N&tiorval Municipal Review PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL MUNICIPAL LEAGUE Editor, CLINTON ROGERS WOODRUFF Secretary, National Municipal League 121, South Broad Street Philadelphia ASSOCIATE EDITORS CHARLES A. BEARD, New York JOHN A. FAIRLIE, Urbaoa, IU. ARTHUR CROSBY LUDINGTON, New York ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD Morton A. Aldrich, New Orleans M. N. Baker, New York Roger N. Baldwin, St. Louis Richard S. Childs, New York Frederick A. Cleveland, Washington Horace E. Deming, New York Mayo Fesler, Cleveland William H. Glasson, Durham, N. C. Murray Cross, Philadelphia L. S. ROWE, Chairman, Philadelphia Augustus Raymond Hatton, Cleveland A. N. Holcombe, Cambridge George E. Hooker, Chicago Stiles P. Jones, Minneapolis J. Horace McFarland, Harrisburg Milo R. Maltbie, New York Ford H. MacGregor, Madison, Wis. Charles E. Merriam, Chicago Richard W. Montague, Portland, Ore. John Nolen, Cambridge C. S. Potts, Austin, Texas L. G. Powers, Washington, D. C. S. H. Ranck, Grand Rapids Edward M. Sait, New York W. J. Shepard, Columbia, Mo. J. Allen Smith, Seattle Delos F. Wilcox, New York Charles D. Willard, Los Angeles E. A. Walcott, San Francisco January 30, 1913. REV/S For Professor Fairlie:- Here is a report from Munro as chairman of the committee on municipal affairs of the Boston Chamber of Commerce, which might be referred to briefly in your department. 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Favored a resolve providing for an investigation for the purpose of securing plans for the exten¬ sion of the present State House in conformity with the existing architectural design. Demonstrated to the legislature the value to the industries of the state of the holding of the Fifth International Congress of Chambers of Commerce in Boston, and procured an appropriation of $25,- 000 for the entertainment of the delegates. Among those upon which the Chamber took ad¬ verse action and which were rejected by the Leg¬ islature were: Amendments to the Boston City Charter. Taxation of goods in storage warehouses. The Chamber at first opposed this bill inasmuch as it provided for taxation upon all goods in storage on April 1st of each year regardless of whether or not such commodities were temporarily stored awaiting shipment. The Chamber succeeded in procuring the passage of an amendment to this bill so as to exempt goods temporarily stored at Boston for foreign shipment. Your Committee feels that during the session of 1913 further improvement can be made in the presentation of the Chamber’s views, and would again urge that committees of the Chamber act as promptly as possible upon all matters referred to them by this committee, in order that their rec¬ ommendations may be presented at the regularly advertised hearings of the legislative committees, thus avoiding postponements and delays, as prac¬ tically all of the committees of the legislature be¬ fore whom we are likely to appear have too little time for the proper consideration of the numerous bills referred to them, and delays cause vexatious confusion. We also urge that the chairmen of com¬ mittees keep in close touch with the Chamber’s legislative counsel in regard to all matters upon which their committees desire to take action, as such co-operation will be a great help in getting results. The session of 1913 will be called upon to consider a great many matters of importance, and your committee feels that the Chamber will be better equipped than ever before to express the views of the business community if the above recommendations are followed out. All bills pre¬ sented to the Legislature will be referred to the appropriate committees of the Chamber as soon as printed, committees will be notified of hearings as soon as advertised, and all necessary assist¬ ance will be rendered by the legislative counsel. March G. Bennett, Acting Chairman Leon R. Eyges Associate Members Randolph Frothingham Andrew A. Casassa Louis F. R. Langelier Warren H. Colson Amos R. uittle Horace G. Pender William Odlin MARITIME AFFAIRS This short year has been a busy one for the Committee on Maritime Affairs. Some sixty sub¬ jects, every one of public import, have been con¬ sidered, and most of them acted upon and finally settled. To accomplish this, great credit is due to the tireless energy of many small sub-commit¬ tees, who have devoted time and ability without stint, to the matters in hand. The general commit¬ tee of fourteen has met at least once in two weeks, and has discussed with great care and delibera¬ tion the recommendations put before them. Not only have we been fortunate in the variety of ex¬ perience and ability that the individual composition of the committee has brought to the maritime af¬ fairs considered, but we have been aided by the knowledge and enthusiasm of the former chair¬ man, now serving as Honorary Chairman. The improvement of the United States Steam¬ boat Inspection Service, before us last year, still continues with us, greatly accentuated by the ter¬ rible tragedy of the "Titanic.” Our Chamber should, in co-operation with the Department of Commerce and Labor, advocate the strengthening of this Government Service until in skill and judg¬ ment it is fully abreast of the requirements of modern ship construction, upkeep and navigation. This country has a variety of vessels from the long legged type circling Cape Cod to the shoal draft craft on the Y'ukon River and from the Transat¬ lantic mail and passenger liner to the noisy little motor boat—each with one or more lives aboard— needing protection and oversight It is a pleasure to report that after five years of endeavor on the part of this Chamber, and its predecessor, the City of Boston has contracted for the construction of two small boat landings, one at Northern Avenue Bridge, and the other at Sum¬ mer Street Bridge for the free use of visiting vessels and our public. We have co-operated with the Lighthouse Bu¬ reau of the United States Government in approv¬ ing, improving and reorganizing the system of buoys, ranges and other navigation marks in Bos¬ ton harbor and at other points along our coast especially around Cape Cod. We have urged the experimental dredging by the National Government of a straight channel through Pollock Rip, because of it s seeming feasibility and because of its importance to vessels and lives now using that tortuous channel; We have presented to the Directors of the Port certain considerations res lecting the dredging and finishing of the Reserved Channel at South Bos¬ ton, respecting the prop ir marking of the Bird Island Flats Anchorage Lasin, respecting the fu¬ ture possibilities of development of T wharf when the fishing interests leave it; We have investigated ^nd approved, and advo¬ cated before the Legislat ve Committee, the abol¬ ishment of the useless Cape Cod Pilot Station and the equipment of the pilot boats with motor pow¬ er—both of which have Been done; We have studied many (legislative bills proposed to the Massachusetts Legislature and to Congress, as they have been referre( 1 to us, and we have tried to indicate what were and what were not for thp public weal; We have shared in the enjoyment and entertain¬ ment of the XII International Congress of Naviga tion which met in Philadelphia in May, and of which some eighty delegates visited our city and examin¬ ed our harbor; We have assisted the local lumber importers to get proper and convenient surveying done by the Treasury Department; We have lent a willing hand to help stop the motor boat noise nuisance; We have urged on Congress the great benefits to American shipping and to this and to other maritime communities, which would accrue from a remission of Panama Canal tolls on vessels of American registry engaged exclusively in American coastwise work; And we have with