UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Volume ms TH'> PPSOP ~C />r>S B Y Proa mm FINE JEWELRY, PRECIOUS STONES, MILITARY & FANCY GOODS, CLOCKS, BRONZES, REVOLVING PISTOLS, &c., &c. The Trade supplied at the Lowest Wholesale Importing Rates. J. C. CANFIELD. WM. B. CANFIELD. JOS. H. MEREDITH. CANFIELD, BROTHER & CO. 229 BALTIMORE STREET, Head this with and inform y< NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materialsl The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN AUG 2 5 1312 _l trial, result- AUG 1 g 19S2 lit Is confidentlyrecomn Hoarseness, and otli stage, and for the rel entific manner, remt soothing and tonic qui diseases. Price 50 c fCoughs, i an early , in a sci- esides its s class of STAI Is a pleasant mixture known and celebrate tem. In its action, i 'cause at the same tin gatives after its use, i 50 cents a Bottle. The valuable medi ence of some of the n to protect the proprit been made known, c ;nts, long f. the sys- loving the iring pur- id. Price ie experi- necessary •arts have In Maryland, Virgini have approved of th< have ever known for excellence of these . against secret and qu we have received fr< exception, i that they ice in the profession iie notices From Dr. W. H. Gentlemen, — I lii prescribed your £< St torant” and “ Diarr faction to myself, an eases as they profess combinations of son therapeutical agents to the .p^flicted, andl ing the medical pr< concentrated prepar islrafion, and of aj.“ deredthem an eminent service, ana i can ao no less than earnestly recommend these preparations to prac- titioners, and especially in the co.pntrv, where the impurity of commercial Drugs is one of the greatest obstacles to the success of tile Physician. Dr. VV. S. Love writes to us, that he has adminis- tered the expectorant to his wife, who has had the Bronchitis for Jourtcen years, and she is fast reeov - has in a 3 remedies 1 counsel. 1,3/d. pectorant,. lice, I am when first ie I thank iration of L161— 0-1096 Co., 3/d. vt e mil r men,— x u«»c mew nmu; u, *■•£ different Cherry Expectorants, and I do assure you that yours far exceeds any that J have ever tried. From Dr. J. Ridgway Andre, Kingston, Tallot, 3/d. “ Having examined the component parts of ‘ Sta- bler’s Anodyne Cherry Expectorant,’ also of. c Sta- bler’s Diarrhoea Cordial,’ and having need them in practice , I feel no hesitancy in recommending them.” E. H. STABLER & CO., Wholesale Druggists, No. 3 SOUTH CALVERT ST., BALTIMORE. Sold by Merchants and Druggists generally. B WM. B. CANFIELD, JOS. H. MEREDITH. "S y . \ J. C. CANFIELD. CANFIELD, BROTHER & CO. 229 BALTIMORE STREET, FINE JEWELRY, PRECIOUS STONES, MILITARY & FANCY GOODS, CLOCKS, BRONZES, REVOLVING PISTOLS, &c„ &c. The Trade supplied at the Lowest Wholesale Importing Rates. A Is confidentlyrecommended to Invalids, as unsurpassed by any known preparation, for the cure of Coughs, Hoarseness, and other forms of common Colds; Bronchitis, Asthma, Croup, Consumption in an early stage* and for the relief of the Patient even in advanced stages of that fatal disease. It combines, in a sci- entific manner, remedies of long esteemed value, with others of more recent discovery, and besides its soothing and tonic qualities, acts through the skin gently, and with great efficacy, for the cure of this class of diseases. Price 50 cents and $1 a bottle. STABLER’S DIARRHOEA CORDIAL Is a pleasant mixture, compounded.in agreement with the rules of Pharmacy, of therapeutic agents, long known and celebrated for their peculiar efficacy in curing DIARRHOEA, and similar affectidns of the sys- tem. In its action, it allays nausea and produces, a healthy condition of the Liver, thus removing the 'cause at the same time that it cures the disease, leaving the system in the natural state, not requiring pur- gatives after its use, as most medic.ines of the kind do— being a desideratum ndver before obtained. Price 50 cents a Bottle. . , The valuable medicines above named are not empirical, but are prepared, in agreement with the experi- ence of some of the most learned and judicious practitioners, and are. not secret, further than is necessary to protect the proprietors and those who' use them from loss and impositiqn, as the Component parts have been made known, confidentially, from time to time, to perhaps 300 PHYSIOIjS L3XT^ In Maryland, Virginia, District of Columbia, Ohio, and other places, all of whom, without a single exception, have approved of the formula, and most of them acknowledge that they are the best remedies that they have ever known for the cure of the diseases for which they are recommended. Our confidence in the excellence of these medicines, added to our desire to avoid the just prejudice of the medical profession . against secret and quack nostrums, induced us to adopt this candid course. We append a few of the notices w c have received from Physicians, viz : From Dr. W. H. Farrow, of Snow Hill, Md. Gentlemen, — I have frequently in' my practice prescribed your “ Stabler T s Anodyne Cherry Expec- torant ’’and “ Diarrhoea Cordial,” with great satis- faction to myself, and to the entire relief of such dis- eases as they profess to cure. I consider them happy combinations of some of our most valuable and safe therapeutical agents, and must be of. infinite worth to the afflicted, and to mankind at large. In furnish- ing the medical profession with these active and concentrated preparations, so convenient lor admin- istration, and of a standard quality, you have ren- dered them an eminent service, and I can do no less than earnestly recommend these preparations to prac- titioners, and especially in the country, where the impurity of commercial Drugs is one of the greatest obstacles to the success of tile Physician. Dr. VV. S. Love writes to us, that he lias adminis- tered the expectorant to his Wife, who has had the Bronchitis for Jourtecn years, and she is fast recov- ering from her long-standing malady. It has in a few weeks done her more good than all the remedies she has heretofore used under able medical counsel. JFrom Dr. H. P. Worthington, Laurel , Md. 11 After several months’ use of your Expectorant,, both in my own family and in general practice, I am confirmed in the opinion, expressed of it, when first made acquainted with the recipe. For one I thank you for so convenient and elegant a preparation of the. Wild Cherry.” From Geo. Gerry, M. D., of Somerset Co., Md. “ Gentlemen, — I have used many of the different Cherry Expectorants, and I do assure you that yours far exceeds any that I have ever tried. From Dr. J. Ridgway Andre , Kingston, Tallot, Md . “ Having examined the component parts of ‘ Sta- bler’s Anodyne Cherry Expectorant,’ also of« £ Sta- bler’s Diarrhoea Cordial,’ and having used them in practice, I feel no hesitancy in recommending them.’’ E. H. STABLER & CO., Wholesale Druggists, No. 3 SOUTH CALVERT ST., BALTIMORE. Sold by Merchants and Druggists generally. B $ WHOLESALE ONLY. I n HAM & CUSHING, nwgiainsiES & wismss&fcB 211 BALTIMORE-ST. SECOND STORY, [11 A L ■ T Q K 1 9 Invite the attention of Dealers to their Stock, which will he found, to comprise every variety and style of Goods in their line ; and their arrangements are such as to enable them to sell at Manufacturers’ Prices. Their WATCHES are from the Best Manufactories — English, Swiss and Amer- ican, and cased in a style not to be surpassed by any other House in the Country. C DAVIS & MILLER, ^ WHO L E SALE 12 NORTH HOWARD STREET, IS M o Keep Constantly on Hand, a Large and Extensive Assortment of DR.UG-S, mww&Mv fils, stpamnm PAINTERS’ MATERIALS. DVE-STUFrS, WINDOW GLASS, JPBffiffWMtlBffiY, SOAPS, Spices, Bottled Oils, ESSENCES, V Q BS % IT tg IK S'@ » Fine Wines for Med’l Use, WITH ALL THE Sole Proprietors of the AMERICAN WORM SYRUP, ASIATIC CHOLERA REMEDY, ANODYNE CORDIAL, AMER’N VEGETABLE PILLS, “ “ BITTERS, DR. BIRD’S E. J. DYSENTERY CORDIAL, COMPOUND MONARDO LIN- IMENT, DR. MAYO’S PERSIAN PEC- TORAL, ARABIAN EMBROCATION, FEVER AND AGUE TONIC, ARABIAN HORSE POWDER, DAVIS’ EYE WATER, MAGIC BALSAM, Druggists and Merchants desiring find it to their interest to trade with us latent gteMrints of following Preparations, viz. MILLER’S COUGH SYRUP, RELIEF AND COLIC DROPS, COM.E SS. OF JAMAICA GINGER, GERMAN CATTLE POWDER, the Best Articles in our line, will certainly D w m w ©. T # ® Nob. 89 & 91 BALTIMORE STREET, 52 Ml “M? iSt- ‘Sa? sp s? ^yj m ^ Wholesale and Retail Dealer in I! A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF * ions, flans |$(anlillas, A ‘Iff Tl pn AWT ^ cGdL JL V cA J £^[ Eb aOL W cL f CONSTANTLY ADDING PER EVERY STEAMER, NEW STYLES AND -DESIGNS, With a complete Assortment of Goods generally. R E M E M B E R. MY MOTTO, 6 6 rATl /7S\ SP -PP /7S\ ’ iPYre? n fl SP !P\ /P\ fATI re? 9 9 * R 0 ® 1 T T© 1 § @PT®©Klli Also, a large and general Assortment of §iE => SS.mE3P2f|{S '©■ ^0) ® ffi) S 9 And DOMESTIC GOODS, suitable for Farmers, &c. KUHN & RIDGAWAY, No. 84 Camden Street, near Howard, Balt. SPSS'S asm ®B&a©s» .The undersigned respectfully call the at- tention of the Public and the Ladies par- ticularly to their New Instrument, as it is superior in point of tone to the Piano or any other musical instrument. The upper part is carVed and gilt like a harp, and has all the appearance of a splendid harp. It is played with keys like a Piano, and any per- son can play on this Harp that can play on the Piano. The strings are of steel and is tuned like a Piano, and will stay in tune as long as a Piano. The notes or tone is as full as a Piano, but, like that of a Harp, soft and deep, and the treble notes clear and musical like a Glass Harmonicou — it sur- passes every other musical instrument in appearance and tone. We manufacture, also, Pianos of superior finish and quality, all of Rosewood finish, from 6 to 7 octave, full Metallic Frames, which makes them very strong and durable; we particularly recommend them as fine, well made instruments. Dealers, Professors and Agents, would do well t a give us a call. Pianos exchanged or hired out. jm* MELODEONS, from $45 to $200 each, to he had of the best quality. F r i 1 GALLAGHER’S / • ’ *" • iooli-liecping t£ Minting llooms These COUNTING ROOMS, now more than six years-established in Bal- timore, have continued in successful operation longer than any similar In- stitution in this city. Many years ex- perience as an Accountant and Teacher of the above branches, gives the under- signed confidence in assuring the pub- lic that the system pursued under his direction is of -a practical and business character ; each student has a separate desk, and is privately instructed by the proprietor alone in making the various entries, papers, and calculations, in actual routine of business, representing the transactions as they really occur, thus experiencing the duties of a Practical Accountant. Circulars transmitted by Mail upon addressing F. BL GALLAGHER, 207 BALTIMORE STREET, near Charles, R . BROWN, IMPORTER, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN Twit., 1 AND PLATED WARE, 153 BALTIMORE-ST. (Opposite the Museum,) BA&TTI0H1, WATCHES Carefully Kepaired. DEPOT FOR THE SALE OF Mini's. Iraniiks, Cigars, PRODUCE, AND RARE ARTICLES OF LUXURY, i. TIERM1I & SOB No. 12 North Charles Street, BALTIMORE. We offer for Sale from STORE, & UNITED STATES BOND- ED WAREHOUSE, in quantities to suit purchasers : MADEIRA WINES from the House of J. Howard March & Co., Madeira. SHERRY “ i( " Messrs. Vinda De X. Harmony & Co., Cadiz. HOCK AND MOSELLE WINES from the House of Henkell & Co., Mayence. CHAMPAGNE WINES “ ’ “ Moet & Chandon, Epernay. PORTS 1 “ “ Osborne & Co., Oporto. BORDEAUX AND CLARET WINES “ « Focke & Brandenburg, Bor- deaux. BURGUNDIES “ R. Bruninghaus, Nuits. BRANDIES “ “ Otard, Dupuy & Co., J. Hepnessey & Co., and Focke & Brandenburg. Together with a large Stock of ITALIAN, HUNGARIAN, SICILY, MALAGA and LISBON WINES, received directly from the oldest and most highly respect- able European Houses. The careful attention we have given the Importation of RARE ARTICLES OF LUXURY, enables us to offer the products of ENGLAND, FRANCE, GER- MANY and ITALY, at the most Moderate Prices. Our (OS© A1 ID) M IP A M T ‘M .31 TP Contains the various sizes of all the Celebrated Factories in Havana, and the annual visit of one of our firm to the Island of CUBA, gives us advantages possessed by few Houses in any of the more Northern or Eastern Cities. The TEA, COFFEE & EAST INDIA GOODS DEPARTMENT Is large and varied, consisting of the finest Chops of Oolong, Chalan, Powchong, Sou- chong, English, Breakfast, Imperial, Gunpowder and Hysgn Tea, Mocha and Java Coffee, Spices, &c. Od-A LIBERAL DISCOUNT GIVEN TO THE TRADE. Priced Catalogue when desired, can be had free of charge. Persons entrusting their orders for direct Importation, will be charged a small com- mission. P. TIEKNAN & SON, H 3VE XX 33 C3r JE2 ? ^ PATENT It will do the Washing of an ordinary family in one hour , and will do it better than it can be done by hand in five. It is simple and durable, and very easy in its opera- tion and requires less Soap by one-half than by the old method. It occupies but little more room than an ordinary wash-tub. It is Worked by Woman or Boy-Power with the Greatest Ease, AND COSTS BUT TEN DOLLARS. So confident are the Proprietors of the merits of this Machine, that they will furnish them on trial, and if not satisfactory, will take them away free of expense. Reference is given to the following Gentlemen, now Worked. in whose Families they arc Alex. McComas, 205 E. Fayette-st. A. W. Thompson, 350 N. Eutaw-st. H. S. Taylor, 75 Cathedral-st. Sam’l G. Miles, 83 Sharp-st. D. Blocher, 541 W. Fayette-st. John Nant, 27 Paca-st. Thos. Pitcher, 71 Columbia-st. E. Reynolds, 45 McHenry-st. S. H. Adams, 52 Columbia-st. S. Linthicomb, 37 Columbia-st. Charles Lee, 15 Pearl-st, John Mann, 136 Eutaw-st'. C. C. Biirford, 4 W. Pratt-st. Geo. Bookholtz, 214 Columbia-st. E. W. Briding, 183 Pratt-st. John Brooks, 53 Columbia-st. Win. V. Carver, Pine-st. John F. McJilton, 256 Lombard-st. { And many others too numerous to mention. To be had of the Manufacturers and Proprietors, at their Wareroom, No. 379 WEST PRATT STREET, or at the Factory, PORTLAND near FREMONT STREET. COUNTY RIGHT'S for sale in Maryland, Delaware and Virginia, by VV. T. MARKLAND &. BRO., Carpenters and Builders, Sole Proprietors. The Machine can be seen in operation by calling on E. M. BOSLEY, Agent, No. i Light Street Wharf, i Doors South of Pratt Street. Jojm Coats, 262 W. Lombard-st. Jacob Deems, 6 Hollins-st. H. Magne, 35 Hollins-st. J. H. T. Jerome, 251 W. Saratoga-st. H. H. Thomas, 112 South Paca-st. Rice & Norris, 46 and 48 Light-st. W. A. Page, 25 Stiles-st. R. W. McCubbin, 224 W. Fayette-st. Caleb Kelly, 39 Columbia-st. S. F. Peregoy, 381 Pratt-st. T. N. Reed, Baltimore County. Judge Tuck, Annapolis. T. J . Brown, 90 Baltimore-st. S. B. Flemming, 74 Mulberry-st. W. P. Gettier, 259 Pratt-st. Eben Stewart, 88 Columbia-st. Thos. S. Sumwalt, 205 West Pratt-st. WHOLESALE ONLY. breast pins, $ar ptp, FINGER RINGS, Bracelets, (L ® © K ITT. © 9 TR1 . B - McOLBES, No. 2 HANOVER STREET, 2nd Floor, (ONE DOOR BELOW BALTIMORE-ST.,) Gold Chains, SEALS & OYS, Sold PENCILS, &C., &C., BALTIMORE, IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN Watchmakers and Country Merchants are invited to call. Every article sold, will be warranted to give satisfaction. J *3? X 3MC V AGUST. WAGNER, ^7" No. 63 SOUTH CHARLES-ST., near Pratt-st. GrIE.i3L3Sr330IjES, .-FANCY GOODS, d?C. OIT'A.LX, WORK ID CONTE EY IVEE WARRANTED. Warehouse No, 48 S. Calvert Street, Baltimore. ALWAYS ON HAND THE MOST COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OP PARLOR, CHAMBER, COTTAGE, DOING ROOJi AND KITCHEN MATTRESSES, BEDS AND BEDDING. LOOKING- GLASSES constantly on hand and made to order. E3T Country Merchants, proprietors of Hotels and others would do well to call and examine bur extensive assortment before purchasing. School Furniture and Settees for Churches made to order at short notice. JAMES R. WARD 8c CO. JAMES R. WARD & CO. EXTENSIVE fflmriiiiin liUJ l/i\ f G. W. ROBINSON. CHAS. W. LORD. MANUFACTURERS ^tnsoBM AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN mm 9 (feage, ^rawis, c §ntsjjts, Pats, &t. The Largest and Best Assortment of Goods that can be found in any House of this kind in the United States. ALSO, IMPORTERS OP German & French Fancy Goods, Demijohns, &c. iU) i ri XSC)^S T & LOED, 88 6s 90 LOMBARD STREET, © A !L IT - Q-E3 ®'iE H ♦ and Europe. Their Facilities for supplying the Southern and Western Markets are unsur- passed by any other house in the United States. As business men, the Messrs. R. A L. have no superiors ; and by diligence and perseverance they now rank among the largest dealers in the Country. — Editors . M ' />,'/ '., u s,., ^ ’P^SmW'MAP m,ZMWAR%, *** S \ WckJ' 1 . MAliTXAltD M ON : >, t Dame,tlu 'Mp/rrOa/x FVBIJSBSDUYi. II .< OLTOXM’o jvy/72 titUJAM S^yMYYOftk RICHARD EDWARDS . RALTIMORE , MAKYLAN D flflaileiiblmrk'li M.lfnr. !' +EoJt Ne\ M'tr! •■/ Millville ursraiis'f COLUMBIA I STATISTICAL GAZETTEER OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND, AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. GIVING A FULL AND COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE HISTORY, PROGRESS PRESENT CONDITION, COMMERCIAL, RAILROAD, MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES OF EVERY CITY AND TOWN IN THE STATE AND DISTRICT. EDITED BY RICHARD EDWARDS. TO WHICH IS APPENDED A BUSINESS DIRECTORY OF THE FEDERAL METROPOLIS AND SUBURBS. [Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the Clerk’s Office of the Diftrict Court of Maryland.} PUBLISHED BY J. S. WATERS, 244 Market St, Baltimore, and WM. M. MORRISON & Co. 490 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington. 10 8 0 restoha.tivi 1 This article, which has made so many wonderful i Departments of State, ladies and gentlemen in the eures, was discovered by Dr. Jesse Hampton, who was > highest walks of life, as well as those moving in the born in Fredericksburgh, Va., in 1775, from whence ) most humble spheres, speak of the cures on themselves he emigrated with his father in 177J to Kentucky, ( and friends by this wonderful article, then a wilderness, where, lor years, he lived among S In proof of what we say above we refer you to the red men of the forest and learned from them the ; Hampton’s Vegetable Tincture and its effects, uses and virtues of the various medicinal plants. ? The wife of T. W. Teakle, grocer, 778 Pearl street, I It has shown itself most powerfully curative of (cured of Rheumatism of eight years’ standing; all | Nervous Diseases in their various forms, giving new S other remedies failed. life and vigor, restoring the shattered constitution, and ) Wm. M. Oldham, late of the Custom House, dwell- thus infusing hope instead of despondency. By its ? ing 128 Pine street, of Dyspepsia and great debility, i mild, pleasant and safe action on the stomach, liver, ( permanently cured. i kidneys, lungs, and the nervous system, it cures Dys- S W. A. Shacffer, Esq., one of the oldest magistrates pepsia Liver Complaint, Diseases of the Urinary Or- > and most highly lespectable citizens, cured of great gans, Coughs, Asthma, Bronchial Affections, Consump ? weakness and restored to robust health, tion, Scrofula, St. Vitus’ Dance, King’s Evil, Worms, ( Jarrett Plummer, 163 East Baltimore street, suffered j Rheumatism, Gout, Neuralgia, Fits, Fistula, Piles, \ intensely six years, with hip disease and mercurial with diseases arising from impure blood. > rheumatism; cured, after all other remedies failed, j The female system has in Dr. Hampton’s Vegetable ) Space will not permit us to name hundreds of others j Tincture a cure for its numerous and complicated de- < — as George W. Goodrich, Capt. Thomas Canot, Rob- j rangements. Hundreds who have been debilitated and i ert Gault, James Smyth, cured of rheumatism. dispirited, and on the verge of a premature grave, have > John Pervall, S. A. Griffith, John Luke, Rev. V. been restored by its use to blooming health, which we ) Eskridge, U. S. Navy, and thousands of others cured | are abundantly able to prove by such a host of living ( of Dyspepsia, Scrofula, Coughs, Liver Complaints, witnesses as we think no other medicine can produce, s Bronchitis, St. Vitus’ Dance, &c. We refer to our Lawyers, Doctors, Bankers, Ministers, in all the } own citizens. Call on them. MORTIMER & MOWBRAY, Proprietors, | INTO. 240 BALTIMORE STREET, SST Sold by Druggists and Storekeepers generally. Messrs. Mortimer & Mowbray's establishment, in addition to being the great bead-quarters for Dr. Hampton’s widely celebrated Tincture, is one of the most extensive wholesale and retail depots for all kinds of Notions, Combs, Fancy Goods, &c. Indeed, a person would think that Santa Claus had just arrived from a long tour through Europe, Asia, India, and Connecticut. This firm has been established for twenty-five years, without a change — not change , they have plenty of that. — [Editor. The proper design of a publication of this kind is to furnish a comprehensive and detailed account of the State, embracing its civil divisions, population, pro- ductions and resources; its public works, its means of general intercourse, and i ] its principal local improvements; in short, a picture of the living, acting, grow- l ing commonwealth, with the manifold means and agencies by which its affairs are , ! conducted ; its resources, prosperity, enterprise, and the business of its people t unfolded. If this has been effected, then we are content, and hope the present ! volume will approve itself to our advertising friends and to the following gentle- men whose faith induced them to recommend the volume as forthcoming : BAKER & BROTHER, § A. S. KNIGHT, _ CHAUNCEY BROOKS, £ CHARLES D. DeFORD & CO. g CANFIELD, BROTHER & CO. -§ MORTIMER & MOWBRAY, S STEIN BROTHERS, j£ J. R. WARD & CO. R. Q. TAYLOR, V JAMES HAZLETT & CO. i POOLE & HUNT, MORRIS & TRIMBLE, ^ ELLICOTT & HE WES, g ANDERSON & JESSOP, g SMITH & ATKINSON, g RICE & NORRIS, C SAMUEL E. TURNER, E. H. STABLER & CO. ROBINSON & LORD, JOHN & JOSEPH WALKER, LUCAS BROTHER, CANNON & MATTHEWS, N. WALKER & CO. W. T. WALTERS & CO. WHITLEY BROTHERS & STONE, JOHN RODGERS & SON, GEORGE PAGE & CO. CHARLES H. ROSS & CO. R. B. PORTER & CO. HOPKINS & FAIRCHILD, SHERWOOD & CO. MEACHAM & HEYWOOD. B. F. STARR & CO. JOHN H, HASKFLL. We trust they will continue the very liberal patronage thus far bestowed upon our efforts to present their Cards and Advertisements, in conjunction with that which will attract the attention, not only of the business community, but of the public generally. As announced in our prospectus, an edition will at once be issued, and a copy of the Work will be placed without delay on the principal hotels South and West, on the principal boats plying in the various rivers, and in such other public places where they will be most likely to attract the attention of Country Merchants and the traveling public. We trust that before the second edition is published many more will be willing to avail themselves of the benefits of such circulation as this Work must have. With these few remarks, and with hearty thanks to those who have encouraged the undertaking, we commend the Wprk to their favorable regard. i * °-056 RICHARD EDWARDS, Editor. > J Baltimore, March 1, 1856. OLD ESTABLISHED GAY STKEET No. 25 N. GAY STREET, NEAR FAYETTE, BALTIMORE, Where are constantly on hand and manufactured Parlor French Tete-a-Tetes, Arm and Fancy Chairs, and Household Furniture ! of every variety, from the most costly covered Brocatelie Parlor Sets to the ordinary Wooden Seat Chairs. GENERAL INDEX, Title Page, Preface, .... Index to Advertisements, &c. Journal of Progress, . Map of Maryland, . Baltimore Board of Trade, Baltimore Corn Exchange, Government of Maryland, . Finances of Maryland, . General Account of the State, .... 92 Gazetteer Alphabetically Arranged, . . . 177 General Account of the District of Columbia, . 292 City of Washington, 3(71 View of Baltimore Female College, . . . 300 View of Washington Monument, .... 306 View of Baltimore, 82 Interior view of the Senate Chamber, Washington, 14 View of the Lutherville Female College, . 272 INDEX TO THE CARDS AND ADVERTISEMENTS MOST RELIABLE AND EXTENSIVE MERCHANTS, MANUFACTURERS AND BUSINESS MEN OF BALTIMORE, CUMBERLAND, FREDERICK, HAGERSTOWN AND WASHINGTON Agricultural Implements. Rice & Norris, Hall & McDowell, .... A. G. Mott, Parker & Whitlock, E. Whitman & Co., Montgomery & Bro., 294 . 146 220 . 238 Artists. D. A. Woodward, Attorneys. James T. McCullough, .... Thomas A. Hopkins, Jacob Brown, William Walsh, 98 . 276 276 Brushes, Brooms, &c. Thomas E. Megraw, Marsh & Co., ...... ^ George Chipman, 224 . 248 176 Robinson St Lord, . Blacksmith. Philip Sindall, Bookbinders. George Lyeett, . 222 Booksellers and Tsaac P. Cook, Publishers. 84 James S. Waters, . Cushings & Bailey, P John Murphy & Co., . 94 John Berger, 220 Medairy & Musselman, . . 92 J. Cathers St Bro., . 98 Armstrong & Berry, . 108 W. & J. Crowley, 126 J. C. Hines & Co., . J. H. Seymour, .' * 282 Andrew Henderson, 288 T. Newton Kurtz, 272 Wm.M. Morrison & Co 8 Soots and Shoes. H. Henze, 184 Levi Perry, 258 Wm. S. George, 118 John Neiss, 124 A. A. Henderson, 146 George W. Berry, 150 T. L. Ball, 152 H. W. ICerchner, 1 96 George S. Clogg, 214 C Emmerick, 252 William H. Johnson, V Harman Burns, 322 takers, Crackers, Bread, &c. James D. Mason & Co., 148 Welcome White, 90 R. Mason, Bankers and Brokers. Wesley B. Tarr & Co 124 George Reese & Co., 126 L. G. Curlett &, Co., 256 Brick Machine. Scribner, Stansbury & Co., .... 228 Brewery. George Miser, 132 Boat Builder. Levi James, 166 Boot and Shoxs. C. Emmerick, 252 William H. Johnson, Harmon Burns, 322 SOUTHERN AND WESTERN EDITED BY HON. J. C. G. KENNEDY, LATE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS, ASSISTED BY .RICHARD EDWARDS. EDITOR OF THE MARYLAND GAZETTEER, &C. f &C. A MAGAZINE FOR THE DESK OF MERCHANTS, PLANTERS, AND THE HOMES OF BUSINESS MEN. I Devoted to Trade, Commerce, Navigation, Banking, Mining, Manufacturing, Internal { Improvements, Canals, Railroads, Agriculture, Education, Events of the Day, Home and J Foreign ; the Proceedings of Congress, Acts of Government, and the development of the j Internal Resources of the Country. It will be the constant aims and untiring efforts of the I Editors to make the Journal of Progress a Repository of the latest Information INDISPEN- SABLE to the Statesman, Political Economist, Jurist, Financier. Banker, Broker, ME- CHANIC, Inventor, MANUFACTURER and FARMER. It will be found peculiarly suited to the wants of the MERCHANT and BUSINESS Man; it contains a department upon the value of Bank Notes and their genuineness, corrected monthly; state of the Mar- kets in the several Large Cities, the progress and prospects of Crops, supply, demand; PRICES CURRENT ; A RAILROAD REPORTER, giving a comprehensive view of those j great highways of Commerce and Travel, with the distances and fare, arranged as diverg- ing from the Principal Cities. Political only to the extent of maintaining the Union, de- veloping the resources and defending the sovereignty of the States. Soon to commence a series of Historical Sketches of the Commercial CITIES and Large Towns of the South- ern and Western States, embracing a review of their History, progress, population, exhibit- ing their ADVANTAGES, &c. On this point we shall be happy to receive communica- tions from our Friends throughout the country, believing that the constant publication j of such facts will be of immense benefit to the places thus described. The first City in J I these Series will be New Orleans, with a large and beautiful view, superbly engraved, at : 1 very heavy expense, expressly for the Journal, St. Louis, Richmond, Mobile, Charleston, Savannah, Nashville, Louisville, and others will follow. Will also be commenced as soon as possible, The Union Gallery of Portraits and Biographies of individuals who have by industry, energy, integrity and business tact, achieved the position at the head of their re- spective classes. Many have fought the great battle of life without aid or even sympathy, i and their History will enforce the great lesson to new beginners, that few things are im- possible to the resolute will, under guidance of a direct and straight-forward principle ; thus we hope to collect such information as may effect the interests of the Business com- ; mimity, and to present in a form available for reference, and convenient for preservation. Subscription only $2 per annum if paid in advance. Agents wanted in every County of every State for this Journal, on which a liberal commission is allowed, being the largest paid by any valuable Publication in tbe World. — Those applying for agencies must forward a recommendation from one or more Merchants and the Post Master of the Town. No other application noticed. Specimen numbers sent to any part of the country on application. Proprietors of Newspapers publishing this Prospectus, and calling attention to it in their editorial columns will receive the Journal in exchange. All communications to be forwarded to Journal of Progress, Richmond, Va. James S. Nason, General Agent for Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, 73 Balti- more Street, Baltimore. For sale by all Booksellers. «• Xo. 44 FOR THE WEST. SITMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. Wd] i0M CAMDEN STREET STATION. Nisi# heeling and the West, Western Maryland and Of Virginia, daily, except Sunday, at twenty min ft seven morning, connecting with trains to Fred cepr'inchesler. &c., (the only train to Winchester, iFrederick with stages to Hagerstown and Em nmodation train for Frederick daily, except Sun P. M. ss Train for Wheeling and the West daily, at utes past five P. M. Time to Wheeling 16 hours RAILROAD LINES Connecting Baltimore with, the West. BALTIMORE TO CINCINNATI. 1st. By Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Wheeling; Central Ohio Railroad to Columbus, via Cambridge, Zanesville, and Newark ; and Little Miami Railroad to Cincinnati, via Xenia — total distance, 635 miles. 2d. By Northern Central Railway to Harrisburg; — Pennsylvania Central to Pittsburg; Ohio and Pennsylva- nia to Crestline; from Crestline, by Cleveland and Co- lumbus Railroad, to Columbus; and by Little Miami Railroad to Cincinnati. — Total distance 714 miles. CONNECTIONS WITH THE, ABOVE. To Indianapolis. — From Xenia, (by Baltimore and Ohio and Central Ohio Roads,) by Dayton Road to Day- ton, 15 miles; thence by Indiana Central and Dayton and Western Railroad to Indianapolis, 108 miles; via Dod- son’s (Junction Greenville Railroad,) Richmond, (Junc- tion Cincinnati and Newcastle Railroad,) Centreville, Knightstown, Charlotteville, &c. — Distance from Balti- more, by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad route, 694 miles. BALTIMORE TO CHICAGO. TOLEDO , SANDUSKY , ; $c. By Northern Central Railway to Alliance ; thence by Cleveland and Pittsburg Railroad to Cleveland; thence by Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Railroad to Toledo, or by the Northern division of this road (now called Cleveland and Toledo Road) to Toledo, via Sandusky. Or, from Pittsburg by’ Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad to Mansfield, thence by Newark and Sandusky Railroad to Monroeville, junction Norwalk and Toledo Railroad ; thence to Toledo and Chicago as above. Or, from Cleveland to Detroit by Steamboat (Summer route,) and thence by Michigan Central Railroad to Chi- cago. By Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Wheeling, 379 miles ; thence by Central Ohio Railroad lo Newark, 108 miles; thence by Sandusky Railroad 101 miles, to Mon- roeville, 50 miles from Sandusky; from Monroeville, by Toledo and Norwalk Railroad to Toledo, 53 miles; thence to Chicago by Michigan Southern Railroad, 247 miles. — From Baltimore 888 miles. FROM CINCINNATI TO CHICAGO. There are four different lines from Cincinnati to In- dianapolis ; to Lafayette by Lafayette Railroad; thence by New Albany Road and Michigan Central Railroad to Chicago. Nearest distance about 300 miles. TO LOUISVILLE. From Cincinnati, by Ohio and Mississippi Railroad to Seymour, 87 miles; from Seymour to Jeffersonville (on the Ohio river opposite Louisville,) 49 miles, by Jefler- sonville and Indianapolis Railroad. Passengers ferried across. TO ST. LOUIS. By Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and Central Ohio Railroad to Columbus ; thence to Indianapolis; thence by Terre Haute and Indianapolis Railroad to Terre Haute; thence by Evansville a nd Terre Haute Railroad to Vincennes; thence by Ohio and Mississippi Railroad to St. Louis/ TO ST. LOUIS BY CHICAGO. By either of the lines laid down above to Chicago; thence by the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis Railroad to St. Louis, 283 miles. FOR THE EAST. Lea vs Rail. 4rrii F.rpress Train. 9 A. M. 12 5 Wav Passenger Train, 1 1 35 A. M. Night Express Tnin. 6 4 5 P. M. On Sundays at 6 45 P. M. only. Accommodation Train lor Havre de Grace daily (ex- cep: Sunday.' at 4 P. M. Returning, leaves at T 45 A.M. SPE AAIKRS FOR THE SOUTH. The steamers LOUSIAXA, GEORGIA and NORTH CAROLINA. for Norfolk and the South, from Union Hock, foot of Concord street, daily, except Sundays, at 5 o'clock, P.M. (IQ- For other steamboat routes see and handbills. FOR THE SOUTH, in Pnila, For WistnvnrM and Annapolis, (by Washington M. ' I Branch) at 4 15 and 9 15 morning, and at 3 and 5 15 3 30 P. M, [afternoon. The first and last trains are through 1 P.M. ! lines for the South. Pare to Annapolis $1. I On Sundays at 4 15 only. FOR THE NORTH AND WEST, To Annapolis by the second and fourth trains. FROM WASHINGTON TO BALTIMORE. In the morning at six and half-past eight; afternoon at three and quarter before five. Fare each way $1 50— Round trip tickets to return on day, $-3. Northern Central Railway. From Calvert Station. CORNER CALVERT AND FRANKLIN STS. At 8 A. M., for York and Harrisburg, and connect- ing with trains for Wrightsville, Columbia, Lancaster, Hanover, Carlisle, Gettysburg, Cliambersburg, Pitts- burg, and the West. On Sundays this train runs through to Parkton only. Returning, leaves Parkton at 4 50 P. M., arriv- ing in Baltimore at 6 25 P. M. Way Passenger Train, for Parkton, daily, except Sunday, at 4 P. M. Express Mail Train, daily at 9 P. M. for Harris- burg, and connecting with the cars of the Pennsylva- nia Railroad for Pittsburg. To Pittsburg by this train in 13 hours. Northern Pennsylvania & Western New York. From Harrisburg by Dauphin, Catawissa, Williams port, and Canandaigua Railroads to Buffalo and Niagara Falls. FOR THE WEST. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. FROM CAMDEN STREET STATION. For Wheeling and the West, Western Maryland and Western Virginia, daily, except Sunday, at twenty min- utes pai-t seven morning, connecting with trains to Fred- erick, Winchester. &c., (the only train to Winchester,) and at Frederick with stages to Hagerstown and Kui- mittsbufg. Accommodation train for Frederick daily, except Sun- day at 4 P. M. Express Train for Wheeling and the West daily, at past five P. M. Time to Wheeling 16 hours.) RAILROAD LINES Connecting Baltimore with the West. BALTIMORE TO CINCINNATI. 1st. By Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Wheeling; Central Ohio Railroad to Columbus, via Cambridge. Zanesville, and Newark ; and Little Miami Railroad to Cincinnati, via Xenia — total distance, 635 miles. 2d. By Northern Central Railway to Harrisburg; — Pennsylvania Central to Pittsburg; Ohio and Pennsylva- nia to Crestline; from Crestline, by Cleveland and Co- lumbus Railroad, to Columbus; and by Little Miami Railroad to Cincinnati.— Total distance 714 miles. CONNECTIONS WITH THE. ABOVE. To Indianapolis. — From Xenia, (by Baltimore and Ohio and Central Ohio Roads,) by Dayton Road to Day- ton, 1.5 miles; thence by Indiana Central and Dayton and Western Railroad to Indianapolis, 108 miles; via Dod- son’s (Junction Greenville Railroad,) Richmond, (Junc- tion Cincinnati and Newcastle Railroad,) Centreville, Knightstown, Charlntteville, &c. — Distance from Balti- more, by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad route, 694 miles. BALTIMORE TO CHICAGO, TOLEDO, SANDUSKY, $c. By Northern Central Railway to Alliance; thence by Cleveland and Pittsburg Railroad to Cleveland; thence by Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Railroad to Toledo, or by the Northern division of this road (now called Cleveland and Toledo Road) to Toledo, via Sandusky. Or. from Pittsburg by Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad to Mansfield, thence by Newark and Sandusky Railroad to Monroeville, junction Norwalk and Toledo Railroad ; thence to Toledo and Chicago as above. Or, from Cleveland to Detroit by Steamboat (Summer route,) and thence by Michigan Central Railroad to Chi- cago. By Baltimore atul Ohio Railroad to Wheeling, 379 miles ; thence by Central Ohio Railroad to Newark, IDS miles; thence by Sandusky Railroad 1 01 miles, to Mon- roeville, 51) miles from Sandusky; from Monroeville, by Toledo and Norwalk Railroad to Toledo, 53 miles’; thence to Chicago by Michigan Southern Railroad, 247 miles. — From Baltimore 888 miles. FROM CINCINNATI TO CHICAGO. There are four different lines from Cincinnati to In- dianapolis ; to Lafayette by Lafayette Railroad; thence by New Albany Road and Michigan Central Railroad to Chicago. Nearest distance about 300 miles. TO LOUISVILLE. Front Cincinnati, by Ohio and Mississippi Railroad to Seymour, 87 miles; from Seymour to Jefiersonville (on the Ohio river opposite Louisville,) 49 miles, by Jetier- sonville and Indianapolis Railroad. Passengers ferried across. TO ST. LOUIS. By Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and Central Ohio Railroad to Columbus ; thence to Indianapolis; thence by Terre Haute and Indianapolis Railroad to Terre Haute; thence by Evansville »nd Terre Haute Railroad to Vincennes; thence by Ohio and Mississippi Railroad to St. Louis/ TO ST. LOUIS BY CHICAGO. By either of the lines laid down above to Chicago; thence by the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis Railroad to St. Louis, 283 miles. I Bell Hanger and Lock Smith. W. G. Bitner, 314 Robert Wible fit Co., .... T Carriage Manufacturers. Mullmyer &. Hunter, 12 Thomas Young 324 Bridgett fit Hall, 326 M. McDermott, S. L. King, 292 Eli Mobley & Son, . . . . , 294 Commission Merchants. H. Webb St Son, 116 Freeland, Hall St Co., .... 118 Wesley Starr fit Sons, .... 122 Mitchell fit Edmondson, .... 138 R. M. Lockwood St Co., .... 142 C. C. O’Neil, 160 C. Kidder, 172 Fowler 8t Zeigler, 172 Ellicott fit Hughes, 188 S. J. Sharp fit Co., .... 192 Matthews fit Zollickoffer, .... 244 F. Roloson& Co., . 252 Wall, Barnard St Co., 328 W. H. Bilmire, 378 G. S. Groshon, ..... 286 John McPherson, of Wm., 288 Jonathan Tyson, 288 Humrichouse fit Bandel, 258 C. D. Hinks fit Co., 268 Chain Manufacturer. George Whitehouse, .... # 124 Chair Manufactory. B. J. Sparkiin, # 194 Copper Smith. John M. Bruce, . Carpeta. G. S. Griffith fit Brother, Sebastian Rosemer, . China and Queeusvvare. Robert T. Banks, . W. Thos. Valiant, . . . * , P. Starrs, Marston & Bro., James Pawley, Jr., 8t Bro., . , ' . George VV. Bokee, E. fit VV. Bennett, Clothing, Ready Made. Hopkins & Fairchild, Noah Walker St Co.— View of New Buildin* in next Edition, ° J. W. Richardson fit Co., . . * . Chemicals. James H. Stimpson, Wm. M. Davison, Coat Trimmings. Richard Thompson, A. Campbell, Clocks. John Mann, Carver and Gilder. J. Wagner, Commercial Institute. R. H. Gallagher, Cedar ware. Robinson & Lord, George Chipman, * Marsh & Co., 224 132 124 152 184 248 S 268 232 114 224 11 160 198 108 328 176 Confectioners. Alexander Butcher, .... L. G. Curlett, Nathaniel Holmes, Jr., . . . . Martin Hatter, John Creamer, Coal Dealers. J. B. Youngs, Semmes & Cockey, . Corks. George Flattich, Distillers of Alcohol. John Higbee & Co., ". Doctors. Dye Stuffs, Acids, iMtfim MANUFACTURER, No. 52 NORTH HOWARD ST. ONE DOOR ABOVE LEXINGTON, P^LTDIM1©1R1. Paper Hangings. — Constantly in store and for sale Paper Hangings of every description and of the latest and most approved patterns. Also, Borders, Fire Board Prints, &c. Paper Hanging done in the best style. Venetian Blinds — Keeps on hand and manufactures to order, Venetian Blinds of all colors, sizes and qualities, which will compare favorably with any offered to the public. Old Blinds repainted and trimmed, or exchanged. "JAMES C. G. KEXfMEDY Will take charge of business to be transacted with any of the Departments of Goverment, and prepare cases for the action of Congress or the Court of Claims. During the session of Congress he may be found in the room of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, or at his OFFICE, No. 470 H St., WASHINGTON, D. C. REFERENCES: Hon. John M. Clayton, Hon. J. A. Pearce, Hon. John J. Crittenden, Hon. R. Toombs, Hon. R. W. Johnson, Of the ’ Senate. Hon. A. C. M. Pennington, Hon. Alex. H. Stephens, Hon. David Ritchie, Of the House of Hon. John Dick, J Be P rese “’ s - Messrs. Gales & Seaton, Washington, D. C. TO wai swMismi RYAN & RICKETTS, No. 9 Holliday Street, near Baltimore St. ffiALTIMOSE, Keep always on hand Job and Fancy Type, Newspaper Heads, Cuts, Brass Rule, Dashes of all kinds, Composing Sticks, Brass Galleys, and every description of Printers’ Material. Stereotyping in all its branches neatly executed. Electrotyping of every description done in superior manner. Punctuality may always be relied on. INDEX. Marble Works, Stone and Granite Cutters. Sisson & Baird, 130 Forrester & Keister, 150 A. J. Abrams, 152 Gault & Brother, 208 Silverwood & Shpckclls, 96 Oliver & Flemming, 146 Joseph W. Kelly, 316 John W. Maxwell, 262 Thomas Symington, 266 Mathematical Instruments. F. W. & R. King, 84 John Jones, 92 Richard Patten & Son, 222 Merchant Tailors. J. W. Richardson & Co., 114 James Alexander, 11 S. Brooks, 88 Millinery Goods. Armstrong, Cator & Co., 96 Benjamin Crane &. Co., 88 Levi Goldenberg, 122 Lewis Lauer & Co., 244 Milliners. F. V. Auld, 90 Mrs. L. Allen, 306 Mrs. J. B. Conner, 258 Restaurants. Adolphus Auer, 88 W. H.Kunsman, 112 Charles Warner, 306 Wm. T. Doniphan, 312 Bender & Dubans, 312 N. M. Sheldon, 314 Provisions, Porlt and Beef. W. F. Pentz, ... s .... 14p Charles Mallard, 326 Periodicals and Papers* The Baltimore American, 12 Baltimore Price Current, 12 Baltimore Clipper, 12 Baltimore Patriot, ....... 12 The Baltimore Republican, 12 American Farmer, 12 American Democrat, 14 The Traveler, . 12 Daily Register, 12 Baltimore Pathfinder, 12 Frederick Examiner, 288 Journal of Progress, Y American Chronicle, 292 Hagerstown Mail, 294 Frederick Herald, ' . £96 JBible Times, . 14 The Spectator, 310 Optician. P. B. Sadtler & Sons, 190 John Tobias, 310 Organ Manufactory. Pomplitz & Rodewald, ...... 242 Paper Dealers. A. L. Knight, 302 Paper Hangings. D. C. Noyes, 222 J. C. Golder & Bro., 236 W. H. Griffith, 242 B. T. Hynson, 14 Plumbers. James Reilly & Son, .*.... 132 Roche & McCart, 132 John W. Bechtel, 226 John Reese, 326 A. J. Lyons, 264 Worley & Mahaney, 266 Plane Manufacturer. A. B. Seidenstricker & Co., .... 134 Piano Fortes. William Knabe &. Co., 144 Gaehle & Co., 168 Eggart & Bobeth, 206 Henry Hartze & Co., 218 Stirn B' others, 238 Louis Stirn & Co., 246 Neil, Duross & Co., 88 Khun &. Ridgeway, F Printing Ink and Material. B. T. Fellows, -236 Ryan & Ricketts 14 Printers. Murphy & Co., 94 Sherwood & Co., 90 John P. Des Forges, 198 Painters, Roach & Cline, W Saddlery and Harness, Trunk, &c. Bartus Wilkins, 108 Samuel Hunt, 196 — 118 John D. Hammond, 120 Henry P. Vey, 122 £ilas Phelps, 210 Robert Lawson, 224 Spices, Starch and Soda. George Pearson, 212 William H. Crawford, 266 Charles H. Pitt, 262 William H. Crawford, 266 G. W. Wait & Son, 326 Scales and Balances. Jesse Marden, 112 Richard Murdoch, 248 Card Riveted Hose, &c. John H. Haskell, 116 Safes, Iron. S. I. Sharp & Co., 192 W. McFarland & Co., 18a Herrings, 5 Sashes and Door Blinds. George O. Stevens & Co., 106 Saws, Circular. William Toland, 162 Sewing Machines. I. M. Singer & Co., . .... 250 W. Merrell, 268 Shirts. W. H. Faulkner, 318 S. C. Winchester, 102 Silk and W hite Goods. Armstrong, Cator & Co., 96 Benjamin Crane & Co., 88 Silver Plated Ware. Henry Adams, 84 William Brown & Co., , 128 Elmer & Sipes, 210 Cortlan & Co., 254 Soap. James Armstrong & Co., 236 Charles Faringer, . 242 Tobacco and Snuff. G. W. Gail, 86 John T. Hennaman, ; 188 Charles D DeFord & Co., T David R. Groves, 166 Forsyth & Irvin, S WM. DAVISON. AUG. G. MEYER. WM. II. WILSON. WILLIAM DAVISON & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Chemicals, faints, llarmsjp, $x. No. 104 Street, Sam aasas. HUNOKEL & SON, BRANCH OF THE llfR IN BREMEN, No. 34 SECOND STREET, ^3 ILa <=□? 32 £A££ CS> 333 lALl ® Through our extensive arrangements, we are able to compete, in regard to cost and beauty of execution, with any House in the United States. Q(jr- Always on hand a large stock of Lithographic Stones, Bronzes, and all kinds of Paper, imported direct from Europe. (A Specimen of our Lithographic Work will be published in the Second Edition of this Book. JAM es~-alexander~ 111 V No. 18 N. Howard St. opposite Howard House, BALTIMORE, WHERE MAY AT ALL TIMES BE FOUND A CHOICE SELECTION OF 9 MURRAY & HAZLEHURST, (yAMa! AAUI J)(VU|A(V\Mix BUILDERS OF MARINE, STATIONARY AND RAILWAY VULCAN WOBKS, BALT. INDEX. Tin, and Sheet Iron Ware. John Gormley, ....... 184 j John F. Helm, . 2<2 Robinson & Kremer, 96 E L. H. Glger, 138 1 John G. Hetzell, 226 Keen St Hagerty, 240 William Gluck,' 252 Wm. H. Harrover, ...... 312 H. Grouts W Ward & France, 260 Tin Plates, Sheet Iron, &c. E. L. Parker & Co., 230 Sugar Refinery. Egerton, Dougherty, Woods & ®o., . . . 270 Maryland Refining Co., * R Sargic*l Instruments, &e. a W. S. Nicholson, 96 Ship Chandler. R. C. Waite, 138 Schools. | Franklin Hall, 222 N. C. Brooks, 300, Stationers. John Williams, . 218 John Berger, 220 Isaac P. Cook, €4 Medairy & Musselman, 92 John P. Des Forges, 198 Stoves and Castings. William S. Brown, 296 James Shirning, . 322 !E. L. H. Gerger, . . . , 138 (Robinson & K reroer, . . . . . . 96 A. Worley & Mahaney, 266 Snyder St Bouis, 296 Umbrellas, Canes, &c. Jas. H. Millikin & Son, 102 E. M. Punderson & Co., 240 Francis Beehler, . 258 Upholsterers. Walter Crook, Jr 116 John McMullen, 178 B. T. Hynson, 14 Undertakers. Anthony Buckly, 324 Watches & Jewelry. George W. Webb 170 Canfield, Bro. & Co., A Alex. L. Spear, 172 Charles Blake, ...... 174-206 Charles T. Holloway, 180 C. A. S. Wolf, 102 E. B. McClees, J William Brown & Co., 128 J. Alexander, 198 H.O. Hood, 316 Michael Hoffa & Co., 324 J. P. Wright, 274 S. T. Little, 276 R. Brown, G Ham & Cushings, C Window Shades. Baker & Cushman,. ...... 216 D. C. iVoyes, . 222 Watchmakers'’ Tools, &c. Henry May &. Brother, 230 Wagon Maker. H&ush & Steck, .150 Washing Machine. E. M. Bosley, j Water Cure Establishment. 0. C. Schieferdecker, M. U., 308 TOE HI MFOOEY ff TOE 1EYM1 STATE DIE SlilY, 3STo. 75 EAST FAYETTE STREET, Is always supplied with Bibles and Testaments of every size and variety of binding. Besides tbe supply of tbe destitute and our auxiliaries, tbe Society contemplates sales on liberal terms to any class of purchasers, as their object is the circultion of the Scriptures by every lawful means. THE BIBLE TIMES Is designed for the promotion of all Bible in- terests — in Homes, Schools, Colleges, Asylums of Benevolence, State Institutions, Places of Business and Pleasure — in a word, among all ages, classes, and conditions of people, wher- ever it can be circulated ; “For who hath de- spised the day of small things ? ” PUBLICATION TERMS, &c. For the present the Bible Times will be Is- sued only once a month — beginning the vol- ume with the April number and closing with the December number ; so as to begin the next Volume with January. This First Volume (nine Numbers) will be furnished for 25 cents, or five copies to one address for $1 ; twelve cop- ies for $2 ; twenty copies for $3 ; twenty-eight copies for $4; and forty copies for $5 — in advance. T, H. STOCKTON, 68 Lexington St., Baltimore, Md. THE AMERICAS DEMOCRAT , Will be published every morning (Sundays excepted) by the American Publishing Asso- ciation, at the rate of $4 per annum, payable in advance. Office, No. 158 Baltimore Street, UNDER THE MUSEU 3VE- $£3* Persons desirous of becoming subscri- bers will please hand in their names and resi- dences at the office of publication. .^35** All Business Communications must be addressed to ABRAM REQTTA, Gen. Agt. Museum Buildings, Baltimore, Md. (Tin Ettitesitp iltmt&ics ISSUED UNDER THE SEAL, SANCTION AND AUTHORITY OF the UNIVERSITY of CHARTERED WITH A CAPITAL OF 100,000, For the purpose of arresting the Evils of Worthless and Spurious Nostrums; also to supply Families and others with Reliable Family Medicines ; 'where the best Medical Advisers- cannot or will not be employed. This Institution has purchased of Dr. JOHN R. ROWAND, Graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, (its present Pres’t and Head of the Pharmaceutical Department,) the celebrated ROWAND’S TONIC MIXTURE, known for twenty-five years as the only, sure remedy for FEYER AND AGUE, and kindred diseases; also, ROWAND’S COMPOUND SYRUP OF BLACKBERRY ROOT, the inestimable Remedy for ROWEL COMPLAINTS, which, together with its own Family Remedies , to he pro" vided, for every disease , that can be safely treated in this way, including The University’s Remedy, The University s Remedy, The University’s Remedy, The University’s Remedy, The "University’s Remedy, 1 The University’s Remedy, r The University’s Remedy, (in the form of Pills, ) The University’s Remedy, (An Elegant Extract, ) Expressly designed ( for the relief and cure of Complaints of the lungs, Dyspepsia or Indigestion, Costive Bowels. Sore Eyes, Ear -Ache. Dry Ears, and Deafness, Tooth-Ache, Ague, Cholera or Diarrhoea. The University is depositing wherever it can procure respectable Agents for the purpose. Application for Agencies will be received at the Office and Home Dispensary, No. 68 Arch Street, Philadelphia. JOHN R. ROWAND, M. D., President. Sold by E. H. STABLER & CO., and CAHBY & HATCH, BALTIMORE, And by all respectable Druggists throughout the Union. INTERIOR VIEW OF TITE UNITED STATES SENATE CHAMBER. Informati on for th e Million ! j Merchants & Planters Messenger; GREAT NATIONAL WORK PEEPAHED FOR THE OMITEO STATES GOVERNMENT At an Expenditure of over Half Million of Hollars ! Superbly Illustrated with Views of the Principal Cities and Large ; Towns throughout the Country, and a Map of the Great Republic, upon which are delineated its Vast Works of Internal Communica- tion, Routes across the Continent, &e. Price to subscribers, hand- somely bound, $2.00. The Map alone, being worth more money, is sold by appointed Agents throughout the United States. Persons in remote parts of the country can forward the amount to the Publish- ers, and a copy of the Work will be sent free of postage. STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATE S SOUTHERN & WESTERN JOURNAL OF PROGRESS. j PROGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC. I Embracing its Territory, Population— White, Free, Colored and I and Slave— Moral and Social Condition, Industry, Property and I Revenue ; the Detailed Statistics of CHles, Towns and Counties, to j which are added the resnlts of every previous Census. Edited by Hon. J. C. G. KENNEDY, ! LATE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. Historical and Geographical Description OF ALL THE STATES AND TERRITORIES From the Earliest Periods, with an account of the Chief Places of the United States, by Richard Swainson Fisher, M. D., author of the Statistical Gazetter of the United States, Colton’s Great American Atlas, &c. Published by Wm. M. Morrison & Co., 440 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington. CCT’lOO Agents wanted in different sections of the Country to sell by subscription this great work. Applications mus* be accompanied by written recommendations from several of the most prominent citizens and directed to the Publishers ; or Richard Edwards, Richmond or Baltimore. Specimen copies for Agents, $1.00 A Magazine for the desk of Merchants, Planters, and the Homes of Business Men. Devoted to Science, Art, Manufac- tures, Commerce, Agriculture and Trade. Published Monthly by the Southern Print- ing and Publishing Company, Richmond, ! Savannah, Nashville St. Louis and Louis- ville. Subscription $2 per annuih in ad- vance. 10 copies to one address $15, sin- | gle copies, 20 cents. J, C. G. Kennedy, and Richard Edwards, AsTkedltim of Commercial Knowledge, Reference and Advertis- ing, it surpasses in value any Publication now issued; being almost j indispensable to every Business Man— containing as it does, a Whole- sale Prices Current and Monthly Stview of the Markets in the princi- pal Commercial Citie 3 of the Union a Bank Note Reporter and l oun- terfeit Detector, with the discount rates in several of the large Cit- ies, which, alone, is worth the subscription price. In preparation wc have beautiful views superbly engraved, of all the Cities and Towns of the South and'West. One will be published in each num- ber with a full History. Progress and Resources of the place. With these and other extraordinary inducements, we expect a circulation soon of fifty thousand. 0j= All Communications for the Editor, prepaid, to the Journal of Progress, Richmond, Va. WM. M . MORRISON & GO. iCSBXEBS & STATIONERS, .Vo. 44© Pennsylvania J&vcniie , WAillli'Sil STATIONERY In every variety and style, •wholesale & retail. BLANK BOOKS Of all kinds and sizes, from the smallest pass- book, to the largest used in the Counting House. Blank Books made to order at the shortest notice. Miscellaneous Books. In every department of Literature and Sci- ence. Books ordered and imported from ev- ery part of the world at the shortest notice. SCHOOL BOOKS On hand at all times, consisting of such as are in general use in our city and surround- ing country. BOOKS. Special attention is paid to this department of our business, consisting of a full and general assort- ment of all published, and in all cases of the last and best editions. Reports and Statutes of all the States furnished at the shortest notice. Liberal discounts are made to regular purchasers, or when large orders are mado. No. 26 a g s* o « |i I § 2 . X 2 » S-* H ^ o » So' 12 si P s' O q o F- ”, O P O 3 '* *a Cl O O j? B g ^ • co co 11 3S&" To be Published in the course of 1857, superbly Illustrated with Portraits , Yiews of Public Buildings , Mansions , Churches , Manufacturing Establishments , Business Houses , BALTIMORE, PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE, A TREATISE ON THE LEADING PURSUITS AND LEADING MEN, SHOWING THE PRINCIPAL To contain a full and comprehensive Review of the History, Progress, Present Condition, Commercial, Rail- road, Manufacturing and Industrial Resources of this GREAT METROPOLIS. Also, Biographies of Individuals who have by industry, energy, integrity, perseverance, and business tact, achieved the position, in most cases, at the head of their respective classes, which they now occupy. Many have fought the great Battle of Life without aid, or even sympathy, and their history enforces a great lesson to new beginners — that few things are impossible to the resolute will and a direct and straightforward principle. It will be the object of this work to exhibit to Country Merchants and Capitalists, the Commercial and Railroad position, the Resources, and Manufacturing advantages of Baltimore, as also in drawing the attention of Capitalists, and otheis from distant localities to this city, as a most profitable place for investment. EDITED BY RICHARD EDWARDS, EDITOR OP THE VIRGINIA GAZETTEER, NORTH CAROLINA GAZETTEER, MARYLAND GAZETTEER, ETC. ASSISTED BY SEVERAL LITERARY GENTLEMEN. Entered According to the Act of Congress , in the year 1855, in the Clerk 1 s Office of the Dis- trict Court of the United States, for the District of Maryland. BALTIMORE: PUBLISHED BY JAMES S. WATERS, No. 2 44 Baltimore Street. Chicago, D. B. Cook k Co. St. Louis, E. K. Woodward. Memphis, W. B. Lamb & Co. Nashville, W. T. Barry k Co. New Orleans, J. C. Morgan k Co. Mobile, J. K. Randall & Co. Savannah, W. T. Williams. Charleston, S. G. Courtney. Rich- mond, J. A. Morris. Louisville, Morton k Griswold. Cincinnati, H. W. Derbey. Cleveland, Knight k Co. New York City, Derby k Jackson. Boston, Fetridge & Co. Philadelphia, T. P. Peterson. For Sale also by appointed Agents and all Booksellers. - — » — . - - . • — - •-». ■ ■ Any information from Merchants , Manufacturers , Literary gentlemen and others , wilt be thank- fully reteived by the Editor. If used, will be paid for liberally. Such can be left at J. S. Waters’s. BALTIMORE BOARD OF TRADE, EXCHANGE ROOM, EXCHANGE BUILDING. oppicbus. PRESIDENT. JOHN C. BRUNE. VICE-PRESIDENTS. CHAUNCEY BROOKS, ENOCH PRATT, THOS. C. JENKINS, JAMES GEORGE. TREASURER. E. B. DALLAM. SECRETARY. GEORGE U. PORTER. DIRECTORS. WM. P. LEMMON, WM. McKIM, J. HALL PLEASANTS, ALEXANDER RIEMAN, WILLIAM BOSE, THOS. W. LEVERING, HUGH A. COOPER, E. S. COURTNEY, ROBERT LESLIE, ROBT. R. KIRKLAND, B. F. NEWCOMER, LAURENCE THOMSEN, JOHN WILLIAMS, GEORGE N. EATON, A. SCHUMACHER, HENRY OELRICHS, W. T. YOUNG, R. C. WRIGHT, H. L. WHITRIDGE, SAMUEL FENBY, AARON FENTON, H. G. RICE, WM. E. HOOPER, GEO. H. KYLE. STANDING COMMITTEES FOR THE ENSUING YEAR. COMMERCE. A. SCHUMACHER, JOHN WILLIAMS, J. HALL PLEASANTS, R. R. KIRKLAND, H. L. WHITRIDGE. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. WILLIAM BOSE, THOS. C. JENKINS, JAMES GEORGE, ROBT. C. WRIGHT, HENRY OELRICHS. BANKS AND CURRENCY. WILLIAM McKIM, CHAUNCEY BROOKS, ENOCH PRATT, ROBERT LESLIE, LAURENCE THOMSEN. INLAND TRADE. GEO. N. EATON, B. F. NEWCOMER, H. G. RICE, W. T. YOUNG, ALEXANDER RIEMAN. CUSTOMS. WM. P. LEMMON, AARON FENTON, SAMUEL FENBY, GEO. H. KYLE, E. B. DALLAM. ACCOUNTS. E. S. COURTNEY, LAURENCE THOMSEN, HENRY OELRICHS, H. L. WHITRIDGE, JOHN WILLIAMS. MANUFACTURERS. THOS. W. LEVERING, W. E. HOOPER, ENOCH PRATT, HUGH A . COOPER, THOS. C. JENKINS. He is a foolish husbandman who neglects to sow his seed— and he is an unwise man who neglects to inform the public of his business and his whereabouts. Those who do not understand it may have strong h of mind, but little distinctness of vision ; they do not think either clearly or logically. They may reason acutely, but are unsound philosophers. It is idle to speak of the cost of advertising as an impediment — as well might one object to the cost of shel- tering his goods, protecting them from thieves, or dealing them out to customers. BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 84 IENHT ADAMS, 233 Lexington Street, (Mir mb Sillier Smi% MANUFACTURES TO ORDER AND FOR THE TRADE, ©HILTHm IPILAMs PLAIN A.1STJD CHASED, SPOONS, FORKS, &c., & c. N. B. — Old Silver taken in exchange. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER, 3STO- 7 e BALTIMORE STREET, FOUR DOORS ABOVE GAY STREET. | ORDERS THANKFULLY RECEIVED AND PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. ~m, || „ _ I ENGINEERS’ AND SURVEYING PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENTS, j iF*. R b K.ING*, No. 226 BALTIMORE STREET, || Manufacture and keep on hand a general assortment of EN- j GINEERS’ AND SURVEY] sits, Levels, Surveying Com- passes, Leveling Rods, Chains, Tape Lines, Drawing Instru- ments, in Sets and Single pieces, of the finest quality. ALSO Jipratas, FOR SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. NG INSTRUMENTS, viz : Tran- I WM. CRICHTON, President. THOS. W. LEVERING, 1st V. Pres’t. JAS. HOOPER, Jr., 2d V. Pres’t. SOLOMON B. DAVIES, Treasurer, executive committee : ISRAEL M. PARR, JOHN WILLIAMS, B. F. NEWCOMER, GEORGE S. REY, Secretary. BOARD OF 3DIFEOTOFS. JOSEPH B. BRINKLEY, WILLIAM CHESNUT, SOLOMON CORNER, CHARLES A. GAMBRILL, JAMES HOOPER, Jr. THOS. W. LEVERING, BENJ. MARTLAND, B. F. NEWCOMER, JNO. S. WILLIAMS, FRANCIS WHITE, H. L. WHITRIDGE, WM. CRICHTON, ROBERT FOWLER, SAMUEL HAZLEHURST, I. M. PARR. Men who will pay .$500 more for a store on a business corner than just such a store would cost on a secluded street, grudge the outlay of $100 for advertising, though the conspicuous corner brings them in view of thousands where the A advertising would introduce them to hundreds of thousands. A capitalist who freely spends one hundred thousand dollars [ to build and furnish a grand hotel, whereof the vital element is eustom, would stare if you suggested the outlay of $5,000 in letting every body know that such a hotel had been opened ; and so he spends ten thousand dollars in rent, for servants, superintendence, &.C., while waiting for his house to become known, and so to fill up, which a judicious outlay of $5,000 [ for advertising, at the outset, would have saved and transmuted into profit. He pays his mason, carpenter, carpet-dealer, &c., readily, because his father and grandfather did so before him, and their charges seem inevitable ; he wastes ten thou- I sand dollars in leaving his house comparatively unknown and unfrequented for months, if not for years, because his grandfather does not happen to live as he does, in an age when business goes ahead by lightning and steam. JOBBER OF fj <®f Jfrittrlr, tgnglisl], info jjp«mtstit SJaratfaxtats, Tortoise-Shell, Ivory and other Combs, Buttons, Brushes, Cutlery, Jewelry, Violins, Accordions, Pins, Needles, Threads, Perfumery, Pocket Books, Percussion Caps,, Port Monaies, Guns, Pistols, &c. WHOLESALE A N L> RETAIL, ARCADE— No. 52 Centre Market Space. 86 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. G. W. GAIL. CHRISTIAN AX. MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF SMOKING, FINE CUT CHEWING IMPORTER AND DEALER IN fie p Bio. SO BARRE STREET, BETWEEN CHARLES AND LIGHT STREETS. GOVERNMENT FOR THE YEAR 1856. Thomas TV. Ligon, of Howard Co., Governor (term expires the 2d Wednesday in January, 1858,) Use of a furnished house, and Nathaniel Cox, of Baltimore, Secretary of State Dennis Claude, of Annapolis, Treasurer Wm. H. Purnell, of Baltimore, Comptroller of the Treasury James Murray, of Annapolis, Commissioner of the Land- Office, Fees and Michael McBlair, of Baltimore, Commissioner of Stamps Daniel McPhail, of Baltimore, Commissioner of Lotteries Joshua R. Nelson, of Harford Co., Commissioners of Public Works , each Moor N. Falls, of Baltimore, J Charles R. Stewart, of Savage, Samuel Chamberlain, of Talbot Co Richard Swan, of Annapolis, State Librarian John N. Watkins, of Annapolis, Adjutant- General Wm. L. Gaither, of Talbot Co., President of the Senate , $5 per day during session. John F. Dent, of St. Mary’s Co., Speaker of the H \ of Del., $5 per day during session. Salary. $3,600 1,000 2,500 2,500 200 T50 200 1,000 500 Judiciary. Court of Appeals . Elected. Term expires. Salary. John C. LeGrand, of Baltimore, Chief Justice 1851, 1861, $2,500 John T. Mason, of Marlboro, Associate Justice 1851, 1861, 2,500 Wm. H. Tuck, of Upper Marlboro, u 1851, 1861, 2,500 John B. Eccleston, of Chestertown, “ 1851, 1861, 2,500 Wm. A. Spencer, of Annapolis, Clerk Fees. The Court of Chancery, by the new Constitution, was abolished on the 4th of July, 1853. It had been continued from the adoption of the Constitution to that date, to give it time to finish its business. The judicial power of the State is vested in a Court of Appeals, and in Circuit Courts. The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction only. Its judges, four in number, are elected from districts, by the voters therein, for ten years, unless they shall before reach the age of TO. They must be above 30 years of age, citizens of the State at least five years, residents of the Judicial districts from which they are elected, and have been admitted to practice in the State. The Court of Appeals appoints its own clerk, to hold office for six years, and may re- appoint him at the end of that time. When any judge of any court is interested in a case or connected with any of the parties by affinity or consanguinity -with the prescribed degrees, y the Governor may commission the requisite number of persons, learned in the law, for the 8S BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. iiiii £kmm Hiii BENJAMIN CRANE & CO. importers nnb Jobbsrs of ^ ' GOOS3S, No. 231 Baltimore Street, (up stairs.) So BROOKS, .A. UNT H> FASHIONABLE CLOTHIER, COLVIN BUILDING, I¥o- XX® :B»lt±ria.c>:ro St. THREE DOORS WEST OF SOUTH. ADOLPHUS AUER, CONCERT EVERY EVENING, CORNER OF ElOWAHD AN® MULBERRY STS. G. W. NEILL. M. DUROSS. W. F. WASHBURN. NEILL, DUROSS & CO. FIRST PREMIUM MANUFACTORY AND ATAREROOMS, 4 South G-ay Street. GOVERNMENT OF MARYLAND. trial and determination of the case. The Governor, with the advice and consent of the Sen- ate, designates one of the four judges as chief justice. The office of Attorney-General is abol- ished by the new Constitution. Judges of the Circuit Court. Elected. Term expires. Salary. 1. Peter W. Crain, of Port Tobacco 1851 1861 $2,000 2. Nicholas Brewer, of Annapolis 1851 1861 2,000 3. Madison Nelson, of Frederick City 1851 1861 2,000 4. ThOxMas Perry, of Cumberland 1851 1861 2,000 6. John H. Price, * of Harford Co 1855 1861 . 2,000 7. Philemon B. Hopper, of Centreville 1851 1861 2,000 8. Ara Spence, of Snowhill 1851 1861 2,000 The fifth Circuit comprises the city of Baltimore. The judges of that Circuit, all of whom reside in Baltimore, are : — Z. Collins Lee, * Judge of Superior Court 1855 1861 2,500 Wm. L. Marshall, Judge of Court of Common Pleas 1851 1861 2,500 Henry Stump, Judge of Criminal Court 1851 1861 2,000 Chas. J. M. Gwinn, of Baltimore, State Attorney 1851 1855 The State is divided into eight judicial circuits, each of which elects a judge of the Cireuit Court, to hold office for ten years. The qualifications of the Judges are the same as those of the Court of Appeals, except that they must be citizens of the United States, and residents for two years in their judicial district. There is in the City of Baltimore a Court of Common Pleas, with jurisdiction in civil cases between $100 and $500, and exclusive jurisdiction in ap- peals from justices of the peace in that city ; and a Superior Court, with jurisdiction in cases over $500. Each of these courts consists of one judge, elected by the people for ten years. There is also a Criminal Court, consisting of one judge, elected for six years. Clerks of the Circuit Courts in each county, and of the Baltimore courts, are chosen for six years, and are re-eligible. Each county, and Baltimore city, elect three persons as Judges of the Orphans’ Court, to hold office for four years ; a Register of Wills, for six years ; Justices of the Peace, two Sheriffs, and Constables, for two years. Attorneys for the Commonwealth are chosen in each county by the people, for four years. Finances. State Debt. The whole nominal debt of the State, was September 30, 1855 $15,132,909.00 The sinking fund of the State, representing, in fact,' extinguished debt, the invest- ment being solely in Maryland State stock, was, September 30, 1855 $3,426,749.95 Tobacco loans, the interest of which is paid out of proceeds of tobacco inspection 163,689.00 Loans made on account of the Baltimore and Ohio and Washington Railroads, the interest on which is provided for from receipts of those works 4,116,043.00 Other productive capital of the State, consisting of bank stocks, railroad stocks and bonds, paying dividends or interest, including Tide water Canal bonds about. 5 013,048.05 12,719,530.00 Leaving $2,4!3;379.00 the interest on which must be provided for by taxation. But the sinking fund is treated as part of the public debt, and the interest on it is paid out of the proceeds of taxation, and applied to purchasing State stock or bonds. In addition to the interest on the sinking fund, there is an annaul surplus now of about $200,000, which is applicable either to the extinction of the debq or the increase of the sinking fund. The Treasurer has adver- tised (October. 1855) that he will in December, next pay ofF two State loans then due, amounting together to the sum of $259,189. b The balance in the treasury on the 30th of September, 1854, was $378,123.98 There was received in the^fiscal year ending the 30th of September, 1855 1,200,762.58 $1,578,886.56 The disbursements for the same fiscal year, including increase of sinking fund, we e 985,964.53 Leaving this balance in the treasury, September 30, 1855 $592,922.03 Out of this balance the above mentioned loans ($259,189) will be redeemed, leaving a balance in the treasury of $333,733, applicable to other purposes. The school fund amounted, September 30, 1854, to $161,867. The assessed value of real and personal property in the State for 1854, was $243,537,091. Including the sinking fund, the amount of loans to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and the bonds, stock &c. before named, tho pro- *Judge Constable of the 6'h Circuit, and Judge Frick of the Supreme Court of Baltimore, died during the year. The vacancies were filled for the time by the appointment by the Governor of James M. Buchanan to the 6th Circuit, and Benjamin C. Presstman to the Superior Court. At the election in November, 1855, the present incumbents were elected for the residue of the terra. 90 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. MRS. P. VIRGINIA AULD, CLOAK, DRESS AND VISITE MAKER, No. 286 Baltimore Street, Over Key worth § Son's — Opposite Sharp St. ORDERS PROMPTLY PILLED AND ALL KINDS OF PATTERNS FOR SALE. WELCOME WHITE, No. 4 NORTH HIGH STREET, Is prepared to supply families with BREAD made of the best Family Flour ; Also the Boston Brown Bread. 'IP Ila IBIPS>)C5W31Ft!§o Soda, Water, Sugar, Butter, and Boston Crackers. Ginger Cakes by the Barrel or in smaller quantities. JOHN CREAMER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL No. 288 N. GAY STREET, Manufacturer of all kinds of Confectionery, Pine Apple Drops, Grape Drops, Strawberry Drops, Jenny Lind Drops, Fish Drops, Bottle Drops, Pear Drops, Heart Drops, Cream Drops, Mint Drops, Gum Drops, Diamond Drops, Raspberry Drops, Tom Thumb Drops, Scissors Drops. Also a variety of Fancy Sugar Toys, Fancy Cakes, Cordials and Preserves. City and Country orders promptly attended to at the shortest notice. SEARS & PHILLIPS, EXTENSIVE N. E. CORNER CHARLES AND LOMBARD STREETS, §etetcata, €\m AND ALL KINDS OF FURNITURE, Wholesale and Retail, at the lowest cash prices. GOVERNMENT OF MARYLAND. ductive property of the State may be given at $12,555,842. There is, besides, unproductive property, consisting of stocks, arrears of interest, &c., as given by the auditor, to the amount of $14,748,392.60. The State direct tax is 15 cents on $100. With the present abundant income, the debt will be rapidly absorbed by the operation of the sinking fund and the surpluses; and before many years the State will be relieved from heavy taxation. The provisions of the new Constitution in regard to the State’s incurring new debts are as follows : — “ No debt shall be contracted exceeding $100,000, nor unless the act creating it shall provide for a tax sufficient to pay the interest as it falls due, and the principal in fifteen years. Such taxes shall not be repealed or applied to any other purpose. The credit of the State shall never be given or lent, nor shall the State be in any way con- cerned in internal improvements. The money levied to pay the public debt shall never be diverted until the debt is paid, or until the sinking fund equals the outstanding debt.” Receipts and Expenditures. Chief Sources of Income in 1854. Auction duties '. $18,632.67 Bank stock for dividends 43,462,41 T)nu; — 9., i • i j n. w • Baltim’e and Ohio railroad Co., k receipts from passengers on Washington Branch Road 62,877.5 3 Do interest on dividend and sterling bonds, 16,925.00 Taxes direct and specific of every de- scription 594,192.41 Live stock scales in Baltimore. 13,100.95 Lotteries 51,000.00 State tobacco inspections, in the city of Baltimore — . 31,210.73 Licenses of all kinds 164,677.49 Road stock for dividends _ $44,682.50 Susquehanna and Tide Water Canal Com- pany 65,406.10 Principal Items of Expenditure in 1854. Interest on public debt $671,628.09 Civil officers 19,097.72 Judiciary 35,138.90 Legislature 39, 41 1. 