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THE 
 
 KNAPSACK GUIDE 
 
 FOR TRAVELLFiRS 
 
 IN 
 
 TYROL 
 
 AND 
 
 THE EASTERN ALPS. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS AND PLANS. 
 
 LONDON; 
 
 JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 
 
 PARIS : A. & W. GALIGNANI & CO.; XAVIER. 
 FLORENCE: GOODBAN. MILAN: ARTARIA. TURIN: MAGGI. 
 VENICE : MUNSTER. ROME : SPITHOVER. 
 
 NAPLES: MRS. DORANT. 
 
 1867. 
 
 The right of Translation is reserved. 
 
THE ENGLISH EDITIONS OF MURRAY’S HANDBOOKS MAY BE OBTAINED OF THE 
 
 FOLLOWING AGENTS :— 
 
 Germany^ Holland, and Belgium. 
 
 AIX-LA. 1 
 
 CH APEI.LE f 
 AMSTERDAM 
 
 I. A.MAYER. 
 
 J, MULLER. —W. KIR- 
 
 BEKGER_VAN BAR¬ 
 
 KEN ESS. 
 
 ANTWERP 
 BADEN-BADEN 
 BERLIN . 
 BRUSSELS 
 
 CARLSRUHE . 
 COLOGNE . 
 DRESDEN . 
 
 MAX. KOUNICKER. 
 
 D. R. MARX. 
 
 A DUNCKER. 
 
 MUQUARDT. — KIESSLING 
 A CO. 
 
 A. BIELEFELD. 
 
 EISEN. 
 
 ARNOLD. 
 
 FRANKFURT 
 GRATZ 
 THE HAGUE 
 HAMBURG 
 
 C. .lUGEL. 
 
 DAMIAN A SORGE. 
 VAN STOCKUM. 
 PERTHES, BESSER A 
 MAUKE. 
 
 HEIDELBERG. MOHR. 
 
 KISSINGEN 
 LEIPZIG . 
 LUXEMBOURG 
 MANNHEIM 
 MAYENCE 
 MUNICH , 
 
 NURNBERG 
 
 PEST 
 
 PRAGUE . 
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 BUCK. 
 
 ARTARTA A FONTAINE. 
 VON ZABERN. 
 LITERARISCH - ARTISTI- 
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 CALVE. 
 
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 MUNSTER. 
 
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 BERN 
 COIRE 
 CONSTANCE 
 GENEVA . 
 
 LAUSANNE 
 
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 Switzerland. 
 
 H.GEORG.—H. AMBERGER. 
 
 GRUBENMANN. 
 
 MECK. 
 
 H. GEORG. — DESROGTS.— 
 CH ERBULIEZ.—MONROE. 
 MARTINIER A CHAVAN- 
 NES.~T ROUSSY. 
 
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 NEUCHATEL .GERSTER. 
 SCHAFFHAUSENHI’RTER. 
 
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 ZURICH , , H. FUSSLI A CO.—MEYER 
 
 A ZELLER. 
 
 H. F. LEUTHOLD, I’OST- 
 STRASSE. 
 
 BOLOGNA 
 
 FLORENCE 
 
 GENOA 
 
 LEGHORN 
 LUCCA 
 MANTUA . 
 MILAN 
 
 MODENA . 
 NAPLES . 
 
 PALERMO. 
 
 Italy. 
 
 M. RUSCONI. 
 
 GOODBAN. 
 
 GRANDONA A CO. — AN¬ 
 TOINE BEUF.-T.D. ROSSI. 
 MAZZA.IOLI. 
 
 F. BARON. 
 
 NEG BETTI. 
 
 PARMA 
 
 PISA . 
 
 PERUGIA 
 
 ROME 
 
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 TURIN 
 
 ARTARIA A SON.— 
 
 DUMOLARD FR^RES. 
 VINCENZI A ROSSI. 
 
 D El- K E N. —DU FRESNE.— 
 PEDONE. 
 
 PEDONE. 
 
 VENICE 
 
 VERONA 
 
 , J. ZANGHIERT. 
 
 . NISTRI.—JOS. VANNUCCHl . 
 . VINCENZ. BARTELLI. 
 
 . SPITHOVER.—PIALE. 
 
 . ONORATO PORRI. 
 
 . MAGGl.—GIANNINI. 
 
 FIORE.—MARIETTI. 
 BOCCA FRERES. 
 
 . HERMAN F. MUNSTER.— 
 MEINERS. 
 
 . H. F. MUNSTER. — MEI¬ 
 NERS. 
 
 France. 
 
 AMIENS . 
 
 • 
 
 CA RON. 
 
 MONTPELLIER 
 
 LEVALLE. 
 
 ANGERS , 
 
 • 
 
 BA BASSE'. 
 
 MULHOUSE 
 
 
 RISLER. 
 
 AVIGNON . 
 
 • 
 
 CLE'MENT ST. JUST. 
 
 NANCY , 
 
 • 
 
 GO NET. 
 
 AVRANCHES 
 
 • 
 
 AN FRAY. 
 
 NANTES . 
 
 • 
 
 GUE'RAUn — PETTTPAS.— 
 
 BAYONNE . 
 
 • 
 
 J A Y M EBON.—LASSERRE. 
 
 
 
 POIRIER LEGROS.—AN¬ 
 
 BORDEAUX 
 
 • 
 
 CHAUMAS. — MULLER. — 
 
 
 
 DRE'.— Mme. VLOORS. 
 
 
 
 SAUVAT.—FEKET. 
 
 NICE . 
 
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 VISCONTI.—GI BAUD.— 
 
 BOULOGNE 
 
 • 
 
 \V A r E L.—M E RR1D E W. 
 
 
 
 JOUGLA, 
 
 BREST 
 
 • 
 
 H EBER r. 
 
 ORLEANS , 
 
 • 
 
 G AT 1N E A U.—PESTY. 
 
 CAEN . 
 
 • 
 
 BOISARD.—LEGOST.—CLE- 
 
 PARIS 
 
 • 
 
 GALIGNANI.—XAVIER. 
 
 
 
 BISSE'. 
 
 PAU . 
 
 • 
 
 LAFON.—AUG. BASSY. 
 
 CALAIS 
 
 • 
 
 RIGACX CAUX. 
 
 PERPIGNAN 
 
 • 
 
 JULIA FRERES. 
 
 CHERBOURG 
 
 • 
 
 Mli.k. LECOUFFLET. 
 
 REIMS 
 
 
 BRISSART BINET_GEOF- 
 
 DIEPPE . 
 
 • 
 
 MARAIS. 
 
 
 
 FROY 
 
 DINANT . 
 
 • 
 
 cysTE 
 
 ROCHEFORT 
 
 • 
 
 BOUCARD. 
 
 DOUAI 
 
 • 
 
 J ACQUART.—LEMALE. 
 
 ROUEN 
 
 • 
 
 L E B R U M E NT.—H AU LARD. 
 
 DUNKERQUE 
 
 • 
 
 VANOENBUSSCHE. 
 
 SAUMUR . 
 
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 GAULTIER BRIE'RE. 
 
 GRENOBLE 
 
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 VEl.LOT ET COMP. 
 
 ST. ETIENNE 
 
 • 
 
 DELARUE. 
 
 HAVRE 
 
 • 
 
 COCI1A R D. -BOURDIGNON. 
 
 ST. MALO . 
 
 • 
 
 HUE. 
 
 
 
 — FOUCH ER.— Mmb. BUYS. 
 
 ST. QUENTIN 
 
 • 
 
 DOLOY. 
 
 LILLE 
 
 • 
 
 BK'GHIN. 
 
 STRASBOURG 
 
 • 
 
 TREUTTEL ET WURTZ — 
 
 LYONS . 
 
 • 
 
 AYNE' FILS. — SCHEUR- 
 
 
 
 GRUCKER. 
 
 
 
 ING.—ME'RA. 
 
 TOULON . 
 
 • 
 
 MONGE ET VILLAMUS. 
 
 MARSEILLES 
 
 • 
 
 CAMolN FRERES.—LE 
 
 TOULOUSE 
 
 • 
 
 GIMET a COTELLE. 
 
 
 
 MEUNIER. 
 
 TOURS 
 
 • 
 
 GEORGET. 
 
 METZ . 
 
 • 
 
 WARION. 
 
 TROYES , 
 
 • 
 
 LALOY.—DUFBY ROBERT. 
 
o 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 Vr 
 
 COp.K 
 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 01 
 
 or 
 
 The Knapsack Guide for Tyrol and the Eastern Alps is 
 another volume of the series of cheaper and more portable Guides 
 to the Continent. Though based upon those portions of the 
 Handbook for S. Germany which are concerned with the above- 
 named Alpine region, it is a new work, for the most part derived 
 from personal knowledge of the country described. Much nev/ 
 matter, and several routes, especially with respect to the districts 
 S. of the Central (diain of Alps, appear for the first time. 
 
 The new material which has within the last three vears become 
 available, in the publications either of the Vienna Alpine Club, 
 that of London, or from other sources, has, so far as possible, been 
 drawn upon. A few botanical notices have been inserted, which 
 may perhaps be enlarged at some future period. The numbering 
 of the Routes in the Handbook has (with two exceptions) been 
 retained for convenience of reference to the fuller information 
 on historical or archasological matters contained in that work, 
 which it has been impossible to give in a volume of so limited 
 a size. 
 
 The aim has been to make the book as practical as may be, 
 and at the same time to convey to the traveller, generally pressed 
 for time, in the fewest words, all desii-able information. Pains 
 have been taken to secure correctness in the notices of Inns, and 
 of the means of locomotion, and to bring them down to the latest 
 information. 
 
 Special Maps of three districts to which the attention of the 
 travelling public has been recently di-awm, are inserted, as well 
 as two Route Maps, which, b}’- numliers affixed corresponding to 
 the routes, furnish an index to the contents of the volume. The 
 few pictorial illustrations relate to some of the most remarkable 
 mountain forms occurring in the district. 
 
 Corrections of errors and notices of omissions wdll be 
 thankfully received by the publisher. 
 
CONTENTS.- 
 
 INTEODUCTORY INFORMATION. 
 
 COL, 
 
 Sketch of the Eastern Alps . . xvii 
 
 a. Passports.xxiii 
 
 b. Customs.xxiv 
 
 c. Money . .. xxv 
 
 d. Measures.xxvi 
 
 e. Distances.xxvi 
 
 /. Railways.xxvi 
 
 g. Roads.xxvii 
 
 h. Eilwagen, or Mail-coaches, 
 
 Separat-Wagen, &c. . xxix, xxx 
 
 COL. 
 
 i. Posting. Laufzettel, &c. . . . xxxi 
 
 j. Horses and Mules .... xxxii 
 
 k. Guides.xxxiil 
 
 k Inns.xxxiii 
 
 m. General Hints.xxxiv 
 
 n. Health.xxxvi 
 
 o Maps.xxxvil 
 
 Alpine Vocabulary.xxxviii 
 
 *** I'he names of many places are necessarily repeated in several Routes; but to 
 facilitate reference, they are printed in Italics only in those Routes under 
 which they are more particularly described. 
 
 ROUTE COL. 
 
 176 Augsburg to Lindau, on 
 
 Lake of Constance, by 
 Kempten (Rail) ... 5 
 
 176A Lindau to Innsbruck, by 
 
 Iminenstadt and Reutte . 10 
 
 177 Augsburg to Innsbruck, 
 
 by Fitssen .13 
 
 185 Munich to Salzburg, by 
 Rosenheim and the Chiem 
 See (Rail;.18 
 
 185 A Munich to Berchtesgaden 
 
 and Salzburg, by Traun- 
 stein and Reichenhall. . 21 
 
 186 Munich to Inn.sbruck, by 
 
 Lake of Starnberg and 
 PaHenkirchen .... 24 
 
 187 Munich to Innsbruck, 
 
 by Benedietbeuern and 
 Lakes of Kochel and 
 Walchen .28 
 
 188 Munich to Innsbruck, by 
 
 Tegern See, Baths of 
 Kreuth, and the Achen 
 
 See .30 
 
 188a Munich to Innsbruck, by 
 Miesbach, the Schlier See, 
 and Kufstein • • • . 35 
 
 ROUTE COL. 
 
 I88b Munich to Innsbruck 
 (Rail), by Rosenheim and 
 
 Kufstein .38 
 
 195 Salzburg to Linz and 
 
 Vienna.47 
 
 199 Salzburg to Berchtesgaden 
 
 and the Kdnigssee . . 61 
 
 199A Berchtesgaden to Bad 
 Gastein, by the Steinerne 
 Meer and Saalfelden . . 69 
 
 200 Salzburg to Bad Gastein, 
 
 by Hallein and Wei fen . 71 
 
 201 Bad Gastein to Ober- 
 
 Vellach by the Pass of 
 Malnitz .84 
 
 202 Bad Gastein to Salzburg, 
 
 by Zell am See and the 
 Mitter Pinzgau ... 88 
 
 203 The Salzkammergut; Linz 
 
 (or Lambach) to Lschl 
 and Aussee, by the Falls 
 of the Traun, and the 
 Lakes of Gmunden and 
 Hallstatt .92 
 
 204 The Lake of Hallstatt to 
 
 Golling and Salzburg, 
 by Gosau and Abtenau . 105 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 si 
 
 9 • 
 
 sn 
 
 EODTE COL. 
 
 211 Feldkirch to Coire, by the 
 
 Luziensteig . . . ■ . .127 
 
 212 Bregenz, on the Lake of 
 
 Constance, to Innsbruck 
 by the Arlberg , . .129 
 
 212 A Bregenz to Keutte, by 
 
 the Bregenzer Wald and 
 Lech Thai .... 144 
 
 213 Innsbruck to Landeck, 
 
 Meian, and Botzen, by 
 the Finsterrnunz Pass . 151 
 
 214 Milan to Innsbruck by the 
 
 Pass of the Stelvio (Stilf- 
 
 ser Joch).164 
 
 214A Bormio to Male, in Val 
 
 di Sole.183 
 
 215 The Octz Thai, Pitz Thai, 
 
 and Kauris Thai. Inns¬ 
 bruck to Meran, by the 
 Tirnhler Joch ; or by the 
 Fender Thai and Koch 
 Joch or Nicder Joch . .189 
 
 215 A The Stuhay Thai. Inns¬ 
 
 bruck to the Oetzthal . 208 
 
 216 Meran to Sterzing, by the 
 
 Passeyr Thai and Pass 
 0^ Jaufen . . . .218 
 
 216A Botzen to Sterzing or the 
 Passeyrthal, by the/S'am 
 Thai . . 222 
 
 217 Innsbi'uck to Verona, by 
 
 the Brenner Pass, Bot¬ 
 zen, and Trent. . . .225 
 
 218 Roveredo to Riva and 
 
 Peschiera, by the Lago 
 di Garda .248 
 
 219 Trent to Riva, on the Lago 
 
 di Garda.253 
 
 220 Trent to Edolo, by the 
 
 Valleys of Non and Sole 
 and Pass of Monte Tonale 25 6 
 220A Meran or Botzen to 
 Brescia, by Val Rendena 
 and the Giudicaria . .265 
 
 221 Trent to Cortina d’Am¬ 
 
 pezzo, by the Fleimser 
 Thai, Val Fossa, the 
 Fedaia Pass, Caprile, 
 
 I and Pass of Gusella . .280 
 
 BOUTE 
 
 COL. 
 
 222 Trent to Venice, by Val 
 
 Siigana . 
 
 222A Primolano, in Val Su- 
 gana, to Cortina d’Am¬ 
 pezzo, by Primiero, 
 Agordo, and Caprile . . 
 
 223 Brixen to Villach, by the 
 
 Puster Thai .... 
 2 23A The Gail Thai, from 
 Silian, in the Puster Thai, 
 to Villach on the Drave ; 
 also Pass of Sta. Croce . 
 
 224 Brunecken, in Pusterthal, 
 
 to Heiligenblut, by An- 
 tholz, the Valley of Te~ 
 fereggen, and the Kaiser 
 
 Thai . 
 
 224A Windisch Matrei to Bru¬ 
 necken, by Pregraten and 
 
 St. Jacob . 
 
 224B St. Jacob to Heiligengeist, 
 by the Ochsenleute Tauern 
 
 225 Brunecken to Zell, in the 
 
 Ziller Thai, by Valley of 
 Taufers and the Kr-irnler 
 Tauern . 
 
 225 A Heiligengeist, in the 
 
 Ahren Thai, to Windisch 
 Matrei, in the Isel 'I'hal 
 
 226 Lienz, in the Pusterthal, 
 
 to Mittersill, in the Pinz- 
 gau, by Windisch Matrei 
 and the Velber Tauern . 
 
 227 Brunecken, through the 
 
 Gader Thai (Enneberg), 
 to Cortina d’Ampezzo; 
 or by the Groden Thai, 
 to Botzen. 
 
 228 Innsbruck to Venice, by 
 
 Brunecken and Pass of 
 
 Ampezzo . 
 
 228a Innichen, in Pusterthal, 
 to Pieve di Cadore, by 
 the Sexten Thai . . . 
 
 229 Salzburg to Innsbruck . . 
 
 229A (234 in * 9 . Germ. Hand¬ 
 book) Wdrgl, in Inn Thai, 
 to Gasteiu, by Kitzbuhl 
 
 o and Mittersill .... 
 
 294 
 
 301 
 
 310 
 
 320 
 
 324 
 
 331 
 
 333 
 
 335 
 
 341 
 
 343 
 
 346 
 
 357 
 
 369 
 
 374 
 
 380 
 
XIU 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 XIV 
 
 EOCTB COL. 
 
 230 Innsbruck to Gastein or 
 
 Salzburg, by the Ziller 
 Thai, the Gerlos Fass, 
 and the Pinzgau . . .382 
 
 231 Sondrio, in the Valtelline, 
 
 to Brescia, by the Pass 
 of Aprica, Val Camonica, 
 and Lago Iseo .... 400 
 231 A Brescia to Riva, by Lago 
 
 Tldro .404 
 
 232 Roveredo to Vicenza, by 
 
 the Valle del Signori and 
 Schio, with Excursions 
 to the Sette Comuni 
 and Baths of Recoaro . 408 
 232 A Vicenza to Schio, by the 
 
 Baths of Pecoaro . .414 
 
 233 Schio to Belluno, by Bas- 
 
 s&no ojidL Feltre . . .417 
 
 240 Salzburg to Gratz, by 
 
 Ischl, Aussee, Leoben, 
 and Bruck, on the Mur . 429 
 
 241 Lietzen to the Monastery 
 
 of Admont and to Eisern- 
 erz, by the Pass Gesduse 438 
 
 242 Linz to Gratz, by Steyer 
 
 and Eisernerz . < . , 440 
 
 243 Salzburg to Laibach, by the 
 
 Radstadter Tauern and 
 
 Klagenfurt .446 
 
 243 A Klagenfurt to Krainburg, 
 by Kappel; or to Cili, 
 by the Caldron of the 
 Steiner Alp . . , .467 
 
 Index 
 
 BOUTS COL. 
 
 244 Lienz, in the Pusterthal, 
 
 through the Mblthal, 
 to Heiligenhlut and the 
 Gross Glockner, and over 
 the Rauriser Tauern to 
 Bad Gastein .... 472 
 
 245 Vienna to ALariazell and 
 
 Bruck on the Mur . .490 
 
 246 Mariazell to Eisenerz, by 
 
 Wildalpen . 499 
 
 247 Vienna to Gratz (Rly.), 
 
 over the Semmering , .506 
 
 248 Gratz to Laibach and 
 
 Trieste (Rly.)j with Ex¬ 
 cursions to the Quick- 
 silver-mines of Idria, the 
 Lake of Zirknitz, and 
 the Caves of Adelsberg 
 and Planina . . . . 538 
 
 250 Vienna to Venice, by 
 
 Judenberg, Klagenfurt, 
 Pontebba, Udine, and 
 Treviso.570 
 
 251 Villach to Laibach, through 
 
 the Valley of the Save. 
 Excursions to Lake of 
 Veldes and the Terglou . 5 90 
 
 253 Gratz to Klagenfurt, by 
 
 Marburg, and Excursion 
 up the Lavantthal , .599 
 
 254 Trieste to Villach, by 
 
 Gbrz, the Valley of the 
 Lsonzo, and the Predil 
 Pass .603 
 
 611 
 
MAPS, PLANS, AND CONIODB SKETCHES 
 
 OF MOUNTAINS. 
 
 Map —Orteler Spitze and Adamello .. 
 
 Plan —Salzburg .. .. .. 
 
 Berclitesgaden and the Watzmann 
 The Traunstein, Dachstein, &c., from near Linz 
 Plan —Innsbruck 
 
 The Orteler Spitze, from the Vintschgau 
 Bocca di Brenta 
 
 Rosengarten, from Sasso di Damm 
 Marmolata, from Sasso di Damm 
 Monte Civita, from above Caprile 
 Cima Cimedo, near Primiero .. 
 
 Langkofel, from St. Peter’s, below St. Ulrich 
 Gross Venediger and the Sulzbach Valleys, from a po 
 aid •• •• •• at 
 
 Map —Caldron of the Steiner Alp * .. 
 
 The Gross Glockner and Heiligeublut 
 Plan —Grotto of Adelsberg .. 
 
 Map —Marmolata District and Region of Dolomite Mountains at the end. 
 
 COL, 
 
 to face Title, 
 
 47 
 
 a. 63, 64 
 
 .. a. 93 
 
 139,140 
 .. I 57 » 158 
 
 273,274 
 .. 285, 286 
 
 a. 289, 290 
 
 a. 291, 292 
 
 a. 305*306 
 
 •• •• 355 
 
 nt N. of 
 
 •• 393* 394 
 
 to face 542 
 a a 477*478 
 .. 555*556 
 
 ERRATA AND ADDITIONS. 
 
 At col. 308, 5 th line, after to Belluno, insert — 
 
 [A grand ravine W. leads in 12 m. to Forno [Inn) in Val di Zoldo, 
 Rte. 222A. From Forno a pleasant path leads by Cibiana to Cadore.] 
 
 Col. 540, Kanisza should be Kanizsa. 
 
SKETCH OP THE EASTEEN ALPS. 
 
 S'^iTZEELAXi) and Tyrol occupy the 
 central portion of the great Alpine 
 zone which stretches from the shores 
 of the Mediterranean at Nice on the 
 W. to nearly the borders of Hun¬ 
 gary and the neighbourhood of Vienna 
 on the E. The routes of the present 
 volume take up those of the Swiss 
 Knapsack Guide on the Tyrolese 
 frontier, and are continued, east¬ 
 ward, through all the remaining re- 
 gion of the Alps, and the several 
 provinces of Tyrol, Salzburg, Aus¬ 
 tria proper, Styria, Carinthia, and 
 Carniola, so far as they are Alpine 
 ill character. A portion of the 
 Italian territory is included, since 
 this also belongs to the same moun¬ 
 tain tract, or forms an approach 
 to it; and, for the same reason, to 
 the districts of Bavaria adjoining 
 Tyrol on the N. several routes are 
 assigned. 
 
 With the exception of the Bava¬ 
 rian Alps and those now comprised 
 in the kingdom of Italy, the whole 
 Alpine region here described belongs 
 to the Austrian empire. 
 
 Although the mountains of this 
 vast area pass under the general 
 name of Alps, it is not to be sup¬ 
 posed that, any more than in France 
 or Switzerland, they form one con¬ 
 tinuous chain. They consist rather 
 of a series of groups, the structure 
 and relations of which it is the pro¬ 
 vince of the geologist, and beyond 
 the purpose of the present work, to 
 
 describe.* It may be desirable, 
 however, to enumerate some of the 
 leading designations, and to give a 
 general notion of the composition of 
 this mountain land, which may help 
 the traveller in his selection of the 
 routes which follow. 
 
 Forming a great arch that, com¬ 
 mencing in Switzerland, stretches 
 from S.W. to N.E. through Tyrol, 
 are tlie Eiihltian Alps. Of these 
 the loftiest and noblest portion, the 
 Bernina group, is within the Swiss 
 frontier, but closely adjoining this, 
 on the Tyrol side, is its rival the 
 Orteler group, of which the noted 
 Orteler Spitze is at once the principal 
 peak and the highest mountain in 
 Tyrol. 
 
 The Oetzthdl Alps, a vast mass 
 of snow and glacier, of which the 
 culminating point is the Wild Spitze, 
 follow eastward, and with them is 
 connected the snowy group of the 
 Stubay Thai, abutting on the line of 
 the Brenner pass. Beyond this 
 again, the ice-clad chain still stretches 
 eastward as the Zillerthal group 
 (a designation adopted for want of a 
 better), till at the Krimler Tauern, 
 sometimes giving name to this por¬ 
 tion of it, the Rhaetian range is 
 usually considered to end, 
 
 * A general idea of the geological ar¬ 
 rangement of the Alps may be obtained 
 from the recent work of M. E. Desor, 
 
 ‘ Der Gebirgsbau der Alpen/ 150 pp. 8vo, 
 Wiesbaden, 1865. 
 
XIX 
 
 SKETCH of the EASTERN ALPS. 
 
 XX 
 
 But the great central snowy chain 
 does not end with the name. Under 
 the title of the Noric Alps, be¬ 
 ginning at the Krimler pass, and 
 with the grand Venediger Spitze, it 
 continues the same general course, 
 forming now the frontier between 
 Tyrol and Salzburg, till in the noble 
 Gross Glockner, just within the bor¬ 
 ders of Carinthia, the Noric range 
 reaches its greatest elevation.* Be¬ 
 yond this it extends with subsiding 
 masses along the north boundary of 
 Carinthia into Styria. 
 
 To this great range, or arch of 
 mountains, is confined, with one ex¬ 
 ception presently to be named, the 
 region of ice and snow so character¬ 
 istic of the Swiss and Western Alps. 
 It nowhere equals in elevation the 
 highest of these, but in several por¬ 
 tions may well compare with them 
 in extent of surface and beauty of 
 form. Rtes. 214 to 215A, 217, 220, 
 224 to 226, 230, 243, and 244, 
 refer to this backbone of the country. 
 
 North of this immense barrier 
 stretch three great valleys. The 
 first and longest is that of the Inn, 
 commencing, like the range itself, in 
 Switzerland, and draining the north¬ 
 ern flank of the Rhaetian Alps all 
 through Tyrol. Holding a similar re¬ 
 lation to the Noric Alps, is the Valley 
 of the Salzach, the stream of which 
 flows through Salzburg; and fur¬ 
 ther to the E. the Valley of the 
 Enns lies similarly on the northern 
 side of the Styrian portion of the 
 chain. 
 
 These three valleys all run for a 
 considerable distance parallel with 
 the high snowy chain, and separate 
 it from a series of less lofty, but ex¬ 
 ceedingly picturesque, mountains on 
 the K., which, naming them from 
 W. to E., are, first, those of the 
 
 * The honour of being the loftiest snow- 
 peak in the Austrian dominions is now 
 yielded to the Orteler. 
 
 Vorarlberg, abutting on the Lake of 
 Constance; next, the Bavarian Alps ; 
 then those of Salzburg; and, lastly, 
 those of that part of upper Austria 
 known as the Salzkammergut, and 
 which are the most channing of all. 
 These mountain ranges form the 
 outworks of the Eastern Alps to¬ 
 wards the German plains; through 
 them the three rivers—the Inn, the 
 Salzach, and the Enns—find their 
 exit; through them lie all the ap¬ 
 proaches from the N. to the sublime 
 scenery of the high chain, and 
 through them therefore an ample 
 number of routes—176 to 189, 199 
 to 205, 230, 240 to 243, and 245 
 to 247—are here given for the tra¬ 
 veller’s service. 
 
 South of the great chain lies a 
 country equal for the most part in 
 pictui-esqueness, and even exceeding 
 in interest, that just referred to on 
 the N. It is here that the delight¬ 
 ful elements of Italian scenery begin 
 to show themselves. 
 
 Commencing the enumeration 
 again on the western side, there will 
 be found, S. of the Rhjstian range, 
 a complicated and most diversified 
 mountain district, which may be 
 termed, rather loosely, the Lombard 
 Alps, lying between the well-known 
 Italian Lakes W. and the strongly- 
 marked Valley of the Adige E. 
 Among these occurs the above- 
 mentioned exceptional snowy range 
 in the Adamello group, directly S. of 
 that of the Orteler, and rivalling it 
 in beauty. The Tyi’ol frontier passes 
 through this group, which, with the 
 rest of the Lombard Alps, has been 
 little explored. Several routes, how¬ 
 ever—214 and 214 A, 218 to 2 20 A, 
 231 and 231 A —conduct the traveller 
 through or along the borders of this 
 romantic tract of country. 
 
 Proceeding eastward across the 
 deep Valley of the Adige, we next 
 find the Dolomite Mountains, 
 
xxi CARNIC—JULIAN—KABA WANKAS ALFS. 
 
 nearly 4000 square miles in extent, 
 the marvel and the glory of South 
 Tyrol; these are more particulaily 
 referred to in the special introduction 
 to that couniiy, and to them Rtes 
 'll’], 111 to 223, 227 to 228 a, and 
 223, more or less apply. 
 
 More eastward still, come the 
 Carnic Alps, which, though some¬ 
 what inferior in beauty to those 
 hitherto named, offer some interest¬ 
 ing points, and contain some fine 
 isolated masses of dolomite. The 
 Carnic Range forms part of the S. 
 frontier of Carinthia, and ciides 
 round the Venetian province of 
 Friuli. Rtes. 223, 250, and 251 re¬ 
 fer to them. 
 
 Stretching down towards Trieste 
 from the eastern corner of the Cai iiic 
 chain, appear the Julian Alps, their 
 highest summit the Terglou. They 
 are remarkable for desolate severitv, 
 but contain some valleys of rare 
 beautv. 'I’hese have brought us to 
 Carniola, and Rtes. 248, 250, and 
 
 254. 
 
 Separating that province from 
 Carinthia on the N. is the last 
 Alpine range to be mentioned, the 
 Karawankas Alps, hitiierto the 
 least known of any, of no great height, 
 blit enclosing much secluded and de¬ 
 lightful sceneiy ; details sufficient for 
 their exploration will be found in 
 Rtes. 243 and 243A. 
 
 The great valleys on the S. of the 
 main chain are, first (on the W.), 
 that of the Adda or the Valtelline, 
 issuing upon the Lake* of Como ; se¬ 
 cond, that of the Adige, which has 
 always proved the chief avenue of 
 access from the S.; third, that of 
 the Piave, opening N. of Venice; 
 fourth, the Isonzo, N. of Trieste; 
 and fifth, the Save above Laibach, 
 'i'hese all penetiate the mountain- 
 land more or less at right angles, 
 and form easy means of approach. 
 
 ' Two other valleys lying alongside 
 
 the great chain on the S., and thus 
 answering moreexactlv to the north- 
 ern valleys, are the Fu&terthal, 
 through which fiows the Hienz west¬ 
 ward, eventually reaching the Adige ; 
 and the great and noble valley of the 
 Drave, which puisues a long course 
 eastward to the Danube. 
 
 The comparative merits, in a 
 tourist sense, of the different Pro- 
 vinces to which the Guide-book le- 
 fers, can be judged of in some degree 
 from the foregoing brief description. 
 
 It will be seen that the highest 
 interest centres in Tgrol. It is 
 largest in extent; the loftiest sum- 
 utits are within or close upon its 
 borders; it includes the greatest va¬ 
 riety of scenery, in snow-clad Alps, 
 in forest tracts, in populous x’^alleys, 
 in the fantastic foims of dolomite, 
 in the richness of Italian vegetation. 
 To Tyrol, therefore, the greatest 
 number of routes is allotted. 
 
 Salzburg, and the adjoining dis¬ 
 trict belonging to Austria proper, 
 called the Salzkammergut, come next 
 in order for a picturesque beauty 
 unrivalled of its kind. 
 
 Styria and GarinSiia contain a 
 vast amount of intricate woodland 
 as well as mountain scenery, and the 
 latter is especially rich in feudal re¬ 
 mains. Carniola is for the most 
 part arid and severe, but its moun¬ 
 tain portion possesses many curious 
 features and a few charming spots. 
 
 Bavaria forms in its mountain 
 districts an agreeable introduction 
 to all these Aljiine lands, and is 
 espec;ially favoured in its lakes. 
 
 The best starting points for Tyrol 
 and the Eastern Alps are—on the N., 
 Augsburg, Munich, Salzburg, Linz, 
 and Vienna, with all which express 
 trains from Paris and Cologne afford 
 rapid communication ; on the S., 
 Milan, Bre.scia, Veiona, A^enice, and 
 Trieste, all connected by a line of 
 rail. The chief inlets on the W. are 
 
genehal infobmation. 
 
 • • • 
 
 xxni 
 
 xxiv 
 
 from Switzerland by the Lake of 
 Constance, the Engadine, and the 
 Valtelline; and Bregenz, Coire, or 
 Chiavenna, the latter serving equally 
 for the Engadine or Valtelline, may 
 
 be made points of departure. On 
 the E. the piincipal stations on the 
 Vienna and Trieste Hly. give ready 
 access, especially Bruck, Gratz, Mar¬ 
 burg, and Laibach. 
 
 GENEKAL INFOEMATION. 
 
 a. Passports.— h. Customs.— c. Money.— d. Measures.— e. Distances.— 
 /.Railways.— g. Roads.— h. Eilwagen: Separat-Wagen.— i. Posting.— 
 
 j. Horses.— k. Guides.— I, Inns. 
 
 0. Maps. 
 
 a. Passports. —Although no pass¬ 
 port is now required for any part of 
 Central Europe, it is still desirable to 
 be furnished with one as a means ot 
 identification, a protection in case ot 
 a police difficulty, and a facility in 
 dealing with public establishments, 
 post-offices, &c. A Foreign-office 
 passport, which is good for life, is 
 the best to travel with ; and this, 
 with all necessary information, can 
 l>e readily obtained through Lee and 
 Carter, 440, Strand; Dorrell and Son, 
 15, Charing Cross; or any of the 
 passport agents. They will require to 
 be furnished with a letter of recom¬ 
 mendation, naming in full each male 
 member of the party, from either a 
 Member of Parliament, a banker, 
 magistrate, clergyman, solicitor, or 
 surgeon — printed instructions for 
 which either Messrs. Lee and Carter 
 or Messrs. Dorrell and Son supply 
 upon application; and they will 
 return the passport, conveniently 
 bound in leather, in 2 or 3 days. 
 The practical advantage derived by 
 the traveller fiom the abolition of 
 the passport system consists in the 
 fact that a “ visa ” for each journey is 
 
 -m. General Hints,— n. Health.— 
 
 no longer necessary,—not even for 
 Austria, except in times of political 
 disturbance — so that, the passport 
 once obtained, there is no further 
 trouble, delay, or expense to be in¬ 
 curred. 
 
 6. Customs. —Alternate black and 
 yellow stripes on a post, a toll-bar, 
 or custom-house door mark the 
 frontier of Austria (as blue and 
 white that of Bavaria); also the 
 letters K. K. (Kaiserlich-Koniglich), 
 Imperial and Royal. The Austrian 
 douaniers are generally remarkably 
 civil; and if there be no cause for 
 suspicion, examination of baggage 
 is usually very slight. The tra¬ 
 veller should respond in civility, 
 and carefully avoid infringing the 
 regulations. Tobacco, l)eing an Im¬ 
 perial monopoly, is sti ictly excluded, 
 though a small quantity of it, under 
 5 lbs., as also of snuff, cigars, or tea, 
 may be passed on payment of duty. 
 In larger quantity these articles, 
 together with almanac.s, playing- 
 cards, and sealed letters, are abso¬ 
 lutely prohibited. When there is a 
 crowd to be served, it is often worth 
 
XXV 
 
 MONEY—MEASURES—RAIL WA YS. 
 
 xxvi 
 
 while to fee the douaniers with a 
 gulden or 2 frs.—never the passport 
 officials, though a porter, if em¬ 
 ployed, may expect a few kreutzers. 
 
 c. Money. —The money of Austria 
 is in florins and kreutzers—100 kr. 
 to I fl., and the latter is nominally 
 worth 2S. English; most transac¬ 
 tions, however, are in paper, which 
 fluctuates considerably in its rate. 
 Bank notes ai-e current from i fl. 
 to 1000 fl., and descend as low as 
 10 kr., which are sometimes torn 
 in halves and quarters; coins of 
 10 ki*. are, however, now generally 
 in use. Those marked 6 belong to 
 an old coinage, and are equal in 
 value to the present lo-kr. pieces. 
 The notes are very portable, and 
 should be obtained at the first towns 
 on the route, ot the regular agents 
 named in the letter of credit. Ex¬ 
 change has of late years been in 
 favour of the tiaveller, so that the 
 10/. circular-note has sometimes ob¬ 
 tained II2 or II4 fl.; but this is a 
 variable matter. 
 
 In the Venetian territory the cur¬ 
 rency is in franchi and centissimi, 
 as in France and other parts of Italy. 
 For these provinces a stock of na¬ 
 poleons is the best money to be pro¬ 
 vided with. 
 
 Bavai'ia also reckons in florins and 
 kreutzers, but they are of a different 
 value—60 kr. to the florin, and this 
 worth but IS. bgc/. Eng., all in 
 coinage. 
 
 Circular notes for lol. and up¬ 
 wards can be obtained at almost all the 
 London banks. By preserving the 
 letter accompanying the notes, the 
 value ot the latter can be recovered, 
 if lost. The accredited agents are 
 usually to be relied on for giving a 
 fair rate of exchange, but not always 
 south of the Alps—Trent, for in¬ 
 stance. Fiench gold is there more 
 advantageous. 
 
 a. Measures. 
 Austrian. 
 
 I Vienna foot . , 
 
 I Klafter . . . 
 
 I Austrian mile 
 I Austrian post 
 (2 Aust. miles) 
 
 I Vienna pound 
 An Austrian 
 
 English. 
 
 I foot 5^ lines. 
 
 } 
 
 6 ft. 2 in. 8 lines. 
 
 4 m. 5 fur. 157 yds. 
 
 9 m. I fur. 91 yds. 
 I lb j| oz. 
 
 — - mile may be approx¬ 
 
 imately reckoned at qf Eng. m. The 
 German mile is a little less—say 4§. 
 
 Italian. English. 
 
 I Italian mile . . i m. i fur. 45 yds. 
 
 I Italian post 1 
 
 (8 Ital. m.) j . 9 m. I fur. 142 yds. 
 
 In calculating heights of moun¬ 
 tains from foreign maps add if the 
 figures be given in Vienna feet, and 
 -jb if in Paris feet: in dealing with 
 mfetres, multiply by 3, and to the 
 product add a 12th and an 8th of 
 that I2th. 
 
 e. Distances.— Throughout this 
 
 work all distances have, as much as 
 possible, been reduced to Eng. miles, 
 as affording the best guide to the tra¬ 
 veller in his calculations. Small 
 intermediate distances are, however, 
 only approximate; their principal 
 use is to indicate the relative dis-» 
 tances of noticeable points, and save 
 constant reference to the map. 
 Over mountain passes the estimation 
 is difficult, and hours are either sub¬ 
 stituted or added ; these are gene¬ 
 rally given according to the reckon¬ 
 ing of the inhabitants, and answer 
 ;o from 2^ to 3 m. per hour. 
 
 /. Railways. —As already stated, 
 rly. lines are carried along three 
 sides of the gi-eat quadrangle in¬ 
 cluded in the tours : 
 
 N. from Augsburg to Vienna, ' 
 
 S. from Milan to Venice and 
 Trieste. 
 
 E. from Vienna to Trieste. 
 
 The W. side is bounded in part by 
 rly. lines from Zurich and Bregenzj- 
 
xxvii GENETIAL JNFOBMATION. xxviii 
 
 as far as Coire, at foot of the Spliigen 
 Pass, over which there is a line of 
 well-appointed diligences to Chia- 
 venna and Colico, on the Lake of 
 Como. 
 
 Besides these, there are— from 
 ihe N. the 3 or 4 short lines parti- 
 ctdarised in the Introd. to Bavaria, 
 which lead to the foot of the 
 Bavai ian Highlands that from 
 Bosenheim (between Munich and 
 Salzburg) to Innsbruck, which lands 
 tlie traveller in the capital of Tyrol; 
 and further on, that fi om Lambach to 
 Gmunden, penetrating the Salzkam- 
 mergut. From ihe E., 1st, a shoi t line 
 ends from Gratz to KoHach, which, 
 n connection with a stelhvagen 
 3 times a week, communicates with 
 Wolfsberg, in ti:e Lavantthal, in N. 
 Carinthia. 2nd, lower down, from 
 Marburg, a line up the valley 
 of the Di’ave to Klagenfurt, capital 
 of Carinthia, and on to Villach, 
 whence a further extension to I.ienz, 
 in Tyrol, and then by the Pusterthal 
 to Brixen, is contemplated, which 
 will lay open the entire S. flank of 
 the Noric Alps. 
 
 From the S. is, ist, the short line 
 from Milan to Como; and 2nd, the 
 very important one from Verona up 
 the valley of the Adige, at present 
 open as far as Botzen, but being 
 rapidly pushed up over the Brenner 
 to Innsbruck, thus completing a rly. 
 route which will intersect the country 
 from N. to S. 
 
 Austrian rly. carriages are gene¬ 
 rally comfortable; non-smoking car¬ 
 riages are attached to most trains. 
 40 lbs. of luggage arc allowed fiee ; 
 overplus moderately charged. Re¬ 
 freshments are not to be had at every 
 station; but at intervals of 4 or 5 
 hrs. a good restauiant is found, and 
 a stoppage allowed of 10 or 15 min. 
 
 g. Roads. —The Austrian post¬ 
 roads are generally excellent; and the 
 
 country communes are rapidly super¬ 
 seding the ancient mule-tracks by 
 fair roads in all the valleys. This 
 process is so general that when in the 
 following routes a mule-track only 
 is indicated, the traveller had better 
 satisfy himself by inquiry whether 
 it still be so. The main Alpine roads 
 —those which cross the great bar- 
 l ier from N. to S.—cannot, with one 
 exception, compare in grandeur with 
 those of Switzerland, such as the 
 Simplon or the Spliigen. That ex- 
 cei>tion is the Stelvio (9177 ft.), the 
 most w'estern of the Austi ian road- 
 passes, and perhaps the most wonder¬ 
 ful in the Alps. Unfortunately, 
 since the cession of Lombardy, it is no 
 longer kept in good repair, or traversed 
 by a public vehicle. The next to it 
 on the E. crosses from Landeck, by 
 Finstei miinz, to Meran, over the Re- 
 schen Scheideck (45 95 ft.), so gradual 
 in ascent as scarcely to assume the 
 character of a pass at all. Then comes 
 Ihe Brenner (4587 ft.), an ancient, 
 good, and most useful road—not par¬ 
 ticularly remarkable for scenery, but 
 connecting two magnificent distiicts, 
 the valley of the Inn with that of 
 the Adige. This, as has been stated, 
 will soon be superseded by a rly. 
 No other road for vehicles exists 
 over the main chain eastward till it 
 has subsided into the comparatively 
 low ranges beyond the Gioss Glock- 
 ner, in Caiinthia and Styi ia. The 
 first that occurs is one from Salz¬ 
 burg to Villach, by the Radstadter 
 Tavern (5 702 ft.), which, picturesque 
 on either side, is monotonous on the 
 pass itself; this is traversed by a dil. 
 3 times a week. The next is one over 
 the Rottenmanner Tavern (5861 
 ft.), which connects the valley of the 
 Enns with that of the Mur, both in 
 Styria, and afterwards ci osses a sub¬ 
 sidiary range into Carinthia; 40 m. 
 of this, not of much interest, is 
 served only by country cars, A 
 
xxix 
 
 XXX 
 
 -B0AB8, ElLWAGEN,&c. 
 
 second of the same name is more 
 important, though much lower (2 775 
 ft.); continuing up the valley from 
 Kottenmann S.K., it crosses over to 
 Leoben, in the Mur Thai; this is a 
 daily dil. route. 
 
 So far for the main chain ; but S. 
 of this, over the secondai y mountain 
 ranges, are several highly interesting 
 roads, though, like the others, of no 
 great elevation. The first of these 
 —a diligence route — is that of 
 the Ampezzo (4985 ft.), which, 
 running through the heart of the 
 dolomite mountains, is in the highest 
 degree romantic; and, as connecting 
 the Fusterthal, in Tyrol, with the 
 Venetian provinces, is very useful 
 also. Eventually falling into the same 
 line, and scarcely inferior in sceneiy, 
 is a road further E. from Innichen 
 in the Pusterthal, by Sexten, to 
 Cadore ; only country cars traverse 
 this. The roads of the Ponfebba 
 and the Predil, both diverging from 
 larvis, in Carinthia, follow at a 
 considerable distance; the one de¬ 
 scends to Udine, the other to Gorizia: 
 both are very picturesque, but espe¬ 
 cially the latter, which crosses the 
 Julian Alps (dil. only on the fiist 
 named, which is part of the old high 
 road between Vienna and Venice bv 
 way of Klagenfurt). Then comes the 
 pass of the Leobl or Loibl, over the 
 Karawankas, from Klagenfurt to Lai¬ 
 bach (dil. daily)—fine in scenery; and 
 then a very steep road through a 
 curious country by Kappel to Krain- 
 berg, over the Seeberg, impossible 
 for any but light cars. This is 
 the last deserving the name of an 
 Alpine pass-road, unless we name 
 that of the Semmering, near Vienna, 
 (3256 ft)., connecting the duchy of 
 Austria with Styria, and now super¬ 
 seded by the rail, which crosses at 
 a lower level. 
 
 h. Eilwagen, or Mail-coaches, 
 
 Separat- Wagen, ^c .—In Austria 
 coach-office and post-office, both 
 Government establishments, are usu¬ 
 ally under the same roof; places are 
 not generally numbered. Passengers 
 can only be taken up or set down at 
 the office. If they have taken 
 places I hr. before starting, they 
 will be provided, if necessary, with 
 “supplement” carriages: 40 lbs. of 
 baggage are allowed free; above 
 that weight it is charged highly, 
 and liable to be transferred to the 
 baggage-wagen. It must be sent 
 to the office i hr. before the coach 
 starts. A fee to the conducteur, or 
 the man who weighs baggage, will 
 often remove difficulties, such as 
 that which sometimes arises from 
 infringing the rule that leather 
 trunks only can travel with the pas¬ 
 sengers. 
 
 Separat - Wagen. — Upon all 
 post-i’oads on wliich an Eilwagen 
 ti'avels, a party of 4, or any 
 paying the fare of 4, may hire an 
 Eilwagen to themselves, called a 
 Separat-wagen, and this even on 
 dajs when the regular Eilwagen does 
 not go at all, at a small additional 
 cost. It is almost as advantageous 
 as posting, and yet much cheaper. 
 It should be applied for a day in 
 advance, and paid for beforehand. 
 Iravellers can by this aivangement 
 start the day and hour they choose, 
 stop to sleep where they like, meet 
 with relays of horses as readily as in 
 dre regular Eilwagen, and encounter 
 no exti'a ti-ouble, as even the. pos¬ 
 tilion’s triirkgeld is included in the 
 fare. 
 
 Average cost of travelling by Eil¬ 
 wagen is 48 kr. pel’ post; by the 
 Separ at, 56 kr. per post each person. 
 
 Stellwagen .—This is a soi’t of 
 omnibus in use between all the prin¬ 
 cipal towns, very cheap, and service- 
 
XXXI . 
 
 GENEBAL INFORMATION. 
 
 xxxii 
 
 able for getting over dull and dusty 
 roads, but slow and uncomfortable. 
 
 t. Posting — Lanfzettel, ^c .—To 
 be furnished with post-hoises to a 
 private caniage, a permission from 
 the police is sometimes required, 
 given on presenting the passport. 
 Caleches and chariots holding 4 per¬ 
 sons and oidinaiy baggage, notwith¬ 
 standing various particular regula¬ 
 tions, require practically only 2 
 horses, a berlin or close carriage 
 4 ditto. 
 
 Charges for posting are i fl. 5 2 kr. 
 per horse per post; postilion, 70 kr. 
 per post. The ostler is entitled to 
 8 kr. per post, and for greasing, &c., 
 8^or ro kr. more. 
 
 A post-chaise, or half-covered ca- 
 leche,, cotts 76 kr. per post. Ave¬ 
 rage rate of travelling is i hr. 30 
 min. per post of 9J Eng. m. 
 
 Einspanner (in Italian, Carettina). 
 — Among the mountains, post¬ 
 masters will usually furnish a one- 
 horse-chaise for I or 2 persons, with 
 a small amount of baggage, at rate 
 per post of I fl. the horse, 15 kr. 
 the open carriage (often a cart with¬ 
 out springs, and sometimes without 
 seats), 31 kr. a covered carriage, 
 15 kr. tlie postilion. The same sort 
 of vehicle can also generally be hired 
 at anv village on a road for a distance 
 of 20 m. or so; but this is uncer¬ 
 tain in busy times. It may be cal¬ 
 culated as costing about 4c?. per 
 Eng. m. 
 
 Laafzettel .—In Austria (as well 
 as the rest of Germany) a traveller 
 wishing to journey quickly may be¬ 
 speak horses to be in readiness all 
 along his route (except across a fron¬ 
 tier) ; the order for this (termed a 
 Lauf-z^ttel, or current-ticket) is ob¬ 
 tained by application at the extra 
 post-office from 12 to 24 hrs. before 
 starting, and costs little. The tra¬ 
 veller may stop to sleep and dine, or 
 
 for any other purpose, but must 
 specify where and when. The notice 
 which precedes him will also order 
 dinner and beds, so that every com¬ 
 fort is in readiness during the route, 
 and the time of changing horses is 
 abridged from 20 min. to 5. It is 
 especially useful on roads not well 
 supplied with horses. 
 
 d'he St unden Puss (Hour pass) is 
 another great convenience. This is a 
 paper on which all posting expenses, 
 horses, postilions, tolls, &:c., are set 
 down befoiehand, and the traveller 
 is relieved fiom all trouble connected 
 with money till he reaches his desti¬ 
 nation. If the postilions ask for a 
 slight trinkgeld they need not have 
 it, as they are paid at a rather higher 
 rate. The pohtmasters mark the 
 hour of arrival and departure on the 
 pass at each station. It must be 
 obtained at the Post-office the day 
 before starting, and a charge of 10 
 per cent, is made, but it is worth 
 while. 
 
 j. Horses and Mules. —There is 
 no regulai- ju'ovision of the»e in the 
 Eastern Alps, and still less of side¬ 
 saddles, except at one or two places 
 of great resort, such as Bad-Gasteiu 
 and Ischl. Even at such places, 
 however, the fiequent arrangement 
 for a side-saddle is a sort of pannier, 
 the rider sitting sideways with feet 
 on a board. Ladies therefore cannot 
 so readily explore the country as in 
 Switzerland. Side-saddles brought 
 from home are a source of danger, 
 since the animals are not used to 
 them. Except at busy hay seasons 
 horses can usually be obtained of the 
 peasants with a little trouble, and if 
 not, ther e is seldom difficulty in pro¬ 
 curing men or women (the latter 
 quite as serviceable) to convey the 
 baggage; these will car ry for cer¬ 
 tain distances of a few hours as much 
 as 5 o lbs. in the conical-shaped has- 
 
XXXIU 
 
 GUIDES—INNS. 
 
 XXXIV 
 
 ket in common use for the back ; but 
 this is not to be expected from a 
 guide accompanying an active pe¬ 
 destrian ; 20 lbs. is then quite suffi¬ 
 cient. 
 
 ^ k. Guides.—T he professional 
 is as yet very little known even in 
 Tyrol, always excepting the few 
 noted bathing-places. Still every 
 village on application to the innkeeper 
 will supply some one sufficient for 
 ordinary purposes at a rate from i| fl. 
 to 2 fl., or from 4 to 5 fr. on the 
 Italian side, per day (the smaller 
 sum and a supper is the best plan). 
 For the greater expeditions, though 
 chamois-hunters, jagers, or guardie 
 boschi (foresters), are generally to 
 be met with who know the ground, 
 yet these seldom show the efficiency, 
 especially on ice, of the first-rate Swiss 
 guides, by whom indeed even in 
 Tyrol several explorers have found 
 it better to be accompanied. On the 
 Italian side an easy Irish way of 
 lying according to the supposed 
 wishes cf the traveller is be guarded 
 against, but the Italian is almost 
 always good-tempered. The chaise- 
 d-porteur for the use of ladies is 
 seldom met with.* 
 
 I. Inhs.—T he country fnns for all 
 the German portion of the Eastern 
 Alps m Tyrol, Salzburg, Styria, Ca- 
 rinthia, Carniola, are as a rule much 
 to be commended for cleanliness, 
 good homely fiire, cheapness, and 
 kindly, cheerful manners on the part 
 of the people. The kellnerin^ or 
 female waiter, distinguished by a 
 large bunch of keys at her side, will 
 by most travellers be much preferred 
 to any “ gar9on ” or kellner of the 
 hotels. In Italian Tyrol good coun- I 
 
 try inns cannot be so relied on as a 
 thing of course; they may prove 
 quite the reverse ; still little anxiety 
 need be felt on this score: the in¬ 
 habitants know the difference be¬ 
 tween a good and a bad inn, and will 
 direct the inquirer where clean beds, 
 if not clean floors, may be expected. 
 1 here is sometimes a deficiency of 
 meat on the Italian side, but good 
 bread and good cofiee are almost 
 universal. Somewhat higher charges 
 than in the German provinces must 
 be looked for, and occasional extor¬ 
 tion will have to be resisted. Coffee 
 on the German side is frequently 
 adulterated with chicory; tea is 
 unknown, except in hotels on the 
 great routes, or as pure green tea 
 from Trieste, kept in small quantity. 
 In Tyi-ol country districts, supper, 
 hed, and breakfast may be had for 
 from 2s. ()d. to 3s. per head ; and 
 the price of a good bedroom with a 
 couple of beds ranges from 70 or 
 80 kr. to I fl. Styria is more costly; 
 Carinthia cheaper, but will probably 
 not remain so; Carniola, though 
 cheap in the country, is dear in the 
 towns. On the Italian side, rooms 
 are rather dearer, but living is gene¬ 
 rally cheap ; beer is everywhere be¬ 
 coming common; wine, except in 
 special districts, is acid enough, the 
 red sorts the least so. Hotel prices 
 and ways are of course the same 
 nearly all over Europe. On both 
 sides of the Alps and in the remotest 
 spots Bath Establishments will be 
 found where least expected, and will 
 prove a resource, though the living 
 and accommodation are often very 
 primitive, and in certain months the 
 crowd, whether of Italians or Ger¬ 
 mans, is great. The small inn is 
 often more comfortable, 
 
 A'pSrht'Sn orgSnfalysSL GENERAL HiNTS.-The&asTO 
 
 of guides and tariffs at the principal travelling may be said to extend 
 centres of resort. | from the middle of May to the middle of 
 
 Kp, Tyr. & A Ips. 5 
 
XXXV 
 
 GENERAL INFORMATION. 
 
 xxxvi 
 
 October. In May the flowers and fresh 
 verdure are charming, but snow is not 
 sufficiently gone from the heights. 
 In June, weather is often broken. 
 July, from its long days, is most 
 favourable for expeditions. In August 
 the mountain places of resort are most 
 crowded. The first half oiSeptember 
 affords the most continuous spell of 
 fine clear weatlier. At the latter end 
 of the mouth or beginning of October 
 heavy rain may fall for a week or lo 
 days together, especially on the Italian 
 side; and Friuli, S. of the Carnic 
 chain, has at this time the heaviest 
 rainfall in Europe. 
 
 Languages. —German will suffice 
 for nearly the whole of the districts 
 included in this volume ; French will 
 prove of little service. In S. Tyrol, 
 or it might be said all below a line 
 drawn E. and W. through Botzen, 
 Italian will be found to prevail: away 
 from the great routes it will fre¬ 
 quently be difficult to meet with 
 anything else. In Carinthia and Car- 
 niola certain districts are Sclavonic; 
 but in most of their villages some 
 men who have served in the Austrian 
 army will be able to speak a little 
 German. , 
 
 Clothing and Accoutrement. — 
 Light woollen suits are the best, and, 
 for protection against wet or cold, 
 light woollen cloaks or plaids. A 
 Leghorn or Panama straw hat will 
 serve alike for mountains and towns. 
 An umbrella is often of as much use 
 for heat as for rain. A knapsack is 
 the handiest kind of baggage for a 
 lightly-equipped traveller, whether 
 he carries it himself or not; it should 
 contain, besides a couple of spare 
 woollen shirts and a sufficiency of 
 socks, an alpaca coat and thin waist¬ 
 coat and trowsers, so as to afford an 
 entire change after the day’s walking, 
 with its chances of a soaking. Thin 
 woollen drawers are very useful to 
 put on when evenings become chill, 
 
 or the mountain air is keen. Stout 
 shoes or half-boots easy for the toes, 
 without iron heels (which slip), but 
 with strong nails, useful on grass, are 
 best for the feet. Slippers are indis¬ 
 pensable. 
 
 A \QaXh&x portmanteau, forwarded 
 from point to point by diligence or 
 train, may be used as a depot; but 
 a better plan, even when ladies are of 
 the party, is to confine the baggage 
 to under 50 lbs. weight each person, 
 and to use strong and roomy leather 
 bags, with sacking covers to protect 
 from dust. These can easily be packed 
 on the backs of men, horses, or 
 donkeys, and accompany the tourists 
 over any of the ordinary mountain 
 paths. For such a party one or 
 more small tin teapots will be of the 
 greatest service, as the only means of 
 making ready use of the small stock 
 of tea which is among the requisites 
 for travelling in the remote districts. 
 A small etna also is useful. 
 
 n. Health generally takes care of 
 itself among the mountains; but a 
 few simple medicines, adapted to 
 check diarrhoea or avert feverish at¬ 
 tacks, should be provided. Over¬ 
 exertion in the early stages of a tour 
 is very common, but should be 
 strenuously guarded against, espe¬ 
 cially in the case of ladies, who, 
 though capable of doing a good deal 
 of wholesome walking under careful 
 management, frequently do them¬ 
 selves irreparable damage by want of 
 care. They should never attempt 
 anything like an expedition till they 
 have become well accustomed to foot- 
 exercise and have thoroughly tested 
 their powers. 
 
 The precaution should always be 
 observed of avoiding sleeping in 
 marshy valleys (especially near the 
 embouchure of rivers), in the neigh¬ 
 bourhood of rice-fields, or of hemp- 
 steeping pits. A slight altitude is, 
 
xxxvii 
 
 maf8~alpine vocabulary. 
 
 however, generally sufficient to secure 
 safety. 
 
 iJiere is little fear of personal 
 violence ^ in any of the districts de- 
 scribed in this volume. As ageneral 
 lule mountain peasantry are perfectly 
 leliable ; in German Tyrol and the 
 pure Austrian provinces they are 
 eminently so. In Carinthia and Car- 
 niola, where the Sclavonic element 
 pi-evails, the population is of a some¬ 
 what gloomy and sometimes of a 
 rather coarse disposition ; and near 
 the new Italian frontier there is oc¬ 
 casional insecurity from the incursions 
 of “ mauvais sujets” from the Italian 
 
 exceptional, 
 
 and the Austrian police is everywhere 
 excellent. Avoid trampling growino- 
 crops of gi'ass and intrusion upon 
 vineyards; carry no firearms, deal 
 fi-ankly and simply with all you meet, 
 but Without unnecessarily joining 
 company, betraying intentions, or 
 displaying money, and there is little 
 to tear anywhere. 
 
 xxxviii 
 
 „ MAPS.-Those of the Austrkn 
 Ordnance Survey will serve for all 
 we mountain districts except Venetia. 
 they are admirably accurate and 
 clear, are sold in sheets and quarters, 
 and can be obtained at Stanford’s, 
 Charing Cross. Mayr’s great map of 
 the whole Alpine range {Atlas der 
 Alpenlander), in 9 sheets, completed 
 in 1863, of which Nos. 2, 3 c 5 
 aply to our region, is also excellent’ 
 though incorrect in a lew localities, 
 this also can be obtained in sheets 
 and mounted to suit the traveller’s 
 convenience. Wdrrs maps will serve 
 for Tyrol and Salzburg; they are 
 well detailed and cheap: 10 of the 
 sheets cover the above districts. Price 
 IS. ()d. per sheet. 
 
 ll^^v^sKarteyon Tyrol, including 
 much of the adjoining countries, is a 
 very handy map, though not so recent 
 as the others. J\layr has also pub¬ 
 
 lished a map of the Bavarian High¬ 
 lands, with N. frontier of Tvrol of 
 convenient size. Separate maps’ of 
 the Salzkammergut can be easily 
 obtained on the spot, as also a con¬ 
 venient one for Carinthia, by J. J. 
 Pauliny, pub. at Vienna. Maps 
 Illustrating the scenery of the great 
 lines of railway are also to be met 
 with. 
 
 For Venetia Mayr’s Alpenlander 
 maps will serve the ordinary tourist, 
 ror purposes requiring greater ac¬ 
 curacy the Austrian Government 
 Survey of that kingdom,* pub. in 
 24 large sheets, 6s. per sheet (Vienna') 
 can alone be relied on. ' 
 
 All the maps named can be ob- 
 Sosf Stanford’s, 6, Charing 
 
 Alpine Vocabulary. 
 
 Ach, brook or torrent. 
 
 Alp, or Aim, rarely, if ever, means 
 the mountain itself, but the pastures 
 upon its sides, covered by the snow 
 tor a greater part of the year, and 
 giadually laid bare as far as the 
 extieme verge of vegetation as the 
 season advances. 
 
 Bach, brook (the beck of the N 
 of England). 
 
 Berg, mountain. 
 
 Burg, castle. 
 
 Biichel or Buhel, knoll or swelling 
 rise. ° 
 
 Croda (Ital.), a mass of rocky pin¬ 
 nacles. 
 
 Ferner, glacier (Swiss Gletscher, 
 Styrian Kees). 
 
 Geroll, a long steep slope of de'bris. 
 
 Horn, the sharp peak of a moun¬ 
 tain, so called from its resemblance 
 to the horn of an animal. 
 
 Joch ^ (French Col. ; in Styria and 
 Carinthia, Tauerri), a depression in a 
 
 * ‘Topographische Karte des Lom- 
 bardisch- Venetianischen Kiinigreiches.’ 
 
r 
 
 xxxix 
 
 GENEBAL INFOBMATION. 
 
 xl 
 
 mountain-ridge, affording a conve¬ 
 nient passage for a path or road. 
 
 Kessel (Icettle), a deep circular 
 valley shut in by hills. 
 
 Klamm, a cleft in the moun¬ 
 tains, a ravine through which a river 
 drains off. 
 
 Klause, a defile, a narrow pass, a 
 gorge. 
 
 Kogel, Kofel, Eopf, the cone-like 
 or sugrarloaf summit of a mountain. 
 
 Loch, hole or cavern, or gorge in 
 the mountain. 
 
 Malga (Ital.), herd station on the 
 high pastures. 
 
 Riicken, a ridge, a range of hills. 
 
 Sasso (Ital,), a mountain composed 
 of a single block. 
 
 Scharte, a notch, or small de¬ 
 pression in a rocky ridge. 
 
 Schrofen, precipices. 
 
 See, lake. 
 
 Spitze, aiguille, point, mountain- 
 peak. Spitz, masc., sometimes used. 
 
 Stock, a vast mountain mass. 
 
 Tauern, mountain ridges; hill 
 roads or paths, in opposition to valley 
 roads. It signifies in Tyrol and 
 Salzburg the neck or saddle-shaped 
 depression over which a road passes. 
 
 Thai, valley. 
 
 Thor, the highest part of a high 
 pass. 
 
 Thorl, the highest part of a lower 
 pass. 
 
 Tohel, a I'avine. 
 
 Vrh, pronounced somewhat like 
 Werch, Slovenic for Berg, 
 
 Wald, forest. 
 
 Wand, wall, precipice. 
 
 
KNAPSACK GUIDE 
 
 FOR 
 
 TYKOL AND THE EASTERN ALPS 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 ALPS OP BAVAEIA. 
 
 ✓ 
 
 INTRODUCTOEY INFORMATION, 
 
 Physical Charaeteristks of Bavaria.—The Plain.-The smcessire 
 Mountain Manges. — Rivers. — Lakes. — Fishing. — Beer. — Pass¬ 
 ports.— Money.—Miles.—Posting Roads.—Mailroads—Maps. 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 176 Augsbui’jy to Lindau, on 
 
 Lake of Constance, by 
 Kempten (Rail) 
 
 176A Lindau to Innsbruck, 
 by Immenstadt and 
 Peutte. 
 
 177 Augsburg to Innsbruck, 
 
 by Fiissen .... 
 185 Alunicb to Salzburg, by 
 Rosenheim and the 
 Chiem See (Rail) . 
 
 185 A Munich to Bercbtes- 
 gaden ' and Salzburg, 
 by Traunstein and 
 Reichenhall 
 
 r86 Munich to Innsbruck, 
 
 COL. 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 21 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 by Lake of Starnherg 
 and Partenkirclien. 
 
 187 Munich to Innsbruck, 
 
 by Benedictbeuern and 
 Lakes of Kochel and 
 Walchen .... 
 
 188 Munich to Innsbruck, 
 
 by Tegern See, Baths 
 of Kreuth, and the 
 Achen See .... 
 
 18 8a Alunich to Innsbruck, 
 by Miesbach, the Schlier 
 See, and Kufstein . 
 
 188b Munich to Innsbruck 
 (Rail), by Rosenheim 
 and Kufstein . 
 
 COL. 
 
 24 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 38 
 
 Sketch of Bavaria. 
 
 Only the Alpine region of Ba- 
 , varia is here described, and the 
 t routes are. such only as form con- 
 i venient aiiproaches to Tyrol or 
 I Salzburg. 
 
 I Kp. Tyr. & Alps. 
 
 Tlie* greater portion of Bavaria 
 is a vast plain, but rising in three 
 successive stages from the Danube 
 on the N. to the mountain-ranges 
 on the S. Munich occupies the 
 middle stage or zone, and the 
 general form of the plain is that 
 
 B 
 
3 
 
 BAVABTA: INTBOBUCTOBY INFOBMATION. 
 
 4 
 
 of a convex, curved surface, sloping 
 towards botli N. and E. Tlie 
 mountain district into which it 
 merges rises also in successive 
 steps, and is composed of 4 dis¬ 
 tinct ridges, stretching in pa¬ 
 rallel lines from S. of W. to N, of 
 E. The most northern of these, 
 forming the first step from the 
 plain, may he termed Alpestrine 
 rather than Alpine; the ridges 
 behind it rising in altitude cul¬ 
 minate in the 4th and most 
 southern, only a portion of which 
 actually belongs to Bavaria. Of 
 this last ridge the higliest peaks 
 are the Biherhopf, 8548 ft. on the 
 W. above Sontliofen, valley of tlie 
 Ill; the Zug Spitze, 9716 ft. (or 
 10,025 ft.), near Partenkirchen, in 
 the middle section; and the Watz- 
 mann, 8996 ft,, near Berchtes- 
 gaden, on the E. The peaks of 
 the 3rd ridge all run below 
 7000 ft., and those of the 2nd 
 under 6000 ft. Five rivers flow 
 through breaks in these ridges 
 from the S.; naming them from 
 W. to E., they are the Iller, the 
 Lech, the Isar, the Inn, and the 
 Salzach. The whole of this 
 mountain region is remarkably 
 picturesque. The lower ranges 
 are composed of richly-wooded 
 hills; and verdant pastoral valleys 
 penetrate deep into the chain. 
 But the great charm consists in 
 the numerous beautiful lakes, 
 varying in character from the 
 .simply pleasing to the sublime. 
 Those in the plain, such as the 
 Ammer See, Wurm See, and 
 Chiem See, are of considerable 
 size, and are dignifled by a dis¬ 
 tant view of the hills. Those 
 in the mountains, of which the 
 Kochel See, Walchen See, Te- 
 gern See, and the superb Konigs 
 See are the principal, can scarcely 
 be exceeded in picturesque effect. 
 
 They and their streams all 
 abound in fish, and anglers may 
 easily obtain admission to their 
 waters on condition of purchasing 
 or returning to the owner’s tanks 
 the fish they catch. 
 
 Bavarian Beer is sufficient!}^ 
 celebrated, and will be every¬ 
 where met with of various degrees 
 of excellence. It is very light, 
 and always cool. A halbe, equal 
 to 11 pint, is the usual quantity 
 set before the traveller, in a glass 
 jug with a lid. 
 
 Passports are abolished in Ba¬ 
 varia, but it is better to be pro¬ 
 vided with one, though a visa is 
 unnecessary. 
 
 Money is the silver florin, 
 worth IS. 8fl., and the kreutzer, 
 60 to a florin, in pieces of i, 3, 
 6, 12, and 24 kreutzers. Prus¬ 
 sian coins, however, will pass. 
 Thalers = 2 11 . 42 kr. are common, 
 also a Bavarian thaler = 2 fl. 
 24 kr., and the Austrian or Verein 
 thaler = i fl. 48 kr., or 3 shillings. 
 
 The Bavarian mile is equal 
 to 4 m. 4 fur. 192 yards Eng., 
 or 4*609, say 4|. 2 sfunden, or 
 hours, are reckoned to the Bav. 
 mile. There are no turnpihes in 
 Bavaria. Posting is very slow, i 
 German mile per | stunde, in¬ 
 cluding stoppages. Charge for 
 each horse per post i 11. 15 kr. to 
 I fl. 45 kr. Travellers usually 
 give I fl. per post to postilion 
 driving 2 horses, though his legal 
 demand is not much more than 
 half. Boads are not good. 
 
 Bailroads are more numerous in 
 the northern than southern por¬ 
 tion. One long line intersects the 
 country, from tJlm on the W. fron¬ 
 tier, through Augsburg and Mu¬ 
 nich, to Salzburg on the E.; from 
 this 4 lines diverge S., and are avail¬ 
 able more or less for penetrating 
 the mountains,—ist, from Augs- 
 
me. 11Q.—AUGSBURG to LINDAU. 
 
 G 
 
 
 burg to Liiidau, ou Lake of Oon- 
 stauce, Rtes. 176 and 177; 2nd, 
 from Pasing, near Munich, to 
 Lake of Starnberg, Rte. r86 ; 3rd, 
 from Holzkirchen to Miesbach, for 
 the Schliersee, Ete. i88a; 4tb, 
 from Rosenheim to Kufstein, and 
 so to Innsbruck, Rte. 189. By 
 each of these the traveller can be 
 
 put on his way to Innsbruck. No 
 luggage is allowed tree on any of 
 the railways. 
 
 Maps. —Mayr’s map of Tyrol 
 will serve also for the Bavarian 
 mountains. G. Franz’s map of 
 German Tyrol and S. Bavaria is 
 excellent, and costs only i fl. 20 kr. 
 in Munich, 
 
 KOUTES. 
 
 Rte; 176. — AUGSBURG to 
 LINDAU, on the LAKE of 
 CONSTANCE (Raid), 
 
 AUGSBUltG to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Biessenhofen 41 
 Kempteu . 2Ji 
 linmenstadt. 14 
 
 ENG. M. 
 Lindau . . 43I 
 
 I22i 
 
 famous as the scene of the great 
 defeat of the Magyars by Emp. 
 
 Otho I. in 955. 
 
 Grossaitigen Stat. ^ Site of4| 
 the battle was E. and a-little S. 
 of this. 
 
 Schwabiniinchen Stat. A ma- 2} m 
 nufacturing vill. Remains of a 
 Roman bridge over the Wertach. 
 
 5 trains daily; the quickest in 5 lirs., 
 others In 12 hrs. 
 
 This line will put the traveller 
 upon an interesting route to Inns¬ 
 bruck, leaving it at Biessenhofen 
 Stat., Rte. 177; or, enable him 
 to penetrate the Algau Alps 
 from Immenstadt, whence he can 
 ascend the Ill and cross over into 
 the Bregenzer Wald and Tyrol, 
 Rtes. 176 A and 212 a; or, con¬ 
 tinuing his course to Lindau, ho 
 can thence enter Tyrol by the 
 Vorarlberg, Rtes. 212 and 212 a. 
 
 Leaving Augsburg, the line 
 has the Lech on 1 . (E.), and the 
 stream of the Wertach and old 
 post-road on rt. (W.) 
 
 4 | m. Inningen Stat. 
 
 2 ^m. Bobingen Stat. The bare 
 plain on the 1 . is the Lechfeld, 
 stretching S. for many miles, and 
 
 Westererringen Stat. 31 m 
 
 Buchloe Stat. Small town on 7 m. 
 the Gennach, a stream flowing 
 into the Wertach. 
 
 Pforzen Stat. 8| m 
 
 Kaufbeuern Stat. (In?t: Sonne). 4 | m 
 An old Imperial free town, 4000 
 Inhab., situate on the Wertaeh. 
 
 Here the Bavarian Alps begin to 
 be visible S. Best view of them 
 from remains of a Roman tower, 
 the Groskemnath. 
 
 Biessenhofen Stat. The line 3 } m 
 here turns W., leaving the valley 
 of the Wertach, and ascends the 
 Kirnachthal to cross the high 
 ground between the Wertach and 
 tlie Iller. 
 
 [From Biessenhofen, dil. every day to 
 Fiissen, on the route to Innsbruck, ' 
 
 Rte. 177.] 
 
 B 2 
 
7 
 
 Bte. IIQ.—AVGSBVBG to LINDAU. 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 3 ^ m. Euderatshofen Stat. 
 
 5 Jm. Aitrang Stat. Eail enters a 
 deep cutting. 
 
 Om. Giinzach Stat., highest point 
 on the line. To rt. is a large 
 building, now brewery and en¬ 
 gine factory, once a convent. 
 (Ober-Glinzbcrg, N. Lin, Stern, 
 supposed to be the Eoman Gun- 
 tia.) Eail now turns S. through 
 dreary scenery. 
 
 6 m. Wildpolzried Stat. 
 
 m. Bezigau Stat. Line now de¬ 
 scends into valley of the Ill, 
 crosses the post-road between 
 Keinpten and Fiissen, and the 
 river Ill by a fine bridge to 
 
 2im. Kempten. (Inns: Krone, in 
 the New Town, best; Baierischer 
 Hof; Griiner Bauni\ Campodu- 
 num of the Eomans (remains of 
 entrenched camp), consists now 
 of Old Town, Eeichstadt, Pro¬ 
 testant, and once Imperial; and 
 New Tovm, Stiftstadt, upon a 
 hill, Eoman Catholic, and for¬ 
 merly belonging to the Abbot of 
 Kempten, a Prince of the Em¬ 
 pire : his palace is now public 
 offices. The Mariaberg, W., ofters 
 a fine view. The line now takes 
 a direct S. course, a.scending the 
 valley of the Iller. 
 