enthusiasm advocated a Fed¬ eral Hospital ship for deep sea fishermen, either by means of the Gardner bill now before Con¬ gress or some other practical measure. Boston is subject to excessive tidal variations from prolonged easterly or westerly winds, to the confusion of shipping using this harbor, and we again urge the prompt passage of this Chamoer’s bill, introduced by Congressman Murray, for the construction of two modern tidal gauges. Attention has been called by our committee to the inadequate assembling in this building of the maritime work of the Chamber and of the possi¬ bilities of the developnrpnt of this branch of the Chamber’s activities, if froom can be found. Our deep sea fish have been gathered by so- called hand line methods from efficient schooners manned by men who share the results. Boston under this system has become a great centre for this business, the value of the fish handled an¬ nually exceeding $11,000,000. During the last few years steam otter or beam trawlers have been built and introduced here; they represent the most mod¬ ern methods of fishing and promise to largely sup¬ plant the hand liners. A sub-committee gave many hearings to the interested parties, and made a comprehensive report of both sides of the ques¬ tion. Our Committee is of the opinion that the qualified United States Government experts and the State experts should determine definitely the effect upon the future supply of fish of this new method, and legislation, If any, should follow such findings. By authority of Congress an investiga¬ tion is now being made. This subject is of im¬ portance to this port and to the entire country, and deserves the continued attention of this Chamber of Commerce until settled rightly. It is with the greatest possible satisfaction that the Committee as a whole (and individually) has undertaken to discharge its obligations to the mem¬ bers of this Chamber and to the community at large in guarding, considering and supporting, in so far as it has deemed it wise, the proposals of the Directors of our Port for the upbuilding of our magnificent harbor and port. This year for the first time in the history of Boston an executive and administrative body clothed with authority has begun the work. The results are already ap¬ parent. New lines of steamers are promised, the services of some now running here are to be strengthened, inquiries from others have been receiv¬ ed, and the Directors have found it necessary to re¬ acquire from the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. the Com¬ monwealth pier in order to provide as quickly as possible for this increase of shipping. Evidences of new life in our maritime interests on every hand have come to our Committee. Well may we ex¬ pect great developments in the near future. The Committee has studied and approved the cancellation by the Directors of the Port of the Railroad lease of Commonwealth pier and has likewise advocated the new agreement with the X. Y„ X. H. & H. R. R. Co. Commonwealth pier when the houses are built and the street and railroad connections are made will be a modern steamship terminal capa¬ ble of berthing the largest and finest steamers afloat with every opportunity for developing the passenger business of the port. This is merely the beginning of an undertaking which must com¬ prehend all sides of our harbor and future com¬ mittees on Maritime Affairs should continue the ' Page 17 intimate relationship with the work of the Direct¬ ors of the Port, emphasizing from time to time the development most needed by the commercial interests, and upholding the hands of those to whom the present and the future of the port have been entrusted. Jerome Jones, Honorary Chairman William C. Brewer, Chairman Edward E. Blodgett John G. Crowley Frederick Foster Charles E. Gibson Theodore Jones John R. Neal W. Rodman Peabody Associate Members E. H. Pentecost Edwin R. Booth Charles Skentelbery William D. Eaton Fitz-Henry Smith, Jr. MEMBERSHIP The aim of the Committee on Membership this year has been to build up for the Chamber a mem¬ bership strong in both spirit and numbers. This has meant work of two kinds: First, interesting those already members in what the Chamber is doing, and second, securing new members. The committee has been of the opinion that the welding together of the members is more impor¬ tant than a large increase in numbers. During the past year the committee has gone to the members for suggestions and criticism of the work of the Chamber and has endeavored to make them feel a personal interest in what the Chamber was do¬ ing. The committee has acted as a committee on re¬ ception at all Chamber dinners and assemblies and has done everything in its power to prove the assertion that in no way can a more pleasant and valuable business acquaintance be acquired than by membership in the Chamber of Commerce. This practice should be continued. When a body has reached the size of the Cham¬ ber the losses through death, change of business, removal from the city and other causes, although a small percentage of the entire membership, amount to a number which it is no mean task to make up. It now seems assured that by the time your committee goes out of office it will not only have made up this loss but will have placed the membership at a higher point than ever before. The committee has solicited only those whoso membership it thought would contribute something to the Chamber and has carefully scrutinized all applications for membership. During the past six months the committee has had published in the Chamber of Commerce News the names of all ap¬ plicants. As valuable information concerning those applying for membership has been obtained in this way the committee suggests that the pub¬ lishing of names in the Chamber of Commerce News be made a permanent practice. The Committees on Membership in the future should exercise great care in the selection of new members, with the view of securing men who will remain in the Chamber and take an interest in its work. The Chamber cannot afford to sac¬ rifice the permanency of its membership for an in¬ crease in numbers. The International Congress of Chambers of Commerce, in the opinion of the committee, has done a great deal of good for the Chamber. While it is impossible to have meetings on such a scale every year the members of your committee feel that any gathering which brings the members to¬ gether can not but result In great benefit to the Chamber and its members. Such meetings should be encouraged and efforts made to make them popular. It has been suggested that the Chamber of Commerce make it a point to have a booth or ex¬ hibition at every future industrial exposition. This should not be primarily for the purpose of soliciting new members, but should be embraced as an opportunity of giving out facts and figures concerning Boston and the work the Chamber of Commerce is doing. Responsibility of making ar¬ rangements for space should be placed on some one committee and as such an exhibit would un¬ doubtedly result in increased membership 4 is suggested that this be assigned to the Committee on Membership. The committee suggests thal the Committee on Membership be enlarged to at least 30, a consid¬ erable portion of which should be chosen from the younger members of the Chamber. It favors the plan used by the Chicago Association of Com¬ merce which has a large committee on member¬ ship with a certain number of its members form¬ ing a committee to investigate and pass on all applications. The Committee on Membership has found that the general feeling toward the Chamber is friend¬ ly and that people realize the importance of the work that has been done during the past three years for Boston and New England. The problem which is still before the Chamber, however, is how i. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE NEWS Monday, November 18, 1912 Page 18 to use and keep the interest of its large member¬ ship. Jno. A. Voodry, Chairman Benjamin Joy, Vice-Chairman Herschel Bacharach Charles J. Bailey Frank W. Bailey B. B. Cannon L. E. Demelman Frederic H. Fay Leo S. Jolles James A. Lowell Nichols L. McKay W. R. J. Smith MUNICIPAL AND METROPOLITAN AFFAIRS The Committee on Municipal and Metropolitan Affairs has during the past year maintained, if not increased the scope of its activities so that num¬ erous meetings have been necessary. In its con¬ sideration and action upon the various municipal problems brought before it, the Committee has earnestly endeavored to keep in mind the best in¬ terests both of the Chamber and of the citizens of the whole municipality. Proposed street im¬ provements, involving the expenditure of laV-ge sums of money have been among the most im portant problems it has studied this year, and in making recommendations relative to these it has sought first of all to protect the financial re¬ sources of the city. In relation to one of these pro¬ posed improvements, which would require the ex¬ penditure of $1,250,000, it laid down the principle that all property benefited by an improvement should pay a proportionate betterment assessment, even when situated outside the present restricted zone of betterment levies. This action has led the Committee, in co-operation with the Committee on City Planning, to undertake a thorough study of present methods of financing public improvements. Toward the close of the year the Committee recommended that publicity be given the matters it has under consideration from time to time be¬ fore its reports on these matters are made to the Directors. This recommendation, if adopted, will mean a change in the general policy of the Cham¬ ber, but the Committee is of the opinion the time is ripe for the change, and hopes that the recom¬ mendation will be adopted at least as an experi¬ ment. A Review of the Year's Work The Committee held 31 meetings during the year, which was a short year because of the change in the date of the annual meeting from January to November. Of these 31 meetings, 12 were wholly or in part joint meetings with the Committee on City Planning. There were over 30 meetings of sub-committees of the Committee, or of joint sub-committees on which this Committee was represented, and members of the Committee appeared before the Governor and committees of the Legislature and of the City Council. At least 50 cUuerent matters of business have come before the Committee for consideration dur¬ ing the year, not all of which have been finally dis¬ posed of, and it considered a large number of bills which were presented to the Legislature of 1912. The Committee and its sub-committees contin¬ ued their meetings through most of the summer and individual members have given generously of their time and energy to the work of the Com¬ mittee. Street Improvements—Avery Street One of the most important matters which has been considered and acted upon by the Commit¬ tee on Municipal and Metropolitan Auairs the past year is the proposed widening and extension of Avery Street. This matter was of greater im- p rtance because of the principle of assessing bet¬ terments involved than because of the proposed improvement in itself and has occupied the atten¬ tion of this Committee and the Committee on City Planning almost continuously since early in Jan¬ uary. The history f the action upon this matter is too long to recite in detail. The Legislature passed a bill providing for the expenditure by the City of Boston of $1,250,000 outside the debt limit ' for widening and extending Avery Street, under the provisions of the law limiting the assessment of betterments to property within 125 feet of the im¬ provement and exempting property on substan¬ tially parallel streets. The Committee proposed, previous to the enactment of the legislation, that it be amended so that all property which received any benefit, wherever the property might be lo¬ cated, should pay its share of the cost. The Committee proposed two other amendments, but put the principal emphasis on the amendment to extend the field of assessment It favored the im¬ provement itself, but not the method by which it was proposed the cost should be paid. The Com¬ mittee’s action was approved by the Directors, as were all the other recommendations of the Com¬ mittee on this matter, so that in each case the Committee’s action became the action of the Chamber. The Committee, with the sanction of the Direc¬ tors, appeared before the Governor, and urged him to veto the bill, but the bill was eventually signed. The act, known as Chapter 558 of the Acts of 1912, cannot become effective, however, until the Mayor and City Council have approved it. The Chamber, upon recommendation of the Committee, asked the Mayor and City Council not to accept the act. Up to the close of the Chamber year they had taken no action upon it. The Committee is au¬ thorized to take whatever action is advisable in op¬ position to the final adoption of the act in its present form. St. James Avenue Another important proposal for street improve¬ ment which came before this Committee and the Committee on City Planning was for the widening of St. James Avenue from Trinity Place to Claren¬ don Street. This proposal was made by Mr. Lau¬ rence Minot, a member of the committee in charge of the development of the Park Square lands of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company. Because of advantageous financial co-operation offered by the Railroad Company and because the Committee con¬ sidered the improvement would be very desirable, it proposed that the Chamber ask the Mayor and City Council to petition the Legislature for per¬ missive legislation for carrying out the improve¬ ment. This the Chamber did and such a petition was presented, the legislation providing for the use of the excess condemnation amendment in making the improvement. The House Committee on Rules reported in favor of admitting the legislation, but not a sufficient number of favorable votes were cast in the House and it was not admitted. The matter has again :ome before the Commit¬ tee in a slightly altered form and is being consid¬ ered by a sub-committee in co-operation with a committee of the Boston Real Estate Exchange. Chapter 681, Acts of 1912 This Committee, again with the co-operation of the Committee on City Planning, advocated oppo¬ sition to the passage of a bill by the Legislature of 1912 appropriating $2,500,000 outside the debt limit for unspecified street improvements, and op¬ position was made by the Chamber. The bill passed and became Chapter 661 of the Acts of 1912. The Committee on Municipal and Metropolitan Af¬ fairs gave further study to the act. The members agreed on two things; that the act itself was un¬ desirable because of the bad financial policy it would permit, but that there is great need of street improvements, puiticulci^/ iu the suijurban dis- tricts. The Chamber madf public statements pre¬ pared by two Chamber members setting forth ar¬ guments for and against the adoption of the act by the voters at the election on November 5. The voters accepted the act. . Commonwealth Avenue and Dock Square A sub-committee of the Committee, with a sub¬ committee of the Committee on City Planning, it eoilsidering several important changes in Common¬ wealth Avenue west of Massachusetts Avenue, and a sub-committee is considering a proposed widen¬ ing of South Market Street and relief of traffic congestion in Dock Square and vicinity. Other Street Improvements The Joint Committee on Municipal and Metro¬ politan Affairs and on Cjty Planning gave atten¬ tion to such matters as thq widening and extension of Hamilton Place, the construction of