22 Public Printing 7,855.00 Sinking fund, so much transferred 132,903.45 Surplus Revenue 34,069.36 Pensions 3,742.32 Colleges, academies and schools 20,949 00 Penitentiary 8,000.00 Militia 825.00 State Colonization society 16,000.00 Indigent deaf and dumb 2,184.36 State Tobacco inspections- 19,564.07 Contingent fund for library 4,419.64 Library, increase of. 365.81 Mayor and City Council of Baltimore.... 17,735.11 State Penitentiary. — O. P. Merryman, Warden. November 30, 1853, there were in confine- ment, 349 prisoners ; received during the year, 142 ; in all, 591. Discharged during the year by expiration of sentence, 71 ; by pardon 20 ; by death 5 ; by escape 1 ; in all, 97 ; leaving in prison November 30, 1854, 394. Of those received during the year, 86 were white and 56 colored ; 127 males and 15 females ; 136 were first-comers, 4 second-comers, 1 third-comer and 1 for the seventh time. Of the 15 females 4 are white. 72 were sentenced for stleaing ; 9 for murder ; 4 for manslaughter ; 4 for assault with intent to kill ; 7 for burglary ; 5 for horse- stealing ; and 4 for arson. 100 were Americans and 42 foreigners, of whom 22 were natives of Germany, 14 of Ireland, and 6 of other foreign countries. Among the 100 Americans are included the 56 colored convicts. EDITOR’S HINT TO MEN OP BUSINESS. To every man of business we would say, Advertise. No man can count the benefits that accrue from it. Industry and talent are both admirable, but they must become generally known to bring a rich reward to the possessor. Many of our business men owe their pres- ent world-wide fame in no small measure to advertising. A business man should keep his name constantly before the public, and let the public know of every improvement he effects in his trade. A good advertisement bespeaks a good man of business ; and it is an invaria- ble rule that the man who advertises well, sells well. BESiEFIITS 0F Advertising has given to many a good business ; has saved many a falling business ; has rescued many a dull business ; has ^enlarged many a small business; has preserved many a large business; has secured success in most business, and will kill off old fogy business, and cause many to mind their business. So, hereafter, advertise your business, and have Edwards to do the business in his Book of every Business — it gives for reference men of business. SHERWOOD & CO., BUSINESS PRINTERS, CORNER OF GAY AND BALTIMORE STREETS. 92 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. J. H. MEDAIRY. H. D. MUSSELMAN. MEDAIRY & MUSSELMAN, Inntefa ml ffaitam No. 310 BALTIMORE STREET. JOHKT MANUFACTURER OF A % HD=g ac=sa ds^) No. 110 Baltimore Street, between Holliday and North, Engineers, Teachers, Chemists, Students and Manufacturers will find at my store a large and varied assortment of the most approved Jiprata anii ImjUmtnts, Both for Experimental purposes and use in Applied Science, and on terms, too, the most reasonable consistent with exact workmanship. New Machines will be constructed from explanatory drawings, and as my facil- ities for manufacturing are very ample, customers may rest assured that their or- ders will receive prompt and faithful attention. Catalogues will be furnished gratuitously upon application, prepaid, by mail. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE a STATE OF MARYLAND. Maryland, the most southern part of that division of the United States of America, usually called the “Middle States,” is situate between the latitudes 38° and 39° 43' north, and between the longitudes 75° 03' and 79° 32' west from Greenwich, or 2° 3U west and 1° 58' east from Washington. Its outline is extremely irregular, except on the north and east, where Mason and Dixon’s line constitutes the fron- tier, and separates Maryland from the adjoining states of Pennsylvania and Dela- ware. On the south the Potomac river, with a winding channel and a circuitous general course, is its limitary stream, and divides it from Virginia. The main body of the eastern section is bounded by Delaware state line ; but a narrow strip, projecting eastward to the sea, intrudes itself between that state and the Virginia portion of Chesapeake peninsula. The periphery of the state is estimated to be about 766 miles : namely, from the mouth of Potomac river to the source of its north branch, 320 miles ; thence north to the Pennsylvania line, 35 miles ; thence along that .line eastward, 199 miles ; thence along the west and south line of Delaware, 122 miles ; thence along the Atlantic Ocean, 32 miles ; thence across the peninsula to the mouth of Pocomoke river, 20 miles ; and directly west to the confluence of Potomac river with Chesapeake Bay, the place of beginning, about 38 miles. Within this outline is contained a superficies of 13,959 square miles ; but of this extent only 9,674 square miles are land, the residue being covered by the waters of Chesapeake Bay and its numerous inlets and bays. Maryland is naturally divided into three distinct geographical sections. The first section comprises that portion lying to the east of Susquehanna river and Chesapeake Bay, known locally as the “ Eastern Shore,” and which contains the counties of Worcester, Somerset, Dorchester, Talbot, Caroline, Queen Anne, Kent and Cecil. It forms a part of that long peninsula, which, projecting south- ward towards and into the Atlantic Ocean, divides the waters of Chesapeake and Delaware bays, and which, though of very limited extent, comprises the whole of one state, and portions of two others. The surface of the whole tract is level, and but slightly elevated above the sea ; and in every part its soils are more or less sandy, but, in their general character, may be considered as above the average in respect of their adaptation to the purposes of agriculture. Eew rocks are found in any part, and the mineral deposits are chiefly bog iron-ore, chromes, &c., with aluminous and magnesian salts. Marl, shell-lime, marsh mud, peat or turf, and other agents used as fertilizers, abound. In the northern districts of this region, however, the country is hilly, and in some parts has a rocky substratum — the rocks chiefly sandstone and slate. The forest growths consist principally of oaks of various species, hickory, chestnut, pine, locust, walnut, cedar, gum, beech, and a great variety of shrub and herbaceous annuals. Wheat, Indian corn and tobacco, are MURPHY & CO. BOOKSELLERS, PUBLISHERS, HUNTERS AND STATIONERS, MARKET ST . 178 BALTIMORE, Keep constantly on hand, a large and well selected Stock of SCB001. CLASSICAL 119 MISCELLAIIIOS BOOKS, BLA1E BOOKS. English, French and American Cap, Fetter and Note Papers, Ac. COMMIEncX^Xj .TNT Xj '^7' tat, a tvt gg BANK CHECKS, DRAETS, PROMISSORY NOTES, &c., in every variety, Which they are prepared to sell, Wholesale Sf Retail, at lowest prices, on favorable terms. MURPHY'S UNALTERABLE STEREOGRAPHIC BANK CHECKS. improved ‘styles of^U N A LT^RA^ ^F aw® JgS" 3 - an % th . e . Mercantile Community generally, to their new and a styles ot UI\ AL l EKABLE BANK CHECKS, as affording a great protection against alteration or erasure nLI n « ariS °I acids ° r ot j ierwise without detection at a glance. These Checks combine a degree of unsurpassed neatness and security, and are sold at the same prices as the ordinary Checks. ^ R ECOMMENBATIONS: We have examined Specimens of MURPHY’S UNALTERABLE STEREOGR \PHIC BANK CHFCKS and take pleasure in recommending them to Banking Institutions, and the Mercantile Community, as an article of GREAT SECURITY, GENERAL UTILITY, AND NEATNESS 1 T>‘ ^\ Jamis ° n > Cashier Baric of Balto.\ Philip Littig, Cashier Marine Bank. J. H. Carter Cashier Western Bank L W Luh r„ £ Loney, (U. Far. a MercUs. Bank. J. Low Jas.VY Ain uU, Cask. Mechanics Bk. T. Cross, Cashier Com. <$• Far. Bank. W. L. Richardson, Cash. Citizens' B’k. A. P. Giles, Cashier F, anklm Bank. |D. Spngg, Cashier Merchants’ Bank. Josiah Lee, Banking House. CHECK BOOKS on all the Banks in the City, of all sizes, from 50 cents upwards, constantly for sale or nrinfpd to order at short notice, with the names of Firms or Institutions printed in the ends. ’ ^ |)kin ani ©rnamnttel anfr Joli Hrintinp;. ..a — Ar . Murphy & Co. having in connection with their Bnokstorp. mie nf thp mn.t — Print to order at short notice. Cards Circulars Bill-Heads Dr aft s Promiss’y Notes Bills Exchange Blank Deeds Cashiers’ Blanks Bank Checks Bills of Lading VTay Bills Law Blanks Books Pamphlets Catalogues, Sfc. Murphy & Co. having in connection with then Bookstore, one of the most com- plete and extensive Printing Establishments in the country, under their immediate personal superintendence, to which they have recently added the most approved Printing Machines in use, enables them to offer inducements, pecuniary and other- wise, to such as contemplate Printing or Publishing, not attainable under other circumstances. Particular attention paid to Fine Work for Banking and other Institutions, Insurance, Rail Road, Telegraph, Steamboat, Express, and other Joint Stock Companies, Transportation Jlgents, Public Offices, $c. Printing in Gold, Silver, Bronze & Fancy Colored Inks. PAGED BLANK BOOKS, BLANK BOOKS WITH PRINTED HEADINGS, &e. These Books are manufactured in their own Establishment under their imme- diate inspection, of the best Linen Paper. They respectfully solicit a careful examination of the Materials and Workmanship, from the Mercantile Community. Having united with their Printing Establishment a BOOK BINDERY, well sup- plied with the most approved machinery and experienced workmen, enables them to afford superior facilities and advantages in manufacturing every description of work in which Printing and Ruling are combined, well worthy the attention of Bank- ing Institutions, Insurance Offices, Rail Road, Steamboat, Canal, Telegraph, Ex- press, and other Joint Stock Companies, Transportation Agents, Puulic Offices, &c. BLANK BOOKS of every description, kept constantly on hand or manufactured to order in a superior manner, to any pattern ofRuling at short m. tice. ORDERS from any part of the U. Slates will meet with strict attention. Keep constantly on hand: Ledgers Journals Day Books Cash Books Sales Books Blotters Check Books j Copijing Books 3 Receipt Books ij Copy Book r Dockets 4. | j Hotel Registel Pocket Ledger Pass Books Bill Books, 6fc. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. the staple productions ; and in the more southern counties, the cotton plant is said to succeed Well. The climate is temperate, and highly favorable to the enjoy- ment and extended duration of life. The land area of this section is computed at 3,386 square miles, or 2,167,040 acres. The peninsula of which this portion of Maryland forms a part, is about 180 miles in length from the north line of the state to Cape Charles, and has an area of about 5,980 square miles ; — the neck between the inclosing bays is only about 17 miles wide; but, as it stretches south- ward, it expands gradually to the width of 70 miles, and then as gradually contracts until it terminates in a long, narrow tongue, called Accomac peninsula, about 50 miles in length and ten miles wide. The coast on the Chesapeake is deeply in- dented by numerous spacious gulfs and estuaries ; such as those at the confluence with the bay of the Pocomoke, Nanticoke, Choptank, Chester and Elk rivers ; each receiving considerable streams from the interior and affording great facilities to navigation. The eastern coast presents a striking contrast when compared with the western coast. “ Between the ocean and the cultivated portion of the country, there is a prolonged sandy beach, varying from a few hundred yards to a quarter of a mile or upwards in breadth, and extending the whole length of the coast, without a single outlet to the ocean, from Indian river, in Delaware, to the south- ern extremity of Chincoteague Island, in Virginia. Between this beach and the main-land lies Sinepuxent Bay, from one to four or five miles wide, and nearly 30 miles in length. It is a shallow sheet of water, navigable only to a short distance above South Point, at the lower end of Sinepuxent Neck.” Some inlets that for- merly existed in this beach, and admitted the sea, are now closed, and the waters of the bay have become comparatively fresh. The second section, comprising what is usually called the Western Shore, consists of another peninsula lying inland be- tween the Potomac river and Chesapeake Bay, and up to the line of the river falls, which extend from above Port Deposit to above Georgetown. In its general features, soil and productions, it closely resembles the section of country already described. It is alluvial in its formation, and lying principally on the western shores of the bay, or upon the eastern bank of the lower Potomac, has the same climate as the “ Eastern Shore.” The counties comprised in this section are St. Mary’s, Calvert, Charles, Prince George, Anne Arundel, Howard, parts of Mont- gomery, Baltimore, and Harford. The territorial extent of these counties is about 3,698 square miles, or 2,366,520 acres. The leading geographical feature of the north-western part of this section, is the ledge of primitive rocks which runs from the left bank of the Potomac, in Montgomery county, north-eastwardly to the Susquehanna river, where it crosses the north line of the state. The primitive ledge forms a natural boundary between the alluvial region and the mountainous district of Maryland ; which latter constitutes the third or western section, passing through which we meet with, in succession, South East Mountain or Parr’s Ridge, terminating with Sugar-Loaf Mountain, on the Potomac ; Catoctin Mountain, reaching the same river at the Point of Rocks ; South Mountain or Blue Ridge, crossing it at Harper’s Ferry ; the Kittatinny, crossing it at Hancock ; Rugged Mountain, Wills Mountain, and other detached ridges ; and the great Alleghany ridge, traversing the far western part of the state. Many fine valleys interlie the mountains, which in climate and soil are not surpassed by the most favored re gions of the earth. This section extends along the left bank of the Potomac to the western boundary of the state, and, following the sinuosities of the river, is nearly 175 miles in length, but so irregular in shape that, though it is more than 100 miles wide at the eastern end, it is compressed in the middle by the near approach f the border lines of Virginia and Pennsylvania to a width of less than three miles. From the base of the primitive ledge, which is, in fact, a lower branch of the Apa- tachian chain, the surface gradually rises to the head waters of the Potomac river 2,000 or more feet. This represents the rise from tide- water at Baltimore to the dividing grounds in Alleghany county, between the waters of the Potomac and 96 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. SILK db STRAW HOUSE, ARMSTRONG, CATOR & CO. IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF if AlkMM Mi H ^ - ^ 1 ™ 111 1 AJSTD STRAW BONNETS, No. 237 Baltimore Street, between Charles and Hanover. used G. W. S. NICHOLSON, M ANUF ACTKRER OF Surgical rtnix genial Instruments, trusses, gaitbage AND FRACTURE APPARATUS IN EVERY VARIETY, 3STO- 11 LIGHT STREET. Constantly for sale Elastic Stockings and Shoulder Braces, and all articles by Doctors, Surgeons or Dentists. SILVER W OOD & SHEOKELLS, 6KAI3TE GUTTERS AND STOW HIASOiS, DEALERS IN NEW YORK FLAG STONES, &c. CANAL STREET, NEAR MONUMENT STREET. ATTEND TO EVERY DESCRIPTION OF THE ABOVE BUSINESS ON THE MOST REASON- ABLE TERMS. EffijSj® JOSHUA ROBINSON. lift' JAMES C. KREMER- ROBINSON k KREMER, Wholesale Manufacturers and Dealers in IP ___ AN D Sheet Iron Wares, |, BLOCK TIN', BXtlTA-IIxnNriA. METAL, BATHING APPARATUS, &c. No. 333 BALTIMORE STREET, FIRST DOOR ABOVE HOWARD STREET. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. tSose falling into Ohio river. Embraced in this section are Carroll, Frederick Washington and Alleghany counties, which together cover an area of 2,590 square miles, or 1,657,600 acres. Chesapeake Bay, which divides the state into two unequal parts, in its greatest extent lies within Maryland. It is a noble sheet of water, equaled in its com- mercial capacities by few of the great estuaries that in various parts of the world have attracted the notice and admiration of the mariner. Its entrance between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, in Virginia, is about 15 miles in width, and opens from east to west; but on penetrating the land it suddenly changes its direction, and stretches from south to north over a distance of 180 miles, with a width in the southern part of 20 to 30 miles, and in the northern part of about 10 miles. It is, throughout, deep and navigable for large vessels, and it receives a great many deep and navigable rivers, of which the largest and principal are from Virginia. Its area is about 3,500 square miles. The Susquehanna river has its lower course in Maryland ; the tide reaches Port Deposit five miles from its mouth, above which there are falls ; the Patapsco river is a fine mill-stream falling into the bay of the same name below Baltimore; the Patuxent, the principal river of the Western Shore, is a wide stream, flowing nearly parallel with the Potomac, and navigable to Nottingham about 50 miles for large vessels ; the Elk, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, and Pocomoke, on the Eastern Shore, are navigable for 30 or 40 miles ; and the Monocacy river, Antietam creek and Conecocheague creek are the prin- cipal tributaries of the Potomac in Maryland. All these contribute to the volume of the waters of Chesapeake Bay, and, in their several courses, furnish fine avenues of internal trade, or provide water-power sufficient for all the purposes of exten- sive manufacturing operations. The Potomac, common to Virginia and Maryland, forming the boundary between the two, is the most important of all the streams of the latter, and the largest of the tributaries of the Chesapeake. It rises in the recesses of the Alleghany Mountains, and reaches the bay between Point Lookout and Smith’s Point. This river is seven and a half miles wide at its mouth, and navigable for ships of the greatest burden for 300 miles from the sea, three miles below the head of tide-water. Above this point, the navigation is obstructed by a succession of falls, around which, however, canals have been dug, and the naviga- ble channel so far improved as to render the river passable for boats to Cumber- land 191 miles above Washington. The descent of the Potomac, from the mouth of Savage river to Cumberland, a distance of 31 miles, is 445 feet ; from Cumber- land to the Shenandoah Falls, 130 miles, it is 490 feet ; hence to Great Falls, 40 miles, 39 feet ; and between these and tide-water, 12 miles, 143 feet; making the whole descent from the mouth of Savage river to tide- water, a distance of 213 mile3, 1,117 feet, or, on the average, 5J feet in each mile. Rising westward of the Alleghany Mountains is the Youghiogeny, the only river of Maryland that does not empty its waters into Chesapeake Bay : it flows northward through Alleghany county, and passing into Pennsylvania, falls into Monongahela river, 18 miles s. e. of Pittsburg ; and thence its waters are carried through the Ohio and Missis- sippi rivers to the Gulf of Mexico. To comprehend the geology of Maryland,* we must understand the general facts as to the structure of the broad plain which skirts the ocean in the middle and south- ern states; of the less elevated region lying west of this plain, called sometimes the Atlantic slope ; and of the great Apalachian chain, which includes the greatest variety of rocks and the most important formations. Commencing at the ocean and proceeding westward, we find a low and almost level region. This plain extends from New-Jersey through the southern states. As the soil composing this plain consists of incoherent materials, which are easily washed away, the tide flows across it and forms large estuaries, where it meets the * The whole of this article on geology is taken from the census of Maryland, the less impor tant points being omitted or abbreviated. 13 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. «— B 98 FRANCIS GROVE, WHOLESALE DEALER IN NOS. 8 -AND lO -A.'VEISrTTE. ROBERT T. BANKS, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN China, Class, f|neensware, &c. 55 SOUTH STREET, (late MARYLAND POTTERIES,) AND 41 BALTIMORE STREET. james t. McCullough, AND SOLICITOR IN CHANCERY, ELITOI, CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND. J. GATHERS & BRO. !D E -A. I. B !R. S 1 3NT NEW AND OLD AND RARE BOOKS, &c. No, 102 Baltimore Street, corner of Holliday, Keep always on hand an extensive and well selected collection of SCARCE and CURIOUS ENGLISH and AMERICAN BOOKS, containing some of the most rare and valuable works on the Fine Arts, the Drama, Heraldry, Astrology, Theology and Religion, Greek, Roman, French, Spanish, and early English and American History, Literature, &c. A large assortment of new and second-hand CLASSICAL and SCHOOL BOOKS, at half the regular prices, comprising all the kinds now in general use. A tine collection of new and second hand LAW and MEDICAL WORKS. Our stock of MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS will be found to contain almost every work of any note in the whole range of Modern Literature, Science or Art. All the NEW BOOKS, NOVELS, MAGAZINES and PAMPHLETS, as soon as published. Also full and half bound BLANK, RECEIPT, MEMORANDUM and PASS BOOKS; LETTER, FOOLS- CAP, MEDIUM, NOTE, TISSUE and DRAWING PAPERS; PENS, INK, WAFERS, ENVELOPES, &c. Confident in our ability to sell cheap, we cordially invite the book buying public to call and examine our stock before purchasing elsewhere. All orders for quantities or the single copy, from any part of the state or country, attended to with dispatch. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. rivers which flow from the interior. This plain does not now present an unbroken surface, but is marked by minor irregularities and undulations, which have been due to the action of brooks, creeks, and rain torrents ; still, the general character of a broad level is preserved, as it is in the ocean, notwithstanding its surface is broken by waves. The portion of the plain lying in Maryland, which is sometimes called the tide-water district, embraces nearly one-half of the territory of the state. This great region, which once formed the bed of an ancient ocean, and has risen by means of those elevatory forces which have acted upon all the continents, con- tains beneath its surface unquestioned records of the epochs when its materials were deposited. In the strata which compose this plain towards the north, in New-Jersey, fossils are found indicating that the strata belong to the cretaceous or chalk formation, which occupies in the geological scale the upper part of the secondary formation. The cretaceous strata, if they exist in Maryland, are con- cealed by the overlying deposits ; but they probably form the floor of these depo- sits from New-Jersey to North Carolina, where they again appear at the surface. The fossils found in the cliffs and banks of the Atlantic plain, prove that the strata which compose it belong principally to the tertiary formation, which lies next the chalk.* All the tertiary deposits, with the exception of the pliocene, occur in the state. The inclination of the tertiary beds in Maryland is very slight, and towards the southeast, so that the Potomac below Washington presents sections of each of the divisions, the lower beds rising to the surface as we proceed west. The later tertiary or post pliocene, which represents the epochs next antecedent to the introduction of the human race, occurs in Maryland only in limited patches. The principal one is in St. Mary’s county. To this period are referred the nume- rous beds of oysters which skirt the low margins of the islets and rivers of Mary- land, and which are usually attributed to the agency of the aborigines. The deposit in St. Mary’s county is interesting, as containing several southern species, and par- ticularly the gnathadon caneatus , which is now found only in the warmer water's of the Gulf of Mexico ; a fact indicating the prevalence in this region of a climate like that of Florida, at the period of the formation of this deposit. The miocene formation, which underlies the last-named deposits, is the most widely extended of the tertiary beds. The principal marl beds are in this formation. It occurs near Chestertown, Wye Mills, on Choptank river, near Easton, and at other places near the Eastern Shore ; also through the counties of St. Mary’s, Calvert, &c. Within the miocene, at Piscataway, has been traced a remarkable bed of silicious clay, entirely composed of silicious cases (of infusoria) so minute as only to be detected by a powerful microscope, yet containing distinct specific characters, en- abling us to refer them to the miocene. Of the shells in the miocene deposits in this state, about seventeen per cent, have been identified with living species. Thus, at this remote period, the peculiar distribution of living mollusca, which now exists, had begun to prevail in the region of Maryland, while at this geological era the fauna were so distinct from the present, that four-fifths of the species now living had not come into existence. An abrupt line of demarcation exists between the fossil groups of the miocene' and eocene, which lies next below the former. Before the deposition of the mio- cene beds, some event has occurred, like a sudden fall in the temperature of the ocean, which has destroyed every kind of animal life ; for in the miocene deposits, not a single form of the lower tertiary bed exists, even where the two beds are in juxtaposition. The eocene, which towards the ocean has been sunk beneath the + By collecting all the fossils contained in any tertiary deposit, and comparing them with existing species, the geologist is enabled to classify the deposits into one of three great groups. In the lowest deposit or group but few recent species are found. It is thence called the eocene or dawn of recent species. The next above contains a minority of recent species, and is thence called miocene. Over this occurs a deposit containing a majority of recent species, which is called pliocene, and above the last a deposit called the post pliocene. 100 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY, This Remedy is guaranteed to Cure all External Cancer where vital Organs are not affected. TERMS — NO CURE NO PAY. To that portion of the human family who are afflicted with disease, this subject is one of serious import, in- volving no less than the question of life or death. All Medical writers speak of this disease as incurable except by the aid of the knife, which is as likely to kill as to cure ; and the experience of the Medical profession is, that in nine cases out of ten where Cancer is removed by the knife, it returns again in a very short time ; the reason is, that Cancer is a tumor which sends out its roots or fangs in every direction, and although the bulk of the disease may be cut away, the extremity of the roots remains in the flesh, to sprout out again at no distant day with renewed virulence. The failure of the Medical profession heretofore to cure this disease, has invested it with a terror that accom- panies scareelv any other malady. CAN CANCER BE CURED ? is still the inquiry of the suffering. I have no hesitancy in saying that Cancer can he cured ; and that too without the use of caustic or knife, dnd is therefore no longer to be regarded as in- curable. 1 HAVE NO HESITATION IN PLEDGING MYSELF TO THE PUBLIC THAT I WILL IN A FEW WEEKS EFFECT A CURE OF EXTERNAL CANCER ! I MAKE THIS BOLD ASSERTION AND WILL DO WHAT I SAY, IN ALL ORDINARY CASES. Let the afflicted test the matter for themselves, there will be no risk run, nor lo«s incurred by giving it a fair trial. I put it upon its own merits, and no pay required until a cure is effected or full satisfaction given. There has not been a single instance out of the many applications I have made of this wonderful remedy where the results have not been uniform in the removal ot all cancerous tumors, some of which have been of a number of years’ standing, and abandoned by the regular profession as UTTERLY INCURABLE, in proof of which there is an abundance of testimony all over the country. Persons afflicted with this disease should not delay, but apply at once, and have the tumor extracted before the fangs have extended to the vital organs, and the whole system becomes affected, for then indeed all remedy is hopeless. But if the application be made before the disease has become constitutional, a few weeks will suffice to make a permanent and radical cure. Persons at a distance requiring any further evidence or information who are afflicted themselves, or have friends so afflicted, can obtain it at once, by sending their inquiii s to my address, JOHN HEIRS, No, 102 Baltimore Street. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. miocene, rises shortly after passing a line from Fort Washington to Annapolis. Of two hundred species of shells found in this formation, not one now exists on the coast, or is found in the more recent deposits of the United States, although many are identical with the eocene fossils of the Paris basin. A circumstance of much economical interest in relation to this formation is the occurrence, in many locali- ties of the eocene, of that most valuable fertilizer, the green sand, which occurs in the secondary beds of New-Jersey, and has added so much to the agricultural wealth of that state. The decomposed shells, or marl, of the tertiary have con- tributed, in scarcely a less degree, to the fertility of the lower counties of Mary- land. The head of tide water forms the limit of the tertiary. On the western borders of this formation, all along the Atlantic coast, all the great rivers descend by falls and rapids. At these points the navigation is stopped, and large cities have sprung up. Thus the western boundary of the tertiary is a line of great geographical and political interest. Proceeding westward from the limit of the tertiary, we find a belt of stratified metamorphic, or hypogene rocks, which ranges nearly parallel with the Atlantic coast. These rocks include gneiss, micaceous, chloritic, and tal- cose slates, and beds of serpentine, granite, and limestone. The width of this belt, in Maryland, from its eastern border to the points where its rocks begin to be covered unconformably with new red sandstone, is from 20 to 30 miles. This re- gion is characterized by hills generally of moderate height, but sometimes rising as high as nine hundred feet above mid tide. Their summits are rounded, and present a striking contrast to the lorig, steep, parallel ridges of the Alleghanies. The beds of the rivers which pass through this region are in deeply-cleft valleys, with rounded or abrupt sides, that afford small tracts of alluvial soil. The general inclination of these hypogene rocks is to the southeast, at an angle of about 45° ; the direction of the range is northeast and southwest. The principal minerals and rocks of economical value in this belt are the gneiss, which forms an excellent and indestructible material for ordinary building purposes ; primary limestone, or sac- charoidal marble, extensively used for building purposes in Baltimore and Wash- ington ; hydrosilicates of magnesia, which furnish a material for the production of a large amount of magnesia. The serpentine of Harford county, and the northern border of Cecil county, has yielded a large amount of ferroxide of chrome, for making pigments and dyes ; titaniated iron, which occurs in gneiss, has been worked with success in Harford county. Ores of brown hematite, extensively used in Maryland for the manufacture of iron of excellent quality, occur in beds of clay and loam, particularly on the borders of the primary limestone within this belt. Near Frederick, in passing westward, we perceive that the hypogene rocks begin to be covered with unconformable beds of red sandstone. This group of rocks is one of the most remarkably uniform in the country, possessing the same charac- teristics from the Hudson to North Carolina. It consists of dark reddish brown argillaceous sandstones, of crumbly-brown shales and coarse conglomerates. The strata dip gently towards the northwest, or towards the mountains. The beds, which show themselves along the southeastern edge of the tract, consist mostly of coarse sandstones, alternating with red shales. The central parts consist more exclusively of brown shales and brown argillaceous sandstone. The uppermost beds, or those occurring along the northwestern margin of the formation, have fre- quently the character of coarse conglomerates, made up of pebbles deri ved from a great variety of rocks, chiefly those which occur at the base or on the side of the adjoining South mountain. The beds of rock on the Potomac, which have fur- nished the material from which the columns in the House of Representatives in the Capitol at Washington have been constructed, belong to this formation, the pebbles and the cementing materials in these beds being of limestone. The few fossil fishes and shells found in this formation establish its age to be that of the upper new red sandstones of Europe, or the period of the middle ages of geologi- BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 102 JAS. H. MILLI.KIN 8c SON, UMBRELLA MANUFACTURERS, 3STO- 267 STREET. J03T Agents for Baeder, Delany & Adamson’s Cow-Hide Whips, Sand, Emery Paper and Emery Cloth. Also for Buckskin Gloves, Mitts and Gauntlets. w s x* WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, No. 257 BALTIMORE STREET, THIRD DOOR EAST OF nANOVER STREET. J£3T He keeps constantly on hand a large assortment of the latest styles of Watches and Jewelry. ONE PRICE ONLY! S. C. WIN CHESTER, GENTLEMEN’S RIGHT ON TIIE CORNER OF BALTIMORE AND LIGHT STREETS. Shirts, Stocks, Ties and Collars, Handkerchiefs and Cravats, ready hemmed ; Gloves, Scarfs, Sus- penders, Drawers, Under Shirts, Half Hose, &e. Heinisch’s Patent Tailor’s Shears, Trimmers, Points and Scissors, at Patentee’s prices. Shirts, Stocks and Collars made to order. In the adoption of and a strict adherence to One Price Only, strangers have the surest guarantee of paying but a fair price for their purchases. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF TIIE STATE OF MARYLAND. cal history. To this formation belong the most important localities of copper ores in Maryland. Indeed, this formation is the depository of the principal copper mines in the United States, the beds containing the copper of Lake Superior being now referred to this formation. After passing the formation of new red sandstone, which occupies, as we have seen, a narrow trough in the hypogene or metamorphic rocks, proceeding west- wardly, we approach the first ridge of the Alleganies or the great Apalaehian chain A rapid glance at the general features in the structure of the whole chain will en- able us to comprehend more fully the portion of the chain which exists in this state. This chain, geologically considered, extends from Vermont to Alabama, being more than 1,000 miles long, from 50 to 100 miles broad, and varying in height from 800 to 4,000 feet. Unlike the great chains of many countries which contain a principal central mountain, to which all the minor ranges tend, this sys- tem consists of a broad zone of almost innumerable parallel ridges of nearly equal parallel height. The characteristic features of the ridges are great length, narrow- ness, and steepness, the evenness of their summits, and their remarkable parallel- ism ; many of them are almost straight for more than 50 miles. This feature, combined with their steep slopes and sharp and level summits, gives them the appearance, seen in perspective, of so many colossal intrenchments. The first belt of the chain, having in a less degree the characteristics above mentioned, is the narrow undulating mountain range called, in New-York and New-Jersey, the Highlands ; in Pennsylvania, the South Mountain ; in Maryland, the South Moun- tain or Blue Ridge — the latter name being applied to the range in Virginia — the Ca- toctin mountain, which is the first chain of importance which presents itself in Maryland as we proceed west, being a spur of the Blue Ridge. The rocks of this belt are, for the most part, of the older metamorphic strata, including gneiss, mica- ceous, chloritic, argillaceous and talcose slates, and the Pottsdam sandstone. Such is the character of the rocks exposed by the canal and railroad excavations at Har- per’s Ferry. Immediately northwest of this mountain range is the great Apala- chian valley, which ranges from Vermont to Alabama under various local names. The portion lying in Maryland is called the Hagerstown valley. The latter, like the continuation of the same valley north and south, is principally based upon the Trenton limestone, remarkable as containing all the great caverns in the country. Beyond this valley to the northwest is a wide belt of long, narrow, parallel ridges and included valleys, spreading northwestward to the foot of the great plateau of the Alleghany or Cumberland mountain. This belt has a breadth varying from thirty to sixty miles. These narrow and parallel ridges consist of strata folded into a succession of convex and concave strata, which have been subsequently laid open by denudation. They consist of silurian, devonian, and carboniferous forma- tions, adopting the terms applied to similar formations in England — the older groups, or silurian, lying chiefly along the southeastern flank of the Apalachians, and the carboniferous making their appearance as we proceed west. It is evident that these beds, now so much folded and fractured, were originally horizontal, and formed continuous deposits with the rocks of the great western coal field. It ap- pears that the bending and fracture of the beds is greatest on the Atlantic side of the chain, and the strata become less and less disturbed as w r e proceed towards the west. The most important feature in the geology of the Apalaehian chain, as it exists in Maryland, is the occurrence among its strata of the carboniferous for- mation, and its included beds of coal and ores of iron. There are three important coal areas within the state ; two northwest of the so-called Backbone of the Alle- gany mountain; the northwest, or Youghiogeny field, estimated to contain 250 square miles ; the middle area, between Negro and Meadow mountains, estimated to contain 120 square miles. These fields, lying in the midst of a forest region, have not been thoroughly explored. The estimates of their value cannot be much relied on. This is of comparatively little importance, as from their location they 104 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. M. BARRETT & BRO. CARVERS AND GILDERS, No. 82 Howard Street, Corner of Saratoga, MANUFACTURERS OF looking (fplnss, |tetrnit&|}irfttte |tanw, BRACKET TABLES, WINDOW CORNICES, A TV DO GILT €> 3FI. 3£§£ * dbc. IN ALL ITS VARIETY. OLD WORK RE-GILT WITH NEATNESS. Those wishing Picture Frames, Looking Glasses, &c., will do well to call on Messrs. Barrett & Broth- er, as they guarantee satisfaction in every respect. VVe shall hereafter have something more to say about them in our Leading Pursuits and Leading Men. — Editor. See page 82. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF TIIE STATE OF MARYLAND. must remain for a long time undisturbed. The Frostburg, or Cumberland coal basin, lies between Davis mountain to the east, and Savage mountain to the west, extending within the state twenty miles in length, with an average breadth of four and a half miles. The carboniferous strata, composing the coal series, consisting, as elsewhere, of shale, grit, sandstone, limestone, argillaceous iron ore, and coal, dip on every side towards the centre of the trough. The successive beds have been compared, in shape, to a great number of Indian canoes, placed one within the other. The entire thickness of the coal measures about 1,500 feet. The present surface of the basin is irregular, as it has been intersected by numerous deep ravines, formed by streams and rivers. By these means large portions of the beds have been swept away. Wherever the beds have been cut off by the intervention of a valley, they are seen on the opposite sides at the same level, showing that the beds were once continuous. The whole amount of denudation has been estimated at 26,250 acres, 86,847 acres or 135 square miles, being the supposed present area of the coal. This denudation has given great facility for exploration of the strata and working the coal, and saves the large expenditures necessary in other regions for draining the mines. The whole quantity of coal may be extracted without the use of a shaft. The principal seam has been ten feet in thickness of workable coal, and there are several other workable beds of less thickness ; the whole thickness of available coal having been estimated at 45 feet. The data above given, sup- posing the whole coal to be accessible, would make the gross amount in this basin 6,305,137,827 tons, and the available quantity, making the ordinary deductions, over four thousand million tons. The analysis of the Cumberland coal shows it to be of the kind denominated dry or close burning, or intermediate between the fat coal of Pittsburg and the anthracite of Pennsylvania. Experiments prove that this coal, in evaporative power, occupies the very highest place among American coals. This is further demonstrated by its extensive use in the ocean steamers. It will be seen from this rapid sketch, in which, from want of space, many interesting details are omitted, that the State of Maryland, in the extended range of its geological formations, is favored with one of the most important physical elements of prosperity. The same cause has been in a high degree conducive to the wealth of England. The tertiary of Maryland has contributed a soil of easy tillage and inexhaustible supplies of the best and cheapest material for enriching it. Its incoherent beds have suffered the tide to penetrate far inland, thus giving the advantages of the seaboard to the inhabitant of the interior. The metamorphic rocks furnish the best materials for construction near the points where they are most needed, and producing water-falls on the rivers at the borders of the Atlantic plain, have placed the sites of manufactures near the great water highways. The shales and sandstones of the secondary have formed new varieties of soil, and con- tributed new material for architecture and metallurgy. To the Silurian formation is due the broad and fertile valley resting on the Trenton limestone, and to the peculiar structure of the Apalachian chain, the rich glades of the upper mountain valleys. Finally, the carboniferous beds supply without limit the minerals most essential to commerce and the arts — coal, the indispensable aliment of industry, and iron, the instrument with which all wealth is created. Kent Island, now forming a portion of Queen Anne county, was the site of the first white settlement within the present limits of Maryland. In 1631, William Claiborne, with a party of men from Virginia, commenced a colony on the island. But the charter under which Maryland was permanently established was granted to Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, by Charles I., and bears date 20th June, 1632. The province covered by this grant, however, had been partially explored by Sir George Calvert, the father of the grantee, four years previously. The name, Terra Maria or Mary’s land, was given it in honor of Henrietta Maria, queen of the reigning monarch. The “ Ark” and the “ Dove,” the two vessels de- signed to convey the emigrants, about 200 in all and chiefly Roman Catholics, to 106 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. °' STEV£ % $ oo cr: Pxq Q co p=: cr; o o co CO >- CO W t=a CO BLINDS AND GLAZED SASH, NEWELL POSTS, BALUSTERS, &c. 3M jQ B. F. STARR & CO. No. 398 PRATT STREET, NEAR BALTIMORE AND OHIO R. R. STATION, MANUFACTURERS OF FRENCH BURRS IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN IE 3 © Ha IS BOXjTHsTO CLOTHS, Calcined Plaster and Mill Irons, of warranted quality. Also Cologne, Cocalico, and Esopus Mill Stones of all sizes. JOHN D. HAMMOND, Harness & Trunk MANUFACTURER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, KTo. 355 BiLljTIMIOIlE STREET, (opposite the eutaw house,) Manufactures and keeps constantly on hand every description of HARNESS, TllUNKS, VALISES, CARPET BAGS, COLLARS, and every other article in his line. All orders executed with neatness and dispatch. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. which Baltimore was the centre was the only one then existing. In 1810, on the division of his see into several bishoprics, he was made an archbishop. The re- organization of the other religious bodies is not so peculiarly connected with the history of Maryland as that of the Roman Catholic denomination, and is therefore passed over in this connection. The Federal Constitution was readily and heartily adopted by Maryland. The Convention that accepted it on the part of the state, met on the 21st April, 1788, and adjourned on the 28th, having agreed to the instrument, without reservation or amendment, by a vote of 63 to 11. From this period to the war of 1812, the history of Maryland presents nothing calling for special notice. During that war Admiral Cockburn, commanding the British naval forces, committed on the shores of Chesapeake Bay a series of wan- ton outrages against the property and persons of the citizens. In the spring of 1813 the villages of Frenchtown, Havre de Grace, Fredericktown and George- town, were plundered and burnt by his orders, and in August, 1814, occurred the expedition of General Ross against the city of Washington. Cockburn, since the opening of the preceding year, had been cruizing about the bay and the mouth of the Potomac, with four ships of the line and six frigates ; in the course of the summer he was largely reinforced, and in August a landing was effected at Bene- dict, on the Patuxent, some thirty-five miles south-east of Washington. The land force was under the command of General Ross, and was 5,000 strong. It pro- ceeded towards Washington; the militia of Maryland and of the District assem- bled under General Winder, to oppose their march ; but the Americans were in no condition to resist their numerous and well-disciplined enemies. The army retired to Bladensburg, and w r as reinforced by Gen. Stansbury, with 2,100 Mary- land troops, including the sailors and marines of Commodore Barney. At this point it was resolved to risk an action in defence of the national capital. The re- sult of the conflict that ensued was not fortunate to the American arms. The British gained a complete victory, though at a cost of life much greater than the loss sustained by the Americans. The victors marched on to Washington, oc- cupied the city as long as they thought advisable, and then returned to their ship- ping at Benedict. They, however, sullied the laurels which their daring and suc- cessful expedition might have gained for them, by an act of Vandalic barbarism, to which the annals of modern warfare among civilized nations hardly furnishes a paral- lel. While in secure possession of the seat of government, they burnt and destroyed the Capitol, the President’s house, the offices of the Treasury, War and Navy, all the national records accessible to them, the public library, and other property belonging to the public and individuals. Their loss in this expedition is said to have been four hundred in killed and wounded, and five hundred prisoners. At nearly the same time Alexandria was occupied and plundered, or laid under trib- ute. The remaining principal incidents of the war particularly belonging to the history of Maryland, are the battle of North Point and the defence of Baltimore. The British forces engaged at North Point numbered 5,000, and were under Gen. Ross. He was killed in a skirmish between parties of the advance, immediately before the battle. The Americans were commanded by Gen. Striker, who had under his command 3,200 men. The result of the engagement was unfavorable to the invaders, though the American general judged it prudent to retire towards Baltimore. The British lost about 400 men, and the Americans about half that number. The battle of North Point was fought 13th September, 1814. On the evening of next day the enemy commenced a bombardment of Fort McHenry, the work chiefly relied upon for the defence of the city. The attack was gallantly repelled, and the failure of the operations during the night, which were conducted by land and water, was so complete that a day or two after the land forces were taken on board the shipping, and all attempts against Baltimore were finally 16 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 122 THOMAS PLACK, CONTINUES THE RECTIFYING AND DISTILLING OF Brandies, Gin and Cordials, A.1STTD A. XjX. IMPORTED LIQUORS, AT THE OLD STAND, CORNER OF BOWLY AND GILFORD STREETS. ROBINSON, IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN mm, SEGARS, <& o . 3NTo. 33 SOUTH STREET. WM. M. STAKE. 6. D. TEWKSBURY. WESLEY STARR & SONS, GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS, For the Sale of Leaf Tobacco , Flour , Provisions , Western Produce , &c. Nos. 85 and 87 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, Between Pratt and Camden Streets, near tlie Tobacco Inspection Warehouses. ^"LIBERAL ADVANCES MADE ON CONSIGNMENTS.^ LEVI C3rOX_.I33E3WAEIE3rL<0-, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN EMBROIDERIES. LACES RIBBONS. ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS, WITH A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF HVnirlS- GOLDENBERG, nm mmkmjbile mummy, No. 67 BALTIMORE STREET, SHOW ROOM UP STAIRS. Country Merchants and Milliners supplied with the latest Fashionable patterns on the most reasonable terms. TTESIVrLISr P. VS IT, Saddle and Harness laker. No. 131 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, HOOKSTOWN ROAD. TRUNKS, TRAVELING BAGS, VALISES, ETC. GIVE US A CALL. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. abandoned. On the 16th of the month the hostile fleet was seen standing down the bay. Among other objects of importance, which occupied the attention of the legis- lature, was the establishment of a general and efficient system of public educa- tion. A fund was provided by an act of 1812, derived from bonuses upon bank charters, yielding $20,000 annually, to be divided among the counties, and to be applied to educational purposes. In 1825 the system was permanently arranged, with great and judicious minuteness of detail. When the surplus revenue was distributed among the states, after the payment of the public debt, Maryland ap- propriated $600,000 of the amount received by her, for the benefit of the schools ; the interest of which, with the former funds and new contributions from the banks, increased the annual amount disbursed by the state treasury for school purposes, to $65,631. The good effects of the system thus established are every- where perceptible, in the improving intelligence of the people. The extraordinary abundance of useful minerals in Maryland, continually urged upon the attention of her citizens the necessity of some more efficient plan for the prosecution of works of public improvement than had hitherto been adopted : easy and rapid communication from the seaboard to the coal mines in the moun- tains, and the vast deposits of iron ore in various parts of the state, was found to be indispensable to its prosperity. It had long become apparent that the method of rendering the Potomac river navigable, proposed by the Potomac company, was impracticable, or, at least, quite inadequate to the greatness of the object contemplated. It necessarily, therefore, gave place to a much greater and more expensive work. A design was formed for the construction of a canal through the valley of the Potomac to its head, and thence to the Ohio river ; and it w'as proposed that the Potomac company should transfer its powers and privileges to a new corporation, to be formed, for the execution of the more enlarged schemes. The legislature of Maryland approved of the design, and a convention was called at Washington city, to consist of delegates representing the counties most inter- ested of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Maryland. It assembled 6th November, 1823, and was attended by representatives from all the above states, and from the cities of the District. It was determined at this convention that the best mode of effecting the objects in view, was to form a company for the construction of a canal from tide- water to the coal mines on the east side of the Alleghanies, and from that point, as soon as practicable, to the navigable waters of the Mo- nongahela river, on the opposite* side of the mountains. As it was expected that this great work would be carried through by the combined exertions of the Gene- ral Government, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, the name of “ Union Canal” was suggested for it ; but it finally received the designation it now bears, namely, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Virginia passed an act 27th January, 1824, incorporating the company by which the work was to be accomplished ; which was confirmed by Congress and the states of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Maryland claimed the privilege of constructing a lateral canal from the termin- ation of the main line through the District to Baltimore, which was conceded to her. Another convention took place at Washington, at which the charter, pro- vided in the act of incorporation, was accepted. The required amount of stock having been subscribed, the company was organized in June, 1828. The general government subscribed for 10,000 shares of stock, the District cities for 15,000, the state of Virginia for 770, making, with the individual subscriptions, 36,089 shares, representing a capital of $3,608,900. The estimate of the expense of making a canal from Washington to Cumberland, forty feet wide at top, twenty- eight feet at bottom, and four feet deep, was $4,000,000. Before the commence- ment of actual operations these dimensions were increased to six feet in depth, and in width between 50 and 60 feet. In 1827 measures were taken to secure the building of a rail-road from Balti- 124 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JOHN & JOSEPH WALKER, 9 DEALERS I UNT PROMTS, (DDL©, WDMTOW ©L^§® s DYE-STUFFS, PERFUMERY, &c. No. 41 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, NEAR LOMBARD WM, THOS. VALIANT, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN * , mm & wmmm, ^-FLITJ^JSnSTTJ^ WARE, CASTERS, TABLE CUTLERY, &c. No. 2 22 ( it e ) PRATT STREET, BETWEEN CHARLES AND HANOVER STS. STONE & EARTHEN WARE AT FACTORY PRICES. WESLEY B. TARR & GO. No. 99 Baltimore Street, AND AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF HOUSES, FARMS, GROUND RENTS, ETC. JOHN NEIS ? LADIES, GENTLEMENS AND CHILDREN’S m BOOT & SHOE MAKER, No. 85 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, J53T All Orders will be executed with promptness, durability and in the most fashionable style. Also a large Stock of Boots and Shoes constantly on hand. GEORGE WHITEHOUSE, 3STO_ 239 FEiTSTOSrs'Z'X.VAi.JSrx^ -A.-VElIIXrCTE, MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF DOUBLE & SINGLE TRACE CHAINS, Butt Chains, Tongue Chains, Fifth Chains, and all kinds of Breeehing Chains and Tug Chains. All kinds of Side Strap Irons and Pad Plate Irons ; Rings, Hooks and Squares; Buckles, Loops, &c., wholesale and retail. All kinds of OIHLAJCIsrS FOB 3NTEW W^G-03STS_ Western and Southern Merchants should give me a call, as I will make Chains, Plates, Side Strap Irons, &c., to order, as good as they can be bought any where in the United States. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. more to Cumberland, as a means of preventing a diversion of trade by the canal to the cities of the District. The state favored this project, and subscribed for 5,000 shares of its stock, and the enterprise was begun. There was a long legal contest between the rail-road and canal companies, as to the right of each to the track along the Potomac, which impeded the progress of the two works, but was settled, at length, by a compromise. Many other improvements were now projected. Rail-roads were undertaken from Baltimore to York, Pa., (Baltimore and Susque- hanna Rail-road, 57 miles in length ;) from Baltimore to Washington, (Washing- ton Branch Rail-road, 40 miles in length,) with a lateral branch to Annapolis ; (Annapolis and Elkridge Rail-road, 21 miles in length ;) and many others of a less practical character, were proposed and discussed. Some of them received the patronage of the state, and hence a large public debt was rapidly accumulated. By the time the great canal had been completed to Harper’s Ferry, the means which had been provided at its commencement failed, and from the refusal of the Federal Government and of Virginia to extend further aid to the work, it became evident that the whole burden of its completion would devolve upon Maryland. Not appalled by these difficulties the task was assumed by the latter state, and a convention was called to meet at Baltimore, in December, 1834. At this meeting a memorial was adopted, requesting the legislature to advance $2,000,000 for finishing the canal, and $1,000,000 for the Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail-road. The legislature complied, and $3,000,000 six per cent, bonds were directed to be issued, the tolls of the works being pledged for the interest. Still the means were inadequate, and the legislature was again appealed to in 1835. Again the credit of the state was extended to works believed to be essential to the general prosperity, and a bill was passed authorizing the issue of bonds to the amount of $8,000,000 ; of this immense sum $3,000,000 were to be applied to the Chesa- peake and Ohio Canal, $3,000,000 to the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road, $500,000 to the Cross-Cut Canal, from the Potomac at Washington, to Baltimore ; $500,000 to the Annapolis and Potomac Canal, and $1,000,000 to the Eastern Shore Rail-road. The act required that the bonds should be sold at a premium of 20 per centum, the amount of which should be invested as a sinking fund for the redemption of the principal. They could not be sold at this rate, and the portion applicable to the completion of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and the Balti- more and Ohio Rail-road, was transferred to those companies. The bonds which were thus issued to the Canal company, were afterwards exchanged by the state for $3,200,000 in 5 per centum sterling bonds. In 1838, a further subscription of $1,375,000, in 5 per centum bonds, was authorized. The proceeds of this loan were exhausted without completing the work, and the legislature refused further subscriptions, its interest in the canal having now been increased to the sum of $7,197,000, and the total debt in 1839 had reached the startling sum of $16,050,000; of which $3,200,000 remained in the possession of the Rail-road company, undisposed of. The immense responsibilities thus undertaken by the state caused no general alarm, so long as the several companies were in a condi- tion to meet the demands upon them for interest ; but in 1840 the Canal com- pany, and several others less heavily indebted, announced their inability to pay, and thence commenced the direct liability of the state for an annual amount far greater than the whole of her ordinary revenues. The deficit, 1st December, 1840, was $556,387. No provision for the payment of the interest was made at the following regular session of the legislature : various schemes, however, were suggested for relief in the premises, one of which was the sequestration of the school fund to the payment of the interest, but nothing was determined. Direct taxation was admitted to be the only reliable resource ; and at an extra session in 1841 a bill was passed imposing a tax of 20 cents on each $100 of property as- sessed, which rate was afterwards increased to 25 cents, and the State Treasurer was directed to borrow $500,000 to meet the interest accruing before the collec- BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 126 I. SIMON’S HOTEL, FAYETTE STREET, NEAR THE HOLLIDAY STREET THEATRE. M. SIMON', Proprietor. WM. S. & JAS. CROWLEY, AND STATIONERS, No. 1 -4L& Baltimore Street, WHERE MAY BE HAD EVERY THING IN THE BOOK LINE. J5T Country Merchants supplied on very liberal terms. Special attention given to Cheap Publications and Magazines. GEO. P. GOVER. GEO. S. REESE. JOHN HONEYWELL. ISAAC EVANS, JR. GOVEE, EEESE & CO. 03 S3 1 OS. Stock Exchange and Note Brokers, 208 BALTIMORE STREET. ^MEASURER OF BUILDINGS.^ f 1ATHAN T. BTJSHANE, RESIDENCE, No. 90 ROSS STREET, BOX 76 MECHANICS 5 EXCHANGE. J&3T Attends promptly to orders for Measuring Carpenters’ Work, Brick Work, Plastering and Stone Masonry, Arbitrates Losses by Eire, and disputed Accounts. Makes estimates and attends to all matters connected with Build- ing operations. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. tions under the law could be made. This law created much discontent, especially in counties not directly interested in the works on which so much money had been expended ; and for the years subsequent the financial condition of the state was in a most deplorable condition. At length, however, public sentiment for the credit of the state was fully aroused, and became unanimous that effectual exer- tions must be made to sustain the public faith. The legislature that assembled in December, 1844, resolved to take all needful measures to this end; not only were means taken to meet the interest on the debt, but the liens of the state upon the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal were released, so far as to enable that company to borrow $1,700,000 still required for its completion. After a series of difficult negotiations the money was raised, and the canal has now been brought to a com- pletion. The rail-road had been previously carried forward as far as Cumberland, and energetic measures are now being applied for carrying it forward to its ter- minus on the Ohio river, which will probably be effected early in 1853. The measures adopted at the session of 1844-45 gradually commended themselves to public favor. The counties which had fallen into arrears hastened to pay them into the treasury ; and every year the receipts were more than sufficient to pay the current expenses ; at length all arrears due to creditors were funded, and on the 1st January, 1848, after seven years’ suspension of the full discharge of its obligations, though at all times recognizing their validity, the state resumed the payment on its whole debt. From the earliest period the condition of the African race in Maryland had attracted much attention. By gradations which there are now no means of tra- cing, this class of the population had attained, in 1790, the number of 111.079, of which 8,043 were free, and 103,036 were slaves. The tendency of public opinion in this state, for many years subsequent to the commencement of the Revolution, seemed favorable to emancipation, and its effect was perceived in the gradual in- crease of free blacks. It was shown by the census of 1800 that the free colored had gained 11,544 during the preceding ten years, equal to 143 per centum, while the slaves had increased only 2,599, or about 2J per centum. The decen- nial census from this period exhibited an equally remarkable increase of free ne- groes and decrease of slaves, so that from 1790 to 1850 the free negroes had in creased 821 per centum, and the slaves had decreased more than 12 per centum. The decennial movement is shown elsewhere. But during the first twenty years of this period there had been a small increase of slaves, so that for the next thirty years to 1840, the falling off had been 21,765, or about 19 per centum ; which decrease, if sustained, would have extirpated slavery in Maryland in a very short time ; but owing to various circumstances in the history of the times, the policy of emancipation, without a provision for the removal of the persons whose condition was affected by it, began to be looked upon with disfavor, and a provision was inserted in the Constitution of 1836, declaring “That the relation of master and slave, in this state, shall not be abolished, unless a bill for that purpose shall be passed by a unanimous vote of both branches of the General Assembly, be pub- lished three months before a new election, and be unanimously confirmed by a succeeding legislature.” Thus was checked effectually the disposition to public emancipation ; but individuals continued to exercise it, and the prevalence of this desire to confer freedom upon slaves gave occasion to the institution of the American Colonization Society, about the year 1819 ; a branch of the association was established in Maryland, but in order to obviate certain features in the organ- ization and proceedings of the General Society, not acceptable to the friends of colonization in this state, it was determined to establish an independent colony in Africa for the blacks of Maryland. The legislature extended its fostering care to the enterprise, and an annual appropriation of $20,000 was allowed to the Society, which is yet continued. The Maryland colony has flourished, having now a con- siderable trade, and being visited, at stated periods, by regular packets from Baltimore. 128 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. WILLIAM BROWN. WM. B. L ARMOUR. WM. SHOWN Sc CO. IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN Watches, Silver and Plated Wares, FINE JEWELRY, FANCY GOODS, &c. 27 6 BALTIMORE STREET, CLOCKS AND WATCHES REPAIRED AND WARRANTED. SLOAN & CAL WELL, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN moQiisa* mm» m dks C5 „ Nos. 17 and 19 CHE APSIDE. ALEXANDER BUTCHER, /r3 *5$? ^ ‘JP ‘Xt? KTo- leo B^LTXnVE ORE STREET. WATER ICES, CHARLOTTE RUSSE, JELLIES, BLANC MANGE, CABLES, c £50. WITH PUNCTUALITY AND AT THE SHORTEST NOTICE. ALWAYS ON HAND A VARIETY OF FRENCH AND OTHER JEST My Saloon is open for tlie purpose of supplying Tea, Coffee, Chocolate, Steaks, Oysters, &c., &c., for Ladies and Gentlemen. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. Immediately upon the close of the Revolutionary War, a contest, which had laid dormant under the pressure of that absorbing struggle, arose in Maryland, over the anti-popular provisions in the constitution. The popular party desired universal suffrage, and resolutely set about attaining the object of their wishes. After several years of discussion and contention between the people and those who doubted their capacity to exercise wisely the franchise they sought, the House of Delegates, in 1800, passed a bill, extending the right to vote to every free white male citizen of twenty-one years of age, who had been two years a resident of the state, and six months in the county, dispensing entirely with the property qualification. The Senate insisted upon amendments to this bill, which defeated the object of it. But at the next session the House repassed the bill, with a hint at the necessity of reforming the Senate itself, so significant, that that body took up the bill from the lower house, and passed it without material amendment the day after its reception. In 1809 the property qualification for holders of office was also abolished. These acts of the legislature were approved at subsequent sessions, in the manner required by the existing constitution ; but the work of reform was still considered incomplete. The Senate was not elected by the people, but appointed by electors chosen by them. The Governor and Council were elected by the legislature. The Senate also had the power of filling vacancies, under certain circumstances, in its own body. But all efforts at procuring reform in these particulars failed, though an animated struggle was kept up from the close of the war of 1812 to 1836. At length, in the latter year, a convention of reformers was held at Balti- more, at which it was resolved, that if the legislature continued to refuse the re- forms which were believed to be necessary, the agency of that body ought to be dispensed with ; and it would be the duty of the people to remodel the constitu- tion by their own action, independently of its authority. The chief obstacle in the way of reform had been the Senate. Its term was now about to expire, and the election which took place for the choice of electors to form a new one, in the mode prescribed by the then existing constitution, resulted in the success of a majority of electors favorable to reform. After a very bitter contest between the whig and democratic divisions of the electors, during which the state seemed convulsed almost to the point of civil war, a Senate was chosen of a complexion which insured a compliance with the demands of the most decided advocates of reform. The legislature entered upon the work of remodeling the constitution of the state, immediately upon their assembling. The governor was made eli- gible by the people ; his official term was fixed at three years, and he was re- quired to be taken alternately from each of the three districts into which the state was divided. The Executive Council was abolished, and the office of Secretary of State was created, as a depository of part of the duties formerly lodged with it. The Senate was reorganized on the basis proposed at near the beginning of the contest on the subject, as far back as 1807 ; that is, one member was assigned to each county, and one to Baltimore city, to be elected immediately by the people, and the term of its members was extended to six years. The first election under the new constitution was held in October, 1838. The same method of arranging the terms of senators was adopted as obtains in respect to members of the United States’ Senate. The senators first elected were to be divided into classes, who were to serve, respectively, two, four, and six years. At the expiration of the two initial fractional terms, a full term of six years was to begin, so that the seats of one-third of the senators would be vacated each two years, and their places would be supplied by new elections. The House of Dele- gates was also reorganized. Eive members each were allotted to Frederick and Baltimore counties and Baltimore city ; four to each of nine other counties ; three to each of the remaining counties ; and one to Annapolis. But this was not a permanent arrangement ; for after the results of the census 17 130 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. MANUFACTURERS’ AND DYERS’ WAREHOUSE. J a JBJLH JS-^L 9 Wo. 36 SOTTTIH CHARLES ST MANUFACTURER OF IMPORTER AND DEALER IN Cljemtails, & Oil Vitriol, Aqua Fortis, Muriatic Acid, Alum, Copperas, Blue Vitriol, Bichro Potash, Prussiate do. Cochineal, Lac Dye, Bengal Indigo, Cream Tartar, Sugar of Lead, Sal Soda, Soda Ash, Bed Tartar, Terra Japonic a, Catechu, Extract Logwood, Bleaching Powders, Verdigris, Emery, Glue, Madder, Nutgalls, &c. SISSON & BAIRD, AM MAftBTf o 1 jjIiIYi MrlllBLL W UlUV o, CORNER OF NORTH AND MONUMENT STREETS. This establishment is erected on an improved plan, and by the aid of extensive Steam Power, manufactures all kinds of Marble Work in a superior style, and at the lowest prices for cash. The largest and best assortment of Marble Mantles, Mon- uments, Tombs, &c. Of new and beautiful de- signs, may be seen at this establishment, to which the attention of purchasers is respectfully invited. Im- ported Garden Statuary and Vases, of the most tasteful designs and pat- terns, made of the finest de- scription of Italian Marble. Tiles for Flooring constant- ly on hand and for sale at the most reasonable prices. Builders, Cabinet makers and Marble Cutters Can be supplied at all times with the finest Marble Mantles, Table Tops, &c. Marble in the block or cut to sizes, at reduced wholesale prices. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. of 1840 should be ascertained, it was provided that the number of delegates should be appointed as follows : A county with a population under fifteen thou- sand, in federal numbers, was to have three delegates ; one with more than fifteen thousand, four delegates ; one with over twenty-five thousand, five delegates ; one with over thirty-five thousand, six delegates ; and Baltimore as many as the most populous county. After 1840 the right of Annapolis to a separate representation was to cease. Considering their political system still capable of amendment, the people of Maryland, during the year 1850, decided to call a convention for the formation of a new constitution. This body met in the spring of 1851, and concluded its labors on the 14th of May. The constitution framed by the convention was submitted to the people on the 4th of June, and was adopted by a large majority. It went into effect July 4th. By this instrument Howard district, previously a part of Anne Arundel county, was erected into a county, and one senator was as- signed to it. No other change was made in that branch of the legislature. The number of members in the more numerous branch was diminished from eighty- two to seventy-four. In the distribution of representatives two members were allotted to Howard county ; ten to Baltimore city, being an increase of five ; six to Baltimore county, exclusive of the city, a gain of one ; and six to Frederick county, which before had five. Fifteen of the older counties lost seventeen, members. The reason for these changes was the inequalities in representation among the counties in the state, which had been brought about by the former constitution, by their very different rates of progression as to population and. property. The governor in office, at the time of the adoption of the new constitution, was. to continue until the expiration of his term. The salary of his successors was fixed at $3,600 per annum. A Board of Public Works was created, to consist of four Commissioners, chosen from districts, into which the state was divided for the purposes of their election. The Treasurer of the state is, ex officio , a member of the Public Works. This officer is to be chosen by the legislature once in two years. A Comptroller of the public finances is to be chosen by the people, for the term of two years. The judiciary was modified, so that the four judges of the Court of Appeals should be chosen by popular election, each member of the court being taken from a district, the boundaries of which were prescribed, except the Chief Justice, whose appointment was lodged with the Executive. The state was divided into judicial circuits, and in each the people are to elect a judge, to hold office for ten years. The salary of the judge in the Baltimore circuit will be $2,500, and of the other members of the court, $2,000. County clerks and registers will be elected by the people, and their term of office is limited to six years. The experience of the people under the former constitution had made them specially solicitous for an efficient check upon the power of the legislature to con- tract debts. Accordingly, it was prohibited to that authority to borrow a greater sum than $100,000, unless in case of war or invasion ; nor can they pass a bill to contract a loan, of that or a less amount, without a provision levying a tax to meet the interest. To meet temporary deficiencies in the treasury, $50,000 may be borrowed. It is made the duty of the legislature to submit to the people, as soon after each United States’ census as convenient, the question whether they desire a revis- ion of the constitution ; and if they decide in the affirmative, a convention shall be called, the delegates of which shall be apportioned among the counties, on the basis of their representation in the two houses of the legislature. 132 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JAMES REILLY & SON, JSTo- 15 S NORTH CALVERT ST. OPPOSITE THE SUSQUEHANNA DEPOT. JOHN A. ROCHE. ROCHE & McCART, IMdSSEM Mi JOHN M’CART. 9 IMo. 90 St. Fau.1 Street, Hydrants, Water Closets, Bath Tubs, Wash Basins, Hot and Cold Showers and Baths of all descriptions. N. B. — Jobbing promptly attended to. MICHAEL CARLING, «* nQ? IV No. 63 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. GEORGE MEIER, AND LAGER BEER HOUSE, No. 5V PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. SEBASTIAN ROSEMER, © MeMWMV WMW11 No. 57 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. ® JAMES GARVEY, m 9 No. 164 NORTH CALVERT STREET, ATTENDS PROMPTLY TO FUNERALS, &c. GENERAL ACCOUNT OP THE STATE OF MARYLAND. Lotteries are to be suppressed after the 1st of April, 1859, and in the mean time a commissioner, to manage them, will be chosen every two years by the people. Orphans’ courts are established in each county, and in Baltimore city, by popu- lar vote, to consist of three judges, who will draw per diem compensation while engaged in the actual discharge of judicial duties. Magistrates and constables are to be elected in each ward and election district, and to serve two years. Maryland is shown, by the census of 1850, to be the fourteenth state of the Union in respect to population. The first settlements within its limits, as before intimated, were formed in 1631, by a few straggling adventurers, but the per- manent foundations of the colony were laid in 1634. From that epoch until the first federal enumeration, authentic data for calculation, the materials for tracing the progress of population are meagre and unsatisfactory. From such records as the annals of the province and state present, previous to the latter period, the fol- lowing table has been prepared, showing the number of inhabitants at different times: Years. Whites. Free Blacks. Slaves. Total. , Increase. 1634 — .... — — 200.... — 1660 — — — .... 12,000 11,800 or 5900.00 p. c. in 26 years. 1671 — — — 20,000 8,000 “ 66-66 « in 11 “ 1701 — — — 25,000 5,000 “ 25.00 “ in 30 “ 1715 — — — 30,000 5,000 “ 20.00 “ in 14 “ 1748 94,000 — 36,000 130,000 100,000 “ 333.33 “ in 33 “ 1756 107,963 — 46,225 154,188 24,188 “ 18.60 “ in 8 “ 1760 116,759.... — 49,764 166.523 12,335 “ 7.99 « in 4 ** 1770 140,110 — 59,717 199,827 33,304 “ 20.00 “ in 10 «* 1775 159, 0S3 — 65,917 225,000 25,173 “ 12.50 " in 5 « 1782 170,688 — 83,362 234,050 29,030 “ 12.91 “ in 7 « 1790 208,' 649.... 8,043 103,036 319,728 63,678 “ 25.85 “ in 8 “ The progress of population was discouragingly slow from 1660 to 1715, a period of fifty-five years. The advancement of the province was retarded by civil and religious dissensions, by scarcity and pestilence. Under an improved system of agriculture, and upon the cessation of disputes among the inhabitants, consequent upon the removal of the causes of contention, a return or rather beginning of pros- perity was experienced about the latter year, and the community advanced rapidly in numbers and the other elements of strength and power until 1748, when hostil- ities between England and France, and Indian disturbances, caused a slight check to immigration and settlement. Maryland, however, being less exposed from her local position to suffer from these causes, her population increased in a satisfactory rate up to the beginning of the Revolutionary War. During that contest consider- able numbers of Germans in the British armies abandoned the cause to which they had become attached by no ties of nationality or duty, and settled in this state. In 1778 the legislature passed an act by which all foreigners, upon taking the oath of allegiance to the state, were naturalized, and admitted to all the rights of citizen- ship, except that of holding civil offices. As an inducement to immigration, circu- lars were printed in English and other languages, setting forth the advantages which Maryland presented to those who wished to establish themselves in the new world, and distributed in England and Germany. These efforts to give a direction to the stream of immigration which might reasonably be expected upon the return of peace, w T ere doubtless successful, as is indicated by the surprisingly rapid in- crease between the close of the Revolutionary War and the year 1790. It does not appear that the introduction of the African race among the body of the population had any marked effect upon its progress. It is not until the year 1768 that we find anything to indicate the proportion between the whites and blacks, although slavery had then existed in the province over a century. The subjoined table presents a view of the relative advance of the two races : 134 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. SAMUEL E. TURNER, WRITING, PRINTING AND WRAPPING PAPERS, PKUMTOl© 5 (DARIO®, &©= 3XTo. 3 Sontli diaries street. ACCOUNT BOOKS MANUFACTURED TO ORDER. JOHN G. PROUD. JOHN G. PROUD, JR. ROBERT M. PROUD. Jfiw, Park ak |fife insurance ^gm q, JOHN &. PROUD & SONS, Agents, OFFICE-51 LOMBARD STEEET, OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE. iETNA INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. CAPITAL, $500,000 PHCENIX INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFOBD, CONNECTICUT. “ 200,000 INSURANCE CO. OF THE VALLEY OF VIRGINIA, WINCHESTER, “ 300,000 SPRINGFIELD FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, MASS. “ 150,000 MONARCH FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, LONDON, “ 2,000,000 INVESTED BY TRUSTEES IN NEW YORK 150.000 jETNA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT— CAPITAL,.. 150,000 A. B. SEEDENSTRICKER, (SUCCESSOR OF PHILIP CHAPIN, ) MANUFACTURER, OF PLANES, AND DEALER IN No. 44 LIGHT STREET, CORNER OF BALDERSTON, Keeps constantly on hand Carpenter’s, Carver's, Cooper’s, Cabinet, Coach and Pattern Maker’s Tools of best stamps and quality. Spear and Jackson’s Saws, W. S. Butcher’s Tools, Addis’s Carving Tools, Flather’s Braces and Bitts, Squares, Turnscrews, &c., assorted Tool Chest and Planes of every description. The largest and best assortment of Tools in Baltimore. EXTENSIVE MANUFACTORY, IST o - SI NORTH G- A "'ST STREET, SIGN OF THE BIG FLAG. One of the largest Furniture Establishments in the United States — Warerooms extending the whole length of the Square from Gay to Frederick street. E, MOUNT, Proprietor. * GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. Population. Rates of Increase. Proportion to Whole. Years. Whites. Blacks. Whites. Blacks, Whites. Blacks, 1748 ,. 94,000.. 36,000. 72.3.. 27.7 1756 46'225. 14.8.. 28.4 70.0.. 30.0 1760 ..116,759. 49,764. 70.1.. 1770 .140,110., 59,717. 19.9.. 20.0 70.1.. 29.9 1775 ,.159,083., 65,917. 13.5.. 10.5 70.7.. 29.3 1782 ,.170,688.. 83,362. 7.3.. 26.5 67.1.. 32.9 1790 ,.208,649.. 111,079. As we find no distinction made between the free blacks and slaves in the state- ments which serve as authority for the above exhibit, it is assumed that prior to the returns of the census of 1790, the number of the former class was too incon- siderable to receive notice in any analysis which the purposes of those times re- quired, although it is probable the work of emancipation had commenced many years before. The following tables show the aggregate statistics of the population, from the taking of the first federal census in 1790, to the 1st June, 1850 : Table I . — Statement of the absolute proportion of each class of Population . Census White — Colored Persons- — Total Year. Persons. Free. Slave. Total. Population. 1790 208,649 8,043. 103,036 .111,079.. 319,728 1800 216,326 ....19,587. 105,635 .125,222.. 341,548 1810 235,117 33,927. 111,502 .145,429.. 380,546 1820 260.222 107,398 .147,128.. 407,350 1830 291,108 52,938. 102094 .155,932.. 417,040 1840 318,204 62,078. 89,737 .151,815.. 470,019 1850 417,943 74,723. 90,368 .165,091.. 583,034 Table II . — Statement of the relative proportion of each class to the whole Population. Census White Year. Persons. 1790 65.26... 1800 63.34... 1810... 1820... 1830.. . 1840.. . 1850.. . / Colored Persons . Total Free. Slave. Total. Population. . 2.51... ...32.23... ...34.74 100 . 5.73... ...30.93... ...36.66 100 . 8.92... ...29.30... ...38.22 100 . 9.75... ...26.37... ...36.12 100 .11.84... ...23.04... ...34.88 100 .13.19... ...19.11... ...32.30 100 ...15.50... ...28.31 100 Table III . — Statement of the absolute proportion of Sexes. Census r-White Persons— „ Year. Male. Female. 1790. . .. 107,254 . . 101,395. . . 1800 110,650. .105, 676... 1810 120, 210. .114,907... 1820 .. .. 1 31,743 . . 128,479 . . . 1830 147, 340. .143, 768... 1840 158,804 . . 159,400 . . . 1850 211, 187. .206, 756... Colored Persons , Free. Slave. Total. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. .—Total Population—, Male. Female. .18, 746.. 20, 984 .24, 906.. 28,032 .29, 187.. 32, 891 .35, 192. .39, 531 56. 373. . 51. 025. 53.442. . 49.552. 46. 068. . 43. 669. 45. 944. . 44. 424. 75. 119. . 72. 009, 78. 348. . 77. 584 75. 255.. 76, 560, 81.136.. 83.955, 206,862.-200,488 ,225,688.-221,352 234, 059. .235, 960 ,292,323.-290,711 Census Year. 1790.. 1800.. 1810.. 1820.. 1830.. 1840.. 1850.. Table IV . — Statement of the relative proportion of Sexes. — W hite Persons—, Male. Female. , Colored Persons s Free. Slave. Total. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. .-Total Population— x Male. Female. .51.40 48.60... .51.15 48.85... .51.13 48.87... ,.50.63 49.37... ,.50.61 49.39... ,.49.91 50.09... ,.50.51. ...49.49... • • * • ■“ “ •••• ••• • ••• • * - - - -- — " m * " ’ .47.18. ..52.82 ....52.46. ..47.54 .51 06. ..48.94. 50.76. ..49.24 .4*\08. ..52.92 ....51.87. ..48.13 .50.25. ..49.75. 50.49. ..49.51 ,.47.05. ..52.95 51.35. ..48.65 .49.67.. .50.33. 49.79. . . 50.21 , .47 09. ..52.91. ....50.84... 49.16 .49.14.. .50.86. 50.14. ..49.86 136 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. GEORGE A. WARDER & CO. WHOLESALE DEALERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 9 AND STRAW GOODS, 3STo_ SB© BALTIMORE STREET. R. MASON’S UNRIVALED? No. 1S8 E IR, _A. T T S T E, E E T . BALTIMORB INCORPORATED 1830, CHARTER PERPETUAL, JOHN I. DONALDSON, President TEE ONLY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY IN EXISTENCE CHARTERED BY THE STATE OP MARYLAND. HENRY F, THOMPSON, Secy. F. DONALDSON, M. D., Med. Ex. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. Table V. — Statement of the absolute movement of Population. Between the White , —Colored Persons ■> Total Years Persona. Free. Slave. Total. Population. 1790-1800 + 7,677 ...+ 11,544. ...+ 2,599. ...+ 14,143 ....+ 21,820 1800-1810 + 18,791 ...+ 14,340. ...+ 5,867. ...4 20,207 ....+ 38,998 1810 1820 ...+ 5,803. ...— 4,104. 1,699 ....+ 26,804 1820-1830 + 30,886 l 13,208. ...— 4,404. L. 8,804 ....+ 39,690 Ififtft— 1840 4 27.096 L 9,140. 13,257. 4,117 22,979 1840-1850 ...+ 12,645. ...+ 631. ...+ 13,276 ....+ 113,015 Table YI. — Statement of the relative movement of Population. Between the Years White Persona. Free. — Colored Persoi Slave. as s Total. Total Population. 1790-1800 + 3.67 ....+ 2.52 ..+ 12.73 + 6.82 1800-1810 + 8.68 + 73.21.. ,...4 5.55.... .-4 16.13 + 11.41 1810-1820 + 10.67 4 17.10.. j- 3.68 ,-4 1.16 1820-1830 4 1]L87 4 33 24 -• .... 1 4.10 • 4 5.98 1830-1840 4 9 -30 4 l7 - 26 -- .... 12,87.... 2.64 + 5.14 1840-1850 431.34 4 20.36.. ,...+ 0.70 ..+ 8.74 — signifies minus, ‘ ‘ decrease.” -f- signifies y/us, * ‘ increase.” The portion of territory ceded by Maryland to the General Government, and incorporated with the District of Columbia, was set off between 1790 and 1800. The number of its inhabitants in the latter year should be properly taken into account, in stating the population of Maryland, when the second census was taken. But the figures could not be conveniently admitted into the tables. The number of whites, with whom were reckoned a few free colored persons, was- 8,144, and of slaves, 2,072. Adding these amounts to the figures in the lines referring to the census of 1800, it will be seen that but for this cession of terri- tory, Maryland would have had in that year 351,774 inhabitants ; namely, whites, 224,480 ; free blacks, 19,587 ; and slaves, 107,707. The rates of progression for the entire population, and the several classes, during the preceding decade, would be shown to be considerably different from those given in the tables. The in- crease of the whites would be found to be about 7.50 per centum, and of the slaves 4.53 per centum. But it was necessary to represent the facts, as given in the return, for the actual limits of the state. Making the proper allowance for the effect of this loss of territory, it appears »that, since the organization of our present government, the African race has increased in Maryland at a very moderate rate. During one decennial term this class of inhabitants remained almost stationary, and in the course of another actually decreased. The aggregate increase of slaves and free colored during the sixty years, included between 1790 and 1850, has been 54,012, or 48.66 per centum; while that of the governing race has been 209,294, which is equal to 100.31 per centum. The proportion between whites and colored inhabitants has varied from 65.26 to 34.74 in 1790, to 71.69 whites and 28.31 blacks in 1850. But this change in the relative progress of the races dates only from the census of 1810, and is in remarkable contrast with the state of facts developed by the several enumerations for sixty-two years preceding. In 1748 the blacks formed twenty-seven hundredths of the population, and they ap- pear to have gained upon the whites, with comparative steadiness, until the first federal census, when, as has been shown, they reached the approximate propor- tion of 35 per centum of the whole population, while the whites had receded from 73 to 65 per centum. This tendency of the colored race to encroach upon the numerical superiority of the whites continued for twenty years longer, until in 1810 they were found to have attained the ratio of 38.22 in every hundred of the entire population, and the whites had correspondingly declined to 61.78 per centum. The low rate of increase among the blacks during the twenty years ending in 1810, forbids the supposition that their numbers were recruited by heavy importations from Africa, or from the other states of the Union. The ralq 18 i 138 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. EDWARD MITCHELL. JOS. A. EDMONDSON. MITCHELL & EDMONDSON, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL No. 90 Pratt Street, opposite Patterson. ANDERSON & JESSOP, IMPORTERS OF HARDWARE, CORNER OF PRATT AND LIGHT STREETS. J. IRWIN SMITH. J. T. TOWSON. J. IRWIN SMITH 8c CO. 153 PRATT STREET WHARF. R. C. WAITE, IvTA.JSTXJDPA.CTXJE.ER OIF 1 AilCtlOJIS, CAST IRON SHEAVES, CHOCKS, AND ALL CASTINGS SUITABLE FOR SHIPS, CORNER OF COVINGTON AND HUGHES STREETS. E. L. H. GEIGER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN STOVES, TIN AND SHEET-IRON WARE, 88 NORTH HOWARD STREET, Has always on hand a large assortment of the latest and most approved style of Stoves, Ranges, Furnaces, etc. Also, manufacturer and dealer in Japanned, Enameled and Bri- tannia Ware, made by the best workmen, and of the best material. A call is respect- fully solicited. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. of progress of the colored class in Maryland during these years was about 31 per centum, while in the Union at large it was about 82 per centum. Besides, the public sentiment of this state became decidedly and effectually adverse to the continuance of the foreign slave trade as early as 1804. The comparative gain of the colored over the white inhabitants during this period, is clearly traceable to the migration of the latter to the new states of the West and South. As this more rapid rate of progress had been going on for sixty- two years, and, as during the last twenty years of this period it had more than doubled that of the whites, there was in 1810 reason for apprehension that in another half century the blacks would become the preponderating race. There is reason to believe that this alarming tendency was checked by the introduction of new pursuits of industry, giving employment to a portion of the native population, which would otherwise have sought it beyond the limits of the state, and inviting into it emigrants from foreign countries. The erection of numerous manufacturing establishments, the commencement and energetic prosecution of extensive public improvements, and the consequent revival of commercial activity, imparting a new growth to the chief city and principal interior towns, may be cited as the causes which reversed the order of advancement, and rescued the whites from the peril which seemed to be impending of a loss of their numerical preponderance. The census of 1820 showed an increase of w r hite inhabitants equal to 10.67 per centum, while that of the colored was barely appreciable, being 1.16 per centum only ; and the proportion between the races had changed 2.10 per centum in favor of the former. This tendency continues, and is more marked in the results of the last census than in any preceding one. The territorial extent of Maryland is computed, by competent authority, at 9,674 square miles ; adopting this statement, the density of population is 60.27 to the square mile. It would be out of place here to go into that minuteness of investigation which would be required to develop, with any degree of accuracy, the capacity of the state to sustain population ; but that it has not yet reached the limit which the experience of civilization has marked out for it, may be easily demonstrated. Its soil is naturally more fertile than that of Massachusetts, and its climate more genial ; and in respect of its position towards the sea, and its inland extension, these are very similar in both. The proportion between level and mountainous surface is also, probably, about the same in both states. The mineral resources of Maryland are greater beyond comparison. The area is a fourth larger than that of Massachusetts. Massachusetts has 126 inhabitants to the square mile. With its enormous and yet unfathomed deposits of iron and coal, and its unvarying moderation of temperature, it may fairly be assumed that Maryland can support 151 persons to the square mile, with the same average de- gree of comfort and convenience as are enjoyed by the 126 now occupying the same space in Massachusetts. This concession of 20 per centum in favor of Mary- land, certainly appears to be due to its superior natural advantages, and would give it a population of 1,460,774. At the rate of increase observable in Mary- land from 1840 to 1850, it would have in 1890, in round numbers, 1,380,000, and at the end of the present century, 1,700,000. Whether its advance will be as rapid and steady as the conditions of this calculation require may be doubted ; but as the estimate is based upon facts within our own experience, it must be ad- mitted to be reasonable. Of the 417,943 white inhabitants of Maryland in 1850, 53,750 were persons of foreign birth, and the proportion of native-born to foreigners was as 87.15 to 12.85. We have seen that the legislature of this state took measures at an early period to invite immigration. There is reason to suppose that the invitation was accepted by large numbers previous to the commencement of the wars of the French Revolution, which would naturally cause the suspension of the migratory movement from the old to the new world, although we have but few authentic 140 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. ROBERT POOLE. THOS. M. SMITH. GERMAN H. HUNT. KTOMTII STREET, OPPOSITE CALVERT STATION. POOLE & HUNT, AND GENERAL MACHINISTS, MANUFACTURERS OF STEAM ENGINES, if €sAlt Railroad Cars and Car Wheels, Blowing Machinery, Hydraulic Presses, Sugar and Saw Mills, -A. TER c . GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. details of the accessions to population in any portion of the United States, from this source, prior to 1819, when the collectors of customs were first required by law ,to make returns of the number of foreign passengers arriving at their respec- tive ports ; there is no doubt that many Germans sought a home within the borders of Maryland previous to that date, landing either at Baltimore or coming through Pennsylvania. The people of that nation appear to have manifested a preference for both of those states from an early period, being probably first attracted to Maryland by the extensive tobacco trade which was carried on between the principal port of the state and the German cities of the Baltic. The following table presents a statement of foreign immigration into Baltimore, for thirty years preceding the 30th Sept., 1850, which is believed to be substantially accurate : < First Decade— Year. T of Immigrants. 1820- 21 646 1821- 22 499 1822- 23 707 1823- 24 378 1824- 25 852 1825- 26 1,068 1826- 27 1,163 1827- 28 1,772 1828- 29 1,507 1829- 30 1,960 10,552 / Second Decade „ Year. T No * of Immigrants. 1830- 31 4,531 1831- 32 5,092 1832- 33 6,556 1833- 34 6,959 1834- 35 4,065 1835- 36 4,255 1836- 37 5,254 1837- 38 7,087 1838- 39 4,896 1839- 40 6,627 55,322, ■Third Decade- Year. No. of Immigrants. 1840-41 1841-42 1842-43 1843-44 1844-45 1845-46 1846-47 12,009 1847-48 1848-49. 1849-50 Aggregate immigration for 30 years, 134,266. No means now exist for determining with certainty how many of these immi- grants permanently settled in Maryland ; but as Baltimore had not been during this period connected with the country west of the Alleghanies by direct rail-road or water communication, it is probable that the foreign passengers arriving there usually selected that port of landing with the purpose of remaining in the state. Much the larger portion of this immigration consisted of Germans. The propor- tion between that class and all other foreign passengers in 1850, was about 60 per centum ; and of the whole of the 53,750 persons among the population in 1850, born out of the United States— 26,936 were natives of Germany, 19,557 of Ireland 3,467 of England, 1,093 of Scotland, 260 of Wales, and 507 of France. The re- sidue was composed of immigrants from twenty-three different nations, and of those wdiose origin was not ascertained. Of the American population 400,594 were born in Maryland and in the neighboring states— 16,076 in Pennsylvania, 7,030 in Virginia, 4,373. in Delaware, and 1,940 in the District of Columbia! The number of the inhabitants born in states of the Union other than those, was as follows: in Maine, 456 ; in New-Hampshire, 260; in Vermont, 262; in Mas- sachusetts, 1,421 ; in Rhode Island, 209 ; in Connecticut, 484 ; in New-York 2,646 ; in New- Jersey, 1,321 ; in North Carolina, 225 ; in South Carolina, 158 ; in Georgia,. /4 ; in Florida, 37 ; in Alabama, 51 ; in Mississippi, 143 ; in Louisi- ana, .181 ; in Texas, 24 ; in Ohio, 535; in Indiana, 65; in Illinois, 54 ; in Mis- souri, 86 ; in Arkansas, 14; in Kentucky, 131 ; in Tennessee, 39; in Michigan, in Wisconsin, 4 ; in Iowa, 5 ; in California, 1 ; and in the territories, 1. The following table exhibits the number of deaf and dumb, blind, insane, and idiotic persons within the state in 1850 : Persons. Deaf and Dumb. Blind Insane Idiotic . Whites N Malo. Female. Total. .103... 92. ..195. . 96... 97. ..193. .226. ..251. ..477. .147. ..121. ..268. .—Free Colored— * , Slaves ^ , Aggregate * Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. ...19... 17... 36 15. .. 8... 23... 137... 117... 254 ...30... 41... 71 22. ..21... 43... 148... 159... 307 ...23. ..29. ..52 9. ..15. ..24. ..258. ..295.. .553 ...32... 21. ..53 41. . .31. . .72. . .220. . .173. . .393 and the number of slaves manumitted in 1849-50 was 493, and the number that fled from service was 379. \ 142 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. R. M. LOCKWOOD & CO. GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 69 IE X C Ur! .A. 2sT C3- E I 3 Xj _A_ C IE . MEW AM© ©L© H© © B€© 3 J. C. HINES & CO. No. 44 BALTIMORE STREET, BELOW FREDERICK ST. HAVE ALWAYS FOR SALE AT VERY LOW PRICES A LARGE AND WELL SELECTED STOCK OF NEW AN I) SECOND HAND BOOKS, $3T Second hand Books Embracing the best ancient and modern standard bought or exchanged. FHKWCH X>" 5 r 3 ES 3 Et.« F. GIJEEAND’S (from PARIS,) Dyeing and Scouring Establishment, IKTo. lELS-a JXT. X3IO ''WjSl.IEI.JED STREET, Dyes and finishes all kinds of Woolen, Silk and Cotton Goods, to any color ; also cleans and removes stains on Merino and Silk Dresses, Coats, Carpets, Table Covers, Gauze Veils, &c. Merino, Cashmere, Crape and Silk Shawls cleansed to equal new. CHARLES REEDER, CORNER OF HENRY AND HUGHES STREETS, SOUTH SHOE OE THE BASIN, MANUFACTURER OF MARINE AND STATIONARY STEAM a»,™ m CASTINGS OF IRON AND BRASS, in lifiiiiii OF E N7 - E E "'5T DESCRIPTION. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. The distribution of the population into the several counties in 1850, was as follows : „ Number of Counties. Dwellings * Alleghany 3,850.. Anne Arundelt. 3,712.. Bal timbre 30,065... Calvert 1,006... Caroline . 1,526... Carroll 3,476... Cecil 3,056... Charley 1,335... Dorchester 2.705... Frederick 6,397... Harforcl 2,977... Kent 1,584... Montgomery 1.923... Prince George.. 1,875... Queen ‘Anne... 1,864... St. Mary’s 1,512... Somerset 3,158.. Talbot . 1,751.. Washington 5,052.. Worcester..... 2,884.. Number of Families.* .. 3,902... .. 3,745... .34,925... . 1,006... ,. 1,526... .. 3,593... .. 3,114... ,. 1,335... .. 2,709... .. 6,614... ,. 2,985... ,. 1,584... .. 1,960... .. 1,875... .. 1,864... .. 1.646... .. 3,158... .. 1,776... .. 5,182... .. 2,885... White , Colored Persons * Total Persons. Free. Slave. Total. Population. . 21,633 412 724 1,136 22,769 . 16,542 4,602 11,249 15,651 32,393 .174,853 29,075 6,718 35,793 210,646 . 3,630 1,530 4,486 6,016 9,646 . 6,096 2,788 808 3,596 9,692 . 18,667. 974 975 1,949 20,616 . 15,472 2,623 844 3,467 18,939 . 5,665 913 9,584 10,497 16,162 . 10,747 3,848 4.282 8,130 18,877 . 33,314 3,760 3,913 7,673 40,987 . 14,413 2.777 2,166 4,943 19,356 . 5,616 3,143 2,627 5,770 11,386 . 9,435 1,311 5,114 6,425 15,860 . 8,901 1,138 11,510 12,648 21,549 . 6.936 3,278 4.270 7,548 14,484 . 6,223 1,633 5,842 7,475 13,698 . 13,385 3,483 5,588 9.071 22,456 . 7,084 2,593 4,134 6,727 13,811 . 26,930 1,828 2,090 3,918 30,848 . 12,401 3,014 3,444 6,458 18,859 Total 81,708 -..87,384 417,943 74,723 90,368.. ..165,091 583,034 The number of persons born in the state during the year ending 1st June, 1850. is stated in the census to have been 16,482,J the number that were married dur- ing the same year was 3,703, and the number that died was 9,544. These figures, however, can only be taken as an approximation. The classes, sexes, and ages of the inhabitants of the state in 1850, were as follows : Ages. Under 1 1 and under 5 5 and under 10 10 and under 15 15 and under 20 20 and under 30 30 and under 40 40 and under 50 50 and under 60 60 and under 70 70 and under 80 80 and under 90 90 and under 100 100 and upwards. . Age unknown..... , — White Persons-^ Male. Female. year 6,059... year6 24,309... years 27,558... years 25,307... years 20,767... years 40,164... years 29,460 years 18'740... years 10,647... years 5,429... years 2,161... years 508... years 63... 7... 8 ... 5,962. 23,037. 27,016. 24,608. 22,461. 38,173. 26,685. 18,414. 10,802. 6,088. 2,631. 749. 114. 10 . 6 . Colored Persons * Free. Slave. Male. Female. Male. Female. .1,017 .. 998 ..1.243.. 1,203 .4,422 ..4,502 ..5,961.. 5,931 .4,950 ... -.6,902.. 6,712 .4,516.... ..4,582 ..6,963.. 6,400 .3,396 ..4,015 ..5,643.. 5,466 .5,437 ..6,816 ..8,092.. 7,443 .4,344 ..5.273 ..4,269.. 4,500 .3,030 ..3,625 -.2,953.. 2,931 .2,104 ..2,252 ..1,926.. .1,242.... ...1,334 ..1,187.. 1,175 . 503 .. 605.... . 175 .. 239 45 .. 110 .. 41... . 11.... .. 24... 31 0 .... 2 Amoristhc deductions from the census returns of Maryland, transmitted to Congress by the Commissioner, will be found several abstruse tables on the law of mortality in the state, the specific intensity of life, and the expectation of life ; these are not of popular interest, and can easily be referred to by those whose pursuits require their aid ; hence they are omitted in this connection. *In all siave-holding states the dwellings and families of slaves are counted as parts of the dwelling* and families of their owners. “ t Howard district, formerly a part of this county, was erected into a separate county in 1851, in accord- ance with the constitution of that year. There are no means afforded by the census, as published by the commissioner, of ascertaining the proportions of population, products, <5cc., due to it; but as the principal villages are within its limits, these may be rated at two Lhirds the totals given to Anne Arundel. ^ t This number (16,482) is given as the total number of persons born within the year. By summing up t.ie numbers of persons under one year of age (all of whom must have been born within the year indicated) we have the same aggregate : hence, if the census be correct, all the children born in the year ending June 1st. 1850, have luckily escaped the usual fatality of infancy. 144 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. extensive piano forte manufactory! FIRST PREMIUM AWARDED WILLIAM KNABE, Senior partner of the late firm of Knabe, Gaehle & Co., has just re-established the manufacture and sale of a-:Ft^iNr:D square & 9 UNDER THE OIF WM. c*3 CJO. AT THE OLD STAND, Nos. 1, 3 3 5 and 7 NORTH EUTAW STREET, OPPOSITE THE EUTAW HOUSE. Thankful for the extensive patronage received by the late firm, the undersigned respectfully informs the public, that since the death of one of his partners, Mr. Henry Gaehle, by which the partnership was dissolved, he has purchased the entire large stock of unfinished Pianos, lumber, and other prepared materials belonging to the late firm. He will therelore continue the business at the old stand as above, and will endeavor not only to sustain the well established reputation of the late firm, but to excel all former efforts in perfecting the Piano Forte. In addition to the old established warehouses and factory on Eutaw, near Baltimore street, he has started a very large new factory on South Eutaw street, fronting on West street, where he has now employed a number of the most experienced workmen. In this factory he is making Pianos upon a new and improved scale, the first of which was deposited in the late Fair of the Maryland Institute, at which it took the Highest Premium, over the unusual competition of fourteen Pianos exhibited by some of the best makers in Boston, New York and Baltimore. This judgment of the Institute was immediately afterwards confirmed at the Industrial Exhibition of Rich- mond, Va., where the First Premium was also awarded him. By the facilities combined in his two establishments, he is enabled to fill with promptness and satisfaction all orders with which he may be favored. 1 All Pianos built at his factory have full Tron Frames, being so constructed as to secure great additional strength without affecting the tone, and therefore will stand in any climate. The greatest care is bestowed upon his work, and the selection of the best materials, and every Instrument turned but of his factory, can therefore be fully warranted by him, possessing all the qualities requisite for a good Piano. All Instruments of my manufacture, are also guaranteed for five years from the day of sale. Particular attention is paid to the selection of Instruments for distant orders, and a privilege of exchange granted at anytime within six months from the day of sale, should such Instrument not give entire satisfaction. Wholesale Dealers will find it to their advantage to give him a call before purchasing elsewhere. {Inconstantly on hand a fine assortment of Melodeons, of the best makers, at prices from $45 to $200. N. B.— Pianos exchanged, hired and tuned. WM. KNABE & CO. Qn This is one of the most extensive establishments in the Union — those in want of a good Piano Forte will do well to call. All Instruments are warranted by Messrs. Knabe & Co. — Editor. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. There are specified in the returns nineteen cities, towns and villages, containing more than 200 inhabitants each. Their aggregate population is 200,381, of which 162,274 are natives of the United States, and 37,340 of foreign countries. From these statements it results that 30.61 per centum of the native inhabitants, and 70 per centum of those born abroad, dwell in towns. The returns also enumerate about 300 professions, trades and occupations, which, together, present a condensed view of the industry of the state. The en- tire number of persons, whose employments are given, is 131,910. 1 . Of the whole number of specified employments, 43 are of a character to require the exertion of the intellectual faculties, as the learned professions, engi- neering, teaching and surveying ; in these are occupied 13,187 persons. 2. Next is the class of planters and farmers, which comprises a body of 26,757 persons. 3. The third in order of this classification includes such as are engaged in me- chanical trades, in manufacturing, and other departments of manual industry, re- quiring various degrees of skill; of such pursuits there are 190, and they gave- employment to 44,218 persons. 4. This division comprises such as are occupied in unskilled labor : it com- prises 25 occupations, in which are engaged 32,933 persons. Laborers, without a more specific description, count four-fifths of the aggregate number. 5. Merchants, bankers, retail dealers and others, occupied in the pursuits of commerce, and in the almost innumerable ramifications of trade and business, the chief province and objects of which are the management of the exchange and dis- tribution of the products of industry, are ranked together under this head. It includes 26 branches of employment, which are pursued by 4,607 individuals. The following table exhibits an alphabetical list of the employments above alluded to, and the number of persons engaged in each : Occupations. No. of Persons. Actors 18 Agents 239 Agricultural Implement Makers 342 Architects 20 Artists 52 Auctioneers .26 Astrologists 2 Bakers, &c 773 Bank Officers 73 Barbers 235 Barkeepers 174 Basket Makers 73 Bell Hungers 8 Blacksmiths 2,425 Bleachers 4 Blind Makers 14 Block . S JbtlEI S3 3ZZD> ZEST'S? STHEET, Jk. - C3r. MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN No. 40 ENSOR STREET, NEAR BEL AIR MARKET. Axes, Grubbing Hoes, Picks, Shovels, Spades, Hoes, Asparagus, Hay and other Steel Pronged Forks, Sausage Cutters and Fillers, Apple Parers, &c. Plow Castings, by the Piece or Ton. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. Occupations. No. of Persons. Plasterers 469 Platers 11 Plumbers 59 Potters 106 Powder Makers 272 Printers 383 Provision Dealers 25 Publishers 14 Porters 468 Quarrymen 45 Regalia Makers 72 Riggers ...76 Riveted Hose Makers. ...9 Rope Makers 119 Sail Makers 119 Sailing Masters 22 Scavengers 20 Servants ..1,881 Occupations. No. of Persons. Ship Builders 673 Joiners 82 Ship Smiths 109 Shot Manufacturers 10 Silversmiths 76 Soapstone Workers 30 Soldiers 123 Spinners 35 Steam Engine Makers.. 330 I Steel Manufacturers 2 Stone and Marble Cut- ters 430 Stove Makers 413 Straw Workers 3 Students 746 Stevedores 45 Sugar Refiners 19 Surgical Instr. Makers 8 Occupations. No. of Persons. Surveyors 33 Tailors 5,294 Tanners 479 Teachers 799 Teamsters 144 Telegraph Operators 54 Tin Smiths 361 Tobacconists, Physicians’ Prescriptions compounded with accuracy and dispatch at any hour of the day or night. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. It may be proper in this place to note, that in 1850 no account was taken of those manufacturing establishments, the annual products of which did not amount to $500 in value. The number of such is doubtlessly great, especially in the agricultural districts ; and in whole counties, such as Calvert, Caroline, and Charles, the manufactures carried on are probably on this scale, as we have no returns given in the census. In 1840 all these counties returned manufactures. We have no means of estimating the aggregate numbers and values of the establishments referred to, but may safely conclude that had they been returned, they would have added at least 10 per centum to the aggregates as above given. The following is a recapitulation of the industry of Maryland, and exhibits the number of establishments connected with each pursuit, the amount of capital in- vested, the value of raw material consumed, the kind of motive power employed, the average number of hands employed, the average monthly cost of labor, and the value of the annual products of each. Average No. of Value Average Monthly Value 6 f Name of Business or Establish- Capital of Raw Power Hands Cost of Annual Manufacture. ments. Invested. Material. Employed. Employed. Labor. Products. Agricultural implement makers 76.. $100,150. ... $103,572 Steam, &c. 333.. $7,436 $257,656 Artificial flower makers.. 1 ... 500. 2,000 Hand , 6 .. .. 125 .. 4,000 Bakers 193... ..249,187. 658,100 “ .11,013 1,145,949 1 .. 100 . 225 it 7.. .. 105 .. 1,200 7... .. 2,450. 2,493 ii 22 .. .. 561 .. 11,084 Blacksmiths 232... .. 87', 730 100,490 it 10,946 ..323,678 Block and pump makers.. 19... .. 13,300. 8,992 a ..1,704 .. 44,300 Boat builders. ....... ... .. 15,000 14,705 it 65 1,887 47 950 Book binders 9... .. 13,200. 15,700 it 44.. . . 922 Boot and shoe makers.... 464... .297,965. 504,210 it .50,264 1,372,358 Brewers ............. . 62,800. 59,873 Stills ..1,657 ..122,720 Brick makers .280,536. 124,279 Kilns .33.334 ..471,450 Broom makers 7... . 10,050. 14,055 Hand .. 647 .. 38,950 Brush makers . . 6 ... .. 15,600. 13,410 44 46.. ..1244 44 950 Button makers 1 ... . 1 , 000 . 2,500 Steam 10 .. .. 148 .. 2*340 Cabinet makers 141... .301,215. .....208,895 Hand 903.. .23,031.... ..705,175 Cage makers. ........... 1 ... 75. 75 ti 2 .. 35 850 Car builders 1 ... 600. 1,090 a 6 .. . . 156 3 600 Carpenters and builders.. 234... ,.218,497. 518,588 “ ... .37,658 1, 518,*117 Carvers 5... 650. 960 44 .. 328 . . 9,300 Chandlers, &c 12 ... .224,600. 427,290 Steam, &c. 202 .. ..4,043 Charcoal burners 1 ... . 1 , 000 . 570 Pits .. 80 .. 2,170 Chemicals . 210 , 000 . 110,150 Steam 118.. ..2,938 ..421,200 Cigar makers ........... ...’.125... .196,960 210,542 Hand 508 1 9. 77Q 608 71 R Clothiers 265... .628,940. ... 1,327,481 44 .70.616 2,662,127 Coach makers............ 52... .127,450., 113,415 44 ....423 10 855 387 470 Comb makers 4... . 1,400. 2,819 11 .. .. ’242 .. 7*1.00 Coopers 99... . 47,730. 111,761 44 ..9,066 ..284,758 Copper refining.......... . 45,000. 105,400 Water .. 460 ..115,500 ‘ smelting 1 ... . 100 , 000 . Steam -.1,480 ..450,000 “ smiths . 30,800. Hand 27.. .. 923 Cordage 7... . 28,500., 71,430 Steam, &c.. 85... ..2,584 ..106,600 Cork cutters............. 1 ... . 2,500. 4,000 Hand .. 144 Corset makers 2 ... 150. 332 44 .... 10 .. .. 110 .. 3,000 Curriers 21 ... . 65,100. .....208,545 it 80... ..3,010 Cutlers 1 ... . 2 , 000 .. 500 it 4 1 40 q nnn Daguerreans .... 9... . 13,900.. 9,350 C amerce 21 83 4 Distillers .184,300.. 457,638 Stills ..1,435 ..566,064 Dyers . 5,500.. 1,200 Hand .. 258 .. 6.800 Earthenware ..... . . . 46,030.. 14,408 Kilns ..2,841 .. 83,700 Edge-tool makers . 10 , 100 .. 9,731 Hand ..1,013 .. 34,296 Engravers . 2,500.. 1,495 44 . 7 9Q0 7 120 Engine, fire, builders . 16,800.. 5,237 Steam .. 836 .. 22^350 Factories, card . 21 , 100 .. 5,296 “ .. 360 .. 41.000 merits were returned in the counties of Calvert, Caroline, and Charles ; and incomplete returns from Dorchester Kent, St. Mary’s, and Worcester Counties.” This explanation invites two questions-- first, were there in exist- ence any industrial establishments to return; and, second, if there were, why were they not returned, and why were incomplete returns received when complete ones might have been obtained ? The probability is that the three first counties named have no manufactures coming within the limitation of the census, and then no returns were required; but the merits of the case ought to be ascertained. 152 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. F>. STAHR’S CHINA, GLASS AND QUEENSWARE, 1ST O . 312 NORTI-I G- AN. HT STREET. A. J. ABRAMS’ All orders in onr line, such as Monuments, Tombs, Head and Foot Stones, Marble Mantles, &c., will be filled with promptness and on the most liberal terms. AISQUITH STREET, OPPOSITE JEFFERSON ST. Residence No. 270 East Monument Street. I *90*301:3® BABIES. — THE SUBSCRIBER RESPECTFULLY INFORMS THE LADIES THAT HE IS MAKING GOOD GAITERS AT $1,50, A NICE SLIPPER AT 75 Cents, AND | HiliflfjSi! dfe ■© Mia II" iE J1 21 ^ II S®®®!! OF THE BEST MATERIAL J±.1STJD WORKMANSHIP, And all at the very lowest prices, for Cash. Work made to order. Every effort made to please. Call on J" _ Hi - BALL, 314 N. Gay Street, near Ashland Square. MARTIN HATTER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN No. 133 North Gay Street, Second door East of High. J&S* Parties supplied at the shortest notice with Cakes, Candies and Cordials. Orders for Wedding Cake will be attended to promptly. Ice Cream made to order at all times, and sent to all parts of the city. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. No. of Value Name of Business or Establish- Capital of Raw Manufacture. ments. Invested. Material. Factories, cotton ... 33.. 2,248,600.. , . . 1,353,361 “ file ... 2.. .. 25,500.. 17,315 " glue .. 20,000.. 16,050 “ lamp ... 2.. .. 6,000.. 7,951 “ linseed-oilcake- ... 1.. .. 10,000.. 37,500 “ mill-stone ... 2.. .. 5,600.. 6,125 “ nail ... 8.. ..121,550.. 96,717 *' riveted hose. . . . ... 2.. .. 6,800.. 7,250 “ shot ... 1.. .. 30,000.. 36,250 “ woolen ... 43.. ..258,100.. 176,518 ... 5.. .. 94,500.. 78,935 Foundries, brass ... 10.. .. 52,240.. 190,049 “ iron ... 18.. ..253,100.. 230,562 “ type, &c ... 1.. .. 15,000.. 2,875 Fringe makers ... 4.. .. 40,650.. 27,200 ... 19.. 1,033,500.. 576,225 Gas company ... 1.. ..500,000.. 32,190 “ fixture makers ... 2.. .. 8,000.. 6,998 Gilders — 1 ... 1.. 500.. 2,000 Glass manufacturers ... 2.. .. 54,000.. 19,300 ... 5.. .. 21,860.. 10,384 Gunsmiths .. 14,300.. 12,050 Hat and cap makers ... 46.. .. 55,200.. 120,338 Hosiery ... 1.. .. 1,000.. 425 India-rubber clothing ... 2-. • • 3,000.. 12,000 Instruments, mathematical, ... 4.. .. 3,600. 2,140 “ musical ... 2.. .. 1,600.. 950 “ surgical ... 2.. .. 3,000.. 1,045 ... 4.. .. 4,650.. 8,610 Japanning ... 1.. 150.. 375 Last makers... ... 5.. .. 1,350.. Lime burners ... 16.. .. 14,930.. 13,867 Looking-glass, &c. makers. ... 4.. .. 22,500.. 15,160 Machine shops ... 15.. ..257,500.. 120,843 Match makers ... 1.. 200.. 250 Mills, bark ... 7.. .. 26,000.. 27,900 “ bone ... 3.. .. 7,000.. 15,478 “ clover ... 4.. .. 1,550.. — “ coffee, &c ... 3.. .. 12,100.. 21,625 “ flour ...245.. 1,833,460.. .. 4,126,324 “ grist ...147-. • •264,150.. 432,583 “ linseed-oil ... 1.. .. 3,000.. 750 “ paper ..134,300.. 118,668 “ planing ... 5.. .. 42,700.. 119,085 “ plaster ... 2.. .. 10,000.. 14,562 “ powder ... 2.. .. 64.000.. 10,211 “ rolling ... 5.. ..196,000.. 210,564 “ saw .... ...118.. ..195,350.. 185,630 snmar ...* ----- ... 3.. .. 9,000.. 14,075 Milliners ... 51.. .. 26,275.. 74,912 Millwrights ... 3.. .. 17,500.. Mineral waters ... 3.. .. 9,400.. 8,090 Mining, coal •. ... 3.. ..605,000.. “ copper ... 3.. .. 13,200.. .... H o-nlH ... 1.. 500.. “ iron ... 21.. .. 34.750.. Morocco dressers ... 7.. .. 36,400.. 111,576 Oar makers .. 2,000.. Oil -cloth makers .. 6,000.. 8,000 Organ builders ... 2.. .. 2,000.. 1,850 Paper-box makers ... 1.. 400.. Paper stainers ... 6.. .. 60,000.. 20,974 Patent medicines ... 3.. .. 1,650.. 5,130 Perfumery ... 2.. 650.. 2,700 Piano-forte makers .. 61.100.. 32,184 Plaster casts ... 1.. 200.. 250 Plumbers ,.. 11,450.. 41,090 Printers and publishers*... ... 28.. ..124,525.. 151,753 Power Average Average Monthly Hands Cost of Value of Annual Employed. Employed. Labor. Products. Steam, &c. ...3, 247. ..38, 112.. ..2,021,396 Water 35,000 Steam 21 465.. 29,400 Hand 8 216... Steam 6 120.. 7,500 Hand 9 270.. 27,000 Steam, &c .203 4,011 224,100 Hand 9 190.., 20,500 Steam 10 250.. 44,000 Water..... 370 6,144.. 319,240 “ 90 2,353.. 136,000 Steam 76 2 259.. 273,600 “ 515,862 Hand 31 1,000.. 25,000 Looms 68 929.. 65,800 Steam ,. ...1,351. ..26, 671.. .. 1,048,250 Hetorts 52 1,600.. 156,050 Forge 14 390.. 19,675 Hand 2 60.. 3,000 “ 54 2,426.. 52,000 “ 92 766.. 29,900 it 81 2,223.. 53,500 « 320 5,652.. 3 54.. 1.725 4 i 17 220.. 18,250 it 8 350.. 8,900 6 120.. 4,200 a 8 240.. 6, 000 27 660.. 22,800 “ 3 75.. 2,000 “ . 11 411.. 12,500 Kilns 46 689.. 28,725 Hand 30 1,065.. 35,150 Steam, &c. 458. ..12,591.. 497,550 Hand 8 100.. 5,000 Water 33 557.. 56,740 Steam, &c.. 16 362.. .... 24,274 Water 4 53.. 5,350 Steam, &c.. 14 293.. 31,560 Water, &c.. 502 9,055.. ...4,918,576 “ 185 2,806.. 539,689 H 2 30.. .... 1,400 186.... 2, 401.. 234,365 Steam 53 1,300.. 185,290 “ 14 320.. 21,500 Water...., 9 189.. 16,750 “ ..... 282,531 “ 304 5,191.. 399,778 “ ..... 13 206.. 21,525 Hand 262 2,374.. 151,900 “ 42 1,250.. 49,000 Steam 22 '442.. 27,312 “ 210 5,450.. “ ... ,. 35 732.. 8,975 Hand 1,596 “ 171,675 If 60 1,345.. 147,550 it 4 160.. .... 10,000 it 5 100.. .... 12,000 a 8 230.. 8,300 a 6 155.. 4,000 il 117 1,578.. 63,000 M 7 183 ... 15,500 li 5.... 132 . 9,800 a 163 5,396.. 124,550 a .... 2 50.. l,50fi “ 59. ...1,865.. 88,75© Steam, &c. 372 7,552.. 379,569 * Of the 28 printers and publishers returned in the census, 2 are returned for Anne Arundel County, 17 for the City of Baltimore, and 9 for Washington County. Thus it would appear that 18 counties have no printers 20 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 156 CHAUNCY BROOKS. WALTER B. BROOKS. DERICK FAHNESTOCK. BROOKS, FAHNESTOCK & CO. Jowign iinij Domestic Dnj dMs, No. 345 BALTIMORE AND 56 GERMAN STREET. J. M. OREM. W. S. HOPKINS. OREM, HOPKINS & CO. I HVC F O F. T F F S OF *(0) (0) 10) [§ '(S IS M IS M IL & IF ADAPTED TO MEN’S WEAR, Mo. S38 BALTIMORE STREET, NORTH SIDE, FOUR DOORS WEST OF CHARLES STBEET. The attention of Merchants from the South and West is respectfully solicited to our very extensive stock of in ©®®i § 3 Comprising one of the largest as well as most attractive in the United States. We pledge ourselves to sell onr goods as low as they can he bought in any other market in the country. Orders respectfully solicited and promptly attended to. WHXTELEY, BEOS. & STONE. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF TIIE STATE OF MARYLAND. Years. ' Domestic. — EXPORTS— Foreign. Total. ' imports. Years. ' Domestic. —EXPORTS - Foreign. TotaL IMPORTS 1815,... 4,086,274 950,327 5,036,601 — 1833,-.. 3,301,014 761,453 1,155,537 4,062,467 5,437,057 4,6 47,483 1816,... 4,834,490 2,504,277 7,338,767 — 1834,... 3,012,708 4,168,245 1817,... 5,887,884 3,046,046 8,933,930 — 1835,... 3,176,866 748,368 3,965,234 5,647,153 1818,... 4,945,322 3,625,412 8,570,634 — 1836,... 3,028,916 646,559 3,675,475 7,131,867 1819,... 3,648,067 2,278,140 5,926,216 — 1837,... 3,365,173 424,744 3,789,917 7,857,033 1820,... 4,681,598 1,927,766 6,609,364 — 1838,... 4,165,168 359,407 4, 524,575 5,701,869 1821,... 2,714,850 1,135,544 3,850,394$4,070,841 1839,... 4,313.189 263,372 4,57 6,561 6,995,285 1822,... 3,496,993 1,039,803 4,536,796 4,792.486 1840,... 5,495,020 273,748 5,768,768 4,910,746 1823,... 3,173,112 1,857,116 5,030,228 4,946,179 1841,... 4,739,160 158,006 4,947,166 6,101,313 1824,... 3,549,957 1,313,276 4,863,233 4,551,442 1842,... 4,635,507 269,259 4,904,766 4,417,078 1825,... 3.092,365 1,408,939 4,501,304 4,751,815 1843,... 4,820,215 195,342 5,015,556 2,479,132 1826,... 2.947,352 1,063,396 4,010,748 4,928,569 1844,... ' 4,841,950 291,216 5,133,166 3,917,750 1827,... 3,457,691 1,058,715 4,516,406 4,405,708 1845,... 6,744,110 124,945 6,869,053 4,042,915 1828,... 3,107,819 1,226,603 4,334,422 5,629,694 1846,... 6,744,110 124,945 6,869,055 4,042,915 1829,... 3,662,273 1,142,192 715,497 4,804,455 4,804,135 1847,... 9,632,360 129,884 9,762,244 4,432,314 1830,... 3,075,985 3,791,482 4,523,866 1848,... 7,016,034 113,748 7,129,782 5,343,643 1831,... 3,730,506 578,141 4,308,647 4,826,577 1849,... 7,786,695 213,965 8,000,660 4,976,731 1832,... 3,015,873 1,484,045 4,499,918 4,629,303 1850,... 6,589,481 377,872 6,967,353 6,124,201 The total value of real and personal estate in the several counties, as assessed for taxation, and the true valuation thereof as stated in the census returns ; and the amount of taxes collected in each county for the year 1849-50, are exhibited in the following table : Counties. , -Real and Personal Estate. , Amount of Assessed value. True valuation. taxation. Alleghany Anne Arundel, Baltimore.... Baltimore city, Calvert Caroline Carroll Cecil Charles Dorchester Frederick Harford Kent Montgomery . . Prince George. Queen Anne.. Somerset St. Mary’s Talbot Washington... Worcester. — $ 4 , 205 , 453 .... ....$ 5 , 080,635 9 , 774 , 931 .... .... 11 , 243,624 .... 31,931 13 , 546 . 132 .... .... 13 , 546,132 .... 70,880 80 , 237,960 80 , 237,960 .... 617,994 , 2 , 151 , 952 .... .... 2 , 474,096 .... 14,950 1 , 421 , 826 .... .... 1 , 421,826 .... 11,497 . 6 , 629 , 812 .... 6 , 629,812 .... 30,834 . 5 , 191 , 099 .... .... 6 , 500,000 .... 38,386 . 3 , 330 , 717 .... .... 6 , 645,891 20,859 . 4 , 635 , 105 .... 4 , 635,105 .... 39,561 . 18 , 773,926 .... 20 , 455,298 98,892 5 , 087 , 990 .... .... 5 , 087,990 .... 41,686 . 4 , 574 , 821 .... 4 , 574,821 .... 32,472 4 , 523 , 800 .... .... 4 , 523 , 800 .... .... 26,256 , 11 , 711 , 254 .... .... 11 , 921 , 478 .... 18,283 . 3 , 967 , 277 .... .... 3 , 967 , 277 .... .... 35,513 . 3 , 303 , 935 .... .... 4 , 129 , 919 .... .... 23,383 . 3 , 972 , 100 .... .... 21,246 4 , 541,295 4 , 541,295 .... 50,226 . 1 , 499 , 231 * .... 1 , 499 , 231 *... .... 57,758 . 3 , 523 , 009 .... .... 4 , 169 , 233 .... .... 14,393 Total $ 196 , 603,625 .$ 207 , 257,523 $ 1 , 334,429 Of the total taxation $444,866 was for state purposes ; $380,727 county tax ; $89,810 school tax; $22,651 poor tax; $14,866 road tax; and $381,509 tax for other purposes. The details of these, as respects the several counties, are stated in another part of this work. The aggregate number of paupers supported by all the counties within the year ending 1st June, 1850, was 4,458, of which 2,555 were native born, and 1,903 foreigners ; and the whole number of the same class receiving relief at the date specified, was 1,936 — namely, 1,618 natives, and 318 foreigners. The total cost to the counties was $71,668. The whole number of criminals convicted within the year ending 1st June, * The figures given are those of the census return ; a casual glance will show that there is some error in the sum as respects Washington county, and it is probable that the valuation is not less than ton times the amount stated 154 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. fashionable Matter This establishment, conducted upon cash principles , secures to the purchaser the best article that skill and experience can produce at the lowest price. _ A discount of ten per cent, is made upon the Actual market price; the fabric of the article in all cases being equal to those sold elsewhere at the ordinary rate. The Best Material and the best workmanship is employed to produce a $5 Hat, which is sold at $4.50. An article of second quality, usually sold at §4, as of first quality, is sold at this establishment for $3.60, being a clear abatement of 10 per cent. The stock embraces an unequaled assortment of Hats, Caps, Canes, Umbrellas, Opera Glasses, Perfumery and Fancy Articles, selected by agents in Paris. Strangers visiting the city must not fail to call. Remember, opposite Barnum’s. The acknowledged reputation of R. Q. Taylor for politeness and making good Hats — indeed, 11 One of Taylor’s best ” has become a by- word — and no wonder, his best he sells at $4,50. His motto is — Advertising, large sales, small profits and quick returns. — Editor. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. Average No. of Value Average Monthly Value ot Name of Business oi^ Establish- Capital of Raw Power Hands Cost of Annual Manufacture. ments. Invested. Material. Employed. Employed. Labor. Products. Printers, lithographic, &c. 2.. .. 9,600. 3,750 Hand 20... .. 700.. 16,500 ... 1... .. 10,000 2,200 8... . 300.. ... 1... . . 5,000 900 it 10.. 1 130.. 7,000 Rail-road machinery .... 4.. .. 81,500. 37,541 Steam 187... ..5,892.. 136,550 Regalia makers 3.. .. 5,500. 31,600 Hand 72... .. 860.. 50,500 71.. .. 90,195. 90,834 it 285... ,.6,920.. 222,053 1.. 200. 664 it 2.. .. 64.. 2,228 Sail makers .... 24.. .. 21,680. 121,526 <. 112... ..3,170.. 211,530 Screw-dock company .... 1... .. 30,000. Steam 15.. .. 580.. 15,000 Ship builders .... 24.. ..164,000. 273,985 Hand 673... 26,722.. 832,100 13.. .. 14,220. 32,155 (< 82... ..3,207.. 89,500 “ smiths .... 16.. .. 17^600. 23,738 if ..2,614.. 91,700 2.. .. 8,600. 5,500 U 16.. .. 503., 15,000 Silversmiths, jewelers and watch makers - -■ .. 55,400. 93,611 li ..... 120... ..4,124.. 236,175 Soap and candle makers. (See chandlers.] Soap-stone quarries .... 1.. .. 4,700. if .. 260., 4,500 «* manufacturers. 1.. ..100,000. 8,000 Steam 20.. .. 720. 20.000 Steam-engine makers 2.. ..125,000. 66,279 “ .... 330.. .10,725. 227,000 Stone cutters .... 29.. ..139,050 112,425 Hand 283.. ..9,340. 278,364 6.. .. 6,000 u 65.. ..1,620. 49,850 •••*- Stove makers 19.. ..271,500 320,875 Steam 413.. .12.259. 665,000 Sugar refiners 2.. .. 62,000 184,040 “ 19.. .. 560. 303,500 Tanners ....116.. ..628,900 725,612 it 479.. ..8,034. ... 1.103,139 Tinners .... 69.. .. 91,325 113,483 Hand .... 253.. ..6,628. 262,117 Turners 8.. .. 9,925. 25,350 Steam.... 21.. .. 586. Umbrella makers 7.. .. 9,300. 23,948 Hand .... 50.. .. 760. 49,572 Upholsterers 14.. .. 24,200. 36,290 “ 76.. ..1,557. 78,160 Varnish malcprs 1.. .. 1,200 1,378 ff 2.. .. 80. 3,400 Vinecrar maVfirs , 2.. 350. 2,365 a 3.. .. 64 4,090 Weavers .... 16.. .. 8,396. 22,416 Looms.... 37.. .. 676. 36,025 Wheelwrights 33.. .. 10,675 15,124 Hand .... 85.. ..1,804. 51,029 Whip and cane makers . . 3.. .. 10,650 16,650 “ .... .. 618. 27,950 White-lead makers 1.. .. 25,000. 24,000 Steam . . . . 20.. .. 600. 42,000 White and lock smiths. . . 10., ... 6,422 7,721 Hand .... 33.. .. 895. 27,900 Wig and curl makers — . 2.. .. 5,800. 4,450 “ .... 12.. .. 172. 8,000 Wire-workers 5.. .. ' 5,800. 5,450 it .. 510. 16,500 Aggregate ..3,708 $14,753,143 $17,326,734 30,124 $614,556 $32,477,702 Of the hands employed in the above industrial establishments, 22,641 were males and 7,483 females. The principal businesses in which the females are em- ployed are — boot and shoe factories, which employ 634 ; clothing establishments, which employ 3,554 ; cotton factories, which employ 2,035 ; and millineries, which employ 262 ; the residue of the aggregate being engaged in other occupa- tions of minor importance, but chiefly those in which dress, decorations, and fancy articles are manufactured. The monthly cost of the labor of the average number of male hands employed in 1850 was $544,931, or about $24 to each hand, and the monthly cost of the average number of female hands employed was $69,625, or about $9 31 to each hand. The wages paid to hands, however, necessarily varies with the description of employment. The average wages of a carpenter is about $1 25 a day. Farm hands average, with board, $7 88 a month ; a day-laborer, with board, earns on an average $0 49, and without board, an average of $0 69 ; and average weekly wages to a female domestic, with board, is $0 89. The ■within their limits ; yet in the returns of the newspaper press, (published under the Census Commissioner’s name in Livingston’s Law Register for 1852,) it is there shown that in the counties which are apparently without printers and publishers, there are no less than 32 newspapers issued from no less than 24 several towns and vil- lages. There must be some omission here, else the printers of Maryland must be the veritable descendants of Dr. Faustus, and print by the power of magic, or some other spiritnal agency, which the census takers could not assess. The amount of capital invested therein, the raw material consumed, or the annual product thereof, are under the circumstances, no doubt, purposely omitted, although an exposition on these points would have been very interesting. BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 160 CHARLES H. ROSS & CO. IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC No. 20 Commerce Street, one door North of Pratt, [keep constantly in store and united states bonded warehouses, Cognac Brandy, “Hennessy,” “ Otard, Dupuy & Co.,” “Jean Louis,” Dark and Pale. Rochelle Brandy, “ A Seignette, ” “Eugene Robin,” “ L. Durand & Co.,” Dark and Pale. HOLLAND GIN, IRISH AND SCOTCH WHISKEY. W I N E S : Madeira, Port, Sherry, Teneriffe, Champagne and Claret ; Imitation Sweet Malaga Wine. OLD WHISKEY OF VARIOUS QUALITIES, Some very superior and highly improved by age, to which we particularly invite the attention both of the City trade and Merchants visiting the city. Domestic Brandy and Gin, N. E. Rum, Rectified Whiskey, Aniseed, Cinnamon and Peppermint Cordials, Pure and Mild Cherry Brandy, Pure Blackberry Brandy, Old Peach and Apple Brandy. C. C. O’NEIL, DIN ilKMIT AND DEALER IN IMPORTED £B IB & S3 © 11 H 3 j ©BE}* SCOTCH IXULSIZ 'OTXXXSKJEI'S', London Brown Stout, Scotch Ales, Domestic Liquors, Segars, Country Produce generally, Choice Groceries, Teas, &c. S. E. Corner Howard and Pratt Streets, Near B. & 0. R. E. Depot. Refers to — Drakeley k Fenton, R. Garret k Sons, C. C. Jamieson, President Bank of Bal- timore; Miller k Mayhew, Reynolds, Smith & Co.; G. R. Gaither, Esq.; L. B. Banks, Presi- dent U. M. Co. Md. RICHARD THOMPSON, 143 Fayette St., between Howard and Park Streets, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN Coach, Barouch & Buggy Lamps OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, Patent, Enameled and Colored Canvas, Oil Cloth, &c. Dasli, Enameled and Collar Leather; Fellows, Spokes, Hubs and Bows, Springs, Axles, Carriage and Tire Bolts; Brass, Silver and Malable Bands ; Knobs, Nails, Curtain Frames, Whip Sockets, &c. ; Malable Castings of every description; Coach, Japan and Leather Varnish, &c., wholesale and retail. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. average price of board to laboring men is $1 75 a week, varying from $1 37 to $i 2 35 in the several counties. In regard of foreign commerce Maryland ranks fifth or sixth among the United States. Its intercourse is chiefly with the northern German ports, the West Indies, and South America. According to the Report of the Register of the U. S. Treasury on Commerce and Navigation, for the year ending the 30th June, 1850, the exports from Baltimore were valued at $6,967,353, and the im- ports to $6,124,201, of which the following are the details : In American Vessels. In Foreign Vessels. Total. Exports — Domestic produce $4,657,185 $1,932,296 $6,589,481 “ Foreign produce 250,861 127,011 377,872 Total exports $4,908,046 $2,059,307 $6,967,353 Imports 5,529,682 594,519 6,124,201 Aggregate Exports and Imports $10,437,728 $2,653,826 $13,091,554 The character, tonnage, and crews of the shipping employed in the foreign trade were as follows : CHARACTER. Vessels. CLEARED Tonnage. Crews. Vessels. — ENTERED- Tonnage. Crews. American ....359... ... 89,296 ..3,605. 295... ...70,427.. 2,770 Foreign ... 37,523 ..1,670 143... ...29.161.. 1,341 Total ....521... ..5,275 438 99,588 4,111 The total amount of registered shipping owned within the district of Baltimore was 67,061 tons permanently registered, and 23,608 tons temporarily registered. The tonnage of the state and of the districts to which it belonged, exclusive of the above, was as follows : Licensed DISTRICT. Enrolled. (under 20 tons.) Total, Steam Shipping. B altimore 57,612.... ... 58,349 13,114 Oxford 12,066 277 ... 12,343... — Vienna 14,942 536 .. 15,478... Snow Hill 9,226 St. Mary’s 2,143 — Town Creek 2,227 . — . . . 2,227. . . — Annapolis 24 .. 2,322... Total The number of vessels built within the state, in the year 1849-50, was 150, with a total burden of 15,964 tons: of which were built in Baltimore 16 ships, 5 brigs, 41 schooners, and 4 steamers, in the aggregate 11,683 tons ; in Oxford 31 schooners of 1,757 tons; in Vienna 27 schooners of 1,533 tons, and in Snow Hill 26 schooners of 990 tons. Commerce of Maryland from 1790 to 1850. Years.' Domestic. —EXTORTS- Foreign. Total.* 1MP0BTS * Years. Domestic. ■EXPORTS Foreign. Total. IMPORTS* 1791,$ — — $ 2,239,691$ — 1803,.. ..$3,707,040$ 1,371,022$ 5,078,062 — 1792, — — 2,623,808 — 1804,. .. 3,938,840 5,213,099 9,151,939 — 1793, — — 3 665,056 — 1805,. .. 3,408,543 7,450,937 10,859,480 — 1794, — — 5,686,191 — 1806,. .. 3,661,131 10,919,774 14,580,905 — 1795, — — 5,811,380 — 1807,. . . 4,016,699 10,282,285 14,298,984 — 1796, — — 9,201,315 — 1808,. . . 764,922 1,956,184 2,721,106 — 1797, — — 9,811,380 — 1809,. .. 2,570,957 4,056,369 6,627,326 — 1798, — — 12,746,190 — 1810,. .. 3,275,904 3,213,114 6,489,018 — 1799, — — 16,299,609 1811,. .. 4,553,582 2,280,405 6,833,987 — 1800, — — 12,264,331 1812,. .. 3,956,093 1,929,886 5,885,979 1801, — — 12,767,530 — 1813,. .. 2,782,073 1,005,792 3,787,865 — 1802, — — 7,914,225 — 1814,. . . 238,235 10,199 248,434 * No returns of the value of imports prior to 1821. 158 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. IN BONDED WAREHOUSES OF OUR OWN IMPORTATION, Cognac Hrandies — “Otard,” “Hennessy,” “ Pinnett,” “ Martell,” &c. ESocbelle Brandies — “ Seignette,” “ Pellevoisinf ’ “Durand & Co,” &c., &c. Hollaed Gin — “Grape/’ “Crown,” “Imperial Pear,” &c., &c. Wines — Including “Champagne,” “Sherry,” “Port,” “Madeira,” &c. AMERICAN LIQUORS, included in which we guarantee the finest Stock of Old Rye Whiskey in the United States, ‘ ‘ Baker,” ‘ ‘ J ounston Martin,” ‘ ‘ Pure Rye,” “Extra Superior,” (Star “Superior,” and “Monongahela.” Domestic Brandy, Gin, Pure Spirits, Tuscaloosa Extra, Rectified Whiskey, Bit- ters, Imitation Wine, &c. Ginger, Raspberry, Lavender and Wild Cherry Brandy. All guaranteed to be unsurpassed, and to give satisfaction or be taken back. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. 1850, was *207, of which 183 were natives, and 24 foreigners; and the number in prison at that date, undergoing the penalties inflicted, was 397, of which 325 were natives, and 72 foreigners. The provisions for education in Maryland, though by no means sufficient for the amount of population in the state, are still very respectable. The law with re- gard to schools has been recently amended, and in consonance with its provi- sions the counties have been divided into school districts, in which it is ‘impera- tive on the inhabitants to establish and support schools for a certain period in each year. Many of the counties, however, have not yet complied with the law ; but nevertheless there have been great improvements effected, and the prospect of future efficiency in all that pertains to public schools is very promising. The means of obtaining education in this state, as they existed on 1st June, 1850, are returned in the census as follows : Primary and Academies and Colleges and Public schools. other schools. Universities. Number of establishments...... 923 174 12 Number of teachers 1,104 427 95 Number of scholars, &c 34,467 7,759 1,112 Total annual income $225,260 $206,430 $124,7 1 4 Viz : income from endowment 2,959 12,365 “ from taxation 75,296 “ from public funds 67,412 15,227 3,200 “ from other sources 79,563 178,808 121,514 The whole number of white children who attended school within, or during any part of the year, was 60,447, of which 32,214 were males, and 28,233 fe- males ;• and the total number of free colored children was 1,616, of which 886 were males, and 730 females. Of all classes, amounting to 62,063, those of liar tive birth numbered 60,386, and those of foreign birth, 1,677. Of those classed “ adults who cannot read and write,” the whites numbered 20,815, of whom 8,557 were males, and 12,258 females, and the free colored numbered 21,062, of which 9,422 were males, and 11,640 females. Of the total number of white persons in this class 17,364 were native born, and 3,451 foreigners. The total number of public libraries in the state was 17, containing 54,750 volumes ; private libraries 325, containing 222,455 volumes ; school libraries 8, containing 6,335 volumes; Sunday school libraries 84, containing 28,315 vol- umes ; college libraries 10, containing 33,792 volumes ; and church libraries 5, containing 1,850; volumes. Total, 449 libraries, and 347,497 volumes. The statistics of the public press of the state present the following generalities respecting the number of periodicals published, and the aggregate number of copies printed annually : Character. No. Circulation of each istue. Copies annu- ally printed. Character. No. Copiee annually printed. Religious 6... ...13,950.., ....669,400 Daily 6 15,806,500 Political — whig ....22... ...19,172... ..2,739,744 Tri- Weekly 4 499,700 li democratic..,. ....17... ...12,465.. ..1,457,180 Weekly 54 Miscellaneous ...20... ...71,000... .14,654,000 Semi-monthly 1 48,000 Agricultural 1... ....6,000.. 72,000 Monthly Musical 1... ....1,000.. 12,000 _ Colonization 1... 700.., 8,400 Total Total ..124,287... .19,612,724 The following is a detailed list of the newspapers published in Maryland. It is not given in the official census sent in to Congress by the commissioner ; but it is taken from the list of newspapers and periodicals furnished to and published in Livingston’s Law Register for 1852, by the “Hon. J. C. G. Kennedy, of the Census Office,” and may be considered as officially correct: 21 162 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CiTa TO TT? ITT? ar> st> WILLIAM TOLAND, MANUFACTURER OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF SAWS, TROWELS, &c. No. 85 Street ARTISTS, PAINTERS & DAGUERREOTYPIST^S DEPOT. WILLIAM A. WISONG, Nio. 3 NOETIH LIBERTY STREET, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN GLASS, PAINTS OILS, VARNISHES, BRUSHES, TURPENTINE, ARTISTS’ MATERIALS, DAGUERREOTYPE STOCK. \mwm 9 OTSF JkMD W& MSBMB ®3aMS» OP iSNY DESIGN OR PATTERN, FURNISHED TO ORDER. BLAIS & O O. AND DEALERS IN No. 9 EUTAW HOUSE, BALTIMORE STREET. LONG T <3 BJ 7 224 0 POUNDS. J. B. YOUH8S, Agent. MOO RE & FIS HER, MINERS AND DEALERS IN AGENTS FOR CUMBERLAND COAL. COAL YARD 132 MONUMENT STREET, NEAR ENSOR. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND, Name. Town and Co. Issued. Cumb. Civilian Cumberland, Alleg...YY .. Alleghanian “ “ “ .. Unionist “ .... “ .. Md. Republican.. Annapolis, Anne Ar... “ .. Free Press “ “ 11 Howard Gazette. .Ellicotts Mills. “ “ .. Balt. Co. Advocate Baltimore, Balt... “ . . Luth. Chr. Messenger. . . “ « ..S. M.. Baltimore Sun “ “ ....D.. do do , “ “ ....W.. do Clipper •» “ ... D.. do do “ “ ....W.. Baltimore American “ “ D ) do do “ “ .T. W } do do do Patriot “ “ D ? do do “ “ .T.W 5 Republican and Argus. “ “ D) “ “ .T. W> “ “....W> do do do do German Correspondent. “ “ D.. Baltimore Herald “ “ .T.W.. American Farmer “ “ 31. . Methodist Protestant. . . “ “ ,...W.. Catholic Mirror “ “ ....W.. Baltimore Olio “ “ 31.. Colonization Journal. .. “ “ 31.. Free Union « “ ....W.. Lutheran Observer “ “ ....W.. German Catholic. ...... “ “ ....W.. Maryland Reformer “ “ W.. Carrolltonian. ..Westminster, Carroll . . W.. Carroll Co. Democrat.. “ “ W.. Cecil Whig Elkton, Cecil. .W.. Char, Circ. Whig... 400 Dem 405 .Neut. ..400 Dem.... 700 . “ ....500 Misc ...550 Rel. .".2,000 Neut. 30, 000 “ .18,000 “ .. 8,000 “ ..5,000 Whig. 5,500 “ ..4,200 Dem.. 5, 000 Indep.4,000 Dem.. 1,000 Agri. .6,000 Rel... 3, 700 Rel.. .1,500 Mus.. 1.000 ; Col’n 700 I Rel 750 j Rel... 4.000 ! Rel... 2, 000 ' Dem 800 , Whig... 700 ; Dem 400 • Whig... 500 | Name. Town and Co. Issued. . Char. Circ. Cecil Democrat Elkton, Cecil. .W.. Dem... .500 Port Tobacco Times. ..Pt. Tob., Chas. ,W. .Neut... .300 Denton Journal Denton, Caroline. .W.. Liter 100 Cam. Chronicle Cambridge, Dor. .W. .Whig.. .300 do.. Democrat “ “ ..W..Dem — 360 The Star Frederick, Fred.. W.. Liter.. 200 Banner ofLiberty “ “ W.. Whig.. .600 Catoctin Whig, Catoctin, “ W. .Whig.. .500 Examiner Frederick, “ W. .Whig. . .150 Frederick Herald “ “ W. .Whig.. .600 Republican Citizen “ .... “ ..,.W..Dem 800 Emm’b’gStar Emmittsburg, “ W.. Li ter.... 200 Madisonian Hav. de Grace, Har. .W..Dem — 400 Gazette Bel-Air, “ .. .W. .Whig. . .300 Republican “ “ ...W..Dem 300 Kent News Charlestown, Kent. .W . .Whig.. .500 Maryland Journal... Rockville, Montg. .W. .Whig.. .600 Marlboro’ Gazette. Up. Marlbo.’ P. Geo. .W. .Neut. . .500 Cent, Times Centreville, Q. Anne.-W . .Whig.. .400 do. .Sentinel “ ..... “ ,...W..Dem 200 Somerset Herald Pr. Anne, Som. .W. .Whig.. .500 Beacon Leonardtown, St. M«ry’s..W..Indep...300 Easton Gazette Easton, Talbot.. W. .Whig.. .372 do.. .Star “ “ W..Dem 400 The Odd-Fellow . ...Boonsboro’, Wash. .W . .Neut. ..350 Clear Spring Sentinel. Cl. Spring, “ .. .W. .Whig.. .450 Hagerstown News. Hagerstown,.. “ W .. Neut. ..800 Herald of Freedom “ “ .. .W.. Whig.. .700 Hagerstown Mail “ “ ...W..Dem 800 People’s Own. ... ....... “ . . . W . .Neut. . . .500 Torchlight “ “ ...W.. Whig.. .700 Republican “ “ ...W..Dem 300 Casket “ “ ...W.. Neut.. 1,400 Worcester Shield... .Snow Hill, Wore. . W. .Whig.. .400 D. daily ; W. weekly ; T. W. tri-weekly ; S. 31. semi-monthly ; and M. monthly. The statistics of churches, as returned in the census, are very meagre. From the table of occupations, (see page 31,) we learn that the whole number of clergy- men is 430, and the following are the figures relating to church buildings, church accommodation, and church property : Character or Number of Aggregate Value of Denomination. Churches. Accommodation. Property. Baptist 45 15,950 $130,710 Church of God, 2 1,700 Covenanter t 600. 2,000 Evangelical Reformed 40,000 Friend or Quaker 26 114,050 German Reformed ..... . ...... .. 22 14,800 197.800 Jewish 3 1,400 41,000 Lutheran 40 247,950 Mennonite Methodist ..... 479 181,715 837,665 Presbyterian 56 22, 635. 376,300 Protestant Episcopal 133 60,105 610,877 Roman Catholic 65 31,100 Tunker 8,400 Union or Free Unitarian . L United Brethren (Moravian) 12 5,350 32,500 Universal! st 26,000 "Wine brennarian Total.... 379,465 The following statistics are taken from returns published by the several churches about the year 1851. The Baptist Church in Maryland consists of the Regular and the Anti-Mission Baptists: the Regular church, in 1850, was comprised in one association, and embraced 22 churches, 18 licensed ministers, and 2,004 members ; and the Anti* * One of the Roman Catholic churches, the cathedral at Baltimore, has property reported as valued a» $495,000. . ]04 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. No. 147 Pratt Street, opposite the Maltby House, Keep constantly on hand a general assortment of Groceries, Foreign and Domestic Liquors, &c. , to which they invite the attention of purchasers. STIFiZESIEJT,, JAMES MONHOE, PROPRIETOR. This Hotel i« situated in Camden street, opposite the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Depot. The House ia new and splendidly furnished throughout, and is central in its location. The proprietor pledges himself that every effort will be made to conduce to the.comfort of his guests, and to make the National a desirable sojourn for the traveler. By an arrangement with the great Southern and Western linen, all through trains will stop at the National Hotel, giving passengers sufficient time to get their meals. Baggage taken to the House free of charge. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF' MARYLAND. Mission church was comprised in two associations, and embraced 23 churches, 8 ordained and 3 licensed ministers. The Methodist Church is comprised in the Conference of Baltimore, and in the Methodist Episcopal Church North, and in 1850 embraced 253 traveling, 25 super- annuated, and 303 local preachers, and 68,855 church members, of which 15,802 were colored persons. There were at that time 539 Sunday schools attached to the church, with 7,112 teachers, and 33,805 scholars. The Protestant Episcopal Church is comprised in the Diocese of Maryland, which also includes the District of Columbia, and consists of a bishop, 122 clergy- men, and 7,138 communicants. It has also connected with it 327 Sunday school teachers, and 2,167 scholars ; a corporation for the relief of thg widows and chil- dren of deceased clergymen ; a Prayer Book, Homily and Tract Society, and the following several colleges and schools — College of St. J ames, near Hagerstown ; St. Timothy's Hall, Catonsville ; Patapsco Female Institute, Ellicott Mills ; Hannah More Academy for Girls ; St. John’s Institute, Mt. Alban, D. C. ; St. Mary’s Hall, Baltimore, and Trinity School, Baltimore. The College of St. James is one of the best in the country, and has a very efficient professional staff. In 1850, it had in the college class 42 students; and in the grammar school 53. The Roman Catholic Church is comprised in the Arch-diocese of Baltimore, which also includes the District of Columbia. This is the oldest see in the United States. The statistics of this arch-diocese, given in the Catholic Almanac for 1850, ex- hibits the following details : Churches, 70 ; churches building, 4; chapels, 9 ; other stations, 10 ; clergymen, on the mission, 57 ; clergymen otherwise employed, 46 ; Catholic population about 100,000 ; ecclesiastical seminaries, 6 ; clerical students, 98 ; literary institutions for young men, 5 ; female religious institutions, 7 ; female academies, 7 ; free schools, 12 ; charitable institutions, orphan asylums, &c., 23. The Ecclesiastical Seminaries are St. Mary’s Theological Seminaries, under charge of the Sulpitians ; Mount St. Mary’s Theological Seminary, near Emmittsburg ; the Noviciate of the Society of Jesus, at Frederick City ; St. Charles’ College, near Baltimore ; the Seminary and Noviciate of the Re- demptionists, and the Congregation 'of the Mission, near Emmittsburg. The Literary Institutions for Young Men , within the arch-diocese, are — St. Mary’s College, at Baltimore; Georgetown College, D. C. ; Mt. St. Mary’s College, near Emmittsburg ; St. John’s College, Frederick City, and Washington Seminary, D. C. ; and the Convents and Female Academies are — the Convent and Academy of the Visitation, at Georgetown ; the Convent and Academy of the Visitation, at Baltimore ; the Convent and Academy of the Visitation, at Washington, D. C. ; the Convent and Academy of the Visitation, at Frederick City ; St. Joseph’s Sisterhood and St. Joseph’s Academy, near Emmittsburg ; the Carmelite Convent, and Carmelite Sisters’ Academy, Baltimore ; the Sisters of Notre Dame. Balti- more; St. Vincent’s School for Girls, Baltimore; St. Peter’s School for Girls, Baltimore ; and the School for Colored Girls, Baltimore. The Universalist Church consists of three societies, and has three meeting houses, and two preachers. The census 'only returns one church (at Baltimore) belonging to this denomination, but the U. Almanac for 1851, reports one at Elk- ton, and one at Woodboro’, in addition. With these returns are included all the statistics embraced in the census, and also the statistics of commerce ; and here might be concluded this general ac- count of the state. Since the taking of the census, however, several essential alterations, as before intimated, have been made in the state constitution, and in the organization of the government, an account of which will no doubt be looked for in a work of this description. The following abstract is therefore submitted : 166 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. BROADWAY SKYLIGHT SPLENDID PICTURES AT MODERATE PRICES! The subscriber having been for some time past under the tutorship of several of the best masters of the Daguerreian Art, has now opened the splendid Sky-Light Gallery, 3 ^ 0 . 133 Satisfaction guaranteed in every instance. Pictures inserted in Lockets, Breast Pins, Finger Bings, A1 STD Upholsterers'' Materials Generally, No. 15 NOHTH GAY STREET, TWO DOORS SOUTH OF FAYETTE. Always on hand an assortment of BR0CATELLE8, LOOKING-GLASS PLATES, PLUSH- ES, SPRINGS, WEBS, DAMASKS, CURLED HAIR, HAIR CLOTHS, GLUES, &e,, &c. Orders from all parts of the Union promptly filled, at lowest rates. All kinds of Lumber, Veneers, Castors, Locks, Bolts, Escutchions, Bed Screws, Brads, Locks, Knobs, Glos Spindles or Screws, Sand Papers, Gimps, Black and Brown Muslin, Leather, Japan and Lasting Buttons, Springs, Twine and Burlaps, at as low a price as can be had in this country. ALL ALT year ending 1st June, 1850, there occurred 596 births, 138 marriages, and 150 deaths; and at that period, there were in the county 10 deaf and dumb persons, 8 blind, 5 insane, and 4 idiotic. The county contained 892 farms, occupying 72,577 acres of improved, and 144,695 acres of unimproved lands ; and the cash value of these was $2,519,858 ; the value of farming implements and machinery was $60,368. The stock of domestic animals consisted of 2,902 horses, 9 asses and mules, 4,207 milch cows, 89 working oxen, 6,257 other cattle, 12,439 sheep, and 7,877 swine — in all, valued at $270,070 ; and the amount of animal pro- ducts in 1849-50 was — wool 25,244 pounds, butter 231,038 pounds, cheese 880 pounds, and the value of animals slaughtered was $57,587. The cereal crops amounted, in bushels: wheat to 73,525, rye to 29,187, Indian corn to 101,773, oats to 163,943, barley to 100, and buckwheat to 19,887, and the crop of peas and beans to 67 bushels, and that of Irish potatoes to 21,920 bushels. The value of the products of the orchard was $6,714, and of the market garden, $475. The crop of hay amounted to 10,896 tons, and flax was pro- duced to the amount of 1,517 pounds. Miscellaneous productions were : honey and bees- wax 6,451 pounds ; maple sugar 47,740 pounds ; molasses 1,430 gallons ; wine 65 gallons. Home-made manufactures were valued at $9,397. The whole number of manufacturing establishments in the county, in 1850, was 24, with an aggregate capital of $750,100, employing 403 hands, at wages averaging $9,284 per month, and producing annually to the value of $491,391. There were two establish- ments for the manufacture of cabinet-ware, and two for cigars ; two for woolen goods, water power ; one for fire-brick ; one foundry, and one furnace, steam power ; four saw- mills, steam and water power; three coal mining establishments, one rail-road machine shop ; and seven tanneries, steam power. The mining statistics, as returned in the census, are probably deficient, and that great interest of the country seems to have been almost overlooked by those entrusted with its ascertainment. The valuation of real and personal estate, in 1850, amounted to $4,205,453, (true valu- ation, $5,080,635,) and the amount of taxes assessed thereon, $37,429, of which, $10,514 for state purposes, and $26,915 for county purposes. The whole number of paupers supported during the year 1849-50 was 50, viz. : 44 natives and 6 foreigners, and the cost to the county was $2,000 ; number of criminals convicted, 4, viz.: 1 native and 3 foreigners ; and the number in prison on the first of June, 1850, was 12, viz. : 7 natives and 5 foreigners. The number of adults in the county who could not read and write was 1,139, viz. : 389 na- tives and 750 foreigners. Primary and public schools, in number 109, were attended by 2,480 children ; and 105 were being educated at academies and other schools. Three newspapers are published weekly — all at Cumberland. Accommodation was provided in 31 churches for 13,900 hearers ; and the value of church property was returned at $81,000, — 17 Metho- dist churches could accommodate 5,950 persons; 5 Roman Catholic, 3,000; 4 Lutheran, 2,000 ; 2 Protestant Episcopal, 1,400 ; 1 German Reformed, 800 ; 1 Presbyterian, 400 ; and 1 Baptist, 350. There are 72 libraries (private) and 55,467 volumes owned in the county. Adults, unable to read and write, 1,139. The great thoroughfares within Alleghany County are the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, the Baltimore and Ohio rail-road, and the National Road leading from Cumberland to the Western States ; the latter constructed by the federal government, at a great expense. There are also several state and county roads, and rail-roads leading to the coal and iron mines, viz : the Mount Savage rail-road, from Cumberland to the iron mines at Mount Savage ; Eckart rail-road, from Cumberland to Eckart’s, the New- York Company’s, and the Washington mines; Detmold’s rail-road, a wooden track, 3 feet wide, from Braddock’s Run and Eckart’s to Lonaconing; and there is a line of rail- road contemplated from the latter place to the mouth of George’s Creek, opposite to Western Port. Cumberland is the county seat of justice ; and the villages and post-offices are — Acci- dent, Altamont, Bevansville, Bloomington, Cresap Town, Dawson’s, Flintstone, Frankville, Friendsville, Frostburg, Grantsville. Hoystown, Keyser’s Ridge, Little Crossings, Lona- coning, Mt. Savage, Old Town, Orleans, Pleasant Grove, Prattsville, Sangrun, Savage Mill, Shade Mill, Selby’s Port, S wanton, Wellersburg, Western Port, Winston, and Yough Glades. Allen’s Fresh, p. o., Charles co. Situate at the crossing of the creek of the same name, a large tributary of Port Tobacco river ; 6 m. s. e. of Port Tobacco, and 81 b. s. w. of Annapolis. Altamont, v., Alleghany co. Situate in a mountain region, 2,600 feet above tide- water, near the head waters of Savage r., and on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R.R. ; 44 m. s. w. of Cumberland. 180 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. ms ®2 mh©m & saraa raas» CHAS. T. HOLLOWAY, American Watches WARRANTED FOR FOUR YEARS, No. 94 BALTIMORE STREET, IMPORTED AND AMERICAN AND ALBATA WARE OP EVERY VARIETY. WATCHES ©a©®s© mi REPAIRED AT THE SHORTEST NOTICB. GEORGE FLATTIOH, IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER OF OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, No. 37 SOUTH CALVERT STREET. f, SILVER The subscriber will keep constantly on band an assortment of articles pertaining to the wants of the Dental Profession, as follows, viz : O H ^ I jE*. €» , SPITTOONS, GOLD, SILVER AND PLATINA PLATE AND WIRE, SOLDERS, TEBTII OP ALL DESCRIPTIONS, &c., &c. Also, Platina supplied in every variety of form. Platina Scrap melted and made into Plate or Wire. jlSrG old, Silver and Platina Scrap taken in exchange. Cash orders promptly attended to. HENEY S^TOWDElsr, N. E. CORNER OF BALTIMORE AND EUTAW STREETS, OPPOSITE TUB EUTAW HOUSE. ALL ANN Annapolis City, port of entry and p. o. ; co. seat., Anne Arundel co., and capital of the state of Maryland. Situate on the w. .side of Severn r., three miles from its en- trance into Chesapeake Bay, and distant 44 m. e. n. e. of Washington, D. C. Lat. 38° 58' 50" n. : Long. 76° 29' 26" w. from Greenwich, 0° 32' 04" e. from Washington. In 1830. the population was 2.623 ; in 1840, 2,792; and in 1850, 3,011—1,774 white persons, 585 free colored persons, and 652 slaves. The government removed from St. Mary’s, the old capital, to Anna- polis, then called Providence, in 1689. An- napolis is regularly laid out ; its streets di- verging from the State House and Episco- pal Church, as from two principal centres. The State House is a substantial building ; in this the old Congress held some of its sessions : and the Senate Chamber, in which Washington resigned his commission to that august body, has been preserved unaltered. The state library contains about 25,000 volumes. The city has a market- house, a bank, (the Farmers’ Bank of Mary- land,) a theatre, and about 420 dwellings, many of which are elegant and spacious. St. John’s College, formerly a branch of the University, but now under different aus- pices, is located here. It was founded in 1784, and in 1850 had six professors, 30 students, 150 alumni, 8 of whom were min- isters, and a library containing 3,292 volumes. There are six academies, and four or five other schools ; and the public press consists of two newspapers, issued weekly, together circulating 1,200 copies. The shipping owned in the collection dis- trict of Annapolis, on the 1st June, 1850, was 2,323 tons, of which 336 was navigated by steam power. Some small manufac- tures are carried on, and the coasting tradots and shoes. ...247, 215. .356. .2, 329. .1,191, 650 1" weries 59,300. ..16 74 119,420 Bricks 190,000. ..45....9S4. ...332,530 Cabinetwiire. 274, 257.. 111... -.817 631.364 Cigars lSS.Gf.O .. 120. ... 433 593.310 Chemicals 210,000 5 118 421,200 Clothiers 617, 5S0..23S.. 5, 196.. 2.646,190 Coach, &c 79,350 ... 26 275 304, 2S8 Coppersmiths l n ,C00 6 27 40,600 Distilleries ? 5,500 5 9 35S.S64 Earthenware 42,300 8 87 74,800 Forges 30,000 j 35 G9,000 Foundries, Brass 52,240.. . 10 76. ...273, 600 “ iron... 198,500 13... .576.... 434,862 “ type. &c. 1 5,000 1 31 23,000 Furnaces, iron 27,590 2 .... 403 195,000 “ copper. . .100,000 1 40 . . .. 450,000 Glass 54.00C 2 54 52^000 Gunsmiths 14,100.. .10 79 52,900 Ma U’l instruments . . . 3,600 ....4 8 8.900 Mu.*; leal do 1,600 2 6 4,200 Surgical do 3,000. ...2 8 6,000 M achinist 176,000 ... 12 .... 377 .... 420,550 Mills, flour 130,000 4 22. ... 491,133 Piano Forte 61.000 ... 10 1C3 124,550 Printers & Publish. 114, 200. ..17 229 ....35S.234 •* lithographic.. 9. 600 0. . ...20 16,500 “ music 10,000 1 8 20,000 It. It. machinery 71,500 3 1.71 103,000 Rolling mills 60,000 1 96. ... 171,531 Sails 21 ,650.. . 24 .... 112.. .. 21 1.5S0 Ship-builders 161,500 ... 21 .... 631 820,000 “ joiners 14,220 13 82 69,500 “ smiths 71, 600.. .16.... 109 91,700 Silversmiths, <5cc 55,400... 31 120 936,175 Steam engines 125,000 2 330 229,000 Stove-makers 27 1,590 .. . 19 ... .4 1 3 665,000 Sugar refiners 62,000 2 19.... 303, 500 T anneries 141,000... .7 72.... 277,150 Weavers 7,696... 15 36 34,225 Wheelwrights 4, 550... 21 50 37,430 Whitesmiths 6,422... 10 33 27,900 As a commercial city, Baltimore ranks next to New-Orleans among the southern ports. It has an immense inland trade, which will be greatly increased when the lines of communication are completed to a junction with those of Ohio and oilier western states. In I860, the principal re- ceipts from the interior for consumption and export were: Cumberland coal, 146.645 tons, and Anthracite 160,000 tons; wheat, 4.600.000 bushels, (about 1.750,000 busheb taken by millers, and 350,000 bushels shipped;) Indian corn, 3.000,000 bushels ; oats, 450,000 bushels, and considerable lots of rye, barley, peas and beans; beef, pork, and bacon ; tobacco, 41,833 hhds. ; wool, 500.000 lbs., &c.. &c. ; the inspections of flour amounted to 896,592 barrels ; of corn meal to 46,000 barrels ; and of rye flour to 5,441 barrels ; of leather, to 413,974 sides. Flour and tobacco, however, are the two great staples of Baltimore, and well has it been designated as “ the greatest market for tobacco in the United States, and the prin- cipal flour market in the world." Its coast- wise trade is also very extensive, and the shipping of Baltimore is found in every port from Passamaquoddy Bay to the Rio Grande ; the lumber of Maine and the cotton and sugar of the Gulf states are brought here in vast quantities, as are also the various manufactures and merchandises of the intermediate Atlantic ports ; in 1850, 25.000 bales cotton were landed from southern ports, and 63 million feet of lum- ber from Bangor and other ports of Maine. The shipping owned in the collection district, of which Baltimore is the port, amounted on the 1st of June, 1850, to 140,019 tons, of which was registered 90,670 tons; enrolled and licensed 57,612 tons, and licensed under 20 tons 737 tons; and of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, 13,115 tons navigated by steam power. In 1849-50, sixty-six vessels, of an aggregate burden of 11,6S3 tons, were built in the port district. The Baltimore clippers are pronounced to be the perfection of naval architecture, and they are no less fitted for trade than for privateering, in which ca- pacity they made a great figure in the last war with England. Boston, New- York and New-Orleans are the only sea-board ports of the Union, the foreign commerce of which exceeds that of Baltimore. In 1849-50, the en- trances amounted to 438 vessels and 99,588 tons, and the clearances to 521 vessels and 126,819 tons ; and the value of merchandise imported was $6,124,201, and of that ex- ported $6,967,353. The great bulk of the foreign commerce of Baltimore is carried 188 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JOHN T. HENHA1AN, MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN EVERY VARIETY OF *'9 TD The special attention of retailers is directed to KTo. X©5 Lexington Street, SECOND DOOR FROM PACA, OPPOSITE THE MARKET. Constantly receiving CHEWING- TOBACCO from the best factories in Virginia. EDWARD T. ELLICOTT. JAMES E. IIE WES. B li T X 3VE O 3FBL DE3 BUTTER jA. Gr JES 3XT O IT . ELLICOTT^&^lSwES, GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS, A.ND DEALERS IIST eg? ty/ Wv i-SiL' 59 Exchange Place, opposite Post Office. JNO. E. & GEO. M. McCOMAS, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN in ran /a. p s\ B5 EO Q3S BT0 1 BJi3 EE5 ‘JSff 9 H "9 ESS S3! ElS S® WHOLESALE uAISTID RETAIL, No. 20 N. Howard St. Where will be always found a complete assortment of BUILDING MATERIAL, f ram-Iutping Materials, Cutltrj, PLATED GOODS, GUNS, PISTOLS, &c. w' At the lowest prices. Also for sale, PATENT RIGHTS FOR A Self-setting ©piinql iNp, The most successful ever invented for catching Rats, Minks, Foxes, &c., &c. B AL B AL on with the states of South America and the West India colonies, and the continent of Europe. With the British ports in Europe, the connection is very limited. There are ten banks in Baltimore, with an aggregate capital of $7,101,051. The circulation in 1850 amounted to $2,073,578, discounts to $10,925,106, and deposits to $3,648,819, and the amount of specie on hand to $2,113,758. There are also a num- ber of insurance companies and savings’ institutions. The public press of the city consists of six daily, four tri-weekly and ten weekly newspapers ; and one semi-monthly and two monthly papers ; and of these six are devoted to religious topics, one to agricul- ture, one to music, and one to the coloniza- tion interest. The others, chiefly daily and tri-weekly papers, are devoted to politics and general news. The Baltimore Sun cir- culates 30,000 copies daily, and of the weekly issue 18,000 copies ; the circulation of none of the others exceeds 8.000. The total value of real and personal es- tate in the city in 1850, was $80,237,960, and the total taxation $617,994, viz. : — state tax, $168,000; county tax, $20,667; school tax, $33,618; poor tax, $13,597 ; road tax, $603 ; and taxes on account of city government, $381,509. There are four colleges, 67 academies, &c., and 71 primary and public schools in the city. The primary and public schools had in 1850, 158 teachers and 8,892 scholars, and cost for support $64,0G1 ; the acade- mies had 215 teachers, and 4,507 pupils, at a cost amounting to $87,431; and the col- leges 33 professors and 537 students, cost- ing $56,875. The support of colleges and academies is derived solely from charges to individual pupils ; but the public schools are free to the poor, and are partially supported from the public treasury. The University, founded in 1812 ; St. Mary’s College, found- ed in 1799 ; and Washington Medical Col- lege, founded in 1827, are the principal col- legiate establishments. The Mercantile Li- brary Association and the Maryland His- torical Society are also valuable literary institutions. The number of white adults unable to read and write was, in 1850, 5,537, of which 3,844 were females. The free colored in the same category numbered 8,232. The city contains 6 Baptist churches, 10 Episcopal, 3 Friends, 3 German Reformed, 8 Lutheran, 42 Methodist, 11 Presbyterian, 8 Roman Catholic, and 8 other churches; in all 99 churches, capable of accommoda- ting 81,455 persons. The value of property belonging to all the churches in 1850, was $2,420,200. The Roman Catholic cathedral alone has property valued at $495,000. Baltimore is pleasantly situated, on a slightly undulating ground, and some of the elevations in the vicinity command fine prospects. As laid out, it includes four miles square, and is built around the bay. The streets are regular and spacious, and the houses are neat, most of them brick, and some exhibiting beautiful architectural com- binations. The harbor is capacious and safe, and consists of an inner basin, into which vessels of considerable burden can enter, and an outer harbor at Fell’s Point accessible to the largest merchant ships. The entrance is commanded and defended by Fort M ‘Henry, the strength of which was proved when at- tacked by the British in the war of 1812. The entrance to the outer harbor is about 600 feet wide, and the depth in the channel 22 feet. Jones’s Falls, a small stream from the n., divides the city into two parts, and over it are erected several handsome stone and wooden bridges. The harbor is seldom obstructed by ice. The principal public buildings are more distinguished for their solidity and capacious dimensions than for their architectural gran- deur. The City Hall, on Holiday-street, is a plain building, three stories high, having a portico of four massive pillars, and is occu- pied by the city council and several public offices. The Court House, corner of Monu- ment-square and Lexington-street, is a large and commanding building, and is appropri- ated to the city and county courts with their connected offices. It is 145 feet long and 65 feet wide, two stories high, and con- structed of marble and brick. In front are several Tuscan columns, and the whole is surmounted by a cupola of imposing appear- ance. There are eight market houses. The State Penitentiary consists of three large buildings, besides workshops and other structures and offices, and occupies four acres, surrounded by a stone wall 20 feet high, which incloses fine gardens. The prisoners work in company during the day, and at night are confined in separate cells. The County Prison, near the Penitentiary, is a neat building, with embattled towers at the end, and is surrounded by a cupola ; and there is also a House of Refuge. The Exchange is a large and handsome edifice, 366 feet long by 140 feet wide; and the Roman Catholic cathedral is perhaps, with- out exception, the finest church in the Union, and excepting the cathedral in the city of Mexico, the finest in North America. It contains some good paintings. Baltimore has been styled the “ Monu- 190 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. PHILIP P. SADTLER & SONS, Ifo. 212 Solfiloore Street, 6ettoeeo Carles grjd St. 2w\, Have constantly tor sale an assortment of SPECTACLES, MATHEMATICAL and OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, THERMOMETERS, SPY GLASSES, ete. Specta- cles and Thermometers repaired. New Glasses, also pebbles, fitted to Spectacle frames. Their Spectacles will always be furnished with Glasses of the best quality, and particular attention will be given as to the focus best adapted to the sight of the wearer, as great injury often results from an injudicious selection of Glasses, or from the use of those of an inferior quality. Gold, Silver and Steel Spectacles by the doz- en, well assorted. They also import and manufacture FINE WATCHES. JEWEL- RY, SILVER AND PLATED WARE. Watches repaired with care by experienced workmen. CALEB W. GREENFIELD, 236 Lexington Street, 5 doors West of Green, A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF AND HOUSE KEEPING ARTICLES, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. PLEASE CALL A3STD SEE. TTOSTOM C&3 PRICE, FASHIONABLE HAT, CAP AND LADIES’ FANCY FUR MANUFACTURERS, TSTo. ISO Baltimore Street. All articles in our line constantly on hand, manufactured and imported. Terms reasonaide^ BAL BAL mental City.” Its monuments, indeed, are its greatest ornaments and the source of much patriotic pride to the citizens. Wash- ington monument is the most imposing of these; its base is 50 feet square and. 20 feet high, on which is a pedestal supporting a Doric column of white marble 1G0 feet high and surmounted by a colossal statue of the “ Father of his Couutry.” This column has a diameter of 20 feet at the bottom and 14- feet at the top, and is ascended by an inside circu- lar staircase. The Batile monument, erected in memory of the successful defence of the city when attacked by the British in Sep- tember, 1814, is an elegant marble obelisk 52 feet high, on which are inscribed the names of those who fell in that gallant af- fair, and surmounted by a fine statue emble- matical of the city of Baltimore. The buildings devoted to collegiate and academic purposes, to public instruction and to science, are also worthy of attention. The city is bountifully supplied with pure and wholesome water from public springs and fountains. These are inclosed by cir- cular railings, and covered by small open templets, consisting of columns supporting a dome, which are highly ornamental. The city, however, derives its great supply from an elevated part of Jones’ Falls, from which the water is conducted through an aque- duct to a reservoir on Calverfc-street, whence it is distributed in pipes. The lines of travel diverging from Balti- more arc — the Balt, and Philadelphia It. R., 97 m. long; the Balt, and Susquehanna R. R., extending to Harrisburg, Pa. ; and the Balt, and Ohio R. R., with a Branch R. R. to Washington : and lines of steamships or sail vessels ply to Philadelphia, Norfolk and other Atlantic ports. These great routes of communication unite the city with every part of the Union, aucl insure a rapid and certain transit to its ever increasing trade. BALTIMORE COUNTY, the most important civil division of the state in reference to all material and social interests, is bounded on the s. by Chesapeake Bay and Patapsco r. ; on the w. by the n. branch of the latter river and Carroll co. ; on the n. by the state line, and on the e. by Hartford co. and Little Gunpowder Falls. Within these limits the area is 403,840 acres. With a surface generally varied and uneven, but with no portion incapable of agricultural improvement, this county is equal to the best portions of the state for all industrial employments. The rivers and falls which traverse its interior afford immense water power, and are the sites of milling operations more ex tensive than is found in any other portion of the Union. The banks of the Patapsco r., G whin’s, Jones’, and Great Gunpowder Falls and their tributaries, are literally alive with the din of in- dustry, and have long been the seats of a vast and flourishing trade. The soils are usually thin and rocky, yet fertile, and well adapted to the production of grain and grasses. An excellent wheat soil has been produced in some parts of the county by de- composition of hornblende rocks, forming what are called “ red lands.” The climate ia mild and more constant than further south. Oak, hickory, chestnut, fir, maple, dogwood, cedar, ash, locust and pine are the chief varieties of timber. Fruit trees are also abun- dant, and in many parts their improvement has been cared for ; and in its variety and abundance of esculent vegetables the county is pre-eminently conspicuous. The mineral productions of Baltimore are also important : it has several varieties of building stone, and in the vicinity of Baltimore gneiss is most abundant, and is that generally used in that city. Granite, hornblende, quartz rock, limestone, serpentine and soapstone are the kinds of rock which most frequently occur. The latter is extensively used for furnace linings, &c., being the best non-conductor of heat known to the arts. Iron and copper ores and several species of chrome are abundant, and have been extensively manufactured. There are also found in the county large banks of red and yellow ochre and of magnesia ; and clay suitable for making bricks exists in abundance. Mineral springs are of frequent occurrence, chiefly chalybeate, but sometimes calcareous. This county was settled by English immigrants, and was named after the proprietary and founder of Maryland. It was organized in 1659. The first inhabitants were of the same class as the original colonists of St. Mary’s ; but Baltimore and the neighborhood, on account of its fine commercial position and other advantages, attracted to itself at an early period a varied population — emigrants from almost every state of Europe, and with them was introduced the multiplicity of industrial employments which so distinguish it at the present day. In 1790, its population amounted to 38,937 ; in 1820, it had increased to 96,201 ; in 1830, to 120,876; in 1840, to 134,379, and in 1850 it was 210,646, of which 174,853 were white persons, 29,075 free colored persons, and 6,718 slaves; and of the aggregate, exclusive of slaves, 142,841 were natives of Maryland, and 19,169 natives of other parts of the Union, and 41,718 were foreigners, viz: 22,224 of German origin, 14,558 from Ireland, and 3,378 from Great Britain ; but of this class it may here be stated 192 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. S. J . SHARP & CO. Commission Merchants, No, 2 Hanover Street, AGENTS FOR JOHN E. WILDER’S FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF mm i&m Please Read the following Baltimore, May 28, 1855. John E. Wilder, Esq., Boston, Mass — We liad the pleasure of seeing one of your Safes, which was taken from the ruins of Messrs. Dailey, Massie &. Maupine’s Store, u hich was destroyed by lire on the night of the 26th inst., and we are happy to bear testimony, that this Safe, alter being exposed to the fire for thirteen hours, < ig'~t hours of which the heat was most intense, it was unlocked, and the Books, BanK Notes, and val- uable documents were preserved in a perfect state. We considered this test, which was most severe, suf- ficient to satisfy the most scrupulous, and have no hesitancy in recommending your Safes to the public as perfectly reliable. Very respectfully, vours, J. R. WHITE, of the firm of Hiser & White. N. W. PAYNTER, of the firm of Pegram, Paynter & Davis. THUS. [J. HOOPER, Reporter Baltimore American. C. D. SLINGLUFF, of the firm of C. D. Slingluff & Son. DAILEY, MASSIE & MAUPINE. Letters from Reliable Men. Great Fire on North Paca Street , Baltimore, on the night of the 4th of July, 1855. F. Roloson Co's Pack- ing Establishment destroyed. Baltimore, July 21st, 1855. John E. Wilder, Esq., Boston. — Sir: We have been so busy since the fire which destroyed our warehouses on the nisrhtofthe 4th inst.. we have not been able to give you the particulars with regard to the preservation of our books, valuable documents, Bank notes, &c. in two of your Sates. Our houses were filled with bacon, and the cellars contained lard, which made one of the hottest fires that has been in this city for many years. We had full confidence in your Safes, and was not dis- appointed. Our books and all the contents of the Safes were saved perfect, as reported in the different news- pap* rs of this city of the 6th inst., alter being exposed to the flames for sixteen hours. Very respectfully, yours, FRED. ROLOSON & CO. WEST OASTLBTON MOfciBM MB SLATE: BQMP&BVe MANUFACTURERS OF Clrtmiws Dims, fitr Slabs, ®ablt anb §unaa: ®irys, M!op Eoard© Bracliet JS 03 lgX'* 7 -o®, In fact, the entire finish of halls and dining rooms, and any other articles for which Marble is used. THE WEST CASTLETON MARBLE is a beautiful article, manufactured from Slate stone, from the Com- pany’s own Quarries at West Castleton, Vermont, and is enameled in imitation of the riehest and most ex- pensive Lisbon, Porphyry, Pyrennes, Egyptian, Brocatella, Verd Antique, Agate, Spanish, Galway, Black, and all other rare and desirable marbles. The imitations are so perfect that they challenge the closest scrutiny. In style and finish they stand unrivaled. They are so highly polished that they retain their beauty much lon- ger than Marble, and are not injured by smoke, coal-gas or acids; they have six times the strength of Marble, and their appearance is much superior. They are sold cheaper than any thing of the kind in the Market : in- deed the confidence with which they have thus far been received, gives the fairest evidence that this Marble will, by its many advantages, supersede all others. Prices of Pier Slabs and Table Tops, Plain Edges, $1 .12)£ per foot; Serpentine and O G do., $1 25 per foot, of Egyptian, Brocatella, or any other colors that may be desired. A liberal deduction made to the Trade. AGENTS FOR THE STATE OF MARYLAND : J. SHARP GO. 1ST 0_ S HANOVER STREET. The above Company also manufacture Billiard Table Beds, which, for strength, solidity and smoothness, can- not be surpassed, and will not warp. Black Boards for Schools, of all dimensions. Butter, Meat, Washing and Bathing Tubs, Sinks, Shelves for Closets and Refrigerators, and Table Tops for Kitchens. All the above arti- cles are superior to any others, on account] of their cleanliness, being proof against Grease or Oils. Regis- ter Frames, Hearths, Grave Covers, Shelving for Tombs, Tomb doors, Grave Stones, Plain and]Catved Cemeiery Fences of the mostapproved Patterns, Window Caps and Sills, Garden Bordering, Flagging, Currier’s Stones, Printer’s Slabs, and Slabs of any size not over 5 feet by 12 feet, of any thickness, &c. The durability and strength of the above articles recommend them beyond any thing else that has ever been used. They are finished in the best manner, and all orders executed promptly. NEWELL STUETEVANT, President, Boston. ALBERT STURTEVANT, Superintendent at the Quarry, West Castleton, Vt. B AL BAL that 35,617 were domiciled in the city of Baltimore, leaving only 6,301 foreigners in the rural districts. The population, as above accounted-for, was distributed in 34,925 families, and occupied 30,065 dwellings. Deaf and dumb, 71 ; blind, 89 ; insane, 297 ; and idiotic, 76. Marriages in 1849-50, 1,826; births, 6,365; and deaths, 4,247. Slaves — manumit- ted, 33, and fugitive, 54. The number of farms in 1850 is stated at 1,655, covering 173,106 acres improved land, and 119,551 acres unimproved land; and the cash value of these was $10,242,218. Va- lue of farming implements, and machinery, $316,013. The live stock within the county consisted of 5,962 horses, 418 asses and mules, 9,024 milch cows, 741 working oxen, 3,211 other cattle, 9,922 sheep, and 21,677 swine, valued at $655,743. The principal agri- cultural products of the year, ending 1st June, 1850, were — Article. Quantity. Wheat, . . . .bushels 234,187 Rye, “ 15,236 Indian corn, “ 755,224 Oats “ 280,288 Barley, “ 205 Buckwheat,. “ 12,299 Peas and beans, “ 825 Irish potatoes, “ 141,119 Article. Quantity. Tobacco, pounds.. 20 Hay, tons 21,810 Cloverseed, — bushels.. 573 Other grass seed, “ .. 200 Wine,.... gallons .. 56 Wool, pounds.. 19,745 Butter, “ ..355,700 Cheese, “ .. 10 Article. Value. Products of orchards $8,045 “ market gar- dens 115,590 Home made goods 10 Value of animals slaugh- tered 108,808 The most valuable portion of the manufactures of the county belong to the city of Bal- timore, and are described under their appropriate head. The number of industrial estab- lishments, exclusive of those of the city, was, in 1850, 134, and the capital invested amounted to $3,387,410 ; value of raw material, fuel, &c., used in the previous year, $2,791,319; average number of hands employed — males, 1,926, and females, 1,451; aver- age amount of monthly wages — to males, $36,249, and to females, $14,764; value of pro- ducts for the year, $4,123,503. The most extensive establishments are those manufactur- ing cotton, flour, and iron ; but there are others of scarcely less importance. Manufac- No. of Estab- Capital in- tures. lishments. vested. Cotton goods .$1,713,000. Woolen goods . 134,200. Paper . ' 69,400. Leather-tanneries . . . . 75,000. Iron mines 13 26,700. “ furnaces 2 . 350,000. u forges 1 . 21,000. “ nail mills 105,000. Copper mines 1 1,000. “ refining 45,000, Flour mills 20 . 500,500. Grist “ 20 56,500. Distillers 91,500. Value of raw —Hands employed.—, Value of material. Males. Females. products. $853,461.... ...617... ...1,317 ..$1,258,512 105,000.... ... 76... ... 73 ,. 159,900 80,501 ... 69... ... 43 .. 152,740 52,445 . .. 35... 77,700 ...179... — .. 133,000 163,053.... ...165... ■ — - 145,000 13,420 ... 16... 20,700 56,700.... ...140... 140,000 ... 23... 5,375 105,400.’.., ... 15... 115,500 1,085,272..., ... 70... .. 1,340,426 77,800... ... 25... 95,150 133,481..., ... 30... — .. 157,700 And in addition to those enumerated, there are 2 agricultural implement factories, em- ploying 10 hands; 7 blacksmitheries, with 21 hands; 7 brickfields, with 307 hands; 1 chandlery, with 50 hands; 1 machine shop, with 30 hands; 2 powder mills, with 9 hands ; 2 bark mills, with 7 hands ; 3 wheelwright shops, with 6 hands, &c. The prin- cipal moving power employed is water — steam is used in the cotton factories, iron fur- naces, and in some few other establishments. The average monthly wages of a farm hand with board, is $8, and the wages of a day laborer 50 cents with board and 75 cents without. Carpenters’ wages average, without board, $1 12 a day; and female domestics receive an average of $1 per week with board. The price of board to laboring men is about $2 a week. The value of real and personal estate in the county was, in 1850, $13,546,132; and the amount of all taxes $70,880, or about 5 mills on each $100— state tax $32,605, county tax $32,605, and school tax $5,670. There were in the county in 1850, 62 primary and public schools, with 62 teachers, and 1,908 scholars: total cost of support $17,431, of which $5,670 was raised by tax, and $3,800 was received from public funds, the remainder from other sources. At the same time there were 9 academies and other schools, with 13 teachers and 205 pupils : cost of support $15,500, of which was from endowment funds $3,000, and from other sources $12,500. The aggregate number of children attending school in the year 1849-50 was 25 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 194 STEAM The undersigned would most respectfully call the attention of the Trade to his stock of Hard and Soft Wood Chairs. Haying increased his facilities for the man- ufacture of all kinds of Halraii, ©at, iUaplt, Cjjcrrg anb ^aplar Cjrairs, Of the latest styles and of the best material, can sell them at prices to suit the times. Keeps constantly on hand, BED POSTS, TABLE LEGS, STAND LEGS, mim mmm; mm oraa ships. Chair Stuff, Chair Seats, Caned Rocking Chair Seats and Backs. NURSE CHAIRS, OFFICE CHAIRS, DICING ROOM CHAIRS, O£i.:o.e efcs Wood Seat In fact, every thing appertaining to the Chair Business. TURNING of all kinds done to order. SCHOLL SAWING- of all kinds executed in the best manner. Healers out of the City will find it very much to their advantage to give me a call before purchasing elsewhere. BARTON J. SPARKLIN, No. 10 East Falls Avenue. J&3T We would call the special attention of Healers to Mr. Sparklin’s facilities for manufacturing Chairs. The advantages of purchasing from first hands are well known to merchants. Therefore, we would just advise them to call and examine for themselves before purchasing elsewhere. — Editor. CEC CEC undulating, but in some parts broken and hilly. The soil is light and loamy, with a red- dish clay subsoil. There are some few tracts of what is called “while-oak soil,” and some barren hills of gravel. Granite, gneiss, mica and slate occur in the upper part of the county. At Port Deposit, there are immense and valuable granite quart ics; soap- stone is i’ound in several parts along the line of the Susquehanna river; iron ores, chromes, &c.. abound on the northern line; and large deposits of mineral found here are washed and made into Epsom Salts and Magnesia; marl is abundant, especially on Bohemia r., and is used as a fertilizer. The natural growths of the county comprise white and black oak, chestnut, pine, and hickory. This county was organized in 1674. The first settlers were Srvcdes, from Delaware Bay, who arrived here in J.G40. The population, in 1790, was 13,625; in 1S20, it had increased to 16,048; in 1S30, it was only 15.432; hut in 1840, it had again increased to 17,230; and in 1850, it was 18,939 : namely, 15,472 white persons; 2,023 free colored persons, and 844 slaves; and of the population, slaves excluded, 14,358 were natives of Maryland 2,949 of other parts of the Union, and 788 of foreign states. Dwellings, 3,056, and families, 3,114. Births in 1849-50, 493 ; marriages, 53; and deaths, 227. "Deaf and dumb. 8 : blind, 8 ; insane, 10; and idiotic. 31. There were in the county on the 1st June, 1850, 1,208 farms, covering 1 15,866 acres im- proved lands, and 63,821 acres unimproved lands, together valued at $5,224,556 The value of farming implements and machinery was $107,184. Of the live stock, the following num- bers were ascertained: 3,254 horses, 80 asses and mules, 4, 184 milch cows, 1,522 work- ing oxen, 4,939 other cattle, 4,705 sheep, and 9,767 swine, valued in the aggregate at $377,135; and the products of animals were — wool. 17,373 pounds; butter, 279,078 pounds; cheese, 1.225 pounds : and the value of animals slaughtered, was $77,868. The quantity of beeswax and honey returned, was 1,113 pounds. The products of the soii were — wheat, 1GS,H2 bushels; rye, 232; Indian corn, 410,060; oats, 208.380; barley, 6 ; buckwheat, 5,G73 ; Irish potatoes, 45,812 ; and sweet potatoes, 427 bushels. The value of orchard products was $5,837, and of market-garden products, $125. Other products were — hay, 9,2SS tons; clover-seed. 2,777 bushels, other grass-seed, 200 bushels; hops, 39 pounds; dew-rotted hemp, 3 tons; flax, 155 pounds; flax-seed, 11 bushels ; and silk cocoons, 2 pounds. The value of home-made manufactures was $634. At the above date there were in the county 170 industrial establishments; capital in- vested in manufactures, $527,990 ; value of raw material, &c., consumed, $418,062 ; hands employed — 774 males, and 119 females; average monthly wages paid — males, $15,522; and females, $1,134. Value of products in 1849-50, $776,857. The principal branches were as follows : Establishments. No. Capital. Hands. Products. Agricul. irnpl ..17. .$7,150. ...46... ..$25,210 Blacksmiths .. 31. . 7.500. ...76... .. 31.900 Brick ...1. .20,000. Cabinetware , ... 5. . 6,600. ...12... .. 5-200 Earthenware o . 1.200. .. 2,800 Factories, cotton . 9 .48,000. ...97... .. 89,284 “ woolen 5. .31.500. ...45... .. 45,754 Establishment*. No. Capital. Hands. Products. Foundries 1 . - $1 ,800 2 $2,000 Furnaces 2... 68,000.. .204 81,000 Mills, flour 22.. 104, 600 35 121,000 “ grist 8. ..32, 400 15 57,548 “ paper 3. ..42, 500 16 42,000 “ rolling 3. ..111,000 70 86,000 Tanneries 2. ...10,000 7 8,850 And, besides the above, the census enumerates 3 bake-houses, 24 boot and shoe shops, 3 carpenters’ shops, 8 clothiers. 3 carriage factories, 1 edge tool factory, 1 bark mill, 1 clover mill, 4 saw mills, 7 millineries, 1 mill-wright shop, 4- saddleries, 4 stone quarries, and 2 tin sheps. W ater is used as the moving power in all cases, except in the iron foundries, in which steam power is employed. The average wages to a farm-hand, with board, is $10 a month; a day laborer 50 cents, with board, and 75 cents without; a carpenter, $1 a day ; and to a female domestic, with board, 75 cents a week. Average price of board to laboring men, $1 75 a week. The value of real and personal estate in 1850, was $5,191,099, (true valuation, $6,500,000;) and the amount of taxation assessed thereon, $38,386, of which $13,452 was state tax, and $25,334 county tax. The county, in 1849-50, supported, at an expense of $2,200, 48 paupers, of which 41 were receiving aid on the 1st of June of the latter year. Education is provided for in 51 primary and public schools, and in 4 academies and other schools. During the year ending 1st June, 1850, 2,555 scholars had been attend- ing school ; and at the date above named, there were in the primary and public schools 1,331 scholars, and in the academies, &c., 182 pupils. The expenses of the first were, for the year, $12,760, and of the latter, $2,372. There were, at the same date, 29 208 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. GERARD H. REESE. T. MOORE REESE. CHARLES REESE. EDWARD REESE. G. H. REESE & BROTHERS, TEA DEALERS AND GROCERS, 207 and 209 Pratt Street, a few doors above Hanover. C. C. SCHIEFEBBECKEB, M. D. I© SB ifti Ml Corner of Pratt and Eutaw streets. sxot:d.a.xljJLx. ' JIscAd cAd qAoiAd cAjcAd R JL^clo X JkJ Jb 'Jk. UkiA J TSF o . 115 HI1LEN STREET, NEAR BEL AIR MARKET. G. H. LEONARD & CO. 3VE^^TXJ^PA.CTTJKEPtS OF 3ME AHOGAKTT 3FL£D> £5 3Z1 XS7 - C2Q IO itorfeing Uglass Jframcs ani fftaMnga, PICTURE FRAMES, <& C . AND DEALERS IX Looking Glass Plates, Clocks, Furniture Knobs, &c. 70 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, GAULT & BROTHER, SUCCESSORS TO EMERY & GAULT, CONTINUE TO FURNISH, AT THE OLD STAND, No. 412 "W. Street, ALL ZKUXTIDS OIF Granite Work ANortli River Flagging, AT SHORT NOTICE AND REASONABLE PRICES. Our Quarries, near the Railroad, midway between Washington and Baltimore, produce the finest quality of Granite in the Country. CEC CHA libraries, with 9,336 volumes, in the county ; viz : 3 private, with 4,100 volumes ; and 26 Sunday School libraries, 'with 5,236 volumes. Two newspapers were published weekly at Elkton. The number of “ Adults that cannot read and write” was 157 whites and 696 free colored. There were 39 churches in the county, capable of accommodating 10,020 persons, and the value of church property was $92,900 ; the Episcopalians had 3 churches, with accommodation for 750; the Friends had 2 churches, for 600; *the Methodists 26 churches, for 7,370 ; the Presbyterians 5 churches, for 550 ; and the Homan Catholics 3 churches, for 750 persons. Elkton is the county seat of justice, and the following are the principal villages and post- offices : Blue Ball, Brick Meeting-House, Cecilton, Charlestown, Cherry Hill, Chesapeake City, College Green, Fair Hill, Northeast, Perryville, Port Deposit, Principio Furnace, Ris- ing Sun, Rock Springs, Rowlandsville, South Milford, Warwick, Wood Lawn and Zion. Cecilton, p. v., Cecil co. Situate 3 m. N. of Sassafras r., 14 m. s. of Elkton, and 78 m. n. e. of Annapolis. Cedar Point, St. Mary’s co. A point of land at the mouth of Patuxent r., jutting towards Chesapeake Bay. Centreville, co. seat and p. o., Queen Anne co. Situate at the head of Corsica cr., 9 m. from Chester r., 39 e. by n. of Annapolis, and 79 e. by n. of Washington. It is pleasantly situated, in a fertile tract of country, and contains a court-house, county prison, an academy, Methodist church, and several handsome buildings. Pop. 200. Chapman Town, v., Charles co. Situate one mile w. of Allen’s Fresh and Zachiah Swamp, and 8 m. e. of Port Tobacco. Chaptico, p. v., St. Mary’s co. Situate on the s. side of Chaptico cr., 3 m. from Wicomico r., 8 m. w. of Leonardtown, and 75 s. of Annapolis. Chaptico cr. is naviga- ble for sloops to the village. CHARLES COUNTY occupies a large tract of 294,400 acres between the Patuxent and Potomac rivers, with Prince George county on the north, and St. Mary’s on the south-east Its surface is similar in character to the whole shore region of Maryland, low and sandy, with scarcely a rock in its whole extent. The soil is naturally indifferent, and has been much exhausted by neglectful culture, but the farmers are at the present time using means to restore and improve it. It is well drained by a number of streams, flow- ing to the rivers, which inclose it on two sides, and large inlets indent its southern coast. This is entirely an agricultural county, and much of its industry is devoted to tobacco- growing, but, perhaps, even a surplus of grain is also produced. The lands are essentially proper for the weed , and its climate being warm and moist, is congenial. In respect of commerce^ it has many facilities in its navigable waters and good harbors. Port Tobacco, however, is its chief outlet, and here is a great tobacco market. The natural timbers of the county are — locust, oak, cedar, ash, and persimmon, and its fruit trees are various and abundant. The first settlements were made within the limits of this county in 1640, by emigrants from St. Mary’s, where the original pilgrims formed the nucleus of the colony. The county was organized in 1658. It has never had a large population. In 1790, it con- tained 20,613 inhabitants ; in 1820, it was found to have decreased its numbers /to 16,500; in 1830, its population amounted to 17,666; in 1840, to 16,023 ; and in 1850, to 16.162, of which 5,665 were white persons, 913 free colored persons, and 9,584 slaves; and of the population, exclusive of slaves, 6,463 were born in Maryland, 87 in other states of the Union, ard 28 io foreign countries — a most domestic community, untilled by the guano of foreign exavium. Dwellings, 1,335 ; and families, 1,335. Deaf and dumb, 3; blind, 5; insane, 6; and idiotic, 7. Slaves — manumitted during the year 2, and fugitive 6. There were in 1850, 709 farms in the county, covering 126,232 acres improved lands, and 115,120 acres unimproved lands, valued together at $2,472,279. The value of agri- cultural implements was $57,785. The amount of live stock owned was- -horses, 2,698 , asses and mules, 744 : milch cows, 2,895 ; working oxen, 2,988 ; other cattle, 5,899 ; sheep, 10,116; and swine, 1,615; and the value of all, collectively, was $293,266. The products of the soil for the year ending 1st June, 1850, were — wheat, 149,533 bushels ; rye, 4,309 ; Indian corn, 458,348 ; oats, 25,684 ; barley, 50, and buckwheat, 13 bushels • peas and beans’, 868 bushels; Irish potatoes, 11,752, and sweet potatoes, 3,631 bushels; tobacco, 2,862,300 pounds ; hay, 235 tons ; clover-seed, 5 bushels, &c., &c. The value of orchard products was $591, and of market-garden products, $1,202. The products of animals were — wool, 20,928 pounds, and butter, 42,315 pounds; and the value of ani- 27 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 2J0 JAMES POY, 3>TO. 0 LIGHT STREET, TWO DOORS BELOW THE FOUNTAIN HOTEL, % trunks, VALISES, &o. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Steel Spring Sole Leather Trunks, Fine Saddles and Harness, expressly for City trade, always on hand, or made to order, at the lowest prices. L. ELMER, Silversmith. E. SIPES, Practical Watchmaker. ELL FOR confluence with Chesapeake Bay at Turkey Point. The Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore It. It. passes the town a little to the north. The place is well built, and the public buildings are a court-house and the county prison. Ellengowan, p. o., Baltimore co. Elltcott’s Mills, p. v., Howard co. Situ- ate on Patapsco r., 12 m. w. of Baltimore, and 40 n. w. of Annapolis. The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. passes through the place. The whole vicinity is one scene of produc- tive industry, and here is the greatest centre of flouring mills in the Union. In 1S50 the population amounted to 1,059, of which number 19G were free colored persons. The “Howard Gazette,” a -weekly news- paper, is published here. Much grand scenery is found within a circuit of 10 miles. Elysvjlle, p. v., Howard co. Si tuate on Patapsco r. and on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 20 in. w. of Baltimore city ; it contains 1 cotton factory, 1 oakum factory, 1 store, 1 church, 1 school, and 106 in- habitants. The houses are in general built of stone or brick. The vicinity is thickly settled, and in a highly flourishing condi- tion, both in respect of its industrial and agricultural interests. The lands are gen- erally fertile, and afford considerable quan- tities of produce for market. Emmettsburg, p. v., Frederick co. Situ- ate on the w. side of Flat Run, a tributary of Tom’s cr., and extending back almost to that stream. Distant 22 m. n. of Frederick city, and SO n. w. of Annapolis. A literary journal, the “ Emmettsburg Star,” is pub- lished here : and there are a number of re- ligious and literary institutions belonging to the Roman Catholics in the vicinity. In 1850 the population of the town was 756 white persons and 56 free colored persons — total 812. Evitt’s Creek, Alleghany co. Rises in Pennsylvania, and flows south between Wells’ and Evitt’s Mountains into the Po- tomac, which river it joins about 4 m. e. of Cumberland. Fair Haven, v., Calvert co. Situate -ott the s. w. side of Herring Bay, 20 m. n. of Prince Frederick Town. Fair Hill, p. v., Cecil co. Situate on w. side of Big Elk Run, 10 m. n. of Elkton, and 90 n. e. of Annapolis. Fair Play, v., Washington co. Situate on the w. side of Antietam cr., 10 m. s. of Hagerstown. Fair View, p. v., Washington co. Fallston, p. v., Harford co. Distant 8 m. from Bel- Air, and 88 m. of Annapolis. Farmington, v., Cecil co. Situate 1 m. w. of the west branch of North-East, r., 14 m. w. n. w. of Elkton, and 82 n. e. of An- napolis. Federalseurg, p. v., Caroline co. Situ- ate on the e. side of Marshy Hope cr., near the county line, 24- m. n. e. of Cambridge, and 65 e. s. e. of Annapolis. Fenwick’s Island, partly in Delaware and partly in Maryland, is a long narrow beach island lying between the Atlantic Ocean and Sinepuxent Bay. In its more southern portion it is called “Assateague Islaud.” Fifteen Mile Creek, Alleghany co. Rises in Pennsylvania, and after breaking through the gorges of Town Hill, reaches the Potomac 4 m. w. of Washington co. line. Rock Lick, a stream draining the valley be- tween Green Mountain and Town Hill, i3 its principal affluent. Finksburg, p. v., Carroll co. Situate on the w. side of Cranberry Run or North Branch of Patapsco River, 6 m. s. e. of Westminster, and 51 n. w. of Annapolis. Fishing Bay, Dorchester co. A large bay at the s. end of the county, into which Nanticoke r. and other streams empty themselves. It is entered between Bishop’s Head and Nanticoke Point, and about its centre is Clay Island, on which is a light- house, about 5 m. long from e. to w., and 4 m. deep from n. to s. It covers about 20 square miles. Fishing Creek, Frederick co. A tribu- tary of Monocacy r., from Catoctin Moun- tain. Several flourishing villages are loca- ted on its banks. Flintstone Creek, Alleghany co. A large stream, from Pennsylvania, flowing s. to Town cr. and Potomac r. Flintstone, v., Alleghany co. Situate on the Hancock turnpike, where it crosses Flintstone cr., 10 m. e. of Cumberland, 156 n. w. of Annapolis. Fork Meeting -House, p. o., Baltimore co. Situate on the s. side of Great Falls of Gun- powder r., 18 m. n. e. of Baltimore, and 46 n. n. e. of Annapolis. Fork Town, p. v., Somerset co. Situate on the e. line of the county, 10 m. e. n. e. of Princess Anne, and 99 s. s. e. of An- napolis. Fort Frederick, Washington co. Situ- ate on the n. side of Potomac r., and on the lines of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal and the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 14 m. w. of Hagerstown. Fort Hill, Alleghany co. A high ridge on the n. w. bank of Potomac r., 15 m. s. w. of Cumberland. Fort Washington, p. o., Prince George co. Situate on the extreme w. point of the 224 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. G. S. GRIFFITH. G. S. GRIFFITH & BROTHER, 212SI)oIesaIe anti Betail Sealers in jfom'gtt atth Somtstic A. G. GRIFFITH. <^r> n® hm A>> -> >j. * «-> > > i M ATTIl^OS, cfcJO. 3STO- ‘77’ BALTIMORE STREET, BETWEEN GAY STREET AND TRIPOLETT’s ALLEY. THOMAS E. MEG-HAW, (SUCCESSOR TO WM RAMSAY,) iimi lAiifimni, No. 11 NORTH HOWARD STREET, Has constantly on hand as good an assortment of Brushes, of every variety, as can be found in the City, or elsewhere, wholesale or retail, ©if aass&afrsfaaai, Cotton (0>in JBrcsscr, ifnlling anb oilier Brushes for .factors use, If not on hand, made to order at the shortest notice, at his Manufactory, and WARRANTED OF THE FIRST QUALITY. Also, Sole Manufacturer of STANLEY S IMPROVED PAINT AND VARNISH BRUSHES. ROBERT LAWSON, SADDLE, TRUNK, HARNESS AND COLLAR jRJnnnfartortr, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 294 Balt. St, cor. Sharp, I have removed from my old stand on Liberty street, to the large four story building, No. 294 Baltimore street, corner of Sharp, ‘where I am prepared to furnish all goods in my line at the lowest possible rates. J^**Country merchants are requested to call and examine my stock and prices, as I pledge myself to duplicate any bill made in any of the Eastern or Nothern cities. PATENTEE OF THE Double Ice Pitcher, in which ice lasts three times as long as in common pitchers. & ** Manufactured and Sold by j JAMES H. STIMPSGN, 370 W. Baltimore Street, FIRST STORE WEST OF THE EUTAW HOUSE. iflrrtrn lilntr flitting ntitjjt ^rratsrs. Chemical Works S. Side of the Harbor. PATENTEE OF THE Improved Butter Cooler, in which Butter is har- d e n e d without contact with ice. FOX FEE I peninsula formed between Swan cr. and | Piscataway r., of 4lie Potomac r., 21 m. s. w. of Upper Marlboro’, 40 s. w. of Annapo- lis, and 15 s. of Washington, D. C. Fox’s Gap, Washington co. A pass of | South Mountain, 14 m. s. e. of Hagers- ! town. Franklin, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate on the n. side of Dead Run of Gwinn’s Falls, and on the post-road 4 m. w. of Bal- timore city, 32 m. n. of Annapolis. Franklinville, v., Alleghany co. Situ- ate on the Balt. & Ohio R. R., 2,000 feet above tide-water of Potomac r., 36 m. s. w. of Cumberland, and 202 w. n. w. of Annapolis. Franklinville, p. v., Carroll co. Franklin ville, v., Frederick co. Situ- ate at the w. base of Parr’s Ridge, 16 m. e. of Frederick city. Frederick, v., Cecil co. Situate on the n. side of Sassafras r., 12 m. from its con- fluence with Chesapeake Bay, and 17 m. s. | in a direct line from Elkton. Frederick, city, co. seat and p. o. Situ- , ate on Carroll’s cr., a branch of Monocacy ; r., 3 m. w. from the latter: 75 m. n. w. of Annapolis, and 43 n. n. w. of Washington. The valley of Monocacy r. is equally re- markable for its beauty of position, its rich agricultural resources, and its mineral j wealth. Frederick is the depot of this rich district, and is, in point of wealth and elegance, the second city of Maryland. It is regularly laid out, with wide streets, crossing each other at right angles, and contains a court-house, which is a substan- tial and neat building ; the county -jail, and the other usual public offices; a number of church edifices, some of them spacious, and of fine architecture ; two banks ; several literary and scientific institutions, and about 1,000 dwellings, mostly of brick or stone. St. John’s College, and several of the Catholic institutions are located in Fred- erick. In 1850 the population amounted to 6,028 — white persons, 4,786; free colored persons, 822, and slaves, 420 ; and in this respect it is the third place of importance in the state. Baltimore and Cumberland only having larger numbers of inhabitants. Five newspapers — 3 whig, 1 democratic, and 1 literary, are published here every week, and have respectable circulations. Numerous manufactures are carried on, and a large wholesale and retail business. A branch from the Balt, and Ohio R. R., three miles in length, connects the city with that great route of travel and transportation. Lat. 39° 24' n., and long. 77° 18' w. of Greenwich, or 0° 16' 30" w. of Washing- ton. FREDERICK COUNTY, one of the most wealthy and populous in the state, lies be- tween Montgomery county and the north state line, and between Carroll county on the e., and Washington county on the w. It contains an area of 358,400 acres. Drained by the Monocacy river and Catoctin creek, affluents of Potomac river, and having a soil varied in quality, in some parts formed of decomposed slate, in others of red shales, and m others of limestone, its agricultural capacities are excellent, and as a grain or grazing region it has few superior or more practicable competitors. The soil, generally, is easily worked, and is very productive of wheat and corn. The surface in the main is only un- dulating, but in its western portion South Mountain and its offshoots render it some- 1 what hilly and broken. The water is generally good, but in some parts impregnated with lime. A heavy growth of oak, hickory, walnut, chestnut, locust, ash and poplar, is found in the forests. The geology of the county belongs to the primary era. Lime- stone, sandstone, quartz rock, shales, blue slate and dolomite, constitute the prevailing rocks. The limestone is of a very superior character, and there is a good marble quarry in the county. The stone is of a snowy whiteness, of a fine texture, and suscep- tible of a polish nearly as beautiful as that of the best Italian marble. Copper, iron and manganese ores and barytes abound. The copper mines have been worked with great advantage, and from Liberty mines large quantities have been obtained. Many of the mines, however, have been abandoned, owing, it is said, to an insufficient encouragement, lhe county is free from miasms, and considered unusually healthy. Frederick county was originally settled by Germans and English, about 1720, and was organized in 1748. At first it comprised the larger portion of the state. It was named oA^-ni ^ e< ~ er . > the son of Charles Calvert, Lord Baltimore. In 1790 it contained 30, /91 inhabitants; and in 1820 the population had increased to 40,459; in 1840 Xt ; was only 36,405, and in 1850 it had again increased to 40,987. The diminution observed in 1840 was caused by the separation from it of a part of Carroll county. Of the population in 1850, 33,314 were white persons, 3,760 free colored persons, and 3,913- slaves; and, exclusive of the latter, 33,575 were natives of Maryland, 2,142 of other states of the Union, 1,357 of foreign countries. Dwellings, 6,397 ; and families, 6,614. 29 *rso — '^°6& ^^MANUFACTURER 4 dealer in ©TINWARE*^ " n Hl E K r E A P ‘ N .C ARTICLES sm m^mms 226 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JOHN W. BECHTEL, HOUSE AND SHIP PLUMBER, Lift Pumps, Force Pumps, Water Closets, -Mr® iPWisigr^,®^ iiWu^i 93 If. Eutaw Street and 46 St. Faul Street. Wash Basins, and Bath Fixtures, of every description, Hot Air Furnaces, Cooking Stoves, Cooking Ranges, Latrobe Stoves, Radiators, Tin Ware, &c. ROOFING, SPOUTING, AND REPAIRING pr™™ly“ecu.ed. ^ H °‘ a “ d C °' d Water Bath Fixtures > Water Clweto, &«•, Spouting" d &c° f W ° rk aPPertaini ”S 10 the Ti “ Hate and Sheet Iron Business, viz: Roofiing, Repairing and putting up Hot Air Furnaces and Latrobe Stoves promptly attended to. AT T> «8TSBB0CZ»S celebrated hot-air furnaces. iN. is. Orders from the country promptly executed. METALLIC ROOFER AND SPOUTER. B.OOMS, 147 Lexington St. WEST OF HOWARD. I The Golden Prize, award- ed by good tasre, lie only who i wins should wear The mean - | «« may boast. Wo r .!ec) asLi’vSSBrstc "2 k 9?Tounds^ the Amy produced 723,004 pounds butter, and oOO pounds cheese; and The value ’of animals slaughtered was $239,59*. Home-made manufactures were Oriole nundSol Sal establishments in the county on the 1st June, 1850, was oil whh an a-rcate capital amounting to $815,581, and using annually raw mate- was 2oo, wun aa a oc iyu l ro ., ® 1 „ n( j s emnloved 880, at an average W ^‘of SH5 -G ° »d vdTTf products $ftsoi>,907. ’The principal branches SlndLty’Tci’e iron Lking, & c.,’as exhibited in the an- nexed : Factories. No. Capital. Hands. Products. Flouring Mills . . . .72 . . . .$353,550 -133 . . §798,586 Tanneries ....43 243,100.. 179.. 429,o08 Iron furnace.* 1-... S0.000-. SO.. 100,000 “ foundcry .... 1 1,800.. 4.. 5,010 Factories. No. .Capital. Hands. Products. Asricul. impl 2 $17,000 ... 24 Blacksmitheries -.31 13, 740. ..63 ;-9>949 Boot and shoe fac. 16 7, 285. ..63 30,171 Woolen mills 9 25,600... 45.... 26,9o0 Mf s as » tcs. 1 i W TfTr’,n“lVwmrW Stages $S a month; a day laborer averages 75 cents, or 50 if boarded; a carpenter has $1 25; and the weekly wages to a female domestic with board is 75 cents. Price of lioard to a laboring man, $-. a week. The assessed value of real and personal estate was in ISoO .f™ te t« $45 192® valuation $°0 45-5.298 ;) and the amount oi taxes thereon, $98,89-, state tax, Icnntv 'nv 837 Vj-l • ihool tax, $8.000 ; road tax, 88,296. The county supported 2o8 paupers during* the y’ear^ at an expense of $5,898, and at the above date 218 were on the ^whi^W^^&^achool in the year 1840-50, was 6,683 ; and on the 1st June, 1850, there were in 93 primary and public schools 94 teaclieis and r i qo nhildron • in 17 academies and other schools, G8 teachers and *40 pupils, and m |,ree 00 “^ "d340 students. Total’eost, $106,801 ; of which $6,027 was from public funds, and $7,185 from special taxation ; the balance from and charges to scholars. The portion used by colleges was &o4,100 , by public senoois, $1 The county ^^Ifal^TOdinrdie* of all denominations, capable in the aggre- sate of accommodating 30,600 persons; and the value of property held by the churches amounted to $313,450. The Baptists had 3 churches, the Episcopalians 4 the Friends 1, “erman Reformed 11, the Lutherans 7, the Methodists 33 the Presbyterians 3 he Homan Catholics 7, the Moravians 5, the Tunkers 2, the Evangelical Reformed 2, and the “pTnct“ 3 thoroughfare of this county is the Balt and Ohio R.B., which toaverses it in a direction east and west, and passing three rmles below Fredendr ciy, sends off to that nlace a branch R. R. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal also passes on the southern Ihie, along the Potomac river. The turnpikes and county roads are numerous and well ^Frederick City is the county seat of justice, and the following are the principal villages J ^ost-offices" idamstown, Barry, sickey's Town, Burkettsville, Creagcrtown, Em- 228 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. FINE WINES, & c. GEORGE HOLLINS, No. 7 NORTH CHARLES STREET, THE TTISTIOKT IMPORTER AND DEALER IN Fine Champagne, Port, Sherry, Hock, Claret and Madeira Wines, Choice Old Brandy, in Bond and Store, English and Scotch Ale, London and Dublin Brown Stout, Old Bourbon, Scotch and Rye Whiskeys, ZE3I -A. 'NE7‘ -A. 3XT -A. CIGARS, STILTON & GLOSTER CHEESE, ENGLISH PICKLES A#]) SAUCES, sa& s s®8Aa; AND A LARGE AND WELL SELECTED ASSORTMENT OF a S2T is ^ a u& ^ aa is as, a as ^ e WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. ISAAC SCRIBNER. JAMES E. STANSBURY., A. WILSON SEBRING NEW PATENT BRICK MACHINE, IMPROVED, j? n r d ' ® size of Moulds wanted should always accompany I he order. Price of each, to work hy hor.^e power, #4 SO j with pinion and bevel wheel to attach stean. « r water power. *425 n ' — ' *- btate rights lor »alc. For further information sec pamphlets, or address the subserih.