 If m. ‘Waltenhofen Stat. Presently 
 a lake, the Nieder Sonthofensee, 
 is seen on the rt., with the ruins 
 of a castle. 
 
 m. Oberdorf Stat. Valley be¬ 
 comes more picturesque; the fine 
 Algau Alps at its head. The 
 line suddenly turns W. to 
 
 7m. Immenstadt Stat. (Inn: 
 
 Kreuz, indifferent; restaurant at 
 stat.) Pleasantly situated town 
 at junction of the Ache with the 
 Iller. Several factories in the 
 neighbourhood. (Opposite, across 
 the valley, is the Grunten, a sort 
 of Bavarian Eigi, with an inn on 
 the top. [For the upper valley 
 of the Iller and scenery of the 
 Algau Alps, see Etes. 176A and 
 
 2I2A.] 
 
 Eailway now makes a sudden 
 turn N.W. to skirt the N. shore 
 of the beautiful 
 
 Alpsee (2377 ft.), best seen from 
 the other side. 
 
 Eail bearing W. ascends the 
 Konstanzer Thai, with the Ochsen 
 Berg to the N. and the Eind- 
 alpen Horn S., and is carried 
 over a viaduct, 180 ft. high, and 
 long embankment to \ 
 
 Oberstaufen Stat. Vill. with lOf m. 
 an old castle above it. [A road 
 here goes S. by Staufen and then 
 down the Weissach Thai, which 
 leads into the Bregenzer Wald. 
 
 Ete. 212 A.] Turning now N. 
 the line is carried through a short 
 
 Tunnel, which marks the water¬ 
 shed between the basins of the 
 Danube and the Ehine. Issuing 
 from it there is an interesting 
 view backward over the Weissach 
 Thai, with the Swiss Alps in the 
 distance. A very deep cutting 
 succeeds before reaching 
 
 Harbatzhofen Stat., when the If m. 
 line again bears W., but with a 
 very sinuous course, soon crossing 
 a remarkable 
 
 Viaduct of timber, and then 
 along a vast emhanlcment to ^ 
 
 Eothenbach Stat. Keeping a 3 | nil 
 
0 
 
 Me. 17G a.~LINBAU to INNSBRUCK 
 
 10 
 
 pretty direct course for some dis¬ 
 tance, the rly. makes a violent 
 bend E., N., and then W. to reach 
 i the north bank of the Leiblach 
 and 
 
 I 
 
 i 11| m. Hergatz Stat., where are great 
 ^ stores of peat. Descending now 
 S. the Swiss and Vorarlberg 
 Alps open to view, and in par- 
 I ticular the Sentis attracts atten¬ 
 tion. The bare country is suc¬ 
 ceeded by one more fruitful, and 
 
 I Him. Schlacters Stat. is surrounded 
 by orchards. The line here again 
 winds considerably before reach¬ 
 ing 
 
 Oberreitnau Stat. The country 
 becomes very rich, the hillsides 
 covered with vines, and upon 
 I emerging from a deep cutting a 
 charming view is obtained over 
 the lake of Constance, backed by 
 mountains. The line is eventually 
 carried along a low stone cause¬ 
 way in the lake into 
 
 9pn. Lindau Stat. (Inns: Baieris- 
 cher Hof, close to port and rly., 
 large and good; Krone.) An 
 ancient town, dating even from 
 Eoman times, once an Imperial 
 free city, delightful in situation, 
 which is well seen from a walk 
 constructed along the lake side 
 and partly on the old ramparts. 
 Tlie Hddenthurm is a stump of 
 a tower, probably as old as 4th 
 centy, if not Roman of the time 
 of Tiberius, who started hence to 
 invade the Rhceti. The tea-gar¬ 
 dens of the Schlacten Bad f hr. 
 walk "VV. on shore of lake, and 
 the Lindenhof on the hill above 
 them offer delicious views. The 
 ' latter is a private house, but 
 
 its gardens are open on Sun¬ 
 days, &c. 
 
 [Steamers for all parts of the lake call 
 at Lindau. Eorschach is the stat. for the 
 Upper Rhine and the Spliigen; Romans- 
 horn for Zurich and Paris; Bregenz for 
 the Vorarlberg (Rte. 212) is only 20 min. 
 by steamer; 7 m. by road.] 
 
 Rte. 176 A.—LINDAU, on 
 LAKE cf CONSTANCE, to 
 INNSBEUCK, by IMMEN- 
 STADT. 
 
 LINDAU to ENG. M. HK.S. 
 
 Immenstadt (Rail). 43! . j 
 
 Reutte . . . ,32 
 
 Innsbruck . . .58 
 
 iJli 
 
 To Lindau there are frequent steamers 
 on the lake from Bomanshorn (the ter¬ 
 minus of the rail from Zurich), by which 
 it is brought into direct communication 
 with Paris. From Lindau there are 5 
 trains daily to Augsburg passing Immen¬ 
 stadt Stat. (take the earliest). From 
 Immenstadt a carriage can be hired for 
 the cross-country road to Reutte. Good 
 road, and charming scenery. From 
 Reutte it is a post-road to Innsbruck. 
 
 This is a very pleasant and not 
 much travelled route to Inns¬ 
 bruck, which can be reached in 
 4 days from Paris—to landau 2 ; 
 Reutte I; Innsbruck (posting) i. 
 
 Lindau (Inns: Baierischer Hof, 
 large and convenient; Krone). 
 
11 
 
 Rte. llQk.—LINDAV to INNSBRUCK. 
 
 12 
 
 See Rte. 176 for details of rly. 
 to 
 
 43 f m. Immenstadt (Inn: Kreuz ; 
 none good). The town, a few 
 min. from stat., is very prettily 
 situated in the valley of the Iller, 
 among abrupt and picturesque 
 lilts.—the Alps of Algau. 
 
 (Vehicles can be hired at the Kreuz.or 
 omnibus from stat. can he taken to Sont- 
 hofcn.) 
 
 A good road leads tlirough a 
 beautiful pastoral district, the 
 valley of the Iller, towards a fine 
 range of mts. on its E. side, the 
 foot of which it readies at 
 
 5 m. Sonthofen (Inn: Hirsch,good). 
 
 [In coming from Immenstadt 
 the principal mountain across the 
 plain on 1 . is the Griinten. This 
 Bavarian Rigi^ is famed for its 
 View. Inn at the top. Ascent 
 is made from Sonthofen, 6 hrs. up 
 and down."] 
 
 [The valley of the Iller may be 
 ascended by 3 roads. The ist 
 turns off at Segfriedsberg, be¬ 
 tween Immenstadt and Sontho¬ 
 fen, and striking tor the foot of 
 the hills W. and passing through 
 Ofterschwang, Polsterlang, and 
 other villages, reaches near Ober- 
 maiselstein, some curious rocks, 
 termed Hirschensprung. The 2nd, 
 starting from the same point, 
 keeps to the 1 . bank of the Iller. 
 The 3rd, the principal route, as¬ 
 cends the rt. bank from Sontho¬ 
 fen, joins the 2nd in about 7 111., 
 and leads to Oherstdorf, a popular 
 watering-place, with ruins of an 
 old castle. The valley here splits 
 into 3. That to W. is the Klein 
 'Walser Thai, through which the 
 Iller flows. Most of it belongs to 
 Austria. A road ascends it to 
 Bad, 12 m., and a path leads over 
 
 into the Bregenzer Wald, Rte. 
 
 212 A. That to S., the Rappen- 
 alpen Thai, penetrates among the 
 noblest of the Algau Alps,—the 
 Gaishorn, Widderstein,and Biber- 
 kopf. That to S.E., tlie Trettach 
 Thai, terminates in the Madeler 
 Gabel and the Trettach Spitz. 
 
 The Oythal, E. from Oherstdorf, 
 has picturesque waterfalls.] ) 
 
 Among green meadows the 
 road i3asses to 
 
 Hindelang (Inn: Adler, small, 4 m. 
 but ])articularly clean and com¬ 
 fortable) ; hence Vorspann is gene¬ 
 rally required. 
 
 The road now leaves the valley 
 (which turns S.) and makes a long 
 
 Ascsnt of the Vorder and 
 Ilinter Joch, at last of which it 
 crosses i 
 
 Frontier between Bavaria and 
 Tyrol, and descends abruptly 
 upon 
 
 Schattwald, where is the 5 m. 
 Austrian Custom-house. Village 
 of Tannheim succeeds, and the 
 shattered picturesque peaks of the 
 Schafsehrofen appear in front, at 
 foot of which and beside a small 
 lake— 
 
 Haldensee—the road passes 6 m, 
 to Nesselwang, where it turns S. | 
 into a deep gorge and presently 
 enters the romantic 
 
 Pass Racht, where it is carried 
 down the side of a precipitous, 
 narrow, and richly-wooded ravine, 
 the limestone walls of which rise 
 with great grandeur on either 
 hand. It enters at right angles 
 into the 
 
 Valley of the Lech. Fine? m. 
 
13 
 
 rde. in.—AUGSBUBG to INNSBRUCK 
 
 14 
 
 mountain forms appear at its 
 head. [See Ete. 212 a for this 
 interesting district.] The rd, 
 turns in the opposite direction, 
 .following the course of the pale 
 blue stream. Schloss Ehrenherg 
 is seen perched on a rock opposite, 
 and the rd. crosses the river to 
 
 5m. Reutte (Inn: Post, good). A 
 beautifully-situated town, in a 
 small mountain-girdled plain. 
 
 [Fiissen is 92 m. N. of this, 
 and Hohen Schwangau forms a 
 delightful excursion. See Ete. 
 
 177.] 
 
 From Eeutte it is a post-road, 
 described Ete. 17 7, to 
 
 58 m. Innsbruck. Ete. 212, 
 
 Rte. 177. — AUGSBURG to 
 INNSBRUCK, by FUSSEN. 
 
 AUGSBURG (Rl.) 
 
 to EXG. M, 
 
 Biessenhofen 
 Stat. . . 41 
 
 Fiissen . . 24 
 
 ENG. M, 
 
 Nassereit. . 32 
 Innsbruck . 34^ 
 
 I3ii 
 
 Biessenhofen is the nearest stat. to 
 Fussen on the Augsburg and Lindau 
 Illy. Thence is a daily diligence to 
 Fiissen, 4 hrs., and on to Hohen Schwan¬ 
 gau, 4 m. further. From Fussen it is a 
 good post-road, traversed by a daily dil. 
 to Innsbruck. 
 
 There is a rly. rte. the whole 
 distance to Innsbruck, butmaldng 
 
 a considerable circuit by way of 
 Munich, Eosenheim (where it 
 leaves the Salzburg line), and 
 the Valley of Inn. For those 
 who can spare an extra day or 
 two it is far pleasanter to cross 
 the Bavarian Alps by one of the 
 several rtes. which follow. This 
 from Augsburg is as interesting 
 as any. 
 
 From Augsburg the railway 
 keeps at a distance of from 5 to 
 10 m. W. of the Lech ; between 
 the two lies 
 
 The Lecbfeld, 1 ., where Otho 1.14 m 
 defeated the Magyars in 955. 
 
 Biessenhofen Stat. for Schon -27 m 
 gau and Fussen (diligence to 
 Fussen meets the early tram). 
 
 Fussen (Inn: Post.). A small 24 m 
 town, 1600 inhab. beautifully 
 situated on the Lech, at the foot 
 of the Alps, and near the “ Jaws,'" 
 of a narrow defile (Fauces Julise, 
 whence name). Castle of Bishops’ 
 of Augsburg, built 1322, now a 
 prison, on : height above. The 
 most remarkable building is the 
 sequestrated Ahhey of St. Magnus, 
 the apostle of this district, who 
 founded the abbey 746 a.d. Much 
 traffic with Tyrol through the 
 town, which has also been the 
 scene of repeated military con¬ 
 tests down to 1800. 
 
 Best View is from the Calva- 
 rienberg, 2 hr’s. walk on rt. bank 
 of Lech, a little above the bridge ; 
 it may be taken on way to Hohen- 
 schwangau. 
 
 [Holienschwangau, 4 m., is a toy 
 castle, built by King Max. of 
 Bavaria, on site of an old castle 
 destroyed in 1809. It covers a 
 lofty pedestal rock rising in front 
 of a mountain, clad with black 
 fir. The View from the terrace, 
 
15 
 
 llte. \ll.~AUGSBVRa to INNSBRUCK. 
 
 16 
 
 reached by long flights of steps, 
 is very fine. The interior is elabo¬ 
 rately painted in fresco by artists 
 of the Munich school. 
 
 Tliere is an Inn at the foot of 
 the rock. Interesting ivalJc up 
 the gorge of the Pollat to the 
 Marienbriicke, ■ and higher still 
 to the Jugend, a platform in the 
 wood with a most extensive view. 
 See HandhooJc for S, Germany, 
 Ete. 177. 
 
 Pedestrians bound for Eeutte 
 need not return to Fussen, but 
 follow the King’s Road, closed to 
 carriages, which passes along the 
 side of the Alpsee, a small lake. 
 At the Austrian Douane a path 
 leads 1. to a road, which pre¬ 
 sently ascends the Kniepass, a 
 grand and picturesque defile, for¬ 
 merly defended by what is now a 
 ruin. At Pfiach it falls into tlie 
 high rd. from Fiissen.] 
 
 From Fussen the rd. crosses 
 the river, and near the Bavarian 
 Custom-house passes close to 
 
 ^ m. A fine fall of the Lech. 
 
 1 m. The Austrian Custom-house. 
 
 After passing the point where 
 the Vils joins tlie Lech from the 
 W., the road— 
 
 grand mountains. The peaks on 
 the W. are those of the Scliafs- 
 clirofen, see Ete. 176 a. Conspi¬ 
 cuous to S. is the rock crowned 
 by the Castle of Ehrenberg. 
 
 [2 m. E. is the fall of Stduhi, 
 90 ft. high, easily reached. The 
 Ache which forms it flows out 
 of two small lakes— Plansee 
 and Ileiterwangsee, ij m. distant, 
 very striking in their scenery.] 
 
 [W. a rd. crosses the Lech, 
 and in about 6 m. ascends Pass 
 Gaclit, a magnificent gorge, and 
 crosses country to Immenstadt. 
 See Ete. 176 a.] 
 
 The scenery now for some ms. 
 is extremely fine. Leaving the 
 valley of the Lech, the rd. as¬ 
 cends the 
 
 Ehrenburger Klaus 3, formerly 
 commanded by the castle of Eh¬ 
 renberg, on the wooded rock to 
 the rt., stormed by troops of 
 Prince Maurice on his memorable 
 march to seize Charles V. at Inns¬ 
 bruck, 1552; demolished by the 
 French after surrender in 1800. 
 
 Ed. winds upwards, and turns 
 1., to reach summit of the pass, and 
 descends into a long valley at 
 
 Heiterwang. A glimpse of 5 
 Heiterivangsee to 1. 
 
 2 m. Crosses the Lech to 1 . bank, 
 which it follows through vill. of 
 Musau, till it recrosses to the rt. 
 bank by the 
 
 4 m. Bridge of Pfiach (where the 
 rd. of the Kniepass comes in). 
 A small plain succeeds, and pass¬ 
 ing a little Gothic Iluttenhapelle, 
 date 1515, we enter 
 
 2m. Eeutte (Inn: Post, good). A 
 small town, delightfully situated 
 in a valley basin, surrounded by 
 
 Buchelbach succeeds. The 3 
 Gartnervjand rises W., and fine 
 mountain forms appear in front 
 beyond the small plain of 
 
 Lermoos (Inn: Post, good), 6 
 3375 ft., stands in the basin of a 
 former lake. Two noble moun¬ 
 tains rise abruptly from the plain 
 E. That to S. is the Mieminger 
 Berg, belonging to the Wetter- 
 steingebirge, a range extending 
 a considerable distance along 
 N. side of the Innthal. That 
 
lite. m.—MUNIGB: to SALZBUBG 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 to the N. is the Ziig Spitze 
 (9716 ft.), on frontier of Bavaria, 
 and noted among the Bavarian 
 mts.; from Ehrwald, at foot o 
 the Zug is a path over to the 
 Eihsee, worth visiting. Ete. 186. 
 
 [Ed. hence down valley of 
 the Loisach to Parten 7 f«Vc 7 iew, 17m. 
 Ete. 186.] 
 
 Winding among singular hum 
 mocks, and crossing the plain to 
 foot of the Mieminger, the rd. 
 now gradually ascends, passing 
 two richly wooded lakes, to the 
 
 m. Pass of Auf den Fern (small 
 Inn), a high ridge (4093 ft.) divid¬ 
 ing the waters flowing into the 
 Lech from those descending to the 
 Inn. From the summit the rd. 
 turns abruptly E., and swings down 
 the sides of a vast wooded hollow, 
 with two small lakes at the bot¬ 
 tom. Castle of Sigmundsberg 
 seen below. 
 
 A Gateway Tower, Fernstein, 
 spans the road, once strong 
 enough to delay Mam-ice of 
 Saxony a day and a half. {Inn: 
 Zum Fernstein, close to the 
 Tower, good). Sigmundsberg 
 stands on a wooded islet in one 
 of the lakes. 
 
 4m. Nassereit {Inn: Post, fair). 
 Considerable village. [From this 
 point the valley (Gurglthal) and 
 a rd. descend S.W., and reach 
 the great Inn Valley at Imst, 9 
 m. See Ete. 212.] 
 
 Our road crossing the valley 
 makes a long and steep ascent E. 
 to reach the uplands at foot of 
 Mieminger Berg, crossing thence 
 diagonally into the valley of the 
 Inn. On the plateau noble views 
 occur of the snowy Oetzthal 
 mts. to the S. Near 
 
 8|m. Barwies the donjon keep of 
 
 Castle of Klam is seen to rt., 
 breaking the vista of a lateral 
 glen 
 
 Ober Mieming. {Inn: Post, 1 m. 
 ood.) 
 
 Telfs. Ed. reaches banks of? m. 
 the Inn, and joins the great rd. 
 of the Innthal coming from Lan- 
 deck. For remainder of rte. to 
 
 Innsbruck, see Ete. 212. 18 m. 
 
 For Btes. 178-184, not loitlmi 
 the area of this work, see S. Germ. 
 Ilandhh. 
 
 Rte. 185 .—MUNICH to SALZ¬ 
 BURG, by ROSENHEIM and 
 the CHIEMSEE. 
 
 • VIUNICH to I ENG. M. 
 
 ENG. Jr. Salzburg . . 2 ji 
 
 Rosenheim . 47^^ — 
 
 Traunstein . ji 102 
 
 Rail the whole 'distance; 5 trains 
 daily, in 43- to 6 hrs. 
 
 Travellers bound for Eastern 
 Tyrol, the Salzkammergut, Sty- 
 ria, or Carinthia, had better make 
 or Salzburg, whence several 
 30 st-roads into those districts 
 diverge. The rail from Munich 
 is not only the quickest but the 
 pleasantest route, running for the 
 
19 
 
 Ilte. 1S5.~MUNICH to SALZBURG, 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 most part within view of the great 
 Alpine Range to the S., and at 
 Salzburg bringing the traveller 
 within its portals, and amidst 
 scenery of supassing beauty. 
 
 From Munich the Railway 
 turns to the S., passing on the 
 1 . the colossal statue of Bavaria. 
 
 Gin. At Grosshesselohe Stat. the 
 Isar is crossed by an iron bridge; 
 a S.B, direction is then followed, 
 traversing between Diesenhofen 
 and Sauerlach stats, an old Ro¬ 
 man road. 
 
 Kjiin. to Holzkirchen Stat. (Inn: 
 Post). [Branch rail to Miesbach, 
 10 m.; for the Schliersee, 5 m. 
 Rte 188 A. Also omnibuses to 
 Tegernsee in 2 hrs., Rte. 188.] 
 Turning sharp northwards for a 
 short distance the rail reaches the 
 Mangfall, and keeping on its 1 . 
 bank, follows its course through a 
 pretty valley in an easterly direc¬ 
 tion, and passing tlie stats, oi 
 Westerham, Bruckmulde, and Hen- 
 feld to 
 
 17 f in. Aibling Stat. (Inns: Post; 
 Duschlbrau) ancient town, with a 
 castle on a height. It is resorted 
 to for mud baths. Observe be¬ 
 yond it 1 . a Gothic cross, erected 
 to commemorate the parting of 
 the Queen of Bavaria with her 
 son Otho, on his first departure 
 for Greece, 1833. 
 
 The Wendelstein (6065 ft.) is 
 seen S. 
 
 7 m. Rosenheim Junct. Stat. (Inns: 
 Goldene Traube, clean; Alte 
 Post, dirty.) Flourishing town, 
 2000 inhab., charmingly situated 
 near junction of the Mangfall with 
 the Inn. 
 
 Extensive salt - works, brine 
 
 brought in pipes 42 miles from 
 Reichenliall. Exquisite I'leiw from 
 the ScJdossgarten, E. of town. 
 
 [Rly. to Innsbruck branches 
 off S., ascending the valley of the 
 lull. Rte. 189.] 
 
 Our rail crosses the Inn, passes 
 Stephanskircli stat, and skirts 
 the 
 
 Simsee, a small lake, before 
 reaching 
 
 Endorf Stat. (clean Inn), thenlOf m. 
 sweeps S. to 
 
 Prien Stat. (Inn: Kronprinz), 4 ^ m. 
 20 mm. walk from Stock on the 
 
 Chiemsee. The largest lake in 
 Bavaria, 12 m. long, 9 m. broad, 
 flat on its northern shores, but ^ 
 
 backed by grand mountains at ' 
 some distance on its southern. . ' 
 
 There are three islands, one still 
 occupied by a nunnery, and with 
 a clean Inn. Lake noted for fish 
 (a steamer starts from Stock). 
 
 Bernau Stat. succeeds, and then 
 
 TTehersee Stat., about opposite 6 m. 
 the middle of the lake. 
 
 Bergen. 6 m. 
 
 Traunstein Stat. (Iniis; Hirsch,3| m. 
 very good; Post, ditto; both in " ' 
 
 great square). 3000 inhab., in a '1 
 pretty situation overlooking the 
 Traun (Bavarian). Salt-works; the 
 brine as at Rosenheim, brought 
 down from Reichenhall, 21 m. 
 off. To the E. there now appear 
 the Salzburg mts., Hohe Gull, 
 and Untersherg. 
 
 [Romantic road turns off here 
 S. by Inzell for Reichenhall, &c., 
 
 Rte. 185 a]. Traversing a wooded 
 broken country, and passing Lau- 
 ter Stat., the line reaches 
 
5^1 
 
 185 h.—MUNICH to BEEGHTE8GABEN 
 
 22 
 
 llfm, Teisendorf Stat,, where the 
 grand amiohitheatre of mts. about 
 Salzburg begins to open S., the 
 most remarkable being the Un- 
 tersberg. 
 
 7 m. Freilassing is the last place 
 in Bavaria (Custom-house). 
 
 The Saalach descending from 
 Beicbenball, and sej)arating Ba¬ 
 varia from Austria, is here crossed, 
 and then the Salzach, flowing from 
 the distant Pinzgau, through the 
 picturesque town of 
 
 m. Salzburg (Passports required). 
 {Inn: Nelboeck’s, very comfort¬ 
 able, near the Stat. SeeKte. 195. 
 
 Rte. 185 A. — MUNICH to 
 BERCHTESGADEN and SALZ¬ 
 BURG, by TRAUNSTEIN and 
 REICHENHALL. 
 
 MUNICH to 
 
 EKG. M. 
 
 Traunstein . 71 
 Reicheiihall . 26! 
 
 'EKG. M, 
 
 Berclitesgaden 12 
 Salzburg . .15 
 
 I24i 
 
 Rail (see Rte. 18 5) to Traunstein. Post¬ 
 road thence; stellwagen to Keichenhall. 
 
 By the detour of 2 or 3 days 
 here described, travellers may 
 visit the principal scenes which 
 
 make the neighbourhood of Salz¬ 
 burg so attractive, and resume 
 the liy. route to Vienna at that 
 city. 
 
 From Traunstein the road 
 ascends the 1 . banlt of the Traun 
 Eiver to 
 
 Siegsdorf. (For a pedestrian 4 m. 
 hither is a shady path by the rt. 
 bank of the river, i hr.) Two 
 streams meet here, the Weisse 
 Traun, W., and Rothe Traun, 
 
 E. The rd. crosses the first, 
 and ascends the 1. bank of the 
 second (fine view from ch. of 
 Maria Ech, S.W.). 
 
 [The valley of the ‘Wliite 
 Traun is named the Miesenbacli- 
 tlial. At 2 hrs. distance is Ruh- 
 polding, where the valley bifur¬ 
 cates ; in branch to rt. flows 
 the See Traun from two small 
 lakes, whence the Tyrol frontier 
 is soon reached. That to the 
 1. is named the FischbacMhal. 
 
 At its head are two fine water¬ 
 falls, and a path over to Unken, 
 on Reichenhall road. See Rte. 
 
 229.] 
 
 The Rothe, or Bavarian Traun, 
 is lined by enormous stacks of 
 fire-wood collected from weirs in 
 the stream for use of the salt¬ 
 pans. 
 
 Inzell. {Inn: Post, fair.) Near 12 m 
 this is the great reservoir for the 
 brine pumped up from Reichen¬ 
 hall, and the brine-pipes are 
 seen carried high up the moun¬ 
 tain’s side. From the Eauschberg, 
 
 S.W. of Inzell, is a fine panorama. 
 
 Beyond Inzell begins the aseent 
 of a Pass of most romantic beauty, 
 the Traun rushing in a cleft far 
 out of sight below (fine backward 
 view). The gorge, well wooded 
 and walled in by grand and pre- 
 
23 
 
 me. nG.~MUNICII to INNSBmCK 
 
 24 
 
 cipitous rocks, readies its height 
 of grandeur at 
 
 Mauthhausel, a solitary Inn 
 on the descent, shortly beyond 
 which the road falls into that 
 between Innsbruck and Salzburg; 
 and turning 1 . the Thumsee, a 
 small lake, is passed, and the 
 old castle Karlstein, before reach¬ 
 ing 
 
 104 111- Reichenhall. (Inn: Post, 
 "good.) See Kte. 229. Instead 
 of proceeding hence direct to 
 Salzburg, it is well worth while 
 to make the detour by Berch- 
 tesgaden, the loveliest spot in 
 Bavaria. The rd. passes 1 . an 
 Austrian castle (frontier here 
 close at hand); ascends, through 
 beautiful woods, the 
 
 Hallthurm (salt tower) Pass 
 (2224 ft.), named from the Gothic 
 gateway which once closed the 
 valley. It then skirts the base of 
 the Untersberg on the 1 ., and de¬ 
 scends, winding round to the 1. 
 with exquisite views, to 
 
 12 m. Berchtesgaden. For this place, 
 and the necessary excursion to 
 the Konigssee (4 hrs. there and 
 back), see Kte. 199. It is a 
 charming drive to 
 
 15 m. Salzburg. Ete. 195. 
 
 Rte. 186.— MUNICH to INNS¬ 
 BRUCK, by LAKE of STAEN- 
 BEEG and PARTENKIE- 
 CHEN. 
 
 MUNICH to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Starnberg. . 15 
 
 Partenkirchen 45 
 
 Innsbruck 
 
 eng. m. 
 . 42! 
 
 t I02i 
 
 Trains in i hr. to Starnberg, by Augs¬ 
 burg rail to Pasing Junct., and thence by 
 a branch line. The rest is post and dili¬ 
 gence road, unless the traveller prefers to 
 take the steamer on lake and rejoin the 
 road further on (see below). 
 
 One of the most direct routes 
 between Munich and Innsbruck, 
 and, where it crosses the Alps, 
 of great antiquity. Interesting 
 and striking in scenery. 
 
 Munich, by Augsburg line, 
 which crosses the Wurm to 
 
 Pasing Junction. Line, turn-qa m. 
 ing S., ascends 1 . bank of the 
 Wurm, chiefly through forests, 
 to 
 
 Starnberg (Imis all bad: 12 £m 
 Post, dear; Bellevue), at N. end 
 of lake of that name, called also 
 Wurmsee. Lovely view. 
 
 Starnberg See is about 16 m. 
 long and 5 broad. Its low but 
 picturesque shores, scattered over 
 with villas, castles, and villages, 
 and the grand outline of the 
 Bavarian and Tyrolese Alps 
 
2o 
 
 Bte. ISQ.—MUNICH to INNSBRUCK, 
 
 26 
 
 stretching along the S. horizon, 
 form a charming scene. 
 
 „ 1:4 small steamer nins in i^- hr. to 
 Seeshaupt, at the S. extremity (^Inn anc 
 capital fish dinner), and thence a carriage 
 may be hired for Mittenwald, m. on 
 the Innsbruck road, taking the two beau¬ 
 tiful lakes, the Kochelsee and Walchensee 
 on the way. See Rte. 187. Stellwagen 
 run also daily to the Kochel See, as also 
 to Partenkirchen and Mittenwald.] 
 
 From Starnberg the post-rd. 
 leaves the lake on the 1., ascend¬ 
 ing through park-like sceneiy the 
 
 9 m. Hirschberg. From summit, a 
 little oif rd. to rt., is a fine view 
 of the A mmersee, W. 
 
 Tjm. Weilheim. [Inn: Post, toler¬ 
 able). On the Ammer ; 3000 
 Inhab. (Post omnibus from this 
 to Fiissen.) 
 
 (Peisenberg, 3246 ft., a hill 6 m. 
 S.W. from Weilheim, is worth as¬ 
 cending for its panoramic view,) 
 
 A pleasing country succeeds. 
 The road passes between the 
 lakes Riegsee E., and Staffelsee 
 W., shortly before reaching 
 
 13 ni. Murnau [Inn: Post, clean.), 
 large vill. on a hill in front of 
 an ampliitheatre of mts. Feather 
 ornaments made here. 
 
 Ed. now reaches the Loisach, 
 passes through a great marsh, 
 and, keeping on 1. bank, ascends 
 the Loisach Thai. The Wetter- 
 stein and Zug Spitze seen in front. 
 
 10 m. Oberau. Gypsum quarries. 
 
 [To the rt. a rd. branches otf 
 into the Ammergau. It passes, 
 after a steep ascent, 2 m., the sup¬ 
 pressed convent of Ettal, founded 
 by Emp. Lewis, now a brewery ; 
 note church. Ober Ammergau, 
 
 2 m. further, in beautiful Vale 
 of Ammer, is famous for the 
 
 miracle-play performed by the 
 peasants every 10 years. Last 
 performance was in i860. See 
 Handbook 8. Germany.^ 
 
 Castle of Werdenfels is seen to 
 rt. in approaching 
 
 Partenkirchen [Inn: Post, 51 m. 
 clean and comfortable), an ancient 
 town [Parthenum) on the old 
 trading rd. between Augsburg 
 and Venice, not interesting in 
 itself, but in a romantic situation 
 among high mts. Good view in 
 10 min. from St. Anthony’s 
 Chapel. 
 
 Excursions. —(a) Ascent of Zng 
 Spitze, S.W. (9716 ft.), highest mt. 
 in Bavaria, standing on the fron¬ 
 tier of Tyrol, is made from here : 
 provisions required for 2 days. 
 
 To the Knorrhiitte, at head of the 
 Eainthal, 10 hrs., where sleep; 
 thence, 3 hrs., to the summit : 
 arrange it for sunrise. View is 
 quite extraordinary for extent, 
 including Mont &anc, Orteler 
 Spitze, Dolomites of S. Tyrol, 
 and mts. of Salzburg. 
 
 [b.) The Alpspitze (8647 ft.)? 
 lower, and nearer Partenkirchen, 
 requires 8 or 9 hrs. Ascend by 
 way of the Stuiben Alp, in the 
 Eainthal, the latter full of fine 
 scenery. 
 
 (c.) The Eibsee, under the Zug 
 Spitze, N., offers a fine view of 
 it rising 6500 ft. from level of the 
 lake. Car. road by Garmisch to 
 Ober Grainau (a footpath short¬ 
 ens distance). A path over a 
 wooded ridge leads to the lake, 
 which has several islands, and 
 supports one family of fishermen; 
 take the N. side for the view. 
 
 [d.) The Hollthal opens near 
 Garmisch, and is not inferior to 
 the Eainthal. Go by way of 
 hamlet of Hammersbach, and 
 
27 
 
 Bte. m.—31VmCTI io INNSBBUCK. 
 
 28 
 
 obtain a guide. The track is 
 steep and difficult along the 
 Waxenstein side, and ends in j;he 
 Asterfelder Alp. 
 
 (e.) The Kainzenhad, 2 m. S. 
 of Partenkirchen. Sulphureous 
 springs much frequented. 
 
 [A rd. branches off W. by 
 Garmisch to Lermoos, ascending 
 the Loisach, and working round 
 the roots of the Zug Spitze.J 
 Eoad makes a long stretch E. 
 to reach 
 
 12 m. Mittenwald. {Inn: Post.) 
 Old village situated upon the 
 Isar, with curiously - painted 
 houses ; 1700 Inhab., all busy in 
 manufacture of violins (15 to 
 20 fl. apiece), guitars, &c. 
 
 [Road from Walchen See and 
 Kochel See, N., comes in here. 
 Rte. 187.] 
 
 Beyond this is only a “ Post Coiirier,” 
 carrying two persons, 
 
 The road now turns S, to as¬ 
 cend the 
 
 Pass, used by the Romans, and 
 extensively in the middle ages. 
 
 5 m. Scharnitz {Scarhia of the 
 Romans) is the first place in Tyrol. 
 Fortress built against the Swedes 
 in Thirty Years’ War. Taken, 
 after desperate defence, by Ney 
 in 1805, and demolished. 
 
 [Isar issues from a valley to 
 
 7 m. Seefeld. {Inn ; Post.) Summit 
 of Pass (3899 ft.); grand scenery. 
 Bituminous slate-quarries in Rei¬ 
 ter Joch, E.; rich in fish fossils. 
 
 A steep, winding descent. Just 
 before dropping into valley of the 
 Inn is picturesque castle of Fra- 
 genstein, hunting lodge of Emp. 
 Max. Glorious views, including 
 
 the Stubay glaciers, before reach¬ 
 ing 
 
 Zirl; hence to 9 
 
 Innsbruck. See Rte. 212. 9 
 
 Rte. 187.—MUNICH to INNS¬ 
 BRUCK, by BENEDICTBEU- 
 ERN and the LAKES of KO¬ 
 CHEL and WALCHEN. 
 
 MUNICH to 
 
 EKG. M. 
 Benedictbeuern j 6 
 Wallersee . . 14 
 
 Mittenwald . 14 
 
 ENG. ir, 
 
 Innsbruck. . 
 
 97 
 
 Post-rd. No diligence, but stell- 
 wagen to Benedictbeuern. 
 
 This route, keeping a little to 
 the E. of the previous one, and at 
 length falling into it, “cannot 
 be too highly praised.’' It owes 
 its chief beauty to the two pictur¬ 
 esque lakes by which it passes; 
 a mode of connecting which with 
 Rte. 186 has been already given. 
 The first portion is flat and tame. 
 
 From Munich the Starnberg 
 post-road is followed to 
 
 Sendling, where it diverges to 
 the Isar, along the 1 . bank of 
 which it runs, through 
 
29 
 
 30 
 
 Rte. ISS.—MUNICH to INNSBRUCK. 
 
 10 m. Bayerbrunn, where are ruins 
 of an old castle, and among 
 forests in which Claude Lorrain 
 studied, past 
 
 Schaftlarn, once a convent, 
 now a lodging-house, to 
 
 9 m. Wolfrathshausen {Inn: indif¬ 
 ferent and dear), a pretty village 
 at junction of the Loisach with 
 the Isar (Lake of Starnberg 4 m. 
 W.: see Ete. 186). The foot of 
 the mts. is reached at 
 
 17 m. Benedictbeuern. {Inns: Lion, 
 I m. before reaching it, good ; 
 Post, ask for Renchen, a capital 
 fish.) The wealthy and cele¬ 
 brated monastery here, founded 
 740, was turned into a stud-house, 
 j8i8. There is a glass-manufac- 
 toiy, originally established by 
 Frauenhofer, and stained-glsss for 
 windows equal to those of 15 th 
 centy. are manufactured by Mr, 
 Franks. 
 
 4 m. Kochel {Inn, tolerable) vill. 
 at foot of the Benedictwand, E,, as¬ 
 cended from here; immense view 
 over Bavaria. Close by is the 
 
 Xochelsee, a picturesque lake, 
 
 3 m. long, shaped like a horse¬ 
 shoe ; has been compared to 
 Loch Katrine; abounds in fish. 
 On opjDosite shore is priory of 
 Schleedorf. 
 
 Leaving the lake to rt., the 
 road ascends the ridge of the 
 
 Zesselberg, and immediately 
 descends, with a fine view, uj)on 
 the 
 
 Walchensee, or Wallersee 
 {Lacus Vallensis), 662 ft. higher 
 than the Kochelsee, a romantic 
 and very solitary scene, dark, un¬ 
 
 broken forest clothing the wild 
 nits, around. Capital fishing. 
 
 The lienchen is the best fresh- 
 Avater fish eaten. The rd. keeps 
 W. shore to 
 
 Wallersee village. {Inn: Post.iOm. 
 good sleeping-place, clean but 
 small.) Eoad leaves the lake at 
 its S. corner, and still ascends till 
 beyond 
 
 Wallgau it again reaches the 
 banks of the Isar, now a mt. tor¬ 
 rent, and presently joins the 
 preceding route just before 
 reaching 
 
 Mittenwald (see Ete. 186), 14 m. 
 thence to 
 
 Innsbruck. Ete, 212, 31 m. 
 
 Rte. 188 .— MUNICH to INNS¬ 
 BRUCK, by the TEGEENSEE, 
 the BATHS of KREUTH, and 
 the ACHENSEE. 
 
 MUNICH to 
 
 EKG. M, 
 
 Holzkjrchen. 22I 
 Tegernsee . 12 
 Baths of Kreuth 7 
 Achenthal vill. 14 
 
 EXG. Jr, 
 
 Jenbach . .13 
 
 Innsbruck . 24 
 
 921 
 
 Rly. as far ns Holzkirchen, 14 hr. 
 where a Voiturier will wait with car¬ 
 riage, if arranged for at Munich, It is a 
 post-road the whole distance, but not 
 
31 
 
 Rte. US.-MUNICH to INNSBRUCK 
 
 32 
 
 many horses are kept at Achenthal. 
 Rly. again at Jenbach, in valley of the 
 Inn. Eilwagen daily in summer from 
 Holzkirchen to Kreuth, by Tegernsee, m 
 4 hrs.; and in summer Stellwagen daily 
 from Kreuth to Jenbach, whence rail to 
 Innsbruck. A Voiturier/rom Innsbruck 
 may reach Kreuth in i2 hrs, to sleep, 
 and Holzkirchen the next morning in j or 
 4 hrs., but Achenthal would divide the 
 distance better. Have it clearly under¬ 
 stood whether he is to go on to Munich, 
 or conclude his bargain at Holzkirchen; 
 he will try to be paid for the one, and do 
 the other. 
 
 In beauty of scenery this route 
 perhaps surpasses all between 
 Munich and Innsbruck, and it is 
 besides the shortest. 
 
 From Munich the route is over 
 the monotonous but well-culti¬ 
 vated plains of Bavaria to 
 
 22 ^ m. Holzkirchen Stat. {Inns: Post; 
 Oberer Brau—brewhouse). Tlie 
 Bavarian Alps rising into view 
 now increase in grandeur at every 
 step. 
 
 9 m. Gmund {Inn: good), where the 
 Mangfall flows out of the 
 
 Tegernsee, a pleasant sheet of 
 water, with grand scenery at 
 its southern end. At a sort 
 of coffee-house, shortly before 
 reaching Kaltenbrunn, J hr. W. 
 of Gmund, is one of the finest 
 views of the lake. Bd. keeps 
 along E. shore, passing the an¬ 
 cient ch. of St. Quirinus, a son 
 of the Emp. Philip, 8th centy., 
 to 
 
 3 m. Tegernsee village {Lins: 
 Post, good; Guggenmoos, both 
 on the lake; lodging-houses). 
 A village of some 90 houses, 
 surrounding the Palace of Te¬ 
 gernsee, formerly a rich Bene¬ 
 dictine convent, possessing the 
 
 remains of St. Quirinus, dating 
 from 8th centy. It was governed 
 by abbots for more than 1000 
 years, sequestrated in 1803, and 
 converted into a royal summer 
 residence; belongs now to Prince 
 Chas. of Bavaria. View from the 
 Parapluie, up the hill behind it, 
 commands the whole lake. Walks 
 in the neighbourhood very nume¬ 
 rous : in the Rottaelithal, S.E., are 
 3 waterfalls, that of the Boden 
 Alp the finest, hr. from Eott- 
 ach, where is a good Inn. With 
 this excursion can be combined 
 the ascent of the Wallhurg (5778 
 ft.), from which the lake and 
 its environs are fully displayed. 
 Guide necessary. A good climber 
 may proceed thence by the Wall- 
 hurger Alp to the Setzberg, and 
 over the Alp of that name to the 
 Risserkogl (5971 ft.), and descend 
 by the Ableithen and Scheyrer 
 Alps into the Eangenauerthal. 
 
 It is not only the highest peak of 
 the district, ‘but offers the finest 
 point of view : Munich is visible 
 N., the snowy Central chain S. 
 
 [E. of Tegernsee 8 m. is the 
 smaller but still more beautiful 
 SchUcTsee. Footpath thither di¬ 
 rect over the low ridge of hills 
 (Kreuzberg Alp,) hrs. Car¬ 
 riage-road by Gmund and Mies- 
 bach a long detour. On island 
 in the midst is the Hunger-tower, 
 with legend. Bte. 188 A.] 
 
 Delightful road through a 
 wooded valley, the Weisachthal, 
 hemmed in more and more by 
 mountains, to 
 
 Kreuth {Inn: Dorf Kreuth, 7 
 good). 
 
 [Further on, 2 m. and a little 
 to 1 . of road are Kreuth Baths, 
 now belonging to Prince Chas. 
 of Bavaria. {Inn: Post; also the 
 
Rte. l^S.—MUNIGH to INN8BBVCK. 
 
 84 
 
 Bath-house, large, good, and 
 reasonable—200 beds—taritf for 
 everything, a resident physician 
 and government director ; several 
 lodging-houses). A fashionable 
 watering-place, often frequented 
 by the royal family and thronged 
 June and July, beautifully situ¬ 
 ated on a green upland lawn, 
 3000 ft. above the sea, and at foot 
 of high forest-clad mountains. 
 Water is medicinal, used both 
 for drinking and bathing. The 
 Molkenhur, an application of goat’s 
 whey, and theKrduterJeur, relying 
 on an infusion of herbs, are both 
 considered efficacious remedies. 
 Miles of footpaths. 
 
 Excursions.~a. The Planberg, 
 a ridge 3 m. long and often hardly 
 3 ft. wide, S. of Kreuth, offers an 
 extremely fine 2^ctnoramic view 
 over mts. of Tyrol and jrlains ot 
 Bavaria. 
 
 h. The Konigs or Kaltenhrunn 
 Alj), S.W., and thence to the 
 summit of the Schildemtein 
 (6370 ft.), which commands the 
 course of the Isar, and shows both 
 the Tegern and Achen Lakes, and 
 the Zillerthal snow-peaks. 
 
 c. The Kaiser Klause, 10 m. 
 distant, a huge timber sluice, now 
 abandoned for one lower down, 
 Rte. 188 A.] 
 
 La Scolastica, by the Lake,’ ex¬ 
 cellent trout) consists of scattered 
 houses, extending ij m. in a 
 cheertul Alpine landscape. 
 
 (Boats for carriages as Avell as passen¬ 
 gers may be hired here, but choose calm 
 weather.) 
 
 Achensee (3065 ft.), a dark2ni. 
 blue romantic lake, 2488 ft. 
 deep. Mountains ’often covered 
 with snow surround it, and lofty 
 precipices rise from its E. shore. 
 
 The road passes at their foot, 
 often on a mere shelf where the 
 rock overhangs, and winding 
 round many promontories. Snow 
 peaks of the Zillerthal in view 
 S. The Renclien of this lake the 
 best. 
 
 At Buchau, S. end of the lake, 6 m. 
 some of the monks of Schwaz, 
 to whom the fishing of the lake 
 belongs, reside during summer. 
 (Travellers the contrary way may 
 hire boats here.) 
 
 A very steep descent down a 
 narrow defile leads to 
 
 Jeiibach vill. and rly. stat.Sm. 
 for Innsbruck. (J?nz: Bran, pretty 
 fair. 
 
 The rd. now bears W. and 
 makes a continual gradual ascent, 
 turning short round again at 
 
 8 m. Stuben, Bavarian Custom¬ 
 house; at 
 
 Kaiserswache is the Austrian 
 ditto, at the head of the Achen 
 Thai, here a narrow defile. 
 
 3 m. Achen Thai vill. {Inns: Post, 
 near ch., of clean country sort; 
 iip. Tyr. & Aljis. 
 
 Horses kept to assist carriages going 
 N. as far as the lake, or 2 hrs. ascent. 
 
 Tariff, 2 horses Jenbach to Achenthal, 
 
 4 fl. io Bav.) 
 
 View of the noble valley of 
 the Inn here opens out; the 
 rd. (from which that to the stat. 
 turns off), descending to 1. bank of 
 river, passes Castle of Tratzberg 
 and Benedictine Convent of Vieclit, 
 crossing at length by a wooden 
 bridge to 
 
 Schwaz {Inn: Post). SeeSni, 
 Rte. 229 A. 
 
 Volders, a little beyond this, 9 J m. 
 
 c 
 
36 
 
 35 ’ Rte. 188 k.~mNICH to INNSBRUCK. 
 
 rd. crosses the river by a new 
 stone bridge, passes through 
 
 Hall, and crosses by a hand¬ 
 some suspension bridge to 
 
 91m. Innsbruck. Etc. 212. 
 
 Rte. 188 A. — MUNICH to 
 INNSBRUCK, by MIESBACH, 
 the SCHLIERSEE, and KUF- 
 STEIN. 
 
 MUNICH to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 Miesbacli (li.) 32^ 
 Schliersee _ . 5 
 
 ENG. If. 
 
 Kufstein . . 24.I 
 
 Innsbruck (rl.) 42I 
 
 104! 
 
 Branch rly. from Holzkirchen to Mies- 
 bach; country road to Kufstein. 
 
 Interesting chiefly to tliose wlio 
 like wandering by unusual tracks 
 ' through picturesque country; and 
 aft'ording a cross cut into the 
 Innsbruck and Salzburg road. 
 
 Munich by Salzburg lino to 
 
 22 |m. Holzkirchen Junct., whence a 
 branch line by Darching and 
 Thalam, in the valley of the 
 Mangfall, ascends its tributary 
 the Scldierach, to 
 
 10 in. Miesbach (Inn: Post). Ch. 
 has a picture of the school of 
 
 Rubens, and a crucifix sculptured 
 by Boos. The Castle of Wallen- , 
 
 hurg, the Herzberg, and the Sta- 
 delberg, otfer points of view. 
 
 [Road W. to Gmund, on the 
 Tegernsee.] Ascending the ; 
 
 Schlierach, the 
 
 Schliersee is reached (Inns: 5 111. 
 Orterer’s; Zur Fischerliesel, ex¬ 
 cellent as head-quarters). A 
 small but very picturesque lake, 
 the Lacus Silurnus of the Ro¬ 
 mans, so called from its, at that 
 time, containing abundance of the 
 silurus or catfish: none now in 
 the lake. Upon an islet is the 
 Hunger-tower, wherein a knight, 
 returning from the Holy Laud, 
 starved to death his faithless 
 wife. The ruins of the castle of 
 Hohenwaldeck on the hills to 
 the E. 
 
 [Path over the Gindl Alp W. 
 to Tegernsee, as also by the 
 Kreuzberg, more to S.] 
 
 Fischhausen village, at the S. 
 end of lake. 
 
 From this point 2 routes to the 
 Inn Thai are open to the tra¬ 
 veller : 
 
 a. By a country road tiuning 
 E. to 
 
 Aurach, and then ascending 4 ni. 
 the Leitzach Thai to J 
 
 Baierisch Zell, a vill. in the 6 m. 
 midst of mountain scenery and 
 directly S. of the Wendlstem (6065 - 
 
 ft.\ which can be ascended from 
 this point, and commands a grand 
 view over the Bavarian plain. 
 Turning now S., the rd. ascends a 
 low pass, crosses 
 
 Frontier of Tyrol, and descends 5 m. * 
 by 
 
MW 
 
 37 
 
 Bte. imB.—MUNICH to INNSBRUCK. RAIL. 
 
 38 
 
 1 m. Landl, into the Thiersee Thai, 
 turning E., the stream of which 
 joins the Inn at Kiefersfelcten, 
 and marks there the/ro?zt/er. Our 
 rd. after jiassing the small lake 
 and village of 
 
 4 m. Thiersee, leaves the valley, 
 turning S. round the base of 
 the Pendling Berg, and descends 
 to 
 
 4 ni. Zell, directly opposite 
 
 Jm. Kufstein, a cross cut thence 
 into the road to Salzburg, Bte. 
 229, or rail (Bte. 189), to 
 
 m. Innsbruck. ’ 
 
 h. By a mountam path turning 
 S. a little before reaching Aurach 
 up the 
 
 Joseph’s Thai, where the tor¬ 
 rent makes several cascades, and 
 between the Nagl Spitz E., and 
 the Breicheu Spitz W., to the 
 
 2 hrs. Spitzingsee, whose stream 
 flows towards the Inn. Follow¬ 
 ing this, which, after receiving a 
 stream from the W., takes the 
 name of the Achen, a narrow 
 defile is reached, in which was 
 formerly the famous 
 
 3 hrs. Kaiser Klause, an enomious 
 dam or sluice for retaining timber 
 logs in a sort of artificial lake till 
 the spring floods allowed of their 
 descent and the sluice-gates were 
 opened—a sight of great interest. 
 This is now abandoned; but, 
 after passing the frontier of Tyrol 
 immediately below there is at a 
 distance of 
 
 ihr. the E. H. Johann’s Klause, 
 constructed by the Archduke of 
 
 that name in 183 7, and where the 
 same process may be observed. 
 
 Near it are a chapel and house 
 in the Italian style. Below tbi« 
 the stream enters the Branden- 
 berg Thai, and the rd. j^assing a 
 valley on rt. (in which is Steih- 
 3 hrs., and a path to the 
 Achen See. Bte. 188) reaches 
 
 Brandenberg, the chief vill. 4 hrs. 
 The track descends by vill. of 
 
 Maria Thai, into valley of2 hrs. 
 the Inn, and crosses to 
 
 Brixlegg Stat., near town of ^ hr. 
 Rattenherg. Bail to 
 
 Innsbruck, Bte. 189. 24 m. 
 
 Rte. 188 E (229 A in ‘S.Germ. 
 Handbook — MUNICH to 
 INNSBEUCK (Eail), by EO- 
 SENHEIM, KUFSTEIN, 
 ^ SCHWAZ, and HALL. 
 
 MUNICH to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Hosenheim . 471- 
 Kufstein . .21 
 
 Jenbach (for 
 ZillerThal) 2J| 
 
 2 trains daily, in 7 to 9 hrs., along the 
 Munich and Salzburg line as far as Eo- 
 senheim, thence diverging to ascend the 
 valley of the Inn. 
 
 This is the quickest route to 
 Innsbruck, and after Bosenheim 
 becomes very beautiful. 
 
 c 2 
 
 eng. m. 
 
 Innsbruck . 19 
 
 iiii 
 
39 
 
 Rte. MUNICH to INNSBRUCK. RAIL. 
 
 40 
 
 Munich. See Ete. 185, to 
 
 47 ^m. Rosenheim Jimetion. {Inn: 
 Goldene Traube, in town, to 
 min.) Line erosses the Mang- 
 fall, and then ascends the 1. bank 
 of the Inn, uninteresting in its 
 lower course. 
 
 34 m. Rauhling Stat. The walled 
 town of Neubaiern is seen on 
 rt. bank. Castle on hill above. 
 
 4 ^ ni. Erannenherg Stat. Entrance 
 to the hills—pretty scenery, 
 Castle of Count Palavicini, rt., 
 overlooks the valley. [The 
 WendeUtein, S.W. (6065 ft.), 
 
 eommanding the plain, can be 
 ascended from this in 4 hrs.; 
 rather difficult.] 
 
 Near Fischbach, ruined castles 
 of Falkenstein and Kirnstein are 
 seen in succession rt. 
 
 7 |m. Oberaudorf, 
 
 3Jm. Kiefersfelden, the last Bava¬ 
 rian vill. In defile close to the 
 frontier is a chapel erected in 
 honour of his son Otho, by King 
 Ludwig. At intervals the peaks 
 of the dolomite Kaisergehirge 
 are seen in the background 
 on 1. 
 
 2 J m. Kufstein Stat. Change trains: 
 passports wanted (?). Town and 
 fortress on opposite (rt.) banli; 
 of Inn. {Inns: Post; Hirsch.) 
 Modern detached forts on both 
 banks. The ancient stronghold, 
 now a state prison, is on the top 
 of a rock. In 1502 it was taken 
 by Maximilian, who hanged the 
 Bavarian commandant. It was 
 the only place retained by the 
 French after Hofer’s rising in 
 1809. View is fine, but entrance 
 is no longer permitted. The 
 
 Calvary, § m., offers a View of 
 easy access. 
 
 In a few miles the rly. crosses 
 to rt. bank, near Kirchhiihl Stat., 
 and soon reaches 
 
 Wdrgl Stat {Inn: Post, an old91 
 house, but can give a good trout 
 dinner). The IloheSalve (5 96 9ft.), 
 easily accessible, affords a fine 
 excursion for its view, one of the 
 most striking in Tyrol. (For 
 description see Ete. 299, 
 
 [The post-road from Salzburg, 
 Ete. 229, falls in here, and a 
 new id. leads hence into the 
 Pinzgau, Ete. 234.] 
 
 Kundl Stat. On the post- 4 f 
 road 1 . towards Eattenberg is the 
 solitary chapel of St. Leonhard 
 (date 1500), peculiar example of 
 late Gothic. Curious S. door¬ 
 way, pillars in the interior, 
 pulpit, and stalls. 
 
 Eattenberg. {Inn: Lederer- 
 brau). A dirty tow, full of 
 smelting-houses, and with no 
 good Inn. 1000 Inhab. con¬ 
 cerned in silver and copper- 
 mines. An old castle above. 
 
 Brixlegg Stat. {Inns: Juden-4| 
 wirth; Ilerrenhaus) ; more mines 
 and smelting-houses. 
 
 [A jToint from which an excur¬ 
 sion can be made S. into the 
 Ziller Thai, but public vehicles 
 run from next stat. Ete, 230.] 
 
 Ely. crosses the river, and is 
 carried through solid rock. On 
 one side an old watch-tower. 
 The most noble and romantic 
 scenery succeeds hence to Inns¬ 
 bruck. View in fine weather 
 closes in the distance with the 
 glaciers of the Stubay and Oetz- 
 thal. To the 1 . are passed the 
 pictm’csque inhabited castles of 
 
ate. ISSb.—MUNIGH to INNSBBUCK. BAIL. 
 
 Akitzm, Lichtwer, and the ruins 
 of Kropfsberg. Close to the last 
 the Ziller falls into the Inn. Vieiv 
 of the Ziller Thai Mts. at head 
 of the valley. 
 
 4 fin. Jenhach Stat. (Bm: Bran), at 
 mouth of Achenthal, up which 
 runs the beautiful road to Munich 
 by Kreuth (Ete. i88). 
 
 [By a bridge across the river 
 the vill. of Strass (Post, clean 
 Inn), at the entrance of the 
 Ziller Thai, is reached. This 
 picturesque valley is described 
 Ete. 230. Omnibus meets the 
 afternoon trainj 
 Near Jenbach, 1. bank of Inn, 
 is the huge Chateau of Tratzberg. 
 Opposite (rt. bank) is a Bene- 
 dictine Convent on a height. A 
 great tobacco manufactory is seen 
 on approaching 
 
 4 | m. Schwaz Stat {Inn : Post). 
 Tovm is on rt. bank. 4500 Pop. 
 Celebrated in the 15 th centy. 
 for its rich silver-mines. These 
 are now exhausted, but several 
 of iron and copper are still pro¬ 
 ductive. Smelting and various 
 manufactures occupy the popula¬ 
 tion. 
 
 Parish C/i., late Gothic, 1502, 
 has a curiously ornamented W. 
 front. Within are some bronze 
 monuments, one by Colin of 
 Mechlin. Town was burnt by 
 the Bavarians with much atro¬ 
 city in 1809. Near Schwaz, E., 
 is ruined castle of Freundberg. 
 
 4 f m. Fritzeiis Stat. 
 
 4 £ra. Hall Stat. {Inns: Krone; 
 Bar), 5000 Inhab.; ancient and 
 smoky town. Eemarkable for 
 its salt-mines and works. (Name 
 derived from aXs, salt, which 
 appears also in J/aZlein, Eeichen- 
 haU, &c.) The Inn is navigable 
 from this point. 
 
 Munzthurm {Mint) is a con¬ 
 spicuous Gothic tower. The Town 
 Bouse is media3val, with a figure 
 of Duke Otto. ■ 
 
 Parish Ch. : has a Christ in 
 wood by A. Diirer; and on outer 
 wall, rt. of W. entrance, is a small 
 monument to Spechbacher, the 
 most skilful leader of the rising 
 of 1809. He died in 1820. Several 
 of his exploits were connected 
 with Hall; three times he seized 
 the bridge over the Inn, and 
 once surprised and took the 
 town, though strongly garri¬ 
 soned. 
 
 [The Salt-mines are 8 m. N.W., 
 at end of the Hall Thai, a wild 
 and narrow ravine. Ed. very steep 
 and bad. Mine can be seen by 
 an order from the office in Hall, 
 and clothes, lights, &c., are pro¬ 
 vided on the spot. Entrance is 
 low and inconvenient, but there 
 are several _ large chambers. 
 Brine is obtained as at Hallein 
 (Ete. 200), and it is conveyed 
 dirough wooden pipes and a suc¬ 
 cession of reservoirs to Hall. 
 Formerly 700 men were em¬ 
 ployed; now the quantity pro¬ 
 duced and the number of la- 
 30 urers is reduced by one-third.J 
 
 The Salzberg, containing the 
 princij3al mines, with bare white 
 precipices, is seen N.W. from 
 Hall. 
 
 Schloss Ambras lies at foot of 
 the hills S. This highly inte¬ 
 resting pile is described Ete. 
 
 212. Ely. crosses the Inn oppo¬ 
 site 
 
 Muhlau, where is a chain 
 bridge near mouth of the Sill, 
 issuing from the Brenner. Bail 
 is carried partly on a wooden 
 viaduct to 
 
 Innsbruck Stat. See Ete. 212. m 
 
SECTION II. 
 
 SALZBURG AND THE SALZKAMMEEGUT. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION. 
 
 Salzburg. Geographical position. — Ilistory. — Scenery .— Salzkam- 
 MERGUT. Situation.—Origin of name,—Physical features. — Salt^ 
 mines. — Salt-ivorhs. 
 
 ROUTE COL. 
 
 195 Salzhurg to Linz and 
 
 Vienna.47 
 
 199 Salzburg to Berchtes- 
 
 gaden and the Konigs- 
 
 SGS • • a a a a^I 
 
 T99ABerchtesgaden to Bad 
 Gastein, by the Stein- 
 erne Meer and Saal- 
 felden.69 
 
 2 00 Salzburg to Bad Gastein, 
 
 by Hallein and Werfen 71 
 
 301 Bad Gastein to Ober- 
 Vellacb, by the Pass of 
 Malnitz , , . . 84 
 
 ROUTE ^ COL. 
 
 202 Bad Gastein to Salzburg, 
 
 by Zell am See and the 
 Mitter Pinzgau . . 88 
 
 203 The Salzkammergut; 
 
 Linz (or Lambach) to 
 Ischl and Aussee, by 
 the Falls of the Traun, 
 and the Lakes of 
 Gmunden and Hall- 
 statt. ..... 92 
 
 204 The Lake of Hallstatt 
 
 to Golling and Salz¬ 
 burg, by Gosau and 
 Abtenau . . . .105 
 
 Sketch op Salzburg and the 
 Salzkammergut. 
 
 No portion of the Alpine region 
 is more thoroughly and delight¬ 
 fully picturesque than that com¬ 
 prised within the two districts of 
 Salzburg and the Salzkainmer- 
 gut. 
 
 Salzburg is a narrow slip of 
 territory watered by the Salzach, 
 interposed between Tyrol (and a 
 small portion of Bavaria) on the 
 W., and Upper Austria and 
 Styria on the E. Originally part 
 of the Roman Noricum, it was 
 
 in 582 A.D. given by the Ba¬ 
 varian Duke Theodore to Rupert, 
 its first bishop, whose successors, 
 made Archbishops 784 a.d., be¬ 
 came Princes of the Empire in 
 996, with an enlarged territory, 
 and a pop. of 200,000, their posses¬ 
 sions sometimes extending below 
 Friesach, in Carinthia. After the 
 secularisation of ecclesiastical 
 territories, Salzburg in 1805 was 
 attached to Austria, and con¬ 
 firmed as such in 1814 by the 
 treaty of Paris. The summits of 
 the Noric Alps, including the 
 two notable peaks, the Gross 
 
45 SALZBUBG, d:G. INTBODUCTOBY INFOJtMATION. 46 
 
 Venediger and Gross Glockner, 
 form its southern boundary, and 
 the valleys penetrating the chain 
 on the Salzburg side offer much 
 fine scenery. To one of them 
 belongs the Kriml waterfall, 
 perhaps the grandest in Europe. 
 Another, the Fusclitlial, is rich in 
 all the higher elements of Alpine 
 scenery. In a third are the cele¬ 
 brated hatlis of Gastein. But 
 the most charming portion of the 
 country is lower down, where the 
 Salzacli forces its way through 
 the romantic pass of Lueg, and 
 where Salzburg sits among its no¬ 
 ble hills. This lower or nortliern 
 portion is dignified by a grand 
 and desolate mass of limestone 
 mountains — the Tminengehirge, 
 itself part of an extensive range, 
 stretching westward as the 
 Steinerne Meer, and eastward 
 as the Daclistein group. The 
 district also contains some lovely 
 lakes, particularly that of St. 
 Wolfgang. 
 
 The Salzkammergut (called 
 the Austrian Switzerland), pop. 
 
 17,000, of which 6ooo are Protes¬ 
 tants, is a corner of the province 
 of Ui^per Austria, thrust in 
 between Salzburg on the W., 
 and Styria on the E., whose 
 famous salt-mines (that article 
 being a government monopoly) 
 are placed under a separate 
 administration^ {Rammer). The 
 whole district is watered by that 
 most charming of streams, the 
 Traun, which, rising in Styria, 
 flows along the base of the Dach- 
 stcin (a mountain block which 
 forms the southern limit of the 
 country), and threads in its lower 
 course the two lalces, exquisite in 
 scenery, of Halhtatt and Traun, 
 or lake of Gmunden. The great 
 picturesqueness of the country 
 
 is due chiefly to the lofty 
 limestone precipices, which rise 
 often without any shore from 
 the waters of the lakes and lake- 
 lets, and to the rich woodland 
 beauty of the valleys, while 
 glimpses of eternal snow among 
 the Daclistein summits are not 
 wanting to give lustre to the land- 
 sca23e. ^ It was a great favourite 
 with Sir PI. Davy, who frequently 
 enlarges upon its loveliness, and 
 says, “ I know of no country more 
 beautiful.” Isehl is the ehief 
 town,^ now a most fashionable 
 watering place, and a constant 
 resort of the Imjierial family. 
 
 The Salt-mines are remarkable 
 objects of interest, both in Salz¬ 
 burg and the Salzkammergut. 
 Those of Plallein in the former, 
 and of Ischl and Hallstatt in the 
 latter district are the chief. The 
 salt rarely occurs as pure rock- 
 salt, as in Cheshire, but is dis¬ 
 persed. in veins and threads, 
 intermingled with bituminous 
 clay, marl, and gypsum. Pits 
 anti galleries are dug to reach 
 these beds. A small chamber is 
 excavated in the midst of the 
 salt, wooden pipes are laid down 
 to it, and from it, and then a 
 mountain stream is turned on, 
 and the outlet being commanded 
 by valves, the water is kept full 
 in the chamber to the ceiling 
 till sufficiently impregnated with 
 salt, and becomes strong brine. 
 The chamber is eontinually en¬ 
 larged by this process, con¬ 
 tinually refloored with clay, &c., 
 and refilled. There will be 30 
 or 40 of such chambers in one 
 mine. The brine when drawn off 
 is conveyed in pipes often a vast 
 distance, for convenience of fuel, 
 to the boiling-houses; sometimes 
 they are carried along the sides of 
 precipices, sometimes through tun- 
 
47 
 
 Rte. ido.SALZBURG to VIENNA. RAIL. 
 
 4 S 
 
 nels, or over deep ravines, and in 
 one instance the brine is forced over 
 two ranges of mountains, by the 
 aid of powerful hydraulic pumps. 
 30, or even 60 miles, is not too 
 great a distance. 
 
 Tlie Salt-worJcs consist of pans 
 or trays of thin iron plates, i ft. 
 deep, 50 or 60 ft. in circumfer¬ 
 
 ence, and supported on pillars of 
 brickwork. The fuel is piled 
 underneath, and a lire kept up 
 for a week or a fortnight together, 
 the salt being removed as fast as 
 it crystallises, and fresh brine 
 added. 100 lbs. of brine ju'oduce 
 about 26 lbs. of salt. 
 
 ROUTES. 
 
 Rte. 195. — SALZBURG to 
 LINZ and VIENNA, by Rail. 
 
 SALZBUBG to 
 
 ENG. 51. 
 
 Laixibach Stat. 54! 
 
 „ 23i 
 
 Linz 
 
 Enns 
 
 Molk 
 
 9 i 
 
 54 f 
 
 ENG. 5r. 
 St. PoltenStat. i6|^ 
 Vienna „ 37^ 
 
 1951 
 
 A night e.xpress in 8 hrs., and a day 
 train in about 12 hrs. 
 
 This rte. skirts tiie Austrian 
 Highlands on the N., and at 
 several points olfers ready means 
 of access to them. Salzburg is, 
 indeed, itself the most immediate 
 and delightful, but Lambacli (for 
 Ischl) is an important station, 
 and Enns and St. Pblten are so 
 in a less degree; while Vienna, 
 beside its intrinsic interest as a 
 great European capital, is a neces¬ 
 sary ^ starting-point for anyone 
 wisliing to penetrate the Austrian 
 Alps on their E. side. Those 
 who can spare time will see more 
 interesting scenery than the rail 
 aftords by taking steamers at Linz, 
 down the Danube to Vienna. 
 
 Salzburg {Inns: de I’Europe, 
 a new, large, but expensive 
 one, near the stat.; Nelboeck’s, 
 between the stat. and tlie town. 
 
 pleasant situation, and very com¬ 
 fortable ; Erzherzog Karl, Gold- 
 nes Schitf, Drei Allirte, all in the 
 town ; 2nd class, Drei Mohren). 
 
 Salzburg {.luvavia of the Ro¬ 
 mans, destroyed by Attila), 
 17,250 Inhab., is most j^ictur- 
 esquely situated on the Salz- 
 ach, where it issues from the 
 mountains, rushing with torrent- 
 speed between two precipitous 
 heights—that on the 1. bank 
 crowned by the castle, that on 
 rt. named after a Capuchin con¬ 
 vent on its brow. It is justly 
 rej)uted the most beautiful spot 
 in Germany. Wilkie compared 
 Salzbm-g to Edinburgh Old Town 
 and Castle, set down amidst the 
 Trosachs, and watered by a river 
 like the Tay. The variety of 
 prospect over hill, mountain, and 
 plain, the numerous footpaths and 
 points of view, the many excur¬ 
 sions that the neighbourhood 
 aftords, contribute to render Salz¬ 
 burg one of the most charming 
 spots that a tourist who delights 
 in natural scenery can desire. The 
 Toion itself is dull. A suburb 
 on the E. side of the river, first 
 passed through, contains Mira- 
 hel,^ once a palace of the arch- 
 bishojis, now a modern building 
 belonging to the EmjD., with a 
 

 
 T>j a 
 
 iiaavniwr 
 
 P 
 
 
 iS'/UVSiSSr 
 
49 
 
 Bte. l^^.—SALZBUna to VIENNA. RAIL. 
 
 50 
 
 public garden promenade. Here 
 Haspinger, the celebrated Tyro¬ 
 lese leader, died a pensioner in 
 1858. From this suburb also, 
 near the bridge, is the entrance 
 to the Capuziner Berg, by a long 
 flight of steps, nothing particular 
 in the convent, but the walk 
 along the edge of the hill affords 
 admu-able views of the town, 
 and the summit (cafe), a glori¬ 
 ous prospect, especially from the 
 point called Stadtplatz, from 
 which the valley of Berchtes- 
 gaden and a long stretch of tliat 
 of the Salzach can be seen. Near 
 the bridge, at a corner house. 
 No. 397, Paracelsus died 1541. 
 His monument is in the Ch. 
 of St. Sebastian. Crossing the 
 Bridge, the principal town hotels 
 are close at hand, and nearly 
 opposite the Drei Allirte, to 
 the rt.. No. 225, Getreide Gasse, 
 Mozart was born 1756; a 
 statue of him by Schwanthaler 
 stands in the centre of St. Mi¬ 
 chael’s Platz, along the street 
 to the 1 . Adjoining this is the 
 Residenz Platz, surrounded by 
 public buildings. Among them 
 are the Residenz Schloss of the 
 Archbishop, now chiefly public 
 offices, and the Neuhau (Picture- 
 gallery) opposite, with a clock- 
 tower, which rings out some of 
 Mozart's airs. Here also are 
 the Post and Telegraph Offices. 
 The Cathedral occupies the S.W. 
 side, vast and imposing, in the 
 Italian style, built 1614 to 1628. 
 Scamozzi s design. Notice the 
 Bronze Lion Font of the 14th 
 centy. In centre of the square 
 is a fine Fountain in marble from 
 the Untersberg. 
 
 Beyond the Cathedral W. is Ch. 
 of St. Peter, with a bad monument 
 to Michael Haydn, whose head is 
 buried there; also the tomb'of St. 
 
 Eupert. Among the ch. treasures 
 is an ancient cup, used when the 
 sacrament was delivered in both 
 kinds to the laity. Adjoining is 
 a vast Benedictine Monastery, 
 with valuable library and col¬ 
 lection of minercds, shown to 
 strangers. Behind the ch. is a 
 singular Cemetery, with many old 
 monuments, and the Chapel of 
 St. Egidius, said to contain the 
 original rock-cut cell of St. Eu- 
 pert. 
 
 The Museum, entered from the 
 Josefs quay, contains many very 
 interesting Eoman and other an¬ 
 tiquities. A helmet, probably 
 Celtic, is unique. Open daily 
 from 10 to 12 a.m., and from i to 
 4 p.m. 
 
 The Castle (Hohensalzburg) is 
 the most striking featm-e of Salz¬ 
 burg, rising, with its many feudal 
 towers, superbly above the town, 
 upon the summit of a lofty rock. 
 It was founded in the nth centy., 
 was during the middle ages the 
 constant residence of the arch¬ 
 bishops, and in after times their 
 frequent place of refuge. One of 
 themwas besieged there during the 
 Peasants’ War, 1520-26. Visitors 
 pay a fee of 20 kr. The greater 
 part of the building serves only as 
 barracks, but the archiepiscopal 
 apartments have been restored 
 to the date of Archbishop Leon¬ 
 hard, 1519. Observe a fine 
 earthenware stove with the de¬ 
 vice of a turnip, that prelate 
 having been the introducer of the 
 root in his principality. In a 
 square tower is the torture-cham¬ 
 ber, with a rack and oubliette. 
 View from the gallery called the 
 Gerichtsthurra is very fine, but 
 the most enchanting prospects are 
 from the 
 
 Monclisberg, a continuation north¬ 
 wards of the castle-hill, precipitous 
 
51 
 
 Rte. m.—SALZBVRa to VIENNA. RATE 
 
 52 
 
 ou the sides, and approachable at 
 two or three points by staircases in 
 the rock. The most immediate 
 access is from the street leading 
 up from the bridge. The sum¬ 
 mit is laid out with winding 
 paths and pleasure-houses, and 
 no one should omit a visit, for 
 the sake of the charming views 
 on all sides. The hill at'a narrow 
 part is pierced by a tunnel, called 
 Das Neue Thor, constructed by 
 the archbishop Sigismund von 
 Sehrattenbach 1767. Near the 
 town end of it is the Riding- 
 school of the Archbishops, with 
 galleries hewn out of the rock, 
 and their stable, now a cavalry 
 barrack. Fulls of rock from the 
 Monchsberg have sometimes been 
 very fatal to the town: a church, 
 convent, many houses, and 300 
 persons, were destroyed in this 
 wayini669. 
 
 The two finest mountain-forms 
 in the Salzburg landscape are,- rst, 
 the Untersherg S. (6459 ft.), noted 
 for its rich marbles, and, according 
 to legend, holding in its caverns 
 Cliarles V. and Charlemagne in 
 a magic sleej): see Ete. 199. 
 (Ascent in 4J or 5 hrs. from Schloss 
 Glanegg— Inn, and omnibus 4 
 times a day from Salzburg. The 
 highest of its 3 summits is that 
 towards Berchtesgaden. Descent 
 can be made on the W. side to 
 the Hallthurm, on the road from 
 Berchtesgaden to Eeichenhall. 
 No water on the mountain). 2ndly, 
 the Hohe Gdll (8265 ft.'', further to 
 the S., on the 1 . Between the 
 two lies the way to Berchtes¬ 
 gaden and the romantic Konigssee, 
 which is the most indispensable 
 of several Excursions round Snlz- 
 burg, and is fully described, Ete. 
 199. The nearer ones are 
 
 (a) Chateau of Aigen, 3 m., on rt. 
 or E. bank of river, reached by a 
 
 new bridge above the town, the 
 Carolinen Brlicke. It belongs to 
 Prince Schwarzenberg; should be 
 visited in a morning. A Eestau- 
 rant at the entrance supplies a 
 guide, 30 kr. The gardens are 
 famous. Carriage to go and return 
 2 fl. 40 kr. The chateau is at the 
 foot of the Gaisberg (4223 ft.). 
 Ascent in 2 hrs. Inn at the Zistel 
 Aim, 700 ft. below the top ; grand 
 panorama, including several 
 mountain-ranges and 7 lakes. 
 
