 1864 
 on account of sickness, when he again engaged 
 in the building business. Coming to Chicago in 
 1870, he engaged in the real-estate business and 
 building, and in 1873 built the brick block on 
 West Madison Street, known as the McDonald 
 Building, which was the means of starting 
 other building enterprises in that locality. He 
 was the inventor of the first pneumatic-air rail- 
 road brake ever built, and also devised many 
 improvements in steam-boilers, having received 
 from the United States Patent Office sixty-seven 
 patents on his different inventions in three 
 years. He has built three factories and railroad 
 supply depots, and has done his part well to 
 make Chicago and Cook County the wonder of 
 the world as a manufacturing and industrial 
 center. 
 
 CHARLES B. McDONALD. 
 
 The combination of genius with industry — 
 as rare as it is fortunate — is one which rarely 
 fails of success when united to energy and a 
 high moral sense. The man thus endowed 
 aims high; and while he may not always attain 
 his ideals, he usually accomplishes not a little 
 for himself while he makes his impress felt 
 upon the world around him. This has been the 
 case with Mr. Charles A. McDonald, soldier, 
 mechanic, inventor and manufacturer. Mr. Mc- 
 Donald was born near Frederickton, N. B., Jan- 
 uary 22, 1848, but while yet a mere child, his 
 parents removed to Will County, 111., settling at 
 Joliet. He was educated in the Joliet public 
 schools, and subsequently received a training 
 for business in the Bryant & Stratton College at 
 Chicago. At the outbreak of the Civil War he 
 enlisted in Company F, Sixty-fourth Illinois In- 
 fantry, and served with gallantry until the close 
 of the war. 
 
 After being discharged from the army in 1865, 
 Mr. McDonald came to Chicago, where he served 
 an apprenticeship of about four years at the 
 tinner's trade. For a time he worked as a jour- 
 neyman for Frank Sturges & Company, and 
 later entered the employ of the Chicago Stamp- 
 ing Company, remaining with the latter eight 
 
948 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 years, during the last two being foreman of the 
 shops. In the summer of 1879 he accepted the 
 superintendency of the tin factory of Armour 
 & Company, one of the largest and most com- 
 plete plants of its kind in the West, employing 
 three hundred hands and having an annual out- 
 put of 25.000.000 cans. While with Armour & 
 Company his inventive genius devised many im- 
 provements in the process of manufacture, 
 among them being a new method of soldering 
 cans, as well as many automatic machines. For 
 the manufacture of these for the trade, he has 
 organized the McDonald Machine Company, of 
 which his son, Charles D. McDonald is man- 
 ager, and which does a large and lucrative busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Mr. McDonald was married February 20, 1870, 
 to Miss Willempa Coleman, and five of their 
 six children are yet living. Mr. McDonald has 
 resided in England since December, 1882. 
 
 JOHN McGLASHAN. 
 John McGlashan (deceased), pioneer and 
 early Board of Trade dealer, Chicago. The 
 memory of the early Chicago pioneers, the 
 men of brawn and brain, whose earnestness of 
 purpose and resoluteness of will laid broad and 
 deep the foundation of the present great 
 metropolis, deserves to be perpetuated upon 
 lasting brass. Self-reliant, mutually helpful, 
 patient under privation, courageous in the face 
 of defeat and tireless in energy, they may be 
 called the exemplars of the generations which 
 followed them. To this class belonged the late 
 John McGlashan, who, born in Perthshire, Scot- 
 land, in September, 1815, and educated in the 
 schools of Edinburgh, crossed the ocean at the 
 age of twenty years and settled at Chicago in 
 1835. His first business venture was as a 
 market gardener, his land lying around the 
 point where Twenty-second Street crosses the 
 South Branch, near the present McGlashan 
 Street. He next embarked in the lumber busi- 
 ness, but in 1865 became a member of the Board 
 of Trade, and thereafter devoted himself to the 
 handling of grain. His place of residence at 
 that time was at the intersection of Vincennes 
 Avenue and Forty-seventh Street. In his day 
 he was one of Chicago's largest shippers of 
 grain and provisions to the East and to Great 
 Britain, Tobey & Booth and H. Milward & Com- 
 pany being his only rivals. In 1849 he married 
 Miss Jessie Guthrie of Chicago, who bore him 
 one child. John, Jr. Mr. McGlashan died Aug- 
 ust 11. 187.'^. one of the city's leading and most 
 esteemed business men, deeply mourned by 
 the many friends whom he had made by his 
 kindly disposition, no less than by his blame- 
 less life. His widow survived him until De- 
 cember 24, 1898. 
 
 PATRICK McGRATH. 
 Patrick McGrath, born in Bailyfinch. County 
 Down. Ireland, May 13. 1839. was educated in 
 Ihf public Hchof)lK, and came to this country 
 with hlH parents In October. 184fi. After spend- 
 Ihk two years In Albany, N. Y., they mf)ved on 
 
 to a farm near Johnstown, Fulton County, N. 
 Y., remaining there two years, then removing 
 to Beaver Dam, Dodge County, Wis. Here the 
 subject of this sketch remained until Novem- 
 ber, 1861, when he enlisted in the Seventeenth 
 Regiment Wisconsin Infantry; was promoted to 
 Second Lieutenant at Benton Barracks, Mo., 
 in March, 1862; to First Lieutenant at Lake 
 Providence, La., in February, 1863, and to Cap- 
 tain at Marietta, Ga., in November, 1864. He 
 served through the campaigns of the Army of- 
 the Tennessee, participating in the battles of 
 Corinth, luka, Hatchie, Tallahatchie, Siege of 
 Vicksburg, Champion Hills, Big Black and the 
 Atlantic campaign. After being mustered out, 
 January 25, 1865, he came to Chicago, served 
 on the Board of Public Works for three years, 
 then in the Register's department in the Chi- 
 cago Postoffice, and later was elected County 
 Agent of Cook County, serving in that capacity 
 for two years; also served as Court Clerk for 
 one year, and then as Clerk of the Superior 
 Court for two terms, after which he entered 
 the printing business. Mr. McGrath married 
 Katherine Egan, in Fond du Lac, Wis., in 
 November, 1866, and they are the parents of 
 seven children, six of whom are now living. 
 
 JEREMIAH McKEE, 
 Superintendent Rock Island Elevators A and 
 B, Chicago, was born in Kingston, Canada, in 
 1844, the son of John and Susan (Cousins) 
 McKee, both natives of Belfast. Ireland, and 
 who reared a family of eight children, viz.: 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas McGratten; 
 Alexander, of Chicago; Mary Ann, married 
 James Choren and died in December, 1900; 
 Susannah, who became the wife of Robert Arm- 
 strong of Mountain Grove, Canada; Jeremiah, 
 the subject of this sketch; Thomas, also of 
 Chicago; Rose Ellen, the wife of Nathan Cam- 
 eron, Chicago; and Margaret, the wife of John 
 McGowen, of Canada. The father died in 1887 
 and the mother in 1886. 
 
 Jeremiah McKee came to Chicago in 1861 
 and, for some years, was engaged in tallying 
 grain on lake boats or delivering groceries 
 sold in wholesale lots to farmers in the coun- 
 try; then became weighman and, later, fore- 
 man for two years of Elevator A, with which 
 he is now connected, in May, 1900, being ad- 
 vanced to his present position at the head of 
 both Elevators A and B. Elevator A was 
 built in 1882 with a capacity of 1,250,000 bushels 
 and Elevator B in 1870 with a capacity of 
 850,000 bushels— both being erected by the 
 Rock Island Railway Company. They are pro- 
 vided with up-to-date machinery and are cap- 
 able of handling 250 cars daily. The larger 
 employs sixteen men and the smaller ten to 
 fourteen. 
 
 In 1872 Mr. McKee married Miss Catherine 
 McGratten, of Chicago, and four sons and two 
 daughters have been born to them: George 
 Thomas, born September 27, 1873. is now weigh- 
 man In the Rock Island Elevators; Walter W.. 
 born In 1875, Is trackman under his father; 
 
HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 949 
 
 Albert A., born in 1878, is a grocer in Chicago; 
 Susan, born in 1881; Leroy L., born in 1885, 
 now a student in college; and Mabel, born July 
 16, 1895. Mr. McKee is a member of the 
 Knights of Honor, attends the Congregational 
 Church and votes the Republican ticket. 
 
 MICHAEL McKIERNAN, 
 Captain Engine No. 51, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Ireland, March 17, 1858; 
 came to Cleveland, Ohio, May 29, 1875, and to 
 Chicago in October 1877, where he worked at 
 the Stock Yards until 1883. He joined the Chi- 
 cago Fire Department October 3, 1883, and was 
 assigned to Hook and Ladder Company No. 
 4; was transferred to Truck 5, October 9, 1883, 
 and appointed a member of the department, 
 December 28, 1883. His other changes and 
 transfers included to Engine 23, in 1884; to 
 Engine 6; promoted to Lieutenant, August 11. 
 1888, and assigned to Engine No. 2; promoted 
 to Captain December 31, 1892, and assigned 
 to Engine 51. He has had . numerous narrow 
 escapes but has not had any bones broken; 
 is always ready for any emergency, where 
 duty calls. He was married in Chicago on May 
 15, 1884, to Sarah McAllister, and eight children 
 have been born to them, six of whom are now 
 living. 
 
 GEORGE F. Mcknight. 
 
 George F. McKnight, member of the Illinois 
 Board of Equalization, was born in Buffalo, 
 N. y., March 9, 1837, the son of George and 
 Susanna (Wheeler) McKnight. The father was 
 of Scotch descent, born in Massachusetts, and 
 was by occupation a packer of beef and pork. 
 Mrs. McKnight married, in 1847, James W. 
 Sanford, who was for many years one of the 
 best-known steamboat men on the lakes, and 
 after his retirement from this occupation, en- 
 gaged in the real-estate business, and at the 
 time of his death (1895) was the oldest real- 
 estate dealer in Buffalo. 
 
 Captain George F. McKnight did not have the 
 advantages of an academic or collegiate train- 
 ing. His education was limited mainly to the 
 English branches as taught at public school' 
 No. 6 in his native city of Buffalo. His first 
 occupation after leaving school was as check 
 clerk on the docks at Buffalo. Later he became 
 steamboat clerk on the lakes, for the then 
 celebrated Troy & Erie Line of boats, and af- 
 terwards had employment in the same capacity 
 for the Buffalo & Cleveland Steamboat Com- 
 pany. After leaving this service he spent three 
 years in an engineering corps employed in the 
 enlargement of the Erie Canal in the State of 
 New York. From 1858 until the outbreak of 
 the Civil War he was employed in a clerical 
 capacity in the wholesale leather house of John 
 M. Hutchinson, in Buffalo. Incidentally it may 
 be mentioned that from 1857 to 1861 he served 
 as a member of the Buffalo Volunteer Fire De- 
 partment. 
 
 Mr. McKnight's health had never been ro- 
 bust, but when the call for volunteers to de- 
 
 fend the old flag came, in 1861, he became fired 
 with patriotic ardor and determined to give 
 his services to his country. He enlisted in 
 Battery G, First New York Light Artillery, 
 known as "Frank's Battery." On March 3, 
 1863, he was commissioned Captain and as- 
 signed to the command of the Twelfth New 
 York Independent Battery, Light Artillery. In 
 this capacity he served until the close of the 
 war, when he was honorably discharged in the 
 City of Washington, D. C. From the close of 
 the Civil War until 1869 he was engaged in 
 the oil business in the city of New York. In 
 the year last mentioned he came to Chicago 
 and engaged in the Fire Insurance business, 
 in which he continued successfully until 1879, 
 when he organized the Lake Gas Company, of 
 which he was made Treasurer, Secretary and 
 General Manager, continuing as such until 
 1888, when he became interested in the iron 
 business and later in the real-estate business. 
 
 Captain McKnight has always been interested 
 in politics, and in the later years of his life 
 has been very active in furthering the inter- 
 ests of the Republican party. It is but natural 
 that this ardent devotion to the principles of 
 his party should have been duly recognized. 
 The late Governor Richard Oglesby being not 
 only an astute politician but likewise a good 
 judge of the respective merits of men, saw in 
 Captain McKnight a man who would be val- 
 uable to the State in one of the most important 
 positions under the gubernatorial dispensation. 
 A vacancy occurring in the Board of Equaliza- 
 tion, Captain McKnight was appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Oglesby to fill this vacancy and thus, for ■ 
 the first time, became a public official. He has 
 since been three times elected to the same 
 office, his present term extending to 1905. This 
 continued succession to the same important 
 position is perhaps the best comment that could 
 be offered as to the manner in which the dif- 
 ficult duties of the office have been discharged. 
 On the annexation of the Town of Lake to the 
 City of Chicago, in June, 1889, Captain Mc- 
 Knight was elected Alderman of the Thirty- 
 first Ward, one of the first two Aldermen from 
 that ward, and upon the expiration of this term 
 he was re-elected. He is a member of the 
 Thirty-first Ward Republican Club, and has 
 been a delegate to almost every city, county 
 or State convention held since 1889. 
 
 Captain McKnight is a member of the Grand 
 Army of the Republic, of the Army of the Po- 
 tomac Society and of the National Union So- 
 ciety. He has traveled extensively in a busi- 
 ness capacity throughout the length and 
 breadth of the country, is a man of courteous 
 bearing, genial temperament and extensive in- 
 formation on the leading topics of the times. 
 He has been a member of the Home Club of 
 Englewood since its organization; and of the 
 Illinois Club for many years. He was married, 
 October 22, 1863, to Miss Caroline G. Case 
 daughter of Capt. Lyman and Rebecca (Rug- 
 gles) Case and grand-daughter of Judge Almon 
 Ruggles of Ohio. Capt. Case was for many 
 
950 
 
 HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 years one of the most prominent steamboat 
 and vessel commanders on the lakes. He was 
 a thorough disciplinarian whose authority was 
 ever tempered with righteous judgment — a con- 
 sistent Christian in whom all men trusted. 
 Judge Ruggles, an early pioneer of the West- 
 ern Reserve, possessed many rare qualities of 
 heart and mind, conspicuous among which was 
 a true conception of man's relation and duty 
 to man. This fact gave him prominence as a 
 promoter of the cause of abolition of American 
 slavery, the achievement of which called forth 
 such determined energy throughout the "West- 
 ern Reserve." 
 
 Captain and Mrs. McKnight have but one 
 child, Sanford C. McKnight, who has attained 
 his majority, is a young man of exemplary 
 habits and who gives promise of succeeding 
 worthily to the standing and position achieved 
 by his father. 
 
 JAMES H. McMAHON, 
 Ex-Captain, Fire Patrol No. 1, Chicago, was 
 born in Chicago, August 7, 1848, was educated 
 at the Jones School, and after leaving school, 
 worked for the Western Insurance Company, 
 for eight years; joined Fire Patrol No. 1, in 
 May, 1872, remaining there two years; then 
 joined the Chicago Fire Department on En- 
 gine No. 1, as pipeman, serving for one year, 
 when he returned to the Fire Patrol and was 
 made Lieutenant of Patrol No. 2 at its organiza- 
 tion in 1874. Three months later he was pro- 
 moted to Captain and transferred to Patrol 
 No. 1, there remaining until October, 1884, 
 when he resigned and went into partnership 
 with B. B. BuUwinkle, in the teaming business 
 at 48 Custom House Place. Later he bought 
 out Mr. Bullwinkle's interest and changed the 
 teaming business into the livery business, in 
 which he is at present, as member of the firm 
 of McMahon Brothers, at 46 Custom House 
 Place, ready to serve his customers with his 
 usual promptness and courtesy. While patrol- 
 man he had many narrow escapes, but was al- 
 ways ready when duty called and never sus- 
 tained any serious injuries. Mr. McMahon was 
 married to Miss Mary Morgan in Chicago, in 
 1878, and four children have blessed this union. 
 
 THOMAS McMANNON, 
 Lieutenant Engine Company No. 1, Chicago 
 Fire Department, was born in County Mayo, 
 Ireland, June 22, 1867, and educated in the 
 district schools. After leaving school, he came 
 to America in 1885, and reaching Chicago, 
 worked in brick-yards and malt-houses until 
 Jime 17, 1892, when he joined the Ii ire Depart- 
 nipnt. being assigned to Engine 18; was trans- 
 ferred to Truck 14, January 15, 1894; to ii;ngine 
 No. ]. December 31, 1897, and promoted to Lieu- 
 tenant, October 1, 1900. He was in the great 
 lumber Are of AiiguBt 1, 1895, when two fire- 
 men narrowly escaped being surrounded by fire 
 In an allfv, while i..leutenanl John McOinn, of 
 fhf r-'lre-boat "fifyspr." was fatally burned. 
 Though rescued by Lieutenant McMannon act- 
 
 ing under orders of Marshal James Heany, 
 Lieutenant McGinn died two hours later at the 
 County Hospital. Lieutenant McMannon was 
 severely burned while trying to save the life 
 of his comrades. He also had a close call at 
 a State and Maaison Street fire, being taken out 
 of the basement in an unconscious condition, 
 but recovered in about an hour. Lieutenant Mc- 
 Mannon was married in Chicago, September 8, 
 1898, to Miss Annie Casey, who died March 30, 
 1899. 
 
 MICHAEL T. McNAMARA, 
 Lieutenant, Hook and Ladder No. 20, Chicago 
 Fire Department, was born in Cold Springs, 
 Putnam County, N. Y., January 17, 1847; came 
 with his parents from New York City to Chi- 
 cago in 1856, and was educated in St. Mary's 
 School, the Moseley public school, and the 
 Condon Parochial School, at Polk and Sherman 
 Streets. After leaving school he worked in 
 the Illinois Central Railroad blacksmith shop 
 at Welden Station, running a trip-hammer for 
 his father; was next engaged at the Michigan 
 Southern Stock Yards, Twenty-second and 
 Clark Streets, and, when the Union Stock Yards 
 were opened in 1865, continued work there un- 
 til 1870. He then worked in the Chicago, Rock 
 Island & Pacific blacksmith shop, and later at 
 Boomer's Bridge Works. He joined the Chi- 
 cago Fire Department, June 1, 1872, commenc- 
 ing as truckman on Hook and Ladder Com- 
 pany No. 1, at Twenty-second Street and Went- 
 worth Avenue, and remained there seven 
 months, when, in December, 1872, he was trans- 
 ferred to Truck 4; was promoted to Lieutenant 
 January 1, 1885, transferred to Engine 8, Jan- 
 uary 1, 1891; to Truck 20. June 30, 1892, and to 
 Engine 82, January 8, 1902. He assisted in the 
 rescue of a man and woman at a fire in Lloyd's 
 Hotel, at Polk and Clark Streets, under the 
 command of Captain Pazen, in 1872. and on 
 July 14, 1874, carried a woman down a 45- 
 foot ladder at 525 Clark Street while on Truck 
 4, under the command of Captain George Ran. 
 At the burning of the Singer Building, corner 
 of State and Washington Streets, he rescued 
 the body of George Dudley, an ex-member of 
 the Chicago Fire Department, found on the 
 fifth floor suffocated. At the same fire he as- 
 sisted in the rescue of John Flannigan, Pipe- 
 man of Engine 18, and Lieutenant Chanfrau of 
 Engine 6, from the debris where they lay in- 
 jured by the falling tank from the roof. He 
 served at all the fires during the World's Fair 
 tinder First Assistant Chief Musham and Mar- 
 shals Murphy. O'Malley and Kenyon. At the 
 Cold Storage fire, although on furlough, seeing 
 the danger the firemen were exposed to, he re- 
 ported to Marshal Murphy, and was ordered to 
 raise the World's Fair Truck, then under the 
 command of Capt. Robert Palmer, to the roof, 
 which he ascended and, after having gone on 
 the roof about 40 feet to rescue the bodies of 
 the firemen confined In the debris from the 
 falling tower, was compelled to make a quick 
 retreat to save his own life, as the fire was 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 951 
 
 then bursting out of all the windows fieneath. 
 He has had many narrow escapes, one of which 
 was on the morning Daniel Hartnett, driver of 
 Truck 4, was killed at the corner of Twenty- 
 second and State Streets. Lieutenant McNa- 
 mara handled the tiller until the runaway team 
 was brought under control without a driver. 
 Under Lieutenant Kenyon he was ordered to 
 get a chemical line of hose out to the fire on 
 a wood barge in the river north of Twenty- 
 second Street bridge, near Grove Street, and 
 while obeying this order the rope tied to the 
 barge was cut, letting truckman McNamara 
 down into the water, but he swam to a way- 
 ward boat, and then returning extinguished the 
 fire. He has had honorable mention of merit 
 in General Orders No. 10, of 1882; No. 4, of 
 1887; No. 7, of 1887; No. 7, of 1888, and No. 11, 
 of 1889. He is still ready for any emergency 
 where duty calls. Lieutenant McNamara was 
 married to Miss Mary Kircher in Chicago, Sep- 
 tember 4, 1865, and eight children have been 
 born to them, six of whom are now living, 
 viz.: Margaret, now Mrs. Petrie; Amelia, now 
 Mrs. Hartney; Nellie, late Mrs. Millard (de- 
 ceased), Elizabeth, Sarah and Edward. Mrs. 
 McNamara passed away February 19, 1900. 
 Anna, the first born, died in infancy. 
 
 PAUL WHEELER McWHORTER. 
 
 Col. Paul Wheeler McWhorter was born July 
 4, 1841, in the southern part of Waukesha town- 
 ship, Waukesha County, Wis. His father, Will- 
 iam McWhorter, was a native of Salem, Wash- 
 ington County, N. Y., where he was a farmer 
 and leading citizen. Of Scotch descent, the 
 father was noted for his patriotism and pub- 
 lic spirit. He married Julia Anna Wheeler, 
 daughter of Paul Wheeler (after whom the Col- 
 onel was named), all of whom were born in 
 Washington County, N. Y., of English descent. 
 Colonel McWhorter received a common school 
 education and worked on his father's farm un- 
 til August 20, 1862, when he enlisted as a pri- 
 vate soldier in Company G, Twenty-eighth Wis- 
 consin Volunteer Infantry. His military serv- 
 ice covered a period of about four and one- 
 half years, during which time he was promoted 
 to the various ranks for meritorious service, 
 until he attained the rank of Colonel and com- 
 manded a brigade in the field. He was mus- 
 tered out of service at Little Rock, Ark., where 
 he located and soon after bought out the Lit- 
 tle Rock Wood Company, in which he was a 
 stockholder. A year later he sold out to But- 
 ler, Cady & Gebo, lumber merchants. 
 
 In the social affairs of Little Rock Colonel 
 McWhorter occupied a prominent place. Polit- 
 ically he took an active part in the organiza- 
 tion of the Republican party and was assistant 
 Adjutant General on the staff of General Powell 
 Clayton when the latter was Governor of 
 Arkansas. He read law with Judge Orval Jen- 
 nings, United States District Attorney, was ad- 
 mitted to the bar and settled in Arkadelphia, 
 Clark County, Ark., where he successfully prac- 
 ticed his profession in the Eighth Judicial Cir- 
 
 cuit, and where he became prominent as a Re- 
 publican politician. He was elected Chairman 
 of the Clark County Central Committee and 
 was a delegate to the Congressional Convention 
 which nominated the Hon. Thomas Bowles for 
 Congress, and in whose behalf he made a gal- 
 lant and successful campaign. Colonel Mc- 
 Whorter spent the winter of 1871-72 in Wash- 
 ington, D. C, on the editorial staff of Gen. Hor- 
 ace Capron, Commissioner of Agriculture. He 
 declined the position of Attorney General of 
 Dakota Territory, and in June, 1872, settled in 
 Chicago. 
 
 Retiring from the active practice of law, 
 he engaged in the real-estate business, and a 
 few years later bought a farm in the southern 
 part of Cook County, to which he moved and 
 devoted his time to the raising of Hamble- 
 tonian trotting horses and Short Horn cattle, 
 owning some of the finest specimens of stock 
 in the State. He located Jay Gould's extension 
 of the Wabash System, through which he be- 
 came personally acquainted with Gould, A. L. 
 Hopkins, First Vice-President Solon Humph- 
 reys, and many other prominent railroad men. 
 He was a Director and Vice-President of the C. 
 E. & W. Ry. Co., General Manager of the Chi- 
 cago Fair and Trotting Breeders' Association, 
 General Manager of an iron car company, 
 President of the Smith's Steel Car Company, 
 and President of the Peacock Silver Mining 
 Company, a well equipped dividend-paying 
 mine of Secora County, N. M. He was also the 
 projector of the Waukesha Beach electric line 
 and was active in promoting the electric line 
 from Milwaukee to Waukesha, besides being 
 interested in' many manufacturing enterprises, 
 gold and copper mines, steamboat companies, 
 etc. 
 
 Colonel McWhorter was also a great polit- 
 ical student, firm and reliable in the Republican 
 faith, particularly interested and active in na- 
 tional affairs, but entirely independent of of- 
 fice or political favors, having twice refused 
 to allow his name to be used as a candidate 
 for Congress or any other office. He is a man 
 of strong moral character, never has used to- 
 bacco in any form nor liquor as a beverage. 
 He was one of the founders and a Trustee of 
 the Anti-Cigarette League, and the American 
 Flag Day Association. Socially he is a mem- 
 ber of the Grand Army of the Republic, the 
 Union Veteran Legion, and the Loyal Legion. 
 In religion he was a Presbyterian, attending 
 the Church of Dr. Dwight N. Hillis. A man of 
 great ambition and decision of character, cour- 
 ageous and energetic, he was an exemplary 
 citizen whose highest business ambition was 
 the development of worthy enterprises and a 
 betterment of the conditions of his fellow men. 
 
 EDWARD L. McWILLIAMS. 
 Edward L. McWilliams, live-stock agent. Bal- 
 timore & Ohio Railroad Company, Union Stock 
 Yards, Chicago, was born in Turner, 111.. July 
 9, 1865, was educated in the public schools, and 
 after leaving school, commenced work at the 
 
952 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Union Stock Yards for R. S. Gough, Manager 
 of the Western Union Telegraph Company, still 
 later being employed by Mr. Gough who had 
 accepted the agency of the Mutual Union Tel- 
 egraph Company, remaining in each place one 
 year. In August, 1882, he accepted a position 
 with H. W. Getz, live-stock agent for the Bal- 
 timore & Ohio Railroad Company, where he 
 remained until July 1, ISyi, when Mr. Getz 
 having been promoted to the local agency, Mr. 
 McWiiliams was appointed his successor, which 
 position U904) he still retains. His long serv- 
 ice for this company is proof that he is the 
 "right man in the right place." He has a 
 host of friends among his employers, ship- 
 pers and his associates. He was married in 
 Iowa City, Sept. 24, 1896, to Miss Alice A. 
 Close, and they have one child. 
 
 MARTIN MERGANTHALER, 
 Captain Engine No. 72, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Chicago, May 17, 1852, and 
 educated in the Mosley public school and a 
 German school. After leaving school he worked 
 in a barber ship in the Matteson House, black- 
 ing boots; later learned the carpenters' trade 
 and worked at that until he joined the Fire 
 Department, January 18, 1875, on Engine No. 
 1; was transferred to Truck 4; March 15, 1876, 
 to Engine 2; Auixust 1, 1S7(5, to hngine b, as 
 pipeman; promoted to Lieutenant December 
 31. 1884, and assigned to Engine 9; promoted 
 to Captain, December 31, 1889, and assigned to 
 Engine 47; and transferred to Engine 72, Sep- 
 tember 14, 1897, where (1904) he is ready for 
 any duty that falls to the lot of a brave fireman. 
 
 Captain Merganthaler was present at the 
 Cold Storage fire of July 10, 1893, and rescued 
 his driver just before the walls of the building 
 fell out on Stony Island Avenue; also had a 
 close call at the last World's Fair fire, July 6, 
 1894. in which his company, having been caught 
 between the Electricity and Mines buildings, 
 lost nearly all their hose, but by joining hands 
 succeeded in rescuing each other and saving 
 their apparatus. Except for the foresight of 
 Captain Gillespie, of Engine 72, who gave the 
 warning, all of Company 47 would have per- 
 ished. October 22, 1899. in a fire at 9138 Com- 
 mercial Avenue, the members of Engine No. 
 72 were caught, having two lines out. Captain 
 Merganthaler was on the roof of the livery 
 stable when Truckman Rippey called to him, 
 and he crawled out on his hands and knees, 
 thereby saving his life as the roof caved in 
 Immediately after his escape. The company 
 lost their hose and pipe. 
 
 Captain Merganthaler was married in Chi- 
 cago. January 28, 1873. to Miss Elizabeth 
 Schradcr. and ten children — three boys and 
 seven girls — were born to them. The seven 
 girls are now living, and are named Martha. 
 Mftmle, Lillian, Julia. Joxie. Gertie and Cecilia. 
 
 EDWARD J. MEYER. 
 Edward J. Meyer, merchant and Postmaster. 
 DesI'lalneH, Cook County, 111., was born in 
 
 New York in 1862, of mixed German and Irish 
 ancestry — his father, August Meyer, being a na- 
 tive of Germany, while his mother, Katie (Mul- 
 len) Meyer, was born in Ireland. Mr. Meyer 
 was educated in the common schools of Des- 
 Plaines, and on May 17, 1888, was married to 
 Augusta Geils at Arlington Heights. They 
 have three children: E. J. Walter, Myrtle and 
 Lighton. Mr. Meyer has been engaged in the 
 mercantile business for a number of years, and 
 on October 9, 1897, was appointed Postmaster 
 of the Village of DesPlaines; has also been 
 Treasurer of DesPlaines since 1894. 
 
 BRICE F. MILLER, 
 
 Assistant Engineer, Engine No. 42, Chicago 
 Fire Department, was born in De Pere, Wis., 
 June 25, 1867; educated in the public schools, 
 and after leaving school found employment in 
 the steam forge works at De Pere, and later 
 in a pail factory. He next became a sailor on 
 the lakes in different steamboats, and still 
 later a brakeman on the Wisconsin Central 
 Railroad, also on the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul Railroad, and tnen for eight years 
 was engaged in steamboating in the summer, 
 and in the winters worked for the Standard Oil 
 Company, boiler and tank making, until he 
 joined the Fire Department, January 4, 1897, 
 working first in the repair shop, and as As- 
 sistant Engineer of Engine No. 69, February 
 9, 1897; and was transferred to Engine 42, 
 April 15, 1897. He has had many close calls 
 but sustained no serious injuries. Mr. Miller 
 was married to Miss Effie M. Wheeler in Chi- 
 cago, January 5, 1898. 
 
 CHARLES H. MILLER. 
 
 A long and useful life, based upon high and 
 noble principles and animated by kindly im- 
 pulses, which has been faithfully devoted to 
 industry and directed to the discharge of every 
 duty and resposibility, may justly be regard- 
 ed as a successful life, without question of pe- 
 cuniary results. If a fair share of this world's 
 goods fall to such a man, how much more 
 his worth is determined by his increased ca- 
 pacity of good and cheer. Under such a search- 
 light Mr. Miller may be pronounced a success- 
 ful man in the best sense of the word. He 
 has held honorable positions, has faithfully 
 done his duty wherever placed, and retains tlie 
 respect and confidence of all who know him. 
 
 Mr. Miller is a native of the city of New 
 York, where he was born June 9. 1829. and 
 where he was educated in the city schools. 
 When he became his own master, he drifted 
 to the West, and locating in Carroll County, 
 Ohio, soon found a standing place among the 
 bright and capable young men of that region. 
 For two years he filled the position of Deputy 
 Clerk of the County Court under Clerk W. R. 
 Lloyd. At the expiration of that period he 
 turned his attention to mercantile activities, 
 and for some years was employed as a clerk 
 in the dry goods store of James Huston, at 
 Carrollton, Ohio, and later in a store at Pitts- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 953 
 
 burg. In 1856 he sought out-of-doors employ- 
 ment, and engaged to work as a conductor on 
 the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In this 
 great industry he developed unexpected abil- 
 ity, and his worth was recognized by his ap- 
 pointment the following year as Freight Agent 
 for the road at Alliance, Ohio. In 1860 he was 
 made train despatcher at Crestline, Ohio, a 
 position he held for eight years. Mr. Miller 
 came to Chicago, March 5, 1868, to continue 
 in the service of the Pennsylvania Company as 
 their live-stock agent in the city, and in this 
 field he has displayed executive abilities of a 
 high order. He is still with the company 
 with which he connected himself forty-five 
 years ago, and is regarded in railroad circles as 
 one of the most capable men in the service. 
 Mr. Miller was married at Carrollton, Ohio, 
 January 11, 1855, to Miss Caroline Jackson. 
 Mrs. Miller is an accomplished lady of many 
 charms and graces, and has become the mother 
 of four children: Ada, Carrie, Frank and Fan- 
 nie. The home circle is an endearing spot, 
 and Mr. Miller finds much delight in his domes- 
 tic relations. 
 
 CHARLES S. MILLER. 
 Charles S. Miller, Factory Superintendent, 
 River View, Cook County, 111., was born in Bal- 
 timore, Mid., October j.7, 1863, of German de- 
 scent, both his parents (William and Mary 
 Miller) having been born in Germany in 1824. 
 After acquiring a rudimentary education in the 
 schools of his native city, at the age of sixteen 
 he entered into the employment of the Stieff 
 Piano Works, remaining five years. He then 
 went to New York and was in the employ of 
 Colby & Duncan two years. Decker & Son a 
 year and a half, and with George Woods & 
 Sons (Boston) for a short time. In 1889 he 
 came to Chicago and spent six years in the em- 
 ployment of the W. W. Kimball Company, 
 piano manufacturers; then went to Auburn, N. 
 Y., where he spent a year with Wegman & 
 Co. Returning to Chicago, on January 1, 1897, 
 he assumed the position of General Superin- 
 tendent of the Schaeffer Piano Manufacturing 
 Company, where he has ever since remained, 
 and is credited with having been the means of 
 more than doubling the output of the company 
 during his connection with it. On May 18, 
 1887, Mr. Miller was married to Miss Hannah 
 Pepper of the city of Philadelphia. He is an 
 Independent in politics and zealously devoted 
 to the interests of his calling. 
 
 ROBERT M. MITCHELL. 
 Robert M. Mitchell, lawyer, Chicago, is of 
 mixed blood, his father, John M. Mitchell, be- 
 ing descended from two generations of Irish 
 ancestry, residing in Virginia, but born in 
 Alabama, while his mother was of African de- 
 scent and born in Virginia. Mr. Mitchell him- 
 self is a native of Alabama, where he was born 
 August 10, 1854, but came north at an early 
 age and was educated at Columbus, Ohio. 
 April 18, 1878, he was married in Chicago to 
 
 Amanda Bass. In subsequent years he held 
 a number of positions of trust, including Dep- 
 uty Collector of Internal Revenue for the 
 Northern District of Illinois for four years, 
 and Deputy Clerk of the Criminal Court for 
 seven years. On March 26, 1895, he was ad- 
 mitted to the Illinois State bar, having passed 
 an examination before the Appellate Court of 
 Chicago. Politically he is a Republican and, 
 in religion, an adherent of the Roman Catholic 
 faith. His abilities as a speaker have won 
 for him a prominent position not only at the 
 bar, but as a political leader as well. He is 
 now Past Supreme Chancellor of the Colored 
 Knights of Pythias of the World. In his law 
 practice he makes a specialty of personal in- 
 jury cases, and has tried some of the most 
 important and extensive in the courts of Cook 
 County. He makes sure the preparation of his 
 cases before going into court, and has proved 
 himself a successful lawyer. His clients are 
 almost invariably of the white race. 
 
 FRANK J. MONTAGUE, 
 Assistant Engineer on Lngine No. 72, Chicago 
 Fire Department, was born in Chicago April 20, 
 1858; was educated in tne Haven, Jones and 
 Brown public schools, and after leaving school 
 worked for Marshall Field & Co.; then for 
 Howard, White & Crowell, printers; and later, 
 at blacksmithing for T. H. Brown and others, 
 and later for himself in a shop left by his 
 father. He then worked one year for the Con- 
 solidated Ice Machine Company, after which 
 he joined the Fire Department, March 11, 1891, 
 beginning in the repair shop. After being ap- 
 pointed assistant engineer, August 22, 1891, 
 he was transferred in September, 1891, to En- 
 gine 19; and to Engine 63 (World's Fair 
 Grounds); to Engine 32, December 1, 1900; and 
 to Engine 72, September 2, 1893, where he still 
 remains ready for any call. He has had many 
 narrow escapes but no serious injuries. 
 
 Mr. Montague was married in Chicago Sep- 
 tember 22, 1882, to Miss Johanna McGuire. Ten 
 children were born to them, three of whom are 
 now living. 
 
 CHARLES E. MOORE. 
 
 Maj. Charles E. Moore, veteran Chicago fire- 
 man and soldier of the Civil War, was born 
 in Dublin, Ireland, April 12, 1821, the son of 
 Thomas and Margaret (O'Connor) Moore. In 
 1848 he came to Chicago, where he engaged in 
 the contracting and building business and 
 where he has since made his home. In 1851 
 he was elected Alderman of the Seventh Ward. 
 In 1854 Mr. Moore joined one of the pioneer 
 organizations of the Chicago Volunteer Fire 
 Department (the Red- Jacket Company No. 4), 
 of which he became foreman, and during the 
 same year made a trip, as the representative 
 of the city, to Utica, N. Y., to purchase a hand 
 fire engine, which has been described as one 
 of the finest ever brought to the city. 
 
 In the fall of 1854 he united with a number 
 of his countrymen in organizing a military 
 
954 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 company known as the "Shields Guards" — 
 named in honor of Gen. James Shields, who 
 had won distinction in the Mexican War — 
 and of this organization Mr. Moore was chosen 
 Captain, with James A. Mulligan as First Lieu- 
 tenant. Promptly after the firing on Fort Sum- 
 ter, in April, 1861, Captain Moore was one of 
 the signers of a call puonshed in the Chicago 
 papers for a rally of "All Irishmen in favor 
 of forming a regiment of Irish Volunteers to 
 sustain the Government of the united States 
 in and through the present war." The result 
 of this patriotic movement was the organiza- 
 tion of the Twenty-third Illinois Volunteer In- 
 fantry (known as the "Irish Brigade"), with 
 former Lieutenant James A. Mulligan as Col- 
 onel and Mr. Moore as Major, and which, after 
 some delay on account of the quota for the 
 State under the first call being already full, 
 was finally mustered in on June 15, 1861. A 
 month later the Twenty-third was under 
 marching orders by way of Quincy, 111, to St. 
 Louis, whence, after having received arms, it 
 went to Jefferson City and later took part in 
 defense of Lexington, Mo., during the nine 
 days' siege which resulted in the capture of 
 that place by the superior force under com- 
 mand of the rebel General Price. This was one 
 of the most noteworthy events of the war in 
 Missouri and, although it resulted in crippling 
 the Twenty-third for a time, it was finally re- 
 stored to active service, and during the last 
 two years of the war participated in some of 
 the memorable engagements in West Virginia 
 and Virginia, including the battle of Petersburg 
 Gap in October, 1863, of Shepherdstown and 
 Maryland Heights (Md.) in July, 1864, both the 
 battles of Winchester (July and September, 
 1864), and those of New Creek, Opequan Creek, 
 and Hatcher's Run. In the first battle of Win- 
 chester (July 23-^-1, 1864), Colonel Mulligan was 
 fatally wounded, dying July 26. In February, 
 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans and, 
 a few months later, was consolidated into five 
 companies, which served to the close of the 
 war, taking part in the siege of Richmond and 
 being present at the surrender of Lee at Ap- 
 pomattox. 
 
 After the war Mr. Moore traveled over Eng- 
 land, Ireland and Scotland, returning to Chi- 
 cago in 1867, when he began the study of law. 
 In 1867 he was elected to the office of Justice 
 of the Peace, holding the position four years, 
 when he was made Police Justice, and was 
 also appointed by Mayor Medill, as member 
 of the Board of Health, holding the position 
 until abolition of that body. 
 
 Major Moore, in the enjoyment of a hale old 
 ape of eiuhfv-four years, is making his home 
 with a daughter at 230 Austin Avenue, Chi- 
 cago, and takes especial pleasure in relating In- 
 cidfntfi connected with his life as a Union sol- 
 dier and a pioneer fireman of Chicago. 
 
 JAMES S. MORROW. 
 James S. Morrow, Superintendent of park- 
 Ing-honsp of Llbby, McNeil! & Llbby, Union 
 
 Stock Yards, Chicago, was born in Carthage, 
 N. Y., June 15, 1850, attended the public schools 
 and later "Falley Seminary," at Fulton, N. Y., 
 where he graduated with high honors. He 
 engaged with his father in the tanning busi- 
 ness, remaining five years, when he came to 
 Chicago in 1874, and worked for the Wilson 
 Packing Company for five years; then went 
 to San Francisco, Cal., in 1880, where he en- 
 gaged in the mercantile business until 1886, 
 when he returned to Chicago. He then entered 
 the employ of Libby, McNeill & Libby, as 
 time-keeper, later being employed in the ship- 
 ping department, and finally as foreman of the 
 paint and label department. He was appointed 
 assistant superintendent in 1898, and superin- 
 tendent in May, 1900, which position he still 
 retains. He has shown by his close attention 
 to business and kind, pleasant ways with his 
 associates, that he is in every way fitted for 
 the responsible position which he occupies. 
 Mr. Morrow was married in Bellfort, N. Y.. 
 August 10, 1876, to Miss Bessie A. Jones, and 
 six children have blessed their union, three of 
 whom are now living, viz.: Mary E., Bessie 
 R. and Arthur L. 
 
 CHARLES DANIEL MOYER. 
 
 Grave are the cares devolving upon the man 
 who is called practically to administer the af- 
 fairs of two great corporations. To fill such 
 a position successfully there must be a com- 
 bination of traits which is rarely found. To 
 broad, general information must be added a 
 thorough knowledge of detail; to quick percep- 
 tion must be joined conservative judgment; 
 and with a mind of more than ordinary caliber 
 must be found executive ability of the highest 
 order. When this combination is found, we 
 have a man rarely equipped to fill posts of the 
 gravest responsibility. It is for this reason 
 that the directors of the Union Stock Yards 
 and Transit Company, of Chicago, as well as 
 those of the Chicago Junction Railway, felt 
 well pleased when they secured the services of 
 Charles D. Moyer as Secretary and Treasurer 
 of each coporation. 
 
 He was born in Freeburg, Pa., October 26, 
 1862. and received his early education at the 
 Freeburg Academy and the Franklin and Mar- 
 shall College. He was a bright pupil with a 
 retentive memory, and was but fifteen years old 
 when he began teaching at FVeeburg. After 
 leaving college he was appointed Superintend- 
 ent of the City Schools at Dewitt, Iowa, but 
 resigned the position at the end of two years, 
 to accept the superintendency of schools at 
 Waterloo, Iowa, where he remained for one 
 year. Having determined to adopt the law as a 
 vocation, he entered Columbia College Law 
 School, New York City, graduating therefrom 
 in June, 1887. For six years he practiced his 
 profession at Minneapolis, Miinn. He then re- 
 turned to New York City and did a large 
 amount of special work for several large re- 
 ceiverships of corporations. In January, 1896, 
 he was elected a Director, as well as Secretary 
 
,X'P'h..<J^^ ^yrbcrxrrxy^ 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 955 
 
 and Treasurer, of the Chicago, Peoria & St. 
 Louis Railroad, and a Director of the Peoria & 
 Peliin Union Line. All these positions he con- 
 tinued to hold, discharging their duties with 
 fidelity and rare executive skill, until January, 
 
 1899, when he was elected Secretary of the 
 Chicago Junction Railway, becoming Treasurer 
 of the company a year later. On January 17, 
 
 1900, he was chosen Secretary and Treasurer 
 of the Union Stock Yards and Transit Co. 
 
 In politics Mr. Moyer is a Republican. In 
 private life he is affable, generous and amiable. 
 These traits have won for him many friends, 
 while his business acumen and integrity have 
 commanded universal admiration and respect. 
 He was married on October 30, 1890, at Mil- 
 waukee, to Miss Francesca Guthrie, a daughter 
 of George Whitney Guthrie, Esq. Three children 
 have been born of this union, one of whom is 
 deceased. The two surviving children are 
 Emma Francesca Guthrie and William Guthrie. 
 Mrs. Moyer is a lady of charming personality 
 and has attained eminence as a singer, having 
 scored great successes in Grand Opera in Eu- 
 rope, and all the large cities of this country. 
 
 GEORGE MUIRHEAD. 
 
 George Muirhead, Assessor, Supervisor, Rail- 
 road Machinist and Superintendent, was born 
 in Sterlingshire, Scotland, May 15, 1834, and 
 educated in the district schools. After leav- 
 ing school he learned the machinist and en- 
 gineer's trade in the city of Glasgow and re- 
 mained there until he came to America in 1851. 
 After coming to America, he first worked in the 
 Good's Machine Shop, Toronto, Canada, and 
 later for the New York Central Railroad Com- 
 pany, one and one-half years at Niagara Falls. 
 He then moved to Rochester, N. Y., and re- 
 mained with the same company until 1855. He 
 then came to Chicago, having been sent for by 
 S. F. Allen, Master Mechanic of the motive 
 power of the New York Central Railroad Com- 
 pany, later of the Chicago & Rock Island Rail- 
 road Company. After remaining there for three 
 years, he then took charge of the Pittsburg & 
 Ft. Wayne Company's Shops until October 22, 
 1870. He was then appointed Engineer of the 
 Normal School at Englewood, where he re- 
 mained seven years. In 1874 he was elected 
 Assessor of his township, serving five succes- 
 sive years, and afterwards as Supervisor for 
 three years. Since that time he has attended 
 to his buiiuing and real-estate business. 
 
 Mr. Muirhead was married to Miss Isabel 
 Purdie at Niagara Falls, N. Y., April 2S, 1853, 
 and seven children were born to them, only one 
 of whom (Mrs. John Hough), is now living. 
 Mr. Muirhead is one of the pioneer citizens who 
 has executed his part weil in assisting to build 
 up Cook County and the Stock Yards interests, 
 and well deserves the commendation of his as- 
 sociates. 
 
 WILLIAM MULLINS. 
 William Mullins, Pioneer Volunteer Fireman, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Ire- 
 
 land in December, 1834, educated in the na- 
 tional schools, and came to America in 1849 
 and to Chicago in 1854. He worked in Miller's 
 dry-dock yard in 1855, in July of the same 
 year joined the Volunteer Fire Department, and 
 in August, 1858, was assigned to duty on the 
 Steamer "Long John, No. 1." Then having 
 resigned, in 1861 he went on "Liberty No. 14," 
 remaining until 1864, when he resigned but 
 returned to the "Liberty" in 1868. rie drove 
 buggy for Chief R. A. Williams for one year, 
 and was appointed foreman of the "Illinois," 
 No. 15, in 1869. In November, 1874, he organ- 
 ized Engine No. 27, and became Captain in 
 1877, when he was transferred to Engine 4. 
 In 1879 he was transferred to Engine 20, and 
 in 1881 detailed as calker; later was sent to 
 Engine 27, and is now on the repair list. He 
 was married in Chicago, in 1862, and has six 
 children. 
 
 WILLIAM H. MUNROE. 
 
 William H. Munroe, live-stock commission 
 merchant, Chicago, was born at Swansea, Mass., 
 July 30, 1845, being the eldest of nineteen 
 children. His father moved to Brighton, Mass., 
 in 1856, and was there interested in the cattle 
 yard at that place. In 1860 the son began 
 going to the Albany Stock Yards, and in 1869, 
 to Chicago. On Sunday and Monday he would 
 be in Albany, on Tuesday at the Brighton Mar- 
 ket, on Wednesday at Buffalo, and on Thursday 
 and Friday, at Chicago, so that five nights out 
 of the seven were spent on the cars. He kept 
 up this constant travel until 1883, when his 
 health began to fail. His doctor told him "the 
 human system could not outlast a railroad 
 which had constant repairing going on," and 
 that he must rest up for repairs. From 1869 to 
 1883 he made Chicago his base of supplies, 
 although he bought many cattle in Western 
 markets and throughout the country, often 
 buying more than 100 car-loads of cattle per 
 day, and frequently buying and shipping over 
 300 cars per week — thus running the amount 
 of his purchases in the year to many thousand 
 cars. These heavy shipments were used to sup- 
 ply his Boston, New York and export demands. 
 
 Mr. Munroe was married in 1866 to Miss 
 Emily Hunter, of Albany, where he resided un- 
 til 1887. His wife and seven children having 
 died during that time, he then moved to 
 Brighton, his old home, and in 1888 was mar- 
 ried to Miss Ella Young of Albany. Four beau- 
 tiful daughters are the result of this union, 
 and Mr. Munroe with improved health can 
 be found at his pleasant home enjoying his 
 family and caring for his large landed in- 
 terests in and about Boston. Adjoining his 
 residence is that of his father, who was born 
 February 20, 1819, and died February 25, 1902. 
 Aggressive but not oppressive. Mr. Miunroe has 
 set a worthy example to all his fellow-men. 
 
 WILLIAM WATKINS MUNSELL, 
 William W. Munsell, Publisher and former 
 Banker, was born in Rose, Wayne County, N. Y., 
 
956 
 
 HISTORICAL E^N'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 October 25, 1850. of English-Welsh descent, the 
 son of Gavin Lawson and Lydia (Watkins) 
 Munsell. He traces direct lineage from Sir 
 Philip de-Maunsell, an associate of William the 
 Conqueror, whom he accompanied from Nor- 
 mandy and from whom he received special 
 titles and honors after the establishment of 
 the new English dynasty. His grandson, Sir 
 John Maunsell, was constituted Lord Chief 
 Justice of England in the time of Henry III. 
 The family omitted the "a" in the spelling of 
 the name during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 and in 1711 dropped the final "1," which has 
 since been reinstated by the American descend- 
 ants. The first of the family who came to Amer- 
 ica located in the eastern part of Connecticut. 
 Early in the seventeenth century Jacob Mun- 
 sell, eldest son of Thomas Munsell, who was 
 born at New London, Connecticut, about 1690, 
 came to East Windsor, Conn., and his genea- 
 logical descendants, to the subject of this 
 sketch, included Thomas (1), Jacob (2), Jacob 
 (3), Silas (4), Dorman (5), Gavin Lawson (6), 
 and William Watkins (7), while from his 
 mother some of the stanchest Welsh blood was 
 bequeathed to her children. 
 
 Mr. Munsell was reared on a farm, the an- 
 cestral home in Central New York having 
 continued a family heritage from 1813 to 1893, 
 at which time the death of his father occurred. 
 He was educated in the schools of his native 
 town, later attending Leavenworth Institute, 
 Wolcott, N. Y., Griffith Academy, Springville, 
 N. Y., and Falley Seminary, Fulton, N. Y., 
 after which he commenced his business 
 career when nineteen years of age. He 
 was for a number of years actively en- 
 gaged in the banking business, between 1878 
 and 1893. In 1874 he became interested in the 
 publishing business, which has since been con- 
 tinued without interruption and which, after 
 1879, was conducted in the name of W. W. Mun- 
 sell & Co. and Munsell & Co., until 1895, when 
 the business was incorporated as the Munsell 
 Publishing Company, of which Mr. Munsell is 
 the President and Treasurer. 
 
 October 4, 1876, he married Florence L. Soule 
 (who died May 19. 1880) of Savannah, N. Y., 
 to whom two sons were born, Wilbert W., now 
 a practicing physician at Ilrbana, 111., and 
 Frederick S.. an agency director with the New 
 York Life Insurance Company, and at present 
 located at Tacoma in the State of Washing- 
 ton. July 12, 1882, Mr. Munsell married Miss 
 Ida May Hamilton, of Syracuse, N. Y., who is 
 a graduate of Syracuse University. Two chil- 
 dren have blessed this union, Fanny H., a 
 graduate of the Calumet High School, Chicago, 
 and Chicago Art Institute, and W. Percy, a 
 promising youth of thirteen years. The home 
 waH In Brooklyn, N. Y., later in Evanston 
 for Honif years prior to 1897, when Mr. Munsell 
 ptirrhaHed an attractive resldonce properly in 
 Auburn F'ark (C;hlcago), where the family now 
 (190S) resides. 
 
 HUGH M. MURRAY, 
 Captain 'Engine No. 46, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Chicago, March 24, 1864, 
 and educated at the Jones school; then worked 
 at various trades until May 24, 1888, when he 
 joined the Hyde Park Fire Department as pipe- 
 man on Engine 2, and remained until Hyde 
 Park was annexed to Chicago on June 29, 1889. 
 He was promoted to Lieutenant, May 9, 1891, 
 and assigned to Engine 46; was promoted to 
 Captain July 27, 1897, and transferred to En- 
 gine 80; transferred to Engine 41, Sept. 16, 
 1897, and to Engine 46, August 1, 1898, where 
 (1904) he is still on duty. Captain Murray 
 was married in Chicago, April 23, 1890, to Eliza 
 Byrnes, and four children have been born to 
 them: Kittie, John, Frank, and Mary. 
 
 WILLIAM H. MUSHAM. 
 
 William H. Musham, ex-Fire Marshal, was 
 born in Chicago February 9, 1839, of Scotch- 
 Irish parents; was educated in the public 
 school and, at the age of sixteen years, com- 
 menced to learn the carpenter's trade. In 1855, 
 while an apprentice-boy, he became a member 
 of the Philadelphia Hose Company No. 1, of 
 Chicago, and six months later was induced to 
 transfer his membership to the Phoenix No. 
 8 Hand Engine Company, remaining with it 
 until it was disbanded by the organizing of 
 the paid Fire Department in 1858. He helped 
 fight the first big fire in Chicago, that of 1857, 
 at Lake and Clark Streets, where seven firemen 
 and sixteen others lost their lives. April 27, 
 1861, he entered the paid department as a hose- 
 man attached to the Little Giant, No 6, so 
 named in honor of Stephen A. Douglas. June 
 1, 1864, he was transferred to the Atlantic No. 
 3, but shortly afterward went back to No. 6. 
 While serving with this company he was 
 severely injured. At a fire in a commission 
 house on South Clark Street, in June 1865, 
 Musham stood between two firemen when they 
 were killed instantly by falling walls. After 
 that he went to Philadelphia to witness the 
 great parade of the Volunteer Fire Department. 
 He decided to remain in that city and, while 
 there, became a member of the famous Fair- 
 mount Company. Upon his return to Chicago 
 he was at once appointed a pipeman on T. B. 
 Brown Engine No. 12, and in August, 1868, was 
 transferred to the Little Giant No. 6 and 
 became its foreman. 
 
 Marshal Musham's company was the first to 
 begin fighting the great fire of 1871. He ren- 
 dered gallant service during those awful days, 
 and on March 1, 1872, the Board of Fire Com- 
 missioners recognized his work by his promo- 
 tion to the position of Third Assistant Marshal 
 in charge of the West Division of the city. In 
 1877 he was put in charge of the Second Bat- 
 talion in the downtown district. In 1880, when 
 Marshal Swcnio was made Chief, Musham was 
 appointed First Assistant Fire Marshal. 
 Although the hero of coimtless close calls, 
 Musliam has never had a bone broken. In 
 1894, at the S. K. Martin lumh(>r yard fire, he 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 957 
 
 was swept into the river by a strong wind. 
 His judgment and coolness in command of men 
 at fires has been amply demonstrated on 
 numerous occasions, and his foresight and care 
 for the men under his command has been fre- 
 quently shown. 
 
 A fire in which Musham, as Acting Chief 
 commanded, was that at the Manufacturers' 
 Building on the World's Fair Grounds, in Jack- 
 son Park on January 4, 1894. The building was 
 saved, but the battle was a terrific one, the 
 firemen having to fight the fire, from the 
 height of 240 feet, where the hose had been 
 carried under Musham's directions. In the ex- 
 citement of the time Musham and Battalion 
 Chief Kenyon were both supposed to be lost. 
 This was Musham's most brilliant bit of fire- 
 fighting. The deed was declared the best dis- 
 play of scientific fire-fighting on record, and 
 was widely heralded at the time., 
 
 At the great Northwestern Elevator fire, 
 August 5, 1897, his timely order saved over a 
 score of men from death in the explosion that 
 came so unexpectedly to everybody. Musham 
 was first assistant at that time and had com- 
 mand at the danger point southwest of the 
 elevator. He was not expecting the explosion, 
 but the unnecessarily dangerous position of 
 the flreboat "Yosemite" was noted by him, 
 and the order given to move farther away 
 from a wall that was regarded as dangerous. 
 The sudden explosion that followed, when the 
 boat had moved one hundred feet, would have 
 caused the death of nearly thirty additional 
 men but for the timely and fortunate order. 
 Musham was struck on the head by a beam, 
 and was buried under a pile of iron sheeting 
 and, in consequence, was incapacitated for duty 
 for two weeks. He never lost a man under his 
 direct command. 
 
 Marshal Musham has frequently commanded 
 detachments of the Fire Department in fighting 
 fires in neighboring cities, which were threat- 
 ened with destruction by fires which local 
 forces could not control. Such occasions 
 occurred in Racine, May 7, 1882; at Milwaukee, 
 October 29, 1892; at Wheaton and at Pine Sta- 
 tion, Ind. 
 
 It was when he was absent from the city 
 on one of these relief expeditions, that the late 
 Chief Swenie gave one of the many illustra- 
 tions of the high regard in which he held 
 Musham. It had been reported that additional 
 help had been wired for, and Swenie was 
 sought to deny or confirm the report. He was 
 found in his office engaged in shifting the 
 plugs in the switch board, which indicated the 
 movement of the companies out and into their 
 stations. He was told of the receipt of the 
 telegram that the Mayor had asked for more 
 help. The Chief continued to shift the pegs, 
 and without turning around said: "Musham is 
 up there, and he has not asked for help. 
 "Whenever help is needed, he will say so, and 
 until he 'hollers,' you can be sure that it is 
 not needed." It is said in department circles, 
 that, in all the twenty odd years that Musham 
 
 served as Assistant, and by virtue of his posi- 
 tion was in command many times before arrival 
 of the marshal, no order was ever given by 
 Musham that was not ratified by the chief on 
 the latter's arrival. 
 
 This confidence in his judgment has been for 
 many years 'shared by the general public, and 
 the grim-visaged, alert First Assistant Marshal 
 had been looked upon as the natural successor 
 of the veteran chief. Upon the retirement of 
 Chief Swenie, June 24, 1901, Musham was ap- 
 pointed Chief Fii-e Marshal. Loyal to his duty 
 as a public servant, and demanding of all others 
 equal fidelity, even where life itself is daily 
 put in peril, the rugged qualities of Marshal 
 Musham's character but go to show that he is 
 what his admirers have long claimed for him 
 — the ideal fire-fighter and commander of men. 
 
 After forty-eight years of active service in 
 the volunteer and paid Fire Departments of 
 Chicago, Chief Musham was forced to retire by 
 politics October 17, 1904. 
 
 DANIEL R. MUSSER, 
 Ex-Lieutenant, Town of Lake and Chicago 
 Police (retired), was born in Reading, Pa., 
 December 2, 1842, and educated in the district 
 schools. After leaving school he worked on 
 his father's farm and later owned one himself 
 for three years, until he came to Chicago April 
 15, 1871. Here he started as a carpenter, work- 
 ing two years; was employed by the City 
 Railway Company for two years to run a "Bob- 
 tailed Car" on Cottage Grove Avenue to Thirty- 
 ninth Street; then engaged in teaming continu- 
 ing in this line until he joined the Town of 
 Lake Police force, April 7, 1875, as patrolman, 
 at the Stock Yards Station. In 1878 he was 
 promoted to Patrol Sergeant, being thus em- 
 ployed for three years; was promoted to Lieu- 
 tenant in 1881 and transferred to Englewood 
 Station, Sixty-third Street and Wentworth 
 Avenue, remaining four years, until July, 1885. 
 He was then transferred to the Union Stock 
 Yards & Transit Company at Exchange Build- 
 ing until January, 1887, when he was appointed 
 Desk Sergeant at the Stock Yards Station, and 
 remained in that position until after the an- 
 nexation of the Town of Lake to Chicago 
 (June, 1889). In August. 1889, he was promoted 
 to Patrol Sergeant, remaining two weeks, when 
 he was promoted to Lieutenant, September, 
 1889. He i-emained in this position until July. 
 1897, when he was pensioned on account of his 
 over twenty years' service. He has always been 
 on hand wherever duty or danger has called 
 him. Never a charge was preferred against 
 him while he was on the force. 
 