-is. SCRIBNER, STANSBURY & CO. No. 70 Broadway. FRE GRE mettsburgh, Graceham, Greenfield Mills, Ijamsville, Jefferson, Johnsville, Ladiesburgh. Liberty Town, Mechanicstown, Middletown, Monrovia, Mount Pleasant, Myersville, New London, New Market, Petersville, Point of Rocks, Sabillisville, Unionville, Urbana, Utica Mills, Walkersville, Weverton, Wolfsville, Woodsborough. Freedom, p. v., Carroll co. Situate about 5 m. w. of the north branch of Patapsco r., 10 m. s. of Westminster, and 50 n. w. of Annapolis. Its vicinity presents a fine farming Tegion. Freela»|&p. v., Baltimore co. F REXcii'flTwN, v., Cecil co. Situate on the e. side of Elk r., 14 m. above its con- fluence with Chesapeake Bay; 2 m. s. of Elkton, and about 80 m. n. w. of Anna- polis. The New-Castle and Frenchtown R. R. has its w. terminus here. Friendship, p. v., Calvert co. Situate about 3 m. w. of Herring Bay of the Chesapeake, 18 m. N. of Prince Frederick Town, and 21 m. s. s. w. of Annapolis. Friendsville, v., Alleghany co. Situate on the e. bank of Youghiogeny r., 7 m. s. of the Pennsylvania state line, and 38 w. of Cumberland. Frizzelsburg, v., Carroll co. Situate on the branches of Big Pipe cr., and on the Taney-Town turnpike, 7 m. n. w. of West- minster. Frostburg, p. v., Alleghany co. Situate on the National Road, where it is crossed by the Western Port turnpike, 10 m. w. of Cumberland, and 176 n. w. of Annapolis. This is one of the most elevated villages in the United States, being, according to Mr. Schriver, 1,792 feet above the tide water of Chesapeake Bay. It is the centre of a vast mining country. Frostburg Company’s Mines, Alleghany co. Situate about one mile n. of Frost- burg, and 10 w. of Cumberland. Funkstown, or Jerusalem, p. v., Wash- ington co. Situate on the e. bank of An- tietam cr., 2 m. s. of Hagerstown, and 99 m. X. w. of Annapolis. The Frederick turnpike passes' through the village. Popu- lation, 793 — white persons, 581 ; free color- ed persons, 32 ; and slaves, 179. Gap Mills, p. o., Baltimore co. George’s Creek, Alleghany co. A large stream, flowing s. to Potomac r., which it joins at Western Port, and opposite Red- mont station of the Balt, and Ohio R. R. It drains the valley between Gt. Savage Mountain and Dan’s Mountain, from both af which it receives numerous streamlets.' Georgetown Cross Roads, p. v., Kent jo. Situate 2 m. s. of Georgetown, on Sassafras r., 16 rn. n. e. of Chestertown, ind 58 n. e. of Annapolis. It is a flourish- ng village, and has an excellent academy. Glymont, p. v., Charles co. Golden, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate on the fine of the Balt, and Susquehanna R. R., 11 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 40 n. of Annapolis. Golden* Hill, p. o., Dorchester co. Goodluck, p. o., Prince George^o. Situ- ate on e. side of Western Branch of Patux- ent r., 13 m. n. of Upper Marlboro’, and 43 m. s. w. of Annapolis. Govanstown, p. v., Baltimore co. Situ- ate on the turnpike 2 m. e. of Jones’ Falls, 6. in. n. of Baltimore, and 34 n. of Anna- polis. Governor’s Bridge, p. o., Anne Arundel co. Graceham, p. v., Frederick co. Situate on the w. side of Monocacy r., 17 n. of Frederick city, and 92 n. n. w. of Annapolis. G rants ville, p. v., AHeghany co. Situ- ate at the e. base of Negro Mountain on the National Road, 27 m. w. of Cumber- •land, and 193 n. w. of Annapolis. Great Back Bone, Alleghany co. One of the principal ridges of the Alleghany Mountains. The Potomac r. follows the course of its e. base, from Savage r. south- ward. Elevation above tide-water 2,981 ft. Great Gunpowder Falls, Baltimore co. A large stream that drains the north and middle sections of the county and falls into Gunpowder r. Its tributary streams are numerous and wide-spreading. Great Mills, p. o., St. Mary’s co. Situ- ate on a creek of St. Mary’s r., falling into its n. w. arm, 10 m. e. s. -e. of Leonard- town, and 81 s. s. w. of Annapolis. Great Savage Mountain, Alleghany co. Extends n. e. from Savage r. far into Penn- sylvania, and may be considered as a pro- longation of the ridge know’n as Great Back- bone. Elevation, 3,483 feet above tide- water. Savage r. on the w., and George’s cr. on the e., receive its streams. * Green Ridge, Alleghany co. One of the small ridges of the Eastern Alleghanies. Green Springs, p. o., Baltimore co. Situ- ate on the line of the Westminster Branch R. R., 14 m. n. of Baltimore, and 46 n. n. w. of Annapolis. Greenfield Mills, p. o., Frederick co. Situate on Monocacy r., 6 m. above its con- fluence with Potomac r., 11 m. s. of Fred- erick city. The inhabitants are chiefly farmers, but some mechanic businesses are here carried on. There are about 9 or 10 dwellings, and from 50 to 60 inhabitants in 230 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. HENRY MAY. WILLIAM MAY. HENRY MAY <& BROTHER, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN TOOLS FOR WITOIIMJKERS 1ND JEWELERS, -A-LL KINDS OF GLASSES, Szc. No. 127 Baltimore Street, Up Stairs, EDWIN L. PARKER. OLIVER A. PARKER. E. L. PARSER & CO. IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN W X XX 333, cfc O. No. 116 West Lombard Street. H. DUYALL. GEO. L. IGLEHART. DUVALL & IGLEHART, FOR THE SALE OF LEAF TOBACCO, GRAIN, FLOUR, WESTERN PRODUCE, &c. No. 128 Light St. Wharf, Corner Conway St. XX A B. O W J&L -m L 3ES . E. M. BOSLEY, IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN mi No. 4 Light Street Wharf, FOUR DOORS BELOW PRATT ST. & GRE IT AR the village, and the surrounding country is all under cultivation. Within the distance of 2 miles there are 2 churches and 3 schools. Greensboro’, p. v., Caroline co. Situate on the w. side of Choptank cr., 10 m. N. of Denton, and G5 e. of Annapolis. Grey Rock, p. o., Harford co. Gunpowder Neck, Harford co. A long peninsula lying between Bush r. and Gun- powder r., and extending far into Chesa- peake Bay, terminating at Rickett’s Point. Gunpowder River, Harford co. A large estuary of Chesapeake Bay, running up be- tween Harford and Baltimore counties, and receiving from both several considerable streams, the largest of which is Great Gun- powder Falls from Baltimore co. This es- tuary covers an area of about 22 square miles; Gwinn’s Falls, Baltimore co. A tribu- tary of Patapsco r. immediately w. of Bal- timore city. Hagerstown, co. seat and p. o., Wash- ington co. Situate on the w. bank of An- tietam cr., 22 m. above its confluence with Potomac r., 101 n. w. of Annapolis, and 96 n. n. w. of Washington, D. C. Lat. 39° 37' n., and long. 77* 35' w. of Greenwich, or 0° 33' 30" w. of Washington. The village is located in the midst of a fine and flourish- ing agricultural district, of which it is the commercial centre. It is a well-built town, with regular and wide streets, and contains a number of substantial public edifices ; a court-house, the county jail, a town-hall, &c. Seven newspapers are issued weekly, viz : the 11 Hagerstown News,” the “ Peo- ples’ Own,” and the “ Casket,” neutral and literary; the 11 Herald of Freedom” and the “ Torch-Light,” whig / and the “Hager- stown Mail” and the “ Republican,” demo - cratic. The circulation averages for each about 700 copies, but the Casket circulates 1,400. There are two banks in the village. In 1850 the population amounted to 3,884 — 3,266 white persons, 435 free colored persons, and 183 slaves. The Franklin R. R. connects the town with the rail-road3 of Pennsylvania. Hall’s Cross Roads, p. o., Harford co. Situate on the w. side of Swan cr., 12 m. e. of Bel- Air, and 59 n. of Annapolis. The line of the Phila., Wilmington and Balt. R. R. passes by this point. Hamburg, v., Frederick co. Situate on the s. side of Fishing cr., at the base of Catoctin Mountain, 10 m. N. of Frederick city, and 85 m. n. w. of Annapolis. Hampstead, p. v., Carroll co. Situate on the upper waters of the North Branch of Patapsco r., 6 m. n. e. of Westminster, and 56 m. n. n. w. of Annapolis. Hampton, v., Baltimore co. Situate on a creek of Great Gunpowder Falls, 12 m. n. of Baltimore city. Hancock, p. v., Washington co. Situate on the n. bank of Potomac r., 28 m. w. of Hagerstown, and 125 n. w. of Annapolis. It is the centre of a considerable trade, and has excellent prospects from its facilities of transportation ; the Potomac r., the Chesa- peake and Ohio canal, and the Balt, and Ohio R. R. pass it closely, and an excellent turnpike passes through it — all in a direction e. and w. Hare wood, v., Baltimore co. Situate on the s. side of Bird’s r., near its confluence * with Gunpowder r., 16 m. e. of Baltimore. HARFORD COUNTY fronts on Susquehanna river and Chesapeake Bay, and ex- tends back to Baltimore county and the north line of the state. Area, 282,880 acres. The southern portions of Harford are low and flat, and have extensive arms of the Chesapeake penetrating far inland. These receive the drainage of about one half the surface — that of the northern portions of the county being carried off by Deer Creek and other creeks to the Susquehanna river. In the latter upper region the surface is elevated, rocky, and in some parts even hilly ; and here all the varieties of the primary rocks, such as granite, gneiss, micaceous and talcose slates and limestone occur, and iron ore of a rich quality is abundant The quality of the soil depends on the character of the subjacent rocks, but are in all cases excellent grass lands. In the lower parts ofothe county the soils vary greatly in their composition : sand, gravelly loam and clay, the latter predominating, being their bases. Lime is the most commonly used fertilizer. The natural timbers are white and black oak, chestnut, hickory and poplar. Few parts of the state are more varied in their agricultural productions or in their capacities for grazing and feeding, and no district has greater commercial facilities either seaward or inland, while many of the streams afford fine sites for milling and manufactures. The roads are excellent, and penetrate to evvry portion of the county ; and hence in the development of its resources the progress has been rapid and substantial. Several considerable islands of the Chesapeake, as Spesutie Island and Pool’s Island, belong to Harford county. This county was organized in 1773, having previously constituted a portion of Baltimore and Frederick counties. It was named after Henry Harford, son of the last Lord Balti- more, and last proprietary of the colony. In 1790 it contained 14,976 inhabitants, and in 232 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. WM. J. BOYD. P. R. FENDALL. E. G. DUVALL. WM. H. KEIGHLER. DUVALL, KEIGHLER & CO. AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF lamp* Cotton unit lUoolon Cook, BY THE PACKAGE OR PIECE, o . £5 *7~55 Ti/L arKet street. HOPKINS & FAIRCHILD, z> No. 230 BALTIMORE STREET, KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BEADY MADE CLOTIIIIC OF THEIR OWN MANUFACTURE, TO WHICH THEY INVITE THE ATTENTION OF DEALERS. MAYNARD & ROSE, LEATHER MANUFACTURERS. ALSO DEALERS IS GOODS USED BY BOOT AND SHOE MAKERS, AND BY BOOK BINDERS GENERALLY. We name in part — French and American Calf Skins, Bo. Do. Kip Do., Buff and Horse Leather, Linings and Bindings, Morocco, of all kinds, Italian Cloth, and Lastings, Francais Ribbon and Galloon of all shades, Gaiter Uppers, Gum, Webbing and Kid, And Findings generally. MAYNARD Sc ROSE, No. 46 Calvert St. one door S of Lombard. HAR II AR 1820 its population was 15,924; in 1840, 17,120; and in 1850, 19,356, of which 14,413 were white persons, 2,777 free colored persons, arid 2,166 slaves; and of the population, exclusive of slaves, 14,957 were natives of Maryland, 1,235 of other portions of the Union, and 998 of foreign states. Dwellings 2,977, and families 2,985. Births, 469; marriages, 77; and deaths, 246. Deaf and dumb, 11; blind, 4; insane, 14; and idiotic, 18. Slaves — manumitted, in 1849-50, 30 ; and fugitive, 37. The number of farms in the county on the 1st June, 1850, was 1,278, covering 123,094 acres improved, and 86,509 acres unimproved lands, valued at $4,177,047 ; and the value of farming implements and machinery was $156,114. The live stock consisted of— horses, 3,662; asses and mules, 224; milch cows, 5,003; working oxen, 1,515; other cattle, 4,113; sheep, 8,424; swine, 14,342, valued in the aggregate at $444,400; and the value of animals slaughtered during the year ending at the above date was $100,560. The va- lue of the dairy was $236,825, and the wool crop amounted to 21,072 pounds. The pro- ducts of the soil were— wheat, 186,421 bushels; rye, 2.010; Indian corn, 516,537; oats, 220,012; barley, 76; buckwheat, 34,180; beans and peas, 118; Irish potatoes, 56,470, and sweet potatoes, 45 bushels. The value of orchard products was $9,507, and of mar- ket-garden products, $336 ; and of wine 56 gallons was produced. There is also enumerated in the census a number of other products, as hay, 12,837 tons ; clover-seed, 2,547 bush- els; other grass-seed, 170 bushels; hops, 20 pounds; flax, 262 pounds; flax-seed, 15 bushels ; and beeswax and honey, 4,286 pounds. The value of home-made manufactures was $5,051. The principal manufactures of Harford are iron, flour and leather. On the 1st of June, 1850, the county contained 70 industrial establishments, in which an aggregate capital of $428,655 was invested, and in which raw material, valued at $398,732° & was consumed in 1849-50. The whole number of businesses represented was 20, and the whole number of hands employed was 320, at an average monthly cost of $6,456, producing in the year to the value of $545,676. The statistics of the principal businesses were as follow : Business or Value of Manufactures. No. Capital. Hands, prod’cts. Agric. implements 9... .$2, 775 21... $7,390 Blacksmiths .11 2,875 -25 8,816 Woolen mills 3 7,600 20»» .13,100 Paper mill 1 6,000 5 8,000 Business or Value of Manufactures. No. Capital. Hand#, prod’cts Forges, iron 2.. $38.500 27.. . 29,300 Furnaces 4.. 280, 000 144.. 171,800 Flour mills 12. . . 65,500 21 . . 262,010 Tanneries 6. ..11,000 17 9, *700 Also boot and shoe shops 4, with six hands; brick field 1, with 2 hands; broom factory 1 ; cabinet factories 2, with 4 hands ; carriage factory 1, with 2 hands; cooper’s shop 1 with 3 hands ; pottery 1, with 2 hands ; lime kilns 3, with 6 hands ; bark mill 1, with 3 hands * saw mills 2 ; iron mine 1, with 5 hands ; and stone mason’s shops 2, with 8 hands. * The average wages to a farm-hand in this county is $10 a month with board '- of a day-laborer with board 50 cents, and without board 75 cents; of a carpenter $1 25 a day, and of a female domestic with board $1 a week. The price of board for labor: w men is $2 a week. “ & Assessed fm taxation, the value of all real and personal estate in the county in 1850 amounted to $5,087,990, and the amount of taxes laid thereon was $41 686 of which $12,556 was for state purposes, and $29,130 for county purposes. The number of paupers supported during the year was 28, of which 17 remained on the lists on the 1st June, 1850 — annual cost, $2,800. The county is poorly supplied with means of education. Hot a single public library ex- ists within its limits, and only 16 private ones with the small aggregate of 6 S25 volumes * and three weekly papers circulating from 300 to 500 copies are the only local vehicles of news. The number of children that had attended school in 1849-50 was 2 213- and there was on the 1st June, 1850, within the county, 17 primary and common schools’ with 1/ teachers and o90 scholars, and 2 academies and other schools with 2 teachers and 68 pupils. The expenses for the year, incident to the schools, amounted to $4,150 all de- rived from the public funds; and the expenses of the academies was $650 of which* amount $500 was realized from endowment, and $150 from the public funds. These statistics exhibit a state of things unworthy of so prosperous a county as that of Harford and call loudly for some beneficent reform. The number of “ adults who cannot read and write was 866, viz: 20/ white persons, and 659 free colored persons. i t n e R ?A n0d ab0VG na ^ ed » there were in the county 38 churches, capable of accommo- dating 9,550 persons and valued, as property, at $51,300. The Methodists are more numerous than all other denominations together, and had 21 churches, with accommoda- BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 234 1856 . 1857 . / IMPORTERS OF We are prepared to show to dealers as large an assortment, and to offer it at as low prices as any in the country. Southern and Western Merchants are particularly solicited to call at this old es- tablished House before purchasing.. Their new and capacious Warehouse contains the most complete assortment of English, German and French IF^M(DY ©@®P©i, [Kl®© D IKY, &o. AND ALL ARTICLES REQUIRED BY THE TRADE. Jt3T Great promptness and dispatch being used in the execution of all orders. FREDERICK FICKEY & SONS. — HAR HOO tion for 4,950 persons; the Baptists had 3 churches, with accommodation for 900 persons; the Episcopalians 3 churches, and accommodation for 850 persons; the Friends 5 churches, and accommodation for 1,000; the Presbyterians 3 churches, and accommodation for 850 persons; the Roman Catholics 2 churches, and accommodation for 700 persons; and the Union or Free Church, 1 church, and accommodation for 300. The great thoroughfare of this county is the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore R. R., which traverses in a direction s. w. and n. e. through its southern portion. Its e. terminus is at Havre de Grace, and its w. terminus on Gunpowder river. The Tide- water canal from Pennsylvania has also its terminus at Havre de Grace. Bel-Air is the county seat of justice, and the following are the principal villages and •post-offices : — Abingdon, Churchville, Clermont Mills, Darlington, Dublin, Fallston, Grey Rock, Hall’s Cross Roads, Havre de Grace, Hickory Tavern, Highland Grove, Hopewell Cross Roads, Jarre ttsville, Jerusalem Mills, Magnolia, Michaels ville, Mill Green, Perry- mansville, Pleasant ville, Rock Run, Sandy Hook, Shawsville, Taylor, Upper Cross Roads. Harford, v., Harford co. Situate at the junction of James’ and Bynham’s Runs at the head of Bush r., 8 m. s. of Bel- Air. It is known also as Busii. Harris’ Lot, p. o., Charles co. Harrisonville, p. v., Baltimore co. Situ- ate on the Union Town post-road, 7 m. w. of Baltimore city. Havre de Grace, seaport, p. t., Harford co. Situate on the w. side of Susquehanna r., at its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, 16 m. e. of Bel-Air, and 64 n. e. of Annapolis. The Balt, and Philadelphia Rail-road passes through the place, and crosses Susquehanna r. by a steam ferry, and here is the s. ter- minus of the Tide-water or Susquehanna canal, which furnishes a navigable channel between the sea and the system of canals in Pennsylvania. The town itself is small, but well built, and contains several stores and warehouses ; and in 1850, it had a popula- tion of 1,336 — 1,049 white persons, 203 free colored persons, and 84 slaves. The various mechanic arts and commerce form the chief industrial pursuits ; and in the proper sea- son, the shad and herring fisheries of the river and bay give employment to many. The “ Harford Madisonian” is published here, weekly circulation about 400 copies. The British, under Admiral Cockburn, sacked and burned the place in 1814. Head of Sassafras, p. o., Kent co. Situ- ate, as its name implies, at the head of Sas- safras r., 18 m. e. of its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, 28 m. n. e. of Chester- town, and 70 m. n. e. of Annapolis. Hereford, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate 3 m. w. of Gunpowder Falls, on the turn- pike, 28 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 52 n. of Annapolis. Herring Bay. An arm of Chesapeake Bay on its western side, indenting the shores of Anne Arundel and Calvert coun- ties. Holland’s Point is its south headland. Herring Run, Baltimore co. A tributary of Back r., which it joins in its north-west- ern arm. Hickory, p. v. ; Harford co. Situate at the head streams of Bynham’s Run, 5 m. N. of Bel- Air, and 58 n. of Annapolis. Hicksburg, p. v., Dorchester co. Highland Grove, p. o., Harford co. Hillsboro’, p. v., Caroline co. Situate on the e. of Tuckahoe cr., 7 m. w. n.,w. of Denton, and 59 e. of Annapolis. Hill Top, v., Charles co. Situate on a creek of Nanjemoy r., 8 m. w. of Port To- bacco. Hilton, v., Howard co. Situate near the Patapsco r., one mile s. w. of Ellieott’s Mills. Hole-in-the-Wall, v., Talbot co. Situ- ate at the Cross-Roads, 8 m. s. of Easton. Holland’s Islands, Dorchester co. A cluster of islands ranging n. and s., and enclosing the large bay containing the estu- aries of the Nanticoke, Wicomico, and Manokin rivers. Holland’s Point, Calvert co. The ex- treme e. point of the s. boundary of Her- ring Bay, so called. Holly Point, Baltimore co. The e. point of the s. shore of Middle r., so called. Honga River, or Sound, Dorchester co. A broad, navigable sound, intervening be- tween Hooper’s island and the main. Hood’s Mills, Carroll co. Situate on the n. side of the w. branch of the Patapsco r., and on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 35 m. w. of Baltimore, 16 s. of Westminster, and 56 n. n. w. of Anna- polis. Hooktown, v., Talbot co. Situate 2 m. e. of St. Michael’s r., and 3 n. of Easton. Hookstown, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate 2 m. e. of Gwinn’s Falls, 6 m. n. of Balti- more, on the W estminster turnpike, and 33 n. n. w. of Annapolis. Hooper’s Island, Dorchester co. A large island of Chesapeake Bay, separated from the main land by Honga r. Hoop Pole Ridge, Alleghany co. A long ridge of the Alleghanies, traversing 236 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JAMES C. GOLDER. WILLIAM W. GOLDER. J. C. GOLDER & BRO. (SUCCESSORS TO A. GOLDER & SON,) MANUFACTURERS OF 1ST O. 33 HANOVER STREET- B. T. FELLOWS, tOljolesale anb tUtail ^Dealer in a . iv STATI0WKR1T, Of all kinds, for sale at Manufacturers’ prices, No. 37 South Calvert Street. JAS. ARMSTRONG & CO. MANUFACTURERS, O O 3XT O O R. X> STREET, NEAR PRATT STREET BRIDGE. SPEAR & COLE, mj 1TJ 11) Jr No. 20 Water Street, head of Cheapside, Where maj be had, cheap for Cash or good paper, all kinds of Leather, consisting of Salt, Ijpr, Calf Sltiit, f anwss, §riiilt arth Shirting TOGETHER WITH BAND, RED SOLE, AND A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF PAIR LEATHERS. ALSO, PURE COD LIVER AND NEATS OILS. HOP JEF the w. part of the county in a direction n. £. and s. w. Hopewell Cross-Roads, p. o., Harford co. Situate on the main road from Balti- more to Philadelphia, where it is crossed by the Havre de Grace road, about 4 m. w. of Susquehanna r., and 5 w. of Port Deposit, 6 m. n. w. of Havre de Grace, and 8 m. e. n. e. of Bel- Air. Large droves of cattle for the eastern markets pass this point. The country around is well settled, and great improvements have been made of late years in the routine of agricultural opera- tions. A Temperance Hall, for the con- venience of the neighborhood, has been lately erected. Horse Head, p. o., Prince George co. Houck’s Store, p. o., Carroll co. HOWARD COUNTY formed a portion of Anne Arundel previous to 1851, and in that connection was known as the Howard District. It occupies about 144,000 acres- situate between the Patapsco and Patuxent rivers, and lying north-west of Anne Arun- del county, as at present constituted. The surface is undulating, and the drainage excel- lent. Numerous creeks, rising from the interior of the county, fall into the streams which almost surround it, and in their course furnish considerable mill-power. The statistics of this county are not given separate from those of Anne Arundel in the census of 1850, as published by the State Department, and hence the interests of the two counties have been considered together. (See Anne Arundel County.) It is evident, however, on reference to the list of towns contained in Howard, that the great bulk of the manufactures attributed to Anne Arundel, belong, in reality, to this county. The Balt, and Ohio R. R. traverses the north boundary of the county, and the Balt, and Washington Branch R. R. the south- ern boundary. The following are the principal villages and post-offices: Cookesville, Elkridge Landing, Ellicott’s Mills, Elysville, Uchester Mills, Lisbon, Marriottsville, Poplar Springs, Savage, &c. Hoystown, v., Alleghany co. Hungary Neck, Somerset co. A long peninsula, lying between Wicomico r. and Monie cr. Hunting Creek, Dorchester co. A tribu- tary of Choptank r. Hunting Creek, Frederick co. A tribu- tary of Monocacy r., from the w. Hunting Creek Town, v., Dorchester co. Situate on the e. side of Hunting cr. of the Choptank r., 5 m. above its confluence w ; th the latter. Huntingtown, p. v., Calvert co. Situate on the s. side of Huntingtown cr., 3 m. n n. w. of Prince (Fredericktown, and 42 s. of Annapolis. Huntingtown Creek, Calvert co. A creek of Patuxent r. Hyattstown, p. v., Montgomery co. Situate near the n. w. county line, about 2£ s. of Bennett’s cr. of Monocacy r., 17 m. n. w. of Rockville, and 72 w. by n. of Annapolis. Ijamsville, p. v., Frederick co. Situate on the n. side of Bush cr., 6 m. from its confluence with Monocacy r., 10 m. s. e. of Frederick city, and 71 n. w. of Annapolis. The Balt, and Ohio R. R., passes through the village. Baltimore distant 54 m. e. Ilchester Mills, p. o., Howard co. Sit- uate on the s. side of Patapsco r., 13 m. w. of Baltimore, and 2 m. from Ellicott’s Mills. The Balt, and Ohio R. R. passes by this place. Indian Landing, v., Anne Arundel co. Situate at the head of Severn r., on its w. side, 9 m. n. of Annapolis. Indian Spring, Washington co. A no- ted watering-place on North Mountain, 15 m. w. of Hagerstown. Irish Creek, Talbot co. An inlet of the estuary of Choptank r., between Tread- haven cr. and Broad cr. Isle of Wight, Worcester co. A small island at the entrance of St. Martin’s r. Israel Creek, Frederick co. A tributary of Monocacy r., from the e. Israel Creek, Washington co. A tribu- tary of Potomac r., flowing through Pleas- ant Valley, and having its sources in the slopes of South and Elk mountains. Tames’ Island, Dorchester co. An island of the Chesapeake, a little s. of Choptank r. Jane’s Island, Somerset co. More pro- perly a peninsula, this swampy neck of land projects into Chesapeake Bay, between Annemesix and Little Annemesix rivers, about 5 m. Jarrettsville, p. v., Harford co. Situ- ate s. of Deer Creek in the n. w. part of the county, 12 m. n. n. w. of Bel- Air, and 65 N. of Annapolis. Jefferson, p. v., Frederick co. Situate about a mile e. of Catoctin cr., and between that and Catoctin Mountain, 4 m. n. from Potomac r., 8 m. s. w. of Frederick city, and 86 n. w. of Annapolis. Population in 1850, 337 — 245 white persons, 8 free colored persons, 84 slaves. Jefferson’s Corner, p. v., Somerset co. I BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 238 DANIEL STIRN. AUGUST STIRN. STIRM BROTHERS, MAN-UFACTURERS OF E. WHITMAN. ■4 s 0 - IN' E "W E, W. ROBINSON. B )ci ) 9 USTO. es EXICTT^nSTG-E PLACE. Farmers and Mechanics will find at our new Warehouse, nearly every Implement, Machine or Tool used in j! their line of business. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.— Horse Powers, Thrashing Machines, Wheat Fans, Plows and Seed Drills, Reaping Machines, Cornshellers. Straw Cutters, Corn and Cob Crushers, Plantation Mills, Vegetable Cutters, Hydraulic Rains, Pumps of all kinds, Shovels, Spades, Forks, Rakes, Hoes, Sic., Sic. MECHANICS’ MACHINES.— Planing Machines for wood and iron. Steam Engines, Mortising and Tenon- ing Machines, Sa*h Moulding Machines, Circular and Upright Saws, Engine and Hand Lathes, Horizontal and Upright Drills, Rolt Cutting Machines, Portable arid Smith’s Forges, Smith’s Bellows, Fan Blowers, Stocks and Dies, Smut Machines, Belting, &c. Sic. Field and Garden Seeds, Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Peruvian and Mexican Guano, Poudrette, Bone Dust and Fertilizers of all descriptions. JEN KEN Jenning s Run, Alleghany co. Rises by two forks from k. slope of Great Savage Mountain, and after an e. course of 20 miles in its windings empties into Will’s Creek 4 m. above Cumberland. Mt. Savage village is located on the s. fork, and Wel- lersburg on the n. fork. Jerusalem Mills, p. o., Harford co. Situ- ate on the e. side of Little Gunpowder Falls, 8 m. s. e. of Eel- Air, and 4G n. of Annapolis. Johns ville, p. v., Frederick co. Situate on an ele vated plat, from which streams flow- ing in every direction to Antietam cr., Sam’s cr.. ore. have their rise, 13 m. n. e. in a di- rect line of Frederick city, and 74 m. n. w. of Annapolis. The vicinity is one of the finest agricultural districts in the county. Jones’ Falls, Baltimore co. A stream from the n., passing through the city of Baltimore centrally, and falling into the Inner Harbor. It is a fine mill stream, and is the site of extensive manufactures. Joppa, v., Harford co. Situate on the n. e. side of Gunpowder r., and about a mile x. of the Balt, and Philadelphia R. R. track. Kedges, or Cages Strait, Dorchester co. A narrow passage between Holland’s Is- lands and Smith’s Island, so called, by which a navigable communication is had between Tangier Sound and Chesapeake Bay. Keedysville, p. v., Washington co. Situ- ate on L. Antietam cr.. 13 m. s. of Hagers- town, and 88 n. w. of Annapolis. KENT COUNTY occupies the whole of the peninsula situate between Sassafras river and Chester river, affluents of Chesapeake Bay, and several islands in the wide estuary of the latter river. Its superficies contain only 174, 0S0 acres, it being, with the exception of Calvert, the smallest county in the state. The surface is high and rolling, generally dr}* and well-drained by creeks flowing into its border streams, and its soil is of excellent quality, and fertile. The forest growths are several varieties of oak, hickory, chestnut, piue, locust, walnut, cedar, gum and beech ; and its grasses are rich and nutritious. Marl and lime (from shell beds) are abundant, and are the most commonly used fertilizers of the soil. The finest crops of the county are wheat, Indian corn and oats, for which the climate is eminently suited; and in proportion to its extent the amount of live stock owned and fed on the pasture lands is above the average. The county was organized by the provincial legislature in 1650, and derived its name from the neighboring island, called Kent, the seat of the first settlements within the state. In 1790 it contained 12,836 inhabitants; in 1820 its population had decreased to 11,453, and in 1S40 to 10,842, but in 1850 it had somewhat regained its former numbers — the population having increased to 11,386, or in the ratio during the preceding decenniad of 5 ’02 per centum. The whole of this decrease has occurred in the free colored and slave population. Of the population in 1850, the number of white persons was 5,616; of free colored, 1,571; and of slaves, 2,627; and of the w'hite and free colored persons 7,992 were natives of Maryland, 695 (of which 528 from Delaware) of other states of the Union, and 72 of foreign countries. Dwellings 1,584, and families 1,584. Deaf and dumb, 7; blind, 6 ; insane, 8 ; and idiotic, 8. Slaves — manumitted, in 1849-50, two , and fugitive, ten. On the 1st June, 1850, there were in the county 667 farms, covering 125,310 acres im- proved and 41,103 acres unimproved lands, together valued at §3,047,309; and the value of farming implements and machinery was $92,702. The live stock consisted of 2,985 horses, 206 asses and mules, 3,083 milch cows, 899 working oxen, 3,373 other cattle, 6,826 sheep, and 11,756 swine, valued in the aggregate at $298,069. "Wool was produced in 1849-50, to the amount of 21,312 pounds; butter, of 46,122 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered was $60,118. The soil crops consisted of wheat, 194,860 bushels ; rye, 200 ; Indian corn, 556,731 ; oats, 126,206 ; buckwheat, 695 ; peas and beans, 620 ; Irish potatoes, 44,653 ; and sweet potatoes, 1,820 bushels ; also hay, 856 tons ; clover- seed, 332 bushels ; hops, 25 pounds ; dew-rotted hemp, 5 tons, &c. The value of orchard products amounted to $20,715, and of market-garden products, $1,240 ; and the production of beeswax and honey amounted to 1,495 pounds. Home-made manufactures were va lued at $400 The manufacturing industry of Kent is confined to the production of articles suitable to the local population. On the 1st June, 1850, the whole number of industrial establish- ments was only 34, in which the capital invested was $45,700, and the annual produc- tion, '$111, 750. Value of raw material consumed, $73,642; average number of hands employed, 82 ; average monthly wages paid, $1,540. Five flour, and six grist mills repre- sented more than half the above sums ; besides which, there were 9 boot and shoe fac- tories employing 34 hands ; 4 carriage factories, with 16 hands ; 5 blacksmith shops, with 8 hands ; and one establishment each for farming implements, cabinet ware, coopering, 240 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. E. M. PUNDERSON & CO. No. 209 ZOs.rtizra.oir© JStzr©©t ? BETWEEN LIGHT AND CHARLES STREETS, MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN AND EVERY VARIETY OF GOODYEAR’S METALLIC UMBHA 3EOTIM ©TOBI OILED silk:, § W S M €? M&€ ISSUE LADIES’ RETICULES, &c. J. H. LOGAN & CO. 41 North Faca Street, opposite the Hand Tavern, MANUFACTURERS OF o ien TIN WARE! TITST WARE!! TIN WARE!!! KEEN & CAGERTV, No. 37 S. Calvert St. Cor. Water and Cheapside, and 12 Baltimore Street, NEAR THE BRIDGE. We are prepared to offer to Country Merchants, and to the trade generally, a large assort- ment of TIN WARE, Of our own manufacture, to- gether with every article in our line, at the very lowest possible prices for Cash. Purchasers will find it to their advantage to give us a call. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. KEN LAN woolen goods, and saddlery. No steam power is used in the county ; and water power in the woolen, flour and grist mills only. The average wages of a farm-hand with board was $8 a month. A day-laborer averaged 62 cents. Carpenters, $1 30 a day. Female domestics 75 cents a week with board. The price of board for laboring men averaged $1 50. The value of real and personal property in the county, 1st June, 1850, amounted to $4,574,821, and the taxes for the previous year assessed thereon, to $32,472 ; namely, state tax, $11,613 ; county tax, $10,171 ; school tax, $5,315 ; poor tax, $2,744 ; and road tax, $2,629. The number of paupers supported during 1849-50, was 55, and the expense $1,063 ; and the same number remained on the lists on the 1st June, 1850 ; and the num- ber of criminals convicted in 1849-50, was three , and the same number were undergoing their sentence on the 1st June, 1850. There were, at the date above named, 1 college, 4 academies and other schools, and 29 primary and public schools in the county. The following statistics show their condition at that point of time : Class. Number. Teachers. Scholars. Total Income. College 1 3 40 $3,500 Academies, &c 4 .....6 160 1,800 Public schools 29 29 700 5,553 But during the year past, 1,042 individuals had attended school, of which 569 were males, and 473 females. The number of “ Adults who cannot read and write” was 204 jvhite persons, and 392 free colored. The u Kent News,” issued at Chestertown weekly, and circulating 500 copies, was the only newspaper published. There were in the county 22 libraries containing an aggregate of 11,026 volumes : 15 containing 9,550 volumes were private libraries, and the residue belonged to colleges and schools. The county contained 37 churches which had accommodation for 9,300 persons, and which were valued as property at $40,950 ; of these, six belonged to the Episcopalians, with accommodation for 2,050 ; three to the Friends Society, for 400 ; 26 to the Methodists, for 6,550 ; and two to the Presbyterians, for 300. In the lower part of the county was fought, on the 14th day of August, 1814, the mem- orable battle of Caulk’s Field, in which 127 Americans, under command of Col. Philip Reed, encountered nearly 300 British under Sir Peter Parker ; and after some very sharp fighting, the Americans drove their enemies from the field, leaving 14 of their men dead, and carrying off with them, in their retreat, their commander, who died of his wounds be- fore they got aboard their vessels riding in Chesapeake Bay. Chestertown is the county seat of justice ; and the following are the principal villages and post-offices Chesterville, Georgetown Cross Roads, Harmony, Head of Sassafras, Massey’s Cross Roads, Millington, Rock Hall, Urieville. Kent Island, Queen Anne co. The largest and most important island of Chesa- peake Bay, containing about 42 square miles of surface. The first settlement with- in the present limits of Maryland were made on this island by Claiborne, and here is the scene of many interesting events in the early colonial history of the state. Keyser’s Ridge, p. o., Alleghany co. Keyser’s Ridge, Alleghany co. A short ridge at the head of Bear cr., a tributary of Youghiogeny r. Kingstown, p. o., Somerset co. Situate at the head waters of Annemesix r., 11 m. s. of Princess Anne, and 118 m. s. e. by s. of Annapolis. Kingstown, or Kingston, v., Talbot co. Situate on w. side of Choptank r., 8 m. e. of Easton. Kingsville, v., Baltimore co. Situate 2 m. n. of Great Gunpowder Falls, 16 m. n. e. of Baltimore city. Knoxville, v., Frederick co. Situate on the n. bank of Potomac r., and on the lines of Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and of the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 79 ra. w. of Baltimore city, and 15 m. s. w. of Frederick city. Ladiesburgit, p. v., Frederick co. Situ- ate on the s. side of Sam’s cr., 16 m. n. n. e. of Frederick city, and 81 m. n. w. of Anna- polis. Laicesville, p. v., Dorchester co. Situ- ate s. of Little Choptank r., 6 m. s. e. of Cambridge, and 63 m. s. e. of Annapolis. Langford’s Creek, Kent co. A large creek in the s. part of the county, between Quaker Neck and Piney Neck, emptying into Langford’s Bay, an arm of Chester r., about 14 m. above its confluence with Chesapeake Bay at Love’s Point. This creek is divided in its upper part into two branches by the intervention of Broad Neck. 31 242 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. WOODWARD, H £»J| >m mm No. 49 1-2 BALTIMORE STREET. Dggtieiteoiijfies ?}cct|h)fei(j Copied Jlife-SIse, it) ;Dt|h]5le Oil Coloi*s. geoeithT No. 27 NORTH GAT STREET, ONE DOOR BELOW MATHIOT’S CHAIR MANUFACTORY, HAS IN STORE A SPLENDID ASSORTMENT OF P A I 1 !>: a HANlilNIU, ^ttJSTETXJ^lSr BT j II>TI3S 3 <&c. 1M& H&TTRSSSS8 MM f © ©IBM Paper Hung by Hie Most Careful Workmen, A Paper Hanger sent to any part of Maryland, Virginia or Pennsylvania, to put up paper, when the expenses incurred on the trip are paid. CHARLES FAFUNGER, QjAJP A' MAKTUTACTUBEB, Constitution Street Always on hand a large stock of articles in the line, of superior manufacture, and to be disposed of on reasonable terms. POMPLITZ & EODEWALD, III lASmCTOlT KTo. 3 S E 3 S r , ^.tt Street, CORNER OF ALBEMARLE STREET. JK3T These Organs took the highest Premium at the late fair at the Maryland Institute. LAP LIT Lappon’s Cross Roads, p. o., Washington co. Situate at the cross roads, 6 m. s. of Hagerstown, and 70 m. w. of Annapolis. Lauraville, p. o., Baltimore co. Laurel Factory, p. o., Prince George co. Situate on the w. side of Big Patuxent r., 26 m. n. of Upper Marlboro’, and 24 m. wl n. w. of Annapolis. Laytonsville, p. v., Montgomery co, Leeds, v., Cecil co. Situate on the divide betw'een Big and Little Elk rivers, 8 m. n. of Elkton. Leesborough, p. v., Montgomery co. Situate on the Washington and Rockville turnpike, 6 m. e. s. e. of Rockville, and 9 n. of Washington city, D. C. The name of the post-office is “ Cottage,” (which see.) The village and its suburbs have about 50 houses, 5 water mills, and one steam mill for grinding and sawing : also Catholic, Episco- pal, and Methodist churches and Sunday schools. The buildings are generally frame- work, but several are of stone and brick : one of the latter, the mansion of Francis P. Blair, Esq., on “ Silver Spring farm.” Great improvements have of late years been made in the agriculture of this neighborhood. The whole section is proverbially healthy, and is well watered by creeks flowing to Rock Creek and east branch of Potomac r. Leesborough is on a part of a 4,000 acre tract called “ St. Joseph’s Park,” originally the estate of the Carroll family, some of whose descendants remain on it. "Very large droves of cattle from Virginia travel through the village to the market of Baltimore. Population about 300. Leitersburg, p. v., Washington co. Situ- ate in the n. e. corner of the county, 2 m. e. of Antietam cr., 9 m. n. e. of Hagerstown, and 112 n. w. of Annapolis. Population in 1850, 298 — all white persons. The vicinity is a flourishing agricultural country, drained by several fine affluents of Antiotam cr., and inhabited by a most industrious community. Leister’s Lane, v., Carroll' co. Situate on the high lands of Parr’s Ridge, 8 m. n. of Westminster. Leonardtown, co. seat and p. o., St. Mary’s co. Situate on the e. side of Brit- ton’s Bay, a small branch of Potomac r., 87 m. s. of Annapolis, and 64 m. s. s. e. of Washington, D. C. It contains the usual county buildings, and about 60 houses, some of which are commodious and well built. Lewistown, p. v., Frederick co. Situate on Fishing cr., 10 m. n. of Frederick city, and 85 n. w. of Annapolis. Libert ytown, p. v., Frederick co. Situ- ate 2 m. n. of Linganore cr., of Monocacy r., 15 m. e. n. e. of Frederick city, and 70 m. n. w. of Annapolis. Ltbertytown, v., Worcester co. Situate on the e. side of Pocomoke r., 16 m. n. n. e. of Snow Hill. Licking Creek, Washington co. A con- siderable stream from Pennsylvania, run- ning south through this county to a con- fluence with Potomac r., 12 m. e. of Han- cock. Linganore Creek, Frederick co. A tribu- tary to Monocacy, r., from Parr’s Ridge. Lisbon, p. v., Howard co. Situate on the Baltimore and Frederick turnpike, 13 m. w. n. w. of Ellicott’s Mills, and 23 m. of Baltimore city. Little Back-bone, Alleghany co. One of the ridges of the Alleghany Mountains. Little Bohemia River, Cecil co. The south-east branch of Bohemia r., so called. Little Ciioptank River, Dorchester co. A large inlet of Chesapeake Bay, about 5 m. s. of Choptanlc r. ; a number of creeks empty into it on all sides. Little Conecocheague Creek, Washing- ton co. Rises in several streams on the e. side of North Mountain, and flowing s. falls into Potomac r. Little Conoloway Creek, Washington co. A small stream from the n., which falls into Potomac r., at Hancock. Little Crossings, v., Alleghany co. Situ- ate at the point where the National Road crosses Little Youghiogeny r., 25 m. w. of Cumberland. Little Deel’s Island, Somerset co. An island lying outside the estuary of Mano- kin r. Little Elk River, Cecil co. The west- ern fork of Elk river, so called. Little Gunpowder Falls. A fine mill stream, separating Baltimore and Harford counties, and falling into the n. w. arm ol Gunpowder r. Little Gunpowder, p. o., Baltimore co. Situate on the w. side of Little Gunpowder cr., two miles above its confluence with Gunpowder r., 14 m. e. n. e. of Baltimore city, and 46 n. by e. of Annapolis. Little Honga River, Dorchester co. A branch of Honga r., lying between Meek- in Neck and the main land. Little Patuxent River, Howard and Anne Arundel cos. The eastern branch of Patuxent r., which, after watering the southern portion of Howard co., in which it has its rise, by several streams, passes into Anne Arundel co., through the w. sec- tion of which it runs to its confluence, 12 m. s. of the Howard co. line. Little Pipe Creek, Carroll co. A tribu- tary of Sam’s cr. of Monocacy r., from the w. slope of Parr’s Ridge. Little Youghic ieny River, Alleghany LLO MIC co. Drains the n. part of the valley be- tween Negro Mountain and Meadows Mountain, from the slopes of which it has its sources; and .passing n. into Pennsyl- vania, by its junction with Flaugherty’s cr., forms Casselman’s r., the largest tributary of Youghiogeny r. Llongollen Mines, Alleghany co. Situ- ate about 1 m. n. w. of the junction of George’s cr. with the Potomac r. A branch of the Lonaconing R. R. is projected to these mines. Lonaconing, p. v., Alleghany co. Situate on the w. bank of George’s cr., and on the Prostburg and Western post-road, 18 m. s. w. of Cumberland, and 184 n. w. of An- napolis. A wooden track rail-road, 3 feet wide, leads hence to Eckart’s R. R., about 8 m., and thence to Cumberland by the lat- ter and Mt. Savage R. R. A rail-road is also projected hence to Western Port. Lonaconing Rail-Road, Alleghany co. This rail-road, as projected, will extend from Lonaconing southward to the Poto- mac r., which it will reach immediately w. of the mouth of George’s creek, and opposite Western Port. Length, 7 miles. London Town, v., Anne Arundel co. Situate on the w. side of South r., 5 m. s. w. of Annapolis. Long Green Academy, p. o., Baltimore co. Situate in Long Green Valley, north of Great Gunpowder Falls, 14 m. n. e. of Bal- timore city, and 52 m. n. of Annapolis. Long Marsh, p. o., Queen Anne co. Sit- uate to the e. of Tuckahoe cr., 14 m. n. e. of Centreville, and 51 e. n. e. of Annapo- lis. Long Old Fields, p. o., Prince George co. Situate on the Washington post-road, 8 m. w. of Upper Marlboro’, and 31 m. w. of Annapolis. Louistown, v., Talbot co. Situate on the w. sid6 of Tuckahoe cr., 5 m. n. of its con- fluence with Choptank r. Love Point, Queen Anne co. The most northerly cape or headland of Kent island. Love’s, Baltimore co. A station on the Balt, and Susquehanna R. R., 20 m. n. of Baltimore city. Lower Marlboro’, p. v., Calvert co. Situate on the e. side of Patuxent r., 38 m. above its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, 13 m. n. n. w. of Prince Frederick Town, and 41 s. w. of Annapolis. McKinstry’s Mills, p. o., Carroll co. Situate on Dickinson’s cr., 7 m. s. w. of Westminster, and 68 n. w. of Annapolis. Magnolia, p. v., Harford co. Situate on the line of the Philadelphia, "Wilmington [ and Baltimore R. R., 18 m. e. of Baltimore. 12 s. of Bel-Air, and 46 n. n. e. of An- napolis. Magathy River, Anne Arundel co. A considerable stream, confluent with Chesa- peake Bay, between Stony and Sandy points. Manchester, p. v., Carroll co. Situate at the head waters of Big Pipe cr., in the hilly region of Parr’s Ridge, 10 m. n. n. e. of Westminster, and 60 n. w. of Annapolis. A fine wheat and grazing country sur- rounds the village. In 1850 it contained 507 inhabitants, only two of whom were colored persons. A good road leads direct to Baltimore. Distant s. s. e. 32 miles. Manokin Neck. A peninsula lying be- tween Manokin r. and Monie cr., termin- ating in Haines’ Point. Manokin River, Somerset co. A large creek or estuary of Chesapeake Bay, at the head of which is located Princess Ann, the county capital. Marriottsville, p. v., Howard co. Situ- ate on the s. side of Patapsco r., and on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 29 m. w. of Baltimore city, and 47 n.*w. of Anna- polis. Marshy Hope Creek, Dorchester co. A large cr. of Nanticoke r., from the n. It rises in Delaware. Maryland Line, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate on the n. line of the county and state, 32 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 62 n. of Annapolis. The Baltimore and Har- risburg, Pa., post-road passes through the village. Massey’s Cross Roads, p. o., Kent co. Situate equi-distant between Sassafras and Chester rivers, 3 m. w. of Delaware state line, 21 m. e. n. e. of Chestertown, and 56 n. e. of Annapolis. Matthew’s Store, p. o., Howard co. Situate on the post-road, 3 m. s. w. of Cooksville, and 16 w. of Ellicott’s Mills. Meadow Mountain, Alleghany co. A ridge of the Alleghanies. Mechanicstown, p v., Frederick co. Sit- uate on the w. side of Hunting cr., and at the foot of Catoctin Mountain, where the road passes through Harmon’s Gap, 14 m. n. of Frederick city, and 89 n. w. of An- napolis. Mechanicsville, v., Montgomery co. Situate in a hilly region, at the head waters of Rock cr., 8 m. n. e. of Rockville, and 64 w. n. w. of Annapolis. Melvale, v., Baltimore co. Situate on the w. side of J ones’ Falls, and on the lino of the Balt, and Susquehanna R. R., 4 m. n. of Baltimore city. Michaelsville. p. v., Harford co. Situ* MID MON ate two miles e. of Bush r., 15 m. s. e. of Bel- Air, and 60 n. by e. of Annapolis. Middlebrook Mills, p. v., Montgomery co. Situate on Seneca cr., 10 m. n. w. of Rockville, and 66 w. of Annapolis. Middleburgh, p. v., Carroll co. Situate between Sam’s cr. and Big Pipe cr., 2 m. from their junction, 13 m. w. of Westmin- ster, and 7S n. w. of Annapolis. Middle Point, Somerset co. A point midway between Cape Henlopen and Che- sapeake Bay, and the initial point of the tangent line of Mason and Dixon’s Sur- vey. Middle River, Baltimore co. An inlet of Chesapeake Bay. Middle River Neck, Baltimore co. A large indented neck of land n. of Middle r., and bounded on the e. and n. by Gunpow- der r. and Bird’s r. Middletown, v., Dorchester co. Situate e. of Transquaking cr., 12 m. e. s. e. of Cambridge. Middletown, p. v., Frederick co. Situate on the e. side of Catoctin cr., and on the Hagerstown turnpike, 9 m. w. of Frederick city, and 83 n. w. of Annapolis. Middle cr. joins Catoctin r. immediately N. of the village. Middletown, v., Baltimore co. Situate near the head of Gunpowder Falls, 2 m. s. of the Pennsylvania state line, 30 m. n. of Baltimore, and 60 n. of Annapolis. The Balt, and Susquehanna R. R. passes about one mile eastward of the village. Milestown, p. v., St. Mary’s co. Situate three or four miles e. of Wicomico r., and 19 m. n. w. of Leonardtown. Miller’s Island, Baltimore co. A small island in Patapsco r., at the mouth of Back cr. Millersville, p. v., Anne Arundel co. Situate w. of Severn r., 10 m. n. w. of Annapolis, and on the line of the Annapo- lis and Elkridge R. R. Mill Green, p. o., Harford co. Millington, p. v., Kent co. Situate on the n. side of Chester r., 18 m. e. of Ches- tertown, and 53 n. e. of Annapolis. It is a flourishing village, and has an excellent aca • demy. Mill Mont, v., Calvert co. Distant 9 m. from St. Leonard’s, and 16 from Prince Frederick Town. Milton Hill, p. o., Charles co. Situate 7 m. from Allen’s Fresh, p. o., and 16 from Port Tobacco. Monkton Mills, p. v., Baltimore co. Situ- ate on Great Gunpowder Falls, and on the line of the Balt, and Susquehanna R. R., 22 m. n. of Balt., and 52 n. of Annapolis. Monie Creek, Somerset co. A large creek, emptying into the estuary of Wico- mico r. Monocacy River, Frederick co. This fine river, with its numerous branches, spreads over all the central and eastern portions of the county, into Carroll county, and north- ward into Pennsylvania, occupying the whole region between Catoctin Mountain and Parr’s Ridge. Its main stream has a course almost directly s.. through the middle of Frederick county, and falls into Potomac r., about 3 m. s. w. of Sugar Loaf Moun- tain. Monrovia, p. v., Frederick co. Situate on the n. side of Bush cr., 8 m. from its confluence with Monocacy r., 12 m. s. e. of Frederick city, and 71 n. w. of Annapolis. The Balt, and Ohio R. R. passes through the village ; distant 50 m. w. of Baltimore city. Montell’s, Baltimore co. A station on the Westminster Branch R. R., 11 m. n. of Baltimore city. MONTGOMERY COUNTY lies between the Patuxent and Potomac rivers, and is bounded north-west by Frederick, and south-east by Prince George and the District of Columbia. It contains an area of 281,600 acres. The surface in the northern part of the county is hilly, and numerous fine creeks flow from it in every direction. Seneca creek, Rock creek, and the tributaries of the Eastern Branch of Potomac river, which rise from this region, and flow southward, drain the greater portion of the county, and have excellent mill sites. The streams flowing to the Monocacy and Patuxent are short, and comparatively of little volume. Pure and good water is everywhere abundant. The soil is various, some very thin and sterile, and some rich and fertile. It has been greatly reduced by an exhausting system of cultivation, but of late years has been improved by careful tillage. The climate is temperate and genial to general agriculture, and the winters are seldom too cold for out-door cattle-feeding. Oak in all its varieties, hickory, poplar, chestnut, pine, walnut, birch, maple, sycamore and ash constitute the timber growths ; and wheat, Indian corn, oats and tobacco its chief products. Gneiss, serpentine, red sandstone intermixed with shale, limestone, trap and quartz, are the prevailing rock for- mations. “Entering Montgomery county from the north-west,” says the census of 1850, u red sandstone makes its appearance, and is extensively quarried near the mouth of Seneca creek ; it is succeeded by argilites, and within a short distance of Rockville by 248 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. I. D. FORMAN. JOHN L. SICKEL. BUSHROD T. PERRY. HENRY KRONATJ. FOHMAlf, SICKEL & CO. SUCCESSORS TO JACOB TRUST, IMPORTERS OF FRENCH, GERMAN, AND ENGLISH m n M AND DEALERS IN WATCHES, JEWELRY, CUTLERY, &C. No. 312 Baltimore Street. MARSH ®Ss €30. MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN lure® 9 ^ 9 MATS, PAILS, TUBS, J 9 No. 113 LOMBARD STREET. JAHES PAWLEY, JR., & BRO. No. 18 SOUTH CALVERT STREET, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN AND QUEENS WARE, LOW FOR CASH, OR APPROVED PAPER J££TStone Ware at Factory prices. RICHARD MURDOCK MANUFACTURER OF IMPROVED I M U 111! iiiiil Adapted to all the wants of Business, as Railroad, Track and k Depot, Hay, Coal, Mill, Factory , Warehouse and Store. DORMANT AND PORTABLE SCALES Of all sizes; Also, Counter Balances, Spring and Patent Balances and Appli- ances, Scale Beams, &c. No. 46 South Charles Street. MON MON the serpentine formation, containing beds of chromiferous iron. This is the centre of a group of primary rocks, which occupies nearly the whole of the county ; the rocks of this group are principally granitic. Gneiss, horn-blende rocks, micaceous and talcose slates of chromiferous iron, which are used for the production of pigments and dyes, and ores of manganese are found.” “ A gold mine was discovered in this county in 1848, and is now worked with some profit.” This county was organized 6th Sept., 1776, by the convention that formed the first Constitution of the state. It was taken from Frederick, and named after the gallant soldier who, in the year previous, had fallen under the walls of Quebec. Previous to 1748, Montgomery had formed a part of Prince George county, and was settled by the natural extension of population from St. Mary’s of the Potomac. The earliest grants of land attested by legal records, are dated 1685, and, from the names of the grantees and other circumstances, it would appear that the first white inhabitants were natives of Eng- land. In 1790 the population of the county was 18,003. In 1820 it was found to have decreased to 16,400 ; and in 1830, to 14,669 ; but in 1840, it was 15,456 ; and in 1850, 15,860. Of the population at the latter period, 9,435 were white persons, 1,311 free colored persons, and 5,114 slaves ; and of these, excluding the slaves, 9,758 were born in Maryland, 13 in other states of the Union, and 274 in foreign countries. Dwellings, 1,923 ; and families, 1,960; and in 1849-50, there were — births, 478; marriages, 64; and deaths, 287. Deaf and dumb, 7 ; blind, 16 ; insane, 13 ; and idiotic, 20. Slaves, fugitive, in 1849-50, nine. On the 1st June, 1850, the county contained 1,051 farms, covering 162,815 acres im- proved, and 111,122 acres unimproved lands, valued together at $3,084,361 ; and the value of farming implements and machinery was $134,179. The live stock consisted of 4,118 horses, 93 asses and mules, 4,519 milch cows, 724 working oxen, 3,523 other cattle, 9,780 sheep, and 16,332 swine, valued in the aggregate at $394,678 ; and the amount of wool produced was $28,961, and of butter, 245,297 pounds ; and the value of animals slaughtered in 1849-50 was $99,393. The crops of 1849-50 amounted to — wheat, 164,108 bushels; rye, 5,157 ; Indian corn, 396,947; oats, 168,240; barley, 56; buck- wheat, 6,083 ; peas and beans, 589 ; Irish potatoes, 49,399, and sweet potatoes, 121 bushels ; also hay, 8,588 tons ; clover-seed, 1,036 bushels, and other grass-seed, 49 bushels; hops, 170 pounds; flax, 5,510 pounds, and flax-seed, 701 bushels. The value of orchard products was $8,513, and of market garden products, $4,470. Wine, 75 gallons ; silk cocoons, 21 pounds, and beeswax and honey, 4,334 pounds, are also found among the productions of the county. The value of home-made manufactures for the year was set down at $9,802. There were, at the date before named, 80 industrial establishments in the county, with an aggregate invested capital of $137,810; consuming in the year raw material to the value of $219,372 ; employing on the average of 179 males and 63 females, at an average monthly cost of $3,870; and producing goods to the value of $331,167 in the year. Two-fifths of the capital was invested in milling operations, and one-fourth in the manu- facture of Cotton and wooL The following are the details of the principal occupations : Business. No. Capital. Hands. Value of Products. Agricul .•implements ...... Blacksmiths 3,000. 25 Cotton Factory 1 20,000 70 Woolen Factories 15,200 Mills flnnr 6 25,050 “ grist “ saw 15 12,050 Tanneries 3 3,900 And besides these there were in operation 2 boot and shoe factories, 1 cooperage, 1 en- graving office, 1 bone mill, 2 clover mills, 1 paper mill, 1 sumac mill, 1 saddlery, 1 stone quarry, and 1 tin shop. The gold mine before alluded to employed 7 hands, and pro- duced in the year $1,596. The average wages to a farm-hand with board is $8 a month; to a day-laborer 75 cents, or with board, 50 cents ; to a carpenter, $1 25 a day ; and to a female domestic with board $1 a week. The price of board for laboring men is $1 75 a week. The value of real and personal property in 1850 amounted to $4,523,800, and the taxes assessed thereon to $26,246; of which sum $13,128 was state tax, and $13,128 county tax. The number of paupers supported in the year ending 1st June, 1850, was 118; of 250 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. L M. SINGER & CO’S No. 105 BALTIMORE STREET. THE HIGHEST PREMIUM, A GOLD MEDAL. WAS AWARDED THIS MACHINE AT THE LATE 'EP.£k£SZS2S3 L33 SS IS H3 52 'O* 52 CE> SS' 9 AND IT IS UNIVERSALLY ACKNOWLEDGED The Improvements lately added to these Machines, whereby they execute double the amount of work they could formerly in a day. and so much belter, place them beyond competition in every respect. They are, without question, the only machines capable of sewing every variety of goods perfect. They sew the finest linen, as also cloth and leath* r, in such a manner that the closest scrutiny cannot detect a fault. No planter or family should be without one. Manufacturers of ail kinds of sewn goods will find in them a very profitable investment. X. TVT_ SINTGER Sz CO. Principal Office, No. 323 Broadway, N. Y. M O N NAS which 99 remained charged on the public at that date. Only one criminal was convicted during the year. From the educational statistics of this county we learn that the number of primary and public schools was, on the 1st June, 1850, thirty-four , with the same number of teachers, and 750 scholars; annual cost, $8,006, of which $3,007 was received from public funds, and $4,999 from other sources ; and that the number of academies and other schools was 6, with 10 teachers and 160 pupils ; annual cost, $6,530, of which $1,000 was received from public funds, and $5,470 from other sources. The whole number of individuals that attended school in 1849-50 was 1,264. Only one newspaper is published in the county, and only 8 libraries, containing 1,657 vols., exist therein. Adults, who cannot read and write, numbered 1,638; namely, 1,152 white adults, and 486 free colored adults. These facts exhibit many cogent reasons for an immediate reformation in school matters. Of 4,714 adults, white persons, 1,152 can neither read nor write! and of 575 adult free colored persons, 486 labor under the same disability ! There were 37 churches in the county in 1850, with accommodations for 8,450 persons, and valued at $35,350 ; of these 4 belonged to the Baptists, 4 to the Episcopalians, 1 to the Friends, 18 to the Methodists, 4 to the Presbyterians, 4 to the Roman Catholics, and 2 to the Union or Free Church. Rockville is the county, seat of justice, and the following are the principal villages and post-offices — Barnesville, Brookville, Clarksburgh, Colesville, Cottage, Damascus, Daunes- town, Hyattstown, Laytonsville, Middlebrook Mills, Poolsville, Sandy Spring, Seneca Mills, Tnadelphia, Unity. Montpelier, v., Washington co. Situate on the e. side of Little Conecocheague cr., 13 m. w. of Hagerstown. Morgan’s Creek, Carroll co. Rises in two branches from the e. slope of Parr’s Ridge, and joins the n. branch of Patapsco r., of which it is the principal tributary, 6 m. above the forks. Mount Airy, p. o., Carroll co. Situate on Parr’s Ridge — a station on the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 44 m. w. of Baltimore city. Mount Olive, p. o., St. Mary’s co. Mount Pleasant, v., Queen Anne co. Situate on the e. county line, and about 2 m. w. of the Delaware state line, 18 m. n. e. of Centre ville. Mount Pleasant, p. o., Frederick co. Situate on the post-road, 6 m. n. e. of Fred- erick city, and 81 n. w. of Annapolis. Mount St. Mary’s College, Frederick co. Situate about two miles s. w. of Einmetts- burg, and 20 n. of Frederick city. T^he college is under Catholic auspices. In 1850 it had 10 professors or teachers, and 130 students. The Theological Seminary had 24 students, of whom 15 were studying the- ology, and nine philosophy and humanities. Mount Savage, p. v., Alleghany co. Situ- ate at the forks of the s. branch of Jen- nings’ Run, 9 m. w. of Cumberland, and 176 w. n. w. of Annapolis. A rail-road extends hence to Cumberland. The Mt. Savage Iron Works are located in this vici- nity. General surface of the county 2,100 feet above tide water. Mount Savage Iron Works, Alleghany co. Situate on Jennings’ Run, 10 m. w. of Cumberland, with which they communicate by the Mt. Savage R. R. Mount Savage Rail-road, Alleghany co. This road extends from the Iron Works at Mt. Savage, to Cumberland, 10 m. About 2 m. in length belongs to the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Company, and forms part of their general track. Myersville, p. v. Frederick co. Nanjemoy, p. v., Charles co. Situate on the w. side of Nanjemoy Bay, 15 m. s. w. of Port Tobacco, and 88 s. of Annapolis. It is a port, and enjoys a considerable amount of trade. Nanjemoy River, Charles co. An es- tuary or bay of Potomac r., a few miles to the w. of Port Tobacco. N anticoke River. A large stream, which, rising in Delaware, flows s. w., and enters Maryland at a point 7 m. n. of the s. w. corner of Delaware. It receives Marshy Hope cr., its principal tributary, 3 m. w. of the state line, whence the united stream flows into Fishing Bay, an arm of the Chesapeake, and in its course serves as the line of division between Dorchester and Somerset counties. It is navigable through its whole course in Maryland, and is a high- way of great use to the neighboring dis- tricts. Vienna, a port of entry, is the prin- cipal centre of its commerce and trade. Nanticoke Point. A head-land forming the e. side of the entrance to Fishing Bay, and opposite to Bishop’s Head, which forms the w. side. Naseongo Creek, Worcester co. A branch of Pokomoke r., its confluence with which occurs at a point about 2 m. s. of Snow Hill. It drains a large surface in the e. section of the county. 252 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. !VX^INJTTZP^5L.O r J?TJXlL3I3^, No. 18 SOUTH STREET, KEEPS CONSTANTLY ON HAND AND MAKES TO ORDER SOOTS INI SHOES .07 MEET BESGRIPTHOM OF THE VERY BEST FRENCH MANUFACTURE. F. ROLOSON & CO. | COMMISSION MERCHANTS. AND PACKERS OF inimntr anil TBiutcr covers, Preserving Kettles, Porringers, Tea s, Candle- ] Gridirons, Frying Pans, Coffee Mills, etc. -Table and Dessert Waiters sticks. Cake Bas- > IVORY TABLE CUTLERY. kets, Coffee Urns, ' Knives, with or without Forks; Knives and Forks in Napkin Rings, > dozens and j n se ts of 51 and 53 pieces; Game and Pickle Stands, > g ee f Carvers and Steels. These goods we have from Butler Coolers, ) t j ie makers known. l TABLE AND DOOR MATS— Oil Cloth Table a , t J ) Mats, Grass Mats, Chinese, Willow and French Mats, TuLtirH 4 noons \ Mats, Manilla, Sheepskin, Cane, Ambrosial and Po"« Soup l£ R0 ' )e D()0r MatS * dies. WOODEN WARE— Wash Tubs, Flour and Sugar ENGLISH ) Pails, Bairel Covers, Clothes Horses, Salt and Spice BRITANNIA > Boxes, Knife Boards and Boxes, Buckets, Butter WARE— Tea and \ Prints. Coffee Sets, Cof ) BRUSHES. — Feather Dusters, Furniture Brushes, fee Urns, Casters, ) Velvet, Sweeping, Wiping, Plate, Window, Shoe, Tea Kettles, Dish > Hearth, Crumb, Stair, Horse and Carriage Brushes. ) TRAYS > AND WAITERS COMMON TIN AND SHEET IRON WARE of ) every description, and Japanned Chamber Buckets, } Water Cans, Toilet Jars, Basins and Pitchers, Wine C V,' nil- ( >V Slier V^rlllS, iuilctjais, lirl&IIlO <111 —Gothic, Elliptic, > Coolers, Spittoons, Knife Boxes, etc Victoria, Albert, ’ 1 ’ _ ’ and Oval patterns ) BRONZED IRON GOODS— Hat Racks, Umbrella in dozens sets ) Stands, Marble Top Tables, Spittoons, Fenders, And- or singly, from 10 ] irons, Chairs, Settees, etc. 'to 30 inches. ) GAS FIXTURES— Chandeliers, Hall and Dining t rriTAT nonne /-v. of Annapolis. Park Head, p. o., Washington co. Situ- ate on the turnpike, 21 m. w. of Hagers- town, and 122 n. w. of Annapolis. Parker’s Island, Anne Arundel co. Sit- uate off the s. coast of the county, and forming the n. boundary of Fishing Bay. Lat. 38° 53 n., and long. 76° 41 w. of Greenwich. Parkton, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate on the n. side of Great Gunpowder Falls, where it is crossed by the Balt, and Susquehanna B. B., 28 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 58 n. of Annapolis. Parr’s Pidge, Carroll co. A low ridge of the Alleghanies, traversing the county in a n. e. and s. w. direction, and in its south- ern portion forming the line of division be- tween Frederick and Carroll counties. Partnership, p. v., Charles co. 10 m. from Port Tobacco. Patapsco Neck, Baltimore co. A penin- sula stretching between Back r. and Bear er., into Chesapeake Bay, and terminating in North Point. Patapsco Biver. Bises in numerous branches from the e. slope of Parr’s Bidge in Carroll county, which unite in the s. e. corner of said county, and thence continue in a direction s. e. and e. to a confluence with Chesapeake Bay, between North Point and Bodkin Point. It is navigable for the largest vessels to Baltimore city, which is situated on its n.. bank, 14 m. from its mouth. In its upper course it affords ex- tensive mill -power, which is chiefly appro- priated to flouring. The North Branch, Piney Branch, and West Branch, are its principal constituent rivers. Patuxent, p. v., Anne Arundel co. Situ- ate on the e. side of Patuxent r., 26 m. n. w. of Annapolis. Patuxent Biver. the longest river within the bounds of the state, rises in the n. part of Montgomery and Howard counties, and flowing s. e. 40 m. it turns to the s., and flows 50 m. in that direction, nearly paral- lel with Chesapeake Bay, until it enters a large estuary which is confluent with that great body of water, 18 m. n. of the mouth of Potomac r. Vessels of 250 tons navi- gate it to Nottingham, 50 m. from the bay, an I smaller vessels further up; but its upper waters are more suitable for mechani- cal purposes than for inland navigation. Perrymansville, p. v., Harford co. Situ- ate on the w. side of Bush r., and on the Balt, and Philadelphia B. B. 27 m. e. of Baltimore city, and 57 n. n. e. of Annapolis. Perrysville, p. v., Cecil co. Situate on the w. side of Susquehanna r., and on the Balt, and Philadelphia B. B., 38 m. e. ol Baltimore, 14 m. w. of Elkton, and 67 n. e. of Annapolis. Petersville, p. v., Frederick co. Situ- ate about 1 m. w. of Catoctin cr., and 3 m. n. of Potomac r., 11 m. s. w. of Frederick city, and 89 n. w. of Annapolis. Petersville and its district contained, in 1850, 2,351 inhabi- tants — 1.606 white persons, 136 free colored persons, and 609 slaves. Philopolis, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate on the w. side of Great Gunpowder Falls, 17 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 46 m. n. of Annapolis. The York Turnpike runs di- rectly through the village, and the Balt, and Susquehanna B. B. within 4 mile of it. The surrounding country is high and healthy. Limestone is found in every hill. The in- habitants, who are mostly “ Friends,” are entirely occupied in agricultural pursuits, and their farms, though small, are highly improved, and cultivated with the greatest care. The village itself consists of about 20 dwellings, built altogether of stone. There are several schools and churches in the neighborhood; and in the village is the “ Milton Boarding School” for boys, a flourishing and efficient institution. Popu- lation 200. Phcenix Mines are located near Western- port, on the Potomac, and cover an area of 22,000 acres. Capital of the company $2,000,000. The Baltimore and Ohio B. B. runs immediately in front of the property, and will become the means of introducing the coal and iron of this region to the mar- kets. Pig Point, v., Anne Arundel co. Situ- ate on the e. side of Patuxent r., opposite the mouth of its western branch, 21 m. s. w. of Annapolis. Pikesville, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate 2 m. e. of Gwinn’s Falls on the Westminster turnpike, 7 m. n. w. of Baltimore city, and 36 m. n. of Annapolis. A little s. of the village is a National Arsenal. Pop. 250. Piney Branch, Carroll co. A tributary or constituent of Patapsco r., which it joins in the s. e. corner of the county. It has its sources in the e. slope of Parr’s Bidge. Piney Creek, Carroll co. A tributary of Monocacy r., which it unites with, 5 m. s. of the Pennsylvania state line. Piney Creek, p. o., Carroll co. Situate on the cr. of the same name 22 ro. n. w. of Westminster. 