 (6) Chateau Hellbrunn, 3 m. on 
 the Hallein road, has very curious 
 waterworks, which put groups of 
 figures, &c., in motion, con¬ 
 structed by Archbishop Sitticus 
 in 1613 ; now Imperial property. 
 Omnibus from Salzburg every 
 I hr., 10 kr. Eestaurant in |,he 
 grounds. A ferry over the Sal- 
 zacli enables a pedestrian to visit 
 Aigen at the same time. A car¬ 
 riage must go round by 
 
 (c) Hallein, where the Salt-mines 
 are well worth seeing (Ete. 200). 
 
 (d) Maria Plain, a pil. ch. on a 
 hill, 2 J m. N. of Salzburg, on rt. 
 bank of the river, is a fine point 
 of view. 
 
 (e) Kolowrats-Hohle, a curious ' 
 Ice-cavern in the E. slope of the 
 Ge^erec/^;, discovered 1846. Ascent 
 in 2I hrs. from Glanegg to the 
 Oher Resitteralm, and thence in 
 
 I hr. to the entrance. Steigeisen 
 useful. Eopes are placed inside 
 to assist in its exploration. 
 
 The Rly. stat. is f m. N. of the 
 town. Winding in N.E. direc¬ 
 tion, the first stat. on way to 
 Linz is 
 
 Seekirchen, beyond which thcil j 
 rly. skirts the Wallersee, a lake 
 of no great beauty. On its shores 
 are the Convent of Seekirchen, 
 where St. Eupert lived before 
 
life. I^o.—SALZBUIIG to VIENNA. BAIL. 
 
 lie founded Salzburg; chateau of 
 Sieghardtstein, and Schloss See- 
 burg. 
 
 NeumarU Stat. and Strass TVal- 
 cJien Stat. are passed. 
 
 Frankenmarkt Stat.; a cross 
 road hence S. to the Attersee, the 
 largest, but not most beautiful, of 
 the Salzburg hikes. Next follow 
 
 m. Vocklamarkt Stat., Bedl Stat., 
 and Timelkam Stat. 
 
 0 ? m. Vocklabruck Stat. (Inns: Moor, 
 best; Post), a vill. on the Vockla, 
 stream full of grayling. Post¬ 
 road to Isehl, along E. shore of 
 the Altersee, 25 m. Omnibus daily. 
 
 cb. altar-pieces by Sandrart. On 
 opposite side of river, i m. from 
 Lambach, singular pilgrimage Ch, 
 of Baura, dedicated to the Trinity, 
 and built in form of a triangle, 
 with 3 altars, 3 towers, 3 windows, 
 &c., finished 1725. 
 
 [By the branch rly. hence to 
 G^unden, or lake of that name, is 
 the^ rte. to Ischl, and beautiful 
 legion of the Salzkammergut 
 (Rte. 203). This branch is the 
 oldest German rly.] 
 
 Rly.-follows the 1. bank of the 
 Trimn, 
 
 Gunskirchen Stat. Chateau of 2 
 Lichtenegg, seen rt. close to 
 
 2Jm. Attnang Stat. Ely. follows 
 the valley of the Agger, another 
 angling stream. The mountains 
 of the Salzkammergut lie all alono- 
 tlie S. The Traunstein (5537 ft.^ 
 on Lake of Gmunden, is the most 
 conspicuous, like profile of Louis 
 XVI. looking upwards. 
 
 4 fm. Schwannstadt Stat. (Inn: 
 Hirsch), 4 m. S. 
 
 [Near Roitham, and close to 
 the rly., leading from Lambach 
 into the Salzkammergut, are the 
 beautiful/aZ^s of the Traun.l 
 
 Breitenschiitzing Stat. 
 
 7 m. lambach Junction Stat. (Inns: 
 a large and comfortable one at 
 stat., nearly i m. beyond vill. ; 
 Schwarze Rbssel, not very good)* 
 vill. dating from the 8th centy ’ 
 near the junction of the A"o-er 
 with the Traun. Upon an enii- 
 nence above the latter is the 
 stately Benedictine Monastery 
 founded in nth centy., a rich 
 library, collection of engravings, 
 and old German paintings. In 
 
 Weis Stat. (Inn: Der Greif, 4 
 Gnffin,^ decorated with coats of 
 arms of distinguished travellers). 
 Ancient town, 6000 Inhab., still 
 with its old walls. (Roman 
 In the old castle Emp. 
 JMaximilian died ^5 ^9 j also in 
 1690, Prince Charles of Lor¬ 
 raine, distinguished in rescue of 
 Vienna from the Turks. See 
 the old parish ch. and its interost- 
 portal. Protestant ch. near 
 
 stat. 
 
 [18 m. S.S.E. is the vast 
 Ahhey of Kremsmilnster, built in 
 18th, but founded in 8th centy. 
 Valuable Library, rich in MSS. 
 and natural history coll. Obser¬ 
 vatory 8 stories (186 ft.) high. 
 Singular fish preserves, &c.] 
 
 The scenery here becomes mo¬ 
 notonous, passing over the now 
 cultivated Welser Haide. 
 
 Marchtrenh and Horsching StaG. 
 
 Linz Stat. (Inns: noneiG.i 
 very good : Rother Ki-ebs; Erz- “ 
 herzog Karl, close to wharf of 
 Vienna steamers ; Goldener Ad- 
 
55 
 
 Bte. 1 ^^.—SALZBURG to VIENNA. RAIL. 
 
 5 G 
 
 ler, on the Danube; Goldener 
 Lowe, in the Market-place; Ca- 
 none or Stuck, in tlie Land- 
 strasse, near Post-office; all din¬ 
 ners served a la carte). Town 
 beautifully situated on rt. bank 
 of Danube, Avhich is here crossed 
 by a bridge 1700 ft, long. Public 
 buildings not remarkable. 
 
 In the Lmidhaus, a very large 
 building, formerly a convent, the 
 Estates of Upper Austria meet. 
 The Aluseum adjoining has some 
 curious objects of antiquity, &c., 
 and a model of the Salzkammer- 
 gut, Cathedralismodenx (1863), 
 Ilofburg or Sehloss, on a height 
 facing the Danube, now a bar¬ 
 rack, was erected in 1800, on site 
 of the ancient palace of the Aus¬ 
 trian dukes, where our Prince 
 Rupert was once imprisoned, and 
 fell in love with his gaoler’s 
 daughter. The Great Marhet- 
 2)lace is a fine square. The 
 Trinity Column in the centre of 
 it commemorates escape of the 
 town both from the plague and 
 the Turks, There is a small 
 Theatre. The Fortifications of 
 Linz, constructed by Arch. Maxi¬ 
 milian of Este, consist of a chain 
 of detached forts, 32 in number, 
 on a circuit of 9 miles, communi¬ 
 cating only by a covered way, 
 and each consisting of a tower, or 
 series of towers. Permission is 
 given on application to see them. 
 No. T, on the Vienna road, i J m. 
 from the town, is most convenient 
 for the pm’pose. 
 
 Best ^points of View round 
 Linz are,— 1 st. The top of the 
 hill, behind the town, near 
 Jdgermeyers garden, reached by 
 one of the side-streets out of 
 the Landstrasse, making for the 
 Jesuits’ College, and passing 
 through its garden and the fields 
 beyond, to the summit of the hill, 
 
 or, by a flight of steps and foot¬ 
 path from a little above bridge. 
 The town, Danube, and fortifica¬ 
 tions, are here seen to great ad¬ 
 vantage, while the snow-clad 
 chain of the Salzburg and Styrian 
 Alps stretches on the S. as far 
 as the eye can reach. 2nd. 
 The Pbstlingberg, on 1. bank of 
 river, 2 m. from town. View 
 more extensive, but not so in¬ 
 teresting. 3rd. Ch. of St. Mag¬ 
 dalene, reached in 20 minutes by 
 a i-horse car on the Bohemian 
 tramway: fine View. 
 
 liinz is ill the express-train Rte. from 
 Calais via Brussels, Cologne, Mayence, 
 Nuremberg, Eatisbon, Eassau, to Vi¬ 
 enna. From Eatisbon travellers can 
 descend the Danube in a day to Linz, 
 passing through much interesting scenery. 
 
 Not less so is that between Linz and 
 Vienna, 126 m., by water, bteamers 
 every day both ways. See for Danube 
 Handbook S. Germany, Etes. 196 and 197. 
 
 Trains leave Linz for Gmunden, 
 whence steamers and dil. to Ischl, in 
 Salzkammergut, twice a day, in about 
 7 brs. 
 
 The rly. to Vienna (Kaiserin 
 Elizabeth Westhahn) avoids the 
 Danube, except between Ips and 
 Molk, about half-way. It passes 
 
 No. I of the Fort Towers (see 2 m 
 above), and a little beyond 
 
 Klein Mtinchen stat. crosses 1 m 
 the Traun near its junction with 
 the Danube. At Ebelsberg, a 
 little higher up, the bridge was 
 furiously contested against Mas- 
 sena in 1809: 12,000 men fell 
 before the Austrians yielded. 
 Country now rises into hills on rt. 
 
 Asten stat. 2 m. from' the 4 m 
 vill., S.W., is Monastery of St. 
 Florian, the saint famous through¬ 
 out Austria and Bavaria as the 
 extinguisher of fire. It is the 
 oldest monastic foundation in 
 
57 
 
 Rte. SALZBURG to VIENNA. RAIL. 
 
 58 
 
 Austria, having been founded by 
 St. Severinus iu 45 5 ; but the pre¬ 
 sent building is Italian, of the 
 reign of Charles VL, date 1713. 
 It is a palace in extent, with 
 library, picture gallery, frescoed 
 hall, &c.,an ancieiitcryptbeneath. 
 
 21 m. Enns stat. {Inns ; Adler, very 
 good; also Krone, in the square), 
 picturesque little town of 4000 
 Inhab. on 1. bank of the Enns, 
 which divides Upper from Lower 
 Austria, and enters the Danube 
 a little below. It was a Koman 
 stat., and in 304 a.d. the scene of 
 a persecution of the Christians 
 by Galerius, when St. Florian 
 was martyred, being thrown from 
 the bridge into the Enns. His 
 body lies in the monastery named 
 after him,near Asten. The walls of 
 the town were, it is said, built with 
 the ransom paid for Richard 
 Cceur de Lion. The Tower in 
 the market-place was built by 
 Emp. Maximilian. Church con¬ 
 tains many antiquities and old 
 painted glass. Chateau of Count 
 Auersperg is on a height over 
 the river. 
 
 [A post-road ascends by the 
 Enns, and, passing through 
 Steyer, enters the picturesque 
 scenery of Styi-ia at Altenmarkt. 
 Rte. 242.] 
 
 The rly. crosses the Enns into 
 Lower Austria, and takes a S.E. 
 direction away from the Danube 
 and towards the hills. St. Valen¬ 
 tin Stat. and Haag Stat. are 
 passed. 
 
 i m. St. Peter Stat. [A road tra¬ 
 versed by a dil. turns off W. to 
 Steyer. Rte. 242.] 
 
 After Aschbach Stat., the rly. 
 enters the valley of the Ips, 
 which it follows to the Danube. 
 
 14| m. Amstetten Stat. {Inn : Post). 
 
 Country is more interesting. Mu¬ 
 rat here beat the Austrians 1805. 
 fA post-rd. from here crosses 
 into that of the Ennsthal by way 
 of Waidhofen and Weyer."] 
 
 Vassing BlindenmarJct Stat. the 
 line crosses the Ips to 
 
 Kemmelbach stat. {Inn: Gol-91 m, 
 dener Adler), and turning rt. 
 touches the Danube, which, from 
 hence to Molk, enlivens the view 
 N., while the Styrian mountains 
 dignify it on the S. On opposite 
 side of the Danube see Persen- 
 burg, a summer villa of the Emp., 
 and a little further on, the double 
 spires of the pil. ch. of Maria 
 laferl are seen. Krumnusbauin 
 Stat. is passed before reaching 
 
 Pochlarn Stat. One of the 91 m. 
 oldest places in Austria. Rudi¬ 
 ger of Pochlarn is one of the 
 famous heroes of the Niebelun- 
 gen Lied. 
 
 Molk Stat. {Inns: Lamm, nextl^ m. 
 the Post-office, clean; Ochs, 
 the Speisesaal looks over the 
 Danube). The most interesting 
 spot on the Rte. from the great 
 Benedictine Monastery, whicli 
 crowns the rock above the town 
 and river. The present palatial 
 building dates from 1707. In the 
 loth centy. Molk was a strong- 
 liold against the JMagyars, and for 
 a length of time the residence of 
 the Margraves of Austria. Six 
 of them and their wives arc 
 buried in the Church, a very 
 gorgeous building. The Library 
 is magnificent, the Treasury in¬ 
 teresting. The View from the 
 monastery windows is alone worth 
 a visit. Napoleon laid immense 
 contributions on the monies, of 
 which at present there are 20, 
 most of them engaged elsewhere 
 
59 
 
 60 
 
 Rte. 1 <^ 5 .-SALZBTJRG to VIENNA. RAIL. 
 
 as University Professors, &c. Pa~ 
 7 ’ish cli. of the town, 1481, has 
 
 curious monuments and stone¬ 
 work. 
 
 Ely. again leaves the Danube, 
 which turns N. The Styrian 
 Alps fill the S. horizon with 
 great magnificenoe, the Oetscher, 
 beyond IMariazell, being the most 
 conspicuous. Losdorf and Prin- 
 zersdorf Stats, are passed. 
 
 Polten Stat. ; Lowe, 
 good; Hirsch), town of 5000 
 Inhab., on the Traisen, seat of a 
 bishop; name, contraction of St. 
 Hippolytus. [A great road here 
 turns off S. to Mariazell, the “ Lo- 
 retto of Austria, at foot of the 
 Styrian Alps. Ete. 245.] 
 
 The rail crosses the Traisen to 
 
 21 m. Pottenbrunn Stat. Chateau of 
 that name seen to 1 . The chain 
 of hills now entered, stretching 
 from the _ Styrian Alps to the 
 Danube, is called the Wiener- 
 wald. The line passes Poheim- 
 Jdrclien, Kirchstetten, Neidenghach, 
 EocMwinkel, Preshaum Stats.’ 
 when it reaches and follows the 
 small, but unruly, river TFVere, 
 which gives name' to the capital 
 of Austria. 
 
 26 m. Purkersdorf (stat.) is a con¬ 
 siderable vill, with a handsome 
 post-house. 
 
 2Jm. Weidlingau Stat. On 1. is 
 Hadersdorf, once the estate of 
 Gen. Loudon, who lies buried 
 there. The rail crosses the 
 Wien, and skirts the deer and 
 wild-boar park, or Thiergarten, of 
 Schdnhrunn rt. It is a strictly 
 private Imperial preserve. 
 
 2jm. Hutteldorf Stat. Town com¬ 
 posed of villas, gardens, and ta¬ 
 
 verns; a sort of Eichmond for 
 the Viennese. 
 
 Penzing Stat. A little tothe 2 i 
 rt. is the Imperial Palace of 
 Schbnbrunn. 
 
 Vienna Terminus, outside the2i 
 Maria Hilf Lines, thrown up in ^ 
 T703 against the Hungarians. 
 Omnibuses and cabs at the stat. 
 
 Vienna (inGeim. Wien) (Inns: 
 in the city : Erzherzog Karl, com¬ 
 fortable, many English; Oester- 
 reichischer Hof, 1863, large and 
 well managed; Kaiserin Eliza- 
 beth, good, and moderate for 
 Vienna. In the suburbs: airy, 
 and near the Prater and Danube, 
 Goldener Lamm, first-rate; Hotel 
 Schroeder, well kept, clean, and 
 moderate; 2nd class : Ungarische 
 Krone; Konig v. Ungarn, &c. 
 
 All charges higli in Vienna; 
 ascertain prices of rooms, &c. 
 Bachelors had better breakfast 
 and dine at a cafe). 
 
 Chief objects of interest are: 
 Cathedral of St. Stephen; Ch. of 
 IMaria Stiegen; vaidts of the 
 Capuchin Cli., wliere the Imperial 
 fixmily are buried; the Imperial 
 Palace (K. Iv. Kurg.); the Upper 
 and Loxyer Belvedere Galleries, 
 (best View of Vienna from the 
 gardens); the Palace and garden 
 of Schonbrunn 2 m. from Vienna; 
 and the Prater, or Park, extend¬ 
 ing to the Danube 4 m. in the 
 ojiposite direction. 
 
 For Ptee. 196-198 (Danube and 
 Vienna) see S. Germ. Ilandbh. 
 
62 
 
 61 Rte. SALZBURG TO BRRCETESGABLN, &c. 
 
 Rte. 199. — SALZBURG to 
 BERCHTESGADEN and the 
 KONIGSSEE, returning- by 
 REICHENHALL. 
 
 SALZBUEG to 
 
 ENG. 51. 
 
 Berclitesgaden 14I 
 Kdnigssee . 
 lleichenhall . 17^ 
 
 Salzburg . 
 
 ENG. 51. 
 . loi 
 
 46 
 
 A good road. Omnibus twice a day 
 Irom the Goldene Schiif at 6 morn , and 
 4 aft., in Ji- hrs., price 42 kr.; carriage 
 I horse, to go and return, 6 fl.; 2 horses 
 9 fl., tnnkgeld included. Stipulate for 
 the lake, and to wait. Be provided with 
 Sliver money. The return by Reichen- 
 hall agreeably varies the journey, but it 
 is 7 m. longer. A good plan is to go over 
 night to Berchte-sgaden to sleep, or the 
 day may be thus divided 
 
 Start at . 
 
 Reach Berchtesgaden . 
 Konigssee . . . . 
 
 See Lake and back to B. 
 
 Binner. 
 
 See mines .... 
 Reichenhall ... * 
 
 6 A.5I. 
 
 9 » 
 10 „ 
 
 1 p.5r. 
 
 2 „ 
 
 No one visiting Salzburg should 
 omit this excursion, one of the 
 most charming in Europe. The 
 territory of Berchtesgaden, which 
 iwojects like a peninsula into 
 Austria, was reserved to Bavaria 
 at the congress of Vienna, as a 
 hunting ground for the Bavarian 
 piinces, with whom it is in great 
 favour. The Kdnigesee is almost 
 unrivalled in its solemn beauty. 
 
 Salzburg is left by the Cajetan 
 gate and the Gastein rd, from 
 
 which that to Berchtesgaden 
 soon 
 
 Turns oif rt., and follows al 
 pretty stream to 
 
 Grddig, near which rt. is seen 4 
 fechloss Glanegg. The road now 
 winds round the base of the 
 
 Untersherg (6459 ft.), the nitn 
 so conspicuous in tiie Salzbui-o- 
 landscape, and within whose 
 caverns the Emperor Charle- 
 magne and Charles V. are sup- 
 jiosed to rest till the day of the 
 awakening of a united Germany. 
 The red and white marble em¬ 
 ployed in the Munich buildings is 
 obtained from it. (For ascend see 
 Salzburg.) Passing St. Leonhard, 
 the road enters a romantic 
 
 Defile, called the “ Pass of the 
 Overhanging Bock ” {Hdngenden 
 Stein), througli which rushes the 
 Alin, and where is a rock inscryi- 
 tion, ^^Pax intrantibus et habitan- 
 tibus.” This is the entrance to the 
 Berchtesgaden territory, where an 
 old watch-tower formerly served 
 as Bavarian Custom-house. After 
 passing through 
 
 Schellenberg, an old toivn, the3| 
 valley beyond opens to view. The 
 hills on the 1. culminate in the 
 noble Hohe Gull, whicli is a 
 marked object from Salzburg, but 
 here the great feature of the view 
 is the gigantic Watzmann (8988 
 ft.}, raising his snow-clad and 
 double-horned head at the ex¬ 
 tremity of the valley. At vilh of 
 
 Anfang a rd. branches otf to3i 
 Hallein; 1. the vill. of Berchtes- 
 gadeii crowns a picturesque hill 
 in front, and i m. before entering 
 it the Salt-mine is passed 1 . on 
 opposite bank of river. 
 
63 Bte. m.—SALZEVna to BEitCHTESGADEN, Ac. 64 
 
 BERCHTESGADEN" AND THE WATZMANN". 
 
 Berchtesgaden {Lms: Zum 
 'VV’atzniann,best; Leutliaus; Neu- 
 haus) in a charming situation, 
 formerly the seat of an ecclesiasti¬ 
 cal Princedom, dating from 13 th 
 cent. Territory, 179 Eng. square 
 m.; inhab. 9000. The Schloss, 
 once the convent, is now Bavarian 
 government offices. Ch. has a 
 Romanesque cloister. A villa of 
 the late King Max. II., outside 
 town, S., with view of the Watz- 
 mann. Below it are the salt 
 Boiling houses with their stores of 
 Avood. Toys of wood, bone, and 
 ivory, called Berchtesgaden Avare, 
 are to bejmrchased at A. Kaserer’s 
 and Klausner’s. 
 
 The Salt-mine, 1 m. on Salz¬ 
 burg road, is Avorth visiting, and 
 more accessible for ladies than 
 that at Hallein (Rte. 201), the 
 salt also is in larger masses, and 
 the blasting of it by gunpowder 
 is a part of the usual exhibition 
 to sti-angers. The mines are some¬ 
 times splendidly illuminated. 
 
 Observe the very curious hy¬ 
 draulic pumping engines. 
 
 Landlord of Inn procures permission to 
 visit the mines, 45 kr. per head, and 
 45 kr. for each guide. Time required 
 I or 13^ hrs. Open from loj- to 12, and 
 43- to 6. 
 
 Excursions. —The chief object 
 in going to Berchtesgaden is to 
 visit— 
 
 a. — The Konigssee, Avhich is 
 above all to be recommended. 
 The road crosses the river Ache, 
 Avhich floAvs from the lake 
 [a rd. strikes off for the Konigs- 
 berg, over Avhich is a path to 
 Gelling, Rte. 200, 4 hrs. to the 
 top], and keeps the rt. bank (for 
 pedestrians is' a pleasant path 
 on 1. bank) ; winding through 
 charming country, it reaches the 
 narrow end of the 
 
 Konigssee (also BarfJwlomaS^ 
 See), 1996 ft. The original small 
 Inn, Zum Konigssee, has been 
 
C 5 Bte. l^^.—SALZBVRG to BEBCHTESGABEN, (fee. 6G 
 
 superseded by a large one, with 40 
 beds, to accommodate the crowd of 
 summer tourists, cliiefly German. 
 
 Boats are in plenty, often rowed by 
 ■women. A tariff fixes the price—boat 
 jC) kr., and each rower 36 kr. to far end, 
 6 m. and back, 2 hrs. 
 
 The sceneiy of the lake is 
 wonderfully impressive, from the 
 abruptness and height of the 
 sruTounding mountains, which 
 scarcely leave a landing place. 
 They are clad with dark forests, 
 and their rocky and snow-patched 
 summits are a favourite haunt of 
 the eagle and the chamois, which 
 in the royal hunts are often driven 
 into the water to be shot from 
 boats. 
 
 After passing a low wooded 
 island, with a Chapel of St. John 
 uiDon it, the lake opens to sight, 
 backed by the wild masses of the 
 Steinerne Meer, from which rises 
 the SchdnfeldSpitze (8695 ft.), and 
 others, covered with snow. The 
 Konigsbach, falling in a cascade, is 
 passed to 1.; a little further is a 
 line echo (pistol shot 8 kr.), and 
 further still is a cavern (Kuchler 
 Loch), by which the waters of the 
 lake are supposed to communi¬ 
 cate with the waterfall near Gel¬ 
 ling (Kte. 200). The boat then 
 lands on the 1. shore to allow a 
 visit to the cascade of the Kessel- 
 bacJi, a 10 min. climb through 
 woods, with charming backward 
 views of the lake, and the Watz- 
 mann beyond now coming nobly 
 into view W. Then the boat 
 crosses to a tongue of land on 
 W. shore, called the THrschau 
 (1^ hr. row from the N. end). 
 Here are the pilgrimage chapel 
 of St Bartliolomd, a Hunting 
 lodge of the king, and a small Inn. 
 Refreshments, or a fish dinner of 
 the char {Salmo Alpinus) of the 
 lake ; portraits of large fish on the 
 Kp. Tyr. & Alps. 
 
 walls. [3 m. behind the Inn is 
 the Ice chapel. A fatiguing walk 
 brings only to a hcajD of avalanche 
 snow, in a wild glen under the 
 Watzmann; better spare the time, 
 except for the variety of jfiants 
 found there.] There was a pil. 
 ch. here as early as 1134, and 
 on St. Bartholomew’s Day fires 
 are lighted on the surrounding 
 heights. The head of the lake is 
 i^m. further; here the Schran- 
 bach falls into the lake, and a 
 neck of land called the Salletalp, 
 I m. broad, separates the Koiiigs- 
 see from the 
 
 Obersee, a minature lake 2 m. 
 round, but enclosed by fine lime¬ 
 stone precipices, “a savage but 
 magnificent scene.” Several 
 waterfalls descend the cliffs, and 
 mamiots abound on the banks. 
 This spot should not be missed. 
 
 [A path leads hence into the 
 Bliihnbachthal, and so into tlie 
 Gastein id.. Etc. 200.] 
 
 [A difiicult track 'leads from 
 St.Bartholoma, on theKonigssee, 
 over the Steinerne Meer, to Bad 
 Gastein. Fine weather and guide 
 necessary. Ete. 199 a.] 
 
 [Opposite St. Bartholoma, E., 
 is the GotzenAlp, reached in 3 hrs. 
 by a mule-path., starting from 
 the shore near the Kesselhach 
 mentioned above. View highly 
 recommended.] 
 
 b. ToBamsau uwdilxellinterseer- 
 tlial. The road turns off W. from 
 that to the Konigssee soon after 
 leaving Berchtesgaden, and leads 
 in 5 m. to Ilsangmuhle, where an 
 hydraulic pump raises the brine 
 1260 ft., and sends it tbrough 
 pipes 18 m. long to Eeichenhall. 
 
 m. further is opening of the 
 Wimbachthal 1. (see below), and 
 I m. beyond is Bamsau, with a 
 
 D 
 
G 7 Itte. m.—SALZBURG to BBRCIITESGABEN, &c. 68 
 
 good Inn amidst wild picturesque 
 scenery. The road, after passing 
 the turn to the Taubensee rt., 
 reaches the Hintersee, 2 m., and 
 skirts its W. shore. There are a 
 few good houses, a good Inn, and 
 hunting lodge. The scenery is 
 charming, with rocks and broken 
 wood jutting into the lake, and 
 on the further shore rises the 
 Hochkalter, here soft, and clothed 
 with wood. Beyond, the land¬ 
 scape is bare and solitary, and 
 the rd. ascends the fine Hirsch- 
 bUhelpass (3896 ft.), commanding 
 a magnificent view of limestone 
 peaks, a good Inn on summit, and 
 Austrian O.-H, (Ascent of the 
 Kammerling Horn (8146 ft.), E., 
 is made in 3 hrs. from Inn; 
 grand panorama, and noted for 
 plants). 
 
 The descent leads near the 
 extraordinary ravine, the Seissen- 
 herger Elam, and falls into the 
 road from Eeichenhall to Gastein 
 at Oh. Weishach, Etc. 202. (From 
 Eamsau is a circuitous but in¬ 
 teresting road by the Tauhensee 
 (a small and lovely lake, with fine 
 view of the Watzmann), the 
 SchwarzhacJiwacM, a low col (2906 
 ft.) between the Lattenberg and 
 the Eeiteralpe, and vill. of Jetten- 
 berg to Eeichenhall). 
 
 c. The WimhacJithal, a scene 
 of desolate grandeur, ascends 
 between the Watzmann, E., and 
 the Hochkalter (85 95 ft.) W. The 
 slopes of the 2 mts. being remark¬ 
 ably abrupt fill the valley with 
 debris. Entrance is by a very 
 fine gorge, where the water of the 
 valley emerges into daylight for 
 the first time. At i J hr. is a small 
 hunting lodge, and i good hr. 
 furtlier, where the valley bends 
 round to the S. side of the Watz¬ 
 mann is a small tarn. (By a 
 
 climb over the ridge 1. a good 
 cragsman may reach the Eisthal, 
 and descend to St. Bartholoma, 
 on the Konigssee). E. The head 
 of the Wimbachthal is closed by 
 bare limestone peaks, and the 
 valley once formed a lake similar 
 to, but finer than the Konigssee. 
 
 d. Ascent of the Watzmann (8 gSS 
 ft.). This is usually made from 
 Eamsau, ascending over niglit by 
 the Stuhenalp to the chalets of the 
 Guglalp to sleep, 3 hrs; thence 
 3 hrs. brings to the summit. Of 
 the two peaks the lower one is 
 generally selected, and the vieio 
 comprises the Gross Glocknel¬ 
 and its snowy chain, the moun¬ 
 tains of the Salzkammergut, and 
 the plains of Bavaria as far as Augs¬ 
 burg and Eatisbon.- Tlie Watz¬ 
 mann can also be ascended from 
 the N. end of the Konigssee by 
 the Falz Alp, in 8 hrs. from 
 Berchtesgaden. 
 
 From Berchtesgaden a post¬ 
 road winds by a ciiarming ascent, 
 with lovely views, past the King’s 
 Villa, and turns N. up the broad 
 Bischofswiesenthal to the 
 
 Pass Hallthurn (salt tower) (2224 
 ft.), named from a Gothic gateway 
 once closing the pass, which lies 
 between the Untersberg rt. and 
 the Lattenberg, 1.; thence it de¬ 
 scends through most picturesque 
 scenery, and by an Austrian castle, 
 upon 
 
 Eeichenhall. (Inns: Post, 11 m. 
 good; Lowenbrau, &c.) 
 
 There is a diligence every day at 
 2 o’clock aft. from Berchtesgaden to Eei- 
 cheuhall in 2 hrs. for 3 fl. 44 kr. i-horse 
 car 4 fl. 
 
G 9 Bte. mx.—BERGHTESGABEN to BAB GASTEIN. 70 
 
 From Eeicbenhall it is nearly 
 a 2 lirs. drive (see Bte. 229) to 
 
 lOf m. Salzburg* (Bte. 195). 
 
 
 Rte. 199 A. (205 in S. Germ. 
 Handbook). — BEECHTESGA- 
 DEN to BAD GASTEIN, by 
 tbe STEINERNE MEEK and 
 SAALEELDEN. 
 
 BERCHTESGADEN to hrs. 
 
 Saalfelden.12 
 
 Lend (by the Dientnerthal) . . 6 
 
 Bad Gastein.4^ 
 
 22i 
 
 Drive m. to the Konigssee. Boat 
 li hr. to a little beyond St. Bartholoma. 
 A stiff walk thence of 9 hrs without 
 stops to Saalfelden. If preferred a bed 
 in straw may be had at St. Bartholoma. 
 
 The chief object of this walk 
 is the passage of the Steinerne 
 Meer (stony ocean), a vast lime¬ 
 stone wilderness, which is up¬ 
 lifted to the S. of the Konigssee, 
 and which forms one of the most 
 remarkable scenes of desolation 
 in the Alps. 
 
 From Berchtesgaden to 
 
 2 hrs. St. Bartholoma, on theKonigs- 
 see (see Bte. 199), take the boat 
 on to the 
 
 Entrance of a valley on the ^ hr. 
 rt. (same side as Bartholoma), 
 and climb a steep jjath through 
 very picturesque scenery, and 
 passing the Griinsee (Pinus cem- 
 hra abundant), to the 
 
 Funtpsee (5247 ft.), a high 3 ^ hi 
 mountain tarn with a few huts 
 on its margin, inhabited only in 
 summer. As the track now 
 ceases, it is better to secure a 
 local guide here, especially if 
 there be chance of mist or cloud. 
 Hence it is a laborious climb 
 over cutting limestone rocks, the 
 noted Steinerne Meer, to the 
 
 Summit of the ridge called 3^ hr 
 TFe?'ss6ac7isc7iarte(746i ft.); thence 
 looking back, the viev^ is scarcely 
 to be surpassed for desolate gran¬ 
 deur. It is unbroken by any 
 trace of tree or verdure, bounded • 
 in all directions by rocky sum¬ 
 mits, and with the noble peak of 
 the Watzmann in the background. 
 
 Yet though so perfectly arid in 
 appearance sheep contrive to pick 
 up a living on the Steinerne Meer 
 in the summer. Looking forimrd 
 the view is not less striking from 
 contrast. The valley of Saal- 
 elden lies stretched below, and 
 ;he Avhole range of the Noric 
 Alps appears beyond to the S. To 
 7 . is the pyramidal Schdnfeldspitze, 
 
 8695 ft. 
 
 The Descent is exceedingly 
 steep and rugged to 
 
 the 1st Chalet on the Weiss-1 hr. 
 bachalm; near is a fine spring ,* 
 no drop of water on the Steinerne 
 Meer. The path hence improves 
 down to 
 
 Saalfelden {Inns: Auerwir{h2j hrs, 
 and Timmerlwirth), in the Mit. 
 
 D 2 
 
71 
 
 lUe. ‘^OO.-SALZBURCt to BAD GASTEIN. 
 
 72 
 
 Pinzgau, an interesting district, 
 full of old castles. From this to 
 
 24 ^ m. Lend, and 
 
 21 in. Bad Gastein, by post road, see 
 Kte. 202. 
 
 [From Saalfelden to Lend, 
 a shorter, and probably more 
 interesting char rd., ascends 
 by the Urselauerhacli, E., skirts 
 the S. base of the Steinerue- 
 meer, and descends the Dienten- 
 ihal to Lend. A pedestrian can 
 shorten it still further by quitting 
 the road to the rt., about i hr. 
 beyond vill. of Aim, and crossing 
 the ridge directly into the Dien- 
 tenthal at Dienten, where the 
 Ch. is interesting, and Silurian 
 fossils are found. The valley is 
 narrow, but widening till it ap¬ 
 proaches that of the Salzach; it 
 ofters some good views. Saalfel¬ 
 den to Lend is 6 hrs. walking, 
 Hof Gastern 3 hrs,, Bad Gastein 
 If hr.] 
 
 Rte. 200. — SALZBURG to 
 BAD GASTEIN, by HALLEIN 
 and WEREEN. 
 
 SALZBURG to 
 
 EXG. M. 
 Ilallein . . <)i 
 
 Golling . . 9I 
 
 ‘Werfen . .11 
 
 St. Johann . 11 
 Lend ... 9? 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Hof Gastein . 14 
 Bad Gastein . 6 
 
 70^ 
 
 Eilwagen daily in summer in ij hrs. 
 
 (8i fl.), dep, 6 A.M. A i-horse car 
 12 fl. and 1 fl. trinkgeld, in days. 
 
 With post-horses it is a journey of 10 
 hrs. Best Inn is at Golling. Dil. dines 
 at St. Johann, 
 
 A romantic drive the whole 
 way. The two most striking 
 parts are the grand defile of , 
 Lueg, and the remarkable Klamm 
 pass. 
 
 A perhaps still more picturesque Rte. 
 is by Berchtesgaden, the pass of Hirsch- 
 biihel, and Zell-am-see, but it is longer 
 and steeper. See Rtes. 199 and 202. 
 
 From Salzburg (Rte. 195), the 
 road, leaving the Cajetan gate, 
 keeps on 1 . bank of the Salzach. 
 
 [In a short distance the rd. to 
 Berchtesgaden turns otf rt,] 
 
 Chateau of Hellbrunn, 1 ., is 3 m. 
 passed (Rte. 195), and presently 
 
 Anif, 1 . a modern Gothic villa 
 of Count Arco. After passing ' 
 through the vill. of Niederalm ' 
 tlio 
 
 s 
 
 Aim, the stream from Bercli- 2 ^ m. 
 tesgaden, is crossed. The ancient 
 stud-buildings of Rif are seen to 
 1., and presently a huge building 
 rt., Kaltenhausen, once a mansion, 
 now a brewery. 
 
 Ilallein. (Inns: Post (Adler), 4 m. 
 fair, but not for sleeping; Scharz- 
 brau; Sonne). Ancient town, 3600 * 
 
 inhab.; under clouds of smoke and 
 steam from the Saltworks. In the 
 Durnberg, close by, S., are the ] 
 famous mines, reached by a steep - 
 rd., f hr. to walk; a pretty ch. of : 
 marble, and the vill. Durnberg, \ 
 near the entrance. 
 
 [The Salt-mines consist of 8 
 galleries, bored in the hill, and 
 communicating by shafts. (For 1 
 
 mode of working see Introd. to 
 
73 
 
 Bte. 200 .— 8 ALZBUBG to BAD GASTEIN. 74 
 
 Sect. II.) Provided with proper 
 dress, &c., and permission from the 
 office in the town, the visitor 
 follows a miner in a long tunnel, 
 till he reaches a sudden descent, 
 Avhich is accomplished by sliding 
 doAvn, sitting upon smooth poles. 
 Several of these may occur before 
 a chamber half full of brine is 
 reached, across which a boat 
 conveys the party, and the mine 
 is left by a passage one-third of a 
 m. long, through which the visitor 
 is pushed on a wooden horse at a 
 quick pace. 
 
 An amusing expedition, perfectly safe 
 and easy for ladies, i hr. is sufficient; 
 
 1 fl. each visitor, and trinkgeld of 40 kr.; 
 
 2 fl., &c., for a single traveller.] 
 
 [From Berchtesgaden to Hal- 
 lein there are 2 routes, a. —a cross 
 road, 6 m., by Scheffau and Zill, 
 Douane at each; h .—a perfectly 
 good one by the Dtirnberg, 
 2 hrs. walking from Berchtes¬ 
 gaden, Avith fine views. Pass 
 through the mine to Hallein, 
 sending knapsack round to meet 
 you.] 
 
 \_Ascent of theBossfeld (4264ft.), 
 a wooded hill, S. of the Diirn- 
 berg, may be made from the vill. 
 Durnberg in 2 hrs. Fine pano- 
 rama.] 
 
 At Hallein the road crosses the 
 Salzach and ascends the rt. bank, 
 the valley narrowing, with the 
 Hohe Goll (8265 fb), and its out¬ 
 liers rising on the W., and the 
 Avild mass of the Tannengebirge 
 appearing in front. The former 
 best seen at 
 
 6m. Kuchl. (Inn: beim Auer). 
 Here a path saving 2 m. crosses 
 the river to the Schwarzhach 
 Waterfall. See below. 
 
 31 m. GoUing. (Inn: Post, fair). 
 Curious old vill., Avith an ancient 
 
 castle above, and remarkable 
 rock-cut churchyard. 
 
 TJie Waterfall of the Schwarz¬ 
 hach, 270 ft. high, one of the finest 
 in the German Alps, supposed to 
 be an outflow from the Konigs- 
 see, Avhich is more than 100 ft. 
 higher (see Ete. 199), is 2 m. off, 
 across the Salzach, in the vale of 
 St. Nicholas. It issues from a 
 cavern in flanks of Hohe Gbll 
 in 2 shoots; a natural bridge to 
 be seen. Visited in hr., no 
 guide needed. Make "'for the 
 Avhite chapel of St. Nicholas on 
 the hill. 
 
 [From Golling are 2 routes to 
 Berchtesgaden ; a .—in 7 to 8 hrs. 
 by the Bliintauthal, and over the 
 Konigsberg by the Torrener Joch 
 (5696 ft.) (vieio very beautiful 
 from summit), descending direct 
 to the N. end of the Kbnigssee. 
 h. By the cascade of Schwarz¬ 
 hach, over the N. side of the 
 Goll; guide necessary, 34 hrs. 
 hard climb to the Col, Sattelech. 
 Striking vieAV of surrounding mts. 
 Descent in 2| hrs. to Berchtes¬ 
 gaden.] 
 
 Just beyond Golling the valley 
 of the Lammer opens E. 
 
 char road ascends the 
 Lammerthal to Ahtenau, and de¬ 
 scends to the lake of Hallstatt and 
 to Isclil, in the Salzkammergut, 
 Ete. 204.] 
 
 Near here, rt. 
 
 A Finger-post points to the 2 
 Oefen [a gorge of the Salzach not 
 to he missed, Avhere the river bed 
 has been partly choked by fallen 
 rocks, and the stream boils in 
 tortuous depths under a sort of 
 natm’al bridge, and drift-Avood is 
 seen writhing. The path to this 
 scone of savage grandeur is 
 carried down by flights of stops. 
 
75 
 
 Rte. SALZBURG to BAB GA8TEIN. 
 
 7 G 
 
 and the visit costs only | hr.]. 
 A little beyond, the rd. enters 
 the romantic 
 
 i m. Pass Lueg-, nearly 5 m. long, 
 a defile between two huge moun¬ 
 tain masses; the Tannengebirge 
 E,, and the Haageugebirge, W. 
 It is grandly wooded, and the 
 precipices scarcely leave room for 
 Ijoth river and road. The latter 
 at one place is suspended upon a 
 shelf of planks. The Pass is called 
 the gate of the Pongau (or Upper 
 Salzach), was fiercely defended 
 by Haspinger in 1809, and is now 
 strongly fortified. 
 
 i m. At Aschau there is a bridge 
 to 1. bank, and at the upper end 
 of the defile the Bliihnbach is 
 crossed. 
 
 fUp the Bluhnbaclitlial, narrow 
 at its entrance, is a rd. on 1. 
 bank to an old hunting lodge 
 of the Archbishops, 3 hrs., with 
 whom the valley was a great fa¬ 
 vourite ; it is now appropriated by 
 a company of Austrian sportsmen. 
 Here the valley opens out into a 
 noble amphitheatre, with the wild 
 limestone mass of the Ewige 
 Schneeberg S., and the Steinerne 
 Meer W. Between the two is 
 a pass S.W. over the Marterl 
 (7052 ft.), and down the Hinter 
 IJrslauthal to Saalfelden in the 
 Mitter Pinzgau ; 9 hrs. (Kte. 
 
 199 A.) Also to N.W. is a diffi¬ 
 cult climb through the Bluhn- 
 hach Thdrl (6609 ft.), between the 
 Alpriedhorn and the Teufels- 
 horner to the Obersee (Berchtes- 
 gaden) in 9 hrs. Ete. 199. 
 
 The Ewige Schneeberg is also 
 called the TJebergossene Alp, and 
 owns a legend similar to that of 
 the Bliimlis Alp, in Switzerland, of 
 a luxuriant Alp, the property of an 
 avaricious couple,ovcrwhelmedina 
 
 single night with snow. The moun¬ 
 tain is connected with the Steinerne 
 Meer by a narrow isthmus, and 
 rises to its highest point in the 
 Hochkonig (9642 ft.). Ascent can 
 be made from the hunting lodge, 
 (where out of the hunting season 
 entertainment and a guide can 
 be had), by way of the Imlau 
 Alp; and also from Werfen up 
 tlie Hollthal, or from Miihlbach 
 (see below), to the Mitterfeld Alp 
 (5528 ft.); night quarters in the 
 hut, whence, in 4 hrs., to the 
 edge of the great plateau, a steep 
 climb, and hr. further over ice 
 to the Hochkonig. A stone hut 
 now on the summit. View of the 
 whole Pinzgau and Noric Alps 
 beyond.] 
 
 The Imperial forge of Blahaus 
 is passed, and presently the castle 
 of Ilohenwerfen, 1., crowns a 
 wooded hill, 350 ft. high, with a 
 precipice towards the Salzach. 
 Tins stronghold of the Arch¬ 
 bishops, founded 1076, and now 
 barracks, was also their state 
 prison, and was frequently the 
 scene of frightful cruelties upon 
 the Protestants. Some of the 
 dungeons and the torture tower 
 still remain. At its foot is the 
 town of 
 
 Werfen. {Inn f Post, good). 4 m 
 Ch. has a curious monument. 
 
 The Tannengebirge, which tower 
 on the E. side of the Lueg Pass 
 here finely display their wild 
 forms. They stretch far to the 
 E. The highest point, the Rau- 
 chech (7966 ft.), overlooks Werfen. 
 Ascent from this direction is by 
 the Steinerne Stiege ; view fine. 
 
 The valley here widens, and 
 presently 
 
 Road forks. [That to 1 . crosses 1 m 
 
the Salzach, and is the liigh 
 road by Eadstadt into Styria E,, 
 or over the Eadstadter Tauern 
 S. into Carinthia. Ktes. 240 and 
 243.] 
 
 The entrance to the Fritzthal 
 E. is passed before reachmg 
 
 •fm. Bischofshofen (Jmi: Hirsch), 
 vill. once called Pongo, whence 
 the valley-name, Pongau; 2 chs. 
 worth seeing. The Tannenge- 
 bu’ge behind are well seen, and 
 Hochkonig W. A spur of hill at 
 the entrance of the Fritzthal is a 
 very fine point of view. 
 
 The road passes the entrance 
 of the MuhlbacMhal W. 
 
 fA good rd. to Muldhacli, 2J 
 hrs., good country Inn, and 2 hrs. 
 further to the Mitterberg Copper- 
 mines, of great antiquity. Ascent 
 of Hochlionig is made by way of 
 Mitterfeld Alp from this side. 
 
 Ascent of the Schneeberq (6291 
 ft.) S.W. of the Upper Miihl- 
 bachthal, 3 hrs. to top, offers a 
 fine view extending from the 
 Dachstein to the Oetzthal mtns. 
 Also the Hoclikeil (5837 ft.), 
 easier, is worth the climb. 
 
 From head of the valley a bad 
 cart-rd leads to the Schwarz- 
 dientenalm, and thence either 
 down to Dlenten, or, over Hoch- 
 fiigen into the Winterthal, and 
 so to Saalfelden. Ete. 199 a.] 
 
 Ed. now crosses the Salzach, 
 and ascends rather steeply to 
 
 Gm. St. Johann. Inns: Post; 
 Eossian’s, where dil. dines.) Vill. 
 bmmt in 1852 , rebuilt in stone. 
 
 [A post road here turns off E. 
 to Eadstadt.] [Another keeps 
 the rt. bank of Salzach a short 
 distance, and ascends the Gross- 
 Arlthal. This valley, 18 m. long. 
 
 and parallel to that of Gastein, 
 is entered by a similar narrow 
 gorge. The principal vill. is 
 Grossarl, and hr. beyond is 
 Tofern (whence a path over a 
 shoulder of the Gamskarkogl to 
 Bad Gastein, 6 In-s.) At Hutt- 
 scMag, J hr. further, 5 hrs. from 
 St. Johann, are large copj)er and 
 sulphur works, and. the scenery 
 is very picturesque. There is a 
 car.-rd. to th'is point. The valley 
 closes among the snowy neigh¬ 
 bours of the Ankogel. Ete. 201. 
 There is a pass by the Schoderalm 
 
 (4977 ft-)to the(7498 ft.); 
 
 and down to the Samerliutte in 
 the Maltathall, Carinthia; a fine 
 point oi view. Ete. 243.] 
 
 At 8 t. Johann the road crosses 
 the Salzach, and presently reaches 
 small vill. of 
 
 Schwarzach {Inn: good). Here 3 m. 
 the leaders of the Protestant 
 peasants met in 1729, and bound 
 themselves to abandon their 
 country rather than their faith. 
 
 To the number of 30,000 they 
 found refuge in Prussia, Wiirtem- 
 berg, and N. America. The 
 table in the inn is still shown 
 where they took the oath, and 
 swallowed each a little salt, in 
 token of the covenant, thence 
 called the Salzbund. 
 
 The rd. passes entrance of a 
 valley rt., leading to the interest¬ 
 ing old castle of Goldegg, with a 
 curiously painted hall. Its lords 
 were once owners of Gastein 
 and much territory. 
 
 The rd. again crosses the 
 Salzach, and then the Ache from 
 Gastein, before reachmg 
 
 Lend {Inn: Post, new and 6| m. 
 good), a vill. gathered round the 
 smelting furnaces, dating from 
 
79 
 
 Rte. SALZBURG io BAB GASTEIN. ' 
 
 80 
 
 1538, for the gold and silver from 
 the mines of Gastein and Eainis. 
 At present in little use. 
 
 [Eoad continues hence up the 
 Pinzgau, Ete. 230, and a good 
 horse track goes by the Dien- 
 tenthal, opposite, to Saalfelden. 
 Ete. 202.] 
 
 The road no\y timis S. to as¬ 
 cend the valley of Gastein, which 
 consists of 3 distinct levels or 
 “ Boden,” separated by abrupt 
 descents. The road now climbs 
 into the ist of these levels, that 
 of Hof Gastein, by the 
 
 Klamm (steej), and requiring 
 extra horses). A narrow cleft 
 in schistous limestone, along the 
 precipices of which the rd. is 
 carried, often supported on arches, 
 amidst scenery somewhat re¬ 
 sembling that of the Via Mala in 
 Switzerland. In spring it is 
 subject to avalanches. At the 
 narrowest part is an ancient gate¬ 
 way or watch-house, once closing 
 the pass; and after crossing to 
 the rt. bank, a castle, the Klamm- 
 stein, is passed, erected in nth 
 centy; before that date a path 
 over the hill W. was used, which 
 here joins the road. The valley 
 of Gastein now opens to view; 
 and after passing 
 
 8 m. Borf Gastein (Hm; good) the 
 snow mts. at the head of the 
 valley rise into view. (A bend 
 in the road here can be saved by 
 the 'pedestrian.) 
 
 Cm. Hof Gastein (Inns: Moser, 
 good baths; Blaue Traube ; 
 prices lower than at Wilbad, but 
 no shady promenades), principal 
 place of the valley, and in 15 th and 
 16th cents, of great importance, 
 when concerned in a great carry¬ 
 
 ing trade with Italy, and the 
 residence of the wealthy miners 
 of the district when it was a 
 European Potosi; many of their 
 houses still remain. Amongst 
 them o&s. the Strasserhof, with an 
 arcade to each story. In the ch. 
 notice the Strochner Altar, and in 
 the churchyard monuments of the 
 old mining families. 
 
 [The ascent of the Gamslcar- 
 Jwgl (8077 ft.), immediately above 
 Hof, E., is the most important 
 excursion in the neighbourhood. 
 A foot-path, 4 hrs. (or a longer 
 horse-track \ a hut halfway for 
 refreshments, and another on the 
 summit. Panorama very fine, 
 including on the W. and S. the 
 Wiesbachhorn, Gross Glockner, 
 and the snowy range stretching 
 E. to the Hafner Spitz, the 
 last glacier peak ; and extend¬ 
 ing N. over the great limestone 
 groups of Salzburg and the Salz- 
 kammergut. Many plants on the 
 w^.l 
 
 [From Hof a path ascends W. 
 up the Angerthal over the Stanz 
 (6920 ft.) down to Bucheben in 
 the Eauristhal in 6 hrs., whence 
 to Heiligenhlut by Eauriser 
 Tauern, see Etes. 230 and 244.] 
 
 [The old road to Wildbad leads 
 S., vnthout crossing the Ache, 
 through 3 hamlets to the en¬ 
 trance of the Kotschachthal. Into 
 this a path strikes 1. over a 
 bridge. The valley contains good 
 scenery and many fine water¬ 
 falls at its head; the excursion 
 to which and the return will 
 occupy a day. From the Pros- 
 sau Alp a good mountaineer 
 may climb to the Klelnelend- 
 scharte (8226 ft.) in 4I hrs., and 
 thence down into the ^Maltathal 
 Carinthia, Ete. 243. A good 
 guide necessary; sometimes deei) 
 snow renders it impassable.] 
 
81 
 
 Bte. 200 .~SALZBUBG to BAD GA8TEIN. 
 
 82 
 
 Proceeding by the so-called 
 neio road or Fiirstenweg, which 
 soon crosses the Ache, and then 
 the Angerbach, escaping from its 
 valley through a Klamm rt., the 
 route ascends the hill, and passing 
 the English coffee-house, Austrian 
 coffee-house, and Swiss cottage, 
 with pretty views opening out, 
 and part of the Ewige Schnee- 
 berg visible N.; and turning 1 . 
 over a spray-sprinkled bridge, 
 reaches 
 
 Gm. Wildbad Gastein (3437 ft.) 
 {Inns: Straubinger’s, near the 
 bridge ; Mitterwirth ; Unter 
 Kramer; Ober Kramer; Hirsch, 
 near St. Nicolas ch. There are 
 also many lodging-houses; Soli¬ 
 tude, best. In July and August 
 advisable to write or telegraph for 
 rooms.) The houses are scattered 
 irregularly on the rt. slope, the 
 Ache ruthing down in their midst, 
 and plunging in 2 falls to a depth 
 of nearly 500 ft. The house of 
 the late Archduke Jolm, new, lies 
 below the road, with a terrace 
 and garden for Alpine idants. 
 There are many pretty points of 
 view and shady walks. Tlie old 
 ch. of St. Nicolas and its grave¬ 
 yard are worth a visit. 
 
 The Hot springs, which have 
 made the place famous, are 7 in 
 number; one of them, the Wasser- 
 fallquelle, springs out of the bed of 
 the Ache, and its water is used as a 
 bath for horses. They were dis¬ 
 covered in 680. The celebrated 
 Paracelsus in i6th centy. spread 
 their reputation, and ever since 
 they have been increasingly fre¬ 
 quented, and have been visited by 
 most of the sovereigns of Europe. 
 Season is during July and August. 
 The princiiDal are those of the 
 Scbloss, and at Straubinger’s, and 
 there is a free establishment for 
 
 the poor. Heat at the fountain 
 is II5 to 120 Fahr. The princi¬ 
 pal chemical ingredients are car¬ 
 bonate of soda and carbonate of 
 lime, but the water is pure and 
 tasteless, and its efficiency is sup¬ 
 posed to consist in its very great 
 capacity for electricity. The 
 springs are especially recom¬ 
 mended for all chronic and nerv¬ 
 ous diseases. The water has a 
 singular effect ujjon withered 
 flowers, to which it restores even 
 the smell. 
 
 The Conferva Thermalis, used 
 in cure of wounds, grows upon the 
 surface of the water, where it is 
 allowed to flow over the ground, 
 as at Bareges in the Pyrenees. 
 
 The situation of Gastein is 
 highly pleasing, among its 
 wooded hills and in the midst 
 of the abrupt rise from the Hof 
 Gastein “Boden” to the 2nd or 
 Bockstein Boden above. Walks 
 are cut on all sides, and there 
 are many. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 a. BocJcstein (3713 ft.), a vill. 
 
 3 m. above Gastein in the 2nd 
 of the valley levels, an expanse 
 of green pastures. Ch. on a hill, 
 and good Inn. It is the place 
 where the stamping jirocess, 
 formerly carried on at the mines 
 above, is now performed, and the 
 officials live here. The mines 
 are in 
 
 h. The Radhausherg) (8803 ft.), 
 opposite the vill. on the S. They 
 are very ancient; were worked 
 by the Taurisci as well as the 
 Romans, and afterwards by the 
 Venetians. Not very productive 
 now. An easy horse-track as¬ 
 cends to them in 2| lirs., and 
 there is a foot-path. Descent is 
 made in a car, let down by a wind- 
 
83 
 
 Bte. 20 l.~BAD GA8TEIN to OB. VELLACH. 
 
 84 
 
 lass, on an average slope of 33°, 
 a distance of 4200 ft., to a j^oint 
 ^ hr. from Bockstein. TJie 
 Christoplier Mine (nearly 7000 
 ft.),_ usually visited, runs m. 
 tlirougli the mt., and issues above 
 the Nassfeld basin, with a fine 
 view. The summit of the Ead- 
 hausberg, Kreuzkogl, is hr. 
 above the mouth of this mine. 
 
 0. The Anlauftlial oj^ens at 
 foot of the Eadhausberg E., and 
 ends in very fine scenery at foot 
 of the Ankogel. See Ete. 201. 
 
 d. The Nassfeld Basin, sur¬ 
 rounded by wild scenery, is 
 reached up the defile of the 
 Ache from Bockstein. Several 
 waterfalls on the way. See Ete. 
 201. 
 
 e. The Fochharttlial, a liigli 
 valley, branches from the above 
 W. at the Schleier Fall; once 
 famous for its silver-mines : it 
 contains 2 lakes, which feed the 
 Fall. View striking on enter¬ 
 ing. 
 
 /. _ The Sieglitzthal, entered 
 by side of the Sieglitz Waterfall, 
 from the Moser Chalet in the 
 Nassfeld Basin; it leads in 3 hrs. 
 to a col, the Hifflschorte (^8102 ft.), 
 
 A noble view of snowy peaks 
 foi-ward. Descent to a bridle-path, 
 leading to Im Kolben, in the 
 Eauriserthal, where it joins a 
 track over the Goldzecher Tauern 
 (Ete. 244) to Heiligenblut in 
 13 to 14 hrs. There is sometimes 
 difficult ice on the Eauris side; 
 a good guide required, pav 8 fl. 
 
 A second track, more difficult, 
 leads from Im Kolben to the 
 Berghaus, and thence by 3 dif¬ 
 ferent passes — the Eraganter 
 Tauern. Klein Zirlmitzscliarte, and 
 Bramerscliarte, severally down to 
 Fragant, Dbllach, and Pockhorn 
 (Ete. 244) in the Mbllthal. Ex¬ 
 tensive views from summits. 
 
 g. From Bad Gastein the 
 KdtschacMlial ' E. is full of water¬ 
 falls, and makes a fine day’s 
 excursion. See above. 
 
 li. Ascent of the GamsJcar- 
 liogl described above. 
 
 Rte. 201 .—BAD GASTEIN to 
 OB. VELLACH, by the NASS¬ 
 FELD TAUEKN, or PASS of 
 MALNITZ. 
 
 BAD GASTEIN" to exg. m, hes, 
 Bockstein .... ? j * 
 
 Nassfeld .... _ j 
 
 Malnitz ... _ -r 
 
 Ob-Vellach. ... 5 2 
 
 A rough bridle-rd., pretty well marked, 
 and needing no guide except in mist; a 
 little snow even in summer near the 
 summit. Good cotfee, bread, and cheese 
 can be had at Nassfeld, and at the Taueni- 
 haus, a rude, stone building just beyond 
 Bie summit. Travellers can sleep at 
 Bockstein, and obtain horses or guides 
 there. 
 
 The easiest route across the 
 Noric Chain, and tlie most direct 
 course between Salzburg and 
 Oarinthia. By no means equall- 
 ing in grandeur or interest the 
 Eauriser Pass to the W. (Rte. 
 
 244), but ofteringfiue views from 
 basin of Nassfeld, the siunmit, 
 and on the descent S. 
 
 From Gastein the road to 
 
 Bockstein, is taken. (Rte.l hr. 
 200.) Inn: good. 
 
I 
 
 ! 
 
 85 Ete. 201 .—BAD GA8TEIN to OB. VELLACH. ' 86 
 
 [The Anlaufthal here opens 
 S.E. between the Radhausberg 
 S. and the Stuhl N., and extend¬ 
 ing 4 hrs. to the Ankogel, the 
 dominant peak of the district. It 
 offers an alternative Rte. to 
 Malnitz, and is the more ancient 
 of the two. Keep to 1 . ba nk 
 of stream. At about hr. 
 a fine ampitheatre of jDreci- 
 pices, the JlielcaJir, opens out, 
 surrounding a green Alp. From 
 the huts are 2 paths to Mal¬ 
 nitz. a. Ascends the precipices 
 on the rt. to the Hiehahr Aim, 
 and passing 2 tarns reaches the 
 summit, whence the descent 
 leads into the Malnitzer Rte., 
 about 1 hr. above Malnitz. h. Is 
 the old Roman and mediaeval 
 road, and with much finer views. 
 Keep up the valley i hr. to the 
 Tauern Fall, then turn rt. by a 
 red cross and through wood; in 
 hr. fragments of the old road 
 are seen. i hr. further over 
 loose and steep debris a second 
 portion of road is met with, 
 which is near the summit or 
 Korntauern{^o^^ii.). Fi'eiosuperb, 
 Ankogel (10,6 73 ft.), with glaciers 
 to 1., and a fine array of snow 
 peaks, including the Gross 
 Glockner and the Wies or Visch- 
 bachhorn rt. The descent is into 
 the Seethal (the stream of which 
 it crosses) to Malnitz. 
 
 For ascent of the Anlcoqel see 
 below. 
 
 From Eockstein the track 
 ascends the rt. bank of the Ache, 
 passing the curious inclined 
 plane by which wood is drawn up 
 to the Radhausberg gold-mines. 
 The valley becomes a narrow 
 rocky defile. Wild Grahen, with 
 several waterfalls. 
 
 1 hr. The Kessel Fall is the first, 
 but the most beautiful is 
 
 The Schleier Fall, like a veil 
 of gauze, 400 ft. coming from 
 the Pockhart, see above. 
 
 The ScharrecJc, a fine snow 
 peak (10,45 3 ft.), here comes into 
 view. Then, after crossing 
 
 A Bridge, and leaving a track 
 leading to the Pockhartthal to 
 rt., the basin of 
 
 Nassfeld (5304 ft.) is entered, 2 hrs. 
 green, treeless, and level. The 
 Ache flows in numerous wind¬ 
 ings at the bottom, and snow 
 peaks rise above the verdant 
 walls of the basin. About 20 
 huts lie scattered about; at 3— 
 Straubinger’s, Moser’s, and Kra¬ 
 mer’s—coffee, butter, milk, and 
 cheese may be had. It obtained 
 its name of “wet field ” {Campus 
 hicmidus) as early as the 8th 
 centy. Its mines are among 
 the oldest in the Alps, and were 
 worked by the Taurisci; after¬ 
 wards by the Romans. Many 
 rare plants may be gathered, 
 among others Sicertia or Pleu- 
 rogyne carinthiaca. The violet- 
 scented moss, Byssus jolithus, is ' 
 abundant, as also in the Anlauf¬ 
 thal. 
 
 From the furthest hut the 
 track ascends the S.E. corner of 
 the basin up a breast of the hill 
 between two ravines to the sum¬ 
 mit of a 
 
 Spur, whence is a fine view, 1 hr. 
 ooking backwards, of Nassfeld. 
 
 The path then ascends a slope to 
 
 the Tauern or Col (8038 ft.), l|hr. 
 a slight depression in the ridge. 
 
 In contrast to the other passes 
 over this chain, it offers a wide 
 view S. (more extensive by 
 climbing ridge E. of the Col), 
 down the Malnitzthal, with the 
 
87 Rte. 202 .~BAD GASTEINto SALZBURG by the PINZGAU. 88 
 
 Tergloii and Blangert, the highest 
 peaks of the Julian Alps, in the 
 horizon. Gross Glockner, &c., W. 
 Immediately below Col is 
 
 The Tauernhaus (refreshments 
 and a hay bed). 
 
 Descent, chiefly over fine 
 meadow, to the 
 
 Manhart Alp; a collection of 
 swineherds’ huts (^interesting 
 ^plants on the way), thence a 
 steep descent into the ravine, 
 and path through woods, all the 
 way to 
 
 o|hr. Malnitz (3816 ft.), {Inn: 
 small, but comfortable), small 
 vill. at junction of the Seethal 
 with the Malnitz valley. [At 
 this point the old Ete. of the 
 Korn Tauern, still called the 
 Ileiden Weg (heathen road) comes 
 in. See above.J 
 
 Ascent of the Anhogel is made 
 from Malnitz by 2 rtes. (a) 
 The longer, but easier, is up the 
 Seebachthal, but turns 1 . before 
 reaching the Stapitz See; keeps 
 N. up a lateral valley to the,Lucke- 
 thorl, or saddle, 4 hrs.; climbs 
 the steep Tromwand to the foot of 
 the Ankogel Glacier, or Grau- 
 leitenhees, i hr.; crosses this to 
 summit of the Kleiner Anhogel, 
 ijhr., and then along a narrow 
 ridge to the Ankogel peak, i hr. 
 (h) From Malnitz to the last 
 chalet at head of the Seebachthal 
 (hay bed and a meal ); then 1. to 
 the Trom valley r hr.; keep up 
 it to the Glacier, ij hr.; cross it 
 ’to rt., IJ hr.; then straight to the 
 Ankogel. Eopes may be neces¬ 
 sary for this last rte., as well as 
 Steigeisen. The Ankogel is the 
 central knot of 4 ridges, and the 
 
 view comprises a great extent of 
 the snow and glacier of the high 
 Noric chain, and includes also 
 the Carnic and Julian Alps. 
 View from the Schareck is alone 
 superior. 
 
 The valley now turns S., and 
 the bridle track is succeeded by 
 a very rough char-road; i-horse 
 carts can be got at the Inn, but 
 better to walk. 
 
 2 hrs, 
 
 Ob. Vellach {Inns : Post, pass- or 5 m 
 able; Pacher, dear), a small 
 town in the Mdllthal upon a 
 good rd., where a post carriage 
 can be obtained either, to Wink- 
 lern, 22 m. on way to Heiligen- 
 blut, or down to Spital in the 
 Brave valley, 24 m. Ete. 244. 
 
 Rte. 202. — BAD GASTEIN 
 
 to SALZBURG, by ZELL-AM- 
 SEE and the MITTER PINZ¬ 
 GAU. 
 
 BAD GASTEIN to 
 
 EXG. M. 
 
 Lend ... 21 
 Zell-am-See . 15 
 Lofer ... 26 
 
 ENG, 3r. 
 
 Keichenliall . 17 
 Salzburg , , 11 
 
 90 
 
 It is a cross road between Lend and 
 Lofer, but a very good one, and furnished 
 with post-horses. 
 
 The principal charm of this 
 road is the valley of the Saalach 
 between Zell and Eeichenhall, 
 and the traveller who has ascended 
 
89 Ilte. 202 .~BAD GASTEINto SALZBURG hy the PINZGAU. 90 
 
 the nearly parallel valley of the 
 Salzach, on his way to Bad Gas- 
 teiu, can with advantage return 
 by this to Salzburg, especially if 
 he diverge from it to Berchtes- 
 gaden. 
 
 From Bad Gastein, through 
 
 7 m. Hof Gastein, to 
 
 1-1 m. Lend, see Ete. 200. Here, 
 turning W., the traveller ascends 
 that part of the valley of the Sal¬ 
 zach called the Pongau. It is a 
 narrow and picturesque defile to 
 
 5 m. Taxenbach (Inn: Beim Tax- 
 wirth, small hut good, and reason¬ 
 able). I hr. S., at entrance of 
 the Eauristhal, is a curious 
 cascade, itself nothing, hut ap¬ 
 proached by 2 galleries in the 
 solid rock and through very 
 romantic scenery. Tlie stream 
 at the fall has cut for itself a 
 singular passage. The galleries 
 belong to a long since abandoned 
 gold-mine. 
 
 The valley is now termed the 
 Unt. Pinzgau. From 
 
 5 m. The Chapel of St. Georg, on 
 a hill, is a fine view 
 
 1 m. Hunsdorf (good Inn), and 
 
 1 m. Brack (Inn: Von Mayr’s, good), 
 are passed, the latter at entrance 
 of the Fusch Thai (see Etc. 230),' 
 and the road enters upon the 
 Zeller AIoos, a very unhealthy 
 morass at the opening of the 
 valley of Zell N., and caused by 
 the dribbling of the water of the 
 Lake of Zell towards the Salza. 
 Upon an eminence to rt. is the 
 
 Castle of Fischhorn, with a fine 
 view, while across the valley S. 
 
 is seen the ancient one oiKaprun. 
 A little further the rd., leaving 
 that of the valley, turns N. on the 
 W. side of the lake to 
 
 Zell-am-See (Inn: Bran, 3 
 clean). The addition of am-See 
 distinguishes this vill. from Zell 
 in the Zillerthal. It is beauti¬ 
 fully situated on a tongue of land, 
 and above the malaria. From 
 hill behind is a fine view of the 
 snowy Noric Alps S., and of the 
 limestone masses N. The mt, 
 opposite, on E. shore of lake, 
 the Hundstein (6946 ft.), oflers a 
 much grander view. Ascent in 
 3 to 4 hrs. 
 
 Post-omnibus daily to Lofer. 
 
 Leaving the lake, and pass¬ 
 ing through Rent, the rd. 
 presently 
 
 Crosses the Saalach, which issues 
 from the Glemthal, W., passes 
 through Kirchheim and other 
 vills., and re-crosses the Saalach 
 to 
 
 Saalfelden (Inns: Auerwirth 9 
 and Timmeiiwirth), 1000 Inhab., 
 principal place of the Mitter 
 Pinzgau, with a ch. tower more 
 than 200 ft. high. Several ruined 
 castles adorn the neighbouring 
 heights ; that of Lichtenberg has 
 a chapel and hermitage hewn in 
 the rock. The Gross Glockner 
 is finely seen S. 
 
 [By the valley to the W. is 
 a rd. leading to St. Johann, on 
 post-road from Innsbruck to 
 Salzburg. On the E. is a cir¬ 
 cuitous rd., probably interest¬ 
 ing, skirting the foot of the 
 Steinerne Meer, and leading to 
 Lend. Over the Steinerne Meer 
 N. is a wild path to the Konigssee, 
 Ete, 199 A.] 
 
91 
 
 Rte. 203 .— SALZKAMMEBGUT. 
 
 02 
 
 Leaving Saalfelden, the road 
 soon enters a wild romantic glen, 
 the Pinzgauer Hohlweg. In the 
 midst of it the Dieshach makes a 
 pretty ivaterfall. At its exit is 
 the hamlet of 
 
 OJm. Frohnwies (Inn: very good), 
 and next is the pretty vill. anc 
 chiu’ch of 
 
 1 m. Ober Weissbach. [Here a car 
 riage-road turns off and ascends 
 the fine pass of Hirschhiihel (3896 
 ft.)—noble view of serrated lime¬ 
 stone ranges. Austrian Custom¬ 
 house and good Inn on summit. 
 Descends hy the Hinterseerthal 
 and Eamsau to BercJitesgaden 
 (Ete. 199 a), and thus offers a 
 much more interesting, though 
 longer, route to Salzburg, than 
 by Lofer. 
 
 f hr. walk along this road from 
 Weissbach is the extraordinary 
 ravine called the Seissenherg 
 Klam. A finger-post, with “ Gehe 
 und Staune” on 1. of rd., points 
 it out. A staircase leads to a 
 wooden gallery carried a few feet 
 above a stream, and ending in 
 front of a small waterfall. It 
 is a most curious scene. The 
 toiTent-bed is worn down 50 or 
 60 ft., twists in a very extra¬ 
 ordinary manner, and is hollowed 
 out in most singular basins or 
 well-holes. The gallery is to 
 enable woodmen to extricate drift 
 timber destined for the Eeichen- 
 hall saltworks. There is a similar 
 Klam still more grotesque near 
 Unken. See Ete. 229.] 
 
 sides. A narrower portion is 
 called the Luftenstein Pass. The 
 rd. joins the Innsbruck and 
 Salzburg post-road at 
 
 Lofer (Inns ; Hackel-Wirth ; 6 m. 
 beim JBrauer; Post); see Ete. 229 
 for rest of the way through 
 
 Eeichenhall to 
 Salzburg. Ete. 199. 
 
 17 m 
 11 m 
 
 ute. 203.— The SALZKAM- 
 MERGUT: LINZ, or LAM- 
 BACH, to ISCHL, HALL- 
 STATT, and ATJSSEE. 
 
 LINZ to 
 
 Lam bach. 
 Gmunden 
 Ischl . . 
 
 ENG. ir. 
 
 . 
 
 . i8f 
 . Hi 
 
 Hallstatt. 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 75 f 
 
 The road now crosses to the 1 . 
 or W. bank of the Saalach, and the 
 Hohlweg valley becomes very 
 beautiful; smooth lawns dotted 
 with plum-trees along the bottom 
 and wooded mountains on the 
 
 The Salzburg Ely. as far as Lambach, 
 and then a branch to Gmunden; trains 
 twice a day. Steamer on Lake of Gmun¬ 
 den to Ebensee i hr.; dil. to Ischl 2 hi’s,; 
 omnibus and steamer to Hallstatt. 
 
 The Salzhammergut (see In- 
 trod. Inf.) is a delightful resort 
 for the tourist, the invalid, or the 
 sportsman. The best approach 
 to it is undoubtedly from the N. 
 as here given; the mts. culmi- 
 Dachstein rise in 
 every step. The 
 the lovely 
 
 nating in the 
 grandeur at 
 whole rte. ascends 
 
Ute. 2Q^.-~Tlie SALZKAMMEltGUT. ' 
 
 94 
 
 xxdun, WHICH may be further 
 allowed to its source in Styria, 
 
 Bte. 240. 
 
 From Linz (see Rte. igO bv 
 rail through^Wels to 
 
 Lambach Junction (Jnn ; large s | m 
 
 dhe liy. speedily crosses the 
 jaun, passes the singular ch. 
 
 01 Jjaura, and continues mi the 
 rt. bank, The great object on 
 the fe horizon is the Traunstein, 
 the outline of which is compared 
 to the upturned jirofile of Louis 
 to the rt. of it appear 
 the gjaciers of the Thorstein and 
 the Itollengebirge, and to the 
 
 l. the Todtegebirge. Near 
 
 Eoitham Stat. are the Falls ofl 111. 
 the Iraun (better to take a car. 
 trom Lambach to Gmunden, 6 fl. 
 a.nd see the falls by the way; 7 
 
 m. from Lambach and 9 froni 
 Gmunden). m. to the falls, 
 
 13 tt., formed by two oblique 
 earners of conglomerate, riven 
 ind jagged. “Though not so 
 
 as Terni, nor so large as 
 5 chaflhausen, yet, from its perfect 
 dearness and harmony of sur- 
 ounding objects, it ranks high 
 mong waterfalls.’’- Should be 
 een from the little house above, 
 fom the bridge, and from the 
 ocks below. A small Inn. A 
 urious canal runs at the side for 
 le descent of the salt barges 
 •om Gmunden, which are passed 
 t a fixed hour, ii a.m., when 
 ley rush through with amazing 
 docity. The miller at the falls 
 p, for 70 kr., turn all the water 
 ‘ the canal over the falls—worth 
 tying for if the season be dry, 
 load hence is through fir woods 
 —id neat vills,, running between 
 
95 
 
 ■ate. 203.—The SALZKA:\DIEJRGUT. 
 
 the rail and the river, which it 
 crosses to Gmunden; hut the 
 pedestrian will find a jDictui- 
 esque track on the 1. hank of the 
 Traun, 3 hrs.) Baihcay makes a 
 sweep to avoid a hill just before 
 reaching the lake and town of 
 
 llfm, Gmunden {Inns: side of the 
 lake, Schift'; Goldener Bruimen, 
 good and reasonable; Sonne, good 
 and civil. In the town, Goldener 
 Adler, good). Car to Traun 
 Fall and hack, 4/. Small town 
 romantically situated, at N. end 
 of the Gmunden, or Traun See, 
 ' neat and prettj’ place; principal 
 depot of salt. About i m. 'SV. of 
 the town is a little island, 50 yds. 
 from the shore, with a pictm'esque 
 castle. The Calvarienherg, i hr. 
 behind the town, oflers an exten¬ 
 sive view. Pappenheim defeated 
 the peasants here in 1626, and so 
 crushed a formidable Protestant 
 insiu-rection. 
 