 He was married September 15, 1863, at Read- 
 ing, Pa., to Miss Maria Renninger, and ten 
 children (five sons and five daughters) have 
 been the fruit of this union. Mrs. Musser 
 passed away March 26, 1901. 
 
 THEODORE P. NEWCOMER. 
 Theodore P. Newcomer, live-stock commis- 
 sion merchant, Chicago, was born on a farm 
 
958 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 near Milton, Northumberland County, Pa., 
 January 14, 1831; received his education in the 
 public schools and early commenced business 
 as clerk in a store in his native town. In 
 1S5S he came to Forreston, Ogle County, 111., 
 and there started a store of his own, by strict 
 attention to business, obliging manners and 
 honorable dealings, winning success. Desiring 
 a larger field, in 1864 he removed to Shannon, 
 in Carroll County, and there opened another 
 store. Prosperity followed, and he opened a 
 second store at Chadwick, a neighboring town. 
 During his residence at Shannon, he bought a 
 farm where, in connection with his other busi- 
 ness, he commenced raising live stock and 
 shipping it to Chicago. In 1892 he sold out 
 and came to the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 
 where he was introduced to James M. Doud by 
 his son-in-law. Richard Fitzgerald, Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the Chicago Junction Railway Company, 
 and soon a new commission firm appeared 
 under the style of Doud & Newcomer, which 
 was changed to the Wood & Newcomer Com- 
 pany, November 1, 1896, and is still in opera- 
 tion. To know Mr. Newcomer is to know a 
 gentleman, a shrewd business man, whose 
 kindly face, hearty laugh and genial ways en- 
 dear him to all his friends, and their name is 
 legion. He was married to Miss Anna M. Con- 
 nelly, in Pine Grove, Schuylkill County, Pa., 
 in 1857, and two children have blessed their 
 union. 
 
 ANDREW E. NICHOLS, 
 Assistant Engineer, Fourteenth Street Pumping 
 Station, Chicago, was born in Pecatonica, 111.. 
 January 2, 1862, attended the district schools in 
 Pecatonica and came to Chicago in November, 
 1871. where he attended the public schools, 
 and later a business college for two winters. 
 He then spent two seasons as fireman on the 
 lakes, and one season as oiler, when he became 
 first assistant engineer on a lake steamer. In 
 August, 1896, he took the civil service examina- 
 tion and secured a position as assistant en- 
 gineer at the Lake View Pumping Station, in 
 September, 1897, remaining there three years. 
 In August, 1900, he was transferred to the Four- 
 teenth Street Station, where he still remains, 
 ready for any service to which duty calls him. 
 He was married to Miss Ellen L. Carey, in 
 Delavan. Wis., in August, 1887, and they have 
 one daughter. 
 
 REV. G. A. NIEDERGESAESS. 
 Rev. G. A. Nledergesaess. pastor and organ- 
 izer of tne Evangelical Church, Blue Island. 
 wa.s born in Germany in 18.53. the son of August 
 and Dorothea (Mahler) Nledergesaess. and was 
 reared and educated in his native country, 
 where he engaged in teaching; then went to 
 Alexandria, Egypt, where he occupied a chair 
 in a college as professor of the French and 
 German languages and Music. During his stay 
 In Egypt he made a trip to the Holy Lan(l. 
 and. In 18S0. came to America on the same ves- 
 H»'l that brought the cr-lebrated (jbellsk. "Cleo- 
 
 patra's Needle," from Alexandria to New York. 
 After coming to America he entered the Theo- 
 logical College of the Evangelical Synod, 
 located at Marthasville, Mo., now in St. Louis, 
 Mo., and was ordained at Milwaukee, Wis. 
 For twelve years he was pastor of a church at 
 Eitzen, Minn., but in 1893, was sent to Blue 
 Island by the Mission Board of the North Illi- 
 nois District of the Evang. Synod of North 
 America, and here organized the Evangelical 
 Church and superintended the erection of the 
 present church edifice. His pastorate of the 
 church at Blue Island of over ten years, has 
 been very successful. 
 
 THE DEUTSCHE EVANGELISTIC FRIE- 
 DENS-CHURCH, of Blue Island, Cook County, 
 was organized with a membership of thirteen 
 persons in June, 1893, by the Mission Board of 
 Northern Illinois District of the Synod of 
 North America, and placed in charge of the 
 present pastor, Rev. G. A. Nledergesaess. Dur- 
 ing the first year, the congregation occupied the 
 old Methodist Episcopal Church edifice, but in 
 1894, bought a lot on the corner of Gregory 
 and New Streets, and there erected a new 
 church building at a cost of about $10,000, 
 which was dedicated November 18, 1894. In 
 1900 a parsonage, costing $2,300, was erected 
 and occupied in January, 1901. The church 
 also maintains a school, where German is 
 taught on Saturdays. The church membership 
 numbers sixty-five to seventy. A larger pro- 
 portion of families are connected with the 
 church, and there is a Ladies' Society of eighty 
 members, a Young People's Society of thirty- 
 five, and a Sunday School of 350 pupils and 
 fifteen teachers. The present church officers 
 are: President, Hans Peetz; Secretary, J.John 
 Joens; Treasurer, F. Witte; Trustees, George 
 Meyer, Charles Wick and Herman Koehler. 
 
 FRANK JOSEPH NIGG, 
 Lieutenant of Chicago Fire Insurance Patrol. 
 No. 5, was born in Chicago. August 29, 1864, and 
 educated in the Franklin school. After leaving 
 school he learned the brass-finishing trade at 
 the Union Brass works in 1880, remaining there 
 six years, when, on August 12, 1886. he joined 
 the Chicago Fire Department on Engine No. 
 32. He was transferred in 1887 to Engine 27. 
 and later to Engine 55, and drove for Chief 
 Gabriel until 1892, when, on June 1 of that year, 
 he joined the Fire Insurance Patrol, being as- 
 signed to Patrol No. 1 ; was transferred to No. 
 3 in 1893, and to No. 1 in 1894; promoted to 
 Lieutenant November 1, 1896, and assigned to 
 Patrol No. 5. When Captain William Bergman 
 of No. 5 was killed. February 4. 1900. W. E. 
 Carney was appointed his successor on May 1st, 
 following. Mr. Nigg retained his position as 
 Lieutenant of Patrol No. 5. He has had his 
 share of narrow escapes, among them being 
 one at the fire and explosion at the Northwest- 
 ern Elevator, on August 5, 1897, when he had 
 a leg broken and was severely burned on tlH 
 head and back. He has worked at all the fires 
 ocurring In the downtown district of late years. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 959 
 
 excepting when laid up for repairs, but is 
 always ready for any service where duty or 
 danger may call. He married Miss Julia Buck- 
 ley in Chicago, March 11, 1887, and one son, 
 Frank George Nigg, has been born to them. 
 
 JOHN J. O'BRIEN. 
 John J. O'Brien, driver on Fire Engine 23, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago, 
 February 28, 1858, and educated at St. Patrick's 
 Academy and Skinner school. His father, Pat- 
 rick O'Brien, was born in Ireland, March 17, 
 1804, and came to Chicago in 1835, where he 
 died October 12, 1879. After John J. O'Brien 
 left school, he worked for the Protection Life 
 Insurance Company over a year, and later as 
 driver of a team for Henry W. King & Com- 
 pany and others. He joined the Fire Depart- 
 ment April 4, 1882, and was assigned to Engine 
 12; was transferred successively to Engines 15, 
 7 and 17, Chemical No. 1, and to Engine 24, on 
 August 4, 1883, and to Engine 23, April 5, 1890. 
 Mr. O'Brien was married in Chicago, June 3, 
 
 1886, to Mary Doyle, and four children have 
 been born to them. He has suffered no serious 
 accident since he joined the Department, but 
 has always been ready to face any danger 
 where duty calls. 
 
 JOHN O'CONNELL, 
 Captain Fire Patrol No. 4, located at Union 
 Stock Yards, was born in Ireland, March 17, 
 1865, and educated in the public schools; came 
 to America and Chicago in 1879; ht,.'e learned 
 the carriage-maker's trade with T. Scully, 253 
 Wells Street; joined the Fire Patrol, June 15, 
 
 1887, and was assigned to No. 2, as blacksmith; 
 was promoted to Lieutenant in 1892, and to 
 Captain, December 1, 1894, when he was as- 
 signed to Patrol No. 4, Union Stock Yards. 
 Mr. O'Connell had many narrow escapes, one 
 occurring when he was going to a fire Novem- 
 ber 6, 1896, being thrown from the apparatus 
 and having a leg broken. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. O'CONNOR, 
 Captain Hook and Ladder Company No. 3. 
 Chicago »Fire Department, was born in Chicago. 
 January 1, 1859, was educated at the Kinzie 
 public school, and began earning his own 
 living as a boot-black and newspaper boy. In 
 1870 he began working for C. H. Reed, then 
 State's Attorney, remaining some years, then 
 drove team until 1883, when he joined the Fire 
 Department, November 16, becoming Truckman 
 on Hook and Ladder No. 6 ("Old Skinner"), 
 was promoted to the Lieutenancy August, 1887, 
 serving on Engine 4, Chemical 2, and Engine 
 42. February 3, 1891, he was promoted to Cap- 
 tain, and assigned to organize Engine Company 
 No. 60; was transferred to Engine 32, Novem- 
 ber 30, 1891, to Engine 42, July 1. 1893; and 
 July 24, 1896, to Hook and Ladder Company 
 No. 3, which position (1904) he still fills. 
 
 At the burning of the Northwestern Elevator, 
 August 5, 1897, Captain O'Connor received the 
 order from Marshal Musham, through Battalion 
 
 Chief Seyferlich, to move the Fire Boat "Yo- 
 semite ' (Captain Buckley) out of the way of 
 the wall, as he felt certain it would fall. The 
 boat had just been moved one hundred feet 
 south, when the terrific explosion occurred. 
 The "Fire Queen," No. 7 (Captain Burroughs) 
 was hurrying in on the second alarm, and 
 being warned by the act of the "Yosemite," 
 slowed up and saved herself and crew. Had 
 Musham not given that providential order, the 
 death-roll would have contained about fifty 
 more names, and swamped both of the fire- 
 boats. During the twenty years of his life as 
 a fireman. Captain O'Connor has had many 
 narrow escapes, including his experience at 
 the fire at the Illinois Can Company, No. 60-64 
 Superior Street, where this Truck Company 
 won honorable mention for saving about thirty 
 lives, and that at the Berwin Hotel, 248-250 
 North State Street, where eighteen lives were 
 saved, three being lost. 
 
 Captain O'Connor married Miss Mary Braley, 
 of Chicago, September 25, 1882, and five chil- 
 dren have been born to them; James F., Mamie 
 B., Martha, Benjamin F. and William. In his 
 career we have another example of the daring 
 Chicago fireman who was never known to 
 shrink where duty called. 
 
 JAMES J. O'CONNOR, 
 
 Superintendent City of Chicago Pipe Yards, was 
 born in French Park, Ireland, July 25, 1855; 
 came to America in 1863 and to Chicago in 
 1865; attended the St. Patrick's, Holy Trinity 
 and Dearborn public schools, and after leaving 
 school in 1870, entered the employ of the 
 Chicago & Alton Railroad Company, in their 
 general office, remaining with that company 
 fifteen years. For two years he worked for 
 the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Com- 
 pany, for the Chicago National Bank six 
 months, and, in 1889, commenced work for the 
 City of Chicago as bookkeeper at the Pipe 
 Yards. In 1897 he took the civil service ex- 
 amination and was appointed Superintendent 
 of the Pipe Yards, which important position he 
 has filled with much credit to the present time. 
 
 ROBERT P. O'CONNOR, 
 Captain, Engine Co. No. 8, Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, was born at Rockland, Mass., March 
 13, 1858; came to Chicago in October, 1864, 
 and here attended the Holden, Washington and 
 Dore Schools. After leaving school he was en- 
 gaged in the boot and shoe business for four 
 years; later worked in the Rolling Mill, and 
 then as fireman on the Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & 
 Chicago Railroad, when he returned to the 
 shoe business; then was engaged as a con- 
 ductor for the Chicago City Railway Company 
 for one year. He next worked on the Chicago 
 River docks, and then spent a year in the 
 shoe business, when he joined the Fire Depart- 
 ment, March 1, 1886, as pipeman on Engine 32; 
 was promoted to Lieutenant, December 31, 1888; 
 assigned to Engine 13 and on May 31, 1890, 
 transferred to Engine 1; was promoted to Cap- 
 
960 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 tain May 6, 1891, and organized Engine 62, at 
 Kensington. December 12, 1891, he was trans- 
 ferred to Engine 28; took the civil service 
 examination for first class Captain in Decem- 
 ber, 1895, — the first that was held — was pro- 
 moted and transferred to Engine 8, July 1 ,1896, 
 where U904) he still remains. 
 
 Captain O'Connor has been in many danger- 
 ous positions. At the Knight & Leonard's 
 fire, November 1, 1886, where several patrol- 
 men were killed, he had a very close call him- 
 self. On April 13, 1887, at the J. J. McGrath 
 fire, he was on the fourth floor at the time 
 of the explosion, and had to roll down the 
 stairs to escape, his hands and face being 
 severely burned. At the McVicker fire, while 
 working on the fire-escape in the west alley, 
 the wall parted and he had to remain until 
 a ladder was obtained and he, and his Com- 
 pany were rescued. At the fire of the Palace 
 Livery Stables, on the northwest corner of 
 Thirty-second Street and Cottage Grove 
 Avenue, December 15, 1898, he was inside work- 
 ing on the second floor. In changing his posi- 
 tion the center of the building collapsed and 
 Captain O'Connor called to his men and Chief 
 Mahoney of the Tenth Battalion to jump down 
 the stairway from the second to the first floor. 
 Chief Mahoney and one fireman fell on top of 
 the Captain but all were saved. Four of the 
 firemen were killed by falling walls on the 
 outside of the building and several were in- 
 jured, including two of Company 8. Decem- 
 ber 30, 1899, at Monroe and Franklin Streets, 
 there was another close call for the brave Cap- 
 tain from falling walls. After hanging on to 
 the wall, he succeeded in climbing to the next 
 roof and, procuring a ladder, assisted in rescu- 
 ing three fireman of his own Company. These 
 are only a few of his many narrow escapes, 
 too numerous to mention, thus showing to the 
 people of Chicago the pluck and bravery of the 
 firemen who risk life and limb for the protec- 
 tion of the City's property. 
 
 Captain O'Connor was married in Chicago, 
 November 3, 1878, to Miss Maria J. Newton, 
 and three children have been born to them. 
 
 JOHN R. O'DONNELL. 
 John R. O'Donnell, live-stock commission 
 merchant, was born in Jersey City, N. J., July 
 4, 1871; came to Chicago in the spring of 1882 
 and attended the Cottage Grove and Raymond 
 schools. After leaving school in 1885, he went 
 to the Union Stock Yards and worked for his 
 father. Simon O'Donnell, remaining in his em- 
 ployment until admitted into the firm of Simon 
 O'Donnell & Co., January 1, 1899. Mr. O'Donnell 
 is a young man who has made his mark among 
 the salesmen at the Union Stock Yards, and is 
 well esteemed by his friends and associates. 
 
 PATRICK O'DONNELL. 
 The Kubjfct of this sketch was born in Coun- 
 ty Llmf-rick. Ireland, in July, 1838, and educated 
 In the Hfhools of his native country. In 18.'j.5 
 he emigrated to America and located In Chi- 
 
 cago, where he took up his trade as a horse- 
 shoer, being the first man to shoe horses for 
 the West Division Railway Company. He re- 
 mained in the employ of this company twenty- 
 six years, during which time he has worked 
 under Superintendents James K. Lake and J. 
 R. Jones, and, by his close attention to duty, 
 has won for himself the confidence of the ofli- 
 cers and the owners of the railroads, and is 
 highly esteemed by his friends and associates. 
 He is one of the good old-time pioneers who 
 have accumulated considerable property. He 
 was married to Bridget O'Brien in Chicago, in 
 July, 1861, and they are the parents of eleven 
 children, viz.: Edward, John, Patrick, Andrew, 
 Frank, Joseph, Almira, Hannah, Irene and two 
 others. Mr. O'Donnell is a Catholic in religious 
 faith and an Independent in politics. 
 
 SIMON O'DONNELL. 
 To the successful efforts of no one man can 
 the extraordinary growth of Chicago's live- 
 stock business be attributed. Yet the city owes 
 a debt of gratitude to the pioneer merchants 
 in this line of trade whose hard work, unflag- 
 ging energy and tireless industry laid the foun- 
 dations for what is now the great Union Stock 
 Yards, with their tens of thousands of em- 
 ployes, their multitude of separate industries, 
 their ceaseless activity and their enormous 
 business. Among these early traders we find 
 the name of Simon O'Donnell, who has been 
 engaged in the business in Chicago and other 
 points since 1863. He is a native of Lismore, 
 County Waterford, Ireland, where he was born 
 November 14, 1847. When he was but two 
 years old his parents emigrated to America, 
 settling in New York. There young Simon 
 grew to be thirteen years of age, attending 
 the public schools for a time, and later driv- 
 ing cattle around the old "Bull's Head" on 
 Forty-fourth Street. In 1861 he came to Cham- 
 paign County, 111., in care of Hon. J. Frank 
 Harris. There he attended school during the 
 winter, in the sumemr working upon a farm. 
 In the summer of 1863, coming to Chicago, he 
 found employment in the old Fort Wayne 
 Yards on Sixteenth Street, through the kind- 
 ness of Superintendent Joseph McPher^n, who 
 found him a place with Fawcett and Bankard, 
 the government contractors for loading and 
 shipping contract cattle. At the end of the 
 Civil War in 1865, he left this firm to enter 
 the employ of Conger Brothers, at the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy tracks, remaining there 
 six months. In September, 1866, his old friend, 
 Joseph McPherson. opened the Communipaw 
 Stock Yards, Jersey City, and appointed Mr. 
 O'Donnell Superintendent. There he remained 
 until 1871. when he entered the employ of S. 
 W. Allerton. in which he has continued ever 
 since. For the first two years he superintended 
 that gentleman's yards near Jersey City. The 
 next y.ear he spent at his employer's slatighter- 
 ing establishment on the Hackensack River. 
 From 1873 until 1881 he served as cattle sales- 
 man. Previous to this, however, Mr. Allerton 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 961 
 
 commenced exporting beef to London, and he 
 placed his trusted employe in charge of the 
 tirst consignment, on March 4, 1876. In Feb- 
 ruary, 1882, he was given charge of Mr. Aller- 
 ton's extensive live-stock interests at Chicago, 
 his office being at the Union Stock Yards. About 
 this time Mr. O'Donnell began doing live-stock 
 commission business on his own account, 
 although still continuing in the Allerton em- 
 ploy. On New Year's Day, 1899, he was made 
 general manager of the Pennsylvania Stock 
 Yards at Pittsburg, owned by Mr. Allerton. 
 There he buys cattle for export as well as for 
 all other purposes. He still retains, however, 
 an office at the Chicago Yards, where he carries 
 on a large business under the name of Simon 
 O'Donnell & Co. He introduced into Pittsburg 
 the "Fat Stock Show," and made the first sale 
 of a carload of prize winning steers at auction. 
 This proving a great success, many similar 
 ones have since been held. As may be seen, 
 he is a veteran in the business, having seen 
 well nigh phenomenal changes and fluctuations 
 in both the New \ork and Chicago markets. 
 
 Mr. O'Donnell was married to Miss Margaret 
 Pearson, of Hudson County, N. J., November 7, 
 1877, and they have been blessed with four 
 children, of whom three are living. 
 
 THOMAS TELFER OLIVER, M. D. 
 
 Some centuries ago two brothers were ban- 
 ished for political reasons from Switzerland. 
 They made their home in Scotland, and from 
 one of them descended the immediate ancestors 
 of the venerable physician whose name intro- 
 duces this article, and who has long been 
 prominent In the medical circles of Chicago. 
 His parents, Robert and Isabella (Telfer) Oli- 
 ver, were residents of Cromartyshire, in the 
 north of Scotland, at the time of his birth. 
 May 17, 1830. He was one of a large family 
 of children, and when he was seven years of 
 age his parents emigrated to the New World. 
 They spent a few years in Quebec, but in 1847 
 made a permanent home in Ontario. 
 
 It was in Ontario that Dr. Oliver began 
 his study of medicine, at the same time dis- 
 playing much aptitude for civil and mechanical 
 engineering, a subject that awoke much in- 
 terest In his mind in later years. Medicine 
 and engineering seem very wide apart, and 
 yet it Is the same keen, analytical mind that 
 delights in the mysteries of science and the 
 problems of healing. He took up the study 
 of medicine in the office of Dr. N. E. Main- 
 waring, of St. George, Ontario, with whom he 
 spent two years. In 1856 he went to Toronto, 
 and became a student at the Rolph Medical 
 School, from which he was graduated in 1858, 
 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. For 
 some time following this, serious ill-health pre- 
 vented his giving any time to the practice 
 of his profession, but led him instead to devote 
 much time to his other favorite study, civil 
 and mechanical engineering, in the line of mill- 
 wright work, and plans for engines and bridges. 
 His original ability and thorough understand- 
 
 ing of these branches were shown in a number 
 of useful inventions, and throughout his career 
 his inventive genius has supplied him with 
 many things he needed in his work along 
 various lines, and which he could not readily 
 find. 
 
 For some two years Dr. Oliver was a resi- 
 dent of Kansas, but came to Chicago in 1875, 
 where for the last quarter of a century he 
 enjoyed a lucrative practice, and won an envi- 
 able reputation as an able practitioner. For 
 many years he conducted a general practice, 
 but later devoted his time and attention more 
 particularly to family practice, and chronic 
 and hereditary diseases. One of the chief ten- 
 dencies which mark this age is a tendency 
 towards specializing. A man should not dis- 
 sipate his energies over the entire field of 
 human endeavor, but seek some branch of the 
 business for which he is specially fitted, and 
 thus reach a higher pitch of excellence than 
 he could othewise attain. Just as the stream 
 limited to a narrow channel flows with greater 
 force than it does when it spreads out over 
 the broad meadows, so a man's energies shut 
 up within narrow lines should be far more 
 effective. Dr. Oliver, with a broad general in- 
 formation and a profound and valuable expe- 
 rience in every department of medicine, in his 
 later years gave his closest attention to diseases 
 of the lungs, liver and kidneys, in which he 
 has attained marked superiority. In the prac- 
 tice of medicine, as in engineering. Dr. Oliver 
 has manifested the same originating and in- 
 ventive disposition. He sees no operation with- 
 out proposing to himself its possible improve- 
 ment. Thus he has advanced steadily and 
 rapidly along his chosen profession and long 
 since secured a solid footing among the fore- 
 most representatives of the medical science in 
 Chicago. 
 
 Dr. Oliver was married in 1860, and has had 
 five children, whose names — Anita, Thomas 
 Scott, Ida May, Bruce and Grant, — betray his 
 admiration for chivalry and heroism, a part of 
 the make-up of every broad minded and gen- 
 erous man. Possibly his remote ancestry, 
 which is undoubtedly in part at least of French 
 derivation, has given him a mark of geniality 
 and perfect courtesy. He is of a quiet and 
 modest disposition, and has an independent 
 and self-reliant nature at the same time, and 
 holds the unstinted respect of all with whom 
 he comes in contact. 
 
 JOHN F. O'MALLEY, 
 Captain Hook and Ladder Company No. 19, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago 
 January 21, 1866, educated in the Washington 
 and Carpenter public schools, and after leav- 
 ing school went to work for Field. Leiter & 
 Co., as wagon boy for one year, after which 
 he was employed at the Rolling Mills for 
 two years, and later for Crane & Co. (pipe-mill 
 and foundry) for three years. He then drove 
 team for Gee Bros, until he joined the Fire 
 Department, April 2, 1886, as driver on Truck 
 
962 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 No. 10; was transferred to Engine 13, as pipe- 
 man in March, 1887; promoted to Lieutenant 
 and transferred to Engine 27, June 1, 1890; to 
 Engine 20, May 19, 1891; and to Engine 13, 
 December 9. 1893. July 1, 1896, lie was pro- 
 moted to Captain, and assigned to Engine 30 
 and was transferred September 10, 1896, to 
 Truck 19 where (1904) he still remains on duty. 
 In common with other firemen Captain O'Mal- 
 ley has had many narrow escapes, but never 
 suffered serious injury. He was in command 
 of Truck 19 when a man was rescued at the 
 fire in Brunges' Vinegar Factory, Ann Street, 
 Mav 27, 1897, and when fifteen persons were 
 rescued at a fire at 201 West Erie Street, Sep- 
 tember 29, 1897. He is always to be found at 
 his post of duty, and ready for any emergency 
 where danger threatens. 
 
 CHARLES W. O'NEILL, 
 Captain No. 1, Chicago Fire Insurance Pati'ol, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 30, 
 1855, was brought to Chicago when six months 
 old and educated at the Dore school. After 
 leaving school he worked for the Academy of 
 Music and other theaters, as stage carpenter; 
 then joined the Fire Insurance Patrol, January 
 14, 1882, and was assigned to Patrol No. 2, 
 as private, and transferred to Patrol No. 1, 
 March 21, 1885, on account of six members of 
 that company having been injured at the Lang- 
 ham Hotel fire. He was promoted to Lieu- 
 tenant January 1, 1886, when E. T. Shepherd 
 was appointed Superintendent on account of 
 the resignation of B. B. Bullwinkle; was pro- 
 moted to Captain December 1, 1886, and re- 
 mained on duty until he was severely injured 
 in the gasoline explosion at the dye-house. No. 
 43 North Clark Street, May 10, 1891; his head 
 and shoulders were there badly burned, and 
 he was rescued by Dick Gillen, Fire Patrol 
 Insurance reporter, at a great risk of his own 
 life. Several of the firemen were disfigured 
 for life. O'Neill was transferred from Company 
 No. 1 to No. 2, located at 216 South Sangamon 
 Street, September 6, 1892, but while discharg- 
 ing the duties of Acting Superintendent, has 
 his headquarters at the commodious house of 
 Patrol No. 1, on Monroe near La Salle Street. 
 Captain O'Neill was married on the 25th day 
 of December, 1880. and he and his wife have 
 three children. He has been on duty at all 
 of the large fires since January 1882, and has 
 had many narrow escapes. He is noted for his 
 brave deeds, and kind actions to the members 
 of the Patrol, and by them held in great esteem, 
 having the good will of his superior officers 
 and employers. 
 
 JOHN O'NEILL. 
 John O'Neill. Superintendent of Track Eleva- 
 tion. Chicago. Is a son of Michael and Mary 
 Stirling O'Neill, born In Newark, N. J., on the 
 third day of Dfcembpr, 1832. Hl.s father was a 
 native of HelfaHt. North of Ireland, and his 
 mother waH of Scotch decent. They emigrated 
 to the L'nited StaleB about the year 1831, and 
 
 in 1834 the family removed to Pennsylvania, 
 where they remained until 1866. John enjoyed 
 good educational advantages and, after com- 
 pleting his preliminary studies became a stu- 
 dent at Westminster College at New Wilming- 
 ton, Mercer County, Pa., where he finished his 
 studies in 1856 at the age of twenty-four. Dur- 
 ing the next ten years he had a great variety 
 of experiences, including travel and service 
 in the army, of which only brief mention can 
 here be made. 
 
 After leaving college he went to Iowa and 
 during the winter of 1856-57 taught school at 
 Mount Pleasant, Henry County. In the spring 
 of 1857 he went to St. Joe, Missouri, where he 
 was employed by John Severns, Engineer of 
 Construction on the Hannibal & St. Joe Rail- 
 road, then in course of construction, but did 
 not remain long at this place. Being of a 
 roving disposition, and hearing of an expedi- 
 tion about to leave Kansas City under the 
 famous "Kit Carson," for New Mexico and 
 Western points, he joined them on a tour 
 through New Mexico and Colorado to Utah 
 Territory, there becoming connected with the 
 United States Army as Scout and Guide for 
 Major Lind's Command, to Fort Hall, in Wash- 
 ington Territory, which was especially charged 
 to guard and protect emigrants on their way 
 to California. He assisted in the burial of the 
 bones of those who were murdered in the 
 famous Mountain Meadow Massacre in 1857, 
 two years after it happened. At the beginning 
 of the Civil War he returned to the East with 
 the soldiers from Utah, under Col. Philip St. 
 George Cook, and after a short stay at home, 
 went to Washington and reported to Col. Clark, 
 who was assigned as Chief Commissary of the 
 Army of the Potomac. On his arrival in Wash- 
 ington, Col. Clark placed him in charge of the 
 receiving and caring for commissary stores, at 
 the Sixth Street Wharf, at entrance into Wash- 
 ington by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, the 
 only railroad over which the Army then en- 
 camped around Washington City could receive 
 supplies. On February 27, 1862, he was sent 
 to Fortress Monroe to report to Col. John McL. 
 Taylor, Commissary, and was placed in charge 
 of the receiving of supplies at that point for 
 the Army of the Potomac, it being the inten- 
 tion of General McClellan to make this the 
 base of operations against Richmond. The 
 first troops of the Army of the Potomac ar- 
 rived here on the 5th of April, following; he 
 was therefore one of the first sent from Wash- 
 ington. He served with the Army of the Po- 
 tomac until Richmond was taken, when he re- 
 signed and returned to his home in Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 When his father's family removed to Chi- 
 cago in June, 1866. Mr. O'Neill accompanied 
 them and has since made Chicago his home. 
 Here he became associated with Mr. David 
 Good Willie, under the firm name of David Good- 
 wlllie & Co., engaging in the planing mill busi- 
 ness and the manufacturing of sash, doors and 
 blinds. At the end of one year Mr. GoodwiIHe 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 963 
 
 withdrew, and Mr. O'Neill and his brother Louis 
 organized the North Side Planing Mill Com- 
 pany, which was conducted with marked suc- 
 cess until the year 1881, when they sold their 
 plant to Messrs. Campbell Bros. Mr. O'Neill 
 then retired from active business with an ample 
 competence. 
 
 For many years Mr. O'Neill has taken an 
 active interest in political affairs and has been 
 called to numerous positions of trust. He was 
 appointed Commissioner of Public Works un- 
 der the administration of Mayor H. D. Colvin; 
 was elected County Commissioner in 1880, serv- 
 ing for three years; was appointed one of 
 the State House Commissioners to finish the 
 State House at Springfield, by Governor John 
 M. Hamilton, in 1883. He has been five times 
 elected Alderman from the Thirty-fourth Ward 
 on the Republican ticket, and served in the 
 City Council from September, 1889, to March 
 28, 1897, when he resigned his seat to accept 
 the position of "Expert on Track Elevation," 
 in which position he served without compen- 
 sation until the election of Mayor Harrison, 
 by whom he was appointed to the office under 
 salary. 
 
 In matters of religion Mr. O'Neill holds lib- 
 eral views, and in this, as in all other matters, 
 thinks for himself and seeks to follow the 
 prompting of an enlightened conscience. In 
 his varied relations throughout life he has 
 maintained a high character, and has been, and 
 is known not only as an enterprising citizen 
 and successful business man, but also as a high- 
 minded gentleman. He has rare personal and 
 social qualities, is fond of good fellowship, and 
 is strongly attached to his friends. In stature 
 he is five feet, nine and one-half inches, 
 weighs 208 pounds, has a commanding presence, 
 a pleasing address and a ready command of 
 language. He has the courage of his convic- 
 tions and is never swayed from that which he 
 believes to be right. It is owing to this trait 
 in his character, that he has been so successful 
 in his long, continuous and persistent fight for 
 the elimination of deadly grade crossings by 
 the elevation of the road-bed and tracks of 
 railroads within the corporate limits of the 
 City of Chicago. In this field he has been very 
 successful, notwithstanding the great opposition 
 at first brought to bear against him, on account 
 of the enormous expense to the railroads, and 
 its seeming impracticability, but in the face 
 of opposition and abuse, keeping his eyes to the 
 front, he has never wavered, but kept up his 
 stubborn and persistent fight until every ob- 
 stacle was overcome and track elevation for 
 the elimination of grade crossings in the City 
 of Chicago has become an assured fact. He 
 made the first Aldermanlc canvass in the year 
 1889 with this object in view, and in his last 
 report the Expert on Track Elevation reports 
 to Mayor Harrison for 1900, as follows: 
 
 "We are highly gratified at the wonderful 
 progress that has been made in the elevation 
 of the road-bed and tracks of the several rail- 
 way and railroad companies having their ter- 
 
 minals within the corporate limits of tne City 
 of Chicago, since the first agitation of the ques- 
 tion in the year 1«90 and the commencement of 
 the first work in the year 1892. From May 23, 
 1892, to January 1, 1901, 291.88 miles of rail- 
 road tracks have been elevated and 213 grade 
 crossings eliminated by subways, and fifty-one 
 joint subways have also been constructed, thir- 
 ty-seven street crossings have been discon- 
 tinued by elevation and vacation. The work 
 has cost the railroad companies an estimated 
 amount of $17,405,000. Ordinances have been 
 passed, and accepted by the railroad com- 
 panies, for the elevation of 232.9 miles more of 
 railroad tracks; when this work is completed 
 there will be 88 more street crossings relieved 
 by subways, and 71 crossings by joint subways; 
 six grade crossings will be diverted into the 
 subways and 17 grade crossings discontinued 
 by the elevation and vacation at an aditional 
 estimated cost to the railroad companies of 
 $8,583,000— making the total expenditure, when 
 the work is completed, $25,988,000. This work 
 since its commencement, has given employment 
 on an average annually to about 20,000 men." 
 
 ROLLIN B. ORGAN. 
 
 This distinguished citizen, whose name is as 
 familiar as a household word in railroad cir- 
 cles throughout the American continent, has 
 been identified, with but an occasional interrup- 
 tion, with the commercial development of the 
 city for thirty-five years. He is yet in life's 
 prime, having been born at Washington, Iowa, 
 July 19, 1844. He received a liberal education, 
 graduating from the college in that city and af- 
 terwards beginning the study of law. In 1862 
 he laid aside his text-books to enter the navy, 
 preferring that to the military arm of the serv- 
 ice. He received his discharge in 1864, and 
 in 1866 came to Chicago. His first employ- 
 ment was with the Union Stock Yards and 
 Transit Company, in the shipping department. 
 The promptitude, efliciency and executive ca- 
 pacity which he displayed soon led to his pro- 
 motion to the post of yard master, which he 
 filled for four years. Next, on the recommend- 
 ation of the Stock Yards Company, he was 
 made stock agent for the Leavenworth, Law- 
 rence & Galveston (now Atchison, Topeka & 
 Santa Fe) Railroad Company, at Coffeyville, 
 Kans. He remained there but two years, re- 
 turning to Chicago to accept a similar position 
 with the Michigan Central at the Union Yards. 
 Two years later his services as stock agent 
 were secured by the Great Western of Canada, 
 with which company he remained for four 
 years, then being appointed to the same posi- 
 tion for the consolidated Great Western & Can- 
 ada Southern lines. Four years later, upon the 
 amalgamation of the Grand Trunk and Great 
 Western, he entered the employ of the Nickel 
 Plate Company. For a time he represented 
 this line at the Stock Yards, but it was not 
 long before the directorate realized that the 
 position, in which his long experience could be 
 most advantageously utilized, was that of con- 
 
964 
 
 HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 trading agent for the freight department, malt- 
 ing him representative of all the fast freight 
 lines running over the Nickel Plate Road. 
 
 To the discharge of the grave, and sometimes 
 perplexing duties which attach to this re- 
 sponsible post which he yet fills, Mr. Organ 
 brought the same qualities which have distin- 
 guished him from youth — a keen intellect, quick 
 perception, sound judgment, unfailing discre- 
 tion and scrupulous honor. He is a Democrat 
 and takes a deep interest in his party's suc- 
 cess, being among its active workers and hold- 
 ing a high position in its councils. In 1898 he 
 consented to accept the empty honor of a 
 nomination for Congress in that Republican 
 stronghold, the First Illinois District. His de- 
 feat was certain, yet he succeeded in reducing 
 the plurality of his opponent, Hon. J. R. Mann, 
 from 28,000 to 16,000. In 1900 he was his party's 
 nominee, by acclamation, for the Presidency of 
 the Board of County Commissioners, but went 
 down before the wave which again carried the 
 Republicans into power. He is a thorough 
 going sportsman and has done much, both by 
 suggestion and assistance, in the enforcement 
 of legislation for the protection and preserva- 
 tion of game and fish. He has been three 
 times President of the Illinois State Sportsman 
 Association, and had repeatedly served upon its 
 Board of Directors. He is a Mason of high 
 rank, being a member of Chicago Chapter, R. 
 A. M.; of the Chevalier Bayard Commandery, 
 K. T.; and one of the Nobles of the Mystic 
 Shrine. Mr. Organ was married at Washington, 
 Iowa, October 30, 1875, to Miss Ida A. Hall. 
 
 JOHN ORR. 
 John Orr, ex-Captain Liberty Fire Engine, 
 Town of Lake Fire Department, yard master 
 and foreman sheep-dipping division. Union 
 Stock Yards, Chicago, was born in New York 
 City, October 21, 1844; was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools, and at five years old went with his 
 parents to Wisconsin. After leaving school he 
 enlisted as a private in the Third Wisconsin 
 Infantry on December 21. 1862, and was mus- 
 tered out as a private, August 18, 1865. He 
 then came to Chicago and went to work for 
 the Union Stock Yard & Transit Company, as 
 yard man, and was promoted to yard master; 
 was also Captain of Engine Liberty at the Stock 
 Yards for twelve years (1874-86), while at the 
 same time acting as division yard master for 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. From 
 1886 to 1895 he trailed sheep from Oregon and 
 Idaho into Nebraska, when he came to Chicago 
 and worked in the sheep division at the Stock 
 Yards until he was appointed foreman of the 
 sheep dipping division, where he Is located at 
 the present time. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN. 
 To perform well the duty nearest at hand, to 
 hrlnp to bear upon one's immediate task all 
 one'B faculties, mental and physical alike, and 
 to regiilaff one's life by the requirements of the 
 rode of moralitv and hfinor — these are the true 
 
 stepping stones to success. The vicissitudes of 
 circumstance may, and often do, necessitate 
 changes, more or less abrupt, in one's business 
 pursuits; but energy, fidelity and perseverance 
 are sure to win in the end. To demonstrate 
 the truth of these assertions, it is only neces- 
 sary to tell the story of the life of Adam 
 Ortseifen, one of Chicago's wealthy brewers 
 and honored and influential citizens. 
 
 Mr. Ortseifen is a native of the City of Mont- 
 abaur, in the Province of Nassau, Germany, 
 where he was born December 2, 1854. His 
 father's name was Christian, and his mother, 
 before marriage, was Annie Roth. After pass- 
 ing through the public schools, he entered 
 Montabaur College, graduating in the depail- 
 ments of business and architecture with high 
 honor. For a time he was employed in an 
 architect's office at "Limburg-on-the-Lahn," 
 preparing plans for the remodeling of the 
 Bishop's palace, and later in the office of the 
 government architects at Montabaur. In 1873 
 he came to America, reaching Chicago on March 
 3d, of that year. For a few months he worked 
 in the ofllce of an architect on Milwaukee Ave- 
 nue, and then engaged in the sign painting 
 business, on North Clark Street, devoting his 
 evenings to study in the Art School, then lo- 
 cated at State and Monroe Streets. He soon re- 
 moved to a better location at State and Sev- 
 enteenth Streets, where he had a large, well- 
 paying shop. He did a large business in paint- 
 ing signs for brewers, and it was while painting 
 a large picture of "Germania," in a hall, in 1877, 
 that he first met Mr. McAvoy. Not long after- 
 ward he was employed by the McAvoy Brewing 
 Company to devote himself exclusively to the 
 conduct of their sign-painting business. After 
 two years, however, the company decided to 
 abandon painting its own signs, and Mr. Ort- 
 seifen was assigned to new duties. Quick of 
 perception and ready of execution, faithful and 
 ambitious, he mastered details with remark- 
 able facility. He was given the agency for 
 the South Side, and his industry and capacity 
 soon led to his being made agent for the entire 
 city. Then followed his promotion to the po- 
 sition of manager, and in 1892 he was elected 
 to the Vice-Presidency of the company, and 
 October, 1902, to the Presidency of the McAvoy 
 and Wacker & Birk Brewing and Malting Com- 
 pany, which he still holds. 
 
 In 1899 Mr. Ortseifen was elected City Treas- 
 urer on the Democratic ticket, but has never 
 either held or sought any other office. He 
 is Secretary of the Chicago-Milwaukee Brewers' 
 Association, and prominent in many of the 
 German societies of the city. 
 
 In Masonry Mr. Ortseifen has attained the 
 highest rank. He was made a Master Mason 
 in 1890, and is now a member of Oriental Con- 
 sistory of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
 Rite. He is also a member of the Ancient 
 Arabic Order of the Mystic Shrine. In 1879 
 he married Miss Josephine Kruger, of Chicago. 
 Their four children are named Adolph J., 
 George, Josephine, and Margaret. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 965 
 
 JOSEPH OSHER. 
 Joseph Osher, live-stock buyer and packer, 
 was born in Montreal, Canada, January 15, 1837, 
 and educated in the public schools. After 
 leaving school he went to Buitalo, N. Y., in 
 lSo3 and worked for "French Frank" as 
 butcher. He came to Chicago in 1859 to the 
 Ft. Wayne Stock Yards, feeding and taking 
 care of live-stock for Joseph MoPherson, Super- 
 intendent. He bought hogs for S. W. Allerton 
 in 1862, and owned an interest in the Aller- 
 ton Packing Company until its sale to the Eng- 
 lish syndicate. Later he bought hogs for 
 Thomas Wells for two years, and then for the 
 English Syndicate and later for the Interna- 
 tional Packing Company up to 1899. Mr. Osher 
 was married to Miss Laura Bridgman, in Chi- 
 cago, in 1862, and two children blessed their 
 union. Mrs. Osher died August 19, 1878, and in 
 September, 1887, Mr. Osiier married Miss Ellen 
 Cooley, of Chicago, who is now deceased. Here 
 we have an old timer who has done his part 
 towards promoting the interests of the Union 
 Stock Yards of Chicago. 
 
 JOSEPH EDWARD OTIS. 
 
 Joseph E. Otis (deceased), son of Joseph and 
 Nancy (Billings) Otis, was born in Berlin, Erie 
 County, Ohio, April 30, 1830. His education, 
 other than that obtained by his contact with 
 people and his extensive travels in later life, 
 was received in the common schools of his 
 native town and in a three years' academic 
 course in the Huron Institute, at Milan, Ohio. 
 In 1851, just after reaching his majority, he 
 was appointed Postmaster at Berlin, serving in 
 this capacity until 1855, when he accepted a 
 position as cashier of the Milan Bank at a 
 salary of $600 a year. A short time later he 
 bought a half interest in the institution, and 
 continued to be actively connected with it until 
 1862, when the business was brought to a close. 
 Through the vicissitudes of the banking busi- 
 ness a couple of vessels on the Great Lakes 
 came into the possession of the firm in 1860, 
 and in July of that year Mr. Otis came to Chi- 
 cago to look after them. They were principally 
 used in shipping grain from Chicago to Buf- 
 falo and Oswego, N. Y., bringing back coal 
 from Erie, Pa., and from Cleveland, Ohio. At 
 this time the prices for carrying wheat from 
 Chicago to Buffalo were very high and the 
 business profitable. The return trips, when 
 coal was carried, were invariably successful, 
 cargoes being bought at Erie and Cleveland 
 and being sold in Chicago at a good profit. 
 One of the partners in the business died in 
 1864, and in the settlement of the firm's af- 
 fairs the vessels were sold. 
 
 Mr. Otis then began his investments in Chi- 
 cago real estate, generally purchasing vacant 
 central property and subsequently improving 
 it. Tnese investments were, without exception, 
 fortunate, because of his foresight in the esti- 
 mation of present and prospective values, and 
 he stood among the most conservative real-es- 
 tate owners of Chicago. His interests in Chi- 
 
 cago, however, were not entirely confined to 
 real-estate matters. In 1868, in connection with 
 Matthew Laflin, John V. Farwell, P. Will- 
 ard, James Woodworth and others, he assisted 
 in the organization of the Chicago Fire In- 
 surance Company. The company was char- 
 tered under the laws of the State of Illinois, 
 with a paid-in capital of $100,000, and he was 
 chosen President of the Board of Directors, 
 holding this position for three years. Mr. 
 Otis was elected a member of the Board of 
 Aldermen from the Second Ward in the spring 
 of 1870, and during his term of two years, 
 served on the Finance Committee and the Com- 
 mittee on Streets and Alleys in the South 
 Division. Although elected on the Republican 
 ticket, he was not a partisan in the strict sense 
 of that term, especially in municipal affairs. 
 
 In his late years Mr. Otis had been retired 
 from active business, spending much of his time 
 abroad. He was always an extensive traveler, 
 visited most of the civilized countries of the 
 Eastern Continent, the winter of 1888 having 
 been spent in Egypt studying the country and 
 its interesting antiquities, and in 1894 he made 
 a trip around the world. He was particularly 
 interested in Cuba, and made an extensive study 
 of the industries of the island and the condi- 
 tions under which they exist. He made two 
 trips through that country, and in the spring 
 of 1898 was at Key West, on his return from 
 a trip through some of the adjacent West In- 
 dian islands, at the time the battleship Maine 
 was destroyed. 
 
 Mr. Otis' wife was Miss Ellen Marie Taylor, 
 a daughter of Judge S. F. and Judith (Kel- 
 logg) Taylor, of ^ilan, Ohio. Four children 
 survive: Joseph E., Jr., Ralph C, Mrs. J. E. 
 Jenkins and Mrs. H. W. Buckingham. 
 
 Mr. Otis died March 7, 1902, at the age of 
 seventy-two years, after an illness of nearly a 
 year, during which he was able to spend but 
 little time at his place of business. 
 
 MISS ELLEN PAGE. 
 Miss Ellen Page, Arlington Heights, III., was 
 born in Elk Grove, Cook County, 111., May 11, 
 1841. Her parents, Frederick W. and Selenda 
 (Noyes) Page, were both natives of New 
 Hampshire — the former born March 13, 1813. 
 and the latter, December 27, 1811. Both Mr. 
 Page's grandfather and father (each named 
 John) were natives of the Granite State. The 
 father was elected United States Senator in 
 1836 to succeed Gov. Isaac Hill, resigned, and 
 in 1839, was chosen to succeed Hill in the gov- 
 ernorship, remaining in office until 1842. Fred- 
 erick W. Page came to Cook County, 111., in 
 1834, locating in Elk Grove Township, where 
 he became proprietor of a farm of 1.000 acres. 
 Two years after his arrival in Cook County, 
 he returned to New Hampshire and was mar- 
 ried to Miss Selenda Noyes, and returned to 
 Illinois by wagon, the journey requiring six 
 weeks. In December, 1883, he removed to Ar- 
 lington Heights, where he died April 9, 1886. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Page had eight children: John 
 
966 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 C, born June 21, 1837, died April 12, 1898; 
 Sarah E., born December 13, 1838, died June 20, 
 1S95; Ellen, born May 11, 1841; Hannah L., 
 born June 28, 1844; Hiram, born July 1, 1846; 
 Fred W., Jr., born February 5, 1849, died Octo- 
 ber 14, 1872; Martha A., born April 27, 1851; 
 George R., born June 20, 1853, died March 2 
 1SS5. 
 
 POTTER PALMER. 
 
 It was a goodly heritage of courage, indus- 
 try, integrity and ability that Potter Palmer 
 owed to his forefathers who were of the best 
 New England stock. They had played their 
 part in the starting of the young colonies; in 
 their fight for freedom and their firm establish- 
 ment. To their children and their children's 
 children, they transmitted full measure of that 
 strength and enterprise which has placed this 
 country where it is today— in the forefront of 
 civilized peoples. 
 
 Potter Palmer, born in Albany County, N. Y., 
 May 20, 1826, was descended from two distin- 
 guished colonial families whose combined 
 names he bore, the Potters and the Palmers, 
 lue Palmer family was descended from Wal- 
 ter Palmer, a companion of John Endicott 
 when he came to America. Walter Palmer 
 settled at Wequetequock, Conn., near Stoning- 
 ton, where the Palmer family reunions are held 
 to this day. Mr. Palmer's ancestors established 
 themselves at an early day in New Bedford, 
 and were among its most notable citizens. They 
 felt the charm of the sea and were engaged 
 in foreign commerce, but the loss of several 
 members of the family in one year at sea, so 
 shocked them that one branch decided to re- 
 move far from its influence, and early in the 
 nineteenth century went to Albany County, 
 New York, where they became prominent mem- 
 oers of a prosperous community. Here (later) 
 the son, Benjamin Palmer, owned four stock 
 farms, and here he married Rebecca Potter of 
 equally well Known colonial ancestry. 
 
 Potter Palmer was the fourth son and grew 
 up in the shadow of the Catskills, and their 
 vast, lonely spaces left an indelible impression 
 on his mind, which probably did much to 
 strengthen his predilection for a very different 
 life. The silence and monotony of the country 
 was distasteful to him all through life. The city 
 called him, and he seemed instinctively to feel 
 that its busy streets offered him the oppor- 
 tunity for action that would give development 
 to his powers. When he was seventeen years 
 of age, having acquired a good education, he 
 left home to learn to be a merchant, his father 
 promising to give him capital with which to 
 start in business when he had gained experi- 
 ence. His first start was as a clerk in a coun- 
 try store, postoffice and bank at Durham, New 
 York. Here his extraordinary abilities were so 
 Bwiftly demonstrated that he was, after two 
 years, placed In charge of the establishment. 
 In the light of later years the record of his 
 early ability Is most interesting and signifi- 
 cant , for never was a man's success due more 
 to his own native ability and less to outward 
 
 circumstances. Nothing came to him by chance. 
 He reaped only where he sowed. Industry and 
 thrift soon enabled him to start a dry-goods 
 store at Oneida, which later he disposed of to 
 open a larger one at Lockport. But he was 
 dissatisfied with the stagnancy of small towns 
 and sought larger opportunities for his efforts. 
 He hesitated between New York City and the 
 great and rapidly developing West, which of- 
 fered a most attractive field. 
 
 In 1852 Mr. Palmer visited Chicago, which 
 was then showing its great promise and draw- 
 ing men of enterprise and ability from the 
 older sections of the country. The Chicago 
 of that day, which was reached by the Erie 
 Canal, stage routes or limited sections of rail- 
 road, was a pretty town with broad streets, and 
 homelike houses set in shady gardens, where 
 lived and moved a society of unusually agree- 
 able and cultivated people. While the block- 
 house and fort, which shortly before had 
 marked the most north-westerly point held 
 by the Government against the Indians, were 
 still central features, Chicago was already 
 marked out as a great railroad center and 
 held a commanding position on the great lakes. 
 The fertile Northwest and Southwest were just 
 being opened up, rich wheat fields showing 
 their promise, and the future success of the 
 city was beyond question. Nevertheless, St. 
 Louis was still the undoubted commercial cen- 
 ter of the West, while Chicago's experiences 
 with inflated railway and realty values, the 
 recent ravages of cholera, had disheartened 
 those chiefly interested in the young city. This 
 state of public sentiment should be especially 
 noted, for nothing was more indicative of the 
 peculiar caliber of Mr. Palmer's mind than that 
 he could come to a community at a trying mo- 
 ment of discouragement, and, looking out and 
 beyond, with tnat clear, unerring vision of his, 
 see the real future of the city of his adoption. 
 This self-reliance and faith in his own judg- 
 ment was the keynote of his character. 
 
 While this young visitor was infected with 
 belief in the future of Chicago, the latter was 
 inhospitable enough to infect him with some- 
 thing less desirable, and its future merchant 
 prince was prostrated by an attack of cholera, 
 then raging, through which he was carefully 
 nursed by friends. 
 
 Captivated by the young and prosperous city, 
 he decided to locate in it. He returned to the 
 East, sold his business in Ijockport, purchased 
 a stock of goods in New York, reinforced his 
 own capital by the addition thereto given him 
 by his father, and established the business 
 through which the name of Potter Palmer be- 
 came known all over the Northwest, and the 
 business has ever since retained the leading 
 position in which he placed it at the begin- 
 ning. His establishment was on Lake Street, 
 then the principal business street of the city. 
 The new methods inaugurated by the brilliant 
 young merchant were destined to completely 
 revolutionize retail trade the world over. They 
 included extensive advertising, an attractive 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 967 
 
 display of goods, and a hitherto unheard of lib- 
 erality and courtesy towards the public, which 
 altogether removed the then mistrustful atti- 
 tude of the customer towards the merchant. 
 Mr. Palmer, from the first, wished it understood 
 that his name stood for fair and generous deal- 
 ing, that he intended his customers should be 
 satisfied and receive full value for their money, 
 and what has now become the usage of all the 
 world was evolved from this vigorous young 
 brain. It is a noteworthy fact that he origin- 
 ated the idea, and was the first retail merchant 
 in the world to make a practice of permtiting a 
 customer to return a purchase and receive in 
 exchange other goods or the money itself at the 
 customer's option, and was the first merchant 
 to send goods out, subject to approval, to the 
 homes of customers. He was the first to dis- 
 play particular lines of goods on a particular 
 day and to establish the bargain sales. Though 
 welcomed by the public, these methods were 
 opposed by his business competitors, who were, 
 however, all forced to follow his example and, 
 ultimately, to acknowledge his wisdom. 
 
 Such was the success of the new stand taken 
 that it spread universally. The head of the 
 firm of Macy & Company, that large and suc- 
 cessful New York house, acknowledged to Mr. 
 Palmer later that he had sent a special agent 
 to Chicago to study his new methods, and had 
 approved and adopted them. Once introduced 
 these methods became general in New York, 
 as they had already become in Chicago, and 
 thence they spread to the Bon Marche, in Paris, 
 and became universal throughout the world of 
 commerce. Through the new methods he intro- 
 duced, his business prospered so remarkably 
 that he distanced all competitors, and, at the 
 end of ten years, was universally known as 
 the proprietor of the largest leading mercantile 
 business in the Northwest. 
 
 It is notable, also, that Mr. Palmer never 
 had a business partner — that his success came 
 entirely through his own efforts. During his 
 entire career he was noted for his unflinching 
 energy, which was directed by his wonderful 
 perceptive faculty and his notable power of 
 organization; and these qualities, added to his 
 just and generous dealing with the public, 
 brought him the success which he achieved in 
 so many different directions. His remarkable 
 success, however, was attained at the cost of his 
 health, which temporarily failed, and by his 
 physician's advice, when only forty-one years 
 old, he decided to give up active business for 
 rest and travel. While it meant much for this 
 comparatively young man to hand over to 
 others the results of his own efforts, yet he 
 bravely faced the inevitable, and with swift 
 decision made his arrangements. The age of 
 stock companies not yet having come, he de- 
 cided to sell out his business. He showed his 
 keen knowledge of human character by select- 
 ing two young men comparatively little known 
 at that time, Marshall Field and Levi Z. Leiter, 
 whose subsequent success justified his judg- 
 ment, and he aided them to acquire all he 
 
 turned over to them, by leaving with them for 
 several years his name, part of his capital and 
 his credit, until their own resources enabled 
 them to control the business. 
 
 After two or three years of rest and travel, 
 Mr. Palmer returned to Chicago with renewed 
 strength. Debarred by ill-health from one field 
 of activity, he could not remain quiescent, but 
 speedily became pre-eminent in another less 
 exacting but more important department, for 
 he now decided to invest in real-estate the 
 millions of which he was then possessed. These 
 investments led in the end to his becoming the 
 most forceful, formative infiuence, and the 
 greatest leader in the up-building of the city. 
 More than any other man, he molded and 
 shaped the Chicago of today, because his sound 
 judgment, aidea by his clear-sighted prevision 
 of what the city's future was destined to be, 
 enabled him to assume leadership when doubt 
 as to the future made others hesitate. 
 
 His principal achievement at this time was 
 changing the entire channel of the retail busi- 
 ness of the city from Lake Street, which ran 
 east and west, to State Street, running north 
 and south. Such an enterprise has never before 
 been attempted and carried out in any large 
 city by one man. Having convinced himself, 
 after careful thought, that State Street, and 
 not Lake Street, was the logical business 
 thoroughfare of the city, Mr. Palmer under- 
 took the great work. State Street was then 
 a narrow, ugly route, ill-paved, ill-drained and 
 bordered by unsightly, irregular structures, but 
 he purchased about a mile of frontage on this 
 street, and, in less than four years, after in- 
 credible difficulties with less liberal and enlight- 
 ened property owners and the City Council, he 
 had accomplished his object. State Street was 
 widened twenty feet for its entire length. The 
 unerring character of Mr. Palmer's judgment is 
 illustrated by the development of this plan, 
 and his first purchase of property on State 
 Street is, today, the site of the palatial home 
 of the greatest retail dry-goods business the 
 world has ever known — the one which he him- 
 self originally established. 
 
 On the newly broadened, well-paved thor- 
 oughfare, he erected, one after the other, the 
 finest commercial buildings Chicago had yet 
 seen, much in advance of its needs of the mo- 
 ment, into which the Lake Street merchants 
 moved as fast as they were completed; and for 
 this wide, commercial highway Chicago gives 
 credit to the foresight and energy of one 
 citizen. 
 
 So interwoven were the fate and fortunes of 
 the man and his adopted city, that, when the 
 great fire of 1871 swept Chicago it seemed at 
 first as if both had been ruined. But the story 
 of the rise of both from the crushing blow is 
 one of the romances of modern, industrial life. 
 The long years of his successful integrity bore 
 their fruit when the Connecticut Mutual Life 
 Insurance Company made to Mr. Palmer the 
 largest loan. $1,700,000, that it had. until that 
 time, made to an individual. With this he 
 
968 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 started on the task, for the third time in his 
 life, of building up a great estate. But this 
 time he had an especial incentive; for in 1871 
 he had married Miss Bertha Honore, the eldest 
 daughter of Mr. Henry H. Honore, a promi- 
 nent capitalist and real-estate holder of Chi- 
 cago. Of this union there were two sons, 
 Honore and Potter, both of whom are living 
 in Chicago and have attained prominence there. 
 
 His work as South Park Commissioner, in 
 opening the South Park and Boulevards, will be 
 a lasting monument to his taste and far-seeing 
 wisdom. But, perhaps the chief achievement 
 to be identified with this era of his life, is the 
 opening up of the waste lands north of Chicago 
 Avenue and east of Rush Street, and turning 
 these sand dunes and swamps into the now 
 beautiful Lake Shore Drive district, in the cen- 
 ter of which he placed his own splendid home, 
 facing the lake, looking toward Lincoln Park 
 to the north and the city harbor to the south. 
 Here he established himself and his family, 
 now consisting of his wife and two sons, and 
 spent those last full years of harvest and frui- 
 tion which should crown a life of such high en- 
 deavor, where honor, justice and consideration 
 for others went hand in hand with an extraor- 
 dinary ability, energy and success. During his 
 long years in Chicago there were few projects 
 for the improvement of the city, for the ad- 
 vancement of her industrial, artistic, literary 
 and social life, in which Mr. Palmer was not 
 actively interested. He was an incorporator 
 of the Chamber of Commerce, an early man- 
 ager of the Chicago Library Association, one of 
 the first subscribers to the Chicago's May festi- 
 vals, one of the three creators of the Chicago 
 Interstate Industrial Exposition, and Vice-Pres- 
 ident and a Director of the World's Columbian 
 Exposition. In all these varied objects and in- 
 terests his wife was his most sympathetic and 
 able assistant. 
 
 Though he was always keenly interested in 
 public questions, and took an active part in 
 them when it was to the interests of his adopt- 
 ed city. Mr. Palmer did not care for the distinc- 
 tion which comes from public office. In 1870 
 he declined a position in President Grant's 
 Cabinet, when the latter offered him the port- 
 folio of the Secretary of the Interior. This is 
 only one of the many times Mr. Palmer de- 
 clined public recognition of his great abilities. 
 No man ever worked more for the joy of work- 
 ing, and less for self-aggrandizement. In his 
 own home Mr. Palmer was the most affable and 
 cordial of hosts, he and his wife dispensing a 
 generous and memorable hospitality, entertain- 
 ing all the distinguished visitors to Chicago. 
 I'nder their roof is gathered one of the finest 
 collections of pictures, jades and objects of art 
 In the country, a collection which has always 
 \)ffn most liberally thrown open to the public. 
 Herf on May 4, 1902. the end came to an hon- 
 orable and (listinguished career. In the death 
 of Potter F'almer Chicago lost her foremost citi- 
 zen, one who always stood for tlie highest in 
 civic and Hoclal life. 
 