256 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Ha. €3r ra GUI ILbBTT. -A- 3NT H> ificfaiasi! No. 56 E. BALTIMORE STREET. Balls and Parties supplied with Ice Cream, Water Ices, Charlotte Busse, Jel- lies, Blanc Mange, Cake, &c., with punctuality and at the shortest notice. He would also inform all persons who seriously contemplate entering the matri- monial state, that he is fully prepared to furnish them with Wedding Cakes, Or- Ornaments, Wines, Cordials, Confectionery, &c., at the shortest notice and on accommodating terms. B&mS'S ©MBS* ©MAIBSffS,' ©OHTBBTIOSB&Y, Carefully packed and sent to any part of the country, by Bailroad, Steamboat, Stage, Omnibus, or any other mode of public or private conveyance which may be desired. The Saloon is constantly open for supplying Ladies and Gentlemen with Tea, Coffee , Chocolate , Oysters , &c. MONTGOMERY & BRO’8 PATENT IMPROVED DOUBLE SCREEN MANUFACTURED AT No. 155 North Gay Street. STATE £ SBBftTY RIGHTS f J |Ri SALE. We sold 690 Fans in 1855, and are prepared to furnish TOO in 1856. Warranted the best Fans now in use for cleaning all kinds of Grain. IlliSIS For Cemeteries, Burial Grounds, Church Yards, Puplic Squares, Private Mansions, Hotels, &c., at reduced prices: say, from $1.50 to $2 per foot, all put up complete. NO EXTBA CIIABGE FOB GBANITE BLOCKS. No. 13 PRESIDENT STREET. PIN POR Piney Point, St. Mary’s co. A clear, open cape projecting into the Potomac r., which is here 8 m. wide, and much resorted to for bathing. Piscataway, p. v., Prince George co. Situate on the s. side of the river of the same name, 7 m. above its confluence with Potomac r., 16 m. s. w. of Upper Marlboro’, and 39 s. w. of Annapolis. Piscataway River, Prince George co. Rises a little westward of Upper Marl- boro’, whence its course is s. w. to Pisca- taway village, and then w. to the Potomac, which it enters at Fort Washington Point. The upper course of the stream is a mere creek, but seven miles of its lower course is a fine open estuary nearly a mile wide in some places. The depth of the Potomac, where it is joined by Piscataway r., is 72 feet. Pleasant Grove, p. o., Alleghany co. Situate in a hilly region, 5 m. e. of Cumber- land, and containing a church, school-house, tavern, blacksmith shop, &c. ; also, a manu- factory of “ Post-office stamps,” wood types, proof presses, &c. Population 80. Pleasantville, p. v., Harford co. Situ- ate on the e. side of Little Gunpowder Falls, about 6 m. w. of Bel- Air, and 20 m. n. of Baltimore. The location and climate have given origin to the name of the village — both are pleasant, and are said to communi- cate their charms to the inhabitants there- of. A pleasant correspondent from this pleasant spot, among other pleasant things, says : 11 the habitations (mostly frame ones) show the appearance of neatness and re- spectability. Saw and grist mills are doing profitable business, and churches and schools are well attended, but it would be difficult to give precise accounts of the population, as whatever course a stranger travels he will be impressed with the idea of a con- tinued village fostered by the smiles of intelligence and well rewarded industry.” The letter containing the above is one of the very few the compiler has received, from Maryland that does not complain of want of schools, bad farming, worn out soils, depressed manufactures and the like, one half of which, however, is nothing but the echo of the demagogism which would poison the mind against its own best inter- ests, and paralyze the hand intent on im- provements. Were a tithe of these com- plaints printed, the whole of Maryland would deny these statements in toto, and with in- dignation. Pleasant Hill, v., Charles co. Situate 6 m. n. of Port Tobacco. Pokomoke River and Bay. The principal branch of Pocomoke r. rises in the Cypress Swamp, on the Delaware state line, and proceeds in a s. w. direction about 70 m., being joined successively by Naseongo cr. below Snow Hill, and Dividing cr. on the Worcester and Somerset county line ; and falls into Pocomoke Bay, an arm of the Chesapeake, which it reaches on the south- ern line of the state. It is a fine stream, and navigable for small vessels to Snow Hill. Point Lookout, St. Mary’s co. Is the southern extremity of the Western Shore, and northern headland of the mouth of Potomac r. It is the site of a light-house. Point-of-Rocks, p. v., Frederick co. Situ- ate on the n. side of Potomac r., and on the line of Chesapeake and Ohio canal and the Balt, and Ohio R. R., distant 70 m. w. of Baltimore city, 13 s. w. of Frederick city, and 92 n. w. of Annapolis. Point-no-Point, St. Mary’s -co. A bold foreland projecting into Chesapeake Bay, about 8 m. n. of Point Lookout. Pomonkey, p. v., Charles co. Situate on the s. side of Pomonco, a creek of Potomac r. , 13 m. n. w. of Port Tobacco, and 67 s. w. of Annapolis. Poolesville, p. v., Montgomery co. Sit- uate in the w. part of the county, 4 m. n. and e. of Potomac r., 18 m. w. of Rock- ville, and 73 n. w. of Annapolis. Pool’s Island, Harford co. An island of Chesapeake Bay. about 4 m. s. of Rickett's Point of Gunpowder Neck. Poplar Island, Talbot co. An island of Chesapeake Bay, and forming the s. w. head land of Eastern Bay. Poplar Springs, p. v., Howard co. Sit- uate on the s. side of the West Branch of Patapsco r., and on the turnpike, 18 m. n. w. of Ellicott’s Mills, and 57 n. w. of Annapolis. Poplar Town, v., Worcester co. Situate at the head of Newport cr., 4 m. from Sinepuxent Bay, and 17 n. e. of Snow Hill. Port Deposit, p. v., Cecil co. Situate on the e. side of Susquehanna r., at the louver falls, 7 m. above its confluence with Chesa- peake Bay, 16 m. w. of Elkton, and 68 n. e. of Annapolis. It is a place of consider- able business, and has a population of' some 300 souls. Porter’s, p. o., Carroll co. Situate on the post-road, 9 m. s. s. w. of Westminster, and 67 n. w. of Annapolis. Port Republic, p. v., Calvert co. Situate on the post-road, 6 m. s. s. e. of Leonard- town, and 49 s. of Annapolis. Port Tobacco, co. seat and p. o., Charles co. Situate at the head of the estuary of Port Tobacco r., 8 m. n. of the Potomac r., 258 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. MRS. J. B. CORNER, SILK, MBS* LAWS, ft STISAW BO WETS, Fo 57 Baltimore Street, Three Doors East of High, Respectfully solicits the attention of the Tradp to h-r stock of Silk and Straw Bonnets, Trimmed and mr trimmed, which have been got up expressly for her first-class Retail sales, all of which she offers to Milliners and others at very moderate prices. J3T Jobs of every description repaired in the above line ; also, Silk manufactured into Parasols. P. B. always keeps on hand a large assortment of RAW MATERIAL, FOR WHIP AND UMBRELLA MAKERS. WHOLESALE MANUFACTORY OF ZF’XI'SrjE 6tnts’, lotos’ aittr S WAPS’ U A i§§ .A. UNT 3D CSriLITBMS, The largest assortment to be found in any house in the United States. LEVI PERKY, 177 and 179 Baltimore Street, 231 Lexington Street, And 137 Broadway. HTJMRICHOUSE & BANDEL, Grocers and Commission Merchants, 1ST O . SO COMMERCE STREET. PHAMCiS BEBHLEB, UMBRELLA, PARASOL, WHIP I SAME SB ZnALLS li UtflOiaUij No. 1 South Liberty Street. POT PRI 72 m. s. s. w. of Annapolis, and 32 s. of Washington, D. C. It is a depot for to- bacco, and hence its name. The village contains a court-house, the county jail, an Episcopal church, several stores, and about 60 or 70 dwellings. In its vicinity are the celebrated cold waters of Mount Misery. Potomac River, “common to both Mary- land and Virginia,” rises by two main branches, the n. and s. branches, near the Alleghany Mountains, and forms, by the n. branch, and through the greater part of its whole course, the boundary between the states of Virginia and Maryland. It is 550 miles long, and at its mouth between 7 and 8 miles wide. At Alexandria it is a mile and a quarter wide, 290 miles from the ocean. It is navigable for ships of the line 300 miles to the navy yard at Washington. The greatest tributary is the Shenandoah, from Virginia, 200 miles long, that carries nearly as much water as the main stream which it enters. The confluence of these two rivers takes place shortly before the passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge. This passage forms a grand and pic- turesque scenery, to view which Mr. Jef* ferson pronounces worth a voyage acros the Atlantic. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal is constructed along the bank of this river as far as Cumberland. The Potomac is 42 feet deep at its mouth, 30 at St. George’s Island, and at Alexandria 18 feet ; but at many places it is much deeper than at any of the points specified. Prattsville, v., Alleghany co. Situate on the Hancock turnpike, where it crosses Town cr., 14 m. e. of Cumberland. Prince Fredericktown, co. seat and p. o., Calvert co. Situate near the centre of the county, on the n. side of Parker’s cr.. 4 m. w. of Chesapeake Bay, 46 m. s. by w. of Annapolis, and 76 s. of Washington. It contains a court-house, the county prison, an Episcopal church, 2 hotels, 2 stores, 1 smith’s shop, 8 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. The buildings are principally of wood. There is an academy within half a mile of the village. The lands of the surrounding country have been much ex- hausted, but with a little industry might easily be redeemed. PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY is situate immediately north of Charles county, from which it is separated chiefly by Mattaworaan creek of the Potomac and Swanson creek of the Patuxent. The Patuxent river forms its eastern and northern border in its whole length, separating it from Calvert, Anne Arundel and Howard counties, and the Poto- mac river and the District of Columbia its western border ; the former separating it from Virginia, while the line of Montgomery county constitutes its northwestern border. Within these limits the area is 314,880 acres. The surface is agreeably diversified, and the soil rich and exceedingly productive, being constituted of the best loam and sand, in- termixed with clay. The underlying strata are shell-marl, and cemented sand, resem- bling sandstone ; and iron ore is abundant in some sections. In the loamy districts clover and plaster are the most commonly used fertilizers ; in other sections guano, lime, ashes, bone-dust, &c., are used with success. The chief agricultural products are tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, and rye. White, red, black and water oak, white and yellow poplar, hickory, ash, pine, cedar, gum, walnut, locust and chestnut, are the timber growths most common to the forests. The surface of this county is amply drained by the tributaries of the' eastern branch of the Potomac river, by the western branch of Patuxent river, and by Broad, Piscataway, and numerous other creeks. The county abounds with springs and brooks of pure water, and in many localities the waters are highly chalybe- ate. The climate is temperate, and the locality healthy, a large ratio of the population attaining to a good old age. That portion of the county bordering the Potomac was settled at an early period in the history of the state by emigrants under grants from its governors ; but it was not until the year 1695 that the county was organized. In 1790 it contained 21,344 inhabi- tants ; but on taking the census of 1820 its population was found to be decreased to 20,216, and in 1840 it had undergone a further decrease, having at that time only 19,539 inhabitants. In 1850 the population was 21,549, being a gain of only 205 in 60 years. Of this population, 8,901 were white persons, 1,138 free colored persons, and 11,510 slaves ; and of the population, slaves excluded, 9,354 were natives of Maryland, 417 of other states-; of the Union, and 268 of foreign countries. Dwellings, 1,875, and families, 1,875. Births, 575; marriages, 26; and deaths, 450. Deaf and dumb, 1 ; blind, 11; insane, 5; and idiotic, 20. Number of fugitive slaves in 1849-50, sixteen. The county contained in 1850, 885 farms, covering 191,553 acres improved, and 92,178 acres unimproved lands — together valued at $5,565,751 ; and the value of farming implements and machinery was $125,656. The live stock consisted of 4,245 horses, 567 asses and mules, 3,893 milch cows, 3,072 working oxen, 4,136 other cattle, 11,650 sheep, 260 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. ^A-UNTID WARD & FRANCE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL HOUSE 'FURNISHING STORE, No. 216 Pratt Street, BET. CHARLES & HANOVER, dilute higtj be W ebebtj bqheilj of Housekeeping Articles, SUCH ^ s PLAIN A m JAPAN* ED TINWARE, Block Tin fy Britannia Ware , C TT TLEE "'ST , WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE, with a great variety of Aia^a N. B — Roofing. Spouting and Jobbing in every va- riety. Country Merchants and ott ers are respectfully so- licited to call. Full satisf ction guaranteed in all respects. GRUPY & STANSBURY, CORNER WATER AND SOUTH STREETS, DEALERS TINT COD LIVER, AND Ne fs £ oi C£MI; TANNER’S TOOLS, &c. PRI PRI and 20,193 swine, valued in the aggregate at $492,650; and the products of animals were — 43,409 pounds of wool, 100,947 pounds of butter, 153 poiinds of cheese, and ani- mals slaughtered, valued at $103,351. The products of the soil were — wheat, 231,687 bushels; rye, 18,401 ; Indian corn, 693,020 ; oats, 67,286; barley, 43; buckwheat, 1,646 ; peas and beans, 1,004 ; Irish potatoes, 47,458, and sweet potatoes, 4,045 bushels ; also hay, 5,557 tons; clover-seed, 50 bushels, and other grass-seed, 20 Hishels ; and hops, 25 pounds. The products of the orchard were valued at $8,202, and of market-gardens at $13,281 ; and the production of beeswax and honey amounted to 250 pounds, and of wine to 10 gallons. Two-fifths of all the tobacco grown in the state is produced in this county ; the crop of 1849-50 amounted to 8,380,851 pounds. Home-made manufactures were valued at $1,820. The county has long been the seat of cotton manufactures, and has also several other branches of handicraft.. In 1850 it contained 28 industrial establishments, in which a capital of $428,379 was invested; value of raw material, &c., consumed in 1849-50, $285,244 ; average number of hands employed, 360 males and 348 females ; average monthly cost of labor — male, $5,595, and female, $1,776; and value of products, $414,859. Establishments. Number. Capital. Val. of Materials. Hands. Products Factories, cotton . . . . . $213,262 , ..555* ....8275 000 “ woolen 1 1,700 6,000 Furnaces, iron 1 .. 15,000... 14,412 .. 25 ... 27,000 Machine-shops 1 .. 65,000... 5,300 . ... 26,000 Mills, flour 2 .. 33,000... ... 40,294 “ gdst o 4,000... 7,000 8,800 “ saw 1 2,200... .. 10 7,000 Also 2 agricultural implement factories, 1 bakery, 7 blacksmith shops, 2 boot and shoe factories, 3 carpenter shops, 2 clothier shops, 1 saddlery. The cotton and woolen facto- ries, and the flour and grist mills are driven by water-power ; the furnaces, machine $hops and saw mills, use steam-power. Average wages — to a farm-hand, $9 a month with board ; to a laborer, 87 cents a day, or with board 62 cents ; to a carpenter, $1 25, and to a female domestic, $1 37 with board. Average price of board to laboring men $2 00 a week. The assessed value of real and personal estate in the county in 1850 was $11,711,254, (true valuation, $11,921,478;) and the taxes amounted to $18,283, of which $6,033 was state tax, $6,780 county tax, $2,800 school tax, $1,250 poor tax, and $1,400 road tax. The whole number of paupers supported during the year was 99 — of .which 14 were receiv- ing relief on the 1st June, 1850: cost, $1,570; and one criminal was convicted during the year. With a scattered white population of little less than 9,000, there were in 1850 only 8 pri- mary and public schools in the county, with 8 teachers and 240 scholars ; and 3 academies and other schools, with 4 teachers and 80 pupils. The number of children that had at some time during the year attended school, however, was 1,343 — 706 male, and 637 female. The number of white “ adults who canno.t read and write” was 404, and of free colored adults, 74. But one newspaper, circulating about 500 copies weekly, is published. The number of libraries owned in the county was 31, containing 13,605 volumes; and of these, 28 libraries, with 13,390 volumes, were private property, the others remaining be- longing to 3 Sunday schools. Church accommodation was, in 1850, provided for 8,750 persons, in 31 church edifices, and the total value of church property was $37,450. The Episcopalians have 12 churches,' with accommodations for 4,200 ; the Methodists 14 churches, with accommo- dations for 3,050 ; the Presbyterians 1 church, for 400 ; and the Roman Catholics 4 churches, for 1,100. The great thoroughfare of Prince G-eorge county is the Washington Branch R. R., which traverses the northwestern part, and besides this there are several good post-roads. Its extensive river borders afford outlets for its products seaward. Upper Marlboro’ is the county seat of justice, and the following are villages and post- offices — Aquasco, Beltsville, Bladensburgh, Brandywine, Buena Vista, Fort Washington, Good Luck, Horse Head, Laurel Factory, Long Oldfields, Nottingham, Piscataway, Queen Anne. 340 females. 262 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. G-EORG-E H. SIMMONS, SUCCESSOR TO JAMES LOGUE, DEALER IN Imported and Domestic Dry Goods, IS Cerise UVket Space, SIGN OF THE EAGLE, OPPOSITE MARYLAND INSTITUTE. Goods particularly adapted to the wants of Farmers will be al- ways found in the greatest variety . OI-IAS. IF". 2PXTT,, r^o. 12 Commerce street, DEALER IN AND IMPORTER OF SODA ASH. SAL SODA A. 1ST ID IS & €a Jk Wi AGENT FOR STRATTON’S PEAHL IN BARRELS AND BOXES. Also, constant supply on hand of INDIGO, in Cases and Boxes ; SOAPS, No. 1 and Common; PEABL BARLEY, in Kegs; SALERATUS, Barrels, Kegs and Boxes ; POTATO STARCH, in Casks ; YEAST POWDERS, CRUDE SPICES. JOHN W. MAXWELL, No. 140 North Calvert Street, OPPOSITE THE BALT. & SUS. R. R. STATION. EBMSSS BSMffiSSS, SMWIHMSip TOMBS AND GRAVE STONES, Of every description, constantly on hand and for Sale at the lowest Market Prices Cabinet Makers and Plumbers supplied with ffstsagaas itsas, OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. PRI QUE Princess Anne, co. seat and p. o., Som- erset co. Situate on the e. side of Mano- kin r., near its head, 16 m. e. of Chesa- peake Bay, 110 m. s. s. e. of Annapolis, and 150 s. e. of Washington, D. C. It contains the county court-house, county prison, three churches, several stores, and 120 dwellings, and has a considerable trade. On the whole this village is one of the neatest and cleanest in the state. Principio Creek, Cecil co. A stream from the n. falling into the estuary of Susque- hanna r. Principio Furnace, p. v., Cecil co. Situ- ate on the e. side of Principio cr., 13 m. w. of Elkton, and G7 N. e. of Annapolis. P v lesvilTjE, p. v., Harford co. Situate at the head of Broad cr., 7 m. from Susque- hanna river, in the midst of a flourishing neighborhood, where, besides agricultural pursuits, many of the mechanic arts are successfully engaged in. The village is 2£ m. from the Pennsylvania State line, 16 n. of Bel- Air, 30 n. n. w. of Baltimore, and 58 n. of Annapolis. It is composed of one flouring mill, one saw-mill, two stores, three workshops, and six dwellings, chiefly of stone covered with slate. There are several churches and schools within a short dis- tance. The celebrated Asbestos quarries are about half a mile distant, and 4 miles from the village are the extensive slate quarries of Peach Bottom. Quantico, p. v., Somerset co. Situate on the n. side of Quantico cr. of Han ti coke r., 15 m. n. of Princess Anne, and 93 s. e. of Annapolis. Quarter Run, Washington co. A tribu- tary of Antietam cr. from Pennsylvania. Queen Anne, p. v., Prince George co. Situate on the w. side of Patuxent r., 10 m. n. e. of Upper Marlboro’, and 14 m. s. w. of Annapolis. QUEEH ANNE COUNTY, situate on the Eastern Shore, is bounded n. w. and n. by- Chester river, which separates it from Kent county; e. and s. e. by Delaware State line and Tuckalioe cr., which latter divides it from Caroline county ; s. by Wye river and Eastern Bay, forming also the n. boundary of Talbot county, and w. by Chesapeake Bay. Its superficies contains an area of 257,920 acres. Kent, a large island of the Chesapeake, constitutes a portion of this county, and is notable as having been the site of the first set- tlements within the state. The surface is low and level, but the middle portions of the county are more elevated, and from these the slope is gradual to the border rivers. Numerous creeks flow from this water-shed, the largest of which is Corsica creek of Chester river. The water of the mainland is universally good, but on Kent Island brackish, from its proximity to the tide. The soil is somewhat varied, but mostly of the kind known as white-oak soil, with a red clay subsoil, and is well adapted to the cultivation of all grains and grasses. The lower portions of the county are peculiarly genial to the growth of wheat. Marl of a superior quality is abundant, and extensively used as a manure. The principal forest growths are oaks and hickory. No rocks are found in this region ; and, with the exception of bog- iron ore, and some earthy pigments, none of the useful minerals exist. Queen Anne was erected into a county by legislative authority in 1706. Its first set- tlements were those made by Claiborne and his companions on Kent Island ; but it was not until sometime after the arrival of the “ Pilgrims of St. Mary’s,” that the colonization of the mainland was commenced. In 1790, the county contained 15,463 inhabitants; but in 1820 it numbered only 14,952 ; and in 1840, only 12,633. In 1850, its population had again increased to 14,484, of which 6,936 were white persons, 3,278 free colored persons, and 4,270 slaves; and of the population, slaves excluded, 9,893 were natives of Maryland, 276 of other states of the Union, and 45 of foreign countries. Dwellings, 1,864; and families, 1,864. Births in 1849-50, 434 ; marriages, 67 ; and deaths, 324. Deaf and dumb, 12; blind, 4; insane, 15; and idiotic, 7. Fugitive slaves, 16. The number of farms in the county on the 1st June, 1850, was 936, covering 156,926 a-.res improved, and 48,603 acres unimproved lands, valued in all at $2,815,713; and the value of farming implements and machinery was $81,545. The live-stock consisted of 3,455 horses, 593 mules and asses, 3,333 milch cows, 1,478 working oxen, 4,376 other cattle, 8,168 sheep, and 11,619 swine, valued at $339,092 ; and animal products in 1849-50 were — wool, 28,730 pounds ; butter, 97,183 pounds; and the value of animals slaugh- tered was $75,909. The crops of the year had been — wheat, 173,003 bushels; rye, 9,614; Indian corn, 697,159; oats, 59,885; barley, 77 ; buckwheat, 646; peas and beans, 540; Irish potatoes. 20,959; and sweet potatoes, 3,782 bushels: also hay, 652 tons; clover-seed, 3 bushels, and other grass-seed, 18 bushels; hops, 134 pounds; flax. 610 pounds; and flax-seed,. 61 bushels; the products of the orchard were valued at $3,428, 264 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. MM HGSSU CO ALE & C TJ G-LE, & icMKass co i — na ci d GENTS FXJmsriS3&3:XI>TC3- GOODS, p SIEWSSIESp ®®sa®s, smOSFS, AND EMBROIDERIES, Sec. No. 287 BALTIMORE STREET. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN FOREIGN J^JSTJD DOMESTIC ^ Carpetinfifi, ®il Clutljs, JBattiHg, &r. Corner of Centre Market Space and Pratt Street. A. J. LYONS, L Bfl S. E. Cor. Park & Lexington Sts. Gives his personal attention to all kinds of Plumbing Work in town and Country. Keeps on hand Bath Tubs, Foi'ce and Lift Pumps, Water Wheels, Water Rams, Water Closets, Lead Pipes, Sheet Lead, Sheet Zinc, Hydrants, &c. QUE RID and of market-gardens, at $197. AVine, 57 gallons; silk cocoons, 11 pounds; and bees- wax and honey, 4,765 pounds, were also produced. The value of home-made manufac- tures was $1,820. The industrial pursuits of the county are limited to the local necessities, and in 1S50 were confined to 29 establishments, having only $42,060 invested capital. The value of raw material consumed was $68,870 ; average number of hands employed, 128; average monthly cost of labor, $2,167; value of annual products, $122,226. Nearly two-thirds of the capital invested belonged to bark, grist, and saw mills. Establishments. Number. Capital. Val. of material. Hands. Products. Blacksmiths. 2 ...$ 250.. & 249 4 $ 1,400 B cot and shoemakers.. 4 3,200... 5,691. Cabinet makers 1 400. .. 830 2,000 Clothiers 10 1,600 Coach- makers 2 1,900 15 11,050 Mills, bark 1,000 5 3,000 “ grist 13 64,992 kl saw...,....--.. 3 5,500 . . . 2,700 30 15,200 Saddlers, &c 1 '.800... 1 800 Wheelwrights 5 4,000... 2,100 21 7,974 Average wages — a farm-hand, with board, $8 a month ; a laborer, 37 cents, or, with board, 25 cents a day ; a carpenter, $1 50 a day ; a female domestic with board, $2 a week. Price of board for laboring men, $1 50 a week. The total value of real and personal estate in 1850 was $3,967,277, and the taxes as- sessed thereon, $35,513 — namely., $9,953 state tax; $21,056 county tax; and $4,504 school tax. The county supported, in 1849-50, 124 paupers, at a cost of $2,500 ; and the whole number of criminals convicted during the year was two. There were in the county on the 1st June, 1850, 30 primary and public schools, with 31 teachers and 729 scholars, and the cost of supporting these, in 1849-50, amounted to $8,423, of which sum $4,504 was derived from taxation, $3,669 from the public funds, and $250 from other sources. No college or academies are reported in the census. The whole number of children having attended school within the year, was 1,045, of which 589 were males, and 456 females. “ Adults who cannot read and write,” 731 white per- sons, and 1,541 free colored persons. Seven private libraries with 600 volumes, and one church library with 350 volumes, constitute the whole reserved learning of the county. Two newspapers are published at Centreville. The county had at the above date 23 churches, and church accommodation for 4,900 persons. Value of church property, $15,800. Of these, 5 Episcopal churches had accom- modation for 1,400 persons; 16 Methodist churches for 3,050 persons; 1 Presbyterian church for 200 persons ; and 1 Roman Catholic church for 250 persons. Centreville is the county seat of justice ; and the following are the principal villages and post-offices : — Broad Creek, Church Hill, Long Marsh, Queenstown, Suddlersville, and Templeville. Queenstown, p. v., Queen Anne co. Sit- uate on the s. e. side of Chester r., 12 m. from its confluence with Chesapeake Bay at Love’s Point, 8 m. s. w. of Centreville, and 26 e. of Annapolis. It is a place of considerable trade. Randallstown, p. v., Baltimore co. Sit- uate 3 m. n. of Patapsco r., 10 m. w. n. w. of Baltimore, and 40 m. n. w. of Annapolis. Rehoboth, v., Somerset co. Situate on the s. side of Pocomoke r., 4 m. from its mouth, and 12 m. s. of Princess Anne. Reisterstown, p. v., Baltimore co. Situ- ate 2 m. e. of the n. branch of Patapsco r., on the Westminster turnpike, 16 m. n. w. % of Baltimore city, and 46 n. w. of Anna- polis. Relay House, Baltimore co. A station on Balt, and Susquehanna R. R., at a point where Westminster Branch R. R. diverges therefrom, 7 m. n. of Baltimore city. Relay House, Baltimore co. A station on Balt, and Ohio R. R., at a point where Washington Branch R. R. diverges there- from, 9 m. s. w. of Baltimore city. Ridge, p. o., St. Mary’s co. Situate on the peninsula, terminating in Point Look- out, 23 m. e. s. e. of Leonardtown, and 98 s. of Annapolis. Ridge Hall, p. o., Baltimore co. Ridgeville, p. v., Carroll co. Situate on Parr’s Ridge, at the head-waters of w. branch of Patapsco r., flowing e., and of Bush cr. of Monocacy r., flowing w. The Balt, and Frederick turnpike passes through 266 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. THOfV! AS S Y Ml NGTON, IMPORTER ^ISTIO IDEA.XjER, I1ST Foreign «&? Domestic ^ ^ e ^ c ^' ,£S $>£ S Cathedral Street, near Biddle. WM. H. CRAWFORD, No. SO SALT PETRE, wml mmw, IEAST POWDERS, m cm„ sosa, Saleratus, outla Street; GROUND Ml CASSIA, CLOVES, 12 A 0 £1 g O-Ilsro-EIR, BROWN SOAP, Chemical Soaps. Pepper, &c. A. WORLEY & MUHXEY, PLUMBERS, ROOFERS, AND DEALERS IN HOT-AIR FURNACES, 02 9 Cooking and other Stoves, TIN AND SHEET IRON WORK • MADE TO ORDER. No. 30 Light Street. RID ST. M the village ; and the Balt, and Ohio R. R. a little n. of it; distant 44 m. w. of Balti- more, 17 s. w. of Westminster, and 66 n. n. w. of Annapolis. Ridge ville, v., Washington co. Situate at the w. slope of South Mountain, 11 m. N. e. of Hagerstown, and 114 n. w. of Anna- polis. Ringgold, p. v., Washington co. Situate near the state line, about 3 m. distant from Leitersburgh. Rising-Sun, p. v., Cecil co. Situate 3 m. E. of Octarara cr., of the Susquehanna r., 17 m. n. w. of Elkton, and 82 n. e. of An- napolis. Rock Creek, Anne Arundel co. A small cr. falling into Patapsco r., at Rock Point. Rock Creek, p. o., Somerset co. Rock Hall, p. o., Kent co. Situate on the w. side of Chesapeake Bay, a short dis- tance s. of Swan Point, 14 m. w. s. w. of Chestertown, and 68 n. e. of Annapolis. Rockland, p. v., Cecil co. Rock Run, Harford co. A creek of the Susquehanna. Rock Run, p. o., Harford co. Situate at the mouth of Rock Run, and opposite Port Deposit, 14 m. e. n. e. of Bel- Air, and 67 m. n. of Annapolis. Rock Springs, p. o., Cecil co. Situate on the n. w. corner of the county, 27 m. w. n. w. of Elkton, and 67 n. of Annapolis. Rockville, co. seat and p. o., Mont- gomery co. Situate on the w. side of Rock cr., a stream of the Potomac r., falling there- into at Washington, D. C., 16 m. s. of Rock- ville. Distant from Annapolis 56 m. w. It contains the usual county buildings, and about 60 dwellings. Rohrersville, p. v., Washington co. Situate at the base of Elk Mountain, in Pleasant Valley, 16 m. s. of Hagerstown, and 86 n. w. of Annapolis. Roman-Nose Mountain, Alleghany co. A short ridge of the Alleghanies, skirting the valley of Youghiogeny r., in the s. w. part of the county. Elevation above tide- water 3,109 feet. Romney Marsh, Anne Arundel co. A marshy peninsula on the s. side of Patapsco r., opposite to Baltimore. Rossburg, v., Prince George co. Situate on a creek of n. e. branch of Potomac r., 18 m. n. w. of Upper Marlboro’. Rossville, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate about 8 m. e. of Baltimore, and 38 n. n. e. of Annapolis, and on the line of the Phila- delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore R. R. Rowlandsville, p. v, Cecil co. Situate on the w. side of Octarara cr., about 2 m. from its confluence with Susquehanna r., 21 m. n. w. of Elkton, and 73 n. e. of Annapolis. Royal Oak, p. v., Talbot co. Situate on the neck of the peninsula formed by St. Michael’s r. and Tread-Haven cr., 7 m. w. of Easton, and 53 e. of Annapolis. Ruthsboro’, v., Queen Anne co. Situate on the w. side of Tuckahoe cr., 8 m. s. e. of Centreville. Sabillis ville, p. v., Frederick co. Situ- ate w. of Monocacy r., 24 m. n. of Frederick, and 95 n. w. of Annapolis. St. Augustine, v., Cecil co. Situate about the middle of the neck of land lying be- tween Bohemia r. and Back cr., 10 m. s. of Elkton. St. Clement’s Bay, St. Mary’s co. An inlet of Potomao r. St. Clement’s Island. Situate at the mouth of Wicomico r., and notable as the first place touched upon by the first emigra- tion in 1634. St. Clements, p. v., St. Mary’s co. Situ- ate at the head of St. Clement’s Bay, 6 m w. of Leonardtown, and 81 s. of Annapolis. St. George’s Island, St. Mary’s co. An island of the Potomac r., off the coast of this county at Piney Point. St. George’s River, St. Mary’s co. A stream flowing s. to the Potomac, which it enters at St. George’s Island. St. Inigoes, p. v., St. Mary’s co. Situate off St. Inigoes’ cr., an arm of St. Mary’s r., which it enters about 4 m. above the con- fluence of the latter with Potomac r., 18 m. s. w. of Leonardtown, and 105 s. of Annapolis. St. J oseph’s, v., Frederick co. Situate on the e. side of Tom’s cr., near Emmettsburg, 21 m. n. of Frederick city. The mother- house of the “Sisters of St. Joseph” is lo- cated at this place. The community here numbered in 1850, 118 members — 68 sis- ters, 40 novices, and 10 postulants ; and the number of establishments in the United States under their charge was forty. In distant missions 237 of the sisters were em- ployed. St. Leonard’s, p. v., Calvert co. Situate on the e. side of St. Leonard’s cr. and be- tween that and Chesapeake Bay, 8 m. s. s. w. of Prince Frederick Town, and 56 m. s. of Annapolis. It contains about 30 dwell- ings. St. Martin’s, p. v., Worcester co. Situ- ate at the tide-head of St. Martin’s river, 8 m. w- of Sinepuxent Bay, 24 m. n. n. e. of Snow Hill, and 131 m. s. e. of Annapolis. St. Martin’s River, Worcester co. A large inlet, with a number of small conflu- ents rising from the e. edges of Cypress Swamp. The Isle of Wight divides its en- trance into Sinepuxent Bay into two channels. 268 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. O. XX HINKS ^ OO, 41 S. Howar B ireet , near Lombard. E. & W. BENNETT Would particularly invite the at- tention of Merchants to the exten- sive assortment of lilillUlliV BiUxJJ Constantly on sale at their Factory. Our Establishment is the oldest and most extensive South, and enables us to offer Great Inducements totlie Trade* For the best quality and vaiiety of the above wares, we have received THE IEH T G- IHE EST PREMIUM At the Maryland Institute for the last six years. W. MESEBLL, Agent. 126 Baltimore Street, DEALERS IN 7*1 J^JSTJD T^inS^ravniZNTG-S, Silk, Twist, Thread, &c. for Sewing Machines. 2 Kg 3 8 g O ^ S ts g gg 0 H CO § Jd td o H H '• H 0 a 5^2 2 tea, s* CIS? ST. M ST. M ST. MARY’S COUNTY occupies the south-eastern portion of the Western Shore, from Wicomico river of the Potomac, and from Indian creek of the Patuxent, to Cape Look- out, being almost insulated by the finest waters of the state. Its southern coast has seve- ral deep indentations, or inlets, (rivers as they are locally called,) communicating with Potomac river ; and the coast facing on Chesapeake Bay and Patuxent river, though less broken, has materially the same characteristics. The interior is well drained by creeks flowing into these, some of which also furnish mill power. The whole area of the county is 201,600 acres. The surface is usually low and level, but in the north-west somewhat undulating. The soil is mostly a soft mould, composed of sand, loam, and vegetable de- cay, and is kind and productive, though it has been much exhausted. Marl is" abundant, and furnishes an excellent renovator, of which the farmers are now making considerable use. No rocks or mines worthy of mention are found in the county. The “ Pilgrims of St. Mary’s,” the original founders of the colony, landed at the site of the future city of St. Mary’s on the 27th March, 1634, and for many years that celebrated city was the colonial capital. In 1790, the county contained 15,544 inhabitants ; but in the interval to 1820, it had decreased to 12,974 ; in the year 1840, it was found to have 13,224 inhabitants ; and in 1850, 13,698, of which 6,223 were white persons, 1,633 free colored persons, and 5,842 slaves; and of the population, exclusive of slaves, 7,701 were natives of Maryland, 109 of other states of the Union, and 46 of foreign countries. Dwellings, 1,512 ; and families, 1,646. Births in 1849-50, 379 ; marriages, 54 ; and deaths, 275. Deaf and dumb, 13 ; blind, 11 ; insane, 17 ; and idiotic, 21. In 1850, the county contained 913 farms, covering 100,206 acres improved, and 107,652 acres unimproved lands, valued at $2,282,336 ; and the value of farming imple- ments and machinery was $70,125. The live stock consisted of 2,715 horses, 186 mules and asses, 2,657 milch cows, 2,652 working oxen, 4,664 other cattle, 7,399 sheep, and 14,690 swine, valued in the aggregate at $281,263. The products of animals in 1849-50 consisted of — wool, 19,774 pounds ; and butter, 71,950 pounds ; and the value of animals slaughtered was $86,107. The crops of 1849-50 consisted of — wheat, 156,369 bushels; rye, 486 ; Indian corn, 378,461 ; oats, 33,590 ; buckwheat, 79 ; peas and beans, 450 ; Irish potatoes, 9,447 ; and sweet potatoes, 7,390 bushels. Also, hay, 441 tons ; hops, 255 pounds; flax, 1,849 pounds; and flax-seed, 76 bushels; tobacco, 1,763,882 pounds; wine, 39 gallons; beeswax and honey, 3,994 pounds; products of the orchard valued at $6,262; and of the market-gardens at $50. The value of home-made goods, manufactured dur- ing the year, was $14,095. The manufactures of the county are confined to three branches, and are prosecuted in 11 establishments. Capital invested, $38,500; value of raw material, $56,000; average number of hands employed — males, 22, and females, 9 ; average monthly cost of labor, $259 ; value of annual products, $68,312. Establishments. Number. Capital. Val. of Material. Hands. Val. of Prod. Factories, cotton 1 810,000 $4,000 11 $7,000 Mills, grist 9 23,000 42,000 9 49,312 “ saw 1 5,500 10,000 11 12,000 Average wages — to a farm-hand, $5 a month with board ; to a day laborer, 37 cents, or 25 cents with board ; to a carpenter, $1 25 a day ; to a female domestic, 50 cents a week with board. Price of board to laboring men, $1 25 a week. The value of real and personal estate in the county, in 1850, was $3,972,100, and the taxes thereon, $21,246 ; namely — $9,504 state tax, and $11,742 county tax. The number of paupers supported in 1849-50 was 90, at a cost amounting to $1,931 ; and during the same year there was owe criminal convicted. The number of paupers receiving relief on the 1st June, 1850, was 13. There were only three libraries in the county, (so says the census,) owe a private library with 500 volumes, and two school libraries with 2,500 volumes ; and owe newspaper, the “ St. Mary’s Beacon,” published at Leonardtown. The college and school statistics, re- ferring to June, 1850, are as follows: Number. Teachers. Scholars. Annual Income College 1 3 55 $8,000 Academies, &c.... 7 11 115 2,200 Primary and public schools 24 24 494 2,372 The whole number that attended school during 1849-50, was 1,782, of which 921 were BALTI 3ML O IO. JE3 On Lombard & Concord Sts. and Jones’s Falls. Hill mu iiiii mu SIffiSI mini IMhiiii jiiiiiiiiiM iiiiiimiBpi 'f. lilllliiilBsa EGEBTON, DOUGHEBTY, WOODS & CO. Double Refined LOAF SUGAR, “ “ CRUSHED SUGAR, “ “ POWDERED SUGAR, Extra Fine. Double Refined GRANULATED SUGAR, B LOAF SUGAR, (A ) CRUSHED SUGAR, CRUSHED SUGARS of lower grades at prices according to Quality. mwwm €>m iromm mmmu. Refined White A, I “ (A) Refined White B, “ Yellow C. 3E S2S8F SYHUP By 5 bbls. 55 Cents ; 10 Half Bbls. 58 cts.; 20 Kegs 61 cents. For 20 or more bbls. 4 months or 3 per cent, discount for cash; less than twenty, 2 per cent.; less than five 57 cents cash. TERMS ; — For less than 20 packages Sugar, cash ; for 20 or more, 4 months’ credit, for approved paper, payable in Baltimore, or three per cent, discount for cash, if paid within ten days from date of bill. Unless limits are given, orders will be filled at Selling Prices when ready for delivery. NO CHARGE FOR PACKAGES. Instructions for Insurance, if required, must accompany each Order. Circulars containing Prices, &c., sent by Mail to any part of the Union by application. ST. M SEN males and 861 females, all white persons. “ Adults who cannot read aad write,” amounted to 1,855 white persons and 1,596 free colored persons. The county had in 1850, 21 churches, which together afforded accommodation to 5,850 persons : 6 Episcopal churches accommodated 1,700; 7 Methodist churches, 2,100; and 8 Roman Catholic churches, 2,050 persons. Leonardtown is the county seat of justice, and the following are the principal Tillages and post-offices : — Chaptico, Charlotte Hall, Great Mills, Milestown, Mount Olive, Oak- ville, Ridge, St. Clement’s Bay, St. Inigoes. St. Mary’s, v., St. Mary’s co. Situate on the e. side of St. Mary’s r., about 8 m. above its confluence with Potomac r., 18 m. s. e. of Leonardtown. The site of St. Mary’s city, founded by the first emigrants, the “ Pilgrims of St. Mary’s,” 27th March, 1674, is a little s. of this. St. Mary’s River, St. Mary’s co. A large inlet of Potomac r., with which it unites at Cherry Point and St. George’s Island. St. Michael’s, p. v., Talbot co. Situate on the w. side of St. Michael’s r., 6 m. s. of Eastern Bay of the Chesapeake, 12 m. w. of Easton, and 57 e. of Annapolis. St. Michael’s River, Talbot co. A con- siderable inlet of Eastern Bay of Chesapeake Bay. St. Paul’s, v., Prince George co. Situate about 6 m. w. of Patuxent r., on the road from Piscataway to Lower Marlboro’, and 16 m. s. of Upper Marlboro.’ St. Stephen’s, v., Cecil co. Situate on the peninsula between Sassafras r. and Bohemia r., 22 m. s. of Elkton. Salisbury, p. v., Somerset co. Situate on Hie e. side of Wicomico r., on the e. line of the county, 14 m. n. n. e. of Princess Anne, and 95 s. e. of Annapolis. Saltpetre Creek, Baltimore co. A stream from the w. shore falling into Gunpow- der r. Sam’s Creek, Frederick co. A large tributary of Monocacy r., forming in part the e. boundary of the county. Sam’s Creek, p. o. Carroll co. Situate on the e. side of Sam’s cr., at the crossing of the Frederick and Baltimore post-road, 9 m. w. of Westminster, and 62 n. w. of Anna- polis. Sandtown Creek, Kent Co. One of the head streams of Chester r. Sandy Hill, p. v., Worcester co. Situ- ate on a creek of Chincoteague Bay, in the s. e. part of the county, 10 m. s. of Snow Hill, and 124 s. e. of Annapolis. Sandy Hook, p. v., Harford co. Situate on Deer Creek, 9 m. from its confluence with Susquehanna r. ; 6 m. n. of Bel- Air, and 46 n. n. w. of Annapolis. The vicinity has excellent farm lands, and is being improved rapidly ; and on the creek there is abun- dance of fine stone, of which the houses are mostly built. The place contains two churches and one public school. Popula- tion, 160. Sandy Point, Anne Arundel co. A cape of Chesapeake Bay, opposite Kent Island. The bay is here at its narrowest dimension. Sandy Spring, p. v., Montgomery co. Situate in the hilly region, two or three miles w. of Big Patuxent r., 10 m. n. e. of Rockville, and 60 w. s. w. of Annapolis. Sangrun, p. v., Alleghany co. Sassafras, p. v., Kent co. See “ Head of Sassafras.” Sassafras River. A large stream rising in Delaware, and flowing w., between Cecil and Kent counties, into Chesapeake Bay. Savage, p. v., Howard co. Situate on Little Patuxent r., in the s. w. corner of the county, 20 m. n. w. of Annapolis. There are extensive iron works in the vicinity. Savage Mills, Alleghany co. Situate near the confluence of Savage r., with the n. branch of Potomac r., 22 m. s. w. of Cum- berland, and 188 n. w. of Annapolis. Savage River, Alleghany co. A large stream draining the valley between Hoop- Pole Mountain and Great Savage Mountain, from both of which it derives its waters, and falling into the n. branch of Potomac r., about 2 m. w. of Lonaconing cr. Munro Run, Middle Fork, and Crabtree cr., are its principal affluents. The Balt, and Ohio R. R. takes the course of this stream to the junction of Crabtree cr. > Saw Mill Run, Alleghany co. An afflu- ent of Potomac r., rising from the slopes of Evitt’s and Warrior Mountains. It joins the Potomac a little w. of Old Town. Selby’s Port, p. v., Alleghany co. Situate on the w. side of Youghiogeny r., 3 m. be- low the Pennsylvania state line, 38 m. w. of Cumberland, and 214 w. n. w. of Annapolis. Seller’s Point, Baltimore co. A narrow neck of land projecting into Baltimore har- bor on the e. side thereof. Seneca Creek, Montgomery co. Rises in the northern highlands of this county in a thousand streamlets, which, uniting first into two and afterwards into one creek, flow into the Potomac r. All the western portion of the county is drained by this fine water-course. j BOOKS AND STATIONERY. T. NEWTON KURTZ, IJnblislifr. itfookselltr. Stationer, DEALER IKT AiO BLANK MJC0UST ®O0K MAIftJFAGTURER, No. 1-51 Pratt St. opposite Smith’s “Maltby House,” ©ALTTDIMIOI^iEp HS. HAS CONSTANTLY ON HAND AND FOR SALE, A FULL ASSORTMENT OF School, Classical, Theological, Juvenile and Miscellaneous 33 O O 3KL Us «. T. N. K. invites the particular attention of Country Dealers, Teachers and others to his unusually large assortment of SCHOOL BOOKS, embracing all the most Popular and Valuable Educational Works now in use, which he offers at the lowest wholesale prices. ALSO, BLANK ACCOUNT BOOKS Of every description, among which are Cap, Demy, and Medium, (half and full bound) Day Books, Cash Books, Journals, Ledgers, Record, Time and Roll Books, and a great variety of Memorandum Books. Having an extensive BINDERY, with ever } 7 facility, connected with his establish- ment, he is prepared to make to order promptly, all styles of Blank Account and Record Books, paged, and ruled to any pattern, and forward them to any part of the country. Books, Magazines, Music, &c., neatly bound in any style. ALSO, EVERY VARIETY OF STAPLE AND FANCY STATIONERY, Including a large stock of Letter, Bath, and Commercial Post, Foolscap, Writing, Drawing, Wrapping, Envelope, Printing, Plain and Embossed Note, and Fancy Colored HP AL JEP 2ES 3FK. S . A full assortment of the Publications of the MASSACHUSETTS SABBATH SCHOOL SO CIETY constantly on hand and for sale. Those of the AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL USIOSi also supplied to order. T. N. K. publishes the Standard English and German Lutheran Hymn Books, Catechisms, Liturgy, Prayer Book, Almanac, Ac., and is General Agent for the sale of all other LUTHERAN PUBLICATIONS. The Office of the OBSERVER” Is at the Store of T, N, K., where all business appertaining to the paper is transacted. Orders for Books of any kind, which can he sent per Mail at the rate of one cent per ounce, if the postage is prepaid, or for any article in the Stationery Line, will be promptly and faithfully attended to, if addressed to T. NEWTON KURTZ, No. 151 Pratt St., Baltimore, Md. The highest market price paid for R-AGrS — either in cash or trade. SEN SOM Seneca Mills, p. o., Montgomery co. Situate on Seneca cr., 1 m. n. of Potomac r., 11 m. w. of Rockville, and 23 m. above Georgetown, D. C. A mill seat with 10 or 11 inhabitants. Severn River, Anne Arundel co. Rises in several creeks a little north of the centre of the county, and after the union of these, spreads into a long and wide inlet of Chesa- peake Bay, into which it falls between Greenbury and Tallys Points, opposite Kent Island. Annapolis, the state capital, is located in a projecting headland near its mouth. Shade Mill, p. o., Alleghany co. Situ- ate on a branch of Youghiogeny r., about 18 m. w. of Cumberland. Sharktown, v., Queen Anne co. A settle- ment on Kent Island. Sharpsburg, p. v., Washington co. Situ- ate not far distant from the w. bank of Antietam cr., 14 m. s. of Hagerstown, and 97 n. w. of Annapolis. Sharp’s Island, Dorchester co. Situate in Chesapeake Bay, s. of the confluence of Choptank r. A light-house has been erect- ed on its northern point. Sharptown, p. v., Somerset co. Situate near the s. line of Delaware, 16 m. n. of Princess Anne, and 98 m. s. e. of Annapolis. Shawan, v., Baltimore co. Situate s. w. of Black Ro'ck Branch of Great Gunpowder Palls. Shawsville, p. v., Harford co. Situate in the n. w. part of the county, 16 m. n. w. of Bel- Air, and 66 m. n. of Annapolis. Shell Town, v., Somerset co-. Situate on the n. side of Pocomoke r., near its mouth, 14 m. s. of Princess Anne. Shrewsbury, v., Kent co. Situate about 3 m. s. of Sassafras r., and 12 m. n. e. of Chestertown. SfDELiNG Hill, Washington co. A ridge of the Alleghanies, near the w. border of the county. Sinepuxent Bay, Worcester co. A large sheet of water inclosed from the Atlantic by the sand beach called Assateague, or Fenwick’s Island. It is navigable only for very small craft. Sinepuxent Neck, Worcester co. A long narrow neck of land projecting into the bay of the same name, almost separated from the main by Trap cr. and Herring cr., be- tween the waters of which the construction of a canal has been proposed. Slaughter Creek, Dorchester co. A sound separating James’ and Taylor’s isl- ands from the mainland. Simpsonville, p. v., Anne Arundel co., 4 m. w. of Ellicott’s Mills. Smithsburg, p. v., Washington co. Situ- ate 5 m. e. of Antietam cr., in the midst of a fine agricultural district, 7 m. e. of Hagers- town, and 102 m. n. w. of Annapolis. In 1850 it contained 366 inhabitants — 348 white persons, and 18 free colored persons. Smith’s Island, Dorchester co. A long narrow island extending from Fog’s Point or Cagis Strait, nearly to Tangier Island. Less than one half of the island is within the limits of Maryland. Smoketown, v., Washington co. Situate on the w. side of Antietam cr., 10 m. s. of Hagerstown. Snow Hill, pt. of entry, co. seat and p. o., Worcester co. Situate on the e. bank of Pocomoke r., 25 m. above its confluence with the bay of the same name, 115 m. s. e. of Annapolis, and 155 m. s. e. of Wash- ington, D. C. It contains a court-house, the county prison, an academy, several churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Ton- nage of the district in 1850, 9,511 tons. SOMERSET COUNTY, situate on the Eastern Shore, lies between Nanticoke river which separates it from Dorchester, and Pocomoke river which separates it in part from Worcester county, and otherwise between Chesapeake Bay and the state line of Dela- ware. Its coasts are deeply indented with large bays and estuaries, into which several con- siderable rivers empty themselves. The Nanticoke traverses its whole n. w. border, and falls into Fishing Bay ; the Wicomico river and Monie creek also enter the same bay, but through a common estuary ; Manokin, Annemesix and Little Annemesix rivers further south enter the Chesapeake directly, and Pocomoke river, which bounds the county on the east, empties into the bay of the same name. All these rivers are navigable, more or less, and afford commercial facilities to their localities. The area of the county is 310,400 acres. The surface is low and level, and the soils are swamp, sandy marsh and pipe-clay. The muck-swamp soil is remarkable for its black color, light porous texture, and the large quantity of vegetable matter it contains. The pipe-clay soil is almost useless for produc- tive purposes, in its natural state, but susceptible of improvement to a high degree. The light sandy soil has a coarse gritty texture. The swamp soil affords rich pasturage. In the low lands the water is calcareous, and in the sandy or uplands it is pure like that of all silicious soils. In the latter region there are a few mineral springs. Barren Creek Springs, in the north corner of the county, have chalybeate, sulphur and magnesia water. The timber growths common to the county are white, Spanish, and post oak, swamp oak, 274 CUMBERLAND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. «F b HP* "^7%7"2E = S,JI^3j"!E3! Ei X d ? Baltimore St,, Opposite Savings Bank, Cumberland, Md, DEALER I3ST umi i Sfurclnj, yiiiii Wiiia A KT X) HI m % WATCHES CAREFULLY REPAIRED AND WARRANTED. T. L. BEALL & GO, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN m ROLLED & HAMMERED OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS, m &W&S3SE? HAILS & SPESS, COOK AND PARLOR STOVES, Corner Baltimore and Centre Streets, ©S33232a&&KS3, £2®. DEXTER’S HOTEL, formerly tihce as ^ ^ IF ®F w © The undersigned, recently of the National Hotel, in this city, having leased for a series of years this large and commodious house on Pennsylvania Avenue and Seventh St, } Washington, D. C, And having refitted and refurnished it throughout in an elegant and substantial manner, begs leave to inform his old friends and the public that it will be thrown open for the reception of guests on the 19th instant. , _ . .. . , „ ^ „ Having been engaged for a number of years as a caterer for the public, he has no hesitation in saying that it will vie with any other establishment of the kind in the United States. Washington, D. C., Nov. 13th, 1855. M. A. DEXTER. SOM SOU maple, pine, hickory, chestnut, dogwood, walnut, cedar, ash, cypress, magnolia, persim- mon, sassafras, beech and holly. The only useful mineral found is bog iron ore. The In- dian shell-banks afford large quantities of lime for fertilizing. Sea-weed, marsh-mud, and tnrf, are also used for that purpose. The first settlers in this county were from England, and the county was erected by order of the governor in 1666. In 1790 it contained 15,610 inhabitants ; in 1820, 19,579 ; in 1840, 19,508, and in 1850, 22,456, of which 13,385 were white persons, 3,483 free colored persons, and 5,588 slaves; and of the population, exclusive of slaves, 16,445 were natives of Maryland, 404 of other states of the Union, and 19 foreigners. Dwellings, 3,158, and families, 3,158. Deaf and dumb, 34; blind, 16; insane, 19; and idiotic, 10. On the 1st June, 1850, there were in the county 1,318 farms, covering 127,626 acres improved and 146,434 acres unimproved lands, valued at $3,140,325-; and the value of farming implements and machinery was $65,368. The live stock consisted of 2,367 horses, 338 asses and mules, 3,995 milcli cows, 4,074 working oxen, 6,646 other cattle, 10,477 sheep, and 25,204 swine, together valued at $381,127 ; and the products of animals were — wool, 28,928 pounds; butter, 99,473 pounds; and animals slaughtered, $112,490 in value. The products of the soil consisted of — wheat, 58,248 bushels ; rye, 340 ; Indian corn, 718,073 ; oats, 71,776 ; peas and beans, 2,380 ; Irish potatoes, 25,439, and sweet potatoes, 119,994 bushels; also hay, 7,082 tons; hops, 25 pounds; flax, 790 pounds, and flax-seed, 38 bushels. The value of orchard products was $1,713, and of market-garden products, $634. Beeswax and honey were produced to the amount of 16,533 pounds ; and home- made goods were manufactured to the value of $11,115. The whole number of industrial establishments in the county in 1850 was 90 ; the capi- tal invested therein, $109, 600 ; the value of raw material, &c., $96,775; average number of hands employed, 194 males and 6 females; average cost of labor, $3,276 a month; value of animal products, $175,350. The number of establishments engaged in the sever- al manufactures were — 1 bakery, 6 blacksmith shops, 5 boat-builders’ shops, 6 boot and shoe factories, 4 carriage factories, 2 woolen factories, 1 hat and cap factory, 3 flouring mills, 28 grist mills, 31 saw mills, 2 tanneries, and 1 tin shop. The following are the de- jails of the principal branches : Branches. N umber. Capital. Val. of material Hand*. Val. of Prod. Carriage factories ,..$11,500... $5,360 ...25 ....$15,420 W oolen factories *} 2,000.., 3,300 9 3,975 Flour mills 3 6,000... 4,400 3 5,860 Grist mills 28 35,000... 33,057 ...40 41,560 Saw mills 39,250... 33,028 ...54 51,535 Tanneries 2,500... 1,600 Average wages — farm-hands -with board, $6 a month ; day-laborers, 50 cents, or with b-\ard, 37 cents; carpenters, $1 a day; female domestics with board, 50 cents a week. Price of board to laboring men, $1 37 a week. The total value of real and personal estate in 1850, amounted to $3,303,935, (true valu- ation $4,129,919) and taxes assessed thereon $23,383, of which $8,516 was state tax, and $14,367 county tax. During the year 1849-50, 207 paupers w r ere relieved at a cost of $3,500, and on the 1st June of the latter year 196 remained a burden to the county. There is only one newspaper published in the county, and the census gives returns of not a single library of any description, either private, church or school library. The num- ber of primary and public schools on 1st June, 1850, was 45, each with one teacher, and attended in the aggregate by 821 scholars; and of academies and other schools 12, with 13 teachers and 273 pupils. The numbers classed “ Adults who cannot read and write,” amounted to 673 white persons and 645 free colored persons. The number of churches, in 1850, was 57, with accommodations for 24,015 persons, and the value of church property was $59,400. The Baptists had 6 churches, the Episcopa lians 12, the Methodists 35, and the Presbyterians 4 ; the average accommodations in each being for 300 to 500 persons. Princess Anne is the county seat of justice ; and the following are the principal vil- lages and post-offices: — Barren Creek Springs, Bell Mount, Fork Town, Kingston, Quan- tico, Bock Creek, Salisbury, Sharp Town, Upper Trappe, Whitehaven. South Millford, p. v., Cecil co., 16 m. from Elkton. South Mountain, Washington and Fred- erick cos. A well-defined ridge of the Alleghanies, forming the boundary between the two counties. South River, Anne Arundel co. A large estuary or inlet of Chesapeake Bay, wliich 276 CUMBERLAND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. DEALER IN 'CHES, Cl mist is® 'uuuiiu, uni vv niuj H 7 a ’j) m i& u 'ir xi.u2is Baltimore Street, near the Railroad, (£? Ip" !OT is is S3* 1© 9 Id) o Watches and Jewelry carefully repaired and warranted, YE1IOI HEBB, DEALER IN IF^iKTO^r A. 1ST ID DOMESTIC Carpeting, Jltatting, flaor & fable ©it flatly, McKAIG’S LARGE THREE STORY BLOCK, Baltimore Street, Cumberland, Md. THOMAS A. HOPKINS, ATTORNEY AT LAW, BALTIMORE STREET, BETWEEN THE NATIONAL HOTEL AND THE BRIDGE, 01X330.13 ear lan <3., 3VE<3.. JACOB BROWN, HTT 011 EI HI LAW, Sft&8«SV4& II « SAHWBftW, BALTIMORE STREET, FOUK DOORS EAST OF SAVINGS DBAJS TK, ©(LOtMUBEK-LAlNllDg [MIPb sou TAL it enters at Thomas’ Point, on which there is a light-house. South River, p. o., Anne Arundel co. Situate on the river of same name, 8 m. s. of Annapolis. Spesutie Island, Harford co. An island of considerable extent in Chesapeake Bay, about 6 m. s. of the confluence of Susque- hanna r., and about a mile distant from the e. coast of the county. Spry’s Island, Baltimore co. A small island at the mouth of Gunpowder r. Sudlersville, p. v., Queen Anne co. Sit- uate on the w. side of the upper course of Tuckahoe cr., 16 m. n. e. of Centre ville, and 58 e. by n. of Annapolis. Sugarloaf Mountain, Frederick co. A conspicuous elevation near Monocacy r., in the s. part of the county. It is the south- ern termination of the ridge called Catoctin Mountain, traversing in a N. and s. direc- tion. Sugar Run, Alleghany co. A tributary of Town cr. Swallow Falls, Alleghany co. These falls of the Youghiogeny r ; occur near the mouth of Herndorn cr., in the s. w. part of the county. The general elevation of the country in the vicinity is 2,390 feet above tide-water. Swan Creek, Harford co. A large inlet, with several affluent streams, situate on the s. e. coast of the county. Swan Neck, Harford co. A large pen- insular tract between Bush r. and Swan cr. Swan Point, Kent co. A head land of Chesapeake Bay, being the most westerly projection of the county. Swanton, v., Alleghany co. Situate on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 41 m. s. w. > of Cumberland. Elevation 2,272 feet above tide-water. Swantown, v., Kent co. Situate be- tween Swan and Saw Mill creeks of Sassa- fras r., 21 m. n. e. of Chestertown. Sweet Air, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate in the midst of a fine country, 16 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 45 n. of Annapolis. Sykesville, p. v., Carroll co. Situate on the n. side of the West Branch of Patapsco r., and on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 32 m. w. of Baltimore, and distant 15 m. s. of Westminster, and 61 n. n. w. of Annapolis. TALBOT COUNTY, situate on the Eastern Shore, and containing 215,040 acres, lies between Chesapeake Bay and Choptank river. Its coast towards the Chesapeake is very irregular, and deeply indented with inlets and estuaries, forming the land into peninsulas and islands. The Wye river separates it from Queen Anne county. The principal streams within the county are St. Michael’s river, Treadhaven creek and Broad creek. The surface is generally low and level, and the preponderating soils are red clay and that called white oak, both of which are very fertile. Few rocks exist in any part, but marl- shell lime, swamp-muck, M5m CUMBERLAND, MD. On the Balt. & Ohio R. R. Midway between Baltimore and the Ohio River. TAN TOW The county contained in 1850, 36 industrial establishments, and the capital invested in manufactures amounted to $54,600; value of raw materials consumed, $63,460 ; average number of hands employed — 149 males and 31 females; average monthly cost of male labor, $2,819, and of female labor, $119 ; value of annual products, $119,050. Milling is the most prominent branch, and in eleven mills — 6 flour and 5 grist — one-half the manu- facturing capital of the county is invested. Ship-building employed 34 hands ; carriage- making, 19 ; agricultural implement making. 14, &c. Average wages — a farm-hand with board, $7 00 a month ; a day -laborer, 37 cents, or with board, 25 cents ; a carpenter, $1 25 ; a female domestic, $1 00 a week with board. The price of board for a laboring man, $2 a week. The total value of real and personal estate in the county was, in 1850, $4,541,295, and the taxes thereon, $50,226, of which $11,033 was state tax, $27,844 county tax, and $11,349 school tax. The number of paupers relieved during the year past was 41, at a cost of $1,000, and of these 39 remained on the lists on 1st June, 1850; and the number of criminals convicted was 3, and the same were undergoing sentence at the latter period. There were in 1850 eight libraries in the county, containing 13.400 volumes, all of which were owned as private property ; and two newspapers were issued weekly at Easton. The number of primary and public schools at the above date was 30, with 32 teachers and 985 scholars, the yearly income of which was in the aggregate $11,419 ; and 2 academies, with 5 teachers and 78 pupils — yearly income, $7,200. The whole number of persons attending schools in the year past was 1,114 — 602 males and 512 females. Of persons classed as “Adults who cannot read and write,” there were 309 — 146 males and 163 females, all white persons, the statistics of the free colored not being stated in the census returns, as for most other counties. The statistics of churches return 28 church buildings for the county. These were capable of accommodating 11,720 persons, and were valued at $59,277 : one was Baptist, with accommodations for 80 persons ; 5 Episcopal, for 1,840 ; 2 Friends, for 1,050 ; 19 Methodist, for 8,800 ; 1 Roman Catholic, for 250. Easton is the county seat of justice, and the following are the principal villages and post-offices — Bay Hundred, Oxford, Royal Oak, St. Michaels, Trappe, Wye Mills. Taneytown, p. v., Carroll co. Situate on the s. side of Piney cr., about 5 m. above its confluence with Monocacy r., and on the turnpike, 14 m. n. w. of Westminster, and 71 n. w. of Annapolis. It contains several mills and iron works, and in 1850 its popu- lation was 279 — 263 white persons, and 16 free colored persons. Taylor, p. v., Harford co. Taylor’s Island, p. o., Dorchester co. An island of sand, near 16 m. s. w. of Cambridge. Taylor’s Island, Dorchester co. An island of considerable size, separated from the main land by Slaughter’s cr. Taylorsville, p. v., Anne Arundel co. Situate on the w. side of West Branch of Patuxent r., 4 m. n. w. of Upper Marlboro’, and 126 s. w. of Annapolis. Templeville, p. v., Queen Anne co. Situate near Delaware state line, 18 m. n. e. of Centreville, and 57 e. by n. of Annapolis. Texas, v., Baltimore co. Situate on the line of the Balt, and Susquehanna R. R., 13 m. n. of Baltimore city. Thomas Point, Anne Arundel co. A cape or headland at the north of the entrance of South r. into Chesapeake Bay. A light- house is erected at this point. Three Sisters, Anne Arundel co. A cluster of islands in Chesapeake Bay, so called. Tickton Creek, Washington co. A branch of Antietam cr., flowing w. from the slope of South Mountain. TiLGnMAN’s Island, Talbot co. An island of about 800 acres at the confluence of Choptank r. with Chesapeake Bay. Timonium, v., Baltimore co. Situate at the head of Jones’ Falls, and on the line of the Balt, and Susquehanna R. R., 11 m. n. of Baltimore city. Tobacco Stick, p. v., Dorchester co. Situate on the s. side of Little Choptank r., 10 m. s. w. of Cambridge, and 38 m. s. s. e. of Annapolis. Tom’s Creek, Frederick co. One of the principal branches of Monocacy r. Tom’s Run, Washington co. Rises among the springs of North Mountain, and flows into Little Conecocheague cr. Town Creek, Alleghany co. A long stream from Pennsylvania, which flows into the n. Branch of Potomac r., a few m. e. of Oldtown. Town Hill, Alleghany co. A ridge of the Alleghanies in the e. part of the county. Towsontown, p. v., Baltimore co. Situ- CUMBERLAND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 280 T IE-31 33 ADJOINING THE DEPOT, [MIA[Fl¥LAlNl®o ON THE ARRIVAL OF THE CARS. THIS IS THE BEST LOCATED MM XjST this city. No expense has been spared by the owner and proprietor to make the “Revere ” the House of this place. The rooms are large and airy. Passengers run no risk being left by the cars when stopping at this house. It is now, and, from the advantages of location, must continue to be the mealing point on that great thoroughfare, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Passengers step from the cars, under cover, immediately into the house, thus avoiding many inconveniences. Persons who desire to pass over the Alleghany mountains in day time, and enjoy the Mountain scenery, will find the “Revere” a pleasant lay-over point, and they can take the morning accommodation train. Cumberland is nearly central between Baltimore and Wheeling. The House is new and spacious enough to accommodate one hundred guests. Good porters are always ready on the arrival of the trains to take care of baggage. fis misMiM mMia Is well supplied with newspapers, and this is the only house in this city sup- plied with pure hydrant Mountain Water. SUITES OF ROOMS ESPECIALLY FITTED UP FOR FAMILIES. HOT COFFEE AND OYSTERS NEXT TO THE DEPOT PLATFORM. TR A WAR ate on the turnpike, 8 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 37 m. n. of Annapolis. Tracey’s Landing, p. o., Anne Arundel co. Situate on a cr. of Fishing Bay, 19 m. s. of Annapolis. Tramel’s Town, v., Frederick co. Situ- ate at the base of Catoctin Mountain, 10 m. s. w. of Frederick city, and about a mile back from Potomac r. Transquaking Creek, Dorchester co. A stream flowing s. into Fishing Bay. Trappe, y., Charles co. Situate 12 m. 8. w. of Port Tobacco. Trappe, v., Kent co. Situate about 6 m. s. w, of Chestertown. Trappe, v., Somerset co.' Situate on Wicomico cr., 6 m. n. of Princess Anne. Trappe, p. v., Talbot co. Situate n. of Choptank r., about 10 m. s. of Easton, and 54 e. s. e. of Annapolis. Trappe, v., Worcester co. Situate on Trappe cr., a tributary of Sinepuxent Bay, 19 m. n. n. e. of Snow Hill. Trappe, v. Worcester co. Situate on the e. side of Pocomoke r., 12 m. above its mouth on Pocomoke Bay. Treadhaven Creek, Talbot co. A large inlet emptying into Choptank r., from the n. n. e. Easton, the capital of the county, is located at its northern extremity. Triadelphia, p. v., Montgomery co. Situate on Big Patuxent r., 16 m. n. e. of Rockville, and 50 m. w. n. w. of Annapolis. Tuckahoe Creek, Talbot co. A principal branch of Choptank r. Turner’s Gap, Washington co. A pass of South Mountain, 12 m. s. e. of Hagers- town. Tuscarora River, (Big and Little,) Fred- erick co. A tributary of Monocacy r., from Catoctin Mountain. Union Bridge, p. v., Carroll co. Situate on Little Pipe cr., 11 m. w. of Westminster, and 67 m. n. w. of Annapolis. Union Meeting House, p. o., Baltimore co. Situate on Great Gunpowder Falls, 31 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 61 m. n. n. w. of Annapolis. Union Mills, p. v., Carroll co. Situate on Big Pipe cr., 10 m. n. of Westminster, and 65 n. n. w. of Annapolis. Uniontown, p. o., Carroll co. Situate near Pipe cr., 8 m. w. of Westminster, and 65 m. n. n. w. of Annapolis. Population 339, of which 17 were free colored per- sons. Unionville, p. v., Frederick co. Situate on a tributary of Linganore cr., 15 m. e. n. e. of Frederick city, and 67 n. w. of Anna- polis. Unity, p. v., Montgomery co. Situate to the w. of Patuxent r., 14 m. n. n. e. of Rockville, and 58 w. n. w. of Annapolis. Upperco, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate e. of the n. branch of Patapsco r., 21 m. n. n. w. of Baltimore city, and 51 n. n. w. of An- napolis. Upper Cross Roads, p. o., Harford co. Upper Hunting Creek, p. o., Caroline co. Situate on the creek of the same name, 3 m. above its confluence with Choptank r. ; and distant 13 m. s. s. w. of Denton, and 58 e. of Annapolis. Upper Marlboro’, co. seat and p. o., Prince George co. Situate on the s. side of the w. branch of Patapsco r., 4 m. above its mouth, 23 m. s. w. of Annapolis, and 17 s. e. of Washington, D. C. It contains the usual county offices, and is a well-built vil- lage. The Marlboro’ Gazette is published weekly, and circulates 500 copies. Upper Trappe, p. v., Somerset co. Si- tuate in the N. side of Wicomico cr., 6 m. n. of Princess Anne. Urban a, p. v., Frederick co. Situate on the e. side of Monocacy r., on the high ground between Bush and Bennett’s creeks, 7 m. s. s. e. of Frederick city, and 68 n. w, of Annapolis. Urieville, p. v., Kent co. Situate on the e. side of Morgan’s cr. of Chester r., 6 m. n. n. w. of Chestertown, and 60 n. e. of Annapolis. Utica Mills, p. v., Frederick co. Situate on Fishing cr., 10 m. n. of Frederick city, and 85 n. w. of Annapolis. Vansville, v., Prince George co. Situate on the head waters of eastern branch of Potomac r., 22 m. n. w. of Upper Marl- boro’. Vienna, p. v., and pt. of entry, Dorchester co. Situate on the w. side of Uanticoke r., 24 m. above its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, 16 m. e. of Cambridge, and 79 s. e. of Annapolis. It enjoys considerable trade, the river being navigable for sea-going ves- sels. Tonnage of the district in 1850, 15,478; in 1849-50, there was built 27 schooners, of 1,533 tons aggregate bur- den. Wakefield, p. v., Carroll co. Situate 6 m. s. w. of Westminster, and 68 n. n. w. of Annapolis. Walkersville, p. v., Frederick co. Si tuate on the e. side of Monocacy r., 6 m. n. n. e. of Frederick city, and 81 n. w. of Annapolis. Warfieldsburg. p. v., Carroll co. Situate 3 m. s. of Westminster, and 56 n. w. of Annapolis. Warren, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate on 282 CUMBERLAND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. ER6ST.BU M fflOI FOUNDRY. PAUL & BROTHER, MANUFACTURERS OF CAR WHEELS, MILL GEARING, strovES, PL0IG1C, ALL KINDS OF IRON & BRASS and machinery FOE MINES, BROADWAY, FiROSTBUKG, MB>. H. ROSE N B AC H, DEALER IN DOMESTIC AND FANCY CARPETING AND OIL CLOTH, Baltimore Street, Cumberland, Md. JOSEPH WALSH, DEALER IN m? a m a & &) 9 Beets, Shoes, Trunks, Carpet Bags, &c. Main Street, Frostburg, Md. J. H. SEYMOUR, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN Is E/ j^' Liibij 2 ^ ALSO A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF F GOO Cor, Baltimore and George Sts., opposite Mineral Bank M3T Agent for the “Maryland Gazetteer” — price, in fine binding with colored map, $1.50. new BAR BIG 3,476 — 2,014 males, and 1,465 females. “Adults, who cannot read and write,” numbered 2,035 — 1,906 natives and 39 foreigners. The number of churches was 63, with accommodation for 15,285 hearers, and the va- lue of all church property amounted to $121,340: 7 Baptist churches could accommodate 1,770; 8 Episcopal, 2,300; 2 Friends, 350; 2 Lutheran, 500; 34 Methodist, 7,725; 5 Presbyterian, 1,390; 4 Roman Catholic, 900, and 1 Union or Free, 350. Baltimore City is the county seat of justice : and the following are the villages and post-offices — Black Rock, Brooklandville, Butler, Catonsville, Cockneysville, Cub Hill, Dover, Ellengowan, Fork Meeting House, Freeland, Gap Mills, Govanstown, Ilarrison- ville. Hereford, Hookstown, Little Gunpowder, Loug Green Academy, Maryland Line, Monkton Mills, North Branch, Owing’s Mills, Philopolis, Pikesville, Reistertown, Ross- ville, Ridge Hall, Sweet Air, Towsontown, Union Meeting House, Upperco, Warren, Washington ville, Weisesburgh, Westerman’s Mills, Wetheredville, White Hall, &c. Barnesville, “p. v., Montgomery co. Situate on the e. side of Little Monocacy r., 23 m. n. w. of Rockville, and 79 n. w. of Annapolis. Barren Creek Springs, p. o., Somerset co. Situate on the n. side of Barren cr., a tributary from the e. of Nanticoke r., 22 m. n. of Princess Anne, and 84 m. s. e. of Annapolis. Barren Island, Dorchester co. Situate in Chesapeake Bay, off Meekin’s Neck, and separated from Hooper’s Islaud by Tar Bay. Barry, p. v., Frederick co. Situate 16 m. N. of Frederick, and 91 n. w. of Annapolis. Battle Ground, Baltimore co. Situate a little to the e. of Baltimore city, on Pa- tapsco Neck. The site of a famous battle, fought in September, 1814. Bay Hundred, p. o., Talbot co. Situate on the e. shore of Eastern Bay of the Chesa- peake, 13 m. w. of Easton, and 26 m. s. e. of Annapolis. Beantown, p. v., Charles co. Situate on the post-road, 8 m. n. of Port Tobacco, and 62 s. e. of Annapolis. Bear Creek, Baltimore co. A large inlet of Patapsco r., situate between Soller’s Point and Patapsco Neck, the head of which ap- proaches the e. confines of Baltimore city. Beartown, y., Caroline co. Situate in the N. part of the county, 21 m n. of Denton. Beaver Creek, Washington co. A tri- butary of Antietam cr. from South Moun- tain. Beaver Creek, p. o., Washington co. Sit- uate at the turnpike crossing of the creek, 6 m. s. of Hagerstown, and 93 n. w. of Annapolis. Bel-air, co. seat and p. o., Harford co. Situate on a high ground between Winter’s and Bynham’s Runs, 8 m. n. of Bush Creek, 53 n. by e. of Annapolis, and 63 n. e. of Washington. It is a pleasant village, con- taining a court-house, jail, and two or three churches, and about 200 inhabitants. The country which surrounds it is a fine agricul- tural district. A weekly newspaper is pub- lished here. Bel-air, v., Kent co. Situate on the post-road, 8 m. w. of Chestertown. Belinda Spring, v., Washington co. Si- tuate on the w. side of Antietam co., 15 m. s. of Hagerstown. Bell Mount, p. o.. Somerset co. Beltsville, p. v., Prince George co. Si- tuate on the w. side of the eastern branch of Potomac River, and on the line of the Balt, and Washington R. R , 27 m. s. w. of Baltimore city, 18 n. w. of Upper Marlboro’, and 28 w. s. w. of Annapolis. Benedict, p. v., Charles co. Situate on the w. side of Patuxent r., between Swan- ton and Indian creeks, 22 m. e. of Port Tobacco, and 59 s. s. w. of Annapolis. Bennett’s Creek, Frederick co. A con- siderable stream tributary to Monocacy r., which it joins 8 m. from its mouth. Benevola, p. v., Washington co. Situ- ate on the turnpike, 8 m. w. n. w. of Fred- erick city, and 51 n. w. of Annapolis. The vicinity is unusually fertile and flourishing. Berlin, v., Frederick co. Situate on the n. side of Potomac r., on the line of Chesa- peake and Ohio Canal, and the Balt, and Ohio R. R., distant 14 m. s. w. of Frederick city, and 76 w. from Baltimore. Berlin, p. v., Worcester co. Situate near the head of Trap cr., 23 m. n. n. e. of Snow Hill, and 123 s. e. of Annapolis. The vi- cinity affords one of the finest farming regions in the whole county. Bevansville, v., Alleghany co. Situate on the Cumberland and Hancock turnpike, where it crosses Fifteen Mile Creek, 19 m. e. of Cumberland, and 148 n. w. of Anna- polis. Big Elk River, Cecil co. A considerable stream rising in Chester co., Pa., and flow- ing s. into Elk r., which it joins a little n. e. of Elkton. BrG Mills, p. o., Dorchester co. Situate on Chicamacomico cr., a branch of Trans- quaking cr., 14 m. e. of Cambridge, 75 m. n. e. of Annapolis. Big Patuxent River. A large stream, the main branch of Patuxent river, or more 196 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. EDWARD BURNS, FASIIMABLi HAT AND Mf MANUFACTURER, S O <0 o X3L tr o <£*, r Is. o t Space, Wholesale and retail dealer in Ladies’ Fancy Furs, Youths, Boys and Infants’ Velvet Caps of all descriptions. Also on hand a handsome stock of Summer Hats, Fall Hats, Winter Hats and Spring Hats. SAMUEL O. COCKEY, late with C. 0 . O’Donnell. R. D. SEMMES, Late with J. a Sloan. JS ^2 3!