 The Gmunden See, 9 m. 
 long, is surrounded at the lower 
 end by undulating hills dotted 
 with trees and houses, at the 
 upper by high precipices and 
 dark fir woods, above which are 
 glimpses of the snowy Dachstein. 
 Eising from the lake on the E. 
 is the majestic Traimstein {ss}7 
 ft.), with its precipice towards the 
 lake, and forming the great fea¬ 
 ture of the scene : ascent difficult, 
 4 hi*s. On the AV. side the prin¬ 
 cipal hill is the Soimenstein. 
 There is a road (to Langbath) 
 along the AV. bank only. 
 
 Steamers from May to October run be¬ 
 tween Gmunden and Ebeiisee twice each 
 waj’. Take ticket for both boat and 
 carriage to Ischl. I'ai'e is sovietimes 
 asked for tn-ice over. CSarriages are con¬ 
 veyed on the steamers or towed in boats. 
 
 In crossing the lake, Altmiinster, 
 
 9G 
 
 with a very old ch., is passed W., 
 and next Ehenzweier, a chateau, 
 the favourite residence of the late 
 Archduke Max. of Este. Traun- 
 kirchen (good Inn : Sulzl) is upon 
 a projecting promontory, the finest 
 spot on the lake. SceneiT be¬ 
 comes wild and grand after this. 
 Steamers land at 
 
 Langbath AA’. bank; suburb of 9 ni 
 Ebensee, on E. do., where the 
 Traun enters the lake. {Inn: 
 Post, homely). A boom here stops 
 the floating timber, and vast 
 staeks of it stand on the shore 
 used for the great evaporatmg- 
 house here, to which the brine 
 from Hallstatt and Ischl is 
 brought in pipes. In Ebensee is 
 a mill using a peculiar saw for 
 manufactm-e of the ban-els in 
 which the salt is packed. 
 
 ^The Langbath Thai opens AA”. ; 
 a good rd. leads up it ji hr. to 
 a wooded lake; take boat to a 
 solitary hunting-box (there is a 
 rough path, however, along 1. 
 bank), and k hi-, beyond is a 
 second lake in a rocky amphi¬ 
 theatre, wooded, and with a fine 
 view. 
 
 ^ The Ildllengehirge form the S. 
 side of the valley, extending from 
 the Traun See to the Atter See. 
 
 The Eranahithsattel, a depres¬ 
 sion at their E. end, is ascended 
 in 3 hrs. from the Erehr Alp in its 
 lower portion : panorama, one of 
 the best, includes 11 lakes.] 
 
 The drive is beautiful up the 
 valley of the Traun under the 
 Hollengebirge rt. On the oppo¬ 
 site side 
 
 The Offensee Thai opens E. 4 m, 
 [with a good rd. leading in 3 hrs. 
 to a lake of same name, where 
 is an Imperial hunting-lodge.] 
 
97 
 
 Bte. 'im.—The SALZKA:\niERGUT. 
 
 9S 
 
 Below this, on the same side, 
 the precipices of the Hohe 
 Schrott line the valley. These 
 form the western end of that 
 vast limestone plateau, the Todte 
 Gehirge. 
 
 4 m. A Road is passed rt. [leading 
 over a low watershed to the 
 Attersee, 2 hrs.], and the beautiful 
 wooded basin opens, in Avhich is 
 placed 
 
 34 
 
 m. Ischl. (Inns; Bauer’s Hotel, 
 on the Calvarienberg: unequalled 
 for situation, but the charo’cs 
 high. Hr. B. speaks English. 
 Kaiserin Elizabeth, fine house, 
 rebuilding after fire ; Post, good’ 
 but dear; Kreuz, excellent and 
 moderate. 2nd class : Erzherzog 
 Franz Karl; Baierischer Hot^ 
 Stern). Plenty of lodgings. Tariff 
 of carriages will be foimd in the 
 Inns. 
 
 Till 1822 Ischl was only a 
 small market town at the jimc- 
 tion of the Ischl steeam with the 
 Traun; since then it has become 
 a most fashionable waterin o’¬ 
 Place, spreading its white houses 
 all over the green plain and up 
 the wooded slopes. Mts. sm-- 
 round it on all sides, and 5 or 6 
 valleys radiate as from a cenfr-al 
 point. The present Empress was 
 beti-othed at Ischl, and it is a 
 fiivourite resort of the Imperial 
 family. There is a Theatre, 
 Casino (with reading-room), and 
 Baths, a handsome building with 
 a colonnade, where tchey from 
 cow, goat, and ewe milk, and 
 mineral waters are drunk. 
 Crowded from 7 to 8 a.m., when 
 a band plays. Saline vapour 
 baths are in use; also Mud baths 
 from salt slime; and there is a 
 good swimming bath. 
 
 Protestant service on Sundavs 
 at Goisem. 
 
 Kp. Tyr, & Alps, 
 
 Best points of Yieio are— 
 
 The Imperial Garden at the 
 back of the villa, built by the 
 present Emperor: a most de¬ 
 lightful spot with the finest 
 ;new in Ischl, including the 
 Bach stem. 
 
 The Calvarienberg (W. of the 
 town), and beyond it 
 _ The ruins of Wildenstein Schloss • 
 view nearly as far as lake of 
 Omumden. 
 
 The Carolinen Panorama be¬ 
 hind the bridge on the road to 
 Ebensee. 
 
 Short Excursions. 
 
 The Koloivrat Thurm, hr. 
 up, I hr. doTNTi. 
 
 The Bettenbaeh Mill, hi-s. • 
 and Wildniss, i hr., up a glen 
 fe.E.: a charming walk (which 
 may be prolonged over the rido-e 
 to Aussee, 5 hrs. from Ischl, lo 
 return by the rd.\ 
 
 By the Eesselbach Bavine to the 
 Koth Aim, 3 hrs. View of the 
 Dachstem and 3 lakes. Return 
 oyer Tnixlegg to Rettenbach 
 Mill. 
 
 By the Salzberg, S., i hr., rd. 
 by way of Berneck; contains the 
 salt-mines, similar to those of 
 Hallein. See Rte. 2co. 
 
 ^^i^mitz (5071 ft.). A mt. 
 A.W. between the roads to St 
 ^olfgang and the Attersee, 
 affords a fine panorama. Ascend 
 by the Ischl Thai and up the 
 Lagergraben; and descend by the 
 Ziemitz M ildniss : 5 hi's. up and 
 4 down. 
 
 The Eater Spitz (475 7 ft.), oppo¬ 
 site the Ziemitz, on the S., is 
 another point: go by the Eussen 
 see, hr., peak is 3 hrs. further. 
 
 Guides may be heard of at Edlinger 
 and Hirsch’s, Sessel Triiger OflBce, and 
 ai e paid 2 fl. a day. 
 
 E 
 
99 
 
 nte.. 2m.—The 8ALZKAMMEBGUT, 
 
 100 
 
 Longer Excursions are—■ 
 
 (а) . Lahe of JIallstatt, i day. 
 See below. 
 
 (б) . The beautiful Gosau Lahes, 
 I day; start at 6; car. with 2 
 horses to the Smith’s Inn (beyond 
 Gosau) and back 8^ 11 . ; walk 
 to Vorder See and back, 2 hrs.; 
 Hinter See, 4 hrs. more. See 
 Ete. 204. Take provisions. 
 
 (c) . The Wolfgang Lake, on 
 Salzburg-road, i day. See on 
 the way the Wirers Waterfall, the 
 Schwarzen See, and Wirers Struh 
 (digression of 3 hrs.). St.Wolfgang 
 is 2 hrs. drive from Isciil. See 
 Ete. 240. 
 
 (d) . Ascent of the Schafberg 
 (5836 ft.), 3 hrs. from St. Wolf¬ 
 gang. Inn at the top. On no 
 account omit this, as the ’pano¬ 
 rama is wonderful. See Ete. 240. 
 
 (e) . Aussee, in Styria, lOJm.; 
 4 hrs. drive from Ischl: 3 days of 
 delightful scenery, ist day, see 
 lakes of Grundl and Aussee {sleep 
 at Alt Aussee, good Inn). 2nd day, 
 visit Teplitzersee and Kammer- 
 see. 3rd day return. (Ete. 240.) 
 
 (/). Gmunden See and Falls of 
 the Traun, i day. See above. By 
 car. and steamboat. Dine at 
 Gmunden. 
 
 (p) Chorinskyklause, 7 m., go 
 by Lauffen. A timber dam 
 opened once a week, as announced 
 beforehand in Ischl. See below. 
 
 (/i). The Attersee is reached by 
 a good rd. Turning off from the 
 Ebensee-road, about 3 m. below 
 Ischl, it crosses a low pass and 
 reaches the lake, 9 m., at Weissen¬ 
 bach ; excellent Lin. The lake is 
 about 15 m. long, only interesting 
 at its upper end. There is a rd. 
 only along the E, shore, 
 
 Ischl to Hallstatt. 
 
 From Ischl, the rd., first cross¬ 
 
 ing the Traun, continues up its 
 beautiful valley on rt. bank to 
 
 Lauffen. {Inn: Zum Weissenl m. 
 Eossl.) The valley is here shut 
 in by cliffs, and there is a fall of 
 the Traun. The town is the 
 oldest in the district. Ancient 
 Gothic ch. 
 
 [The valley of the Weissenbacli 
 opens W.; bridge over the Traun, 
 steep ascent ; at i hr. is the 
 Chorinsky Klause. See above.] 
 
 Goisern (Inns: good), a Pro- 2 ^m 
 testant village, and ch. with 
 Protestant service. Scenery be¬ 
 comes bolder, and the Hallstatt 
 Lake comes in view. 
 
 The Eoad divides. 1 m. 
 
 [That to 1 . crosses a pass to 
 Aussee, and is the highway into 
 Styria. Ete. 240.] 
 
 The other, a countiy road, leads 
 down to 
 
 Steg {Inn: good), at the point 2 m. 
 where the Traun issues from 
 the 
 
 Lake of Hallstatt, 5 m. in 
 length, 1 broad; grand and 
 solemn, stretching to the foot of 
 the great mass of the Dachstein 
 S., where the precipices scarcely 
 leave room for a path. On the 
 W. towers the Blassenstein, and 
 on the E. the Sarstein. The 
 Traun flows through it from 
 Aussee, entering at its S.E. corner 
 under the Dachstein. 
 
 There is a small steamer’in connection 
 with the Ischl omnibus, and boats witli 
 2 rowers each can be had at Steg or the 
 Gosau mill, i^m. further, where is nn 
 Inn carriages can drive to. 
 
 Gosau Mill occupies a pro¬ 
 montory on W. shore. 
 
 [From this point the rd. no 
 
101 
 
 ate. 203.—The 8ALZKAMWIEBGUT. 
 
 102 
 
 more follows the shore, but tui'iis 
 off W. to Gosau, Abtenau, and 
 Golling. See Kte. 204.] 
 
 5 m. Hallstatt ^1769 ft.). (Tnns' 
 Seeaiier; Post; both on the 
 lake ; fair. Delicious fish.) Vill. 
 of 1400 Inhab., 900 of them’ 
 Piotestants (Lutheran CJi.); sin¬ 
 gularly situated; houses stuck 
 like swallows’ nests against the 
 steejD ^ side of the mt.; stair¬ 
 cases instead of streets; no com¬ 
 munication with it but by boats 
 or mountain paths. Ch. ancient 
 and remarkable ; a double nave ; 
 fine view from its terrace. Sun is 
 never seen from Nov. to Feb. 
 Pretty sight on Sunday morning 
 to see the boats crossing to ch 
 on all sides. 
 
 The Salt-ioorhs, 5 hr. along the 
 shore, are very large. See Introd., 
 Sect. 2. 
 
 Excursions, 
 
 (а) . The Hirsclibrunn and the 
 Kessel are 2 singular intermittent 
 springs, not far beyond the salt¬ 
 works. 
 
 (б) . The Waldhach Strub, chief 
 waterfall in the Salzkammergut, 
 
 m. up the beautiful valley of 
 Echern, behind Hallstatt. 3 falls. 
 The first is 300 ft. high, but the 
 middle foil is the most pictur¬ 
 esque. 
 
 Some 200 yds. from the fill 
 towards Hallstatt, a path 1. leads 
 to an extraordinary staircase up 
 the face of a rock. From the top 
 through a pine forest, i hr., to a 
 miners’ vill., and thence easy 
 descent to Rudolfs Tower. From 
 waterfall to Hallstatt this wav. 
 
 4 hrs. 
 
 (c). Budolfs Toiver, 1150 ft. 
 above the lake, on a projecting 
 rock ; erected by Emj). Albert, 
 
 1284, to defend the salt-mines 
 against the Archbp. of Salz- 
 buig, and named after Rudolf 
 or Habsburg. Ascent is by an 
 almost continuous staircase, h hr. 
 Manager of the mines resides in 
 It, and there is an interesting 
 collection —fossils, minerals Cel- 
 tic and Roman antiquities, &c. 
 050 Celtic graves have been 
 opened near, probably of Celtic 
 miners. Descent may be made 
 by a charming walk, 2I hrs., down 
 to the Gosau Mill on the lake. 
 
 _ {d). The Salt-mines are 500 ft, 
 Ingher than Rudolf’s Tower, and 
 the highest level is 4000 ft. above 
 sea. For mode of working see 
 Introd. and Hallein : Rte. 200. 
 
 _ (e). The Blassenstein, 6300 ft 
 «ses W. of Hallstatt. Rudolfs 
 lower,_ occupying one of its 
 spurs, is j^assed on the ascent, 
 
 4 hrs. m all. Kee|) some dis¬ 
 tance W. along the plateau be¬ 
 yond the tower, and then work 
 • uji the rocky steeps, always 
 bearing 1. to the final peak, 
 whence is one of the grandest 
 views of the district. 
 
 if). To the Ilintersee, the up- 
 peimost of the Gosau lakes, is 
 a laborious walk of 10 hrs. fiW 
 Hallstatt, but one of the grandest 
 and wildest in these mts^ 5 hrs 
 to the summit of the Verfallenes ' 
 Alp, noble views of the Dachstein. 
 On descent, the Hintersee lies be¬ 
 low like a tm-quoise. (Rte. 204.) 
 
 (p). To the Vordersee is an 
 easier and lower path, working 
 round S. and W. of the Blassen¬ 
 stein. 
 
 {h). To Aussee, 9 m. (boat to E. 
 end of tke lake), and i m. further 
 IS Oder Traun (vill. of 400 Inhab.), 
 where a char may be hired for 
 Aussee, up the ravine of the 
 Traun by a good rd. between 
 the Sarstein 1. and the Kopjien- 
 
 E 2 
 
Bte. 203 .—The SALZKAMMERGUT. 
 
 104 
 
 102 
 
 stein rt. In tlie latter is a re¬ 
 markable cavern, the Koppen- 
 briiller, occasionally illuminated 
 and visited from Hallstatt (there 
 and back in 4 hrs.). Aussee is in 
 Styria, described Ete. 240. (A 
 private car. can wait either at 
 Aussee or Steg while the traveller 
 visits Hallstatt.) 
 
 To ascend the Sarstein (6558 
 ft.), cross the lake to Kalkofen and 
 climb by the Schanze to the 
 Sarstein Alp, where you can sleep. 
 Panorama from the summit is 
 admirable. 
 
 (^). The Dachstein Glaciers offer 
 the grandest excursion from Hall¬ 
 statt. 
 
 The Dachstein is a _ general 
 term applied to a vast limestone 
 plateau, one of a series of isolated 
 groups stretching from the Vor- 
 arlberg on the W., along the S. 
 side of the valley of Inn through 
 Salzburg, and eastward almost to 
 Vienna. The mts. of Berchtes- 
 gaden and the Tannengebirge in 
 Salzburg belong to this series, and 
 are the immediate neighbours of 
 the Dachstein on the W. The Tod- 
 tegebirge form the next group 
 on theE. The Dachstein plateau 
 rises to a precipice on its S. edge, 
 with an average height of 8000 
 ft.; towards the N. it sinks to 
 about 5500 ft. The 3 highest 
 points are the Dachstein proper, 
 the corner-stone of Styria, Salz¬ 
 burg, and Austria; the Klein 
 Dachstein, and the Thorstein, all 
 at S.W. corner of the mass; but 
 there are many others, mostly very 
 difficult of access. There are 2 
 glaciers streaming N. and N.W. 
 from the Hohe Dachstein. The 
 first, called Karls Kisfeld, in 
 honour of a visit from the Arch¬ 
 duke Charles in 1812, is the one 
 usually visited. 
 
 Upon the Plateau are upwards 
 
 of 50 chalets, which are more 
 substantial than those of the W. 
 Alps, and usually very clean. 
 The sparse pasture is exceedingly 
 nourishing, and the butter of the 
 Dachstein is celebrated. 
 
 From Hallstatt to the Dach¬ 
 stein, go by the Walbach Strub or 
 by the Salzberg, and, passing 
 through a rocky wilderness called 
 the Thiergarten, make for the 
 Ochsenivies Alp (6023 ft.), 5 hrs., 
 where Seeauer of Hallstatt has 
 built a hut which supplies night 
 quarters, &c. . (Beyond, is the 
 ascent to the Ochsenivies JIdhe, 
 a ridge which offers the first 
 near view of the Dachstein; in 
 I hr. from the hut the Tauben 
 Kahr is reached, and i hr. fur¬ 
 ther brings to the Klinger’s Hohe, 
 which overlooks the glacier, and 
 is a fine point of view). From 
 Ochsenwies hut it is i J hr. to the 
 edge of the glacier, at the upper- 
 end of which is the peak of the 
 Dachstein. ' The ascent of this is 
 now made comparatively easy by 
 a ladder left at the Bergschrund 
 at its foot, and by iron rings and 
 ropes up the peak itself (helps 
 provided by Prof. Simony, the 
 chief explorer of the Daclistein): 
 the summit (9841 ft.) is reached 
 from the Bergschrund in J hr. 
 The expedition is frequently 
 made, and a mule-track is making 
 to the Ochsenwies Alp. 
 
 ( 7 r). Another route to the Dach¬ 
 stein is from Ober Traun, by 
 Wiiikl, to Ober Schafeck Alp, 2| 
 lirs.; thence to the Krippen 
 brunn (whence is a track 1. by 
 the Loiver Gjaidstein and Kop- 
 peneck to Kamsau and Schlad- 
 ming in the Ennsthal). The track 
 then leads rt, in 3 hrs., to the 
 huts of the desolate Gjaid Alp 
 (5392 ft.). 2 hrs. further is the 
 
 Taubenkahr, mentioned above. 
 
105 Bte. m.~^LAKE of HALLSTA TT to 8 ALZJB UR G. 100 
 
 Guides: Karl Scliupfen and Loj'dl of 
 Ilallstatt are the two best, also Stocker 
 and Zauner. Ordinary pay 2 fl. per day, 
 except for the iJachstein, for which 2 
 guides are always required. 
 
 ( l ) . From tlie Gjaid Alp tlie 
 Kripijenstein (6960 ft.) may be 
 ascended in 3 hrs: central point 
 for View over tlie whole Dach- 
 stein Plateau. 
 
 (m) . In 1866 Mr. Tuckett, after 
 ascending the Dachstein from the 
 Ochsenwies Alp, made a descent 
 to Kamsau and Schladming in 
 the Ennsthal, by crossing a de¬ 
 pression in the ridge above the 
 S.E. angle of the Kaiis-Eisfeld 
 glacier (Hohe Gjaidstein Joch, 
 8500 to 9000 ft.). Time : Col to 
 end of glacier J hr.; thence to 
 brow overlooking Kamsau hr.; 
 to Kamsau ch. hr.; and i hr. 
 to Schladming. 
 
 Rte. 204. — The LAKE of 
 HALLSTATT to GOLLINK 
 and SALZBURG, by GOSAU 
 and ABTENAU. 
 
 HALLSTATT to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Gosau . . 6 
 
 Abtenau . . ir 
 
 Golling . .11 
 
 Salzburg . 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 . ^ 
 
 47 
 
 A decent country road, but occasionally 
 rough and steep. A visit to the Gosau 
 Lakes requires a detour of a few miles 
 and must be partly done on foot or 
 horseback. 
 
 This rte. leads through a fine 
 tract of country; and if a visit to 
 the Gosau lalces be included, tlie 
 traveller will be highly rewarded. 
 Lying between two arms of the 
 Dachstein they offer as noble a 
 piece of scenery as any in the 
 Salzkanimergut. The descent 
 of the Lammerthal, beyond Ab¬ 
 tenau, along the N. foot of the 
 Tannengebirge, is also striking. 
 
 From Hallstatt vill. the pedes- 
 trian may cross to the Gosau 
 lakes by way of Kudolf’s Tower, 
 the Plankenstein Alp, and the 
 “quarry,” 5, hrs., but a carriage 
 must start from 
 
 Gosau Mill, on the Hallstatt 
 lake. {Inn). 5 mins, from this 
 the rd. passes under the Gosau- 
 zwmig, an aqueduct 130 ft. high, 
 conveying the brine from Hall¬ 
 statt to Ebensee. 
 
 The road ascends steeply a 
 narrow and picturesque glen, 
 down which rushes the Gosau- 
 bach, (geology of the rocks here 
 is interesting), and finally opens 
 upon the verdant valley of Gosau, 
 backed by the pinnacles of the 
 Donnerkogel (6748 ft.) and Zor- 
 nigkogel, belonging to the great 
 Dachstein mass, “ a gorgeous 
 serrated barrier.” The valley 
 formerly belonged to Salzburg, 
 then to Styria. Inhab. chiefiy 
 Protestants in scattered groups of 
 houses. 
 
 Vorder Gosau (7455 ft.). (Jwn;G 
 Brandwirth, uncivil and dear.) 
 
 [At this point the rd. tq the 
 Gosau lakes turns off, and ascends 
 to Hinter Gosau, 2| m.; Inn, Beim 
 Schmied, rough, but civil and 
 moderate, 6 beds: rd. ends here, 
 and horses can be obtained. The 
 smith and his brother are good 
 guides. 
 
107 Rte. 204 :.—LAKE of IIALL 8 TATT to SALZBURG. 108 
 
 2 m. or I hr, of further ascent 
 leads to the Voi-der See, a beau¬ 
 tiful lake, with precipices on 
 either side, and in the back¬ 
 ground the glaciers and peak 
 of tlio Thorstein (9657 ft.): best 
 point of view is a shed near 
 the Klausenliaus. A boat may 
 sometimes be had; if not, a path 
 goes on the W. side, through 
 wood, and then climbs 1000 ft. 
 higher, i hr., to the Ilinter See 
 (4077 ft.), of a peculiar pale green 
 colour, set in a solemn majestic 
 scene under the Thorstein. 
 There is a hut beyond, where it 
 is possible to sleep before ascend¬ 
 ing the glaciers in the morning. 
 The smith provides fuel and pro¬ 
 visions. The ascent of the Dach- 
 stein can also be made in this 
 direction in 5 hrs.; quicker than 
 from Hallstatt, but with more 
 danger.j 
 
 [The ascent of the Zwieselalp 
 is a frequent excursion from the 
 Smith’s Inn, at Hinter Gosau, an 
 easy climb of 2^ hrs., practicable 
 for horses; view splendid. The 
 Tannengebh’ge rt., the Dachstein 
 1 ., and in the distance S. the 
 high Noric chain. Descent may 
 be made to Abtenau in 3 hrs.J 
 
 From Vorder Gosau the road 
 ascends the wooded gorge leading 
 to 
 
 Pass Geschiitt, or Gsohied (3246 
 ft.). Inn on the summit, which 
 is the frontier of Salzburg. Pass¬ 
 ing through vill. of 
 
 3 m. Russbach, where the cele¬ 
 brated Gosau fossils may be ob¬ 
 tained, the rd. descends into the 
 Lammerthal, crosses its stream, 
 and reaches 
 
 Abtenau. f {Inns ; Post; Gol- 8 m. 
 dene Ochse, both good). A small 
 cheerful town at the foot of tho 
 Tannengebirge (which can bo 
 ascended from this point), and in 
 the midst of a quiet pastoral 
 valley. High up in the face of 
 the Tannengebirge is seen its 
 largest cave, the Frauenloch. [A 
 road leads S, into the Styrian post 
 rd,, between Hiittau and Rad- 
 stadt.] 
 
 [The BichlfaUin the Au I’hal, 
 is reached by a path from Abte¬ 
 nau in 11 hr. N.; curious cavities 
 in the bed of tho stream are 
 passed fsimilar to the “Oefen,” 
 near Gelling), and at the water¬ 
 fall a woodman perilously hanging 
 by a rope is frequently employed 
 to detach the logs caught on their 
 descent. A pedestrian can reach 
 Golling hence in 3 lus.] 
 
 From Abtenau the road climbs 
 the ridge of the Strupherg before 
 reaching again the Lammer, 
 which (an Imi, near) it crosses 
 
 by 
 
 A long bridge. The valley 4 m. 
 is now very picturesque, but soli¬ 
 tary, the Tannengebirge rising 
 forest-clothed on the S. At 
 
 Scheffau is an interesting old 4 m, 
 ch. of the 14th cent, with pic¬ 
 tures by AVohlgemuth, a pupil of 
 Albert Durer. The rd. enters 
 the Salzburg post-rd. a little 
 above 
 
 Golling. {Inn: Post, fair.) 3 m. 
 See Rte. 200. Hence to 
 
 Salzburg, Rte. 195. 
 
 19 m. 
 
SECTION III. 
 
 --*<>«- 
 
 TYEOL AND VOEAELBERG. 
 
 INTEODUCTORY INFORMATION. 
 
 Boundaries of the Provinces .— Northern Tyrol :— Scenery — Inhabit¬ 
 ants—History .— The Central Alpine Eange: —The Oetz Thai, 
 Stubay Thai, and Ziller Thai Mountain Groups .— The Noric 
 Range.—Roads over the Main Chain. —S. E. Tyrol; —The Dolo¬ 
 mite Mountains—The Four chief Dolomite Valleys — Inhabitants. 
 —S.W. Tyrol :— Orteler, Adamello, and Brenta Alta Groups .— 
 Tours through Tyrol. 
 
 route col. 
 
 211 Feldkirch to Coii’e, by 
 
 the Luziensteig . .127 
 
 212 Bregenz, on the Lake of 
 
 Constance, to Inns¬ 
 bruck, by the Arlberg . .129 
 212A Bregenz to Eeutte, by 
 the Bregenzer Wald 
 and Lech Thai. . .144 
 
 213 Innsbruck to Landeck, 
 
 Meran, and Botzen, by 
 the Finstermunz Pass . 151 
 
 214 Milan to Innsbruck, by 
 
 the Pass of the Stelvio 
 (Stilfser Joch) . , .164 
 
 214A Bormio to Male, in 
 
 Val di Sole . . . 183 
 
 215 The Oetz Thai, Pitz 
 
 Thai, and Kauns Thai. 
 Innsbruck to Meran, 
 by the Timbler Joch; 
 or by the Fender Thai 
 and Hoch Joch or Nie- 
 der Joch . . . .189 
 
 215 A The Stubay Thai. Inns¬ 
 
 bruck to the Oetzthal 208 
 
 216 Meran to S ter zing, by 
 
 the Passeyr Thai and 
 Pass of the Jaufen* . 218 
 
 ROUTE COL. 
 
 2i6a Botzen to Sterzing or 
 the Passeyrthal, by the 
 Sarn Thai . , . .222 
 
 217 Innsbruck to Verona, 
 
 by the Brenner Pass, 
 Botzen, and Trent. . 225 
 
 218 Eoveredo to Riva and 
 
 Peschiera, by the Logo 
 di Garda . . . .248 
 
 219 Trent to Riva, on the 
 
 Lago di Garda. . .253 
 
 220 Trent to Edolo, by the 
 
 Valleys of Non and 
 Sole and Pass of Monte 
 
 Tonale .256 
 
 220A Meran or Botzen to 
 Brescia, by Val Ren- 
 dena and the Giudi- 
 caria .265 
 
 221 Trent to Cortina d’Am¬ 
 
 pezzo, by the Fleimser 
 Thai, Val Fassa, the 
 Fedaia Pass, Caprile, 
 and Pass of Gusella . 280 
 
 222 Trent to Venice, by 
 
 ValSugana. . . .294 
 
 2 22A Primolano, in Val Su- 
 gana, to Cortina d’Am- 
 
Ill 
 
 TYBOL: INTRODUCTOBY INFORMATION. 
 
 112 
 
 ROTTTE COL. 
 
 pezzo, by Primiero, 
 Agordo, and Caprile . 301 
 
 223 Brixen to Villach, by the 
 
 Buster Thai . . .310 
 
 223A The Gail Thai, from 
 Sillian, in the Blister 
 Thai, to Villach on the 
 Brave; also Pass of 
 Sta. Croce . . . .320 
 
 224 Brunecken, in Pnster- 
 
 thal, to Heiligenblut, 
 by Antholz, the Valley 
 of Tefereggen, and the 
 kaiser Thai . . .324 
 
 224A Windisch Matrei to 
 Brunecken, by Pregra- 
 ten and St. Jacob . .331 
 
 224B St. Jacob to Heiligen- 
 geist, by the Ochsen- 
 leute Tauern . . .333 
 
 225 Brunecken to Zell, in 
 
 the Ziller Thai, by 
 Valley of Taufers and 
 the krimler Tauern . 335 
 2 25A Heiligengeist, in the 
 Ahren Thai, to Wind¬ 
 isch Matrei, in the 
 Isel Thai . . . .341 
 
 226 Lienz, in the Puster- 
 
 thal, to Mittersill, in 
 the Pinzgau, by Wind¬ 
 isch Matrei and the 
 Velber Tauern . . .343 
 
 227 Brunecken, through the 
 
 Gader Thai (Enne- 
 berg), to Cortina d’Ain- 
 
 EOUTB COL. 
 
 pezzo; or, by the Gro- 
 den Thai, to Botzen . 346 
 
 228 Innsbruck to Venice, by 
 
 Brunecken and Pass of 
 Ampezzo . . . .357 
 
 228a Innichen, in Puster- 
 
 thal, to Pieve di Ca- 
 dore, by the Sexten 
 Thai , . . . .369 
 
 229 Salzburg to Innsbruck . 374 
 229A (234 in S. Germ. 
 
 Handbooli) Worgl, in 
 Inn Thai, to Gastein, 
 by Kitzbiihl and Mitter¬ 
 sill .380 
 
 230 Innsbruck to Gastein or 
 
 Salzburg, by the Ziller 
 Thai, the Gerlos Pass, 
 and the Pinzgau . .382 
 
 231 Sondrio, in the Valtel- 
 
 line, to Brescia, by the 
 Passof Aprica, ValCa- 
 monica, and Lago Iseo. 400 
 23 lA Brescia to Eiva, by 
 
 Lago d’Idro . . . 404 
 
 232 Eoveredo to Vicenza, by 
 
 the Valle dei Signori 
 and Schio, with Excur¬ 
 sions to the Sette Co¬ 
 muni and Baths of Ee- 
 
 cOcXio • • • • • 4^^ 
 
 23 2A Vicenza to Schio, by 
 
 the Baths of Recoaro . 414 
 
 233 Schio to Belluno, by 
 
 Bassano and EeZfre • 417 
 
 Sketch of Tyhol. 
 
 I'he general character of the scenery 
 of Tyrol has been indicated in the 
 preliminary sketch of the Eastern 
 Alps: some special points remain to 
 be noticed. The Province is bounded 
 on the N. by Bavaria, the frontier 
 following the chief summits of the 
 range of mountains N. of the Inn, 
 
 at a distance of from 10 to 20 m. 
 from that river. Switzerland lies 
 along its W. border (if the Vorarl- 
 berg, which is essentially though not 
 technically one with Tyrol, be in¬ 
 cluded), and by the possession of the 
 upper valley of the Inn (the Enga- 
 dine), makes a large cut into its terri¬ 
 tory on that side. The new kingdom 
 of Italy adjoins the Swiss territoiy, 
 
TYIWL: INHABITANTS. 
 
 114 
 
 113 
 
 and holding the great valley of the 
 Adda (the Yaltelline) and that of the 
 Oglio (Val Camonica), closes up 
 the western frontier to the lake of 
 Garda, of which it leaves to Tyrol 
 only the northern end, and eastern 
 shore. From that point along the 
 S., Tyrol is bordered by the Ita¬ 
 lian Venetian Provinces, which 
 separate it by a broad belt of hill 
 and plain from the head of the 
 Adriatic. Carinthia and Salzburg 
 bound Tyrol on the E. 
 
 The great mountain range, which 
 under the name of the Rhcetian and 
 Noric Alps has been already referred 
 to, cuts Tyrol into two unequal 
 portions, the smaller to the N., the 
 larger to the S., while the latter is 
 again divided by the deep valley ot 
 the Adige, running at right angles 
 with the high chain, into 2 separate 
 areas, the larger to the E., the 
 smaller to the W. Thus for the 
 purposes of the tourist we may 
 speak of Tyrol under the designa¬ 
 tions of Northern, South-Eastern, 
 South-Western, and the Central 
 liange. 
 
 Northern Tyrol consists almost 
 entirely of the valley of the Inn, 
 and its different lateral valleys, all 
 of which on the S. penetrate more 
 or less to the central snowy range. 
 With it, however, may be included 
 for present purposes the Vorarlherg, 
 a small mountain district on the W. 
 extending to the Rhine and Lake of 
 Constance, and in character of sce¬ 
 nery much resembling the Bavarian 
 Highlands, minus their lakes. The 
 mountain of most importance is the 
 Scesa Plana (10,3 70 ft.) on the S.W. 
 border, in the range of the Rhcetikon 
 Alps, which form there the frontier, 
 and present a considerable extent of 
 snow and glacier. 
 
 The Inhabitants of Northern 
 Tyrol are all German, and of truest 
 
 Tyrol tyj)e—finely formed, athletic, 
 and of independent carriage; hardy, 
 industrious, moral, and religious; 
 excessively fond of dancing and 
 music, and excellent shots with the 
 rifle, a heavy clumsy and hereditary 
 instrument. Every village has its 
 shooting-shed, whence target firing 
 is heard on the afternoons of Sundays 
 and holidays. Dancing takes place 
 on most evenings in the rustic inns 
 of the remoter valleys, the men 
 waltzing with each other in capital 
 time, uttering occasional cries, and 
 leaping into the air as in the High¬ 
 land fling, the Kellnerin, or waitress, 
 joining in at every spare moment. 
 Of course no marriage or holiday 
 passes off without its ball, carried 
 on in the same homely style, and in 
 some of the villages of Northern 
 Tyrol the peasants compose and act 
 entire plays—the theatre a space 
 fenced round with planks adjoining 
 the inn, the stage a raised platform, 
 all open to the sky. The subjects 
 ai’e generally taken from Scripture, 
 and the actors are sometimes girls, 
 who enact both male and female 
 characters; satirical improvisation 
 is also not uncommon. 
 
 The labours and incidents of 
 Peasant-life are very similar in 
 all Alpine countries, and the tra¬ 
 veller in Tyrol, especially in this 
 northern portion, will find the same 
 sort of cultivation up to the bases of 
 the rocks, the same resort of tlie 
 cattle to the higher pastures in the 
 summer, and the same features of 
 cheese-making chalet-life, which are 
 familiar to the tourist in Switzer¬ 
 land. There is, however, a greater 
 prevalence of Indian corn and millet 
 in the larger valleys, especially in 
 that of the Inn, while the crops are 
 in many parts done up in sheaves 
 and stuck upon light wooden staves 
 with branching ai’ms to dry, pre¬ 
 senting a most grotesque appearance. 
 
115 
 
 TYROL: INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION. 
 
 116 
 
 like rows of bears on their liind legs. 
 Throughout all Tyrol a greater ex¬ 
 tent of forest marks the scenery, and 
 gives greater prominence to the 
 ti'ades of the Avoodcutter and the 
 charcoal-burner. 
 
 There are now few remains of 
 Costume, except among the women, 
 and on fete-days. The conical hat 
 and feather, and embroidered gay- 
 coloured braces, are, however, still 
 in use. Hessian boots are worn in 
 some districts, and, in a few, the 
 short knee-breeches and stockings. 
 
 The Religion of all Tyrol is Roman 
 Catholic: the inhabitants of some 
 valleys have indeed at different times 
 become Protestant, but the Tyrolese 
 Provincial Government has hitherto 
 always compelled their expatriation. 
 This intolerance is excused by the 
 simple earnest piety of the people, 
 Avhich is very prepossessing. The 
 crowded attendance in the churches, 
 the number of road-side shrines, reli¬ 
 gious pictures, and crucifixes, and 
 more than all the devout service in 
 which the members of every house¬ 
 hold join, on their knees, led by the 
 house-master every evening, testify 
 to the religious feeling of the coun- 
 try; as also do the numerous me¬ 
 mentos of accidental death i^Tod 
 Erinnerungen) in the shape of small 
 pictures by the roadside represent¬ 
 ing the scene and the victim, with a 
 saint or the Virgin in a corner, and 
 a notice beneath, beseeching the 
 traveller’s prayers. 
 
 History .—The principal events in 
 the general history of Tyrol may 
 here be noted. The Romans con¬ 
 quered the country in the time of 
 Augustus, and held it, under the 
 names of Rhsetia and Noricum, for 
 400 years. During the decline of 
 the Empire the Barbarian invaders 
 of Italy also overran and held Tyrol 
 ■—the BavariaiAs on the N., the Lom¬ 
 
 bards on the S. In 788 A.d. the 
 greater part was united under the 
 sceptre of Charlemagne, who was 
 personally concerned in its subjection. 
 On the division of his empire, Tyrol 
 Avas allotted to the German portion 
 of his dominions, to Avhich in 1027 
 the bishoprics of Trent and Brixen 
 Avere added, the country being chiefly 
 in the hands of the two great feudal 
 lords—the Bavarian Counts of Aia- 
 dechs and the Counts of Gorz. In - 
 1248 the i\ndechs portion (Valley 
 of the Inn, &c.) fell to Albert 
 Count of the Vintschgau, who, from 
 his castle of Tyi’ol, near Meran, took 
 the title of Count of Tyrol, the first 
 appearance of the name in history. 
 By marriage and purchase the Count 
 of Gorz eventually became possessor 
 of the whole, and the limits of the 
 country assumed their present shape. 
 In 1363 Margaret Maultascli 
 (Mouth-poke), heiress of the Gorz 
 Counts, tAvice a Avidow but child¬ 
 less, bestowed the country, Avith 
 consent of the Estates, on her cousin 
 Rudolf IV., of Hapsburg, Archduke 
 of Austria, Avith Avhose house after 
 A^arious fluctuations it finally re¬ 
 mained. The ReA'olutionary wars of 
 the French brought them and their 
 allies the Bavarians upon Tyrol, the 
 peasantry of Avhich Avon European 
 renown by their determined resist¬ 
 ance. The year 1809, in particular, 
 Avitnessed the strenuous efforts of the 
 French and BaA^arians to reduce them 
 to subjection, and their heroic defence. 
 Five times in that one year they 
 freed their country from the invaders, 
 only however to be overpowered at 
 last, Avhen the peace of Schonbrunn 
 deprived them of all aid. Of their 
 leaders in this struggle the most 
 noted was Andreas Hofer, an inn¬ 
 keeper of the Passeyr Thai, near 
 Meran, who by honesty of chai-acter 
 as Avell as bravery became chief of 
 the insun-ectiou, and during a short 
 
117 
 
 TYROL: the CENTRAL RANGE. 
 
 118 
 
 period Vicegerent of the Emperor at 
 Innsbruck. There is not a road-pass 
 in Tyrol but has witnessed some 
 scene of this desperate conflict, for 
 the french pushed up columns, and 
 sometimes armies, on all sides, and 
 every defile has its romantic incident 
 or stoiy of the unerring ritle. 
 
 Another source of interest in 
 Tyrol is the abundance of Castle- 
 ruiTis. These crown every feasible 
 crag, while in some places the feudal 
 fortresses are still in tolerable repair, 
 and partially inhabited. 
 
 The Central Eange, which for 
 our present purpose has been de¬ 
 scribed as dividing Tyrol into N. 
 and S., is formed by three principal 
 groups—that of the Oetz Thai on 
 the W., the Stubay Thai group in 
 the centre, and that of the Ztller 
 Thai on the E., the last joining on 
 to the None Range, of which, though 
 it forms the frontier of Salzburg, the 
 southern valleys only belono- to 
 Tyrol. 
 
 Of the above-named groups the 
 Oetz Thai is the most important, as 
 it contains the loftiest summits, and 
 especially the largest area of snow 
 and glacier, for which feature it is 
 remarkable. Its principal peaks are 
 the IVms Kiigel (12,280 ft.), the 
 Wild Spitze (12,389 ft.), and the 
 Similaun Spitze (11,823 ft.); and 
 it is approached by 3 valleys from 
 the N.—the Kaunsthal, Ritzthal, 
 and Oetzthal, the latter forming the 
 key to the whole. 
 
 The Stubay Thai group, closely 
 adjoining the Oetzthal on the E., 
 is a compact but small cluster of 
 snow mountains, named from their 
 principal valley, which penetrates 
 them from the E., opening a little 
 S. of Innsbruck upon the valley of 
 the Sill, and easily approached by 
 the Brenner road. The Zuckerhiiil 
 peak of Wilder Pfaff (11,511 ft.) 
 
 KxiA.Sonhlar Spitzen (11,410 ft.), on 
 the S., are the 2 loftiest summits: 
 a third, in a detached portion on the 
 N.^, is the Schran-Kogel{ll,ilb ft.). 
 
 Tile Ziller Thai group is ap¬ 
 proached by the valley of that name 
 from the N., and by numerous 
 lateral ramifications of the same, 
 reaching up to its extensive glaciers. 
 The Hoch Feil (11,621 ft.) and Mosel 
 Spitze (11,430 ft.) are the loftiest 
 points towards the W., and the Lbffel 
 Spitze (11,072 ft.) is the most noted 
 of the central portion. Several snow 
 mountains of fair elevation follow 
 eastward, to the point where the pass 
 of the Krimler Tauern separates the 
 Ziller Thai group from the more 
 important Noric range, but none of 
 them seem to stand out prominently 
 from the rest. 
 
 The Noric Range, of which only 
 the southern slope belongs to Tyrol, 
 commences at the Krimler Tauern 
 with the Drei Herrn Spitze in close 
 contiguity with the loftier Gross 
 Venediger (12,052 ft.), whence it 
 stretches eastwai’d in masses of snow 
 and glacier to the noble Gross 
 Glockner{i2,^()^ ft.) on the frontier 
 of Carinthia. The chief interest of 
 N. Tyrol undoubtedly belongs to 
 the three groups just described, the 
 best and most varied appi-oaches to 
 which are all from the N. 
 
 There are only two carriage roads 
 by which N. Tyrol communicates 
 with the S. across the main chain— 
 that of Finstermiinz and the Eeschen 
 Scheideck, which passes to the W. 
 ot the Oetzthal group; and the 
 Brenner road between Innsbruck and 
 Botzen, which crosses between the 
 Stubay and the Ziller Thai groups. 
 Neither of them is comparable to any 
 of the chief Swiss carriage-roads 
 across the Alps, but the first of them 
 is famous for the Finstermiinz gorge, 
 and further S. for the fine distant 
 view it gives of the Orteler Spitze. 
 
119 TYIiOL: INTEODUCTOHY INFOmiATION. 120 
 
 There are numerous paths or tracks 
 across the different snowy ranges, but 
 very few of them are frequented 
 mule-tracks, and the Tyrolese are 
 little inclined to taking horses over 
 those which are not in use for this 
 purpose. This, with the absence of 
 the large tourist hotels common in 
 Switzerland, prevents ladies from 
 seeing so much of the ice scenery as 
 they usually do in that country; but 
 the number and variety of the tracks 
 afford excellent opportunities for 
 pedestrianism. 
 
 South of the great chain lie the 
 two portions of Tyrol separated by 
 the Eisack and the Adige. 
 
 South-Eastern Tyrol, the 
 larger of the two, may be first briefly 
 described. In looking at this block 
 of country the great valley of the 
 Pusterthal, running E. and W., will 
 at once suggest itself as a dividing 
 line, and it is ti'uly so, as marking off 
 to the S. a very distinct tract of 
 mountain country. That to the N. 
 of this line derives its interest from 
 the proximity of the snowy chain 
 with which almost all its valleys are 
 connected, and which displays, gene¬ 
 rally speaking, finer scenery on the 
 S. than on the N. On this side of 
 it the loftier mountains of the Ziller 
 Thai group come more into view; 
 and the still nobler ones of the ad¬ 
 joining Noric chain—the Venediger 
 and the Gross Glockner—dominate 
 over the scenery. In this tract of 
 country also are several isolated 
 snowy groups, such as those of 
 Antholz, Teffereggen, and Kals, be¬ 
 tween which and the high chain are 
 several fine passes. This portion of 
 Tyrol extends from the Brenner road 
 on the W. to the frontier of Carinthia 
 near Lienz on the E. 
 
 But we now come to the most 
 peculiar region of Tyrol, that of the 
 Dolomite Mts,, which fill the whole 
 
 of the remaining area of South- 
 Eastern Tyrol, and render its scenery 
 distinct from that of any other moun¬ 
 tainous country. The name is de¬ 
 rived from that of M. Dolomieu, who 
 first observed a chemical difference 
 in certain specimens of limestone, 
 and first recognised that difference 
 to attach to the strange-looking 
 mountains he had seen near Botzen. 
 The chemical peculiarity, roughly 
 stated, consists in the union of car¬ 
 bonate of lime with carbonate of 
 magnesia, and a structure more or , 
 less crystallized. It is not an infre¬ 
 quent formation. There are even 
 some mountain groups composed of 
 it elsewhere than in Tyrol, but no¬ 
 where else does it cover so large an 
 area, nearly 4000 squai'e miles, and 
 nowhere else does it so strikingly 
 affect the character of the landscape. 
 Dolomite mountains form a striking 
 contrast to all others in their sin¬ 
 gular whiteness, in their barren 
 sterility, in their abrupt contour, in 
 the innumerable vertical cracks and 
 clefts which traverse their gigantic 
 walls, in their sharp peaks and tooth¬ 
 like ridges, rising many thousand 
 feet into the air, and presenting the 
 roost picturesque outline. Some¬ 
 times they take the appearance of 
 towers and obelisks, in others the 
 points are so numerous and slender 
 that they resemble a bundle of 
 bayonets or sword - blades. Alto¬ 
 gether they impart an air of novelty 
 and sublimity to the scene which 
 can only be appreciated by those 
 who have viewed it. The supposed 
 origin of Dolomite is as remarkable 
 as anything else about it. The 
 latest theory upon a subject, still 
 very obscure, represents them as 
 ancient coral reefs, built in some 
 instances upon the ruins of extinct 
 volcanoes, and lifted fi-om the depths 
 of a primeval ocean. The fact that 
 augite porphyry frequently underlies 
 
121 
 
 TYROL: DOLOMITE MOUNTAINS. 
 
 122 
 
 and interpenetrates dolomite sug¬ 
 gested at one time an igneous 
 origin.* 
 
 The Handbook for S. Germany 
 from the first drew particular atten¬ 
 tion to these mountains, but they 
 attracted little notice, and their 
 remote valleys were scarcely visited 
 by a single tourist till in 1864 
 Messrs. Gilbert and Churchill pub¬ 
 lished a narrative of their rambles 
 and adventures among the Dolomites, 
 covering the entire district, which, 
 accompanied by numerous illustra¬ 
 tions and a scientific description, 
 immediately opened up this new and 
 charming region to all lovers of 
 scenery. To this work, ‘ The Dolo¬ 
 mite Mountains,’ &c. (Longmans), 
 travellers are referred for the fullest 
 information yet given concerning 
 this portion of the Eastern Alps. 
 Tourists have now begun to pene¬ 
 trate the secluded valleys, and the 
 accommodation is accordingly rapidly 
 improving. 
 
 Only one carriage - road passes 
 through the dolomite district, that 
 of the Ampezzo, which forms an 
 easy route from Innsbruck to Venice. 
 A few country roads also penetrate it 
 for a short distance, as from Belluno 
 on the S., from Piece di Cadore on 
 the E., from Kollman near Botzen 
 on the W., and from Brunecken on 
 the N. With these exceptions the 
 whole district is traversed only by 
 mule-tracks. 
 
 Four valleys singulai ly diverging 
 from one common centre (a huge 
 
 * See Von Richthofen’s ‘Geologische 
 Beschreibung der Umgegend von Pre- 
 dazzo, St. Cassian und der Seisser Alp,’ 
 with Geological Map and Sections, i vol. 
 4to, Perthes, Jena, i860. His coral-reef 
 theory has been recently discussed by 
 P. Scheerer, in a paper (pp. i-j j) entitled 
 ‘ Beitrage zur Erkliirung der Dolomit- 
 bildung niit besonderer Hinsicht auf die 
 Dolomit Sud-'l’irols. Leonhard und 
 Geinitz neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie,’ 
 <fec. Stutgart, 1866. ist Heft. 
 
 mass of terraced dolomite, the Sella 
 Spitze) open up a great portion of 
 the dolomite country. These are, 
 1st, the Gader TAa^, which, running 
 in a direct course northward, enters 
 .the Pusterthal near Brunecken. It 
 is only the head of this valley, 
 however, that introduces the traveller 
 to dolomite scenery. 2nd, the 
 Grbden Thai, a short v^alley opening 
 to the W. upon the valley of the 
 Eisack at Kollman. This also is 
 dolomite only at its upper extremity; 
 but one of the most remarkable of 
 the dolomite mountains, the Lang- 
 liofel, is there strikingly displayed, 
 and it leads directly up to the vast 
 walls of the Sella Spitze. 3rd, the 
 Val Fassa, watered by the Avisio, 
 which descends S.W. to the Adige, 
 near Trent. This gives direct access 
 to the Marmolata (11,465 ft.), the 
 loftiest mountain of the whole dis¬ 
 trict, and to the Rosengarten, one 
 of the most picturesque among dolo¬ 
 mite forms. The 4th is ih^ Livina- 
 lungo, traversed by the Cordevole, 
 which, rising at the back of the 
 Marmolata, and passing through the 
 small lake of Alleghe, overhung by 
 the magnificent precipices of Alonte 
 Civita, issues directly S. into the 
 Val di Mel, near Belluno. 
 
 These 4 valleys, along with that 
 of the Cismone on the S., leading to 
 the extraordinary scenery of Primiero, 
 penetrate the country lying on the 
 western side of the Ampezzo road. 
 This latter road ascends from the S. 
 by the Piave and the Boita, and 
 passes through some of the finest 
 dolomite scenery, though it can be 
 little appreciated from the road 
 itself. In this direction are the 
 Antelao, Sasso di Pelrno, Groda 
 Malcora (or Sorapiss), and Tofana, 
 all mountains considerably exceeding 
 10,000 ft. E. of this, and reached 
 by ascending the Piave to its head, 
 and exploring its lateral valleys, is 
 
the romantic dolomite region of Au- 
 and over a low col north¬ 
 ward the very striking tallexj of 
 Sexten, opening on the Pustei thal, 
 near Innichen. The whole district 
 is bounded, speaking generally, by 
 the valleys of the Eisack and Adige 
 on the W., by the Fusterthal on the 
 N., by the Val Sugana and Val di 
 IMel on the S., and partly by the 
 valley of the Piave on the E. Its 
 area may be reckoned at 3600 
 square miles. 
 
 The Inhabitants of this S.E. 
 portion of Tyrol are—in the valleys 
 at the foot of the great range— 
 German, like those to the N. of it 
 On its eastern borders there are, 
 however, some indications of an 
 earlier Slavonic population. S. of 
 the Pusterthal, excepting some 
 A’alleys connected with it, in which 
 a Romansch element exists, an 
 Italian race begins to prevail, and 
 Italian is spoken almost all through 
 the Dolomite district. The people 
 here too are poorer, inferior in 
 physique, less cleanly, and accom¬ 
 modation for the traveller suffers 
 accordingly. 
 
 The THIRD DIVISION—SOUTH¬ 
 WESTERN Tyrol —remains to be 
 noticed. This is not inferior in in¬ 
 terest to either of the other two, and 
 in some respects surpasses them. It 
 all lies W. of the Adige, and its 
 finest feature is the magnificent 
 snowy group of the Orteler Spitze 
 (12,814 ft-) hi its northern portion. 
 The Orteler is the loftiest summit, 
 and its associate peaks offer the most 
 striking outlines of any of the snowy 
 ranges of Tyrol. The Avonderful 
 pass of the Stelvio gives the best 
 access to this noble group. It is 
 bounded on the S. by the Tonale 
 Pass, and below this lies a portion 
 of Tyrol hitherto more entirely 
 neglected by the tourist than any 
 
 other, but abounding in romantic 
 scenery. Here the Adamello (11,832 
 ft.) and its compeers rival the Orteler 
 and its neighbours in snowy gran¬ 
 deur. These are on the W. frontier 
 of Tyrol, Avhile parallel to them and 
 nearer the Adige is a singular dolo- 
 mite group, the Brenta Alta (10,433 
 ft.), scarcely yielding in fantastic 
 sublimity to anything in the dolo¬ 
 mite region. This district too is in its 
 southern portion the most thoroughly 
 Itiilian of any in Tyrol, rich in its 
 chestnut Avoodlands, and descending 
 towards the Lake of Garda in deli¬ 
 cious slopes and terraces coA^ered 
 with vineyards and oliA^e - groA'es. 
 The entire population is Italian, 
 and the Italian language, if not the 
 iMce, prevails over most of the 
 northern portion also. 
 
 Prom the above description the 
 traA^eller Avill find that he can arrange 
 for three distinct tours in Tyrol, 
 although^it is easy more or less to 
 combine them. 
 
 Pedestrian Tour (avith help 
 
 FROM StELLAVAGEN) THROUGH 
 
 N. Tyrol. 
 
 Bregenz, by Bregenzer Wald, Etc. 
 212 A, and Lech Thai, to 
 
 Reutte, Rte. 177. 
 
 (Or from Lindau, by Immenstadt, 
 rail, 176 A, and Hindelang, to 
 Reutte). 
 
 Lermoos, Nassereit, and Imst. 
 
 Pitz Thai, or Oetzthal, to Fend. 
 215. 
 
 Ramol Joch to Ob. Gurgl and 
 Solden. 
 
 Over the Winnacher Glacier to 
 Neustiftin Stuhay Thai, Rte. 215 A, 
 by Lisenzer Joch, to Selrain and 
 Innsbruck. 
 
 By Brenner Road (dil.) toStafflach, 
 Rte. 217. 
 
 By Schmirn Thai and Duxer Joch 
 to Ilinterdux, Rte. 230. 
 
m 
 
 TYROL: SKELETON TOURS. 
 
 12< 
 
 Cross into Zem Thai, to Ginzliug 
 (Excursions thence), and on to Mayer- 
 liofen, or Zell, in Ziller Thai, 
 
 (Hence the traveller may cross 
 over into South-Eastern Tyrol by the 
 Krtmler Tauern. See below). 
 
 Zell to Jenbach, and by Achen See, 
 Ete. 188, to Kreuth, thence the 
 Tegern See, and Munich. 
 
 Pedestrian Tour through 
 South-Eastern Tyrol, and 
 THE Dolomites, Rte. 225. 
 
 Lrirnler Tauem as above to 
 Heiligengeist in Ahrn Thai, 225 A. 
 Over Col to Pregraten and 
 ^Vindisch Matrei, 226. 
 
 Lienz, 223 ; car. to 
 Innichen, thence to Sexten, 228 A, 
 and by Fischlein Thai, over col to 
 Auronzo ; thence by the Tre Croci to 
 Cortina, 228 (Excursions), For- 
 cella Piccola, or by road to Pieve di 
 Cadore ; by Longarone, or over col to 
 Foruo, Val di Zoldo, and by Col Dai 
 to 
 
 Caprile, 221, 222 A (Excursions.) 
 (Or,from Cortina direct to Caprile, 
 by J/ife. Gusella or over Mte, Ro¬ 
 che tta). 
 
 Agordo and PHnniero. 
 
 (Or, difficult but much grander, 
 by Valle di San Lucano, Cares, and 
 col, to San Martino and Primiero). 
 
 To Predazzo, 221, and Vigo, Val 
 Fassa (Excursions), Campitello to 
 Grbden Joch, 227, and by Corfara 
 to St. Leonhard, and back over 
 Cresj)ena Joch to St. Ulrich in Groden 
 Thai ; then over Seisser Alp to 
 Ratzes or Castelruth. 
 
 Botzen. (Excursions) 
 
 Short Dolomite Tour trom 
 Botzen. 
 
 By Vbis, Rte. 221, to Ratzes 
 baths (ascend Schlern), over Puf- 
 flatsch and Seisser Alp, to St. 
 Christina in Groden Thai. 
 
 Lang Thai and Crespena Joch to 
 Corfara or St. Leonhard, then over 
 Alp to Buchenstein and Caprile. 
 
 lOr, from St. Leonhard, by Tre 
 Sassi, to Cortina, and by Gusella 
 Pass to Caprile.] 
 
 Over Fedaia Pass to Campitello, 
 Rte. 227. 
 
 Vigo (Excursions) and over Caressa 
 Pass and by Porphyry Gorges to 
 Botzen, Rte. 217. 
 
 Tour through South-Western 
 Tyrol. 
 
 From Botzen, either by Sarnthal 
 and Passeyrthal, Rtes. 216, 216 A, 
 or by road, Rte. 213, to 
 
 Meran, car. to Latsch, then up 
 the Martell Thai, and over col to 
 Sulden Thai, and Trafoi on Stelvio 
 Rd. Rte. 214. 
 
 [Trafoi can be reached by a 
 pedestrian from the N. by way 
 either of Landeck and Finstermiinz, 
 or from the Engadine.J 
 
 Over the Stelvio to Bormio, and 
 up Val Furva to Sta. Catarina, Rte. 
 214 A. Pass of the Corno dei Tre 
 Signori to Pejo, Fusine, and Male 
 in Val di Sole, 220. 
 
 [Or, round from Pejo by Baths 
 of Rabbi to Llale.] 
 
 Male to Dimaro, and by Ginevrie 
 Pass, 220 A, to Pinzolo, Val di 
 Rendena. (Excursions), Villa, and 
 by Val Valentino, and over col to 
 Val di Fum, Daone, and Pieve di 
 Biiono. 
 
 Storo and Lago di Ledro to Riva, 
 218, 219. 
 
 [Thence to Roveredo or Pes- 
 chiera.] 
 
 Lago di Teno and Balino to 
 Baths of Comano (see defile of 
 Sarca), 220 A. 
 
 Lago Molveno and Val Sporreggio 
 to Cles in \Lal di Non, 220, Fondo, 
 and over the Mendola to Botzen, 
 
 
127 
 
 Rte. 2l\.—FELBKIRGHto COIBE. 
 
 128 
 
 Carriage Route through 
 Tyrol. 
 
 Bregenz to Landeck, 212, pass of 
 Finstermiinz toPrad,2i3. (^Excur¬ 
 sion over Stelvio and back, 214*) 
 
 Meran, 213. 
 
 Botzen (Excursions, 217), by 
 Rail to Trent {Excursion to JRiva, 
 219. 
 
 Borgo in ValSugana, 222, and by 
 Primolano to Feltre. 
 
 [6>r, the lovely round by Bassano 
 and Possagno, 233, to Feltre.] 
 
 Belluno (Excursion to Agordo, 
 222 a). 
 
 Fieve di Cadore, 228 (Excursion 
 to Auronzo, 228 a). 
 
 Cortina in Ampezzo, 228. 
 
 Niederndorf, 223 (Excursion to 
 Sexten Thai or to Frags Bad). 
 
 Brunecken, 223 (Excursion to 
 Taufers). 
 
 Mittewald, 217, Sterzing, and 
 Brenner Pass to Innsbruck, 212 
 {^Excursion to Zell, 230). 
 
 Wbrgl, 229 A, 229, and by 
 Reichenhall and Berchtesgaden to 
 Salzburg, 175. 
 
 Or, from Wbrgl by Kitzbiilil, 
 229 A, to Mittersill in Pinzgau {Ex¬ 
 cursion to Kriml, 230), and thence 
 by Saalfelden and Berchtesgaden to 
 Salzburg, 202, 
 
 ROUTES. 
 
 Rte. 211. - FEIDKIECH Vo 
 ’’COIBE, by the LUZIENSTEIG. 
 
 FELDKIRCH to 
 
 ENG. M. ENG. M. 
 
 Vaduz ... 9 Coire . . .12 
 
 Maienfeld. .10 
 
 A post-road, with daily diligence. For 
 quickness travellers take the rly. on 
 opposite ( 1 .) bank of Rhine, driving to 
 Oberreid or Haag Stats. 
 
 This route affords a pleasant 
 drive through Liechtenstein, the 
 smallest state in Europe (Pop. 
 5500 ; • annual revenue, 5000?. ; 
 contingent to the German Fede¬ 
 ration, 55 men); and the Pass of 
 Luziensteig is very charming. 
 
 From Feldkirch the road, after 
 crossing the Ill, passes 
 
 Frontier of Liechtenstein. The 11 
 opening of the Swiss Valley of 
 Toggenhurg is seen opposite, 
 across the Rhine. 
 
 Vaduz {Country Inn), chiel 7 ^ 
 place of the principality, 1800 
 Inhab. Old Castle of the Prince 
 on a steep above; he resides in 
 Vienna, having large possessions 
 in Austria. 
 
 Balzers {Inn: Post, comfort-5 
 able), poor village, Austrian Pass¬ 
 port and Customs Office. 
 
 [A road turns off to a ferry 
 over the Rhine, leading to Sar- 
 gans, and either Wallenstadt or 
 Bagatz. See Swiss Handbook.^ 
 
 Frontier of the Orisons is 
 crossed immediately S. of Bal¬ 
 zers ; a stone shows the arms of 
 Liechstenstein on one side, and 
 those of the Orisons on the 
 other. 
 
 tv|M 
 
Bte. 212.~BIIEGENZ to INNSBRUCK, 
 
 130 
 
 Tlie road now turns away from 
 the liliine, and ascends towards 
 the 
 
 Oberreid or Haag Stats, (post carriage 
 daily from latter), but no time is saved 
 upon the whole. 
 
 Pass of Luziensteig {Inn), 2238 
 ft. above sea, between the Eal/c- 
 mss 1. E., and Fldscherherg rt. W. 
 (The former can be ascended from 
 the N. side; the latter is an easy 
 detour, and each displays a noble 
 Vieiv.) A Swiss Fortress now 
 guards the pass, which in 1799 
 was defended by the peasants 
 against Massena. Ancient Ch. of 
 St. Lucius. Beautiful descent to 
 
 An interesting but not the 
 inost striking entrance into Tyrol 
 thiougli the VoTarlhevg, or counti’y 
 m front of the Arlberg (A dler Berg); 
 the latter a low mountain pass 
 forming^ the Tyrol frontier. On 
 me S. it is separated from the 
 Orisons (Switzerland) by the 
 Rhsetikon range of Alps, con¬ 
 taining very fine scenery. The 
 whole is Austrian territory. 
 
 i|m. Maienfeld {Inn: Alte Post^ 
 Thence by rail or road to . " 
 
 :2 m. Coire. See Swiss Handbook 
 (Inns: Lukmanier’s, near station, 
 _ good; several others). 
 
 I 
 
 t Rte. 212.—BREGENZ, on the 
 LAKE of CONSTANCE, to 
 INNSBRUCK, by the PASS of 
 the ARLBERG. * 
 
 Bregenz (Lms: Golden Adler 
 (Post), good; Oesterreichischer 
 Hof, near the steamer, good • 
 Schwarzer Adler), chief town of 
 the province. Pop. 2300 ; prettily 
 situated; place of considerable 
 tiaffic; was the Bregantium of 
 Stiabo, and spot where Tiberius 
 and Drusus fought the Vindelici. 
 Fine Views from the Eregenzcr 
 Klause, 5 hour s walk, and from 
 the Gebhardsberg, f hour’s ascent, 
 a most beautiful panorama, a 
 castle of the Counts of Montfort 
 and a ch. on the summit. 
 
 . Ascent of the Pfdndler, 3264 ft., 
 N.E. of Bregenz, can be made in 
 22 hours, and well repays the 
 climb. Way difficult to find. 
 
 Steamboats call at Bregenz daily 
 landing passengers at principal points on 
 shores ot the lake. To Lindau, by road, 
 
 IS 7 m., crossing the Bavarian frontier 
 half-way. Austrian custom-house. 
 
 t BREGENZ to 
 
 i 1 liNG. M. 
 
 heldkirch . 21^. ! Innsbruck . 
 
 \ Bludenz. . 14 ( _L_ 
 
 Landeck . 47^ 
 
 Eilwagen daily in 25 hrs., communi¬ 
 cating at Landeck with a branch coach 
 to Botzen (Rtes. 211, 217); posting, it is 
 2 or 2i^ days’ journey to Innsbruck. 
 I rom Feldkirch, by niean3.of Laufzettel 
 it on be done in 12 hrs. There is Bad 
 to Feldkirch, by way of Rorschach and 
 Kp, Tyr. & Alps. 
 
 The rd,, ou a dead level and 
 among orchards, crosses the Bre- 
 genzer Aehe flowing from the 
 Bregenzer Wald [for interesting 
 route up this valley, and so either 
 to Landeck or into the Valley of 
 the Lech, see Rte. 212 aJ, and 
 then passes through 
 
 Dornbirn, a large scattered 7i 
 village, 7000 Inhab.: men, carpen- 
 
 p 
 
 I 
 
 m. 
 
131 
 
 Rte. ^n.—BREGENZ to INNSBRUCK. 
 
 132 
 
 G 
 
 ters; women, muslin embroider¬ 
 ers ; 3 or 4 cotton factories, 
 
 m. Hohenembs (3I brs’, walk from 
 Bregenz) {Inn: Post, fair), 3000 
 Inliab. Ch. possesses St. Carlo 
 Borromeo’s cardUial’s bat. Schloss 
 was built 1564. 2 old castles on 
 
 limestone clitfs, Alt and Neu, 
 Ilohenemhs, whence name of 
 town: a path (leiter) cut in the 
 rode leads to them; fine view from 
 the Alt A 92 families of Jews 
 here, with a school and Eabbi. 
 Near 
 
 2 m. Gotzis are ruins of castles of 
 theMontforts, once powerful here. 
 Beyond Altenstadt the hills ap¬ 
 proach nearer the rd., and the sce¬ 
 nery becomes very pictiuesque at 
 
 7 Jm. Feldkircb {Inns: Post; Engel 
 Gabriel), 1600 Inhab., active 
 manufacturing place, several 
 mills and factories driven by the 
 III, which here rushes through a 
 cleft in the hills E. to join the 
 Ehine. The Old Castle {Bchatten- 
 burg) of the Montforts occupies 
 a height. In the Gothic Ch., 1478, 
 is an iron pulpit. At the Bridge 
 Massena was repulsed, and the 
 neighbouring pass was twice 
 strongly contested with the 
 French, 1799 and 1800. Fine 
 View from Margarethen Kopf, a 
 hill J hour’s walk W. 
 
 Daily communication with the trains 
 for Coire or Wallenstadt. 
 
 The road now turns E. up the 
 Valley of the Ill, here called the 
 Wallgau (the Walsch or foreign 
 district; it was once Komansch). 
 
 2 m. A Eoad turns off 1 ., ascends 
 the rt. bank, and leads into the 
 Gross Walserthal {see below). 
 
 ^ m. Frastens. [Here the Samina- 
 
 thal S. would lead the pedestriaii 
 pleasantly into Liechtenstein, and 
 on to Mayenfeld.] At 
 
 Nenzing the Oamperthon- m. 
 tJial opens S. to the Ehmtikon 
 range, an outlier from which, t]ie 
 Fundelhorn, commands the valley 
 on the E. [A path from head of 
 yalley into the Pratigau.] The 
 Gross Walserthal is seen op§n-: 
 ing N.E. 
 
 Bridge. Eoad crosses to rt. 5 m. ^ 
 bank, and the road to the Gross ^ 
 Walserthal turns otf. 
 
 [This fine valley, watered by 
 the Lutzbach, offers 2 interesting 
 paths to the Bregenzer Wald, 
 Thuringen is the first village, with 
 a curious old ch., and the ruins 
 of 2 castles near. At St. Gerold, 
 further on, is the parish ch. and 
 convent. At Sonntag, where the 
 valley forks, is the most pictu¬ 
 resque scenery. In 1 . branch are 
 the Baths of Fontanella, and a 
 path over a ridge to Damils, 
 whence ascent of the Mittagsspitze 
 is made; wonderful view. By the 
 rt. branch is a path to Im ; 
 Schrocken in the Bregenzer 
 Wald, Ete. 212 a.] 
 
 Bludenz {Inns: Post, good 2 m; 
 and moderate ; Schwarzer Adler, j[ 
 
 good), 2000 Inhab., finely situated 
 at head of the VVallgau, with 
 Castle on hill, whence and from ■ 
 
 Ch. fine Vieuf^. ■ 
 
 l^Ascent of the Scesa Plana, or 
 Wetterspitz (10,3 70 ft.), highest of 
 the Eheetikon Alps, is made from 
 the Brandnerthal S.; 3 hours 
 to highest village, then past the 
 Liiner See, strikingly situated, 
 rocks and crevassed glacier near 
 summit. View wonderful. Time, 
 jQ hrs, from Bludenz to summit.] 
 
 Boad divides at Nunnery ofljni 
 
133 
 
 nte. 2\%~BnEGENZ to INNSBRUCK. 
 
 134 
 
 St. Peter; that to rt. leads through 
 a grand defile to 
 
 ; [Valleij of Montafun, S.E., 
 
 very populous, bright in verdure, 
 
 ' famous for its cherry orchards 
 
 and tlie production of kirsch- 
 wasser ; road often shut in 
 I by precipices, and scenery gene¬ 
 rally very fine. Inhab. are 
 grpat wanderers. Scliruns, 12 m. 
 i trom Bludenz, chief place (Bins : 
 
 , Graube; Lowe.)] Beyond this 
 
 ; the Selvretta glaciers begin to 
 
 ! be seen at the head of the 
 I valley, of which the last village 
 , js Batteiien. From this there are 
 2 ivays into the Paznaunthal, by 
 which the pedestrian can regain 
 our^ route near Landeck, and 
 fichieve a very interesting circuit. 
 
 Oyer the Zeyneser Jock 1 , (5998 
 ft.) is the direct course to the 
 Paznaunthal. It is however steep, 
 stony, and boggy. The greater 
 interest is by the Fermuntthal, at 
 the head of which is a noble 
 ampfiitheatre of snowy mtns. 
 Crossing the Bielerjoch 1., the 
 traveller descends at Wirl into 
 Paznaunthal, and joins the route 
 from the Zeyneser Joch. The 
 I stream of this valley is the 
 Trisanna; the principal village 
 Jschgl (whence a ehar-road to 
 Landeck). The highest penk of 
 j the district is the Albuinkopf 
 I (10,608 ft,), at head of a lateral 
 I valley S. of Wirl.] 
 
 ; Our Q-oad 1 . leaves the Ill to 
 ascend' the narrow valley of 
 I Alfenz, or the Kloster Thai 
 
 ;8m. Dalaas (Inn: Post, good 
 country sort). The Arlberg 
 pomes into view; continual ascent 
 through picturesque scenery, and 
 yill. of Klosterle (which narqes 
 ‘ the valley), once g hospice, to 
 
 Stuben, poor vill. of low inns 91 m. 
 for waggoners. Massiye masonry 
 protects from avalanches, and 
 zigzags of the ascent commence. 
 Additional post-horses required, 
 hr, to the summit. Road 
 dating from 1787, im23roved since 
 1835, hut dangerous after heavy 
 rains; rd. rises through a broad 
 hollow to the 
 
 Summit, 5902 ft. (according to 
 another authority 6429 ft.); snow, 
 
 20 ft. deep in winter, often lies 
 from Sept, to July. View fine; 
 Scesa]3lana (here called Wetter- 
 spitz) visible W. by S. [For 
 path N. into the Lech Thai, see 
 Rte. 212 A.] Boundary post of 
 Tyrol is passed, and a short 
 descent brings to 
 
 Hospice of St. Christopher, 5 m. 
 founded by Heinrich Findelkind, 
 once a poor serving lad, who, 
 afiected by the many deaths upon 
 the pass, dedicated his savings, 
 and begged through Europe for 
 the pm-pose. 
 
 Descent is through the Stanzer- 
 that by stream of the Rosanna; 
 steeper than ascent, and dark 
 pine forests indicate a charac¬ 
 teristic feature of Tyrol. 
 
 St. Anton (Inn: Post, j^oor,but 4 J m. 
 well-intentioned), smaU village, . 
 
 Petnen, mostly log-houses* 
 
 Plirsch (Inn : Post, clean, 9 | m. 
 people civil), scenery becomes 
 highly romantic. Cheap violins 
 manufactured in the cottages. 
 
 Castle of Wiesherg is sepn acrqss 
 river at opening of the Paznaunthal 
 (see above), where the Trisanna 
 joins the Rosanna. Charming view 
 
 F 2 
 
135 
 
 nte. 212.—BREGENZ to INNSBRUCK. 
 
 13G 
 
 Koon opens over the Ober Inu- 
 thal, into which rd. descends at 
 
 in. Landeck (Inns : Schwarzer 
 Adler, good, hut dear; Goldner 
 Adler, fair), looo Inhah., beauti¬ 
 fully situated on rt. bank of Inn. 
 Castles of Landech and Schro- 
 fenstein E. and N. [Road S. by 
 pass of Finstermunz, Rte. 213, to 
 Italian Tyrol — either to the 
 Stelvio, Rte. 214, or to Meran 
 and Botzen.] 
 
