UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 3RARY AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN STACKS The person charging this material is re¬ sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/judahssceptrejosOOalle JUDAH’S SCEPTRE AND JOSEPH’S BIRTHRIGHT An analysis of the prophecies of Scripture in regard to the Royal Family of Judah and the many nations of Israel BY REV. J. H. ALLEN THE LIBRARY OF THE FEB 4 1933 fourth edition UNIVERSITY OF ILLINCi A. A. BEAUCHAMP PUBLISHER BOSTON, MASS. s Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1902 BY J. H. ALLEN In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Copyright 1917 BY A. A. BEAUCHAMP PREFACE. Gift Mrs. F. W. Kelsey Because of our connection with a certain school of Christian thought, we once held the erroneous opin¬ ion that most of the prophecies of the Old Testament were fulfilled, and that its present use was simply to feed the faith of devout men. Also, that any nourish¬ ment for faith which could be drawn from that source was not wholesome food for the soul, unless we were in possession of such an exalted type of spirituality that we would be able to rise above the somewhat prosy details of its histories, and find our soul-food in a surely accompanying spiritual influence, which, in its action upon us, was superior to the mere literalness of the subject matter. We were also led to suppose that the unfulfilled prophecies of “Moses and the prophets 99 were of no spe¬ cial moment to Christianity, because the great moment¬ ous question, the coming of a Saviour, was settled for¬ ever. Consequently, when, perchance, we found some prophetic utterance therein, which we were forced to admit had not become a historic verity, and since this was the dispensation of the Spirit, we felt at liberty to give the reins to our somewhat vivid imagination, and let it run unchecked through the verdant and fruitful fields of speculation in search of some rare and deeply- spiritual truth which we might lay against that seeming rhetorical figure of Holy Writ. 5 827493 Preface But this roaming through those alluring fields always resulted in failure, for when those fanciful and ran¬ dom conjectures, no matter how lofty, were brought before our quickened conscience, they were soon con¬ demned, because that judge who sits at the bar of our spiritual integrity not only revealed their insincerity, but also convinced us that they did not contain the real import, thought and purpose for which those words of God were written. Thus defeated, we could only bemoan our lack, not only of the mental power to grasp the true meaning of those holy words, but also the depth of spirituality which was supposed to be essen¬ tial to the possession of that intense spiritual power which could pierce through the density of earthly things into the rarity of those which were heavenly. For the spiritual standards which we had erected for ourselves demanded the attainment of a soul life which would give us power to soar in the spirit into such rarefied heights of divine enlightenment that we could discern the graceful curves, the symmetrical outlines, the non-earthly shadows, the heavenly half-tones and the divine high-lights of that wonderful picture,—that spiritual masterpiece—which lay behind the coarseness of the letter. These errors so blinded us, that, in our ignorance, we even considered that the twelve apostles, whom our Lord had chosen and enlightened, were in gross error when they understood Christ and the Scriptures to teach that there was to be a literal and visible king¬ dom of God on the earth with the Lord as king of all the earth when that day came. We assumed that their conception of the promised kingdom, when contrasted Preface 7 with our own, was carnal in the extreme, and that the superiority of our conception lay in the fact that it was free from all such mortal grossness. And we really thought that this spirit of moral groveling among the apostles had reached its climax, when James, who after¬ ward became a martyr, and his brother John, he whom the Master loved, took their mother to Christ, and had her make a request of Him for them which they did not dare make for themselves. But, thank God, such conceptions of divine truth were only our spiritual swaddling clothes, and the day dreams of spiritual babyhood. For, as we grew in grace, and became less presumptive, the Holy Ghost lifted the veil from our mind, and illuminated the fol¬ lowing portion of the Saviour’s reply to the request of the mother of James and John: “To sit on my right hand, and on my left, is not mine to give, but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared of my Father.” In this work we have followed the history of the two families, or kingdoms, into which the seed of Abraham were divided, through the intricate paths of their Bibli¬ cal history, and the prophecies concerning them, which have thus far become history, down to the present day, without the loss of any single connecting link. We have been moved by the Holy Spirit to thus write concerning the earthly history of God’s chosen race, because so very little of it is known by the masses of our people, and yet it is the foundation upon which the entire structure of Christianity must rest. A knowledge of these earthly things not only renders the claims of Christianity impregnable, but they are also 8 Preface the basis upon which we must rest our faith for bet¬ ter things. For Jesus has said, “If I have told you of earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye be¬ lieve, if I tell you of heavenly things ?” The truth of this saying of our Lord has been demonstrated in our own ministry; for in the past seven years, during which time we have been able to demonstrate the special fea¬ tures of truth as set forth in this book—i. e., the realization of the promises made to Israel, by THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL—the Lord has used us to bring more skeptics to the light of his truth, than in all our previous ministry of twenty-one years. Also dur¬ ing this seven years, while we have seen the faith of some fail, the Lord has helped us to save the tottering faith of many. We are also sure, from the very reasons which are given, that the faith of those who have made shipwreck could not have failed, if they had known these things. Hence we have written this time con¬ cerning the earthly things which are the subjects of Divine inspiration, praying that God will use them to strengthen the faith of some, and to bring others into the faith in the inspiration of the Bible. But if there seems to be a demand for it we will write again, and then we will write on The Heavenly Things. CONTENTS Page Preface. 5 PART FIRST THE BIRTHRIGHT; OR, THE PROMISE OF MANY NATIONS TO ABRAHAM I. Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright. 13 II. Race Versus Grace.23 III. The Sceptre and the Birthright.36 IV. Jacob's Seed Divided Into Two Kingdoms.49 V. All Israelites Are Not Jews.62 VI. The Broken Brotherhood. 79 VII. Epriam-Samaria—Israel's Idolatry. 90 VIII. Samaria-Israel Cast Out and Cast Off.101 IX. The Jews Go to Babylon and Return.112 X. JoSEPH-ISRAEL LOST.,125 XI. Joseph-Israel—( Continued ) .,\37 PART SECOND THE SCEPTRE; OR, THE PROMISE OF A PER¬ PETUATED HOUSE, THRONE, AND KINGDOM TO DAVID I. The Sceptre and the Davidic Covenant....149 II. Jeremiah's Call and Commission.163 III. The Tearing Down and Rooting Out.169 IV. Vindication of the Personal Promises of Jere¬ miah .183 V. A Royal Remnant That Escapes.191 VI. The Prince of the Scarlet Thread.199 VII. The “Prince of the Scarlet Thread" and “The Royal Remnant" United.207 CONTENTS PART THIRD THE VEIL LIFTED FROM ABRAHAMIC NATIONS Page I. Lost Israel and the First Overturn Located .219 II. Jacob's Pillow-Pillar Stone.230 III. The Other Overturns.246 IV. Dan—The Serpent's Trail.259 V. Israel in the Isles.271 VI. A Few More Identities.284 VII. A Study in “Scarlet". 300 VIII. Egypto-Israelitish and Anglo-Saxon Emblems. . .314 IX. The Two-Fold Aspect of Prophetic Israel.333 X. The Coming Exodus.350 Appendix . 369 PART FIRST. THE BIRTHRIGHT; OR, THE PROMISE OF MANY NATIONS TO ABRAHAM. “Behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations. Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee. And I will make thee ex¬ ceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee.” CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. Although it is not generally known, it is neverthe¬ less true that God made two covenants with Abraham, or, rather, that he made one with Abram and another with that same man after his name was changed to Abraham. This change of name was made that it might harmonize with the new character and the new order of things as they pertain to the covenant man. The first, or Abram, covenant was made when the man was ninety years old ; but the second, or Abraham, covenant was not made until this man was called upon to make the one great sacrifice of his life. The text of the first of these covenants is as follows: “And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the Lord appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me and be thou perfect. And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly. And Abram fell on his face; and God talked with him, saying: As for me, behold my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations. Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee. And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make na¬ tions of thee, and kings shall come out of thee. And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an ever- 14 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright lasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.”—Gen. 17:1-8. We see at once that the great feature of this cove¬ nant is a multiplicity of seed for a man that hitherto has been childless ; and that this multitude of people are to become, not one great nation, not simply a plurality of nations, but a large plurality, i. e., “Many Nations.” With the great majority of Bible students, and with most schools of Biblical thought, the fact that the Lord, when making this covenant, promised Abram that he should become the father of more than one nation is entirely overlooked. The general trend of the teaching is, that, of all the people who dwell upon the face of the earth, the Jewish people are distinctively the people, the one nation only, which is composed of the seed of Abraham; and that they, and they alone, are the chosen people of God whose national story makes up the great bulk of Biblical history and prophecy. But such cannot be the case, for if God has fulfilled the first promise which he made to the father of the Jewish t people, he has made it possible for the people of some of the other nations of earth to stand side by side with that one, and with them to say: “We have Abraham to our father.” One special, and important, feature of this covenant is, that among this multitude of Abrahamic seed there is to be a royal, or kingly line; the posterity of which shall become the rulers of, at least, some of these na- Introductory 15 tions which shall owe their origin to one common father. For the Lord not only promised Abraham that kings should come out of his loins, but when he reiter¬ ated the promises of his covenant to Sarai, the barren wife of Abraham, he said: “She shall be the mother of nations; kings of people (R. V., nations) shall be of her.” And so her name was changed to Sarah, i. e., Princess, that she, too, might have a name which would be in harmony with her new character, for only a princess may be the mother of kings. Another special feature of this covenant is, that there is a land consideration, which involves the land cf Canaan in an everlasting bond—not only of ownership, but of possession. Evidently the everlasting possession of that land by its lawful heirs has not yet begun, for, at this writing, it is in the hands of the “Unspeakable Turk.” One other feature of this covenant is, that it is wholly unconditional. That is, the Lord has promised, irrespective of the moral or spiritual character of the people themselves, so to increase the posterity of the Abrahamic lineage, that, nationally, they shall become all that the covenant promises. Centuries after the giving of this covenant, when the Abrahamic posterity were quite numerous, and while they were still together in one nation, the Lord made a covenant with them which was conditional; but they broke faith with him, and violated its specified condi¬ tions. Since it is true, that, in contracting or condi¬ tional covenants, there is both a party of the first and a party of the second part, and the law is, that, when either party breaks the conditions, the other is not held, 16 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright or bound by them, hence when the covenant people broke their part of the contract, God was no longer bound, and said: ‘They continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not.” Thus that covenant was an¬ nulled. But in this covenant which we have under consideration, God has assumed all responsibility, and to his integrity alone must we look for its fulfillment. For while it is true that both God and Abraham are par¬ ties to this covenant, we well know who has pledged himself, and whose will it expresses, and whom to ex¬ pect shall keep his word inviolate, and which will be to blame if this covenant goes by default. The second covenant which God made with Abra¬ ham was not made until many years after the first, and was made at a time when Abraham had just of¬ fered his only son, who was the first of the promised many, as a sacrifice, in obedience to the command of him who produced that son, by his creative power, from that which was as good as dead, and as an ex¬ pression of faith in the resurrective power of that same covenant-making God. It is recorded as follows: “And the angel of the Lord called unto Abraham the second time, and said, By myself have I sworn, saith the Lord, for because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son: that in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate i of his enemies; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed; because thou hast obeyed my voice.” Gen. 22: 16-18. Introductory. 17 Before noticing the one great feature of this cove¬ nant, we wish to call your attention to some of the minor points; the first of which is, that it also is un¬ conditional, “By myself have I sworn,” is the declara¬ tion of the covenant maker; hence this covenant can neither be broken nor annulled, because, as in the first, God alone is the responsible party. Another point is, that there is a repetition and con¬ firmation of the multiplicity of children phase of the first covenant, to which is added the first detail as to what shall be a national characteristic of Isaac's multi¬ plied seed in their relation to other nations, namely: “Thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies.” The Lord usually gives himself two witnesses, or doubles his promises and prophecies, as in the case of Pharaoh when he had dreamed the same thing twice and Joseph told him the reason that the dream was doubled to him was because the thing which it signi¬ fied was of God. So it was with this gate blessing. It was at a time, that, after consenting to accompany Abraham's servant and become the wife of Isaac, through whom must come this great multitude of peo¬ ple, this gate promise, together with that which per¬ tains to the multiplicity of children, was given to Re- bekah. It came as a parting blessing from her broth¬ ers, who, it seems, were imbued with the spirit of prophecy; for it is recorded that they blessed her, and said: “Thou art our sister, be thou the mother of thousands of millions, and let thy seed possess the gate of those that hate them.” But the one great special feature of this second cove¬ nant which God made with that one man, is most cer- t 18 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright tainly couched in the following words: “In thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed.” It will take but little investigation to reveal the fact that this one phase of this last covenant is Messianic, and that it pertains especially to but one person. But, that the many to whom pertains the first covenant are involved in this, together with the one to whom it more espe¬ cially pertains, and that the principal one of this cove¬ nant is involved, in the common bond of brotherhood, with the many of that first covenant, no one will deny. We understand that at the time these words were uttered, it would have been impossible to give them the fullness of meaning which the Holy Spirit has given them, as interpreted in the New Testament, for it was under the illumination given to the Apostle Paul, that their full import bursts upon us. It was when contrasting the law covenant—the one which was annulled—with this only-son covenant that Paul is careful to say: “Now to Abraham were the promises made, even for his seed, He does not say, and to the seeds” as concerning many, but as concerning one: “and to thy seed which is Christ.” We have here given the best translation, for clear¬ ness, that the text will allow. In it the Apostle makes no attempt to give an exact Old Testament quotation, but bases his argument on the strength of the subject noun being in the singular number. The subject with which he is dealing is the blessing that shall come upon all the Gentile nations through Abraham’s sacrificed son, the one seed > who also was the Only Son of his Introductory. 