a new street from Hanover Street to Boylston Street and a cross-town traffic way to j be built in conjunction with an inter-terminal railroad tunnel. The joint committee recommended opposition to the bills presented in the Legislature providing for these improvements. The recommendations were adopt¬ ed by the Directors, except that relating to the cross-town traffic-way, which matter finally be¬ came involved in the Legislature, in general rail¬ road legislation. In the other matters the Mayor, who was a petitioner for the legislation, withdrew the proposals Financing Public Improvements These proposed street improvements have raised questions which have resulted in the appointment of a joint sub-committee of the Committee on Mu¬ nicipal and Metropolitan Affairs and the Commit¬ tee on City Planning to consider the general ques¬ tion of financing public improvements and parti¬ cularly the method of assessing betterments for improvements. The joint sub-committee has been at work since midsummer and the full committee will probably make this its principal work for the current year. Metropolitan District and City Planning Several bills providing in one way or another for co-operative work in developing the metropoli¬ tan district were presented to the Legislature. Two of them were considered by the Committee, the more important of which was that included in the report of the Metropolitan Plan Commission which this Committee considered jointly with the Committee on City Planning. The Joint Committee reported in favor of this bill with suggestions for several changes, and the Directors approved the report. The Chamber was represented in favor of the bill at the hearing be ore the legislative Com¬ mittee on Metropolitan Affairs. This Committee also considered the bill pro¬ posed by the Massachusetts Real Estate Exchange providing for the general municipal government of metropolitan Boston. The Committee did not ap¬ prove this bill and recommended that the Cham¬ ber take no action on it. The matter was laid on the table by me Chamber’s Executive Committee, as the legislative Committee had reported a re¬ solve for enlarging and continuing the Metropoli¬ tan Plan Commission. No legislation relating to metropolitan planning was passed, however, by tbs Legislature of 1912. A joint sub-committee of the Committee on Mu¬ nicipal and Metropolitan Affairs and on City Plan¬ ning was appointed in June to consider Coun¬ cillor Hale’s ordinance providing for a Boston Planning Commission and the general question of a planning commission for this city. The joint sub¬ committee is at work but has not as yet reported. Street Lighting In June, 1911, the City Council appropriated $300,000 to be expended by the Commissioner of Public Works for the purchase and installation of approximately 11,000 gas lamps with mantles and other necessary equipment and approximately 11,- 000 automatic lighting and extinguishing devices. The mayor approved the appropriation. The Com¬ mittee studied the various bids for furnishing the equipment submitted to the Commissioner of Pub¬ lic Works, conferred with the Commissioner and the consulting engineer of the Boston Finance Commission and on February 13 recommended "that the Chamber favor the adoption of the in¬ verted type of gas lamp when purchasing equip¬ ment for the lighting of the city’s subsidiary streets with gas.” A second and similar report was later made, and the Committee was authorized to advocate the inverted type of lamp, which it did at a public hearing given by the Mayor. The Com¬ missioner of Public Works has recommended the ■urchase of an inverted mantle type of lamp, and so has the Boston Finance Commission, but the Mayor opposes the purchase of the lamp recom¬ mended, and no new system of subsidiary street lighting has yet been provided, although the ap¬ propriation is still available. High Pressure Pumping Station The Commissioner of Public Works requested the Committee to consider the problem of a prop¬ er location for the pumping station to be built in connection with the new high pressure fire ser¬ vice provided for in Chapter 312 of the Acts of 1911. The Commissioner was in fa.vor of placing the pumping station on Boston Common, as he con¬ sidered it the most available and the safest loca¬ tion for it. The Committee decided, however, that there would be too serious opposition to erecting the station on the Common, or constructing it un¬ der the Common, and finally reported in favor of constructing the station under Charles Street be¬ tween the Common and the Public Garden, a plan considered feasible by the Commissioner and the Committee. With its report the Committee pre¬ sented a design for an ornamental gate to the Common on Charles Street in which might be concealed the necessary entrance and ventilating apparatus for the station. The Committee was authorized to support the Commissioner if he de¬ cides to locate the station under Charles Street. Amendments to By-Laws Largely as a result of the action of this Commit¬ tee on the proposed Avery Street Improvement, the Chamber was petitioned for amendments to the by-laws which would, in effect, have taken from the Directors the authority to act for the Cham¬ ber on matters relating to public improvements, and placed this power in the Chamber membership. The Committee was of the opinion that such a change would be disastrous to effective action by the Chamber. The amendments were rejected by a decisive vote at the Chamber meeting in October. Publicity In order that the members of the Chamber may know what matters the Committee has under con¬ sideration and may, if they wish, be given a hear¬ ing on any particular matter before the Commit¬ tee has reported upon it, the Committee appoint¬ ed a sub-committee to confer with the Committee on Publicity relative to publication in the issues of the “Chamber of Commerce News” of articles telling what the Committee is doing. The sugges¬ tions of the conference sub-committee were wel¬ comed by the Committee on Publicity and this Committee hopes to be able during the coming year to keep the Chamber membership fully in¬ formed as to what it is doing. Traffic In April, 1911, the Committee on Municipal and Metropolitan Affairs called the attention of the Di¬ rectors to the undesirable traffic conditions on At¬ lantic Avenue and suggested arrangements by which the conditions might be remedied. An agree¬ ment, as between the Union Freight Railroad Com¬ pany and the Boston Elevated Railway Company for the joint use of tracks on Atlantic Avenue, was drafted. It was never signed by the parties con¬ cerned and early this year the committee took up the matter again. 