 In order to a just appreciation of Mr. Pal- 
 mer's mental equipment, it should be remem- 
 bered that he achieved large success in fields 
 of wholly dissimilar endeavor, and that his 
 later essay began after he had closed a success- 
 ful career as a meichant, when he was forty- 
 three years old; and that, if he had previously 
 highly developed his capacity for administra- 
 tion, he now had to arouse his constructive 
 ability and study deeply the practical questions 
 of urban development, and the scientific prob- 
 lems of building construction, that he might 
 know what production to demand from hia 
 architects. 
 
 The originality, vigor, balance and profound 
 grasp of Mr. Palmer's intellect command re- 
 spect, and yet these were not all the man. 
 Throughout his career in every relation there 
 shone forth the light that comes from justness, 
 generosity, truth, high sense of honor, proper 
 respect for self and a sensitive thoughtfulness 
 for others. In Mr. Palmer were united great 
 mental capacity and much beauty of character 
 In all his life the luster of his good name was 
 never tarnished by any suggestion of the em- 
 ployment of unworthy methods to reach any 
 result. 
 
 FREDERICK D. PARKER, 
 
 Chief Engineer, Lake View Pumping Works, 
 Chicago, was born in Brandon, Vt., November 
 25, 1854, and educated in the public schools. 
 He came to Chicago in June, 1864, was locomo- 
 tive engineer for the Michigan Central Rail- 
 road Company, and later for the Wabash Rail- 
 road Company until he was appointed Chief 
 Engineer of the Lake View Pumping Works, 
 May, 1886, being transferred to the Springfield 
 Avenue Station May 22, 1901, which position 
 he continues to fill with great credit to himself. 
 He has always been ready to accept any im- 
 provement that might be brought out for the 
 benefit of the increasing demand of the Water 
 Service of Chicago. He was married to Miss 
 Catherine Lynch, in Michigan City, Ind., Octo- 
 ber 9, 1880, and three children have blessed 
 their union, two of whom are now living. 
 
 PERCY L. PARKES. 
 
 Percy L. Parkes, typewriter. Exchange Build- 
 ing, Union Stock Yards, was born in Chicago, 
 February 18, 1876, and educated in the public 
 and North Side high schools. After leaving 
 school he entered the employ of Baker, Dawson 
 & Co., at the Union Stock Yards, as typewriter, 
 which position he still occupies. Mr. Parkes's 
 mother, who is the widow of John C. Parkes, 
 residing at No. 135 Seminary Avenue, is a 
 daughter of Archibald Clybourne, who has the 
 distinction of being the man who started the 
 meat iiidustry of Chicago, which has assumed 
 such gigantic proportions, as shown by the 
 chapter on the "Union Stock Yards" in another 
 part of this volume. 
 
 FRANCIS LOUIS PASDEI.OUP. 
 
 The name I'asdeloup is one long well known 
 in the political history of France, as well as in 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS, 
 
 969 
 
 the world of music. The great-grandfather of 
 Mr. Francis L. Pasdeloiip held an office of honor 
 and distinction under Napoleon, and, upon the 
 downfall of the Napoleonic dynasty, with others 
 of his family, was forced to seek safety in self- 
 imposed exile. They found an asylum in Bel- 
 gium, in which country they remained until 
 the revolution of 1830, when they removed to 
 The Hague, but later returned to France. One 
 of the first cousins of Mr. Pasdeloup's father 
 was the famous French musician, Jules Eti- 
 enne Pasdeloup, frequently called "the master 
 of symphonic harmony," who organized and 
 directed the famous Pasdeloup concerts given 
 in Paris not many years ago. Mr. Pasdeloup's 
 paternal grandfather married Melle Catherine 
 Chaegnea, whose birthplace was Scheverungen, 
 Holland, while his maternal grandparents were 
 named Schrivers, both husband and his wife 
 Christine, being natives of Holland. His fath- 
 er, whose name was Francis M. C, was born in 
 Brussels, Belgium, and his mother, Christine 
 Louise, in Holland. The elder Mr. Pasdeloup 
 , came to the United States in 1854, and engaged 
 in the business of examining titles and pre- 
 paring abstracts. He was a member of the 
 firm of Williams and Pasdeloup, and died in 
 1872. He took a prominent part in Republican 
 politics, and was a recognized leader in French. 
 Dutch and Belgian society clubs. Francis L. 
 Pasdeloup is a Chicagoan by birth, having 
 first seen the light in this city on December 4 
 1866. He is an ardent Republican and has 
 taken a prominent part in both city and State 
 politics. 
 
 For several years he has held the office of 
 Chief Deputy County Clerk, which (1904) he 
 still occupies. 
 
 He was married in Chicago on June 30, 1896, 
 to Miss Donna A. Jensen. They have one child 
 a daughter, named for her mother, Donna 
 Louise. 
 
 FRANK D. PATTERSON. 
 The late Mr. F. D. Patterson, with his broth- 
 er, also now deceased, were for many years 
 successfully engaged in the live-stock commis- 
 sion business at the Union Stock Yards, whose 
 success they, in common with other dealers 
 of enterprise and probity, did much to upbuild. 
 Frank D. was born in Nunda, McHenry County, 
 111., on April 4, 1844, and received a liberal 
 education, being sent by his father to the Uni- 
 versity at Ann Arbor, Mich. At the outbreak 
 of the rebellion lie enlisted in Company F, Fif- 
 teenth niinois Infantry, and through gallant 
 service rose to the rank of Captain. He took 
 part in many important engagements, among 
 them being the hotly contested battle of Shi- 
 loh, and the sieges of Corinth, Vicksburg, and 
 Natchez. For several years after the war his 
 occupations, as well as his places of residence, 
 were various. He was a miller and live-stock 
 dealer at Barreville, 111., and subsequently built 
 a bridge across the Fox River at Burton. He 
 was a great traveler, having made many trips 
 
 to Europe and visiting Asia and Africa, as well 
 as various parts of his own beloved country 
 and Mexico. In 1872 he came to Chicago to 
 reside, and immediately engaged in the live- 
 stock commission business in connection with 
 his brother, A. C. Patterson, and S. Frank Hall, 
 under the firm name of Hall, Patterson & Co., 
 which was changed to Patterson Brothers & 
 Company in 1880. On the death of Mr. A. C. 
 Patterson, on May 30, 1895, the firm became 
 Patterson, Starrett and Company. 
 
 Mr. Patterson was married to Maria L. Shav 
 er, September 8, 1864, and was the father of 
 four children: C. Earl; Mrs. J. M. Selleck, of 
 California; and the Misses Mary L and Minnie 
 F. He was a member of the Grand Army of 
 the Republic, and a high Mason, a Noble of the 
 Mystic Shrine, and a Knight Templar of the 
 Woodstock Commandery. He died September 
 18, 1899. In no relation of life was he found 
 wanting; as a husband and father, loving and 
 indulgent; as a friend faithful and sympa- 
 thetic; as a man, upright and true. 
 
 JOHN PATTERSON. 
 For nearly forty-five years Mr. John Patter- 
 son has devoted his time and energy to trading 
 in live stock. From a small beginning, in the 
 'fifties, his trade has enlarged until he is now 
 recognized as one of the successful dealers at 
 the Union Stock Yards. It is pleasant to recite 
 the successes of men, who, like him, have hewed 
 out their way to success, and are in the best 
 and truest sense of that much abused term, 
 self-made men. He was born near Waynes- 
 burg, Pa., November 4, 1833. He was a young 
 man of twenty-two years when he first came to 
 Illinois, in 1855, and found employment during 
 his first winter feeding cattle at one dollar per 
 day. For a year he was engaged in breaking 
 the prairie soil with an ox-team, and then 
 bought a ditching machine which he operated 
 with more or less profit for another year. Hav- 
 ing sold out this business he opened a general 
 store, but at the end of twelve months disposed 
 of that also, and in 1858 began the buying of 
 live stock, which he shipped to Chicago and 
 from there to Buffalo, Albany and New York. 
 This business he carried on for sixteen years, 
 residing from 1860 to 1874 at Monmouth. In 
 the year last named he came to Chicago, and 
 for the first three years of his life here placed 
 his business in the hands of brokers, namely: 
 Nichols & Adams, and Martin Brothers. In 
 1877 he established the firm of Patterson, Byers 
 & Co. This co-partnership continued for ten 
 years, when it was dissolved by mutual con- 
 sent, and in 1890 Mr. Patterson admitted his 
 son to partnership with him, the firm name be 
 coming John Patterson & Son, which still 
 (1904) is in existence carrying on a successful 
 business at the Yards. Mr. Patterson has seen 
 many changes, both in the extent of that field 
 of industry which he chose for his life-work 
 and in the business methods employed in its 
 conduct. When he first began shipping cattle 
 
970 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 to Chicago, commission firms were unknown 
 and money was scarce. He purchased his stock 
 on credit and paid for it upon his return home. 
 On February 14, 1860, Mr. Patterson was mar- 
 ried, at Monmouth, 111., to Miss Evaline Ho- 
 man. Of their six children three are yet living. 
 
 WILLIAM G. PATTISON, 
 Vice-President of the Bohart Live Stock Com- 
 mission Company at the Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, and one of the better known stock 
 men of the day, is now in the prime of life, 
 and well does he know how to push business to 
 the utmost with profit to himself and satisl ac- 
 tion to those with whom he deals. 
 
 Mr. Pattison was born on a farm near Indi- 
 anola, Vermilion County, 111., March 11, 1844. 
 and when he was a babe of two months was 
 taken by his parents to Higginsport, Brown 
 County, Ohio, where they remained for the en- 
 suing twelve years. There Mr. Pattison very 
 largely acquired his education, as he did not 
 attend school much after the return of his par- 
 ents to Vermilion county. 111. Until 1863 he 
 devoted himself to work on his fatlier's farm. 
 In 1863 he began buying and shipping live stock 
 to H. H. Conover, at the Union Stock Yards. 
 Chicago. Three years later his growing abili- 
 ties as a stockman were recognized by his call 
 to Chicago to take the position of hog salesman 
 for Conover & Hall. With this firm he spent 
 the ensuing fourteen years, and then entered 
 into a partnership with Hiram Holmes under 
 the name of Holmes & Pattison, an organiza- 
 tion that continued in business for sixteen 
 years. On its dissolution he joined the Bohart 
 I.ive Stock Commission Company, and buying 
 an interest in the firm, was elected its Vice- 
 President, a position which (1904) he still oc- 
 cupies. 
 
 Mr. Pattison was married, in Osage, Kansas, 
 September 14, 1871, to Miss Mary S. Bryant, 
 and of this union have been born four children 
 three of whom are living. Mr. Pattison is a 
 genial and courteous gentleman, with an envi- 
 able reputation as a salesman of the strictest 
 integrity and of business abilities of a high 
 order. 
 
 JOSEPH C. PAZEN, 
 Late Second Assistant Fire Marshal, Chicago 
 Fire Department, was born in Germany, Feb- 
 ruary 14, 1844, came to Chicago in 1854, where 
 he worked at the painting business from 1856 
 to 1857, and in 1859 was employed by George H. 
 Brooke, a candy manufa('turer. In 1862 he en- 
 listed in Comi)any E, Sixty-fifth Illinois Infan- 
 try, and was honoralily discharged in 1865. He 
 wa.s then employe.l by P. L. Garrity, a candy 
 manufacturer, until 1867, when, on September 
 16. he joined the Fire Department, lieing as- 
 signed on Engine No. 12, and later promoted 
 to I,ieutenant on the same FJngine, where he 
 rf-malned until June 1, 1872, when he was pro- 
 moif'd to Captain of Hook and I^adder Com- 
 pany No 1. Me received subsequent transfers 
 aH followH: to P^ngine 23, In 1874; transferred 
 
 to Hook & Ladder Company 8, and to Hook & 
 Ladder Company 4 in 1878; was elected acting 
 Chief of First Battalion, October 3, 1885, in 
 place of D. B. Kenyon, who died from injuries 
 received at the corner of Dearborn and Monroe 
 Streets, October 25, 1884; was made Chief of 
 the Fourth Battalion on the first day of Sep- 
 tember, 1885, and on April 30, 1891, promoted 
 to Third Assistant Marshal, with headquarters 
 at 4000 Dearborn Street. On July 1, 1901, he 
 was promoted to Second Assistant Marshal. 
 That Mr. Pazen has been a brave and effi- 
 cient officer is fully proven by his rapid ad- 
 vancement, and he has ever been ready to 
 answer the call for duty, acting promptly and 
 courageously. 
 
 ALLEN S. PECK. 
 Allen S. Peck, Fire Insurance Adjuster, was 
 born in Wallingford, Conn., April 9, 1830, and 
 was educated in the public schools of that 
 State. After leaving school he worked on a 
 farm for a time and later learned a trade; then 
 going to Milwaukee, Wis., in September, 1848. ' 
 he worked at his trade there until 1852, when 
 he went into the fire insurance business, in 
 which he remained until 1865. He then came to 
 Chicago, where he continued in the same line 
 as a surveyor and solicitor. In 1868 he entered 
 upon the business of adjusting fire losses under 
 salary, and in 1874 introduced independent ad- 
 justing, in which he has continued ever since, 
 being now associated with Mr. C. Magill & Com- 
 pany, 189 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
 
 FERDINAND W. PECK. 
 Ferdinand W. Peck, though younger by elev- 
 en years than the city of Chicago, belongs to 
 the first generation of her native born citizens. 
 He was a son of Mr. Philip F. W. Peck and 
 Mary Kent (Wythe) Peck, early residents of 
 Chicago, where he was born on the 15th of 
 July, 1848, on the family homestead, which oc- 
 cupied the lot where the Grand Pacific hotel 
 now stands. He applied himself to the means 
 of education which the liberality and enlight- 
 ened foresight of the enterprising citizens of 
 Chicago had so abundantly provided and so 
 munificently endowed. Passing through the 
 grades of the public schools, he graduated from 
 the High School, the Chicago University and 
 the Union College of Law, and, thus liberally 
 and professionally educated, he obtained ad- 
 mission to the bar, and for several years en- 
 gaged in practice in Chicago. In the meantime 
 his father, who was a pioneer and merchant in 
 Chicago, had died, leaving an estate, consist- 
 ing in great part of lands and buildings, the 
 care of which, under the changed conditions 
 which the great fire of 1871 produced, was 
 sufficient to tax his powers and fully occupy 
 his time. He therefore abandoned further pur- 
 suit of the law as a professional occupation, 
 and gave himself to the care of his property in- 
 terests, thus gaining opi)ortunity to devote him- 
 self to the cultivation of such lines of effort as 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLmOIS. 
 
 971 
 
 his well trained mind and fine spiritual and 
 intellectual qualities fitted him to pursue. 
 While not an artist, he is a lover of art; his 
 mind has a constructive quality, which, with 
 sympathy with human needs and enthusiasm 
 for the uplifting and ennobling the standard of 
 life among the masses of the people, calls him 
 to undertake enterprises of "pith and magni 
 tude," for the education of the people, for in- 
 spiring them with higher ideals of life, and 
 leading them from the indulgence of degrading 
 passions, through the ministries of the "diviner 
 arts," to higher planes of living and of enjoy- 
 ment. This type of mind is not often found 
 amid the rush and competition of life in our 
 great cities. To its possession in well devel- 
 oped proportions by so many of the well-to-do 
 young men of Chicago, whose names will read- 
 ily occur to the observant student of her inner 
 life, is due in great part the esthetic character 
 which Chicago has taken on, despite her un- 
 wonted devotion to the more sordid pursuits 
 of her gigantic enterprises. 
 
 The estimate which is here made of Mr. 
 Peck's character and inclinations will not ap- 
 pear extravagant or fulsome, when the posi- 
 tions which he has filled or now holds by the 
 selection of his contemporaries are considered 
 Some of these are: the Presidency of the Chi- 
 cago Athenaeum, and of the Auditorium As- 
 sociation; the Vice-Presidency of the Illinois 
 Humane Society; the Presidency of the Board 
 of Education of the city of Chicago, and 
 of the Union League Club; and, by no means 
 least, the Vice-Presidency of the World's Col- 
 umbian Exposition, with a seat in its board 
 of reference and control, on its Executive Com- 
 mittee, its Committee of Legislation, its Spe- 
 cial Committee on Ceremonies, and the chair 
 manship of its Finance Committee. 
 
 On the 22nd day of July, 1898, he was ap- 
 pointed by President McKinley, Commissioner 
 General to the Paris Exposition of 1900. Enter- 
 ing upon his duties, he gathered about him a 
 corps of able assistants who, under his person- 
 al supervision and able directions, brought to- 
 gether a representation of the industries and 
 resources of the United States in manufactures 
 arts and sciences. Limitation of time and 
 space brought many problems to be solved and 
 difficulties to be overcome, but through per- 
 fect organization, combined with activity, intel- 
 ligence and unfaltering application, the success 
 achieved reflects great credit upon the Gov- 
 ernment of the United States and satisfaction 
 to those instrumental in its achievement. Sure- 
 ly such honors and responsibilities are not 
 heaped upon one deemed unworthy or unsuited 
 to bear them. 
 
 It is probable that the success of the Opera 
 Festival held in 1885, of which Mr. Peck was 
 President, and which gave to the people of Chi- 
 cago and to throngs of the best people of other 
 cities the finest musical and dramatic enter- 
 tainment that has ever been offered to an 
 American audience, paved the way for, and 
 
 made possible, the crowning work of his life, 
 thus far. This was the construction of the 
 Chicago Auditorium, which had been the con- 
 ception of his active brain and his waking 
 dream for some years, but seemed beyond the 
 reach of accomplishment. The Opera Festival 
 showed to the far-seeing citizens the utility ot 
 such exhibitions of high art, and the need ot 
 a suitable place for their production with all 
 the splendor of which they are capable, and 
 accessible to numbers that might make the cost 
 and labor involved in their presentation re- 
 munerative. In the spring of 1886 Mr. Peck 
 laid before the Commercial Club of Chicago 
 at one of its monthly banquets, in a compre- 
 hensive address, the considerations that had 
 led him to believe his project a feasible one. 
 These stimulated those already interested in 
 carrying out the enterprise. The Chicago Audi- 
 torium Association was formed, and Mr. Peck 
 was unanimously chosen President, while the 
 list of officers and directors represented the 
 wealth, the enterprise and the taste of the city. 
 A central site between Michigan and Wabash 
 Avenues was secured. The stock was sub- 
 scribed for, and distributed among, three hun- 
 dred subscribers. 
 
 The first object sought was to provide an 
 audience room of sufficient capacity to accommo- 
 date the largest convention that would ever 
 be likely to assemble in Chicago, such as the 
 National Nominating Conventions, and that 
 would be serviceable for the uses of musical 
 entertainments and dramatic representations of 
 the greatest moment. It should be colossal in 
 size, solid in structure, elegant in proportions, 
 and chastely ornate in decoration. Its leading 
 aims should be utility, public convenience and 
 education in art. At the same time the inter- 
 ests of investors should be protected in the 
 assurance of a moderate revenue, from rentals 
 of the grand hall and subsidiary rooms, togeth 
 er with a mammoth hotel, capable of sheltering 
 and caring for, in suitable style of comfort and 
 luxury, the multitudes that would be attracted 
 to the unrivaled hall. 
 
 The genius of the world has exhausted itself 
 in devising and erecting architectural edifices. 
 The Parthenon in the age of Pericles, glorious 
 in all adornments of art wrought by the chisel 
 of Phidias and the brush of Praxiteles, was a 
 temple of heathen worship; the mighty walls 
 of the Coliseum were raised to furnish an arena 
 for gladiatorial brutality. Mediaeval archi- 
 tects reared the clustered columns and vaulted 
 arches of Gothic cathedrals to woo men to 
 pious aspirations; the chaste lines and sculp- 
 tured walls of the "Nouvelle Opera" were 
 raised as a temple of music and dramatic art. 
 Each had, or has, its beauties and special use; 
 but it remained for the genius of Chicago to 
 conceive, and its enterprise to provide by pri- 
 vate munificence, a structure as perfect as any 
 in substantial utility both as a gathering place 
 of the multitude and a temple of all the arts 
 — the perfection of architectural genius. It is 
 
972 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 more capacious than the Albert Hall of South 
 Kensington: more substantial than the New 
 Opera of Paris; chaste, solid and sublime. 
 Upon its completion the stockholders caused 
 to be placed in the main foyer of the Audi- 
 torium a bronze bust of Mr. Peck, upon the 
 granite pedestal of which they caused to be 
 inscribed: "A tribute to the founder of this 
 structure, from the stockholders of the Audi 
 torium Association, in recognition of his serv 
 ices as their President, in behalf of the citizens 
 of Chicago, 1889." 
 
 The executive qualities and high financial 
 skill inherent in Mr. Peck have been tested in 
 his conduct as chairman of the Finance Com- 
 mittee of the World's Columbian Exposition, 
 which was charged with the intricate business 
 relations of the great enterprise. It was a stu- 
 pendous undertaking. The unstinted outlay 
 necessitated by the preparation of Jackson Park 
 as its site, the erection of its unrivaled build- 
 ings, the installment of its exhibits gathered 
 from all quarters of the globe, the preparations 
 for the accommodation of its more than twenty 
 million visitors, raised doubts in many minds 
 whether it might not prove a financial failure. 
 Yet, with conditions favoring a liberal patron 
 age, its finances, under the watchful eye and 
 skillful management of its committee ot 
 finance, were so prudently and wisely admin- 
 istered, that every pecuniary obligation was 
 met, its large indebtedness discharged, and an 
 unlooked for surplus left to be distributed 
 among stockholders. A trust involving the ex- 
 penditure of over twenty million dollars was 
 one calculated to test the mettle of the boldest 
 of financiers. 
 
 Mr. Peck, with all his manifold labors and 
 weighty responsibilities, finds time to indulge 
 the amenities of life. He has been a wide trav- 
 eler and is a devotee of music. His family 
 consists of a charming wife and six children 
 — four sons and two daughters. His city home 
 is a handsome, new residence at No. 1826 Mich- 
 igan Avenue, while he has a summer villa at 
 Oconomowoc, Wis., where he enjoys the dis- 
 tinction of being Commodore of the Wisconsin 
 Yacht Club. 
 
 Mr. Peck has not yet reached the zenith of 
 adult life. He has already erected a monu- 
 ment which will elevate his name to enduring 
 fame. What the future may have in store for 
 him can only be conjectured from the already 
 splendid triumphs of his refined and versatile 
 genius. 
 
 ALBERT PEPIN, 
 Lieutenant of Chicago F'ire Insurance Patrol 
 No. 2, was l)orn in Quebec, Canada, .lanuary 10. 
 1852; ramf to CMiicago in 1800, and was edu 
 cated In the Scaminon School. After leaving 
 Bfhool In l8fiG he moved to .Jefferson County 
 III., where he worked on a farm, remaining 
 there until 1873. when he returned to C'hicago 
 and worked at box-making for Cook & Pitt. 
 September !». 1880, he Joined the Chicago Fire 
 Department on Engine No. 10; was transferred 
 
 to Engine No. 1, and from there to truck No. 
 3. Having resigned his place in the Fire De- 
 partment, July 31, 1889, he entered the employ 
 of C. T. Orr & Co. as salesman, but on December 
 6, 1891, joined the Fire Patrol, being assigned 
 to Patrol No. 2; was promoted to Lieutenant 
 November 1, 1897, and assigned to Patrol No 
 6, later being transferred to Patrol No. 2, 
 where (1904) he is still on duty. He has had 
 no serious injuries but many narrow escapes. 
 He was married in Chicago, July 2, 1890, to 
 Miss Katharine Ford, and one daughter has 
 blessed their union. Lieutenant Pepin is an 
 all round man, always ready to respond to ev- 
 ery call of duty, whether the danger is great 
 or small. 
 
 JENCKES DAVID PERKINS. 
 Jenckes David Perkins, an old and noted rail 
 road builder and train-master, was born in 
 Oriskany, Oneida County, N. Y., February 17. 
 1823. and though advanced in years, bears him- 
 self v/ith the vitality of middle age. His par- 
 ents, David and Elmira (Stacy) Perkins, were 
 among the pioneer settlers of Oneida County, 
 and there their children were reared and edu- 
 cated. Jenckes D. Perkins acquired his educa- 
 tion in the Oriskany village schools, and began 
 what has since proved a very successful busi- 
 ness career by driving piles for the old Erie 
 Railroad, along the Susquehanna River in 1841. 
 The following year he began an apprenticeship 
 at bridge building and railroad carpentering 
 and joining. For a time he was with Rogers 
 Brothers, State Carpenters, but finished his 
 trade with his father as millwright and joiner. 
 In 1845 he was in the employ of the State of 
 New York, and in 1846 began work for the 
 old Syracuse & Utica Railroad, of which John 
 Wilkinson was President. In 1851 the com- 
 pany gave him a vacation and sent him to Chi- 
 cago. Here he was solicited by John Turner, 
 the President of the Galena & Chicago Union 
 Railroad Company, to enter the service of that 
 road. Mr. Perkins did not feel at liberty to do 
 this without first obtaining the consent of Mr. 
 Wilkinson, as he felt under obligation to him 
 for many favors. The agreement was made 
 that if the Syracuse & Utica should call for 
 him, he would return, as Mr. Wilkinson pro- 
 nounced him the best man on the road. Mr. 
 Perkins entered the service of the new rail- 
 road in 1851, and at once demonstrated his 
 value in laying, at Fox River switch, the first 
 T-rails ever put down west of the Lakes. These 
 were laid at the junction of the old Fox River 
 and the Galena & Chicago Union Railroads, 
 two miles east of Elgin. Mr. Perkins prepared 
 the patterns for forging the tools, as none were 
 to be found in the country, and the rails them- 
 selves had to be imported from England, there 
 being no rolling mills in the United Slates at 
 that time. The proi)osition to substitute the 
 T-rail for the strap rail then in use on the 
 Galena Road, met with much opposition among 
 the directors on account of its greater cost, 
 the opposition being led by Walter Newberry, 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 973 
 
 then a large stockholder. At a meeting of the 
 Directors held in the little frame depot build- 
 ing at the corner of Canal and Kinzie Streets, 
 where the road began (the river not having 
 been bridged at that time). President Turner 
 urged the change, while the opposition of Mr 
 Newberry and others vanished, as a not un- 
 common accident at the time happened to a 
 train just coming in with freight from Elgin. 
 Right in front of the depot a strap-rail sprang, 
 and, forming a snake-head, penetrating the floor 
 of the caboose passed up through the roof. 
 The train men pried the lower end of the rail 
 loose, and tied a red flag to the upper end as a 
 signal of danger to the directors. 
 
 This practical illustration of the beauties of 
 the strap-rail was sufficient, and the change 
 was ordered. Mr. Perkins took charge of a 
 gang of men and, as soon as the first cargo of 
 rails arrived, began the reconstruction of the 
 road at Elgin, and another great step forward 
 was taken in the history of Chicago. For two 
 years he had charge of the reconstruction of 
 the road, and was then put in charge of the 
 docks and tracks inside of Chicago. Later still 
 he was made station master at the little frame 
 station on the West Side; and, when the com- 
 pany built a pontoon bridge at Kinzie Street 
 he was put in charge of it. The depot was 
 moved to about its present site and all the 
 trains ran over the bridge. In 1854 he was 
 transferred to the West Side Lumber District 
 as Freight Agent and train-master for West 
 Chicago. In 1864 he was made train-master at 
 the Wells Street depot. His first vacation was 
 had in 1861, when he had a respite of two 
 weeks after a term of ten years of continuous 
 and unremitting activity for the company. 
 
 Mr. Perkins has been in the employ of the 
 same railroad system, through all its varying 
 fortunes and transformations to the present 
 time; and it is a source of just pride to him, 
 and of commendation from the officials of the 
 company, that, during all these years, until 
 his honorable retirement with pay by President 
 Hughitt, after the World's Fair, he has never 
 omitted preparing, signing and submitting his 
 monthly pay-roll for all the men under him. 
 When the new depot at Wells Street was thrown 
 open to the public, Mr. Perkins took charge ot 
 all the trains entering it, then being Superin- 
 tendent of the Passenger Service from the de- 
 pot. After the World's Fair he was retired 
 from active service with a splendid record and 
 full pay, but continues to give his JeparLment 
 the benefit of his long experience. 
 
 Mr. Perkins is a life-long Mason, belonging 
 to Cleveland Lodge, No. 211, A. F. & A. M. He 
 was married, April 22, 1844, at Oriskany, N. 
 Y., to Miss Phoebe Jane Wiggins, by whom he 
 has had two children: William Francis, who is 
 an engineer on the Chicago & Northwestern 
 Railroad, having his home in Chicago, and a 
 daughter, Martha Maria. Mr. Perkins has a 
 host of friends who love him for his excellent 
 qualities of heart and brain, and who hope that 
 
 he may be spared for years to come, as prom- 
 ised by his athletic frame and energetic man- 
 hood. 
 
 HOLLY R. PERRINE. 
 
 Holly R. Perrine is a live-stock commission 
 merchant at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 
 and has won his enviable position as the result 
 of pluck, push and energy in boundless meas- 
 ure — qualities that go far to make up a worthy 
 associate of the ambitious and successful busi- 
 ness man of the present day. Mr. Perrine was 
 born on a farm near Oregon, Ogle County, 111., 
 January 1, 1850, where he received his educa- 
 tion in the district school, taught in his earlier 
 years in a log house, so near was his birth- 
 place in those days to the frontier. He re- 
 mained on the farm until he became of age 
 and then struck out for himself. In the spring 
 of 1874 he went to Nebraska, where he spent 
 some two years. In the fall of 1876 Mr. Per- 
 rine came to Chicago and engaged in business 
 at the Union Stock Yards, speculating in stock, 
 cattle and feeders, a line which he has followed 
 without a break to the present time. For two 
 years he was the senior partner of the firm of 
 Perrine & Bortell, and for about a year was 
 associated with the N. Wagner under the firm 
 name of H. R. Perrine & Company. During 
 several summers he traveled through Nebraska 
 and Iowa for Wagner Brothers, and for Abner 
 Piatt & Company. Later still Samuel Ayers 
 was a partner with him in the firm of H. R. 
 Perrine, and to this firm was admitted Andrew 
 J. Weaver at a still later date. Mr. Perrine 
 went to Ogle County in 1896, to look after real 
 estate investments which required his close at- 
 tention, and for the ensuing three years made 
 his home there, still retaining his Chicago in 
 terests. In 1899, having closed out his real 
 estate interests in Ogle County, he resumed his 
 residence in Chicago. Mr. Perrine was mar 
 ried to Miss Nellie M. Hogan in Lincoln. Neb. 
 August 19, 1884. He has won and retained 
 a host of friends by his pleasant and genial 
 manner, his strict integrity and thorough mas- 
 tery of his business. 
 
 MRS. ELIZA PETER. 
 Mrs. Eliza Peter (widow of John Peter) was 
 born in Franklin County, N. Y., the daughter 
 of Samuel and Mary Rich; came to Illinois in 
 1852, locating in Wheeling Township, Cook 
 County, and the same year married John Lytle. 
 Five years later the family removed to Arling- 
 ton Heights, and built a house on Myrtle Ave- 
 nue, where Mr. Lytle died in 1859, aged thirty- 
 two. In 1863 she was married a second time 
 to John Peter, who died in 1876. Mrs. Peter 
 had one daughter by her first marriage, Emma 
 Lytle, who was married in 1880 to Edward 
 Ransom, a business man of Chicago. She is a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 CHARLES O. PETERSON, 
 Lieutenant Hook & Ladder Company No. 21, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Stock- 
 
974 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 holm, Sweden, February 9, 1861, came with his 
 parents to America in 1869, and, after reaching 
 Chicago, attended the Pearson and Franklin 
 public schools. After leaving school he worked 
 as bell-boy at the Palmer House, then engaged 
 in the printing business with McDonald & Com- 
 pany for three years; later was employed suc- 
 cessively as grocery clerk, as steamfitter with 
 Baker & Smith, and as teamster for the Ameri- 
 can Express Company until October 25, 1886, 
 when he joined the Fire Department, as pipe- 
 man on Engine 14. In 1891 he was transferred 
 to Truck No. 3; was acting Lieutenant on En- 
 gine 4 during the World's Fair in 1893; was 
 transferred to Truck 3, November 15, 1893; 
 promoted to Lieutenant, December 31, 1893, and 
 assigned to Truck 1, remaining two years; then 
 to Truck 21. January 10. 1896; to Engine 78. 
 July 15. 1896; to Truck 21 December 31, 1896, 
 and to Engine 56, April 10, 1900. In 1904 he 
 is serving as Lieutenant of Hook and Ladder 
 Company 21. Lieutenant Peterson has suf- 
 fered numerous casualties; fell two stories to 
 the basement at 32 Scott Street, in October, 
 1887; had his foot cut in two with an axe, and 
 was laid up for six months at Armour's Ele- 
 vator, Goose Island, in 1894; had his left arm 
 broken at Southport and Lincoln Avenue about 
 1900 while responding to an alarm of fire; be- 
 sides many others^ but is still in the service 
 ready for any call of duty. He was married 
 to Miss Ida Steele in Chicago, December 25. 
 1890, and one son has blessed their union. 
 
 PETER S. PETERSON. 
 Peter S. Peterson, naturalist, public bene 
 factor and man of affairs, was born June 15, 
 1830. in Nobbelof. Sweden. At eleven years ot 
 age he began work on a nobleman's estate which 
 adjoined the old homestead of his family. This 
 employment gave him an opportunity to enter 
 upon the study of horticulture, which he pur- 
 sued enthusiastically, obtaining, even as a boy, 
 a broad knowledge of the calling which he fol- 
 lowed so successfully in later years. When he 
 had finished his apprenticeship on this estate 
 he accepted a place on another estate near Lund, 
 where he continued his botanical studies. Later 
 he spent three years at Hamburg and Erfurt, 
 Germany, and at Ghent, Belgium — three cities 
 widely known throughout the world for intelli- 
 gence and progressiveness in the conduct of 
 horticultural pursuits. When twenty-one years 
 of age he came to America, locating first in 
 Toronto, Canada. His intelligence and general 
 knowledge soon made it apparent to him that 
 greater opportunities for advancement were to 
 be found In the I'nited States, and he went to 
 Rochester, N. Y., then as now one of the great 
 centers of the nursery interests of the coun 
 try. When he reached Rochester he had but 
 $1.25 In his pocket, and his first employment 
 there waH lemunerative only to the extent of 
 elKht dollars per month. Within three years 
 he had learned the EnKllsh language, had mas 
 t»'red dctallK of the buKlness with which he was 
 
 connected, and was earning a salary of flOO 
 a month — in those Jays a much more munificent 
 compensation than it would be considered now- 
 a-days. Tempted by the wonderful gold dis- 
 coveries of the Pacific coast, he went to Cali- 
 fornia in 1854 sailing from New York and reach- 
 ing San Francisco by way of the Isthmus of 
 Panama. He did not find California to his lik- 
 ing, and before the end of the year, came east 
 to Chicago. 
 
 For a year or two thereafter he was employed 
 in the business to which he had been trained; 
 but, in 1856, established the Rose Hill Nursery 
 and thus laid the foundation of his fortune. He 
 first rented a small tract of land, but the next 
 year purchased ten acres of woodland, to which 
 additions have been made from time to time 
 until the nursery now covers nearly five hun- 
 dred acres. In the early years of his business 
 experience here he had to resort to many expe- 
 dients to carry out his plans, support his family, 
 and meet other demands upon him. While 
 waiting for the seed which he had planted to 
 grow, he would go to the forests and get native 
 trees for planting, and, in the intervals, when 
 not thus employed he chopped wood, made hay, 
 worked for his neighbors and labored in every 
 way with tireless energy to meet necessary ex- 
 penses, while his nursery was developing into a 
 paying property. The wonderful energy and 
 great force of character which he displayed 
 throughout these years is witnessed by the fact 
 that he not only largely educated the people of 
 Chicago up to the planting of trees in private 
 grounds, but brought about the planting of trees 
 in parks and boulevards, seven-eighths of which 
 were either grown in his nursery or removed 
 from their native forest homes. To him belongs 
 the distinction of being the first man in America 
 to institute and prosecute the business of trans- 
 planting large trees, thus giving to parks and 
 private grounds, in a comparatively short space 
 of time, the beauty which comes to them only 
 after many years when trees have to be grown 
 from small beginnings. More beautiful and 
 more grateful to the eye than polished shaft or 
 mausoleum, these noble trees and shrubs, in 
 living green, stand as a monument to testify 
 that his strenuous life was not lived in vain. 
 His love for flowers, trees and plants has made 
 his life work a congenial one. It was this pas 
 sion that gave him his unbounded admiration 
 for the great Swedish naturalist Linnaeus, the 
 originator of systematic botanical classification. 
 This admiration for the distinguished Swede 
 caused Mr. Peterson to become the originator 
 and prime mover in the movement which re 
 suited in the erection of the monument to Lin- 
 na-us which now stands in Lincoln Park, and 
 he was the chief contributor to the fund with 
 which this monument was erected. He also pre 
 sented a bas-relief statue of Llnnseus, of heroic 
 size, to the Art Institute of Chicago. 
 
 As his wealth increased his heart turned with 
 increasing love and generous purpose towards^ 
 his native land. During the World's Columbian 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 975 
 
 Exposition he conceived the idea of establishing 
 a permanent Industrial Museum of all the 
 world's tools, and as a result there stands now 
 in Stockholm, Sweden, a permanent exhibit ot 
 "Arts and Crafts." He sent hundreds of copies 
 of the little book, "Black Beauty," to be given 
 to Swedish children, and also established and 
 founded in his native land an asylum for im- 
 beciles, providing that the inmates might have a 
 fresh-air summer home in the country. Each 
 year he also sent more than one thousand 
 crowns to be distributed to the poor of the 
 parish in which he was brought up. His ac- 
 complishments and his generosity caused King 
 Oscar of Sweden in the year 1893 to make him 
 a knight of the Vasa Order, — an honor conferred 
 only on civilians who bring honor and distinc- 
 tion to their native land. 
 
 When Mr. Peterson arrived in the United 
 States the slavery question was the burning 
 issue in American politics. True to his noble 
 instincts and his belief in freedom for all man- 
 kind, he allied himself with the opponents of 
 slavery, and in the campaign of 1860 was stan- 
 dard-bearer for the "Chicago Wide Awakes," an 
 organization which rendered memorable serv- 
 ices in the campaign for the election of Abra- 
 ham Lincoln. He always remembered with 
 pride a visit which the club made to the home 
 of Mr. Lincoln at Springfield, and the droll man 
 ner in which the great emancipator asked if "all 
 Swedes were as tall as he." As he stood six 
 feet three, it is not strange that he should have 
 attracted attention as the standard bearer of 
 this historic organization. 
 
 In 1897 Mr. Peterson was one of the Trustees 
 of the town of Jefferson, his associates being 
 William P. Gray and Clark Roberts. He was 
 President of the Lincoln Avenue and Niles Cen- 
 ter toll road, which now belongs to the city of 
 Chicago, and the excellent public roads and 
 bridges in the neighborhood of his home, are 
 largely due to his energy and private contribu- 
 tions. Mr. Peterson was married in 1865, to 
 Miss Mary A. Gage, of Boston, Mass. Though 
 confirmed in the Lutheran Church and a com- 
 municant of that church up to the time of his 
 death, he was a trustee of the Bowmanville 
 Congregational Church from the day of its or- 
 ganization, and did much to aid in building it 
 up. His death occurred January 19, 1903. His 
 widow survives and his son, William A. Peter- 
 son, is his successor in the conduct of the busi- 
 ness which he established. 
 
 PHILIP PETRIE, 
 Assistant Engineer, Pumping Station, Central 
 Park Avenue, West Chicago, was born in Chi- 
 cago, November 16, 1862, the son of Charles S. 
 Petrie, also a native of Chicago, born in 1840. 
 The latter held the office of Secretary of the 
 City Fire Department at the time of his death, 
 which occurred in December, 1900. Philip 
 Petrie was reared and educated in his native 
 city, where he learned the trade of a machinist 
 He steadily worked his way up, studying the 
 
 various branches of his calling and perfecting 
 himself in all the details of his work until he 
 attained the proficiency which secured for him 
 the position he now occupies. His record in 
 this position has been eminently satisfactory, 
 as is attested by his length of service, he hav- 
 ing been in the employ of the city since June 7 
 1892. His ability and thorough knowledge of 
 his profession in all its details, combined with 
 his honorable business methods, have been the 
 chief elements of his success; and as he is still 
 a young man, there are yet higher possibilities 
 for him in the future. Mr. Petrie has become 
 well known to a large circle of friends, by all 
 of whom he is held in high esteem. He is a 
 valued member of the Masonic fraternity, and is 
 deeply interested in the welfare of the order, 
 doing all in his power to promote its interests, 
 and carrying out in his life the excellent prin- 
 ciples which it inculcates. He took the degree 
 of Master Mason in 1895, in D. C. Cregier Lodge, 
 No. 643, was exalted to Royal Arch Mason in 
 Corinthian Chapter, No. 69, in 1896, and created 
 a Knight Templar in St. Bernard Commandery, 
 No. 35, in the same year. He was married to 
 Miss Sarah E. Large, in Chicago, on December 
 7, 1887, and they have one daughter, named 
 Gertrude Marion. 
 
 GEORGE ALBERT PHILBRICK. 
 For more than a quarter of a century Mr. 
 George A. Philbrick has been prominently iden- 
 tified with the social, commercial and public 
 interests of the town of Cicero. The family to 
 which he belongs is of English origin, the name 
 being generally spelled Philbrique in Great Brit- 
 ain, from the Norman ancestor, De Philbrique, 
 who fought at Hastings, with William the Con- 
 queror in 1066. In both England and the United 
 States the Philbricks have belonged to the intel- 
 ligent, conservative, middle class which, among 
 Anglo-Saxons, stands as a bulwark between 
 kingly or class encroachment, on the one hand, 
 and fanatical intolerance on the other. The 
 founder of the American branch of the family 
 was Thomas Philbrick, a shipmaster, who emi- 
 grated from the mother country to the colonies 
 about 1630, coming from Lincolnshire and set- 
 tling in Watertown, Massachusetts. Some 
 twenty years later he removed to Hampton, 
 New Hampshire, whither two of his sons had 
 already preceded him. There he resided until 
 his death in 1667, his wife Elizabeth having 
 passed away in 1663. Between Thomas and 
 George A. Philbrick have intervened six gener- 
 ations. James Philbrick, the eldest son of 
 Thomas, married Ann, a daughter of Thomas 
 Roberts. Their son, also named James, and a 
 captain in the militia, and his wife, Hannah 
 Perkins, were the great-great-great-grandparents 
 of George A. Philbrick. Following down the 
 line of descent, the next in order was Deacon 
 Joseph, who was the husband of Elizabeth Per- 
 kins. In the next generation are James and 
 Tabitha (Dow) Philbrick, from whom was born 
 David, who married Jane Marston. David's son, 
 
9/6 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Simon, and his wife, whose name before mar 
 riage was Lovica Young, were the parents of 
 the distinguished gentleman whose name ap- 
 pears at the head of this brief biographical 
 sketch. 
 
 Simon Philbrick was born in Ossipee, N. H., 
 in 1801. There he learned his trade — that of a 
 carpenter — and there he married and passed his 
 early manhood. From Ossipee he removed to 
 Corinna. Maine, where he bought land and 
 passed the remainder of his life as a farmer. 
 He was a man of strong conviction, earnest 
 faith and devoted piety. His integrity was pro- 
 verbial and his life without blame. His relig- 
 ious faith was that of the Free-Will Baptist de- 
 nomination, and, according to his means, he con- 
 tributed liberally to the cause of religion. His 
 house was a sort of hostelry for clergymen 
 who were always warmly welcomed and hos- 
 pitably entertained. His neighbors, one and all, 
 respected and loved him, esteeming him for his 
 high moral worth, and being attracted to him 
 by his amiable traits of minJ and character. 
 He lived to be seventy-five years old, entering 
 into his reward on June 19, 1876. His widow, 
 Lovica, who was of Scotch descent, survived 
 him until 1888, when she, too, fell asleep at the 
 ripe old age of eighty-two years. Three chil- 
 dren were born to Mr. and Mrs. Simon Phil- 
 brick: Jacob, George A. and John W. Jacob 
 was a farmer, and lived at Corinna, Maine. He 
 died in June. 1898. John W. died there while 
 yet comparatively young, from small-pox, con- 
 tracted from a woman for whom, with charac- 
 teristic unselfishness, he had performed a serv- 
 ice upon a lailway train. 
 
 George A. Philbrick was born at Corinna, 
 Maine, January 28, 1832, and received his early 
 scholastic education at the district schools and 
 at the academies of Corinna and Fox Croft. 
 He had scarcely reached the age of twenty, 
 when he began the profession of a teacher, in 
 which he was destined in after years to achieve 
 such distinguished success. For two years he 
 taught in schools in his native State, and for 
 the same length of time in Delaware and Mary- 
 land. In 18.57 he came West, and for seven 
 years taught in Illinois — one year in Adams 
 County, and six as principal at Hamilton, in 
 Hancock County. In 18fi4 he accepted the posi- 
 tion of bookkeeper for Gafford & Company, then 
 a well known firm of Iowa pork-packers, and 
 in 1865 came to Chicago. During 1868-69 he 
 taught school In that portion of Cicero which is 
 now inclu.ied within the Chicago city limits, 
 during a jiortion of the time filling the office 
 of Town Clerk. From that time until the pres- 
 ent he has been one of Cicero's most influential 
 citizens. His service as Town Clerk extended 
 over a period of four and a half years; and 
 from April. 1874, until April, 1904, he was 
 TreaHurer of the School Hoard. During his 
 Incumbency In the last named office, Mr. I'hil- 
 brick haH Heen great changes In the town which 
 he hsK HO long and ko faithfully served. Cicero, 
 even In IIh present circumscribed area, Is noted 
 
 for the intelligence, wealth and public spirit 
 of its citizens, who are determined that their 
 schools shall be second to none in the State. 
 For the fiscal year ending April 1, 1902, the ex- 
 penditure on this account was $301,319.60, and 
 for the twelve months expiring April 1, 1902, 
 the receipts were $352,363.94. Mr. Philbrick 
 is, and has been School Treasurer for thirty 
 years past for the Town of Cicero, and, in 
 April, 1904, was again appointed for another 
 term of two years, which, when completed, will 
 make a continuous term of thirty-two years. 
 As Treasurer he has received and paid out over 
 $6,000,000. 
 
 Investiture with office of public responsibil- 
 ity and trust is, however, but one of many ways 
 in which his fellow-citizens have attested their 
 faith in his keen intelligence, his sound busi- 
 ness sense and his unquestionable integrity. 
 Upon the organization of the Cicero Building 
 and Loan Association, in 1886, Mr. Philbrick 
 was elected a director. For four years he was 
 the Company's Treasurer, and was its Secre- 
 tary from 1891 until 1901, when he resigned. 
 He Is a man of rare mental endowment, his 
 perspicacity and memory being particularly re- 
 markable. At the time of the great Chicago 
 holocaust of 1871, he was invested with many 
 financial responsibilities of weighty and intri- 
 cate character, and during the months which 
 followed that great disaster, these qualities 
 were exemplified in a notable degree. At that 
 time he was Town Clerk and ex-officio Secre- 
 tary of the Board of Trustees of Cicero, Sec- 
 retary of the Chicago Asphalt Company, Secre- 
 tary and Treasurer of the Chicago and Joliet 
 Gravel Company, Secretary of the Town, Treas- 
 urer and Supervisor, and Secretary of the Union 
 Park Lodge, A. F. & A. M. of Chicago. In all 
 these various capacities he was the principal 
 keeper of accounts, and in the fateful blaze of 
 October in that memorable year, more than 
 $1,500,000 evidences of indebtedness, in the 
 form of books of original entry and negotiable 
 or assignable documents, which had been under 
 his care, were destroyed. Yet so accurate was 
 his recollection that he was able to name both 
 debtors and the amounts of their obligations, 
 and, while there were necessarily many uncol- 
 lectable accounts, in no case was the accuracy of 
 his statement of the same, from memory, seri- 
 ously or successfully disputed. This may be 
 fairly called a triumph of "mind over matter," 
 and its parallel can scarcely be met in the com- 
 mercial annals of any city in the world. 
 
 On October 25, 1855, he married Mary Hinds 
 Stevens, of Dover, Maine, whose i)arents were 
 Nathaniel M. Stevens and Betsy Hinds. One 
 daughter, Mary A., has been born of the union, 
 who is the wife of Oliver W. Marble, an archi- 
 tect of Sandusky, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Philbrick 
 are firm believers in Christian Science, the 
 former being an ardent and constant student 
 of the tenets and teachings of that creed. Mrs. 
 Philbrick Is also an earnest worker in the 
 cause of temjierance, and enjoys the distinction 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 977 
 
 of having been one of three ladies who pre- 
 vented the introduction of the saloon into Aus- 
 tin. Mr. Philbrick is a Royal Arch Mason and 
 a Knight Templar. He was first initiated into 
 Masonic Fraternity in Penobscot Lodge, at Dex- 
 ter, Maine, in 1855. For ten years he was con- 
 nected with Union Park Lodge of Chicago, and 
 is at present a member of Cicero Chapter, No. 
 3 80, R. A. M., and of Siloam Commandery. He 
 was Treasurer of Cicero Chapter from 1878 to 
 1903. 
 
 THOMAS G. PIHLFELDT, 
 Assistant City Bridge Engineer, was born in 
 Vadsoe, Norway, October 11, 1858, attended a 
 private school in Norway and at the age of 
 seventeen, attended the Polytechnic High School 
 at Hanover, Germany, for two years, when he 
 entered the Royal Polytechnic Institute, at 
 Dresden, Germany, graduating there in 1879. 
 He came to America and arrived in Chicago 
 August 25, 1879. For the first two years he 
 worked at different jobs in machine shops, etc.; 
 in 1881 was employed as draughtsman for sev- 
 eral Chicago firms, including the F. C. Austin 
 Manufacturing Company; entered the map de- 
 partment in the City Hall in 1889, remaining 
 until 1892; and from May, 1892, to June, 1893, 
 he was in the employ of A. Gottleib & Co. He 
 then returned to the map department, remain- 
 ing there until February, 1894, when he was 
 transferred to the bridge department as 
 draughtsman, until 1897, then being placed in 
 charge of the ofl^ice as principal assistant to the 
 City Bridge Engineer, where he still remains. 
 He passed the civil service examination, as 
 structural iron designer, in April, 1899. Mr. 
 Pihlfeldt, among many other works, designed 
 the entire roof structure of the Sixty-eighth 
 Street Pumping Station, and Central Park Ave- 
 nue and Springfield Pumping Stations; the 
 Carter H. Harrison Crib (the finest on the 
 lakes) ; the Northwestern Elevated Viaduct at 
 Wells Street; Fullerton Avenue and Diversey 
 Avenue bridges; Thirty-ninth and Halsted 
 Street Viaduct; the roof of one of the finest 
 engine-houses in the West, located at Wash- 
 ington Street and Michigan Avenue; also the 
 roof of the Municipal Electric plant at Harri- 
 son and Halsted Streets. He was married to 
 Miss Erica Lehman, in Chicago, September 12, 
 1885, and two children have been born of this 
 union. 
 
 GEORGE PITON, 
 Captain of Fire Insurance Patrol, No. 3, was 
 born in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 14, 1860; 
 came to Chicago in 1864, where he attended the 
 Christian Brothers' School, and after leaving 
 school drove teams and carriages for thirteen 
 years. January 3, 1885, he joined the Fire In- 
 surance Patrol, No. 1, remaining there until 
 March 21, following, when he was transferred 
 to Patrol No. 2 as driver. May 11, 1889, he was 
 again transferred to Patrol No. 1, as driver, and 
 has the record of being the first patrol driver 
 to be promoted to Lieutenant, as he was Aug- 
 
 ust 17, 1894, being then assigned to Patrol No. 
 3. He as promoted to Captain January 1, 
 1897. 
 
 The closest call Captain Piton has had was 
 at 107 Madison Street, the Salisbury & Cline 
 and Knight & Leonard fire, when he was the 
 first man out of the building, the remainder of 
 the patrol boys being caught while spreading 
 tarpaulin over the boxes. A. Papineau was 
 killed within six feet of Captain Piton. Cap- 
 tain Piton has the reputation of having served 
 as driver the longest time of any patrolman in 
 the service. He is a great lover of dogs and 
 horses, is an athlete, and Patrol No. 3 has the 
 only gymnasium of any Patrol or Fire Com- 
 pany in Chicago. Their time from the bed to 
 street is 4 1-2 seconds, and they have made the 
 fastest time running to a fire on record. Cap- 
 tain Piton was married in Chicago, May 18, 
 1886, to Miss Edna Baloff, and they have one 
 daughter. 
 
 CHARLES PLEWA. 
 
 Charles Plewa, East Side, South Chicago, is 
 the Superintendent of the Columbia Malting 
 Company and Elevator, which was put in oper- 
 ation in 1898 with a capacity of a million bush- 
 els. The elevator is equipped with the most 
 modern outfit for handling, making and stor- 
 ing malt. In 190u the company began the con- 
 struction of an addition to the building, which 
 has doubled its capacity. About twenty-eight 
 men are employed here in the manufacture of 
 malt, which finds a market in the East and in 
 the South. Charles Plewa is a native of Ger- 
 many, and came to this country in 1887. Be- 
 fore leaving his native land he had learned the 
 brewer traJe, and was in the employ of the 
 Independent Company until 1899. Mr. Plewa 
 was married in 1889 to Miss Emma Emanuel, a 
 native of Germany, and they are the parents of 
 one daughter, Clara, who was born December 
 16, 1891. 
 
 JOHN F. PLUMMEH. 
 
 John F. Plummer, a prominent and represen- 
 tative stockman of the Union Stock Yards, Chi- 
 cago, has attained his present enviable stand- 
 ing by the closest attention to every detail of 
 his business, whether it related to his employ- 
 er's interest and profit or concerned the com- 
 fort and satisfaction of his patrons. Courteous 
 to all, genial and open in his manner and exact 
 and systematic in all his business transactions, 
 he is well known and highly respected for his 
 many good qualities and manly character. 
 
 Mr. Plummer was born July 20, 1855, on a 
 farm about two miles from Leesburg, Ind.. 
 where he was reared and educated, finishing 
 his schooling in the Normal School at Val- 
 paraiso, Ind. His paternal grandparents, John 
 and Elizabeth (Harvey) Plummer, as well as 
 his mother's parents, Fielding and Elizabeth 
 (Miller) Luttrell, were all born in South Caro- 
 lina. Eli Plummer, his father, was a native 
 of Union County, Ind., and his mother, Mary 
 Luttrell, of Fairfield County, Ohio. The Plum- 
 
978 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 mer family still owns and occupies the farm 
 in Kosciusko County, Ind., where John F. was 
 born, and which was secured on a Government 
 deed in 1S36. 
 
 John F. Plummer was early recognized as a 
 man of character anJ probity, as well as intel- 
 ligence and reliability, and when he left school 
 and came home to take his part in the work of 
 his community, was made Justice of the Peace 
 at Leesburg, a position he held for fourteen 
 years. At the same time he was engaged in 
 farming, and early drifted into the cattle busi- 
 ness, buying and shippiing stock to Chicago. 
 It was a business for which he had a natural 
 fitness, and which gradually became his sole 
 employment. In 1894 he removed to Chicago, 
 to form a connection with the firm of Root, 
 Norton & Company, going on the road for them 
 some three years, and in 1897 becoming their 
 salesman at the Stock Yards. The following 
 year he became Secretary and Treasurer of the 
 Lowry Commission Company, which gave place, 
 August 1, 1899, to the corporation of the 
 Archey, Son & Plummer Company, with Mr. 
 Plummer in the same position. Mr. Plummer 
 is now (1904) senior member of the firm of J. 
 F. Plummer & Co. 
 
 Mr. Plummer was united in marriage, April 
 24, 1877, to Miss Amanda Long, and of this 
 union there have been four children, two of 
 whom are now living, viz.: Radol L. and 
 Othelia. 
 
 SAMUEL POOLE, 
 Engineer of Engine No. 27, Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, was born in Hamilton, Canada, on 
 December 29, 1858. His father, Samuel Poole, 
 was a native of Birmingham, England, and his 
 mother, Mary (English) Poole, was born in 
 Ireland. 
 
 Engineer Poole is a self-educated man. He 
 came to Chicago in 1864, and worked for Wal- 
 worth, Twohig & Furse, the Crane Manufactur- 
 ing Company, and Haxton Steamfitting Com- 
 pany, as steam-fitter, and thirteen years for 
 Isaac I. Eaton & Company on steamboat work. 
 He then carried on a shop of his own for steam- 
 fitting; later worked for the Board of Educa- 
 tion and also for Kerns and Crane, refitting 
 City Hall. He joined the Fire Department Oc- 
 tober 26. 1886, and worked on Fire-Boat "Gey- 
 ser." steam-fitting; later fitted up Hook & Lad- 
 der hou.se No. 3, and was then transferred to 
 Engine 40, as assistant Engineer; went out 
 of business in July 14, 1888, but returned July 
 12. 1890, when he fitted up Engines 3 and 28; 
 also Trucks 8 and 11, Engine h. Trucks 2, 18 
 Engine ',] ; on December 7, 1894, was sent to 
 Engine 14 as acting Engineer; in 1897 was 
 transferred to Engine 4 as Engineer and then 
 went wherever ordere.l, repairing heaters; is 
 now Engineer on No. 27 by promotion. An- 
 other brave fireman who is always ready to 
 rcKpond to the call of the fire alarm. 
 
 ROfJEKS PORTER. 
 RogerH Porter (deceased) was born In Frome, 
 
 Somersetshire, England, November 26, 1844, and 
 died in Chicago July 29, 1902. The years which 
 lie between these two dates furnish the life his- 
 tory of one of earth's noblemen, and, were the 
 events of his life chronicled, the resulting story 
 would prove of marvelous interest and charm 
 to the general reader. Twenty-eight years of 
 Mr. Porter's existence were spent on foreign 
 soil. He enjoyed the privilege of traveling ex- 
 tensively during this period, visiting the Orient 
 and traveling overland across the continent of 
 South America, while all parts of Europe were 
 alike familiar to him. It was not until the 
 year 1872 that Mr. Porter reached America, 
 but he at once found employment in the office 
 of the Western Department of the Phcenix In- 
 surance Company of Hartford, at Cincinnati, 
 where he remained twelve months. Chicago's 
 fame as a busy, bustling city reached his ears 
 and he journeyed thither in search of fortune. 
 When he arrived at the Western metropolis, he 
 secured a position in the local agency of the 
 same Insurance Company under the manage- 
 ment of James Ayers. His zeal and interest 
 in the work at once caused the concern to 
 realize the sterling worth of Mr. Porter, and 
 larger fields of usefulness were soon opened to 
 him. On August 26, 1880, Mr. Porter was united 
 in marriage with Miss Millie C. Long of Lewis- 
 ton, Pa., and this union was regarded by all his 
 friends as a most fortunate event in his life. 
 To Mr. Porter and his wife one son was born, 
 Arthur Rogers Porter. 
 
 Having gained much practical experience as a 
 fire underwriter, it was expected that Mr. Por- 
 ter would soon be found in the front rank among 
 insurance men, and his friends were not at all 
 surprised when, in 1888, he was otTereJ a posi- 
 tion with the Western Department of the Ger- 
 man-American Company, being soon promoted 
 to the office of Assistant Manager, which he 
 occupied until the time of his death. Having 
 secured recognition from the business world, 
 Mr. Porter could afford to enter the social 
 arena, and he became a member of the Union 
 League, and the Athletic and Midlothian Clubs, 
 where, as in business life, his value as a pub- 
 lic-spirited citizen was not slow in becoming 
 recognized. Mr. Porter possessed broad and lib- 
 eral views along many lines, so that it was for 
 him an easy task to win the respect and confi- 
 dence of all those with whom he came in con- 
 tact. In manner and deportment he was quiet 
 and somewhat reserved, though possessed of a 
 courtesy never failing and a temperament al- 
 ways genial. Though hampered to a certain 
 extent by a rather frail physique, he seldom 
 complained, but labored ever with a zeal un- 
 ceasing in its intensity. No duty, no trial, 
 seemed too great to overcome, while his loy- 
 alty to all obligations, and his candor and up- 
 rightness, added to his richly endowed mental- 
 ity, made him welcome everywhere. Along in- 
 surance lines his worth and value were fully 
 recognized. That Mr. Porter contributed much 
 toward the success of his iiulividual company, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 979 
 
 all acknowledge with pride, and his professional 
 brethren will long hold his memory sacred. 
 With regard to his political tendencies, Mr. 
 Porter affiliated with the Republican party, but 
 he was by no means what is termed a poli- 
 tician. 
 