19 Divine Father, just as Isaac, the type, was the only son of his father when he was offered in sacrifice. It is not only the words, but also the circumstances connected with the giving of these promises, which are prophetic. God had said to Abraham that the many na¬ tions which he had formerly promised him should come through Isaac, his only son, but afterward called upon him to sacrifice that son, who was the only one through whom that promise could be fulfilled. But Abraham knew that God had accomplished that which was equal to a creation, when, through him and Sarah, who were both as good as dead, Isaac had been produced; so, be¬ ing strong in faith, he offered him up, “accounting that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead; from whence also he received him in a figure.” Could any analogy be more complete ? A Son of Promise, an only son, from whom so much is expected, sacrificed and accounted dead, then, in symbol, raised from the dead! And the two special reasons for this test, being, on the one hand, an encour¬ agement to faith, and on the other, that the son might live to fulfill his God-ordered destiny. The prototype of this is another Son of Promise, an only Son, from whom so much—so very much—is promised and ex¬ pected, sacrificed on the tree, dead. But that the two witnesses, the word and the symbol, of the promiser might not fail, the Divine Father, who gave back that other only son, raises from the dead his only Son, that he also might become the author and finisher of our V faith, that he, too, might live and become all that was promised and expected of him, and thus fulfill his glori- 20 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright ous destiny. We can ask no more, for both the lesser and the greater son, the type and prototype, are, “as concerning the flesh/' sons of Abraham. Throughout the world it is most generally known, and throughout Christendom it is universally known, that “the seed to whom the promise was made," did come; but it is not universally known, nor acknowl¬ edged throughout Christendom, that the many peoples are included in that same covenant with this one seed, without whom the entire structure of Christianity must fall, and that every argument for the Christ, from the covenant standpoint, must stand the crucial test of a numerous posterity from the loins of Abraham, or go down. And yet it is so. True, the covenant with the people failed; true, the people sinned, and violated their obligations; true, the law was added, because of their transgressions, to bridge over, “till the (one) seed should come to whom the promise was made." But the argument in favor of the Messianic covenant against all this is, that “the covenant which was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect." How could it? We, sirs, believe that it could not. All Christendom believes that it could not. And if it could not, neither can the promise concerning a multi¬ plicity of children for Abraham be annulled. For, with this same Messianic promise, there is a repetition of the metaphor of many seeds, as the stars of heaven and as the sands of the sea shore, together with the gate blessing; so we can just as reasonably ex- Introductory 21 pect that Christ could or would have failed, as to expect that the gate, the sand, and the star, promises shall have gone by default. But, at this late day in the history of the world, with the Divine light of prophecy shining upon well known facts, which once were only the subjects of prophetic utterances but are now the recorded facts of authentic history, we can say with a confidence, which is supported by the eternal Spirit, that neither have failed. Elsewhere, when this same Apostle was making an effort to encourage the faith of believers in the faithful¬ ness of God, he gives a word for word quotation from this same covenant promise, saying : “ When God made promise to Abraham, because he could swear by no greater, he swore by himself, saying, Surely blessing I will bless thee, and multiplying I will multiply thee.” This quotation, as you see, pertains to the multiplicity of seed, and not to the Messianic phase of the second covenant; but it proves to us that each individual fea¬ ture of that covenant stands on the same secure foun¬ dation, and is just as sure of fulfillment as the other, for underneath every promise of that covenant there are two immutable things ; — God and his oath. So, we are safe in saying that God has made two un¬ conditional covenants with Abraham, and that, if he has been true to those covenants, then there are “many nations ” in existence on this earth today, the people of which must have descended from Abraham and Sarah ; and that these nations are in possession of the gates, or entrances, of their national enemies; unless it be that the time has not yet come for those promises to materialize. 22 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright The facts, in either case, are revealed, and, as we proceed, we shall see which of these is true; but thus far it is evident that one of these covenants is Mes„ sianic; that the other is multitudinous; that each is contained in the other; that in them there is no con¬ tracting party of the second part; and that both alike do stand on the integrity of God. These are the days of skeptical indifferentism on the one hand, and of rampant infidelity on the other; of narrow sectarianism, worldly churchianity, and the blatant headiness of higher (?) criticism — Days “ when Endor-ism is called “Spiritual- ism,” when Buddhism is sanctified by the name of Theo-sophia, i.e., Divine wisdom, and when pure faith and true spirituality are often termed “ Fanaticism.” Then surely, in such days as these, all who believe that the promises of God are never broken will be helped and encouraged when proof, full and abundant, shall be given that not only the promise concerning the many nations, but all the predictions of “ Moses and the prophets,” as they pertain either to the Christ or to the many-nationed people, have been, are being, or — on the strength of that which has been, and that which now is — shall yet be fulfilled. CHAPTER II. RACE VERSUS GRACE. Since we are compelled to begin our search for light, concerning every phase of these themes, along the lines of Biblical history and prophecy, it will be well for us first to gather from those sources a few of the greater and more general facts. By so doing, we will find it to be a great help in our study of the more special features of the subjects, as it will enable us to place, with unerring certainty, each detail where it belongs. It being true that the Lord included in the Abra- hamic covenants a promise that the forthcoming chil¬ dren of promise should eventually develop into many nations, there are many other things that must follow as a consequent; one of which is, that for the accom¬ plishment of this purpose, God must provide sufficient territory or scope of country, which shall become the home of each nation, for it is absolutely impossible that flourishing nations shall exist without national homes. Pursuant to this thought, we know of no utterance in all the Word of God which furnishes a more general or comprehensive outlook than the following: “When the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of the children of Israel. For the Lord’s portion is his people; Jacob is the lot (cord, or line ) of his inheritance.” Deut. 32 : 8, 9. 23 24 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright When Moses was commanded to write the above concerning the division of the earth’s surface to the sons of Adam, only a very small portion of it was in¬ habited ; nevertheless, in the mind of God every Island was set apart, and every continent divided. For the scope of the facts herein stated are world-wide, and em¬ brace within there sweep the entire inhabited and in¬ habitable portion of the earth’s surface. Also, those divisions were so arranged and subdivided, and the boundaries so set, that every nation, tongue, and peo¬ ple among the sons of Adam, — be they already in ex¬ istence, or be they among the forthcoming nations,— had their national home allotted unto them. Moreover, God always not only kept in mind that special country which he had promised should become the everlasting inheritance of the chosen race, but he also, when setting the territorial bounds for other nations, remembered Isael, and either restricted the boundaries of other nations, or enlarged those divisions of country intended for Israel, which will be needed by that immense multitude of people when they shall have fulfilled their appointed destiny of developing in¬ to many nations. For we must bear in mind that the posterity of Abraham are a natural seed, according to the flesh, and that each special nation of the many must have a place in which to dwell. In addition to the fact that these Abrahamic nations are a fleshly seed, we must remember also that they are not necessarily a race of saints; for it is a notorious fact that some of that race have been, and others are now, just as wicked as that fallen son of the heavens Race Versus Grace 25 would have them; but, on the other hand, that same race has furnished, and still is furnishing, men who are the grandest and best of earth. When the time came for God to produce from the covenant man a son who should be the further progeni¬ tor of the covenant race, Abraham was anxious that Ishmael, his son by Hagar, the handmaid of Sarah, should be used for this purpose, and exclaimed, “O that Ishmael might live before thee!” To this earnest ap¬ peal the Lord was not indifferent, and promised that he would bless Ishmael. But on the subject of rejecting Ishmael as the covenant inheritor, and making his covenant with a son who should be a child of Sarah, as well as of Abraham, the Lord was inflexible. His word of promise was the insurmountable barrier, and so he said to Abraham: “Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed, and thou shalt call his name Isaac; and I will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation. But my covenant will I establish with Isaac, which Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year.” So Ishmael’s posterity became alien before the legal line had any existence,—except that, on the authority and responsibility of creative faith, the Lord counts things that are not as if they were—for God had yet to create Isaac and bring forth life out of that which was as good as dead. We have the record of another racial choice and rejection which was made before birth, that of Jacob and Esau, but before we discuss the question of race versus grace,—as involved in the caption of this chap¬ ter relative to them, for it is over their case that the 26 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright subject is argued in the New Testament, we wish to call your attention to the fact that after the death of Sarah, Abraham married a second wife whose name was Keturah, by whom he had a number of sons. These sons in time became the fathers of the Medes, Midian- ites, and other nations; but we can no more reckon these nations as a part of the promised many, than we can those which were formed by the posterity of Ish- mael and Esau. Could we do so, our task would be an easy one and our story soon told; but we cannot do this, for the covenant nations must come only from Abraham and Sarah through their only son Isaac, whose posterity alone can be called, as they are called, “the Children of the Promise,” in contradistinction to those who belong to the other families, and who are called “the Children of the Flesh.” This brings us to the question of race versus grace as understood by the New Testament Church, and ex¬ plained by the Apostle Paul, who in his Epistle to the Romans says: “Neither, because they are the children of Abraham, are they all (racial) children, * * * but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.” As he carries the argument still further, he makes this truth all the more apparent by declaring: “In Isaac shall thy seed be called,” and then explains, as follows: “That is, they which are the children of the flesh, these are not the (national) children of God; but the children of the promise are counted for the seed. For this is the word of promise, at this time will I come, and Sarah shall have a son. And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even our father Isaac (for the children being not yet born, Race Versus Grace 27 neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth): it was said unto her, the elder shall serve the younger. As it is written Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated. What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid 1 ” Rom. 9: 7-14. With this argument before us, it is clear that it is only the children of Isaac who are counted for the national seed of the covenant concerning the prom¬ ised multitude, and that all this question of election as regards Jacob and Esau is purely racial and national. That is, one of these two nations which sprang from the same mater is the recipient of national promises, glories, honors, covenants, and service of which the other is not a partaker. The argument is that when Rebecca, who we re¬ member was to become the mother of thousands of millions, had conceived by Isaac, the father of the race, the result was that there were two nations, or nation¬ alities, in the womb—not necessarily a nation, either of sinners or of saints. To convince us that the election was purely racial, Paul throws in the parenthetical clauses explaining that Jacob had done nothing good that he should deserve these covenant blessings. But he also just as assuredly affirms that Esau had done no evil that he should not have them, for the choice was made before they had the power to do good or evil, i-e., before they were bom. The King James version is a little unfortunate in its use of the word “hated,” as herein used, for one mean¬ ing which is given to the original word is, “to love 28 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright less,” and when used in contrast to the word “love” as applied to Jacob, it will bear that simple meaning. The fact, which Paul states, is simply that God loved Jacob more and Esau less, or that he preferred one to the other, and that this preference for one excluded the other. So Paul asks the question, “Is there unrighteousness with God?” and for a reply gives only that surprised exclamation, “God forbid!” He scouts the criminating thought that it could possibly be unrighteousness with God, that he should be pleased to choose the white race with which to work out his purpose, instead of the red, or copper-colored one; but makes the implica¬ tion that there would have been unrighteousness, of a very grave character, with the Lord, if this election had been one of grace instead of race—that is, grace unto salvation for Jacob and his seed, and damnation, without any possible chance of grace, for Esau and his children. Now for the facts concerning these contradistinctive appellations, “Children of the Flesh” and “Children of the Promise,” as applied to the races which have Abra¬ ham for one common father. (1) God, as we have shown, made a covenant with Abraham, in which it was promised that he should become the father of many nations, hence Abraham was the inheritor of a promise from God. (2) Isaac, who was a natural son of Abraham and Sarah, according to the flesh, was not only the child of a special promise, but he was also the first child of the covenant promise. Race Versus Grace 29 (3) After the death of Abraham, God confirmed the original covenant promise to Isaac, the child of promise, as follows: “I will perform the oath which I swear unto Abraham thy father; and I will make thy seed to multiply as the stars of heaven, and I will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed ” Hence Isaac also became the inheritor of a promise from the God of his father. (4) The immediate posterity of Isaac, the promise- holder, were Jacob and Esau, the persons whom Paul uses in making his argument concerning the Lord's choice of race. Jacob, the younger of these two, who were twins, was chosen by the promise-maker, before they were born, to be the inheritor of the covenant promises. And so the Divine promiser reiterates those promises to him, as follows: “I am the Lord God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed: and thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed." Hence Jacob also received direct from the Lord the same covenant promises which had previously been given to his fathers. (5) Since there can be no mistaking the purport of these covenant promises regarding a natural and mul¬ titudinous posterity for these promise-inheritors, and inasmuch as these promises were promised and re¬ promised, by the Divine promise-maker to the succes¬ sive promise-holders, then, when that promised multi- 30 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright tude of people shall have materialized, it is they, and they only, who can be called “The Children of the Promise." And the only crucial test is that they be Abraham's seed who have descended from Isaac through Jacob. Thus it is that the natural seed of Abraham, whose genealogical tree sprouts from the Jacob roots, are the children of the promise, and that others are not, al¬ though they also be the natural sons of Abraham, but, pot having come through the family line of the promise- inheritors, they are “the Children of the Flesh" only . While to Israelites only, the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, pertain the promises, the covenants, the adoption, the glory, the special service, the giving of the divine law, and through whom, as concerning the flesh, Christ came. But no such national glory, honor, dignity, and exaltation are promised to those other nations