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Jo saajjiraraoo-qns jo sSuijggra OS J9A0 gaaAi aaaqx ‘SuinuBU Ajio uo ggjjiraraoo gqj qjiAi sSuijaara juioC jaud ui ao AnoqAi gaaAi ZX ‘sSuijggra xs osaqj jo ‘aaqinaAoisi oj AannuBjc raoaj Suijgara ibhuub aqj jo ajup aqj ui aSuBqo aqj jo asnBoaq auaA jaoqs b sbaa qoiqAi ‘anaA gqj Suianp sSuijggra is P[aq sajjiraraoo oqx Monday, November 18, 1912 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE NEWS Page 19 (erfere with their plans for port development. On the recommendation of the Chamber’s Directors, tue Directors of the Port have been requested to work out and secure the adoption of a plan for the joint use of the tracks on Atlantic Avenue. The matter is still pending. The Under Forty Division is making an exten¬ sive study of the street traffic situation. City Ordinances A draft of an ordinance providing for the con¬ struction of sidewalks in the City of Boston, in which the United Improvement Association and several other organizations are interested, was brought before the Committee. It is still in the hands of a sub-committee. The City of Boston Hotel Association requested the Committee to hear the Association’s objec¬ tions to a new city ordinance requiring hotels to pay for the removal of their garbage. A sub-com¬ mittee heard the hotel owners and managers and also the Commissioner of Public Works on the matter. The Committee could see no reason why the ordinance should be modified and reported to that effect. The Committee’s report was ap¬ proved by the Directors. The Committee considered a new ordinance pro¬ posed by the Mayor providing for the consolidation of the Park, Public Grounds, Bath and Music De¬ partments of the city and reported in favor of the proposed consolidation, provided all the officials and employes of the new department were put un¬ der civil service. The Committee thought it unde¬ sirable and unnecessary for the Chamber to urge the City Council to pass the ordinance, and the position of the Committee was approved by the Directors. The Women’s Municipal League requested the Chamber’s approval of an amendment to Section 18, Chap. 47, Revised Ordinances of 1898, the amendment providing that garbage, refuse, etc., be placed in tightly covered metal receptacles. The Committee reported that the amendment was not necessary, but proposed another amendment to the ordinance which would require the use of closely covered water-tight vehicles and receptacles in carrying waste matter through the streets. The report of the Committee was approved and the secretary of the Chamber submitted the amend¬ ment to the City Clerk for presentation to the City Council. The Committee considered an ordinance provid¬ ing for a board of examiners within the building department of the city and reported in favor of the ordinance with several minor amendments. The report was adopted by the Directors, and rep¬ resentatives of the Committee appeared before the Committee on Ordinances of the City Council on the matter. Additional Legislation In addition to legislation previously mentioned various bills before the Legislature of 1912 were referred to this Committee for consideration. They were all considered first by a sub-committee on legislation and then by the full Committee. On a majority of the bills the Chamber, on the recom¬ mendation of the Committee, took no action. Two groups of bills, however, were of such import¬ ance that action was necessary. One of these groups included bills providing for amendments to the Boston charter amendments of 1909. The Committee recommended that the Chamber oppose all amendments to the charter. The recommendation was adopted by the Direc¬ tors, and the Committee was represented before the legislative Committee on Metropolitan Affairs at the hearing on the matter. The charter was again successfully defended by the combined good government forces and the proposed charter amendments defeated. The second group included bills providing for the extended use of school buildings. The Com¬ mittee endorsed the principle of extended use of school buildings and approved the particular bill petitioned for by the Boston Finance Commission. The Directors approved the position taken by the Committee. Legislation for the extended use of school buildings was placed on the statute books by the Legislature and the Boston School Commit¬ tee has started several social centres in public school 'buildings under this legislation. M isceilaneous The location of the proposed Boston Elevated Railway Co. express station on Mott Street came before the Committee, but was a simple problem, demanded no action and did not go beyond the Committee. The Committee arranged a conference between the Commissioner of Public Works and represen¬ tatives of the Boston Fruit & Produce Exchange which resulted in a promise of co-operation on the part of the Commissioner with the Exchange in a campaign for a cleaner “market district.” Other matters on which the Committee took ac¬ tion were: Investigation of the Health Depart¬ ment, Schedules of Tariffs for Public Services. De¬ lay on the East Boston Ferry, Additional Subway Tracks under Tremont Street Mall of Common, and the City Hall Annex. A sub-committee of the Committee is at work upon the housing problem, and another sub-commit¬ tee is making a study of the matter of a pension system for city employes. The Committee hid under consideration at the close of the year, besides subjects already re¬ ferred to, the following: Waste of City Water, Pub¬ lic Markets, Sidewalk Obstructions and Book De¬ livery Service at the Public Library. William B. Munro, Chairman Francis R. Bangs Marshall F. Blanchard Samuel B. Capen Harry J. Carlson Sturgis Coffin, 2d William C. Ewing Amasa C. Gould Henry E. Hagan Hammond V. Hayes Renton Whidden Associate Members Augustus S. Cobb Cyrus Y. Ferris Albert F. Flint Matthew J. Fox Frederick S. Whitwell Joseph Earl Perry Joseph R. Yendley PUBLIC h EALTH LAWS The Committee on Public Health Laws and Their Enforcement was appointed originally as a special committee to consider the situation in re¬ gard to the existing health laws and their en¬ forcement, with particulad reference to a recom¬ mendation of the Governor, made in a special message to the Legislatura “That more considera¬ tion be given to developing a definite state policy respecting the relative nedds of incipient and ad¬ vanced cases of consumption, and the division of responsibility as between j:he state and the com¬ munity.” Your Committee, after ward F. McSweeney, Chai the Boston Consumptives stand had brought the m the Chamber, asked fo Chairman of the State Bokrd of Health and with the Chairman of the Trus tees of Hospitals for Consumptives. Its purpose to find out exactly what It ascertained that, while pitals for Consumptives ha re to their particular branch the state, the State Boarc mulated or officially adopl id policy for handling nferring with Mr. Ed- an of the Trustees of ospital, who, we under- er to the attention of interviews with the in doing this was :he state’s policy was. the Trustees of Hos- a policy with regard of tuberculosis work in of Health had no for- the problem as a whole in tee was informed by the Board of Health that, wh. rate and declare such a he state. Your Commit- Chairman of the State vb i he couldnot formu- at it^Tequest, his boird would be glad, in cot .unction with the Trus¬ tees of Hospitals for Consumptives, to formulate such a policy if requested to do so by the Legisla¬ ture of the state. It was the opinion of yohr Committee that, in the absence of a definitely formulated policy worked out by those in the state best qualified by knowledge and experience to deal with the sub¬ ject, any recommendations by your Committee af¬ ter such limited study as it could give to the subject would be of very little service. On the oth¬ er hand it believed that .if a definite policy could be worked out by these experts that policy would in all probability be such that bodies like the Chamber of Commerce w r ould have something definite which they could ^et back of and assist. With this end in view yo approval of the Directors peared before the Committee on Public Health of the Legislature, and recom aended the passage of an accompanying resolve, Board of Health and the Trustees of Hospitals for Consumptives were made t Commission to inves¬ tigate and report such a state policy to the Legis¬ lature. This resolve pass :d unanimously both bouses of the Legislature t-nd was signed by the Governor. Your Committee has likewise requested this r Committee, with the >f the Chamber, ap- Commission to fix a time fo c public hearings when your Committee and other persons interested in the matter can appear, and present such informa- tion and make such recom aendations as may as- sist in the work of this Commission. Your Committee trusts th rt, as a result of these efforts, there will before lc ng be a definite state policy for combating tuberctlosis, on