 He was a member of the Episcopal denom- 
 ination, and, when he died, it was said of him 
 that he "had lived a pure and useful life, and 
 had possessed a conscience void of offense to- 
 ward God and his fellow-men" — a verdict the 
 world is slow to bestow. 
 
 On July 29th, 1902, at two o'clock in the 
 morning, came the summons which no one can 
 ever disregard, and Mr. Porter's spirit left the 
 mortal frame slumbering within the chamber 
 of his late residence. No. 3417 South Park Av- 
 enue, while the soul returned to God who 
 gave it. And thus passed away a truly good 
 man — a man whose capacity for friendship had 
 been large, and who thus had left many persons 
 to regret his departure. The wife of his youth 
 still survives Mr. Porter. The son, Arthur, is 
 finishing his education at Cornell University, 
 and for the time-being the home is somewhat 
 broken up. But it is characteristic of humanity 
 to dream of reunion, of eternal peace and 
 rest where home ties ne'er can be broken again, 
 and that intuitive desire causes one to think of 
 meeting in the "Great Beyond," where home life 
 can never be disturbed, for no death can enter 
 Heaven. 
 
 M. W. POWELL, 
 
 M. W. Powell, manufacturer and contractor, 
 Chicago, veteran fireman and late Colonel Sixth 
 Regiment Illinois National Guard, was born at 
 Ebensburg, Pa., September 13, 1831, the son of 
 David and Mary (Morgan) Powell, his father 
 being a stock farmer and of Welsh ancestry, 
 while his mother was of English descent. 
 
 Mr. Powell lived on the farm until about 
 twenty years of age, in the meantime attending 
 the public school in his native State. In 1850 
 he came to the city of Chicago, and here, for a 
 time, availed himself of the advantages of a 
 night school. The following winter after his 
 arrival in Chicago, he went to Arkansas and en- 
 gaged in rafting lumber on the Red River. This 
 course he followed for several years, going 
 South each winter and returning to Chicago in 
 the spring, where he spent the summer months. 
 Here he became associated with B. F. Barrett 
 in learning the roofing business, with whom he 
 remained during the summer for four years, 
 receiving an increase of salary each succeeding 
 year. He then spent some time as mate on 
 board a steamer plying between St. Louis and 
 New Orleans, but returning to Chicago in the 
 spring of 1856 entered into partnership with a 
 Mr. Mansfield in the roofing business. A year 
 later he succeeded in consolidating the firm of 
 Powell & Mansfield with that of his former em- 
 ployer, Mr. Barrett, under the firm name of 
 Barrett, Powell & Company, which continued in 
 the roofing business for ten or twelve years. 
 At the end of this period Mr. Powell organized 
 
 the M. W. Powell Roofing Company, of which he 
 has been President and Business Manager ever 
 since. He is also associated with two other 
 companies, including the Powell-West Paving 
 Company and the Peacock Coal Company, being 
 President of both. The first named company is 
 engaged in cement and asphalt side-walk and 
 street-paving, and the latter in the coal and oil 
 business, operating mines and wells in Ohio. 
 For some fifty-six years Colonel Powell has been 
 engaged in the manufacture of roofing material. 
 He is a strong believer in asphalt as the only 
 suitable paving material for the city of Chicago. 
 Colonel Powell was prominently identified with 
 the Chicago Fire Department at an early day, 
 for fifteen years being connected successively 
 with the Volunteer and the Paid Department, 
 and for all but six months of this time being an 
 officer in the service. He organized the La 
 Fayette Fire Company, No. 4, of which he was 
 foreman for seven and a half years and engineer 
 for seven years. At the present time he is one 
 of the two surviving Engineers of the old Volun- 
 teer Department, and one of the four Captains 
 still living. Among his most valued mementoes 
 of this period are a silver cup and trumpet and 
 a gold badge given him by the companies in 
 which he held office. 
 
 During the Spanish-American War Colonel 
 Powell organized a provisional regiment for that 
 conflict, but it was not called into actual serv- 
 ice. He is a member of the Builders' Club and 
 the Chicago Builders' Exchange; is a Thirty- 
 second Degree Mason, and, for over forty years. 
 a member of the Occidental Consistory. Other 
 organizations of the fraternity with which he is 
 associated include Cleveland Lodge, No. 211; 
 Washington Chapter, No. 28, and as a charter 
 member of the Chicago Comandery, No. 19, K. T. 
 
 Colonel Powell was married November 3, 
 1855, in the city of Chicago, to Elizabeth Prit- 
 chard, formerly of the city of Milwaukee, and 
 they have had four children: Charles, who died 
 in infancy; George H., who died in 1902; Emma 
 and Lillian. 
 
 As a business man. Colonel Powell has had an 
 active and strenuous career, and by stalwart 
 energy and intelligent, well-directed enterprise 
 has achieved success while maintaining a clean 
 business record. During his long connection 
 with the roofing business he has taken out a 
 number of patents which have proved of great 
 value. 
 
 SAMUEL E. POWERS. 
 
 Captain Samuel E. Powers, City Time keeper. 
 Chicago, with the oflScial position of city yard- 
 man, was born in Chicago, July 31, 1838, and 
 educated in his native place. His father, Wil- 
 liam R. Powers, was born in Meadville, Pa. 
 and his mother, Melissa (Perry) Powers, in 
 Malone, N. Y. His grandparents, Samuel and 
 Katie (Swailes) Powers, and his great-grand- 
 parents, Alexander and Katie (McDonald) Pow- 
 ers, were all natives of Ireland. Ebenezer and 
 Sarah (Campbell) Perry, his matei-nal grand- 
 parents, were born in St. Lawrence County, 
 
gSo 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 N. Y.. and his great-grandparents, Ebenezer and 
 Sarah (Loughson) Perry, were natives of Scot- 
 land. Captain Powers' parents came to America 
 in 1834 and 1835, the mother coming at the 
 earlier date and locating at St. Charles, Kane 
 County, 111., where they were married in June, 
 1837. They became the parents of a family of 
 five children, of whom Samuel E. was the first 
 born; Julia married Col. Charles 0. Goodrich, of 
 St. Charles, who was an officer of the Eleventh 
 Illinois Cavalry during the Civil War. They 
 now reside near Pine River Agency, Neb., and at 
 the time of an uprising of the Indians, she 
 made a famous ride by night to Ainsworth, a 
 distance of sixty-five miles, and the nearest 
 point where troops cotild be called for, to arouse 
 the country to the danger of the outbreak. The 
 Colonel, with about 150 ranchmen, held the Indi- 
 ans at bay tintil the arrival of troops. In this 
 ride Mrs. Goodrich carried an infant in her 
 arms and a boy of seven years strapped to her 
 horse. She is still living, and for this heroic 
 act. the State Legislattire in 1900 voted to pre- 
 sent her a substantial gift in recognition of her 
 services at a cost of $160. The daughter Hattie 
 married George Lewis, a mechanic in Philadel- 
 phia. William Rankin still resides unmarried 
 at the old home. One child died from influenza. 
 The father died in 1886 at the age of seventy- 
 eight years, and the mother in 1891 in her 
 eighty-seventh year. The elder Powers was a 
 contractor, and built the first bridge across Fox 
 River, at St. Charles, and the first dam at 
 Geneva. He constructed the first thirty miles 
 of the old Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, 
 now a part of the Northwestern, and for many 
 years followed the contracting business. 
 
 Captain Samuel E. Powers received a limited 
 education, and early engaged in business for 
 himself, his first engagement being with the 
 Butler & Hunt Paper Company, of Chicago, in 
 1848. with whom he remained until the outbreak 
 of the rebellion, when, on July 15, 1862, he en- 
 listed in the Seventy-fourth Illinois Infantry, 
 being enrolled as a member of Company B. He 
 participated in the battles of Perryville, Crabb 
 Orchard, McMinnville, Nashville, Stone River. 
 and Murfreesborough. at the latter losing an 
 eye. Here he was promoted to a lieutenancy, 
 and at the battle of Franklin won his captaincy 
 September 1, 1864, he resigned from the service 
 on account of disability. In 1870 he entered 
 Into the fancy wood and veneer trade, which 
 proved disastrous. 
 
 Captain Powers was married, December 19. 
 1803, to p:mma I. Lynd, of St. Charles. III., and 
 to them have been i)orn two children: Frankie, 
 born April 2.'), 1865, and Hattie, born February 
 13, 1808. The latter married A. B. Fagan ,and 
 has a family of three children: Julia, Ellen and 
 Samuel Arthur. 
 
 JOHN J. PRENDERGAST. 
 Captain on Engine No. 54. Chicago Fire Depart 
 menl. WBH born In Youghal. County Cork, Ire 
 land. June 29. 1857. and educated in Mount 
 
 Mellery Seminary, County Waterford. After 
 leaving school in 1871, he went to sea with his 
 father, and served from apprenticeship as a 
 seaman to master on the ocean and lakes. He 
 came to America in 1876, but returned to his 
 native place in Ireland, in 1878, and married 
 Miss Margaret Corcoran. He came to America 
 in April, 1884, and followed the lakes on the 
 schooner John M. Hutchinson, and later on the 
 schooner George M. Case, which .was ship- 
 wrecked on Lake Erie, October 14, 1886. Mr. 
 Prendergast and another man were all that 
 were saved of a crew of eight, after spending 
 six and a half hours in the water. He came to 
 Chicago and joined the Fire Department June 
 26, 1887, on Hook and Ladder Company No. 4, 
 Town of Lake. October 1, 1887, he was trans- 
 ferred to Hook and Ladder Company No. 3, 
 Town of Lake; July 11, 1888, to Engine No. 1., 
 Town of Lake, and in April, 1899, was promoted 
 to the captaincy on Engine No. 7, so remaining 
 until annexation to the city of Chicago, when 
 the number of the engine was changed to 54 
 where he is still on dtity, serving with charac- 
 teristic promptness and fidelity. He has had 
 many narrow escapes while sailing and at fires 
 At a fire at Seventy-first Street and Cottage 
 Grove Avenue, he rescued William Calmann, 
 who was hanging by a single wire in the court- 
 way, with the assistance of Pipeman Kasmann, 
 pulling Calmann through the window after he 
 let go the wire. Captain Prendergast was mar- 
 ried, in Youghal, Ireland, October 6, 1878, to 
 Miss Margaret Corcoran, and eight children 
 have been born to them, six of whom are now 
 living. 
 
 WILLIAM PRENTISS. 
 
 William Prentiss, ex-State's Attorney, lawyer 
 and politician, was born in Davenport, Iowa, 
 September 19. 1848, and, during his infancy, was 
 taken by his parents to Schuyler County, 111. 
 whence the family shortly afterwards removed 
 to Vermont. Fulton County, where the father 
 who was a physician, died in 1854. In 1860 the 
 mother married James Manley, a farmer at 
 McDonough County, 111., and, upon the farm of 
 his step-father, Mr. Prentiss soon became famil- 
 iar with all the duties and labor of the fields 
 through the summer months, while attending 
 the district school in the winter season. He 
 subsequently continued his education in a sem- 
 inary at Abingdon, 111., in the State Normal 
 School at Normal, and at Knox College, Gales- 
 burg, but before graduation, his health having 
 failed him, he was obliged to abandon his col- 
 lege course. 
 
 In 1850 Mr. Prentiss removed to Minnesota 
 for the benefit of his health, remaining in that 
 Stale for seven years. He there entered a tract 
 of government land, which he transformed into 
 a good farm, and in connection with his farm- 
 ing oi)erations wliile in Minnesota, also taught 
 sciiool and was Superintendent of Schools in 
 Cottonwood County for three years. He began 
 the study of law in the office of Hon. Daniel 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 981 
 
 Buck, of Mankato, now a member of the Su- 
 preme Court of Minnesota. In 1878 he returned 
 to Macomb, 111., was admitted to the bar, and 
 the same year was elected State's Attorney for 
 McDonough County to fill a vacancy. In 1880 
 he was elected Mayor of Macomb, being the only 
 Democrat elected to that office in more than 
 twenty years — that city being the Republican 
 stronghold of the county. In 1885, after an ex- 
 perience of only seven years at the bar, he was 
 the choice of the legal fraternity of McDonough 
 County, without regard to party, for Circuit 
 Judge, and received the nomination of the Dem- 
 ocratic judicial convention at a time when a bill 
 was pending in the Legislature providing for an 
 increase in the number of Circuit Judges. The 
 act failed to pass in the Lower House by a few 
 votes, and Mr. Prentiss consequently failed of 
 election to the position which he would undoubt- 
 edly have received had the law passed, as his 
 district was strongly Democratic. As advocate 
 or counsel he was retained on one side or the 
 other of nearly all the important cases tried in 
 the courts of McDonough County, and also had 
 a large clientage in adjoining counties. 
 
 Seeking a broader field of labor, Mr. Prentiss 
 came to Chicago in 1891, and almost immedi- 
 ately came into prominence as a leader of the 
 Democratic party in this city. In 1895, he re- 
 ceived the nomination for Circuit Judge of Cook 
 County, but a Republican tidal wave swept the 
 district that year and he was defeated, as he 
 was again in 1897, when once more a candidate. 
 In 1896 he was a delegate to the Democratic 
 National Convention, and took an active part 
 in the campaign of that year. He is very pop- 
 ular in Democratic ranks and highly esteemed 
 by many of the leaders of the party. 
 
 Mr. Prentiss was united in marriage, in 1876, 
 to Miss Elizabeth Helen McCaughey of Fulton 
 County, 111., and to them were born three sons 
 The eldest, James Manley, was drowned in 1893 
 at the age of nineteen years, while boating on 
 Lake Michigan. He was accompanied by a 
 young lady, whose life he saved at the sacrifice 
 of his own. The other sons, Jackson McCaughey 
 and William, are attending school. Mr. Prentiss 
 is a man of genial temperament, of gentlemanly 
 deportment and cordial disposition, and his so- 
 cial qualities render him a favorite among all 
 classes with whom he is brought in contact. 
 
 THEODORE L. PRESCOTT, 
 Telegraph Operator, was born October 21, 1839, 
 the son of Wright and Panther Prescott, anJ 
 received his education in Canadaigua, N. Y In 
 September, 1861, he enlisted in the Twelfth Reg- 
 iment, Iowa Infantry, and served until the close 
 of the war, the greater part of this time being 
 under command of Gen. W. T. Sherman. Mr, 
 Prescott is a Protestant in religious faith, a 
 Republican in politics and a telegraph operator 
 by occupation. He was married in Chicago, in 
 1868, to Lizzie Edwards, and has six children, 
 viz.: Edward L., Victor, Harry, Charles, Eva 
 and Birdie. 
 
 PETER PRICE, 
 Postoffice Printer, Chicago, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, July 17, 1846. His paternal great- 
 grandfather, William Price, was a native of 
 Wales and his maternal great-grandfather, 
 Michael Rittenburg, of Germany. His paternal 
 grandparents were William Price, born in 
 Wales, and Sarah Hale, born in England; his 
 maternal grandparents were Michael Ritten- 
 burg, of Albany, N. Y., and Abigail Cody 
 Sprague, of Massachusetts. His father was Jo- 
 seph Price, and his mother, Sarah Rittenburg, 
 the former born in Gloucestershire, England, 
 and the latter in Farmington, N. Y. 
 
 Peter Price was educated in the public schools 
 of Cleveland. After leaving school he enlisted 
 in Cleveland, October 8, 1863, as a private in 
 Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which served gallantly 
 in the Army of the Cumberland, and he partici- 
 pated in all the campaigns of his regiment until 
 the close of the war. He was mustered out and 
 honorably discharged from service at Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., July 9, 1865. He came to Chicago 
 early in April, 1882, and entered the service of 
 the United States Government at the Chicago 
 Postoffice, on the first day of February, 1894, 
 where he still remains. He was promoted by 
 appointment, to the position of Postoffice 
 Printer, March 1, 1896, which he has continued 
 to fill to the entire satisfaction of the officials 
 and his associates up to the present time. He 
 was married to Almeda Westcott, in New York 
 City, February 17, 1874. 
 
 JAMES K. PUMPELLY. 
 A progressive age, by bringing the wondrous 
 discoveries of science more and more intimately 
 into men's daily lives, has multiplied wants and 
 correspondingly stimulated a constantly grow- 
 ing demand for new inventions. He who can 
 furnish a new appliance which will successfully 
 meet even one of these constantly multiplying 
 wants, has earned for himself a claim upon the 
 gratitude of an exacting generation. It is in 
 connection with such a discovery that the name 
 of Pumpelly has become familiar to both the 
 scientific and commercial worlds. As the in- 
 ventor of the storage battery which bears his 
 name, he has not only won fame and fortune 
 for himself, but has proved himself a public 
 benefactor. James K. Pumpelly was born at 
 Oswego, Tioga County, N. Y., April 25, 1837. 
 After graduating from Yale University, in 1857, 
 he spent several months in European travel, re- 
 turning to this country in the winter of 1858. 
 The next two and a half years he spent at Fond 
 Ju Lac, Wis., attending to his father's landed 
 interests in that State, and in July, 1861, he re- 
 cruited a company for the Thirty-third Wiscon- 
 sin Volunteers, being chosen and commissioned 
 its First Lieutenant. He served with gallantry 
 and distinction for two years, but in 1863 ill 
 health compelled him to tender his resignation. 
 Returning to Fond du Lac he resumed the man- 
 agement of his father's property, remaining 
 
982 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 There until 1S85, when he came to Chicago. 
 Meanwhile he had invented an electrical storage 
 battery, on which he held patents of very con- 
 siderable value. His chief object in coming to 
 Chicago was to organize a company for its 
 manufacture and sale. This he effected in 1886. 
 The name of the concern was the Pumpelly 
 Storage Battery and Motor Company, of which 
 he was the Vice-President. This company man- 
 ufactured the first storage battery ever made in 
 the West for commercial use. For three years 
 an up-hill fight was made, and at the end of 
 that time a dissolution was deemed best, and 
 was effected. 
 
 Mr. Pumpelly, however, was not discouraged. 
 He secured new patents, covering improvements 
 in his original device and succeeded in organiz- 
 ing the Pumpelly-Sorley Storage Battery Com- 
 pany, Joseph Cummings being President, Mr 
 Purnpelly Vice-President, and B. B. Arnold, man- 
 ager. After two years of success this company 
 disposed of its patents and business to the 
 Electric Storage Battery Company, of Philadel- 
 phia, for $100,000, the inventor being given a 
 remunerative position, which he continued to 
 fill for two years, when he left the employ of 
 the company to become manager of the Crofton 
 Storage Battery Company, of Chicago, at the 
 same time filling the office of Vice-President. 
 On the death of Mr. Benjamin Williams, the 
 President, the company went into liquidation 
 and its affairs were wound up. Mr. Pumpelly 
 obtained title to the patents under which it had 
 operated, and began the manufacture of stor- 
 age batteries on his own account, in which line 
 of business he is still engaged. Lightness, en- 
 durance and moderate cost are the ends which 
 the inventor has kept steadily in view, and his 
 success is shown by the adaptability of his bat- 
 tery to the propulsion of the electric motocycle. 
 Mrs. Pumpelly's maiden name was Eliza W. 
 Beall, to whom Mr. Pumpelly was married at 
 Fond du Lac, Wis., September 17, 1861. Their 
 only child — a son — is deceased. 
 
 JOHN A. REAGAN. 
 John A. Reagan, Superintendent of the Mer- 
 rett Elevator, Chicago, was born at Pottstown, 
 Pa., in 1872, and married in 1898. Fraternallv 
 he is a Mason of high standing and a member of 
 the Mystic Shrine. The Merrett Elevator was 
 erected on the Calumet River, at Ninety-eighth 
 Street, in 1900, and Mr. Reagan assumed the 
 position of Superintendent when it was opened. 
 It has a storage capacity of 650,000 bushels, and, 
 with its four rising legs, is capable of unloading 
 one hundred car-loads of grain per day, and is 
 fitted to load either lake vessels in the river or 
 cars on the track. Its machinery is of the 
 most modern variety, both as to cleaners and 
 cllpperK, as well as its steam-power furnished 
 Ijy four boilers of (",'><) horse-power. The con- 
 cern furnlsheK employment to eighteen men. 
 I'revlouH to his conned Ion with the Merrett El- 
 evator, Mr. Reagan was foreman of the Calumet 
 Elevator for six years, and, at a still earlier 
 
 date, was engaged in the grain and feed busi- 
 ness in Philadelphia. 
 
 WILLIAM H. REED, 
 Assistant Engineer of Engine 74, Chicago Fire 
 Department, was born in Ottawa, 111., September 
 19, 1867, and educated in the public schools of 
 Ottawa and Chicago. After leaving school he 
 .went to work for his father, who was engineer 
 at the E. P. Wilce & Co. planing mill, for eight 
 years. He then joined the Fire Department, 
 working in the repair shop until June 5, 1891, 
 when he took charge of Engine 46, January 12, 
 1895, was transferred to Engine 74, and still 
 remains as Assistant Engineer. Has always 
 been ready for any duty that may arise, and 
 has never been injured at the fires he has at- 
 tended. 
 
 Mr. Reed was married in Chicago, July 24, 
 1893, to Miss Jennie Sypole, and two children 
 have blessed their union. 
 
 ARTHUR D. REHM. 
 Arthur D. Rehm was born in Chicago, Janu- 
 ary 10, 1870, the son of Andrew and Mary Rehm, 
 who were natives of Alsace, France, and Beaver 
 Falls, N. Y., respectively. His paternal grand- 
 parents, Jacob and Salome Rehm, and his 
 maternal grandparents, Albert and Ann Son- 
 timer, were all born in Germany. The subject 
 of this sketch has a military record to which 
 he can point with pride, having served during 
 the Spanish-American War. For one year and 
 a day he was Second Lieutenant of Company 
 F, Second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, during 
 three months of which time the regiment was 
 on duty in Cuba. He was then Captain and 
 Inspector of the Rifle Practice from July 15, 
 1899, until July 1, 1900, and appointed Captain 
 and Adjutant of the Second Regiment Illinois 
 National Guard, July 1, 1900, to date of issue 
 on Col. J. E. Stuart's staff. Mr. Rehm is a 
 Republican and is in the fire insurance busi- 
 ness, having an office at 92 LaSalle St. He was 
 married in Chicago, June 16, 1896, to Miss Chris 
 tina M. Lobstein, and two children — Ionia J. 
 and George Andrew — have blessed their union. 
 
 ARTHUR ROWLEY REYNOLDS. 
 
 Arthur Rowley Reynolds, M. D., Commis- 
 sioner of Health of the City of Chicago, has so 
 discharged the important duties of that respon- 
 sible position that his name has become familiar 
 to all students of city government the world 
 over. Dr. Reynolds was born on a farm near 
 Meaford, County Grey, Ontario, Canada, July 
 21, 1854. James and Sarah (Wilkinson) Reyn- 
 olds, were both born, educated and married in 
 the city of Dublin, Ireland, and emigrated to 
 Quebec in 1842. They lived five years at Pic- 
 ton, Ontario, but removed to Meaford in 1847. 
 Dr. ReynoULs' father is still living in Toronto, 
 and vigorous at the age of eighty-nine years. 
 
 Dr. Reynolds acquired his early education in 
 the country schools and in the high school at 
 Owen Sound. When he was" sufficiently pre- 
 pared he matriculated at the University of To- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 983 
 
 ronto, and entered upon the study of medicine. 
 After two terms spent in that University, the 
 young student took his third year at Bellevue 
 Hospital Medical College, from which he was 
 graduated in 1876, and immediately set up his 
 practice at Orion, Mich., in association with his 
 two brothers, both of whom were well estab- 
 lished practitioners at that point. In 1882 he 
 came to Chicago, where he soon won a stand- 
 ing among the more capable and reliable mem- 
 bers of the profession, taking much interest in 
 sanitary and health questions. 
 
 The appointment of Dr. Reynolds as Commis 
 sioner of the Health Department of Chicago, in 
 April, 1893, met with the very general approval 
 of the profession, and his capable administra- 
 tion of the duties of the office have won the pub- 
 lic favor. Under a change of party he was 
 rotated out of office, but in 1897 Mayor Harrison 
 recalled him to the position which he had so 
 ably held under the Mayor's father. Since his 
 first appointment to this office Dr. Reynolds 
 has given much thought and study to every 
 subject that touches the health of the city, and 
 in many most important respects the Depart- 
 ment of Health of the city of Chicago is now 
 without a rival in the world. It has closely 
 supervised the water supply, and at the first 
 evidence of any dangerous contamination of the 
 drinking water, at once sounds the alarm; it has 
 fought a vigilant fight with the ghouls who 
 would sell impure and tainted milk to the peo- 
 ple; its eye is on the ice, the fruit and other 
 food supplies; it has worked steadily for the 
 suppression of the smoke nuisance, and has 
 accomplished much, though hindered by inade 
 quate laws on the subject; its vigilant enforce 
 ment of vaccination has kept down small-pox 
 and prevented it from becoming a scourge; its 
 officers have done valuable service in the home 
 and in the school ; it has advocated a system of 
 free baths that is proving a great boon to the 
 poor. Chicago is now the healthiest large city 
 in the world, and its Department of Health is 
 frequently commended, not only in the medical 
 and sanitary publications of our own land, but 
 in those of other countries as well, very much 
 of the credit of this improved order being laid 
 directly at the door of Dr. Reynolds. 
 
 Dr. Reynolds belongs to the American Med- 
 ical Association, the Illinois State Medical So- 
 ciety, the Chicago Medical Society, the American 
 Public Health Association, the Sanitary Insti- 
 tute, of Great Britain, and writes much for 
 medical and sanitary publications. 
 
 DANIEL F. RICE, 
 Engineer on Engine 37 (Fire-Boat "Illinois"), 
 was born in Chicago, August 9, 1854, educated in 
 the Dearborn and Ogden public schools, and af- 
 ter leaving school went on the tug-boat "S. G. 
 Chase" one season, the next season taking a 
 place on the original tug "Ameritta Mosher," 
 and later serving on the tugs "J. L. Higgle," 
 "Protection," and "J. H. Hackley." He was then 
 employed on the propeller "Cuba" of the Com- 
 
 mercial Line, Buffalo, and later on propeller 
 "Colorado," then on tugs "J. H. Hackley," "W. 
 H. Wolff" and "Black Ball No. 2," until he 
 joined the Fire Department in December, 1884, 
 on Engine 10. He was transferred to Engine 14. 
 and later to Engine 37 (Fire-Boat "Alpha"), 
 September, 1885; to Fire-Boat "W. H. Alley" in 
 1886; to Engine 41 (Fire-Boat "Geyser") in 
 1890; and to Engine 37 (Fire-Boat "Illinois") 
 in 1898, and is still there ready for any emer- 
 gency. Mr. Rice has had many narrow escapes 
 but has never suffered any serious injuries. The 
 propeller "Cuba," upon which he was employed 
 in 1880, while crossing Saginaw Bay in a heavy 
 sea, broke the 10-inch discharge pipe under two 
 feet of water. While being lowered over the 
 side with a rope, he was hit on the head with 
 a plug and badly injured, but came out all right 
 and received honorable mention by the owners 
 of the boat. He was married to Miss Minnie 
 Snartman, December 4, 1886, and six children 
 have blessed their union, five of whom are 
 living. 
 
 WILLIAM H. RICE. 
 It is a pleasant task for the historian to 
 chronicle a career which has been distinguished 
 by patriotism, by faithful attention to duty as a 
 subordinate, and by a steady use of life's lad- 
 der until crowned by success. Such is the life- 
 story of Mr. William H. Rice, one of the fore- 
 most and most prosperous live-stock commission 
 merchants at the Union Stock Yards. He is a 
 farmer's son and was born near Frederick, 
 Schuyler County, 111., on March 17, 1846. At the 
 age of fourteen he left home to begin the world 
 for himself. His first commercial experience 
 was as clerk in a store at Frederick. At the 
 outbreak of the Civil War, he was made a pay- 
 master's clerk at Springfield, 111. This position 
 he filled for three years, when, having reached 
 the age of eighteen, he resolved to carry out his 
 long cherished desire to enter the army. Ac- 
 cordingly, he aided in recruiting Company K, 
 of the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois 
 Infantry. Notwithstanding his extreme youth 
 he was elected Lieutenant of the company. The 
 regiment was assigned to the Army of the Cum- 
 berland, and served with gallantry until the 
 close of the war. After being mustered out of 
 service he embarked in mercantile business, at 
 the same time buying live stock and shipping 
 it to Chicago. In 1886 he came to Chicago, and. 
 for the first three years after his arrival, trav- 
 eled and collected for the J. H. Campbell Com- 
 mission Company, subsequently being in the 
 employ of the Lee & Maxwell Company for a 
 like period. Since 1891 Chicago has been his 
 place of residence. In 1892 he formed a part- 
 nership with his brother, Thomas J., and George 
 W. Nixon, the name of the firm being Rice 
 Brothers & Nixon. On July 1, 1899, Mr. Nixon 
 retired, and since then the Rice Brothers have 
 carried on business successfully together. He 
 is endowed by nature with many traits which 
 win friends, being affable, generous and courte- 
 ous. 
 
984 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 His wife's maiden name was Sarah M. Brunk 
 to whom he was married at Rushville, 111., on 
 October 12, 1863. Four of their five children are 
 yet living, a son, Thomas J., having died in 
 infancy. The eldest daughter, Delia C, married 
 I. W. Moore, a Chicago grocer; Laura I. married 
 Dr. J. R. McDougall; Oscar A. is cashier and 
 office man, and Charles R. is a salesman — both 
 brothers being in the employ of Rice Brothers 
 In politics, Mr. Rice is a true Republicao, and 
 is a member of Columbia Post, No. 706, G. A. R. 
 
 ALEXANDER M. RICHEY, 
 Engineer, Engine 82, Chicago Fire Department, 
 was born in Brockville, Canada, November 24, 
 1860; came to Chicago with his parents in June, 
 1863, and attended the Hayes, King and Skinner 
 schools. After leaving school, he learned and 
 worked at the machinist's trade until he joined 
 the Fire Department, December 21, 1890. He 
 was employed at the repair shop for a time, and 
 was assigned to Engine 62, when it was organ- 
 ized. May 14, 1891; was transferred to Engine 
 55, December 6, 1892; to Engine 42, February L 
 1897; and to Engine 82, April 15, 1897. He has 
 never been hurt, and is always ready to respond 
 to all calls to duty. He was married in Lanark. 
 111., November 19, 1884, to Miss Laura P. Crot- 
 zer, and two children have blessed this union. 
 
 ALFRED G. RITER, 
 Assistant Bridge and Steamboat Engineer, was 
 born in St. Louis, Mo.. September 28, 1864; came 
 to Chicago in 1871 with the Relief Expedition 
 from St. Louis, and attended the Wells public 
 school and West Division High Schools, gradu- 
 ating in 1880. After leaving school he went 
 west for the Delaware Bridge Company, Decem- 
 ber 2, 1880; then returned to Chicago and 
 worked for A. Gottlieb until March 5, 1885, when 
 he went into the City Engineer's office, and 
 worked for the Sanitary District for one year. 
 Here he held different positions from assistant 
 draughtsman to the City Bridge Department, 
 and for some time Assistant Structural Engi- 
 neer in connection with the Division of Archi- 
 tecture, during which he prepared plans for the 
 Boulevard Connecting Tunnel for lake front 
 and the downtown street subway. Mr. Riter 
 was married to Miss Sophia D. Vetter, in Chi- 
 cago. November 20, 1889. One child was born 
 to them, but is deceased. 
 
 .JAMES H. ROACH, 
 Assistant Engineer, Sixty-eighth Street Pump- 
 ing Station, was born in Piedmont, W. Va., 
 October 30, 1863, and educated in the district 
 schools. After leaving school he served an ap- 
 prenticeship in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
 shops at Piedmont, remaining there four years, 
 when he came to C'hicago, where he worked for 
 the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company for 
 one year; later was employed by the Chicago 
 & Northwestern Railroad Company one year 
 and by the IllinoiH Steel Company for three 
 yearH. Then he was employed by the Wal)ash 
 
 Railroad Company for eight months, and by the 
 Standard Oil Company at Irondale, on engines 
 and at machine shops, for three years; by the 
 Union Rolling Mills, at Bridgeport, for three 
 years, and at the Seventy-third Street Pumping 
 Station for eighteen months. He was connected 
 for a time with the Chicago, Lake Shore & West- 
 ern Railroad Company, and later as Gang Fore- 
 man, until 1897, when he returned to Seventy- 
 third Street Pumping Station as Chief Engi- 
 neer; then, having taken an examination for 
 promotion from the fourth to fifth grade, was 
 assigned to Sixty-eighth Street Pumping Sta- 
 tion, January 8, 1901, as Assistant Engineer. 
 
 CHARLES O. ROBINSON. 
 
 This gentleman, a son of the late lamented 
 Joseph M. Robinson, whom he has emulated in 
 activity, sound sense, integrity and geniality of 
 disposition, is one of the prominent, prosperous 
 live-stock commission merchants doing business 
 at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago. He was 
 born at Burlington, Iowa, May 6, 1862, and at- 
 tended the public and private schools of that 
 city until 1875, when he came to Chicago, and at 
 once entered the employment of his father's 
 firm, J. M. Robinson & Company. Shortly after 
 his father's death this house was temporarily 
 succeeded by Charles O. Robinson & Co., which, 
 on September 13, 1886, was changed to Clay, 
 Robinson & Co. This concern is still engaged 
 in business, and is one of the largest and most 
 successful houses in its line in the West. On 
 November 17, 1886, Mr. Robinson was married 
 to Miss Minnie Muller, of Chicago. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Robinson have been called upon to mourn 
 the loss of both their children. 
 
 HERBERT E. ROBINSON. 
 Herbert E. Robinson was born in Marshall, 
 Michigan, Dec. 2, 1865; was educated in the 
 public schools, and after leaving school, was 
 employed at Detroit on the electrical works 
 controlled by the Michigan Bell Telephone Com 
 pany. Coming to Chicago, September 25, 1884, 
 he was employed by the Chicago Telephone 
 Company until April 11, 1887, then by the Calu- 
 met Publishing Company, in South Chicago, 
 until April 11, 1889. He was married to Miss 
 Minnie Forsberg, in Chicago, November 10, 1890. 
 and two children have been born to them. 
 
 JOSEPH M. ROBINSON. 
 Joseph M. Robinson (deceased), pioneer cat- 
 tle-dealer and live-stock commission merchant 
 was born at Washington Court House, Fayette 
 County, Ohio, March 15, 1824, educated in the 
 district school, and. after leaving school, drove 
 cattle from Ohio to Philadelphia and New York 
 walking both ways, and, later, in company with 
 David Selzer, drove cattle from different parts 
 of Illinois to New York on foot; also took two 
 droves of cattle from west of the Mississippi 
 to New York in the same way, the trip occupying 
 108 days. He next engaged in the pork-packing 
 business at Burlington, Iowa; also devoted his 
 
HISTORICAL E'NlCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 985 
 
 attention to feeding and raising live stock. In 
 1874 lie came to Chicago and organized the firm 
 of J. M. Robinson & Company at the Union 
 Stock Yards. This firm, at his death, was suc- 
 ceeded by Charles 0. Robinson & Co., and on 
 September 13, 1886, the firm of Clay, Robinson 
 & Co. succeeded to the business of J. M. Robin- 
 son & Co. and Charles O. Robinson & Co. Joseph 
 M. Robinson was married to Miss Margaret J. 
 Jones, of Wilmington, Ohio, and eight children 
 were born to them, of whom four are now liv- 
 ing. Mr. Robinson passed away at his resi- 
 dence, 3161 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, July 21, 
 1886, a few days after having made a visit to 
 the plains of Kansas. He was a very active 
 and energetic man, and his loss was widely felt. 
 
 DANIEL E. ROOT. 
 Daniel E. Root (deceased), whose varied ca- 
 reer as soldier, live-stock dealer and Cook 
 County Commissioner, displayed many qualities 
 and business ability of a high order, was born 
 in Baltimore, Md., July 5, 1837, where he ac- 
 quired his education in the common schools. 
 When only nineteen years of age he was ap- 
 pointed by the Governor of the State book- 
 keeper of Tobacco Warehouse, No. 5, and very 
 acceptably discharged the duties of that position 
 until 1857, when he resigned and went to Kan- 
 sas. He was in that State at the outbreak of the 
 Civil War .and very promptly volunteered for 
 service in the Union Army as a member of the 
 Eighth Kansas Volunteer Infantry. He proved 
 to be an energetic and capable soldier, and, 
 though nominated and elected as both Captain 
 and First Lieutenant, refused to accept either 
 office, preferring to continue in the ranks 
 through the war. At the termination of the war, 
 Mr. Root was mustered out of service, and 
 selling his Kansas land at a good figure, in 1866, 
 removed to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, where he en- 
 gaged in buying and selling stock, shipping to 
 the Union Stock Yards and becoming thorough- 
 ly familiar with the business. In 1874 he came 
 to Chicago to sell hogs for Samuel Coffman, N. 
 B. Ream and Cyrus Allen, who had formed a 
 partnership under the firm name of Coffman, 
 Ream & Allen. In 1879 Mr. Root became a mem- 
 ber of the firm of Winsted, Allen & Root, from 
 which he retired three years later, to sell hogs 
 for Parmalee, Hanna & Scott, with whom he 
 continued for ten years. Then the firm of Root, 
 Norton & Company was organized, which gave 
 way to the Root-Lowry Commission Company, 
 a corporation which was continued until the 
 first of the year 1898, when Mr. Root sold his in- 
 terest to the Archey, Son & Plummer Company, 
 and since that time has devoted himself to 
 other extensive and profitable interests. 
 
 Mr. Root was married May 1, 1872, to Miss 
 Martha C. Cooper, of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. In 
 1892 he was elected a County Commissioner, 
 and rendered faithful service on the Board, but 
 declined re-election. He was a pleasant and 
 affable gentleman, respected by his business 
 
 associates and all with whom he has any deal- 
 ings. Mr. Root died December 25, 1900. 
 
 DWIGHT D. ROOT. 
 Dwight D. Root, lawyer, Chicago, was born in 
 Bennington, Mich., June 1, 1858, the son of Ros- 
 well Holton and Lucinda (Vaughn) Root. Mr, 
 Root began life on his father's farm, of which 
 he retains fond recollections. His father, Ros- 
 well Holton Root, was the son of Remembrance 
 Root, of Belchertown, Mass., and a member of 
 the Root family who were early immigrants to 
 this region from England. His mother, Lucinda 
 (Vaughn) Root, was born at Birmingham, 
 Mich., of "Jersey Dutch" descent, her ancestors 
 having come from Holland to New Jersey at an 
 early day. Mr. Root, however, regards the mat- 
 ter of nationality as a localism or provincialism, 
 rather than a truism of universal application, 
 and as not to be accepted as superior to those 
 evidences of integrity which are always at par, 
 and which may exist in any people. Mr. Root 
 was educated in the high schools of Owosso and 
 Corunna, Mich., at the Normal School at Ypsil- 
 anti and the University at Ann Arbor, graduat- 
 ing from the law department of the latter in 
 1880, when he was admitted to the bar during 
 the same year. After being associated for some 
 time with J. C. and B. C. Wood, attorneys at 
 Jackson, Mich., in 1882 he opened an office and 
 began practice there alone, remaining until 
 1893, when he removed to Chicago, where he 
 has been continuously engaged in practice ever 
 since. 
 
 In political sentiment Mr. Root is a Repub- 
 lican, and was elected City Attorney of Jackson 
 Mich., in 1887, for two years. He is not a seeker 
 for office or political advancement, preferring to 
 devote his attention to the practice of his chosen 
 profession. He is a member of various fra- 
 ternal orders, and seeks the largest enjoyment 
 of social life in a quiet way. While he has 
 freely attended various churches, he has never 
 become a member of any religious demonina- 
 tion, believing that no sect has a monopoly of 
 True Religion, and that its essential qualities 
 cannot be hemmed in by or restricted to any set 
 formula, creed or ceremony. 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY RUGER. 
 William Henry Ruger, ex-Assistant Superin- 
 tendent of Mails, and ex-Senator, was born in 
 Plattsburg, N. Y., August 15, 1841, came to Chi- 
 cago with his parents, Harmon B. and Caroline 
 Ruger, in 1847, and attended the Wilder, Dear 
 born, Jones and Scammon public schools, and 
 the West Division High School. He enlisted 
 in the United States Navy, September 2, 1861. 
 and was assigned to the United States Steamer 
 "Essex," commanded by Commodore W. D. Por- 
 ter, serving as Surgeon's Steward until the close 
 of the war, being honorably discharged in Oc- 
 tober, 1865. Steward Ruger was in all the bat- 
 tles of the "Essex" from Fort Henry to New 
 Orleans, including the running of the blockade 
 at Island No. 10, at Vicksburg, and at Port 
 
986 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Hudson, and was on board when the rebel ram 
 "Arkansas" was captured. He entered the Chi- 
 cago PostofRce as clerk under Postmaster J. L 
 Scripps. In 1865, and was gradually promoted 
 until he received an appointment as Assistant 
 Superintendent of Mails under Captain M. J. 
 McGrath, (then Superintendent), serving in 
 that capacity for eight years, and until he was 
 elected State Senator on the "Independent" tick- 
 et, from the Fifth District, in 1882, and it was 
 by his vote, during the session of 1885, after 
 several weeks of balloting, that General John A. 
 Logan was re-elected to the United States Sen- 
 ate. Being an "Independent," his vote was 
 much sought after by the other candidates, but 
 "Hank" (as his friends familiarly call him) 
 was true to his old comrade and friend, John 
 A. Logan, resisting all overtures from the other 
 side, financially or otherwise. The district 
 where he was elected was Democratic by 3,000, 
 but Senator Ruger overcame that number and 
 carried it by 931 majority. While a member of 
 the State Senate in the State Convention of 
 1884 he was elected a delegate to the Republican 
 National Convention of that year which nomin- 
 ated James G. Blaine for President and John A. 
 Logan for Vice-President. 
 
 Mr. Ruger's father, Harmon B. Ruger, was 
 the first "Captain of the Watch" (as it was 
 called instead of "Captain of Police"), being 
 chosen in 1849 when there were only fourteen 
 policemen on duty, and when the Fire Depart- 
 ment Assistant-Chief, C. S. Petrie's father, was 
 a policeman. Captain H. B. Ruger was bailiff 
 in the United States Court for forty-six years, 
 and until his death in February, 1896. W. H. 
 Ruger married Miss Elizabeth Boden, in Chi- 
 cago in 1867, and of five children born to this 
 union, two — Harmon and Earl — are now living. 
 
 EBEN FITCH RUNYAN. 
 Eben F. Runyan was born in Butler, Wayne 
 County, N. Y., December 3, 1831, and nearly 
 twenty years of his life were spent in the East, 
 where he secured his education. In the mean- 
 time he worked as a clerk in a store, or doing 
 any sort of labor which might aid in elevating 
 him intellectually and financially. In the year 
 1850 Mr. Runyan decided to make his home 
 in the West, finally locating in McHenry County, 
 111., where for three years he engaged in farm- 
 ing operations during the summer months, teach- 
 ing school each win(er. The study of law had 
 always possessed a certain amount of fascina- 
 tion for him. and so diligently did he engage in 
 this, his favorite pursiiil, that on May 16, 1855, 
 he was admitted to the Illinois Bar. Removing 
 to Chicago soon after, he began the i)ractice of 
 law, and became a member of the firm of Brown 
 & Runyan. this partnerHhip continuing for a 
 period of three years or more. In the year 
 1800. the relationship between his former part- 
 nern and himself having been dissolved, Mr. 
 Runyan entered into ijartnership with D. J. 
 Avery, a lipothcr in-law. and Mr. Comstock, a 
 form<r law student. In 1800 he was married 
 
 to Miss Flora R. Avpry, of Waukegan, 111. From 
 this time on the young man made rapid strides 
 towards that success for which he was ever 
 striving. He was elected a member of the 
 Board of Education in 1864, and in 1871 and 
 1872 was President of the Board. In 1876 he 
 was made one of the West Park Commissioners, 
 and assisted in selecting the sites for all the 
 West-side parks. Notwithstanding the various 
 outside matters demanding his attention, Mr. 
 Runyan devoted his time and talents principally 
 to his law practice, and it is not to be wondered 
 at that he became one of the most successful 
 practitioners in the city. During the more 
 than forty years he was a member of the bar 
 he probably tried more cases than any other 
 Chicago lawyer now living. As a trial lawyer 
 he possessed ability of a high order. He was 
 devoted to the interests of his clients, appear- 
 ing to make their cases his own. He was a 
 fluent speaker, and his long and varied experi- 
 ence together with ability of a high order, be- 
 came factors in winning many a diflScult case. 
 He was twice nominated for the position of 
 Judge. The firm was again changed, and Mr. 
 Runyan had the pleasure of taking his son, 
 Eben F. Runyan, Jr., into partnership, with new 
 offices located in the Ashland Block. 
 
 No matter how busy the man, or how neces- 
 sary his personality in the social or professional 
 life of a city, Death appears to claim any vic- 
 tim he may choose, and the successful lawyer 
 was no exception to this rule. Bright's disease 
 attacked him, and after an illness which con- 
 fined him to his bed less than two weeks, Mr. 
 Runyan passed away February 6, 1899. The 
 funeral services were held at the Fourth Bap- 
 tist Church, Ashland Avenue and West Monroe 
 Street, and the interment was at Rosehill. His 
 numerous clients feel that none can supply the 
 place of the man so faithful to their interests, 
 the family circle is incomplete, and the city 
 has lost a shining example of what industry 
 and hard study can produce. Indeed Chicago is 
 the poorer by the death of Eben F. Runyan, 
 lawyer and gentleman. 
 
 FREDERICK J. RAPPAL. 
 Few of Chicago's successful business men 
 have had a career more varied or more full of 
 incident that Mr. Frederick J. Rappal, who for 
 more than eighteen years has been a prominent 
 and prosperous dealer in live stock at the Union 
 Stock Yards. He is a native of Alsace-Loraine, 
 having been born in Strasburg, December 14, 
 1837. His parents brought him with them to 
 America when he was a lad of seven years, 
 the family settling at Joliet, Illinois. There 
 young Frederick attended school for a time, but 
 at the age of thirteen his roaming disposition 
 and fondness for adventure led him to become 
 a driver for Dan Rice's Circus, and in this 
 rapacity he continued for several years. In 
 1857 he opened a grocery store at Joliet, but 
 three years later he was one of the first to 
 succumb to the "Pike's Peak fever," and re- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 987 
 
 mained in Colorado until 1861. After return- 
 ing home he and his brother Michael did some 
 business in the way of buying horses for the 
 army, but the venture did not prove profitable, 
 and Frederick J. became a toll-gate keeper on 
 what was then known as the Chicago street 
 plank road. 
 
 To a man of his temperament this proved a 
 very dull life, and in 1865 Mr. Rappal began 
 shipping cattle to the Fort Wayne Stock Yards, 
 Chicago. In 1872 he purchased an interest in 
 the Phoenix Distilling Company of Joliet, 
 which, in addition to the making of high wines, 
 daily fed several hundred head of range cattle. 
 In addition to his interest to the distillery he 
 opened a meat market in conjunction with his 
 two brothers-in-law, J. C. and P. P. Adler. In 
 1876 he bought out their interests and greatly 
 enlarged the business — a wholesale and four re- 
 tail establishments. For several years he sup- 
 plied the Illinois State Penitentiary with cattle 
 and hogs under contract, and served three 
 terms on the Will County Board of Supervisors, 
 representing the City of Joliet in that body 
 from 1876 to 1880. In 1881, in partnership with 
 Mr. Samuel Holderman, of Morris, he purchased 
 the Pluto, Clyde and Copper Belt Silver and Cop 
 per Mines, at Marysvale, Piute County, Utah. 
 They have disposed of a portion of their inter- 
 ests, but still retain the Clyde. In the spring 
 of 1882, he went to Cheyenne, Wyoming Ter- 
 ritory, taking with him his sons, Lawrence L. 
 and Frederick J., Jr., where they were associ- 
 ated in receiving and shipping whole train loads 
 of cattle bought from ranchmen in Wyoming 
 and Colorado. Gregory, Cooley & Company, of 
 the Chicago Yards, were his agents. 
 
 Mr. Rappal was thoroughly familiar with the 
 Chicago live-stock market, having bought cattle 
 there, at intervals since 1866, for shipment east, 
 and on his return from Wyoming he removed 
 with his family to the city. On January 1, 
 1883, he founded the firm of Rappal, Sons & 
 Evans. The retirement of Mr. Evans the follow- 
 ing year left the firm name Rappal, Sons & 
 Company, and on the admission of Mr. A. D. 
 Lamb in 1886, the firm name was changed to 
 Rappal, Lamb & Company. Mr. Rappal, Sr., 
 and Mr. Lamb withdrawing in 1896, a re-organi- 
 zation followed, the firm becoming Rappal 
 Brothers & Company, composed of Mr. Rappal's 
 four sons, Lawrence, Frederick, Jr., John and 
 Symon. Mr. F. J. Rappal, Sr., associated him- 
 self that year with Clay, Robinson & Company, 
 but in 1899 again entered into partnership with 
 his sons, the firm name remaining Rappal 
 Brothers & Company, with offices at 113-115-117 
 Exchange Building, Union Stock Yards, Chi- 
 cago. 
 
 Mr. Rappal was married at Joliet November 
 13, 1856, to Margaret Adler, and to them were 
 born twelve children, eleven of whom are still 
 living: Lawrence L., Frederick J., Jr., John H., 
 Veronica, Symon P., Louise, Angle, Therese. 
 Helene. Lucille and Georgine. Veronica is the 
 wife of W. H. Lennon of -Joliet, Louise is Mrs. 
 
 John Clare of that city, Helene married Pau} 
 A. Hazard and resides in New York, and Lucille 
 is Mrs. Harry T. Bigelow of Chicago. 
 
 CHESTER B. RUSHMORE. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Spring- 
 ville, Erie County, N. Y., April 10, 1824, was 
 educated in the district schools and later went 
 to Springville Academy. After leaving the 
 Academy in September, 1843, he came to Lacon, 
 111., where he taught school for four years, then 
 bought a farm at Wenona, 111., and remined 
 there ten years. He then sold out and bought 
 a farm at Mendota, 111., where he remained un- 
 til the beginning of the Civil War in 1861. In 
 September, 1861, he enlisted as private in Ford's 
 Cavalry at Ottawa, 111., and took part in the 
 battle of Corinth and other important engage- 
 ments. He was detailed at Grant's headquarters 
 in 1862, and on account of the loss of his index 
 finger, obtained his discharge in 1863, when he 
 engaged in the cotton business; then coming 
 north to Mendota in 1864, he remained there un- 
 til he sold his farm, when he moved to Chicago 
 in 1865, engaging in the brick business for eight 
 years. He then bought a tract of land in Indi- 
 ana at $7.50 per acre, a part of which he after- 
 wards sold at $125 per acre, to be used for 
 Track Elevation purposes. Mr. Rushmore was 
 married at Niagara Falls, N. Y., September 3, 
 1843, to Miss Clara P. Graves, and eight children 
 have blessed their union, six of whom are now 
 living. 
 
 H. HENRY RUSSEL. 
 
 H. Henry Russel, farmer. Wheeling, Cook 
 County, 111., was born in Wheeling Township, 
 March 29, 1853, and educated in the common 
 schools of Elk Grove Township and at Arling- 
 ton Heights. His parents, Henry and Mary 
 (Schilling) Russel, were natives of Germany, 
 who came to Cook County, 111., in 1849, and 
 located on the farm of Hiram Hulett, one mile 
 east of Arlington Heights. Here the elder Rus- 
 sel built a house in 1855. He and his son John 
 still reside in the vicinity of the subject of this 
 sketch. On January 25, 1877, the latter was 
 married to Caroline Katz, and eight children 
 have been the fruit of this union: John H., 
 Henry C, Caroline, Emma, William, Edward, 
 Bertha and Minnie. In religious belief Mr. 
 Russel is a Lutheran, and in politics a Republi- 
 can. He has pursued the vocation of a farmer, 
 but held the office of Town Collector during 
 1896-97. 
 
 GEORGE M. SARGENT. 
 
 George Myrick Sargent, manufacturer, Chi- 
 cago and Evanston, 111., was born in Sedgwick, 
 Me., March 29, 1830, the son of Benjamin 
 Choate and Susannah (Cole) Sargent, being 
 the youngest of a family of eleven children 
 of whom six are (January, 1904) still living. 
 The family name has had more than thirty 
 different forms of spelling at different periods 
 and in different countries, beginning, as it is 
 believed, in Normandy in the latter part of 
 the twelfth century, with the name "Serviens," 
 
988 
 
 mSTORICAL E:N"CYCL0PEDIA of ILLINOIS. 
 
 and after undergoing various transformations 
 in the intervening centuries, has taken on its 
 present form. The founder of the family in 
 America was William Sargent, who was born 
 in Northampton. England! in 1602, and came 
 to Charlestown. ^Mass., in 1638. from whom Mr. 
 George M. Sargent is sixth in line of descent. 
 Heads of various other branches of the family 
 on the maternal side came to Plymouth Col 
 ony in the days of Pilgrim immigration, some 
 of them coming on the "Mayflower" in 1620, 
 and their descendants took part in most of the 
 colonial wars, including King Philip's War, 
 and later in the War of the Revolution, the 
 War of 1812 and the Mexican War. The chil- 
 dren of Benjamin C. and Susannah Sargent 
 were: Benjamin Cleaves, born June 12, 1808, 
 died in infancy: Wyer Groves, born June 24, 
 1810: John Oliver, born December 18, 1812; 
 Sarah Jane, born February 2, 1815; William 
 Haskell, born February 4, 1818; Lucius Bolles. 
 ihorn January 18, 1«20; Thomas Cole, born 
 November 6, 1821; Albion Keith Parris, born 
 October 24. 1823; Mary Merrill, born June 4, 
 1826: Jasper Newton, born January 6. 1828; 
 and George Myrick. The five last-named, with 
 William Haskell, are still surviving. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was reared on 
 his father's farm, meanwhile attending the 
 common schools in his native State until eigh- 
 teen years of age. when he entered in the em- 
 ployment of his brother, Wyer G., as clerk in 
 his store at Sedgwick (now Sargentville) , Me. 
 Here he remained four or five years, during 
 part of the time serving as the first Postmaster 
 of that place; later removed to Boston. Mass, 
 where for the next four years he was employe! 
 as clerk by J. N. Dennison & Co. Then, re- 
 turning to Sedgwick, Me., he entered into part- 
 nership with his brother under the firm name 
 of W. G. Sargent & Brother, continuing four 
 years. Retiring from this partnership, he next 
 engaged in the ship-chandlery business in Bos- 
 ton with his brother-in-law, .Joseph J. Durham, 
 the firm taking the name of Durham & Sar- 
 gent. In 1861 Mr. Sargent went to New York, 
 where he formed a partnership in the same 
 line of business with Robert H. Thayer (firm 
 name Thayer & Sargent), remaining until 
 about 1870. On account of the sturdy political 
 position of the members of this firm during 
 the Civil War period, their place of business 
 became known as "The Black Republican 
 Store." 
 
 Coming west in 1870. Mr. Sargent purchased 
 an interest in the Malleable Iron Works at 
 Mollne. 111., with which he rciuainod three 
 years, the concern first being known by the 
 firm name of Hill. Heal.l & Sargent, but later 
 being Incorporated as the Mollne Malleable 
 Iron Works. Having severed his connection 
 with the Iron-Works enterprise at Mollne in 
 1873. he removed to Des Moines, Iowa, where 
 for three years he was connected with the Des 
 MolnfH Scale Comanv In I he niaiiufaclurc of 
 farmerH' srales. Then. In 1876. coming to 111" 
 
 city of Chicago, he established there the first 
 manufactory in the United States for the ex- 
 clusive manufacture of the brake-shoes for 
 railway cars under the firm name of George M. 
 Sargent & Co. In 1877 the concern was re- 
 organized as a stock company, known as the 
 Congdon Brake-Shoe Company. The business 
 grew rapidly and, in 1893, a new corporation 
 was formed under the name of the Sargent 
 Company, with a capital stock of $250,000, Mr. 
 Sargent being its President. Later the stock 
 was increased to $500,000, the plant being lo- 
 cated at Fifty-ninth and Wallace Streets, Chi- 
 cago, and covering an area of about five acres. 
 Furnaces for the manufacture of steel castings 
 were erected, the output consisting chiefly of 
 brake-shoes and railroad couplers. The busi- 
 ness grew so rapidly that it was found neces- 
 sary to increase the facilities for the produc- 
 tion of cast-iron brake-shoes, and a new plant 
 was erected at Chicago Heights, covering an 
 area of ten acres, tiie plant at Fifty-ninth 
 Street being thereafter devoted to the manu- 
 facture of couplers and knuckles almost exclu- 
 sively for railroads. In 1901 the plant at Chi- 
 cago Heights was sold to the American Brake- 
 Shoe & Foundry Comany, and the steel plant 
 at Fi fly-ninth Street to the American Steel 
 Foundries, the former representing a capital 
 stock of $4,500,000. Mr. Sargent is still a Di- 
 rector in the first named company, but not in 
 active business. His son, William Durham 
 Sargent, who promoted its organization, was 
 its first President, remaining until January. 
 1904, when he resigned, and is now Second 
 Vice-President of the American Steel Found- 
 ries (representing a capital of $40,000,000), in 
 charge of the operating department. 
 
 Mr. George M. Sargent is a Director of the 
 Railway Appliances Company of which his son. 
 George H., is the Vice-President. Other busi- 
 ness enterprises with which he has been con- 
 nected include the "Live Poultry Transporta- 
 tion Company," of which he was President for 
 some years, and the Vessel-Owners' Associa- 
 tion, of which he was a director while in New 
 York. It was through the efforts of a com- 
 mittee of the latter association, of which Mr. 
 Sargent was a member, that the builders of 
 the East River Bridge were induced to increase 
 the elevation of that structure from 120 feet, 
 as originally projected, to 135 feet. His prom- 
 inence as a business man is indicated by the 
 fact that in 1901 he was elected Vice-President 
 for Illinois of the National Association of 
 Manufacliirers of the United States, and. at the 
 present time, is a member of tlie Committee on 
 Commerce of the National Business League. 
 
 Mr. Sargent was married at Winterport, Me., 
 September 15, 1858. to Helen Maria Durham 
 who was born in Freedom, Me.. February 15. 
 1834, the daughter of William and Emily Dur- 
 ham, and they have had four children: Emily 
 Helen, horn October 3, I860, di(>d aged eleven 
 monllis: William Diirliani, born in Lynn. 
 Mass.. .Juno 16. 1863; George llanilln, born in 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 989 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., October 5, 1865, and Annio 
 Gushing, born in Marlboro, N. H., November 
 27, 1870. William Durham Sargent married, 
 February 14, 1899, May Alene Partridge, 
 daughter of C. W. Partridge; Annie C. mar- 
 ried, September 19, 1895, Henry K. Gilbert of 
 Chicago; and George Hamlin married, Janu- 
 ary 12, 1904, Elizabeth H. Pittman of Detroit, 
 Mich. 
 
 In religious belief Mr. George M. Sargent 
 is a Methodist and in politics a Republican. 
 For two terms he served as a member of the 
 Evanston Board of Trustees, and is a member 
 of various fraternal and social organizations 
 including the Royal Arcanum and Blue Lodge 
 A. F. & A. M., Evanston Chapter and Com- 
 mandery K. T., Evanston; the Mystic Shrine, 
 Medina Temple; Union League Club, Chicago; 
 Country Club and Evanston Club, Evanston; 
 besides the Evanston, Glen View and St. Aug- 
 ustine Golf Clubs. For several years he was 
 President of the Society of Sons of Maine, 
 Chicago, and is present Vice-President of the 
 New England Society. After a long and con- 
 spicuously successful business career, Mr. Sar- 
 gent, with his faithful and devoted wife, is 
 spending the evening of his days in their de- 
 lightful home in Evanston, practically retired 
 from active business, though still retaining his 
 offlcial connection with the manufacturing en- 
 terprise in which he has been financially inter- 
 ested and an important factor for more than a 
 quarter of a century. 
 