which sprang from that same father through Ishmael, Esau, and the sons of Keturah: no, not even such glory as comes from the least of these covenants promises and blessings. Consequently, we can see why the Lord always de¬ clares himself to be the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and not the God of Abraham, Ishmael, and Esau; and why it is that Paul's kinsmen according to the flesh are exclusively the children of the promise, for they are Israelites, to whom pertain the prom¬ ises, etc. That is, they are the people who owe their existence to the fact that God was true to the promise which he made to Abraham, repeated to Isaac, and reiterated to Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel, and from whom come the elect people whose general Race Versus Grace 3 i racial name is Israel. Thus each individual member of the race is an Israelite, be he a good man or a bad one, and belongs to the elect or chosen people of God. Therefore all this question of election between Jacob and Esau, which has caused so many unjust conceptions of God and his precious saving truth, is a question of Race, and not of Grace. However, there is both an election of race and an election of grace, for Paul, when speaking of the seven thousand men who had not bowed the knee to Baal, declares that even now, “at this present time, also, there is a remnant according to the election of grace.” But when he wrote regarding the attitude of a certain part of the elect race toward the election of grace, he says: “As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes; but as touching the election , they are be¬ loved for the fathers' sakes.” Here we find two elec¬ tions, i. e., the election of race and the election of grace . Touching the election of race, God could say, “And thou, Israel, art my servant whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend.” But, when it was a question of individual service or relation to him, even among his chosen people, he could throw the respon¬ sibility on them, and say: “Choose ye this day whom ye will serve.” Or when pressing the subject of eter¬ nal life to be accepted or rejected by each member of that elect race, God could say: “See, I have this day set before thee life and death,” and then exhort them to “Choose life!” If it is a question of race election, and the fidelity of the Divine promise is at stake, it can be asserted that the will of God, independent of the will of others, can 32 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright cause certain conditions to obtain; '‘that the purpose of God according to election might stand"—not in the good or evil works, or unholy natures of unborn babes, "but of him that calleth." When the call of God is of racial, or of national im¬ port, God can say: "Hearken unto me, O Jacob and Israel my called." But if it is a question of personal election to the grace of salvation, then faithful men of God may exhort other men, saying: "Give diligence to make your calling and election sure." When it is race, it is, "Whom I (God) have chosen." When it is grace, it is, "Whosoever will, may come and take the water of life freely." When it is race, it is, "I have called thee by my name; thou art mine." In grace it is "Whosoever believeth," of whom the Lord says: "They are mine." In grace it is, "Come." In race it is fate, destiny, kismet. One is a chosen race, and the other is a chosen way. The way is by faith that it might be of grace, but the choice of race is according to the predetermined and predestined purpose of God. In race election it is generation, or born of the flesh. In the election of grace it is regeneration, or born of the Spirit. In grace it is, "Whosoever offereth praise glorifieth me;" but in race, it is, "This people have I formed for myself; they shall show forth my praise." This declaration brings us to the consideration of the purpose, or object, which the Lord has in choosing, and forming a special race of men who, in spite of the Race Versus Grace 33 wickedness of the great bulk of them, he calls his own chosen people, and whose national destiny he purposes to control. Much of the manifest purpose of God touching this people is made known in that brief epitome given by the Apostle Paul, as quoted above, respecting the na¬ tional honors of his own people. Figuratively speak¬ ing, every word in that resume of Israelitish history and the summing up of their honors weighs a ton. As we proceed with the story of Israel, it is our purpose to consider these facts in detail, but at this juncture we will take time only to say that, since the creation, no such opportunity, or such fitting cause, for national honor and greatness has ever come, or ever can come, to any other nation on the earth. It would seem that their cup of glory was full to the overflow, when through them the Lord sent his word from Heaven, and spread it abroad over the face of the inhabited portions of the earth, and when God’s word had been so fulfilled, and his purpose for them so fully accomplished that they could say: “Unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder; and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.” When they could say this —then it would seem that their cup of national greatness and glory was overflowing, and that the supreme purpose of God for them had been reached. But it is our glad privilege to tell you that there is in God’s word a declared purpose, which must yet be ac¬ complished through that elect race, and until it shall be fulfilled, all that which is done is robbed of fully 34 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright nine-tenths of its power and glory; since, outside the realm of faith, millions are today hopelessly drifting on the shoals of constantly increasing forms of unbelief, and with the great majority of men, the word of God must forever be regarded as a cunningly devised fable, unless God has some plan of vindication for it and himself. Furthermore, the great love of God is misunderstood and despised; the blood of the atonement is trampled upon; Christ is still considered by the many a bastard, a fraud, and a failure. He is still put to an open shame in the house of his professed friends; shipwrecks of a one-time faith and a present professed faith in him are scattered everywhere. And so it is that God, his Word, and his Christ, must yet be fully vindicated. And they shall be, for God has promised it; and when this vindication shall have been accomplished, then, and not till then, will Israel have reached the supreme climax of greatness and glory of the purpose for which the Lord has chosen her. Harken ye unbelieving ones ! Harken to this!— “Thus saith the Lord that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, * * * ye are my wit¬ nesses, saith the Lord, and my servant whom I have chosen; that ye may know and believe me, and under¬ stand that I am He; before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. I, even I, am the Lord; and beside me there is no Saviour. I have declared, and have saved, and I have showed, when there was no strange God among you: therefore ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord—that I am God.”—Isa. 43: 1,10-12. Race Versus Grace 35 Note this, “That YE may know and believe ME, and understand that —I AM HE.” God not only intends to use the Israelites for the purpose of convincing them that he is God, and the only God, but he also intends to use them to convince the rest of the world. For he says: “I will sanctify my great name, * * * and the heathen shall know that I am the Lord, saith the Lord God, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes.”—Ezek. 36:23. This is the great purpose for which the Lord has chosen Israel, and when this is accomplished, they shall have reached the acme of national glory. If you ask, “Is the history of Israel, as a whole, a Divine work? we answer, yes. But if you ask, “Is that history designed as a preparation for the moral crea¬ tion which Jesus Christ came to effect?” Our answer is, no; the law which the Lord gave to his people was intended to accomplish that purpose; but the history of Israel, together with prophecies concerning them, many of which must yet become history, is for the vin¬ dication of God. CHAPTER III. THE SCEPTRE AND THE BIRTHRIGHT. Simply to show the fact that there is in Biblical history that which is styled the Sceptre, and also that there is a something which is designated as the Birth¬ right, we quote the following: “The Sceptre shall not depart from Judah, etc.”—Gen. 49: 10. “For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of. him comes the chief ruler (prince) ; but the Birthright is Joseph's.”— 1 Chron. 5 :2. That the Sceptre blessings, privileges, and promises pertain to Judah, from whom comes the royal family of Israel's race, is well known, and its import somewhat fully comprehended in the realm of light and knowl¬ edge as disseminated through Christendom. But that which is called the Birthright has not, in the past, been understood at all, and as yet is understood but by the few. And the very few who have written on themes which involved the Birthright have assumed that their readers were as wise as they, and have written concern¬ ing the Birthright without explaining what it was; hence, the reader is compelled to receive their use and application of the word without knowing it to be cor¬ rect. When we say that the word Birthright implies that which comes by right of birth, or as an inheritance, all will agree with us; but just what special inheritance is referred to as that which is declared, in the above 36 37 The Sceptre and the Birthright text, to be the right of Joseph, few will understand until the matter is explained. Hence we give the fol¬ lowing: In the first covenant which the Lord made with Abraham, there are two distinct features, in so far as concerns his children; first, a multiplicity of seed, as involved in the following: '‘I will make thee exceed¬ ing fruitful, and I will make nations of theesecond, a royal line, the promise of which is given as follows: “Kings shall come out of thee.” Hence these covenant promises and blessings, which had been given him direct from the Lord, became the lawful heritage of Abraham. This heritage which was given from God to a hu¬ man being seems to have in it both a human and a di¬ vine right; the human right being that a son of the her¬ itage-holder may succeed the father and become the lawful possessor of the inheritance; the divine right being that of choice among the legal posterity of the heritage-holder. After this heritage was given, Isaac was the first heir in the line of succession, and he was also the one whom the Lord had chosen as the inheritor of that which had been given to his father. At the time of Abraham’s death he was the father, not only of Isaac, but of six other lawful sons, who were the children of Keturah, his second wife. Notwithstanding this fact, the divine record declares that he gave all his posses¬ sions to Isaac, the son of Sarah. “Abraham gave all that he had unto Isaac.”—Gen. 25 :5. Isaac became the heir because he was the first oorn among the lawful sons of Abraham; hence those pos- 38 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright sessions came to him as the right of the first-born, or by right of birth, i.e., as a Birthright. And, if Isaac was heir to all that Abraham had, then, aside from all else which may have come into his possession, he was most certainly heir of that God-given heritage, the covenants of promise which contained these two dis¬ tinct features—a multitude of people and a royal line. Esau, the son of Isaac and brother of Jacob, having been born first, for he was the elder of twins, was next in the line of succession, and being the elder or first¬ born, came into possession of the Birthright. Thus he had a birthright at his disposal, but instead of keeping it, and allowing it, in turn, to become the property of his first-born son, he undervalued it, and sold it to his brother Jacob, who, being the younger, could not have acquired it by right of birth. The right of Esau to sell the birthright has never been questioned; his wisdom in selling it may well be questioned. The fact that Jacob, who became anxious to obtain that birthright, felt that he must not only make the purchase from Esau, its lawful owner, but also knew that he must deceive their father in order that he might secure from him the accompanying blessing, is proof positive that the Birthright was the lawful inheritance of Esau. Moreover, when Jacob went in unto Isaac in the disguise which he and his mother had devised, he went with a lie on his lips, and said to his father, “I am Esau thy first born.” But Isaac was distrustful; the hands felt all right, but the voice aroused suspicion. So the blind father asked, “Art thou my very son Esau?” Again Jacob answered in the affirmative. The Sceptre and the Birthright 39 What was he after? That which belonged to the first-born. What did he get ? That which belonged to the first¬ born. He had not only bought it from the first-born him¬ self, but also had deluded the father into bestowing upon him the blessing which made the purchase secure from the human side; for when Isaac found that Jacob had secured the blessing from him by subtility, he could not revoke it. That word “blessing” seems to be the word which attaches itself to the receiver and inheritor of even these covenant promises which pertain wholly to earthly things. For God had said to Abraham “In blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thee.” It is also recorded that “God blessed Isaac * * * saying I will bless thee, * * * and I will make thy seed to multiply as the stars.” Esau’s sad cry was exceedingly bitter over his disappointment when he found that Jacob had supplanted him, but Isaac was compelled to say to him, “I have blessed him (Jacob) and he shall be blessed.” So it is recorded: “And Isaac called Jacob and blessed him, and said unto him, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan. Arise, go to Padan-aram, to the house of Bethuel, thy mother’s father; and take thee a wife from thence of the daughters of Laban, thy mother's brother. And God Almighty bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, that thou mayst be a multitude of peo¬ ple; and I will give thee the blessing of Abraham, to thee and to thy seed with thee.”—Gen. 28: 1-4. 40 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright Thus we see that this blessing, as given to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, carries with it the promise of a numerous posterity; also, that the “blessing of Abra¬ ham” was given to Jacob by his father Isaac, who was the direct inheritor of the Abrahamic heritage; and that, while Isaac in fact gave it to Jacob, he intended it for Esau, his first-born son, to whom it belonged by right of birth. If it belonged to him because he was the first-born, then it was his “birthright.” And since he sold his birthright to Jacob, who thus became its possessor, Jacob and not Esau must become the father of that promised multitude of people which is con¬ tained in the Birthright; i.e., the covenant promise to Abraham. In truth Esau could justly say: “Is he not rightly named Jacob? (supplanter) for he hath supplanted me these two times: he took away my birthright; and, behold now he hath taken away my blessing.” Although Jacob had received from his father the much coveted blessing, which carried with it the in¬ heritance of the Birthright promises, he was dissatis¬ fied, and seemed to hold those blessings as insecure until they had been ratified to him directly by the bless¬ ing of God. Having secured them by fraud, he knew that he was holding them under the protest of both his father and his outraged brother. So much from the human side. On the divine side, God intended that Jacob should have the birthright, for, as we have already shown, he chose Jacob in preference to Esau before they were born. Had Jacob trusted God, he would have placed him in possession of the birthright in a perfectly honorable way; but he, The Sceptre and the Birthright 41 in distrust, took matters into his own hands, and gained possession of it by wicked conniving. It was because of this that he had more trouble to secure the blessing of God upon his possession of this inheritance than had his predecessors, and though he wrestled for it with the angel all the night long, he did not secure it until he had first confessed his name— which was expressive of his character—to be Jacob, i.e., supplanter. Then it was that God bestowed the blessing, took away that reproachful name, and gave him a new and unstained one, even Israel: the mean¬ ing of which is: “As a prince thou hast prevailed with God.” The next legal inheritor of the Birthright was Reu¬ ben, the first-born son of Jacob and Leah, his first wife; but he, like Esau, lost it; and Joseph, the first¬ born son of Rachel, the second and best loved wife of Jacob, succeeded his father in the possession of it. But that we are right in saying that the first-born is the legal inheritor, is evident from the fact that Reuben, the first born son of Jacob, is declared to have been heir to the birthright. This is made clear in the Biblical account of the entertainment which was given by Joseph to his brethren, when they came into Egypt the second time to buy food and brought Benjamin with them; for when the feast was ready, and Joseph—who had not yet revealed to them the fact that he was their brother—gave the word, “Set on bread,” it is said of the servants, who, it seems, had previously been in¬ structed, that, “They sat before him the first-born ac- 42 (Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright cording to his Birthright, and the youngest according to his youth: and the men marveled one at another.”