which all can unite and to which your bo sistance. iy can lend its best as- StoughSon Bell, Chairman R. M. Jradley Richarc B. Carter PUBLIC UT LITIES For the Committee on P blic Utilities the brief Chamber year of 1912 was .one of comparative in¬ activity. The particular duty of the Committee is | to consider and report upln matters relating to such important public utilities as electric railway transportation and gas, elecjric light and telephone service. No problem affecting Boston of such mo¬ ment as that presented to the legislature of 1911 providing for the renewal o' leases-of existing sub¬ ways and the construction of several new sub¬ ways came up for consideration during 1912. nor has the Committee felt the necessity of taking important action in relation to the other public utilities. The Committee w T as not idle through the year, however, and between January and May trans¬ acted considerable business. Furthermore, the coming year promises to be a busy one. Already the Committee has begun consideration of the codi¬ fication of the laws relating to the manufacture and sale of gas and electricity provided for by Chap¬ ter 51 of the Resolves of 1912. The Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners is giving a se¬ ries of hearings on the Resolve for codification of the laws in question and the Committee has in¬ formed the Board that it desires later to file a report on the matter. It will make a study of the testimony given at the hearings before the Board and expects to report recommendations to the Chamber’s Directors. There are also other mat¬ ters in prospect for the consideration of the Com¬ mittee. The Street Railway Merger In many ways the most important matter upon which the Committee took action in 1912 was the proposed merger of practically all the street rail¬ way companies in Western Massachusetts under the control of the New Haven Railroad. There was a large but by no means unanimous demand for the merger from the cities and towns of the Berkshire section of the State because of the ex¬ pectation that the New Haven would spend sev¬ eral millions of dollars in improving and extend¬ ing street railway service in the hill towns. The Committee considered two bills providing for the merger and reported that the bills should not he passed by the Legislature before a thorough in¬ vestigation by the railroad commission of the ad¬ visability of such a merger. The Directors ap¬ proved the report and it was made public. The merger legislation failed to receive the approval of the Governor, but a recess Committee of the Legislature was created to study the whole mat¬ ter and report to the next Legislature. Legislative Matters The Committee considered altogether about 100 bills which were before the Legislature of 1912. On the majority of them it reported that the Cham¬ ber should take no action and its recommendations were approved. Among the subjects before the Legislature on which the Committee did take def¬ inite action, besides the Western Massachusetts merger bill, were the following: The removal of the elevated railway structure from a portion of Washington Street and the substitution of a tun¬ nel therefor; telepnone rates; tbe development of transportation in relation to Copley Square; the prices of gas and electricity; the proposed railroad tunnel and traffic highway between the North and South terminal stations. Removal of the Elevated A hearing was given the petitioners for legisla¬ tion to provide for the removal of the elevated rail¬ way structure from Washington Street between Castle Street and Dudley Street, and the con¬ struction of a tunnel to take its place. The Com¬ mittee adopted a report stating that removal of the elevated structure was inadvisable for the present, and recommended that its report be filed with the proper legislative committee. The report was ap¬ proved and its recommendation adopted by the Directors. Telephone Rates The Committee recommended that the Chamber actively oppose a group of bills providing various changes in telephone rates. The Committee stated that it had previously taken the position that the problem of telephone rates should be left to the State Highway Commission and the Telephone Com¬ pany to work out together, and that there should be no legislative interference until it has been dem¬ onstrated, after a reasonable time, that the capa¬ city or willingness to solve the problem is lack¬ ing. The legislative committee reported leave to withdraw on the bills and the Directors did not act on the report of this Committee. Copley Square This Committee joined with the Committee on City Planning to secure legislation providing for a study by the Boston Transit Commission of the proper development of transportation facilities through Copley Square. The co-operation of the Boston Elevated Railway Company was requested, but the Company did not care to take up the mat¬ ter. The joint committee finally received a com¬ munication from the Boston Transit Commission stating in effect, that in planning the new Boylstou Street subway the Commission would give proper consideration to the probable future requirements of Copley Square. A joint sub-committee of this Committee and Committee on City Planning was appointed to confer from time to time •with the Commission. Frices of Gas and Electricity The Committee made a report relative to the subject of prices paid for gas and electricity by the City and by the small consumer, stating that the subject was too complicated to be properly considered by the Committee, and that an investi¬ gation should be made by the Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners. Page 20 CHAMBER OP COMMERCE NEWS Monday, November 18, 191; The Inter-terminal Tunnel A bill providing for an inter-terminal railroad tunnel and highway was referred to this Commit¬ tee by the Committee on Transportation. The two committees, acting jointly, were instrumental in part in having the bill laid on the table in the Sen¬ ate after it had passed the House. The Commit¬ tees on City Planning and on Municipal and Met¬ ropolitan Affairs joined this Committee and the Committee on Transportation to act on the mat¬ ter. The Joint Committee was authorized by the Chamber to take such action as would result in the drafting of a bill satisfactory to the several in¬ terests affected. As a result one conference was held in which Mr. Henry Howard, for the Joint Committee; Mayor John F. Fitzgerald, Vice-Presi¬ dent Timothy E. Brynes of the New Haven Rail¬ road, and State Senator Charles H. Pearson took part. Vice-President Byrnes agreed to put in writ¬ ing a statement of the position of the New Haven officials on the matter and submit it later with a draft of a bill that would be satisfactory to the New Haven. The statement and bill were not sub¬ mitted. The legislative committee incorporated a provision for a tunnel in a general railroad mer¬ ger bill and the Joint Committee took no further action for the reason that the Directors took up the railroad legislation for consideration. The Committee will undoubtedly consider many of the problems which will come before the Legis¬ lature of 1913 relating to public utilities. Henry Howard, Chairman George Hutchinson Dugald C. Jackson Associate Members Robert Treat Paine Arthur L. Endicott Edwin S. Webster E. Howard George Charles F. Weed PUBLICITY which members wdll differ Units the possibiUties of interesting matter in the News except through signed statements. Proper attention to publicity of Chamber activities in ths daily press often requires publication of interes ing matter between issues of the News, so that Ihe official report in the News is already familiar :o the members and so less interesting. The fifeld of the former mcnthly publication of the Chamber "Advance New England” is now part of the work