 Eihvagen daily to Innsbruck, and 4 
 times a week to Botzen. Stellwageii to 
 Innsbruck, 2 fi.j 
 
 l^m. Bridge over the Inn close to 
 Nunnery of Zams. [Path W. over 
 Zainser Joch into the Lechthal, 
 Rte. 212 A.] Lower down, on 
 same side as the convent, is 
 Castle of Kroiiberg on top of a 
 conical rock. 
 
 Road ascends a steep face of 
 precipice near 
 
 7 m. Mils. This was the scene of 
 a Tyrolese ambuscade in the 
 French war. Tlie road leaves 
 the Inn and enters the Gurgl- 
 thal for a short distance to 
 reach 
 
 5|m. Imst {Inn: Post, good), 3000 
 Inhab., destroyed by fire in 1822, 
 formerly a great breeding-place 
 for canary birds. Ascending the 
 Clavarienberg are charming views. 
 The Tsclvurgant (7544 ft.) rises E. 
 of the town ; it can be ascended 
 in 3 hours from Tarrenz (ij hr. 
 . above Imst), and displays a noble 
 prospect. 
 
 [The Bitz Thai opens S. nearly 
 opposite to Imst, leading to the 
 great snowy Oetzthal group, but 
 the finest Excursion is up the 
 noble Oetzthal, opening lower 
 down. (The pedestrian from 
 
 Landeck can avoid Imst by a 
 path at Karren.) See Rte. 215.] 
 
 [From Imst there is an upper 
 hiUy road to Innshruch, with fine 
 views. It ascends tlic Gurgl- 
 thal to Nassereit 9 m. {Inn, 
 
 Post), (here an interesting road 
 goes N. into Bavaria, see Rte. 
 
 177.) Then turning E. it makes 
 a steep ascent (extra posthorse) 
 by a wooded pass to an extensive ‘ 
 undulating plateau, whence the 
 Oetzthal glaciers are finely seen. ^ 
 Ober Miemingen, 9I m. {Inn: i 
 
 (Post), is under the lofty Mie- t 
 minger Berg N. Descent con- ) 
 tinues to Telfs 7 m. in valley of 
 the Inn, whence Innsbruck as 
 below.] 
 
 The lower road from Imst is 
 that of the Eilwagen, It erosses 
 the Pigerbach, leaves to rt. the 
 road which leads into the Pitz- 
 thal, Rte. 215, keeps the 1 . bank 
 of river, rounding the base of 
 the Tscliurgant 1 ., and passing 
 opening of Oetzthal opposite to 
 Mayerbach, whence it crosses the 
 river to 
 
 Haimingen [char-road to the 10 m. 
 Oetzthal, Rte. 215.] 
 
 Castle of Petersberg, on wooded 1 m. 
 rock, rt., birthplace of Margaret 
 Maultasch, who gave Tyrol 
 to Austria; curious old fortress, 
 uiicared for. Chapel is passed 
 where late King of Saxony was 
 killed by an overturn. 
 
 Silz {Inn : Post, good), a large 1 m. 
 village with a handsome new 
 church. 
 
 Stams: on the rt. is the 3 m. 
 Cistercian Convent, founded 1271 
 by the mother of Conradin, the 
 last of the Hohenstaufens. It is 
 
137 
 
 Rte. 2V1.—BREGENZ io INNSBRUCK. 
 
 138 
 
 said his body, obtained from 
 Naples, is buried here. Church 
 rebuilt in 1615, contains a curious 
 altar, and m the subterranean 
 ciiapel are 12 tombs of Counts of 
 Giirz and Tyrol. A fine bas- 
 relief by Colin. The rd. crosses 
 the Inn to 
 
 m. Telfs (Inn: Post). Frescoes 
 in the cb. Obs. stacks of wood 
 by river-side for Hall salt-Avorks. 
 [The upper rd., which tliat from 
 Bavaria has joined at Nassereit, 
 here falls inj 
 
 9 ^ Zirl (^Inns: Post, Lowe), very 
 picturesque; ruins of Scbloss 
 Fragenstein above. 
 
 [Post-road from Munich by 
 Partenkirclien, Pte. 186, and that 
 by the AValchen See, Pte. 187, 
 enter liere.]| 
 
 [^Ascento^ the (965 2 ft.), 
 
 the highest summit in the neigh¬ 
 bourhood of Innsbruck, is best 
 made from here. View extends 
 far into Bavaria.] Passing Zirl, 
 the traveller soon finds himself 
 under a gigantic precipice 1., a 
 buttress of the Sollstein, which 
 projects into the valley of tlie Inn, 
 and is conspicuous for miles: this 
 is the 
 
 i m. Martinswand, famous as a mili- 
 tary position in the old wars, but 
 especially for the adventure of 
 the ^ Emp. Maximilian, who, 
 huntmg chamois, fell, and hung 
 suspended, head downwards, near 
 the summit. Though seen from 
 below, no aid could be rendered 
 till he was accidentally discovered 
 by an outlawed poacher belonging 
 to Zirl, who with great difficulty 
 efiected his rescue. An artificial 
 cave with crucifix 20 ft. high 
 marks the spot, 707 ft. above, and 
 just visible from, the road. 
 
 Innsbruck (Inns: Oesterrei- 8 
 chischer Hof, excellent; Goldene 
 Sonne, comfortable—room, i fl. ; 
 dinner, i fl. 36 kr.; breakfast, 
 36 kr.—opposite each other in 
 the Neustadt; Goldener Adler. 
 2nd class, on 1. bank of Inn, 
 Stern, good and reasonable), capi¬ 
 tal of Tyrol, Pop. 14,000 (1884 ft. 
 above sea), in midst of noble 
 valley scenery. N. is an abrupt 
 and lofty range of mountains; 
 
 S. are lower wooded ranges, 
 backed by the snowy Alj)s of the 
 Brenner and the Stubay, seen at 
 intervals. The river flows with 
 extreme swiftness under the Old 
 Bridge, giving name to the town. 
 
 It is of wood, was the scene of a 
 turious action in 1809, and oft’ers 
 a beautiful-r/etc. A modern chain- 
 hridge GX0Q8e& below the town, and 
 there is a ferry in the interval. 
 
 The Franciscan or Court Ch. 
 (Hof Kirche), date 1553-63, con¬ 
 tains the famous torn!) of Maxi¬ 
 milian, surrounded by 28 co¬ 
 lossal bronze figures of historical 
 personages in their armour as they 
 lived. The tomb itself, which 
 after all does not contain the 
 body, is an exquisite work of 
 art, being surrounded by 24 
 pictures in relief worked in Car¬ 
 rara marble with the delicacy of 
 cameos. The first 4 are by the 
 brothers Abel of Cologne; the 
 others by Colin of Mechlin, and 
 represent the principal events in 
 life of Maximilian. From their 
 faithfulness, both in portraiture 
 and costume, they are of high 
 historical value as well as unique 
 in art. In No. 20 Henry VIII. of 
 England is introduced. For a 
 fee of 35 kr. the coverings pro¬ 
 tecting them are removed by the 
 Sacristan. The Silver Chapel, rt. 
 on entering the ch., so named from 
 a Madonna of solid silver, was 
 
141 
 
 Rte. 2.12.—INNSBBUGKi 
 
 142 
 
 built by the Archduke Ferdinand 
 II. as a mausoleum for himself 
 and the beantifnl Philippina 
 Welser, his wife. The two altar- 
 tombs, with statues, life-size, of 
 the Archduke and his wife, are 
 , decorated, like that of Maxi- 
 
 miliaUj with relievos by Colin. 
 There are also 23 small statues 
 in bronze of mediseval saints 
 by Ham and Elias Loffler. The 
 grave of Hofer is on 1. hand 
 of ch. 'on entering ; his body was 
 , removed here from Mantua, where 
 
 he was shot; a statue rej)resent- 
 i ing him in his native costume 
 I marks the spot (see for this ch. 
 Handhooh for S. Germany). 
 
 The Palace (Burg or Neuer 
 Hof), close to ch., was built by 
 I Maria Theresa on site of the older 
 edifice, where Charles V. was re- 
 ; siding when nearly surprised by 
 
 Prince Blamicc; 
 
 , The Golden Hoof (das Goldene 
 , Dachl), in one of the streets is a 
 
 ; sort of oriel window roofed with 
 
 ! gilt copper, built at a cost of 
 
 I 30,000 ducats by the so-called 
 
 \ Count of the Empty Pocketj to 
 
 show his resources. 
 
 The University was founded by 
 Emp. Ferdinand I. 
 
 1 The Museum (Ferdinandeum), 
 
 ; founded 1845, is devoted to the 
 
 productions of Tyrol: it is rich 
 in minerals, fossils, and dried 
 plants, and contains a few good 
 pictures. There are also some 
 relics of Hofer and his comrade 
 Spechbacher. Open daily, except 
 on Sundays and feast-days. 
 
 I In the Pfarrhirclie is a small 
 jiicture of Madorma and Child, by 
 [ Cranach, presented by the Elector 
 [ of Saxony to a Duke of Tyrol. 
 
 I In the Neustadt are the Post 
 [ Ojjice, Landhaus, or Parliament 
 ( House, and a triumphal arch 
 f built by Maria Theresa, 
 
 In the Public Cemetery are 
 graves of Colin the sculptor, and 
 I 3 aron Hormayr. 
 
 _ The Gardens of the palace, by 
 side of the river, are a j^leasant 
 promenade. The hills on the 1 . 
 bank afford many charming views; 
 but the Berg Isel, ^ m. S., a low 
 wooded hill just beyond suburb 
 and large convent of Wilten, is the 
 most agreeable resort within a 
 short distance. On the summit is 
 a garden in which the Tyrolese 
 Jagers have their shooting ranges, 
 and house of refreshment. Two 
 of the actions between Hofer and 
 the French were fought here. 
 
 Physician, Dr. Berreiter, who 
 speaks English. 
 
 English Service on Sunday at 
 the Oesterreichischer Hof, 
 
 Trains twice a day to Munich and 
 Salzburg. 
 
 Eilicagen twice a day over Brenner S. 
 to Botzen, and daily to Landeck, Bregenz, 
 Fiissen, Mittenwald, and Kreiith Baths. 
 
 Stellwagen also daily, at cheaper fare^ 
 to Landeck, Meran, and Botzen. 
 
 Excursions are numerous. On 
 rt. bank of Inn are— 
 
 (a) Schonberg, near the first 
 post station on the Brenner road, 
 which has a vieio scarcely to be 
 surpassed. Beturn by Putsch on 
 rt. side of Sill. Carriage there and 
 back, 5 fl. 
 
 (b) Schloss Ambras, i hr’s. walk 
 below Innsbruck: take rd. by the 
 fall of the Sill in going, and by that 
 nearer the river Inn in returnmg. 
 Before reaching Castle on rt. is 
 the Pummel Platz, the ancient 
 tilt-yard, afterwards a military 
 buiying-ground; 8000 who pe¬ 
 rished by pestilence in one year 
 lie there. Castle (of Koman ori¬ 
 gin) is noted in the old chro¬ 
 nicles ; the present building was 
 Philippina Welser’s favourite resi¬ 
 dence, a gift from her husband 
 
143 
 
 Bte. 212 A.—The BREGENZEIi WALD. 
 
 144 
 
 the Archduke, 1564. The won¬ 
 derful collection of armour now at 
 Vienna in the Ambras Gallery 
 of the Lower Belvedere was 
 formed by him here. Several in¬ 
 teresting objects remain. It was 
 successively a military hospital 
 and barrack, but in 1842 the 
 troops were removed. The pile 
 is extensive, but not picturesque ; 
 the view from the battlements, 
 hoAvever, is superb. 
 
 (c) The Patscher Kofel (7350 ft.) 
 offers the finest excursion in the 
 whole neighbourhood. 12 m. 
 carriage-rd. to Heiligenwasser, 2 
 thirds of distance, where is a 
 Pilgrimage Ch. and Inn (3 hrs’. 
 walk). Vieio hence very fine, and 
 to be selected by those Avhose 
 time is limited. 3 hrs’. more 
 walking brings to summit, with a 
 glorious 'panorama, including the 
 great glaciers of Oetz and Stubay. 
 
 {d) The Lanzer Kopji (3030 ft.), 
 above Schloss Ambras and vill. of 
 Lans, is ascended in less time, 
 2 hrs., and gives almost as fine a 
 view. 
 
 (e) On 1 . side of the valley may be 
 visited the Martinsicand, 7 m., see 
 Kte. 212, and Schloss Weiherhurg, 
 5 hr’s. walk from Innsbruck, 
 hunting-seat of Emp. Maximilian. 
 Hangerhurg, a cafe above the 
 Schloss, deserves a visit for the 
 view. 
 
 Peasants’ Comedies :—theatrical 
 representations of sacred subjects 
 are occasionally to be witnessed; 
 the best are at villages of Pradl 
 and Buchsenhausen. 
 
 Rte. 212 A.— BREGENZ to 
 REUTTE by the BREGENZER 
 WALD and LECH THAI. 
 
 BREGENZ to 
 
 ENG. ir. 
 Mellau . . 25i- 
 
 Im Schreckeu i6i 
 
 Stog . 
 Reutte'. 
 
 ENG M, 
 . 12 
 . 33 
 
 A country road through the Bregenzer 
 Wald and again from Stdg in the Lech 
 Thai; paths over low passes otherwise. 
 A stellwagen 4 times a week in the Bre¬ 
 genzer Wald, as far as Bezau; also 
 between Stdg and Reutte. 
 
 This supplies a charming short 
 cut for pedestrians bound for 
 Tyrol, avoiding the high road of 
 the Vorarlberg, which may be 
 reached again either at Stuben or 
 near Lancleck. It offers also an 
 agreeable access to that part of 
 the Bavarian Highlands called 
 the Algau Alps. The scenery 
 is sequestered and picturesque, 
 the people unsophisticated. 
 
 Bregenz. Rte. 212. Follow the 
 Feldkirch road, and cross the 
 
 Bridge over the Ache. Then 2 m. 
 turn up lane to 1., which does not 
 ascend by the stream, but keeps 
 S. along the border of the plain 
 to 
 
 Schwarzach, where it takes to 3 m. 
 the hills, reaching 
 
 Alberschwende, 3 hrs. (Jjm; 4 m. 
 Taube, decent), a small village 
 near the summit of the low jjass, 
 the descent from which brings the 
 traveller down to the river Ache 
 again; the road keeps on the 1. 
 bank, passing 
 
145 
 
 146 
 
 1116.2.12 A—The BREGENZER WALD. 
 
 ^ m. Miselbach, and presently Egg, 
 on the opposite bank [by which 
 a rd. leads N., in 6 hrs., to Stau- 
 fen, on the rly. between Lindau 
 and Immenstadt.] Turning now 
 again away from the stream, the 
 road makes for 
 
 4 m. Sehwarzenberg {Inn: Hirsch, 
 very comfortable). Angelica 
 Kaufmann came from this village. 
 The altarpiece in the ch. was 
 painted by her in 1802 , and a 
 tablet records her benefactions. 
 Her portrait, by herself, is in the 
 Lam me Inn. 
 
 [From Alberschioende a short 
 path over the hill leads direct to 
 Schioarzenherg; it ascends by 
 23astures on one side, descends 
 through woods on the other, and 
 offers a lovely vieio from the 
 summit. This way it is only an 
 easy afternoon’s walk from Bre- 
 genz.] 
 
 The road, now rejoining the 
 stream, winds through a narrow 
 gorge, and crosses the river to 
 
 5 im. Bezau, looo Inhab., chief place 
 of the Bregenzer Wald, or Valley 
 of the Aciie, a quaint old-world 
 district, with remains of many 
 singular customs, peculiar also in 
 dialect and costume. The prin- 
 cijral industries are the manufac- 
 tui-e of cheese, cultivation of flax, 
 and carving in wood. They ex¬ 
 port also vast quantities of stakes 
 for vineyards. On the hill called 
 Bezeck, above Bezau, the popular 
 assemblies used to be held, and 
 all causes were there decided by 
 a sort of jury. Certain old trees 
 are held in great veneration, and 
 the evening prayers of a family 
 are often performed near them. 
 Three old trees in the neighbour¬ 
 hood of Bezau take a singular 
 part in the election of Landam- 
 
 man. Every communicant in 
 the valley is an elector; on the 
 day appointed they meet the 
 Austrian official, join in prayer, 
 and then run to the three trees, 
 each of which represents a pre¬ 
 viously-selected candidate. The 
 successful one is he round whose 
 tree is the largest cluster of voters. 
 
 (i hr. from Bezau, on same bank 
 of river, S., is Beute, a frequented 
 bath-house.) 
 
 The road up the valley does 
 not pass through Bezau, but con¬ 
 tinues, on the 1. or western bank 
 of the river, to 
 
 Mellau {Inn), a good centres m. 
 for excursions. [The Mittagspitze 
 (6657 ft.) can be ascended from 
 here, but in shorter time from the 
 S. side. Rte. 212.] There are 
 also 2 loaterfalls, the Mellauer 
 fall and the Fluhbach, to be seen. 
 
 At Mellau the rd. crosses the 
 river, and, after joassing 
 
 Schnepfau, enters a defile, the 4 m. 
 western side of which is formed 
 by the Canisflith (6696 ft.), whose 
 enormous walls of rock are of 
 much geological interest, and 
 reaches 
 
 An {Inn: Eossle, celebrated 3 in. 
 for its excellence). The word au 
 signifies a meadow by a stream ; 
 the valley consists of a succession 
 of these, separated by narrow 
 gorges. 
 
 [A valley here breaks away S,, 
 in which is Damils, best point 
 from which to ascend the Mittag¬ 
 spitze, and whence also is a way 
 into the Gross Walsertlial, opening 
 near Bludenz. Ete. 212.] 
 
 Schopernau’ is the next vill. 2 |m. 
 {Inn: Krone), and where the 
 carriage-road ceases. 
 
147 
 
 Ete. 212 A.— T/ie BEEGENZEB WALD. 
 
 148 
 
 [Here a country-track leads 
 N,E. into the Mittelbergertlial, 
 called also Klein Walserthal, and 
 becoming in Bavaria the valley 
 of the Iller, where is Oherstdorf, a 
 frequented summer 1-esort; and 
 further down, Sonthofen and Im- 
 menstadt. Ete. i76Ai] 
 
 Continuing along the Bregenzer 
 Valley by a horse-track up a steep 
 ascent, 
 
 4 m. Hopferehen is reached, a small 
 Bath or Spa, and then, by a still 
 sharper pull through forest— 
 
 3 m. im Schrecken (^Inn recently 
 rebuilt), 3736 ft., the highest vil¬ 
 lage on the Ache, which rises 
 from a small lake near. It is 
 perched on a hill of debris, in 
 midst of a vast funnel, the sides 
 of which are formed by noble 
 mountains. The Widderstein 
 (8165 ft.), on the N., is one of the 
 most lofty. It belongs to a group 
 stretching eastward, which feeds 
 the head-waters of the Iller in Ba¬ 
 varia. The other most noticeable 
 summits are the Gaisberg, the 
 Biberkopf (8548 ft.), and the Ma¬ 
 dder Gabel. The two last are 
 dolomite, and the Biherlcopf is 
 reputed the highest mountain in 
 Western Bavaria — a district 
 known as the Algau Alps. 
 
 [The Gross Walser Thai is en¬ 
 tered over a low pass, W., before 
 reaching Schrecken.J 
 
 A stiff climb through pine 
 forest, and leaving the small lake 
 Kalbele or Korher See to rt., brings 
 to 
 
 2 ^ m. Krumbach, situated at a greater 
 altitude than any other vill. in the 
 Yorarlberg. The ch. is upon an 
 
 eminence at the foot of the Wid¬ 
 derstein, and the scenery is all 
 rock and bare pasture. 
 
 [A path hence climbs the' Col 
 between the Widderstein and the 
 Gaisberg on the E., and descends 
 into the Mittelberger Thai, so 
 communicating with Bavaria; but 
 the finest route is by the Schrofen 
 Pass, which lies E. from the last, 
 and between the Gaisberg and 
 the Biberkopf. The descent is 
 into the Eappenalpenthal.]] 
 
 After crossing the low Col the 
 descent is rapid to 
 
 Warth (tolel-able inn)j where 2^ 
 the traveller is close upon the 
 upper valley of the Lech, here 
 called Tamihergthal. 
 
 [Ascending the Tannbergthal, 
 after passing through Biirsteg, is 
 the vill. of Am Lech (Inn: Krone, 
 good) (which can be reached 
 direct over a low pass from 
 Schrecken). There leaving the 
 valley, and bearing S.E., another 
 low pass may be crossed leading 
 to Stiihen, on the Yorarlberg post¬ 
 road. If bound for Landeck, in¬ 
 stead of descending to Stuben, 
 strike to 1 ., across l3ushy slopes, 
 making for the summit of the 
 Arlberg pass, above the zigzags. 
 
 Near the head of the Tannberg¬ 
 thal stands the Schafberg (8773 
 ft.), Avith a glacier, easy ascent and 
 noble vieio. Opposite the Schaf¬ 
 berg, on the N., is the Kothe 
 Wand, also Avith a glacier, and 
 between the two rises the Lech, 
 flowing through a small lake.] 
 
 Lechleiten is the first vill. in 
 Tyrol. The path descending by 
 the Lech, on the N. side (difihcult 
 after Warth, but picturesque), 
 crosses the stream to Ellbogen, 
 where a rd, begins leading to 
 
tvjH 
 
 149 
 
 Bte. 2Vi A,~-The BREGENZEB WALD. 
 
 150 
 
 7ni, Stogc (2 In 7 is, good), Stell- 
 wagen to Keutte 3 times a Week. 
 [By the valley opening S. is 
 another route to Landeck. i In*. 
 15 min. to Kaisers, and tlien over 
 the Kaiserjoch in 4hrs. to Petnen, 
 on the Aiibeig roach] 
 
 Crossing the Lech, and de- 
 fecending the valley, Hdgerdu is 
 passed before reaching 
 
 3 m. Holzgau {Imi, good), rather a 
 wealthy vill. Pictures in the ch., 
 and damaged but curious frescoes 
 of the 14th cent, in the chapel 
 St. Sebastian. 
 
 [A path leads N., over the 
 Madelerjoch, the frontier of Tyrol 
 and Bavaria, into the Eappen- 
 alpenthal, and so in about 6 hrs. 
 to Oberstdorf.] 
 
 Rd. crosses the river again to 
 
 2 m. Stokach. The valley now be¬ 
 comes cheerful and po^julous. 
 
 [By the Lendhaclitlial E. is a 
 path leading over the mts. at its 
 liead, to Zanis, a village just 
 below Landeck.] 
 
 1 ^ m. Lend is on the 1 . bank of the 
 Lech, down which rd. keeps to 
 
 m. Elbigenalp, 700 Inhab., the 
 most ancient parish of the valley. 
 The cemetery chapel was the old 
 parish ch.; beautiful view from 
 the pilgi'image ch. on the Oeld- 
 herg. The people are many of 
 them rich, and, despite simj)le 
 manners and costume, have often 
 been great travellers, trading both 
 in London and New York. Over 
 the vill., on the N., is the Falle- 
 bach glacier of the Wetterspitz, 
 also an aperture in the rock above 
 it called the Fallebach Window. 
 
 Passing Griesau on the oppo¬ 
 site side of the river, and at the 
 
 entrance of a small valleyi we 
 reach 
 
 Unterhofen {Lin: a noted 4 m. 
 brewhouse). The valley of Gi'a- 
 mais opens on the E. [Up this 
 valley, _ arid passing the vill. of 
 Gramais, is a track leading over 
 the Zamserjoch to Starkenbach, a 
 little below Landeck.] 
 
 The road here crosses the Lech, 
 and presently passes the entrance 
 of the Pfafflerihal. 
 
 [Bschlaps and Boden are the 
 principal villages of this valley ; 
 directly N. of them is the Wetter- 
 spitze, ascent rather difficult; pa¬ 
 norama magnificent ; guides sup¬ 
 plied at Elbigenalp. Interesting 
 paths^ over the Platein and the 
 Steinjoch to Imst and Tarenz;] 
 
 After passing through Elmeit, 
 the vill. of Mordenau (field of 
 death) is seen on 1 . bank. It is 
 said the women of the valley 
 there repulsed with slaughter a 
 band of invaders during the Smal- 
 kaldic war. A little fiulher the 
 Ilorntlial opens W. 
 
 [The Uornthal (much recom¬ 
 mended by Scliaubach) descends 
 on the S. side of the Hoch Vogel 
 (8500 ft.), a dolomite peak, 
 one of the finest of the Algauer 
 Alps. The footpath keeps on the 
 N. bank of the stream, and crosses 
 a very striking foot-bridge over a 
 torrent from the Hoch Vogel. 
 There is a difficult path beyond, 
 over a col, into the Oytlial, in 
 which are some fine cascades. A 
 path to Oberstdorf.] 
 
 Stanzach, at entrance of the 7 m. 
 Stanzach Thai, E. 
 
 [The Stanzach Thai offers 
 gloomy but grand scenery, and a 
 fine pedestrian detour may here 
 be made, crossing from its he^d 
 
151 
 
 Bte. 2.\Z.—INNSBRVCK to BOTZEN, 
 
 152 
 
 by Namles and Kelmon into the 
 Roththal which issues at Weissen¬ 
 bach on our road.] 
 
 Road again crosses the Lech, 
 passes the entrance of the 
 Schwarzwasserthal, W., and ar¬ 
 rives at 
 
 8 m. Weissenbach, at the entrance 
 of the very striking Pass Gacht. 
 fTlie road up this pass leading to 
 Immenstadt should be explored 
 for at least a mile or two. See 
 Rte. 176a.] 
 
 [The Both Thai opening E. 
 encloses a very wild bit of scenery, 
 and offers a path to Imst, or a 
 route into the Stanzaclithal. See 
 above,] 
 
 Road keeps on 1 . bank of Lech, 
 here a wasteful stream, passes the 
 imposing castle of Ehrenberg on a 
 rock opposite, and crosses through 
 pleasant meadows, and over the 
 Lech, to 
 
 5 m. Reutte {Inn: Post, good). See 
 Rtes, 176A and 177 for rd. by 
 Lermoos and Nassereit to 
 
 5 Gm. Innsbruck. Rte. 212. 
 
 Rte. 213 . — INNSBRUCK to 
 LANDECK, MERAN, and BOT- 
 ZEN, by the FINSTERMUNZ 
 PASS. 
 
 INNSBRUCK to 
 
 EKG. M. EXG, JI, 
 
 Landeck . 53 Botzen . . 17^ 
 
 Finstermiinz 24I 
 Mals. , . zoi- 
 
 Meran . . 38 
 
 Excellent post-road. Eilwagen or Stell- 
 wagen daily. Inns: several are inferior, 
 but improving. 
 
 The scenery of this route is 
 splendid. FinstermUnz is one of 
 the grandest defiles in Tyrol; the 
 Orteler Spitze, the loftiest snow 
 peak of the country, is excel¬ 
 lently seen after crossing the 
 Reschen Scheideck pass; and 
 the wonderful road of the Stelvio 
 (well worth an excursion) di¬ 
 verges further on. Meran is rich 
 and charming, the approach to 
 Botzen superb. 
 
 From Innsbruck to 
 
 Landeck see Rte.'2i2. Here 53 m. 
 the valley contracts, and yields 
 room for scarcely more than river 
 and road, which crosses to 1. bank 
 by the 
 
 Pontlatzer Briicke. In this 5 
 gorge, now commanded by a fort, 
 a great exploit of the year 1809 
 took place. A French and Ba¬ 
 varian division, 1400 strong, were 
 advancing cautiously, had crossed 
 the first bridge, were near the 
 second, when a destructive fire was 
 opened from the rocks above, and 
 women hurled down stones; as 
 night came on, the bridge behind 
 was seized, and finally the pea¬ 
 sants, rushing from their hiding- 
 places, assailed the column with 
 axes, scythes, clubs, &c,, and 
 destroyed, or forced to surrender, 
 
 1200 men, with 25 officers. 
 
 [Oil the heights, rt., are the 
 mined castle of Landeck, and 
 medicinal baths of Ladis, i hr. 
 from Prutz ; and | hr. further, at 
 Oh. Ladis, is a large bath estab¬ 
 lishment, well managed, amidst 
 woody scenery, and with fine 
 views, but reached only by a 
 bridle-track.] 
 
 JyJi 
 
 Hn 
 
153 
 
 Pde. 213 .—the FINSTEBMtiNZ PASS. 154 
 
 The road recrosses the river to 
 
 2 111. Prutz, where the valley widens 
 into a marshy plain, at entrance 
 of Kaunser Thai. 
 
 [Tliis valley terminates 20 m. 
 from its mouth, among the Oetz- 
 thal Hints., and in the vast glacier 
 of Gebatsch : Ete. 215.] 
 
 At a sharp turn of the river, 
 marked by a statue of St. John 
 Nepomuk, is a good Vieic. 
 
 2 m. Hied (Inn, poor^, a small 
 town. A little beyond Tosens 
 there is another 
 
 3 J m. Bridge across the Inn, and the 
 “ road pursues the 1. bank to 
 
 Gm, Stuben (Inn, Neger). Ch. 
 with stone groined roof. Across 
 river is Pfunds (Inn, Traube), of 
 which Stuben is a suburb. The 
 summits of the snowy Oetzthal 
 nits, are seen in the distance E. 
 A short distance further 
 
 A fine wooden Bridge returns 
 the road again to rt. bank, and 
 the magnificent new rd. of the 
 Finstermiinz Pass begins to as¬ 
 cend the clitfs. 
 
 [The old road, continuing on 
 the 1. bank, affords the pedestiian 
 a more impressive view of the 
 depth and grandeur of the gorge 
 which follows, and which is only 
 excelled by the Via Mala. The 
 most stiiking point is where at 
 a tower and gateway (and poor 
 hosteliy) the road crosses the Inn 
 by a naiTow bridge.] 
 
 difficult footway leads from 
 this bridge to Schleins, in the 
 Engadine. Vehicles must go 
 round by new road and Nauders. 
 See Swiss Handbook.'} 
 
 The mountains close, forming 
 a grand defile; road is carried 
 on a terrace, and through 3 or 4 
 galleries, and about half way up 
 the ascent, 6co ft. above the river, 
 is a small jilatform holding 
 
 a picturesque Inn (Zum HochS^ m. 
 Finstermiiiiz ; fair, but dear. 
 
 Can bait or sleep here instead 
 of at Stuben or Nauders). Vieio 
 sjilendid. The river forces its 
 way through a cleft from the 
 Engadine, the famous Pass of 
 Finstermunz, but the road, still 
 carried on the face of the rock, 
 turns about i m. from the hotel 
 away from the river into the 
 jaws of a rocky pass, occupied by 
 a fort partly excavated in the 
 rock. (No sketching allowed 
 any where in the pass.) Zigzags, 
 which the pedestrian may cut 
 across, lead to 
 
 Nauders. (Inns: Post, clean;4m. 
 Mondschein, old-fashioned; both 
 cheap) : small village. 
 
 [3 m. W. is Swiss frontier; 
 douane is at Martinsbruck, i, on 
 the river; and ^ hr. walk towards 
 it is a beautiful Vieio of the 
 Engadine from the summit of 
 the ridge.] 
 
 The road, passing Castle of 
 Naudersberg, now ascends the 
 Reschenscheideck Pass, the lowest, 
 except the Brenner, over the main 
 chain of Aljos. 
 
 Summit is 4595 ft. above sea.4| m. 
 Near Keschen, 1., the Etsch, or 
 Adige, rises, flowing into the 
 
 Reschen See. Et. is the Spitz- 
 latberg or Piz Latz (9187 ft.). 
 
 Eoad, keeping the E. side, passes 
 through 
 
155 
 
 Bte. 2m—INNSBRUCK to BOTZEN, 
 
 t 
 
 156 
 
 2 m, Graun, at tlie entrance of the 
 
 l^Langtauferer Thai, which, 
 watered hy the Karlinbach, de¬ 
 scends from the W. end of 
 the great snowy group of the 
 Oetzthal. At Hinterhirch, the 
 liighest. vilh, 3 hrs., the Malag- 
 thal enters from the N., from 
 which valley there is a choice of 
 two paths, with grand glacier 
 views, into the Kaunscr Thai, 
 lite. 215.] 
 
 Eoad then skirts another lake, 
 the Muter See, or Graun See, and 
 reaches 
 
 3 m. St. Valentin auf der Heide, 
 near a 3rd lake, the Heider See. 
 {Inn: Post, decent.) Fine View 
 of the Orteler Spitze, which con¬ 
 tinues to gaip in grandeur for the 
 next feAV miles. The descent is 
 over a hare sloping plain. In 
 June, 1855 , floods, breaking 
 through the Heider See, swept 
 away the old road, and destroyed 
 great part of 
 
 Burgeis, a village, now off the 
 road to rt., marked by a tall, 
 slender red spue, the Benedictine 
 IMonasteiy, and Castle of Fiirsten- 
 berg. 
 
 Hence is a quick descent to 
 
 teresting scenery on either side. 
 Frontier at Taufers, 6 m. Inn 
 at Sta. Maria, in Munsterthal, 
 and another at Ofen, W. of the 
 l^ass.] 
 
 [A very fine excursion for a 
 pedestrian is up the Muuster- 
 thal, as far as Sta. Maria, 3 J hrs. 
 
 (A short cut by Laatsch avoids 
 Glurns, and saves i m.) Thence, 
 turning 1 . up Val Muranza to the 
 Wormser Joch, by an ancient 
 mule-track, and descending to 
 Sta, Maria, on the Stelvio road : 
 sleeping there, the 2nd day will 
 bring the traveller over the Stelvio 
 Bass back into Tyrol and the 
 Etsch Valley, about 7 m. below 
 Mals.] 
 
 Noble view over the valley on 
 leaving Mals. The ruined castle 
 of Lichtenberg, with others, seen 
 below, across the Adige, and the 
 snowy Orteler Spitze grandly 
 above. Tyrolese defeated by the 
 Swiss of the Engadine between 
 Mals and Glurns, 1499. {N foot¬ 
 path by Glurns, Lichtenberg, and 
 Agums, to Brad, on the Stelvio 
 road.) 
 
 Schludems. A little further 1.3 in. 
 rises the handsome inhabited 
 castle of Churhurg. 
 
 
 7m. Mals, 3263 ft. (Inns: Post, 
 comfortable; Hirsch), a Roman 
 station. Ohs. round Roman tower; 
 also a curious campanile. See 
 slietch of Orteler from above Mals. 
 
 [A little beyond tliis a road 
 strikes off across the valley W. 
 to Glurns, m. {In 7 i: Sonne), 
 a curious old walled town. 
 Thence a rough char-road leads 
 by the Mimsterthal over the 
 Ofen Bass to Zernetz, in the 
 Upper Engadine, about 30 m, 
 The pass itself dreary, but in- 
 
 Spondinig {Inn: Zum Hirsch- 4 m. 
 en, decent, an Einspanner kept). 
 
 [The road to the Stelvio here 
 turns off rt., crossing the Adige by 
 a long and narrow bridge to Prad. 
 
 For this exti-aordinary pass, see 
 Rte. 214. An excursion to Sum¬ 
 mit and bgck is w^H woi’th 
 while.] 
 
 Eyers {Inn ; Rost). 21 m. 
 
 From hence to Meran the 
 valley goes by the name of the 
 Vintschgau (after the ancient 
 
THE ORTELEK SPITZE FROM THE VIN’TSCHGAU, 
 
159 
 
 me. 21 S.—INNSBRUCK to BOTZUN, 
 
 IGO 
 
 Venonetes), and is somewhat im- h 
 interesting. 
 
 Li 
 
 7 m. Schlanders. {Inn : Post, veiy ti 
 good ; best between Finstermunz h 
 andMeran). Vines appear. Across p 
 the river are quarries of marble, ti 
 used by the sculptors of Munich, o 
 The picturesque opening of t 
 the Martellthal is seen rt. 
 
 2 m. Bridge across the Adige before 1 
 reaching village of ^ 
 
 2 m. Latsoh {Inns: Post, Weisses 
 Boss; Hirsch; both tolerable). ^ 
 In the Spitalkirclie are old fres- '' 
 coes (retouched). Peasants here ( 
 compose and act dramatic pieces, \ 
 (Bauern Komodien). 
 
 [The Martell Thai offers a fine » 
 opportunity for exploring the 
 scenery of the Orteler group on 
 this side, ij hr. from Latsch is : 
 Sals, a small bathing-place, clean 
 but rough quarters; the valley 
 populous and picturesque. 11 hr. 
 further is Goncl, highest hamlet 
 of the valley, with a small Inn. 
 
 3 hrs. hence is Kaserhoden, an 
 Alpine pasture at the head of the 
 valley, frequented by herdsmen , 
 in summer. The scenery here, 
 including several glaciers and 
 snowy peaks, is very fine. A path 
 beyond this leads in 7 hrs. over 
 the Zufall glacier to a pass on 
 N. side of Mte. Cevedale (or Zu¬ 
 fall Spitze), and descends Val 
 Porno to the Baths of Sta. Cata¬ 
 rina, 3 hrs. from Bormio, in midst 
 of magnificent scenery. See Rte. 
 214 A. The grandest view, how¬ 
 ever, is obtained by taking the 
 pass into the Sulden Thai, which 
 ascends W.N.W. from Kaser- 
 boden, by the bank of a torrent, 
 to the Sulden Glacier and summit 
 of the pass, whence is a superb 
 Vieio of the Orteler Spitze. The 
 
 head of the Suldenthal, encircled 
 by glaciers, is termed the End of 
 the World. At Sulden (St. Ger¬ 
 trud), 3 hrs. below, the Cures 
 house will supply a bed and sup¬ 
 per. The whole valley is ex¬ 
 tremely striking. 2 hrs. lower it 
 opens upon the Stelvio road, be¬ 
 tween Brad and Trafoi.] 
 
 Below Latsch the mountains on 
 1 . are barren and desolate. Near 
 Staaben is the entrance to the 
 
 Schnalser Thai, by a grand and? m 
 gloomy gorge, which it is worth 
 while to penetrate for a short 
 distance on foot. [From head of 
 this valley are paths over the 
 Hochjoch and Niederjoch into the 
 Oetzthal, Rte. 215.] 
 
 Naturns {Inn, Post). A few 
 miles further a ridge or barrier 
 called die Toll, stretching across 
 the valley, is surmounted; here 
 the Yintschgau ceases, and an 
 exquisite Vieio opens over the 
 valley of Meran. 
 
 [f hr. 1. off the road, near 
 Partschins, is a very fine water¬ 
 fall, visible from a distance.] 
 
 A Bridge carries the road tob : 
 the rt. bank of the Etsch. It 
 then descends rapidly to the 
 valley, which, luxuriant as a 
 garden, is enlivened by numerous 
 . villages, churches, and feudal 
 • castles, among which, N., is the 
 ; celebrated Schloss Tirol. At village 
 . of Forst 
 
 ; a ^nd Bridge returns the road I2 
 i to the 1. bank. (2 hrs. will enable 
 - the pedestrian to visit Schloss 
 , Tirol: see below.) 
 t 
 
 b Meran {Inns: Post (Erzher-2 
 0 zog Johann); Graf Yon Meran, 
 
IGl 
 
 llte. 2Vd.~hy the FINSTEItMUNZ PASS. 
 
 162 
 
 both good; Golduer Adler; Weisses 
 Kreutz). Besides the Inns there 
 are several boarding and lodging 
 houses, the place being very full 
 in Sept, of visitors for the Grape 
 cure. 
 
 This ancient town, 2800 Inhab., 
 stands at the junction of the Pas- 
 with tlie valley of the 
 Adige, a charming situation, 
 -there are two principal streets, 
 the longest lined with Arcades. 
 Violent irruptions of the Passeyr- 
 bach liave 7 times nearly destroyed 
 the place, which is now protected 
 by a massive dyke {Bie Wasser 
 Mcuier), planted with poplars, and 
 a favourite 'promenade. 4 quaint 
 postern gates. 
 
 Parish Church, 1335 i curious 
 monuments outside, very good 
 windows of old stained glass. 
 
 I Highest tower in Tyrol. 
 
 Kelleramt, an ancient edifice, 
 srnall and homely, but formerly 
 inhabited by the Counts of Tyrol. 
 Maigaret Maultasch was married 
 m the Old Chapel behind. 
 
 History.—Maja (a name pre- 
 ^rved in Ober Mais) was a 
 Poman station, destroyed a d 
 800 by the fall of tlie Naifer- 
 berg It occiqned nearly tlie site 
 I ot the present town. Roman 
 
 ; relics constantly turned up in the 
 . fields and vineyards attest the 
 t tact. It was afterwards the capital 
 1 of the Counts of Tyrol, when, 
 
 1 however, they possessed little 
 
 I more than the country from Bot- 
 
 i zen to the Inn. Margaret Maul¬ 
 
 tasch (pocket-mouth), the last 
 f heiress, bestowed it upon Rudolf 
 
 I of Hapsburg. 
 
 Numerous feudal castles in the 
 : neighbourhood of Meran are 
 
 within easy walking distance. 
 
 Lehenherg, ij hr. walk S. on 
 rt. bank of Adige, contains 60 
 chambers, and is surrounded bv 
 Kp. Tyr. & Alps, 
 
 terraces and vineyards. Further 
 down on the heights, rt. bank of 
 Adige, is 
 
 Brandeis, belonging to a former 
 Governor of Tyrol, a delightful 
 3 firs, walk from Meran. 
 
 Scliona, belonging to the Count 
 of Meran, at entrance of Passeyr- 
 tlial, retains gates, drawbrido-e 
 armoury, and dungeons. ’ 
 
 Fragshurg, loftily perched above 
 the valley, on 1. bank of Adio-e 
 IS inhabited, but perfectly retains 
 its middle-ago character. The 
 approach is long and steep, it 
 looks down upon 2 other castles, 
 Hatzenstein and Neuherg. 
 
 The most interesting of all is 
 Schloss Tirol, about 4 m., or 
 I hi. tralk, N. of Meran. It gave 
 its name (TermZis) to the country, 
 and was the earliest seat of its 
 princes. Passing from Margaret 
 Maultasch to Austria, it now 
 belongs to the Emperor, and is in 
 miarge of a relative of Hofer’s 
 Observe the portals of the chapel 
 decorated with singular sculp¬ 
 tures of the 12th cent. The View 
 tiom the castle is, however, its 
 greatest attraction; standing in 
 the angle of a great bend in the 
 valley, it commands both reaches, 
 upward to the Orteler Spitze and 
 other snowy summits, downwards 
 along the exquisitely rich vista 
 Avhich extends towards Botzen, 
 while the opening of the Passey 1- 
 thal is visible behind. 
 
 [fH/ers House, in the Passeyr- 
 thal, IS about ii m. from Meran, 
 and by the Jaufen pass Sterzing 
 can be reached. Scenery not very 
 striking. See Rte. 216.] 
 
 IMitterhad, a bath establish¬ 
 ment, popular among the Tyro¬ 
 lese, is about 15 m. distant, up 
 the Ultenthal, full of picturesque 
 scenery. It opens on W. side of 
 the Adige, a little below Meran, 
 
 G 
 
163 
 
 Bte. 21L—MILAN to INNSBRUCK, 
 
 164 
 
 and by a pedestrian may bo 
 reached by Marling and Ob. Lana, 
 or by a vehicle round by Burg- 
 stall (on road to Botzen) and Unter 
 Ijana.] 
 
 The road from Meraii keeps 
 close to the hills on 1. hand side 
 of the valley; those opposite are 
 of the most picturesque and 
 varied character, and are studded 
 with castles and villages. Or¬ 
 chards and vineyards cover the 
 low grounds, with exception of 
 some marshy and unhealthy tracts 
 near the Adige, productive only 
 of fevers, leeches, and reeds. 
 The castles of 
 
 Lebenherg and Brandeis are 
 seen successively W. of Adige. 
 
 5 m. Burgstall. Here a road turns 
 off and crosses the Adige to the 
 Ultenthal. 
 
 J m. Vilpian (post station). At 
 
 3 m. Terlan is a leaning tower to 
 the ch.; and MaultascJi, a favourite 
 residence of IMargaret, is seen 
 above. The best vineyards of 
 Tyrol extend on 1 . hand as far as 
 Botzen, and good wine is made at 
 Terlan. 
 
 The castle of Greifenstein occu¬ 
 pies an almost inaccessible point 
 of rock L, and Boch Eppan and 
 Sigmundslcron apj^ear across the 
 valley to the S. 
 
 The road, clinging to the foot 
 of the hills, now turns E., and the 
 jogged outline and peculiar forms 
 of the Dolomite mtns. beyond 
 Botzen come into view; the effect 
 of sunset is very line upon them. 
 Beyond Gries the stream of the 
 romantic Sarnthal opening N. is 
 crossed by a wooden bridge imme¬ 
 diately before entering 
 
 Botzen (Inn, Kaiserkrone). Sec 6 
 Ete^ 217. 
 
 Rte. 214.-MILAN to INNS- 
 BKUCK, by the PASS of the 
 STELVIO. (Stilfser Joch.) 
 
 MILAN (Rail) to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Monza . . . 8.J- 
 
 liccco... 4 20 
 
 Colico. ... 26 
 
 Sondrio . t . 27^- 
 
 ENG. M. 
 Bormio . . 46)- 
 
 Mals. ... 36 
 
 Innsbruck . 97 
 
 26G 
 
 Railway serves as far as Monza, 20 min., 
 and thence the post-rd. goes by Lecco and 
 along the E. shore of Lake of Como. Most 
 people, however, will prefer to avail them¬ 
 selves of the trains (? daily in i hr. 20 
 min.) to Como, and the steamer on the 
 Lake to Colico (in j^hrs.). "With 3 post- 
 horses, and by aid of Laufzettel, the 
 journey can then be performed in 48 hrs., 
 exclusive of stoppages; to Colico by rail 
 and steamer, 5 hrs; Bormio, 12 hrs.; 
 Mals, 10 hrs.; Landeck, 10 hrs.; Inns¬ 
 bruck, 10 hrs. Vorsptinner (leaders) from 
 Bormio or Mals to summit on either side. 
 Lights should be provided in case of 
 passing through the galleries aftct dark, 
 —it is better not to do so. Best sleeping- 
 places are Varenna, Sondrio, Bormio, 
 Trafoi or Mals, Nauders or FinstermUnz, 
 Imst. A voiturier will usually make it 
 6 days from Colico, sleeping at Sondrio 
 the first night. JJils. from Lccco to Colico 
 2 or 3 times a-week, and from Colico to 
 Sondrio and Bormio daily. They have 
 ceased to pass the Stelvio. Post-houses 
 on the pass not well supplied with horses. 
 Inquire condition of the road, which is 
 falling into ruin. 
 
 The great feature of this route is 
 the wonderful pass of the Stelvio. 
 The rd. over it is the highest in 
 Em’ope available for carriages 
 
165 
 
 Ilte>_ 21 ^.~hy the PASS of the STELVIO. 
 
 166 
 
 (9177 ft.), but it will probably 
 not long remain so, as, since the 
 loss of Lombardy, Austria does 
 not keep it in repair-, and the 
 Tyrol side is dilapidated. It is 
 probable, however, that tlie inn¬ 
 keepers on both sides will corr- 
 trive to keep it open. The winter- 
 storms annually commit great 
 ravages, and snow always ren¬ 
 ders the passage dangerous, but 
 irom June to October- it has 
 hitlierto been pretty safe. No 
 carriage - rd. commands such 
 grand and varied scenery as this. 
 It was constrrrcted by the Aus- 
 trran Government to facilitate 
 then- hold upon Lombardy; was 
 plairned and executed by the en¬ 
 gineer Donegani, and finished in 
 1825. 
 
 The most interesting scenes are, 
 the shores of the Lake of Como, 
 where the rd. is cut for nriles 
 thiough solid rock ; the gorge and 
 galleries on the Italian side of the 
 Stelvio; the view of the Orteler 
 Spitze range fi-om the summit ; 
 arrd of the glaciers lower- down 
 which the rd., like no other Alp¬ 
 ine rd., airproaches to within a 
 stone s-throw. 
 
 1866 it was restored to Italy. 
 34 sovereigns, including Charles 
 V. and Napoleon L, have been 
 crowned with it. The treasury 
 ot ch. still contains many curi¬ 
 ous objects. 
 
 The Palazzo Communale, a 
 venerable edifice, is said to have 
 been part of Emp. Barbarossa’s 
 palace. (See Handbooks for N. 
 Cermany and N. Itcdy for more 
 extended notice of Monza.) 
 
 The rd. runs by the park wall 
 (10 m, rn circumference) of the 
 Palace, a large but rrot imposing 
 building. Country is like a vasl 
 orchard; fruit-trees and virres are 
 rnteilaced, and villas are nume¬ 
 rous on all sides. Just beyond 
 
 • the rd, descends 9 n 
 
 rnto Valley of the Adda, which 
 rrver here bears almost the ap¬ 
 pearance of a string of lakes. 
 
 Bd. skirts the W. side of Lago 
 Carlate, a prolongation of the 
 Lago di Lecco, and at a narrow 
 part crosses, by a long bridge of 
 14th cerrt,, to 
 
 Milan. Bail to 
 
 *2m. Monza {Inns: Palazzo Eeale; 
 Albeigo del Castello; Falcorre; 
 Angelo). Observe the alternative 
 menhoned above, of proceeding on 
 to Como, and taking steamer to 
 Colico. Monza, i 6 , 38 g lnhab., was 
 the ancient residence of the Lom¬ 
 bard kings. Cathedral of St. John, 
 forrnded by Theodoliirda, 595 a.d 
 was rebuilt in 14th centy. The 
 celebrated Iron Crown of the 
 Lombard kings was preserved in 
 oire of the chapels till r 85 9, when 
 it was removed to Vienna. In 
 
 Lecco {Inns : Croce di Malta ; H 
 Leone d’Oro); Pop. 8000, and 
 rncreasmg; a beautiful situation 
 at the outlet of the Adda, from 
 that branch of Lake of Como call¬ 
 ed Lagro di Lecco. Mountains of 
 bold and striking outline, and of 
 special interest to the botanist, lie 
 E. and N. Mte. Pesegone (Gt. 
 Saw), E., well answers to its 
 name, and is wortli an excursion 
 from Lecco. But the more lofty 
 are Mte. Campione (7158 ft.), and 
 Mte. Grigna (7908 ft.), both to the ' 
 N., and best reached on the N 
 side. [A rd. leads up between 
 Pesegone and Camjnone to vill. of 
 Ballabio, and thence descends to 
 Introbbio {Inn, delle Miniere, 
 good and moderate); charmim’ 
 
 G 2 
 
 
167 
 
 Bte. 2U.—MILAN to INNSBRUCK, 
 
 168 
 
 centre for excursions at head of 
 Val Sassina.'] 
 
 The rd., now carried along E. 
 shore of lake, is formed partly by- 
 cutting a shelf out of the cliffs, 
 which here descend vertically to 
 the water, partly by building up 
 a wall of masonry, partly by 
 boring tunnels through them. Be¬ 
 yond the small vill. of 
 
 8m. Olcio occur the principal of 
 tliese galleries; three are up¬ 
 wards of 3000 ft. long. 
 
 The views ‘of the lake are of 
 enchanting beauty, especially 
 towards the upper portion. Op¬ 
 posite the end of the promontory 
 dividing the Lecco from the Como 
 branch there is a 
 
 5 m. Cascade (Fiiime Latte) ; it is¬ 
 sues from a cavern in face of the 
 precipice to rt., and is a beautiful 
 object from the lake; dry in 
 autumn. 
 
 1 m. Varenna {Lin : Alb. Beale, good 
 but dear) is beautifully situated, 
 and a delightful resting-i^lace for. 
 a few days, but is very hot in 
 summer. {Ascent of the Grigna 
 made from here). 
 
 DBellagio, the finest point of 
 view on the lake, is i hr. row 
 across. Visit Villa Serhelloni for 
 the prospect. One hour takes 
 you to Majolica {Inn, la Ville de 
 Milan, first-rate). The Villa Car- 
 lotta or Sommariva beyond, near 
 Cadenabbia (good Inn), W. shore, 
 is well worth seeing, now the pro¬ 
 perty of Duke of Saxe-Meinin- 
 gen; it contains fine works by 
 Thorwaldsen and Canova.] 
 
 More galleries begin ^ a mile 
 from Varenna ; at Kigoledo, on a 
 liigh terrace, is a good Hydro¬ 
 pathic Establishment. At 
 
 Bellano {Inn : • Albergo della 3 m. 
 Torre, fair and moderate) the 
 Pioverna issues from a ravine 
 celebrated for its picturesqueness; 
 its waterfall, Orrido di Nesso, has 
 lowever lost much of its beauty 
 from the descent of a mass of > 
 rock. [The Pioverna flows i 
 
 through Val Sassina. Introbbio, ^ 
 
 at its head, can best be reached 
 on foot (see above).] I 
 
 1 
 
 Dervio, with a castle celebrated 2 m. J 
 in middle ages,, stands on margin . 
 of the lake. The rd. beyond 
 skirts a land-locked bay, Lago di 
 Fiona, and passes the base of 1 
 Mte. Legnone (8568 ft.), to reach | 
 
 Colico {Inns: Angelo (H. du 7 ni.j 
 Lac), homely, but not bad; Isola S 
 Bella, higher up, better); an un- a 
 
 healthy vill.; avoid sleeping, on P 
 
 account of malaria. S' 
 
 Boats can be engaged here, but are un- V 
 safe to embark carriages. A steamboat S 
 twice a-duy, calling at noon at Bomaso, B 
 opposite, if, as sometimes in summer, fl 
 water is not too shallow. Quickest way, B 
 to or from Milan, is by this boat and fl 
 rail (see above). fl 
 
 A marshy plain surrounds Co- I 
 
 lico. The rd. quits the lake, ■ 
 
 and presently fl 
 
 The Spliigen Rd. branehesl mj 
 
 oft’ N., and remains of the old |S 
 Spanish Fort of Fuentes (built ■ 
 
 when Milan belonged to Spain, K 
 and destroyed by the French in K 
 1786) are seen in that direction R 
 on a low hill. Our rd. now enters R 
 
 Yaltelline (Val Tellina; Germ. R 
 
 Veltlin), or Valley of the Adda. ■ 
 This lower part of it is a dreary ■ 
 district, the river stagnating in a ® 
 morass exhaling deadly miasma, 
 but, with this exception, it is full 
 of noble scenery. 
 
1 G 9 
 
 lite. 214 . 
 
 -hy the PASS of the STELVIO. 
 
 170 
 
 llistory.— ln 1620 the Pro- 
 testant inhab. were subjected 
 to expatriation and massacre, a 
 sort of iesser St. Bartholomew. In 
 1635 the valley was the scene of 
 a struggle between French and 
 Austrians. From 1512 to r 79 7 it 
 l^longed to the Swiss Canton of 
 the Prisons; was then attached to 
 hingdom of Italy; was united to 
 Bombardy by Congress of Vienna, 
 and regarded as an important 
 means of communication with 
 Bieir Italian possessions by the 
 House of Austria. In 185 9 it was 
 ceded with Lombardy to Sardinia, 
 and IS now part and parcel of the 
 Italian hingdoni. 
 
 The rd climbing up the slopes 
 on the _ S. side of the valley 
 (mountains fine on either hand) 
 reaches 
 
 {Inn, Regina 
 d Inghilterra, good, and not 
 dear), a well-built and well- 
 placed town. The scenery is rich • 
 and Me della Disgrazia, an out¬ 
 lier ot the snow-covered Bernina 
 chain is seen N.E., forming a 
 gland background. Command¬ 
 ing I'eeu; from the hill of the old 
 castle. Neighbourhood has been 
 lamous for excellent silk. 
 
 leads up by Val 
 del Bitto S over the Pass of San 
 Marm, and by Val d'Orta; into 
 Val Bremhana, and so to Bergamo 
 possible in one long dav o/ 
 keeping more to W., the Pizz’o 
 aei Ire Signori (about 8600 ft) 
 can be ascended for its fine 
 ]^inorama. Piazza, 25 m. from 
 Beigamo, or Zogno, about 12 m., 
 viil afford night quarters. The 
 scenery of Val Brembana is in¬ 
 teresting and unexplored.] 
 
 LThe Val Masino, a wild and 
 striking valley, opens N., acces- 
 "" ehar-rd. to the Bagni 
 del Masino, 10 m., amidst magni- 
 nceiit scenery, and in close neigh- 
 bourlmod of Me. della Vugmzia 
 ( 1 2,074 tt.), which IS best seen and 
 only accessible from tliis side, 
 (i 01 the ascent a good startina-- 
 V “r liiglicst herd-hut in 
 
 V. di Mello, or still better that in 
 the \al Sasso Bisolo). Two or 
 three fine passes for mountaineers 
 (the Zocca, the finest) lead over 
 mto Val Bregaglia, and so to 
 lavenna. Baths offer fair ac- 
 commodation, 3750 ft. above sea; 
 
 I lorclli, good guide.] 
 
 4 m. Eridp over the Adda at a 
 turn of the valley. 
 
 Bridge carries the rd. again 
 to 1. bank, and the valley resumes 
 Its straight course eastward, form¬ 
 ing an extensive vista. 
 
 A third Bridge returns the 2 
 ra. to the rt. bank. The fre- 
 quefoly varying_ course of the 
 Adda, due to inundations, de¬ 
 prives this part of the valley of 
 much of its beauty. The succes¬ 
 sive valleys opening S. lead gene¬ 
 rally to steep jiasses communicat¬ 
 ing with the Bergamesque Val¬ 
 leys S. of the chain. Northward, 
 to 1. of the traveller, but out of 
 
 ’ I!® great snow masses 
 ot the Bernina chain. 
 
 Sondrio (Inns: Post, large and8 
 good; Alb. della Maddalena, com¬ 
 fortable), a small but cheerful- 
 looking town, the capital of the 
 valtelline, and residence of a pre¬ 
 fect; 3784Inhab., 1198 ft. above 
 situation picturesque, at 
 
 sea. 
 
 entrance of Val Malenco, from 
 which issues the Malero, a stream 
 frequently very destnictive to 
 Sondrio, and which, guarded by 
 niassive embankments, is con¬ 
 ducted to the Adda. 
 
171 
 
 172 
 
 nte. 2U.-MILAN to INmBBVCK, 
 
 There is a fine view from tlie 
 ancient castle of Masegra, attainec. 
 by a slight ascent. 
 
 fAt Ill’s, from Sondrio, up 
 Val Malenco, is Chiesa {Inn, 
 Osteria Vecchia, best, but very 
 inditferent), amidst noble scenery. 
 The grand snow mass of the 
 Bernina is in front N., and that 
 of Mte. della Disgrazia W. Be¬ 
 tween the two is the Muretto 
 Pass, leading to Casaccia in Val 
 Bregaglia. By the Val Lauterna, 
 opening N.E. of Chiesa, is a path, 
 which, crossing the Canciano Pass. 
 E., leads to Poschiavo or le Prese. 
 (See below.) 
 
 From tlie Canciano Pass the^ 
 ascent of the Pizzo /ScaZmo (10,925 
 ft.) can bo made, offering tlie 
 finest point of view of the Bernina 
 group from the S. side.] 
 
 On leaving the town, a fine 
 hospital, built by a private in¬ 
 dividual, is seen. Hence the 
 scenery is somewhat uninterest¬ 
 ing, but the vineyards on 1. have a 
 certain fame, and numerous vil¬ 
 lages are interspersed among them. 
 
 12 m. Tresenda {Inn, very poor). 
 Above, on the 1 ., marked by a 
 watch-tower on a jutting rock, is 
 Teglio, now a village, but once 
 the capital of the Valtelline (Val 
 Teglino), to which it gave its 
 name. 
 
 [A good rd. here leads S. by 
 a bridge over the Adda to the 
 Aprica. Pass, and so to Edolo and 
 Val Camonica S., or to the pass 
 of Mte. Tonale N. A glorious 
 view along the course of the Adda 
 from summit of Aprica Pass, or 
 from an inn near it called Belve¬ 
 dere, There arc short cuts for a 
 pedestrian. A carriage takes 2 
 Ill’s, to ascend and i hr, to return. 
 See Rte. 231.] 
 
 Madonna di Tirano {Inn : San 6 m. 
 Michele, good; better than those 
 at Tirano); a village thus named 
 fi’om the marble ch. of the Virgin, 
 a famous sanctuary (founded 15 20), 
 at a point where the Poschiavo 
 valley and stream open upon the 
 Valtelline. Fine view from ter¬ 
 race of ch. of Sta. Pei’iietua. 
 
 [ A carriage-rd. (improved 
 since 1863) leads up the Pos¬ 
 chiavo valley and over the Ber¬ 
 nina pass to Pontresina (36 m.) 
 and the Engadine. Swiss frontier 
 is only i m. from Madonna di 
 Tirano; worth a stroll to the 
 ruined fort. The beautiful Lahe 
 of Poschiavo is 5 m. further; at 
 le Prese, on its banks, are Baths 
 offering comfortable quarters in 
 a delightful situation (see Swiss 
 K. Guide)'} 
 
 The I’d., shaded by fine ave¬ 
 nue of poplars, turns to the river, 
 and crosses to 
 
 Tirano {Inn : Due Torri, best; ^ m. 
 all inferior), small but ancient 
 town; 2 700 Inhab.; containing 
 deserted palaces of the Visconti, 
 Palavicini, Salis, and other noble 
 families. It has frequently suf¬ 
 fered from inundations of the 
 Adda. Eoad passes through a 
 defile to 
 
 Sernio; a landslip from ]\Ite. 2 m. 
 Massucio 1 . in 1807 choked the 
 defile, and formed a lake extend¬ 
 ing several miles up to Tovo, but 
 which burst after 11 days, cari’y- 
 ing desolation down the valley. At 
 
 Lovero, a mark, 18 ft. from the 2 m. 
 ground, shows the depth of water 
 at that i)oint. Village spires and 
 ruined castles abound in this part 
 of the valley, always of much mili- 
 I tary importance. At 
 
173 
 
 nte. 2U.~bij the PASS of the STELVIO. 174 
 
 2 ^ m. Mazzo, rd, crosses to rt. baiilc, 
 and at 
 
 21 ni. Grrosotto, the plot of tlio mas^ 
 Sucre of Protestants in 1620 was 
 laid in a house near the Inn 
 (Posta).^ [The FaZ (rrosma opens 
 h, otfering interesting-' paths to 
 Poschiavo.J The valley, adorned 
 by noble chestnut-trees, becomes 
 very picturesque. 
 
 5 m. Bolladore {Inn, Post, tolerable). 
 Across the river is Sondalo, cliief 
 place of Upper Valteline. A 
 picturesque ch. and ruined castle 
 are seen 1,, and soon after Mon- 
 dadizza, the rd. having crossed 
 stream, tlie Ved di Eezzo oj)ens 
 E. [Path by this to Sta. Cata¬ 
 rina (Rte, 214 A.] The rd. here 
 at Leprese has entered 
 
 8 m. A Defile, formerly closed by a 
 gate and wall; and at 
 
 2 m. Ponte del Diavolo, centre of the 
 defile, recrosses the torrent, Ee- 
 mains of fortification are seen at 
 difierpt points. The defile, and 
 with it the Vcdtelline, ceases near 
 
 5 ra. Ceppina, a vill. to the 1 ., and 
 the Val Ceppina is entered upon. 
 Part of Mte. Cristallo, belonging to 
 the Orteler range is now in sight, 
 and the traveller soon reaches 
 
 4 m. Bormio or Worms (Inns: none 
 good ; Posta, tolerable; best to go 
 on to the new Baths m. Jiigher 
 up, but these are closed after Sep¬ 
 tember ; ^ jjost charged to drive 
 there). This town, 4016 ft. above 
 sea, and surrounded by snowy 
 mountains, is very ancient. Once 
 actively concerned in the trade be¬ 
 tween Venice and the Grisons, it 
 was burnt by French, 1799; again 
 by accident in 1855; and now 
 
 scarcely numbers 1000 Inhab. De¬ 
 licious honey is sold here packed 
 in boxes, and Sassella, the best 
 wine of the Valtelline, may be had 
 everywhere between this and 
 Milan. The richness and beauty 
 of the Valtelline is now exchanged 
 for Alpine scenery—“ II freddo 
 paese.” Winter begins in Octo¬ 
 ber. The rd. ascends to the 
 
 New Baths; 60 apartments, 1| 
 and fair accommodation when not 
 over-full; closed end of Septem¬ 
 ber; baths supplied from hot, 
 saline, sulphureous springs, near 
 the old bathing-house, a short dis¬ 
 tance above. 
 
 [Foiu- valleys open out at Bor¬ 
 mio. 
 
 r. The Val Furva, from S.E, 
 
 3 hrs. along a char-rd. bring to 
 the baths of Sta, Catarina; fair 
 accommodation, and charges rea¬ 
 sonable ; situation very grand / 
 fine centre for mountain excur¬ 
 sions. Thence a path conducts 
 in 8 hrs. over pass of Corno dei 
 tre Signori to Pejo (Rte. 214 a), 
 whence the Val di Sole 7 s easily 
 reached, and then Trent in a day 
 (Etc. 220). 
 
 2. Val Dentro, W. By this the 
 traveller, turning 1. into Val Viola 
 and crossing a pass into Val 
 Cmnpo, may reach- the rd. from 
 Tirano to Pontresina at Piscia- 
 della. Or, leaving Val Viola to 1 ,, 
 and crossing the low pass of Fos~ 
 cagno, he descends by tlie short 
 lateral valley of Trepalle into the 
 sequestered Val Livigno, where, 
 
 6 hrs. from Bormio, is a poor 
 Thence there are 2 or 3 ways into 
 the Engadine, about 6 hrs. fur¬ 
 ther. Scenery all very wild; a 
 good guide required. 
 
 3. Val Fraele, N.W., often con¬ 
 sidered to hold the main stream 
 of the Adda; by this a mule-path, 
 
175 
 
 nte. 2.U.—MILAN to INNSBRUCK, 
 
 176 
 
 winch enters Yal Fraele from 
 Val Dentro, goes to St. Maria in 
 IMiinster Thai, and reaches the 
 Valley of the Adige at Glurns 
 (see Kte. 213). 
 
 4. The Yal di Braulio (or Um- 
 hrail), which our road ascends.J 
 
 The ascent of the pass begins 
 immediately behind Bormio. 
 
 It is reckoned at from 8^ to 12 hrs., 
 according to weight of carriage, state of 
 road, &c., to Prad, on the other sid-'. 
 Distance, from the windings of the rd., 
 27 m. Walking, without stoppages, it is 
 about si hi’s. from Bormio on one side, 
 to Trafoi (good quarters) on the other. 
 
 Near the Old Bath the road 
 crosses a deep chasm by a 
 
 Bridge, blown up in 1859 by 
 the Austrians to check the (>ari- 
 baldian rifles. The pass was 
 again disputed in 1866. Below, 
 1., is meeting of the torrents 
 from Val Fraele and Val di 
 Braulio. The former issues from 
 between vertical rocks, and the 
 only entrance to the valley is at 
 a great height above them; the 
 latter descends from one of the 
 most savage defiles in the Alps, 
 up which our rd. turns, passing 
 along the edge of a tremendous 
 precipice. 
 
 Tlie 1 st Gallery, called dei 
 Bagni, succeeds the bridge. At 
 its entrance is an inscription re¬ 
 cording the names of the 2 Italian 
 engineers who planned and com¬ 
 pleted this marvellous rd. 
 
 The Braulio, or, as some call 
 it, the Adda, is seen bursting 
 from a cavern in face of the op¬ 
 posite jirecipice. The rd. turns 
 rt. up a deep .and savage gorge, 
 and is carried through several 
 tunnels in the rock. The 
 
 1 st Cantoniera, or house of 
 
 refuge, is near the lower end of 
 the defile. The rd. is protected 
 by artificial galleries between 
 this and 
 
 The 2 n(i Cantoniera, near the 
 upper end of the gorge, called 
 the first stage out of Bormio, but 
 no longer supplied with horses. 
 Immediately afterwards 
 
 The Ponte Alto crosses the 
 torrent of the Val Vitelli. [A 
 glacier descends this valley from 
 the snowy masses of Mte. Cris- 
 tallo, a portion of the great 
 Orteler group, ascended from 
 this point by Mr. Tuckett, 1864.J 
 
 The rd. then ascends by ter¬ 
 races and zigzags the steep slope 
 of 
 
 Spondalunga (the long wall), 
 whence is a striking view of the 
 7 galleries already passed, look¬ 
 ing like a long battery. The rd. 
 is carried in zigzags and sup¬ 
 ported by walls up this steep 
 and difficult part of the ascent. 
 Beyond, it crosses tlie Braulio 
 torrent by a 
 
 Bridge, and presently reaches 
 tlie 
 
 3 rd Cantoniera, and the wild 
 open basin below the summit. 
 Further on is 
 
 Sta. Maria, or 4 tli Cantoniera, 12 
 
 a group of buildings, comprising 
 the former jiost-house, the Italian 
 custom-house, and a large Inn, 
 comfortless and dirty, but suffici¬ 
 ent for a mountaineer’s quarters. 
 
 [The Swiss frontier is here 
 close at hand, 1., and the ancient 
 pass of the Worniser Jocli, leads 
 in 3 hrs. to Sta. Maria in the 
 
177 
 
 Rte. 214.—5?/ the PASS of the STELVIO. 
 
 178 
 
 Munster Thai, whence the Aclio-e 
 can be gained at Glunis in 
 4 hrs. (see Rte. 213). The 
 Austrian government, unable to 
 pin chase this once much-used 
 pass, Avere obliged to carry the 
 rd. oyer the higher and more 
 lormidable Stelvio. A good 
 View from the ridge of the 
 ormser, easily reached : many 
 I’are Alpine plants.J 
 
 An ascent, not steeji, leads to 
 tlie 
 
 1000 ft. above Sta, 
 Maria (a pedestrian can shorten 
 ^^^tance). This, in German 
 Stilfser Joch, is 9177 ft. above 
 sea, 900 above lino of perpetual 
 snow, and 1500 ft. higher than 
 any other carriage-rd. in Eu¬ 
 rope. 
 
 1 frontier is marked by an 
 o jelisk and a solitary house, 
 ■i'et dincindshohe, now deserted. 
 
 fA footpath leads over slate 
 shingle in 20 min. N. to a pro¬ 
 jecting rock commanding a won¬ 
 derful panorama; or, in i hr., 
 Mte. Plessura (9941 ft.), N.N.e! 
 can bo ascended, Avhence the 
 view extends from the Bernina, 
 
 intns. of 
 
 the Oetzthal on the other.J 
 
 The scene has now changed to 
 snow and glacier, and above all 
 coinprises the mighty Orteler 
 Spdze, 12,811 ft. 
 
 . C This, the loftiest and most 
 interesting of the Tyrolean mtns 
 and recognised from great dis¬ 
 tances along the range of the 
 Alps westward, forms a northern 
 spur from a vast mass of snowy 
 summits, generally termed the 
 Orteler group, circling round 
 from the Stelvio pass on the W. 
 to the Gavia pass, leading to Vai 
 
 Camonica, on the S., and of 
 which Mte. Cristallo (11,370 ft.), 
 the Thunoieser Sp. (11,962 ft.),’ 
 and the Madatsch Sp. on the 
 Stelvio side ; the Kdniqsspitze 
 ft.), Mte. Zehru (12,255), 
 till lately confounded with it 
 and Zufall Sp. (12,344 ft., more 
 tiiily called Mte. Cevedale, or 
 Oeval Sp.) near the centre of the 
 -F'onwccm (11950 
 7 *77 (^>920 ft.), Pizzo 
 
 della Mare (11,920 ft.), and Mte. 
 Iresero, 11,800 ft., to the S., 
 aio the most noticeable mem¬ 
 bers. Of these the Konigsspitze 
 ranks next to the Orteler in 
 importance, not only ivith re¬ 
 spect to the group, but the 
 whole of the Austrian Alps; and 
 from the N. especially, forms an 
 almost equally grand object, 
 from the centre mass several 
 minor ranges, or spurs, are pro¬ 
 jected ; the Orteler itself N., as 
 already said, forms one of these ; 
 and 2 others project in like manner 
 fiom the outer side of the curve ■ 
 one, to the N.E., has for its 
 highest summit the Mittlere 
 Reder Spitze, 11,349 ft.; the 
 other, stretching E., is of greater 
 length, and includes the Venezia 
 fejiitze, Zufrid Sp., and Eggen Sji., 
 11,214 ft. Between these two 
 ranges lies the Martell Thai. 
 Within the curve, and proieetino’ 
 S.Vf., is a well-marked spui° 
 ending in Mte. Confinale (11,076’ 
 ft.), which offers thus a noble 
 View. The valleys on either side 
 of this latter ridge, and enclosed 
 by the two arms of the curve, 
 are respectively Valle del Zehru 
 and Val Forno. They are mag¬ 
 nificent in their scenery, to 
 which the Baths of Sta. Catarina, 
 at the junction of the latter val¬ 
 ley Avith Val Furva, afford ready 
 access. For St. Catarina, ascent 
 
179 
 
 me. 214:.—MILAN io INNSBRUCK, 
 
 180 
 
 of Mte. Confinale, at foot of wMch 
 it lies, and further details of the 
 Orteler group, see Kte. 214 a.] 
 
 The Descent on the Tyrol side 
 is carried down a steep slope 
 by nearly 50 zigzags; and pro¬ 
 tected by a series of wooden 
 galleries (now falling into de¬ 
 cay), from the avalanches which 
 in spring sweep the moun¬ 
 tain face and plunge into the 
 Madatsch glacier below on tlie 
 rt. A post-house on this slope 
 was destroyed in 1836 by an 
 avalanche, the post-master being 
 found dead under a huge frag¬ 
 ment of rock. Half-way down, 
 oil a sheltered platform, is 
 
 Franzenshohe, the 2 nd Can- 
 toniera from summit (7200 ft.), 
 formerly a large post-station, with 
 extensive stables. Hence is tlie 
 best view of the Madatsch glacier 
 and the Madatsch Spitze (11,244 
 ft.) above. Here also the woods 
 of the Trafoi Tiial below begin to 
 be visible. At the 
 
 Gth Cantoniera (called del 
 B08C0, from the first occurrence 
 of fir-trees), in ruin since 1848, 
 the rd. is nearly on a level 
 with the glacier, by the side of 
 which is a small pilgrimage 
 chapel. The view of the Orteler 
 Spitze is now gradually lost, but 
 the Weiss Kugel, one of the 
 Oetzthal snow-peaks, comes into 
 view. The rd. descends by wind¬ 
 ing terraces to 
 
 7111. Trafoi (Inn, Post, homely and 
 small but comfortable, with an 
 excellent hostess, 20 beds, and 6 
 stoves), 5079 ft. A hamlet of half- 
 a-dozen chalets. 
 