— Gen. 43: 33. The fact that Reuben was the first born and possessor of the Birthright, and the cause of his losing it, are set forth in connection with the declaration that the Birth¬ right had been given to Joseph, as follows: “Now the sons of Reuben, (for he was the first-born; but foras¬ much as he defiled his father’s bed, his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph the son of Israel: and the genealogy [of Reuben’s sons] is not to be reckoned after the Birthright. For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him is the chief ruler; but the birth¬ right is Joseph’s.) The sons of Reuben the first-born of Israel were, etc.”—1 Chron. 5: 1-3. If our readers would know just why this act should have caused Reuben to forfeit his birthright, they must be able to read between the lines. We are only at lib¬ erty to say that, after that act, if either Reuben or his probable first-born had come into possession of the Israelitish birthright, the Lord could not have declared, as he did concerning Israel, “I planted thee a noble vine, wholly a right seed.” To Isaac and to Israel God had confirmed the covenants of promise in their entirety, including in the confirmation the promise of the land, a multiplicity of seed, the one seed, or the Messianic covenant, and a royal line; but you will note from the Scripture just quoted, that the promise of a royal line, which, as the sacred story proceeds, is clearly shown to contain the Messianic covenant, had been separated from the The Sceptre and the Birthright 43 birthright, and given to Judah, the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, while the birthright fell to Joseph. This individual separation of the Sceptre and the Birthright took place just previous to the death of Jacob, who had these blessings at his disposal. Not, however, as his own selfwill or human judgment might suggest, but only as God should direct; for the history of the people involved is a divine work from start to finish, and its ultimate object is the glory of God in the vindication of his word. The call of Abraham and the giving of the promises to him were supernatural; for God had appeared unto and talked with him. The production of Isaac was also supernatural. No human possibility was there. But the possibility of faith was there, and it prevailed. The conception, and the birth of Jacob and Esau were also supernatural, for there were “two nations,” two distinct races,—a white child and a red one—Caucas- sian and Arabic, in one womb; and the manner of their birth was so supernaturally manipulated, that, as they struggled in the womb, Jacob held Esau’s heel, and thus they were born: the very manner of which, as we hope to show, is one of the most striking types in all the Word of God. And yet, none of these events are any more supernatural, nor attended with any greater manifest power of God, nor is his will any more clearly manifest in them, than is the transfer of the Sceptre, and the Birthright, by dying Jacob, to Judah and to Joseph. At the time of Jacob’s death, all Israel was in Egypt living in the land of Goshen. When it was re¬ ported to Joseph that his father was dying, he took 44 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright with him his two sons, and hastened to the bedside of the dying patriarch. But when Joseph and his sons were ushered into the presence of the dying man, it appears that supernatural strength, from the one who had given him the name of Israel, was given him, for, although dying, it is recorded, that “He strengthened himself and sat up in the bed.” Then discovering that Joseph was not alone he asked, “Who are these?” to which Joseph replied, saying, “They are my sons, whom God hath given me in this place,” i. e., Egypt. After Joseph had explained to Jacob, concerning his half-blood Egyptian boys,—Joseph had married an Egyptian woman—then Jacob proceeded to adopt them as his own legal sons; at which time he said: “And now thy two sons Ephraim and Manasseh, which were born unto thee in the land of Egypt before I came unto thee into Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine.” (Gen. 48:5.) But after the adoption was completed he said to Joseph, concern¬ ing the issue which should be begotten of him after them, “They shall be thine,” but they “shall be called after their brethren in their inheritance.” So it is that the tribal names of all the posterity of Joseph are dealt with, both from a historic and a prophetic standpoint, as Ephraim and Manasseh. Do not forget that, for upon it depends much of interest in that which is to follow. It would appear that, at the time of the adoption or prior to it, the Holy Ghost had told Jacob that Ephraim was the one which had been chosen by the Lord as the inheritor of the birthright, or the blessing of the first born. For at that time, the name of Ephraim, the 45 The Sceptre and the Birthright younger, was mentioned before Manasseh, the older; as also the name of Reuben, who was the real first born, is mentioned first when his name is coupled with that of Simeon. But the transfer of the birthright from his eldest to his younger son was not made known to Jo¬ seph until after he had presented his sons before Israel for the promised blessing. Jacob had said, I will bless them.” So when Joseph brought them to him, and bowed himself with his face to the earth, he held Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel s left, and ^lanasseh in his left hand to the right hand of Jacob. Joseph in his human calculation, was managing so as to have Manasseh his first born get that promised “blessing” which was in Jacob’s right hand. His thought was, “If I take Manasseh in my left hand, that will bring him to the right of my father, so that, even if he is blind, when he stretches forth his hands to give the blessing, his right hand will rest on the head of my first born son.” But no! Look! As Jacob reaches out his hands to lay them in blessing upon those two heads, he being under the inspiration of the Holy Ghost,' is “guiding his hands wittingly,” i. e., knowingly, crosses them and lets his right hand rest upon the head of Ephraim, the younger brother. They were in this position when he blessed Joseph, and said, God, before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God which fed me all my life long unto this day, the angel which redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads; and let my name (Israel) be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac, and let them grow into a 46 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright multitude in the midst of the earth.’ These were the collective blessings which those two received; together they inherited the names of the racial fathers; together they are to grow into a multitude of people. At this juncture Joseph noticed that Jacob’s right hand was not resting on Manasseh’s head, and wanted to remove it, but Jacob refused, saying “Not so.” “But,” says the anxious Joseph, “You have your right hand on my younger son’s head.” To this, Jacob replied, “I know it, my son, I know it.” How does Jacob know it? He is in a dying condi¬ tion and blind. Ah, the Spirit—the Spirit of Proph¬ ecy—is upon him ! See what follows. Jacob does not remove his hands, nor change their position ; but with his left hand still on Manasseh’s head, and his right hand on Ephraim’s head, he continues to prophesy; still the prophecies are no longer collective, but special and individual. Of Manasseh he declares, “He shall also become a people (nation) and he shall also be great; but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations. And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel bless, say¬ ing : God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh; and he set Ephraim before Manasseh.” Gen. 48:19, 20. So Ephraim was set before Manasseh, both nation¬ ally and tribally; but they were to grow together until they became a multitude of people in the midst of the earth. Eventually Manasseh was to become a sep¬ arate nation, and as such was to be a great nation. But 4 7 The Sceptre and the Birthright Ephraim was to become a multitude of nations, or as some translate it, “a company of nations”; in either case this is a reiteration and confirmation of the promise made to Abraham. In his tribal relations, also, Ephraim was placed be¬ fore his elder brother, because he was elevated to the inheritance which was forfeited by Reuben, the first¬ born of Israel. This is why God declares “I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my first-born.” Jer. 3i : 9- While the spirit of prophecy was still upon Jacob, he called all his sons together to tell them what their pos¬ terity should become “in the last days.” Among other prophetic utterances, of which we shall speak later, was the following concerning Judah and the Sceptre : “The Sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.” Gen. 49 :io. Whatever else the Birthright may have contained, or if God ever did count those other blessings and prom¬ ises as belonging to the Birthright, one thing is certain ; that is, that when the Birthright passed into the pos¬ session of Joseph and his sons, it was stripped bare of all else, save the oft-repeated promises which pertain to a multiplicity of seed for Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Hence, when it was recorded in the Chronicles that the Birthright was Joseph’s, it was understood that from the loins of Joseph’s sons must come seed, posterity, people. Yea, multitudes, nations—“many nations,” even races of people. This is the crucial test. Since the promise of the fatherhood of many nations, which was given success- 48 (Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright ively to Abraham and Jacob, was inherited and sold by Esau, then inherited and forfeited by Reuben, but finally given to Joseph and his two sons, and never revoked,—then, we say, that the crucial test, not only for the faithfulness of God, but also for the integrity of his Word, is that Joseph, through Ephraim and Manasseh, must of necessity become the father of those many nations which were promised to the fathers of Israel. But the fact that Joseph must become the father of those promised nations is not only the crucial test of God and his Word, but it is also a test of the power and ■worth of FAITH; “By faith Jacob, when he was dy¬ ing, blessed both the sons of Joseph.” Heb. 11:21. What was that for which Jacob put forth faith when he blessed the sons of Joseph? It was that they should grow to be a multitude in the midst of the earth and eventually become that which the Birthright demanded : that is, a multitude of nations. It was this Birthright, the fatherhood of many nations, that Esau sold. CHAPTER IV. Jacob's seed divided into two kingdoms. When Boaz took Ruth the Moabitess for a wife, the people who were assembled prayed for her, saying: “The Lord make thee like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel." The fact that these two women, as the wives of Jacob, were the builders of the house of Israel, would of necessity divide the im¬ mediate household t>f Jacob into two families. Hence the pertinency of the question: Considerest thou not the two families which the Lord hath chosen ? Jer. 3 :2 4- . . 1 Since the covenant promise of the Birthright was given to one of these two families, and that of the Scep¬ tre to the other, it would be but natural—especially since one of these forthcoming blessings was to be so much superior to the other—for these families to keep somewhat apart, so as to keep their family distinctions intact. This they did, and yet they dwelt together for a number of centuries, apparently without any factions whatever. Together, as one nation, they lived on in Goshen. Together the Sceptre and the Birthright families are pressed into bondage. Together the children of Rachel, of whom it was prophesied that there should be thou¬ sands of millions, and the children of Leah, the mother of coming royalty—royalty which, as the sequel proves, is not only the grandest and best that this world will 49 50 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright ever know, but also the most glorious that will ever be known in all the universe of God—together they bend their necks to the yoke, and their backs to the burdens. Together they serve those unjust taskmasters. To¬ gether their Lord, whose presence was with them, brought them out of that galling Egyptian servitude, out through the Red Sea, and into the wilderness. There, still together, they refreshed their spirits by drinking from that spiritual Rock which followed them ; and there they refreshed their bodies with drink from that literal rock which, as we shall prove, they carried with them. Together they ate the same spiritual and temporal meat, albeit, at times, that temporal meat was angels’ food which God sent down from one of their habitations. Together they crossed the Jordan, marched around Jericho, drove out the Canaanites, and —for a season only inhabited that promised land; in which they en¬ joyed the blessings and privileges of a theocratic gov¬ ernment. But it is recorded that they lightly esteemed the Rock of their salvation, cried down the theocracy, and shouted over a man-archy. Refusing Him who had honored, protected and cherished them as a hus¬ band doth a wife, despising that Divine One who had followed them and led them, and nourished them, and fought for them, they demanded that like the nations around them, a man should be their king. Then it was that there arose trouble, trouble which resulted in strifes and factions galore; for after the es¬ tablishment of the monarchy only three kings—namely: Saul, David and Solomon—reigned over all Israel in one united kingdom. Jacob’s Seed Divided into Two Kingdoms 5 1 After the death of Solomon, contingencies arose in Israel, which brought the two families that held the covenant blessings face to face with issues that resulted in a division of the nation, which placed both the fam¬ ilies of Rachel and Leah—or more properly, Judah and Joseph, since they are the promise-holders—into posi¬ tions to fulfill their God-appointed destinies. And yet we shall find that the mills of God do grind—oh, so very slowly. There is contained in the eleventh and twelfth chap¬ ters of the book of First Kings a record of the division of the tribes of Israel into two kingdoms, with a son of the royal family as king over one kingdom, and a son of the house of Joseph as king over the other and larger kingdom. King Solomon had married strange wives, and be¬ cause of them he had burnt incense, and sacrificed unto Moloch and other idols; and because of this, “The Lord said unto Solomon, Forasmuch as this is done of thee, and thou hast not kept my covenant and my statutes, which I have commanded thee, I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and give it to thy servant. Not¬ withstanding, in thy days I will not do it, for David thy father’s sake; but I will rend it out of the hand of thy son. Howbeit I will not rend away all the kingdom; but I will give one tribe to thy son for David my ser¬ vant’s sake, and for Jerusalem’s sake which I have chosen.” i Kings 11:11-13. The twenty-sixth verse of the same chapter speaks of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, an Ephrathite, Solo¬ mon’s servant. It is known that the word Ephrathite means Ephraimite. The record further states And 52 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright the man Jeroboam was a mighty man of valor: and Solomon seeing the young man that he was industrious, he made him ruler over all the charge of the house of Joseph.” i Kings 11:28. When the Birthright was transferred to the sons of Joseph, Ephraim, the younger, was set before Manas- seh, the elder, and, aside from the fact of joint inherit¬ ance in the multitude of posterity, Ephraim seems to enjoy the special Birthright, or first-born distinctions. This is shown in several ways; but at present we will only call your attention to the fact that God says: “I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my first-born.” Jer. 31:9. We have in this man Jeroboam, a servant of Solo¬ mon’s, an Ephraimite, who was ruler over all the Birth¬ right family. God had told Solomon, that after his death he would give the kingdom to his servant, but, not all. In harmony with these things we read: And it came to pass that at the time when Jeroboam went out of Jerusalem, that the prophet Ahijah, the Shilonite, found him in the way; and he had clad him¬ self with a new garment; and the two were alone in the field. And Ahijah caught the new garment that was on him, and rent it in twelve pieces. And he said to Jeroboam, Take thee ten pieces: for thus saith the Tord, the God of Israel, Behold I will rend the kingdom' out of the hand of Solomon, and will give ten tribes to thee. * * * Howbeit I will not take the whole kingdom out of his hand: * * * for David my servant s sake, whom I chose,—because he kept my commandments and my statutes. But I will take the kingdom out of his son’s hand, and will give it unto Jacob's Seed Divided into Two Kingdoms 53 thee, even ten tribes. And unto his son will I give one tribe, that David my servant may have a light alway before me in Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen to put my name there. And I will take thee, and thou shalt reign according to all that thy soul desireth, and thou shalt be king over Israel." In this prophecy, there is made a promise to a son of the house of Joseph, that he shall reign over ten tribes, and be king over Israel. Hence if Jeroboam ever re¬ ceived his promised kingdom, it must have