of the Newls. The Committee had hoped to publish this year nore articles illustra¬ tive of the development of 3oston which would give due publicity to the comnercial growth of the city among other trade (bodies which receive our paper. Pressure of other work and the limitations on the size of the paper whiih could be economi¬ cally published have prevented accomplishment of this purpose. Your Committee has in hard a plan for broaden¬ ing the scope and influence of the News which it is believed will enhance the paper's growth. Publi¬ cation of the details of this plan must await their further development. During the year there has been a change in the editorial management of the News, Richard J. Walsh having resigned as editor in April and hav¬ ing been succeeded by George T. Richardson. The advertising manage&ent. remains the same. The work of the pub icity department outside the Chamber’s own publication has been especially active during the past six months, owing to the Fifth International Congi ess of Chambers of Com¬ merce. Although this wcrk was under the super¬ vision of a special comm ttee, the details were left to the Chamber’s regulai publicity staff and their execution involved mucl time and labor. Mean¬ while the general public ty work of the Chamber has not been neglected, ,nd every effort has been made to secure all whoUsome publicity by every The purposes of the Committee on Publicity dur¬ ing the past year have been to improve the Cham¬ ber of Commerce News and to put it on a secure financial basis, to conduct the usual publicity work of the Chamber through the daily press, and to develop larger fields of publicity for the Chamber and for New England. The belief expressed in the last annual report of the Committee on Publicity that the News would have a greater development during the en¬ suing year has been realized. It did not fall be¬ low eight pages during the summer months, and Increased advertising required several larger is¬ sues. Each weekly issue has been brought to the standard of that formerly issued once each month by a uniform quality of paper permitting adequate printing of half-tone cuts. Under the old system there was a tendency on the part of advertisers to concentrate their copy upon one issue a month, which became cumbersome and required double postage, while the other issues did not carry a de¬ sirable quota of advertising. New type and more satisfactory presswork have been secured. An effort has been made to co-oper¬ ate with patrons in the improvement of the typo¬ graphical appearance of advertising. In this there remains much room for improvement and we rec¬ ommend more systematic study of the possibili¬ ties of this work. A department of “classified ad¬ vertising,” inaugurated early in the summer, has met with the appreciation of advertisers, and ap¬ pears destined to add materially to the strength and interest of the publication. As heretofore, the solicitation of advertising has been kept upon a purely business basis, and re¬ sults have repeatedly demonstrated that the claims of the News to be regarded as a valuable advertising medium are in strict conformity with the facts. It would be well, however, to impress once more upon the membership of the Chamber that the News is their paper, that they are its owners and publishers. It is good business for the members, other things being equal, to patron¬ ize their own advertisers. Your Committee is glad to say that this sentiment prevails to a great ex¬ tent among the members, and that much attention is paid to the advertising columns of the News. In addition to reporting Chamber activities to the members an effort has been made to publish articles of a more general nature of interest to the membership. A department of book reviews, in which new publications of special value to busi¬ ness men are summarized, has been added. In the last annual report of the Committee on Pub¬ licity the inauguration of a policy of printing signed articles and signed editorials by well- known members of the Chamber and other men of authority was mentioned. This policy is still ad¬ hered to, but the editor of the News does not meet with quite the co-operation in carrying it out that is desirable. Your Committee respectfully urge upon the members, and especially upon chairmen of committees and committee members, the import¬ ance and value of such signed articles and edi¬ torials on topics of interest to the membership, and asks that such material be furnished as free¬ ly and frequently as possible. The necessity of avoiding topics on which com¬ mittees of the Chamber have not acted and about legitimate and desirabld means. Close relations with the Boston newspa; ers have been cultivated and many special news aper and magazine arti¬ cles bearing upon the w >rk of the Chamber have been prepared or inspire 1 by furnishing attractive material. Your Committt j believes that the rela¬ tions of the newspaper are constantly gaining st vantage of Boston and press and the Chamber ength, to the distinct ad- jur commercial develop- ble be done that this c ment, and we strongly u: ge that everything possi- mmunity of interest be¬ tween the newspapers a id the Chamber be still further augmented. A ,, We rectfHBRnd thafl|P*c the ensuing year the following subjects be developed: 1. Improvement in the reading matter of the News, to insure the attention of the members. 2. Improvement of the typographical form of advertisements through; co-operation with adver¬ tisers. 3. Development of gieater interest in the activ¬ ities of the Chamber and the growth of New Eng¬ land in other parts of the United States and for¬ eign countries. Sydney R. Wrightington, Chairman Samuel E. Blanchard Gleaveland A. Chandler Associate Members Frank B. Cummings Irving J. French James T. Wetherald Everit B. Terhune Russell R. Whitman AC RETAIL TRADE BOARD The Governing Board ind seven standing commit¬ tees of the Retail Trade poard have been active in working for the objects fir which the Board stands. From its first organization, the Retail Trade Board has worked to eliminate unfair competition. As a result of a meeting of the Retail Trade Board, the activity of the Pilgrim Publicity Association, and certain bills introduced into the Legislature, a specal committee was appointed by the Retail Trade Board to make m study of the law and its possible amendments hajing to do with fraudulent advertising. The comm:ttee found that the law as it stood on the statute books, provided no penal¬ ty for fraudulent advertising, unless it could be proven that some one hid actually been deceived or damaged, and unless that person made a com¬ plaint before a court. Tlte committee made a study of Massachusetts laws Jnd the German law and finally decided that in formulating an advertising l. 11 *1, „ t O /if 1 />AT1 Cl /I DT^fl * bill the following factoifc (1) the quality of the art should be considered: ele offered; (2) the quan- se advertised; (4) the r manufacture; (5) the such merchandise; (5) board support House Bi the board appeared befc- Legislature which was c The contention of the ( the law should control ad tity offered; (3) the mai ner or source of the pur chase of the merchanc i method of production, reason for the price o: the price. The committcfe recommended that the 1175; and members of e the committee of the nsidering the bill, overning Board was that ertising in respect to the six factors above noted, tpt not in respect of state¬ ments concerning value.