 JOHN D. SAYRE. 
 
 John D. Sayre, Superintendent of the Iron- 
 dale Elevator, Chicago, was born in the State 
 of New Jersey, October 3, 1853, the son of 
 Jeremiah and Sarah (Walker) Sayre, his par- 
 ents removing to Illinois in 1861, where they 
 engaged in farming. They had a family of 
 four sons and four daughters, the sons being 
 Aaron, Lewis, Volney, John D. One of the 
 daughters was named Sarah. The father died 
 in 1897, but the mother is still living. Mr. 
 Sayre has been in the grain and elevator busi- 
 ness for thirty-five years, in that time seeing 
 its development through its most important 
 stages. At the age of sixteen years he found 
 employment in a grain house at Maroa, 111 , 
 where he remained two years, when he came to 
 Chicago and became connected with the old 
 Iowa Elevator, which then stood at the Lake 
 Street bridge. By gradual promotion he was 
 advanced through the positions of weighman 
 and foreman to that of superintendent, in 
 which capacity he was connected with Messrs. 
 Munger, Wheeler & Company, for some twenty- 
 three years, and with Bartlett & Frazier at the 
 Calumet Elevator five and a half years. 
 
 The Irondale Elevator, with which Mr. Sayre 
 is now connected, is constructed entirely of 
 steel, being the first building of this kind 
 erected in Cook County. It is equipped with 
 the latest improvements in the way of clippers 
 and cleaners of grain, has a capacity for hand- 
 
 ling 100,000 bushels daily, and is run by four 
 boilers which combined have 700-horse power. 
 It is owned by the J. Rosenbaum Grain Com- 
 pany and furnishes employment to some twen- 
 ty-five men. Mr. Sayre's qualifications for the 
 position which he occupies is attested by his 
 long and continuous employment in his pres- 
 ent capacity. He was marriea in 1878 to Miss 
 Nora Gilmanstine, of Chicago, and of this mar- 
 riage nine children have been born, of whom 
 William, John D., Lewis, Robert, Mary and 
 Nora are living. The three others died in in- 
 fancy or early youth. Mrs. Sayre died March 
 
 8, 1897. Mr. Sayre is a Republican in politics 
 and a highly respected citizen. 
 
 CHARLES E. SCHARLAU. 
 Charles Ernest Scharlau (deceased) was 
 born in Pomerania, on the Baltic, May 23, 1845. 
 his parents being farmers. With his parents 
 he came to this country in 1851, and settled in 
 Chicago, having lived continuously in the 
 Fourteenth Ward since 1856. He attended the 
 Franklin public school until twelve years of 
 age, when he applied himself to learning the 
 trade of a gilder, becoming in time foreman 
 of Rando & Co.'s establishment. In 1862, when 
 seventeen years of age, he enlisted in Company 
 G, Fifty-seventh Illinois Volunteers, and re- 
 enlisted as a "Veteran" at Lynnville, Tenn., in 
 December, 1863. He served at the front in the 
 Sixteenth Army Corps under General R. J. 
 Oglesby, and in the Fifteenth Corps under 
 Major-General John A. Logan. He was with 
 the Army of the Tennessee on Sherman's fa- 
 mous March to the Sea, and was injured May 
 
 9, 1864, in the passage of Ostanola River, at 
 the battle of Resaca. He was in the battle of 
 Bentonville. N. C, the last battle of the war. 
 marched with General Sherman's Army to the 
 sea, and was in the grand review at Washing- 
 ton, May 23, 1865, and received his discharge, 
 in June, 1865. He returned to Chicago and 
 resumed work at his trade for the ensuing ten 
 years. 
 
 In 1870 Mr. Scharlau was appointed Deputy 
 Sheriff by Sheriff Tim. Bradley, remaining in 
 this position four years, after which he served 
 as Deputy County Collector under County Col- 
 lector Louis Huck, and was Deputy Assessor 
 for West Chicago under Assessor Pleasant An- 
 sick. When Jacob Rehm was Chief of Police 
 and Charles Rehm Chief of Detectives, Mr. 
 Scharlau accepted a position in the Detective 
 force, but soon resigned. In 1891 he was ap- 
 pointed by Mayor Washburn General Inspector 
 in the Board of Public Works, and held that 
 position until the end of Mr. Washburn's term. 
 In 1868 he was a delegate in the Republican 
 County Convention, and was offered but de- 
 clined the nomination for Supervisor of the old 
 Twelfth Ward, now the Fourteenth. Since 1868 
 he has been Central Committeeman and dele- 
 gate to various State, County and City Con- 
 ventions. In 1874 he became a candidate for 
 the State Legislature and was defeated. In 
 
990 
 
 HISTOmCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1880 he was again a candidate, running 
 against S. D. Mieroslowslvi. and out of this elec- 
 tion the celebrated Schaiiau-Mieroslowski con- 
 test arose. The ballots, after three counts, 
 showed a majority of 50 for Scharlau, but upon 
 being taken to Springfield the Committee on 
 Elections declared Mieroslowski elected by a 
 majority of 43. In 1882 there were rival Sen- 
 atorial conventions in the District, and Schar- 
 lau was the nominee of the Fourteenth Ward 
 wing, but declfned in favor of William E. 
 Mason. In 1884 he was nominated and elected 
 to the House of Representatives by the largest 
 majority ever received by a candidate in the 
 District, defeating August Wendel, a prominent 
 and popular German. He was re-nominated for 
 the House by acclamation on September 29, 
 1886, and re-elected. While in the House he 
 secured the passage of the Park Bill, allowing 
 an additional tax of half a mill for park im- 
 provements. He was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Labor and Industrial Affairs, and a 
 firm friend of the Convict Labor Bill, and was 
 also a member of other important committees. 
 In his later years he gave his attention to the 
 practice of law. Fraternally he was a member 
 of the Ancient Order of United Workmen; the 
 Independent Order of Odd-Fellows; Court Jef- 
 ferson Lodge of the Foresters; Winfield Scott 
 Post, No. 445. of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic; of Cregier Lodge A. F. & A. M., and 
 a member, and for three terms President of the 
 Fifty-seventh Illinois Veteran Volunteer As- 
 sociation. He is also a member of John G. 
 Whittier Council, No. 612, National Union, 
 Humboldt Park Council, No. 75, Royal League. 
 
 Mr. Scharlau was married, March 5, 1870, to 
 Miss Martha E. Mugler, a native of New York, 
 and has two married daughters and one son, 
 Charles E. Scharlau, Jr. Mrs. Scharlau died 
 April 19, 1898, having been in ill-health for 
 over five years. On May 1, 1901, Mr. Scharlau 
 was married to Miss Helen Michel. His decease 
 occurred March 23, 1903. His widow, Mrs. 
 Helen (Michel) Scharlau, survives him. 
 
 Mr. Scharlau's father was killed by highway- 
 men on Milwaukee Avenue, between Chicago 
 and Jefferson, October 5, 1874, but his mother 
 survived her husband many years and reside. 1 
 on the old homestead, No. 36 Will Street, Chi- 
 cago, until past eighty years of age. 
 
 CHRISTIAN SCHIMMELS. 
 Chicago owes a debt of gratitude to its fire- 
 fighters which it can never pay. The rapid 
 growth of Ihe city and its rush in building has 
 created conditions very favorable to extensive 
 and frequent conflagrations. Perhajjs it is this 
 difllciilt situation that has called forth the 
 genius of the men connected with the Chicago 
 Fire Department and has helped to make it th" 
 wonder of the world. Such It Is, and this 
 splendid reputation of the Department Is not 
 a little d\ie to men like the veteran Captain of 
 Engine Company, No. 2T). whose name heads 
 this article. Captain Sclilinmcls was liorn the 
 
 11th day of May, 1845, in the family home- 
 stead, standing at that time in a quiet subur- 
 ban portion of the city of Chicago. No. 53 
 South Desplaines Street. At that time ther-i 
 were only 16,000 people in the city, and but 
 little dream of its future greatness as a city 
 of two million inhabitants. Young Christian 
 was educated in both English and German, and 
 when young was set to work as a carpenter, in 
 which trade his father had been a pioneer in 
 the city. His father died in 1877, after having 
 led a long and honorable career as an extensive 
 builder; and his mother passed to her reward 
 two years later. Captain Schimmels was mar- 
 ried in Chicago, in January, 1863, to Miss 
 Elizabeth Hasser, who died in 1885, leaving 
 two children, Lena and Jacob J. 
 
 Peter Schimmels, an older brother of Chris- 
 tian, was connected with the Fire Department 
 as foreman of the Tempest Hose Company, No. 
 1, then located at Washington and Clinton 
 Streets, where truck No. 2 has its present quar- 
 ters. He placed Christian on the Tempest Hose 
 service, September 25, 1864, and the following 
 year resigned his own position to go to Helena, 
 Mont., where he died in 1888. Christian Schim- 
 mels has found the fire field thoroughly con- 
 genial, and has rapidly risen to important po- 
 sitions. May 20, 1869, he became the Captain 
 of Engine Company, No. 5, and September 21, 
 1874, was made Captain of Engine Company 
 No. 25, a position which he has retained up 
 to the present time. During these many years 
 he has displayed such energy, daring and mas- 
 terly ability in fighting fire under every cir- 
 cumstance of danger and death, that his name 
 has become familiar the world over, and is en- 
 deared to the business heart of Chicago. His 
 numerous friends assembled to do him honor 
 in Apollo Hall, September 25, 1889, and marked 
 the expiration of his twenty-fifth year as City 
 Fireman, with the presentation of a gold fire- 
 badge, which bore in its center a $500 diamond. 
 
 Captain Schimmels was married May 11, 1895, 
 on his fiftieth birthday, to Miss Nettie Bean, 
 a native of Boston. During his long and active 
 career in connection with the Fire Depart- 
 ment, though he has always been in the thick 
 of the fight, he has never been seriously in- 
 jured, and has lost but very few days on ac- 
 count of sickness. Some four years ago he 
 took his longest furlough, being absent from 
 the service about two weeks. He presents 
 a hale and hearty appearance, and says that he 
 is good for thirty-five years more of active 
 duty. Through his long connection with the 
 Fire Department Captain Schimmels has a 
 'complete record of its services, and since 1869 
 has kept a record of every alarm of fire, as to 
 the time, box and every detail. He has served 
 under every Chief who has been in office since 
 the organization of a paid Fire Department. 
 U. P. Harris, the first, has had for his succes- 
 sors, R. A. Williams, M. Benner, D. J. Swenie, 
 W. H. Musham, and the present Fire Marhsal, 
 J. Campion. Foi' forty-one years Mr. Scliim- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 991 
 
 mels was a fireman; for thirty-five years he has 
 been Captain, and for thirty years has been 
 in command of the same company. Still a 
 young man, he can do his laps with the best 
 of the men in his command, and "where duty 
 calls, there you will find him." In local politics 
 he takes little interest, and votes for what he 
 believes to be the best for the city at the time. 
 Chicago is proud of Captain Schimmels and 
 his faithful associates. 
 
 NICHOLAS SCHMITT, 
 Former Superintendent Alton Elevator, Chica- 
 go, now Superintendent of the Keith Elevator, 
 at Halsted Street, and the South Branch of the 
 Chicago River, was born in Germany, the son of 
 Jacob and Margaret (Miller) Schmitt, who 
 came to America in 1865, and settled in Mil- 
 waukee, Wis,, where they reared a family of 
 six sons: Peter, Nicholas, Matthias, .John, Al- 
 bert and Christ — all of whom are now living. 
 The mother died in 1896, aged sixty-nine years, 
 and the father in 1903, at the age of seventy- 
 one years. Beginning as a laborer with George 
 A. Seaverns, at the old Clark Street ware- 
 house in 1878, Mr. Schmitt worked up through 
 various positions as weighman, foreman, etc., 
 until he became Superintendent of the Col- 
 umbia Elevator, at Robey Street and Blue Isl- 
 and Avenue, where he spent several years. 
 From 1891 to 1897 Mr. Schmitt and George 
 Phillips, the "Corn King" of Chicago, were 
 side-partners as weighmen. In November, 1900, 
 Mr. Schmitt became Superintendent of the 
 Alton Elevator, as successor to his brother 
 Peter Schmitt, who was transferred in a sim- 
 ilar capacity to Davenport, Iowa. The Alton 
 Elevator A was erected in 1879 with a storage 
 capacity of 1,200,000 bushels and is capable of 
 receiving one hundred car-loads and discharg- 
 ing 120,000 bushels daily. Elevator B, erected 
 in 1886-87, has a capacity of 600.000 bushels 
 and is practically an annex to Elevator A, be- 
 ing under the same management. The Alton 
 Elevator was sold out in 1904, and Mr. Schmitt 
 is now in charge of the Keith Elevator. 
 
 Mr. Schmitt was married in 1880 to Miss 
 Mary Jane Coulson. and they have had a fam- 
 ily of seven children: Joseph George, Mary 
 Alice, David Lee, Margaret, John Frederick. 
 Thomas Christian and George M.— all living. 
 They have received the advantages of a good 
 education, the older ones graduating from the 
 schools which they attended. Mr. Schmitt is 
 a Republican is politics, a member of the 
 Royal Arcanum and a communicant of the 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 FRANK SCHRAMM. 
 Frank Schram, florist. Wheeling, 111., is a 
 native of Germany, born in 1871, the son of 
 Frank Schramm, Sr., also of German birth. 
 In 1896, in company with his brother, he start- 
 ed a greenhouse and floral garden at Elk 
 Grove, near Schnell's Grove, on the site of the 
 old Indian Village, where they make a spe- 
 
 cialty of growing violets and carnations. He 
 was married in 1897 to Rhoda May Schnell of 
 Elk Grove. 
 
 HENRY M. SCHREIBER. 
 
 Henry M. Schreiber, of the firm of Schreiber 
 Brothers, hardware merchants. Blue Island, 
 111., was born in Blue Island in 1869, the son 
 of August and Minnie Schreiber, who were 
 natives of Germany. The father came to Blue 
 Island a single man, there married and be- 
 came one of the first settlers, erecting a house 
 on the corner of Western Avenue and Jones 
 Street. He was one of the early business men 
 of the place, being engaged there in the hard- 
 ware trade during the whole of his active life, 
 covering a period of over fifty years. He died 
 March 18, 1883. and his wife March 17, 1881. 
 leaving five children, viz.: William, engaged in 
 the real-estate business in Blue Island; Lizzie, 
 now Mrs. Shimmel, of Chicago; Minnie, at 
 home; Philip A., of the firm of Schreiber 
 Brothers, and Henry M., the subject of this 
 sketch, and partner of his brother Philip A. 
 Henry M. was reared and educated in Blue 
 Island, and with his brother succeeded to the 
 business established by his father more than 
 fifty years ago. The first building erected by 
 the senior Mr. Schreiber was a frame, while the 
 present building, erected in 1882, with addi- 
 tions since made to it, is a two-story and base- 
 ment structure. 46x80 feet. The firm of 
 Schreiber Brothers was organized after the 
 father's death in 1883. the new firm making 
 the additions to the building. 
 
 Henry M. Schreiber is a Republican in poli- 
 tics and has been active in public affairs; in 
 1891 was elected to the office of Constable, in 
 1896 became Superintendent of Public Works 
 for the city of Blue Island, and in 1897 was 
 appointed Deputy Sheriff, retaining this posi- 
 tion up to date. Mr. Schreiber was married in 
 Blue Island in October, 1883, to Catharine A. 
 Sippel, born in Blue Island, the daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Sippel, and member of a 
 pioneer family. Two children have been born 
 to Mr. and Mrs. Schreiber — Elvira and June. 
 Mr. Schreiber is a member of the Liederkranz 
 and the Blue Island Fire Department; is also 
 an Odd Fellow and Knight of Pythias. 
 
 HOWARD H. SCHRIVER. 
 Howard H. Schriver, pipeman on Engine 73, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Colum- 
 bus, Ohio, December 11, 1867, and educated 
 at the public schools. After leaving school he 
 went to work successively" at Stanley Win- 
 jet's cigar factory, the Peter's Buggy Com- 
 pany, at Flannegan's bolt works, and for 
 the Wassels Fire Clay Company. In 1883 
 he went to Shelby, Oceana County, Mich, 
 and there worked on a farm and later for the 
 Hinckley & Young stove works. He came to 
 Chicago May 29, 1887, and worked for T. P. 
 Murray, hardware dealer. Thirty-fifth Street 
 and Cottage Grove Avenue, and later for the 
 
992 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Cook Storage Company, Cottage Grove Ave- 
 nue, and for M. Wilson as a painter for 
 five and a half years. He joined the Chicago 
 Fire Department, February 22, 1896, being as- 
 signed to Engine 73, and is now pipeman. He 
 has had many narrow escapes, but is always 
 ready to respond when duty calls. 
 
 HENRY C. SCHROEDER, 
 Captain Hook and Ladder Company No. 12, 
 Chicago Fire Department, the son of Thedas 
 and Mary (Miller) Schroeder — both natives of 
 Germany — was born in Germany December 6, 
 1850. and emigrated to the United States, ar- 
 riving at Chicago, May 12, 1869, where he was 
 employed at surveying by the Northern Pa- 
 cific Railroad, and later in the lumber yards 
 of Kelly, Lowe & Company. He joined the 
 Chicago Fire Department, January 29, 1883, 
 on Engine 3: later, was transferred to Truck 
 1 : was promoted to Lieutenant and assigned 
 to Truck 6. January 3, 1887; transferred to 
 Truck 14, December 31, 1888; promoted to 
 'Captain and transferred to Truck 11, Sep- 
 tember 15, 1890; to Truck 14, October 21, 1891: 
 and to Truck 12, May 1, 1892. where he may 
 now be found ready for any emergency. Like 
 many other firemen he has had many narrow 
 escapes. He was married to Miss Louisa Hack, 
 in Chicago, April 12. 1882, and three children 
 were born to them, viz.: Herman, William and 
 Charles. Mrs. Schroeder died January 4. 1895, 
 and on May 12, 1895, Mr. Schroeder was mar- 
 ried to Miss Louisa Beinson as his second wife. 
 
 WILLIAM H. SCHUBERT. 
 William H. Schubert, pipeman on Engine 55, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago, 
 March 30, 1871, was educated at the Wells pub- 
 lic school, and after leaving school worked for 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad 
 Company for one year; was foreman for J. A. 
 Rice & Co. (window glass dealers) for two 
 years; then police telegraph-operator at head- 
 quarters, and later, was the first man to secure 
 from the civil service commission an order for 
 appointment in the Fire Department. October 
 8, 1895, he was assigned to duty as Truckman 
 on Truck 8; was transferred to Engine No. 11, 
 May 4, 1896. as Chief Musham's driver; was 
 at the Tosetti fire, and at the time of the ex- 
 jilosion happened to be in the street, thus es- 
 ( aping without injury. He was at the North- 
 western Elevator fire, August 7, 1897, when 
 he went to the home of Chief Musham an.l 
 brought him in answer to the second alarm. 
 After giving the Chief his coat and hat. in 
 about two minutes the explosion occurred, and 
 a plate of glass two feet square fell and went 
 through the buggy. Schubert's arm was on the 
 buggy only two inches from where the glass 
 Btruck It. The horse jumped, knocked him 
 down and trampled on him, but he got up and 
 (aught the animal near the river bank. By 
 the concuHHion he lost hiH speech and Kense of 
 Hmell for five days. Chief Swenle's driver, 
 
 Thomas Monihan, was killed by the same ex- 
 plosion. Mr. Schubert remained driver for 
 Chief Musham until transferred to Truck 21, 
 May 1, 1898; was transferred to Truck 19, May 
 30, 1889; and to Engine 55, as driver. May 1, 
 1900. His father. August L. Schubert, is Cap- 
 tain of Engine 43, and William Schubert, an 
 uncle, is Lieutenant on Engine 33, each hav- 
 ing been employed in the Fire Departmet twen- 
 ty-eight years. Mr. Schubert was married in 
 Chicago, July 5, 1895, to Miss Georgiana Mc- 
 Culloch, and three children have been born to 
 them, two of whom are living. 
 
 MICHAEL SCHWEISTHAL. 
 Michael Schweisthal, broker and ex-Presi- 
 dent Board of Election Commissioners, was 
 born in Merzig, Germany, October 11, 1844. 
 came to Chicago, arriving July 2, 1847, and was 
 educated in the Franklin school and St. Mary's 
 University. After leaving the university, he 
 worked for the McCormick Reaper and Har- 
 vester Company, and later with C. C Parks & 
 Co., bankers, remaining there three years: 
 then was in the employ of the Second Na- 
 tional Bank as receiving and paying teller and 
 cashier for ten years, and later with the Mer- . 
 chants' Savings, Loan & Trust Company Bank 
 for nine years, when he accepted the position 
 of cashier of the International Bank, where he 
 served faithfully for eight years. He was 
 then chosen cashier of the Fort Dearborn Na- 
 tional Bank, remaining one year, after which 
 he went into business for himself, as banker, 
 for two and a half years. Mr. Schweisthal was 
 elected President of the Board of Election Com- 
 missioners, serving for three years in that ca- 
 pacity. In 1886 he was a candidate for the 
 office of County Treasurer and ran 10,000 
 ahead of his ticket, but by the landslide of 
 that year was defeated. Later he went into 
 business as a loan broker and accountant. Mr. 
 Schweisthal was married to Miss Annie E. 
 Kilduff. in Brooklyn. N. Y., July 12, 1883. and 
 five children have blessed their union, three 
 of whom are now living. In the person of 
 Mr. Schweisthal we have another pioneer who 
 has done his part towards the upbuilding of 
 the city of Chicago and its business interests. 
 and who has won many friends by his kind 
 and genial temperament, and his fidelity to the 
 trusts reposed in him. 
 
 ELWIN D. SCOTT. 
 Elwin D. Scott, insurance agent and dealer 
 in real estate, DesPlaines. 111., was born in 
 Somerset, Vt., August 2, 1849, the son of Enos 
 and Elizabeth (Upton) Scott, who removed to 
 Maine Township, Clook County, 111., in 185'i. 
 and engaged in farming. His paternal grand- 
 father, Alpheus Scott, was a native of Connecti- 
 cut, born in 1790, and his maternal grand- 
 father, Jedediah Upton, born in the same State 
 in 1793. The subject of this sketch was edu- 
 cated at DesPlaines and followed the business 
 of farming until 1882, when he removed to the 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 993 
 
 town of DesPlaines and engaged in the agri- 
 cultural machine business. At the present 
 time he is in the insurance and real-estate 
 business, also manages a cider and sorghum 
 mill. On June 28, 1876, he was married in 
 the city of Chicago to Ella Webster, and has 
 two daughters — Mary S. and Cornelia A. Mr. 
 Scott held the oflRce of Road Commissioner 
 some nine years, and, from 1892 to 1896, was 
 Village Trustee of the town of DesPlaines. In 
 religious faith he is a Congregationalist and 
 politically an adherent of the Republican 
 party. 
 
 HENRY C. SENNE. 
 Henry C. Senne, Supervisor, Maine Town- 
 ship, Cook County, 111., was born in Germany, 
 October 26, 1826, the son of Henry and Mariah 
 (Muller) Senne, who were both natives of the 
 "Fatherland." In 1845 Mr. Senne emigrated 
 to America, arriving in Chicago July 16. The 
 next four years he spent in that vicinity, work- 
 ing upon the Illinois & Michigan Canal at fifty 
 cents a day, during the summer, and at his 
 trade of tailor, in the fall. In October, 1849, 
 he removed to Elk Grove, where he spent the 
 next fifteen years in farming and mercantile 
 business. During his stay at Elk Grove he also 
 served as Constable, Justice of the Peace and 
 Commissioner of Highways. At the close of this 
 period (1861) he removed to Des Plaines, his 
 present residence, where he filled the office of 
 Justice of the Peace sixteen years (1862-78); 
 was also elected Supervisior in 1866, remaining 
 in office until 1870. The latter year he was 
 elected a Representative in the Twenty-seventh 
 General Assembly for the Ssventh District, 
 and re-elected in 1872, both times as a Repub- 
 publican. Other offices held by him include 
 those of County Commissioner, 1876-85; Presi- 
 dent of the County Board, 1887-90, and Super- 
 visor of Maine Township, 1896 to 1901. He has 
 also served as School Director since 1875. and 
 was President of the Board from the date of 
 its organization until 1898: has also been (and 
 still is) Secretary of the DesPlaines and Cook 
 County Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company 
 since 1875. For eight years past he has been 
 engaged in the banking business, in a private 
 way. To give an idea of the business ability 
 and the systematic manner in which he attends 
 to his matters, public as well as private, he 
 has in his possession the County Board pro- 
 ceedings from 1866 to December, 1901, some- 
 thing that no other individual in the County 
 has. Mr. Senne was married in Elk Grove 
 Township August 22, 1848, to Miss Dorothea 
 Linneman, and they have had eight children: 
 Henry W. (who died in 1870, aged twenty-one 
 years), William H., Mary, Louise, George, Min- 
 nie and Sophie. In religious belief Mr. Senne 
 is a Lutheran and in politics a Republican. 
 
 PATRICK JOSEPH SEXTON. 
 Patrick J. Sexton (deceased) was born in 
 County Cavan, Ireland, October 13, 1843, the 
 son of John and Susan (O'Dowd) Sexton. His 
 
 father, who was a farmer in his native country, 
 came to America with his family and settled 
 on a farm in Hamilton County, Ohio, the son 
 Patrick J., being then a child. When the latter 
 had reached the age of twelve or thirteen 
 years, his father having died, the mother re- 
 moved with her family to Cincinnati, where 
 the son was educated in the common schools, 
 and, having learned the carpenter's trade, in 
 1865 went to Nashville, Tenn., where he en- 
 gaged in business as a contractor and builder. 
 After the fire of 1871 he came to Chicago and 
 at once engaged in assisting to rebuild the 
 burned city, here making his home for the rest 
 of his life. Many of the more important build- 
 ings of the city, previous to the era of the sky- 
 scrapers, were erected by him, notably Plym- 
 outh church, the Court House and City Hall, 
 the County Hospital, etc. About 1893, having 
 for a time been engaged in brick manufacture 
 he organized and put in operation one of the 
 most extensive manufacturing corporations in 
 this line in the country — The Chicago Brick 
 Company, located at Thirty-ninth Street and 
 Western Avenue, of which he was President 
 up to the time of his death. 
 
 Mr.. Sexton never held any public office, but 
 was a stanch supporter of the Government dur- 
 ing the Civil War, and when the Confederate 
 cavalry leader. Col. John Morgan, made his raid 
 through bouthern Ohio, he enlisted in an 
 emergency company at Cincinnati for the pur- 
 suit of the guerrilla leader. In religious be- 
 lief he was a Catholic and in his political 
 'as9pciati0ns an adherent of the Democratic 
 party. Mainly self-educated, Mr. Sexton was 
 well informed not only on public affairs and 
 current events of the day. but in history and 
 general literature, especially as represented In 
 standard authors. He was an extensive trav- 
 eler, and was especially well-informed on 
 foreign affairs, having visited Europe some 
 twelve or fifteen times. Of genial personality 
 and engaging manners, he enjoyed a wide pop- 
 ularity among a large circle of friends. 
 
 On June 2, 1880. Mr. Sexton was married at 
 Nashville, Tenn., to Anna Long, and of this 
 union were born one daughter and three sons, 
 of whom the daughter and one son died in in- 
 fancy. The sons still living are Thomas 
 O'Dowd and Patrick J. — the former now the 
 President of the Chicago Brick Company, hav- 
 ing succeeded his father in that office. Thomas 
 O'Dowd Sexton is a resident of Waukegan. 
 
 The death of Patrick J. Sexton, Sr., occurred 
 October 28, 1903, at 1340 Michigan Avenue, 
 Chicago, which had been his home for more 
 than twenty years. 
 
 ■ ARTHUR SEYFERLICH, 
 Captain Engine 21, Chicago Fire Department, 
 was born in Chicago, February 23, 1868, wa'' 
 educated in the Jones school, and leaving school 
 in 1880, worked at th^ upholstering trade for 
 Harner & Schoen, until he joined the Pipe De- 
 partment September 28, 1891. He was first 
 
994 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 employed on Engine 40, and later transferred 
 to Hook and Ladder Company No. 6; was pro- 
 moted to Lieutenant, July 17, 1897, and trans- 
 ferred to Hook and Ladder Company 15, and 
 to Engine 10; in 1904 is serving as Captain on 
 Engine 21. Captain Seyferlich has been con- 
 nected with many rescues, and has had many 
 narrow escapes. December 11, 1894, about ^ 
 P. yi . the ofBcers of his Company were noti- 
 fied that the grip had broken and a Milwaukee 
 Avenue car had dashed into a Madison Street 
 car and Ogden Avenue trailer, setting the car 
 on fire. The company hurried to the rescue of 
 the passengers, and by removing the side of 
 the car, rescued from twenty to thirty passen- 
 gers, two of the passengers, however, being 
 taken out dead. In October, 1895, Hook and 
 Ladder Company No. 6 was run into by a 
 Grand Avenue car and the truck turned end 
 for end, but Seyferlich stuck to his place 
 at the tiller, although severely injured. On 
 May 24, 1900, at the fire at Irwin Brothers, 
 on Clark Street, the fumes of ammonia were 
 so strong that about thirty firemen were nearly 
 overcome, and Lieutenant Seyferlich was re- 
 duced to a state of unconsciousness for ten and 
 a half hours. This was considered a very 
 close call, but he was at work the next day. 
 
 CHARLES F. SEYFERLICH, 
 Chief of Second Battalion, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Chicago September 29, 1850. 
 After reaching maturity he worked for a time 
 for Becker & Kopsel, trunk manufacturers, and 
 for the Illinois Central Railroad Company as 
 a machinist for ten years. He joined the Chi- 
 cago Fire Department in 1877 as a member of 
 Truck No. 1; in 1881 was made Lieutenant and 
 assigned to Truck No. 8, being afterwards trans- 
 ferred to Truck 5, but later returned to Truck 
 No. 1. In 1882 a special fire company was 
 organized to protect the large plant of the sugar 
 refinery on Taylor Street, and on the recom- 
 mendation of Chief Swenie, Seyferlich was 
 placed in charge. Returning to the City De- 
 partment, he served on Truck No. 9, and again 
 on Truck 1, where he was promoted to Captain 
 in 1887. He was next elevated to a battalion 
 commandership in 1894, and, on the death of 
 Pat O'Malley, became Chief of the Second Bat- 
 talion. Chief Seyferlich is always to be found 
 in places of danger when duty calls, has had 
 many narrow escapes, and has effected many 
 rescues. On August 5, 1897, he received the 
 order from Marshall Musham at the Northwest- 
 em Elevator fire to have the fire-boat 
 "Yosemite" move one hundred feet south and 
 the tug "Mosher" to keep out of the bay, whit^h 
 order, being promptly executed, was the means 
 of saving about fifty lives, together with the 
 flre-t)oat8 "Yosemite," "Fire Queen" and 
 "Mosher," as the walls fell within five min- 
 uteH after the order was given. Chief Seyfer- 
 lich was married In Chicago, February 5, 1878, 
 to MIhs Annie Meyer, of Manitowoc, Wis., and 
 twelve children have Ijeen born to them, of 
 whom seven are now living. 
 
 EDWARD T. SHEPHERD. 
 
 Edward T. Shepherd, Superintendent Fire In- 
 surance Patrol, Chicago, has for more than a 
 quarter of a century been identified with the 
 Fire Insurance Patrol of Chicago, and during 
 this long period of self-denying, faithful serv- 
 ice his reputation for bravery and skill has 
 steadily grown, while he has brought this 
 branch of the service to a degree of perfection 
 in discipline and efficiency unsurpassed in any 
 city of the world. A somewhat extended ac- 
 count of the early history and work of the 
 patrol has been given in the biographical sketch 
 of the late Benjamin B. Bullwinkle, its orig- 
 inator and, for many years, its successful head. 
 Under Mr. Shepherd's superintendency it has 
 been very considerably enlarged and its use- 
 fulness greatly increased. 
 
 Superintendent Shepherd is yet in life's 
 prime, having been born in the city of New 
 York on May 11, 1850. November 1, 1875, he 
 became associated with the Chicago Fire In- 
 surance Patrol, and on January 1, 1886, was 
 made its Superintendent. He has succeeded in 
 establishing the most cordial relations between 
 that body and the Chicago Fire Department, 
 and enjoys the warm personal friendship and 
 unreserved confidence of his Chief. During his 
 administration the number of companies has 
 been increased from two to eight, with a mem- 
 bership of seventy-three officers and men, and 
 the housing and equipment have been made 
 nearly perfect. Several thousand calls are an- 
 swered every year, where hundreds constituted 
 the limit some twenty-odd years ago, while 
 the amount saved by the prompt, energetic, dar- 
 ing action of officers and men runs up into the 
 millions. The fire underwriters who support 
 the organization financially are naturally the 
 chief gainers in the saving of losses on insured 
 property, yet hundreds of uninsured owners are 
 also among the beneficiaries of the system. 
 Nor are the men less ready to hazard life and 
 limb for the saving of human life than for the 
 preservation of property. 
 
 Among Superintendent Shepherd's many 
 hair-breadth escapes perhaps the most remark- 
 able and thrilling occurred at the Langham 
 Hotel holocaust, on the night of March 21, 1885. 
 He was standing with the men of Company No. 
 1 on the roof of an adjoining two-story brick 
 building, when one of the hotel walls fell in 
 upon and entombed them. At first it was sup- 
 posed that not a man had escaped death, and 
 for hours the gallant fellows endured the agony 
 resulting from fractured bones, suffocation and 
 the intolerable heat engendered by the great 
 mass of red-hot bricks lying above them. Then 
 came the seeming danger of drowning from the 
 torrents of water which for hours the firemen 
 found it necessary to turn upon what was 
 believed to be their tomb before the actual work 
 of rescue could begin. Two dead bodies were 
 taken out. hut the other victims, while at first 
 showing hut few signs of life, ultimately re- 
 covered. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 995 
 
 Superintendent Shepherd was married in 
 Chicago. May 23, 1881, to Miss Jane W. Mil- 
 ton, and eight children, four boys and four 
 girls, have been born to them, viz: Milton B., 
 Gertrude M., Charles H., Stella F., Roy E., Willa 
 J., Ross S. and Edna E. 
 
 JOHN B. SHERMAN. 
 
 John B. Sherman (deceased), banker, live- 
 stock dealer and one of the founders of the 
 Union Stock Yards, was born on a farm in the 
 town of Beckman, Dutchess County, N. Y., Jan- 
 uary 15, 1825; was educated in the district 
 schools, and at the age of nineteen began his 
 business life as clerk in a country store at a 
 salary of fifty dollars per annum. In 1849 he 
 went to California to engage in mining, in 1850 
 returning to Dutchess County with a few thou- 
 sand dollars, in the autumn of the same year 
 bought a farm in Kendall County, 111., to which 
 he removed; but soon after came to Chicago, 
 where for a time he was engaged in the com- 
 mission business on Kinzie Street as a member 
 of the firm of Black & Sherman. In 1855 he 
 leased the old "Bull's Head" Yards, at the cor- 
 ner of West Madison Street and Ogden Avenue, 
 and a year later the Myrick Yards at Cottage 
 Grove Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street, and 
 may with propriety be called one of the found- 
 ers of the live-stock trade in Chicago. The 
 "Bull's Head" plant was abandoned at the ex- 
 piration of the lease. As the city's trade in 
 live-stock grew, the number of yards increased 
 until there were four, one on the West Side 
 and three on the South Side. The disadvantages 
 resulting from this system suggested to Mr. 
 Sherman and others the desirability of cen- 
 tralization, which resulted in the founding of 
 the Union Stock Yards, in the inception and 
 organization of which Mr. Sherman played an 
 important part. 
 
 By this time, having accumulated what he 
 considered a competence, he thought to retire, 
 and, having purchased a home at Poughkeepsie, 
 N. Y., returned to the East. The need of a 
 head for the new stock yards induced him to 
 return, when he became general manager of the 
 yards, being virtually given entire control of 
 the plant. In after years he was again and 
 again called to fill the ofl!ices of Vice-President 
 and President until, after his last re-election, 
 he positively refused longer to continue as the 
 executive head of the corporation. 
 
 One of the most pronounced features of his 
 administration was his close relation to his sub- 
 ordinates. Absolutely just, yet quickly sympa- 
 thetic with them alike in their joys and their 
 sorrows, he readily won their confidence and 
 their esteem. It was a part of his policy to 
 encourage the building of their' own homes by 
 employes in the immediate neighborhood of the 
 yards, and he repeatedly extended to them 
 financial help to that end. At their funerals 
 he was always present, and when the head of 
 the house was called away, it- was his wont, 
 when practicable, to give one of the older minor 
 
 children of the deceased parent employment 
 at an adult's pay, that the support and self- 
 respect of the household might be preserved. 
 Strikes among his workmen were unknown, and 
 it is a noteworthy fact that, while he was the 
 direct personal representative of capital aggre- 
 gating many millions, and faithfully guarded 
 its interests, it was no uncommon thing for 
 wage-workers, in times of labor troubles, to 
 select him as their representative upon a board 
 of arbitration. Usually suave and disposed to 
 be concessive, yet no man knew better how to 
 say "No" when duty required it, and to say it 
 with emphatic decision. He was never known 
 to speculate, or to make use, for personal gain, 
 of any knowledge derived through his official 
 position. His charities were liberal and fre- 
 quent, yet bestowed without ostentation, and 
 many old-time Chicago pastors can recall his 
 numerous non-sectarian benefactions. Though 
 deeply interested in public affairs, the only 
 office he was ever induced to accept was that 
 of South Park Commissioner. The South Side 
 parks were his pride and joy, and he has been 
 sometimes called the father of the system. 
 
 Mr. Sherman was twice married. His first 
 wife was Ophelia Cram, to whom he was united 
 at Fishkill, N. Y., November 14, 1848, and two 
 sons and a daughter were born of this mar- 
 riage. The first Mrs. Sherman died on March 
 5, 1894, and on September 25, 1895, he married 
 Miss Catherine Nosson. Mr. Sherman died at 
 his home February 25, 1902. 
 
 RICHARD E. SHERMAN. 
 Genius is given to but few, but where it burns 
 its flame cannot be extinguished by unfavorable 
 surroundings. One who is born to invent can- 
 not be turned aside by the monotonous routine 
 of daily toil. He will yet find the realization of 
 his cherished ideals. These remarks apply 
 with peculiar aptitude to Mr. Richard E. Sher- 
 man, whose numerous electrical inventions have 
 brought him prominently before both the scien- 
 tific world and the general public. He is a 
 native Chicagoan, having been born here July 
 19, 1858, and graduated from the public schools. 
 At the age of nineteen he engaged in the manu- 
 facture of dry-goods boxes, and continued in 
 that business for thirteen years. The follow- 
 ing three years he spent in Kansas handling 
 oil, but this pursuit proving unsatisfactory, he 
 returned to Chicago and again began making 
 boxes. In 1896 he discontinued this business to 
 accept a position in the Cook County Map De- 
 partment. Despite the exacting nature of hia 
 business cares and clerical duties, Mr. Sherman 
 has found time for the pursuit of his favorite 
 study of electricity and for devising numerous 
 useful inventions, many of which are now 
 in practical use. Among the best-known of 
 these are the following: An improvement 
 in underground trolley subways, now in use 
 on the Broadway electric line in New York 
 City; an electric mail-carrier; the Sherman 
 umbrella, and electric horse starter, in use 
 
996 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 on several American race tracks; and a plan 
 for an electric tower, which was adopted by 
 the exposition authorities at Buffalo, N. Y., 
 and at Glasgow, Scotland. In 1879 Mr. Sherman 
 married Miss Mary A. Morris, a Chicago lady, 
 and their union has been blessed with three 
 children. 
 
 ANDREW SHILLINGLAW. 
 The successful career of Mr. Andrew Shil- 
 linglaw (now deceased) illustrates the possibil- 
 ities which lie open to brains, perseverance and 
 push. Without the adventitious aid of for- 
 tune or influence, he steadily worked his way 
 up the ladder from the bottom round to the 
 high position which, in his later years, he held 
 in the mercantile world, having filled many 
 minor posts with distinguished ability. He is. 
 In the full sense of the word, a Chicagoan, 
 having been born here on May 23, 1856, edu- 
 cated at the Foster public school, and practi- 
 cally spent his business life here. His family 
 was not in affluent circumstances, and while 
 yet a school boy he sold papers upon the streets. 
 After leaving school he went to Rockford, where 
 he worked at various occupations until 1871, 
 when he returned to Chicago to enter the em- 
 ploy of the Western Union Telegraph Company. 
 In 1876, there being a demand for "construc- 
 tion men" in Indian Territory, he went thither, 
 but remained only one year. On his return he 
 again entered the Western Union service, but 
 later abandoned it for that of the Baltimore & 
 Ohio Company, remaining with the latter con- 
 cern until offered the agency for the South 
 Water Street district by the Bankers and Mer- 
 chants' Telegraph Company. In 1879 he en- 
 tered the employ of Armour & Company as a 
 telegraph operator, but his knowledge of elec- 
 tricity and practical skill in its application soon 
 led to his being transferred to the electrical 
 department, and it was chiefly through his per- 
 sistent advocacy of the idea that Mr. P. D. 
 Armour was induced to try an experimental 
 introduction into his plant of electricity as a 
 motive power. The first trial was made in 1888, 
 when it was applied to the operation of a "stuff- 
 ing" machine. In 1892 it was tested for haul- 
 ing freight around the house, one eighty-five 
 horse-power generator being installed and the 
 equipment consisting of two motor cars and a 
 few trailers. The track was of narrow-gauge 
 (three feet), and the cars were built with a 
 view to running under low bridges and around 
 short curves. The trailers had a carrying capac- 
 ity of 1,.')<)0 to 2,000 pounds each, and were so 
 constructed as to l)e available for trucking 
 around the house when not in use on the tracks. 
 The average amount hauled per day was 300,000 
 pounds, an insigniflcant showing when com- 
 pared with the enormous records of today. The 
 Having In expense soon became apparent, and 
 the system was rapidly enlarged. While in 
 charge of the tire alarm system at the Armour 
 plant. .Mr. Shilllnglaw also originated the jjres- 
 enl admirable system of a combination of water 
 
 and fire alarm service. In 1893 he resigned his 
 position to enter the firm of C. E. Woodruff, 
 dealer in electric and mill supplies, from which 
 he withdrew the following year to purchase an 
 interest in the Bradford Belting Company, of 
 Cincinnati. This he retained until Mr. Brad- 
 ford's death in 1896, when he engaged in the 
 electrical and steam-fitting business alone, 
 which he successfully carried on several years. 
 Mr. Shillinglaw was married in 1886 to Miss 
 Elizabeth B. Moffat, who died in 1889, leaving 
 one daughter. Later he was united to Miss 
 Agnes Paterson, who still survives. Mr. Shil- 
 linglaw died February 10, 1901, very suddenly, 
 leaving a widow, two sons and a daughter. 
 
 GEORGE M. SHIPPY, 
 Captain of Police, South Chicago, was born in 
 Chicago June 24, 1854, and attended the Jones, 
 Foster and Douglas public schools (graduating 
 at the latter), and then took a business course 
 at Allen's Academy. After leaving the academy 
 he joined the Fire Department August 23, 1876; 
 was promoted to Lieutenant February 2, 1879, 
 to Captain December 24, 1884, and transferred 
 to Engine 21. He resigned in 1886 and engaged 
 in business until he was appointed Police Pa- 
 trolman by Chief Ebersold, serving under Cap- 
 tain Buckley at Harrison Street Station, and 
 later as Desk Sergeant at the Stanton Avenue 
 and the Twenty-second Street Stations for one 
 and a half years, and then as Minute Clerk for 
 Judge Driggs and Deputy Clerk under Circuit 
 Clerk Henry Best; later acted as condemnation 
 record writer for all the suits brought by the 
 
 Alley L" Railroad Company. 
 During the administration of Mayor Wash- 
 burne, on June 19, 1891, Mr. Shippy was ap- 
 pointed Lieutenant at the Harrison Street 
 Police Station; was promoted to Captain Octo- 
 ber 5, 1891 ; and transferred to Woodlawn Sta- 
 tion April, 1892; was Captain of Police at the 
 opening of the World's Fair and had charge of 
 the escort for Mayor C. H. Harrison, Sr., on the 
 occasion of the visit of Princess Eulalia, of 
 Spain, to Chicago. A squad of twenty-five police- 
 men was chosen from 700 patrolmen, each of 
 them ranging in height from six feet one and a 
 half inches up. Captain Shippy being the short- 
 est man of the squad. He resigned in July, 
 1893, and again went into business for himself, 
 but was returned to the Woodlawn Station un- 
 der Mayor Swift, and transferred to the Stock 
 Yards Station by C. H. Harrison, Jr., remain- 
 ing for one and a half years. He took the civil 
 service examination on November 30, 1898, and 
 was transferred to South Chicago Station, and 
 in 1904 is serving as Police Inspector. During 
 the labor strike on Ajtril 29, 1900, he was sent 
 to the Des Plaines Street Station by his honor, 
 Carter H. Harrison, to assist the old veteran, 
 .John D. Shea, in suppressing the assaults. 
 
 Cai)tain Shippy's father, Richard, was a mem- 
 ber of the Police Department from 1857 to 1877, 
 and was the first member of the Lake Street 
 Squad (now Central Detail). He came from 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 997 
 
 Utica, N. Y., to Chicago in 1846, and was mar- 
 ried at tlie Matteson House to Miss Mary E. 
 Smith of Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Captain Shippy, the son of Richard, married 
 Miss Sadie Randall in Lee County, 111., October 
 
 27, 1879, and four children have been born of 
 this union, two of whom are now living. 
 
 CHARLES SIGWALT. 
 Charles Sigwalt, President of Board of Vil- 
 lage Trustees, Arlington Heights, 111., was born 
 in Alsace, France (now Germany), December 
 
 28, 1839, the son of John and Barbara Sigwalt, 
 who were natives of the same Province. In 
 1862 he enlisted as a member of Company I, 
 Eighty-eighth Illinois Infantry, and served in 
 the Army of the Cumberland, participating in 
 the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Chicka- 
 mauga. Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville. 
 Lost Mountain, Gulp's Farm, Kenesaw Moun- 
 tain, Dallas, Peach Tree Greek, and the siege 
 of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Spring Hill, Franklin, 
 Nashville and other engagements in which his 
 command took part. He held the positions of 
 Corporal, Orderly Sergeant, and was finally pro- 
 moted to Second Ijieutenant, and was never 
 absent from his command during his three 
 years' service, being mustered out at the close 
 of the war in 1865. He has pursued the occu- 
 pation of a bookkeeper for a number of years; 
 was Town Clerk, 1885-89; Postmaster of his 
 home town for four years under the administra- 
 tion of President Cleveland: President of the 
 Village Board of Trustees for the past eight 
 years; a member of the Board of Education 
 continuously for nineteen years up to 1898, the 
 latter year elected Justice of the Peace. He 
 was Master of Palatine Lodge, A. F. & A. M., 
 for six years, and Master under dispensation of 
 Humboldt Park Lodge; is also a member of 
 Palatine Chapter, R. A. M., No. 102. Mr. Sig- 
 walt was married in the city of Chicago in 1874 
 to Elizabeth Bleimehl, and has two children — • 
 Lillian and John C. 
 
 JOHN P. SIMON, 
 Engineer on Engine No. 23, Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, was born in Chicago January 18, 
 1868, and educated in the St. Paul parochial 
 school. Later he worked as a machinist for the 
 United States Rolling Stock Company, and as 
 brakeman and fireman for the Chicago, Burling- 
 ton & Quincy Railroad Company. He joined 
 the Chicago Fire Department November 2, 1891, 
 serving as a substitute on Engine 64; was a 
 candidate on Engine 28, and accepted, later be- 
 ing transferred to Engine 2, and then to Engine 
 7. He was promoted to Engineer July 2, 1894, 
 and assigned to Engine 72, and transferred July 
 1, 1896, to Engine 23. Mr. Simon was married 
 in Chicago October 21, 1890, to Margaret Smith, 
 and five children have been born to them, one 
 of whom is deceased. 
 
 VICTOR W. SINCERE. 
 Victor W. Sincere, lawyer, was born in Louis- 
 
 ville, Ky., February 22, 1876, the son of Emil 
 Sincere, a veteran of the Hungarian Revolution 
 of 1842, and also of the American Civil War of 
 1861. He received his education in the public 
 schools and the University of Chicago, of which 
 last he is a graduate. In 1897 he entered the 
 law office of Edward T. Cahill, where he re- 
 mained until he became a member of the firm 
 of Reed & Sincere. This firm has been, and still 
 is, identified with several notable cases con- 
 cerning the civil service law. Mr. Sincere is a 
 prominent musician of Chicago, having taken a 
 leading part in the organization of many of her 
 societies; is also an ex-athlete of considerable 
 note among the Western Colleges. In politics 
 he is a Republican. 
 
 FRANK D. SKIFF. 
 Frank D. Skiff, soldier, author and scenic 
 artist, Chicago, was born at Windham, Portage 
 County, Ohio, April 27, 1841, and at nine years 
 of age removed with his father to Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, where the elder Skiff became a leading 
 merchant. On the breaking out of the Civil 
 War Frank D. enlisted in the three months' 
 service, after which he re-enlisted and served 
 two years with honor and distinction; was a 
 member of the famous Fremont Body Guard 
 under Major Zazonyi ,and participated in the 
 gallant charge of the "Old Guard" at Spring- 
 field, Mo. Mr. Skiff has won fame as one of the 
 best scenic artists of the country; has painted 
 scenery in all the theaters of our city, besides 
 numerous theaters and opera-houses elsewhere 
 throughout the United States. He began his 
 successful career as an artist under Hiram 
 Powers, the famous sculptor, who was a great 
 friend of the family. His first work was with 
 Powers, when the latter painted his celebrated 
 "Infernal Regions" in the Old Western Mus- 
 eum at Cincinnati. He afterwards accompanied 
 Powers to Italy, remaining there two years. At 
 the close of the Civil War he was engaged in 
 sketching for "Harper's Weekly" and Frank 
 Leslie's papers, sketching on the Union Pacific 
 Railroad for a year prior to its completion. He 
 was present when Governor Stanford, of Cali- 
 fornia, drove the "golden spike" at "Promon- 
 tory Point," which connected the Union and 
 Central Pacific Roads. Mr. Skiff has resided in 
 Chicago since 1867; was appointed a Deputy 
 Collector of Customs under the Harrison ad- 
 ministration, and placed in charge of the Barge 
 Office, which position he held for some time, but 
 finally resigned to embark in other business. 
 He is a member of Farragut Post, No. 602, G. 
 A. R., and is a writer of no small repute, having 
 written several plays of dramatic merit; is also 
 the author of a new historical play entitled 
 "ILLINOIS," an epoch story founded upon the 
 early history and incidents of Fort Dearborn, 
 including the massacre of 1812. This play has 
 the endorsement and cordial approval of Mr. 
 Fernando Jones and many other men of note, 
 who are loud in its praise, and who predict 
 great success for the production, which is to be 
 
998 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 brought about with characteristic scenic effect 
 in the near future. Mr. Skiff can be found at 
 No. 128 South Clarlv Street, Room 8, where he 
 is always pleased to meet both old and new 
 acquaintance alike. 
 
 HENRY SLATER. 
 
 Kenry Slater, live-stock buyer, Union StocK 
 Yards, was born in Sussex, England, April 5, 
 1841, the son of Henry and Ann (Crossley) 
 Slater. Henry Slater, Sr., born in Sussex, Eng- 
 land, in 1810, came to Albany, N. Y., in 1851, 
 and to Chicago in October, 1855, and here be- 
 gan killing cattle for Tobey & Booth at their 
 packing-house on what is now Eighteenth 
 Street, in 1856 sartiug in business for himself 
 manufacturing soap, glue, and rendering lard 
 in the first house built south of Archer Ave- 
 nue between Stewart Avenue and Halsted 
 Street. He sold out to Philip Dyckman in 1867, 
 and kept a market until 1870, but died in May, 
 1873. 
 
 The subject of this sketch came with his 
 parents to Albany in 1851 and to Chicago in 
 1855: worked in Tobey & Booth's packing-house 
 one season, and then commenced butchering for 
 S. Spencer, corner of Adams and State Streets. 
 In 1860 Mr. Spencer kept a meat-market where 
 the Fair Department Store now stands. Later 
 Mr. Slater worked for C. P. Albee, 76 State 
 Street, and for Wustum & Brothers, corner 
 State and Eighteenth Streets, remaining until 
 1870. He then went to Kansas City and St. 
 Louis for W. T. Keenan & Co., and subsequently 
 worked for Nichols & Adams and for Conover & 
 Hall at the Union Stock Yards. In 1873 he took 
 to the house of Fowler & Brothers the first 
 drove of hogs killed by them, and remained with 
 the firm five years; also bought hogs for B. F. 
 Murphy & Co. for three years, for W. H. Silber- 
 horn & Co. three years, and later for Morell & 
 Co. He then went into the butchering business 
 for himself, remaining about two years, when 
 he engaged in buying hogs for the North Pack- 
 ing Company for nine years; at present (1904) 
 is buying for H. F. Googlns. 
 
 GEORGE B. SMITH. 
 George B. Smith, Superintendent of carriage 
 and repair work for Union Stock Yards & 
 Transit Company, was born in Chatham, Can- 
 ada. September 25, 1867, and educated in the 
 public schools. After leaving school he served 
 three years as an apprentice at $2.50 per week, 
 being engaged in carriage building, after which 
 he went to Thamesvilie, Canada, remaining 
 there two years. Returning to Chatham, he 
 worked one and a half years at his trade, then 
 leased a hotel at Dresden, Canada, and a year 
 later went to Port Huron, Mich., tending bar 
 nine months, when he returned to Chatham 
 and worked there until his marriage to 
 MISB Alta Banning. Octol>er 6, 1891. One 
 <hllfl has blPBBed this tinion. After marriage he 
 HI)pnt one year at Ro<-heHler, N. Y., working 
 for .James Cunningham & Co., carriage builders, 
 
 and then returning to Chatham, worked for R. 
 Millner; in January, 1892, came to Chicago, and 
 on March 17th commenced work as helper in 
 the carriage shop of the Union Stock Yards 
 Company, staying there until the company re- 
 moved to its present location in October, 1893. 
 When .John Olmstead, Superintendent of the 
 shop, died in April, 1895, as the result of an 
 accident, Mr. Smith was appointed in his place, 
 remaining until February, 1899, when the firm 
 of Croxon & Smith having been formed, they 
 leased the shops from the company for ten 
 months. F. T. Croxon retired from the firm Jan- 
 uary 1, 1900, G. B. Smith succeeding him, where 
 he is now ready to attend to the many calls 
 made upon him. Having commenced at the 
 foot of the ladder, he has now nearly reached 
 the top, and is running one of the best lines 
 of business on the South Side, turning out very 
 fine work, including breaking carts which have 
 a world-wide reputation. He has filled orders 
 from New York and other Eastern cities; also 
 from London, Liverpool, Belgium and many 
 other foreign countries. He is a member of 
 Mizpah Lodge, No. 768; Blue Lodge, Delta Chap- 
 ter, No. 191; Spartacus, No. 240, Knights of 
 Pythias; and Apollo Temple of Maccabees, Uni- 
 formed Rank Division 3. This young man is an 
 example of what close attention to business will 
 do, and the success which attends it. 
 
 JULIAN E. SMITH. 
 Julian E. Smith, Superintendent of Motive 
 Power for Messrs. Armour & Company, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Ohio, January 19, 1862, and 
 attended both the public and law schools, but 
 because of ill-health left school to make a trip 
 on an Ohio River steamer, of which his father 
 was engineer. He took an interest in the pro- 
 fession, and adopted it, despite the objections 
 of his father and other relatives to his follow- 
 nig engineering for a livelihood. He was 
 tutored by an ex-chief engineer of the United 
 States Navy, and at the age of twenty-one se- 
 cured a license as assistant engineer, and at 
 twenty-five obtained a chief engineer's license, 
 becoming Supervising Engineer of the Unit- 
 ed Magdalena Steam Navigation Company, at 
 Barranquilla, United States of Colombia, South 
 America. In 1889 he returned to the United 
 States, and, on August 8, 1889, married Miss 
 .\nnie B. Mercer, of Pittsburg, Pa. One son 
 has been born to them. Mr. Smith installed the 
 machinery in the first two electric railway 
 plants that operated west of the Allegheny 
 Mountains, viz: The Pleasant Valley Power Sta- 
 tion, at Allegheny, and the station of the Du- 
 quesne Traction Company at Pittsburg. In 
 November, 1892, he came to Chicago and in 
 February, 1893, accepted the position as Master 
 Mechanic for Armour & Company, Chicago, and 
 subsequently was appointed to the position of 
 Superintendent of Motive Power, with super- 
 vision over the mechanical work of the entire 
 Armour interests. 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 999 
 
 JOHN H. SPENGLER, 
 
 Assistant City Engineer for Cliicago, was born 
 in Bethlehem, Pa., January 23, 1866; attended 
 the public and parochial schools, and entered 
 Lehigh University in 3 882, graduating as Civil 
 Engineer in 1886. He first worked for the Le- 
 high Valley Railroad and Coal Company, of 
 Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; then came to Chicago March 
 6, 1887, and entered the employ of the Atchison, 
 Topeka & Santa Pe Railroad Company on their 
 terminals, remaining until December 15, 1888. 
 On January 2, 1889, he became Assistant Engi- 
 neer, in charge of tunnels and underground 
 construction, for the Artesian Water Company, 
 of Memphis Tenn., but resigned this position in 
 May, 1890, to become Assistant Engineer in the 
 Sanitary District of Chicago; resigned the lat- 
 ter in April, 1891, and returned to Memphis for 
 the Artesian Water Company, finally becoming 
 Assistant Engineer for the extension of their 
 tunnel system. Again on August 15, 1892, he 
 resigned his position at Memphis to accept that 
 of Assistant Engineer for the Sanitary District 
 of Chicago, but resigning this on September 1, 
 1895, became Assistant Engineer of the City of 
 Chicago in charge of one of the sections of the 
 new land and lake tunnel system. May 15, 1897, 
 he was appointed Assistant City Engineer, in 
 general charge of the division of all the tunnel, 
 crib and pumping station construction, where 
 he still remains. He has shown by his close 
 attention to all the details of his work that he 
 is well fitted for this important position. Mr. 
 Spengler is a member of the Western Society of 
 Engineers, and the Chicago Academy of 
 Sciences. He married Miss Rose Cunningham 
 in Chicago June 26, 1895, and two children have 
 blessed their union. 
 
 EDWARD R. SPIES, 
 Engineer of Engine 56, Chicago. Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Chicago October 5, 1865; 
 graduated from the Lincoln school, and after 
 leaving school worked for Godfrey & Clark, 
 paper manufacturers; then for Davis & Fair- 
 lamb, dealers in creamery supplies; later for 
 Felix & Marston, and the Adams & Westlake 
 Company, until he joined the Fire Department 
 June 15, 1891, beginning in the repair shop. 
 Later he was assigned to Engine No. 14, and 
 then to Engine 40; was promoted to Engineer 
 December 7, 1894, and transferred to Engine 
 8; then to Engine 72 October 9, 1897; trans- 
 ferred to Engine Company No. 56 February 
 1, 1901, where he still remains ready for any 
 call at the risk of life or limb. Mr. Spies was 
 married to Miss Augusta L. Glander in Chi- 
 cago June 16, 1888, and two children have been 
 born to them, viz: Jessie G. and Edw. C. Spies. 
 