been formed by a confederacy of ten of the tribes of Israel, and that ten-tribed kingdom or confederation must needs be called “ISRAEL,” or the prophecy fails. After this prophecy, which God gave to Ahijah to de¬ liver to Jeroboam, was made public, Solomon became so jealous for himself and posterity that he undertook to kill Jeroboam; while he, in order to escape the wrath of Solomon, fled to Egypt and remained there until after the death of Solomon. At the death of Solomon the royal succession fell to his son, Rehoboam, who, at the time of his accession, had gathered with all Israel at Shechem, the place where, for reasons which will be given later, Israel crowned her sovereigns. But difficul¬ ties arose. The people had grievances which they want¬ ed adjusted, before they were willing to submit to the rule of this young sovereign. Solomon had laid upon them an enormous tax for the building and furnishing of the temple and royal palaces. These were finished and furnished, but the taxes were not abated. Also there was this taxation without representation by any in Is¬ rael, except from the royal tribe of Judah. Still, in spite of the fact that a spirit of rebellion had possession 54 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright of them because of these facts, they were willing to hold a consultation with Rehoboam, in hope that their condition might be bettered and amity might still pre¬ vail. So they made Jeroboam their spokesman, and directed him to say to the young king; “Thy father made our yoke grievous; now, therefore, make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.” His reply to this request was, “Depart yet for three days, then come again to me.” During this three days of grace, which he had asked, and they had granted, Rehoboam first consulted with the old men, asking them how they would advise him to answer the people. They gave him wholesome counsel, saying to him that if he would “Speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants forever.” Then he consulted with the young men, with whom he had grown up, asking them how they would advise him. But their advice was hasty and hot-headed. They said, “Thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father’s loins. And now, whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.” When the three days had expired, Jeroboam and the people came again to King Rehoboam, as he had ap¬ pointed, to receive the answer to their request. Then Rehoboam answered them roughly, forsaking the coun¬ sel of the old men, and adhering to the counsel which the young men in their pride and egotism had given, using their very words. Jacob's Seed Divided into Two Kingdoms 55 “Whips” and “scorpions!” How insulting! Surely in all the figures of speech there could not have been chosen any so hard for that elect people to swallow. But they did not swallow them ; they rebelled. The com¬ mand to the people was, “To your tents, O Israel! The challenge to the royal house was, “Now, see to thy own house!” Rehoboam’s next move was to send Adoram, who had charge of the tribute, to collect the taxes then due. But instead of paying their taxes, the people stoned the man to death; and as soon as Rehoboam heard this,.he fled in his chariot, and with all speed, to Jerusalem. Then comes the following: “So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day. And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was Come again, that they sent and called him unto the congrega¬ tion and made him king over all Israel. * * * And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah, with the tribe of Benjamin, an hundred and four score thousand men which were war¬ riors, to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam, the son of Solomon. But the word of God came unto Shemaniah the man of God, saying, Speak unto Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the remnant of the people, saying, Thus saith the Lord, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren the children of Israel: return every man to his house ; for this thing is from me. i. e., the division. I Kings 12:19-24. Well may the Lord say, “This thing is from me.” In the division of that race into two kingdoms, he has ful- 56 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright filled his word to Solomon concerning the rending of the kingdom out of the hand of his son, and giving it to his servant. Yet, in doing so, he remembered not only his oath to David, but also his word to Solomon, in that he did not rend away all the kingdom; for there was one tribe, that of Benjamin, left with the royal tribe. Also the prophecy of Ahijah to Jeroboam was ful¬ filled, for he became king of the ten-tribed kingdom, which, by Divine appointment, retained the national name of Israel, while that of Judah was given to the other kingdom. Thus the titles “House of Israel,” and the “House of Judah” are used to designate the two kingdoms, as they stand separated and in opposition to each other. Moreover, since the Birthright tribes, Ephraim and Manasseh, went with the ten-tribed kingdom, and a scion of the house of Joseph, to whom pertains the Birthright, was king over that kingdom, and a son of the royal house of Judah, to whom pertains the Sceptre, was king over the other kingdom, which bears the name of the inheritor of the Sceptre, then, surely, the Sceptre and the Birthright were separated then and there. They were not only separated, but each became a nucleus around which either the one or the other, of all the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, did gather. Thus the SCEPTRE and the BIRTHRIGHT families each became the head and representative of a distinct nation, or commonwealth. Each was then free to go forward, independent of the other, and fulfill its God-appointed destiny; one to ful¬ fill the first covenant which the Lord made with their Jacob's Seed Divided into Two Kingdoms 57 father Abraham, that of becoming many nations, and the other to fulfill the second covenant of bringing forth the Messiah. The first thing recorded of Jeroboam, as king of Is¬ rael, is that he built the city of Shechem, in Mount Ephraim, and dwelt there. This city was the first capital of that kingdom. From there the king of Is¬ rael went out and built the city of Penuel, and seemed to prosper for a short season. But Jeroboam fell to thinking that, if his subjects were allowed to continue going to Jerusalem to sacrifice unto the Lord, their hearts would turn again to Rehoboam, whose capital city it was, and they would then kill him, and go again to the kingdom of Judah. Therefore he made two calves of gold, and said unto the people, “It is too much (trouble) for you to go to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And he set one in Bethel, and one in Dan. And this thing became a sin, for the people went to worship before the one (in Bethel), and even unto Dan. And he made a house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi. And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made. So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel, on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had 58 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright devised in his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the Children of Israel, and he offered upon the altar and burnt incense.” i Kings 12:28-33. This was the great sin which was such a curse to the people. But we want you to note just how the Lord speaks of it. After the prophet whom he had sent out of Judah had proclaimed the doom of Jeroboam, he further adds: “The Lord shall smite Israel, as a reed is shaken in the water, and he shall root up Israel out of his good land, which he gave to their fathers, and shall scatter them beyond the river, because they have made their groves, provoking the Lord to anger. And he shall give Israel up because of the sins of Jeroboam, who did sin, and who made Israel to sin.” 1 Kings 14 : J 5> 16. Dear reader, please note that it was Israel, and not Judah, over which Jeroboam reigned; that it was Is¬ rael, and not Judah, whom he caused to sin; that it was Israel the ten-tribed kingdom, and not Judah, the royal kingdom, that worshiped those two golden calves which Jeroboam the king of Israel had set up in his own territory, and not in the land of Judah; that it was Israel whom the Lord declared he would give up, root out of that land, and scatter beyond the river, because of this thing. For the people of the kingdom of Judah never did worship those golden calves; neither did they worship at Bethel, nor in Dan: they worshiped in Je¬ rusalem. Later, the royal kingdom did go into idol¬ atry ; but it was Baalism, and not this special form of idolatry which had its origin in Jeroboam, for this was confined alone to Israel. Jacob’s Seed Divided into Two Kingdoms 59 We find that the history of the two kingdoms is in¬ termingled throughout the books of First and Second Kings, but never confounded. So that, with a little care and thoughtfulness on our part, there need be no confusion. For instance, it is recorded that, “The days which Jeroboam reigned were two-and-twenty years, and he slept with his fathers, and Nadab, his son, reigned in his stead.” i Kings 14:20. But the very next verse tells us that, “Rehoboam, the son of Solo¬ mon, reigned in Judah. Rehoboam was forty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem.” The two reigns began simultaneously. If Jeroboam’s reign lasted for twenty-two years, and Rehoboam’s only for seventeen years, then it must needs be that some other king or kings reigned for five years contemporaneously with Jeroboam, unless the kingdom of Judah had collapsed; but it had not. So the record declares, “Now, in the eighteenth year of Jero¬ boam, the son of Nabat, reigned Abijah over Judah. Three years reigned he in Jerusalem.” 1 Kings 15: 1. Seventeen years for Rehoboam and three for Abijah, are only twenty of Jeroboam’s twenty-two years. So if the record be correct, we shall expect it to tell who ascended the throne of Judah in the twentieth year of Jeroboam’s reign. This it does do, as follows : “And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam, king of Israel, reigned Asa over Judah.” 1 Kings 15:9. Now, if Asa lived and reigned more than two years, he lived to see the death of Jeroboam and the elevation of his successor. Hence, the record continues: “And Nadab, the son of Jeroboam, began to reign over Is¬ rael in the second year of Asa, king of Judah, and 60 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright reigned over Israel two years. And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and walked in the ways of his father, and in the sin wherewith he made Israel to sin.” Then follows a record of the fulfillment of the prophecy concerning the doom of Jeroboam, viz., the entire destruction of his family, at the hand of Baasha, of the house of Issachar, who reigned instead of Nadab son of Jeroboam. Hence it is recorded that “In the third year of Asa, king of Judah, began Baasha, the son of Ahijah, to reign over all Israel in Tirzah, twenty-and-four years. And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and walked in the ways of Jeroboam, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin.” i Kings I 5 .‘ 33 , 34 - We have brought you down to the contemporaneous reigns of Asa, the third king in Judah, and Baasha, the third king in Israel, not only to show that there need be no confusion in this intermingled history, but also for another purpose, which follows. You will notice that in the last quotation, the expression “all Israel” occurs, while in the twenty-second verse is the corresponding expression “all Judah.” “Then King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah” These expres¬ sions, all Israel and all Judah, are undoubtedly used as contradistinctive titles of the two kingdoms into which the people were divided. The expression “all Israel,” as used in the above quotation, and with the same meaning in many other places in the Scriptures, has confused many students. They seem to think it means, or ought to mean, all the people who are the descendants of Israel, i. e., all Is¬ raelites ; whereas it simply means, in this instance, and Jacob's Seed Divided into Two Kingdoms 61 many others, all the country occupied by the ten tribes which formed the kingdom of Israel, just as the expres¬ sion “all Judah,” or “all Judaea”—the Greek form of the same term—is used to designate all of the country which was given to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, they being the tribes which composed the kingdom of Judah. Jerusalem, the capital of the kingdom, was lo¬ cated in that portion allotted to Benjamin, and Judah s portion was the hill country south of Jerusalem. CHAPTER V. ALL ISRAELITES ARE NOT JEWS. After the division which occurred among the seed of Abraham in the days of Jeroboam and Rehoboam, and before the two kingdoms had settled down to steady going, there arose several contingencies which we must understand, before we can intelligently follow their history any farther. By consulting the eleventh chapter of Second Chron¬ icles we find a brief recapitulation of the history of the revolt of the Ten Tribes, to which are added further de¬ tails as to the result, a list of the cities which were built by Rehoboam for the defense of the kingdom of Judah, and the following: “And he fortified the strongholds, and put captains in them, and stores of victuals, and of oil and wine. And in every several city he put shields and spears, and made them exceeding strong, having Judah and Benja¬ min on his side. And the priests and the Levites that were in all Israel (i. e., the territory of country occu¬ pied by the ten-tribed kingdom) resorted to him out of all their coasts. For the Levites left their suburbs and their possessions, and came to Judah and Jerusa¬ lem : for Jeroboam and his sons had cast them off from executing the priest's office unto the Lord: And he ordained him priests for the high places, and for the devils, and for the calves which he had made. And alter them out of all the tribes of Israel such as set their 62 63 All Israelites are not Jews hearts to seek the Lord God of Israel came to Jerusa¬ lem, to sacrifice unto the Lord God of their fathers. So they strengthened the kingdom of Judah, and made Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, strong.” 2 Chron. 11: n-17. These statements make it clear that, after Jeroboam, the king of Israel, had set up those golden calves, and made priests of the lowest of the people, he would not allow the Levites, whom the Lord had made the priestly tribe of the race, execute any priestly offices, or to con¬ duct any services unto the Lord God of their fathers; and for this reason they returned to Rehoboam, who already, as is affirmed, had the tribes of Judah and Ben¬ jamin on his side. Thus the kingdom of Judah, for a while at least, was composed of three tribes, in addition to those scattered families out of all the rest of the tribes who would not forsake the worship of the God of Israel, and who would not worship the calves which Jeroboam had set up; but those people evidently lost their tribal relations and were assimilated into one of the three tribes of which the kingdom of Judah was composed, for in all the history and prophecy which concerns the three-tribed kingdom, there are no tribal names used, save only those of Judah, Benjamin and Levi. Before we carry the history of these two kingdoms any farther, or leave the A B C of this matter, we deem it important to place before our readers an array of Scripture texts, in which both houses, kingdoms, na¬ tions, or families of Abraham’s posterity, through the Isaac-Jacob line, are spoken of in the same passage in 64 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright such a way that the most simple minded cannot fail to see that two distinct peoples are being considered. We cannot, however, at this juncture, give the rela¬ tive place of these Scriptures, as regards the history, past, present and future, of these people under consid¬ eration. We place these Scriptures before you, only to show, at present, that ever after the division of the people into two commonwealths, in the days of Reho- ^ boam and Jeroboam, they were recognized in scriptural history and prophecy as two kingdoms or nations. For instance, take the following—“Behold the days come, saith the Lord, that I will perform that good thing which I have promised unto the house of Israel, and to the house of Judah.” Jer. 33114. Here the Lord has promised to perform a certain, “good thing” for “The house of Israelbut he has just as assuredly promised to perform that same certain “good thing” for the house of Judah, as well as for Israel, for the house of Judah is not included in the house of Israel, and vice versa. Take another, as follows: “And I will cause the cap¬ tivity of Judah and the capitivity of Israel to return, and will build them as at the first.” Jer. 33 7. Here it is a question not only of “the captivity of Judah,” but also “the captivity of Israel.” Neither is it a ques¬ tion only of the return of the captivity of Judah, for there is promised also in the same sentence the return of the captivity of Israel, i. e., a people who are not included with “Judah.” Again, “For lo! the days come, saith the Lord, that I will bring again the captivity of my people Israel and Judah, saith the Lord: and I will cause them to return All Israelites are not Jews 65 to the land that I gave to their fathers, and they shall possess it. And these are the words that the Lord spake concerning Israel and concerning Judah/’ Jer. 30: 3, 4. Here is something that concerns Judah; but it also concerns Israel; and the people