 Best place to sleep lefore crossing the 
 pass. 7 hrs. drive from Bormio, 3 from 
 
 Prad, 3 lira, for a pedestrian from sum¬ 
 mit. 
 
 A short but very striking walk 
 should be taken if possible from 
 Trafoi, f of an hour over mea¬ 
 dows, and up a short glen, to the 
 Ileiligen drei Brunnen{ TresFontes, 
 whence Trafoi). Here three 
 streams issue from the breasts of 
 3 sacred figm’es, protected by a 
 shed, and hard by a small chapel 
 of the Virgin, an object of fre¬ 
 quent pilgrimage. The spot was 
 probably a sanctuary in pagan 
 times, and the grandeur and 
 beauty of the surrounding scenery 
 are “indescribable.” TItree great 
 glaciers, the Unterer and Oberer 
 Trafoi, and tlie Madatsch, descend 
 towards the head of this glen. 
 
 [T/te Ascent of the Orteler Spitze 
 is effected from the Trafoi side 
 by 3 routes, 2 of wliich start 
 from the Ileiligen drei Brunnen. 
 The old rte. climbed up a steejr 
 tangled wooded slope for about 
 1000 ft. to the foot of the 
 Pleis, an ice couloir constituting 
 the priuci])al difficulty of the 
 ascent; thence a plateau of neve. 
 was gained, and only time and 
 labour were required to reach the 
 summit. Mr. Tuckett, in 1864, 
 successfully varied this route by 
 avoiding the Pleis, and striking 
 up a iiollow, called the Taharetta 
 Thai, filled with glaciers in its 
 upper portion, and exposed to 
 falling rocks, but from which the 
 great slojre of snow and ice 
 leading to the summit was more 
 easily reached. A third route has 
 since been taken which reaches 
 tiie head of the Taharetta Thai, 
 up the next hollow to the N., and 
 by a director course from Trafoi, 
 This and one from the Sulden- 
 thal appear to be the best routes, 
 and the ascent may be consi¬ 
 dered tolerably easy and safe for 
 
181 
 
 Itte. 214,—% ihe PASS of the STELVIO, 
 
 182 
 
 those accustomed to snow, and to 
 require not more than between 6 
 and 7 hrs. walking. The View is 
 magnificent’ for the vast array of 
 snow-peaks on every point of the 
 compass, except the E., which is 
 filled by a forest of the “ glorious 
 Eolomites.” Joseph Schopf is 
 the best guide, and Ortler of 
 Gomagoi knows the old route.J 
 
 The road below Trafoi crosses 
 backward and forward two or 
 three times over the stream. The 
 scenery of the valley is unsur¬ 
 passed by any other Alpine land¬ 
 scape. At 
 
 2* m. Gomagoi (a poor Inn), 3901 ft., 
 is a toll-house and a fort, built 
 since i860. 
 
 [The Sulden Thai opens here 
 rt,, and the glacier at its head 
 appears in view. At Sulden (St. 
 Gertrud) the jiriest’s house oflers 
 quarters; also Gampenlwfe, near 
 the foot of the glacier, of a rougher 
 sort. This may be reached in 4 
 or 5 hrs. The secluded valley 
 offers “features of the highest 
 order of grandeur,” and there is a 
 superb view of the Orteler Spitze 
 f]-om the summit of the glacier, 
 by which also is a pass into the 
 Martell Thai (described Ete. 
 213 j; or, by a variation of course, 
 the base of the Konigsspitze can 
 be I'eached, and the ascent effected 
 (only feasible for practised moun¬ 
 taineers). From the Suldenthal 
 also is an interesting route to the 
 head of Val Forno, and so to Sta. 
 Catarina. It leads by the Sulden 
 Gl. over the Janiger Scharte, or 
 Eissee Joch, to the iqiper portion 
 of the Langereferner at the head 
 of the Martellthal, and thence 
 nearly at a level over the Oeve- 
 dale Pass. 
 
 There are 2 rtes. to ih.Q summit of 
 
 the Orteler from/S'#. Gertrud, which, 
 if a hut is built on W. shoulder of 
 the Tabaretta Sp., may become 
 better than any other, as the 
 starting-point is 1000 ft. higher. 
 
 The 1st rte. reaches in 4 hrs. a 
 notch in the ridge, i hr. N. of 
 Tabaretta Sp., and visible from 
 St. Gertrud. Hence the “ Tuckett 
 rte. is joined in 2 hrs., and sum¬ 
 mit reached in 3 more. 2nd Pte. 
 makes for the ridge S. of the Ta¬ 
 baretta Sp,, but success beyond, 
 much depends on state of snow. 
 Pinggera, of Ausser Sulden, a 
 good guide.2 
 
 Passing Gomagoi, the vill. of 
 Stilfs or Stelvio, whence the ^xass 
 takes its name, is high up on the 
 1 . The steep slopes of mica 
 schist, in the lower valley, are 
 very treacherous- in rainy weather, 
 sending down rocks and stones 
 upon the rd. At Schmetz, a small 
 group of houses. Passports are 
 asked for. 
 
 Prad (Inn, Eoss, tolerable), 4 m. 
 the chief village, though a poor 
 one, of the valley, with a very 
 ancient ch. on a hillock. [A 
 pleasant footpath by Agums and 
 Glums, 7 m., to illaZs.J A 
 causeway carries the rd. across 
 the Valley of the Adige to the 
 
 Bridge of Spondinig (J?w,li ni 
 decent), where our rte. joins that “ 
 leading E. to Botzen, or N. to 
 Innsbruck. 
 
 Mals (Inn, Post) : hence to 7 m. 
 Innsbruck, see Ete. 213. 
 
 (Time for walking over Stelvio .-—Prad 
 to Trafoi, 2 hrs.; Franzenshohe, ; sum- 
 mit, If- ; Sta. Maria, f; Baths of Bormio; 
 
 3 hrs. in all, exclusive of stoppages. 
 
 By a light caUche with 2 homes from Fi ad 
 to Bormio and hack, good weather, —to 
 FranzenshOhe, 4 hrs.; Sta. Maria, 2 ; Baths 
 
183 
 
 Bte. 2UA.—B0RMI0 to VAL DI SOLE 
 
 184 
 
 of Bormio, 2 . Return to Sta. Maria, 35 
 hrs.; summit, f hr.; Prad. 4 hrs.) 
 
 97 m. Innsbruck (Ete. 212.) 
 
 (Starting from Innsbruck, the best 
 halting-places are, perhaps, Imst, 1st day; 
 Finstermlinz, or Nauders, 2nd; Trafoi, 
 jrd; Bormio Baths, 4th ; Morbegno, 5tb ; 
 whence Como or Milan the 6th). 
 
 Rte. 214 A.-BOEMIO to 
 MALE in VAL DI SOLE. 
 
 BORMIO to 
 
 ENG.M. HUS. 
 
 Sta. Catarina .9 3 
 
 Pejo. 16 8 
 
 Fusine, Val di Sole .... 6 2 
 
 Male. 10 3 
 
 A char-rd. up Val Furva to Sta. Cata¬ 
 rina, and thence rough mountain walking 
 over the pass to Val di Sole. 
 
 A pedestrian bound from the 
 N. for South Tyrol, and wishing 
 to see the Stelvio en route, may, 
 after reaching Bormio, traverse 
 by the course here indicated 
 magnificent scenery, reacli the 
 interesting valleys of Sole and 
 Non, and emerge upon the Valley 
 of the Adige between Botzen and 
 Trent; or, striking S. from Male, 
 make for the Lago di Garda 
 through the splendid district of 
 the Adamello. 
 
 At Bormio the Frodolfo issues 
 from Val Furva; a char-rd. as¬ 
 cends the rt. bank. 
 
 St. Nicolo is the chief vill. of 2 m 
 the valley; further on the 
 
 Val del Zebru opens on the 2 m 
 N., leading into the heai-t of the 
 Orteler group and noble glacier 
 scenery. Mte. Confiuale stands at 
 the S. corner, dividing it from Val 
 Furva, which now bends south¬ 
 ward round the base of this mtn. 
 
 Our rd. ascends it to 
 
 Santa Catarina (5 720 ft.) The 5 m 
 Inn here, a large building, is apt 
 to be crowded during the short 
 summer — the village itself is 
 deserted before winter; quarters 
 rougli, but comfortable, and 
 charges reasonable. The object 
 of the visitors is to drink the 
 chalybeate waters, which are 
 largely bottled and exported. 
 
 The surrounding scenery is of 
 the highest order. 3 Ite. Tresero 
 (see below) stands imposingly on 
 the S.E., and a magnificent pano¬ 
 rama is obtained by an 
 
 Ascent of Alte. Con finale, 11,076 
 ft. The path is through the vill., 
 and up the 1. bank of a torrent on 
 the mountain side, over slopes 
 into an elevated gully, and by a 
 scramble up the cliffs at its head, 
 by which the snow-field is 
 gained; this leads to the foot 
 of the final rocks, which are 
 easily climbed; 4 hrs. (without 
 
 halts) are well suflicient. The 
 view includes nearly all the 
 highest summits of the Orteler 
 and Lombard Alps, and displays 
 in particular the conformation of 
 the Orteler group, which ranges 
 N. and E., and circles round to 
 the S. The peaks of Mte. Cris- 
 tallo commence the range on the 
 W. The peak of the Orteler is seen 
 lying back to the N. The Zebru 
 Spitze follows, and the Kcinigs- 
 spitze (see Ete. 214) shows itself 
 
185 
 
 lUe. ‘iUA.—BOItMlO to VAL DI SOLE, 
 
 ]86 
 
 grandly next to it on the E. 
 The Zufall Spitze (or Mte. Ceve- 
 dale), direct E., marks the bend 
 of the curve, which ends S.E. 
 in the Viozzi Spitz, Pizzo della 
 IMare, and Mte. Tresero. Besides 
 this magnificent array the Ada- 
 mello snowy group is seen further 
 to the S.; in the N.W. is Piz 
 Linard, and the W. is occupied by 
 the group of the Bernina. 
 
 [From Sta. Catarina a pass 
 leads uj) Val Fomo, and N. of 
 Mte. Cevedale into the Martell- 
 tiled; or, round by the Janiger 
 Scharte or Eissee Joch into the 
 Suldentlial, both valleys, and 
 especially the latter, remarkable 
 for grandeur of scenery, described 
 Rtes. 213 and 214.] 
 
 {Val Form strikes otf N.E. 
 from Sta. Catarina, and the great 
 snovy masses to the S. of it 
 were, up to 1865, a terra incog¬ 
 nita. In that year they were ex¬ 
 plored by Mr. Tuckett. Reckon¬ 
 ing from Mte. Cevedale (Zufall 
 Spitze), at the head of the valley, 
 the principal peaks are, succes¬ 
 sively, ahitherto nameless summit, 
 La Fornaccia, (11,950 ft.), be¬ 
 lieved now to be tlie loftiest of tlie 
 group; Viozzi Spitz, (11,920 ft.) ; 
 Saline (11,883 ft.); Palle della 
 ]Mare(iT,855ft.); Giumella( 11,842 
 ft.); Pizzo della Mare (i 1,920 ft.) ; 
 and Mte. Tresero (i 1,800 ft.), end¬ 
 ing the group to the W. in an 
 abrupt and noble peak. The Forno 
 Glacier, hr. from Sta. Catarina, 
 is probably the finest glacier 
 of the whole Orteler group. A 
 pass (ir,ioo?ft.) has been made 
 by it between the Fornaccia and 
 the Viozzi Sp. into the upper part 
 of the Val della Mare,—from Sta. 
 Catarina to Cogolo,—in about 10 
 hrs.; and another still more direct 
 between the Viozzi and Saline to 
 the Baths of Pejo in about 9 hrs. 
 
 Domenico Venere of Cogolo, a 
 good guide.] 
 
 From Sta. Catarina Val Gavia 
 opens S. Up this valley our course 
 lies by a steep path, at first on 
 W. side of torrent, leaving on rt. 
 
 A path, leading W. over a 1 hr. 
 pass into Val Rezzo. [By this 
 the Valtelline, above Bolladore, 
 can be reached much sooner than 
 by Bormio.] The path then crosses 
 to rt. bank and continues on lofty 
 precipices and amidst the wildest 
 scenery till 
 
 Near the summit of the pass, 2 hrs. 
 where rt. is Lago Bianco, and 1 . 
 the Corno dei Tre Signori, 10,910 
 ft., and there is a choice of 2 loays 
 into Val di Sole, 
 
 (a) By the Gavia Pass, the 
 easier, but more cu-cuitou.s, con¬ 
 tinues over 
 
 The Eidge, 8500 ft., in front, 
 snow often lingering late in the 
 stern alpine basin that leads to 
 it; Mte. Gavia standing W., and 
 the Corno dei Tre Signori E. 
 
 The descent is into Val Mazza, 
 where a small lake, Lago Nero, 
 the source of the Oglio, is f)assecl 
 rt. The path continues along the 
 1 . bank of the stream. High 
 peaks enclose the glen on all 
 sides. Then 
 
 Lago Silissi, an expanse of 
 water surrounded by reeds, is 
 passed, and the vill. of 
 
 Pezzo is reached. Hence is a 
 good track on W. side of Oglio to 
 
 Ponte di Legno (a i^oor Inn). 4 hrs. 
 The distance from Sta. Catarina 
 is between 7 and 8 hrs. 
 
187 
 
 Rte. 214 a.— i?OWIO. to VAL DI SOLE. 
 
 188 
 
 The traveller is now on the 
 carriage-rd. from Val Oamonica 
 over the fine Tonale Pass into 
 Val Sole, described Kte* 220. 
 Male is distant about 25 ms 
 
 (b) By the Sforzellina Pass. 
 Before reaching summit of Gavia 
 Pass turn 1 ., no path, up the 
 steep N. flanks of the Gorno dei 
 Tre Signori (10,910 ft.), the final 
 spur of the Mte. Tresero range, 
 and so named because the former 
 territories of Venice, Switzerland, 
 and Austria once met there. The 
 neve of a small 
 
 Glacier is crossed, and the 
 summit of the 
 
 Sforzellina ridge (9950 ft.), be¬ 
 tween the Corno and the great 
 snow masses to the N., is reached 
 ill about I hr’s. climb (or 35 from 
 Sta. Catarina). 
 
 [From the Gavia Gl. the ascent 
 of the Pizzo della Mare, 11,9 20 ft. 
 (established by Mr. Tuckett in 
 1865 to be higher than Mte. Tre¬ 
 sero, previously considered the 
 loftiest of the grouji), can bo 
 made by the S. arete in 3 hrs. 
 Panorama about the most won¬ 
 derful in the Aljis. Mt. Blanc 
 seen at distance of 185 m., and 
 IMte. Viso at 210 m. W., and 
 the Gross Glockner on the E. 
 Mte. Tresero, 11,800 ft., was first 
 ascended at same time by Mr. 
 Tuckett. Beached from the head 
 of the Gavia Glacier in if hr. 
 Descent, 3 hrs. to Sta. Catarina, 
 by S.W. arete to a small glacier, 
 and scrambling down its rt. bank 
 into Val Furva.] 
 
 The descent, keeping to 1 . bank 
 of the torrent, is long, but not 
 difficult, into 
 
 Val Bormina, wliicli turns N.E., 
 and through which runs the Nos 
 (Nocc). At about 10 m., or 4 hrs., 
 from summit, a little above the 
 juiict. of another valley, Val della 
 Mare, from the N., stand the 
 
 Baths of Pejo, frequented by 
 water-drinkers, and provided with 
 2 or 3 small inns, closed early in 
 autumn. 
 
 [The Val della Mare, one of 
 the wildest glens in the Orteler 
 group, stretches up to the foot of 
 Mte. CeVedale (12,344 ft., Zufall 
 Spitze) N.W., and of the Venezia 
 Spitze (10,512 ff.) N.E. The 
 latter belongs to a branch of the 
 Orteler group, extending east¬ 
 ward, and forming the S. boun¬ 
 dary of the Martellthal, while 
 it is penetrated from S. and E. 
 by the Val della Mare, Val di 
 Babbi, and the Ulten Thai. A 
 principal j^^ak is the Zufrid 
 Spitz (11,262 ft.), at head of 
 Val di Babbi and the Ulten- 
 thaF; but the highest point is the 
 Eggen Spitz (11,263 ft.), an off¬ 
 shoot from the main mass, S.E., 
 and separating the Val di Babbi 
 from the Ultenthal.] 
 
 The Baths of Pejo are on rt. of 
 the stream. A little further down 
 the valley, which now turns at 
 an angle S.E., is 
 
 Cogolo, whence a char-rd., cross¬ 
 ing and recrossing the Noce, de¬ 
 scends to 
 
 Fusine, in VaF di Sole {Inn,G m, 
 of country sort, clean and com¬ 
 fortable). Here, or at next vilL, 
 
 Pelizzano, a car may bo hired 
 to convey the traveller to 
 
 Male {Imi, Corona, tolerable, 10 m. 
 
189; 
 
 Bte. 215.—r/ie OETZTHAL. 
 
 190 
 
 blit beware of charges). See 
 Rtcs. 220 and 220 a for Val di 
 Non, or for the for finer Vcd di 
 Jtendena. 
 
 Rte. 215.—The OETZTHAL, 
 PITZTHAL, and KAUNSTHAL. 
 INNSBRUCK to MERAN, by 
 the TIMBLER JOCH; or by 
 the FENDER THAI and HOCH 
 JOCH or NIEDER JOCH. 
 
 INNSBRUCK to 
 
 ENG. M. HUS. 
 
 Octz j ^ — 
 
 Umhausen. 6 2 
 
 Solden.17 
 
 Timbler Joch (Col) ... 10 4 
 
 St. Leonhard . . . . i . 14 5 
 
 Meran. 12 4 
 
 SOLDEN to 
 
 Fend.. 14 5 
 
 NiederJoch.— 4 
 
 Unsre Frau.— j 
 
 Naturns. r . , — 4.} 
 
 Meran ..9.J- — 
 
 The rd. of the Oetzthal is good as far 
 as Lengenfeld and a little beyond; thence 
 to Solden is a cart-track, often bad. Be¬ 
 yond Solden the upper valleys are tra¬ 
 versed only by footpaths. The passes 
 are over glaciers, requiring good guides. 
 On the S. side the paths are steep and 
 rough before reaching a rd. No pro¬ 
 visions, not even bread, can be relied on 
 in the upper vallej's. Umhausen or 
 Lengenfeld can supply what is necessary, 
 and afford convenient sleeping quarters. 
 Guides recommended are,—in Umhausen, 
 Franz Schdpf, Ferd. and Anton Mar- 
 berger: in Solden: Karlinger (son) and 
 Jos. Gstrein: in Fend, Cyprian Gran- 
 
 bickler (best), Nikodem Leandor, Hans 
 Klotz, Ferd. Platter; in Gurgl, Tobias 
 Sautner, and Gstrein (Krumpens). 
 
 The Oetzthal group of mountains 
 presents the largest surface of 
 snow and glacier in Tyrol, per¬ 
 haps even in the whole range of 
 the Alps. Offering an almost 
 unbroken front towards the S., 
 they are approached from the 
 N. by 3 long and deep valleys, 
 all opening upon the Inn. The 
 Kaunsthal, the most westerly, is 
 entered at Prutz, above Landeck; 
 the Pitzthal opens nearly opposite 
 Imst; the Oetzthal, giving name 
 to the group, opens but a few 
 miles more to the E., and is the 
 longest, branches extensively at 
 its head, and is every way the 
 most important. The loftiest 
 mtn. of the group is the Wild 
 Spitze (12,389 ft.), standing for 
 back to the N;, and ranging in 
 height second only to the Gross 
 Glockner, itself below the Orteler 
 and Konigs Spitze.- Several high 
 peaks stretch from this in a line 
 westwards ; and at the S.-western 
 corner is the Weiss Kugel (12,279 
 ft.), of nearly equal importance 
 with the Wild Spitze. In the 
 centre of the S. front is the 
 SimilaunSpitze (11,823 on® of 
 several which form that great 
 rampart. The whole mass be¬ 
 longs to the great central axis of 
 the Alpine range, and is mainly 
 composed of gneiss. The Oetz¬ 
 thal, running N. and S. for a 
 distance of nearly 50 m., watered 
 by the Ache, offers at its head 
 among these mtns. some of the 
 most romantic scenes in Tyrol, 
 and access to a magnificent array 
 of glaciers, which, however, only 
 good pedestrians and “icemen” 
 can thoroughly enjoy. This 
 upper portion consists of 2 prin¬ 
 cipal branches, the Gurgl Thai 
 
191 
 
 me. 215.—ne OETZTHAL. 
 
 192 
 
 E., and the Fender Thai 'VY.: of 
 these the latter is the longer, 
 and contains far the finer scenery. 
 The i^ople of the Oetztlial are 
 serious in character, eschewing 
 dancing and music; and the 
 women wear on their heads an 
 uncouth muff, like a grenadier’s 
 cap. 
 
 The Siiilmy Thai group of 
 mountains lies along the eastern 
 side of the Oetzthal, and many 
 travellers include them in the 
 same excursion. The different 
 approaches to them are indicated 
 in the present route; but the Stu- 
 bay Thai group itself is described 
 separately Rte. 215 a. 
 
 From Innsbruck, see Rte. 212 
 to 
 
 27 m. Silz (Inn, Steinbock). The 
 rd. of the Oetzthal turns off 1 . 
 at a 
 
 2 m. Chapel, a little short of Hai- 
 mingen, through a wood, and 
 enters the Oetzthal at 
 
 31 m. Brunau (fine Vieio) ; thence 
 descends to the Ache, at a point 
 where the Stuibenbach joins it 
 from the E. [At the head of 
 the Stuihenthal, after passing vill. 
 of Ochsengarten, is the pictu¬ 
 resque scenery of Kiihetay, and a 
 pass over into the Selrainthal, 
 Rte. 215;^^.] 
 
 The vill. of Sautens is seen on 
 opposite bank before reaching 
 
 2|m. Oetz (Inn, [Cassian Wirth, 
 clean). 1300 Inhab.; situated 
 among wooded slopes. 
 
 [The traveller coming from 
 Imst leaves the valley of the Inn 
 at Roppen, and crossing the hill¬ 
 side with a fine View comes down 
 upon Sautens in 3 to 4 hrs,, 
 
 whence he crosses the stream 
 and reaches Oetz in \ hr.] 
 
 Keeping on rt. bank to Habi- 
 chen, the road crosses to 
 
 Dumpen on 1 . bank, where 3 m 
 is a bell-foundry. Scenery very 
 grand, and enlivened by nu¬ 
 merous cascades on all sides. 
 Road crosses stream, and passes 
 under the Engelsimnd E., so 
 named from a tradition that the 
 only child of the Lord of Schloss 
 Hirschberg, carried off by a Z«m- 
 mergeier, was rescued on the pre- 
 cqiicc by an angel. 
 
 Umhausen (Inn, Marberger’s, 3 m 
 good, pleasant people, and land¬ 
 lord well acquainted with the 
 country; ash for trout), vill. of 
 1000 Inhab., in the widest part 
 of the valley. 
 
 [2 m. up a lateral valley S.E., 
 the Ilairlachthal, is the Stuihen 
 Full, more tlian 5 00 ft.; well 
 worth seeing; 2 hrs. to go and 
 return. A rainbow in the spray 
 is visible in the morning. A 
 path continues up the valley 
 (which turns northward) and 
 crosses a col on the rt. (the 
 Gleirscher Joch) into the Gries- 
 thal, descending into the Selrain¬ 
 thal, Rte. 215 A. By this a pe¬ 
 destrian from Innsbruck might 
 vary route into the Oetztlial.] 
 
 [From Umhausen on the W. 
 opens the wild valley of the 
 Lairsch, with a path over into 
 the Pitzthal.Ji 
 
 The valley now narrows into a 
 savage gorge, where the road 
 keeps close to the river; it opens 
 at last upon fine meadow-land, 
 and displays a picturesque view 
 of 
 
 Lengenfeld (Inn, fair; a good 7 m 
 
193 
 
 194 
 
 ate. 215 .—TAe OETZTHAL. 
 
 guide may be engaged here). Tins 
 is a pretty vill., showing the 
 green-painted spire of its ch. from 
 a distance. The Fischbach from 
 the E. divides the Unter from the 
 Ober Lengenfeld. This stream 
 issues from the Sidztlial. 
 
 [From Gries, its prineipal vill., 
 a path ascends to a col on the S. 
 of the Gries Kogel, and leads into 
 the Lisenzerthal, 8 or 9 hrs., to the 
 “Alpenhaus ”there, see Rte. 215 a. 
 Also from Giies, keeping up the 
 valley to the S., the Mutterherger 
 Jock is reached, leading to the 
 Stubaythal. Ete. 215 a.] 
 
 3 m. Huben is at the extremity of 
 the open valley of Lengenfeld, 
 and here the rd. becomes very 
 bad, entering a magnificent ra¬ 
 vine, with merely room, for stream 
 and road, the latter often in the 
 bed of the former. In a roadside 
 chapel, a little beyond Iluben, is 
 a remarkable carving of Christ 
 on the cross, dating from 15th 
 centy. 
 
 [The Pollesthal opens W., with 
 a path over to Plangeros in the 
 Pitzthal.3 After passing and re¬ 
 passing the stream at Brand and 
 Kaiser, 
 
 7 m. Sblden on 1 . bank is reached 
 {hin, Krone, very fair). Tlie 
 valley here widens a little, but 
 soon contracts again into one of 
 the grandest and most precipitous 
 of ravines, where the bad cart- 
 track is succeeded by a good 
 footpath, often, however, damaged 
 by fallen rocks and stones, to the 
 fatal results of wdiich numerous 
 memorial tablets testify. 
 
 [At Solden the Winacherthal 
 opens E,; a path ascends it, keep¬ 
 ing to rt. bank of the stream, 
 and in about 6 m. turns up a 
 
 Kp. Tyr. & Alps. 
 
 lateral glen K.E. to the Winacher 
 glacier, ij hr. of ice work, and 
 crossing the Jock between the 
 Schaufl Sj)itze rt., and the Hoch 
 Spitze 1., descends by In der 
 Fernau and tiie Mutterherger 
 Alp into the Stubaythal, reach¬ 
 ing Neustift, principal vill., and 
 Inn, 12 hrs. from Solden. Rev. 
 
 Mr. Watson perished on this 
 glacier in a crevasse some years 
 ago. See Rte. 215 a.] 
 
 After traversing the gorge the 
 valley opens a little at 
 
 Zwieselstein, where it divides 3 m. 
 into two branches, the Gurglthal 
 1 ., and the Fenderthal rt. 
 
 A. By the durglthal (ind Timhler 
 Joch to hlermi. 
 
 The Gurgl Thai runs nearly 
 due S. from Zwieselstein. The 
 pass of the Timhler Joch is a fre¬ 
 quented mule-track, and not dif¬ 
 ficult. 
 
 The Timhler Bach enters from 2 m. 
 the E., and the steep track to the 
 Joch leaves the Gurglthal to 
 ascend it. 
 
 [Continuing up the valley, at 
 about 7 m. from Zwieselstein is 
 Ober Gurgl {Inn, kept by the 
 priest, 3 rooms, 8 beds), a hamlet 
 composed of wretched cowherd 
 huts. Ch. stands on an eminence. 
 Extensive glaciers surround the 
 head of the valley ; and reached 
 by a circuitous path about 5 m. 
 above Ober Gurgl is a small 
 lake {Langthaler Eis See), first 
 formed in 1717 by the sudden 
 descent of the Langthaler glacier. 
 Bursting once, it formed again 
 much larger, and terror spread 
 through the whole Oetzthal. The 
 priest said mass every Saturday 
 in midst of the glacier, and a 
 
 H 
 
commission was sent from InnS' 
 bruck. Fortunately the waters 
 drained off again without doins: 
 mischief, but they have agi 
 collected, and icebergs are occa 
 sionally seen floating upon the 
 surface of the lake. 
 
 By a path keeping to 1 . of the 
 lake, and by a difficult and de¬ 
 vious ascent over 5 m. of glacier, 
 the Langtluder Joch is reached, 
 9644 ft., on the E. shoulder of the 
 Hoch Wild Spitze (not the chief 
 Oetzthal mtn. of that name); 
 thence the descent is into the 
 Pfelderthal, a branch of the 
 Passeyr, which latter leads down 
 to Meran. A much shorter route, 
 however, from the Pfelderthal 
 leads over the Spranser Joch, and 
 down the Sprauserthal to Meran. 
 It is a laborious day’s work, but' 
 there are several picturesque little 
 lakes in the Sprauserthal. 
 
 {Another glacier route from Ob. 
 Gurgl takes the W. side of the 
 lake, and ascends to the Tisch- 
 stein, 2 hrs., where the Saturday 
 service was held. Tlience up the 
 Gt. Oetzthaler glacier, 3 hrs,, 
 to the Gurgler Joch on the E. 
 side of the Ealscbung Spitze, 
 whence it descends into the 
 P-fossenthcd, which leads into 
 the Schnalserthal at Karthaus. 
 See B, Fenderthal route.) 
 
 The Bamol Joch, from Ob. 
 Gm-gl to Fend, offers a very 
 Excursion. It displays magnifi¬ 
 cently the whole glacier scenery 
 of the Oetzthal, 8 to 10 hrs., 2 
 guides, ropes, &c. Ascend from 
 Ob. Gurgi to the Langthaler 
 Eis See, then cross the glacier W., 
 and climb the slope beyond to 
 the Kopfle, whence is a very fine 
 view over the Langthaler and 
 Oetzthaler glaciers. From this 
 climb the Joch and descend the 
 glacier on the other side (with a 
 
 grand view) into the Mederthal 
 a little above Fend.] 
 
 From Zwieselstein to the Tim- 
 hler Joch the path, after turning 
 out of the Gurgl Thai, crosses to 
 the 1 . bank of the Timbler Bach, 
 by which it ascends till, after 
 crossing it again and following 
 its course some distance further, 
 it bears away to the 1., and for 
 the last hr. over steep bare rock, 
 reaches the 
 
 Cop (about 7 m. from Zwiesel- 5 
 stein); scenery not worth much. 
 
 ra. 
 
 Descent is at first very steep 
 down a short lateral valley, the 
 Moosthal, to that of the Passeyr, 
 the first hamlet in which is 
 
 
 Schonau {Inn, a wretched 
 hovel). In a miserable chalet 
 close to the glaciers of the Schnee- 
 berg, E., the wife and son of 
 Hofer took refuge after his arrest. 
 The view down the valley fine. 
 
 Rubenstein is the next village, 
 and below it is a cluster of 
 houses—■ 
 
 Seehause, where is a humble 
 Inn. The name marks the bed 
 of a dried-up lake, the Kammer- 
 see, formed in 1404 by a “ Berg- 
 fall,” and the bursting of which 
 at end of last oenty. laid waste 
 the country as far as Meran. 
 TJie paf/j, often in the torrent- 
 bed, which is curiously strewed 
 witli large blocks of white marble 
 derived from the Schneeberg, and 
 through most picturesque but 
 wild scenery, reaches 
 
 Moos (small Inn). 
 
 (Time from hence the reverse way:— 
 Moos to Seehaus, li hr. ; Eubeustein, 45 
 
Bie. 215 .—T/ie OETZTHAL and PITZTIIAL. 
 
 198 
 
 
 197 
 
 min,; Schiinau, 30 min.; Col, 2i hrs.; to 
 Zwieselstein, il hr.) 
 
 Here the Pfeldertlial enters 
 from W., and the valley bends E.; 
 a very picturesque walk to 
 
 Gm. St. Leonhard {Inn, tolerable). 
 Hence it is about a 4 hrs. walk 
 to 
 
 12 m. Meran. For the Passeyr Thai 
 see Kte. 216. 
 
 B. The Fender Thai, and hy the 
 Hoch Jocli or the Nieder Joch 
 to Meran. 
 
 The Fender Thai, about 16 in. 
 long, is the western branch of the 
 Oetzthal. Enclosing the most 
 sublime scenery, it will amply 
 reward the alpine explorer. The 
 grand glacier route by which it 
 can be reached from Ob. Gurgl 
 over the Kamol Joch has been 
 described above. 
 
 Starting from Zwieselstein. a 
 tolerable footpath goes by Gais- 
 lach, Freustabl, Heiligenkreutz 
 2 hrs., and Winterstall ^ hr., 
 where the background of snowy 
 mtns. becomes very fine. Hence 
 2 hrs. more bring the traveller to 
 
 11 m. Fend {Inn, the Cure’s house, 
 now furnishing 18 beds, and 
 good provisions). This vill. 
 (6272 ft.) is the oldest place in 
 the valley. In front is the Thal- 
 leit Spitze (11,170 ft.), and the 
 valley again divides, branching 
 up on either side of it. Et. is the 
 Rofen Thai, leading to the Hoch 
 Joch ; 1 . is the Nieder Thai, lead¬ 
 ing to the Nieder Joch ; both are 
 passes over the main chain by 
 which Meran can be reached. 
 
 Arrived now at the head of the 
 Oetzthal, it may be convenient 
 briefly to describe the two other 
 valleys penetrating from the N. 
 to the Oetzthal group of mtns. 
 These are the Pitzthal and the 
 Kaunsthal. 
 
 [The Pitzthal can be reached 
 from Fend by a very fine pass 
 over the Seiter Joehl, 9850 ft. 
 
 A little below Fend strike up 
 the mtn. to the N. by a sloping 
 path. It leads in 2 hrs. to the 
 Mufboden, where is a nolle view, 
 including the entire Stubay group 
 E., as well as the snowy masses 
 at head of the Fender Thai, where 
 the 2 passes, Nieder Joch and 
 Hoch Joch, are finely displayed. 
 Beyond this the path is over 
 stony debris to the Tiefenthal 
 Ferner, which is ascended to the 
 Col, N. of the Schwarze Schneide, 
 bo-tween the Fenderthal and the 
 Pitzthal. Here is a wonderful 
 view of glaciers descending to¬ 
 wards N.E. and N.W.; also the 
 Weiss Kogel and Wild Spitze, 
 finely seen on the 1 . Descent is 
 by slopes of debris to the ice-fall 
 of the Mittelherg glacier, by side 
 of which is a steep track, difficult 
 to find, leading to the lower 
 glacier, which is then easy walk¬ 
 ing to Mittelherg at its foot, 
 9 hrs. from Fend (Plangeros is i 
 hr. further). Eope necessary, but 
 no special danger; first crossed in 
 1863. Guides, Benedikt Klotz 
 of Fend, and in the Pitzthal a 
 hunter known to the Cure of 
 Plangeros. A return route may 
 be made into the Oetztiial from 
 Plangeros to Solden by the Pitz¬ 
 thal Joch, 8 hrs., but it is inferior 
 in scenery. Height and difficulty 
 about the same. 
 
 The Pitzthal is a straight nar- 
 now valley, bounded by snowy 
 
 II 2 
 
199 
 
 Itte, 215 .—T/iC OETZTHAL and KAUNSTIIAL. 
 
 200 
 
 mtns. on E. and W., whicli se¬ 
 parate it respectively from tlie 
 Oetzthal E. and Kaunstlial 
 W., with which it is in commu¬ 
 nication by several passes. The 
 Wild Spitze overlooks the upper 
 end of the valley, which bends to 
 the S.W,, and takes the name of 
 the Tascliachthal, offering a rte. by 
 which an ascent of the Wild Sp. 
 can be made, or, by the Oelgrubcn 
 Jock, an easy pass effected into 
 the Kaunstlial. From Trenhwald, 
 the next village down the valley, 
 there are paths respectively to 
 Huben in the Oetzthal E. and to 
 Feuchten in tlie Kaunstlial W. 
 At St. Leonhard (3 hrs. from 
 Plangeros and yi from Imst) is 
 a fine fall near the parsonage, be¬ 
 yond which is a striking pass into 
 the Kaunstlial. Zaunhorf lower 
 down, is connected with the Oetz¬ 
 thal by the pass of the Lairscher 
 Joch leading to Umhausen. 
 Below this the valley bends 
 rather to the W.; the path crosses 
 and recrosses the stream, passes 
 through Bitzenreid and under 
 Jerzens rt., noted for a waterfall, 
 and one of the principal villages 
 in the Vordergiund or lower 
 Pitzthal ; the Pitzthal proiier 
 ending here in tlie gorge through 
 which the path runs. Wenns 
 (good Inn) is on the W. side of 
 the now broader valley, which 
 sends off an arm towards the S.W. 
 called the Pillerherg, by which is 
 a pleasant path into the valley of 
 the Inn, near Prutz. The Venethei’g 
 (8 23 3 ft.) is here the culminating 
 jicak to the W., separating the Pitz¬ 
 thal from that part of the Inn Val¬ 
 ley between Landeck and Imst. 
 The Pitzbach now runs in a deep 
 bed, and the path keeps on the 
 W. side of the valley to Arzl, 
 whence it diverges W. and de¬ 
 scends to a bridge over the Inn, 
 
 which leads to the post-rd. a 
 little below Imst. The Pitzbach 
 bends N.W., and joins the Inn 
 rather more to the E.] 
 
 [The Kaunsthal is the western¬ 
 most of the 3 valleys ; it descends 
 from the .snowy range in a straight 
 course N. till near its exit, when 
 it makes a bend W. and enters the 
 Inn Valley near Prutz, 8 m. above 
 Landeck; length about 20 m. 
 The 3 highest mtns. are the 
 Glockenthurm, 10,996 ft., on the 
 W. ridge; the Blickspitze, 11,046 
 ft., nearly opposite on the E. 
 ridge; and the Weissee Sp., 
 11,700, at the S. extremity. 
 
 From P 7 -utz cross the stream 
 (the Faggenbach), and ascend the 
 hill of debris to Kaims, ^ hr. (a 
 track leads hence in 5 hrs. over 
 the Piller Joch to Wenns in the 
 Pitzthal). The castle of Berneck 
 is passed, and presently tlie entire 
 valley opens to view with a toler¬ 
 ably level surface, the former 
 bed of a lake. Kaltenhrunn, i ^ 
 hr. (4065 ft.), is the next vill. 
 (Imi by the ch.). Image of the 
 Virgin of 13th cent. (Path over 
 the Kaltenhnmn Alp, with fine 
 view, and by the Peischelkogl on 
 the N. to St. Leonhard in the 
 Pitzthal. The innkeeper a guide.) 
 The path continues on rt. bank 
 of stream, and skirts the former 
 bed of the lake, numerous gullies, 
 the tracks of avalanches breaking 
 down on either side, and fre¬ 
 quently stretching their debris 
 across the valley. At Feuchten, 1 1 
 hr. (4174 ft.), the Gsollbach in 
 9 succes.sive falls descends 1375 
 ft., and a little beyond the vill. 
 is the Brunigbach fall, 423 ft. 
 (A laborious climb to a col be¬ 
 tween Sonnen Kogl N. and the 
 Schwabenkogl S. leads in 6 hrs. 
 
201 
 
 Rte. 215.—ne OETZTHAL. 
 
 202 
 
 to Trenkwald iu the Pitzthal. 
 Vill. supplies 2 good guides, who 
 may be inquired for from the 
 priest.) See, 2 lirs. (4988 ft.), is 
 the last vill. indicating the end 
 of the old lake. Johann Auer, 
 the best guide of the valley, 
 lives here. In 1862 the idace 
 Avas devastated by mud from 
 bursting of a lake above. The 
 peak of the Glockenthurm (Jbell- 
 tower) is now seen S.W. The 
 valley now rises rapidly to the 
 Gebatsch or Oelgruhen A Ip, 2 hrs., 
 6224 ft. This belongs to Prntz. 
 Snow falls at any time, and the 
 gigantic Gebatsch Glacier here de¬ 
 scends into the valley. 
 
 (Hence by the Gepmatsch Jock 
 is a track over to Kofen in the 
 Fcnderthal, not difficult.) 
 
 (To the Pitzthal also there is 
 an easy glacier pass. The track, 
 starting from the Gebatsch Alp, 
 leads direct to the glacier of the 
 Hintere Oelgruben Sp., then over 
 the Joch, of tliat name (9851 ft.), 
 and doAvn through the Taschach- 
 tlial to Mittelberg in the Pitz¬ 
 thal.) 
 
 A very interesting glacier pass 
 leads W., by which the traveller 
 can reach, down the Langtau- 
 fererthal, the Meran post-road 
 near the Reschen See (Ete. 213). 
 J'his affords magnificent glacier 
 views. Path takes a S.W. direc¬ 
 tion from the foot of the Ge¬ 
 batsch Glacier over the Alp, and 
 then divides into 2 branches, (a) 
 One branch bearing at first 1 ., 
 and then resuming the old direc¬ 
 tion, ascends to the Weiss See 
 Joc/i( 965 6 ft),and thence descends 
 the Malagthal to the alp of that 
 name in the Langtaufererthal, 
 6 hrs. ( 5 ) The other branch 
 ascends the Biffler glacier, de¬ 
 scending from the S. side of the 
 Glockenthurm, and at a height 
 
 of 8835 ft. turns sharp to S. to 
 descend into the Malagthal, leav¬ 
 ing the Caplerschweinen See to 
 the rt. 
 
 The Rofen Thai and Iloch Joch. 
 
 The priest of Fend has lately 
 so far improved this pass as to 
 render it practicable for mules. 
 Tt^ is now more easy than the 
 Nieder Joch. 
 
 Onward from Fend, and taking 
 the rt. hand branch of the valley, 
 at a short distance is 
 
 The Eofen or Rofner Hof. 2 
 This consists of two buildings of 
 considerable solidity, occupying 
 the highest meadow-land on the 
 verge of the snow-line; above it 
 is an utter Avilderness. Here 
 Frederick of the Empty Pocket, 
 under ban of the Empire, and 
 escaped from Constance, found 
 an asylum, for Avhich reason 
 they possessed for long after the 
 privilege of sanctuary for crimi¬ 
 nals, and even noAV are tax free. 
 
 [From Eofen a path leads W. 
 in about 20 min. to two hay 
 chalets, and beyond them turns 
 abruptly rt., crosses a ravine Avith 
 a small stream, and steeply Avind- 
 ing ascends the mountain (take 
 care to avoid a path from the 2 
 chalets along the side of the 
 Oetzbach). In i-g hr. from 
 chalets a point is reached on a 
 shoulder of the Plattei Kogel, 
 from Avhicli there is an extensive 
 and magnificent view of glaciers 
 and snoAAy peaks. From the 
 summit itself (probably a difficult 
 climb) the view must be most 
 striking since the highest mtns. 
 of the Oetzthal group are ranged 
 round this portion of the Fender 
 
203 
 
 Bte. 215.—m OETZTHAL. 
 
 204 
 
 Thai. Tho Wild Spitze, 12,389 
 ft., the loftiest of them all, stands 
 to the N.W., impending over the 
 village of Fend. The Procli 
 Kogel and Plattei K. come next, 
 and the Weiss Kugel and Weissee 
 Spitze still further to the S.W. 
 Others too numerous to name 
 circle round the head of the liofcn 
 Thai, ending in the noble Thalleit 
 Spitze.] 
 
 Ascent of the Wild Spitze, first 
 made by Herr Spec lit, was accom¬ 
 plished in 1865 from Rofen by 
 Mr. Tuckett and party, who re¬ 
 commend future comers to go 
 right U]^ the liofenlcar Kees and 
 strike the Saitel (between the 
 Wild Spitze N. and Urkund S.) 
 at its head, whence it is i hr. to 
 tho summit, and the whole need 
 not take more than 5 or 6 hrs. 
 From the Sattel, between the 
 Wild Sp. W. and Weiss or Fen¬ 
 der Kugel E., they afterwards 
 descended by the E. arm of tho 
 great Mittelberger glacier (some¬ 
 what difficult) to Mittelberg in 
 the Pitzthah] 
 
 [^Ascent uf the Weiss Kugel, 
 12,280 ft. (a mtn. not to be 
 confounded with that just men¬ 
 tioned), the second in height 
 of the Oetzthal mtns., and “ com¬ 
 manding the finest and most 
 beautiful view in Tyrol,” was 
 effected by the same party, who 
 took the S. arm of the llinle- 
 reis glacier; ascended W. to tho 
 Langlauferer Joch, 10,335 ft.; 
 climbed thence tho Langlauferer 
 Spitz, 11,600 ft.; descended S. to 
 tho head of the Hintereis glacier; 
 reached thence tho Sattel” be¬ 
 tween the Quell Spitz and the 
 Weiss Kugel at S.E. foot of the 
 latter; and gained its summit in 
 I hr. more (a few steps to be cut 
 near final ridge, otherwise 110 
 difficulty). They descended from 
 
 the . Sattel into the head of tho 
 Matscherthal, and followed it 
 to Schluderns in tho Vintschgau 
 (Rte. 213); total 15^ hrs. But 
 the ascent of the Weiss Kugel 
 need not include that of tho 
 Langtauferer Sp., &c.] 
 
 From Eofen the route to tho 
 Iloch Joch keeps on the slope 
 above tlie 1. bank of the stream 
 (another path, perhaps preferable, ,( 
 
 pursues the rt. bank), to the foot ( 
 
 of tho / 
 
 $ 
 
 Obsr Vernagt Ferner.’ This 1 hr. 
 is one of several glaciers walling 
 in the valley, and which are but j- 
 
 branches of one vast tract of j) 
 
 perpetual ice, the largest in I 
 
 Tyrol. In 1600 the Vernagt | 
 
 Ferner, suddenly stretching across I 
 
 the valley, formed a lake, which, 1 
 
 like that at the head of tho j 
 
 Gurglthal, periodically burst, § 
 
 but with far more desolating re- | 
 
 suits. It disappeared in 1771, 
 but may at any time collect ^ 
 
 again. Crossing this glacier, and f 
 
 traversing a slope of “ geroll,” tho 
 track reaches tho f 
 
 Hintereis Ferner, which itl hr. 
 also crosses and makes direct for 
 the foot of the 
 
 Hoch Joch Glacier, A steep 1 hr. 
 climb (f hr.) places tho traveller 
 upon it, and then a not difficult ' ' 
 walk along its W. side brings to 
 tho 
 
 Summit of the col (4965 ft.),2 hrs. 
 extremely grand view. 
 
 Descent is rather difficult down 
 the Kurzenberg to 
 
 _ Kurzras (milk, cofiee, and 1 hr. 
 wine to bo had at the fii’st cot- 
 
K{^ 
 
 205 
 
 Bte. 215.—The OETZTHAL. 
 
 20G 
 
 tage). A pleasant path thence 
 through meadows and woods 
 leads to 
 
 l^hr. Ober Vernagt in the Schnal- 
 serthal. Here the route over 
 the Nieder Joch conies in. 
 
 The next village is 
 
 hr. Unsre Frau (inn, Beim Unter- 
 wirth, small, but tolerable sleep¬ 
 ing quarters). For descent of the 
 valley to Naturns see below. 
 
 From Fend to Unsre Frau by Hoch 
 Joch it is reckoned 8 to 9 hrs.; good 
 guides can be found at Rofen and Fend. 
 Though I hr. longer than the ISieder 
 Joch, it is to be preferred for its fine 
 views. 
 
 The Nieder Joch. 
 
 This pass, like the Hoch Joch, 
 is not difldcult, but requires a 
 guide in case of fog or snow¬ 
 storm ; mules, however, cannot 
 yet descend from the Joch into 
 the Schnalserthal. It otters in 
 scenery every grand feature that 
 belongs to the High Alps. 
 
 From Fend the route takes the 
 S. branch of the Fender Thai 
 called the Niederthal. An ill- 
 marked track leads on W. side 
 of the stream parallel to it, but 
 gradually rising till it passes the 
 end of the 
 
 2 hrs. Murzol Glacier on the 1 ., and 
 presently reaches the 
 
 2 hr. Highest pastures at foot of 
 the furthest glacier. Here a heap 
 of stones is the usual resting- 
 jJace. Thence keep along the 
 W. side till the slope becomes 
 less steep, and then steer for the 
 slight line of gi-avel which runs 
 along the centre of the glacier. 
 
 [To the 1 . the glacier will be 
 seen rising with an almost un¬ 
 broken surface towards a flattened 
 pyramid, which is in fact the 
 Similau 7 iSpitze (i 1,823ft.). Ascent 
 presents no considerable ditfi- 
 culty, and can be accomplished 
 along with the passage of the 
 Col: on summit, grand view from 
 Mt. Blanc to the Gross GlocknerJ. 
 
 There are many wooden crosses 
 serving for guide-posts on the 
 heaps of stones which cover the 
 glacier, but one seen at some 
 distance W. marks only the scene 
 of an accident, and must not 
 deceive the traveller, who must 
 direct his course due S. towards 
 the lowest apparent point (in 
 July crevasses and much un¬ 
 melted snow). At the 
 
 Col the glacier suddenly 2 hrs. 
 ceases, and precq^itous rocks fall 
 many thousand feet into a wild 
 alpine valley; the 
 
 Descent is pointed out by a 
 small wooden cross down a steep 
 slightly indicated path, sometimes 
 assisted by a groove cut in the 
 rock. It bears rather to the rt. 
 to reach a steep 
 
 Slope of debris, which lands 
 the traveller in the 
 
 Tissenthal, a wild lateral glen 
 of the 
 
 Schnalserthal, which is en¬ 
 tered at 
 
 Ober Vernagt, 2 m. above the 
 village of 
 
 Unsre Frau (2 Tins: Beimshrs. 
 Unterwirth, small, tolerable sleep¬ 
 ing quarters), vill. named from a 
 miraculous image of the Virgin. 
 
The scenery here is very striking. 
 [Mastaunerthal opens S.W. with 
 a cascade in its stream.] The 
 l)ath takes to the mtn. slope above 
 the stream on the 1. bank, and 
 crosses it to 
 
 3 hr. Karthaus {Inn), standing on a 
 high promontory. A Carthusian 
 monastery here, founded in 1326, 
 was suppressed in 1782. 
 
 [Oj^posite Karthaus opens the 
 Pfossenthal, winding upwards to 
 the base of the snowy chain, 
 much exjDosed to avalanches. One 
 branch ascends to the glaciers of 
 the Similaun Spitze; another ex¬ 
 tends eastward till it reaches the 
 S. side of the great Oetzthal Fer- 
 ner, where a pass may be made 
 to Oher Gurgl (see above). From 
 this j3oint also a pass between 
 the Hoch Wild Spitze N. and 
 the llocli Weiss Spitze S. leads 
 E. into the Pfelderthal, and so 
 into the Passeyrthal.J 
 
 _ Through a thickly wooded ra¬ 
 vine the path descends to 
 
 1 hr. Eatteis (Inn), and finally as¬ 
 cends the shoulder of hill W., 
 with a backward view of the 
 Similaun Spitze, to 
 
 \ hr. Jufahl, where are tlie ruins of 
 a castle, and a fine view of the 
 Schnalserthal behind, of Naturns 
 in the great valley of the Adige 
 immediately below, and of the 
 Orteler Spitze beyond. 
 
 • fThe Schnalser Bach rushes 
 furiously between bare precipitous 
 rocks, and issues through a 
 gloomy gorge into the Adige 
 valley. The shortest way from 
 Eatteis to Naturns is through 
 this gorge by a track termed from 
 its danger the “Forbidden Path.”] 
 From Jufahl a steep jiath de¬ 
 
 scends the slope under trellis-work 
 into the valley of the Adige, here 
 called the Vintschgau, joining 
 the rd. at 
 
 Staaben (fair Inn, and char to 
 be had), about i m. above 
 
 Naturns (Jan, Post). Here 1 hr. 
 a one-horse car (2 fl.) may bo 
 obtained to Meran, or, failing this, 
 at Eabland, if hr. walk further. 
 There are also daily stellwagen. 
 
 Meran (see Ete. 213). 
 
 91 m. 
 
 Rte. 215 A.— The STUBAY 
 THAI. INNSBKUCK to the 
 OETZTHAL. 
 
 EKG. M. HKS, 
 
 . 18 
 
 . 12 01 ’ 
 
 • — 12 
 
 INNSBRUCK to 
 Neustift in Stubay Thai 
 Mutterberger Alp 
 Leugenfeld in Oetzthal 
 
 This district is -within easj^ distance of 
 Innsbiuck, and has good roads up to the 
 heads of its valleys. 'I’he mountain- 
 paths are also generally good. Several 
 public conveyances daily to Scheinberg at 
 entrance of the Stubay Thai. 
 
 The mountains of the Stuhay, 
 though inferior to those of either 
 the Oetzthal or the Ziller Thai 
 in extent and variety, are well 
 worth exploring. They are ap¬ 
 proached by 3 principal valleys 
 trom the N.E.—the Selrain Thai, 
 opening in the Inn Thai near 
 Innsbruck; the Stuhay Thai, en- 
 
209 
 
 Bte. 215 A.—The STUB AY TlIAL. 
 
 210 
 
 terecl from the Brenner rd. at 
 Scliouberg ; and the Gschnitz 
 Thai, from Steinach, a little fur¬ 
 ther, on the same road. Steep 
 mountain ranges separate these 
 valleys from each other, and they 
 converge towards an extensive 
 mass of snoAV and glacier, with 
 several lofty summits, of whicli, 
 taking them from S. to N., tlie 
 principal are the SonJdar Spitze 
 (11,410 ft.), the 3 peaks (11,512, 
 ir,493, and 11,376 ft.) of the 
 Wilder Pfaff, the Euederhof Sp. 
 ^r,393 ft.), and, in a somewhat 
 detached mass to the N., the 
 SchranJcogel (1 1 ‘, 4 75 ft-)- Beyond 
 these, to the W., lies tlie Oetz- 
 tlial, with which several passes 
 communicate. Variety of scenery 
 is produced in the lower portions 
 hy the intermingling of moun¬ 
 tains of limestone and dolomite 
 with the otherwise universal 
 gneiss and mica clay-slate. 
 
 The inhabitants of the lower 
 Stubay Thai are principally en¬ 
 gaged as workers in iron and 
 steel. They are also large fat- 
 teners of cattle, which they sell 
 into S. Tyrol, and tliey afford 
 Innsbruck its cJiief supply of 
 fowls and eggs. 
 
 From Innsbruck the Brenner 
 I'd. is taken as far as 
 
 8 m. tlie Bridge, Stefansbriicke, 
 a single arch of 143 ft. span, 
 over the Stubay stream,—the 
 Butzhach, —whence is a view up 
 the valley closed by snow moun¬ 
 tains. (The traveller may con¬ 
 tinue on the Brenner rd. as far 
 as the Schonberg post-house, be¬ 
 fore turning off, but the pedes¬ 
 trian will prefer the present route.) 
 Tlie footpath follows the old road 
 on rt. (S.) bank of the stream. 
 
 mounting steeply up the W. slope 
 of the Schonberg to vill, of 
 
 Ober Schonberg, 3267 ft. From 2 
 the Pin there is a fine view up 
 the valley, and N,, over tlie en¬ 
 tire range of mts. behind Inns¬ 
 bruck. Descending to the level 
 of the valley, the next vill. is 
 
 Mieders {Inn: Zur Weinl 
 Traube, large and good). (Tlie 
 Wald Bast, 5655 ft., S., is much 
 frequented during summer by 
 parties from Innsbruck. 2 hrs. 
 ascent; noble view. Upon it are 
 remains of a pilgrimage ch. sup¬ 
 pressed by Joseph 11. Beyond 
 it, S.W., is the Waldraster or 
 Series Spitze, 8910 ft., ascended 
 fi;om Gleins in 3 hrs. without 
 difficulty.) The stream is crossed 
 to 
 
 Telfes, a vill. under the Nock, 1 
 or Saile Spitze, before reaching 
 
 Fulpmes {Inn: Lutz Wirth). 2 
 A fine ch., with 4 pictures by 
 Mosl, a peasant-girl. A great 
 deal of smith’s work is done here. 
 The Schlickbach, frequently very 
 destructive, was especially so in 
 1807, when io,oocZ. worth of 
 damage was done. [A path up 
 the ScJdicJc Thai, N. (in which 
 are most of the iron-mines for¬ 
 merly worked), leads over the 
 Ilalsl in 5 hrs., by the side of the 
 Nock Spitze, to Axams, in the 
 Sclrain Thai, and by this a pe¬ 
 destrian may return to Inus- 
 bruck.] 
 
 The Stubay Valley now be¬ 
 comes narrower. The villages of 
 Medraz and Neders are seen on 
 the opposite side, S. 
 
 [Neders stands at the mouth of 
 the Pinneser Thai, larely ex¬ 
 plored, but through which the 
 
211 
 
 Rte. 215 A.-T/ie STUB AY TEAL. 
 
 212 
 
 ascent of tlie Hager, or Habiclit 
 Spitze, 10,746 ft., is made, re¬ 
 ported difficult, but offering a 
 grand panorama. (The best guide 
 is Georg Pittracher, of Gschnitz, 
 on the S. side.) The path goes 
 by Issenanger to the chalets of 
 the Pinneser Alp, 2 hrs., where a 
 view of the Habicht Spitze is 
 obtained, and night quarters can 
 be had. i J lir. brings to the Pin- 
 neser Jocli, 7736 ft. Then along 
 the ridge rt., hr. to the Speik- 
 grathuhe, close to the glacier. 
 Thence to the summit, 2 hrs. 
 The Habicht Spitze is of mica 
 clay-slate, but the peaks running 
 up to it on the 1 . side of the Pin¬ 
 neser Thai are of limestone and 
 dolomite, and in some features 
 recal the scenery of the Fassa 
 Thai.] 
 
 4m. Neustift, 3221 ft. {Inn: beim 
 Salzberger, moderate), principal 
 place and last vill. of the valley, 
 which has its greatest breadth at 
 this point. Houses are scattered. 
 Ch. is much adorned with pic¬ 
 tures and wood-carving. (The 
 Holie Burgstall, 8562 ft., a dolo¬ 
 mite peak, N., is a very fine point 
 of view : 4 hrs. ascent. The 
 best way is by Barenbad, and 
 back direct to Neustift.) 
 
 Here the valley forks. 
 
 [The branch to the rt. is the 
 Oberberg Thai. After passing 
 Milders, among fertile fields at its 
 entrance, this valley bends for a 
 while N. under the Hohe Burg¬ 
 stall, and Barenhad, a rustic bath¬ 
 house on the 1. bank, is passed, 
 after which the valley becomes 
 wild and solitary, sweeping round 
 towards S.W., and the great 
 snowy mass, of which the Schran- 
 
 kogel is the highest peak, and 
 the Alpeiner Ferner, the largest 
 glacier, becomes visible. The 
 valley rises steeply; some small 
 hamlets are passed, Wohlauf, 
 Jager, and Haasen; then the 
 chalets of Seduk. The slope on 
 the 1. must now be taken, and 
 some way further the Alpine 
 basin of Oheriss, 3 hrs. from Neu¬ 
 stift, is reached. To the N. of 
 this amj)hitheatro is the Viller 
 Spitze ; further AV. is the Kaiser 
 Kopfe; and the Alpeiner Ferner 
 fills the end of the valley, on the 
 S. of which are the heavy masses 
 of snow and glacier descending 
 from the line of summits, behind 
 which is the Schrankogel. 
 
 The chalets of the Ober-Iss Alp afford 
 good accommodation and decent fare. 
 
 I hr. beyond Oberiss is the 
 Alpeiner Alp, where 3 persons at 
 least may find hay sufficient for 
 night-quarters. A little further, 
 the alp is shut in by a cliff of 
 moderate height, surmounted by 
 a winding path leading, in another 
 I hr., to the highest basin of the 
 valley,—the Alpeinertlial ,—across 
 which a third ^ hr. brings the 
 traveller to the foot of the Al¬ 
 peiner glacier, 7307 ft. Near this 
 is a fine waterfall. A track as¬ 
 cends the glacier to the Schioar- 
 zenberg Joch, 10,095 ft., at its 
 S.AV. corner; erosses the ridge N. 
 of the Schwarzerberg; and de¬ 
 scends the glacier of that name 
 on the other side into the Sulz 
 Thai, which issues at Lengenfeld, 
 into the Oetzthal (Kte. 215); 
 both glaciers, however, are said 
 to be very difficult, and the pass 
 is rarely used. The Schrankogel, 
 11,475 ft., is a grand object in 
 near view from the summit of 
 the pass, and by no means diffi¬ 
 cult of access. 
 
213 
 
 me. 215 A.—The STUB A Y THAL. 
 
 214 
 
 From Oberiss there is a wind¬ 
 ing path over the Lisenzer Joch, 
 N., by which the traveller can 
 rctui-n to. Innsbruck down the 
 
 Selrain Thai. 
 
 It is 3 to 4 hrs. to a stony Col, 
 9190 ft-, between the Viller 
 S} 3 itzo rt., and the Horn Sjutze 
 1 . (fine view thence of the Ziller 
 Thai group). (Guide necessary.) 
 The descent is to the Lisenzer 
 Alj), 5312 ft., upon which is the 
 fine Alpenhaus belonging to the 
 monks of Wilten, where tra¬ 
 vellers are entertained. (From 
 the head of the Lisenzer Thai, 
 which here turns W., is a glacier 
 pass into tlie Oetzthal at Len- 
 genfeld.) Descending the Lisenz, 
 or Lisnitzer Thai, the Magdalena- 
 hruncll, so named from a statue 
 of the saint on a column, is 
 reached. Beyond this is vill. of 
 Praxemar, high on the 1. slope, 
 with Baths and a good Inn ; and 
 at Gries (clean Inn), 2 hrs. from 
 the Alpenhaus, the valley enters 
 the Selrain Thai, running E. and 
 W. 
 
 (The upper portion to the W. 
 is called the Gries Thai, hr. 
 up it is St. Sigismund —Inn but 
 moderate—where the Gleirsch 
 Thai opens S. with a path lead¬ 
 ing to a Joch of same name, and 
 to Umhausen, on the Oetzthal. 
 Ascending the Gries Thai, and 
 crossing a low col, Kiilielay, in 
 the Stuiben Thai, is reached, 
 where an ancient hunting-lodge 
 of the Wolkensteins, now occu¬ 
 pied by shepherds, sui^plies en¬ 
 tertainment. Scenery here is 
 picturesque. The Stuiben Thai 
 enters the Oetzthal near its junc¬ 
 tion with the valley of the Inn.) 
 
 Near Gries is the best point 
 for a general view of the Sel¬ 
 rain district—the summit of the 
 
 Freihut, 8580ft.; guide maybe 
 heard of from the priest. Selrain 
 is hr. below Gries (Inn, to¬ 
 lerable, but good trout and wine; 
 it is near new ch. of St. Anna). A 
 fine view from Ch. of St. Quirinus. 
 (The Fatscherthal here enters 
 from tlie S., and a path leads in 
 5 hrs. to the Viller Spitze at its 
 head, over the snows of which is 
 a way into the Stubaythal at 
 Neustift.) 
 
 Instead of following the Sel¬ 
 rain valley to its junction with 
 that of the Inn, near Zirl, the 
 traveller for Innsbruck keeps to 
 the rt., by Axams (where Anich, 
 a singular local genius, astrono¬ 
 mer and geographer, lived) and 
 Gotzens. Or, he may go to Kem- 
 atcn and drive thence,] 
 
 From Neustift, in the Sluha]) 
 
 Thai, crossing the stream, and 
 following the main valley S.W. 
 
 (the Unterherg), several vills. are 
 passed to 
 
 Volderau (Inn, kept by an 5 m. 
 obliging landlady, Nothburga 
 Hofer). The Urfall, a fine cas¬ 
 cade of the Staubbach sort, is in 
 the neighbourhood, and the fine 
 peak of the Habicht Spitze is 
 directly S. 
 
 From this point the singular 
 circular basin of the Sulzen An, 
 with its cascades, begins to be 
 seen at the head of the valley. 
 
 After passing Falbeson the hamlet 
 of 
 
 Ranalt is reached. Here the 3 J m. 
 Ldngenthal opens S., closed by 
 the glaciers of the Wild Freiger, 
 
 11,253 ft., the Hoch Grindl, and 
 the Feuerstein. 
 
 [A pass leads E. from the head 
 of this valley into the Gschnitz 
 
Bte. 215 K.—The STUB AY TITAL. 
 
 215 
 
 216 
 
 Thai, 5 lirs. long, and the 3;-d of 
 tlie Stubay valleys. It opens at 
 Steinach, on the Brenner road. 
 Path goes by a small tarn to the 
 Col, directly S. of the Innere 
 "Wetter Spitze, then descends, 
 chiefly on the rt. bank of the 
 ' stream, to the Lapones Alp. 
 Thence it is i hr. to Gschnitz, 
 and 2 hrs. more to Steinach.'] 
 
 N. of Ranalt is the Pfandler 
 Alp, from a point above which 
 (the Mannl) is a remarkable view 
 of tlie Snlzenau basin opposite. 
 
 The rd. continues by Schonge- 
 lair and the 
 
 Grata Alp. [Hence the Sul- 
 zenau hasiu, one of the most jm- 
 culiar features of the valley, may 
 be visited. 5 glacier streams 
 throw themselves down the walls 
 of the “cirque” (1000 ft. high), 
 unite in a pool, and at the narrow 
 exit of the basin issue in a fall 
 120 ft. broad and 400 ft. high. 
 Bloclcs of ice arc occasionally 
 precipitated into the pool; one 
 was so large as to occasion an 
 inundation of the valley below.] 
 
 The road ends at the 
 
 4111. Mutterberg Alp. A point 
 well situated for excursions, but 
 the people of the hut do not like 
 travellers remaining. 
 
 [Here the ascent of the Bild- 
 sluckel pass, 10,270 ft., begins. It 
 offers a route to Solden, in the 
 Octzthal. Path turns otf S.W., 
 and passing by the Untere and 
 Obere Fernau, in the Wildgrube, 
 rich in Alpine plants, ascends by 
 rt. side of the Fernau glacier. 
 The Col, reached in 5 hrs. from 
 Mutterberg, lies between the 
 SchaufelSpitze, E., and the Win- 
 nacher, or Hoch Spitze, W. De¬ 
 scent, steej), is by the 'Winnacher 
 glacier, 2| hrs. more of ice, into 
 
 the Winnacher Thai, where the 
 path keeps on the rt. bank of the 
 stream, down to Solden. The 
 many concealed crevasses in the 
 glacier render precaution neces¬ 
 sary. The Rev. G. Watson, 
 crossing this pass with a friend a 
 few years ago, fell into a crevasse 
 and perished. Tlieir guide, 
 jMiiller, of Neustift, was much 
 blamed for want of care ; no rope, 
 &c. 
 
 The Ascent of the Wilder Pfaff, 
 made also from tlie Mutterberg’er 
 Alji and tlie Snlzenau Gl., has no 
 special difficulties. The moraine 
 of the Fernau glacier is ascended 
 from Obere Fernau to the so- 
 called “ Goldschrofen,” and the 
 track continues up the glacier to 
 the ridge between the Schaufel 
 Spitze, rt,, and the Aperer Pfatf, 
 
 I . The route then turns E., 
 coasting along the Aperer Pfaff, 
 then nearly S. up the neve' to* a 
 depression in a second ridge (by 
 which the Winnacherthal may be 
 reached direct from the Cirque 
 of Snlzenau). Another steep 
 climb reveals the Wilder Pfaff, 
 
 II, 493 fb, in near view, i lir. 
 further. 
 
 The Zuclcer lliitl, another point 
 a little beyond, exceeds the Wil¬ 
 der by 17 ft. These summits, 
 with the recently-named Sonldar 
 Spitze, the Wild Freiger, and 
 others stretching E., form the 
 principal snowy mass of the 
 Stubay group. Guide, Urbas 
 Loisl, of Neustift, Time from 
 the Mutterberger Alp to the mo¬ 
 raine, 11 hr,, thence to first ridge 
 35 hrs., and to peak of Wilder 
 Pfaff 2I hrs. 
 
 The Eggesen Grat, 8631 ft., 
 overlooking the Alp, can be 
 easily ascended in 2J hrs,, and 
 ofiers a close view of all the fea¬ 
 tures of the Pfaffen grouin] 
 
217 
 
 Rte. 2\Q.—MERAN to STERZING. 
 
 218 
 
 From the Mutterberger Alp a Lengenfeld J^Inn: fair}. Ete. 1 
 track continues up the valley, 215. 
 
 N.W., to the Mutterberger Jock, 
 
 9892 ft. This pass is the N.W. 
 boundary of the great Pfatfen 
 group, separating it from that of 
 the Schrankogl. It is nowhere 
 dangerous, but very laborious. 
 
 The path ascends S.W. steeidy 
 to the 
 
 Oberleger Alp, then turns W. 
 and coasts along the steep and 
 stony slopes of the HoUthalspitz 
 until the height of 8000 ft. is 
 reached. 
 
 A basin covered with large 
 blocks of gneiss is then crossed, 
 and at its further end a small 
 glacier. (The Mutterberger See, 
 a small lake, lies off the path on 
 the rt.) Further on the steep¬ 
 ness is resumed up to the 
 
 4 hrs. Col, which is itself covered 
 with a glacier. No panorama, 
 but there is a near profile view of 
 the Pfaffen group, and the Ha- 
 bicht ridge beyond is well seen. 
 The first part of the 
 
 Descent is down a sort of 
 chimney,-which opens out upon 
 a mass of geroll composed of the 
 largest blocks, often loosely piled 
 upon one another, and requiring 
 care and patience. 
 
 The Sulzthal glacier is then 
 crossed at a point where it is 
 about I m. wide; this brings to 
 steep grass slopes, by which the 
 valley is gained, and a path to 
 
 7 hrs. Gries, where good shelter 
 may be found at the cure’s 
 (Trientl). The valley enters the 
 Oetzthal at 
 
 Rte. 216.—From MERAN to 
 STERZING, by the PASSEYR 
 THAI and PASS of the JAU- 
 FEN. 
 
 MERAN to 
 
 ENG. M, HRS. 
 
 St. Leonhard.4 
 
 Sterzing.17 6 
 
 A mule-path only, which, however, 
 before the construction of the great post- 
 road by Brixen, was the chief communi¬ 
 cation between the valleys of the Adige 
 and the Inn. 
 
 The scenery of this route is not 
 very striking, but it derives in¬ 
 terest from its leading past the 
 house oiHofer, and near the place 
 of his betrayal. It offers also the 
 directest means of reacliing Inns¬ 
 bruck from Meran. Tlie road 
 quits 
 
 Meran by the Passeyrthor, and 
 skirts the hill-slope on W. side 
 of the Passeyr, tlie low grounds 
 about which are much disfigured 
 by marshes and the rubbish of 
 inundations. Castle of Schbna 
 is seen on height to rt. Above it 
 is tlie very ancient round ch. of 
 St. George. [An alternative and 
 perhaps more interesting path uj) 
 tlie Passeyrthal goes by Ober 
 Mais, Greifenstein, and Schona.] 
 On the 1 . opens the 
 
220 
 
 210 BtG. ^IQ.—MERAN to STEBZING. 
 
 Spranser Thai, where the inhab. 
 of the lower valleys took refuge 
 during the French invasion of 
 1809. After passing through 
 Salthaus (small Inn), a collection 
 of houses formerly holding special 
 privileges from the castle of Tyrol, 
 the first considerable vill. is 
 
 10 m. St. Martin, a short distance 
 beyond which the path crosses 
 the stream at 
 
 1 m. Am Sand {on the heacli). Here 
 is the house of Jlofer, with the 
 sign of the Crown, still a village 
 Inn, as it was when it gave the 
 hero the name of the “Sand 
 Wirth,” or innkeeper on the sand. 
 It is little altered since Hofer’s 
 time, and has been protected 
 from the violent inundations of 
 the Passeyr by works constructed 
 at government expense. His 
 widow remained there after his 
 deatli, and some few relics, 
 amongst them the chain of honour 
 sent him by the Emperor, are 
 still shown. Hofer was a dealer 
 in fiax and cattle, and his exten¬ 
 sive connections in all parts of 
 Tyrol, combined with his sim¬ 
 plicity, honesty, and piety of 
 character, contributed more to 
 his ultimate high position than 
 either military or political quali¬ 
 ties, in neither of which could 
 he compare with other leaders. 
 When the overwhelming numbers 
 of the French rendered further 
 resistance hopeless, Hofer took 
 refuge in a miserable clialet on the 
 Hoch Spitze E., but through tlio 
 high reward upon his head was 
 at last betrayed to the French, 
 who sent 1000 men to efiect his 
 capture. He was taken in irons 
 to Mantua, and there shot by 
 order of Napoleon. 
 
 [Hofefs hut is reached by 
 
 turning up the mtn. on E. side of 
 the valley, about hr. lower down 
 than the Sand Wirthshaus. | hr. 
 through pine wood brings to open 
 meadows, and a cluster of peasant 
 houses, among which is that of 
 the traitor Rofil, who guided the 
 French to Hofer’s retreat. It is 
 still pointed out as “das Haus 
 des Verr either sZ i m. further on 
 is another group of houses, in the 
 principal of which lived Pfandler, 
 Hofer’s friend, who first gave him 
 refuge under his roof, and after¬ 
 wards supplied liim with food in 
 his last hiding-place. | hr. of 
 steep ascent through wood ends 
 upon an Alpinemeado\i},ouyf[\\c\\ 
 to 1 . are 2 log huts. Higher still 
 to rt. are 2 others, and in the 
 longer one, then as now a stable 
 for cattle during their summer 
 migration, Hofer lay concealed 
 from Nov. 24, 1809, till Jan. 24, 
 1810, enduring the severity and 
 solitude of winter. 
 
 The viev) is magnificent from 
 this S23ot over the Passeyr Thai, 
 into which the traveller bound S. 
 may descend at St. Martin’s, 
 hr., or, crossing the ridge behind, 
 to 1. of the Riffel Spitze, reach in 
 I hr. Fahrkleis in the Sarn Thai; 
 in 4 hrs. more iSarnthein, its prin¬ 
 cipal village, and thence arrive 
 at Botzen. For this very pio- 
 tm-esque route see 216 a.] 
 
 From Am Sand it is but ^ hr. 
 walk to 
 
 St. Leonhard {Inn: Strdbels, 1 
 tolerable, kept by a son of 
 an old friend of Hofer’s). This, 
 the principal place of the 
 valley, stands amidst rich well- 
 watered pastures adorned with 
 walnut and chestnut trees, and 
 with fine views of the mtns. Ch. 
 belonged to the Teutonic order 
 
221 Rte. 216 a.~BOTZEN to 8 TERZING hy the SARNTIIAL. 222 
 
 of Knights (see old pictures in 
 Strobel’s inn). Close by is 
 
 The Castle of Jaufenherg, with 
 fine view down the valley. 
 