^ jME e£? COCKEY/ DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF WHITE AND BED ASH ANTHRACITE AND CUMBERLAND COALS, LUMBER ^.ISTJD SHINGLE AGENT'S, Office, 46 South Gay St. opposite Public Store. Yard, S. W. Cor, Fremont (late Cove) & Pratt Sts. { ft 35= We respectfully invite your attention to our large and well assorted Stock of the BEST COALS, for Family, Foundry and Blacksmiths’ use. We have on hand a large assortment of Shingles, Laths, Pickets, Dressed Flooring and Building Lumber. All orders from the Country for COAL or Lumber, will be attended to with promptness and dispatch. SAMUEL HUNT, Static, fiarness^Cnmli RMNiFACTQMER, No. 202 Baltimore Street, BETWEEN CHARLES AND ST. PAUL STREETS. [See Page 118. CHAS. REESE & CO. t Q&Q Corner Eutaw Street and Madison Avenue. K.BRCHNER, Fashionable Boot and Shoe laker, INTO- lie WEST FAYETTE STREET, OPPOSITE THE LIBERTY ENGINE HOUSE, KKEPS OX 1IAX D A.XU MAKES XO ORDER, 0*8ftA 800S8, SIB AID CIOVS QAm&8, PATENT LEATHER AND CALF SKIN BOOTS AND SHOES OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. BIG BRO properly the Patuxent itself. It forms the w. boundary of Howard co. and Anne Arundel co. in its whole length. BrG Pipe Creek, Carroll co. A tributary of Sam’s Creek of Monocacy r., from Parr’s Ridge. Bird’s River, Baltimore co. A large arm of Gunpowder r. Black Island, Harford co. A small isl- and of Chesapeake Bay, off the e. coast of Swan Neck. Black Rock, p. o., Baltimore co. Situate on the w. side of Black Rock r., 20 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 49 m. n. of Annapolis. Black Rock River, Baltimore co. A branch of Great Gunpowder Falls, from the n. w. Blackwater Creek, Dorchester co. A stream emptying into Fishing Bay. Ex- tensive marshes lie upon both sides. Bladensburg, p. v., Prince George co. Situate on the e. side of the Eastern Branch of Potomac r., 7 m. n. e. of Washington, D. C., 33 s. w. of Baltimore, 13 n. w. of Upper Marlboro’, and 34 w. of Annapolis. It lies on both sides of the Washington Branch R. R. It contains three churches, an academy, several stores, between 70 and 80 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. There is a min- eral spring in the village. The American arms sustained a defeat by the British at this place, on the 24th August, 1814, in at- tempting to arrest the progress of the Brit- ish towards Washington. Bloods worth Island, Dorchester co. A large island of Chesapeake Bay, separated from the main land by Hooper’s Strait. Bloomington, v., Alleghany co. Situate near the junction of Savage r. with the Potomac, and on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 30 m. s. w. of Cumberland, and 196 w. n. w. of Annapolis. Blue Ball, p. v., Cecil co. Situate one mile w. of Little Elk r., 10 m. n. n. w. of Elkton, and 81 n. e. of Annapolis. Blue Ball, v., Frederick co. Situate on the s. side of Israel’s Creek, 6 m. e. of Frederick city. Bohemia Manor, Cecil co. A large neck of land lying between Back cr. and Bohe- mia r., So named. Bohemia River, Cecil co. A consider- able stream, tributary to Elk r., into which it empties 11 m. s. of Elkton. Bolingbroke Creek, Talbot co. A tribu- tary to Choptank r., from the n. Booxsboro’, v., Caroline co. Situate one mile w. of Choptank cr., and 7 m. n. of Denton. Boonsborough, p. v., Washington co. Situate at the w. base of South Mountain, and 4 m. e. of Antietam cr., on the Frede- rick turnpike, 10 m. s. e. of Hagerstown, and 91 m. n. w. of Annapolis. In 1850, it contained 944 inhabitants— white persons, 827 ; free colored, 27 ; and slaves, 90. The “Odd Fellow,” a weekly newspaper, is published in Boonsborough. Braddock’s Gap. A natural roadway in South Mountain, 10 m. s. e. of Hagers- town. Braddock’s Run, Alleghany co. A tribu- tary stream to Wills Creek, into which it empties from the w., 3 m. n. of Cumber- land. Brandywine, p. v., Prince George co. Distant 13 m. s. s. e. of Upper Marlborough, and 30 s. s. w. of Annapolis. Brereton, v., Somerset co. Brick Meeting-house, p. o., Cecil co. Situate on the e. side of the West Branch of North-East River, 12 m. n. w. of Elkton, and 78 n. e. of Annapolis. Bridgetown, p. v., Caroline co. Situate on the e. side of Tuckahoe cr., 9 m. e. of Centreville, and 14 n. of Denton. Bridgetown, (or Millington,) v., Kent co. Situate on the n. side of Chester r., 18 m. e. of Chestertown. Bridgeville, p. v., Dorchester co. Briery Mountain, Alleghany co. One of the ridges of the Alleghanies, extending in a direction n. and s. from Youghiogeny r., in Pennsylvania, to Cheat r. in Virginia, and forming part of the west boundary of the state of Maryland. Altitude, 2,600 feet above tide water of Potomac r. Bristol, p. v., Anne Arundel co. Situate a little s. of West r., and distant 14 m. s. s. w. of Annapolis. Britton’s Bay, St. Mary’s co. An inlet of Potomac r. Broad Creek, Harford co. A tributary of Susquehanna r., draining the n. e. sec- tion of the county. Broad Creek, Prince George co. A tri- butary stream of Potomac r., into which it empties a few miles s. of Washington city. Broad Creek, p. o., Queen Anne co. Situate on a creek, so called, on the west- . era shore of Kent Island, almost directly opposite to the state capital, and on the main post-road thence to Centreville. Dis- tant 12 m. w. s. w. of Centreville, and 14 m. e. of Annapolis. Broad Creek, Talbot co. A large arm of Chaptank r. Brooklandville, p. o., Baltimore co. Si- tuate two miles w. of Jones’s Falls, 10 m. n. of Baltimore city. It is one of the prin- cipal stations on the line of the Westminster Branch R. R. Brookville, p. v., Montgomery co. Situ- ate on Reedy Branch, a creek of Patuxent 198 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. o jm: AND SILVER PLATING MANUFACTORY, 1ST O - 13 LIGHT STREET, Manufactures to order and keeps constantly on hand, Carriage and Harness Mounting of every description; also, Coach and Leather Varnishes of superior quality, at Manufacturer’s prices. WATCHES! WATCHES! WATCHES!! DOES YOUR WATCH KEEP TIME ? 159 BALTIMORE STREET, OPPOSITE THE MUSEUM, And ALEXANDER will make it keep time if it is possible, or exchange it for one of his fine &€>»€>! W« Which he will Warrant for Four Years Free of Cost. DIAMONDS SET IN THE FINEST STYLE. Call and see his Stock of Jewelry, including every thing rich and elegant of the latest style, Silver WXre, Plated Ware, &c. &c. J. ALEXANDER, Formerly of J. M. French's , ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. JOHN P. DEB FORGES, P H Hi ® Iff! wmw m jMjMJ H isap £5 •QP J&. 'X 1 X O 3S3F 3EZ H ,, BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURER, no. s Norm ciiarics st. FIRST DOOR FROM BALTIMORE STREET ON WEST SIDE. Printing executed on the premises with neatness and dispatch, at prices which cannot fail to please. PERIODICALS PUNCTUALLY DELIVERED. Agent for Harper’s and Putnam’s Magazines, the two delivered Six Months for Two Dol- lars and a half , paid in advance. BRO CAL r. , 11 m. n. n. e. of Rockville, and 64 n. n. w. of Annapolis. Brotuerton, p. v., Anne Arundel co. Situate on s. side Severn r., near its bead, 10 m. n. w. of Annapolis. Brownsville, p. o., IVasbington co., 7 m. s. of Hagerstown, and 95 n. w. of Annapolis. Beuceville, p. V., Can oil co. Situate on the w. side of Big Pipe Creek, 3 m. above its mouth in Sam’s Creek, 1G m. w. of Westminster, and 79 n. w. of Annapolis. Bryaxtown, p. v. ; Charles co. Situate on e. side of Allen’s Fresh and Zackiah Swamp, 10 m. e. n. e. of Fort Tobacco, and 69 s. w. of Annapolis. Bryaxtown, v., Talbot co. Situate a mile s. of Wye r., and 12 m. n. of Easton. Buckey’s Town. p. v., Frederick co. Situ- ate on the w. side of Monocacy r., 8 m. above its mouth. 6 s. of Frederick city, and 81 n. w. of Annapolis. The Balt, and Ohio R. R. passes by the village, 63 m. w. cf Baltimore. Bucktown, v., Dorchester co. Situate on the w. side of Transquaking cr., 12 m. s. s. e. of Cambridge. Buena Vista, p. o., Prince George’s co. Bup.rittsville, p. v., Frederick co. Situ- ate at the e. base of South Mountain, on Ciamp ton’s Gap road, 12 m. w. of Fred- erick city, and 92 m. n. w. of Annapolis. Buresville, p. v., Caroline co. Situate near the state line, 6 m. e. of Denton, and 71 e. of Annapolis. Eusn Creek, Frederick co. A stream flowing from Parr’s Ridge to Monocacy r. Busn Neck, Harford co. The large peninsula on the west side of Bush r. Busn River, Harford co. A large inlet of Chesapeake Bay, receiving several fine streams from the north. Butler, p. v., Baltimore co. CALVERT COE NT Y occupies a long narrow strip or peninsula, lying between Chesa- peake Bay and Patuxent river, being separated from Anne Arundel county on the north, by Lyon’s cr. and Fishing Bay. Its superficies contains only 153,400 acres, it being the smallest county, except the new county of Howard, within the state. The surface is un- dulating, and declines from a central divide towards the waters forming its boundaries, into which numerous small creeks disembogue. In the n. e. Fishing Bay forms a deep indentation of the coast, and there are several inlets, more or less expansive, on the s. w. coast; but in its longitudinal dimensions, it presents a smooth front to the waters. The soil is usually a soft fine mould, well adapted to the culture of tobacco, corn, wheat, rye, oats, &c., and the drainage is excellent. Oak, chestnut, cedar, pine and locust are the natural timbers, and fruit trees of various kinds are abundant. Marl, which is found in almost all parts of the county, is used as the common fertilizer. No rocks or minerals, except perhaps bog iron and alumina, are found. The climate is warm and moist, but it is not accounted insalubrious. This county was settled by English Puritans in 1650, under Richard Brooke, who ob- tained from Lord Baltimore some special privileges for immigrants of this persuasion. It was at first called Charles county, in accordance with the terms of the grant ; but in 1654 the order for the erection of Charles county was revoked by Gov. Stone, and Calvert county established in its stead. It has been the least progressive of all the comities ; in 1790, it contained 8,G52 inhabitants; in 1820, 8,073 ; in 1830, 8,889 ; in 1840, 9,229 ; and in 1850, 9,616 ; of which, 3,630 were white persons, 1,530 free colored persons, and 4,486 slaves; and of this population, omitting slaves, 5,141 were American born, and 13 natives of foreign countries. Dwellings, 1,006; families, 1,008. Births in the year ending June 1, 1850, 226 ; marriages, 17 ; deaths, 91. Deaf and dumb, 2 ; blind, 5 ; insane, 1 ; and idiotic, 2. In 1850, there were in the county 434 farms and plantations, covering 65,980 acres improved land and 45,611 unimproved land, together valued at $1,534,050. Value of farming implements and machinery, $34,938. The live stock owned was — horses, 1,773 ; asses and mules, 174 ; milch cows, 1,459 ; working oxen, 1,640 ; other cattle, 2,266 ; sheep, 5,297 ; and swine, 9,350, which was valued at $160,496. The products of agricul- ture consisted of — wheat, 67,489 bushels ; rye, 2,492 ; Indian corn, 351,890 ; oats, 23,644 ; peas and beans, 130 ; Irish potatoes, 2,G58 ; and sweet potatoes, 1,740 bushels ; tobacco, the staple of the county, 3,109,258 pounds; and hay, 112 tons; wool, 14,773 pounds ; butter, 26,787 pounds; and animals slaughtered to the value of $46,864. Home manu- factured goods were produced to the value of $5,941. Not a single industrial establishment, producing to the value of $500 a year, is found within the county. The average monthly wages of a farm hand with board, is $4 50, and day laborers earn 62 cents without, and 44 cents with board. Carpenters average $1 12 per diem, and the weekly wages with board of female domestics is 44 cents. The price of board for laboring men averages $1 37 a week. 200 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. SAMUEL G-. ACTQXf, PRACTICAL No. 107 NORTH HOWARD STREET, Mo, 03 AND 670 WEST BALTIMORE STREET. He has taken the above stands and is now prepared to do all kinds of work in his line, in the most approved manner. He offers his services to those who desire work done with confidence of giving satisfaction, and can ap- peal to hundreds of the community for the faithful manner in which he has executed all orders with which he has been favored for the past 6 years. STORES, DWELLINGS, CHURCHES AND FACTORIES, fitted up in a workmanlike manner and on reasonable terms, and warranted to please. He has constantly on hand a large assortment of ALSO A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SOLAR, CA1V EIPIKEIN-ZE J±.JST3D AND ALL. KINDS OP GAS AND LAMP SHADES, With every thing in his line. All work warranted. Jobbing promptly attended to. s. a. ACTON. CAM CAR The assessed value of real and personal estate in the county on the 1st June, 1850, was $2,151,952, (true value, $2,474,096) ; and the taxation raised thereon amounted to $14,950, viz. : state tax, $5,379 ; county tax, $9,038 ; and school tax, $533. Paupers in the county, 60; annual cost, $1,000; convicts, 1. On 1st June, 1850, there were only 12 primary and public schools and two u academies” in the whole county. The primary schools were provided with one teacher each, and in the aggregate, had 320 scholars, but 580 had attended school within the year: cost, $3,866, of which $533 was produced from endowment funds ; $533 from taxation ; $1,500 from public funds ; and $1,300 from other sources. The academies had also only one teacher each, and together had 55 pupils : cost in 1849-50, $446, of which sum $266 was received from public funds, and $180 from other sources. There are no public or school libraries in Calvert, and only four private libraries containing 7,000 volumes. A newspaper is published weekly at the county seat. White “ adults who cannot read and write,” 358 — 357 natives and 1 foreigner. The county contained at the date assumed, 11 churches, capable of accommodating 7,400 persons, and the value of church property was, $27,400 : 7 Methodist churches could seat 4,600 persons, and 4 Episcopal churches, 2,800 persons. Prince Fredericktown is the county seat of justice, and the following are the principal villages and post-offices : Chestnut Hill, Dunkirk, Huntington, Lower Marlborough, Port Republic, St. Leonards, &c. Cambridge, co. seat and p. o., Dorchester co. Situate on the s. side of Choptank r., which is here two miles wide, 12 m. from Chesapeake Bay ; lat. 38° 40', n., and long. 1° 03' e. of Washington, D. C. It contains a court-house, county jail, an academy, three churches, and some fine houses. Two weekly newspapers are published here. Distant 61 m. s. of Annapolis, and 101 s. e. of Washington. Pop. 300. CAROLINE COUNTY is a small district of 198,400 acres, lying between Choptank river and the Delaware state line. The surface is level, and the soil somewhat varied in its nature, but mostly sandy. Its drainage is through several branches of the Choptank and Marshy Hope creek, a long branch of Nanticoke river rising in the neighboring state, and crossing this county in its s. e. portion. No important rocks or minerals are found ; but marl, which the farmers use as a fertilizer, is abundant. White and black oak, hickory and pine, are the prevailing natural timbers. This county was settled in the beginning of the 17th century, and was organized by an act of the colonial assembly in 1773, having previously been governed as a part of Frederick county, which originally covered the greater portion of the state. Deprived of all extraordinary advantages of position, and with a soil none of the best, the population has never been much increased by immigra- tion invited by an improveable country ; and hence a natural increase has been the only recuperation it has had to depend upon for inhabitants. In 1790, the population was 9,506; in 1820, it had increased to 10,108; in 1830, it was 9,070; in 1840, 7,806; and in 1850, 9,692 ; of which 6,096 were white persons, 2,788 free colored persons, and 808 slaves. Only 10 persons of foreign birth were found in the county by the takers of the 7th census. Deaf and dumb, 2 ; blind, 4 ; insane, 3 ; and idiotic, 9. Slaves — manumitted 1, and fugitive 3. The whole number of farms in 1850 was 730, which included 117,300 acres of improved land, and 54,801 of unimproved land, valued together at $1,105,295 ; and the value of farming implements and machinery was $32,932. The live-stock consisted of 1,881 horses, 180 asses and mules, 1,870 milch cows, 1,141 working oxen, 2,863 other cattle, 3,570 sheep, and 9,218 swine ; valued together at $167,365 ; and the products of animals were — wool, 9,297 pounds ; butter, 41,864 pounds ; and cheese, ; and the value of animals slaughtered, 1849-50, was $40,367. The products of the soil were — wheat, 42,879 bushels ; rye, 13,708; Indian corn, 355,520; oats, 17,422: Irish potatoes, 11,386; and sweet potatoes, 6,478 bushels; the value of orchard products, $580; hay, 50 tons; and flax, 45 pounds. The value of home-made manufactures was $593. No industrial establishments, producing annually to the value of $500, exist in tho county. The average monthly wages of a farm hand with board, are $6 ; average wages of a day-laborer with board, 35 cents, and without board, 50 ; average day wages of a car- penter without board, $1 25 ; weekly wages of a female domestic with board, 75. Price of board to laboring men, $1 50 per week. The total value of all personal and real estate in the county in 1850, was $1,421,826, BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 202 IMPROVED PATENT CIRCULAR GEORGE PAGE & CO. NORTH SCHROEDER STREET, NEAR WEST BALTIMORE STREET, Respectfully inform their friends and the public generally, that they have greatly enlarged their Manufacturing Establishment, and that they have now such facilities as will enable them to execute all orders with promptness, for their justly celebrated PATENT PORTABLE CIRCULAR SAW MILLS, Which have given such universal satisfaction throughout the Union. They manufacture three Sizes or Classes of Mills, — Also STEAM POWERS of all sizes and hinds, as Stationery and Portable , and received the Premium of a Gold Medal therefor, at the late Pair of the Mechanics' Institute, for their superior ex- cellence. Among their Portable Engines is one of Ten Horse Power, gotten up expressly for Plantation and Farm purposes, viz : for Sawing Lumber, Grinding, Thrashing, &c., and is emphatically a Portable Machine, calculated to be hauled by 4 or 6 horses any where. They also manufacture HORSE POWERS OF THREE SIZES, CRIST SM 3£ 3E* 3L* S OF VARIOUS SIZES, Which received a Silver Medal from the Mechanic’s Institute, and have been approved of by every purchaser. Their smallest sized one is eminently adapted to Plantation and Farm purposes. They are Agents for SHIMfiSsS AS®" And manufacture various other Machines and Implements for economizing labor. They* have made many improvements upon their Circular Saw Mills since they were first invented, and which render them now perfect in all their details and justly entitle them to rank first among the labor-saving machines of the age. As the Patent Right of their Saw Mills is the joint property of the concern, no assignment or transfer of any right or rights, will be valid unless signed by a majority of the members of the firm. A pamphlet descriptive of their several classes of Mills, prices, terms, capa- city for Sawdng, and of their Engines and other Machinery, will be sent to any gentleman applying by letter for the same. JfST* They warn all persons from infringing their Patent Rights, as they are determined to prosecute all offenders. Address (See Page 204.) GEORGE PAGE & CO. North Schroeder Street, near Baltimore St., Balt. CAR CAR and the assessed taxation, $11,4-97, of which $3,615 was state tax, and $7,882 county tax* The number of paupers supported during the year, and on the list on the 1st June, 1850, was 74, supported at an annual cost of $1,300. No convictions are recorded for the same year. There were in the county on 1st June, 1850, 25 primary aud public schools, with 25 teachers and 518 scholars: cost, $6,064, of which $4,546 was provided from the county funds, and $1,518 from other sources. The whole number of children that had attended school during the year, was SS7. There is neither college nor academy in the county. 11 Adults, who cannot read and write,” (slaves excluded,) numbered 1,367 — namely, 403 white persons, and 964 free colored persons, equal to one-seventh of the adult whites, and all the adult free colored. The whole number of churches was 21, capable of accommodating 8.870 persons, and the value of church property was $7,650: 2 Friends’ churches could seat 350 persons; 16 Methodist, 7,950 ; 2 Presbyterian, 370 ; and 1 Roman Catholic, 200. It is worthy of re- mark in this connection, that this is, perhaps, the only county in the United States, and certainly in Maryland, in which the value of church property is less than one dollar per head of the population ; and that only one other county in Maryland is entirely destitute of an academy, or higher school than those denominated primary and public. Truly, re<- ligion and education require some stimulus in this region. Denton is the county seat of justice, and the following are villages and post-offices : — Bridgetown, Burrsville, Federalsburgh, Greensborough, Hillsborough, New Hope, Upper Hunting Creek. CARROLL COUNTY is situate in the north part of the state, between the counties of Baltimore and Frederick, and extends north and south from the state line to the west branch of Patapsco river. Its superficies contains 295,680 acres. Parr’s Ridge, a moun- tain of some elevation, traverses the county in a direction n. e. and s. w., and forms the water-shed dividing the streams falling into Patapsco r. and Chesapeake Bay, from those flowing to the Monocacy and Potomac rivers. The surface is generally hilly and rocky, and the soils thin, but there is much good farming laud, with fine streams. Wheat and oats are the cereal staples ; grazing, however, the chief employment. The principal water- courses are the branches of Patapsco river and a number of fine streams tributary to Mono- cacy river, on most of which excellent mill sites are found. The water of this county is remarkably pure and good. Iron and copper ores are found in many parts, and some mining operations have been carried on. Chestnut, oak and hickory are the principal timber growth. The earliest settlement within Carroll was made about the year 1700, but it was not Organized into a separate county until 1836, when by an act of the legislature it was taken from Baltimore aud Frederick counties. In 1840 it contained 17,241 inhabitants, and in 1850. 20,616, namely: 18,667 white persons, 974 free colored persons, and 975 slaves; and of this population, the slaves excluded, 17,276 were born in Maryland, 1,611 in other parts of the Union, and 754 in foreign counties. Number of dwellings 3,476, and of families 3,593. Births during 1849-50, 4-34 ; marriages, 96 ; and deaths, 168. Deaf and dumb, 8; blind, 14; insane, 11; and idiotic, 22. The county in 1850 contained 1,387 farms, which covered 153,519 acres improved land, and 65,252 acres unimproved land, valued at $5,337,282. The value of farming imple- ments and machinery was $203,298. The amount of live stock is comparatively large, and consisted of — horses, 5,027 ; asses and mules, 34 ; milch cows, 6,483 ; working oxen, 58 ; other cattle, 3,044 ; sheep, 6,557 ; and swine, 19.227 ; valued in the aggregate at $493,547. The crops of 1849-50 consisted of — wheat, 265,007 bushels; rye, 27,378; Indian corn, 343,008; oats, 223,179; and buckwheat, 5,765 ; Irish potatoes, 48,002 bushels; and sweet potatoes, 434 bushels; tobacco, 165.332 pounds; wine, 99 gallons; hay, 20,771 tons; clover seed, 2,271 bushels, and other grass seed, 450 bushels ; dew-rotted hemp, 30 tons ; flax, 3,696 pounds ; and flax-seed, 394 bushels ; bees- wax and honey, 1 .900 pounds, &c. The value of the pro- ducts of orchards was $11,166. The principal products of animals consisted of — butter 444,759 pounds, or more than one-tenth the product of the state, and cheese 1,150 pounds; wool 14.711 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered was $186,246. The value of home-made manufactures was $3,303. The products of the manufactures consist principally of flour, leather, cotton, and woolen goods, paper, earthenware, &c. In 1850 there were in the county 121 industrial establishments ; capital invested $246.800 ; hands employed — males 324, and females 33 ; average monthly wages paid, $6,047, and value of products, $352,369 ; 30 flour mills em- 204 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. PAGE’S IMPROVED PATENT emeu (SEE PAGE 202.) CAR CE C ployed 50 hands and produced to the value of $96,350 a year; 20 tanneries employed 57 hands and produced $99,315; 1 cotton factory employed 40 hands and produced $24,000; 6 woolen factories employed 18 hands and manufactured to the value of $12,790 : and besides these there were also 3 agricultural implement factories, 17 black- smith shops, 6 boot and shoe factories, 1 clothier’s shop, 2 potteries, 1 hat and cap fac- tory, 1 lime kiln, 1 bark mill, 9 gristmills, 4 paper mills, 2 copper mines, 1 iron mine, 6 saddleries, 1 soapstone quarry, 1 stone-cutting shop and 3 tinneries. The average wages of farm hands with board are $10 per month ; of day- laborers with board 50 cents, and without board 75 cents ; of a carpenter $1 per day, and of a female domestic with board 62 cents per week The average price ot board for laboring men is $1 50 per week. The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. passes through the southern part of this county, taking the course of the West Branch of Patapsco river ; and good turnpikes diverge from West- minster — s. e. towards Baltimore, n. w. towards Taneytown, and n. towards Carlisle, Pa, The value of real and personal estate in 1850 was $6,629,812, and the amount of taxes assessed thereon was $30,834, of which $17,356 was state tax, and $13,478 county tax. The number of paupers supported during 1840-50 was 107, at an aggregate cost to the county of $3,526. Convicts during the same year, 3 — 2 natives and 1 foreigner. The county had 31 primary and public schools, with 31 teachers and 708 scholars : cost $4,740 per annum; 12 academies and other schools with 16 teachers and 252 pupils : cost $5,565 per annum; and 1 college with 5 teachers and 30 students : cost $3,000 per annum. The whole number of children attending the schools during the year had been 2,706 — 1,528 males and 1,178 females. u Adults who cannot read and write,” 314 — 129 white persons and 185 free colored persons. The libraries in the county numbered 70, and 7,740 volumes, 64 of which were private, 5 Sunday school libraries and 1 college library, the latter containing 300 volumes. There are two newspapers published at Westminstei. There were 40 churches in the county capable of containing 20,300 persons, and the value of church property was $56,800 ; the Baptists had 2 churches, the Epicopalians 3, the Friends 1, the German Reformed 1, the Lutherans 6, the Methodists 17, the Presby- terians 3, the Roman Catholics 2, the Union or Free church 3, the Tunkers 1, and the Church of God 1. None ol these separately can accommodate more than 800 persons. Westminster is the county seat of justice, and the following are the principal villages and post-offices : Bachman’s Mills, Brueeville, Double Pipe Creek, Finksburgh, Frank- lin ville, Freedom, Hampstead, Hood’s Mills, Houck’s Store, McKinstry’s Mills, Kroh’s Mills, Manchester, Middleburgh, Mount Airy, New Windsor, Piney Creek, Porter’s, Ridgeville, Sam’s Creek, Sykesville, Taneytown, Union Bridge, Union Mills, Uniontown, Wakefield, Warfieldburgh, Winfield, Woodbine, &c. Carroll’s Island, Baltimore co. A nen- insula of Chesapeake Bay, between Salt- petre cr. and Gar Gut, 12 m. e. of Baltimore city. Carter’s, v., Carroll co. Situate near the head of Piney Branch of Patapsco r., 10 m. s. w. of Westminster. Catonsville, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate two miles n. of Patapsco r., 8 m. w. of Bal- timore city, and 36 n. of Annapolis. Catoctin Furnace, p. v., Frederick co. Sit- uate on the n. side of Little Hunting cr., about 12 m. n. of Frederick city, and 87 n. w. of Annapolis. Catoctin Mountain, Frederick co. A high ridge of the Alleghanies, traversing this county in a direction n. and s. Nume- rous fine streams rising on its slopes are tributaries to Monocacy r. and Catoctin cr. Catoctin River, Frederick co. Flows through the valley between South and Ca- toctin Mountains, from which it has nume- rous tributary streams which rise on their slopes. It is a fine milling stream, and falls into Potomac r., a little w. of Point of Rocks. Cavetown, p. v., Washington co. Situate on Cave Branch of Beaver Creek, 8 m. e. of Hagerstown, and 103 n. w. of Annapolis. In 1850 it contained 167 inhabitants. CECIL COUNTY occupies the n. e. corner of the state, e. of Susquehanna river, and n. of Sassafras river, and contains a superficies of 230,400 acres. It has great advantages of position, and is traversed by the great southern line of rail-road ; and its water-front and inland navigable rivers are extensive and available for commerce. North East r., Elk r., Back cr., Bohemia r., and Sassafras r., arms of the Chesapeake, are the principal streams, and afford both mill power and navigation. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal has its w. terminus in Back cr. The surface of Cecil county is generally BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 206 Gro QUAILp w a w* m & m AND LADIES’ FUR lEUVEIP OIRITTUVE, No, 280 'VS7 , esst :E®:r£*.tt street 9 CHARLES S17 BALTIMORE STREET, Importer antr _ G. S, &ROSHON, DEALER IN |||i IflMii! MM HP W W EM S ! IDierST GOODS A.ISTD GROCERIES, FORWARDING AID COMMISSION MERCHANT. C orner Patrick and Carroll Streets, S' SS 3 3 3 & S © S, S 2 ®. 1 VALENTINE S. BRUNNER, WHOLESALE DEALER IN Jump anti fomesttt fipors, Ifllllllll AMSSf* -A 1ST 3D mm is m ssipsm Railroad Depot, Frederick, Md. NORTH MARKET STREET, FREDERICK, MD. WES WOO mont, a station on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R. R. Distant 26 m. s. w. of Cumber- land, and 192 m. w. n. w. of Annapolis. Westminster, co. seat and p. o., Carroll co. Situate on a plateau of Parr’s Ridge, about the centre of the county, and near the head waters of Monocacy cr. and the north branch of Patapsco r., 58 m. n. w. of Annapolis, and 68 m. n. n. e. of Washing- ton, D. C. It contains the court-house, the county prison, and other public offices ; also several churches ; and, in 1850 had 835 inhabitants — 784 white persons, and 51 free colored persons. Two weekly papers, one whig and one democratic in politics, are published here. Turnpikes and other roads lead hence to all parts; and the Westminster Branch of the Balt, and Sus- quehanna R. R. diverging from that road at the Relay Hcfase, 7 m. n. of Baltimore, is complete to Owing’s Mills, a distance of 17 m. West River, Anne Arundel co. A large estuary of Chesapeake Bay, situate immedi- ately south and west of South river. W etheredville, p. v., Baltimore co. Situ- ate on Gwinn’s Falls, 4£ m. w. n. w. of Baltimore. It contains 1 church, 1 school, several stores, and about 100 dwellings, chiefly of stone. The village is 300 feet above tide, with a fall within its limits of 90 feet, which affords immense water power. The mills of Wethered Brothers, celebrated for their fine cassimeres, are located here, and there are also several mills producing coarse cotton cloth. Both up and down the stream there are large numbers of flour- ing and other mills. The surrounding country is undulating, and the soil of good quality. Population of the neighborhood, about 700. Weverton, p. v., Frederick co. Situate at the foot of South Mountain, in the ex- treme s. w. corner of the county, and on the e. side of Israel cr., where that stream joins the Potomac. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Balt, and Ohio R. R. pass through the village, 80 m. w. of Baltimore. Weverton is distant 20 m. s. w. of Frederick city, and 73 m. n. w. of Annapolis. WnALE ysville, p. v., Worcester co. Situ- ate on Pocomoke r., 11 m. further up than Snow Hill, and distant from Annapolis 115 m. s. e. Whitehall, p. v., Baltimore co. Situate about 3 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 31 m. n. of Annapolis. White Haven, p. v., Somerset co. Situ- ate on the w. bank of Wicomico r., 13 m. above its confluence with Fishing Bay, 8 m. n. w. of Princess Anne, and 103 s. e. of An- napolis. It has some trade. Wicomico River, Somerset co. A navi- gable stream from the Eastern Shore, con* fluent with Chesapeake Bay through Fish- ing Bay. Vessels of considerable burden pass up to White Haven. Wicomico River, Charles co. A fine stream, an affluent of Potomac r., from the n. In its upper end it receives several large creeks, and forms the line of division be- tween Charles and St. Mary’s counties. Williams’, Baltimore co. A station on the Westminster Branch R. R, 12 m. n. of Baltimore city. Williamsburg, v., Talbot co. Situate 6 m. n. e. of Easton. Williamsport, p. v., Washington co. Situate on the e. side of Potomac r., and at the mouth of Conecocheague cr., 6 m. s. w. of Hagerstown, and 107 w. n. w. of An- napolis. It is the depot of an extensive fertile region, and has excellent shipping facilities. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal passes through the town. Population about 450. Wills’ Creek, Alleghany co. A fine stream, rising on the e. slope of Great Sav- age Mountain in Pennsylvania, whence its course is first n., then e., then n- e., then again e., to the junction of Little Wills’ cr., whence it has a somewhat winding course southward to Potomac r., which it reaches at Cumberland. Numerous large runs contribute to its volume of water, and ren- der it a most efficient mill stream. Wills’ Mountain, Alleghany co. A ridge of the Alleghanies, immediately w. of Cumberland. Winfield, p. v., Carroll co. Situate at the head of Sam’s creek, 10 m. s. w. of Westminster, and 59 n. n. w. of Annapolis. Winston, p. v., Alleghany co. Winter’s Run, Harford co. An affluent of Bush r. from the n. Wolfsville, p. v., Frederick co., 10 m. from Middletown. Woodbine, v., Carroll co. Situate on the n. side of the West Branch of Patapsco r., and on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 38 m. w. of Baltimore, 18 m. s. of West- minster, and 60 n. n. w. of Annapolis. ■Woodbury, v., Baltimore co. Situate on the w. side of Jones’ Falls, and on the line of the Balt, and Susquehanna R. R., 3 m. n. of Baltimore city, and 33 n. of Annapo- lis. Wood Lawn, p. o., Cecil co. Situate on the old Baltimore and Philadelphia stage road, 3 m. e. of Port Deposit, 14 m. w. of Elkton, and 67 n. e. of Annapolis. The vicinity is highly cultivated, and furnishes cattle and wheat for market. Granite of the finest texture is extensively quarried, and is used for ordinary building purposes. woo WO R The Chesapeake fisheries also engage the attention of the inhabitants. Population, 130. Woodsboro’, p. v., Frederick co. Situate about a mile e. of Monocacy r., 12 m. if. of Frederick city, and 87 n. w. of Annapolis* Woodstock, p. v., Howard co. Situate on the s. side of Patapsco r., and on the line of the Balt, and Ohio R. R., 25 m. w. of Baltimore city, and 43 n. w. of Annapolis. WORCESTER COUNTY occupies a tract of 394,240 acres, situate on the Eastern Shore, extending along the Atlantic from Delaware to Virginia, the state lines of which form respectively its northern and southern boundaries, and on the west its boundary is Dividing creek of Pocomoke river and Somerset county. This is one of the largest coun- ties of the state, but it contains much waste land unfit for agricultural purposes. The Cypress Swamp in the north occupies a large area, and is the source of many streams. Pocomoke river, the largest stream in the county, has its head waters in this region, whence it flows southward to the Chesapeake through Pocomoke Bay, receiving in its course the whole drainage of the middle portions of the county. The Atlantic coast is a long narrow sand beach, inclosing an extensive shallow bay which separates it from the main land, and is accessible only to small craft. The surface is everywhere low and level, and the soils various. Black gum swamps frequently occur. The prevailing soils, however, are constituted of white and red clay and light sand. No rocks w'orthy of mention are found, and the only available mineral is iron ore, which exists, however, in no great quan- tity. The waters are generally good, though sometimes impregnated with lime, and some- times they are chalybeate. White, black, and red oak, beech, maple, gum, pine, poplar and cypress are the prevailing timber growths. Worcester county was settled in the course of the 17th century chiefly by immigrants of England and Scotland, and was organized in 1672. On the adjustment of the boundary controversy with Pennsylvania, a large portion of the original county was found to be within the jurisdiction of that proprietary, and now lies within Delaware. The organiza- tion of the county with its present limits took place in 1742. In 1790, it contained 11,640 inhabitants; in 1820, 17,421; in 1840, 18,377, and in 1850, 18,859, of which 12,401 were white persons, 3,014 free colored persons, and 3,444 slaves; and of the population exclusive of slaves, 14,604 were natives of Maryland, 703 of other portions of the Union, and 103 of foreign countries. Dwellings 2,884, and families, 2,885. Deaf and dumb, 8; blind, 12; insane, — ; and idiotic, 28. There were in the county in 1850, 1,318 farms, covering 124,947 acres improved and 142,819 unimproved lands, valued at $2,421,855; and the value of farming implements and machinery was $64,126. The live stock consisted of 2,449 horses, 363 asses and mules, 336 milch cows, 2,827 working oxen, 6,786 other cattle, 10,911 sheep, and 19,911 swine, valued in the aggregate at $294,379 ; and the amount of animal products for 1849-50, was — wool, 25,i34 pounds; and butter, 68,039 pounds; and the value of animals slaugh- tered was $101,221. The products of the soil embraced — wheat, 17,119 bushels; rye, 58; Indian corn, 721,768; oats, 87,798; buckwheat, 36; peas and beans, 1,590; Irish po- tatoes, 35,403 ; and sweet potatoes, 26,401 ; also hay, 13,800 tons ; flax, 15,688 pounds ; and flax-seed 896 bushels. The value of orchard products was $2,877, and of market- garden products, $25. Two pounds weight of silk cocoons, and 9,416 pounds beeswax and honey were also produced. The value of homemade goods manufactured in the year amounted to $22,218. Milling and iron making are the prominent industrial pursuits, and in 1850, employed six-sevenths of the capital invested in manufactures. The whole number of establishments was 45, and the total capital invested, $69,850 ; value of raw materials consumed $33,176; average number of hands employed, 89 ; average monthly cost of labor, $1,110; value of annual products, $65,961. The establishments consisted of 2 blacksmiths’ shops, 3 boot and shoe shops, 3 carriage factories, 1 furnace, (capital $20,000,) 17 grist mills, (capital $4,000,) 17 saw mills, (capital $34,850,) and 2 tanneries. Water is the only power used in the county. Average wages — a farm-hand with board $6 a month ; a day-laborer 55 cents, or with board 45 cents ; a carpenter $1 25 a day ; a female domestic with board 50 cents a week. Price of board to laboring men $1 50 a week. The value of all real and personal estate in the county in 1850 was $3,523,009, and the amount of taxation thereon, $14,393, of which $8,810 was state tax, $3,718 county tax, and $1,865 school tax. The number of paupers receiving public relief on the 1st June, 1850, was 23, and the whole number relieved during the past year had been 39, at a cost of $1,955. 0 290 FREDERICK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. SUCCESSOIt TO GriESOlR.Gr'E: «T_ FISHER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Patrick Street, nearly opposite City Hotel, LT-i £23 L23 LT3 il 9 Drugs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, Glass, Varnish, Dye Stuffs, Surgical and Den- i tal Instruments, Trusses, &c., Jewelry, Silver Ware, Spoons, Forks, &c., Gold I Leaf, Gold and Silver Foil, Bronze, &c. Perfumery and Fancy Articles, Confectionery, Cutlery, Whips, Cigars, Soda, Seidlitz, Saratoga and Sulphur Waters ; all safe and reliable Patent Medicines, j Physicians’ Prescriptions accurately compounded and delivered at any hour of the night. Orders from a distance promptly attended to, WYE ZIO The county in 1850, had 54 primary and public schools, with 54- teachers and 1,719 scholars, which cost for the year past $5,303; and 5 academies and other schools, with 7 teachers and 200 pupils, costing $2,880. The whole number of scholars attending schools in the year had been 2,075. Only one newspaper is published in the county. “Adults who cannot read and write” numbered 2,704, of which 1,678 were white per- sons — 725 males and 953 females, and 1,026 were free colored persons — 523 males and 503 females. There were 60 church buildings in the county capable of accommodating 14,000 per- sons, and valued at $26,385 : 5 Baptist churches had accommodations for 1,250 ; 8 Epis- copal for 1,900; 47 Methodist for 9,350; 6 Presbyterian for 1,600 persons. Snow Hill is the county seat of justice ; and the following are villages and post-offices : — Berlin, Derrickson’s Cross Hoads, Newark, Newtown, Saint Martin’s, Sandy Hill, Whaleysville. Wye Mills, p. v., Talbot co. Situate on the Wye r., 10 m. n. of Easton, and 31 e. by s. of Annapolis. Wye River. A stream from the Eastern Shore, falling into Eastern Bay of the Chesapeake. Yough Glades, p. v., Alleghany co., 53 m. s. w. of Cumberland, and 219 w. n. w. of Annapolis. Youghiogeny River, Alleghany co. A large and fine stream from Virginia, traver- sing this county from s. to n. It falls into Monongahela r., 18 m. s. e. of Pittsburg, Pa. Young’s Mines, Alleghany co. Situate near Frostburg, 10 m. w. of Cumberland. Zion, p. v., Cecil co. 292 HAGERSTOWN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. SAMUEL L. KING-, Coa cl) art Carriage -A. LSO : MANTJFACTUEEE OF SOUTH POTOMAC STREET, M » THE WEEKLY AMERICAN CHRONICLE IS PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORNING BY c&3 OCX sr 9 mm* At $1.50 per Annum, in advance, and $2.00 if not paid in advance. BOOK AND JOB OFFICE connected with the Establishment. GEO. UPDEGRAFF & SON, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL MANUFACTURERS, AND DEALERS IN CANES, UMBRELLAS AND LADIES' FURS, NO. 24, 0i)e dooi* 31). of iLgei^iotoi) ;Bqi)l(. GENERAL ACCOUNT or THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The District of Columbia, the seat of the Government of the United States, originally occupied a square of ten miles, on both sides of Potomac River, and comprised portions of Yirginia and Maryland, ceded to the United States for the use of the same Govern- ment. In 1846, however, that portion of the territory south of the river was retroceded to Virginia, and hence the present territory lies altogether on its north bank. The Maryland act of cession was passed on the 23d December, 1788, and that of Virginia on the 3d December, 1789. Subsequent acts were passed by these sf ' "s, con- firming the location. This District was established in pursuance of a clause of the Constitution' - - 1789, (Sect. vin. — 17,) which declares that Congress shall have power “ to exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such district, (not exceeding ten miles square,) as may by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States;” and further, in pursuance of an Act of Con- gress, approved 16th July, 1790, which declared “that a district of territory, not exceeding ten miles square, to be located as hereafter directed, on the River Potomac, at some space between the mouths of the Eastern Branch and Conecocheague, be, and the same is hereby accepted, for the permanent seat of the Government of the United States; and that the President be authorized to appoint three Commissioners to survey, and by proper metes and bounds define and limit, a district of territory under the limitations above mentioned” By a proclamation of the President, dated 30th March, 1791, the following were de- fined as the boundaries of the territory: “Beginning at Jones’ Point, being the upper cape of Hunting Creek, in Virginia, and at an angle of 45 degrees west of the north, ana running in a direct line ten miles for the first line ; then beginning again at the same Jones’ Point, and running another direct line, at a right angle with the first, across the Potomac, ten miles, for the second line ; then from the terminations of the said first and second lines, running two other direct fines of ten miles each, the one crossing the Eastern Branch and the other the Potomac, and meeting each other in a point.” The diagonal fines of this square run north and south, east and west, and, consequently, its angles are formed at the cardinal points. Situated in the neighborhood of the primitive ledge, which divides the alluvial region from the hilly country westward, the District partakes of the geological characteristics of the two regions. Rock Creek, and its immediate vicinity, is the line between the two ; from Rock Creek, up the Potomac, the borders of the stream are formed of rock, with the exception of a few small pieces of alluvial here and there in the valley of the river. For twenty or more miles the same formation prevails, when the country changes to old red sandstone, which continues twenty or twenty-five miles further up the river, with occasional ridges of brescia or pudding-stone ; and marble shows itself in various places along the valley, above and below the Monocacy. About a mile, however, east of the en- trance of Rock Creek into the Potomac, on the southern point of the city of Washington, the final termination of the primitive rocks that fine the bed and banks of the Potomac above, is evidenced. In digging wells beyond this point, rock or stones seldom obtrude, and alluvial everywhere prevails. In the primitive formation gneiss abounds, and is suc- ceeded by the amphibolic rock, or grunstein. The gneiss contains small crystallized tubes of magnetic iron, veins of felspar and quartz, of an opake white color. The rock of the Great Falls of the Potomac consists chiefly of micaceous schist, and contains grains of iron, which attract the needle. HAGERSTOWN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. W. HALL. n. McDowell. hall & McDowell, GO 294 CORNER OF WEST FRANKLIN STREET, HAGERSTOWN, UVEID. Manufacturers of all kinds of Castings, Horse-Powers, Thrashing and Reaping Machines, and Agricultural Implements of every description, upon the latest and most improved principles. Hathaway, Empire, Air-Tight, Cooking, and every other description of Stoves. guilds’ 91)3 Eoni)3lrlj 09 §iis)gg OF EVERY VARIETY MADE TO ORDER. THE HAGERSTOWN MAIL, PUBLISHED BY ^ ROBINSON & DEOHERT, At $1.50 per Annum, in Advance. Has a larger circulation than any other Journal in the State, out of the City of Baltimore. Merchants in Baltimore offering their Wares for Sale ; Farmers throughout the State, offering their Lands for sale, and business men generally, should Advertise ia its columns. Terms of Advertising liberal Address ROBINSON & DECHERT, Hagerstoum, Maryland. ELI MOBLY & SON, MANUFACTURERS OF ! igjit Mitpts, buggies, dt. E, Washington Street, HACERSTOWX, MOO. REPAIRS of all kinds executed with dispatch and on moderate Terms. I GENERAL^ ACCOUNT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The stone with which the basins of the Potomac Canal are lined, is a species of sand- stone similar to the sandstone of coal-beds. The rock employed to form the foundation or base of the houses of the District is a species of gneiss, composed of felspar, quartz and mica, of a leafy texture, owing to the abundance and disposition of the mica. It con- tains primitive sulphurous iron, and also particles of the same metal. At Fort Washing- ton there is a ferruginous clay, known by the name of bol, which is employed to dye cloth and thread of a red color. This substance, when heated, attracts the magnet. The moulds of petrified shells, of the genus area, weighing several pounds, have been dug up at this place. The material of the soil in the District is clay, discolored by the oxide of iron, which becomes fixed by fire ; and, on the whole, no other locality can boast of greater facilities for brick-making. The botany of the District is rich in many of the most beautiful and useful of vege- table productions. It embraces all the most valuable timbers for cabinet and building purposes due to the latitude : the plantain, buttonwood, dogwood, alder, sumac, oaks of several species, pines, black-haw, sassafras, laurel, mountain ash, cinquefoil, linden, locust, chesnut, and numerous others, which flourish on the hills or vales of this delight- ful region ; and among its shrubs and flowering plants are found many valued for their medicinal properties: as the snake-root, lobelia, strammonium, hellebore, sassafras, senna, (cassia marilandica ,) horehound, fox-glove, &c. ; and many prized for the beauty of their flowers or magnificent growths. Fruit-trees and vines abound ; and all the esculent vegetables known to the household are grown in profusion. No markets are better sup- plied with vegetables than those of the cities of the District. The animals of the District are, of course, the same as those inhabiting the neighboring portions of Maryland and Virginia; and, for the most part, have disappeared from their former haunts. The bear, wolf, raccoon, and some others, are still occasionally seen in the less frequented sections. The fisheries of the Potomac, embrace a great variety of the finny tribes, which the splash of the steamer has. not yet driven to other regions. There is no place in the United States where shad is more plentiful, or of better quality, than that caught in the Potomac. From 300 to 400 fish are usually taken at one draught, and a large quantity of herrings. In the distance of about a hundred miles above and below Washington four hundred thousand barrels of herrings are annually taken, of which a considerable quantity are cured and exported, chiefly from Baltimore. The law protects these fisheries, and under no circumstances is it allowed to destroy the young fish. The District of Columbia, as now demarked, contains only one county, that of Wash- ington; and in this are comprised the cities of Washington and Georgetown, and what are cPfiominated the country parts. The statistical condition of this county, &c., in 1850, as exhibited in the census of that year, is as follows: Divisions. Dwellings. Families. Population. Farms. Manufactories. W ashington City, 1st Ward 940 .. 991.. 10 2d “ .... 1,057 ..1,168.. 6,934 73 et 3d “ .. 982.. 5,908 5 .. tt 4th u 1,216 . .1,216. . 8,780 — .. 101 M 5th “ .. 769.. 4,137 4 .. 21 a 6th “ .. 661.. 3,714 20 .. 17 7th “ 789 .. 892... 4,985 — .. 18 Total 6,345 6,679 40,001 29 356 Georgetown, N. W. part 461... .... 3,349 ... 6 .. Other parts 733 ... 5,017 ... 3 .. 50 Total 1,174--.. 1,215 8,366 ... 9 .. 59 Country — E. of Turnpike 222 .. 1,956 ..130 ... u W. “ 176... .7.7. 176...*.. ... 1,364 ... 96 .. 12 Total . .398 ...3 320 226 . 12 Grand Total ...264... 427 _ The following exhibits the divisions : caste and sexes of the population in the several civil 296 FREDERICK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. THE FREDERICK HERALD, _A. FAMILY JOITIIMAL, jjt&ritb to ^mmtanism, Jforaga ani) feints tic ffifos,* : Literature, Amusements, Morality, Agriculture, Advertising, &c. HijblisM iq Ledetfcii 6hg, Dqi'gW, ebebg Sqitibbqg IFol'qiiig. | g” W. ^EC^ENMJRGH, } Edltors and Proprietors. FREDERICK SCHROEDER, mEiket^toeet,^ NORTH OF SECOND, LcSeHeli, ?p. Orders respectfully so- licited and promptly filled. WILLIAM 3, BROWN, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN STOVES ADD FANCY ARTICLES ot sesix mm tmssia, FREDERICK, MD. SNYDER, JR. jeKT'ST SDLESrg. €&s BOUIS R. EE. G. BOUIS. MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN S T O \/ E S 3 &o- Have on hand a complete assortment and are constantly manufactur- ing. Roofing, Spouting and Jobbing, at short- est notice. Particular attention given to Coun- try custom. Orders respect- fully solicited. -A_JSTX> GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, White Persons. Civil Divisions. Male. Female. Total. Wash ington.. 1st Ward. .1,609. ..1,893.. .3,502.. ee ..2d (( .2,432. ..2,599.. .5,031... a ..3d .2,345. ..2,401.. .4,746.. « ..4th u .3,491. ..3,409.. .6,900.. « ..5th « .1.262. ..1,458.. .2,720.. M ..6 th (•' .1,664. ..1,746.. .3,410.. fC ..7 th (( .1,775. ..1.731.. .3,506-- Colored Persons. Free. Slave. » / n As’te, Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Popul. 746.. .1.044. ..1.790... 90... 161. ..251. ..5,543 C03 — 938... 1,541. ..107... 255-. .362. . .6,934 353.. . 528... 881... 83... 198. . -281 .. .5,908 547.. . 788.. .1,335. -.201... 344. . .545.. .8,780 491.. . 668. ..1,159... 90... 168. . .258. . .4.137 73... 69... 142... 62.. . 100— 162— 3', 174 549.. . 676.. .1,225. ..100... 154.. .254. -.4, 985 Total 14, 578.. 15, 237. .-29, 815. .3, 362... 4, 711.. .8, 073... 733. -.1,380.. 2, 113.-40,001 Georgetown, N.W. part. -1,225.. .1,364 2,589... 180... 252... 432. ..119... 209.. .328. -.3, 349 « other parts... 1,679.. .1,813 3,492... 487... 641. ..1,128. -.123... 274. -.397. ..5, 017 Total 2,904—3,177 6,081— 667... 893. ..1,560. ..242— 483 — 725... 8,366 Country, east of Turnpike. 582— 596 1,178... 121... Ill— 232—294... 252-. .546... 1 ,956 « wesl “ 484... 469 953... 60... 48... 108. ..153... 150. ..303. ..1,364 Total 1,066. ..1,065 2,131... 181... 159... 340. -.447... 402. -.849. -.3, 320 Grand total 18, 548. .19, 479. -.38, 027. ..4, 210. ..5, 763... 9, 973.. 1,422. .2, 265.. 3,687. .51,687 DECENNIAL MOVEMENT OF POPULATION. Colored Persons. Date of White Total Census. Persons. Free. Slave. Population. 1800 783 3,244 1810 16,079 2.849 5,395 24,023 1820 22,614 4,048 6,077 1830 27,563 6,119 39,834 1840 8,361 4.694 " 1850 9,973 3,687 or if the County of Alexandria be included in the returns for 1850 — and such, for compari- son with former returns, will be necessary — the figures are as follows : 45,240 11 ,386 5,069 . 61,695 The number of persons in the district suffering from physical infirmities was, in 1850, as follows : Colored Persons. Infirmities. Deaf and dumb... W HITE Persons. Free. Slaves. Total of all Classes. Male. Female. •Male. Female. Male. Female. Blind. ........... Insane Idiotic. ..... ..... Total The employments of the District embrace almost every branch of national industry. Agriculture is in a flourishing condition, and although chiefly devoted to the production oi city market staples, yet furnishes also large supplies of wheat and other grains, with cattle, sheep, &c. The quantity of improved land is 17,083 acres, and the total value of farming implements and machinery, in 1850, was $40,220. The value of live stock at the same date was $71,573 ; and the principal products for 1849-50 were as follows : Wheat bushels.. 17,370 Indian corn “ ..65,280 Tobacco pounds . . 15,000 Wine gallons.. 863 Hay - tons.. 1,974 Butter pounds.. 14,869 And the value of homemade manufactures was $75. Of the 427 manufacturing establishments, one was engagedin the manufacture of cotton goods; one in those of wool ; and two in making castings: the remainder being distributed to a variety of handicrafts. The statistics of the specified manufactures were as follows: 298 BALTIMORE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. STABLE % OF 1 BALTIMORE. Office of the Company No. 202 Baltimore Street. G-jPl. S A.TTTS. thus C. R. Woodworth & Co., T4 Wall st., N. A".; Union Gas Works Co.. No. 9 Franklin avenue, Boston; Ferres & Garrett, Wilmington, Del.; Williams & Allen, Pittsburgh, Penna.; Dannen- hold & Nock, 99 Fifth street, Cincinnati, Ohio; Wm. Dean, St. Louis, Mo.; Connery & Slaugh- ter, New Orleans, La.; L. A. Hant & Co., Wilmington, N. C.; Wm. Schley, Senr., Augusta, Geo.; AVethered & Tiffany, San Francisco, California. EOE, THE COWNTBIT. The Patent Portable Gas Apparatus, manufactured and put up by the Mary- land Portable Gas Company, of Baltimore, are particularly adapted to the use of I Private Dwellings, Public and Private Schools, Colleges, Churches, Hotels, Fac- tories, Foundries, Country Towns and Villages. It furnishes a light cheaper than I oil or candles — perfectly safe — and requires no more skill or intelligence in the management of it than an ordinary cooking stove or furnace. They are made of | every required capacity, and can be put up at short notice. For terms and other I information apply at the office of the Company, No. 202 Baltimore Street, Balti- ! more, Md. E. H. SPRAG-UE, Treasurer. i GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE DISTRICT QF COLUMBIA. Capital invested. Value of raw materials Hands employed nifties nil m her . Cotton. ...85,000 ...67,000 41 Woolen. 700 1,630 2 Cast-Iron. 14,000 18,100 27 ** females ... 103 ynontlily wagps _ . dnlln.TR . ... 1,400 60 529 Value of products . . Cotton con R nmed t * t halp.s . . . ..100,000 ... 960 41,696 pheerinor Has for sale at the Manufacturers’ wholesale cash prices, the writing papers of Owen & Hurlbut, Warren, Wheeler & Co. R. & A. H. Hubbard, Dickey & Lisle, Platner & Smith, Platner & Porter, J. McDowell, Goodwin & Co. EMBRACING EVERY VARIETY OF m 9 MOTS AN© €M> swm White, Blue, Ruled, Plain, Wove and Laid; also, Flat Cap and all other Paper wanted in the manufacture of Blank Books. Also, constantly in store every quality of Book and News PBINTINTG DP .A. PER, Printers’ Cards, Card Boards, and colored Glazed Printing Paper ; together with an endless variety of Including Manilla Papers of all sizes, Hardware Paper of various sizes and thick- ness, Hatters’, Druggists’, Grocers’, Shoe, and Tissue Papers; Post Office and Blank Envelopes. Also, a complete stock of Straw Boards, Binders’, Trunk and Bonnet Boards. Also, for sale at Manufacturers’ prices, PROUT’S CELEBRATED PRINTING INK. Together with a full supply of Paper Manufacturers’ Materials, such as Bleach- ing Powders, Alum, Vitriol, Twine, Feltings, &c. All orders promptly attended to. THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. The public buildings of Washington are the Cap’tol, the Executive Mansion, the State Offices, Treasury Buildings, War Offices, Navy Offices, Offices of the Secretary of the In- terior, Post-Office, Office of the Attorney-General, National Observatory, the Arsenal, Navy Yard, Smithsonian Institute, National Medical College, Columbian College, Coast Survey Office, City Hall, National Institute, numerous churches, the hotels, and many others devoted to a variety of useful, literary, and benevolent purposes. The Capitol is situate on an area of 30 acres, inclosed by an iron railing. The build- ing stands on the western portion of this plat, and is so elevated as to command a view of the entire city, including Georgetown Heights, the windings of the Potomac, and the city of Alexandria. It was commenced in 1793, with Mr. Hallet as architect, who was succeeded in that capacity by Mr. Hadfield, Mr. Hoban, and Mr. Latrobe. During the embargo the works Avere suspended, and as the British subsequently demolished much of what had been accomplished by the above gentlemen, the government in 1815 found it necessary to reconstruct the whole edifice. It was finished, as it now stands, under the superintendence of Mr. C. Bulfinch. The exterior exhibits a rusticated basement of the height of the first story, the two other stories are comprised in a Corinthian elevation of pilasters and columns ; these columns, which are thirty feet in height, form an advancing portico, on the east, one hundred and sixty feet in extent, the centre of which is crowned with a pediment of eighty feet span ; while a receding loggia one hundred feet in extent distinguishes the centre of the west front. The building is surrounded by a balustrade of stone, and covered with a lofty dome in the centre, and a flat dome on each wing. The dimensions of the building are, length of front 352 feet 4 inches, depth of wings 121 feet 6 inches, and the height to the top of centre dome 145 feet. The cost up to 1828, when it may be said to have been completed, was nearly $1,800,000. During the session of Con- gress, 1850-51, appropriations were made for the further enlargement of the Capitol by the addition of two new wings of 238 by 140 feet each wing ; and when these are completed, the whole Capitol, including the space between the wings and the main building, will cover an area of four and one-third acres. The corner-stone of the extension was laid by President Fillmore on the 4th of July, 1851, with Masonic ceremonies, on which occasion the Hon. Daniel Webster delivered a brilliant oration. The Senate Chamber is in the second story of the north wing, of a semi-circular form, 3eventy-five feet long, and forty-five high; a screen of Ionic columns, with capitals, sup- port a gallery to the east, forming a loggia below ; and a gallery of iron pillars and railings of a light structure, projects from the circular walls, and the dome ceilings are enriched with square caissons of stucco. The walls are partially covered with drapery, and columns of breccia , or Potomac marble, support the eastern gallery. The chamber, upon the whole, is a handsome affair ; but it is now felt to be too small for the comfort of so large a body as that which annually convenes there, and the access to it is notoriously inconvenient. The only painting which adorns the Senate Chamber is a portrait of Washington. The Hall of Representatives is also of a semi-circular form, and of course much larger than the Senate Chamber. It is in the second story of the south wing, ninety-six feet long and sixty feet high. It is surrounded with twenty-four columns of the variegated Potomac marble, with capitals of white Italian marble of the Corinthian order, and sur- mounting a base of freestone, and the dome of the hall is painted in imitation of that of the Pantheon of Rome. From the centre of the dome hangs a massive gilt chandelier, and high over the Speaker’s chair, which is elevated and canopied, is placed the model of a colossal figure of Liberty supported by an eagle just ready to fly, the work of Italian artists named Causici and Yalaperti, the last of whom is thought to have committed sui- cide soon after accomplishing this work. In front of the chair, and immediately over the main entrance, stands a statue in marble representing History recording the events of the nation. She is placed on a winged car, rolling around a globe, on which are delineated the signs of the Zodiac, and the wheel of the car is the face of the clock of the hall ; and this is also the work of a foreign artist named Franzoni. Two full-length portraits, one of Washington and one of Lafayette, adorn the walls on either side of the chair, and in every direction are displayed ample folds of crimson drapery. The galleries of this hall are so extensive as nearly to encircle it, and the general arrangement of the room is such as to render the members and the audience as comfortable as possible. A few of the regulations which appertain to the Senate Chamber and the Hall of Representatives during the sessions of Congress may here be mentioned. The gentleman whose duty it is to preside in the former is the Vice-President of the United States ; but the Speaker of the House is elected to that position from its own body, and serves during all the sessions of one Congress. The only persons, besides the members, admitted to NOW BEING ERECTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. the floors of the two chambers, are the President and his Secretary, the Heads of the Departments and Bureaus, the Diplomatic Corps, all Governors of States, and all the ex- members of Congress, ex-Presidents, and ex-Governors, &c., &c. ; as a privilege, how- ever, the members can in person convey any friend to a seat in the lobby of the Senate or House. The regular business hours in the legislative halls, during the sittings of Con- gress, are from 12 to 3 o’clock; but when there is a pressure of business, towards the close of a session, it is customary to sit day and night, for many hours continuously. The next interesting feature of the Capitol to be described is the Rotundo. It occu- pies the centre, and is ninety-six feet in diameter, and the same number of feet high. The dome is hemispherical and filled with large plain caissons ; the room in its circuit is divided into eight panels, intended for paintings, seven of which are already filled ; and stationed between these panels are four bas-relievos of historical subjects, one representing the Preservation of Capt. Smith by Pocahontas , one the Landing of the Pilgrims on Plymouth Rock , one the Gonjiict between Daniel Boone and the Indians , and the other Penn's Treaty with the Indians. In addition to these specimens of sculpture are also displayed, encircled with floral wreaths, the heads of Columbus , Raleigh , La Salle , and Cabot ; — all these pro- ductions of the chisel being from the hands of Causici and Capellano . In niches on the out- side of the east door are also two statues of colossal size representing Peace and War, from the chisel of Persico. Of the paintings four are by Col . John Trumbull , one by Weir, one by Vanclerlyn , and one by Chapman ; — the order for the remaining vacancy not having yet been filled. The subjects of Trumbull’s pictures are first, the “ Declaration of Inde- pendence, ” the essential object of which was, to preserve the portraits of the men who were the authors of that Declaration. As Col. Trumbull was one of the aids of General Washington in the Revolutionary War, he had the best of opportunities for obtaining the portraits from the living men, and the consequence is that we. have authentic likenesses in this picture of the worthies personated. The second of Trumbull's pictures represents the “ Surrender of General Burgoyne." To the intelligent spectator it will tell its own story. The third of the Revolutionary paintings represents the “ Surrender of the British Army , commanded by Lord Cornwallis, at Yorktown , in Virginia." This picture contains the portraits of the principal officers of America, Prance and England. The fourth and last of Trumbull’s paintings represents the u Resignation of General Washing- ton at Annapolis. The subjects of the remaining pictures are the “ Embarkation of the Pilgrims from Leyden ,” by Weir ; the “ Landing of Columbus," by Vanderlyn ; and the “ Baptism of Pocahontas ,” by Chapman. As these illustrate scenes connected with the very earliest history of our country, none but the leading figures are to be considered in the aspect of authentic portraits. The Congressional Library is unquestionably one of the chief attractions of the Capitol. The principal room, of which there are three, faces the west, and is a large and handsome affair, ninety-two feet long, thirty-four wide, and thirty-six high; divided into twelve alcoves, ornamented with fluted pilasters, and in every direction are displayed portraits and busts, cases of medals and other works of ark The number of volumes which it contains is about 50,000, and the catalogue, which is arranged on the system of Lord Bacon, comprises the following table of chapters : Ancient History, Modern History, of all the countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, American Newspapers, Ecclesiastical History, Natural Philosophy, Agriculture, Chemistry, Surgery, Medicine, Anatomy, Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy and Conchology, Occupations of Man, Technical Arts, Ethics, Religion, Common Law, Reports in every department of Learning and Legislation, Politics, Mathematics, Astronomy, Geograph} 7 -, Pine Arts, and all the Standards in Polite Literature, with many valuable Original Manuscripts. The original library, which was collected under the direction of Mr. Gallatin and Mr. Mitchell, in 1800, was destroyed by fire during the last war, and that which now enriches the Capitol, was founded upon one which was purchased by Congress, in 1814, of Thomas Jefferson, for $23,000. The yearly average increase is about 1,800 volumes. The sum of $5,000 is annually appropriated by Congress for miscellaneous books, and $1,000 for law books. In 1851 the library lost many valuable wuVks from an accidental fire. The affairs of the library are indirectly in charge of a Library Committee, consisting of mem- bers from the two houses of Congress, but the immediate superintendents are a librarian and two assistants. The public in general are privileged to visit the library and examine books on the spot, but members of Congress and the officers of the Executive De- partments are all who enjoy the privilege of taking away any books that they may desire. The apartment for the accommodation of the Supreme Court is an ill-arranged, incon- 39 WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 306 JSP* JErfL 2E3 BRO, v=/ ^ ^ «/g Cor. Eleventh St. and Pennsylvania Avenue, W AS HI USSr®®® SS 1 9 3B)o ©o Dealers in Pure Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals, Fine Perfumery, Toilet Articles, Fancy Soaps ; Fine Hair, Nail and Tooth Brushes. Also, Pure Wines and Li- quors for Medicinal purposes exclusively. Ford & Bro., sole Agents for the sale of Thompson’s JLife Preser- ver and IHarrhcea Cordial, wholesale and retail. N. B. — Unusual care exercised in compounding physicians’ prescriptions at all hours of the day or night. FASHIONABLE MILLINERY. in/EIFL £3 . L. iLLLEKT, No. 305 Penn. Av., South Side, bet. 9th & 10th Sts. xxjy\ABcuyMa^ xm kancl xx xx|xx>\bm€ml xx^ m tcl Consisting of Flowers, Feathers, Ribbons, Head Dresses, and a variety of Bon- nets suitable for each season. 