 JOHN A. SPOOR. 
 To be endowed with a keen insight into 
 future contingencies, as well as a ready grasp 
 of affairs; to perceive at once the right thing to 
 do and, at the same time, know how to do 
 it; to be capable of directing, both in general 
 
 and in detail, the vast and momentous inter- 
 ,ests of giant corporations — these are faculties 
 possessed by few among millions, and he who 
 has them is not permitted to sit apart and pass 
 his days in drudgery and obscurity. The neces- 
 sity or expediency of circumstances finds them 
 out and elevates them to the position for which 
 nature has fitted them. Thus has it been with 
 John A. Spoor, President of the Union Stock 
 Yards & Transit Company and of the Chicago 
 Junction Railway. 
 
 For many years Mr. Spoor was well and fav- 
 orably known to the railway world as the effi- 
 cient General Manager of the V/agner Palace 
 Car Company, and, on the organization of the 
 Chicago Junction Railway Company, was elect- 
 ed to its presidency. This is a unique but im- 
 portant line, running from Whiting, Ind., to 
 Blue Island, 111., and from McCook to Frank- 
 lin — its total length being twenty-five miles. It 
 is a consolidation of the Chicago, Hammond & 
 Western and the Chicago & Indiana State Line 
 Companies, and leases various systems having 
 a trackage aggregating 101 miles. The Stock 
 Yards branch runs from Chappell, and is ten 
 miles in length. The company owns more than 
 300 miles of main track and sidings, of which 
 150 are in and around the packing-house dis- 
 trict, every road entering Chicago connecting 
 directly with the Yards over this line. Ou 
 .lanuary 17, 1900, Mr. Spoor was also elected 
 President of the Union Stock Yards & Transit 
 Company, succeeding the late Mr. John B. Sher- 
 man, who declined to serve after re-election. 
 Mr. Spoor was also President of the Interna- 
 tional Live Stock Exposition, which opened at 
 Dexter Park Amphitheater, December 1, 1900, 
 and is a director in the National Live Stock 
 Bank, as he was of the Union National previous 
 to its consolidation with the First National, 
 when he was re-elected to the directorate of the 
 new organization. 
 
 Mr. Spoor was married in St. Louis, Mo., on 
 February 12, 1888, to Miss Frances A. Samuel, 
 and they have one daughter, named Caryl Rus- 
 sell. 
 
 JOHN CAMPBELL SPRAY, M. D. 
 
 Dr. John Campbell Spray was born Septem- 
 ber 21, 1845, in Bridgeport, Ind., a son of James 
 and Elizabeth (Owen) Spray, both members of 
 the Society of Friends. The father, who was 
 a merchant in Bridgeport, died of cholera in 
 1854. Dr. Spray comes of old Revolutionary 
 stock, his great-grandfather being Col. John 
 Campbell, a native of Scotland, who was a 
 noted buccaneer on whose head a price was 
 placed, and who became a Colonel in the Amer- 
 ican Army during the Revolutionary War. 
 Dr. Spray received his education in the com- 
 mon schools of Indiana, and at Earlham Col- 
 lege, a Quaker institution near Richmond, Ind. 
 After leaving college he entered the office of 
 Drs. L. & C. H. Abbott, of Indianapolis, where 
 he studied medicine for three years In T869 
 he came to Chicago and took up the study of 
 general medicine and surgery in the Bennett 
 
lOOO 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Medical College, rrom wnich he was graduaterl 
 in the class of 1870. He began the practice 
 of his profession but, seeking a wider range 
 of knowledge, he later entered the medical de- 
 partment of the Northwestern University and 
 there continued his studies. His office and 
 library were destroyed in the great fire of 1871, 
 after which he spent the following year in New 
 York City in hospital practice. 
 
 Returning to Chicago he again entered the 
 medical department of the Northwestern Uni- 
 versity from which he was graduated in the 
 spring of 1873. He continued in general prac- 
 tice from that time until January, 1878, when 
 he assumed the duties of Medical Director of 
 the Cook County Hospital for the Insane, the 
 Cook County Almshouse, and the obstetrical 
 and general hospitals, his appointment having 
 been confirmed by the Board of County Com- 
 missioners in the fall of 1877. He retained his 
 position until September 1, 1882, when he was 
 made Superintendent of the Insane Asylum. 
 In 1SS4, owing to the changes in the political 
 complexion of the Board, he was not re-ap- 
 pointed, but the year following was again in- 
 stalled as chief officer of the institution, con- 
 tinuing to serve in this position until 1889. 
 After ten years of honest, faithful service, he 
 retired from public life and has since given his 
 time and attention to his private practice. 
 
 While he does not make a specialty of in- 
 sane cases, on account of his long experience 
 and thorough knowledge on the subject of in- 
 sanity, he is frequently called upon for expert 
 testimony in courts where questions of mental 
 responsibility arise. Socially Dr. Spray is a 
 member of Blair LiOdge and Washington Chap- 
 ter. A. F. & A. M., and the Oriental Consistory, 
 A. A. S. R., in which he has attained the Thir- 
 ty-second degree, and of the Medinah Temple 
 of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs to only one 
 club, the White Chapel. He is associated with 
 various Chicago and Cook County Medical 
 Societies. Dr. Spray was married in New 
 York August 28. 1872. to Mary A., 
 daughter of Dr. Rol)ert A. Gunn, an eminent 
 physician who came from Scotland. To Dr. 
 and Mrs. Spray have been born eight children, 
 five of whom survive. The Doctor is a man of 
 great persistence, varied ability and untiring 
 activity, who commands success where others 
 might fail. 
 
 MASON L. STAPLES. 
 
 Mason L. Staples, farmer and Township 
 Supervisor. Palatine. Cook County, 111., was 
 born at Palatine in 18.")4 and educated in his 
 native village. His father. Lyman Staples, was 
 a native of Bennington, Vt., where he was born 
 October 2:5, 181<;. and in 1S40 located with his 
 wife. Mary Staples (born September 21, 1820), 
 In Palatine Township. Cook County. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch was first married to Clareu- 
 tlne K. Walters, and on April T), 1889, to Alice E. 
 I^mbf^rt. He Ik a Republican in politics, was 
 Road ("ommlHsloner from 189/ to 189.'j, and was 
 SupervlBor from IS99 to 1902. 
 
 HENRY S. STEBBINS. 
 
 The high reward to be obtained in character 
 and influence through a life of industry and 
 probity, guided and regulated by a sense of 
 Christian obligation, is illustrated in the career 
 of the late Henry S. Stebbins. A native of New 
 York, he was born at Gowanda, Cattaraugus 
 County, November 16, 1835, the son of uaniel 
 and Asenath (Henry) Stebbins. He received 
 his early education in the schools and academy 
 of his native town and graduated from the 
 State Normal School at Albany, N. Y., July 13, 
 1854, where he received a degree of honor for 
 his excellent attainments in mathematics. 
 After leaving the Normal School he engaged 
 in teaching for several terms in the Sherburne 
 Union and the Owego Academies, later being 
 appointed one of the School Commissioners of 
 Erie County, an office which he filled for six 
 years, when he began the publication of county 
 maps. He lived in Toledo, Ohio, for several 
 years, where he was proprietor of a wholesale 
 and retail bookstore. In 1878 Mr. Stebbins re- 
 moved to Chicago and engaged in the map pub- 
 lishing business for about thirteen years. 
 
 March 20, 1861, at Lowville, N. Y., he was 
 united in marriage with Miss Mary L. Phillips. 
 In 1891 he retired from active business and 
 thereafter spent much time in traveling in the 
 United States, Mexico and Europe, and many 
 valuable articles from his pen, on the scenes 
 and incidents of his travels, gained a wide cir- 
 culation. Among some of his letters deserving 
 special mention were those from various parts 
 of Europe, Egypt and the Holy Land, many of 
 them being published in the "London Times." 
 "Chicago Inter-Ocean," the European edition of 
 the "New York Herald," and other papers. 
 
 In political opinion Mr. Stebbins was a 
 stanch Republican, although not an active par- 
 tisan. Shortly after removing to Chicago, he 
 united with the Plymouth Congregational 
 Church and became an active and devoted mem- 
 ber. June 22, 1898, this worthy man succumbed 
 to disease, and in accordance with his previous 
 wish, his remains were laid to rest by the side 
 of his father and mother in the beautiful cem- 
 etery overlooking his native village. 
 
 Mr. Stebbins' example, his sympathy and his 
 active support were always on the side of hu- 
 manity, and his efforts were all toward elevat- 
 ing the human race. He was a refined and 
 high-minded gentleman, dignified and pleasing 
 in his bearing, interesting in his conversation, 
 and his manners always presenting a nature 
 radiant with pleasantry. He was a friend 
 highly prized by all who knew him, and his life 
 was one of beneficence to the church, of inspir- 
 ation and help to the coninninity and of con- 
 sideration and charity to the jjoor. A man of 
 domestic tastes, he was never hapi)ier than 
 when bv his fli-eside with his affectionate and 
 estimable wife, who still survives him. 
 
 PHILIP STEELE, 
 Assistant Engineer, West Side Puuii)ing Sta- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 lOOI 
 
 tion, was born in Johnson, Vt., June 19, 1865, 
 attended the public schools until he was sixteen 
 years old, and the High School at Concord, N. 
 H., for four years, graduating from the latter 
 on his twentieth birthday, June 19, 1885. Com- 
 ing to Champaign, 111., in 1885, he took a course 
 in mechanical engineering at the University of 
 Illinois, graduating there June 9, 1889, then 
 came to Chicago, June 20, following, arriving 
 at 8 o'clock, a. m., and, at 10 o'clock the same 
 day, commenced work for the Walter A. Wood 
 Harvesting Machinery Company, as expert on 
 harvesting machinery. During the summer he 
 .traveled through Illinois, returning to Chicago 
 in November, 1889, when he entered the employ 
 of the Bouton Foundry Company as machinist, 
 engineer, draughtsman and architectural iron 
 estimator, later taking charge of their pur- 
 chasing and shipping departments until June 
 20, 1891. Through the recommendation of Presi- 
 dent Bradley of the Bouton Foundry Company, 
 he obtained a position with the Safety Car 
 Heating & Lighting Company, of New York, 
 having charge of all their business west of the 
 Ohio River, and erecting several plants in Chi- 
 cago and other cities for the Pintsch System 
 of lighting cars. On January 15, 1893, Mr. 
 Steele returned to the employ of the Bouton 
 Foundry Company as city salesman, remaining 
 until they retired from business in July, 1893. 
 During the next two years he was in different 
 lines of business until August 25, 1895, when 
 the Civil Service Law went into effect in Chi- 
 cago, and he was the first engineer to file an 
 application under that law, taking examina- 
 tions as they came along; was appointed en- 
 gineer at the Hyde Park Police Station, Decem- 
 ber 23, 1895; became assistant engineer at the 
 Seventieth Street Sewage Pumping Station, 
 September 1, 1896; took the promotional civil 
 service examination October 6, 1896, standing 
 third on the list, and was transferred to Ful- 
 lerton Avenue Pumping Station, November 6, 
 1896, remaining until October 2, 1897, when he 
 was promoted assistant engineer of the West 
 Side Pumping Works, where he still remains 
 ready for any duty that may devolve upon him. 
 Mr. Steele is a member of the Columbian 
 Knights, Oriental Lodge No. 44, which is the 
 third largest lodge in the order. He was mar- 
 ried to Miss Hattie A. Morrison, in Urbana, 
 111., February 11, 1891, and one daughter named 
 Phyllis has blessed this union. 
 
 PETER STELLMANN. 
 Peter Stellmann (deceased), a prominent cit- 
 izen of Orchard Place, Cook County, 111., and 
 late Postmaster of that village, was born near 
 Hanover, Germany, August 13, 1840, the young- 
 est child of Peter Stellmann, Sr., and at six 
 years of age was brought by his parents to 
 America, the family first settling in DuPage 
 County, whence two years later they removed to 
 Cook County, which remained the home of the 
 subject of this sketch for the rest of his life. 
 Here he was reared to manhood in the usual 
 
 manner of farmers' lads, acquiring his educa- 
 tion in the common grammar schools and re- 
 maining with his parents until he attained his 
 majority. In 1863 he was married to Miss Mar- 
 garet Gollner, who had been in this country 
 but a short time, and the young couple began 
 life on a farm in Maine Township. Of this 
 union there were five children: Emma, John, 
 William, Louise and Charles. Mr. Stellmann's 
 second wife was Miss Minnie Kade, and three 
 children were born to them: Fred, Fredericka 
 and Minnie. 
 
 In his political opinions Mr. Stellmann was 
 a consistent and zealous Republican, and, at 
 the time of his death, he held the office of 
 Postmaster at Orchard Place, which he had oc- 
 cupied for five years. He was also the owner 
 of a 98-acre farm, but for the previous ten 
 years had been a resident of the village of 
 Orchard Place, where he had conducted a gen- 
 eral store and saloon. In his religious belief 
 he was an Evangelical Lutheran, and main- 
 tained a reputation for integrity, courtesy and 
 fair-dealing in his business and social rela- 
 tions, treating rich and poor alike. Mr. Stell- 
 mann's death occurred July 15, 1901. 
 
 JAMES STEWART, 
 Assistant-Engineer, West Side Pumping Works, 
 Ashland Avenue and Twenty-second Street, 
 Chicago, born in Manchester, England, Nov., 
 30, 1842, was educated at a local academy, and 
 after leaving the academy, served his time as 
 an apprentice with William Fairburn & Son, 
 Manchester, remaining with them several 
 years. In 1864 he came to this country on a 
 sailing-vessel, the voyage consuming eighteen 
 days. After his arrival on April 4th, he went 
 to work for the Morgan Iron Works, later being 
 employed at Wilkesbarre, Pa., and then at 
 Stover's Machinery Works, New York, working 
 on the Gun-boat "Tullahoma" until the boat 
 was ready for service. Later he went to Water- 
 bury, Conn., and there worked in a machine 
 shop for a time, when he returned to England, 
 arriving there on New Year's Day, 1866. Re-, 
 turning to New York, April 18, 1867, he worked 
 for the Long Island Railroad Company for 
 seven years, part of the time as foreman, and 
 on February 20, 1874, went to the Quintard 
 Iron Works, New York, and built the engine 
 for the Gun-boat "Alliance," which was taken 
 to Virginia and placed on board the boat by 
 him; returned to New York, August 5, 1875, 
 and January 12, 1876, came to Chicago and in 
 the employ of the Quintard Iron Works, con- 
 structed the two engines for the West Side 
 Water Works. The engines were started run- 
 ning, in November, 1876, Mr. Stewart being ap- 
 pointed assistant-engineer and promoted to 
 chief engineer in 1889, remaining in this posi- 
 tion until May 1, 1894. On July 1, 1896, under 
 civil service rules, he was appointed Inspector 
 of Machinery for the Sewerage Department, 
 continuing in this position until July, 1897. in 
 October, 1897, he was certified as Assistant-En- 
 
I002 
 
 HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 gineer by the Civil Service Commission, and 
 assigned "to the North Side Water Works; De- 
 cember 11, 1897, was transferred to the West 
 Side Pumping Works, Ashland Avenue and 
 Twenty-second Street, where he still remains. 
 :Mr. Stewart has shown during his long con- 
 tinued service his fitness for the position which 
 he occupies, and which he has filled with credit, 
 evincing his thorough knowledge of the busi- 
 ness. He was married at Green Point, Long 
 Island, on March 2, 1868, to Miss Mary A. Hill, 
 and they are the parents of five children. 
 
 LEWIS W. STONE. 
 
 Lewis W. Stone, pioneer real-estate owner 
 and capitalist, was born in Orford, N. H., No- 
 vember 4, 1816. Education was regarded as 
 being one of the unattainable (and by no 
 means indispensable) aims of life. According- 
 ly Lewis worked upon the farm with his father 
 almost from his infancy, attended school for 
 six months in the year during his early boy- 
 hood, and three months annually after he had 
 gained sufficient strength to do the work of a 
 youth. About the time of attaining his major- 
 ity, with characteristic New England ambition, 
 he sought a new field of labor. He secured em- 
 ployment at Troy, N. Y., and in one year, out 
 of a compensation of ten dollars a month and 
 board, had saved one hundred dollars, which 
 he had loaned out upon interest. At the end 
 of the second year he had become a capitalist 
 in a small way, and might have followed his 
 policy of accumulation still further had he not 
 been summoned home because of his father's 
 failing health. To few of its early pioneers 
 does the present City of Chicago owe more than 
 to the hardy descendants of the Pilgrim fathers 
 who, in 1620, on a cold December day, planted 
 the standard of personal liberty on one of the 
 bare precipices of the New England coast. The 
 children of these men, whose brains were 
 ceaselessly active and whose sinews have been 
 hardened by a victorious conflict with both 
 rugged nature and the Aborigines, have never 
 failed to infuse new ideas, fresh energy and 
 unflinching courage into each community in 
 which they have taken up their residence. 
 
 It is from such stock that Lewis W. Stono 
 traces his descent. His father was Abijah 
 Stone, a native of Worcester, Mass., one of 
 whose progenitors, Gregory Stone, emigrated 
 to this country from Somersetshire, England, 
 In 1634. His mother was Mehitabel Gage, also 
 a native of Massachusetts, who subsequent to 
 h'T marriage, lived with her husl)and upon a 
 hill-side farm in New Hami).shirc, where a 
 scanty soil renders severe toil necessary to ex- 
 istence, and where energy is inhaled In the 
 mountain air. On the slopes of the White 
 Mountains, hoys In those days learned to work 
 before they had emerged from childhood, and 
 young Stone formed no exception to the rule. 
 In 1845, having grown dissatisfied with the 
 business outlook at home, Mr. Stone started 
 upon a prospecting tour, traveling as far west as 
 
 Illinois. Being favorably impressed with the 
 natural advantages of the country in the vicin- 
 ity of the present city of Elgin, he determined 
 to emigrate thither. With this end in view 
 he retraced his steps to New Hampshire, dis- 
 posed of his farm and stock, and with his wife 
 started upon his tedious, tiresome jpurney to- 
 ward the valley of Fox River. On reaching 
 Chicago, however, Mr. and Mrs. Stone de- 
 termined to take up their residence in the in- 
 fant city, although never dreaming of its fu- 
 ture possibilities. He at once began to look 
 about for some enterprise in which he might 
 invest and increase the eleven hundred dollars, 
 which he had brought with him, and which 
 constituted his entire pecuniary wealth. He de- 
 cided to buy a lime kiln, then at a point out- 
 side of the city, but within the limits of the lat- 
 er town of Bridgeport. Of the business itself he 
 knew nothing; yet it seemed to promise fair 
 returns, and he knew that "Yankee grit" and a 
 close application to business would tell here, 
 just as they have always told elsewhere. For 
 two years he conducted the manufacture of 
 lime, but in 1849, in common with a myriad 
 of others, his brain became inflamed with the 
 mania for "digging gold" in California. He 
 did not know the privations of a miner's life, 
 and it may be added that, had he comprehended 
 them, his rugged New England temperament 
 would not have shrunk from encountering 
 them. Bidding his wife good-by, he returned 
 to Boston, where he embarked to San Fran- 
 cisco, via Cape Horn. After a wearisome voy- 
 age of six months, he landed within the Golden 
 Gate. His first objective point was the gold 
 fields on the "American Fork" of the Sacra- 
 mento River. The claim which he staked off 
 proved reasonably remunerative, but that 
 dreaded enemy of the gold-digger, typhoid 
 fever, attacked him, and after his recovery, he 
 found others in possession. Nor was the pros- 
 pect alluring in other respects to one enfeebled 
 by an insidious disease, and Mr. Stone resolved 
 to return to Illinois. Leaving San Francisco 
 in August, 1850, he reached New York in the 
 autumn, his experience on his outward trip 
 having satisfied him of the route across the 
 Isthmus of Panama. 
 
 Upon his return to Chicago he began the 
 manufacture of brick, furnishing this descrip- 
 tion of building material for many of the best 
 known buildings of those comparatively early 
 days. His enterprise proved successful, but 
 his deep-rooted faith in the city's future devel- 
 opment induced him (o invest the profits of his 
 business in real estate. Within a few years 
 his interests in land became so considerable 
 that he abandoned the manufacture of brick 
 and engaged in the general real-estate business, 
 to which he devoted his entire time and energy 
 until his retirement from active pursuits a few 
 years ago. With almost jirophclic foresight of 
 Chicago's growth, Mr. Stone bought largely on 
 the South Side, beyond the then (>xisliiig limits 
 of the city, and the subdivision of a large tract 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 1003 
 
 owned by him in the neighborhood of Jackson 
 Park has, by its enormous returns, attested his 
 business sagacity. Before it was placed on the 
 market as city lots, Mr. Stone, to use his own 
 language, "made a living from it ' by using it 
 as a market garden. It now yields a handsome 
 income from rents. 
 
 Mr. Stone has always displayed a genuine 
 public spirit, having been among the first to 
 recognize the value to the city of the establish- 
 ment of a system of improvements which might 
 bid fair to be commensurate with Chicago's 
 future needs. In that section of the city which 
 he has himself opened up, he has taken especial 
 pride in providing broad streets and handsome 
 boulevards. In the facilitation of intra-mural 
 transportation he has also taken a prominent 
 part, and it was in no small measure due to his 
 efforts that the property owners along State 
 Street, between Lake and Twelffh, consented to 
 the granting of a franchise to Chicago's first 
 railway, on whose cars Mrs. Stone was the first 
 woman to ride. 
 
 Mr. Stone's political affiliations are with the 
 Republican party, being an ardent and uncom- 
 promising protectionist, while his religious 
 creed is broad and humanitarian. 
 
 He was married to Miss Mary R. Gardner, 
 of Lynne, N. H., on April 4, 1841, and resumed 
 the avocation of agriculture (this time on a 
 farm of his own) at Bath, in his native State. 
 Only practical experience and wise manage- 
 ment enabled him to add, each year, from the 
 sterile soil, a little to his small savings. Since 
 his retirement from business, he has traveled 
 extensively with his wife both in this country 
 and in Europe. Chicago owes a large debt of 
 gratitude to her sturdy pioneers and to none 
 more than Lewis W. Stone. 
 
 JAMES H. STOWELL. 
 Dr. James H. Stowell, physician, Chicago, 
 was born in Delavan, Wis., April 29, 1854, the 
 second son of Elijah and Lucinda (Bristol) 
 Stowell, who were natives, respectively, of the 
 States of New Hampshire and New York. On 
 the paternal side his family were descended 
 from the Stowells who came from iijngland and 
 became early settlers of the New England col- 
 onies. Dr. Stowell received his literary edu- 
 cation in Beloit College, Wis., after which he 
 took a three-years' course in the Chicago Med- 
 ical College, now known as the Northwestern 
 University Medical School, from which he grad- 
 uated, receiving his degree of M. D. in June, 
 1881. He was President of the Chicago Med- 
 ical Society for the year 1900-1901, being suc- 
 ceeded by Dr. Christian Fenger. He has also 
 served as President of the National Association 
 of Life Insurance Examiners, President of the 
 Chicago Association of Life Insurance Exam- 
 iners and Medical Director of the National Life 
 Insurance Co., U. S. A.; he is a member of the 
 Chicago Congregational Club; American Medical 
 Association; Illinois State Medical Society; 
 Chicago Medical Society; Mississippi Valley 
 
 Medical Society; Chicago Physician's Club; 
 the Royal League; the Royal Arcanum; Colum- 
 bian Knights, and North American Union: is also 
 Professor of Medicine in Dearborn Medical College. 
 In religious belief Dr. Stowell is a Congre- 
 gationalist and a deacon in the Plymouth Con- 
 gregational Church; politically is affiliated witn 
 the Republican party. He was married in 
 June, 1880, at Aurora, 111., to Frances E. 
 Beckett, who bore him six children, five of 
 whom are living, viz.: Marion, Helen, Lucinda, 
 James and Frances. Reeves Jackson, the 
 fourth child, is deceased. Mrs. Stowell died 
 in September, 1897. 
 
 JACOB STRADER. 
 
 Not to every man is it given to look back 
 upon a well-spent life of more than three-score 
 years and ten, crowned with a success won by 
 unflagging industry, unwearying energy, un- 
 questioned integrity and well-nigh unending 
 hard work. Mr. Jacob Strader, one of the 
 earliest and most successful dealers at the 
 Union Stock Yards, is now in his seventy-eighth 
 year, hale, well preserved, and vigorous in both 
 mind and body. His life has been filled with 
 honorable toil, the reward for which has been 
 gained not only in financial success, but also 
 in the affectionate esteem of those who know 
 him best. He was born in Pickaway County, 
 Ohio, not far from the City of Columbus, 
 August 27, 1827. Inured to hard work as the 
 son of a pioneer farmer, on leaving the district 
 school which had afforded him his only educa- 
 tional advantages, he was well fitted both by 
 physical strength and knowledge of the care of 
 stock, to become a drover. In those early days 
 that position was no sinecure. Riding on 
 horseback at the head of a herd of cattle, ac- 
 companied by two assistants on foot, with a 
 drove of hogs following behind, young Strader 
 crossed and re-crossed the Alleghenies six 
 times, the trips to New York averaging sixty 
 days each. He began this work in 1848, and in 
 1854 removed to McDonough County, 111., 
 whence, for several years, he shipped cattle to 
 the Chicago market, consigning them to the old 
 Myrick yards on Cottage Grove Avenue. 
 
 Upon coming to Chicago in 1862 he resolved 
 to engage in the live-stock commission busi- 
 ness on his own account. For three years ha 
 was located at the Myrick yards, but on the 
 opening of the Union Stock Yards in 1865, he 
 obtained quarters there. In 1867 he entered 
 into partnership with H. H. Cooley, and in 
 1869 Allan Gregory and L. R. Hastings entered 
 the firm, the style then being changed from 
 Strader & Cooley to Gregory, Strader & Com- 
 pany. In 1874, Mr. Strader withdrew from this 
 firm to organize that of Jacob Strader & Sons, 
 which is still successfully engaged in business 
 at the Yards. 
 
 On September 23, 1851, Mr. Strader was mar- 
 ried to Hannah Maria Dunn, and of this union 
 there were eight children, five of whom aro 
 living. 
 
X004 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 WILLIAM F. STUBINGER, 
 Pipeman on Engine 56, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., June 11, 1864, 
 was educated in the Benedict School, Buffalo, 
 and came to Chicago in 1881, after which he 
 worked as a finisher for the Riley Furniture 
 Company and at his trade as decorator until 
 1887; then worked at the same trade in the 
 Sherman House until January 8, 1891, when he 
 joined the Fire Department as a stoker on En- 
 gine 58. In 1893 he went to the World's Fair 
 Grounds and took charge of the Hook and Lad- 
 der Company on the Midway, and was at the 
 cold storage fire, July 10, 1893. He was next 
 transferred to Engine No. 30; in 1895, to En- 
 gine 33, and then to Engine 56; was on duty 
 at the lumber yard fire and several other large 
 fires in the down-town district. On July 29, 
 1892, he helped to save an old man from drown- 
 ing in the Calumet River, being assisted by 
 Engineer Charles H. Waters, of Engine 58 
 (Fire-Boat "Yosemite"). The boat caught fire 
 while on the lake in a storm, and the company 
 working hard to save it, finally brought It to 
 the pier where Chief Swenie was waiting to 
 receive them. He also worked in the- South Chi- 
 cago Salt Dock fire, where he put in over thirty- 
 nine hours in continuous hard service. He has 
 had many rescues and narrow escapes but no 
 serious injuries. Mr. Stubinger was married 
 in Chicago, November 26, 1884, to Miss Bertha 
 Boerner, and four sons and one daughter have 
 blessed their union, viz.: Frank, Walter, 
 Willie, John and Clara. 
 
 WILLIAM G. STURM, 
 Truckman, Hook and Ladder Company, No. 20, 
 Chicago Fire Department, was born in Chicago, 
 November 14, 1868; was educated in the Graham, 
 Douglas, Raymond and McClellan public 
 schools, and after leaving school, went to work 
 for the American District Telephone Company, 
 remaining with them five years, doing all kinds 
 of work from running as messenger boy to tend- 
 ing the regular lights. He then worked for 
 Daw Brothers in their tin-shop for four years, 
 and for Swift & Company until 1892; was next 
 employed on the World's Fair buildings, until 
 March 24, 1893, when he joined the World's 
 Fair Fire Department, remaining there until 
 the company was disbanded, December 31, 1893. 
 Mr. Sturm had special leave from Captain Gar- 
 vey for an "oft." William Mahoney took his 
 place, and went to the cold storage fire, and 
 when the explosion occurred, he, with Frank 
 Blelenberg, slid down the rope about forty feet, 
 and then dropped about fifty feet to the roof ot 
 the main building. Both were severely burned, 
 and Mahoney had both legs and his collar-bone 
 broken. Mr. Sturm attended the cold storage 
 Are and helped raise the ladder by which Cap- 
 tain Fltzpalrick was rescued from the roof. 
 HIh company was the only one that had a line 
 on the lop of the tower. After the tower had 
 fallen he was ordered to pull down the line that 
 waH burned In two. With M. Bonflpld and others 
 
 he procured a hose and another pipe, and 
 worked at the fire. He joined the Chicago Fire 
 Department on Engine 80, April 14, 1897, and 
 was transferred to Truck 20, August 11, 1898, 
 where he still remains ready for any call to 
 duty and danger. 
 Mr. Sturm was married in Chicago January 
 
 21, 1887, to Miss Bertha Spatholt, and four 
 children have blessed their union. 
 
 DANIEL L. SULLIVAN, 
 Chief Engineer, Springfield Avenue Pumping 
 Station, Chicago, was born in Kankakee, 111., 
 March 1, 1864, and educated in the public 
 schools in that city. Coming to Chicago, in 
 April, 1876, he entered the Cornell public 
 school, after leaving which he commenced his 
 apprenticeship as machinist with the Illinois 
 Central Railroad Company, remaining eight 
 years; then went to St. Louis and erected a 
 cotton and linseed-oil mill for Robert B. Brown 
 & Company, remaining there two years; then 
 returned to Chicago and had charge of all of 
 the Illinois Central Railroad Company's sta- 
 tionary and air-brake machinery for three 
 years. He was appointed Assistant Engineer 
 of the Sixty-eighth Street Pumping Works, May 
 8, 1889, retaining the position for seven years, 
 when he resigned and went into the manufac- 
 ture of castor-oil, but sold out the business in 
 March, 1897. He was appointed Chief Engineer 
 of the Sixty-eighth Street Pumping Works, May 
 20, 1897, remaining in charge until transferred 
 to the Fourteenth Street Pumping Station, May 
 
 22, 1901, which is one of the largest and most 
 complete of all the pumping stations operated 
 by the City of Chicago. November 1, 1901, he 
 was transferred to the Springfield Avenue 
 Pumping Station, where he is still on duty. 
 This is one of the most important stations in 
 the city, having three triple-expansion Worth- 
 ington engines, with a capacity of 20,000,000 
 gallons each in twenty-four hours, driven by 
 six Scotch marine boilers each having 225 
 horse-power. 
 
 Mr. Sullivan was married to Miss Catherine 
 E. Gibbons, in Michigan City, Ind., June 15, 
 1892, and three children have blessed this 
 union. Mrs. Sullivan passed away December 
 11, 1897. 
 
 THOMAS SUNDERLAND. 
 
 Thomas Sunderland, live-stock commission 
 merchant, was born in Burlington. Iowa, 
 March 5, 1839, and educated in the public 
 schools. After leaving school, about 1856, he 
 shipped cattle to New York from Burlington 
 for some years. In 1859, in company with John 
 H. Martin, ho started for Pike's Peak, but on 
 arriving twenty miles west of Fort Kearney, 
 on account of so many returning from Pike's 
 Peak in a starving condition, they concluded 
 to return to Burlington, and Mr. Sunderland 
 engaged in farming until the war broke out in 
 1861, when he was appointed sutler of the 
 First Iowa Cavalry, remaining with them 
 three years. In April, 186(;, he came to Chi- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1005 
 
 cago and commenced the live-stock commission 
 business with M. G. Criswell undei- the firm 
 name of Criswell & Sunderland, this partner- 
 ship continuing for three years, when Mr. Cris- 
 well having retired from the firm, Mr. Sunder- 
 land's brother George joined him, and the style 
 of the firm was changed to Sunderland & 
 Brother, so remaining until John Wallwork 
 entered the firm, and the style was changed 
 to Wallwork & Sunderland. This was con- 
 tinued until George Sunderland went to work 
 for Armour & Co. in 1880, and the firm was 
 dissolved. Later the Chicago Packing Com- 
 pany hired Thomas Sunderland to buy hogs 
 for them, and he remained in that capacity 
 for five years, and then commenced business 
 for himself. Mr. Sunderland was married to 
 Miss Amelia Leffler in Burlington, Iowa, Sep- 
 tember, 1860. Three children have been the 
 result of this union. 
 
 MRS. NANCY (BOYNTON) SUTHERLAND. 
 Mrs. Nancy (Boynton) Sutherland, Palatine, 
 Cook County, 111., was born in New Hampshire, 
 both her parents, David and Sophia (Sawyer) 
 Boynton, being natives of Meredith, in the 
 same State. In childhood Mrs. Sutherland ac- 
 companied her parents to Illinois, her father 
 settling, in 1838, in the town of Ela, in Lake 
 County, but in 1843, removed into Cook Coun- 
 ty, where he engaged in stock-raising and farm- 
 ing. Mrs. Sutherland was married at her 
 home in Lake County, November 29, 1843, to 
 Mason Sutherland, who enlisted in 1862, be- 
 came a Captain of Volunteers, and died in 1863. 
 They had six children: Charlotte Maria (who 
 died March 4, 1899), Edward H., Emma E. and 
 Charles M. Julia May and Hattie Belle are 
 deceased. Mrs. Sutherland's mother was born 
 in Boston, Mass. 
 
 EUGENE SWEENEY, 
 Chief of Seventh Battalion, Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, was born in Chicago in 1851; joined 
 the Fire Department in 1876, and was made 
 Lieutenant of Fire Engine in 1885, and pro- 
 moted to Marshal of the Seventh Battalion in 
 1893. In common with many of his comrades, 
 he has had many narrow escapes while en- 
 gaged in the discharge of his duty. Probably 
 the closest call he ever had was at the Field 
 & Leiter fire, at Washington and State Streets 
 in 1877, when the huge water-tanks fell on a 
 number of the firemen, killing O'Rourke and, 
 by subjecting Lieutenant Scharenburg to the 
 intense heat, causing his deatn a few days later. 
 Chief Sweeney was knocked prostrate, but not 
 unconscious, on one of the floors, and his com- 
 panions nearly drowned him in the effort to 
 protect him from the approach of the flames. 
 His bravery and geniality of character render 
 him a fair example of the typical Chicago fire- 
 man. 
 
 DENIS J. SWENIE. 
 Denis J. Swenie (deceased), late Fire Mar- 
 shal and Chief of Brigade, Chicago Fire De- 
 
 partment, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, July 
 29, 1834, and was educated in the public schools 
 of his native city until he was fourteen years 
 old, when in 1848 he came to this country, lo- 
 cating at Chicago. Young Swenie was a lad 
 of fifteen years when on December 3, 1849, he 
 entered the service of the Chicago Volunteer 
 Fire Department. Before his first year of serv- 
 ice was completed he had made an enviable 
 reputation as a fire fighter. His first job was 
 as runner for Hose Company No. 3, connected 
 with Niagara 3, which was stationed at Kinzie 
 and Wells Streets, and later on Red Jacket 
 Engine No. 4. One of his first trips took him 
 to a fire at Clark and Lake Streets, where he 
 entered a burning building and carried out 
 three women who had been overcome by smoke. 
 The heroic beginning of his career as a fire 
 fighter was but an index of the deeds that fol- 
 lowed, and by the time he had come to his ma- 
 jority he was Assistant Chief of the depart- 
 ment. In 1856 he was elected First Assistant 
 Engineer. He still continuea to do sucn e:« 
 cellent work that, in 1858, he was elected Chief 
 Engineer of the Volunteer Fire Department. 
 A bitter controversy arose about this time on 
 the subject of a volunteer vs. a paid Fire De- 
 partment, and Mr. Swenie met with great op- 
 position in the work of reorganization, but he 
 was elected as first Chief of the paid Fire 
 Department and served until U. P. Harris was 
 elected in 1859. 
 
 But Denis J. Swenie and Chicago had great 
 possibilities yet unfolded. Before he had com- 
 pleted his first decade of service, and while still 
 a young man in his early twenties, he was at 
 the head of the Department, and only stepped 
 back into secondary rank for a time because 
 the sentiment and opinion of those in control 
 at that day were not abreast with his progres- 
 sive spirit and judgment. 
 
 The first steam fire engine tested and used 
 west of New York was introduced into Chicago 
 by Chief Swenie, February 5, 1858, and named 
 "Long John," after Hon. John Wentworth who 
 was Mayor at that time. The test occurred at 
 the foot of La Salle Street and met with the ap- 
 proval of the citizens generally. In 1871 Mr. 
 Swenie was foreman of Engine Company 14, 
 (Fred Gund) and as such served through the 
 great fire. He located his engine during the 
 fire at Bateham's Mill, on Canal Street, south 
 of Harrison. He was driven back to Harrison 
 Street, and later to Van Buren St. It was dur- 
 ing this fight that Chief Swenie was on duty 
 forty-eight hours with no food except an apple. 
 
 In 1873 Mr. Swenie was appointed First As- 
 sistant to Chief M. Benner, on his recommenda- 
 tion. In August, 1875, the Board of Fire Com- 
 missioners was abolished and a Fire Marshal 
 was appointed, called also Chief of Brigade. 
 On the resignation of Chief M. Benner, July 16. 
 1879, Mr. Swenie was appointed acting Fire 
 Marshal and Chief of Brigade, and continued 
 until confirmed by the Cotincil November 10, 
 1879, which position he continued to occupy 
 
ioo6 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 with great ability for many years, handling 
 his brigade of about twelve hundred men dur- 
 ing the excitement of a great fire with the pre- 
 cision and order of a well-trained army and, 
 what was of great importance, he had the con- 
 fidence and affection of all the members be- 
 longing to the Fire Department. 
 
 Mr. Swenie had enough hair-breadth escapes 
 to turn the hair of an ordinary man white. He 
 had been caught in falling buildings and several 
 times placed in great peril. All in all, how- 
 ever, he was extremely fortunate, and never 
 was seriously injured. His escapes were all 
 the more wonderful, when it is remembered 
 that he was always to be found in the front 
 rank of fire-fighters, directing the work and 
 exposing himself to danger as freely as any of 
 his men. One of the severest accidents which 
 the Chief ever met occurred at a fire, years 
 ago. when his leg was broken. He was again 
 injured in the destruction of a West Side ele- 
 vator, and was thrown from his buggy while 
 going to a fire, lighting on his head and shoul- 
 ders. He frequently felt twinges of pain from 
 the latter injury. 
 
 Chief Swenie was married to Miss Martha 
 Toner of Chicago October 16, 1853, and they 
 were blessed with a family of seven children: 
 John (who died in infancy), Frank, Denis, Jr., 
 James J., Mrs. W. H. Ebbert, Mrs. J. A. Sauter, 
 and Mrs. J. W. Kirkley. This veteran fireman 
 celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of his asso- 
 ciation with the Chicago Fire Department De- 
 cember 3, 1899, at his home, 36 Pearce Street, 
 when six children and nineteen grand-children 
 met and congratulated him upon his term of 
 service for the city. 
 
 In the City Council Chamber, on Monday even- 
 ing, December 4. 1899, the Golden Anniversary 
 of Chief Swenie's connection with the Chicago 
 Fire Department was notablv celebrated bv the 
 members of the City Council and a committee 
 representing the citizens of Chicago, who 
 sought to pay honor to the veteran firp-fighter 
 by ])resenting to the city an oil-painting by 
 the noted artist, Frank L. VanNess. It is a life- 
 size portrait showing the Chief in full uniform 
 with white helmet, a sT)uttering hose beneat'i 
 his feet, and an atmosphere of heat and smoke 
 about him. In addii'ion to being a splendid 
 likeness of the Chief himself, depicting him in 
 action, it also is an allegorical picture, the 
 frame being a sort of epitome of the growth 
 and service of flre-fighting in Chicago. Daniel 
 D. Healy, President of Public Service, was the 
 leader of the movement to thus honor Marshal 
 Swenie and, being an old fireman himself, knew 
 the value of the life-long service of the (^liief. 
 He could rcm'-nilicr wlu-n ho i-an willi the old 
 Riicket and Fire Hrlgadr- and worked the ohl- 
 fashioned hand fire-engines at fires in Chicago. 
 He recalled the Chief's service in building up 
 the paid F'-Ire Department and the thorough 
 manner In whkh he won his spurs and i)resent 
 high position among the citizens of (Chicago. 
 
 In behalf of ilie citizens making the gift to 
 
 the city, William J. Hynes made the presenta- 
 tion speech. He said things about the Chief 
 that would have caused him greater embarrass- 
 ment than a 4-11 fire alarm in the top-story 
 of the Masonic Temple. It was suspected by 
 the modest fireman's friends that he had con- 
 nived at the Hinman Street fire, to save him 
 the temptation to turn the hose on the burning 
 words of the speakers. In polished phrases Mr. 
 Hynes spoke of the character of the man who 
 had been fifty years in the Fire Department 
 and for the last twenty years its Chief. The 
 speaker said he was of the stuff of which heroes 
 were made, and compared him to Dewey, Hobson 
 and Wainwright. His character, Mr. Hynes 
 said, was untarnished by any act of his own, 
 and declared his was an example for municipal 
 service everywhere. 
 
 Mayor Harrison accepted the picture on be- 
 half of the city, and said Denis J. Swenie was 
 not only a great fireman, but the organizer of 
 the greatest Fire Department on the face of the 
 earth. He said his father was prouder of no act 
 of his, as Mayor, than the appointment of Mr. 
 Swenie Chief of the Fire Department. The 
 Mayor referred to the Chief familiarly as "Den- 
 ny," and declared that he hoped that "Denny" 
 might live another fifty years and still be the 
 head of the Fire Department. 
 
 Alderman Ailing arose and presented the fol- 
 lowing resoltition: 
 
 "Whickeas. Denis J. Swenie, Chief of the 
 Fire Department of the City of Chicago, has 
 just completed fifty years of active service as a 
 member of said department, during twenty years 
 of which he has held the oflSce of Chief; and 
 
 "Whereas, In his every duty to the City of 
 Chicago he has shown himself faithful and 
 devoted in its service, and fair, honorable and 
 progressive in conducting the affairs of his de- 
 partment, so that, through his efforts, it has 
 become the pride of our city and the peer of 
 any similar department in the world; and, 
 
 "WiiEHEAs. Public citizens of the City of Chi- 
 cago have presented to the municipality a hand- 
 some portrait of the Chief of our Fire Depart- 
 ment to signalize the completion of his half- 
 century of service, and to serve as a lasting 
 memorial of his long and brilliant administra- 
 tion; now, therefore be it 
 
 "I'csolvcd. That the congratulations of this 
 Council be hereby extended to Chief Swenie on 
 this happy anniversary, and that our thanks 
 be tendered to him for the high example which 
 he has set of fidelity to public duty, with the 
 hope that he may live long to give our Fire 
 Dei)artment the energetic and constant supervi- 
 sion which his long experience has made so 
 valuable to the city. 
 
 "He it fitrther resolved. That the thanks nf 
 this Council be, and they are hereby extended 
 to the citizens of this municipality who have 
 so kindly and generously i)resented to the city 
 the portrait of the Chief, and that the gift be 
 formally accepted In behalf of the (Mty ('ouncll. 
 
 "lie il furl her resolved. That the Mayor be, 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1007 
 
 and he is hereby empowered and directed to 
 appoint a special committee of five members of 
 the City Council, whose duty it shall be to 
 guard said painting from harm, and permanent- 
 ly locate the same in a suitable place, where it 
 may be enjoyed by the present and future gen- 
 erations. 
 
 "Be it further resolved, That these resolu- 
 tions be spread upon the minutes of the Coun- 
 cil, and an engrossed copy be sent by the Chief 
 Clerk to Chief Swenie." 
 
 Which were, on motion, duly adopted by a 
 rising vote. 
 
 His Honor, the Mayor, then appointed the 
 following committee in accordance with the 
 foregoing resolution: Alderman Ailing, Pow- 
 ers, Brenner, Math and Werno. 
 
 Alderman Neagle then arose and presented 
 the following order: 
 
 "Ordered, That the City Council spread upon 
 the records its vote of confidence in the emi- 
 nent ability and sterling integrity of Fire Chief 
 D. J. Swenie, who has successfully fought our 
 fires for fifty years." 
 
 Which was, on motion, duly passed. 
 
 This painting is now located in a prominent 
 place in the Council Chamber, Chicago. 
 
 The Illinois State Firemen's Association, as- 
 sembled in annual session at Princeton, 111., 
 January 10, 1900, presented Chief Swenie with 
 a gold medal in honor of his completion of fifty 
 years in the fire service. The presentation 
 speech was made during the afternoon session 
 by B. F. Staymates, of Clinton, the statistician 
 of the Association, who paid Chief Swenie high 
 tribute for his long and effective service. Mr. 
 Swenie, in his response, said that he was pre- 
 pared for anything in the line of duty much 
 better than he was for the kind words that had 
 been spoken of him. 
 
 Chief Swenie joined the Fireman's Benevo- 
 lent Association, October 15, 1863, and became 
 a life member March 18, 1884, thus being identi- 
 fied with the Association for more than thirty- 
 six years. The city of Chicago is grateful for 
 the skill, genius and daring manifested by the 
 historic head of its Fire Department. The well- 
 earned position which he attained was proof of 
 the people's confidence and a mark of their 
 high esteem. The notable career of Chief 
 Swenie was terminated by his death at his 
 home. 536 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Febru- 
 ary 6, 1903. 
 
 JOHN TANGNEY, 
 Captain Engine Company 91, Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, was born in Castle Island, County 
 Kerry, Ireland, December 9. 1839; was raised in 
 the parish of Scartaglin, Ireland, and attended 
 the district and public schools in the latter 
 place. After leaving school he worked on his 
 father's farm, called "Gurtacapule," remaining 
 there until the age of twenty years, when he 
 went to London, and later to Liverpool, where 
 he worked at ship-building and boiler-making 
 for about three years. He then went to Bris- 
 
 tol, England, where he remained about one 
 year, when he returned to London, and there 
 worked in the Daptford Government dock-yards, 
 remaining there until the blowing up of Clark- 
 enville prison by the Fenian Brotherhood. As 
 all Irish then working in the employ of the 
 British Government were under suspicion, he 
 then emigrated to the United States. Captain 
 Tangney came from Liverpool to America on 
 the steamship "Manhattan," arriving in New 
 York February 25, 1868, thence coming to Chi- 
 cago, where he arrived March 18, 1868. He com- 
 menced work for the Chicago Gas Light and 
 Coke Company, remaining there until October 
 8, 1875, when he was appointed upon the Chi- 
 cago Fire Department, commencing on Hook 
 and Ladder Company No. 4, under Captain 
 Louis Fiene; was transferred to Hook and Lad- 
 der Company No. 2 in April, 1877, with Captain 
 C. G. Anderson; then to Hook and Ladder Com- 
 pany No. 1, with Captain Rollin G. Harmon. 
 His subsequent transfers have been: to Self- 
 propelling Engine Company No. 10; from there 
 back to Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, 
 under Captain F. A. Pundt; then to Hook 
 and Ladder Company No. 3, under Captain 
 Norman Holt; to Chemical Engine No. 4, on 
 Dearborn Avenue; to Engine 30, under Captain 
 A. L. Schubert; to Hook and Ladder Company 
 No. 10 June 1, 1886, under Captain David 
 O'Connell; promoted to Lieutenant January 1, 
 1887, and to Captain January 1, 1890; was 
 assigned to Hook and Ladder Company No. 13, 
 Jefferson; transferred to Hook and Ladder Com- 
 pany No. 10 August 31, 1896; to Engine No. 89 
 November 24, 1900. and on July 1, 1901, to En- 
 gine No. 91, where he still remains. 
 
 Captain Tangney had honorable mention in 
 General Orders No. 3, August 1, 1881; No. 8, 
 October 2, 1882; and No. 13, April 5, 1889; also, 
 while on Truck 10, by General Order No. 1, 
 January 31, 1900, for rescuing five men at a 
 fire at 407 Wells Street, on January 23, 1900. 
 He has had many close calls, but no serious 
 accidents; has always been ready to respond to 
 the orders of his superiors when ever and wher- 
 ever duty called, and the height of his ambi- 
 tion is to work for the best interests of the De- 
 partment in every respect. In all these years 
 he has never lost a day's pay. Captain Tang- 
 ney was married in London, England, to Miss 
 Mary O'Connor July 23, 1865, and eight children 
 have blessed their union, five of whom are now 
 living, of whom James F. and Michael J. were 
 born in England; John J., Mary E. and Jere- 
 miah J. were born in Chicago. 
 
 ROBERT LAFAYETTE TATHAM. 
 Robert L. Tatham/son of William Henry and 
 Eleanor (McWhorter) Tatham, was born July 
 29, 1849, at St. Omer, Decatur County, Ind. 
 William Henry Tatham, the father, first saw 
 the light and grew to manhood in Accomac 
 County, Va. The parents of his mother were 
 descended from old Virginia stock, and settled 
 in Clinton County, Ohio, where their daughter 
 
ioo8 
 
 HISTOEICAL EiTCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ■was born. Robert L. Tatham attended a com- 
 mon school in Clinton County, Ohio, most of his 
 childhood being spent on a farm. He had the 
 great misfortune to lose his mother while he 
 was yet but a youth, and the home being broken 
 up, in accordance with a request made by his 
 mother before her decease, he went to reside 
 with his grandparents, whose home was two 
 miles north of Wilmington, Clinton County, 
 Ohio. These relatives also died, and again the 
 lad had to find a new home. This time it was 
 with his uncle, John McWhorter, who opened 
 his heart and home. The grim death-angel 
 seemed determined to close every avenue of 
 happiness which opened to the orphaned boy, 
 for the uncle soon died also. Then young Tat- 
 ham lived a short time with a brother, George 
 M., who resided at Hazel Dell, Cumberland 
 County, 111., but soon went to Macomb, 111., then 
 to Kansas, and to Morris, 111., in 1869. Feeling 
 the necessity for a broader education, Mr. Tat- 
 ham took a course in a commercial college in 
 Cincinnati, clerking as time would permit in a 
 dry-goods store. Then he began the study of 
 law, reading with Mr. Edwin Sanford at Morris, 
 111., for a period of two years, being at length 
 admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court 
 at Ottawa, 111., when he immediately entered a 
 law oflBce in the Metropolitan Block, Chicago. 
 His first brilliant success was gained by the 
 ease and skill with which he conducted an im- 
 portant commercial transaction in London, for 
 the firm of Fraser, Chalmers & Co., in whose 
 interests he remained abroad for an entire 
 month. Soon he became noted for being pos- 
 sessed of a rarely clear insight, as well as for 
 being active and punctual in all matters con- 
 nected with his profession. He was often se- 
 lected to settle estates and to untangle knotty 
 problems which required tact and accuracy. 
 Asked by an acquaintance to what he attributed 
 his success as an attorney, he immediately re- 
 plied: "Because all who know me in Chicago 
 know also that if I make an appointment I will 
 always be on hand to the minute." From early 
 manhood this trait had l)een very prominent 
 in young Tatham's character, and it appeared to 
 increase with the years until it formed a strong 
 element of his success. On the 25th of Novem- 
 ber, 1874, Mr. Tatham was married to Miss 
 Anna Grant, daughter of Judge Grant, of Mor- 
 ris. 111., and two children were the result of this 
 union: Anna and Florence, both of whom are 
 living. Mr. Tatham's second marriage was with 
 Miss Augusta Bell, of Chicago, on December 
 25. 1885. Two chihlren were born to them, Rob- 
 ert L. and Ethel. Although of a kindly and 
 charitable disposition, Mr. Tatham did not affil- 
 iate with any church or sect. His deeds of 
 kindness were very numerous and are graven 
 on the hearts of the reclpienls. So far as his 
 I)oIltlrH are concerned, he was a Democrat, but 
 he had little to do with parly machinery or 
 management. Mr. Tatham was prominent 
 amoHK secret Hoclety workers, having held 
 offlreH at various times and iielng a Thirty-sec- 
 
 ond Degree Mason. He was one of the founders 
 of the Illinois Club of Chicago, and continued 
 as a director of this body for many years. He 
 joined Cedar Lodge, 124, Orient Chapter, and 
 Blaney Commandery, No. 5, at Morris, 111. (all 
 Masonic bodies), and affiliated with similar 
 organizations in Chicago, becoming presiding 
 officer of Cleveland Lodge, A. F. & A. M. He 
 had taken the Scottish Rite Degree and was 
 well known in Masonic circles, being certain of 
 a hearty welcome from members of the vari- 
 ous fraternities wherever he appeared. 
 
 Death loves a shining mark, and Mr. Tatham 
 was not spared. He died April 23, 1902. His 
 wife of the second marriage and four children 
 survive him, counting the legacy of Mr. Tat- 
 ham's love, life and example a most precious 
 inheritance. 
 
 WILLIAM THIEMANN. 
 William Thiemann, farmer, ex-member Illi- 
 nois State Legislature, Arlington Heights, 
 Cook County, 111., was born in Ebstorf, Han- 
 over, Germany, February 11, 1849, the son of 
 Joachim and Margaretha (Hinrichs) Thiemann, 
 the former a native of Ebstorf and the latter of 
 Barnsen, Hanover. In 1857 he came with his 
 parents to America, arriving in September of 
 that year, the family locating in Lombard, Du 
 Page County, 111. Mr. Thiemann was educated 
 in his native country and in Du Page County, 
 and on March 1, 1867, came to Elk Grove, Cook 
 County, where he resided until November, 1898, 
 when he removed with his family to Arlington 
 Heights, his present home. June 21, 1872, he 
 was united in marriage to Sophie Tonne, who 
 was born and educated in Elk Grove Township, 
 Cook County, and they have had five children: 
 W. E. Thiemann, Pauline, Martha, Mathilde and 
 Ella. He is a Lutheran in religious belief and 
 in politics an earnest Republican; while a resi- 
 dent of Elk Grove served three years as Com- 
 missioner of Highways; for fourteen years was 
 Township Treasurer and for a like period Jus- 
 tice of the Peace. In November, 1890, he was 
 elected a Representative in the State Legisla- 
 ture from Cook County, and re-elected for four 
 consecutive terms, serving in all ten years. On 
 April 25, 1901, he was appointed by Governor 
 Yates Live Stock Commissioner, serving for a 
 term of three years. A farmer by occupation 
 and of sturdy German-American character, 
 Mr. Thiemann has achieved success as a busi- 
 ness man, and has won the respect and confi- 
 dence of his fellow-citizens as their repre- 
 sentative in public affairs. 
 
 CHARLES G. THOMAS. 
 Charles G. Thomas is a prominent live-stock 
 dealer at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, and 
 commands far more than an ordinary degree of 
 the confidence of his patrons, who have learned 
 by experience his sterling and genuine char- 
 acter, his honest worth and his straightforward 
 integrity. Mr. Thomas was born at Nunda, Mc- 
 Ilenry County, III., October 18, 1845, and was 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1009 
 
 educated in the McHenry County schools and at 
 the Bryant & Stratton Commercial College, Chi- 
 cago. He acquired a good practical knowledge 
 of business forms, and in 1876 became a resi- 
 dent of Chicago. Here he secured employment 
 with Hall, Patterson & Company, at the Union 
 Stock Yards, as bookkeeper and cashier. In 
 1880 the firm became Patterson Brothers & 
 Company, and Mr. Thomas one of the partners. 
 On the death of A. L. Patterson, May 30, 1895, 
 the firm became Patterson, Starrett & Company. 
 V/hen F. D. Patterson died, September 8, 1899, 
 the firm name was changed to Thomas, Starrett 
 & Company, and under his fostering care it has 
 taken on new life and vigor. Mr. Thomas was 
 married at Geneva Lake, Wis., September 9, 
 1866, to Miss Mary Hughes. 
 
 JOHN B. THOMAS. 
 John B. Thomas, attorney-at-law, is a native 
 of Ohio, bom in Darke County, that State, June 
 29, 1849, the son of John and Abigail (Carter) 
 Thomas, being descended from an old Virginia 
 family of that name, who traced their lineage 
 back to the Pilgrim Fathers who came to Amer- 
 ica in the Mayflower. His father settled near 
 Union City, Ohio, and the subject of this sketch 
 received his early education in an old log 
 school house, afterwards receiving private in- 
 struction in a classic and scientific course. His 
 grandfather was a soldier of the Revolutionary 
 War, and his father of the Black Hawk War, 
 and in the spring of 1865, John B., being then 
 in his sixteenth year, enlisted in Company H, 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Indiana Volun- 
 teer Infantry, serving in the campaign in the 
 Shenandoah Valley which contributed to bring- 
 ing the war to a close by the fall of Richmond. 
 The father, who was a shipbuilder, is said to 
 have built the first steamboat which ran on 
 the Ohio River. The opportunities of the son 
 for acquiring an education were limited, but as 
 soon as he was able he began teaching, and, at 
 eighteen years of age, commenced the study of 
 law with Judges Allen and Meeker, of Ohio, and 
 was admitted to the bar in Ohio and Indiana 
 in 1869, entering at once upon the practice of 
 his profession in his native town. He practiced 
 in the courts of Indiana and Ohio with good 
 success until January, 1873, when he moved to 
 Chicago. Here he soon became known among 
 the business men at the Union Stock Yards, 
 for a time was assistant editor of the "South 
 Side Record" and, in 1875, was appointed by the 
 Trustees of the Town of Lake to prepare a 
 revised edition of the Town Ordinances, and 
 also served for four years as Town Prosecutor. 
 About this time he bought for G. F. Swift the 
 Moore packing-house, which became the nucleus 
 of the great Swift packing concern, of which he 
 was the legal representative for many years. 
 In 1879 he became Police Magistrate for the 
 Stock Yards district, which position he occu- 
 pied for one year, and was afterward elected to 
 the same office for a term of four years. Mr. 
 Thomas is a zealous fraternalist, and, in 1878, 
 
 was raised to the sublime degree of Master 
 Mason, later becoming a Royal Arch Mason, 
 Knight Templar and, in 1884, a Noble of the 
 Mystice Shrine; is also afliliated with the Order 
 of Independent Foresters, in which he has held 
 several prominent positions; is a charter mem- 
 ber of Star Lodge of the Ancient Order of 
 United Workmen, of which he has been repre- 
 sentative in the Grand Lodge; and charier 
 member of the Union Legion, No. 29, Select 
 Knights, of which he has been Select Cam- 
 mander and representative to the Grand Legion. 
 Although not a member of any church, he was 
 one of the leading promoters and a member of 
 the building committee in the erection of the 
 Union Aventie M. E. Church in the Stock Yards 
 District. Judge Thomas, as he is known, was 
 married February 16, 1871, to Miss Mattie Hall, 
 of Springfield, Ohio. 
 
 ROBERT A. THOMPSON. 
 Robert A. Thompson is one of the many suc- 
 cessful business men who engaged in the live- 
 stock trade in Chicago at an early day. Like 
 the shoemaker, he has "stuck to his last," and 
 his industrious and useful career has been 
 crowned with a very substantial success, not 
 only in the accumulation of an ample compe- 
 tence, but in the esteem and kindly regard of 
 all with whom he has been associated. Mr. 
 Thompson was born in Newcastle, Lawrence 
 County, Pa., August 22, 1833; was educated in 
 the puljlic schools, and when his school days 
 were ended, worked on the farm until 1866. 
 During that year he began buying and ship- 
 ping cattle from Newcastle to Pittsburg, a busi- 
 ness which he soon found very profitable and 
 satisfactory, so much so that in January, 1867, 
 he removed to Chicago, where he engaged in 
 buying cattle at the Union Stock Yards, ship- 
 ping them to Eastern markets. He later asso- 
 ciated himself in this line with John Teufel, 
 and the two continued in business together for 
 eleven years. This partnership having been dis- 
 solved, Mr. Thompson has continued in busi- 
 ness alone to the present time. He understands 
 the markets thoroughly, buys boldly and judi- 
 ciously, and has been very successful in all his 
 transactions. Mr. Thompson was married in 
 Newcastle, Pa., December 10, 1864, to Miss 
 Theresa Wilson, who died the following April. 
 June 8, 1875, he was married in Cleveland, Ohio, 
 to Miss Elizabeth R. McCrea, and two sons have 
 been the result of this union. 
 