 The valley now divides into two 
 branches. 
 
 [That to the W., a little above 
 St. Leonhard, is the main trunk, 
 and at 2 hrs. distance is Moos; 
 there the valley divides again, 
 that to rt. leading to the Timhler 
 Joch, and so into the Oetzihal, 
 readied at Solden, 7 hrs. from 
 Moos (see Ete. 215). It is wortli 
 the excursion to go only to Moos 
 by rt. bank of stream, and back 
 again by the 1. bank; make for 
 Flatt, finely situated, 2 hrs.; de¬ 
 scend to and cross river to Moos, 
 and you will regain St. Leonhard 
 in 2^ hrs. more; scenery most 
 wild and pictm’esque.J 
 
 Our route turns E. along the 
 N. side of the 
 
 Walten Thai, and after 3 hrs. 
 of steep ascent over pasture tmms 
 N.over the 
 
 Jaufen Pass {Mons Jovis of the 
 Romans), 6699 ft., the scene of a 
 furious combat between the Pas- 
 seyers, under Hofer, and the 
 French in 1809. 
 
 A horse maybe hired from St. Leonhard 
 to summit of pass for 2 fl. 42 kr., and a 
 small but poor Inn will be found on each 
 side of the Col. 
 
 [From the Jaufenspitze to rt. is 
 a fine view along the Noric chain 
 of alps E. of Brenner.J 
 
 The Descent is down the Jaufen 
 1 Thai, leading in 3 hrs. into the 
 [ Brenner rd., a little below 
 
 I 
 
 17 m. Sterzing, 6 hrs. from St. Leon¬ 
 hard {Inn, Post). See Rte. 217. 
 
 Rte. 216 A. — BOTZEN to 
 STERZING, or the PASSEYR 
 THAI, by the SARN THAL. 
 
 BOTZEN to 
 
 - . ENG. M. HRS. 
 
 Sdrntlicin ... 12 4 
 
 Weissenbach. . 4 
 
 Sterzing.. 5 
 
 WEISSENBACH to 
 St. Leonhard’s (Passeyrthal) . . . 
 
 A rough char-rd. as far as Sarnthein, then 
 a mule-track and paths over the passes. 
 
 The 8 arn Thai opening direct 
 N. of Botzen, and from which 
 the Talfer issues to join tlie 
 Eisaok, is remarkably picturesque 
 in its lower portion, which is a 
 romantic glen, diversified with 
 rock and wood, and studded with 
 the ruins of castles. It is well 
 worth a day’s excursion from 
 Botzen if the traveller does not 
 make it his line of route. 
 
 The road leaves Botzen at the 
 same point as that to the Brenner, 
 and enclosed between the walls 
 of gardens enters the Sarnthal 
 by skirting the abrupt liill wiiich 
 guards the entrance on tho E. 
 The inhabited Castle of RunheU 
 stein (Rte. 217), containing middle- 
 age frescoes, is presently seen on a 
 rock barring the way, and two or 
 three castles, more or less in ruin, 
 occupy heights on the western side 
 
-BOTZENto 8 TEEZ 1 NG hy the SARNTIIAL. 
 
 j 
 
 i 
 
 of the valley. Fine chesnut-trees 
 adorn recesses of the glen, which 
 winds upward till at a narrow 
 pass the traveller is stopped by 
 a gate and a small toll. Beyond 
 this is a singular 
 
 Isolated Rock of porphyry, 450 
 ft.high,witli the pilgrimage chapel 
 of St. Johann am Kofel on its 
 summit; and through scenes of 
 great beauty, and past a rude 
 Bath-house at mineral springs, the 
 traveller reaches 
 
 12 m. Sarnthein [Inns : Dragon, to¬ 
 lerable ; Schweizer; and another), 
 the official place of the valley. 
 
 [_A 7 iother loay to Sarnthein is 
 by a path which, crossing the 
 Talfer close to Botzen, ascends 
 the hills on W. side of the Sarn- 
 thal, and through a mixture of 
 cultivated lands, grass, and 
 forests reaches in 3 hrs. the 
 village of Afing (small country 
 Inn: milk, bread, butter, and 
 eggs extent of the fare); thence 
 through forest varied with oc¬ 
 casional green meadow the path 
 ascends for another 3 hrs,, then 
 descending crosses tlie river, 
 passes under old castle of the 
 counts of the valley, who sold it 
 lately to Austria, and enters in 
 another i hr. the village of Sarn¬ 
 thein.] 
 
 [From Norclheim, a little be¬ 
 yond Sarnthein, is a track over 
 the Kreuz Joch (6094 ft.) W. in 
 5 hrs. to Meran,] 
 
 Beyond Sarnthein is a varied 
 scene of wood and pasture, and 
 passing the entrance into the 
 Diirnholzthal rt., the pedestrian 
 reaches the hamlet of 
 
 modation on the route). Here the 
 valley forhs. 
 
 [a). The branch to rt. or N.E. 
 is called the Penser Thai, leading 
 by village of Pens to the 
 
 Penser Joch. (6838 ft.), crossing 
 which the traveller descends into 
 the Oberherger Thai, and keeping 
 on the heights to 1. of the torrent 
 (N. side) passes through Nie- 
 deried to 
 
 Stilfs, and then along and above 
 rt. bank of the Eisack till he 
 descends and crosses the river 
 near 
 
 Sterzing (Bte. 217). 
 
 12 m. 
 01-5 hrs. 
 
 (&). The valley to the l. or W. 
 bends S.W. from Weissenbach. 
 
 First passing through woods, the 
 path crosses large tracts of aljD 
 pasture, and then ascends to the 
 
 Ridge of the mtn. rampart at 3 | hrs. 
 head of the valley. Thence is a 
 very fine view down the Sarri- 
 thal on one side, and over the 
 Passeyrthal on the other. The 
 descent brings in 1,^ hr. to the 
 banks of a turbulent stream, 
 whence it is 
 
 to St. Leonhard in Passe3n’-2^ hrs. 
 thal (Bte. 216). 
 
 
225 lUe, 2 \l.—IN}^ 8 BIlUCK to VERONA by the BRENNER. 22 G 
 
 Rte. 217 . — innsbeuck to 
 
 VEEONA, by the BEENNEE 
 
 PASS, BOTZEN, and TEENT. 
 
 INNSBEUCK to • 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Sterzing , . 
 
 Brixen. . . 19 
 Botzen. . . 265 
 Trent (rail) . 
 
 A fine post-road. Eilwagen twice a 
 day between Innsbruck and Botzen, over 
 the Brenner, in 15 hrs. A^y.from Botzen 
 to Verona in 5 or 6 brs. The rail is being 
 rapidly pushed up from Botzen, north¬ 
 ward, over the Brenner, which it will 
 eventually cross, when rly. communica¬ 
 tion will be complete between N. and S. 
 Tyrol. There are Stellwagen between 
 all the chief towns, but they are very 
 slow. With post-horses it takes 16 hrs. 
 from Innsbruck to Botzen. 
 
 Tlic Brenner is the lowest car- 
 riage-rd. that anywhere crosses 
 the main chain of the Alps, and 
 the first (1772) that was made 
 practicable for carriages at any 
 tune of the year. The pass itself 
 is not specially interesting, but 
 there is fine scenery in the 
 southern part of the route, and 
 particularly between Brixen and 
 Trent, where it traverses the 
 ravine of the Eisack and the 
 Valley of the Adige. 
 
 Innsbruck is described Ete. 
 212. Soon after passing through 
 the triumphal arch of Maria The¬ 
 resa, at S. end of the Neustadt the 
 
 ^ Suburb of Wilten is entered ; 
 site of a Roman stat. {Valdidena). 
 Abbey very ancient. The 2 
 figures of giants at entrance of ch. 
 refer to a legendary conflict upon 
 this site between one of the 
 gigantic heroes of the Helden- 
 buch, and another, accompanied 
 Kp. Tyr. & Alps, 
 
 by a dragon. The rd. now turns 
 aside round a gently swelling hill 
 covered with trees; this is the 
 Berg Isel, famous as the scene of 
 3 great victories of the Tyrolese 
 under Hofer and Spechbacher 
 over the French and Bavarians 
 ill 1809. The slain lie buried in 
 ch.-yard of Wilten. A Gothic 
 monument on the hill commemo¬ 
 rates Hofer and his companions, 
 and the Jagers use the place as a 
 shooting-ground. 
 
 The rd., excellently engi¬ 
 neered, now ascends with gentle 
 gradients, and displaying charm¬ 
 ing views of Innsbruck and the 
 valley, till the valley of the Sill 
 is pined, when the Patscher 
 Kofel (7478 ft.), otfering an excel¬ 
 lent panorama from its sharp 
 summit, is seen on the 1 . (see Rte. 
 212). 
 
 The Sill now runs deej) on the 
 1., and presently 
 
 The Stefansbriicke, a fine bridge 
 over the Rutzbach, is crossed, and 
 a charming glimpse of the Stiibay 
 Thai is obtained, with snowy sum¬ 
 mits at its head. 
 
 [For this valley, the Stubay 
 group of mountains, and the 
 passes over them into the Oetz* 
 thal, see Rte. 215 a.] 
 
 A short distance further is 
 
 Sohonberg {Inn, Post, good), 91 
 on tlie ridge separating the val¬ 
 ley of Stubay from that of the 
 Sill, the two running for a time 
 nearly parallel; this ridge affords 
 lovely views. It is traversed by 
 the old Brenner rd. diverging 
 from the Stefansbriicke, and re¬ 
 joining the present rd. at the 
 posthouse; a pedestrian had bet¬ 
 ter take it. After several wind¬ 
 ings the rd. reaches 
 
 ENU. M. 
 
 Koveredo(rall) i4i 
 Verona 46 
 
 177 
 
 m. 
 
 I 
 
227 Bte. m.—lNNSBEVCK to VERONA Inj the BRENNER. 228 
 
 3 m. Matrey (Inns : Stern; Krone), 
 'whence there is an extensive 
 prospect, especially from Scldoss 
 TraiUson, now belonging to the 
 Auerspergs. (A rd. crosses hero 
 to rt. baiik of Sill, and pleasantly 
 varies the route for a return to 
 Innsbruck either from Matrey 
 or Schonberg. It passes through 
 Patsch and Vill.) Passing the 
 entrance to the Navisthal h, 
 our road, by a continued ascent, 
 reaches 
 
 3 m. Steinach (Inns: Post, good and 
 clean; Steinbock), This vill., 5 
 hrs. walk from Innsbruck, de¬ 
 stroyed by conflagration in 1853, 
 has been rebuilt in stone. Martin 
 Knoller, one of the best Tyrolese 
 painters, was born here 1725. 3 of 
 his pictures are in the ch. 
 
 [The Gsclinitztlial opens here 
 W., penetrating to the snowy 
 Stubay group of mtiis^ From 
 Gsclinitz (3 hrs.) the Habicht 
 Spitz, on the N., can be as¬ 
 cended, and there is a path into 
 the Stubaytbal, as also from the 
 head of the valley (Kte. 215 a).] 
 
 The valley now becomes con¬ 
 tracted, and the rd. crosses the 
 stream to 
 
 3 m. Stafflach. 
 
 [A path leads hence E. by the 
 Schmirner Thai to Oher Schmirn 
 (Inn), and over the Duxer Joch 
 to Hinter Dux, 7 hrs., in the 
 Duxerthal, amidst very interest¬ 
 ing scenery. Zell, in the Ziller- 
 thal, is 18 m. further (Rte. 250).] 
 
 [T/ie Falserthal enters the 
 Schmirnerthal from the S.E,, and 
 ends in a large glacier mass, over 
 which is a difficult path into the 
 PJitseherthal, by which the Zam- 
 serthal can be reached over the 
 Pfltscher Joch (Rte. 250).] 
 
 The rd., after crossing the 
 stream of the Schmirnerthal, now 
 turns towards the rt., crosses 
 frequently from one side to an¬ 
 other of the hill. Passing through 
 
 Gries, the Padauner Spitze 
 rises to the E. 
 
 [T/te Oherhergthai oj^ens W. 
 From a little ch. near St. Leon¬ 
 hard, the 1st vill., is a very fine 
 view of the Zillerthal range. 
 At Oherherg, at head of the val¬ 
 ley, is a small Inn. Beyond this, 
 in a branch of the valley S., are 2 
 small lakes, surrounded by grand 
 rocks, 4 hrs. from Gries.] 
 
 The road soon passes ruins of 
 Lueg, near which a monument 
 records an interview between 
 Charles V. and his brother Ferdi¬ 
 nand, and then sweeps round to 
 1 ., on the side of an Alpine basin 
 occupied by a small lake, and 
 climbing a bleak hill-side, reaches 
 the 
 
 Brenner Post-house (4775 ft. 6^ 
 above sea); diligence here gene¬ 
 rally halts for a meal. A cas¬ 
 cade behind the house is the in¬ 
 fant Eisack running S .; another, 
 across the rd., supplies the Sill 
 flowing N.; the waters respec¬ 
 tively flowing into the Adriatic 
 and the Black Sea. 
 
 The Descent at first is along a 
 nearly level tract. The Brenner- 
 had (hot springs) is passed 1. [and 
 a path over to Kematen, m the 
 Pfitscherthah] Rd. then becomes 
 steep down a narrow glen, through 
 which the Eisack dashes^ the 
 rd. crossing it from side to sidoi 
 
 Gossensass is the first vill. ;5i 
 above it the old robbers’ nest, 
 Raspenstein, 
 
229 me. 211 .—INN 8 BItTJCK to VEItONA hij the BEENNEIt. 280 
 
 [The FJlerschthal comes in here 
 from the W. It descends from the 
 S.E. end of the Stuhay snowy 
 group. The Tribulaun, on the 
 N., is its most conspicuous mtn. 
 Bflersch, at the foot of this, is the 
 chief vill. (3^ hrs. from Qosen- 
 sass), a fine ch., built in the old 
 mining times. Cascade of Holle 
 I hr. further. Passes from the 
 head of the valley into the Stu- 
 baythal and Gschnitzthal IST., and 
 into the Eidnaunthal S.] 
 
 A little lower down the castle 
 ruin Strassberg is seen rt. 
 
 4 m. Sterzing {Inns : Post; Krone— 
 homely, but good, clean, and rea¬ 
 sonable). 
 
 In going to Innsbruck a vorspann is 
 required from here to the summit of the 
 Brenner. 
 
 This very ancient town (3238 
 ft. above sea ; 2000 Inhab.) stands 
 on site of Roman Stat. Vipitenum. 
 It was important in middle ages 
 from its neighbouring rich mines 
 of silver, lead, and copper, and 
 the great number of inns bear wit¬ 
 ness to the large amount of traffic 
 which once passed through it. 
 Many of the houses were built by 
 wealthy old mining families {obs. 
 that called the Jochelsthurn); 
 and the ch. was raised by their 
 contributions at end of 15 th centy. 
 It contains many of their monu¬ 
 ments. From the Capuchin 
 Convent is a fine view, as also 
 from ch. of St. Sepulchre, on a 
 hill above vill. of Floins. 
 
 [A mule-path strikes off to the 
 S.W. up the Jaufen Thai, and 
 over the Jaufen into the Passeyr 
 Thai, 6 hrs. (see Rte. 216). 
 Ilofer’s headquarters in 1809 
 were at Kalschach, a hamlet in 
 the route. 
 
 Also by a track over the Penser 
 
 Jocli a i^edestrian may reach Bot~ 
 zen by the picturesque Sarnthal 
 (Rte. 2 i6a).] 
 
 [2 valleys open E. and W. of 
 Sterzing. The ist and most im¬ 
 portant is fhe Pfitscherthal E., 
 reaching to the snow masses of 
 the Zillerthal, and offering a 
 route into that valley. At 
 Kematen, 3J hrs., is a good Inn. 
 St. Jacob is 2 hrs. further. Stein, 
 I hr., is last vill., thence over the 
 Pfitscherjocli, the Inn at Ginz- 
 ling, in the Zemthal, may be 
 reached in i day (Rte. 230). 
 
 The valley to the W. is the 
 Eidnaunthal, penetrating to the 
 S. side of the Stubay snow masses. 
 At Ausser Bidnaun, 2J hrs., the 
 ch. occupies a hill with a fine view 
 of the valley and of the great 
 glaciers at its head. Liner Bid¬ 
 naun is I hr. further, also finely 
 situated. Beyond this the valley 
 forks : 1 . branch, the Lozza- 
 cherthal leads to the mines of the 
 Schneeberg, and by patli under 
 the Schimrzenspitz N., Schonau, 
 on the Timbler Joch route, can 
 be reached (Rte. 215). The rt. 
 branch Ni is enclosed among the 
 glaciers of the Stubay Mtns., 
 the Thalferner and Hangenden- 
 ferner, at the foot of which are 2 
 small lakes.] 
 
 Soon after leaving Sterzing, the 
 Castle of Sprechenstein is seen 1 ., 
 and that of Reifenstein on the rt., 
 and the rd. passes over the 
 
 Sterzinger-Moos ; a marshy flat, 
 where in 1797 Joubert was re¬ 
 pulsed by the peasantry, as a rude 
 verse on a roadside chapel com¬ 
 memorates. Tlie castle of Wel- 
 fenstein, with Roman remains, 
 crowns a rock, and formerly com¬ 
 manded the pass. The flat (once 
 a lake) tenninates at 
 
 I 2 
 
231 llte. 211 .—INNSBRUCK to VERONA hythe BRENNER. 232 
 
 bill. Mauls (a good cheap little 
 Inn, Zum Nagerl, where carriage 
 travellers from Innsbruck may- 
 sleep the first night). Here a 
 deep gorge begins, extending for 
 many miles, the scene of many 
 ambuscades and fierce conflicts 
 both in 1797 1809. 
 
 4 m. Mittewald (Inn: Post, large 
 and good, but dear). This place 
 Avas the centre of a great fight, of 
 which the entire defile Avas the 
 scene, in 1809. Lefevre, Duke of 
 Dantzic, had crossed the Brenner, 
 but Avas confronted by Haspin- 
 ger the Capuchin at Oberau, 
 below MitteAvald, while Hofei- 
 descended from the Jaufen, and 
 Spechhacher from the Punleiter- 
 steg on liis rear. The result aauis 
 a complete rout. Cannon, arms, 
 and ammunition Avere abandoned, 
 and the Marshal, in flight, carried 
 the first ncAvs of his defeat to 
 Innsbruck. 
 
 3 m. Oberau. The advanced guard 
 of Lefevre was here, after des¬ 
 perate resistance, compelled to 
 surrender. The rd. crosses to 
 
 Unterau, rt. hank (a good Inn'), 
 and soon passes the extensive 
 fortress of 
 
 2 m. Franzensveste, mounting 137 
 cannon, and commanding the 
 passage E. to Carinthia, S. to 
 Brixen and Verona, N. to Inns¬ 
 bruck, 
 
 [Below the fort the great rd. 
 of the Pustertlial, by Avliich the 
 traveller can either reach Carin¬ 
 thia (Rte. 223), or pass through 
 the magnificent scenei-y of the 
 Amjiezzo to Venice (Rte. 228), 
 strikes otF E, over a bridge. A 
 pedestrian will get a fine view S. 
 by ascending to vill. of Spinges to 
 
 the 1. above the fort; thence is 
 a pleasant descent to Muhlbach, 
 at entrance of the Pustertlial, 
 Avhere is a good Inn, and the 
 road to Brixen can easily be re¬ 
 gained. 
 
 Blit he loill do better to continue 
 up the Pusterthal to BruneeJeen, 
 and then to thread the dolomite 
 valleys of Gader and Groden to 
 Botzen, This Avill show him A'cry 
 remarkable scenery, and be much 
 lireferable to the high road (see 
 Rte. 227.)] 
 
 Our rd., issuing from the 
 gorge at Franzensveste, continues 
 direct S. over the plain to Brixen 
 and on rt. baidc of the Eisack. A 
 cluster of houses, with a ch. on 
 the 1 . bank, is Neustift (Inn), the 
 richest monastery in Tyrol, and 
 the burial-place of the Minne¬ 
 singer Oswald Von Wolkenstein, 
 the ruins of Avhose castle are still 
 to be seen near Castelruth (Rte. 
 227). 
 
 The Baths of Valirn are passed 
 rt. at entrance of the Sclialders- 
 tlial. [2 hrs. up this valley are 
 the batiis of Sclialders.^ 
 
 Chesnuts and vines here first 
 make their appearance. The 
 Rienz, flowing from the Puster¬ 
 thal, joins the Eisack at 
 
 Brixen (Ital. Bressanone) 4 
 {Inns : Elephant, good ; Sonne); 
 2027 ft. above sea. A dull town, 
 ot 3200 Inhab., but anciently of 
 some importance. It is the seat 
 of an archbishopric dating from 
 4th centy., and the principality 
 Avas only united to Tyrol in 1803. 
 
 The Dorn is richly decorated 
 with Tyi-olese marbles, and its 
 cloisters contain curious frescoes. 
 The Church of St. John close by 
 is said to have been the old 
 cathedral, and Avas the scene of 
 
233 llte. ‘lll.—INNSimiJCK to VFJiONA hy tUeBUENNElL 234 
 
 tho a fter Council which elected a 
 Pope in opposition to Gregory 
 
 There are several convents, a 
 nunnery for education of English 
 girls, and a 'palace for the ahp. 
 
 The Freie Biiliel, E. of Brixen, 
 rising above vill. of St. Andrae, 
 and crowned by a chapel, ofiers a 
 fine point of view. 
 
 Eilwagen daily to Villacli in Carintlila, 
 by Brunecken and Lienz, and rail thence 
 by Klagenfurt to Marburg on the Vienna 
 and Trieste Bail. The-same dil. is in 
 connection with one through the Am- 
 pezzo to Cadore, Belluno, and the rly. for 
 Venice. 
 
 Rly. will soon be completed from 
 Bri.\en to Botzen, whence it descends tlie 
 Adige to Verona. 
 
 [The Liisenthal opens E. of 
 Brixen, and bends round towards 
 the S. By this valley a pedes¬ 
 trian might find a pleasant patli 
 over the ridge into the Enneberg, 
 or lower portion of the Gader- 
 thal.J 
 
 The scenery about Brixen is 
 rich and picturesque; below it 
 the valley contracts again, and 
 becomes a striking defile. On 
 the heights above on tho rt. are 
 the vills. of Velturns and Latzfons, 
 the women of which, disguised in 
 men’s cloaks, aided in repulsing 
 the French (1797), who tried to 
 seize the defile by way of Latzfons. 
 
 8m. Klausen (Clausus) (Inns: 
 Gans; Rossi) is a small town of 
 a single street, squeezed in be¬ 
 tween the river and the mountain. 
 Tt was the seat of an abp. in 
 4t'h centy. Obs. a Roman tower. 
 Outside tho place is the Capuchin 
 Convent, founded by the then 
 Queen of Spain in 1701 at re¬ 
 quest of her confessor, a native of 
 Klausen. Joachim Haspinger, a 
 hero of 1809, belonged to the 
 Capuchin monastery here. 
 
 E, of the town is a singular 
 projecting isolated rock, 700 ft. 
 high, a fortified post from earliest 
 times, the site also of a temple of 
 Isis, and now that of the nunnery 
 of Seben. At time of the French 
 invasion one of the nuns, to 
 escape ill usage, threw herself 
 from the summit. View thence 
 very fine: 
 
 [Tlie Latzfonserthal enters from 
 the W. at Klausen under the 
 Seben rock. The Schloss Gern- 
 stein lies in it, and a path leads 
 to the Pil. Chapel of Kreutz- 
 hirchlem, near which on the ridge 
 is a grand view of the dolomites 
 to the E. The path descends 
 thence into the Sarnthal at Sarn- 
 thein. Rte. 216 a.J 
 
 A Bridge to 1 . over the EisackI m. 
 carries a char-rd. into the 
 Groden Thai E., [le»;ich‘ng up to 
 the Sella Spitze, and other dolo¬ 
 mites, and well worth exi^loring. 
 
 Rte. 227.] 
 
 Koliman (Inn, Kreuz). Op-5 m. 
 posite, on 1 . bank of Eisack, is 
 the picturesque castle of Trost- 
 burg (Trost, confidence—security)^ 
 belonging to Count Wolkenstein. 
 
 It commands the entrance to the 
 Grbdenthal, is still perfect, and 
 inhabited—could hold 500 men 
 in the lower apartments. 
 
 [A very steep paved rd. leads 
 up to Trostburg, and a path goes 
 on to Castelrutlj, 2 hrs. (see Rte. 
 
 227), whence Botzen can be 
 reached by a path over the ele¬ 
 vated plateau (the ancient route, 
 to the Brenner), and at foot of 
 the dolomite mountain Ilohe 
 Schlern. This detour will well 
 reward the pedestrian. 
 
 An equally interesting, and 
 perhaps superior path for views, 
 climbs the hills on the rt, or W. 
 
235 Bie. 217 .—INNSBRUCK to VERONA hy the BRENNER. 236 
 
 bank of the Eisack. This leads by 
 St. Verena in 4 lirs. to the singular 
 Earth Pyramids of Lengmoos, and 
 by Ober Botzen and valley of 
 Kitten, descends to Botzen in 3 
 Ill’s.: see below.] 
 
 The road now sinks into a 
 grand and gloomy defile, closed 
 in by cliffs of porpliyry on both 
 sides, which continues to within 
 3 m. of Botzen. The rd. is 
 termed the Kunters Weg, from a 
 citizen of Botzen, by whom, in 
 1314, it was first constructed; 
 before that the Brenner traffic 
 went by Meran and the mule- 
 track over the Jaufen; earlier 
 still by the plateau of Castelruth. 
 
 5 m. Atzwang (Inn, Post). [Here 
 a path crosses the Eisack, and is 
 the direct way, in 3 hrs., to the 
 small bath-house of Ratzes at the 
 foot of the Schlern: see Kte. 227. 
 Also to the W. a steep path climbs 
 in lir. to i\\e Earth Pyramids. 
 
 Deutschen. A monument near 
 this records a great rock-fall in 
 1845. 
 
 3 m. Steg, The precipices of the 
 Schlern are seen E. [A bridge 
 and path to Veils and Castelruth, 
 the nearest way for a pedestrian 
 bound from Botzen to the Oroden- 
 thal, or the striking scenery of 
 the Seisser Alp.'^ 
 
 2 m. Blumau. Bridge over the 
 Eisaclc, and a view opens E. 
 
 . towards the dolomite precijiices 
 of the.Eosengarten. The mtns. 
 now begin to separate, the valley 
 bends westward, and the verdure 
 becomes luxuriant. The roman¬ 
 tic Schloss Karneid to 1 . guards 
 the entrance to the Karneidthal 
 and the Porphyry gorges: see 
 
 below. The river is again crossed, 
 and then the rd. enters upon 
 the rich plam of Botzen, the red 
 spire of its ch. rising in the 
 midst, and the beautiful valley of 
 the Adige, decked with castles, 
 opening beyond. Fine porphyry 
 cliffs bound the plain on the S. 
 Vineyards and gardens, full of 
 profuse vegetation, surround the 
 town, and villages crown all the 
 heights. 
 
 Botzen (Ital. Bolzano) (Inns: 4 : 
 Kaiserkrone, good and comfort¬ 
 able, but dear; good view of the 
 Rosengarten from some of the 
 upper windows;—Mondschein, in 
 a narrow street, fair). N.B. Try 
 the wine of Terlan, the trout of 
 the Eisack, and the grapes of 
 Meran. 
 
 Botzen is situated at the junct. 
 of the Talfer, coming direct from 
 the N., with the Eisack, which 
 2 111. further on falls into the 
 Adige. Long dykes protect the 
 city from the devastations of the 
 Talfer. Pop. 10,000. Commanding 
 the traffic with Germany by the 
 Brenner, with Switzerland by 
 the upper Adige, and with Italy 
 by the lower Adige, Botzen is 
 a very prosperous place. Italian 
 is the prevailing language. 4 
 large fairs are annually held; 
 and the Saturday market-days 
 display much variety and jiic- 
 turesqueness of costume. Heavy 
 arcades, useful in the exti’eme 
 heats of summer, line many of 
 the streets, and streams of pure 
 water rush through them. Double 
 roofs protect many of the houses 
 from the heat. 
 
 The parish ch., in a pleasant 
 ojien space E. side of the town, 
 is Gotliic of T4th centy., with one 
 elegant open spire of 1525 (the 
 other not built). It possesses a 
 
237 Bte. 217 .—INNSBRUCK to VERONA by the BRENNER. 238 
 
 curiously carved pulpit. The W. 
 portal is a copy from the Lom- 
 bardic. Behind the high altar is 
 a monument to the Archduke 
 Bainer. A new cemetery, B. of 
 the ch., is surrounded by arcades 
 and has a monument by Schnorr. 
 The ch. of St. John Bapt. has 
 frescoes of the 15 th centy. worth 
 seeing. 
 
 In the gardens about Botzen, 
 some of which are elaborately 
 kept, the tig, lemon, olive, pome¬ 
 granate, sugar-cane, and mul¬ 
 berry are found; that of H. 
 Moser, near ch., is a specimen. 
 In summer the richer inhab. 
 resort to theh villas, or the 
 various baths on the mtns. 
 
 The best immediate points of 
 view are, from the Galvarienberg, 
 across the Eisack and overhang¬ 
 ing the rly., which commands 
 the Adige valley ; or, from the 
 bridge over the Talfer on the 
 Meran rd., from which the dolo¬ 
 mite peaks of the Rosengarten to 
 the E., the chief feature in the 
 Botzen scenery, are well seen, 
 particularly at sunset. The Fassa 
 Thai lies behind them, and in 
 this direction with the Schlern 
 (not visible from Botzen) they 
 form the outposts of the Dolomite 
 region. The longer 
 
 Excursions are, to 
 
 (a) SigmundsJcron, an old 
 castle, on a conspicuous hill in 
 the midst of the Adige valley, 
 about 3 m. S.W. of Botzen. It 
 was built in 1473 on ruins of a 
 Roman fort by the Archduke Sig¬ 
 mund. Being now a magazine, 
 an order fi'om the military autho¬ 
 rity of Botzen to visit it is 
 necessary; but a portion of the 
 vieiv may be seen without. It lies 
 on the way to ^ 
 
 (b) Hoeh Eppan, a formidable 
 place in the nth centy. Its 
 owners looked down upon 36 
 subject castles, and engaged in 
 deadly feuds with the Counts of 
 Tyrol and Bps. of Trent. They 
 became extinct in 1300. View 
 is very fine. St. Paid, 5 m., is 
 the best point to drive to ,* thence 
 is a steep path for about 2 m. 
 
 (c) Sarnthein {Inn, Schwei- 
 zer), 12 m.; 3 hrs. drive on a 
 rough road up the valley of the 
 Talfer or Sarnthal. This is a 
 most picturesque glen; numerous 
 castle towers are perched about 
 it. Schloss Runhelstein, 3 m., has 
 some very curious, almost defaced, 
 frescoes, illustrating the romances 
 of the 14th and 15 th cent., and 
 said to have been repaired by 
 order of Maximilian. 3 m. 
 further is Johann am Kofel, 
 pilgrimage ch., crowning a pre¬ 
 cipice 450 ft. high; and 6 m. be¬ 
 yond is Sarnthein : see Rte. 216 a. 
 
 (d) Earth Pyramids of Leng- 
 moos, 10 m., near Ober Bitten. 
 Leave Botzen by the Brenner 
 rd., and take a path to 1., just 
 beyond the suburbs. 2 hrs. of a 
 very beautiful walk brings you 
 to Enter Ritten (good refresh¬ 
 ment) ; hence ascend to Ober 
 Ritten, a favourite summer re¬ 
 treat of the Botzeners ; thence 
 it is a short distance to the pyra¬ 
 mids, beyond the vill. of Leng- 
 moos. They consist of an immense 
 number of tall earth pillars, 30 
 to 60 ft. high, having at a dis¬ 
 tance among trees the appearance 
 of a ruined temple, or a number 
 of steeples crowded together. 
 They are composed of coherent 
 gravel, angular fragments of por¬ 
 phyry, and eartb, and are due to 
 the action of water upon what is 
 supposed to have been an ancient 
 moraine. 
 
239 Bte. 217 .—INNSBIiUCK to VEMONA hij the liliENNER. 2 i 0 
 
 (e) The ascent of the Bittner 
 Horn may be made in 3 hrs. 
 from Lengmoos (near which, at 
 Selrain, is a good Inn). The 
 panorama is very fine, and in¬ 
 cludes a remarkable array of 
 dolomites to the E. A steep 
 path leads down from it to 
 Atzwang on the Brenner rd. 
 
 (/) The Porphyry gorges in the 
 Karneid Thai ofter very striking 
 scenery. A rd. has been con¬ 
 structed througli them to Wal- 
 schenofen, 13 m. (a small Inn^, 
 which will eventually be carried 
 over the Caressa Pass into the 
 Fassa Thai and the midst of the 
 dolomites. Schloss Karneid, con¬ 
 spicuous from Botzen, stands at 
 the entrance of the deep ravine 
 from which the torrent issues, 
 and nothing can exceed the 
 romantic grandeur of the defile 
 by which the rd., suspended 
 over, or by the side of the stream, 
 at last gains the uplands. At 
 different points the wild dolomite 
 peaks of the Latemar Spitzen 
 appear to rt., and are well seen 
 from Walschenofen ; from which 
 place Vigo, in Fas.sa Thai (com¬ 
 fortable Inn, Itizzi’s), is reached 
 in 4 hrs. {see Kte. 221). 
 
 (f/) The ascent of the Schlern 
 m ay be made from Botzen. Drive 
 to Steg on Brenner rd., and then 
 walk by Vdls up the Schlernthal, 
 and by chapel of St. Cyprian; it 
 may bo done in 5 or 6 hrs. 
 From summit very fine display 
 of dolomites to E., and of the 
 great snow groi;ps, Adamello, 
 Orteler, Oetzthal, and Noric, W. 
 and N. 
 
 (Ji) The Mendula, however, 
 rising like a wall W. of the 
 Adige, and ascended from Kal- 
 tern {In 7 i, Kossl) in 2^ hrs., will 
 perhaps offer the noblest view in 
 the neighbourhood of Botzen, 
 
 There is a small Inn just beyond 
 the summit (Rte. 220 a). 
 
 Eilwageii daily to Innsbruck in 15 hrs.; 
 also to Meran and Brcgenz. Trains j 
 times a day to Trent and Verona, reach ing 
 the latter in 5^^ or 6^ hrs. Stellwagen 
 also upon all the rds. 
 
 Travellers going N. from Bot¬ 
 zen will find the Meran and 
 Finstermiinz rd. (Rte. 213) 
 much more interesting than the 
 Brenner, and, though longer for 
 Germany, shorter for Switzerland. 
 The Inns, however, are not ,so 
 good. 
 
 The rly. to Trent crosses the 
 Eisack by a bridge, and continues 
 by side of the river a short 
 distance; the latter then bears 
 W. to join the Adige (Germ. 
 Etsch). The fiat plain hence to 
 Trent is productive only of maize, 
 mulberries, and miasma; every¬ 
 body that can, lives on the hills ; 
 but the mountains bounding it 
 are very fine. 
 
 [For a pedestrian going S. an 
 interesting route would be by 
 Sigmundskron into the valley of 
 Kaltern, which runs parallel with 
 that of the Adige. It is a rd. 
 for vehicles, though hilly. Kal¬ 
 tern, 10 m. {Inn, Rdssl', is the 
 centre of a considerable wine 
 trade (Seewein, best); and was 
 famous in 1833 for an “Exta- 
 tica,” visited by thousands of 
 pilgrims. 
 
 (From Kaltern the steej) bridle¬ 
 path over the Mendola reaches 
 Eondo in 4 hrs., whence it is 
 about 10 m. to Cles in Val di 
 Non, by which again the route 
 to Trent may be very advan¬ 
 tageously varied. See Rte. 220.) 
 
 The Kaltern See, a small lake 
 famous for eels, is passed a little 
 below Kaltern, and th.e Adige 
 
241 Bte. 211 .—INNSBlWCKtoVEli()NAhy theBBENNER. 242 
 
 and rail may be regained either 
 at Auer, or much lower down 
 through Tramin (lofty ch. tower) 
 and Kurtatsch at 8 alurn.'\ 
 
 7 m. At Branzoll the rail approaches 
 the Adige, which here becomes 
 navigable for rafts. 
 
 2 ^ m. Auer Stat. The rail here 
 crosses to rt. bank of the Adige. 
 [A new road from Auer zigzags 
 up the hill-side and joins that 
 from Neumarkt to Cavalese in 
 the Fassa Thai at Kalditsch.] 
 The porphyry mtns. which line the 
 valley from Botzen give place to 
 limestone at 
 
 4 fm. Neumarkt Stat. (Inns, not 
 good: Agniolo; Corona,tolerable): 
 Ital. Egna, Eom. Erma, rebuilt 
 under its present name after an 
 inundation. Unhealthy. iioo 
 Inhab. [A bridge and rd. to 
 Kaltern W. and a hill rd. tra- 
 vei'sed by a stellwagen into the 
 Fassa or Fleims Thai on the E. ; 
 18 m. to Cavalese. Etc. 2 2r.J 
 
 4| m. Salurn Stat. (Inns : Cavallo 
 Bianco; Adler, clean and civil 
 people). A picturesque castle 
 ruin surmounts a conical rock, 
 once important as commanding 
 the valley. The limestone mtns. 
 now advance upon the Adige, 
 and form a defile, die Sclianze, 
 important in war time. Gen. 
 Joubert, in 1797, to avoid it, led 
 his troo])s round by the Eleimser- 
 thal to Neumarkt. i 
 
 Tlie mtns. on the W. now pre¬ 
 sently break away and disclose 
 the Bochetta Pass, a fine bit of 
 scenery [leading into tlio Val di 
 Non, (Ete. "220)]. 
 
 From this stat. is a daily stellwagen 
 through Val di Non to Male in Val di 
 Sole. 
 
 Below this the rail crosses to 1 . 
 bank, but then sweeps westward 
 to avoid the vast amount of debris 
 and swamp caused by the Avisio, 
 the stream of the Fassa Thai, 
 which is seen issuing from tlie 
 hills near 
 
 Lavis(Jn9?, Corona; none good), 4 f m. 
 small town, quite Italian in cha¬ 
 racter. [The rd. up the Fassa 
 Thai, Ete. 221.] 
 
 A Bridge 3000 ft. long carries 
 the rail over the Avisio, and the 
 line then makes a straight com-se 
 for 
 
 Trent (Germ. Trient; Ital. 7 m. 
 Trento). Inns : All’ Europa, in 
 Contrada Lunga, the principal 
 street, is fidr, hut make your bar¬ 
 gain ; Chiave d’Oro, well spoken 
 of; Corona, frequented by Aus¬ 
 trian officers.) This famous city 
 (14,000 Inhab.) is beautifully 
 situated on 1 . bank of Adige. Its 
 medimval walls, towers, nume¬ 
 rous campaniles, and surrounding- 
 castle ruins give it a most im¬ 
 posing aspect. It was the Tri- 
 dentum of the Eomans, and capital 
 of Eluetia; afterwards from 1027 
 to 1803 a prince-bishopric, the 
 domains of which included not 
 only the valley of the Adige, but 
 various outlying districts. The 
 principal event in its history is 
 the meeting of the Council of 
 Trent from 1543 to 1563. The 
 Duomo or Cathedred, ded. to 
 St. Vigilius, 380 A.D., is very 
 curious, dates from 1212, built * 
 of marble, Eomanesque; sin¬ 
 gular high altar, isolated. Ohs. 
 an Adam and Eve of white marble; 
 frescoes of 14th centy. in N. tran- 
 
 4 .^ in. St. Michele, 
 
243 Rte. 2\1.~INN8BBUCK to VEBONA hythe BBENNEB. 244 
 
 sept; a crucifix in a side cliapel; 
 and tomh of Sanseverino, a 
 Venetian general, killed in battle 
 with the Trentines. MarUe foun¬ 
 tain in the cathedral square. 
 
 Oh. of Santa Maria Maggiore 
 is built on site of the chamber 
 where the Council of Trent as¬ 
 sembled ; its Lombard tower still 
 remains. Ohs. a curious painting 
 with portraits of the members. 
 The Organ is very good, and the 
 Organ Gallery is a fine work by 
 Vincentini. Oh. of St. Apollinare 
 across bridge is early Norman. 
 
 Castle of Buon ConsigUo on a 
 height was the mediseval episco¬ 
 pal stronghold. One round tower, 
 the walls 9 ft. thick, is said to be 
 Homan. There is an inner court 
 with 4 stories of arcaded galleries; 
 good frescoes in some of the rooms. 
 The whole is now a fortified bar¬ 
 rack. Another Episcopal Castle is 
 outside the town, and in ruins. 
 
 The town walls are nearly per¬ 
 fect. A tall square tower near 
 the rly. stat. is a prison. 
 
 Good views over Trent may be 
 obtained from the isolated rock 
 called Verruca or “ dos Trento,” 
 beyond bridge on rt. bank of 
 Adige W., now a fortified military 
 post, therefore requiring an order, 
 but the rd. past it leading to 
 Riva'j may suffice instead; and 
 from the road to Pergine, on E. 
 side of the town, rising with a 
 long ascent. 
 
 Chief products of the district 
 are wine and silk, but the fig 
 and the pomegranate are seen 
 mixed witli the mulberry-trees. 
 
 Festival of St. Vigilius, June 
 26, is the great day for observing 
 the population. 
 
 A charming Excursio7i may be 
 made to Logo Caldonazzo, Take 
 rd. E. to Pergine, 7 m., and at 
 about 3 m, from Trent diverge to 
 
 a bridge, Ponte Alto, a few yards 
 off' the rd., under which the 
 torrent plunges into a cleft at a 
 vast depth, A fine defile succeeds, 
 and the approach to Pergine is 
 beautiful. From Pergine take a 
 country rd. to W. side of lake, 
 which is deliciously surrounded 
 by chesnut woods, and if time 
 allows continue to village of Cal- 
 ceranica, and then across country 
 by Vigolo and Sorda to Matarello 
 on the high rd. 5 m. below 
 Trent. The whole distance is 
 about 25 m.. 
 
 The defile on the road to Biva, 
 
 W. of the town, is also worth a 
 walk. 
 
 [The Pergine rd. leads into 
 Val Sugana, or Valley of the 
 Brenta, and is a dhect route, and 
 delightful one, by Bassano and 
 Treviso to Venice, far more inter¬ 
 esting than that of the rail (see 
 Ete. 222); also from Trent to 
 Verona the route may bo advan¬ 
 tageously varied by taking the 
 beautiful rd. (better than that 
 by Eoveredo) to Biva, on Logo 
 di Garda (excellent Inn), and 
 steaming down the lake to Pes- 
 chiera, but inquire sailing days 
 of the steamer (see Ete. 2i9).3 
 
 Eilwagen twice a week to Bassano by 
 Val Sugana, and Stellwagen to Cles in 
 Val di Non, and to Biva on Lago di 
 Garda. 
 
 The rly. keeps on 1. bank of 
 Adige (the valley hence to tho 
 Venetian frontier termed Val 
 Lagerina, Lager Thai), to 
 
 Galliano Stat., at Junct. of Val m, 
 Folgaria. Here the valley con¬ 
 tracts to a narrow pass, where the 
 Venetians under Sanseverino, who 
 was slain, were defeated in 1487, 
 and sharp confiicts took place 
 with the French, 1796 and 1809. 
 
245 Mte. 211.—INNSBRUCK to VERONA hytlie BRENNER. 246 
 
 Castle of Beseno on a rock above 
 town, fine view. The rail now 
 twice crosses the river, and to 
 the rt. on mtn. side are seen the 
 ruins of Castelbarco, at one time 
 belonging to the most powerful 
 family of the Val Lagerina, after¬ 
 wards a strong frontier fortress of 
 the Venetians. With a bend round 
 to the S. the rail reaches 
 
 4f m. Roveredo [Inns: Cavalletto; 
 Corona and Cavallo Bianco. N.B. 
 Between this and Verona no good 
 inn). 7614 Inhab. I. bank of 
 Adige centre of a flourishing silk 
 trade. There are 2 qfilande (mills) 
 for unwinding from tlie cocoon, 
 producing 12,000 lbs, of silk an¬ 
 nually, and 36 filalorie (spinning- 
 mills), yielding per annum 173,000 
 lbs. of silk thread, and giving em¬ 
 ployment altogether to more than 
 3000 persons. The manufacture 
 dates from 1200 a.d., introduced 
 by settlers from Venice and 
 Nuremberg. 
 
 The Castle in the Piazza del 
 Podesta is the most remarkable 
 building, once the residence of the 
 Venetian governor; it is now the 
 Town Council Office. Tower re¬ 
 sembles a lighthouse. 
 
 Cli. of San Marco dates from 
 15th centy. Ch. of San Tomaso 
 (now a warehouse), from 1300. 
 Napoleon's “ Battle of Roveredo ” 
 was fought in the defile of 
 Calliano. 
 
 [Just below the town a road 
 tiuns off, crossing the valley and 
 the hills to the W., over to Riva 
 on Lago di Garda, a noble piece 
 of scenery (see Ete. 218). Stell- 
 wagen daily in 3 hrs. 
 
 Also a rd. ascends the Val 
 d’Arsa S.E. from Roveredo, crosses 
 into Val di Signori by the ro¬ 
 mantic pass of Fugazze, and 
 descends by Schio to Vicenza. 
 
 This route oflers the best access 
 from the N. to Baths of Recoaro 
 (see Rtes. 232 and 232 a).] 
 
 Leaving Roveredo, the 
 
 Castle of Lizzana is presently 
 seen 1. Hero Dante lived for 
 some time during his exile. 
 
 Mori [ (or Ravazzone) Stat. 2 
 [Rd. over to Riva rt.] Rail crosses 
 and recrosses Adige. Nearly 
 opposite this 1. is 
 
 San Marco, between which place Dj m 
 and vill. of Serravalle below are 
 the Slavini di San Marco, the re¬ 
 sults of a berg-fall, which is said to 
 have overwhelmed a town in 883. 
 Dante alludes to it in his descrip¬ 
 tion of the Vestibule of Hell.— 
 Inferno, xii., 4-9. 
 
 At Serravalle the rd., rail, and 
 river run close together through 
 a defile once commanded by a 
 castle, now in ruins, to 
 
 Ala {Inn, Post). 3700 Inhab., 
 once famed for manufacture of 
 velvet and silk, 
 
 [An interesting path strikes 
 off from Ala S.E., up Val Eonchi, 
 and crosses by the Colle della 
 Lora or Revelta into the romantic 
 basin of Recoaro. This is one of 
 the most picturesque approaches 
 for a j)edestrian to that charming 
 spot. See Rtes. 232, 232 a.] 
 
 Avio Stat. Vill. on rt. bank 
 of the river. Castle of the Castel- 
 barcos. 
 
 Borghetto, 1. bank, is the last 
 place in Tyrol. The long moun¬ 
 tain ridge on rt., separating the 
 valley of the Adige from the 
 Lago di Garda culminates in 
 Monte Baldo (7012 ft.), W. of 
 Borghetto, rich in botanical trea¬ 
 sures. Frontier crossed. 
 
 
247 Rte. 2 lS.—ltOVEEEBO to RIVA and L. BI GAIWA. 248 
 
 7 m. Peri Stat. is the first in 
 Venetia. Presently 
 
 Brentino is seen across the 
 river to the rt. [In one of the 
 ravines descending towards it 
 from IMonte Baldo is the sin¬ 
 gular sanctuary of Madonna della 
 Corona, built in a cave in a ju'e- 
 cipitous face of rock, and ap¬ 
 proached either by steps from 
 below or by ropes from above.] 
 At 
 
 4| m. Ceraino Stat. the defile of the 
 Chiusa di Verona [Berner Klanse) 
 commences ; the river here winds 
 sharply between walls of lime¬ 
 stone, a spot always of great 
 military importance. Rivoli is 
 on the plateau to S.W., where 
 Naiioleon won his famous victory. 
 
 7 m. Domegliara Stat., end of the 
 ■ defile. Here are several forts on 
 1. bank, formerly occupied by 
 an old Venetian castle. The river 
 and rail are now separated by 
 some distance, and beyond the 
 former, S.W., some lo m., is 
 Custoza, where the Austrians 
 defeated the Piedmontese in 1848, 
 and the Italians in 1866. 
 
 4 ^ m. Pescatina Stat. Pail bears E. 
 
 2|- m. Parona Stat. Kail now crosses 
 the river and bears S. to join the 
 rail from Milan at Sta. Lucia. 
 Ports in all directions guard the 
 approaches to 
 
 95 m. Verona. Porta Nuova Stat.; 
 principal stat. is Poiia Vescova, 
 a little further. [Inns: due Torri, 
 best; Torre di Londra. See Iland- 
 hooh for N. Italy, 
 
 Rte. 218. — koveredo to 
 
 RIVA and PESCHIERA, by 
 
 the LAGO DI GARDA. 
 
 ROVEllEDO to 
 
 KXG. ir. 
 
 Riva. 
 
 Peschiera, by steamer, about . 40 
 
 A good carriage-rd. and a daily Stell- 
 wagen, 3 brs., between Moti stat. and 
 Riva; thence to Peschiera by steamboat, 
 in 4 or 5 hrs. daily. Also a boat runs 
 daily (?) between Limone and Desenzano, 
 which,by means of arow-boat from Riva, 
 may serve if the other fails. Cars at Riva 
 scarce. 
 
 Strongly to be recommended in 
 preference to the rly. route from 
 Koveredo southwards for those 
 who have a day to spare. Kiva 
 is strikingly picturesque, and the 
 sail on the lake most delightful 
 and full of interest. At Peschiera 
 the traveller can either turn E. to 
 Verona and ^"enice, or W. to 
 Milan. 
 
 Travellers from the N. will find 
 a more interesting way of reach¬ 
 ing Kiva from Trent, Rte. 219. 
 
 The rail will help the pedes¬ 
 trian the short distance from 
 
 Roveredo to 
 
 Mori Stat. The rd. from 3 
 Roveredo there crosses the Adige 
 by a 
 
 Bridge, passes through Mori 
 (a large village), and through a 
 richly cultivated country reaches 
 the pretty, pellucid 
 
 m. 
 
249 llte. 2l^.—R0VEllEB0 to BIVA and L. 1)1 GARDA. 250 
 
 3 m. L&go di loppio, dotted with 
 islands and bounded by rocks. 
 Then come the dreary heights 
 of 
 
 Nago, a vill. with a ruined 
 castle, bm-ut by the French, in 
 1703, under Vendome. The de¬ 
 scent towards Riva is steep, and 
 after passing a small fort it affords 
 a fine View over the Lake of 
 Garda,witliMonteBaldo (7012ft.), 
 on 1 . ; river Sarca descending to 
 lake on rt.; and the extraordinary 
 rd. from Storo faintly marked in 
 the precipices on the western 
 shore. [From here the N. peak 
 of IMte. Baldo may be reached, 
 with guide, in 4^ hrs., offering a 
 fine view of the lake and the 
 Orteler and Adamello groups.] 
 
 4 m. Torbole is a poor vill., sur¬ 
 rounded by barren stony uplands, 
 but picturesquely situated on the 
 edge of the lake. The rd. crosses 
 the 
 
 River Sarca, which pours into 
 the lake, and keeps near the 
 waterside, passing again through 
 a fort, to 
 
 3 m. Riva (Inns: II Sole, very good, 
 and moderate if bargained for— 
 charming view over the lake; 
 Giardiiio, cheaper, but inferior). 
 There is a post-station sup¬ 
 plied with horses, but the post¬ 
 master demands extortionate 
 rates. The town, 4960 Inhab., 
 looks well from a distance, 
 but the streets are dingy and 
 dilapidated; situation admirable; 
 towering mountains and grand 
 precipices to the W., the lake 
 spreading southward, with Mte. 
 Baldo rising nobly upon its east¬ 
 ern shore. The small plain N. 
 of Riva is rich with olives, myr- 
 
 • 
 
 ties, vines, and pomegranates; 
 and many castle ruins are perched 
 on the surrounding crags. 
 
 Castle of La Rocca, built by 
 the Scaligers, above the town, is 
 now a prison. A fortified barrack, 
 for the Austrian steam marine, is 
 on the margin of the lake. 
 
 The best Views are obtained 
 from the rd. to Brescia, which 
 is carried along the face of the 
 limestone precipices on W. of 
 the lake to the height of 400 ft., 
 and then turns inland; and it is 
 worth while to extend the walk 
 to Lago di Ledro, 5 m., visiting 
 the Fcdl of the Ponale, 2 m. from 
 Riva, on the way. This cascade 
 can also be seen from a boat on 
 the lake. 
 
 Also from a new-made rd., 
 leading up to Pranzo and the 
 small Lake of Tenno, in the hills 
 to the N., the town, plain, and 
 lake are well seen. From vill. 
 of Tenno, a mile to rt. of rd., is 
 a charming View. 
 
 [The rd. to Bresica (Rte. 231 a) 
 is highly picturesque, and passes 
 through the scenes of Garibaldi’s 
 struggle with the Austrians in 
 1866. 
 
 It is also a charming drive 
 from Riva to Trent by the valley 
 of the Sarca: see Rte. 219. Car¬ 
 riage and pair to Trent, 8 fl.] 
 
 Lago di Garda (Lacus Benacus), 
 about 35 m. long, by 12 broad at its 
 S. end; greatest depth 332 fathoms, 
 2 2 7 ft. above sea. A small portion 
 of the upper end is in Tyrol ; for 
 the rest, the eastern shore is 
 Venetian, and the W. Lombardic. 
 Long and narrow, and hemmed 
 in by lofty mtns. towards the N., 
 it there presents features of deso¬ 
 late grandeur; expanding towards 
 the S., and surrounded by low, 
 richly cultivated shores,it exhibits 
 
‘251 Rfe.^lS.—IiOVEREDO to lUVA and L. 1)1 GARDA. 252 
 
 the utmost softness and beauty, 
 though from its funnel-like shape 
 it is subject (as Virgil noticed) 
 to tremendous tempests. The 
 olive is everywhere seen, and 
 lemons and citrons are abundant 
 on the W. shore. Excellent 
 salmon-trout and trout in the 
 lake, with Agone, a sort of fresh¬ 
 water herring. 
 
 On leaving Eiva by water, ohs. 
 W. the rd. to Brescia, grooved out 
 of the face of the larecipice. 
 Presently, beyond the turn of 
 the rd., the 
 
 Fall of the Poiiale is seen fall¬ 
 ing behind the arcli of a bridge. 
 
 The E. shore is for many miles 
 occupied by the bare but lofty 
 range of Mte. Baldo. 
 
 7 m. Limone, W. Here the French 
 embarked Hofer on his way to 
 Mantua, where he was shot. 
 
 5 m. Tremosine, W., hamlet and ch. 
 on edge of a tall precipice, acces¬ 
 sible by a path lilce a staircase. 
 
 Citron groves, with provision 
 for roofing over in winter, begin 
 to appear W. Opposite is 
 
 Malcesina, E., with a castel¬ 
 lated Venetian fort, said to have 
 been first erected by Oliarlemagne, 
 rising on a rock in the water. 
 
 OiUi Campione, W., surmounted by 
 Ch. of Maria di Mte. Castello. 
 The mtns. now recede from the W. 
 shore, which becomes a string of 
 villages, backed by rich cultiva¬ 
 tion. The principal places are 
 Gargnano, where a rd. com¬ 
 mences, and runs southward by 
 shore of the lake; a short dis¬ 
 tance below, Bogliaco, with a beau¬ 
 tiful villa ; Toscolano, with many 
 paper-mills; Mad&rnoy the largest 
 
 vill. on that side; and then, at 
 head of an inlet, Salo {Inns: 
 Gambero, good, but extortionate; 
 Giardino, fair and moderate), 
 town of 4500 Inhab., 3 churches, 
 the most beautiful spot on the 
 lake, and to which a rd. comes 
 down from Lago Idro: see Ete. 
 
 231. 
 
 On the E. shore, the next point 
 of interest after Malcesina is 
 
 Torri, E., marked by a well-iQm. 
 preserved Scaligerian Castle 
 (1383) with delightful gardens. 
 Quarries here of red marble, 
 which have supplied Verona. 
 
 St. Vigilio, E., at point of aS m. 
 promontory, a beautiful situation. 
 
 A palazzo here built by San 
 Michele, and gardens adorned 
 with ancient sculpture. 
 
 Garda, E., at head of a bay, 2 m. 
 a walled vill., giving name to the 
 lake. In a hermitage above. 
 
 Count Algarotti wrote some of 
 his works. 
 
 [8 m. E. is battle-field of Rl~ 
 voli, Ete. 217.] 
 
 Bardolino, E., vill. with bat-3 m. 
 tlemented walls and towers. 
 
 From this portion of the lake 
 the ridge of hill and distant tower 
 of Solferino can be seen S. 
 
 Lacise, surrounded by me- 3 m. 
 disBval walls, and with a very 
 picturesque castle. 2 m. S. is the 
 villa of Count Menascalci, the 
 Orientalist. 
 
 [Projecting into the centre of 
 the lake from the S. is now 
 seen the promontory of Sermiond 
 {Peninsularum Sirmio of Ca¬ 
 tullus)* It possesses a crene¬ 
 lated castle of the Scaligers • ex- 
 
253 
 
 Rte. m.—TRENT to RIVA. 
 
 254 
 
 tensive Komau mins, bath, &c., 
 of age of the Antonines; and a 
 ch. of 12th cent. Among them 
 the ruins of a house Avhere Catul¬ 
 lus wrote his poems. Lovely view 
 up the lake. 
 
 Desenzano {Inns .* Meyer’s Ho¬ 
 tel ; Vittoria—both on lake; Posta 
 Vecchia) is in the bay beyond 
 Sermione. It is the chief town on 
 the W. shore of the lake, and a 
 stat. on the Milan and Venice Ely. 
 See Ete. 26, Handbook ofN, Italy.'] 
 
 Cm. Peschiera (no good Inn; re¬ 
 freshments at the rly. stat.), till 
 1866 a strong Austrian fortress, 
 and princii)al station for Aus¬ 
 trian lake gunboats. 
 
 Omnibuses to station, ^ m. Trains to 
 IVIilan, Mantua, and Venice. A carriage 
 may be hired either here or at Desenzano 
 to Solferino. 
 
 Rte. 219 .—TRENT to RIVA 
 on the LAGO DI GARDA. 
 
 TRENT to 
 
 _ ENG. ir, 
 
 mva.23 
 
 Stellvvagen daily in 4^ hrs. No decent 
 Inn on the road ; a pedesti’ian must carry 
 refreshment. 
 
 Travellers from the N. had far 
 better take this route to Lago di 
 Garda than that by Eoveredo. 
 The scenery is full of variety and 
 beauty, and carriages can easily, 
 
 and for a moderate charge, be 
 hired at Trent. 
 
 From Trent the Adige is im- 
 inediately crossed, and the road 
 winds up by the detached rock 
 mid military jiost. Verruca, keep¬ 
 ing it on the rt., to a narrow 
 
 Defile, which penetrates the 
 limestone cliffs to the W. At its 
 further exit is a 
 
 Fort, and then the rd. bears 3 m. 
 round to 1,, over the hill, a rich 
 valley opening to view, rt, with 
 the small lake of Terlago at its 
 northern end, at the foot of 
 Mte. Gazza. 
 
 Vezzano {Inn, Corona). [Hero 5 m. 
 a jiath over a ridge leads N. to 
 vill. and lake of Molveno (Ete. 
 
 220 A). The view of the lake, 
 with the Brenta dolomites oppo¬ 
 site, is magnificent. Track down 
 to Molveno requires a guide. A 
 path beyond leads N. into Vai di 
 Non.] 
 
 Turning sharp to S., the rd. 
 descends by Padernione to the 
 pretty 
 
 Lago Doblino, in midst of5 ni. 
 which rises a picturesque Castle, 
 with forked battlements, which 
 stopped the advance of Italian 
 revolutionists in 1849, Belongs 
 to Count Wolkenstein. Ask for 
 Vino Santo. 
 
 Post omnibuses meet here from three 
 points. 
 
 The rd. presently reaches the 
 hamlet of 
 
 Le Sarohe (a poor Inn), Here 3 m, 
 the river Sarca issues from a 
 deep gorge to the rt., and the 
 
255 
 
 llte. 2W.—TRENT to EDOLO 
 
 25G 
 
 traveller follows its course the 
 rest of the way. 
 
 [A difficult mule-track was till 
 1846 the only means of penetrat- 
 ing by this gorge to the romantic 
 district of the Giudicaria; now 
 a good rd. conquers the defile, 
 and in 6 ni., through tvonderfid 
 scenery, leads to Baths of Comano; 
 then leaving Stenico on a height 
 to rt., readies, 10 m. further, Tione, 
 delightfully picturesque, whence 
 Riva can he reached by Storo, a 
 fine circuit; see Rte. 220 a.J 
 
 The valley is defaced with 
 deffiris till after 
 
 Rte. 220.— TRENT to EDOLO, 
 by the VaUeys of NON and 
 SOLE, and Pass of MONTE 
 TONALE. 
 
 TRENT to 
 
 Cles, Val di Non. 
 
 Male, Val di Sole. 
 
 Fusine, head of Val di Sole. . 
 Ponte di Legno, Val Camonica 
 Edolo. 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 . 27 
 . 10 
 
 . IO|^ 
 
 . 14 
 
 • 14 
 
 3 in. Pietra Murata is passed, when 
 it somewhat recovers its fertility, 
 but is bounded W. by limestone 
 cliffs, and E. by arid hills. 
 
 The cliffs end in a lofty crag, 
 holding the romantic - looking 
 castle of 
 
 9 m. Arco, town of 2000 Inhab., 
 occupied in culture of the silk¬ 
 worm. Noted for its peaches. 
 Castle built 1175. The rd. now 
 deserts the river, and crosses a 
 rich plam at foot of the most 
 picturesque mountains, boundiim 
 it on the W., to 
 
 3 m. Riva {Inn, Sole, good); see 
 llte. 218. 
 
 The Sarca enters the lake more 
 to the E., and issuing from it at 
 the S. extremity, close to Peschiera, 
 becomes the Mincio, Virgil’s 
 stream, and the 3rd NaiDoleon’s 
 difficulty. 
 
 754 
 
 Stelhvagen daily, from Trent to Cles, in 
 7 hrs., and in summer to IMale and Baths 
 of Rabbi, from San Michele stat., 10 m. 
 above Trent. No public conveyance over 
 Mte. Tonale; rd. indifferent on the Italian 
 side, but practicable for light carriages. 
 
 A pedestrian had better start from San 
 Micliele fetat. N, of Lavis, He will reach 
 Mezzo Lombardo in 4 hr.; Cles, 4 hrs.; 
 Fusine, foot of Tonale Pass, 7 hrs. (Baths 
 of Pejo, 24 hrs.).' 
 
 Travellers from Botzen and N. can 
 either leave the rail, at Salurn and cross 
 the Adige by a bridge to Deutschmetz, or, 
 if pedestrians, continue to San Michele 
 stat., where an omnibus waits. 
 
 This route, interesting in itself, 
 opens up a great deal of very ro¬ 
 mantic scenery on either side, and 
 in conjunction with the Pass of 
 Apica, beyond Edolo (Rte. 231), 
 oflers an excellent variation of 
 route for travellers retm-ning from 
 the Venetian territories to Swit¬ 
 zerland, and the best means by 
 which a pedestrian in South 
 Tyi-ol can reach the Stelvio (Rte. 
 214.) 
 
 The valleys of Non and Sole 
 (Germ. Nonsbergand Sulzberg— 
 Naunia of Pliny) are properly 
 one valley, as they are traversed 
 by one stream, the Noce or Nos- 
 bach, descending from the S. 
 
257 
 
 258 
 
 me. 220 .—TRENT to EBOLO. VAL BI NON. 
 
 side of the Orteler group above 
 Pejo, and joining the Adige at 
 San Michele, above Trent. A 
 remarkable bend in its course, 
 however, gives occasion to the 2 
 designations : the upper portion 
 running W. to E. is the Val di 
 Sole ; the lower, almost due S., is 
 the Val di Non, 
 
 The Val di Non is very singu¬ 
 lar, being more a succession of 
 uplands and ravines than a valley 
 (the stream flowing deep in a 
 cleft). These uplands are crowd¬ 
 ed with villages and old castles. 
 Several of the latter, now in ruins, 
 are the original seats of well- 
 known noble families. The genial 
 climate has favoured population, 
 and made the valley a favourite 
 retreat of the Trentines during the 
 summer. Silk of excellent quality 
 is the chief production of the val¬ 
 ley, and vineyards producing wine 
 for home consumption are exten¬ 
 sive. 
 
 The Naunes (Genauni'?) are 
 mentioned as conquered Alpine 
 tribes in the triumph of Augustus; 
 they are now Italian rather than 
 German, and used to bear an ill 
 name, but the Austrian police 
 have rendered travellers perfectly 
 secure. 
 
 It is an uninteresting and dusty 
 road from Trent to 
 
 7 in. Lavis (no good Inn). Italian- 
 looking town across the Avisio, and 
 at the entrance of the Eleimser 
 Thai, here called Val Oembra. (Its 
 upper portion is the noted Val 
 Fassa among the dolomites : see 
 Rte. 2 21.) A little further is a 
 
 2 m. Ferry over the Adige, by 
 which a carriage can cross, and a 
 rather pleasant country road bears 
 towards 
 
 Kp. Tijr. & Alps. 
 
 Mezzo-Lomhardo (Germ. Wal-Im. 
 schmetz) {Inn, Corona, fair, and 
 pleasant place to dine; Aquila 
 Nera; Eosa), Italian vill,, 2216 
 Inhab. Old ch. of St. Peter on 
 mountain above; and castle of 
 Will schmetz commands entrance 
 of i)ass beyond. 
 
 [Here the road from Salurn 
 comes in, hy which travellers from 
 Botzen can arrive (though they 
 had better take rail to San Mi¬ 
 chele and omnibus from thence, 
 
 2 m.). From Salurn the rd. 
 crosses by a bridge over the 
 Adige, and reaches Mezzo Te- 
 deseo (Deutschmetz), 6 m,, 1100 
 Inhab,, at foot * of the limestone 
 clifts, with a castle, the highest 
 building in the vill. In a cave 
 in the faee of the precipice above 
 are the ruins of the former strong¬ 
 hold of its owners, the Castle of 
 Kronmetz. A bridge across the 
 Noce leads to Mezzo Lombardo. 
 These two places, as their names 
 imply, formerly marked the re¬ 
 spective limits of the German and 
 Italian populations. It is not 
 necessary, however, to cross the 
 Noce, as there is a rd. on 1 . bank 
 as well.] 
 
 The gorge of the Noce, up 
 which the rd. lies, leads to 
 
 The Pass of Rochetta, a grand 
 scene. The rd. crosses the 
 stream twice. A tower on a pro¬ 
 jecting rock is 11 Visione, of 
 Roman origin, and a noted signal- 
 post; at the upper exit of the 
 gorge is 
 
 A Fort, and the broad Val di 2 m. 
 Non opens out, the rd. climbing 
 the uplands on 1.; several vills, 
 lie further to 1. and at foot of the 
 mountains. There is a deserted 
 castle at Spor, and northward in 
 succession are Belfort, Bellasio, 
 
 K 
 
259 Bte. 220 .—TB.ENT to EDOLO. VAL DI NON. 
 
 260 
 
 and La Corona, the latter in a 
 cave and inaccessible. 
 
 [A very rough rd., not pass¬ 
 able for carriages, leads from this 
 end of Val di Non through the Val 
 Sporreggio, passing vills. of Spor 
 and Cavidago, then over a ridge, 
 and by the dried-up lake of Ando! o, 
 descending through rich woods to 
 Lago Molveno, 5 hrs. fi’om Mezzo 
 Lombardo, a lovely bit of scen¬ 
 ery. Thence the valley of the 
 Sarca can be gained by crossing 
 the Mte. Gazza ridge S.E. to 
 Vezzano; or continuing along 
 the cart-rd, S. over the Molveno 
 Pass to Stenico or the Batlts of 
 Comano, in 4 hrs. (Kte. 220A.) 
 
 Also from the Austrian fort 
 a rd. keeps on the E. side of the 
 Val di Non to Fondo, at its fur¬ 
 thest northern extremity.] 
 
 4 m. Denno is reached after a con¬ 
 siderable climb, and the views 
 begin to expand. The dolomite 
 peaks of the Brenta Alta, above 
 Molveno, seen S.W. (Across the 
 valley to the E. are seen the exten¬ 
 sive plantations and castle of 
 Thun, founded 1194, and cradle 
 of the family of that name. 
 Splendid view from its terrace.) 
 
 Flavon follows; and after a 
 wide sweep round a ravine and 
 long ascent, the vill. of 
 
 5 m. Tueno, on a commanding emi¬ 
 nence. The Noce rushes unseen 
 in a deep chasm, and the eye 
 ranges over the undulating E. 
 side of the valley, divided by ra¬ 
 vines, and studded with villages 
 and castles. 
 
 3 m. Cles (Ecclesia) (Inns; Aquila; 
 Corona d’Oro, good, but beware 
 of extortion) dates from Roman 
 
 times ; chief place of valley, but 
 of small extent; pleasantly situ¬ 
 ated. Much silk and hemp about, 
 and several mills. Ch. on site of 
 a ternple of Saturn. 5 min. walk 
 to hill (Poggio) called Dos di 
 Pez gives a fine view. 
 
 Excursion: 5 m. E. of Cles, on 
 opposite side of valley, reached 
 from the road to Fondo, is the 
 Sanctuary of Bomedio —singular 
 chapel and hermitage, on top of 
 a precipitous promontory, ap¬ 
 proached by steps and through 5 
 chapels ; dates from 1135 ; a great 
 place of pilgrimage. 
 
 fr/ie route to Meran, 12 hrs., is 
 by Fondo, 9 m. of rd., lately 
 reported to be bad, to N.E. of Cles. 
 Lin poor, but mules can be hired 
 there; thence is a continuous 
 ascent, passing the hamlet of 
 Unsre Frau, to the Gampen 
 Pass, 2 hrs. (Inn). SjDlendid 
 view (Rte. 220.) It is 7 hrs. 
 more to Meran. The pedestrian 
 will find a pleasant way by Ober 
 Lana and Marling to Meran.] 
 
 \_The Boute to Butzen over the 
 Mendola —a mule-track—strikes 
 off also from Fondo by the 
 vill. of Rufredo (curious sanc¬ 
 tuary of San Romedio may be 
 visited on the way from Cles; 
 or Rufredo can be reached, turn¬ 
 ing off* at Romeno, if the tra¬ 
 veller does not depend upon 
 mules at Fondo). The ascent 
 is not great to Pass of the Mend- 
 elscharte (view magnificent), nor 
 the descent difficult to Kaltern, 
 
 4 hrs. from Fondo, where a 
 vehicle can be hired, 10 m. to 
 Botzen, charming drive (see Rtes. 
 220A and 217.] 
 
 Beyond Cles the rd. swoci^s 
 round W. by Chapel St. Chiatar, 
 
262 
 
 261 Rte. 220 .—TRENT to EDOLO. VAL DI SOLE. 
 
 fine view, and descends abruptly 
 to the 
 
 3 m. Bridge over the Noce, where 
 it flows in a deep ravine at en¬ 
 trance of Vcd di Sole. 
 
 This valley, a long trough, is 
 of more Alpine character than 
 that of the Non. The scenery 
 is not remarkable but for the 
 glimpses up the side valleys. The 
 rd. leads pleasantly through 
 meadows and orchards, and pass¬ 
 ing entrance of Val di Kabbi, to 
 
 16 m. Male (Inn: Corona, Bortolou’s, 
 tolerable, but given to over¬ 
 charges ; there is another, lo min. 
 beyond the townW., of good pro¬ 
 mise). Chief town of Val di Sole, 
 and of busy appearance. 
 
 [The Baths of Rabbi (4 Inns; 
 A 1 Fonte and II Palazzo the best; 
 charges, 3 fl. per day, paper), 
 4000 ft. above sea, and much fre¬ 
 quented, are reached by a char- 
 rd. up the Val di Rabbi, 8 m. 
 from Male. The rd. turns off 
 about I m. E. of Male, passes 
 through Magras, and keeps the 
 1 . bank of the Rabbles torrent to 
 St. Bernardo, crossing after to rt. 
 bank. A shorter and pleasanter 
 way for a ^pedestrian is a path 
 mounting steeply from Male and 
 pursuing the rt. bank of the 
 stream for 2 hrs., when it crosses 
 to the other bank, and follows 
 the other route through St. Ber¬ 
 nardo. 
 
 The situation of the Baths is 
 fine for excursions, being in near 
 neighbourhood of the S.E. side 
 of the Orteler group, of which 
 the Venezia Spitze, 11,097 ft., 
 is here the prominent member 
 {see Rte. 214A). There is a 
 path to Pejo W., by which Sta. 
 Catarina may be reached (Rte. 
 
 2 24a). The fine scenery of the 
 Martel Thai may be visited by 
 a laborious pass over the Gramser 
 glacier, due N. from Rabbi, and 
 some way E. of the Venezia 
 Spitze, 6 hrs, to a good moun¬ 
 taineer, and 2 hrs. further to a 
 small Inn at Gond {see Rte. 2x3.) 
 
 Meran, about 40 m. distant, 
 may be reached through the very 
 pleasing scenery of the UUen 
 Thai, in which are the Baths of 
 Mitterbad, much frequented by 
 the Tyrolese, and with fair ac¬ 
 commodation. St. Gertrud, high¬ 
 est vill.in Ulten Thai, is reached 
 in 5 hrs. from Rabbi; Mitterbad 
 in 4^ more. At St. Pankraz, 
 hr., the valley becomes very pic¬ 
 turesque. Meran is 4 hrs. fur¬ 
 ther tln-ough Ober Lana and Mar¬ 
 ling (Rte. 213 .)] 
 
 Preson. Opposite this, across the 2 
 valley, is Dimaro, at the entrance 
 of the Val di Selva. 
 
 [Up this^ picturesque valley is 
 an easy bridle-track over a low 
 pass into the noble scenery of 
 Val Rendena and the Giudicaria 
 {see Rte. 220 a).] 
 