3 EK* 3 BE* VOSS, DEALER IK ALL KINDS OF iTaiihj frnrnml WINES, LIQUORS, CIGARS, &c. Southeast Corner of Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, WAiBEENSfON, 3D>. CHARLES WERNER’S 355 Pennsylvania Avenue and 270 B Street, No. 268 B STREET, &3T Wines and Liquors of the finest quality, wholesale and retail. THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. venient and badly lighted room, in the basement under the Senate Chamber. It is semi- circular in shape, with manifold arches; and on the wall is an emblem of Justice, holding her scales, in bold relief, and also a figure of Fame crowned with the rising sun, and point- ing to the Constitution of the United States. The members of the bar are accommodated with seats and desks in the body of the room ; and the justices occupy a row of elevated seats, and appear in their official capacity clothed in black silk gowns or robes. In addition to the apartments of the Capitol already specified, it should be mentioned that there is also a large number of ordinary, but well furnished rooms, which are occu- pied by the Vice-President, the Speaker of the House, and other officers, by the Post- masters of Congress, the Public Documents, and the Committees of the two houses. In regard to the Capitol grounds we have only to say, that they are not only exten- sive, but are kept in the very neatest order, constituting one of the very pleasantest and most popular resorts for promenading to be found in the metropolis. They command most charming prospects of the surrounding country, are adorned with a great variety of American trees, fountains and basins of pure water enliven them in various parts, and an air of superior refinement is given to them, by a number of pieces of statuary, the most attractive specimens being a statue of Washington, by Greenough, and a pair of Colum- bus and an Indian Woman, by Persico, the former occupying the centre of a square east of the Capitol, and the two others appropriate places on the eastern portico. Hear the western entrance of the Capitol stands a monument erected by the officers of the navy to the memory of their brother officers who fell in the war with Tripoli. It is of marble, rises out of a pool or basin of water, and is forty feet high. On one side of the base is a view of Tripoli and the American fleet ; on another the words, u To the Memory of Sommers, Caldwell, Decatur, Wordsworth, Dorsey, Israel;” and on another side, a brief but comprehensive history. At the base of the column are four marble emblematic figures, Mercury, Fame, History, and America: the column has also appropriate embel- lishments, and is surmounted by an eagle. The Executive Mansion is situated at the west end of the city, at the intersection of Pennsylvania, New-York, Connecticut and Vermont avenues. It occupies the centre of a plot of 20 acres, and has an elevation of 44 feet above the waters of the Potomac. The grounds are partially laid out in gardens, &c., but are still in an unfinished state. The mansion is 170 feet front, and 86 feet deep, built of white freestone, with Ionic pilasters comprehending two lofty stories of rooms crowned with a stone balustrade. The north front is ornamented with a lofty portico of four Ionic columns in front, and pro- jecting with three columns. The outer inter-columniation is for carriages to drive under, and place company under shelter : the middle space is for those visitors who come on foot; the steps from both leading to a broad platform in front of the door of entrance. The garden front is varied by having a rusticated basement story under the Ionic ordon- nance, and by a semi-circular projecting colonnade of six columns, with two flights of steps leading from the ground to the level of the principal storjr. The interior arrangements of the Executive Mansion are, of course, elegant and con- venient, well adapted to the various purposes to which the building was designed ; and as the rooms, both public and private, are newly furnished with the coming in of every new administration, we deem it unnecessary to trouble the reader with elaborate descriptions. All the public rooms may be examined by strangers at any time, but his Excellency, the President, can only be seen during those hours which he is pleased to designate. During the sessions of Congress the President usually has two reception evenings, on which oc- casions the public at large are privileged to pay him ’their respects and promenade the famous East Room. In addition to this, it is generally expected of him that during each winter he will entertain at dinner all the members of both houses of Congress and the Diplomatic Corps, so that the official dinners have to be given by him as often as twice a week. The grounds immediately around the mansion are quite beautiful in themselves, but they present a particularly fine appearance during those summer afternoons when the citizens of Washington assemble there by hundreds and thousands for the purpose of enjoying the music of the Marine Hand and the pleasure of a fashionable promenade. In the centre of the small square immediately in front of the President’s house, stands a bronze statue of Thomas Jefferson, executed by whom we know not, but presented to the government by Capt. Levy of the United States Navy, the present proprietor of Monti- cello, the former abode of Mr. Jefferson. It is a handsome piece of statuary, and in its present position has quite a commanding appearance. Directly across Pennsylvania avenue from the above-mentioned square, is Lafayette square, which, as before intimated, has recently been laid out in fashionable style, and planted with new shrubbery. Mills' 308 WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. WASHINGTON, D. €. Z. D. GILMAN Has opened his new and ele- gant Drug Store on the site for many years occupied by him, No 350 Penn. Av. J Between 6th and 7th Sits. WASHINGTON, D. C. The Store is fitted up in a style of excellence unsurpassed by any house of the kind in the country. His stock of fine CHEMICALS, Jamils Slftoints, c&5c. Is very comprehensive, and from his long practical experi- ence in the business, (nearly a quarter of a century.) it prom- ises to be a favorite resort for Physicians and others in want of puie and unadulterated Med- icines — for none others will be sold where there is a shadow of doubt as to their purity. Among the many articles of which he is Proprietor, a few only are named. 7 S3 INSTANTANEOUS LIQUID HA SR DYE. Gilman’s Hair Dye has re- ==j ceived the first Diploma; also, at the late fair of the Metropol- itan Institute, the prize silver medal, which places it far ahead of all hair dyes. It only is used in the fashionable circles of Washington, and in the princi- pal cities of the United States, all other preparations having diedout. Itproducesajetblack or glossy brown, as required, instantaneously, without injury to the hair, but on the contrary, renders it soft, giving it at the same time, a perfecily natural appearance. Does not stain the skin. Gilman’s Hair Dye is the on’y article now used in this city. Gentlemen who wear whiskers or moustaches of a gray or red- dish hue, wishing to attend a ball or party, can appear in a suit of black, by devoting one additional minute at their toilet in using the very celebrated ar- ticle which heads this notice. — Philadelphia Ledger. The introduction of Gilman’s Instantaneous Hair Dye to the public, whicji changes in a mo- ment any colored hair to a l eau- tiful and permanent black, has produced more happiness in the community, by driving out of use the worthless preparations with which this country has b^en flooded for a few years past, than any invention that we know of .—Port. Advertiser. Handsome Whiskers. — To procure these much-desired or- naments, use Gilman’s Instan- taneous Liquid Hair Dye, man- ufactured byZ. D. GiLMAN, Chemist, city of Washington. — Boston Museum. Sold by all respectable Druggists and Hair-dressers in the country. Principal Depot at the New Drug Store, 350 Pennsylvania Avenue, where all orders will be promptly filled. GILMAN’S STIMULATING LINIMENT Will speedily cure Chronic and acute Rheumatism, as can be proven by hundreds who have used it in this city. It will also cure Sprains, Lameness, Strains, Biuises, Saddle Galls, &c. in horses, for which purpose it was originally prepared. TWENTY-FIVE CENTS PER BOTTLE. WISTAR 5 S COUGH LOZENGES, A safe and effectual remedy for Coughs, Colds, tickling in the Throat. Prepared from the original recipe, by Z. D. Gilman. TWENTY- FIVE CENTS PER BOX. PAINTS. OILS AND WINDOW-GLASS, A large stock kept constantly on hand, and will be sold very low for cash, or to punctual customers. British and French Plate for Stores and Dwellings of any size, however large, for sale at importers’ New’ York prices,. Ornamental and Stained Glass of every variety of pattern, furnished at short notice. Samples can be seen at the Store. I would especially call the attention of builders and gentlemen about erecting buildings to the above, as by purchasing of me they will save about twenty-five per cent., besides the risk of transportation, which is an item worthy of consideration. Green-house' and hot bed Glass always on hand at manufacturer’s prices. Z. D. GILMAN, Druggist, 350 Pennsylvania Avenue. THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. equestrian statue of General Jackson, which is to occupy its centre, is a work of superior merit. It is in bronze, and cast from certain cannon captured by General Jackson in some of his military engagements. The State Department, which stands north-east of the President’s house and within the same inclosure, is a plain brick building, two stories high, 160 feet long and 55 wide, with a broad passage on both floors, and containing in all 32 rooms. It contains a hand- some library of books, maps and charts, numbering perhaps some 15,000 distinct works, which are indispensable in the performance of the extensive and varied duties of the de- partment. In addition to this collection, the Copyright Bureau contains some 10 or 12,000 volumes published in this country, which are kept with care as part and parcel of the archives of the government. It is the department through which alone the diplo- matic corps and all foreigners can bold any intercourse with the government- of the United States, and is of course the head-quarters of all the American Ministers and Consuls. The Treasury Department stands at the eastern extremity of the President’s square, (so called,) and is a stone edifice, painted white, 340 feet long, and 170 wide, but when the northern and southern wings are added, it will be 457 feet in length. In front is an imposing colonnade, stretching the entire length of the building, and the architect of the whole was Robert Mills. It has three floors upon which business is transacted, on each end of which are nearly fifty apartments. This is the department where all the financial and commercial affairs of the country are attended to, and the amount of labor performed here at times is immense. A good legal library is attached to this department. The War Department building occupies the northwest corner of the President’s square, and is precisely similar in design to the State Department. It is the head-quarters of all the officers of the army, and the mainspring of all the military movements. This depart- ment comprises the War Office proper, the Quartermaster’s Department, the Engineer’s Department, Bureau of Topographical Engineers, Ordnance Office, Subsistence Depart- ment, Pay Department, Medical Department, Office of Adjutant-General, and the head- quarters of the Major-General or military Commander-in-chief of the Army. The War Department is furnished with a valuable library of some 10,000 volumes. The Navy Department building lies directly west of the President’s house, and in the rear of the War Department. It has five bureaus, exclusive of the Secretary’s office, viz: — Bureau of the Navy Yards and Docks, Bureau of Construction, Equipment and Repair ■ Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography, and Bureau cf Medicine and Surgery. The Department of the Interior, or Home Department, is the most extensive con- nected with the government. The building which it is destined to occupy, is yet un- finished ; but when completed it will be the most extensive and most interesting in the metropolis. A portion of it is already occupied by one of the bureaus of the department, (the Patent Office,) and also by the museum of the National Institute. The titles of the bureaus connected with the Interior. Department are as follows : — Land Office, Patent Office, Indian Office, and Pension Office. As its name indicates, this department has to do exclusively with all those matters bearing upon the internal economy of the United States, and is, of course, increasing in importance with every successive year. A library of some five thousand volumes is attached to this department. In the second story of the building now occupied by the Patent Office are the invaluable relics of Washington, including his camp chest, the original Declaration of Independence, the gifts presented from time to time to the government by foreign powers, Franklin’s printing press, a col- lection of Indian portraits by King, the treasures of the National Institute, interesting me- morials of the late James Smithson, and the extensive and rare treasures secured by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under Capt. Wilkes, in almost every department of national history and human ingenuity. Everything here is .open to the inspection of the public, and the hall is one of the most interesting for the stranger to visit to be found in the metropolis. In the first story of the same building are collected all the models of the machines which have been patented since the foundation of the government. The Post-Office Department was designed and built by Mr. Mills, of white marble and after the Corinthian order. It is three stories high, and two hundred and four feet long, and one hundred and two deep : it contains twenty-seven rooms on each floor, making eighty-one in all. It occupies a central position in the city, near the Department of the Interior, both of which are about half a miie from the President’s square and the other departments. With regard to the Office of the Attorney-General, which we have classed with the 310 WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. PURE SENNA FIGS, A Most Palatable and Certain Remedy for Habitual Costiveness, dec. PREPARED AND SOLD BY "w. h . c=r x X-B a. kt , Cor. Pennsylvania Avenue and 4 1-2 St. ro&eBa»an®HL a. ©„ TOBIAS, OFFICE TJF STAIRS, No, 512 Seventh Street, three doors from Odd Fellows’ Hall, washiest©®®^ ® 0 © 0 Solicits the inspection of his well assorted stock of Spectacles, in Gold, Silver, Steel, and German Silver, and Eye Glasses of every description. Manufacturer of Glasses to suit every vision, also, of Spectacles or Glasses fitted to suit a far and npar sight, to obviate the use of two pairs of Spectacles. Those who cannot conve- niently call, bv sending the glasses they have in use and stating how many inches they can see any ordinary print with them, can be suited with such as will enable them to see farther or nearer as they may require. Circulars to be had at the office, gratis, where also innumerable certificates are to be seen. Among the many to whom reference might be made, the following named will no doubt suffice : Hon. Henry A. Wise, Governor of Virginia ; Hon. Litt. W. Tazewell, of Norfolk, Va.; Judge J. F. May, of Petersburg, Va.; Dr. Simkins, of Norfolk, Va.; Dr. Seldon, of Norfolk, Va.; Rev. Win. B. Rowzie, of Lynchburg, Va.; Rev. Dr. R. B. Drane, of Wilmington, N. C.; John Wilson, Esq., late Commissioner of Land Office, Washington, D. C.; Dr. Blackford, of Lynchburg, Va.; and Ily. E. Baldwin, Esq., Assistant Secretary to the President of the United States. C. H. SVUJNOK, Manufacturer and Dealer in dSr' HOF 3HHT liilp ALSO, REPAIRING NEATLY EXECUTED, Pennsylvania Avenue near 6th Street, OPPOSITE NATIONAL HOTEL, TRIE SPECTATOR. INDEPENDENCE IN AMERICAN LITERATURE. PUBLISHED IN WASHINGTON, D. C., AND CHARLESTON, S. C. At, for single copies, $2 per annum ; three copies, $5 ; ten copies, $15 — in advance. AUG. F. HARYEY, Washington, 1 Editors and PAUL H. HAYNE, Charleston, / Proprietors. THE CITY OP WASHINGTON. Executive branches of the government, we have only to say that it derives its chief at- traction from the person who may occupy it, who must be, of ifecessity, a man of dis- tinguished ability. Rooms are assigned to him in the Treasury building, and it is to him that all knotty questions, in all the departments, are submitted for final settlement. The National Observatory is situated on the banks of the Potomac, in an obliquo direction from the President’s house, towards Georgetown. The site is a beautiful one, having a commanding view of Washington and Georgetown, of the Potomac River, and surrounding country, as far down as Fort Washington, opposite to Mount Vernon. It is a naval institution, under the control and management of Lieutenant M. F. Maury, U. S. N. The force employed at it consists principally of naval officers. Besides the astronomical duties of the establishment, here are kept all the nautical books, charts and instruments belonging to the navy. The apartment in which the chronometers are kept is a very interesting one. Before one of these instruments is purchased by government, it is required to be put on trial by the Superintendent of the Observatory for one year ; during which period it is compared daily with the great astronomical clock of the Observatory, which regulates the time for the whole city. The temperature of the room in which it is kept is also carefully ob- served, and recorded every day. The test is a severe one, and in case the instrument fails to come up to it, it is returned to the maker at the end of the year. The observations on the temperature in connection with the performance of the chro- nometer, enable the maker to improve the instrument, and on a second trial of another year it rarely fails to pass. There are from 60 to 100 chronometers always in this room, all of which are daily wound, and compared and treated in the manner described. Thus a complete and minute history is kept of each one. Here also are conducted the celebrated researches connected with the “Wind and Current Charts the habits of the Whale, and a variety of phenomena connected with the great deep. The National Observatory of Washington occupies a high rank among the observatories of the world, there being but two — those of Russia and Greenwich — superior to it. The largest telescope, called the Equatorial, is a 14 feet refractor, with an object-glass of 9 inches. It is mounted in the revolving dome on the top of the main building; and is so arranged with clock-work and machinery, that being directed to a star in the morn- ing, it may be left alone, when on returning to it in the evening, it will have followed the path of the star so exactly, that it will be found still pointing to the star, and the star will be visible through it. With its powers the stars are visible at mid-day. In one room below are the Meridian and Mural Circles. In another the Transit instru- ment; in another, the Prime Vertical instrument; and in another yet, the Great Refrac- tion Circle, invented by the superintendent : it is made by Ertel & Son, Munich, and taken altogether is, perhaps, one of the finest instruments anywhere to be found. But perhaps the most wonderful object at this interesting establishment is the Electro- Chronograph, invented by Dr. Locke, of Cincinnati. It is in the room with the Transit instrument, and is so arranged, by its connection with an electrical battery in the building, that its ticks may be heard in any part of the country to which the magnetic wires lead, provided they be put in connection with it. Thus it may be made of itself to record the time, and in such a manner, that the astrono- mer in Boston, New-Orleans, or elsewhere, will know it, and tell the time of day by this clock, as well as one who stands before it and reads the hands on its face. The Observatory regulates the time for Washington and Georgetown by the falling of a ball. At ten minutes before mean noon every day, a large black ball is hoisted to a flag staff, standing on the top of the dome. This is to give warning for those who wish to get the exact time of the day to look out. Precisely at twelve the ball drops. The whole city is informed of the exact time. The Arsenal occupies a fine position on the extreme southern point of the city, (called Greenleafs Point,) at the junction of the Eastern Branch with the Potomac, command- ing a beautiful and extensive view, over a broad expanse of water, towards the cities of Washington and Georgetown on the north, and Alexandria on the south. The channels of both rivers running near the Arsenal shore, afford all requisite facilities for receiving and shipping ordnance and other military stores. Although this site was originally reserved for the purpose of an arsenal, it was not oc- cupied by any building of importance until after the peace of 1814, when the building of the present establishment was commenced under the direction of the late Col. George 312 WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. W. T. DONIPHAN, INDEPENDENCE HALL >r jj Q A €> €> [BJ * Cor. 7th St. and Louisiana Avenue. Jg^ B1NIER & DCBANT S S J 3 L L O O N, S. W. Cor. Penn. Av. and Sixth Street. N. B.—PISTOL GALLERY UP STAIRS. W. H. HARSOVEE, DEALER IN dates, Stoics, TIN, SHEET IRON, •A^UXTID I »>) ore^JT; LTLSlLfo \A/ttAUil£lp SEVENTH STREET, Opposite Patriotic Bank, WASHINGTON CITY, H, 0 THE CITY OP WASHINGTON. Bomford. From the small square embraced in the first plan, the buildings have been gradually extended until they occupy nearly the whole reservation, and form one of the principal arsenals of construction in the United States. The work-shops contain much useful and ingenious machinery, propelled by steam, for manufacturing gun-carriages and equipments for artillery, and for preparing ammunition of all kinds. Among these may be noticed particularly the machines for planing and boring iron and wood, those for tenoning and morticing the spokes and hubs of wheels. Blanchard’s ingenious lathe for turning irregular forms in wood, such as spokes, axe- handles, &c. ; the machinery for making leaden bullets by pressing them out of the bar- lead instead of casting them ; and, above all, the beautiful machine for making and charg- ing percussion caps for small arms, invented by Mr. George Wright, a workman at the Arsenal By this last mentioned machine, a sheet of copper being inserted on one side, and some percussion powder put in a hopper on the other, the finished caps are produced without any further agency of the workman. In the spacious storehouses of the Arsenal are to be seen arms and equipments for the troops ; also a large number of gun-carriages and other apparatus for the service of the artillery in the forts and in the field, from the ponderous Colun biad for the defence of the coast, to the little mountain howitzer, which may be transported, with its miniature smith’s forge, on the back of a mule. The Model Office contains a collection of models or patterns of the various arms and military equipments used in our service, and also of such of those used in the armies of other nations as have been obtained by the ordnance department. Here may also be seen some specimens of old and new inventions, repeating arms, revolvers, &c., which have been suggested, at home or abroad, by the organ of destructiveness. In the gun bt are arra nged many pieces of ordnance and piles of balls, mostly of heavy calibre for the armament of the forts. In front of the old Arsenal square a small collection of foreign brass cannon will attract the notice of the visitor, who will perceive by the inscriptions that some of them are trophies of the success of our arms at Saratoga, Yorktown, Niagara, and Vera Cruz. The guns and carriages of Duncan’s field battery, which performed distinguished services on nearly every field of battle in the Mexican War, are likewise preserved at the Arsenal as a saluting battery. On the west side of the Arsenal grounds, near the river, are two pyramidal structures which often attract the curiosity of visitors, and of persons passing by the Arsenal These buildings contain an apparatus called a Ballistic Pendulum, which is used for testing the force of gunpowder when fired in heavy ordnance, and also for trying many other interest- ing experiments in gunnery. The Navy Yard is situated on the “ Anacostia,” a branch of the Potomac River, at the southern termination of Eighth street, east. It was established in the year 1800. The area covers about twenty acres, and is inclosed by a substantial brick wall, having a principal entrance at the foot of Eighth street, through a handsome arched gateway, de- signed by the celebrated architect, Benjamin H. Latrobe, Esq. Several comfortable residences have been erected for the accommodation of the commo- dore, the executive officers, the first lieutenant, surgeon, sailing-master, boatswain and gunner, whose official duties require their constant attendance in the Yard. The mechanical operations of this establishment are various and extensive, and the skill of the workmen and the excellence of the materials employed have been satisfactorily tested in every sea. Anchors of all sizes, for the naval service, are manufactured by the use of two heavy steam-hammers, (termed the “ Nasmyth Hammer,”) one of which weighs 3,600 pounds, the other 2,240 pounds. The forges for this work are kept in blast by a fan-blower attached to the steam engine in the machinist’s department. There is also in operation, in the anchor department, a direct action steam-hammer, (called the 11 Kirk Hammer,”) in connection with a blast furnace for working up into looms and bars all the scrap iron of the navy. The massive chain-cables are made in another shop, which is provided with a powerful hydrostatic press for testing their strength. These cables are highly esteemed for their superior finish, great strength and durability. Another department is engaged in the manufacture of galleys, cabooses, and copper powder-tanks, and of the various kinds of brass work appertaining to ships of war. The different machines employed in making these articles are driven by a steam-engine of about fifteen horse-power. A brass foundry is connected with this range of buildings on the eastern side of the Yard. A large and extensive iron foundrv has recently been erected, of sufficient capacity and 40 314 WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JOHN lEV-A-ITCHS, IFASMIKDNAIBILIE Penn. Avenue, between 12th and 13th Sts. NORTH SIDE, WflSHIHCTOB, 0. C. '->■ H. M. SHELDON, W Capital iicstanranl. CORNER OIF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE AND FIRST ST., Willi * ^ B. J. SEMME8, .A. 1ST JD Fill IF VIKS, BMRKt, &C. No. 399 Pennsylvania Avenue, Do ®o W. G. BITNEK, LOCK AN D GUN S 3 II 'C? E 23 e Pennsylvania Avenuej bet. 13th and 14th sts. WASHINGTON, IX O. THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. with the necessary facilities for moulding and casting the heaviest work ; connected with this foundry are the machines for boring, turning and planing the steam cylinders and other massive machinery required for the naval service. Adjoining the iron foundry are the ordnance and boiler-making departments, which are provided with a steam-engine of about twelve horse-power. The ordnance department is engaged in the fabrication of light brass ordnance, howitzers for boat and land service, of shot and shells, percussion caps, musket and pistol balls, &c. Some of this machinery is very ingenious and highly interesting. The boiler shop contains all the machinery necessary for the construction of boilers. Close by this range of buildings is a very extensive machine shop, in which are placed all the tools required in the manufacture of steam engines and machinery of every de- scription. When completed it will afford room for the employment of from one hundred and fifty to two hundred workmen. Attached to this shop is an engine of sixty horse- power, which also gives motion to the block-making machinery, and to the fan-blowcr3 of the anchor-making department. On the western side of the Yard is the pyro technical laboratory, in which are prepared all the articles for the navy appropriate to this department. There are two large ship-houses for building ships, under one of which is about to bo constructed a Marine Railway for hauling up steamers for repair. The grounds are beautifully laid out ; the avenues shaded with fine trees ; the plats neatly inclosed, and the whole preserved in handsome order. The Smithsonian Institution was founded upon a bequest of more than half a million of dollars made to the United States by an Englishman named James Smithson. Tho object of the bequest, according to his will, was “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” On the 1st of July, 1836, Congress solemnly accepted this im- portant trust, and the money was paid into the Treasury of the United States in 1838. The Act of Congress establishing the Institution as it now exists, was passed in 1846. The Institution is situated on the Mall, below the Capitol, and though the edifice is yet In an unfinished state, it presents a noble appearance, and is unquestionably one of tho great attractions of the metropolis. The style of the architecture is the Romanesque, the material a reddish freestone of fine grain, its extreme length is four hundred and fifty feet, its width one hundred and forty feet, and it has nine towers, varying in height from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty feet. The grounds which surround it arc very ex- tensive, and are now in progress of being beautified. To describe minutely the interior economy of this important establishment is not our intention in this place. We can only say that its beneficial influence upon the world at large has already been felt; it has already printed and circulated a number of valuable volumes, acquired collections in the way of natural history, and scientific as well as gen- eral literature, which are very valuable and very interesting, and engaged distinguished men to deliver lectures. The great library room when completed will be capable of hold- ing one hundred thousand volumes. The building is supplied with a lecture room, which will seat twelve hundred persons; and its museum, when completed, will be two hundred feet long, and filled with the wonders of nature and art from all parts of the world ; its rooms for chemical experiments will be more spacious and convenient than any to be found in the country ; and in the western wing, which is one hundred and twenty feet; long, will hereafter be located a gallery of art. The Washington Monument is not yet finished : we will not describe it as it is, but as it will be when completed, according to the design adopted by the Board of Managers. It stands on the Mall, between the President’s house and the Potomac, and embraces the idea of a grand circular colonnaded building two hundred and fifty feet in diameter, one hundred feet high, from which springs an obelisk shaft seventy feet in diameter at the base, and five hundred feet high, making a total elevation of six hundred feet. The vast rotundo, forming the grand base of the Monument, will be surrounded by thirty columns of massive proportions, twelve feet in diameter, and forty-five feet high, elevated upon a base of twenty feet in height, and three hundred feet square, surmounted by an entablature twenty feet high, and crowned by a massive balustrade fifteen feet in height. The terrace outside the colonnade will be twenty-five feet wide, and the walk within the colonnade twenty-five feet. The front portico will be adorned with a triumphal car and statue of the Illustrious Chief ; and over each column around the entire building will be sculptured escutcheons, coats of arms of each state of the Union, surrounded by bronze civic wreaths, banded together by festoons of oak-leaves, while the centre of tho 316 WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, WASHUMM©!! , Bo (Do HEFLEBO ~W E R & LOVETT, PROPRIETORS. JOSEPH W. KELLY, MARBLE & BROWN-STONE CUTTER, IRiB n IB 'USS^ And all kinds of Marble and Brown Stone promptly executed, E. STREET, BETWEEN 13tli AND 14th, AND COR. NEW YORK AY. AND 15th ST. W jfV rr Gr t o w THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. portico will be emblazoned with the coat of arms of the United States. Around the ro- tundo will be stationed statues of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence : in niches prepared for the purpose, statues of the Fathers of the Revolution, contemporary with Washington ; and directly opposite to the entrance will be placed a statue of Washington himself. The interior of the shaft will be embellished with a great variety of inscriptions ; at one point it will be ornamented with four of the leading events of Washington’s career, sculptured in basso relievo, above which will be placed a single star, emblematic of the glory which the name of Washington has attained ; and in the centre of the Monument will be placed the tomb of the Father of his Country. The National Medical College, instituted in 1823, is now in successful operation. It was, until a few years past, known as the Medical Department of the Columbian College, from which institution it derives its authority to confer degrees, under an act of incorpora- tion from the Congress of the United States. The edifice is conveniently situated in a central part of the city — equidistant from the Capitol and President’s house — near the principal hotels and boarding-houses — and at the same time secluded from the noise and bustle of business. The requisites for graduating are, that the candidate shall have attended the lectures of each Professor two full courses, or one full course in this school, and one full course in some other respectable institution. He must have a fair moral character, and he shall have dissected during at least one session. He shall have entered his name with the Dean of the Faculty as a candidate for graduation, and delivered to him an Inaugural Dissertation upon some medical subject, thirty days before the close of the session, and pass a satisfac- tory examination. The Columbian College, which was incorporated in 1821, is beautifully situated on an eminence, adjoining the City Corporation, on the north, and on Fourteenth-street west. It is a fine brick edifice, four stories high, and overlooks the city, the capitol, and other public buildings ; and commands a fine view of the Potomac, with the surrounding coun- try, for many miles in extent. In beauty and healthfulness of position, it is unsurpassed ; and its local advantages are such as no other situation in the country can afford. The College has a good library, a valuable philosophical apparatus, and other means and facilities for pursuing a thorough and liberal course of studies. The last Catalogue, (1850,) embraces a President, and twelve Professors and Teachers — including those of the Na- tional Medical College, which is under the same corporation — one hundred students, and between two and three hundred alumni. The Coast Survey Office Buildings, occupied for the use of the United States Coast Survey, are situated on the west side of New-Jersey avenue, about a sixth of a mile from the Capitol. They consist of four old houses, in a block, presenting a decidedly rusty ex- terior, and in no way looking like public buildings. The National or Congressional Burial Ground, situated about one mile east of the Capitol, embraces about ten acres, commands an extensive view of the country, and is well inclosed with a brick wall, laid out with taste, and beautified with trees and shrubbery. It was located in 1807, and has since been in the keeping of an incorporated company. The monuments are manifold, and many of them beautiful and in addition to several private vaults is one spacious and well constructed, inclosed by a neat railing, built by the order and the expense of Congress, as a place of deposit for the dead whose remains it may be the purpose of friends subsequently to remove. The City Hall, the official home of the City Fathers, was commenced in 1820, and finished in 1850, it having remained a kind of ruin during most of the intervening time. It is a large and handsome edifice, and occupies a commanding position on Judiciary square, is 200 feet in length, and after the stucco style of architecture. The Circuit and Criminal Courts hold their sessions in this hall ; also the members of the City Councils. The Mayor has his office here, and so also have a large number of the city attorneys. The Public Schools of Washington are quite numerous : of free public schools there are four, with quite a large retinue of primary schools, which are carried on at an annual expense of about $12,000. Select schools and seminaries for the education of both sexes, also exist in different parts of the city, several of them of a high and established character. Public attention has been strongly directed to these institutions, and perhaps in no other city are there to be found superior advantages of education, which are annually on the increase. There are also several excellent boarding-school# in W ashington, and two or three in Georgetown. The National Institute was founded in 1840, and has for its object the promotion of ficience in all departments. It holds its meetings and has its head-quarters at the WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 318 SCHWARTZE, . PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, (NEXT DOOR TO U. S. HOTEL,) Keeps constanstly on hand an extensive assortment of Drugs, Chemicals, Dental and Surgical Instruments. Also, French, English, and German Perfumery. ©(UJTIFBT, Consisting of genuine English Razors, Razor Strops, Penknives, &c.; together with a full assortment of Fancy Goods, of every description, including all kinds of Combs, Brushes, &c. G-EK7TTI3NTE SEGARS, Of the very best quality; all of which will be sold at the very lowest cash prices. THOMPSON, HAMILTON & CO. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN XjBica.-ax<33^«s, Segar®, cfcc. 393 Pennsylvania Av., South Side, bet. 4 1-2 and 6th Sts. W A.SPLIIVG-TOLV, ID. O- ENCOURAGE YOUR OWN MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURERS! SHIRTS! SHIRTS!! SHIRTS!!! MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, CITIZENS AND STRANGERS, ARE INVITED TO CALL AT WM. H. FAULKNER’S FASHIONABLE SHIRT MANUFACTORY. AND LEAVE THEIR MEASURES. His Shirts are warranted to fit in all cases, the style and patterns of which have received the unqualified commendation of gentlemen in all parts of the United States. All Shirts made at his Establishment are as good and as cheap as they can be purchased in New York. Thankful for the favors already received, he respect- fully solicits a continuance of the same. Also on hand a splendid assortment of Silk and Merino Undershirts and Drawers; also, Gloves, Cravats, Socks, and every other article suitable for a Gentleman’s wardrobe, at prices which cannot fail to suit. WM. IT . FAULKNER, (sign of the shirt,) South Side Pennsylvania Avenue, bet. 3d and 4th Streets, OPPOSITE UNITED STATES HOTEL, 'n&saiaEi ©* THE CITY OF GEORGETOWN. Patent Office, and the President is Peter Force, Esq. It has a miscellaneous library of nearly 4,000 vols., pamphlets, maps and charts, with a few interesting manuscripts and in the cabinet are many medals and coins. The library is always open to the in spection of the public. The Metropolis is well supplied with Churches, and considering its extent is quite as well supplied with eloquent preachers as any city in the Union. Of Baptist churches there are four — one on Tenth street, one on E., and two on Virginia avenue ; their con- gregations are all large, and their pastors popular. Of Catholic churches there are four, — St. Matthew’s, on H. street; St. Peter’s, on Second; St. Patrick’s, on F; and St. Mary’s, on Fifth. Of Episcopal churches there are five, viz: Christ Church, on G street; St. John’s, on H ; Trinity, on Third; Epiphany, on G; and Ascension, on H. The Trinity Church edifice is the handsomest, devoted to religion, in the city. In this church, as indeed in ail the other churches of the city, a certain number of pews are assigned to strangers. St. John’s church stands directly in front of the President’s house. There is also one Quaker meeting held in the city, on I street; and two Lutheran churches, the English on H street, and the German on G street. Of Methodist churches there are seven in the city — one on 4th, one on 14th, one on 5th, one on Massa- chusetts avenue, one on Maryland avenue, one on 9th street, and one on Virginia avenue. Of Presbyterian churches there are six — one on F street, one on 8th street, one on 4£ street, one on H, and two on 9th street. There is also one Unitarian church in the city, on D street; and of colored churches there are some half dozen scattered about the city. Hotels are quite numerous, out not sufficiently so, even now, to accommodate the public. With one or two unimportant exceptions, they are all situated on Pennsylvania avenue. The names of the principal ones are the National Hotel, Brown’s Hotel, Wil- lard’s Hotel, Gadsby’s Hotel, the Irving Hotel, the United States Hotel, the Potomac Hotel, and Tyler’s HoteL The finest hotel edifice in Washington is that recently erect- ed by Mr. Brown, which is very large, and has a beautiful marble front. All these hotels are supplied with the best of a first-rate market, and with numerous and generally accommodating servants. From the doors of each, the stranger may at almost any moment step into a convenient and elegant omnibus, and go to almost any part of the city he may desire. THE CITY OF GEORGETOWN. This city, a suburb of Washington, is situate on the Potomac, being divided from the capital by Rock Creek. It is beautifully located on a range of hills, rising above the former river, and stretches in undulating beauty along its borders. The Heights of Georgetown are lofty eminences, overlooking the city from the north and west. Along these are many splendid villas, the residences of gentlemen of wealth and distinction, and extensive gardens in the highest state of cultivation. Nothing can surpass the splendor of the panorama here presented. Below reposes the city, to the north the metropolis, and, as far as the eye can reach, the silvery Potomac courses through the most beautiful scenery. The city presents many objects of attraction. Its ancient college, a Catholic institu- tion ; its nunnery ; its various literary institutions ; its splendid aqueduct, and other noted edifices, are worthy of attention. Georgetown College is situated on the north bank of the Potomac, at the west end of the city, and commands a full view of the surrounding country. In the year 1785 five gentlemen, among whom was the Right Rev. John Carroll, first Catholic Bishop of the United States, and subsequently Archbishop of Baltimore, formed a design of building “An Academy at Georgetown, Potowmack River, Maryland.” In 1789 the first edifice was built ; in 1792 the schools were opened, and in 1799 it became “ The College of George- town, Potomac River, State of Maryland.” In May, 1815, Congress raised it to the dignity of an University ; and in May, 1851, a Medical Department was opened at Washington. The college buildings are spacious, and contain a fine library of 25,000 volumes, an exten- sive Philosophical Apparatus, and a Museum of Natural History. An Astronomical Ob- servatory, 60 feet long and 30 feet wide, and furnished with first-class instruments, stands 500 yards west of the college. The academic year begins on the 15th September, and ends with July. The curriculum of studies occupies seven years, and embraces all the WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 320 DUNBAR S. DYSON, No, 268 Pennsylvania avenue, corner Twelfth street, DR. D. McFARLAN, OFFICE— Corner of Pennsylvania avenue and 12th st. OVER DYSON’S DRUG STORE, ENTRANCE O 3KT T W E L IF T H STREET, W AgMSMf OSTb ©9 0 e JOSEPH W. NAIRN. ALBERT G. PALMER. NAIRN 8c PALMER, (SUCCESSORS TO PATTERSON & NAIRN,) DEALERS IN DRUGS, CHEMICALS, fiH&BM. W&mm, 1PAM1F 5TOQMS8, FANCY ARTICLES, PERFUMERY, &,o. Corner Ninth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, WA@lnlOIMQT©IM» E>. ©. VICINITY OF THE CAPITAL. sciences, literatures, &c., known to humanity. The college staff consists of a President, and Professors in each department The establishment is under the direction of members of the Society of Jesus. The Nunnery or Convent of the Visitation is situate on the heights contiguous to the eastern margin of the Potomac, and commands a view of that magnificent river, and, at a distance, of the city of Washington. The building appropriated for the Ladies’ Academy is of brick, between 200 and 300 feet in length by 40 feet in breadth. It is a handsome structure, and in the interior a combination of neatness and elegance. These buildings, occupying part of the side of an oblong square, which contains an area of four or five acres, a portion of which is laid out as a Botanic Garden. There are other edifices of great extent on the same square, comprising the Archbishop’s residence, an elegant church, the convent, and charity schools. The whole is under the direction of the Sisters of the Visitation ; and the course of instruction is one embracing all the accomplishments of the age. Among other institutions of learning, the most distinguished are — Mr. Abbot’s English and Classical Academy and Miss English’s Female Seminary ; both, in their several spheres, schools of the highest order. The Aqueduct, which conveys the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal over the Potomac, is a stupendous work, and an attraction to all men of science. It was constructed under the superintendence of Major Turnbull, of the United States Topographical Engineers, and cost nearly $2,000,000. The piers, nine in number, and 36 feet above high water-mark, are built of granite, and embedded seventeen feet in the bottom of the river, with a foundation upon solid rock, so as to withstand the shock of the spring ice, which rushes furiously from the falls and narrows above, crushing with tremendous force against the bridge, and sweeping every movable before it. These piers, built in the most masterly manner, will bear up against any force that may be propelled against them. This aque- duct connects the great canal with the city of Alexandria, Va. Its length is 1,446 feet. The new Cemetery on the heights, when completed as designed, will also be a great ornament to the city. It was laid out in 1849, at the expense and under the direction of W. W. Corcoran, Esq., the eminent banker, and a native of the District. It is known as M O.ak Hill Cemetery.” A capacious mausoleum, or public vault, has been constructed in a central portion, the front of which is of dressed granite, in the Henry VIII. style of Gothic. This receptacle is designed to hold 40 or 50 coffins, lying entirely clear of each other, and is, by well-contrived ventilation, purified of noxious exhalations of every kind. The donor of the land has also added to the cemetery a massive front iron railing a gate- keeper’s lodge, in the Norman style, and an elegant Gothic chapel, adorned with beautiful stained-glass windows — the two latter buildings having been planned by Renwick. Georgetown was formerly a port of some note, and had considerable trade, and is even now a thriving and busy place. It is connected by canal or railroad with all parts of the Union. Of late years many improvements have been made in its streets, and many new buildings have been erected. The city is also engaged in manufactures ; it has a rolling mill and cotton factory in successful operation ; and numerous flouring mills. The general statistics of the city are exhibited on a former page. VICINITY OF THE CAPITAL. Within a few miles of the national metropolis, there are several places noted for inci- dents connected with our national history, or as the residences of men who have gained the esteem of the people. Without some notice of these no description of the district would be complete ; the most conspicuous are the city of Alexandria, the Village of Bladensburg, Mount Vernon — the homestead of Washington, Arlington House, Little Falls, &c., &c. Alexandria. — This city, though no longer within the District of Columbia, is well de- serving notice, enjoying a very high character for the manners and virtues of its inhabitants, and also for many commercial advantages. It carries on considerable trade with the West Indies, and also with Europe, and with the eastern and southern states. The town is laid off at right angles, and is the residence of a number of old and wealthy families, who still exhibit the manners of Virginians of the time of “ Fitzhugh, of Chatham, and of Washington.” The spectator who, from the western front of the Capitol, overlooks the beautiful and diversified plain which stretches beneath and around it, will discern, at the distance of about six miles to the south, this busy port. Facilities for reaching it are afforded by the WASHNGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 322 MARTIN P. KING, 48)@ ATHMTO, Wear 3d Street, Ii HARMON BURNS, FASIIBRASLB BOOT AND SIS STOSS, No. 408 Pennsylvania Avenue, A FEW DOORS EAST OF NATIONAL HOTEL, WASHINGTON, D . C. Has in store a large assortment of Boots and Shoes for Ladies, Gentlemen, Misses, Boys , Youths and Chil- dren’s wear, of the best material and workmanship. WASHI3NTG-TON STOVE 1A1UIACT01T, S. E. Cor. Pennsylvania Avenue and 11th St. WASHINGTON, D. C. UNION AND INVINCIBLE ®®@esst© smj«p - CHILSON’S qi)0 Deriiilqfiiig APPAHATUS. Constantly on hand, and receiving FEINOUR STOVES, FOR HEATING TWO STORIES, Parlor and Chamber Grates, Enameled and Cooking, Hall, Parlor, Chamber Dining Room Stoves. Plain, Tinned and Enameled Iron Hollow Ware. Block Tin, Planished and Japanned Ware in great variety, all of which will be sold at the low- est possible rates, that will compare favor- ably with any Establishment south of New York. An examination of my stock is ear- nestly solicited. JAS. SKIRVING. VICINITY OF THE CAPITAL. steamboats, Avhich ply at almost every hour of the day, and also by a bridge across the Potomac, and an excellent turnpike. The strikingly beautiful features of the intervening country — the graceful outline of the Virginia hills, confronted by those of Maryland — the broad and majestic expanse of the Potomac — all conspire to render an excursion to Alexandria one of the most agreeable incidents which can await the tourist. Few, comparatively, of the interior towns of the United States can look back, like Alex- andria, on the vicissitudes of more than a century. Its foundation dates from 1748; and that it was early a place of some note, is shown by the fact, that five colonial governors met here by appointment, in 1755, to take measures with General Braddock respecting his expedition to the West. That expedition proceeded from Alexandria ; and tradition still points to the site on which now stands the older Episcopal Church, (but then “ in the woods,”) as the spot where he pitched his tents, while the road over the western hills, by which his army withdrew, long bore the name of this unfortunate commander. But the reminiscences which the Alexandrians most cherish are those which associate their town with the domestic attachments and habits of Washington. The reader of his letters and addresses will remember that he constantly speaks of them as his old and valued fellow-citizens, his kind and cherished neighbors and associates. Writing from Yorktown, he assures them that 11 amidst all the vicissitudes of time and fortune, he should ever regard with particular affection the citizens and inhabitants of Alexandria.” On an- other occasion he mentions, with seeming exultation, that the people cf Alexandria, who, on hearing of the ratification of the Constitution by the requisite number of the States, had determined to vote a day of festivity, “ constituted the first public assembly which had the pleasure of pouring out a libation to the ten States that had actually adopted the General Government.” This friendly interest was manifested on every occasion, and a legacy of £1,000 to a free school in the town testifies that it ceased only wdth his life. Nor were the Alexandrians backward in acknowledging, nor have they since been un- mindful of the honor which so intimate and dordial an intercourse conferred upon their city. Of the sympathies which reassured him in the hour of difficulty, of the acclamations which greeted him in that of his success, theirs were not the least fervent, or the least welcome. It was this “ voice from home” which, amid the applauses of the world, seemed ever to come with most acceptance to the heart of Washington. The stranger in Alexan- dria is still pointed to the church of which he was a vestryman, to the pew in which he customarily sat ; and many striking memorials of his varied life are carefully preserved. Among the public works which attest the spirit or animate the hopes of the Alexan- drians, the first place is undoubtedly due to the canal, recently completed. The intelligent observer who views the aqueduct at Georgetown, which forms a part of it, will be as- tonished that so stupendous an undertaking should have entered into the contemplation of a community like that of Alexandria. Nor is it possible that it could have been effected until after long years of embarrassment and distress, had not the timely aid of the federal government been extended to the work. This canal will open to Alexandria the resources of the Upper Potomac, and confer on the town unsurpassed facilities for manufacturing. The abundance and cheapness of provisions, and the salubrity of the air, are favorable to this object ; and many flourishing manufactories of iron, leather, peltries , &c., already exist. In the neighborhood of this city is the Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church of Virginia, with several able and learned professors. A new court-house, of large dimensions and handsome design, has recently been added to the conveniences of the town. The museum, kept in rooms over the market-house, is well worth attention, comprising, as it does, more personal relics of General Washington than can be found elsewhere, and also a large and curious collection of specimens in natural history. The churches and houses of worship belonging to the town are numerous, commo- dious, and well attended. Public schools are many, and their exemplary character has acquired for Alexandria wide repute as a theatre of education. Within a few years past, an association, styled the Lyceum, and accommodated in a new and tasteful edifice, built of freestone, after the Doric order, has served to evince that the citizens of Alexandria are not behind the most enlightened communities of the age in a love of letters, or a zeal for improvement. The course of lectures delivered during the winter, brings together, with great regularity, a crowded audience ; and to the ordinary attractions of the institution have occasionally been added the names of such lecturers as Adams, Barnard, Cushing, Goodrich, Gurley, &c. A large cotton factory has lately been erected, also a handsome edifice called Odd Fel- 324 WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. AHTHOHY BUCKLY, Shop and Residence, Ho. 303 Pa. Av., S. Side, Between 9th and 10th Sts. WASHINGTON. I). C. READY-MADE COFFINS, OF ALL SIZES, ALWAYS ON HAND. SAM’L HAMILTON. JNO. E. LEACH. HAMILTON & LEACH, Importers and Dealers in Foreign PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, WASHOWGTOW, D 0 <0. MICHAEL HOEFA & CO. PRACTICAL WATCHMAKERS k JEWELERS, CORNER OR 11th AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, WASHINGTON, D. C. GEO. M. MILLER’S Opposite the Athenaeum, Penn’a Avenue, ^&©SSaS3f3S©23, S. ©. Hair and Whiskers dyed and curled in the most fashionable manner. Also, Cup- ping, Leeching, Bleeding, and Teeth extracted at all hours of the day or night. N. B.— Fresh Leeches always on hand. ' VICINITY OF THE CAPITAL. lows’ Hall ; and other improvements have been made, creditable to the enterprise of Alexandria. Large quantities of flour are shipped from Alexandria, and recently the coal trade is becoming of some importance, while increased attention is given to manufactures. Rising by a gentle acclivity from the water’s edge, the country subsides into a wide and level plain, until it reaches the base of a range of hills, whose summits, at different points, (such as Shuter’s Hill, Mount Ida, Arlington, &c.,) present a succession of views, which for extent, variety, and beauty, it might be difficult to rival. The population of Alexandria, by the census of 1850, was : whites, 6,390 j free colored, 1,301 ; slaves, 1,061 , total, 8,752. Mount Vernon. — This seat of the illustrious man, who will ever be first in the hearts of his countrymen, is distant from Washington, on the Virginia side of the Potomac, fifteen miles. The most usual mode of visiting it, is by taking a steamboat to Alexandria, and a passage thence (eight miles) in a coach or omnibus. The central part of the Mount Vernon house was built by Lawrence Washington, brother to the General ; the wings were added by the General, and the whole named after Admiral Vernon, under whom Lawrence Washington had served. The house is of wood, two stories high, ninety-six feet in length, and with a portico extending the whole distance. It contains on the ground-floor six rooms : one of them at the northeast, large and lofty, with a fine marble mantel-piece, sent to General Washington from Italy. In front of the house, and gradually sloping down to the river, is a handsome lawn, embracing five or six acres, planted with poplars and shrubbery. This place, on the death of the late Judge Washington, passed into the possession of his nephew, John Augustine Washington. The gardens and green-house, planted and preserved by General Washing- ton, have been carefully guarded, and are objects of great interest to visitors. The library-room remains as when occupied by General Washington. A summer-house Stands about two hundred yards from the house, and very near the river, and commands a goodly prospect of the Potomac and opposite Maryland shore. On the bill side, toward3 the river, at about one hundred and fifty yards west from the summer-house, and perhaps thirty rods from the house, is the vault where repose the remains of Washington. Everything about Mount Vernon is in keeping with the great man whose home it was. The trees are large and shady. The vistas through the woods, commanding glimpses of the glittering river and the passing sails, the green slopes basking in the sun, and gradu- ally losing themselves beneath the shadowy underbrush, present a beautiful and pictur- esque scene. The house itself is two stories high, and surmounted by a small cupola, with a weathercock, the gilding of which, though ancient and storm-beaten, is as brilliant as if it had been done but yesterday. The piazza reaches from the ground to the eaves of the roof, and is guarded on the top by a light and tasteful balustrade. Tire pillars are large and graceful, and present a simple and grand idea to the mind. Beneath this porch the Father of his country was accustomed to walk, and the ancient stones, to hearts of enthusiastic patriotism, are full of deep and meditative interest. The interior is wainscot- ed, after the fashion of those days, with highly- wrought cornices and shafts. The rooms are generally small, except the dining-room, which is a spacious and hospitable hall. The whole house presents a curious spectacle. Everything reminds one of former days ; and in treading the halls of Mount Vernon, the mind reverts incessantly to that majest-ic form, whose shadow, cast upon those very walls, seems to the mind’s eye ready to start before us into life. The cedars on the sodded vault are withered. Here slept, from the day of his burial until within a few years back, the body of the illustrious chief. A new vault was built a short distance off, and thither he was removed. In a sarcophagus now sleep the remains of Washington. The lid is wrought with the arms of his country, and the simple but elegant epitaph is his name. By his side, in a corresponding tomb, are the ashes of u Martha, consort of Washington.” This tomb is surrounded by venerable old oaks, and thick shrubbery spreads its foliage down the hill to the water’s edge. The evergreen boughs of the cedar are interspersed among the oaks, and the position of the sepulchre is very picturesque and appropriate. When Lafayette visited the tomb, he descended alone into the vault, and after a few minutes appeared bathed in tears. When leaving the vault, Mr. Custis presented General Lafayette with a gold ring containing some of the hair of Washington. George W. Lafayette stated to Mr. Levasseur that everything in the house was as when he saw it twenty-eight years before. He found in the place where Washington himself had left it, the principal key of the Bastile, which had been sent him by Lafayette. Bladensburo. — History has the name of Bladensburg recorded in her annals. It is 326 WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. J. IOION & SON, LATE OF NEW YORK, WHOI.KSA I-IC AWD IlISrAII. DZAI.SRS I.V JfffrMgit, gomtsfk, Jfaittjr aik Staple grg dkofrs, j\- Oc *j? xx hbz lc e: -w yok.k. cash, store, (white & son’s old stand,) INTO. SSI 3? E 3>T 3XT S YL "V 1ST I .A. AVENUE, rr^oT’} israaaaaaa» <3» GH&ELES MALLARD, DEALER IN Pennsylvania Avenne, corner 13 th Street, W A § M D N Q T © N . C. M. keeps a choice supply of PORK, BEEF, POULTRY and all kinds of PROVISIONS, the best the market affords. 0. H. VAN PATTEN, M. D. Office, near Brown’s Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, Charges New York and Philadelphia prices, and guarantees his work to be equal to any done in those Cities. BRIDGET & HALL, COACH MAKERS, Pennsylvania Avenue, BETWEEN 4J- & GTE STREETS, VICINITY OF THE CAPITAL. Situated on the turnpike road leading from Washington to Baltimore, and before the Revolution was a town of some commercial importance, transacting considerable business in tobacco, flour, and other agricultural produce j but it is now only a small village. The view presents the heights around the village, and the bridge over the Eastern Branch, which, though it flows here a shallow stream, afterwards assumes the bold features of a river. The road in the foreground is that along which the British army marched to the battle, and afterwards to Washington. On this bridge the English fell in columns, swept off by the repeated discharges of the American artillery. In vain, for some mo- ments, were the commands of officers — in vain, the force of thorough discipline and ap- proved courage. The forces could not advance ; they wavered under the terrible dis- charge ; and had the scenes of that unfortunate day been equalled by the check given the enemy on the bridge of Bladensburg, the metropolis of the nation would not have fallen under the fires of an invading army. Arlington House. — By this name is the mansion of George Washington Park Custis designated. It occupies a commanding position on the Virginia side of the Potomac, nearly opposite Georgetown. The edifice is extensive, elegant and imposing — two hundred feet above the water — and commands a very fine view of the Capitol. At this place are pre- served many rare and valuable pictures, and other relics, descended from the ancestors of Mr. Custis, and some of them once in the possession of Gen. Washington : for example, the Mount Vernon Plate, and the Bed and Bedstead of Washington on which he expired. Among the pictures are portraits by Vandyke, Kneller, Stuart, and Trumbull, which are alone worth a pilgrimage to the place, where the accomplished proprietor is always happy to see his friends, who annually pay him their respects by thousands. The Little Falls. — These are about three miles above Georgetown, and at the head of tide-water. The great Potomac is here so greatly contracted that a stone can be tossed from one shore to the other ; the fall of water is about fifteen feet ; the surrounding scenery is wild and exceedingly picturesque ; and the spot is particularly famous as a re- sort for the followers of the gentle art. The principal game fish caught here are the rock fish or striped bass : and the spot is sometimes visited by the anglers of places as remote as Baltimore and Charleston. The fame of The Little Falls has been somewhat increased of late years, by the fact that it has become a favorite angling haunt of the Hon. Daniel Webster. The Great Falls of the Potomac , which are well worth visiting, are about ten miles further up the river, and may be reached by carriage or canal boat. \ HKh!i ■ 5 slflli BD BilBii ! 8 8lf i il 8 IS SI B M M i , i 1 ‘ ~ vi' 1 1 ■ » 1 7> n i Tn "i i 1 NVOACH FACTORY PENN AVENUE ^y°.45 5.WASHINGTON . D . C . / 328 WASHINGTON BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CHARLES STOTT, • iflEOICIHEw, CHEMICALS, FANCY ARTICLES, EcsisnonsjaEj, @n&s 9 WINDOW GLASS, &o. &o. COR. PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE AND 7th STREET, ^3 QQ a 5 'jr csa 'o* ^ a <^> a &m AND PICTURE FRAME MANUFACTURER, ass Pennsylvania Avenue, OPPOSITE KIRKWOOD HOUSE, © S3 , © . 0 „ WALL, BARNARD & CO. Auction and Commission Merchants, No. 317 South Side of Pennsylvania Avenue, CORNER OF 9th STREET, WASHINGTON, ZD. C. i®- Sales of Real and Personal Property, of every description, attended to on the most reasonable terms. Cash advances made on Consignments . R. McBLDOWNEY 8c CO. mmms AND nmm mbs a n Nos, 199 and 201 Baltimore Street, In the early part of July 1856, we expect to remove to No. 14 NORTH CHARLES STREET, CORNER OF FAYETTE. In the selection of our new place of business, we have kept in view the convenience of our customers, and being but one square removed from the principal thoroughfare, with vastly decreased expenses, low prices, fair dealing and increased fa- cilities for an extensive retail business, we hope to merit that patronage so liberally bestowed upon us at our Old Stand. R McELDOWNEY & CO. N M. P. ENSBY’S SPLENDID HEW SKY Lt@HT Daguerreian No. 127 Broadway CORNER OF BANK ST. OPPOSITE THE Cholic .©lujfrcf}, AND PUBLIC SCHOOL, The clearness, boldness and durability of Mr. Ensev’s pictures are second to none in the city. He attends in person, and never fails to satisfy his patrons. Pictures taken in all weather at moderate prices. henry McCaffrey, AND DEALER IN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, No. 189 BALTIMORE STREET, M ID. liberal discount to Seminaries and Teachers. T. II. HANSON DAVID BANKS. F1NITU1 II CHAIR MANUFACTUfiEBS, 35 & 37 S. Calvert Street, AND 59 SOUTH STREET, K eep always on hand of their own manufacture? Furniture and Chairs €> If HgtfSlIflJi AND mis gismo, NO. rn WEST PRATT ST., ABOVE EUTAW, MB. All orders from the country thankfully re- ceived and punctually attended to at the shortest notice. Gas Fitting promptly attend- ed to. T CARPENTERS & BUILDERS, No. 346 WEST PRATT STREET, WEST OF GcJElJESJETSr^:, Would respectfully inform their friends and the community, that they are prepared to do all work entrusted to their care on the most reasonable terms, and at the shortest notice. Repairing attended to with promptness. STORES SHELVED and FITTED UP on terms that cann6t fail to please all who may favor them with their patronage. U WM. H. JOHNSON, MANUFACTURER OF GENTLEMEN’S & YOUTHS’ FASHIONABLE IHI MOB ^0 In 1 IseJ 0= No. 92, BALTIMORE STREET, BETWEEN HOLIDAY AND GAY STREETS, Invites the attention of the public to his extensive assortment of DRESS, FRENCH CALF and PATENT LEATHER s^wsg s h o m s in All Manufactured by himself, in the Latest French Styles, of the very best materials, and for sale at the very Lowest Prices. Persons troubled w'ith tender feet, and who find it difficult to get fitted, are particu- larly requested to call, as by a particular method of taking measure, he is enabled to fit those w.hose feet are covered with Corns or Bunions, and to please the most fastidious. * Drawings taken of the feet, and a pair of lasts kept expressly for each customer, by which means the Boots fit as easily when first put on, as they usually do when half worn out. Strangers leaving their measure when in the city, can have their Boots made and sent to any part of the United States. The undersigned prides himself upon making really good articles, and will suffer none others to leave his Store. Wi B Ha ' $ © [HI M 8 © M, 92 BALTIMORE STREET, V WILLIAM M. IVES, FIRE HEM EUR A1 Mil FOUNDER. No. 2 WEST FALLS AVENUE, ■ © & fL T fl m ® © Is prepared to build FIRE APPARATUS of every description, such as ENGINES, SUCTIONS and HOSE CARRIAGES, on the latest and most approved models. Particu- lar attention is given to repairing APPARATUS. He is also prepared to furnish HOSE and HOSE PIPES, SCREWS, WRENCHES, TORCHES, FLAMBEAUS and all kinds of Brass Work, Force Pumps, Rivets, Brass Solda and Draw Cocks for Mineral Water. ALE PUMPS made and fitted up in the best manner and on the most reason- able terms. ORDERS from a distance will meet with prompt attention. jpgt'A.IAj WORK DONE BY ME WARRANTED TO GIVE ENTIRE SATISFACTION. H. GROUT’S PATENTED, January, 1856. This LANTERN possesses at least 50 per cent, adyantage over all others now in use, from the facility with which the glass can all be put in the Lantern, or removed for the purpose of cleaning or keeping it in repair, without taking the Lantern down from the post or requiring the aid of a glazier. I am now prepared to Manufacture Lanterns to order, or to sell^rights to manufacture and sell the same. H- . C R O TJ T . Also, METALLIC ROOFER AND SPOUTER, No. 87 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, zm Lki TO a C2> Si S3 ® All Orders for LANTERNS, ROOFING, SPOUTING, TIN WARll, STOVES, &c., promptly attended to. SIGNS TO SUIT THE TIMES! ROACH & CLI3STE III, TMMM111T AND ORNAMENTAL 9 BLOCK, SCRIPT, And every Variety of Signs Painted at the Lowest Prices. No. 79 LOMBARD STREET, Exchange Place, BALTIMORE. w PERKINS’ mm w mi i*s<&hs No. 99 Baltimore Street, id a Bair asusas. Mr. P. returns sincere thanks to his many friends and patrons of the old establishment, corner of North and Baltimore Streets, for the ' last ten years, and hopes to merit a continuance of their favor in this, his new and SPLENDID GALLERY OF ART, which has been built under his own supervision and fitted up in the very best manner, with- out regard to expense. He pledges his best endeavors to please and is determined that none who may have likenesses taken, shall leave with an imperfect picture. Our prices are from one dollar upwards, according to the character of the work and style of case furnished. Strangers and citizens will find 99 to be the resort of the fashionable and elite of the city, always having polite and obliging assistants whose pleasure it is to please. P. L. PERKINS, No. 99 Baltimore Street, A few doors below the Sun Iron Building , and at the old Corner of North and Baltimore Streets, opposite Sun Iron Buildmg. ~ " ' ' ■ -7— — . TT-W" ■■ X SOUTHERN AND WESTERN DEVOTED TO THE PROMOTION OF Same, ^rt, Jflmifatlurts, Commerce, Agriculture anCCrabc, DESIGNED AS AA AID FOR ' ' MERCHANTS, PLANTERS AND BUSINESS MEN, FOR THE DESK AND THE SHOME CIRCLE. EDITED BY J.- C. G. KENNEDY, LATE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS. ASSISTED RY RICHARD EDWARDS. ONLY TWO DOLLARS PER, ANNUM, THREE DOLLARS AT THE END OF THE YEAR. ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE SOUTHERN PRINTING A-ND PUBLISHING COMPANY, RICHMOND, VA., SAVANNAH, NASHVILLE, ST. LOUIS AND LOUISVILLE FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS AND APPOINTED AGENTS. New Series. SEPTEMBER, 1856 fVoL. 1, No. 1. HERRINGS PATENT FII AND BURGLAR PROOF SAFES, Awarded the Prize Medal at the World’s Fair London 1851’and at the World’s Fair New York, 1853-’54. FARRELS AND HERRINS, Philadelphia. RICE & NORRIS Agents, 46 & 48 LIGHT STREET, The above unequalled safes are still offered to the public, as the “ ne plus ultra ” of their kind. An experience of fifteen years has enabled the manufacturers to introduce and perfect improvements, which will not only sustain their former reputation,* but places them far ahead of all similar protectors. Nearly fifteen thousand “ Herring’s Safes, ” have been sold and are now in actual use and more than Two Hundred have passed safely through accidental fires without the occurrence of a single loss, even within the year just passed, these well known Safes have been the means of preserving hundreds of thousands of dollars for their owners in the following acci- dental fires. Great Fire at Lynchburg, Virginia, Jauuary 6 ; Saved Books, Papers and Money. — J, H. Thompson 8c Co. Great Fire at Leroy, New York, January 13; Saved Books, Papers and Money — J. M. Foi'eman. Fire at Simsbury, Connecticut, Feb- ruary 8 ; Saved Books, Papers and Money — Bacon & Brothers. Fulton Street Fire, New .York, February 10 ; Saved Books, Papers and Money — J. M. Fairchild 8c Co. Fire at Bottetourt county Virginia, February 26; Saved Books, Papers and Money, — Jones 8c Mays. Fire in Henry Street, New Yprk, March 22 ; Saved Books, Pa- pers and Money — Carrington Sc Dougherty. Great Fire in Mobile, March 21 ; Saved Books, Papers and Money — W. M. Pleasants. Great Fire in Easton Pa., Saved Books, Papers and-Money — E. Sc W. Keller. Great Fire at Petersburg, Va., May 21 ; Saved Books, Papers and Money — Falconer, Plummer 8c Co. P^ire at Mount Bridges, Canada, July 3; Saved Books, Papers and Money— J. W. Emer- son. Burning of Hecker’s Mills, Brooklyn, October 11 ; Saved Books, Papers and Money — Hecker 8c Brother. One thousand dollars is still freely offered and the whole world challenged to pro- duce a Safe equal in fire proof quality to Herring’s Patent Champion Safe. Z