 WILLIAM H. THOMPSON, JR. 
 Many men devote a lifetime to a single pur- 
 suit, yet do not all succeed. Some lack intelli- 
 gence; others natural aptitude; others patient 
 application to duty; and yet others fidelity. It is 
 tiie combination of all these traits that enable a 
 man to win fortune and renown in his chosen 
 avocation. Entrusted for many years with the 
 management of interests of high importance, 
 Mr. William H. Thompson, Jr., has not been 
 found wanting in any of those mental or moral 
 
lOIO 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 qualities essential to success. He was born 
 July 4, 1842, at Valatie, Columbia County, N. 
 Y.; at the age of thirty-one took up his resi- 
 dence in Chicago, and in 1873 entered the em- 
 ploy of Mr. W. H. Monroe, then a large shipper 
 of live stock to Buffalo, Albany and Boston. At 
 the present time he is head cattle buyer for the 
 O. H. Hammond Company, one of the four larg- 
 est concerns of its character in the country, hav- 
 ing branches at Omaha, Neb., and St. Joseph, 
 Mo. In 1888 Mr. Thompson was elected Presi- 
 dent of the Live Stock Exchange, which office 
 he yet holds through repeated re-elections. This 
 circumstance well attests not only his personal 
 popularity, but also his business qualifications 
 and the able manner in which he has dis- 
 charged the onerous duties of the position. 
 His home is in the Town of Lake, in whose wel- 
 fare he has always taken a lively interest; has 
 served as President of the Town Board and 
 was a member of the Board of Education in 
 1890. He is a Mason of high rank, being a mem- 
 ber of Mizpah Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; Delphi 
 Chapter, R. A. M. ; Chevalier Bayard Command- 
 ery, K. T.. and Oriental Consistory. 
 
 Mr. Thompson's genial, social nature, unfail- 
 ing courtesy and high sense of honor have made 
 him a universal favorite in his very wide cir- 
 cle of acquaintances. He was married to Jane 
 Churchill, at Pittsfield, Mass., November 13, 
 1867, and the issue of this marriage has been 
 two daughters: Mary C, who is now the wife of 
 Wm. E. Watt, and Emily, who resides at home. 
 
 JAMES A. TIERNEY, 
 Chief Fire Department, Armour Stock Yards, 
 was born in Chicago, May 15, 1855, and was edu- 
 cated at the Carpenter public and Brothers' 
 schools. After leaving school he was employed 
 in the Coan & TenBroeke carriage works for 
 eleven years; then worked in D. J. Wren's car- 
 riage works for one year. He joined the Fire 
 Patrol No. 1, July 14, 1879; was promoted to 
 Lieutenant in 1881, and transferred to Patrol 
 No. 4, Union Stock Yards, and promoted to 
 Captain in November, 1881, remaining in that 
 position for seven years. In 1888 he was ap- 
 pointed Chief of the Fire Department for Ar- 
 mour & Co., which consists, besides himself, of a 
 Lieutenant and eight men. For apparatus they 
 have 480 fire axes, 250 chemicals, 22,000 feet of 
 hose, and four fire pumps with a capacity of 20,- 
 000 gallons per minute. For their walor system 
 they have a set of reservoirs, containing in the 
 aggregate about 5,000,000 gallons of water, sup- 
 plied from thirteen artesian wells, which are 
 r<fiuired to keep the reservoirs full. Except 
 in rase of an extra large fire, the supply affords 
 ample protection. These reservoirs are con- 
 nected liy a 48-inch conduit, also have a 10-lnch 
 opf-ning from a 24-inch city main and another 
 from a 16-inch city water main, to be used in 
 case of an extra large fire. 
 
 Chief Tlerney has had many narrow escapes 
 during hlfl life as a fireman. By jumping 
 through a window he narrowly escaped being 
 
 smothered by the fumes of saltpeter at Fowler's 
 packing-house, but otherwise has suffered no 
 serious injuries. He is noted for his pluck and 
 bravery and for his genial disposition, and is 
 held in high esteem by his friends and asso- 
 ciates. He was married to Miss Mary Galla- 
 gher in Chicago November 8, 1881, and six chil- 
 dren have blessed their union. 
 
 FRANK M. TIMMS. 
 
 Among the many men doing business at the 
 Union Stock Yards whose names are synony- 
 mous with success attributable to sagacious 
 foresight, unwearied industry and fair-dealing, 
 none stands higher than that of Frank M. 
 Timms, who has devoted thirty years of hard 
 work to the building up of the successful live- 
 stock business with which he has been through 
 all that time connected. He was born at Moscow, 
 Mich., February 25, 1859, and received his edu- 
 cational training at Hillsdale in the same State. 
 He was a youth of nineteen years when, in 
 1874, he entered the employ of the old firm of 
 Mallory & Brother at the Yards, with which he 
 continued until it was succeeded by the firm of 
 Mallory & Son. He was retained in the em- 
 ploy of this new concern, and there remained 
 until the formation of the Mallory, Son & Zim- 
 merman Company. In this house he was ad- 
 mitted to partnership, and made Secretary of 
 the company. When this corporation was suc- 
 ceeded by the Mallory Commission Company, 
 he was elected Secretary of that organization, 
 which responsible position he yet fills. On 
 October 8, 1883, Mr. Timms was married to 
 Miss Mabel A. Branch, at Hillsdale, Mich., and 
 they are the parents of two daughters. In 
 private life Mr. Timms is generous, affable and 
 whole-souled, richly deserving the warm regard 
 and genuine respect of his wide circle of 
 friends. 
 
 FRANK BASSETT TOBEY. 
 
 Frank Bassett Tobey, merchant and manu- 
 facturer, was born at Dennis, Cape Cod, Mass., 
 September 15, 1833. He is a lineal descendant 
 of Elder William Brewster, of the Mayflower, 
 and Thomas Prince, Governor of Plymouth 
 Colony. The farm on which he was born was 
 awarded by Plymouth Colony to his an- 
 cestor, Capt. Thomas Tobey, in 1675, for serv- 
 ices rendered in the King Philip War, and 
 has been in the family ever since through in- 
 heritance, being now owned by Mr. Tobey. His 
 mother was Rachel Bassett, whose ancestor, 
 William Bassett, came to America in the ship 
 Fortune, the next ship following the Mayflower. 
 
 The subject of this sketch worked on the 
 farm in summer and attended school in winter 
 until he was eighteen years of age. For the 
 next five years ho held a position as clerk in 
 the village store and postofiice. At an early age 
 he became interested in the anti-slavery move- 
 ment, and at the age of twenty-two, when the 
 Republican party was being organized, wrote 
 the call and served as secretary for the first 
 R('l)Mblican convention ever hold in his native 
 
 1 
 
 A 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 lOII 
 
 town. He was also elected delegate to the State 
 convention, but declined on account of his 
 youth. At that time the Republicans were rep- 
 resented by a small minority, but eight years 
 later every vote in the town was cast for Abra- 
 ham Lincoln. 
 
 In 1857 Mr. Tobey came to Chicago, where, 
 a year before, his brother Charles had started a 
 furniture business on State Street, south of Van 
 Buren, in a small store 20 x 60 feet. The next 
 year the partnership of Charles Tobey & 
 Brother was formed, and their store room space 
 doubled by the addition of the adjoining store. 
 At this time the young men did all their own 
 work, and by close attention made the business 
 prosperous. Their conservatism and economical 
 methods enabled them to weather the panic of 
 1857 to 1860. The large increase of business in 
 1859 required larger accommodations, which 
 they found at No. 72 State Street. They after- 
 wards removed to 82 Lake Street, and, in 1866, 
 to a new building erected especially for them at 
 77-79 State Street, being business pioneers on 
 that thoroughfare. In 1870 in conection with 
 F. Porter Thayer, they organized the Thayer & 
 Tobey Furniture Company. The great fire of 
 1871 destroyed their building and stock, and, in 
 common with most Chicago firms, they suffered 
 severe loss. With characteristic energy they 
 Improvised a salesroom at their west-side fac- 
 tory, which had escaped destruction, and be- 
 fore the fire had ceased its ravages they had 
 taken an order to furnish the Sherman House 
 (now the Gault), which order was completed in 
 seven days. In 1873 they occupied the Clark 
 building, corner of State and Adams Streets. In 
 1875 the Tobey Brothers bought out Mr. Thay- 
 er's interest and the firm name was changed 
 to The Tobey Furniture Company, Charles 
 Tobey being President, and Frank Vice-Presi- 
 dent and Manager. In March, 1888, the com- 
 pany occupied the Drake Building, corner of 
 Wabash Avenue and Washington Street. The 
 manufacture of high-class hand-made furniture 
 for their own trade is a feature of the business, 
 which has grown beyond anticipations, the qual- 
 ity of the goods produced being equal to any- 
 thing in the world. In September, 18-88, Charles 
 Tobey died and Frank became President of the 
 company. In 1890 they doubled the capacity of 
 their ware rooms by renting the adjoining build- 
 ing. 
 
 Mr. Tobey has thus seen the business of the 
 firm, beginning in a little store of 1,200 square 
 feet in 1857, grow to its present magnificent 
 proportions, requiring for the transaction of 
 its business 143,000 square feet of floor space, 
 and its trade extending to every State and Ter- 
 ritory in the Union, with occasional foreign 
 shipments. In fact, it is without doubt one 
 of the largest and most widely known furni- 
 ture houses in the world. Mr. Tobey is ably 
 assisted in the management by Mr. A. F. Shiv- 
 erick, Vice-President, and Mr. George F. Cling- 
 man, Manager. Outside his business, Mr. Tobey 
 has taken a lively interest in and contributed 
 
 largely to philanthropic and charitable enter- 
 prises. He is President of Board of Trustees 
 of Rush Medical College; President of the 
 Bureau of Justice; President of Society for 
 Ethical Culture, and Treasurer and Director 
 of Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society. 
 The distinguished qualities in Mr. Tobey's char- 
 acter, and which have won for him universal 
 respect, are his integrity, his charitableness and 
 his high sense of justice. 
 
 JAMES J. TOBIN, 
 Captain Engine 61, Chicago Fire Department, 
 was born in Chicago, December 19, 1856, and 
 educated in the Haven and Jones public schools. 
 After leaving school he worked at Reid's Plan- 
 ing Mill, and later drove a team for himself. 
 He joined the Chicago Fire Department in 1877 
 as watchman on Engine 19, and was assigned 
 to Engine 1, as pipeman; was promoted to 
 Lieutenant and transferred to Engine 10; was 
 promoted to a Captaincy January 3, 1891, and 
 transferred to Engine 61. Captain Tobin, in 
 common with his fellow firemen, has had many 
 hair-breadth escapes, among them one when 
 he was on Engine No. 1, at a fire in Meyer's 
 Mill, on Clinton and Mather Streets, where he 
 was covered with debris and thought to be 
 dead for about ten hours, but was rescued, hav- 
 ing no bones broken. He was laid up, however, 
 for several weeks in consequence of injuries re- 
 ceived. At the Academy of Music fire, when 
 over the scenery, he jumped onto the stage and 
 was slightly injured. He was thrown from his 
 engine by a collision with an electric car at 
 Fifty-seventh Street and Wentworth Avenue, 
 and was badly cut on his face and eyes, and 
 laid up for repairs about three weeks. 
 
 REV. JAMES TOMPKINS, D.D., 
 Superintendent of the Congregational Home 
 Missionary Society, was born in Galesburg, 
 April 6, 1840. His father. Deacon Samuel Tomp- 
 kins, was one of the founders of Galesburg, 
 111., being a member of the committee which 
 came from New York, in 1835, to select a site 
 for an institution of learning and, incidentally, 
 to establish a colony in the "Wild West." The 
 committee entered a township of Government 
 land and platted a village in its center, in the 
 name of Knoxville College. Tompkins Street, on 
 which is located the Knox Female Seminary, 
 is named in honor of this pioneer. Samuel 
 Tompkins was a native of Rhode Island, and 
 his wife, Mary Grinnell, was born at Paris 
 Hill, Oneida County, N. Y. 
 
 James Tompkins, the subject of this sketch, 
 spent his early years in his native place, study- 
 ing in the public schools until 1854, when he 
 entered the preparatory department of Knox 
 College and graduated from that institution in 
 1862, receiving the degree Master of Arts in 
 course. In 1867 he graduated from the Chicago 
 Theological Seminary, and in 1888 received the 
 honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from 
 Illinois College. During his preparatory and 
 
IOI2 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 college courses, he maintained himself by teach- 
 ing, and the year of his graduation, at the age 
 of twenty-two, took charge of the Elmwood 
 Academy at Elmwood, 111., continuing here two 
 years. At the end of that period a regular sys- 
 tem of graded schools having been established 
 by the town, the Trustees of the Academy de- 
 cided to merge the institution into the Public 
 High School. The organization of the graded 
 and the establishment of the High School was 
 a task assigned to Mr. Tompkins, and faith- 
 fully carried out by him. 
 
 While he was a student at Knox College the 
 call of President Lincoln was issued for 75,000 
 men to put down the rebellion, and a company 
 was enlisted at the college, Mr. Tompkins be- 
 ing among the first to volunteer. As there 
 were so many enlisting throughout the State, 
 the Captain went to Springfield to urge the ac- 
 ceptance of the company by Gov. Yates, but the 
 mission was unsuccessful, and thus several good 
 soldiers were spoiled in the making of some 
 good ministers. After resigning his position, 
 in June, 1864, he was enabled to give his serv- 
 ices to the country by joining the United States 
 Christian Commission, which did such valuable 
 work for the "boys in blue," in camp, in hos- 
 pital and on the battlefield. He remained in 
 the service until the close of the war. 
 
 Mr. Tompkins was ordained to the work of 
 Gospel ministry, April 24, 1867, in the Con- 
 gregational Church at Prospect Park (now Glen 
 Ellyn), and entered upon the duties of the 
 Congregational pastorate, serving jointly the 
 church at Prospect Park and the First Church 
 of Christ in Babcock's Grove (now Lombard), 
 111. On visiting Minnesota for rest and re- 
 cuperation, he was engaged as stated supply of 
 the Congregational Church at St. Cloud, and 
 from there was called to the pastorate of the 
 First Congregational Church of Minneapolis. 
 After three years' residence in Minnesota, he 
 found it necessary to seek a milder climate; 
 so he resigned his charge at Minneapolis, and 
 accepted a call from the Congregational Church 
 at Kewanee, 111., serving as pastor there over 
 six years. He was chosen by the General Con- 
 gregational Association of Illinois, in May, 1878, 
 after several ballotings. General Superintendent 
 of the Congregational Home Missionary Society 
 of Illinois, and entered upon the duties of his 
 office in July, with headquarters at Illinois, 
 and is still occupying that position. He has 
 introduced several new methods in the prosecu- 
 tion of the work and awakened a deeper in- 
 terest and more hearty co-operation in all the 
 Churches, the most important of which was 
 the employment of able men as State evange- 
 lists. 
 
 Mr. Tompkins was married in Oak Park, 111., 
 to Miss Ella A. Kelley. on September 8, 1869, 
 and they are the parents of four children, viz: 
 Key James, Mabel Ellen, William C. and Seeley 
 Kelley. 
 
 JOHN n. TOWLE. 
 
 Great reHults frequently have their Inception 
 
 in small beginnings. The monarch of the for- 
 est has its beginning in the tiny acorn, and 
 the majestic river, broad of bosom and swift of 
 current, has its origin in the mountain spring. 
 So in the world of human life and effort, "the 
 race is not always to the swift nor the battle 
 to the strong," and in democratic America, the 
 poor farmer's boy, unaided by aught save 
 brains, honesty, perseverance and pluck, not 
 infrequently becomes the millionaire. John R. 
 Towle was born upon a farm near Jackson, 
 Mich., Nov. 5, 1842, but after reaching the age 
 of eleven years, was reared in Wisconsin, grow- 
 ing to manhood in the counties of Juneau and 
 Walworth. At the outbreak of the rebellion he 
 was a student at Point Bluff College, when his 
 patriotic impulses prompted him to lay aside 
 his books and enlist in Company K, of the 
 Sixth Wisconsin Infantry commanded by Rufus 
 R. Dawes. This regiment, under command of 
 Colonel Culler, formed a part of the famous 
 "Iron Brigade" lead by General George Gib- 
 bons, later by Gen. E. H. Bragg, through many 
 a hard fought campaign. As the result of a 
 severe wound received at the second battle of 
 Bull Run, Mr. Towle was honorably discharged 
 on January 1, 1863. 
 
 Returning to Wisconsin, he took a course in 
 the Milwaukee Commercial College, and, on New 
 Year's Day of 1864, opened a general store at 
 Mauston, the county-seat of Juneau County, but 
 removed to Sparta in the spring of 1865. Owing 
 to the rapid decline of' merchandise after the 
 close of the war, financial disaster overtook 
 him and, in two years, he was forced to make 
 an assignment. He met an indebtedness of 
 $66,000 by a payment of ninety-five cents on 
 the dollar, and, on May 10, 1866, found him- 
 self in Chicago, with a cash capital of not more 
 than ninety dollars. Within three days he 
 found employment with W. F. Foster & Com- 
 pany, wholesale dealers in notions, with whom 
 he remained for two years. He then spent a 
 year with S. D. Jackson & Company, and three 
 years with D. W. & A. Keith, and in 1873 en- 
 gaged with the wholesale house of Carson, Pirie, 
 Scott & Co., as general salesman, continuing in 
 their employ for eighteen years. Meanwhile 
 Mr. Towle had invested largely in real estate 
 in Woodlawn and Hyde Park, time having since 
 abundantly justified his business judgment. 
 When he first went to reside in Woodlawn in 
 1882, the little suburb could boast of a popu- 
 lation scarcely exceeding one hundred inhabit- 
 ants per square mile. He has had his home 
 there long enough to see the population grow 
 to 40,000, streets paved, an admirable system 
 of sewerage constructed, vastly improved trans- 
 portation introduced, and numerous other im- 
 provements made. In the promotion of all 
 these reforms he has been an active and ef- 
 ficient factor. 
 
 Mr. Towle is a member of George H. Thomas 
 Post, G. A. R., and of the Western Division of 
 the Army of the Potomac. He was the founder 
 of the Woodlawn Park ("lub, serving as Presi- 
 
x-^^^ 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 1013 
 
 dent the first two terms after organization. 
 Mr. Towle's wife's maiden name was Mary N. 
 Thompson. They were married at Mauston, 
 Wis., on January 1, 1864, and have been the 
 parents of three sons, and one daughter. Only 
 the daughter now survives. Mr. Towle is a 
 Republican, having cast his first vote for Lin- 
 coln in 1864, and has taken an active part in 
 the affairs of his party ever since. 
 
 CHARLES CORNING TURNER. 
 
 Charles C. Turner (deceased) was born in 
 New York City December 6, 1854, the son of 
 Moses and Helen (Fitzgerald) Turner. His 
 father was a commission merchant, and, for a 
 time, a hotel-keeper near Oswego, N. Y., and 
 related by descent to the Corning family, of 
 which Erastus Corning of Albany was a con- 
 spicuous member. Mr. Turner was the only 
 child of his parent's family who lived to ma- 
 turity, and his mother having died when he 
 was eleven years of age, and his father hav- 
 ing become partially paralyzed soon after, he 
 afterwards devoted his entire time to the care 
 of the latter until his (the father's) death, 
 which occurred when the son had about reached 
 his majority. As a consequence the son had 
 little opportunity of acquiring an education in 
 the schools, but gained much general informa- 
 tion by wide reading and by travel with his 
 invalid father. After his father's decease, Mr. 
 Turner conducted a small store for some time 
 in Albany, N. Y., but about 1880 came to Chi- 
 cago, where he obtained his first employment 
 with the Durham Tobacco Company, first as 
 office man, a few months later being promoted 
 to the position of bookkeeper, for which he 
 had qualified himself by study and by obser- 
 vation while in the employ of the firm. The 
 Durham Company having removed from Chi- 
 cago, Mr. Turner next entered into the employ- 
 ment as bookkeeper for Baker & Smith, dealers 
 in steam-heating apparatus, later becoming a 
 partner in the concern and holding the position 
 of Secretary and Treasurer of the company. 
 This firm having been dissolved in 1887, he 
 remained out of employment for a time, but 
 soon after became connected with the firm of 
 Deming & Gould, jobbers and commission mer- 
 chants, first as bookkeeper and still later as 
 general manager, retaining this position during 
 the remainder of his life. During the progress 
 of the World's Columbian Exposition, Mr. Turner 
 was appointed Consul for the Republic of Uru- 
 guay, South America, for the States of OhiO; 
 Missouri and Hlinois, and in this capacity he 
 continued to act up to the date of his death. 
 
 Mr. Turner was twice married, first to Julia 
 Hatch, who bore him one daughter, Helen B. 
 His second marriage occurred October 3, 1893, 
 with Laura E. Bradford, daughter of William 
 A. and Anna E. (Norton) Bradford, of Chicago, 
 and by this marriage there are three children: 
 Christabel Corning, born December 25, 1895; 
 Charles Maynard, born July 22, 1900, and 
 Margaret Elizabeth, born August 8, 1903. In 
 
 his political relations Mr. Turner was a Re- 
 publican, and was also a member of the Re- 
 formed Episcopal Church. Fraternally he was 
 deeply interested in Masonry, being a Thirty- 
 second Degree Mason, and member of Golden 
 Rule Lodge No. 126, Oriental Consistory. He 
 was prominent in the Odd Fellows fraternity, in 
 which he held a number of important offices; 
 was also identified with various social clubs and 
 other organizations in the suburbs in which he 
 lived, although his greatest enjoyment was in 
 his home life. Exceptionally genial in dispo- 
 sition, he formed many warm friendships 
 among those with whom he came in contact, 
 while a strongly sympathetic nature, made him 
 a liberal contributor to all deserving charities 
 which appealed to him for support. Mr. Tur- 
 ner's decease occurred at his home in Chicago, 
 July 29, 1903, the interment taking place at 
 Forest Home Cemetery, August 1, under the 
 auspices of the Masonic fraternity. 
 
 CORNELIUS VANDERHOVEN, 
 
 Mechanical Engineer, Chicago Avenue Pumping 
 Station, Chicago, was born in Amsterdam, Hol- 
 land, December 18, 1852, and educated in the 
 district schools until he came to Chicago in 
 1863, when, after attending the Skinner public 
 school for two weeks, he commenced work in 
 a planing mill on Mather Street. He was later 
 employed in different kinds of business until 
 he went on the lakes in 1870, continuing there 
 until 1880. In the spring of 1881 he engaged 
 in the teaming business for himself, and in the 
 fall of the same year became connected with 
 the Chicago Avenue Pumping Works, helping 
 to clean out the original tunnel in the winter 
 of 1881 and 1882. When that work was com- 
 pleted he worked as oiler until September, 1888, 
 when he was promoted as assistant engineer. 
 In April, 1889, he was discharged by Mayor 
 Cregier for political reasons. During the time 
 he worked for the city he was absent from 
 duty only two days, this being on account of 
 illness. After this he was in different kinds 
 of business until August 8, 1895, when he re- 
 turned to the North Side pumping works and 
 started in as coal-passer; later took three ex- 
 aminations of different grades, passing the fifth 
 grade August 4, 1897, and two weeks later was 
 assigned to the Electric Light Station as assist- 
 ant engineer, remaining there until March 1, 
 1898. On April 2, 1898, he became connected 
 with the North Side Pumping Works as As- 
 sistant Engineer, where he has remained up to 
 the present time as Mechanical Engineer. Mr. 
 Vanderhoven was married in Chicago, March 
 16, 1895, to Miss Eva Freeland. 
 
 JOHN H. VAN HOUSEN. 
 John H. Van Housen, President Steu- 
 ben County Wine Company, was born in 
 Bath, Steuben County, N. Y., December 
 24, 1826, was educated in the district schools 
 of Central New York, and on leaving school 
 was employed as a clerk in L. C. Whiting's dry- 
 
IOI4 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 goods store, at Bath, N. Y., four years later (iu 
 1847) being admitted to partnership under the 
 firm name of Whiting & Van Housen. This as- 
 sociation continued until 1860, when Mr. Van 
 Housen withdrew to engage in the wine and 
 liquor business at Bath, N. Y., where the Steu- 
 ben County Wine Company was established in 
 1869, removing to Jackson, Mich., in 1872, and 
 to Chicago in 1876, when the Steuben County 
 Wine Company was incorporated by John H., 
 B. T. and H. L. Van Housen as stockholders 
 and incorporators, with a capital of $200,000, J. 
 H. Van Housen being chosen President, B. T. 
 Van Housen. Secretary, and H. L. Van Housen, 
 Treasurer. The company was first located at 
 220 Wabash Avenue, and has since made three 
 removals, each time to a larger store on ac- 
 count of increasing business, being now located 
 in their elegant store, 210-212 Madison Street, 
 which is one of the largest and most complete 
 establishments of its kind in the wholesale 
 trade. The house carries a very large stock 
 of strictly American made goods, of the purest 
 and best "quality. The prediction made by Mr. 
 Van Housen years ago, that, owing to the ad- 
 vantage of the American climate and the varied 
 kinds of grapes, America would excel the world 
 in the manufacture of pure wines, brandies, 
 champagne and whisky, has been verified, and 
 the public now realize that the American prod- 
 uct, in every respect, is as good as the foreign 
 and of purer quality. The business of the Steu- 
 ben County Wine Company in this line of goods 
 is large and constantly on the increase. 
 
 Mr. Van Housen was married in Naples, On- 
 tario County, N. Y., on Jan. 12, 1854, to Miss 
 Charlotte A. Torrey, and they have been the 
 parents of three children: Beach Torrey, Harry 
 L., and Charles L., the youngest being deceased. 
 Mr. Van Housen's remarkable success in busi- 
 ness is attributable, in part, to the efficient co- 
 operation of his two sons, who are actively as- 
 sociated with him in its management; as also 
 to his native sagacity, sound business judgment 
 and tireless energy, coupled with a frank, genial 
 and generous temperament that wins him many 
 friends. 
 
 GEORGE B. VAN NORMAN. 
 
 It is not easy to limit the possible achieve- 
 ments of unflagging energy, when directed by 
 keen intelligence and a capacity for broad grasp 
 of affairs. Commercial foresight and business 
 tact, quickness of perception and alertness of 
 action, when joined to sagacity and persever- 
 ance, rarely fail to leave their imjiress upon 
 the great, throbbing heart of the world of trade. 
 For the man endowed with these qualities, 
 buBineKs success means intellectual and moral 
 triumph. 
 
 looking back upon a life of fifty-eight years, 
 with physical and mental vigor uninii)aired, Mr. 
 Oforge H. Van Norman may well fxi)erienco the 
 fueling of pride that comes to a victor. He first 
 Haw thf light upon a f.'heniuiig (."ounty (N. Y.) 
 farm, November 25, 1842. When he was a boy 
 of thirteen years, his parents, Jacob and Polly 
 
 (Park) Van Norman, came west, settling at 
 Moscow, Iowa County, Wis. The father was 
 descended from a long line of Knickerbocker 
 ancestors, while his mother was of English ex- 
 traction. He aided his father upon the farm 
 until August 16, 1861, when he enlisted for 
 three years as a private in the Eighth Wiscor^ 
 sin Infantry. He served in the West, was twice 
 wounded, and returned a First Sergeant. In 
 1863 he re-enlisted for the war, and was chosen 
 Second Lieutenant of his old company, but un- 
 fortunately a failure to fill the quota prevented 
 his receiving his commission, and he was ap- 
 pointed regimental drill-master for new re- 
 cruits. At the close of hostilities he was as- 
 signed to duty in the Freedmen's Bureau, and 
 on September 16, 1865, received his discharge 
 at Uniontown, Ala. He was in forty-two en- 
 gagements, as shown by the history of his regi- 
 ment. 
 
 After spending a few weeks at his old home 
 at Moscow, he went to Spring Green, Wis., 
 where he engaged in the hardware business. 
 In 1866 he began shipping live stock to Chi- 
 cago and Milwaukee. The venture was profit- 
 able and proved to be the initiatory step in his 
 successful business career. After five years de- 
 voted to this enterprise, he purchased a farm 
 five miles from Spring Green and there car- 
 ried on farming as well as the business of a 
 retail butcher, besides continuing his shipments 
 of stock. 
 
 In 1874 he removed to Milwaukee, where he 
 began business as a live-stock commission mer- 
 chant. He also invested in real estate in that 
 city, as well as iu what is now South Mil- 
 waukee. The latter purchase especially demon- 
 strated his business sagacity. He was elected 
 President of the South Milwaukee Company, 
 which in three years built up a town of 4,000 
 inhabitants, with eight large factories, either 
 completed or in process of construction. Among 
 these enterprises was the Eagle Horse-Shoe 
 Company, organized by Mr. Van Norman and 
 capitalized at $150,000. He was elected Presi- 
 dent of the company and has filled that office 
 ever since. They have doubled the size and 
 capacity of the plant which, when completed, 
 will give employment to five hundred men. 
 
 He came to Chicago to reside in 1893, and 
 at once formed a partnership with A. L. Nickey 
 and J. W. Holmes, the style of the firm being 
 G. B. Van Norman & Company. Mr. Nickey 
 had entered Mr. Van Norman's employ as 
 bookkeeper at the age of twenty-one years and 
 has been associated with him in business for 
 twenty-three years. The concern has its main 
 office at the Union Stock Yards, and also con- 
 ducts a Milwaukee branch, which is in charge 
 of Mr. Nickey. In 1896 the firm name was 
 changed to G. B. Van Norman, Shattuck, Pax- 
 son & Company. In 1894, Mr. Van Norman en- 
 gaged in the packing business, among his as- 
 sociates being Messrs. William Plankinlon, O. 
 C. Mason, Fred D. Harrows, I). W. Booth and 
 Jeremiah Quinn. The venture proved success- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS. 
 
 1015 
 
 ful and the enterprise is in a prosperous con- 
 dition. 
 
 Mr. Van Norman's family has consisted of his 
 wife and three daughters. The latter are now 
 married and reside in Milwaukee, and to 
 each the father has presented a handsome home. 
 Jennie is the wife of Dr. Robert C. Brown; 
 Alma, now Mrs. Dr. J. T. Stewart, and Lizzie, 
 who married B. C. Wait, Assistant Secretary 
 of the Milwaukee Harvester Works. Mr. Van 
 Norman is a member of E. B. Wolcott Post, 
 Grand Army of the Republic, Milwaukee. His 
 first vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln while 
 in the army in Mississippi, and he has since 
 been a stanch Republican. He has been ten- 
 dered the nomination, in Wisconsin, for Con- 
 gress, but his business induced him to decline 
 a nomination which was equivalent to an 
 election. 
 
 ALBERT H. VEEDER. 
 This eminent corporation lawyer, whose 
 standing at the bar is second to that of no other 
 practitioner, and whose reputation extends be- 
 yond the limits of Illinois, was born in Fonda, 
 Montgomery County, N. Y., on April 1, 1844, the 
 son of Henry and Rachel (Lancing) Veeder. 
 He graduated from Union College in 1865, and 
 soon after came to Illinois, taking up his resi- 
 dence at Galva, where, from 1866 until 1868, 
 he was Superintendent of Schools. During 
 these years he also applied himself to the study 
 of law, and in 1868 was admitted to the bar. 
 For six years he practiced his profession in 
 the rural city, but in 1874 a natural ambition 
 for a wider field prompted him to come to 
 Chicago. He made his home in the Town of 
 Lake, and served as attorney for the town 
 during 1874-76, making for himself a brilliant 
 and enviable record. His light was not long 
 permitted to remain "hid under a bushel," his 
 broad learning, sound judgment, power of quick 
 perception and signal ability soon bringing him 
 a large and wealthy clientage. The great cor- 
 porations doing business in Lake were among 
 the first to recognize his worth and avail them- 
 selves of his services. Among the important 
 companies in which he is a director may be 
 named the Union Stock Yards & Transit Com- 
 pany; the Junction Railway; the Stock Yards 
 Companies of St. Louis, St. Joseph, and San 
 Francisco; the Consumers' Cotton-Seed Oil 
 Company, Swift & Company, and Libby, McNeil 
 & Libby. His eldest son, Henry, is associated 
 with him as a partner. 
 
 In private life Mr. Veeder is frank, genial 
 and of unfailing courtesy. He has innumerable 
 friends, and is best loved by those who know 
 him best. He belongs to the Kenwood and 
 Chicago Athletic Clubs, and is a Knight Tem- 
 plar, a Thirty-second Degree Mason, and a 
 Noble of the Mystic Shrine. In politics he is 
 a Republican, and in religious association a 
 Congregationalist. 
 
 Mrs. Veeder is a daughter of Mr. Isaac C. 
 Duryea, of Schenectady, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Veeder were married August 1.5, 1865, and they 
 are the parents of four children. 
 
 RICHARD VOELKER. 
 Richard Voelker, grocer. River View, 111., 
 was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1865, but 
 early in life came to the United States, finally 
 settling at River View, where he conducts a 
 grocery and meat market business. On Oc- 
 tober 28, 1896, he was married to Ellen Ru- 
 dolph, born in 1865, and they have one son, 
 Charles Voelker. August 26, 1893, Mr. Voelker 
 was appointed Postmaster at River View, and 
 this position he has continued to hold to the 
 present time. In politics, Mr. Voelker is a Re- 
 publican. 
 
 JONAS L. WAFFLE. 
 Jonas L. Waffle, live-stock commission mer- 
 chant and salesman, was born in Elkhorn, 
 Wis., August 15, 1852, and educated in the pub- 
 lic schools. After leaving school he worked 
 for H. S. Bunker in an elevator and lumber 
 yard at Elkhorn, from 1869 to 1872, when he 
 came to Chicago and worked for his original 
 employer until the firm of Bunker & Cochran 
 was organized in 1876, and has remained with 
 the same firm up to the present time (1904). 
 He is considered one of the best salesmen at 
 the Union Stock Yards. He was married at 
 Delavan, Wis., January 11, 1873, to Miss Bridget 
 O'Donnell, and eight children have been born to 
 them, seven of whom are now living, and there 
 are two grandchildren. 
 
 JAMES WALLACE, 
 Superintendent Water Pipe Extension Depart- 
 ment, Chicago, was born in Oswego, N. Y., May 
 23, 1855, attended the public schools in his na- 
 tive city. After leaving school he served part 
 of his time at the boiler making trade in Os- 
 wego, and, after coming to Chicago in August, 
 1873, completed his apprenticeship at the Chi- 
 cago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad shops, 
 where he remained until he entered upon the 
 plumbing business, April 30, 1880. He was 
 appointed water inspector and tapper for the 
 village of Hyde Park in April, 1881, which 
 title was changed by ordinance in 1881 to 
 Superintendent of Water Pipe Extension, which 
 position he continued to fill (excepting ten 
 months in 1885) until 1887. He was elected a 
 member of the School Board for District No. 
 5 in 1880, holding that position until 1889. He 
 engaged in the contracting business, laying 
 water-mains and sewers, in which he continued 
 until August, 1894, when he was appointed 
 Assistant Superintendent of Water Pipe Ex- 
 tension, and held that position until June 30, 
 1895. He then returned to the contracting 
 business, continuing until May, 1897, when he 
 was appointed Superintendent of Special Wa- 
 ter Pipe Extension, for the purpose of laying 
 a large system of main-feeders, the cost of 
 which amounted to $1,117,210.75, although the 
 work was not completed until the spring of 
 
ioi6 
 
 HISTORICAL EKCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1S98. He remained in this employment until 
 October, 1898, when he was re-assigned to the 
 position of Assistant Superintendent of "Wa- 
 ter Pipe Extension, continuing in that capacity 
 until November, 1899, when standing highest 
 on the eligible list of those who had taken 
 the civil-service examination, he was appointed 
 Superintendent of Water Pipe Extension, a 
 position which he now holds. 
 
 Mr. Wallace is the inventor of the tripod 
 pipe-derrick, which is so constructed that two 
 men can easily raise from five to ten tons. 
 The derricks have worked admirably and great- 
 ly facilitated the work of pipe-laying. The 
 crank axle of each derrick is provided with 
 a pair of ordinary 48-inch wagon wheels in- 
 stead of cranks, which wheels, when slipped 
 out of mesh with the drum-gear, are used in 
 transporting the derrick from place to place. 
 Since the appointment of Mr. Wallace to his 
 present position there has been a large sav- 
 ing in the operating expense of his department, 
 which goes to show that he is well fitted for 
 the important position held by him, and that 
 his efforts are rewarded by the knowledge that 
 he has the esteem of his associates and friends. 
 
 Mr. Wallace was married in Chicago, May 19, 
 1878, to Miss Catherine E. Hogan, and five 
 children have been born to them, three of 
 whom are living. 
 
 A. MONTGOMERY WARD. 
 A. Montgomery Ward, pioneer in the system 
 of direct sale of goods, at wholesale prices, to 
 the user by order and without solicitation, was 
 born in New Jersey on the 17th day of February, 
 1844, educated in the public schools, and com- 
 menced his present business in a small room, 
 18x20 feet, on Kinzie Street, Chicago, in 1872. 
 Two men and one boy furnished sufficient help 
 to transact the business that came from the 
 orders received direct from those using the 
 goods, as the proposition was to sell the goods 
 at wholesale prices without the aid of travel- 
 ing men. The first year the sales amounted 
 to only a few thousand dollars, but by buying 
 in large quantities for cash, and directly from 
 the manufacturers in this and foreign countries, 
 the business has increased so that the firm of 
 Montgomery Ward & Co. have been obliged to 
 enlarge their sales and store-rooms to the pres- 
 ent mammoth capacity, which gives to this 
 concern a building possessing the highest 
 point of observation in Chicago. This is one 
 of the finest mercantile buildings in the United 
 States, if not in the world, having a total floor- 
 space of twenty-five acres, employing two thou- 
 sand clerks and fifty typewriters, and constant- 
 ly carrying a slock of merchandise valued at 
 $2,000,000. From a few hundred timid cus- 
 tomers during the first year, who spread the 
 news of the treatment received by this firm, 
 the numljor now on their books reaches over 
 two million. This result has been achieved by 
 honest dealings with their customers, and the 
 policy of guaranteeing every article as good as 
 
 represented, and agreeing, if not found satis- 
 factory, to allow the purchaser either to ex- 
 change the goods for others, or to refund the 
 purchase money if preferred. That this plan 
 has been satisfactory to their army of cus- 
 tomers has been demonstrated by the fact that 
 they remain as permanent buyers when any 
 kinds of goods are wanted by them, and at 
 a saving of 15 to 35 cents on the dollar, their 
 sales have been constantly growing, and, at the 
 present time, amount to an immense sum an- 
 nually. This large business has not been done 
 without the persistent push and nerve, for 
 which Chicago dealers are noted, the world 
 over, in connection with a complete system of 
 advertising and catalogue, and by keeping up 
 to date with the wants of their customers. Chi- 
 cago is greatly indebted to her many keen busi- 
 ness men for her prosperity and the place she 
 occupies as the second city in the United 
 States, and to none more so than to Montgomery 
 Ward. 
 
 JAMES WARD, 
 Captain Engine No. 15, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Ballinakill, County Carlow, 
 Ireland, November 26, 1861, was educated in 
 the local schools, and after leaving school, en- 
 gaged in the hardware business in the city 
 of Dublin. Leaving his native country for 
 America, he arrived in New York City, May 
 21, 1883, then went to Frankfort, N. Y., and, 
 after remaining there two years, came to Chi- 
 cago in 1885, where he worked for Hibbard, 
 Spencer, Bartlett & Co. for nine months. He 
 was then engaged with John Howard, hardware 
 dealer, and later with the Keeley Brewing 
 Company, remaining two years. November 2, 
 1888, he joined the Chicago Fire Department 
 on Engine No. 1; was transferred to Hook & 
 Ladder Company No. 14, December 31, 1888, re- 
 maining there until transferred to Truck No. 9, 
 in 1892; was promoted to Lieutenant, December 
 31, 1892, and assigned to Engine 15; July 1, 
 1896, was transferred to Engine 31 and pro- 
 moted to Captain; after which he was succes- 
 sively transferred to Engine 6, January 9, 1897; 
 to Engine 38, July 16, 1897; and to Engine 15, 
 May 1, 1900, where he has since remained on 
 duty and always ready for any call that may 
 come to him. Captain Ward was always on 
 hand at all the large fires in the lumber dis- 
 trict, but has never suffered any serious ac- 
 cidents. He was married in Chicago, Septem- 
 ber 14, 1890, to Miss Frances Soenes, and five 
 children have blessed their union, four of' 
 whom are now living. 
 
 JAMES H. WARD. 
 James H. Ward, a successful legal practi- 
 tioner of Chicago, was born in that city, No- 
 vember 30, 1853. Attendance at the public 
 schools during boyhood was supplemented by 
 a course at the University of Notre Dame, Ind., 
 from which he graduated in 1873. On leaving 
 his Alma Mater, he matriculated at the Union 
 College of Law in Chicago, graduating In 1876. 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1017 
 
 He was admitted to the bar in that year, and 
 has ever since been engaged in active practice. 
 Mr. Ward talves a deep interest in politics, and 
 has been frequently honored by his party. In 
 1879 he was elected Supervisor of the Town 
 of West Chicago, and in 1884 was a candidate 
 for the office of Presidential Elector on the 
 Democratic ticket. He was also elected, in 
 1884, a member of the Forty-ninth Congress, 
 from the Third Illinois District. He was ten- 
 dered the nomination for Probate Judge of Cook 
 County a few years since, but declined it. 
 
 JAMES RILEY WARD. 
 Mr. Ward is one of the well-known mem- 
 bers of the Chicago bar who has won an honor- 
 able place in his profession by the employ- 
 ment of the old-fashioned methods of integrity 
 and honesty, and in the vigorous attention he 
 gives to all business intrusted to his care. He 
 adopted and utilized these methods during a 
 period of thirty years, during almost twenty 
 years of which he practiced at the CarroUton 
 bar in Southwestern Illinois. Mr. Ward was 
 born in Madison County, 111., May 7, 1851, the 
 son of McKinley Ward. He was trained in the 
 local schools, and received a liberal education, 
 graduating from Illinois College, Jacksonville, 
 in 1873, with the degree of A. B. Though ab- 
 sorbed in his profession, he is well informed 
 and still retains a love of classical literature, 
 and delights in the communion of mind that 
 makes delightful the Republic of Letters. Mr. 
 Ward was admitted to the bar in the State of 
 Missouri, in February, 1874, and by the Su- 
 preme Court of Illinois, in June of the same 
 year, and came to Chicago in 1893. Prior to 
 establishing himself in Chicago, he had con- 
 ducted important litigation in the State and 
 Federal Courts of Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, 
 Arkansas, Minnesota and Nebraska, and is a 
 member of the bar of the United States Cir- 
 cuit Courts, in those States. In 1889 he was 
 admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of 
 the United States, and has been a member of 
 the bar of the United States Circuit Courts 
 of the Southern and Northern Districts of Illi- 
 nois since 1887. His success as a lawyer in 
 Chicago has been gradual and certain, and he 
 has built up and retains a fine practice, hav- 
 ing been in recent years employed in some of 
 the most celebrated cases of the city. In poli- 
 tics he is a Democrat, and comes of Irish de- 
 scent. Mr. Ward lives on Diversey Boulevard, 
 near Lincoln Park, one of the most beautiful 
 residence portions of Chicago, in a handsome 
 home purchased by him at the time he moved 
 to Chicago in 1893. He is one of the Chicago 
 lawyers who has acquired by individual efforts 
 valuable property and is prepared to enjoy life. 
 His two daughters reside with him, his wife 
 having died April 3, 1902. 
 
 SAMUEL ARTHUR WATERMAN, M. D. 
 Samuel A. Waterman, physician and ' sur- 
 geon, Chicago, was born in Minonk, 111., June 
 
 28, 1868, the son of Collins P. and Lydia 
 (Knowles) Waterman, natives of Otsego County, 
 N. Y., and Concord, N. H., respectively, and 
 the great-great-grandson of Mr. Young of 
 Revolutionary War fame; while his grand- 
 father, Hamilton Waterman (a man noted for 
 his sterling worth), was one of the early pro- 
 moters of railway industry in New York State. 
 Collins P. Waterman served four years during 
 the Civil War and was one of the pioneer 
 settlers of Illinois. His son, Samuel Arthur 
 Waterman, the subject of this sketch, was the 
 oldest of three children. Charles Edgar died 
 in Chicago, November 24, 1899, afcer a return 
 from a perilous trip through the Klondyke re- 
 gion. John Abbott, the third child, resides in 
 Chicago. Mrs. Waterman, the mother, died 
 December 25, 1874, and in 1877 the father re- 
 married and now resides in Los Angeles, Cal., 
 with his wife and daughter, Mary Edna. In 
 1877, S. A. Waterman completed his high school 
 education, and then taught near Kappa, Wood- 
 ford County, 111., for twelve months, afterwara 
 going to Woodford, in the same County. De- 
 ciding at length to study medicine, he began 
 his preparatory work at the Northwestern 
 University, completing his course in 1891. En- 
 tering the department of medicine at the Uni- 
 versity, he received the degree of M. D. in 
 1894. Since that time he has taken post-grad- 
 uate courses in the New York Polyclinic and 
 in the New York Post Graduate Schools, and 
 has further pursued his scientific investigations 
 in London, Paris and Berlin. 
 
 On August 20, 1894, Dr. Waterman was mar- 
 ried to Lina, daughter of Charles and Mary 
 (Nostrand) Dibbs, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Before 
 her marriage Mrs. Waterman spent two years 
 at the Oswego Normal School, after which she 
 entered the Methodist Episcopal Hospital train- 
 ing school for nurses at Brooklyn, graduating 
 from this institution in 1891. After securing 
 his degree Dr. Waterman settled at Auburn 
 Park, Chicago, where he has since been most 
 successful in his chosen profession. Dr. and 
 Mrs. Waterman are the parents of three chil- 
 dren: Marion Collins, William Layton and 
 Charles Eugene. The doctor belongs to the 
 Chicago, the State and the National Medical 
 Societies, as well as to various benevolent or- 
 ganizations. He is a Republican as to politics, 
 and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 CHARLES H. WATERS. 
 
 Charles H. Waters, Engineer Fire-boat "Yose- 
 mite" (Engine No. 58), Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in New York City, June 11, 
 1857, and educated in the public school, St. 
 Mary's Academy and Christian Brothers' School. 
 After leaving school he served his time as an 
 apprentice with the Delemater Iron Works, in 
 which the celebrated inventor, Ericson, was a 
 partner; later was employed on tug-boats on 
 the river, finally coming to Chicago, May 5, 
 1874. Here he worked for a time for Frazer & 
 Chalmers, A. Plamondon, John Davis & Co., 
 
 1 
 
ioi8 
 
 HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 and Robert Tarrant; then went on the lakes as 
 engineer for the steamer "Lawrence," and later 
 on the "Messenger" (Graham & Morton line) 
 for St. Joseph, Mich., until he joined the Fire 
 Department, October 10, 1879, being employed 
 on Engine No. 6, when that company was re- 
 organized, as Assistant Engineer. He was 
 transferred to Engine No. 23 in July, 1880, then 
 to Engine 31 (at its organization), December 
 3, 1880; transferred to Engine No. 5, July, 1881; 
 promoted to Engineer, January 3,. 1885, and 
 assigned to Engine 34 (when organized), Sep- 
 tember 12, 1888; transferred to fire-boat "W. 
 H. Alley," the name of which was later changed 
 to "Chicago." While the "Chicago" was be- 
 ing repaired he was assigned to the "Parma- 
 lee," but on December 3, 1891, resumed duty 
 on the "Chicago." May 16, 1893, he was trans- 
 ferred to the "Yosemite," where he still re- 
 mains. Mr. Waters was married to Miss Mary 
 Doonan in Chicago, September 5, 1888, and three 
 children have blessed this union. 
 
 FiRE-Bo.vT Hi.sTORY. — The fire-boat "Yosemite" 
 was built in 1890 by Miller Brothers on the 
 North Branch of the Chicago River. Her en- 
 gine was made by C. R. Elmes — length 107 
 feet; beam 25 feet, tonnage 141 gross; double 
 engines 18x20, developing the same as fire-boat 
 "Geyser"; boiler 10 feet in diameter and 16 
 feet long; 800 horse-power; two pumps, with 
 16i.>xl2 inches stroke; steam and water cylin- 
 ders, 9Vi.xl2; capacity 9,000 gallons; will throw 
 ten two-inch streams, or eighteen ordinary ly^- 
 inch nozzle, equal to the same number of fire- 
 engine streams; twelve IV^-inch streams, of 4- 
 inch torrent revolving standpipe, 600 feet in- 
 spirator and donkey pump; has 3,000 feet 3%- 
 inch hose; can throw a 3Vi;-inch stream 400 
 feet; 414-inch streams 150 feet each; with 
 standpipe working at 3i/4 inches; draws 12 
 feet of water and has a speed of 16 miles per 
 hour; has steam steering apparatus, which can 
 be reversed from one side to the other in nine 
 seconds; is allowed 125 pounds of steams; has 
 filter recommended by the United States' Gov- 
 ernment Inspector, Stewart H. Moore, which 
 is a success in keeping scales from the boiler 
 and equalizing the temperature in the leg of 
 the boiler. On January 14, 1899, when the fire- 
 boat "Illinois" went into service, the "Yose- 
 mite" was assigned to Engine 58, to take the 
 place of the fire-boat "Chicago," while the lat- 
 ter was being repaired. The fire-boat "Yose- 
 mite" has had a number of narrow escapes, one 
 of these occurred on September 24, 1894, when 
 in responding to a special call from box 1511 
 (E. R. Beck's lumber yards, South Chicago), 
 on leaving the harbor everything was made 
 fast and portholes closed, as a gale was blow- 
 ing from thf- southwest. In order to avoid a 
 reef at Morgan's Pier, near Fifty-eighth Street, 
 the boat headed out into the lake. When about 
 one and a half miles from shore and one mile 
 Bonth of the Sixty-eighth Street Crib, the boat 
 sprang a leak and, within ton minutes after 
 the life-boat had rescued the officers and crew, 
 
 it sank. The "Yosemite" was afterwards raised 
 and again placed in service. At the Armour 
 Elevator fire she plowed her way through the 
 debris and was in the hottest of the fight, and, 
 at one time, could not be seen for the smoke 
 and fire; but she came out, doing excellent serv- 
 ice. She was also in the S. K. Martin lumber 
 fire, doing good service there, and when 
 through at that fire, saved the Santa Fe Eleva- 
 tor from burning; also had a very narrow es- 
 cape from falling walls at the Northwestern 
 Elevator fire, on August 5, 1897. The "Yose- 
 mite" has worked at six different elevator fires 
 and two hardwood lumber-yard fires, and at the 
 largest "down-town" fires that have occurred 
 during the last eight years, where she could 
 be utilized. 
 
 ExGiNE 58, FiKE-BoAT "Chicago." — The fire- 
 boat "Alpha" having been deemed unsatisfac- 
 tory, the City Council authorized the purchase 
 of the powerful tug "W. H. Alley," and the 
 pumps were transferred from the "Alpha" to 
 the "Alley," and the latter was placed in com- 
 mission December 31, 1886. In 1887, the fire- 
 boat was overhauled, the old pumps were re- 
 placed by two new and more powerful ones 
 (size 10x12x6), and the name changed to "Chi- 
 cago." This boat is 91 feet long over all, 20 
 feet beam, with eight feet draft, and was again 
 rebuilt in 1891, assigned as "Engine 58" and 
 stationed at South Chicago. It was again re- 
 built in 1900 (entirely new except engine and 
 pumps) and took the place of the "Yosemite" 
 November 2, 1900. The "Chicago" carries 140 
 pounds of steam, has a boiler 14 feet long by 
 8 feet in diameter, plate one-half inch thick; 
 two pumps, 10x12x6 pumping engines 6x12, 
 single or double; a single engine, 18M;-inch, 22- 
 inch stroke, which develops 400 horse-power; 
 has four two-inch streams which can be thrown 
 250 feet; eleven li/4-inch streams, which can 
 be thrown 150 feet; and one 3-inch stream, 
 which can be thrown 350 feet. 
 
 ELIAS T. WATKINS. 
 Ellas T. Watkins, banker and sterling busi- 
 ness man, for over fifty years an important fac- 
 tor in financial circles in the city of Chicago, 
 was born in Milton, Ulster County, N. Y.,May 17, 
 1816. After attending the public schools at Au- 
 burn and Seneca Falls, in his early youth he 
 went to Brockport, Monroe County, N. Y., where 
 he spent two years as clerk in the dry-goods 
 store of Bristol & McKnight. In 1836, return- 
 ing to Seneca Falls, he re-entered school there, 
 supporting himself on the money which he had 
 earned while employed as a clerk. He then 
 returned to Brockport, and again entered Into 
 the service of his former employers, Bristol 
 & McKnight, remaining two years, when he ac- 
 cepted employment as a salesman in the dry- 
 goods establishment of William McKnight & 
 Co., at Rochester, continuing with this firm un- 
 til 1845, when he became a partner. Two years 
 later, having earned a considerable sum of 
 money, he withdrew from the firm of McKnight 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 loig 
 
 & Company, and, removing to Chicago, organ- 
 ized the importing firm of Eddy, Brackett & 
 Watkins, which continued in existence for a 
 period of eleven years. In 1859 Mr. Watkins 
 became associated with John B. Turner, who, 
 next to William B. Ogden, was the most in- 
 fluential factor in the development of railroad 
 enterprises connected with the history of Chi- 
 cago, and which have contributed to so large 
 an extent to the growth of the city. This con- 
 nection led to the construction of the street rail- 
 way on North Clark Street, which was one of 
 the first street-car lines put in operation in the 
 city of Chicago. About the same time he be- 
 came interested in the Chicago Gas Light & 
 Coke Company, which proved a most profitable 
 Investment. In this company he finally became 
 one of the most extensive stockholders and, for 
 a time, served as President of the company. 
 
 In October, 1864, Mr. Watkins became an ex- 
 tensive stockholder in the Merchants' Loan & 
 Trust Company, one of the oldest, as well as 
 the largest financial institutions in the city of 
 Chicago, with which he was prominently iden- 
 tified for the rest of his life. During the same 
 year he was made a director of the company, a 
 position which he continued to occupy up to 
 the date of his death. Mr. Watkins was also 
 an extensive stockholder in the Edison Electric 
 Lighting Company, which has had a notable 
 career in connection with the development of 
 city interests and enterprises, and for one year 
 held the position of President of the company. 
 He was a prominent member of the Chicago 
 Historical Society. 
 
 On August 3, 1842, Mr. Watkins was married 
 at Brockport, N. Y., to Amanda Angeline 
 Downs, who came to Chicago with her husband 
 in 1848, and they spent their lives on the North 
 Side, their residence during their latter years 
 being at 148 Rush Street. In August, 1902, they 
 celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of their 
 marriage. Mrs. Watkins' death occurred at 
 their Chicago home from an attack of pneu- 
 monia, October 24, 1903, preceding that of her 
 husband by less than two months. Mr. Wat- 
 kins' death, which occurred December 16, 1903, 
 was the result of an accident occasioned by a 
 fall on a stairway in his own home. 
 
 Singularly reticent and unobtrusive in tem- 
 perament, Mr. Watkins combined a geniality of 
 manner in his intercourse with his more inti- 
 mate friends with a conservativeness and self- 
 control in matters of business, and to these 
 qualities are to be traced his uniform success 
 in life. With these traits he united a strict 
 integrity, which won for him the respect and 
 confidence of all with whom he was brought 
 in business or social relations throughout his 
 career of over half a century in the city of 
 Chicago. 
 
 RANKIN WAUGH. 
 
 The Union Stock Yards are the center of 
 most interesting business activities and of op- 
 erations on a bewildering scale of magnitude. 
 The cattle on a thousand hills and vast plains 
 
 of the Great West are slowly moving to this 
 market. Here are prepared foods for all the 
 world, and from here go forth to the East and 
 to Europe, train loads of live stock daily. On 
 such a field of action only strong men can hold 
 their place, and it is safe to assume that those 
 who rise to the surface and become prominent 
 are unusually able and gifted characters. 
 Among such men, the subject of this sketch fitly 
 holds an honored place. 
 
 Rankin Waugh was born in Westmoreland 
 County, Pa., in 1850, and was brought to 
 Bureau County, 111., by his parents, when only 
 six months old. His education was secured 
 at Lombard University, Galesburg, 111., and it 
 is not too much to say that he made the most 
 of the splendid opportunities there afforded. 
 He shows in himself the value of a Pennsyl- 
 vania heredity of character and moral fiber, 
 broadened and strengthened by his life in the 
 Great West. Reared on a farm, Mr. Waugh 
 naturally took a deep interest in live stock, 
 displaying such an excellent judgment in ev- 
 erything that related to that noble activity, 
 that it almost inevitably became his life-work. 
 In 1872 he came to Chicago, and, connecting 
 himself with the live-stock firm of R. P. & M. 
 Conger, soon acquired a thoroughly practical 
 knowledge of every line of his work as it waa 
 conducted at the Stock Yards. In 1873 he 
 founded the firm of Waugh Brothers, which 
 had an honorable and successful career for 
 twenty years. In 1893 Mr. Waugh assumed ex- 
 clusive control, and since that time has done 
 business in his own name. Every detail of 
 the work is familiar to him, and he sells hogs, 
 cattle and sheep as they may arrive on the 
 market, to the eminent satisfaction of his pa- 
 trons. Personally he is courteous and oblig- 
 ing, treating his customers' interests as his 
 own, and has ever manifested unswerving in- 
 tegrity and high principle in all his dealings 
 with the world. He enjoys life to its fullest 
 extent, and has troops of friends, who look with 
 pride on his creditable record as a live-stock 
 commission merchant. Mr. Waugh was married 
 June 6, 1900, to Miss Anna M. Fox, by whom 
 he has had one daughter, Janice Elizabeth 
 Waugh, born August 16, 1901. 
 
 WILLIAM W. WEATHERSTONE. 
 William W. Weatherstone, son of Edward 
 and Jane (Parr) Weatherstone, was born in 
 Oxford, England, March 28, 1832. Edward 
 Weatherstone was an officer of the British Navy, 
 who was forced to retire on account of ill-health 
 subsequent to the War of 1812, afterward en- 
 gaging in trade as a merchant. William re- 
 ceived his education in the common schools of 
 his native place and, at the age of nineteen, 
 entered the employ of a silver-smith in London. 
 Emigrating to America in 1853, he first settled 
 in Boston, where he continued in the silver- 
 smithing business. From 1863 to 1870 he was 
 located successively in Wisconsin, St. Louis 
 and Chicago, in the latter year engaging 
 
1020 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 in the silver-plating business for himself at 
 Aurora, 111., where he did most of the plating 
 for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. 
 In 1S75 he settled at La Grange, Cook County, 
 establishing there a manufactory of solid silver- 
 ware under the firm name of W. W. Weather- 
 stone & Son, James P., his son, being his as- 
 sociate. In 1888 he retired from the firm, his 
 son continuing the business. Since that time 
 Mr. Weatherstone has resided in La Grange, 
 a well-known and highly respected citizen. He 
 has been a life-long Democrat and, though not 
 a seeker for political preferment, his opinions 
 on party affairs are of weight and influence. In 
 1853 he married Martha Dolding, a native of 
 Kent, England, and ten children were born to 
 them, but none are now living, James P., his 
 last surviving son, having died November 27, 
 1902. 
 
 JAMES P. WEATHERSTONE. 
 
 James Parr Weatherstone (deceased), late 
 Postmaster and well-known business man of 
 LaGrange, 111., was born in East Cambridge, 
 Mass., October 21, 1854, the son of William W. 
 and Martha (Dolding) Weatherstone; was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Boston, St. Louis 
 and Chicago, and on completion of his educa- 
 tion, learned the printer's trade in which he 
 was employed until June, 1871, when he formed, 
 with his father, the firm of William W. Weath- 
 erstone & Son, at Aurora, 111., engaging in the 
 business of silver-plating. In 1874 they re- 
 moved to Chicago, remaining until 1876, when 
 they located in LaGrange and began the manu- 
 facture of silver and plated ware. In 1879 Wil- 
 liam W. Weatherstone retired from the firm, 
 the business being continued until 1893 under 
 the name of James P. Weatherstone. A life- 
 long Democrat, active and influential in the 
 councils of his party, Mr. Weatherstone twice 
 served the people of LaGrange in an official 
 capacity. In 1884 he was elected Trustee of 
 the village, serving until 1887; in August, 1894, 
 he was appointed Postmaster of LaGrange by 
 President Cleveland, serving until November 1, 
 1899. Upon his retirement from the latter of- 
 fice he engaged in retail stationery and cigar 
 business, in which he continued up to the time 
 of his death, November 27, 1902. 
 