whom it concerns are “my people Israel and Judah.” So, if Judah, the Jews, are the people of the Lord, then the Lord has a people besides the Jews whom he calls Israel, and who are not counted among the Jews. Still another: “For the children of Israel, and the children of Judah have only done evil before me from their youth.” Jer. 32:30. You see that while speak¬ ing of the evildoing of his people, it was not sufficient for the Lord to speak of the children of Israel only, but the children of Judah must also be included, in order to embrace all who are under consideration. In Jer. 13 :ii, we have indisputable proofs of the two houses, since the broadest generic terms possible are used. Here it is: “For as a girdle cleaveth to the loins of a man, so have I caused to cleave unto me the whole house of Israel and the whole house of Judah, saith the Lord; that they might be unto me for a people, and for a name, and for a praise, and for a glory; but they would not hear.” This statement gives us to under¬ stand that “the whole house of Judah” are not all of the Lord’s people, and that “the whole house of Israel” are not all of the Lord’s people; but that it takes “the whole house of Israel” together with “the whole house of Judah” to make all of his chosen people. It also proves that there is a people called “the whole house of Israel” of which “the whole house of Judah” is regarded as neither part nor parcel. True, they are Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright brethren, because they all are of the seed of Jacob. As such, they are Jacobites,—or, since Jacob’s name was changed to Israel his descendants may all be called Israelites. But it is a fact that the seed of Jacob have been divided, by the will, the decree, and the direct in¬ tervention of God, into two kingdoms, or nations, one of which, when politically considered, is called “the whole house of Israel,” “the children of Israel,” “the house of Israel,” “all Israel,” and “Israel”; while the other nation is called “the whole house of Judah,” “the house of Judah,” “the children of Judah,” “all Judah,” and “Judah,” or “the Jews.” The name Jew is derived from, or rather is a corrup¬ tion of, the name of Judah (Singular Ju-dah, or Jew- dah; plural, Ju-dahs, or Jew-dahs; possessive, Ju-dah’s, or Jew-dah’s; contracted, Jew, Jews and Jew’s). Hence it is that the names Jew and Jews are applied only to the people who composed the kingdom of Judah. Also it was their land only which was designated as “Judah” and “all Judah,” and which finally became known as “Judea” and “Jewry," “all Judea” and “ALL JEWRY.” Indeed, long before the division took place, Moses, while prophesying unto the seed of Jacob, cried out, “Hear, Lord, the voice of Judah, and bring him unto his people.” This can mean nothing else, except that Judah was to be separated from his people, and finally, if that prayer is ever answered, was to be brought back to them. But let us continue our array of texts in which both houses are mentioned, almost in the same breath. “And I saw, when for all the causes whereby backsliding ■ All Israelites are not Jews 6 7 Israel committed adultery I had put her away, and given her a bill of divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah, feared not, but went and played the harlot also/’ Jer. 3:8. Here Israel and Judah are not the same; They are only sisters, both in shame. “And the Lord said unto me, That backsliding Israel hath justified herself more than treacherous Judah/’ Jer. 3:11. Here Israel, in idolatry the adulterous, Is justified more than Judah, the treacherous: although God had said, “Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend.” Hosea 4 :I 5 * And he also said, “I will no more have mercy upon the house of Israel [that I should altogether pardon them— Margin ]. But I will have mercy upon the house of Judah, and will save them by the Lord their God. Hosea 1: 6, 7. The name, “Jerusalem” is often used to designate the Jewish people because it was their chief city. When Jesus wept over the city and cried out “Jerusalem, Je¬ rusalem, * * * how oft would I have gathered you as a hen gathereth her brood under her wing, but ye would not!” he did not mean the streets and build¬ ings of the city, but the people; and not only the people dwelling within the walls, but the nation as well. For it was not only the Jewish capital—but it was their metropolis, their commercial center, their citadel, their royal city, their sanctuary and in every way the rep¬ resentative city of their nation. 68 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright This being true, we may expect that the name of the capital city of the ten-tribed kingdom would be used as a representative name and applied to that nation. Also, since the name of Judah was given as a national name for the Jewish people, because of the fact that it was one of the royal sons from the tribe of Judah who led the revolt when she became a separate nation, and the fact that her kings were of Judah’s line, thus making the tribe of Judah the representative tribe, so we might expect the same thing with reference to the ten-tribed kingdom. Jeroboam reigned over Israel in Shechem twenty-two years, and was succeeded by Nadab, his son, who reigned two years. After this, Baasha con¬ spired against him, killed him, and reigned in his stead; but he moved the capital to Tirzah, where he reigned for twenty-four years, and was followed by his son, Elah, who reigned in that city two years. Then he was conspired against by Zimri, who reigned only seven days, until he in turn was conspired against and died by burning the king’s house down over his own head. Then Omri, who had conspired against Zimri and suc¬ ceeded him to the throne, bought a hill from Shemar, on which he built the city of Samaria, which became the permanent capital of the kingdom of Israel. Honce the name of the chief city of Israel, Samaria, is often used, when referring to Israel, in the same representa¬ tive way that Jerusalem is, in the case of the Jews. For an example take the following: “Thy Calf, O Samaria, hath cast thee off; mine anger is kindled against them: how long will it be ere they attain to innocency? For from Israel was it also: the workman made it; therefore it is net God: but the Calf of Sa- 69 All Israelites are not Jews maria shall be broken in pieces.” Hosea 8: 5> 6. Of course, the calf herein referred to is the calf worship instituted by Jeroboam, who caused Israel to sin, and since the calves were made by the workmen of Israel, they were not God. So we see that Samaria stands for Israel, whose capital it is, and whose own workmen had made the calf which they themselves worshiped. But this nation has another name which stands for the whole, as well as that of Israel and Samaria. Look ye! “When I would have healed Israel, then the in¬ iquity of Ephraim was discovered, and the wickedness of Samaria : for they commit falsehood.” Hosea 7 :i. Thus we see that the name of Ephraim is used as a representative name for the northern kingdom, just as the name of Judah is used for the southern kingdom, and that the names Israel, Ephraim and Samaria are used as names of the ten-tribed kingdom in contradis¬ tinction to those of the three-tribed kingdom, which are Judah, Jerusalem, and the Jews. On the very day on which Moses died, while he was reiterating and enlarging upon the prophecies which Jacob had given at the time of his death, he made a prophecy concerning the pre-eminence of Ephraim in Joseph-Israel, as follows: “Let the blessing come upon the head of Joseph, and upon the top of the head of him that was separated from his brethren. His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thou¬ sands of Manasseh.” 7 ° Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright With the name of Ephraim standing at the head of one of the two nations of Jacob, and the name of Judah at the head of the other, we can easily understand such expressions as the following: “O Ephraim, what shall I do unto thee? O Judah, what shall I do unto thee? For your goodness is as a morning cloud, and as the early dew it goeth away.” Hosea 6:4. Since both Judah, the fourth son of Jacob, and Eph¬ raim, the second son of Joseph, had been dead for nearly one thousand years prior to the writing of these Scriptures which we have just given, we must know that these are national names, used to represent the na¬ tional conditions of the two nations which are ad¬ dressed. So, also, is the following: “Therefore will I be unto Ephraim as a moth, and to the house of Judah as rot¬ tenness. When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound, then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to King Jared; yet he could not heal you of your wound. For I will be unto Ephraim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Judah: I, even I, will tear and go away, and none shall rescue them. I will go and return to my place, until they acknowledge their offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me early.” Hosea 5: 12-15. Before proceeding further with the history of these two kingdoms, there is one other point which must be settled once for all. This is that the people of God whom he distinctively calls “Israel,” the heads of which are the birthright holders, unto whom was given that national name—it coming to them with the birthright All Israelites are not Jews 7 1 at the time of the transfer of that inheritance—are not Jews, that the Holy Spirit has never, either in Biblical history or prophecy, called them Jews, and that they have never been called Jews except by uninformed his¬ torians and by unscriptural teachers of the Word of God. Understand us: we do not say that the Jews are not Israelites; they belong to the posterity of Jacob, who was called Israel; hence they are all Israelites. But the great bulk of Israelites are not the Jews, just as the great bulk of Americans are not Californians, and yet all Californians are Americans; also, as in writing the history of America we must of necessity write the his¬ tory of California, because California is a part of Amer¬ ica ; but we could write a history of California without writing a history of America. So, in writing the history of Israel we must needs write the history of the Jews, but we could write the history of the Jews and not write the history of Israel. Or, in other words, in writing the history of the many nations we must write the history of the Jews, for, to say the least, they are one of those many nations; but in writing the history of the Jews, it would be utterly impossible to write the history of the many nations which were promised to the birthright people, whose national name is, in a special sense, Israel, and whose people are not Jews. Nationally speaking, they are brother nations, but not always very brotherly. But if we can keep track of the birthright nation, and if they ever have that birthright promise fulfilled to them, then, and only then, can we write the history of the many 72 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright nations which the Lord God of Israel promised unto their fathers Abraham, Isaac, Jacob-Israel, Joseph, and Ephraim and Manasseh. It will help us much in our study of this question, to know just when and under what circumstances the word Jew is first used in the canon of Sacred Scrip¬ ture. It was not until more than two hundred years after the revolt of the ten tribes from the house of David. It was at a time when Pekah, son of Remaliah, king of Israel, formed a federation with Rezin, king of Syria, and came up against Ahaz, king of Judah, to war for acquisition of territory. Notice how the prophet of God speaks of these three nations Israel, Syria and Judah. He declares: “And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz, the son of Jotham, the son of Uziah, king of Judah, that Rezin, the king of Syria, and Pekah, the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jeru¬ salem to war against it (Jerusalem was the throne seat of Judah) but could not prevail against it. And it was told the house of David, saying, Syria is confederate with Ephraim.” Isa. 7:1, 2. The prophet further explains, that “The head of Syria is Damascus, (Da¬ mascus was the capital of Syria) and the head of Damascus is Rezin (King of Syria) ; and within three- score-and-five (65) years shall Ephraim be broken that it be not a people. ( Marginal —from being a people.) And the'head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah’s son.” Isa. 7 9. Remaliah’s son was Pekah, king of Israel. What Isaiah had to say concerning this war was for the purpose of making prophecies concerning the out- 73 All Israelites are not Jews come. We must pass over the prophecies for the pres¬ ent, as our object now is to show the difference between the Jew and Israel and we have simply quoted sufficient for our purpose. We now turn to the historic record of that war, and read: “In the seventeenth year (as king) of Pekah, the son of Remaliah, Ahaz, the son of Jotham, king of Judah, began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. * * Then Rezin, king of Syria, and Pekah, son of Remaliah, king of Israel, came up to Je¬ rusalem to war; and they besieged Ahaz (king of Judah), but could not overcome him. At that time Rezin, king of Syria, recovered Elath to Syria, and drave the Jews from Elath; and the Syrians dwell there unto this day. So Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglath- pileser, king of Assyria, saying, I am thy servant and thy son; come up and save me out of the hand of the king of Syria, and out of the hand of the king of Israel, which rise up against me.” 2 Kings, 16: i, 2, 5-7. Here we have it clearly stated that in this war the besieging party is, “Pekah, the king of Israel/’ who is the “head of Samaria,” which is the head of “Eph¬ raim,” together with another nation with whom they are confederate. And if we put it as Isaiah does con¬ cerning the other house, the besieged party was “Ahaz, king of Judah,” head of “the Jews,” whose head is “Jerusalem,” the head of the house of David. Do you see the point? The king of Judah, or the king of the Jews, was besieged in his capital, and wanted to form an alliance with the king of Assyria and, to secure him as an ally, even fawned upon the 74 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright king of Assyria, saying “I am thy servant, thy son," and crying “Come up!" What for? To save the JEWS from the hand of ISRAEL . Thus we see that the first time the word Jews is used in the history of the Abrahamic race is at a time when the Jews and Israel were at war with each other. Hence we ask, If the Jews were the besieged and Israel was with the besiegers, how can it be possible that the Jews and Israel are one and the same people? According to the conclusion of the great number of our learned men, also some “higher (?) critics," we must needs conclude that the Jews were fighting their own shadow, which would be reducing the whole mat¬ ter to an argumentum ad absurdum . It is high time for the Christian world, yea, and all secular historians, too, “to awake out of sleep," take the advice of the learned Apostle Paul and “cease giving heed to Jewish fables" and quit telling the peo¬ ple that all Israelites are Jews. It is not true, never has been and never can be, for the difference between them is not only political and territorial but it is semi- racial. For, although the inheritors of the Sceptre and the Birthright were sons of the same father, they were not sons of the same mother, and thus they were only half brothers. This, together with the fact that Leah is described as “tender-eyed" and Rachel was said to be “fair," would make some strong facial and physi¬ cal distinctions in the posterity of the two families. But when we remember that Joseph married an Egyptian princess, thus blending the best Semitic blood with the royal blood of Egypt, and making the posterity of Joseph half-blood Egyptian, then we must know that All Israelites are not Jews 75 while the children of Joseph are half Israelitish they are still three-fourths removed from the children of Judah. This alone would make great changes in their physique and largely eradicate all facial resemblances. The fact that Ephraim and Manasseh, the sons of Joseph, who were the final inheritors of the Birthright, were half-blood Egyptians is that which made it neces¬ sary for Jacob to adopt them and make them fully his own, as Reuben and Simeon were his, before he could confer upon them the covenant Birthright. This is the adoption to which the Apostle Paul refers in his argument concerning the Children of the Promise ver¬ sus the Children of the Flesh, as follows: “Israelites, to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the covenants, and the glory, and the giving of the law, and the serv¬ ice, and the promises; whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came/’ Here Isra¬ elites as a whole, including both houses, are spoken of. Hence, to all who really believe, claim, or teach that the Jews only are Israelites, and of all who believe that the word adoption, as used in this connection, can possibly have reference in any way to spiritual adop¬ tion we ask: When, how, or where did there ever occur an adoption, either spiritual or racial, among the Jews as a nation? No answer required. Please reflect. An eminent theological professor, who gives an exegesis of the Sunday-school lessons for the most prominent denominational papers in this country, began his exposition on “The Call of Abraham” as follows: “We come now to the third of the great landmarks of history, the call of Abraham. From being a uni- /6 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright versal history the