—on the ground that value, especially of such articles as are designed to meet special fashion or tastes, is of too uncertain char¬ acter to he definitely determined. The legislation that was enacted as a result of these endeavors Chapter 4S9 of 1912—was entirety in accord with the wishes of the board: it included regulations of the six factors above mentioned, and did not attempt to regulate statements concerning value. As a result of an investigation by the secretary of the Retail Trade Board early in February, Her¬ bert N. Goldman of New York, was prosecuted and convicted on a charge of fraudulent advertising, and a fur sale which he was conducting in Brookline was broken up. Several members of the board be¬ came much interested in this case, and devoted a considerable amount of time to it. This was said to be the first conviction ever obtained under the then existing fraudulent advertising law. The difficulties met with in carrying through its pros¬ ecution were in a large measure responsible for the interest of the board in securing a new frau¬ dulent advertising law. The Committee on Credit Reporting investigated the feasibility o.f connecting twenty of the largest stores by direct telephone lines with the Credit Reporting Company in order to facilitate the ex¬ change of references; but it was found that such a direct line would put the majority of these com¬ panies to more trouble than the increase in the efficiency of the service would offset, and the pro¬ ject was abandoned. The matter of Boston stores answering credit references from New York direct rather than send¬ ing them through the Credit Reporting Company, was referred to the Credit Men's Association. Certain complaints concerning the service ren¬ dered by the Credit Reporting Company were in¬ vestigated and the committee recommended that the number of messenger boys used by the company be doubled and that key ratings should be put on 2 eferences returned to subscribers. The Committee on Legislation examined all bills introduced in the Massachusetts Legislature, care¬ fully considered all that were of interest to mem¬ bers of the Retail Trade Board, and recommended “no action” or referred them to the Governing Board for its consideration. A bill having been presented in the national House of Representatives requiring manufacturers to place their own names upon manufactured arti¬ cles, the Governing Board, believing that such legislation would be of great disadvantage to the retail interests, instructed the secretary to draw up resolutions to be submitted to the Executive Committee of the Chamber, and if approved by them, to be forwarded to the Senators and Repre¬ sentatives of Massachusetts. This was done, and advice was received from Washington that the bill would not come up at this session. The Governing Board voted to support House Bill 1395, relating to establishing a State Board of Labor and defining its powers and duties. After the close of the session of the Legislature, there was prepared a pamphlet containing all legis¬ lation of 1912 of interest to retailers; the Govern¬ ing Board has authorized that it be printed and it will be distributed to all members of the Retail Trade Board. Several complaints having been received con¬ cerning the delay in the appraisal of packages im¬ ported from abroad, the possibility of adopting the split invoice was taken up with the Treasury De¬ partment. This Department stated that the prac¬ tice in vogue at New York is to send all the cases to a single examiner in charge of a floor space designated for that purpose, and all the eases covered by the invoice are opened, verified, repacked and closed under the supervision of this one examiner. Wherever possible, samples of the merchandise are taken from this room to the regu¬ lar examiner, who passes the line of merchandise, makes the appraisal and the classification upon the sample. When this cannot be done the regular examiner is called by telephone to the room. The Governing Board understands that this plan is to be adopted in Boston, and that the delays which were experienced in the past are expected to be somewhat minimized as a result. The fundamental difficulty, however, in making a prompt appraisal of goods received at the apprais¬ ers’ stores is that there is not room enough to properly conduct the business which must be trans¬ acted. Sites for the erection of an adequate building have already been purchased and an ade¬ quate appropriation for building lies in the hands of the Treasury Department. In co-operation with the officials of the Boston Opera; a letter was prepared and sent to every member of the Retail Trade Board, urging him to attend at least one performance of the opera. While the results were not as satisfactory as it was hoped they would be, a considerable number of the mem¬ bers of the Retail Trade Board signified their in¬ tention of purchasing tickets for use by themselves and their employes. The “Get-Together” Committee organized two dinners which were enjoyed by a large number of the retailers and which were altogether distinctive and out of the ordinary—a beefsteak dinner and retailers' barbecue. The Committee on Insurance investigated the “no smoking” signs placed by the police in New York according to their judgment. It was found -ut qou ptaoM. sipujq anuaAy oiquB[qy jo asn quiot aqq joj quaraaajSu uu aaqqiuuuoo eqq pajnssu 8Auq qjo^ aqq jo sjoqoajja aqx -uibSb Jaqquui aqq dn qooq aaqqiuuuoo aqq jbsX siqq Xpua puB paujao -uoo saiqjud aqq Xq pauSis jbasu sbaa qi "paqjujp sbav ‘anuaAy oiquuiqy uo sqoujq jo asn quiof aqq joj X uBdtnoo Xbaaijbh poqBAajg uoqsog aqq puB Xuud -moo pBOJiiBqx qqSiajg uoiun aqq uaaAiqaq sb ‘quara -aaj3u uy ‘paiparaaj aq qqSirn suoiqipuoa aqq qoiqAi Xq squaraaSuBJJB paqsaSSns puB anuaAy oiquui -qy uo suoiqipuoa oqjujq aiquJisapun aqq oq saoqoaj qa aqq J° uoiquaqqu aqq paquo sjibjjv uBqiiodojqaj\[ puB iBdioiuuM uo aaqqimraoo aqq ‘H6T ‘[!Jdy ui oqqeji. •Suxop si qi quqm oq sb paiuaoj -ut Xqnj diqsjaqmara jaqtuBqo aqq daaq oq JBaX Sutraoo aqq Suunp axqu aq oq sadoq aaqqtrainoo siqq pub Xqioiiqnj uo aaqqimraoo aqq Xq pauioa -I3AV ajaAi. aaqqiraraoo-qns aouajajuoo aqq jo suoiq -sa33ns aqx ‘Sump si aaqqiuuuoo aqq quqAi Suiqaq sapiqjB jo ..saasn aojammoo jo JaqtuBqo,, aqq jo sansst aqq ui uoiqBoqqnd oq aAiqBjaj Xqtotiqnj uo aaqqiiutuoQ aqq qqiAi jajuoa oq aaqqimmoo-qns b pa -quioddB aaqqiuuuoo aqq ‘qi uodn paqiodaj suq aaq -qimraoo aqq ajojaq JaqqBiu JBinoiqJBd Xub uo 3ut -jBaq b uaAiS aq ‘qsm Xaqq ji ‘Xbui puB uoiqBJapis -uoo Japun SBq aaqqiuuuoo aqq sjaqqBui qBqAV Ai.ouq Xbui aaquiBqo aqq jo sjaqiuaui aqq quqq japjo ui Xqjoqqnd •jaqoqao ui Suiqaara jaqmBqo aqq qB aqoA aAisioap b Xq paqoafaj ajaAi. squarapuauiB aqx \iaquiBqo aqq Xq uotqoB aAiqoajja oq snojqsBSip aq piuoaa aSuuqo b qans qBqq uoiuido aqq jo sba*. eaqqtau.oo aqx ■diqsjaqraam jaquiBqo aqq ui jaAiod siqq paoBid puB ‘squamaAOJdrai oqqnd oq SuiqBiaj saaqqBiu uo uaq -tuBqo aqq joj qoB oq XquoqqnB aqq sjoqoajia 3qq uuojj uaqnq aABq ‘qoajja ui ‘pinoAi. qoiqM. SAVBj-Xq aqq oq squauipuatuB joj pauoiqtqad sbav jaquiBqo aqq ‘quaiuaAOJdini qaajqs Xjbav pasodojd aqq uo aaq -qimraoo siqq jo uoiqau aqq jo qinsaJ b sb XiaSJBq SMEq-Xg oq squauipuaiuy •qaajqs saptBqo japun uoiquqs aqq aqBOoi oq sapio -ap aq ji jauotssiraraoo aqq qjoddns oq pazijoqqnu sbaa eaqqjuuuoo aqx raoiqBqs aqq joj snqBJBddu SuiqBiiquaA puB aauBjqua XjBssaaau aqq paiBaouoo aq qqSirn qaiqM. ui qaajqs saqjBqo uo uouuuoo aqq oq aqu3 inquauiBUJO ub joj uStsap b paquas -ajd aaqqiuiuioo aqq qjodaj sqi qqiM •aaqqiuuiuoQ aqq puu Jauoissiiuiuoo aqq Xq eiqisuaj pajapisuoo uBjd b ‘uapJBO aqqnj aqq puB uouuuoo aqq uaaAiq -aq qaajqs sapiBqo japun uoiquqs aqq Suiqanjqsuoo jo joabj ui paqjodaj XqBug puB ‘uouuuoo aqq Jap -un qi Suiqonjqsuoa jo ‘uouuuoo aqq no uoiquqs aqq Suiqaaja oq uoiqisoddo snouas ooq aq pinoAi. ajaqq qnqq UaAaAioq ‘papiaap aaqqiuuuoo aqx 'PI J oj uoiq -Booi qsajBS aqq puu aiquiiBAB qsocu aqq qi pajapis -uoa au sb ‘uouuuoa uoisorr uo uoiquqs Suiduind aqq -OJd xuq aqq paj -moo BApBisiSai a jo joabj ui paquat aqq paAOJddB sjoq joj suoiqsa33ns qq aaqqiuuuoo quiof s aqq qqiAi. 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