 Mr. Weatherstone was married on Novem- 
 ber 11, 1875, to Isabelle, daughter of Harrison 
 Albee, of Aurora, III., and he left a family of 
 five daughters: Clarice A., Grace I., Blanche 
 M. (now Mrs. Goan), Martha L. and Ethel A. 
 Among the first of the business men to locate 
 In LaGrange, Mr. Weatherstone did much to 
 assist in the growth and development of the 
 village, and proved himself worthy of the con- 
 fidence of his fellow-citizens, by whom he was 
 held In high esteem. 
 
 ANDREW J. WEAVER. 
 This successful dealer In live-stock has de- 
 voted nearly forty years of his life to the busi- 
 ness, which he thoroughly understands In all 
 its details. He was born in Pittsburg, Pa., 
 
 March 4, 1854. His school days were soon over, 
 and, in 1864, at the early age of ten years, he 
 engaged in driving cattle across the mountains 
 from Pittsburg to Harrisburg and Lancaster. 
 Subsequently he worked for two years for the 
 Union Stock Yards Company of Pittsburg, and 
 afterward was engaged for four years in ship- 
 ping cattle, by rail, from Pittsburg to New 
 York. For two years he also conducted an under- 
 taking establishment, and a livery stable in 
 connection therewith. Returning to the Stock 
 Yards, he was connected with the firm of S. 
 B. Hedges & Company, for six years. The next 
 three years he spent in the employment of Sad- 
 ler & Company, shipping cattle from St. Louis 
 and Chicago to New York. Sadler, McCall & 
 Company, of Pittsburg, were his next employ- 
 ers, remaining with them one year. He next 
 began buying cattle in Chicago, shipping them 
 to Pittsburg, which business he carried on un- 
 til 1890, when he came to Chicago. His first 
 employment here was buying cattle for Simon 
 O'Donnell, with whom he remained twelve 
 months. For two years he was a salesman for 
 Darlington, Quick & Company, and later for 
 Alexander Rogers & Crill for a year. He then 
 became junior partner of the firm of H. R. 
 Perrine & Company, which was afterward joined 
 by Samuel Ayers. The gentleman last named 
 withdrew about 1897, and the firm was soon 
 afterward dissolved. Mr. Weaver carried on 
 business alone until January, 1898, when he 
 again accepted a position as buyer for Simon 
 O'Donnell. One year later (January, 1899), the 
 firm of Simon O'Donnell & Company was or- 
 ganized, Mr. Weaver being admitted into part- 
 nership and placed in charge of the Chicago 
 office. His career affords a noteworthy illus- 
 tration of what may be accomplished by hard 
 work and steady application to duty. Begin- 
 ning as a cattle-driver when a boy of ten, he 
 has gradually, but steadily, cfimbed the ladder 
 of success in his chosen btisiness through un- 
 wearying industry, natural aptitude and an in- 
 tegrity which has never been assailed. Mr. 
 Weaver was married on May 10, 1881, to Miss 
 Luella McGregor, of East St. Louis, 111., and 
 they have been the parents of four children, 
 three of whom are yet living, viz.: Anna May, 
 Albert Joseph and Lottie Barbara — one son, 
 Andrew John, being deceased. 
 
 HENRY WEBER. 
 Henry Weber (deceased), late Superintendent 
 of the Calumet Grain Elevator Company's sys- 
 tem of grain elevators, was born at Grand 
 Rapids, Ohio, January 1, 1849, the second of 
 seven children born to Jacob and Elizabeth 
 (Kebler) Weber, who were natives of Switzer- 
 land, but of German ancestry. The other chil- 
 dren of this family were: Otto, Casper, George 
 (died in infancy), Lena, Mary and George Am- 
 brose, the latter now assistant cashier of the 
 Ohio Savings and Trust Company Bank, at To- 
 ledo, Ohio. The father died in 1886 at the age 
 of sixty-nine years, while the mother is still 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS, 
 
 I02I 
 
 living. The daughter Mary, of this family, 
 married John Stollberg, a wholesale merchant 
 of Toledo, and died in 1896. In early life Henry 
 Weber was engaged in farming, but for more 
 than twenty-five years was connected with the 
 grain trade, beginning as grain-inspector for 
 the Board of Trade at Toledo, in 1875, where 
 he was employed for eight years. He then took 
 charge of the Wabash Elevators, but in 1891, 
 assumed his position with the Calumet Ele- 
 vator Company, which he retained for the rest 
 of his life, his long service giving evidence of 
 his efficiency. On January 10, 1875, Mr. Weber 
 married Miss Mary L. Culver, of Toledo, Ohio, 
 and to them were born two children: Eliz- 
 abeth May, born in 1876, was married June 14, 
 1899, to Courtney R. Merrill, assistant cashier 
 of the Union Bank, South Chicago, 111., and 
 they have one son, Wallace Edwin, born No- 
 vember 11, 1900; and Mabel J., born in 1878, 
 on January 18, 1898, married H. F. Branden- 
 burg, of Chicago, and they have a son, Herbert 
 Henry, born December 4, 1900. Fraternally, 
 Mr. Weber was identified with the "National 
 Union," and both he and his wife were mem- 
 bers of the Methodist Church, while his daugh- 
 ters and their families attend the Congrega- 
 tional Church. Mr. Weber died at the home 
 of his daughter, Mabel J. Brandenburg, 228 
 Seventy-fourth Place, Chicago, December 8, 
 1904. 
 
 ISAAC W. WEEKS. 
 Isaac W. Weeks, formerly Superintendent of 
 the Pennsylvania Transfer Elevator, Chicago, 
 was born near Belleville, Ontario, Canada, No- 
 vember 15, 1860, the son of John Y. and Lydia 
 (Hunt) Weeks, who were the parents of four 
 sons, Daniel, James, Harmon and Isaac W., 
 all of whom are still living. The father died, 
 aged seventy-two years, but the mother still 
 survives. Reared on a farm, Isaac W. Weeks 
 came to Chicago when twenty-four years of 
 age and, beginning at the foot of the ladder, 
 has been employed for over twenty years in 
 the elevator business. For eleven years he was 
 connected with the Santa Fe Elevator, and for 
 two years Superintendent of the Peavey Ele- 
 vator B, when on December 4, 1900, he assumed 
 his last position as successor to Christ Stiver. 
 The Pennsylvania Transfer Elevator was built 
 in 1897 with a storage capacity of 168,000 bush- 
 els, is owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
 pany and operated by the Requa Brothers. In 
 1882, Mr. Weeks married Miss Mary Anetta 
 Cranter, and four children have been born to 
 them: Percy and Arthur, who are still living; 
 Gracie who died at eighteen months of age, and 
 a boy who died in infancy. In politics Mr. 
 Weeks is a Republican. 
 
 JAMES H. WEEKS. 
 James H. Weeks, Superintendent of the Mab- 
 batt Elevators, Chicago, who was born in Con- 
 secon, Ontario, Canada, has been identified with 
 the elevator business over thirty-five years, 
 much of the time being employed at the old 
 
 elevator at the corner of Clark and Fourteenth 
 Streets. He recalls many of the noted leaders 
 of the grain market at an earlier day, includ- 
 ing George Phillips, the "Grain King," who 
 was a weighman. Elevator A, the older of the 
 Mabbatt Elevators A and B, of which Mr. Weeks 
 is Superintendent, was built in 1887, with a 
 capacity of 650,000 bushels, and Elevator B, in 
 1890, having a capacity of 700,000 bushels and 
 capable of handling one hundred cars daily. 
 They are operated by George A. Seaverns, who 
 employs some twenty-five men in their manage- 
 ment. Mr. Weeks was married in 1875 to Miss 
 Mary Ellen Smith, of Chicago, and they have 
 had three children, one of whom died in in- 
 fancy, those now living being Lydia R. and 
 Frederick W. His family are attendants at 
 the St. James Catholic Church, and he is a 
 Republican in politics, taking an active interest 
 in problems relating to good government. 
 
 BERNARD M. WEIDINGER. 
 Bernard M. Weidinger was born in Chicago, 
 January 27, 1868, and educated in the Lincoln 
 public school. After leaving school he com- 
 menced working in 1881 for Shoeneman & Com- 
 pany, continuing until May 1, 1886, when he 
 read law in the office of Sears & Arnd for a 
 year and a half; then went to the firm of Kea- 
 ter & Thompson and Fred Arnd, in criminal 
 law, for another year and a half, during two 
 years of which time he was employed at night 
 in the Chicago Public Library, and for the 
 rest of the time was first copy-holder, and then 
 proof-reader, on the "Chicago Tribune" until 
 1889, after which he embarked in the real-estate 
 and insurance business. He was a candidate 
 for nomination, for the Legislature on the Dem- 
 ocratic ticket, in the old Sixth Senatorial Dis- 
 trict, but since then has confined his attention 
 to the real-estate business. 
 
 NICHOLAS WEINAND, 
 Chief Third Battalion, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was born in Prussia, on Christmas Day, 
 1845, and in early life learned the painter's 
 trade. In 1870 he joined the Fire Department, 
 becoming a member of Huck Hose Company 
 No. 3. He was under command of D. J. Swenie, 
 Captain of the Gund Engine 14, in 1871, and 
 staid with that famous fireman in his battle 
 with the greatest fire in the world's history, 
 when he lost his engine in the cyclone of fire 
 at the corner of West Van Buren and Canal 
 Streets, but saved an entire block with an out- 
 side engine by drawing water from the river. 
 The Water Works had then been burned. 
 Weinand and his family lost everything they 
 had except their lives, character and old 
 clothes. In 1885 Weinand was promoted to a 
 Captaincy on Engine 27, and October 1, 1894, 
 was advanced to Chief of the Third Battalion, 
 a position which (1904) he still holds. He has 
 had many narrow escapes during his long expe- 
 rience as a fireman, and was severely injured 
 at the fire at the old Journal office, on Dear- 
 
1022 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 born Street, and also at the National Theater 
 on Clybourn Avenue. He is always ready to 
 respond whenever and wherever duty calls. 
 
 CHRISTIAN WELFLIN. 
 Christian Welflin (deceased), Wheeling, 111., 
 was born in Alsace, France (now Germany), 
 September 13, 1845, the son of Christian Welflin, 
 also a native of Alsace. Mr. Welflin came to 
 America with his father and sister, arriving at 
 Chicago on March 1, 1854. His father enlisted 
 at the beginning of the Civil War in Company 
 K, Thirteenth Illinois Volunteers (Col. Wyman's 
 regiment), serving from 1861 to 1865, and died 
 of yellow fever in Memphis, Tenn., June 27, 
 1869. The son learned the harness trade in 
 Chicago, afterwards worked for some time in 
 Memphis, but in 1874 came to Wheeling and 
 established himself in the harness business 
 there. On September 9, 1880, he was married 
 to Mrs. Goodlobin Armbruster (widow), of 
 Wheeling, and has four children: Minnie, Ed- 
 ward. Frank and Flora. After his marriage 
 he went into the Chicago House, at Wheeling, 
 remaining until his retirement in July, 1893. 
 In his later years he occupied a pleasant home 
 just across the DesPlaines River and outside 
 of the village corporation. Mr. Welflin died in 
 1901. 
 
 GEORGE W. WELLER, 
 Captain of Engine No. 80, Chicago Fire De- 
 partment, was born in Chicago, July 18, 1842, 
 and educated in the public schools. After leav- 
 ing school he worked for his father at render- 
 ing works; later sold ice, and also worked for 
 the Steele-Wedeles Company, wholesale grocers, 
 and other parties until August, 1870, when he 
 joined the Chicago Fire Department, and was 
 assigned to Engine No. 4 as driver; was next 
 transferred as driver for Marshal Walters, then 
 for Petrie, and later to Truck 4, and made 
 truckman by Chief Williams. After returning 
 from the Saturday night fire of October 7, 
 1871, and before eating supper, the bell struck 
 an alarm for the Sunday night fire, of October 
 8, 1871, and Captain Weller immediately re- 
 sponded and worked for thirty-six hours fight- 
 ing the "Great Blaze" of that date. He was 
 promoted to Lieutenant and assigned to En- 
 gine 16, in September, 1885; next was promoted 
 to Captain and transferred to Truck 18, January 
 3. 1890, by Chief Swenie; and then to Hook and 
 Ladder Company No. 20 on the 12th day of 
 December, 1891, where he remained some ten 
 years. Captain Weller is now (1904) doing 
 duty In charge of Engine No. 80. He is one 
 of the firemen from "wayback," having served 
 in the volunteer fire department as "torch boy" 
 on engine "Wide- .\ wake" No. 12, in 1857, and 
 having remained with the volunteer service un- 
 til its place was taken l)y the paid fire depart- 
 ment. Mis father was foreman of a fire com- 
 pany, and two brothers were also members ot 
 the same rb'parlment. Captain Weller has had 
 many narrow escapcB, and made several res- 
 riioH, aHHlRted l)y his company; was once serloug- 
 
 ly hurt by having his hip broken and several 
 ribs fractured. He married Miss Louisa Ebert, 
 in Chicago, and two daughters, Carrie and 
 Emma, have been born to them. 
 
 HIRAM S. WENNER, 
 Superintendent of the Grand Crossing Elevator, 
 Seventy-seventh Street and Illinois Central 
 track, was born in Allentown, Pa., February 8, 
 1859, being descended from a family who were 
 farmers. On leaving the paternal home he went 
 to Cleveland, Ohio, where he spent some time 
 learning the milling trade, but in 1885 came 
 to Chicago, when he became manager of the 
 Chicago Cereal Mill, remaining there until 1893. 
 He then formed the connection with the Grand 
 Crossing Elevator, which has continued ever 
 since. The building was originally used as a 
 barbed wire factory, but was later converted 
 by J. S. Stevens into an elevator, which had 
 a capacity of about 50,000 bushels, and was 
 capable of receiving 10,000 bushels per day. 
 Mr. Wenner became the successor of F. H. 
 Mealiff in 1896 when he took charge of the 
 building and continued to operate it until 
 August, 1903, when the building was destroyed 
 by fire. Mr. Wenner then assumed the manage- 
 ment of the adjoining building (known as the 
 Chicago Cereal Mills) which he converted into 
 a grain elevator, with a storage capacity of 
 100,000 bushels and a working capacity of 20,000 
 bushels per day. During the winter of 1903-04 
 Mr. Wenner installed the machinery in the new 
 Grand Crossing Elevator which he set in opera- 
 tion in March, 1904. In 1889 he was married 
 to Miss Miriam L. Tinsley, daughter of J. W. 
 Tinsley, and of this union there have been born 
 five children: Dorothea E., Charles W., Miriam 
 L., Alfred T. and J. Milton. Fraternally, Mr. 
 Wenner is a member of the Independent Order 
 of Odd Fellows and the Columbian Knights, 
 and in politics an Independent. 
 
 FRANKLIN WHITCOMB. 
 Franklin Whitcomb, brick and tile manu- 
 facturer, DesPlaines, Cook County, 111., was 
 born in Jefferson County, N. Y., in 1830, the son 
 of Moses and Lucy (Pike) Whitcomb — the 
 former a native of Connecticut, born in 1787, 
 and the latter of Salem, Mass., born in 1796. 
 Mr. Whitcomb arrived in Chicago, September 
 27, 1845, and for the following six years was 
 employed in ship-yards during the winter and 
 upon the lakes during the summer. In 1851 
 he located at Niles, 111., where he engaged in 
 building and contracting until 1863, when he 
 removed to Park Ridge. Here he remained five 
 years, being foreman of the pressed brick de- 
 partment of Penny & Meacham, for four years, 
 and in the building business one year. He then 
 (1808) established himself in the brick-manu- 
 facturing business at DesPlaines, using a ma> 
 chine known as the "Intermediate Wonder," 
 with a capacity of 30,000 brick per day. In 
 1883 he added a tile manufactory to his works, 
 and employs some twenty hands in the mak- 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1023 
 
 ing of brick and tile, and the sale of lime, hair, 
 stucco and cement, his sales being divided be- 
 tween the local and city trade. On October 
 15, 1856, Mr. Whitcomb was married in the 
 Town of Maine to Elizabeth Jones, daughter 
 of Evan and Ann Jones, and has three chil- 
 dren living: Mary, Elda and George M. In 
 politics Mr. Whitcomb is a Republican, and has 
 held the office of Town Trustee and member of 
 the School Board for a number of years. 
 
 ALBERT G. WHITNEY. 
 Albert G. Whitney, attorney and author, was 
 born near Mt. Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, May 
 3, 1847; was educated in the public schools and 
 at Vermilion Institute, and after leaving the 
 Vermilion Institute, taught public schools for 
 a time in Ohio and Illinois. In 1872 he was 
 admitted to the bar in Keosauqua, Iowa, and 
 then went to Champaign, 111., where he was a 
 teacher in mathematics in the Illinois Indus- 
 trial University; later was Principal of the pub- 
 lic school at Salem, 111., for eight months. He 
 then practiced law in Champaign until he came 
 to Chicago, in 1900, where he continued his 
 profession. He is the author of "Rights of 
 Railway and Street Companies," etc. Mr. Whit- 
 ney was married in Champaign, 111., to Miss 
 Elnora Radebaugh, on November 9, 1871, and 
 five children have been born of this union. 
 
 SAMUEL A. WIGHT. 
 
 This distinguished member of the Chicago 
 bar, who has been for fifteen years one of 
 Chicago's honored citizens, was born in Cuya- 
 hoga County. Ohio, May 16, 1854, and when 
 but a year old was brought by his parents to 
 Hillsdale, Mich., where he received a liberal 
 education at the city's high school and at Hills- 
 dale College. In after years he also took a 
 special post-graduate course at the Chicago Col- 
 lege of Law. After graduating at Hillsdale, 
 he was appointed, in September, 1876, Superin- 
 tendent of the public schools at North Adams, 
 Mich. On leaving that place he went first to 
 Grand Rapids, where he read law in the office 
 of James E. Wilson, and was admitted to prac- 
 tice on April 30, 1880. Two years later he re- 
 moved to Detroit, to accept the position of 
 freight claim-adjuster for the Detroit, Grand 
 Haven & Milwaukee Railroad. The absorption 
 of this line into the Grand Trunk System, in 
 1885, threw Mr. Wight out of office, and he 
 came at once to Chicago, where he has ever 
 since carried on the practice of his profession 
 with distinguished success. At first he entered 
 the office of Hon. John P. Altgeld, but has since 
 found other quarters, going first to the Chicago 
 Opera House and subsequently to the Fort Dear- 
 born building. 
 
 His specialties are corporation law and the 
 management of estates, in which two impor- 
 tant branches of legal lore he admittedly has 
 no superior. He is general counsel for im- 
 portant corporations in Chicago, Boston, Phila- 
 delphia and Troy, N. Y., and is legal adviser 
 
 for, and general manager of, many large es- 
 tates. He has been employed in much heavy 
 litigation, and is always an indefatigable 
 worker on behalf of his clients, never spar- 
 ing himself. In the important case of Edwin 
 L. Johnson vs. B. V. Page Company, which he 
 fought to a successful conclusion in the Fed- 
 eral courts, and in which he represented the 
 defense, he personally attended the taking of 
 testimony at Atlanta, Ga. ; San Francisco; Day- 
 ton, O., and Memphis, Tenn. Another case of 
 great moment in which he was retained, and 
 which he also won, was that of The People's 
 Bank of Waseca vs. the Columbia Oil Company. 
 A case involving the validity of a will dispos- 
 ing of a large estate in Philadelphia, the trial 
 and taking of testimony in which occupied four 
 months, at the date of writing this sketch is 
 held under advisement by the court. 
 
 Mr. Wight has a wide circle of friends, who 
 hold him in high esteem, alike for his high 
 intellectual and his many admirable social 
 qualities. 
 
 ROBERT B. WILCOX, 
 Engineer in charge of Intercepting Sewers, 
 Chicago, was born in Chicago, October 11, 1867, 
 attended the Skinner public school and West 
 Division High School, from which he grad- 
 uated in 1884. He then attended the University 
 of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, for two years, and 
 later Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., grad- 
 uating from the latter in 1890. He then en- 
 tered the engineering department of the Chi- 
 cago & Northwestern Railroad Company, and 
 later, the engineering department of the 
 Sanitary District of Chicago, remaining one 
 year. He resigned, and in 1892 was appointed 
 by John Ericson, Assistant Engineer, as his 
 assistant for Hyde Park Tunnel. When Mr. 
 Ericson was made Principal Engineer, Mr. Wil- 
 cox was appointed engineer in charge of tunnel 
 construction, and later had charge of the con- 
 struction of Lake View Tunnel, and then of 
 the extension of the Sixty-eighth Street Tunnel, 
 making in all six years as engineer in charge 
 of tunnel construction for the city. In 1898 he 
 was appointed Superintendent for the construc- 
 tion of the Cleveland, Ohio, Water-Works Tun- 
 nel, continuing for one year, when he resigned 
 and was appointed in March, 1899, Engineer in 
 charge of Harbors for Chicago, being next 
 transferred to the position of Engineer in 
 charge of Construction of the Thirty-ninth 
 Street Intercepting Sewer. 
 
 Mr. Wilcox is a member of the Chicago 
 Athletic and Illinois Clubs and of Western So- 
 ciety of Engineers. By the faithful discharge 
 of the arduous duties imposed upon him, he 
 has proved himself worthy of the confidence 
 placed in him by his employers. 
 
 GEORGE TITUS WILLIAMS. 
 The quiet, uneventful lives of successful busi- 
 ness men. who win their way to the front 
 through earnest effort and painstaking fidelity 
 to every trust, are often more instructive than 
 
1024 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 are the stones of the achievements of great 
 generals or statesmen. Patient toil may some- 
 times count for more than valor, and rugged, 
 unvarying integrity brings to its possessor 
 what is worth more than fame. These reflec- 
 tions are suggested by the long and useful life 
 of George Titus Williams, who passed from 
 earth, honored and beloved, on September 30, 
 1891. His father, William D. Williams, and his 
 mother, whose maiden name was Margaret 
 Lossing, were both natives of Union Vale, 
 Dutchess County, N. Y., where he too was 
 born. May 2, 1825. He was educated at Willett's 
 Academy, and after graduation settled on a 
 farm in his native town, where he devoted him- 
 self to the rearing of blooded horses. In this 
 he was very successful, and in 1854 he sold to 
 James B. Clay, of Kentucky, the famous "Mam- 
 brina Chief," for $4,000, a higher price than 
 any paid for a stallion in this country prior to 
 that time. In 1866 Mr. Williams disposed of 
 his farm to accept the appraisership of the 
 Dutchess & Columbia, the New York & New 
 Haven and other Eastern railroad companies. 
 The responsible duties attaching to these posi- 
 tions he discharged with pronounced fidelity 
 and skill for three years, when he determined 
 to remove to Chicago. It was in June, 1869, 
 that he arrived, and at once entered the em- 
 ploy of the Stock Yards and Transit Company 
 as purchasing agent. Later he was made Super- 
 intendent, but in 1888 resigned that office, to 
 resume his former position, from which he was 
 called three years later, by death. 
 
 Mr. Williams was widely popular and was 
 much loved by his friends for his many noble 
 qualities of mind and heart. Although always 
 averse to holding public office, he consented to 
 serve as Justice of the Peace in the Town of 
 Lake, for eight years, commanding universal 
 respect through his shrewd sense, keen sagacity 
 and absolute fairness. 
 
 Mrs. Williams and three of their four chil- 
 dren survived him. Her maiden name was 
 Phoebe Underbill, and they were married at La- 
 Grange, N. Y., in December, 1847. The surviv- 
 ing children are named Jesse L., Henry J., and 
 Mary. Another son, George H., died at the age 
 of thirteen years. 
 
 JESSE L. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Jesse L. Williams, wei^hmaster at Division 
 D, Union Stock Yards & Transit Company, son 
 of George Titus and Phopbe (Underbill) Wil- 
 liams, was born in Union Vale, N. Y., January 
 31, 1849, and educated in the district schools 
 and at Bryant & Stratton's Business College, 
 Poughkef'psie, N. Y. After leaving school he 
 camf to Chicago, and commenced work for the 
 Union Stock Yard & Transit Company, Juno 3, 
 18C9, and has o<-cupin(l several responsible posl- 
 tloHH with the Company continuously until the 
 prfsent time. He was married to Rachel Wig- 
 KlfKWorth In Chicago, December 11, 1873, and 
 four children have been born to them, three of 
 whom are now living: lola, Ethel and Jessie. 
 
 George T., an only son, died August 26, 1877. 
 Mr. Williams has stood by the interests of Chi- 
 cago and the Union Stock Yard & Transit Com- 
 pany, and by his faithful attention to his many 
 duties and his pleasant, accommodating ways, 
 has won a host of friends. 
 
 ROBERT A. WILLIAMS, 
 "Pioneer" Fireman, ex-Chief Marshal Chicago 
 Fire Department, was born in Ormstown, Can- 
 ada, June 25, 1827, and educated in the district 
 schools. After learning the trade of a black- 
 smith in Lachine, Canada, he came to Chicago, 
 April 1, 1848, and worked at his trade for a 
 Mr. Stevens until the latter sold out, when he 
 went to Janesville, Wis.; was next employed by 
 Asa Pierce, wagon and plow-maker, and then 
 by Henry Witbeck & Co., remaining several 
 years, and later by A. E. Bishop, after the lat- 
 ter had bought the Witbeck interest. In 1858 
 he became Captain of the Fire Engine "Island 
 Queen," Volunteer Fire Department; was ap- 
 pointed Assistant Marshal by Chief Marshal 
 U. P. Harris, in 1867, and received the appoint- 
 ment of Chief Fire Marshal in 1868, serving 
 in that capacity until 1873. In the big fire of 
 October 8, 1871, a mistake was made in giving 
 the alarm, and the firemen lost time while lo- 
 cating the fire. Some of the engines belonging 
 to that district were delayed in consequence, 
 which prevented them from arriving in season 
 to extinguish the original fire. Had they ar- 
 rived with their usual promptness, there would 
 have been no great Chicago fire at that time. 
 Chief Williams fought the blaze with his usual 
 tenacity, and fell back only when driven from 
 his position by the intensity of the heat. Since 
 his retirement from the Fire Department he 
 has occupied several positions of trust. Chief 
 Williams was married to Miss Harriet L. Yaple, 
 at Adrian, Mich., December 31, 1854. 
 
 HENRY J. WILLING. 
 
 While the successful merchant, as such, does 
 not usually occupy so conspicuous a place in the 
 eye of the world as the eminent professional 
 man, or as he who is prominent in public af- 
 fairs, the duties of his calling are no less ardu- 
 ous and exacting, demanding the highest order 
 of organizing talent and constant watchfulness 
 of the trend of events as well as financial 
 skill. These are the traits exhibited by Mr. 
 Henry J. Willing throughout a long and suc- 
 cessful business career in Chicago, extending 
 over a period of more than thirty years. 
 
 Mr. Willing was born at AVestfield, Chau- 
 tauqua County, N. Y., July 10, 1836, and died at 
 Jefferson, N. H., September 28, 1903. The death 
 of his father, Samuel Willing, when the son 
 was but seven years old, left the responsibility 
 of nurture and training of Henry J. upon liis 
 mother, whoso maiden name was Mary Jane 
 Maylome. She was of Huguenot descent and 
 by both character and education well fitted for 
 the task. Three years after the death of the 
 elder Mr. Willing, the family removed to Chi- 
 
HISTORICAL EN'CYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1025 
 
 cago, and Henry, at the age of ten years, entered 
 the small dry-goods store of U. P. Harris, later 
 receiving his business education in the estab- 
 lishments of Thomas B. Carter & Company, and 
 Cooley, Farwell & Company. He spent eight 
 years in the former and fourteen in the latter, 
 passing through all the subordinate grades of 
 clerkship. He was next tendered a responsible 
 position in the house of Field, Leiter & Com- 
 pany, and not long after his acceptance, was 
 admitted to the firm as a junior partner. At this 
 time his capital was comparatively small, being 
 the accumulations of years of patient industry 
 and economical living; but he possessed an ex- 
 perience, tact and skill which proved of more 
 value than his money capital. Upon the retire- 
 ment of Mr. Leiter, Mr. Willing's responsibility 
 greatly increased, and it is not too much to say 
 that, to his sagacity, prudence and good judg- 
 ment is due, in no small degree, the phenomenal 
 success attained by the house. Thirteen years 
 of unremitting application to business, joined 
 to the heavy burden of responsibility resting 
 upon his shoulders, began to impair Mr. Will- 
 ing's health, and in 1883, satisfied with the hand- 
 some fortune which he had amassed, he dis- 
 posed of his interest in the business which he 
 had so greatly aided in building up, and retired. 
 
 He was a man of broad, enlightened public 
 spirit, and in private life he found his chief 
 pleasure in works of benevolence and philan- 
 thropy. He adhered to the religious faith 
 inculcated by his pious, prayerful mother, and 
 for twenty-five years, was a Presbyterian 
 elder, first in the Second Church of that denomi- 
 nation and afterwards in the Fourth. He was 
 also a director of the Presbyterian Hos- 
 pital, and a Trustee of the Northwestern (now 
 the McCormick) Theological Seminary, as well 
 as Vice-President of the Young Men's Christian 
 Association, and a director of the Chicago Home 
 for Incurables. To all these charities, as well 
 as to many others, he was a liberal and regu- 
 lar contributor. 
 
 A pressure of business cares did not pre- 
 vent Mr. Willing from cultivating his taste 
 for art and literature. He served in the 
 directorate of the Art Institute, and was a 
 member of both the Chicago and American His- 
 torical Societies, as well as of the American 
 Archaeological Society, and a Trustee of the 
 Newberry Library; also maintained a member- 
 ship in most of Chicago's leading social clubs, 
 including the Union League and a number of 
 others. He was also identified with the Citi- 
 zens' League, which he warmly supported, both 
 financially and morally. Politically he was a 
 Republican, but in 1889 was elected a member 
 of the first Board of Drainage Trustees upon a 
 non-partisan ticket. 
 
 Mr. Willing was married in 1870 to Miss 
 Frances Skinner, a daughter of the Hon. Mark 
 Skinner; the issue of this union being two 
 children: Evelyn Pierrepont and Mark Skin- 
 ner. Mr. and Mrs. Willing spent much of 
 their time in the latter years of his life 
 
 abroad, traveling extensively through Europe. 
 
 EDWARD WILLMANN. 
 
 Edward Willmann, city bridge engineer, was 
 born in Lofoten, Norway, December 28, 1863, 
 attended a private school and later graduated 
 from Bergen Technical College, Bergen, Nor- 
 way, in 1883, and at the Royal Polytechnic High 
 School at Dresden, Germany, in 1885. After 
 spending some time as an apprentice in the 
 machine shops and foundries at Goerlitz, Ger- 
 many, in June, 1887, he came to America and 
 going to St. Paul, Minn., was employed for eight 
 months in the bridge department of the Chi- 
 cago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, then 
 for two and one-half years by the Chicago, St. 
 Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad Company,* 
 and still later for thirteen months at Pittsburg 
 in the detail department of the Shifiler Bridge 
 Company. In 1892 he was employed by the 
 Commissioners of the World's Columbian 
 Exposition as designer, but in 1893 became asso- 
 ciated with the Sanitary District of Chicago as 
 assistant bridge engineer, remaining in that 
 position six years, during which he had 
 charge of all the bridge designing and con- 
 structing. In May, 1899, City Engineer Ericson 
 appointed him City Bridge Engineer, which 
 position he still holds with great credit to him- 
 self and the city, proving conclusively that he 
 is well fitted for the discharge of its responsible 
 duties. 
 
 JAMES E. WILSON. 
 
 James E. Wilson has been, for nearly thirty 
 years, identified with the live-stock commission 
 business at the Union Stock Yards, for six years 
 in a subordinate capacty, and for more than 
 twenty years on his own account. Essentially 
 the builder of his own fortunes, his success has 
 come to him as the well-earned reward of his 
 own energy, perseverance and hard work. He 
 was born at New Hampton, N. H., June 19, 1845, 
 and educated in the public schools and an 
 academy of his native place. His school days 
 ended, he learned the business of a druggist at 
 Lowell, Mass., and remained in that city until 
 in 1862, when he enlisted in Company C, of the 
 Sixth Massachusetts Infantry. Ill-health com- 
 pelling him to leave the service in 1863, he 
 resumed his occupation as a druggist, and after 
 a year spent at Worcester, Mass., and another 
 in New York City, he came to Chicago in 1865. 
 He here entered the employ of the wholesale 
 drug-house of J. H. Reed & Company, and from 
 1870 until 1873 was engaged in the same line of 
 business in London, Ohio. After returning to 
 Chicago in 1873, he entered the employ of H. E. 
 Mallory & Brother, at the Stock Yards, as 
 cashier, and after six years began business for 
 himself. His affability, courtesy and business 
 capacity have won for him many friends. 
 
 WILLIAM C. WILSON. 
 William C. Wilson is one of the most 
 esteemed, successful and influential members of 
 the Chicago bar. His paternal grandfather, 
 
I026 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Thomas Wilson, was a native of Dublin, Ire- 
 land, and his father, Thomas H., was born in 
 Butler County, Penn. His mother, Mary Neal, 
 was a native of Ohio, the daughter of Thomas 
 Neal, of Maryland. Mr. Wilson was born at 
 Sidney, Ohio, February 28, 1836, and educated 
 at Fort Wayne (Indiana) College. He is a 
 Democrat in politics, and has been repeatedly 
 requested to accept public office; yet the only 
 nomination which he has ever accepted was for 
 a seat on the bench of the Superior Court, being 
 a candidate on the Prohibition ticket. In recent 
 years he has confined his legal practice to real 
 estate law, upon which he is regarded as 
 authority. In religious faith Mr. Wilson is a 
 Methodist. On December 1, 1869, he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Anna E. Fussey, of Chicago. Their 
 four children are named: John H., Walter W., 
 Frederick H., and Catherine V. Their home is 
 at Evanston. 
 
 JOHN C. WINDHEIM. 
 Captain, Engine No. 64, Chicago Fire Depart- 
 ment, was educated in the Walsh and Foster 
 public schools, and after leaving school, was 
 engaged in the teaming business until he joined 
 the Fire Department, July 2, 1886, on Engine No. 
 23. His subsequent changes included transfer 
 to Engine 15, to Engine 40, and to Truck 14; 
 promotion to Lieutenant in 1892 and transfer 
 to Engine 41 ("Geyser") and to Truck 14; pro- 
 motion to Captain, April 15, 1897, and transfer 
 to Truck 5; to Engine 82 October 6, 1900, and 
 to Engine 64 December 1, 1900, where he still 
 remains. He has had many narrow escapes, 
 and has been slightly injured, but has not had 
 any bones broken and is ready for any call, 
 either of duty or danger. 
 
 B. H. WINKELMAN. 
 B. H. Winkelman, DesPlaines, Cook County, 
 111., is a native of DesPlaines, where he was 
 born in 1862. In 1883, at the age of twenty-one 
 years, he was married in his native town to 
 Miss Olivia Golde, and has continued to make 
 his home there. By occupation he is a general 
 merchant, deals also in wines, liquors and 
 cigars, as well as grains and sprouts, and is 
 agent for the Standard Brewery and for the 
 sale of farm implements, carriages, buggies, etc. 
 He has four children: Albert, Ida, Haltie and 
 Phttibe. In religion he is an Episcopalian, and 
 in politics stands by the principles of the Repub- 
 lican party. 
 
 ENEAS ARTHUR WOOD. 
 
 In the death of Mr. E. A. Wood, which occur- 
 red on February 15, 1897, his business associates 
 lost a sage counsellor, the ci(y of Chicago, a 
 citizen of enlightened public si)irit and blame- 
 less life, and the church, an active, iirayerful 
 member and liberal supporter. His unwearying 
 energy was eqiialfd l)y his unfailing integrity, 
 while his charity was in thorough consonance 
 with hl.H unselfish spirit. 
 
 Mr. Woo<l was born at Embro, Oxford County, 
 
 Canada, February 4, 1842, and received a com- 
 mon school education. In November, 1863, he 
 came to Chicago, and began working for W. M. 
 Tilden, at the old Bull Head Stock Yards, as a 
 buyer of hogs. He supplemented his training 
 at school by an evening course at Bryant & 
 Stratton's Business College, remaining there 
 but a short time, and going thence in May, 1868, 
 to join his brother James in Atchison County, 
 Mo., where they successfully conducted a ranch 
 until 1873. In that year the two brothers came 
 to Chicago, the senior members therein being 
 two others brothers, Samuel E., and John H. 
 Mr. E. A. Wood continued a member of this 
 well known firm until his death. Familiarly 
 known about the yards as "Ney" (derived from 
 his rather uncommon name of Eneas) he was 
 for nearly a quarter of a century a conspicuous 
 local figure, and one of the most prominent and 
 successful merchants upon the Live-Stock 
 Exchange, where no man enjoyed in a higher 
 degree the unqualified respect of his fellow 
 members. His interest in education was keen 
 and strong, and for several years he was Presi- 
 dent of the School Board in the First District 
 of the old Town of Lake. His public spirit 
 was broad and never flagged. No worthy charity 
 appealed to him in vain, and he was promi- 
 nently identified with many enterprises looking 
 to the betterment of humanity. His nature was 
 deeply religious. For some years he was a 
 member of the official board of the Union Ave- 
 nue Methodist Episcopal Church, and later a 
 Trustee of St. James' Church. His practical 
 knowledge of building led to his being made 
 chairman of the building committee of the last 
 named organization, the members of which 
 body have placed a memorial window in the 
 church, in recognition of his services. His pas- 
 tor. Rev. Robert Mclntyre, thus described his 
 character in pronouncing his funeral sermon: 
 "His was a life of devotion, love and service. 
 His was a three-fold nature; diligent in busi- 
 ness, fervent in spirit and devoted to the serv- 
 ice of God. Zealous and not slothful, he was 
 a true Christian father, as well as a clean and 
 upright citizen. As a church member, Mr. 
 Wood was constant in worship, and faithful to 
 his early vows." 
 
 Mr. Wood was a charter member of Mizpah 
 Lodge, A. F. & A. M., a member of Delta Chap- 
 ter, No. 19, R. A. M., and a Sir Knight of Mont- 
 joie Commandery, No. 53. He was married at 
 Phelps City, Mo., December 12, 187], to Miss 
 Hester A. Chambers, and of their seven chil- 
 dren, six are living. Frank L., the eldest son, 
 is connected with the firm of Wood Brothers. 
 
 JAMES WOOD. 
 James Wood is the eldest of the four broth- 
 ers who, at one time, composed the firm of Wood 
 Brothers, doing business at the Union Stock 
 Yards. His life has been one of varied experi- 
 ence, which has both enlarged his native capa- 
 bility for judging nu'u and given him a broad, 
 comprehensive knowledge of affairs. It has 
 
HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1027 
 
 been filled with hard work, yet crowned with 
 success, and through all its varying phases has 
 remained one of unsullied honor. He was born 
 in Morayshire, Scotland, January 16, 1833, and 
 in boyhood was brought to Canada by his par- 
 ents, Alexander and Barbara (McPherson) 
 Wood. After leaving school he served an 
 apprenticeship at the coach builders' trade at 
 London, Canada, in 1856 and 1857 attended the 
 University of Toronto and Knox College, 
 Canada, and in 1858 went to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 where, for a time, he found employment in the 
 shops of the Little Miami Railroad Company. 
 He first came to Chicago in 1864, and at once 
 began business as a live-stock commission mer- 
 chant at the old Fort Wayne Yards, but on the 
 completion of the Union Stock Yards, transfer- 
 red his headquarters thither, on Christmas Day, 
 1865. There he continued in business by him- 
 self for two years, but in 1867 he took a con- 
 tract for building the Union Pacific Railroad. 
 In the spring of 1868 he bought a tract of land 
 in Atchison County, Mo., where he successfully 
 conducted a ranch for five years. In the spring 
 of 1873 he returned to Chicago, once more to 
 engage in business as a dealer in live-stock, this 
 time as a member of the firm of Wood Brothers, 
 composed of himself, Samuel E., John H. and 
 Eneas A. Wood. 
 
 Just as he has won confidence and esteem 
 through his hard sense, sound judgment and 
 unswerving manliness of character as a busi- 
 ness man, so in private life he has made many 
 friends through his genial temperament, un- 
 varying courtesy and kindly disposition. He 
 is a member of Apollo Commandery, K. T., of 
 Chicago Chapter, R. A. M., and was a charter 
 member of Lakeside Lodge, A. F. & A. M. In 
 religious faith he is a Presbyterian, a member 
 of the Forty-first Street Church, Chicago, and 
 has served for many years as one of its Trus- 
 tees. 
 
 Mr. Wood married at Independence, Mo., Feb. 
 9, 1859, Jane Evans, of Brantford, Canada, and 
 of seven children born to them, three have 
 passed away. Those living are: Dr. George A., 
 the eldest son; Walter E., manager of Wood 
 Brothers, South Omaha Branch; Charles A., 
 employed in the Chicago office; and Mrs. Lin- 
 coln M. Coy. 
 
 JOHN H. WOOD. 
 
 The name of Wood is one of the best known 
 and most highly honored at the Union Stock 
 Yards, where many bearers of the patronymic 
 have not only achieved financial success, but 
 have also built up enviable reputations for clear- 
 headedness, sound judgment and sterling moral 
 worth. Among the largest and most prosperous 
 firms at the "Yards," for many years, has been 
 that of Wood Brothers, of which Mr. John H. 
 Wood was one of the organizers, and for many 
 years a member. 
 
 Both his parents, Andrew and Barbara (Mc- 
 Pherson) Wood, were of Scotch nativity, while 
 he himself was born in Embro, Oxford County, 
 
 Canada, on September 21, 1835. At the age of 
 fourteen years he resolved to begin life's battle 
 for himself, and, leaving his father's house, 
 for three months he drove stage on a route of 
 twenty-five miles. He soon perceived, however, 
 that this employment offered little promise for 
 the future, and determined to learn a trade. 
 Going to Brantford, Canada, he served an 
 apprenticeship of three years in carriage-trim- 
 ming. For a year thereafter he worked as jour- 
 neyman for the house which he had served as 
 an apprentice, his skill and fidelity commanding 
 the full confidence of his employers. From 
 Brantford he went to Guelph, and after a short 
 residence there crossed the boundary, and came 
 to what Canadians are fond of designating as 
 "the States," seeking employment. At that 
 time the prevailing high wages had overstocked 
 the labor market, and after traveling from Cin- 
 cinnati to New Orleans, and failing to secure 
 work at his trade, he wheeled coal for a time on 
 the docks at New Orleans for two dollars and 
 fifty cents per day, his fellow-laborers being 
 negro slaves. From New Orleans he went to 
 Medina, N. Y., where he bought an unfinished 
 livery stable and carriage shop, the material for 
 which, with the pluck and enterprise of a true 
 Chicagoan, he shipped to Chicago. From 1859 
 until 1861 he conducted a large stable at the 
 corner of Kinzie Street and LaSalle Avenue, 
 where it was his custom to furnish conveyances 
 for such magnates as S. W. Allerton, W. M. Til- 
 den and Peter Nottingham, on their early morn- 
 ing trips to the Stock Yards. In 1861 he dis- 
 posed of his livery business, to enter the employ 
 of W. M. Tilden as a buyer of hogs at the Fort 
 Wayne Yards, retaining that position for four 
 years. He then entered upon the live-stock 
 commission business for himself, and from this 
 beginning ultimately developed the great house 
 of Wood Brothers. In 1880 he withdrew from 
 the firm, preferring to carry on business alone. 
 Mr. Wood's domestic life has been exception- 
 ally happy. It was on January 15, 1856, that 
 he married Mary McDonald, at Brantford, 
 Canada, who became the mother of his eight 
 children. Of this family only four are living: 
 James, William, John E. and Hazel Viola, who 
 became Mrs. J. F. Kirkendall, July 3, 1898. Mr. 
 Wood is a cordial host, and his pleasant home 
 is always a center for refined gatherings. Gen- 
 erous to a fault towards his friends, he is liberal 
 to the poor and a generous contributor to both 
 public and private charities. An earnest advo- 
 cate of temperance, the Women's Christian 
 Temperance Union and their numerous reform 
 clubs, find in him a zealous and liberal sup- 
 porter. 
 
 SAMUEL E. WOOD. 
 Samuel E. Wood is one of the veteran stock 
 dealers at the Union Stock Yards, where he has 
 been actively and successfully engaged in busi- 
 ness for twenty-five years. He was born at 
 Embro, Oxford County, Canada, July 27, 1838, 
 and began the study of medicine in Canada, 
 
I02S 
 
 HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 completing his professional course at Oberlin 
 College, Ohio, graduating from that institution 
 in 1S60. He practiced at Edgerton, Ohio, until 
 1863, when he enlisted in Company E., Eighty- 
 Sixth Ohio Infantry, receiving a First Lieuten- 
 ant's commission by virtue of election by his 
 comrades. After receiving his discharge he 
 came to Chicago in June, 1865, and practiced 
 medicine for a year. In 1866 he received and 
 accepted a proposal from the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Railroad Company to become its live-stock agent 
 at the Union Stock Yards. The following year 
 he organized the firm of Wood Brothers, whose 
 reputation is now co-extensive with the conti- 
 nent. Associated with him were his three 
 brothers, John H., James and Eneas A. The 
 principal place of business of the firm is in 
 Chicago, with branches at South Omaha and 
 Sioux City. 
 
 Mr. Wood had long been a recognized leader 
 in the trade. Because of his previous profess- 
 ional training and practice, his familiar asso- 
 ciates on the Exchange and at the yards are 
 fond of calling him "Doc," the employment of 
 this familiar sobriquet being one of the minor 
 evidences of his general popularity. Few men 
 have been more liberally endowed by nature 
 with all that goes to constitute a perfectly 
 rounded character, mental and moral sagacity, 
 joined to integrity and honor. Owners of farms 
 and ranches scattered over a dozen Western 
 States know his name as a synonym for never 
 failing probity and scrupulous fidelity to every 
 business obligation. 
 
 Mr. Wood is a consistent and influential mem- 
 ber of the Second Presbyterian Church and a 
 liberal contributor to its support and the 
 advancement of its interests. He is also a mem- 
 ber of Abraham Lincoln Post, No. 91, Grand 
 Army Republic, and of the Loyal Legion of the 
 United States, Commandery of Illinois. 
 
 Mrs. Wood's maiden name was Mary E. 
 Strough. They were married at Edgarton, 
 Ohio, November 23, 1860, shortly after the Doc- 
 tor's graduation from Oberlin. They are the 
 parents of a son, Samuel K., who is the general 
 attorney for the National Packing Company, 
 and a daughter, Mrs. John E. Dean. 
 
 HORACE HARRIS YATES. 
 Horace Harris Yates was born to Thomas and 
 Olive (RawHon) Yates, February 25, 1815, in the 
 town of Benton adjoining the city of Geneva, N. 
 Y. The grandfathf-r Rawson served in the War 
 of the revolution and an uncle, Ely Rawson, and 
 hl.s father, each had the glorious opportunity to 
 serve their country In the War of 1812. In 181G 
 his parents moved from Benton to Bennington, 
 N. Y.. and here the happy days of earliest 
 childhood were spent. At the age of seven 
 years, Horace was left an orphan, finding a 
 home with his maternal uncle, Abner Rawson, 
 who roKlded at Walworth, near Rochester, N. 
 Y. Here his education was .s(!cured, and 
 here he labored at agricultural pursuits, or 
 drove his uncle's horses on the tow-path of the 
 
 old Erie Canal — not an unpleasant task all 
 things considered. Having thus early become 
 an orphan, he was separated in early life from 
 a sister, four brothers and two half-brothers; 
 and yet his youth does not seem to have been 
 a lonely one, and we find him yet an inmate of 
 his uncle's home when he had achieved his 
 majority. In 1835 he went to Michigan, but 
 only remained in that State one year, returning 
 to New York State and locating at Attica, 
 where, for a period of two years, he conducted 
 a grocery store. Growing desirous of a change, 
 however, at the end of another two years he 
 went to Chicago, and for twelve months worked 
 for his half-brother, Thomas Church, who was 
 proprietor of a provision store. 
 
 In 1839 Mr. Yates married Mary Robinson, of 
 Wattsburgh, Pa., and returning to Chicago, es- 
 tablished himself in business there, settling at 
 ' length on Clark Street, one hundred feet south 
 of Lake Street, where he sold the first goods 
 ever sold south of Lake Street. He chose the 
 grocery business as his line of work, but later 
 moved his stock to the West Side, corner of 
 Canal and Randolph Streets, which property 
 still belongs to his estate. In 1849 Mr. Yates 
 chose to reside on the West Side of Chicago, on 
 Peoria Street between Randolph and Washing- 
 ton, and there he spent the remainder of his 
 life. Here his three children, Henry, Martha 
 and George, were born; and here, in 1854, Henry 
 and George died. 
 
 Mr. Yates was always passionately fond of 
 fine horses and has owned «nd driven some 
 very fine specimens. Politically he was a Re- 
 publican and his sympathies were ever strong 
 with this party. He was a member of the First 
 Congregational Church and extended his aid in 
 all good works undertaken by this organiza- 
 tion. His first wife having died, he was united 
 in marriage, in 1853, to Miss Kliza Selkregg, of 
 North East, Pa., and four children came to 
 gladden their home: Edward Payson, Alice. 
 Lily and Lennie. Alice and Lily both died in 
 infancy, and the son, Edward, at Colorado 
 Springs, August 29, 1900. 
 
 Not content with resting on his past achieve- 
 ments, even in his later years, Mr. Yates at- 
 tended to his business with the vigor of early 
 manhood. He was interested in all that per- 
 tains to the city's growth, and carefully served 
 all interests intrusted to his care. Mr. Yates 
 died November 9, 1904, and his daughter 
 (Mrs. M. S. Chatterton), January 21, 1905. 
 
 FRANK WALTER YOUNG. 
 Frank Walter Young (deceased), lawyer, was 
 born at Youngs Point, near Peterborough, On- 
 tario, Canada, February 17, 1834, the son of 
 John and Johanna (Ives) Young. His father 
 was the owner and manager of a large estate 
 In Canada. His mother, inspired by a strong 
 devotion to her children and an ambition for 
 a higher education than Ihoy could ho))e to 
 attain in a small Canadian town. Induced her 
 husband to remove to the United States. The 
 
'oU^ 
 
HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 1029 
 
 first settlement of the family was made, at 
 Rochester, N. Y., but two years later they re- 
 moved to Chicago, where the subject of this 
 sketch, being then nine years of age, spent the 
 remainder of his life and achieved all his suc- 
 cesses. The paternal grandfather of Frank W. 
 Young, in early manhood, was an officer in the 
 British Army, but having fallen in love with 
 the daughter of Harrington Blackball, and the 
 parents on both sides having objected to their 
 marriage, the youthful pair renounced their 
 faith in the Church of England and united with 
 the Catholic Church, in order that they might 
 secure their heart's desire of a union for life. 
 Then, having sold his commission in the army, 
 the ex-officer with his bride came to Canada, 
 where he settled upon a large tract of land 
 near Peterborough, granted to him by the king 
 in recognition of his services to the realm, 
 becoming one of the pioneer settlers in that 
 region, where some of his descendants still 
 live. The place was called Youngs Point in 
 honor of the family name. 
 
 After receiving his early training in the pub- 
 lic schools, Frank W. Young, on coming to 
 Chicago became a student at the old St. Mary's 
 of the Lake School, after which he took up 
 the study of law in the office of Norman B. 
 Judd, where he remained for four years. His 
 health having become impaired, he then spent 
 some time traveling before entering upon the 
 practice of the profession, which he followed 
 thereafter with unremitting zeal and with a suc- 
 cess, as a lawyer and as a man, that won him 
 the highest esteem of the bar and the love and 
 honor of all who knew him best. During his 
 professional career, he was often spoken of as 
 a candidate for Judge on the Democratic ticket, 
 but on three occasions refused the use of his 
 name on grounds of principle, as he was not 
 in harmony with the views of his party on 
 pending questions. He was an extensive 
 traveler throughout the United States, but 
 never outside his adopted country after com- 
 ing from his native Canada. 
 
 Mr. Young took a deep interest in charitable 
 work, being one of the organizers of the Visita- 
 tion and Aid Society, of which notable and ex- 
 cellent organization he was Vice-President and 
 a Director during the last fifteen years of his 
 life. At the request of this society he pre- 
 pared a bill which was the foundation of the 
 present Juvenile Court Law, of which he was 
 a zealous champion; drafted, with recognized 
 legal precision and skill, industrial and manual- 
 training school laws, and was prominently 
 identified with the incorporation of the Catholic 
 charitable institutions in the City of Chicago. 
 He was a member and Vice-President of the 
 St. Vincent de Paul Society and, for over 
 twenty years, also a director of the West Side 
 Bureau of Charities and a regular contributor 
 to many other charitable organizations. In his 
 practice he scrupulously avoided sensational 
 cases and retainers in causes of questionable 
 merit, preferring always to devote his talents 
 
 to the service of clients whose interest could 
 best be served by deep and patient study and 
 the most painstaking and conscientious care. 
 
 On October 4, 1871, Mr. Young was married to 
 Miss Emily Virginia, daughter of Isaac and 
 Elizabeth (Stark) Cochrane of Keokuk, Iowa. 
 On the maternal side her lineage is traced back 
 to the family of Gen. John Stark, of Revolu- 
 tionary fame. Mrs. Young's father belonged to 
 a Southern family who came originally from 
 Scotland and settled at an early day in Ten- 
 nessee, where they became extensive slave-own- 
 ers but, becoming impressed with the injustice 
 of slavery, gave their slaves their freedom. 
 Many of the ex-slaves at first refused to accept 
 the boon, but finally wandered away, except two 
 who remained with the family until their death. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Young had a family of four chil- 
 dren, viz.: Pauline Elizabeth, Eva Maria (who 
 married Robert W. Rau, October 30, 1899), 
 Francis Philip and Inez Catherine (who died 
 July 15, 1889). 
 
 Born and reared a Catholic, Mr. Young was 
 a devout and active member of that church all 
 his life, always loyal, but ever tolerant and 
 charitable towards Christians of different faith. 
 He died after a brief illness on April 7, 1902. 
 He was regarded by those who knew him as an 
 ideal Christian gentleman; refined in taste and 
 manner, kind and devoted as a husband and 
 father, loyal to his friends, independent and 
 uncompromising in his views on questions of 
 private and public equity, benevolent and sym- 
 pathetic in his treatment of the poor and un- 
 fortunate and of an integrity that would never 
 be swerved from the right. 
 
 We quote, in conclusion, from a sketch of 
 Mr. Young, by one with whom he was long and 
 intimately associated: 
 
 "After all, in the true biography of a man. 
 the accidents and incidents of his birth and 
 career are of but minor significance. What 
 a man is, and what his life signifies, are ques- 
 tions of the character and the heart. 
 To a man conscious of ability and power, the 
 allurements of place and influence among men 
 appeal with potent charms and are such as 
 often lead him, while striving for high station, 
 to adopt, in some measure, the false doctrine 
 that, in seeking desired results, the end justi- 
 fies the means. 
 
 "But, standing apart from the ranks of those 
 who, by insistent clamor, seek to obtain atten- 
 tion or preferment, Mr. Young calmly pursued 
 the quiet paths of professional and social life, 
 scorning with his whole soul the shams and 
 pretenses by which so many succeed in winning 
 public applause and positions of honor. 
 
 "If one were to sum up the salient qualities 
 of Mr. Young's character, they might be epit- 
 omized in these: His utter forgetfulness of self- 
 interest when called upon to serve others, either 
 as a friend or as a lawyer; his innate love 
 of right and justice and his inbred hatred of 
 oppression and tyranny in any form, social or 
 spiritual; his quick sympathy for the poor and 
 
1030 
 
 HISTORICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 unfortunate, which always found expression in 
 timely service rendered without ostentation to 
 the full extent of his time and resources. 
 ••"His life was gentle: and the elements 
 So mixed in him, that Nature might stand up 
 And say to all the world, this was a man!' " 
 
 LESTER C. YOUNG. 
 Lester C. Young is one of the younger live- 
 stock commission merchants of the Union 
 Stock Yards, at Chicago, and his brief career 
 is replete with interest, for in that time he 
 has attained a position that others have toiled 
 a life-time to win, and are still farther from the 
 goal than he with his best years before him. 
 Mr. Young was born on a farm near Morris, 
 111., September IS, 1862, and was trained in 
 the public schools for practical life, his after 
 success showing the excellence of his training, 
 AMien he was fifteen years of age he left school 
 and struck out for himself, his first engage- 
 ment being with the Minneapolis Harvester 
 and Binder Company for a year. For two years 
 he was with the Enterprise Carriage Company, 
 of Cincinnati, Ohio, and was then engaged in 
 farming, and in buying and selling live stock 
 and horses for two years. In 1881 he came to 
 Chicago, and was introduced by a friend to Mr, 
 Earl, of the firm of Earl Brothers at the 
 Yards, who engaged his services for the 
 firm at $40 a week, or whatever he might 
 be worth to the house. The first week's en- 
 velope contained ?45, and Mr. Young thought it 
 was a mistake. In the second envelope he 
 found $50, whereupon he called a halt, only to 
 find later that he could make more money work- 
 ing for himself. So he resigned after being 
 with the Earl Brothers for about a year, and. 
 In partnership with W. Evers, founded the firm 
 of W. Evers & Company. This firm was dis- 
 solved at the end of two and a half years, when 
 Mr. Young went into business alone, and has 
 BO continued to the present time, being regard- 
 ed by his associates and friends as a man of 
 great business sagacity and sound judgment, 
 an opinion confirmed by his exceedingly credit- 
 able history. 
 
 GEORGE F. ZANEIS. 
 George F. Zanels, Chicago agent for the Cen- 
 tral Accident Insurance Company, Pittsburg, 
 Fa., was born In Washington, III., October 1, 
 
 1864, and educated in the public schools. For 
 several years after leaving school he was en- 
 gaged in farm work, then held a position in 
 the postoffice at El Paso, 111., for about a year, 
 after which he removed to Bloomington, 111., 
 where he was employed some four years in the 
 dry-goods store of Cole Brothers. Coming to 
 Chicago in 1882, he was employed in Marshall 
 Field & Company's retail store for eight years. 
 He then engaged in the accident insurance 
 business, acting as City Agent for the Star 
 Accident Insurance Company for three years, 
 and for a like period for the North American 
 Insurance Company, after which he became 
 Manager for the State of Illinois of Commer- 
 cial Accident Company, remaining with that 
 concern seven years. At the present time Mr. 
 Zaneis is City Agent for the Central Accident 
 Insurance Company of Pittsburg, Pa. His long 
 connection with the accident insurance business 
 in Chicago attests his qualification for that 
 line of business, and the confidence reposed in 
 him by his employers, while his experience and 
 genial disposition insure for them a satisfac- 
 tory return for his service. Mr. Zaneis has 
 been a member of the Royal League for a num- 
 ber of years; also Secretary of the Adult Bible 
 Class Department of Cook County. 
 
 HENRY J. HAYWARD. 
 
 Henry J. Hay ward (deceased), late attorney- 
 at-law, Chicago, was born at Milford, Mass., 
 in 1842, came to Chicago about 1887 and died 
 in that city October 28, 1901. Mr. Hayward 
 was admitted to the Illinois Bar, March 30, 
 189.4, and during his residence of fourteen 
 years, attained considerable prominence, be- 
 ing for a time counsel for the Citizens' League, 
 besides being identified with numerous public 
 measures. Mr. Hayward's death occurred sud- 
 denly on the date named from heart disease, 
 falling unconsciously to the sidewalk oppo- 
 site 2520 Calumet Avenue, and breathing his 
 last while being taken to Mercy Hospital. His 
 residence was at 3769 Lake Avenue. 
 
 Mr. Hayward was survived by his wife, Mrs. 
 Hattie M. Hayward, and two daughters. Mat- 
 tie F. and Nina H. Mrs. Hayward died in 
 1004. The daughter, Mattie F,, is Mrs. George 
 D. Griffith, of Oak Park, and Nina H. is Mrs, 
 .lohn A. Graham, oi Tallahassee, Fla.