record becomes national. Hereafter, we have to do with one people , the Jews . In the founder of the Jewish nation we find not a conqueror or a lawgiver but a saint.” Yet it is fact that the term ‘‘Jews” is not used in writing the history of the Abrahamic people until twelve hundred years after the call of Abraham. Another theological professor, of one of our largest training schools, defines “The Jews” as “A name given to all the descendants of Abraham.” Ah!!! We ask—When ? Still another defines “The Jews”: “A name given to the descendants of Abraham, who were divided into twelve tribes”; and yet it is a fact that in the Scrip¬ tures the name “Jews” was given only to those who dwelt in Jewry, which country was occupied by the tribes of Judah, Benjamin and Levi, and did not include Samaria, the home of the ten-tribed kingdom. No; it is a fiction which has been foisted upon us by modern scholars, many of whom are presidents and professors of universities, colleges and theological sem¬ inaries, editors of religious and secular newspapers, doctors of divinity and church dignitaries, that the words “Jew” and “Jews” are equivalent to “Israel,” “Israelites,” “Israelitish,” “Hebrew” and “Hebraic.” By not distinguishing Israel from Judah we have in the Bible a historical and prophetic chain which can never be linked together, and which sets all of the ‘ writers at variance with one another; for we cause Isaiah to question statements made by Jeremiah; set Joel, Amos, and Zephaniah against Zachariah; cause Jeremiah to convict Hosea of being a false prophet; 77 All Israelites are not Jews then make Ezekiel step in and contradict them both and many others in such a manner that one prophet is made to give the lie to the other. We feel sorry for the so-called “Higher Critics,” for they really do find trouble, but they cannot conceive that this trouble could, by any possible chance, arise because of their misconception of the subject matter; hence it must be in the style [stylus —a pen] or man¬ ner of the prophet. Thus if any of the prophets chance to reveal a mannerism at one time which is not so plainly manifest at another, then the exclamations,“Ah! Eureka! We’ve found it! There are two of them!" are heard to vibrate and revibrate throughout the ec¬ clesiastical world. Is it any wonder that skepticism is rampant, both in the church and out of it, since the common error of Christendom is to regard the Jews as the whole house of Israel? Is it any wonder that Tom Paine lost his soul while following the beaten path of this fallacy? For he did give the Bible up as a myth, and boldly states in his writings that he was led into infidelity because he saw that the Jews did not and never could verify the promises concerning Israel. For it is true that God had declared, through Micah, of Israel, who was divorced and cast far off, that he would (at the proper time) make her a strong nation; while Judah was to become a remnant. Isaiah, Hosea, Jeremiah and the New Testament declare Israel to be lost; while both Jeremiah and Ezekiel affirm that Judah is well known. Hosea declares Israel to be as “the sands for multitude”; while Jeremiah insists that Judah is “few in number’’ and a remnant. Isaiah, 78 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright David, Micah, Jeremiah and others declare that Israel is the strongest war power on earth, never to be con¬ quered by a Gentile power; and yet Jeremiah declares that Judah is “without might;” while Daniel bemoans and records the fact that the Jews will be conquered by a Gentile power. The entire line of prophets from Moses down declare Israel to be a continuous mon¬ archy, whose sceptre is held by the seed of David; while Judah is to be “without government” of their own, but are to be ruled over. Hosea declares that “Israel shall ride” but “Judah shall plow.” Moses also declares that there shall come a time in the history of Israel (the ten tribes) when they also shall “be few in number,” and yet it is prophesied con¬ cerning them that they shall obtain possession of “great possessions,” inheriting and establishing (peopling) the desolate places of the earth, rule many heathen nations, have a great revenue, become the “mart of nations,” hold the keys of commerce, be “exalted above their neighbors,” and become “the chief of nations.” But, on the other hand, Judah is to be “without geographical inheritance,” “strangers in all countries,” “howl for vexation of spirit,” “leave their name for a curse,” “be ashamed,” and “cry for sorrow of heart” until the great day of Jezreel. CHAPTER VI. THE BROKEN BROTHERHOOD. In the last chapter we gave much testimony from the Scripture showing that the ten-tribed kingdom is dealt with, both in history and prophecy—much of which is yet unfulfilled—as the house of Israel, and other titles, some of which you will find quite prominent in this chapter; while the three-tribed kingdom, which is composed of the Jewish people, is dealt with as the house of Judah and the Jews. If any of our readers are not yet satisfied on this point we promise that they shall still have abundant opportunity to become thoroughly convinced. Prof. C. A. L. Totten, of Yale University, says: “I can never be too thankful to the Almighty that in my youth he used the late Professor Wilson to show me the difference between the two houses. The very understanding of this difference is the KEY by which almost the entire Bible becomes intelligible, and I cannot state too strongly that the man who has not yet seen that Israel of the Scripture is totally distinct from the Jewish people, is yet in the very infancy, the mere alphabet, of Biblical study, and that to this day the meaning of seven-eighths of the Bible is shut to his understanding.”/ This will become more and more apparent as we proceed with a few brief out¬ lines of the histories of these two kingdoms. Israel displeased the Lord by her idolatry, but it is quite evident that, for some time after the division, 79 80 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright Judah pleased him by her faithfulness; and it is also evident that, for a short period, fraternal relations existed between the two kingdoms. These evidences are found in the history of the war which occurred be¬ tween Israel and Moab in the days of Jehoram, the son of Ahab, king of Israel, and of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah. During the reign of Ahab he had conquered IVloab, and the king of Moab paid him a revenue of one hun¬ dred thousand lambs and one hundred thousand rams, with the wool. But upon the ascension of Ahab’s son to the throne of Israel the king of Moab rebelled against him; and so it is recorded that King Jehoram went out of Samaria at that same time, and num¬ bered all Israel.” 2 Kings 3: 6. Here the expression “all Israel” has reference to all the region of country which was occupied by the ten tribes of which the kingdom of Israel was composed. Samaria was their capital city and the dwelling place of the king; but when the king of Moab rebelled against him it was but natural, and also good general¬ ship, that he should want to know the fighting strength of the kingdom. So he made a tour throughout the realm that he might know just how many fighting men he had. But it seems that he returned fully sat¬ isfied that he did not have an army of sufficient strength to insure victory, for he sent a message to the king of Judah, saying: “The king of Moab hath rebelled against me. Wilt thou go with me against Moab to battle?” To this the king of Judah replied in the affirmative, saying; The Broken Brotherhood 81 “I will go up: I am as thou art, and my people as thy people/’ As a matter of course he could say, “My people are as thy people,” for the people were brethren and sub¬ jects of brother nations, all being seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Children of the Promise. These two kings further decided, while holding a council of war, to go up by the way of the wilderness of Edom, and to ask the king of Edom to join with them against the Moabites. For the Edomites were also kinfolks of these two nations, they being the descend¬ ants of Esau, the brother of Jacob, whose name was changed to Edom after he sold his birthright. The king of Edom consented to go with them, and thus the Children of the Flesh and the Children of the Promise made common cause, and went up together against the king of Moab. But when they had made a seven-days’ journey they got into trouble, for there was no water for that great army of men and the beasts of burden which they were compelled to have with them. At the beginning of the chapter which contains the history of this war concerning the king of Israel, we have the following: “Now Jehoram, the son of Ahab, began to reign over Israel in Samaria in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, and he reigned twelve years. And wrought evil in the sight of the Lord, but not like his father and his mother; for he put away the image of Baal that his father had made. Nevertheless he cleaved unto the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom.” 82 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright But as soon as they were in trouble and the idol¬ atrous king of Israel found there was no water, then in startled fear he cried out, saying: “The Lord hath brought us three kings out here to destroy us.” How quickly, when tortured with guilty fear, the idolater knew there was a Lord who had power to destroy them, or at least to destroy him, for he knew that he deserved it, and only said “us three” because of a spirit of guilty cowardice which hoped to shift the responsibility, or, if failing in that, to insist that others were fully as much to blame as he—which is so often seen in frightened but impenitent men. But it was not so with Jehoshaphat, the God-fearing king of Judah, for he at once asked: “Is there not here a prophet of the Lord that we may inquire of the Lord by him?” No doubt, the thought of Jehoshaphat in asking this question was that by making inquiry of the Lord they would receive such Divine instruction as would en¬ able them to escape the threatened danger; for when one of the servants of the king of Israel, upon hear¬ ing this inquiry, stepped forward and informed them that Elisha the prophet was with the company the king of Judah rejoiced and said: “The word of the Lord is with him.” When Elisha was found and these three kings were ushered into his presence he addressed himself to the king of Israel, saying: “What have I to do with thee? Get thee to the prophets of thy father and to the prophets of thy mother.” But to this the king, still fearful, vouchsafed only the reply, “Nay: for the Lord The Broken Brotherhood 83 hath called these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab.” Then Elisha said: “As the Lord of Hosts liveth, before whom I stand, surely, were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, I would not look toward thee, nor see thee.” There are reasons given, and they are weighty ones, why the prophet of God should regard the king of Judah and emphasize the fact of his presence, in con¬ trast to the king of Israel; for, through the prophet Hosea the Lord declares: “Ephraim compasseth me about with lies, and the house of Israel with deceit: but Judah yet ruleth with God, and is faithful with the saints.” Ah, yes; Judah is not only faithful among the saints, but she yet has power and ruling influence with God. Here are reasons, abundant, for that honorable distinction which was conferred upon Judah and her God-honoring king. It was because of them that the Lord sent water to that famishing army and gave them victory over the Moabites. But Israel and her king, although serving Jeroboam's calves, yet, in a time of trouble, when moved by guilty fear, admitted the power of the God of their fathers. Hence “lies and deceit” were in Ephraim-Israel, but faithfulness—as yet—among the Jewish people. But there came a time when Judah was not among the faithful, and when she lost her power with God; and there also came a time when the fraternal rela¬ tions were broken between these brother nations. There are many instances of the severance of broth¬ erly harmony between these nations, but the following 84 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright instance, which occurred in the days of Amaziah, king of Judah, and Joash, king of Israel, not only reveals the broken ties but justifies the term Ephraim-Israel. “Moreover, Amaziah gathered Judah together and made them captains over thousands and over hundreds, according to the houses of their fathers through all Judah and Benjamin (the Levites were priests, not warriors), and he numbered them from twenty years old and above, and found them three hundred thousand choice men, able to go forth to war, that could handle spear and shield. He hired an hundred thousand mighty men of valour out of Israel, for a hundred talents of silver. But there came a man of God to him, saying, ‘O king, let not the army of Israel go with thee, for the Lord is not with Israel, to wit, all the children of Ephraim. But if thou wilt go and do it, to be strong for the battle, God shall make thee fall before the enemy; for God hath power to help and to cast down/ “And Amaziah said unto the man of God, But what shall we do with the hundred talents which I have given to the army of Israel? And the man of God an¬ swered, The Lord is able to give thee much more than this. Then Amaziah separated them, to wit, the army that was come to him out of Ephraim, to go home again: wherefore their anger was greatly kindled against Judah, and they returned home in great anger. And * * * the soldiers of the army which Amaziah sent back, that they should not go with him to battle, fell upon the cities of Judah, from Samaria even to Beth-horon, and smote three thousand of them, and took much spoil/’ The Broken Brotherhood 85 Thus we see that the terms Israel and Ephraim are used interchangeably, for at one time we read “the army out of Israel,” and at another, but concerning the same transaction, “the army that is come out of Ephraim.” Also the man of God told the king of the Jews that, if he went into battle with the hundred thousand men that he had hired out of Israel, the Lord would defeat him, for God was not with Israel, to wit, Ephraim. And further, when the king of Judah sent the soldiers back home he sent them from the nation which the sacred history calls “the Jews” to that which is called “Israel.” There is one other point which must not be over¬ looked at this juncture; that is, that Ephraim is the representative of the house of Joseph; that Joseph represents the Birthright blessing, which carries with it the promise of a multitude of children, which was originally given to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and that it sometimes occurs that the name of Joseph, the father, instead of Ephraim, the son, is used when recording facts of history or prophecy concerning the ten-tribed kingdom. This does not often occur, but the following is an instance: “And I will strengthen the house of Judah, and I will save the house of Joseph, and I will bring them again to place them ; for I have mercy upon them: and they shall be as though I had not cast them off: for I am the Lord their God, and will hear them. And Ephraim shall be like a mighty man, and their heart shall rejoice as through wine.” Zech. 10:6, 8. This text clearly shows that the names of Ephraim and Joseph are titles of the ten-tribed kingdom, in con- 86 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright tradistinction from Judah and the Jews as titles of the three-tribed kingdom. And, since it is true that Judah and Joseph are the inheritors of the two special promises which pertain to the two covenants, we need not be surprised at this, but should rather expect that these two names would stand thus contrasted. But all the more should we expect this, when we see the fact so clearly revealed in the history of the posterity of these two men that the Birthright name and people are representatives of one nation, and that Judah's sceptre is swaying over the other. But these facts are still more clearly brought out in one of Ezekiel’s prophecies, as follows: “Moreover, thou son of man, take thee one stick and write upon it, for Judah, and for the children of Israel his com¬ panions : then take another stick, and write upon it for Joseph, the stick of Ephraim, and for all the house of Israel, his companions. And join them one to another into one stick, and they shall become one in thine hand. And when the children of thy people shall speak unto thee, saying, Wilt thou not shew us what thou meanest by these? say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God: Behold, I will take the stick of Joseph, which is in the hand of Ephraim, and the tribes of Israel his fellows, and will put them with him, even with the stick of Judah and make them one in my hand. And the sticks wherein thou writest shall be in thy hand before their eyes. And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God: Behold I will take the children of Israel from among the heathen, whither they be gone, and will gather them on every side and bring them into their own land. And I will make them one nation The Broken Brotherhood 87 in the land upon the mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king to them all, and they shall be no more two nations, neither shall they be divided into two kingdoms any more at all. Neither shall they defile themselves any more with their idols, nor with their detestable things, nor with any of their transgressions: but I will save them out of all their dwelling-places, wherein they have sinned, and will cleanse them: so shall they be my people, and I will be their God/—Ezekiel, 37 115-23. Many things will need to be explained before we can show the relative place in the history of these peo¬ ple of all the facts herein mentioned. But this much is clear: (1) That there are two sticks, two nations, or kingdoms. (2) That Judah, who inherited the sceptre and crown, has one of those sticks, kingdoms, or nations; while Joseph-Ephraim has the other. (3) That Judah has with him as companions some of “the children of Israel,” and that Ephraim has some of “the tribes of Israel,” who are his fellows; and his companions. (4) That when this prophecy was written they were divided; and that all the people belonging to the race had gathered, either to Judah or Joseph, or in other words, either to the Sceptre or to the Birthright. (5) That at some future time they are again to be united, become one kingdom, and then remain so for¬ ever. (6) That when they are thus united, one king shall be king over them all, and when this takes place the peo- 88 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright pie will have been so lifted up by Divine power and so enriched by grace that they will no more defile them¬ selves, commit no transgressions, or in any way dis¬ please the Lord, but shall be his accepted people, and he shall be their God. Evidently one of these sticks is the Sceptre and the other the Birthright; for these and the promises con¬ nected with each are of general interest to all the children of promise, but they are the exclusive prop¬ erty of the two men, Judah and Joseph, who are the special subjects of the prophecy, while the entire pos¬ terity of Jacob is the general subject. But this figure of the two sticks, or staffs, is used in another proph¬ ecy, which pertains to the two houses and which should be of profound interest to all. Beginning in the midst of the seventh verse of the eleventh chapter of Zachariah, we have the following: “I took unto me two staves; the one I called Beauty, and the other I called Bands. * * * And I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder, that I might break my covenant which I had made with all the people. And it was broken in that day: and so the poor of the flock that waited upon me knew that it was the Word of the Lord. And I said unto them, If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, for¬ bear. So they weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. “And the Lord said unto me, Cast it to the potter: a goodly price that I was priced at of them. And I took thirty pieces of silver and cast them to the potter in the house of the Lord. Then I cut asunder mine The Broken Brotherhood 89 other staff, even Bands, that I might break the brother¬ hood between Israel and Judah.” Zech. 11: 7-14. So Israel and Judah are the two sticks or staves which the Lord took unto himself. He first cut asunder one stick or staff called Beauty, i. e., ten-tribed Israel. Then, after a certain transaction in which their Lord was sold for thirty pieces of silver, he cut asunder his other staff, called Bands (i. e., Judah, the Jews), that he might break the brotherhood between Judah and Israel! Just what a great and marvelously fulfilled truth is herein declared we are not yet prepared to explain. At this juncture we can only call your attention to the fact that Ezekiel’s prophecy concerning the putting together of the two sticks could not have been fulfilled until after the transaction which concerns the thirty pieces of silver; and that when it does take place it must be in harmony not only with those blessed results, which we have already mentioned, but also with that which is contained in the rest of that prophecy, a part of which is as follows: “And they shall dwell in the land that I have given to Jacob my servant, wherein your fathers have dwelt; and they shall dwell therein, even they, and their chil¬ dren, and their children’s children forever: and my servant David shall be their prince forever. “Moreover, I will make a covenant of peace with them; it shall be an everlasting covenant with them: and I will place them and multiply them, and will set my sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore.” The brotherhood is still broken, but it shall be mended. CHAPTER VII. EPHRAIM-SAMARIA-ISRAEI/S IDOLATRY. ‘‘When I would have healed Israel, then the in¬ iquity of Ephraim was discovered, and the wickedness of Samaria, for they commit falsehood.” (Hosea 7:1.) Here the names of Israel, Ephraim, and Samaria, are used interchangeably for the one kingdom. It bears the name Ephraim, because it is the Birthright king¬ dom ; that of Samaria, because that was the name of their capital city; and the name of Israel, for the reason that when dying Jacob, whose name had been changed to Israel, in bestowing the Birthright upon Joseph’s two sons, said: “Let my name be named on them. ,, When the blessing of Him that dwelt in the bush came upon Joseph, he who was separated from his brethren, it is declared that his glory was the ten thousands of Ephraim and the thousands of Manas- seh. Thus he received, in so far as tribal honor or glory is concerned, a double portion. So, at the time of the division of the land by lot, under the leadership of Joshua, we find the declaration that “there was also a lot for the tribe of Manasseh, for he was the first born of Joseph; but that “they gave no part unto the Levites in the land, save cities to dwell in,” and the reason given for it is, “For the children of Joseph were two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim.” Josh. 14:4. The fact is that Jacob adopted the two sons of Joseph gave them tribal headship, and thus made thirteen 90 Ephraim-Samaria-Israel’s Idolatry 9 1 tribes in Jacob. And since Judah, Benjamin, and Levi were the tribal heads of the kingdom of Judah, there were still ten tribes for the Birthright kingdom, and the I/Ord’s promise to the king of Israel stood fast. The history of the kingdom of Israel, as opposed to that of the Jews, is full of the sin of Jeroboam and of her kings who walked in this sin. This sin was, in a special sense, the sin of that nation. It pertained exclusively to them, because it was born, bred, lived, and died among them ; for no other nation took up with it, not even their brethren of the kingdom of Judah. It was the standing sin of the nation; to them it ever stood as an open door through which other forms of idolatry might enter, and through which they did enter. For, although it is said of Omri, the sixth king of Israel, that he wrought evil in the sight of the Lord in following the sin of Jeroboam, and also that he did worse than all that were before him, the Lord is compelled to say of Ahab, the son of Omri, that he did worse than his father; for it was he who in¬ troduced the worship of Baal among the Israelites. Following the introduction of Baalism, other idolatries were quickly introduced among them, and soon the cup of Israel’s iniquity was full to the brim; the result of which was that she was cast out of the land. Israel was not only cast out of that land, their God- given heritage and which—if God be true—must yet become their everlasting home; but she was cast off by the Lord and divorced from him, because of her harlotry in forsaking him, her lawful husband, for the worship of idols. 9 2 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright Before giving the details of the casting out and the casting of?, we deem it advisable to give a complete list of Israel’s dynasties, together with a list of all the kings wdio reigned over Israel from the time when the kingdom was taken from Solomon and given to Jeroboam, his servant, until they were finally driven out of the land, and also to give what the Scripture saith concerning the idolatry of each of these her kings. So we place, in parallel columns, below, the name and number of the king, the number of the dynasty, and the length of time which each of the kings reigned, in one column; and what is said concerning his idolatry in the other. I. DYNASTY. ist King, Jero¬ boam. Feigned 22 years. Idolatry . “And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David: if this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the Lord at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam, king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam, king of Judah, whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And he set the one in Beth¬ el, and the other he put in Dan. And Ephraim-Samaria-Israel’s Idolatry 2nd King, Nadab. Reigned 2 years. II. DYNASTY. 3rd King, Baasha. Reigned 24 years. 4th King, Elah. Reigned 2 years. III. DYNASTY. 5th King, Zimri. Reigned 1 week. IV. DYNASTY. 6th King, Omri. Reigned 12 years. 93 this thing became a sin, for the peo¬ ple went to worship.” (1 Ki. 12: 26-30.) “And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and walked in the way of his father, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin.” (1 Ki. 15: 26.) “And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and walked in the way of Jero¬ boam, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin.” (i Ki. 15:34.) “For all the sins of Baasha (Jero- boamism), and the sins of Elah his son, by which they sinned, and by which they made Israel to sin, etc.” (1 Ki. 16:13.) “And it came to pass, when Zimri saw that the city was taken, that he went into the palace of the king’s house, and burnt the king’s house over him with fire, and died, for his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the Lord, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did to make Israel to sin.” (1 Ki. 16: 18, 19.) “But Omri wrought evil in the eyes of the Lord, and did worse than all that were before him. For he walked in all the way of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, and in his sin 94 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright wherewith he made Israel to sin, to provoke the Lord God of Israel to anger with their vanities.” (i Ki. 16: 25-26.) “And Ahab, the son of Omri, did evil in the sight of the Lord above all that were before him. And it 7 th King, Ahab. came to pass, as if it had been a Reigned 22 years. light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, that he took to wife Jezebel, the daughter of Ethbaal, king of the Zi- donians, and went and served Baal, and worshiped him. And he reared up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which he had built in Samaria. And Ahab made a grove; and Ahab did more to provoke the Lord God of Israel than all the kings of Is¬ rael that were before him.” (1 Ki. 16:30-33.) “And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and walked in the way of his father, and in the way of his 3th King, Ahaziah. mother, and in the way of Jeroboam, Reigned 2 years. son 0 £ Nebat, who made Israel to sin: for he served Baal, and wor¬ shiped him, and provoked to anger the Lord God of Israel, according to all that his father had done.” (1 Ki. 22:52, 53.) Ephraim-Samaria-Israel’s Idolatry 95 9th King, Jehoram. Reigned 12 years. V. DYNASTY. 10th King, Jehu. Reigned 23 years. nth King, Jehoahaz. Reigned 17 years. 12th King, Joash. Reigned 10 years. 13th King, Jeroboam, the 2d. (son of Joash). Reigned 41 years. “And he wrought evil in the sight of the Lord; but not like his father, and like his mother; for he put away the image of Baal that his father had made. Nevertheless he cleaved unto the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom.” (2 Ki. 3:2, 3-) “Howbeit from the sins of Jero¬ boam, the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, Jehu departed not from after them, to wit, the golden calves that were in Bethel and that were in Dan.” (2 Ki. 10:29.) “And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, and fol¬ lowed the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin ; he departed not therefrom.” (2 Ki. 13:2.) “And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord; he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin; but he walked therein.” (2 Ki. 13:11.) “And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord: he depart¬ ed not from all the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.” (2 Ki. 14:24-) g6 Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright ‘‘And he did that which was evil 14th King, Zachariah. Reigned 6 months. VI. DYNASTY. 15th King, Shallum. Reigned 1 month. imthe sight of the Lord, as his father had done: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.” (2 Ki. 15 : 90 (Sins of Shallum not recorded.) VII. DYNASTY. 16th King, Menahem. Reigned 10 years. “And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord: he departed not all of his days from the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.” (2 Ki. 15:18.) “And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord: and he de¬ parted not from the sins of Jero¬ boam, the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.” (2 Ki. 15:24.) “And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord: he depart¬ ed not from the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.” (2 Ki. 15 :28.) “And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, but not as the kings of Israel that were before him.” (2 Ki. 17:2.) After the introduction of Baalism and other idol¬ atries, there were a few feeble attempts at reforma¬ tion; but they were only partial, as we may readily 17th King, Pekahiah. Reigned 2 years. VII. DYNASTY. 18th King, Pekah. Reigned 20 years. 19th King, Hoshea. Reigned 22 years. Ephraim-Samaria-Israel's Idolatry 97 see. Take, for instance, the case of Jehoram to which we referred in the last chapter; how it is writ¬ ten that "He wrought evil in the sight of the Lord, but not like his father and mother, for he put away the image of Baal that his father had made, never¬ theless he cleaved unto the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin.” It was this slight and hypocritical attempt to purify the worship of the people which so displeased the Lord, and which made Elisha the prophet give that scathing rebuke to Jehoram in the presence of his kinsman kings. For if he knew enough concerning the Lord God of his race to have his conscience troubled over Baal, he had sufficient light to have made a clean sweep of the whole thing, but he did not do it. And the sequel proves that he did not succeed in destroying Baalism from among his people, for they were soon back to it, and even went so far as to offer their own sons and daughters in living sacrifice to the idol of Baal. It was to this kingdom, the people of which are Israelites and not Jews, that the Lord sent Elijah the prophet to make the fire test as to whether he or Baal be God. And when the Lord answered bv fire, which not only consumed the sacrifice but the stones of the altar, the water in the ditch, and the very dust under the altar, it was these people who shouted loud and long: "The Lord, he is God! The Lord, he is God!” But they never forsook Jeroboam-ism, and soon relapsed into the worship of Baal worse than ever. Finally the Lord raised up Jehu, who destroyed all the house of Ahab, and became the king of Israel. He, g8 Judah's Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright * upon his ascension, “gathered the people together and said unto them, Ahab served Baal a little; Jehu shall serve him much. Now therefore call unto me all the prophets of Baal, all his priests; let none be wanting; for I have a great sacrifice to do for Baal; whosoever shall be wanting (lacking) he shall not live. But Jehu did it in subtlety, to the intent that he might destroy the worshipers of Baal.” (2 Ki. 10: 19.) His ruse worked like a charm; they all came, proph¬ ets, priests and all the worshipers, “so that there was not a man left that came not,” and the house of Baal was full from one end to the other. Then he com¬ manded his guards to destroy them, saying that the man who let one escape should pay the penalty with his own life. They did their work and did it well. So the record reads, “Thus Jehu did destroy Baal out of Israel.” But, oh, note the very next words: “How- beit, from the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, Jehu departed not from them, to wit, the golden calves that were in Bethel and that were in Dan.” (2 Kings, 10:29.) It was in regard to Israel, this same ten-tribed kingdom, that the Lord, through the prophet Hosea, said, “Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer,” and of whom he said, “I will heal their backslidings, I will love them freely”; and whom he exhorted, saying: “O Israel, return unto the Lord thy God!” But they would not. And yet at that same time the Lord de¬ clared that the Jews did have power with him, and that they were among the faithful saints. In the face of all these facts can there be any further question as to the real meaning of the expression, Ephraim-Samaria-Israel’s Idolatry 99 “Ephraim is joined to his idols’’—Jeroboam’s calves? Or need we be surprised, in the fact of these cold, hard facts, that the Lord should say, “Let him alone ?” No, surely no. The only surprise is that we should have been so stupid as to have tried to spiritualize Ephraim and his idols. Since it is a well-known fact that the Jews also went into the worship of Baal, and that for this they were eventually carried away to Babylon, we deem it advisable that all may the more readily grasp other facts with which we shall yet deal, to give at this juncture a tabulated list of Judah’s kings from the time God broke up the united kingdom,—for you will remember that he said, “This is of me”—until the Jewish people went into the Babylonish captivity. KINGDOM OF JUDAH. (Dynasty a continuation of David’s house.) 1st King. .Reigned 17 years 2nd (( u 3 tt 3rd (( a 4i tt 4th a tt 25 a 5th