 The scenery of the valley is 
 now simply pleasing. Several 
 villages are passed thi’ough; 
 
 Pelizzano is the most consider- 7 
 able, and hero there is a fine 
 opening N., the Val di Pejo, which 
 displays the snowy range of Mte. 
 Tresero. The river Noce, rising at 
 its base, flows through this valley, 
 which is therefore the true head 
 of the Val di Sole. It is perhaps 
 better to halt at 
 
 Fusine {Inn, honest though 1 1 
 homely; far better sleep here than 
 at Ponte di Legno beyond). A 
 ruined castle near affords a fine 
 view. 
 
 K 2 
 
2GB 
 
 Txte. ‘120.~-TEF.NT to EDOLO. 
 
 2G4 
 
 ' [Up the Val di Pejo are the 
 Baths of that name; rough, and 
 closed in August, but in a fine 
 situation, and past which is the 
 route to the more noted Baths of 
 Sta. Catarina, near Bormio (see 
 Kte. 214 A.] 
 
 Ascending from Fusine up a 
 valley called Val Vermiglio, which 
 falls in line with that of Val Sole, 
 the noble range of the Presanella 
 begins to display its snowy sum¬ 
 mits on the 1 . This is part of 
 the Adamello group, the great 
 southern counterpart to that of 
 the Orteler, the Tonale pass lying 
 between the two. 
 
 Vermiglio or Pizzano (Inn) is 
 the last vilh, and passports are 
 looked at. A Fort defends a 
 higher reach of road, which after 
 passing a Cantoniera climbs the 
 last slope by easy gradients to 
 the 
 
 9 m. Summit (6483 ft.): near it to 
 rt. a small Inn. It is a bleak 
 highland-looking waste, the scene 
 of sanguinary combats with the 
 Venetians in 1509; with the 
 French in 1799 and 1809; and 
 Italian Revolutionists in 1848. 
 (Here at present the fine Austrian 
 rd. ends abruptly, and a tract 
 of broken ground must be passed 
 to reach the old Italian rd. on 
 the rt.) ■ 
 
 The chief interest of the view 
 lies in the snow masses to the h, 
 now extending from Monte Pis- 
 cana, close to the pass S.E., to¬ 
 wards the Adamello itself. 
 
 The Descent in a short time 
 becomes extremely steep, and 
 down a succession of zigzags into 
 Val Camonica, at the head of 
 which lies 
 
 Ponte di Legno (Inn very 5 m. 
 poor, capable of coffee, an ome¬ 
 lette, and beds if necessary). 
 
 [A path direct N. from here up 
 the course of theOglio (truehead 
 of Val Camonica) leads over the 
 Gavia pass to Sta. Catarina and 
 Bormio {see Rte. 214 a).] 
 
 [It is possible to climb the 
 mtns. S. and over glaciers rt. of 
 ]\Ite. Piscana, into the beautiful 
 FaZ di Genova, and to Pinzolo in 
 Val Rendena, in one long day.J 
 
 The road down the Val Camo¬ 
 nica passes several vilages, and 
 through tame scenery but for oc¬ 
 casional peeps of the lofty range 
 to the 1., one of which occurs a 
 little below Pontagna up 
 
 Val d’Avio, at head of which, 
 and foot of Mte. Avio, is a small 
 lake in the grand neighbourhood 
 of the Adamello. 
 
 Vezza is at the entrance of FaZ 
 Grande N., ascending towards 
 ]Mte. Gavia and closed by a 
 glacier. 
 
 [On opposite side of the Oglio 
 S. is FaZ Paghera, known as Val 
 Aviolo. At its head are two great 
 outworks of the Adamello group, 
 the Cima di Pornina and C. di 
 Baitone.] 
 
 At Incudine the ' beauty for 10 m. 
 which the valley is famed begins 
 to appear, and the descent is 
 charming to 
 
 Edolo {Inns : Leone, decent; 4 m. 
 Due Mori, near the bridge, dear ; 
 
 Post\ a small town most pictur¬ 
 esquely situated, and with many 
 delightful walks about it {see Rte. 
 
 231). 
 
 [The traveller bound for tlie 
 Spliigen or Como ascends by 
 a good rd. to Pass of Aprica, 
 
2 G 5 Ele. 220 A.— 3 IERAN to BRESCIA by VAL RENDENA. 260 
 
 12 m. {Inn on tlie summit), and 
 gains a magnificent view over 
 the Valtel line in descending to 
 Tresenda, 5 m. (poor Inn). Son- 
 drio (excellent Inns) is 13 m. fur¬ 
 ther {see Etes. 231 and 214). 
 
 The road to Brescia, down Val 
 Camonica and by the beautiful 
 Lago Iseo, is described Kte. 231.] 
 
 Rte. 220 A. —MERAN or 
 ROTZEN to BRESCIA, by 
 VAL RENDENA and the 
 GIUDICARIA. 
 
 jyiERAN to 
 Fondo, Val di Non 
 
 BO rZEN to 
 Fondo .... 
 
 Malfe, Val di Sole . 
 
 Pinzolo, Val Ptendena 
 Tione .... 
 
 Vestone .... 
 
 Brescia .... 
 
 Portions of this route can only be 
 taken by a pedestrian, or on horseback, 
 but they are easy. For the most part it 
 is traversed by a carriage rd., and by 
 public vehicles. 
 
 This route runs through one of 
 the most picturesque, though 
 hitherto least visited, of the dis¬ 
 tricts of South Tyrol, and brings 
 the traveller acquainted with the 
 most southern of the great snow 
 masses of the Alps, named from 
 its principal summit the Ada- 
 mello group, lying directly S. of 
 the Orteler group, and sending 
 down two considerable streams, 
 
 KXG. Sr. HKS. 
 . 22 9 
 
 . 18 7 
 
 . 19 6 
 
 . 19 7 
 
 . 10 
 
 . 32 
 
 the Sarca and the Chiese, the 
 former flowing into the Lago di 
 Garda, and the latter joining in 
 the Italian plain the Oglio, flow¬ 
 ing from 'Lago dTseo. This 
 range is granite ; but a remark¬ 
 able mountain mass, the Brenta 
 Alta, directly parallel with it on 
 the E., is dolomite, and displays 
 some of the grandest character¬ 
 istics of that singular formation. 
 The Val di Rendena, the chief 
 object of our route, lies between the 
 two, and is full of interest. 
 
 For a pedestrian on his way 
 westward tlirough Tyrol to Lom¬ 
 bardy, there could scarcely be a 
 better course. If he come from 
 Switzerland, he sliould combine 
 with this the pass of the Stelvio, 
 striking off above Meran (Rte. 
 214), and at Bormio following 
 the path over the Gavia pass, 
 or that of the Corno dei tre Sig¬ 
 nori, to Male, Rte. 214 a. If he 
 have crossed the Oetzthal mts. 
 from Innsbruck, he will have 
 arrived at Aleran, and can follow 
 the ist route here laid down. If 
 he is from Eastern Tyrol, Botzen 
 will be his point of departure. 
 
 In any case, AlaU, in Val di Sole, 
 must be his first object, and this 
 l^lace can also be easily reached 
 by carnage either from the valley 
 of the Adige by the Val di Non, 
 
 Rte. 220, or from the Bormio 
 route by way of Edolo, and Mte. 
 Tonale, Etes. 231 and 220. 
 
 Meran.—Drive round by Burg- 
 stall, on the Botzen road, to cross 
 the Adige by a bridge there, or 
 walk by Marling, an agreeable 
 path, to 
 
 Unter Lana, near entrance of 7 m. 
 the Vlten Thai; thence climb the 
 hill to Vollan, and up the short 
 valley beyond, to 
 
267 Me. 220 a.-^MEEAN to BRESCIA hj VAL BENDENA. 208 
 
 5 m. Platzers. It is not far from 
 here to tho 
 
 2 m. Summit of the Kampen or 
 Gampen Pass (comfortable moun¬ 
 tain Inn reported there): splendid 
 view both ways. [Another way 
 to the summit from Unter Lana 
 leads by Tisens and Gfrill, keeping 
 the wooded hill, the “ Gall,” on 
 the rt .3 A short way below is 
 
 1 m. Unsere Liebe Frau im Walde. 
 
 •—Italian, Senale. {Inn.) The 
 hamlet of 
 
 4 m. Trett affords a very extensive 
 view over the Valdi Non, and the 
 descent is rapid to 
 
 3 m. Fondo {Inn, poor), a large 
 village, where a good road com¬ 
 mences. Ohs. two old castles 
 of the Thun family, large pro¬ 
 prietors of the Val di Non. 
 
 [From Botzen to Fondo is a 
 shorter journey. There is a car¬ 
 riage-road for a longer distance, 
 and the route is finer. Drive by 
 way of Sigmundskron and valley 
 of Eppan to Kaltern, lo m. 
 Thence it is a steep mule-path 
 over the fine limestone range of 
 the Mendola (noble views, in¬ 
 cluding the dolomites of Val 
 Fassa) (J/iw just beyond summit), 
 and by vill. of Eufredo to Fondo, 
 4 hrs. i 8 m.): highest point of the 
 Mendola is to 1 . (S.), Mte. Koen, 
 6919 ft., and can be ascended from 
 Rufredo. From Mendola Inn a 
 shorter way to Cles is by Romeno, 
 1 |- hr., thence to Cles 2 hrs. See 
 Rtes. 220 and 217.] 
 
 [The pedestrian instead of pass¬ 
 ing through Fondo may descend 
 from Rufredo by Amblar, to the 
 curious sanctuary of Romedio, a 
 great place of pilgrimage, and 
 
 well worth visiting. Thence he 
 can fall into the road to Cles. 
 
 See Rte. 220.] 
 
 From Fondo it is a good road to 
 
 Cles {Inns : Aquila; Corona 9 m. 
 d’Oro. See Rte. 220). 
 
 Male, Val di Sole. {Inn: 10 m. 
 Corona, Bortolon, dear.) There is 
 a fair-looking Inn between Male 
 and 
 
 Preson, where a car-road 2^ m. 
 diverges and crosses the Noce to 
 
 Diniaro (a clean Inn), at en- a m. 
 trance of Val di Selva, and near 
 the junction of the Melledro with 
 the Noce. A rough bridle-track 
 thence, mounting rapidly, takes 
 first E. side of the stream, then 
 crosses to the thickly wooded W. 
 side, and (leaving the branch of 
 the valley leading to the back of 
 Mte. Spiiiale on 1 .) climbs to the 
 
 Summit of the Ginevrie Pass, 
 whence is a short descent to 
 
 Maria di Campiglio, a pil- 8 m. 
 grimage ch. (largo Inn, rough but 
 clean, one good bedroom, and 
 several inferior ones). [Mfe. Spi- 
 nale, E., ending in a long wall to 
 S., and offering a noble view, can 
 be ascended from this in 2 hrs. 
 
 On the W. is Mte. Ritorto, easily 
 reached, and a fine view.] 
 
 Descent is easy, and by a 
 good horse-rd. to 
 
 Val Nambino, along which the 2 m. 
 track continues at a considerable 
 height, commanding, as from a 
 terrace, extremely fine views. The 
 dolomite range of the BrentaAlta 
 begins to display itself 1. soon 
 
269 Bte. 220 k.—MEBAN to BBESCIA bij VAL BEND ENA. 270 
 
 I 
 
 after leaving Oampiglio. TheCma 
 di Nodis, 10,433 > first comes 
 
 t into sight, and then (after romid- 
 i ng Mte. Spinale) the next highest 
 summit, more to the N., called 
 the Ohna Tosa, both with snow 
 on their summits, and glaciers in 
 j their hollows. Between them is 
 I a wild array of pinnacles, and a 
 |l remarkable gap, the Bocca di 
 Brenta; a short valley, the Val 
 di Brenta, is seen leading ujd to it. 
 On the rt., or S.W., presently 
 appear the vast snow-fields of 
 the Mte. Levade, and Care Alto, 
 portions of the Adamello group. 
 
 3 m. Hamlet and Chapel of S. 
 Antonio. The descent is now 
 abrupt towards the junction of 
 the Namhrone valley (descending 
 ‘from the N.W., and the E. face 
 of the snowy Presanelia) with the 
 Nambino. At the bottom of the 
 descent the Nambino torrent is 
 crossed, and the track continues 
 along its 1. bank, easy walking, 
 passing by the entrance to 
 
 Val Nainbrone, W. Presently, 
 on the opposite side the stream, 
 is seen the village of Caresolo, the 
 first hamlet of 
 
 Val Rendena. Shortly after is 
 passed rt. the ancient cii. of San 
 Vigilio (see below}, and then the 
 traveller enters 
 
 3m. Pinzolo. (Inn: Bonapace’s, 
 to 1 . after passing ch. and Plaza; 
 
 3 bedrooms, and tolerable coun¬ 
 try accommodation; extra room, 
 clean, to be had next door.) 
 Omnibus every morning at 6 to 
 Tione. This village is situated a 
 little above the junction of the 
 Nambino witli the Sarca. The 
 latter issues opposite Pinzolo, W. 
 from the Val di Genova, and 
 
 flows hence with an extremely 
 sinuous and picturesque course 
 into the Lago di Garda. There 
 are 2 remarhahle churches near 
 Pinzolo. ist, J m. on the road to 
 Campiglio is San Vigilio, covered 
 with frescoes on the S. side repre¬ 
 senting the Dance of Death, date 
 1536, and of considerable merit. 
 "Within they are destroyed, ex¬ 
 cepting in the chancel, where they 
 illustrate the life of the saint. 
 2nd. San Stefano, a small, very 
 ancient ch., on a rock at the 
 entrance of Val di Genova, which 
 has also frescoes on one side, 
 legends of St. Stefano, and Tri¬ 
 umph of Death, date 1519 . The 
 interior (key at Oaresolo) records 
 in an inscription its foundation 
 by Charlemagne, who, with 4000 
 knights, destroyed 7 Pagan castles 
 in the valle3% and erected as many 
 churches. A fresco represents his 
 l^resence at a baptism, and other 
 curious ones bear date 1461 . 
 
 Pinzolo is in the midst of a fine 
 circle of 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 (a) The Val di Genova, W., only 
 recently penetrated by cart-tracks 
 for the sake of its dense forests, 
 leads up on the S. side of the 
 Presanelia, between it and the 
 Adamello portion of the grouj) to 
 the S. It displays a succession 
 of noble waterfalls. The entrance 
 is reached by the rough road 
 through the chestnut wood leading 
 to the little ch. of St. Stefano, 
 which is passed on the 1 . The 
 cascade of Nardis, r hr. from Pin- 
 zolo, pours down magnificently on 
 the rt., coming from one of the 
 glaciers of the Presanelia. i hr. 
 more brings to the falls of Laris, 
 in 3 great leaps, on the S. side of 
 tlie valley. Here are saw-mills, 
 
271 Bte. 220 a.—MEJRAN to BRESCIA hy VAL BENDENA. 272 
 
 and a rise in the level of the 
 valley, i hr. further is Tedesco, 
 a few houses inhabited only in 
 summer. The valley bends N.W. 
 till, at a i^oint where the Sarca 
 makes a succession of falls, it 
 turns sharply to S.AV., and closes 
 amidst magnificent scenery, of 
 which 2 fine glaciers form a part. 
 There are 2 herdsmen’s stations 
 here, Bedole and Venezia, and 
 either would supply quarters for an 
 ascent of the Adamello, 11,83 2 ft., 
 which lies back on the S., or for a 
 passage of the Col beside Mte. 
 Pisgana (a western buttress of 
 the Presanella), into Val Oamo- 
 nica at Ponte di Legno. 
 
 [The ascent of the Adamello was 
 first accomplished by J. Payer, 
 Austrian lieut., 1864, and in the 
 following year Mr. Tuckett and 
 party, after sleeping at the Bedole 
 Malga, at head of Val di Genova, 
 climbed the surrounding clifls 
 on the S. W,, crossed to the 1 . bank 
 of the Bedole glacier, and as¬ 
 cended this to foot of the final 
 peak, the summit of which was 
 reached by the E.N.E. arete in 
 20 min. more. View of enor¬ 
 mous extent and great inte¬ 
 rest, from the Grivola on one 
 side, to the Gross Glockner on 
 the other. Descent was made 
 by the Val di Miller and Val di 
 Malga to Edolo in Val Camonica. 
 6J hrs. up, and 6 hrs. down. 
 
 [The ascent of the Presanella, 
 the most northern member of the 
 Adamello group, and theprincipal 
 feature of the Tonale Pass, was 
 made by Mr. Freshfield in 1863, 
 from the Tonale side, in 7 J hrs. ; 
 he descended by the Val Genova 
 to Pinzolo in 6 hrs.; the track up 
 by the waterfall of Nardis, or the 
 head of Val Nambrone, would 
 probably offer routes as feasible,] 
 
 (&) Tile Lake of San Giuliano (a 
 
 mountain tarn), 4 hrs. from Pin¬ 
 zolo, is reached by a glen half 
 way between the waterfalls of 
 Nardis and Ijaris, on the S. side 
 of Val di Genova. Return may 
 be made in 3 hrs, by a steep 
 and direct descent to Pinzolo. 
 
 (c) Madonna di Campiglio, al¬ 
 ready noticed, affords a charming 
 day’s excursion: with it might 
 be combined an ascent of Mte. 
 Spinale, E., or, to the W., that of 
 Alte. Bitorto. 
 
 {d) The Val di Agnola, E., open¬ 
 ing hr. above Pinzolo, in the 
 ValNambino, offers a picturesque 
 approach to the grand dolomite 
 precqiices of the Brenta Alta, and 
 tlie return to Pinzolo may be 
 effected by a glen called Brenta 
 dell’ Orso, descending into Val 
 Rendena, a little below Pinzolo. 
 
 (e) The Bocca di Brenta is, how¬ 
 ever, the most remarkable object 
 in the neighbourhood. It is a 
 great gateway between two spires 
 of dolomite, a range of which, 
 fantastically varied, extends from 
 the Cima Tosa,* tlie chief dolo¬ 
 mite mass oil the N., to the Cima 
 di Nodis, or Brenta Alta, 10,450 
 ft. on the S., the highest of the 
 group. The way to it is by the 
 village of San Antonio, and thence 
 down to a saw-mill on the Nam- 
 bino stream, at the entrance of 
 the Val di Brenta, 15 hr. from 
 Pinzolo. Ascending this valley 
 through woods and pastm-es, and 
 passing a Malga, the foot of a 
 range of clitfs is reached, which 
 are climbed by a scrambling path 
 to rt., when an upper plateau of 
 the valley is entered upon, and 
 the Bocca is seen in front, with 
 the Cima di Nodis rising in a vast 
 tower “ like the Matterhorn ” on 
 the id. From its recesses to the S. 
 
 * This name is by some confined to 
 the Brenta Alta. 
 
BOCCA DI BRENTA. From a Sketch by F. Tuckett, Esq. 
 
275 Rte. 220 a.—MEBAN to BRESCIA hj VAL RENDENA. 27G 
 
 “ rolls out a long glacier ribbon,” 
 which leads to the Bocca dei 
 Camozzi. The Pinzolo guides 
 have more than once misled 
 travellers by taking them to this, 
 which is no pass over the main 
 ridge, and ends only among im¬ 
 possible precipices. To reach the 
 true Bocca, after passing a malga, 
 or herd-hut, there is a long ascent 
 among creeping pine and rocks to 
 the foot of a long slope of snow', 
 up which is a tedious climb, to 
 the singular gap, 15 ft. wide at 
 bottom, which forms the Bocca. 
 
 [Through the Bocca di Brenta 
 lies the Avay to Lago Alolceno. 
 The descent leads in about i hr., 
 turning 1 ., to the Malga dei 
 Vitelli, the highest herd-hut on 
 that side. I5 more, down a rough 
 cattle-track to 1., leads into the 
 head of Val delle Seghe, full of 
 rich beech forest, and surrounded 
 by magnificent dolomite preci¬ 
 pices; a fair path will be found 
 on the 1. bank of the stream 
 through charming glades, but in 
 1^ hr. it crosses to rt. bank, 
 and passes through saw-mills, 
 before, in |hr., reaching ilfoZmzo, 
 and its small l3ut beautiful lake. 
 (Bough Inn, with decent beds, 
 Giacomo’s.) An interesting path 
 through very solitary scenery 
 leads hence, S., in 5 hrs., by Mu- 
 lina and Villa to Baths of Comano, 
 on the carriage-road to Trent or 
 Eiva; or, turning N., the traveller 
 can reach the Val di Non in 
 4 hrs. by Andolo and the Val 
 Sporreggio. See Etes. 219 and 
 220. Ascent of the Brenta Alta 
 was first made by Messrs. Ball 
 and Forster from Molveno, in 
 1865.] 
 
 [The Val Dalcon is reached by 
 a pleasant path climbing the hill 
 above Giustino, a little below Pin¬ 
 zolo, E. 2 hrs. to summit, and 
 
 2 hrs. descent through the woody 
 solitary valley to its exit in the 
 striking gorge of the Sarca. A 
 romantic path, at a great height 
 above the stream, here conducts 
 to Stenico: see below.] 
 
 Below Pinzolo the scenery of the 
 Val Eendena is not remarkable, 
 though pleasing. The carriage- 
 road keeps on E. side of stream 
 for a short distance, then crosses a 
 
 Bridge, and keeps to the 2 m. 
 W. side (a country road also 
 traverses the 1. bank for some 
 distance). Villages are munerous. 
 
 Strembo is soon passed (whence 1 m. 
 a possible path to the Lago di S. 
 Giuliano). At 
 
 Pieve di Eendena is the prin -1 m. 
 cipal ch. of the valley; and J m. 
 beyond, an ancient ch., with 
 curious frescoes on S. side, marks 
 the site of the martyrdom of St. 
 Vigilius, Bishop of Trent, a.d. 
 
 405, and first Chiistian missionary 
 to these parts, 
 
 Pelugo is at opening of Vail m. 
 Borzago, W., penetrating to the 
 glaciers of the Care Alto, 11,35 2 ft., 
 the most southern snow-peak of 
 the Adamello block (first ascended 
 in 1865 by Messrs. Taylor and 
 Montgomery from this direction). 
 
 Vigo ; a fair-looking Inn. 1 m. 
 
 Villa. [FaZ Valentino opens W., m. 
 leads to S. of Care Alto, and offers 
 a path to the FaZ di Fum. See 
 below.] Valley bends S.E.; road 
 keeps on wooded slopes, with 
 charming views, to 
 
 Tione {Inns: Cavallo Bianco, 2| m. 
 new house, good rooms; Corona, 
 
277 Rie. 220 k.—MERAN to BRESCIA hj VAL REND ENA. 278 
 
 fair and reasonable.) Omnibus 
 daily at 4 aft. to Pinzolo. Sur¬ 
 rounded by veiy picturesque 
 scenery. This is the chief place 
 of Val Kendena, and also of the 
 district called Giudicaria, Tvhich 
 extends N. up to Pinzolo; S. to 
 Condino, on the Chiese; E. to 
 Stenico, on the Sarca. Its name 
 is derived from the ancient pos¬ 
 session of certain rights, and a 
 separate administration. At Tione 
 the Sarca makes an abiupt turn 
 N.E., rushing through two (jrand 
 defiles before falling into the 
 broad valley, by which it descends 
 to the Lago di Garda. 
 
 [A good rd. follows the Sarca. 
 It is a specimen of admirable en¬ 
 gineering, and offers very striking 
 scenery. Omnibus daily to Le 
 Sarche, 18 m., where it meets 
 otliers to Trent and Riva. Rd. 
 lirst keeps on S. side, through a 
 populous country, then enters a 
 detile, crosses to 1. b.uik, where the 
 torrents are ingeniously carried 
 both over and under the road, 
 crosses again, and the Castle of 
 Stenieo comes in sight high on N. 
 side, with a picturesque torrent 
 rushing down the mountain. 
 (There is a fair Inn near 
 the castle at this romantic vill., 
 reached by a steep climb, and by 
 the path from Val Dalcon; see 
 above. Ohs. Roman and medi¬ 
 eval remains.) Road recrosses 
 the Sarca, and enters opener 
 country [where near a bridge 
 (which leads to Stenico)’a coun¬ 
 try rd. leads southward by way of 
 Campo (fan Lin) and Ballino to 
 Riva, a very charming walk of 
 about 10 m.]. Then among closing 
 hills passes the Baths of Comano, 
 much frequented in summer, but 
 dear to casual travellers. (A foot¬ 
 path leads up to Villa, N., whence 
 it is 4 or 5 hrs. walk to Lago 
 
 Molveno. See above). 3 m. 
 farther the Sarca cuts its way 
 through a deep and savage gorge, 
 and the road skilfidly descends 
 to Le Sarche, and joins the post¬ 
 road from Trent to Riva, 15 ni. 
 from latter place. Rte. 219 .] 
 
 El 'om Tione our road, leaving 
 the Sarca, continues in the same 
 line of direction as the Val Ren- 
 dena, aseending the Valley of the 
 Arno on the rt. bank. 
 
 At Bondo, the Val Bregazzo, m. 
 whence the Arno flows, opens W., 
 and the Val Gavardina E. 
 
 [A pleasant path up the Val 
 Gavardina leads over a low col 
 to the beautiful Lake of Ledro. 
 
 Rte. 231 A.] 
 
 Roncone is on the watershed 2 m. 
 between the Sarca and Chiese. 
 
 At Pieve di Buoiio the Val 4: m. 
 Daone opens rt. Through it the 
 Chiese descends from the glaciers 
 at its head, there bearing the 
 naine of the Val di Fum. 
 
 [The Ved Daone, traversed by 
 a cart-road on N. side for 3 hrs!, 
 contains magnificent scenery, be¬ 
 ing a succession of gorges with 
 rocky porphyritic walls. It leads 
 to E. side of Mte. Castello, the 
 most southern member of the 
 Adamello group. Daone, near the 
 mouth, is the only village but 
 there are large saw-mills at 
 Boazze, 3 hrs., and delightful 
 scenery. Here the valley ap¬ 
 proaches Mte. Castello W., enters 
 the granite region, becomes ex¬ 
 tremely wild, and then turns to 
 the N., as Val di Fum. (Near 
 its entrance, high on the 1., is 
 Lago di Caf, known also as L. di 
 Campo; a path from this leads 
 over the pass of Mte. Campo, and 
 
279 life. 2 ^ 1 ,—TRENT to CORTINA hy THAI. 280 
 
 by another lake, L. d’ Arno, into 
 the upper part of Val Saviore, 
 and so into Val Camonica, Ete. 
 231.) The Val di Fum, passing 
 at the back of the Care Alto E., 
 penetrates nearly to the Adamello. 
 There are some herd-huts in the 
 valley 4 Jirs. from Boazze, and 
 a path over into Val Valentino 
 and Val Kendena. A snow pass 
 also lias been made from its head 
 into Val Genova.] 
 
 Descending the Chiese, the 
 scenery is delightful to 
 
 4 m. Condino. (Inns, several; Al- 
 bergo della Torre, very fair.) 
 Cliief place of the Val Bona, or 
 upper Chiesa. (Gmdicaria ends 
 here.) 
 
 Eoad keeps the rt. bank, and 
 passes 
 
 ob m. Bridge leading to Sloro. 
 
 [This is the beautiful rd. by 
 the Lago di Ledro to Eiva, de¬ 
 scribed Ete. 231 A.] 
 
 21 m. Lodrone. Frontier between 
 Austria and Italy (Douane here), 
 formed by the Calfaro. 
 
 [The valley of that name 
 (belonging to Italy) is full of 
 enchanting scenery; it is tra¬ 
 versed by a good road. At Baga- 
 lino is a country Inn; thence the 
 valley tiniis directly N. towards 
 the last summits of the granite 
 range, and from its head the pass 
 of Groce Domini leads into the 
 Val Camonica, S. of Breno.] 
 
 After passing the Swiss-looking 
 Lake of Idro, 7 m. long, the 
 traveller reaches 
 
 13 m. Vestone (Dm: Tre Spade.) 
 
 From Lodrone southwards see 
 Ete. 231 A. I 
 
 Brescia (hns : Albei‘go2l m. 
 dTtalia; Eegina dTnghilterra.) 
 
 (See Handbook N. Italy.') 
 
 Rte. 221 .—TRENT to COR¬ 
 TINA D’AMPEZZO, by the 
 FLEIMSER or FASSA THAI, 
 the FEDAIA PASS, CAPRILE, 
 and PASS of GUSELLA. 
 
 TRENT to ) 
 
 ; KNG. M. IIKS. 
 
 Neuniarkt (rail). 2ii — 
 
 Ca\ alese (dil.). j6 — 
 
 Vigo.2r — 
 
 Caprile. *.2? 10 
 
 Cortina.16 7 f 
 
 Rail to Neumarkt; carriage*rd. to 
 Cavalese in the Fleiniser Thai, and as far 
 as Campedello in Val Fassa. Bridle-tracks 
 and mountain-paths for the rest. A daily 
 Stellwagen from Neumarkt to Predazzo, 
 beyond Cavalese. j or 4 days will sutRce 
 for a pedestrian to reach Cortina, which 
 is on a good post-rd. descending to 
 Venice. 
 
 This route lies through some 
 of the most interesting dolomite 
 scenery, conducting the traveller 
 round the N. base of the Marmo- 
 lata, through the grand gorge of 
 Sottoguda, . to the foot of the 
 majestic ^Ite. Civita (where lies 
 the charming lake of Alleghe), 
 and over the Gusella pass, full of 
 striking views, to Cortina, thus 
 crossing the chief dolomite dis¬ 
 trict. 
 
 The traveller from the N. had 
 better make Botzen his starting- 
 
281 Bte. 22i.— TRF.NT to CORTINA by FAS8A THAI. 282 
 
 place, whence by tlie porphyry 
 gorges (see Kte. 217) a carriage- 
 rd. extends to Walsclienhofen, 
 10 m., and then 4 hrs. over the in¬ 
 teresting Caressa pass will bring 
 him to Vigo in the Fassa 
 Thai. For any one not in¬ 
 terested in the geology of the 
 Fleiinser Thai or the mineralo- 
 gical treasures of Predazzo, this 
 would be a better route than from 
 Trent or by Neumarkt, shorter, 
 and more varied in scenery. 
 
 The Fassa or Evas Thai, tlie 
 Fleimser or Fiemme Thai, and Val 
 Cembra or Zimmersthal are parts 
 of one long continuous valley, 
 sorne 60 m. in length, through 
 Avhich the Avisio flows, entering 
 the valley of the Adige at Lavis. 
 The above names apply respec¬ 
 tively to the upper, the middle, 
 and the lov/er portions. 
 
 From Trent it is better to take 
 the rail to Neumarkt, as the 
 rd. is dusty and straight, amidst 
 Indian corn and mulberry-trees, 
 to 
 
 Gin. Lavis (no good Inn). Here 
 the Avisio issues from Veil Cem- 
 hra. 
 
 [This valley, a mere ravine, is 
 tedious to ascend, from the pro¬ 
 digious number of lateral clefts 
 that break into it from the por¬ 
 phyry slopes on either hand, and 
 which so lengthen the way that 
 a distance of some 25 m. to 
 Cavalese is increased to nearly 
 40 m. Nevertheless, the lower 
 part is fertile and well wooded, 
 and there are many highly pic¬ 
 turesque and primitive villages 
 throughout the enthe length. 
 
 Cembra, to which there is a 
 good rd., is 3 lirs. walk from 
 Lavis, Inn: Lanzigers. Ed. ends 
 at Favra next vill., where horse- 
 
 track begins, passing through 
 Yalda, Grumes, Grauno, to 
 
 Capriana 4^ hrs. from Cembra. 
 
 Fine altarpiece in ch. Hence a 
 new^ car. rd. goes by Altrey to 
 Molina {Inn, good), and thence 
 by the lateral valley of Pradaja 
 to Curano {good Inn), ami so to 
 Cavalese. uo hrs. from Lavis.J 
 
 Neumarkt Stat. affords the 15 111. 
 readiest access to the Fleimser- 
 thal by a good rd., and daily 
 stellwagen. It passes 
 
 Montan {Inn, Lowe), where, at 3 m. 
 foot of the wooded dolomite hill, 
 the Cistonberg, stands Schloss 
 Enns. {Enna was the Latin 
 name for Neumai-kt). 
 
 At Kalditsch, or Delladizza, is 
 a fair In 7 i, usual dining-place. 
 
 [Here a new rd. comes in, 
 carried in zigzags from Auer in 
 the Adige valley (a stat. on 
 the rly.). This, therefore, is the 
 nearest way from Botzen to 
 Cavalese.] 
 
 St. Lugano (3587 ft.) is summitl m. 
 of the pass: thence the road 
 descends to 
 
 Cavalese {Ein, PUva, dear), q 
 1440 Inhab., chief place of the 
 Fleimserthal, which extends about 
 9 m. below (to Val Floriana), 
 and about 12 m. above: the 
 ancient Gothic ch. on a height is 
 worth visiting. Old marble portal 
 very interesting, and some good 
 pictures by Unterberger. Stone 
 table and benches above the ch., 
 the old forum of the Commune. 
 
 Palace of the Bps. of Trent is 
 now a prison. The Cima Lagorei 
 (85 74 ft.) to S.E. is the highest 
 porphyry peak in the Alps. 
 
283 ate. m.—TRENT to CORTINA hy FASSA TEAL. 284 
 
 4 m. Tesero, 
 
 1 J m. Panchia. 
 f m. Ziano. 
 
 3 m. Predazzo {Inns: Alla Nave 
 d’Oro, Jacomelie’s, very comfort¬ 
 able ; Kosa), This spot, the 
 centre of ancient volcanic action, 
 is famous for its mineralogical 
 treasures (specimens at the inn). 
 Varieties of melaphyi-j porphyry, 
 syenite, and granite may be 
 noticed in every wall. In the 
 visitors’ book at Jacomelie’s the 
 names of some of the most emi¬ 
 nent European geologists and 
 mineralogists appear. 
 
 '[Val Travignolo opens E., en¬ 
 tirely porphyritic, very sparsely 
 inhabited; it ends in a woody 
 basin, where is Paneveggio, 4 
 hrs., a single farmhouse and Imi 
 (tolerable beds) ; thence over an 
 easy pass, by tlie side of mag¬ 
 nificent dolomites to the E., is a 
 path into Val Castrozza (hospice 
 of San Martino at its head) to 
 Primiero, 6 hrs. from Pane¬ 
 veggio {see Rte. 222 a).] 
 
 Above Predazzo the valley 
 narrows into a gorge cut by the 
 stream through the rim of the 
 Predazzo crater. 
 
 Forno, poor vill., is in the 
 midst. The first vill. of the upper 
 valley, Val Fassa, is 
 
 7 m. Moena (Inn, bad). The tra¬ 
 veller is now in the district of 
 the dolomites; but their peaks 
 are scarcely yet visible, although 
 he has already passed under the 
 Weiss Horn and Latemar Spitzen 
 to the 1 ., and the Sasso di Loch 
 (8656 ft.) is now in front on the rt. 
 
 Joh. B. Zachia sells minerals. 
 
 [W. a path ascends to the 
 
 Caressa Pass, lying between the 2 
 great dolomite masses, the Late¬ 
 mar Spitzen S., and the Eosen- 
 garten Gebirge N., and leading 
 to Walschenhofen, 4 hrs., whence 
 there is a road to Botzen, 13 m. 
 
 [E. a little beyond Moena is 
 the Pellegrino Thai, with a bridle- 
 track. At the head of it is a 
 small Inn, 9 m., and pilgrimage 
 chapel, and a pass over to Falcade, 
 in a populous valley, descending 
 to Ceneenighe (3 small Inns), in 
 the valley of the Cordevole; a 
 rd. thence to Agordo and Bel- 
 luno. From Pellegrino there is 
 also a pass over a cul, close by 
 the Sasso Val Fredda (9000 ft.) 
 to the S. side of the Marmolata, 
 by which, through the gorge of 
 Sottoguda, Caprile can be reached 
 in 9 lu's. from Moena.] 
 
 Road crosses the Avisio, and 
 presently 
 
 Vigo (Inn, Eizzi’s, very com -5 
 fortable) is seen on hillside to 1. ; 
 may be reached by a path across 
 the fields; carriages make cheuit, 
 and a steep- climb. This chief 
 vill. of the Fassa Thai is spread 
 over green slopes. Oh. of St. 
 Johann below, small Ch. of Sta. 
 Juliana above. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 (a) By Oh. of Sta. Juliana lies 
 the path slanting up to the rt., and 
 keeping along a ridge in same 
 direction till it ends in wooded 
 crags, 2 hrs., from which is a 
 very impressive view of the am¬ 
 phitheatre of the Rosengarten, or, 
 iDetter still, ascending higher to 
 the level summit of the Sasso dei 
 Mugoni Alp above on the 1 . 
 
 (&) The Sasso di Damm (9000 
 ft.), on E. side of the valley. 
 
285 Bte. 2 ‘ll.^TBENT to COBTINA hy FASSA TEAL. 286 
 
 Ascent is through Pozza, over a 
 shoulder into a basin, work round 
 to its eastern rim, and follow the 
 grassy but narrow edge upward 
 till it ends in a point, 4 hrs,, 
 whence is a fine view of the 
 Marniolata E., Sella Spitze and 
 
 Lang Kofel N. and the whole 
 range of the Rosengartea W. {See 
 outlines. 
 
 * At Vigo the Eosengarteii are gene¬ 
 rally called the Vajolettgebirge, from the 
 Yajolettothal, which descends from them 
 to Val Fassa. 
 
 ROSENGARTEN’, FROM SASSO D 1 DAMM. 
 
 In Pozza, the priest sells 
 minerals, 
 
 (c) A third excursion, interest¬ 
 ing to the geologist, may be 
 taken up the Monzoui valley to the 
 summit of the ridge above the 
 Monzoni Alp, wliere a mass of 
 syenite, with hypersthene veins, 
 interrupts the dolomite wall unit¬ 
 ing the Sasso di Loch with the 
 Marmolata; many rare minerals 
 and interesting plants are found 
 here. 
 
 By one or other of tliese ex¬ 
 cursions only can any adequate 
 impression be obtained of tlie 
 dolomites of the Fassa Thai. 
 
 The bosses of the Sella Spitze 
 are seen at the head of the valley 
 on the way to 
 
 3 ^ m. Mazin, Situated where a brook | 
 
 from the Anlermoja See, a tarn 
 lying among the precipices of the 
 Rosengarten, falls into the Avisio. 
 Picturesque point of view at the 
 bridge. 
 
 CampedeUo {Inns: Bernhard’s ,31 m. 
 2 bedrooms, one of them decent, 
 scanty provisions ; Valentini). 
 Above this village iST. are a series 
 of extraordinary dolomite crags, 
 forming part of the Lang Kofel. 
 Bernhard (not the innkeeper) is 
 a good ordinary guide, and has 
 minerals for sale. Vill. 4813 ft. 
 
 [The Duron Thai, opening W. 
 from Campedello, offers a fine 
 view of the Marmolata, and leads 
 (the path following the stream) to 
 a col, 3 hrs., between the Ross 
 Zahne 1 ., and Platt Kogel rt. 
 
 The precipices of the Falban 
 
287 me. 2 . 2 \.—TRENT to CORTINA hj FAS 8 A TIIAL. 288 
 
 Kogel line the upper part of the 
 valley on tlie 1 . From the col 
 path tm-ns N., and reaches in 30 
 min. chalets, which supply milk 
 and cheese; thence, hearing W,, 
 over the undulating Seisser Alp, 
 with fine views of the Langkofel 
 and Schlern, the path crosses to 
 a gap in its western edge, and 
 descends to Castelruth, 4 hrs., by 
 a paved track, from which also 
 Ratzes Baths 1 ., at foot of the 
 Schlern, can be reached. From 
 Castelrutli (2 good Inns') see Ete. 
 227 for paths to Botzen or 
 Brixen.] 
 
 The head of the valley now 
 bends round rapidly towards S.E. 
 
 2 m. Canazei. [Near this a path 
 strikes N. by a steep ascent, and 
 leads between Lang Kofel and 
 Sella Spitze over the Evas Joch 
 to Plan (small Inn, 3 hrs.), at head 
 of Grbden Thai: from this point, 
 over the Grodner Jochl E., is path 
 to Corfara, fair Imi, at head of 
 Gader Thai; see Ete. 227.] 
 
 Alba, a small vill., is pla^ced 
 where the vail ey forks. [Branch to 
 the rt. ascends the Contrinthal to 
 the Sasso V ernale, standing S.W. of 
 theMarmolata, and a path between 
 the two leads over the Contrin- 
 joch (905 L ft.) to Val Ombretta 
 (see below).] Our path, hitherto 
 level, takes the 1. branch^by 
 
 lim. Penia, and turning E., pre¬ 
 sently climbs a steep ascent on 1. 
 hand of gorge to the 
 
 Fedaia Pass (Germ. Fedden), 
 disclosing grand views of the 3 
 glaciers on the N. side of the 
 Marmolata, and its precipices of 
 bare rock. The 
 
 Fedaia See, a small tarn, 4 
 occupies a verdant basin, rich 
 with alpine flowers. On 1 . rises 
 the Padon Spitze (8878 ft), worth 
 climbing for the Adi view of the 
 Marmolata opposite. 
 
 [^Ascent of the Marmolata. This 
 mtn. (11,463 ft.), the highest and 
 most central of the dolomite 
 region, rises on this N. side in a 
 succession of snow slopes and 
 glaciers, divided by bosses of 
 smooth rock, to a long ridge, 
 falling in one vast wall of pre¬ 
 cipice to the S,, but rising in 2 
 principal summits, the IMarmolata 
 proper to the W., and the Mar¬ 
 molata di Eocca to E. It is 
 therefore only accessible from 
 the N,, and the route for those 
 coming from the Fassa Thai is by 
 the Fedaia See. The best quarters 
 to start from, however, are at 
 Caprile further on. (There is no 
 good guide, but Pellegrini of 
 Eocca is sufficient for all but 
 the final peak.) From Caprile 
 the Punta Serranta, the most 
 eastern of the spurs of the Mar¬ 
 molata, may be climbed without 
 going round by the Fedaia See. 
 The huts of the Ldbia Alp, 3^ hrs. 
 from Caprile, and on the E. side 
 of the Fedaia Pass, have afforded 
 sleeping-quarters. ^ hr. further 
 ascent of glacier begins, much 
 crevassed; it leads to a rocky 
 wall, which surmounted, the final 
 ridge is attained; but the western 
 end, the true summit crowned 
 with snow, all exj)editions failed 
 in reaching, till that of Herr 
 Grohmann in 1864, which was 
 followed by that of Mr. Tuckett 
 in 1865. The latter left CajOTle 
 at 2'30 A.M., reached Fedaia Col 
 in 3 hrs., the foot of the middle 
 glacier in f hr.; ascended it in 
 a S.W. direction, kept well to rt. 
 above, gained a snowy hollow 
 
289 rde. 2 ' 2 \.~TItENT to COUTINA hy FASSA TEAL. 290 
 
 niuiiiiio- up to the ridge between 
 the IMarmolata di Roeca and tlie 
 Marmolata proper, and reached 
 by it the E. foot of the latter, 
 
 which was then ascended without 
 difficulty, 3^ lirs. from foot of the 
 glacier. View very grand; no 
 difficulty in the ascent. 
 
 jMARMOLATA, feom sasso di damm. 
 
 i m. Summit of the Pass (6883 ft.) 
 is reached very soon after passing 
 the FedaiaSee. View disj^lays a 
 fine array of jagged mountain 
 forms.^ A conspicuous one to 
 S.E. is Mtc. Civita, the most 
 picturesque, in form and situa¬ 
 tion, of the dolomite mtns, A 
 steep path descends into a valley 
 —the head of the Pettorinatlial — 
 turning S. and close under the 
 grand precipices of tlie Punta 
 Serranta, the eastern end of the 
 Marmolata. 
 
 : [At the S.E. corner a valley 
 opens W., and a path leads to 
 tlie Pellegrino Thai over the Col 
 of the Sasso Val Fredda. 
 
 A short way up this path a 
 track turns off rt. towards the 
 S, face of the Marmolata, leading 
 into Val Omhretta, a desolate 
 spot directly under the great S. 
 precipices of the Marmolata, 
 
 Kp. Tyr. & Alps. 
 
 grandly seen on the ascent. 
 From the Val Omhretta is a track 
 over the Contrinjocli (9051 ft.) 
 into the Contrinthal, and so by 
 Alba into the Fassathal.] 
 
 Arrived at the S.E. corner of 
 the mtn., the path suddenly turns 
 to 1., following rt. bank of the 
 stream, which presently rushes 
 into the grand 
 
 Gorge of Sottoguda, a narrow 5 
 cleft nearly a mile long, between 
 walls of rock 1000 ft. high, the 
 path carried from side to side 
 on 12 log bridges. It issues near 
 
 Sottoguda Village, whence, 1 1 
 looking back, the entrance would 
 not be suspected. 
 
 The shortest path is now along 
 a meadow on 1. bank of stream to 
 
 L 
 
291 Bte. 221 .—TRENl^ to COBTINA hj FA 8 SA THAL. 292 
 
 3 m. Eocca, a vill. on the edge of 
 an abrupt descent. Take the 
 opening from the Plaza on L, 
 and descend by a rough track and 
 zigzags through fields to valley 
 bottom. 
 
 [High on 1. is seen a pictu¬ 
 resque rock, with a few cottages, 
 the vill. of Lastei. It is reached 
 from here by a path through the 
 woods, leading to a lofty terrace 
 
 path suspended over the Cordevolo 
 and oftering splendid views. The 
 rock itself is part of a singular 
 circle of dolomite crags.] 
 
 Below Rocca the valley almost 
 immediately falls into that of the 
 Cordevole, running N. and S., 
 issuing from a ravine N., and 
 opening up a magnificent view of 
 Mte. Civita, a vast array of pin¬ 
 nacles S. The village in view is 
 
 MONTE CIVITA, FROM ABOVE CAPRILE. 
 
 l|m. Caprile (Jnw, Pezze’s, further 
 end of street, clean and honest, 
 3 good bedrooms; another near 
 ch.). This village, dreary in it¬ 
 self, is within easy reach of noble 
 scenery. A small column at S. 
 end of the street still bears the 
 Lion of St. Mark, a relic of Vene¬ 
 tian supremacy. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 (a) Lago Alleghe, i m. below, 
 must on no account be missed. 
 Mte. Civita (10,438 ft.) rises 
 superbly at the S. end. Cross to 
 W. side for best view. 
 
 (&) The Col Dai, reached by a 
 
 climb of 3 hrs. above the vill. 
 of Alleghe, and in front of the 
 grand precipices of the Civita. 
 From the Col is a very striking 
 view of the vast tower-like Sasso 
 di Pehno and the numerous peaks 
 of Cadore and the Val di Zoldo, 
 all dolomite. Ascend to the rt. 
 by some herd-huts, and the view 
 is greatly improved; and if time 
 allow, work round through a gap to 
 front of the Civita again, and visit 
 Lago Col Dai, a tarn in the midst 
 of the Civita precipices, whence 
 view of Marmolata opposite and 
 of Lago Alleghe far below. See 
 Rte. 222 A, 
 
293 Bte. 222 .-THEN T to VENICE hj VAL SVG AN A. 29 
 
 (c) Lastei, mentioned above, is 
 also well worth visiting, 2 hrs. 
 from Caprile. 
 
 [A rd. is making from Caprile 
 through Alleghe to Cencentghe, 
 8 m., down the Cordevole valley, 
 whence there is a fair road to 
 Agordo 7 m., and Belluno 20 m.: 
 fine scenery. See Etc. 222 a.] 
 
 able view is disclosed in front, 
 down a lateral valley of the 
 Ampezzo, lined by fantastic do¬ 
 lomites; and over several more- 
 distant dolomite ranges, amongst 
 which the Tofpia 1., Croda 
 Malcora or Sorapiss opi^osite, and 
 the great Antelao, rt., are the 
 most conspicuous. 
 
 To Cortina take a 'path by the 
 ch., ascending a short distance, 
 and striking back to the rt. by a 
 terrace path to 
 
 3]u. Sta. Lucia (i hr.), vill. on a 
 promontory, ch. at corner, com¬ 
 manding a fine view of Yal 
 Fiorentina and the Sasso di 
 Pel mo at its head. Titian was 
 snowed up here for a fortnight, 
 and afterwards executed a fresco 
 on^ tlie ch. wall, since rudely re- 
 2)ainted. 
 
 [From Sta. Lucia a good brid lo¬ 
 rd., interesting for near view of 
 the Pelmo, leads up Val Fioren¬ 
 tina, through Selva (guide lor 
 Pelmo here), i hr. fjrm), and 
 Pescul, ^ hr. (Inn), and over a 
 pass, Forcella Forada, 2 hrs., on 
 N. side of Pelmo, toBorca, 2^ hrs. 
 (tolerable Inn , on Ampezzo rd. 
 Or, from Pescul the Forcella di 
 Ponie may be taken, reported 
 finer than the Forada, and allow¬ 
 ing an ascent of Mte. Uochelta, 
 whence a fine panorama.'\ 
 
 Our track skirts the base of a hill, 
 and leads up a hollow to the N., 
 at the head of which is the block 
 of dolomite called Mte. Gusella, 
 Trending to the rt., to pass this 
 on the E., the 
 
 5 m. Summit of the Gusella Pass is 
 reached (Cima di Fermin on rt.). 
 The Marmolata is finely seen 
 behind, W,; and a very remark- 
 
 The Descent is by cattle-tracks 
 over pasture, past 
 
 Milk Sheds, 1., and then through 
 dark pine woods to a shoulder 
 in the Val Costeana commanding 
 the Ampezzo valley below. Bear 
 to 1. for vill. of Lacedell, and be¬ 
 neath lies 
 
 Cortina (Inns: Aquila NeraS 
 Stella d’Oro), See Ete. 228, 
 
 Rte. 222. —teent to Ve¬ 
 nice, by VAL SUGANA. 
 
 TRENT to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Borgo. ... 23 
 Primolano. . 17 
 
 Bassano ... 19 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Treviso ... 30 
 
 Venice (rail), 23 
 
 112 
 
 Good post-road to Treviso, thence rail 
 to Venice; nialleposte twice a week 
 between Trent and Treviso, and public 
 vehicles daily between the principal 
 towns. 10 hrs. posting from Trent to 
 Bassano; a good walker would require 
 2 days. 
 
 The scenery on this route is far 
 superior to any on that by Ve- 
 
 L 2 
 
 m. 
 
295 Bte. 222 .~TRENT to VENICE hy VAL SUGANA. 296 
 
 roua. The Val Sugana is highly 
 picturesque, the gorge of the Ois- 
 mone very striking, and the spurs 
 of the hills beyond Bassano 
 offer charming views over the 
 great Venetian plain. As a route 
 to Venice it is 30 m. nearer than 
 hy Verona, but the uninterrupted 
 liy. communication gives the latter 
 the advantage in time. 
 
 From Trent the rd. ascends 
 the E. side of the valley hy an 
 easy gradient, and turns into the 
 gorge of the Fersina. Notice 
 
 3 m. Bridge a few yards rt., on a 
 country rd., where the torrent 
 rushes through a cleft at a vast 
 depth below. 
 
 The rd. is now scooped out of 
 fine limestone precipices in a 
 narrow defile, and reaches charm¬ 
 ing country at 
 
 5ni. Pergine {Inn: Post, Oavallo 
 Bianco), 1550 ft.; near watershed 
 of Adige and Brenta. A pretty 
 town, picturesquely situated; a 
 fine castle of the Bishops of Trent 
 on a height. 
 
 [The lovely Lago Caldonazzo, 
 the cradle of the Brenta, lies 
 down to the rt., overlooked on 
 S.W. by Mte. Scanupia (7053 ft.) : 
 it is well worth while to make the 
 circuit by a country rd. on the W. 
 side of the lake, under shade of 
 the chestnut woods, to Calcer- 
 anica, and thence round the lower 
 end to Levico, or, as in Kte. 217.] 
 
 Soon after leaving Pergine, the 
 road descends through a defile 
 (Caldonazzo and its beautiful 
 shores being completely hidden 
 by a long wooded hill). Passing 
 the small Lake of Levico, it 
 reaches 
 
 Levico, a small busy town of 4 111. 
 3670 Inhab. Here begins the 
 beauty of the Val Sugana, which, 
 hitherto running S.E., now turns 
 abruptly N.E., with a fine range 
 of mountains on tlie rt., which 
 guard the singular plateau of the 
 Sette Comuni. [A path from Le¬ 
 vico leads over a col. in 10 hrs. by 
 the Cima Vesena to Asiago, Kte. 
 
 232]. 
 
 Masi is a pleasantly situated 3 | m. 
 vill., and the fine dolomite peaks 
 of the Cima Dodici (7660 ft.) 
 begin to show themselves to the 
 S. The waters of the Brenta are 
 conveyed in a canal on rt. of the 
 rd. The castle of Borgo, on a 
 height in midst of the valley, is 
 seen for some distance on ap¬ 
 proaching 
 
 Borgo di Val Sugana {Inns: 6 J m. 
 Aquila; Croce Bianca), an old i 
 town on site of a Eoman stat. 
 Active silk culture. From castle, 5 
 
 reached by a rd. on W. side of * 
 
 the hill, a charming view of the ( 
 
 valley and dolomite mts. opposite. ^ 
 
 (Those on the N. lie too far back ^ 
 
 to form a feature in the prospect; 
 they are granite, culminating in 
 the Cima clAsta, N.E.) 
 
 [The Val Sella opens S. oppo¬ 
 site Borgo. A track leads by 
 vill. of Olle, at its entrance, in 
 2 hrs. to some Baths ; 2 hrs. fur¬ 
 ther is the stalactite grotto of 
 Costalla, whence it is 7 hrs., by 
 side of the Cima Dodici, to Asiago, 
 
 Sette Comuni.] 
 
 Strigno {Inn), a small town, 4 m. 
 embosomed among orchards and 
 vineyards, is passed i m. to the 1.; 
 
 [From Strigno a good rd. as¬ 
 cends through charming scenery 
 to Pieve di Tesino, 5 m., in the 
 desolate stony valley of that 
 
297 llte. 'I'l'l.—TliENT to VENICE 
 
 name. Thence is a path np 
 the valley, and over a grassy 
 pass, from ■which is a striking 
 view over the valley and moun¬ 
 tains of Primiero, to Canale cl! 
 St. Bovo, 4 hrs. (decent small 
 Inn). Pnmiero is 2 hrs. fm-ther— 
 a beautiful walk. SeePte. 222A. 
 
 Ascent of the Cima cVAsta (9192 
 ft.), fatiguing, but rewarding, is 
 made from Strigno. Take pro¬ 
 visions. Vill. of Bieno i hr.; the 
 Quarazza Alp 6 or 7 hrs. Sleep in 
 chalets. (Among the granite rocks 
 of Quarazzo, near, is a small lake.) 
 Descending from the chalets into 
 Val Sorgaza, and following it 
 upwards, the highest point of the 
 Cima d’Asta is reached, frequently 
 covered with snow, but offering a 
 magnificent view. The mountain 
 is of much interest alike to the 
 botanist, mineralogist, and geolo¬ 
 gist.] 
 
 The valley now narrows, hem¬ 
 med in by mountains. 
 
 6 m. Grigno, last place in Tyrol, at 
 entrance of theValley of Tesino, N. 
 This valley, too stony for much 
 cultivation, is inhabited by an in¬ 
 dustrious race of pedlars and 
 printsellers, whose wanderings 
 through Europe began in the 17th 
 cent. The family of Artaria 
 belong to it. 
 
 The Brenta now turns S., skirt¬ 
 ing still on the rt. the liigh pla¬ 
 teau occupied by the Sette Co- 
 muni. 
 
 7 m. Primolano (Inn and Post- 
 house), a poor vill., but important 
 as situated at the commencement 
 of the grand defile of Covelo, and 
 at the foot of the pass which 
 leads E. into the Cismone valley 
 and Feltre country. Napoleon, in 
 Sept. 1796, marching round by the 
 Val Swgana, after the battle of 
 
 hy VAL SUGANA. 298 
 
 Eoveredo, here surprised and de¬ 
 feated the Austrian vanguard of 
 Wurmser’s army. 
 
 [The road to Feltre, 12 m., 
 ascends by zigzags from Primo¬ 
 lano. Belluno is about 23 m. 
 further. For the interesting ex¬ 
 cursion to Primiero and Agordo 
 from Feltre see Rte. 222 a.] 
 
 Soon after leaving Primolano, 
 in the midst of the defile, a 
 singular cave may be discerned 1., 
 about 100 ft. above the rd. It 
 once held a fort capable of ac¬ 
 commodating 500 men, and com¬ 
 pletely commanded the passage. 
 Maximilian took it from the Vene¬ 
 tians in 1509 . It has no visible 
 approach. Water was derived 
 from an internal spring, and its 
 magazine was cut out of the rock. 
 
 The author of ‘Vatliek,’ travel¬ 
 ling this way in 1780, gives a 
 striking description of its situa¬ 
 tion, and of the romantic grandeur 
 of the defile. See Southern Ger¬ 
 many, Pte. 222. 
 
 The rd. crosses the Cismone, 
 descending from a gorge to the 
 1., and reaches vill. of 
 
 Cismone. Here Napoleon 4 m. 
 halted the night before the battle 
 of Bassano, and was glad to share 
 a private soldier’s ration. The 
 scenery is very fine about here. 
 
 {Enego, a vill. on the Sette 
 Comuni heights, i hr. from Cis¬ 
 mone, and reached also from 
 Primolano, has a castle with arms 
 of La Scala, and a glorious view 
 from ch.-yard of St. Antonio.] 
 
 Passing southwards, the luxu¬ 
 riance of southern vegetation 
 begins to appear, and becomes 
 decided at 
 
 Valstagna (comfortable Inn on 7 m. 
 
299 Rte. 222 .—TRENT to VENICE hy VAL SUGANA. 300 
 
 the post-rd., nr. the bridge; della 
 Torre ?), a small town on W. side 
 of the stream, where the valley 
 makes a bend; famous for its 
 tobacco plantations. 
 
 [The best access to the Sette 
 Comuni on this side is from here, 
 but the track is up the bed of 
 a torrent, in a grand ravine, down 
 which, in the rainy season, timber 
 is floated. Asiago, the chief place 
 {Inn), is about lo m. from Val- 
 stagna. See Ete. 232.] 
 
 ' [F rom Valstagna there is a rd. 
 
 on both banks of the stream to Bas- 
 sano, and tha t on the W. or rt. bank 
 ofters an opportunity, wiiich should 
 not be missed, by a slight detour, 
 for visiting the curious caves of 
 Oliero, 3 m. below Valstagna. 
 Enter by a paper manufactory, 
 which will supply a guide. The 
 stream is speedily found issuing 
 from a rocky recess; by boat and 
 torchlight it is pursued a short 
 distance, and leads to a wonderful 
 display of stalactites. It is about 
 8 m. from Oliero to Bassano, pass¬ 
 ing through Campese and St. 
 Michele, where the road falls into 
 that from Schio, which presently 
 crosses the Brenta by a wooden 
 bridge.] 
 
 The post-rd. on the 1 . bank 
 continues through villages, or¬ 
 chards, and tobacco-grounds till, 
 opposite Campese, the valley opens 
 upon the rich plain of the Vicen- 
 tino. Fronting the opening, upon 
 a commanding height is 
 
 8 m. Bassano {Inns: Sant’ Antonio, 
 clean; II Hondo, good; Luna); 
 15,000 Inhab. The old walls 
 draped with ivy, and the many 
 towers, combine with its situation 
 to give a very picturesque appear¬ 
 ance to this old town. One of the 
 6 gateways was erected by Palladio. 
 The castle, built by Eccelino the 
 
 tyrant, is now an ecclesiastical 
 residence. Some of the windows 
 offer a fine view. 
 
 Palace of the Podesta contains 
 frescoes and statues. 
 
 The Museum possesses a valuable 
 library and geological collection; 
 also a Picture Gallery, with speci¬ 
 mens of Da Ponte, better known 
 as Bassano, and casts of the works 
 of Canova, drawings, &c. 
 
 The grounds of the Villa Paro- 
 lini, just outside the walls, are 
 noted for a fine Pinetum and 
 Botanical Garden. Apply by 
 card. 
 
 The Terrace walk outside the 
 walls on theN. affords a fine view. 
 
 Villa Rezzonico is celebrated for 
 its exquisite views, and posseses 
 also works of Canova. Napoleon, 
 after his march through the defile 
 of the Brenta, fell upon and de¬ 
 feated Wurmser at Bassano, after¬ 
 wards (1809) creating Maret Duke 
 of Bassano. 
 
 [^Excursion, to Possagno (about 
 12 m.j, Canova’s birthplace, and 
 in a charming country, noted for 
 the Ch. he built there, and his 
 house, containing models of his 
 works; also to Asolo, 4 m. from 
 Possagno, very interesting mediae¬ 
 val town. Noble panorama from 
 castle hill. See Route 233. The 
 traveller can take these places on 
 his way to Treviso. Tho roads are 
 good.] 
 
 From Bassano the direct road 
 lies by the richly cultivated plain 
 through 
 
 Godego to 1 
 
 Castelfranco, 3 800 Inhab. 3 
 Ancient town, in midst of the 
 plain, surrounded by walls and 
 towers; birthplace of Giorgione, 
 
 { 
 
Hci 
 
 801 
 
 me. 222 K.—PRIMOLAm to CORTINA. 
 
 302 
 
 house in N. wall. Small, but ex¬ 
 cellent picture by him (Madonna 
 with Saints) in principal ch. In 
 the Sacristy a fresco by Paolo 
 Veronese. 
 
 Villa Soranza, W. of the town, 
 fine building by San Michele. 
 
 m. Treviso (Inns: Albergo Keale; 
 Quattro Corone, good); j8,6oo 
 Inhab.; capital of a province, seat 
 of a bishopric, sit. on the Sile. 
 
 Duomo, with 5 cupolas, a fine 
 building, contains a chapel 
 with frescoes by Pordenone. 
 
 Ch. of San Nicolo, fine brick 
 edifice of 14th centy., with a 
 famous picture by Pensabene. 
 
 Monte di Pietd, fine ‘ Entomb¬ 
 ment ’ by Giorgione. 
 
 Villa Manfriniy extensive gar¬ 
 dens. 
 
 Kailway 4 times daily in about 
 I hr. to 
 
 23 m. Venice (Inns: Albergo Daniele; 
 Hotel de la Ville; Hotel Victoria, 
 &c.) Carriages can be left at 
 Mestre, last stat, before Venice; 
 charge, i franc per day. See 
 Ilandhoolt N. Italy, Pie. 26. 
 
 Rte. 222 A.-primolano, 
 
 in VAL SUGANA, to CORTINA 
 D’AMPEZZO, by PRIMIEEO, 
 AGORDO, and CAPRILE. 
 
 PRIMOLANO to 
 
 ENG. M. ITUS. 
 
 Fonzaso.9 — 
 
 Primiero.17 6 
 
 Agordo.18 8 
 
 Caprile.15 5 
 
 Cortina.j6 7 
 
 Carriage-road to Fonzaso; mule-track 
 Ihence through Primiero to Agordo; a 
 char-rd. most of the way to Caprile, and 
 foot-path to Cortina; 3 days to walk. 
 
 This route leads through se¬ 
 cluded, curious, and some very 
 grand scenes. Primiero is in¬ 
 teresting as a community founded 
 by fugitives fi-om Friuli at the 
 time of Attila's invasion, and 
 for the extraordinary dolomites 
 at head of the valley. Agordo 
 and Caprile are in the midst of 
 very noble scenery. See Rte. 
 
 221. 
 
 Primolano, at the entrance of 
 the defile of Covelo, is described 
 Rte. 222, (Vehicles obtained at 
 the Post-house.) The rd. to 
 Feltre strikes otf E. by zigzags 
 over a hill, and then descends by 
 a bare valley to the river 
 
 Cismone, which, rising beyond 5 m. 
 Primiero, joins the Brenta below 
 the defile of Covelo. 
 
 Arten. The rd. continues 3 m. 
 on to Feltre, about 4 m., but at 
 this vill. a branch rcl, turns oif 
 1. to 
 
 Fonzaso, a straggling village; 1 J m. 
 mules or donkeys to be hired at a 
 house at further end on rt. hand 
 side. 
 
 Bridle-pcdli at first runs high 
 above the Cismone in a rocky 
 gorge; then, to avoid a dangerous 
 bridge, winds among stony hills 
 to rt., passes a shrine raised in 
 memory of a pestilence, and 
 reaches, on a pleasant upland, the 
 villages of 
 
 Sarriva and Zorzoi. Path then 
 re-enters the ravine of the Cis¬ 
 mone, and passes 
 
80.3 
 
 Bte. 222 A.—PItIMOLANO to COJiTIXA 
 
 30 i 
 
 A Ruined Tower, once a toll¬ 
 house for Primiero. Presently 
 the 
 
 9 m. Valley forks. [The 1 . hand 
 branch ascends to Canale St. 
 Bovo [Inn), a dependency of 
 Primiero, in a wild valley, partly 
 filled by a lake, Lago Nicovo, 
 formed by a rockfall on W. side 
 from the Cima d’Asta (9192 ft.). 
 It is the entrance to the granite 
 district of the Cima d Asta.] 
 
 ■ Take rt. hand branch. In a 
 short distance the frontier between 
 Venetia and Tyi'ol is crossed, and 
 a small 
 
 im. Inn (Osteria) appears in a 
 green solitary spot (good coffee 
 and bread here, and the rare fern 
 Asplenium Seelosii, to be gathered 
 among the rocks). Ascending 
 by side of the stream, a chapel is 
 seen on a pinnacle in front, mark¬ 
 ing where the ravine ends, and 
 the valley, becoming wide, rich, 
 and populous, turns N.E. 
 
 [Over a low range of bills 
 N. W. is the frequented path to Ca¬ 
 nale St. Bovo, passing through the 
 vill. Gohhera. From it is a strik¬ 
 ing view S. down the two gorges.] 
 
 4 m. Imer and Mezzano, large 
 villages, are passed, and the pic¬ 
 turesque dolomites at head of the 
 valley are seen before entering 
 
 8 m. Pieve di Primiero, or Fiera 
 
 [Inn, Aquila Nera, Bonetti’s, 
 hirthereud of str. tort.; best of 3, 
 and comfortable), 2366 ft., chief 
 l^lace of the valley, and in old 
 times of a small republic founded 
 by fugitives from Attila; became 
 noted in 15th centy. for its silver- 
 mines, worked by German colo¬ 
 nists, who built the ch., German 
 Gothic of 13th centy., and pre¬ 
 
 sented a monstrance of solid silver, 
 still preserved in sacristy. Close 
 by is the 
 
 Fiirst Amt, a tall fortified 
 house, with eyelet-holes for cross¬ 
 bows, built for defence of officers 
 of the mines. 
 
 IronworlcshsLYe been established 
 by Ct. Welsperg, who has a house 
 in tlie town. 
 
 Vill. of Transacqua (“ across 
 the water ”), with Ormanico, was 
 a fief of the Venetian Doges, and 
 possesses a curious little ch. with 
 frescoes (if not destroyed) and 
 picture of St. Marc; head re¬ 
 puted to be by Titian. (?) 
 
 Gastello della Pietra on a rock 
 in the distance, see below. 
 
 [Beyond Primiero the valley of 
 the Cismone turns N. Siror was 
 one of the ancient settlements; 
 near it were the principal silver- 
 mines, abandoned from earth¬ 
 quakes. A frequented track ascends 
 the stream to S. Alartino, Inn, 2 
 Ill's.; magnificent dolomite crags 
 along tlie E. side of valley; and in 
 4 more crosses a col (6664 ft.) 
 to Paneveggio in Val Travignolo 
 (solitary Inn or hospice) ; thence 
 4 hrs. to Predazzo, in Fassa Thai. 
 See Ete. 22 r. 
 
 E. of S. Martino rises the Palle 
 di S. Martino (10,968 ft.), next to 
 the Marmolata the loftiest of the 
 Dolomite Mts. 
 
 From S. Martino, tlie traveller, 
 turning E., may gain the ridge 
 between the Cimon della Pala 
 (10,64.2 ft.) N. and the Cima della 
 Eosetta S., 3 hrs.; descend by a 
 series of magnificent gorges and 
 basins, through most striking 
 scenery, into the Val delle Comelle, 
 and crossing to rt. bank of the 
 torrent just above a cascade, reach 
 the vill. of Gares in a charming 
 situation, 3 hrs. Thence an easy 
 walk of 2 hrs. N. and then E. by 
 
rite.2‘nA.—rBIM)LA^0 to CORTINA. 
 
 30G 
 
 305 
 
 Forno di Canale will bring to 
 Cencenicjlie, on the rcl. to Capri le; 
 but much finer scenery will be 
 visited by crossing the Gemrette 
 Col from Cares E. into the Valle 
 di San Lucano (see below\ and 
 entering the Caprile rd. at 
 Taibon.] 
 
 Crossing tlie Cisinone, and leav¬ 
 ing to 1. spot wliere a village 
 was buried in the great earth¬ 
 quake of 1348, a bridle-road passes 
 through 
 
 Tonadigo, and ascends towards 
 the most remarkable object in the 
 valley, the 
 
 Euined Gastello della Pietra, on 2 
 
 an isolated rock, now inaccessible; 
 originaUy built to defend ap¬ 
 proach to the valley, afterwards 
 the stronghold of the Welspergs. 
 Beliiiid it to 1. is a wonderful 
 array of shattered dolomite peaks, 
 one of which, tlie Cima Cimedo, 
 is almost unique for the variety of 
 its horns and pinnacles, especially 
 
 CIMA CIMEDO. 
 
 as seen from near Primiero. In 
 the valley at their foot is a hunting 
 lodge of Count Welsperg, J hr. 
 behind the castle. [A very fine 
 pass can be made this way into 
 the Val di San Lucano^ otfering 
 a short route to Caj^rile : see be¬ 
 low.]) Our path, ascending across 
 the lace of the castle precipice, 
 bears to rt., and ascends a long 
 wooded valley pointing E., and 
 leading to a grassy 
 
 3 m. Col, whence is an abrupt 
 
 descent among scrub and bushes, 
 into 
 
 Val di Mis. {Sagron, the earliest 
 settlement of the Primiero re¬ 
 fugees, is seen below on rt.) The 
 route keeps high up on 1. side of 
 the valley, and circles round the 
 hill till it turns N. to 
 
 ^ Gosaldo, a vill. with a new G m. 
 ch. 
 
 [The Val di Mis turns in an 
 opposite direction, S.E., and de- 
 
 Uli-I 
 
307 
 
 Rte. a.—PBIMOLANO to COBTINA. 
 
 308 
 
 scends into the great Bellunese 
 valley—Val di Mel.] 
 
 [From Sagron there is a hridle- 
 rd. to Agordo, possibly more 
 direct, leading past the great 
 copper-works, but far inferior in 
 scenery.] 
 
 Alpine uplands succeed Go- 
 saldo, lying at the base of tlie 
 Sasso di Campo, a great dolomite 
 mass to the N. Then a 
 
 Descent through woods to 
 
 Frassene, amidst rich and smil¬ 
 ing country, with a view forward 
 of the grand circle of dolomites 
 surrounding the small plain. 
 
 7 m. Agordo (Inn, fair, over arches 
 at upper end of the Piazza). Casa 
 of the Monzoni family, large pro¬ 
 prietors in province of Belluno, 
 on one side of Piazza, and domed 
 ch. on the other. Town delight¬ 
 fully situated in valley of the Cor- 
 devole, where it opens into a small 
 plain, girdled by mountains. The 
 most remarkable of these are the 
 Palle di San Lucano, 2 lofty towers 
 of dolomite at entrance of valley 
 of that name, N.W. of the town. 
 The copper-mines 2 m. S. of 
 Agordo, where the valley again 
 contracts to a defile, are of great 
 note and antiquity, and distin¬ 
 guished by a unique method of 
 smelting. The wooded eminence 
 S. of tlie town has delightful 
 walks and views. 
 
 [The road to Belluno, 20 m., 
 passes through the copper-works, 
 and traverses for many miles a 
 defile of great grandeur, issuing 
 into the charming scenery of the 
 Val di Mel, 5 m. from Belluno. 
 See Kte. 233.] 
 
 The road up the valley passes 
 large village of 
 
 Taibon 1 ., at entrance of the 1 
 Valle di San Lucano. [This valley, 
 named from a small and ancient 
 ch. of great repute 5 m. up, from 
 which also the dolomite towers 
 — the Palle di San Lucano, men¬ 
 tioned above — receive their de¬ 
 signation, displays extraordinary 
 scenery at the upper end, wliere 
 the precipices and turrets of Mte. 
 Agnaro (9441ft.) on the S. surpass 
 those of the Palle on the N., and 
 are almost unequalled in their 
 grandeur. There are also several 
 beautiful waterfalls up the rt.- 
 hand branch, leading to an easy 
 pass over the Forcella Gesurette, 
 which conducts to Gares, a 
 charming village amidst a grand 
 amphitheatre of rocks, whence is 
 a circuitous but easy path by 
 Forno di Canale (Inn) to Cen- 
 cenighe. This route would be 
 preferable for a pedestrian to the 
 direct road. Distance about 20 m. 
 instead of 6. 
 
 From the l.-hand branch 
 (Valle d'Angoraz) of the Val di 
 San Lucano, a pass may be made 
 highly reconunended by Mr. 
 Tuckett, as “ traversing some of 
 tlie grandest scenery of the dolo¬ 
 mites.” The glacier at its head 
 should be ascended to a depression 
 in the ridge between the Cima 
 di Canali W., and the Sasso di 
 Campo E. From this there is an 
 immediate descent into the Val 
 di Canali, which leads direct to 
 the Castello della Pietra, the 
 path working round to 1. of it 
 before descending to Primiero.] 
 
 Valle di Comparsa opens rt., 
 leading to the back of Mte. Civita. 
 
 Tlie valley becomes wild and 
 dreary. In front a distant long 
 line of grey wall is none other 
 than the Marmolata, lost before 
 approaching 
 
309 
 
 Bte. 223.—BBIXEN to VILLAGE. 
 
 310 
 
 6m. Cencenighe. 3 small Inns: 
 Stella d Oro, clean, but very small. 
 Vill. at entrance of Val Canale 
 [at bead of which is Falcade 
 (Inns) and a pass into the Pelle¬ 
 grino Thai, communicating with 
 Val Fassa]. 
 
 [Ascent of Cima diPape (8238 
 ft), formed of volcanic ash, S.W. 
 from^ Cencenighe, 5 hrs. to sum¬ 
 mit, is much to be recommended 
 for its magnificent dolomite pano¬ 
 rama, including especially the E. 
 face of the Primiero dolomites.] 
 
 Send forward to order boat for Lago 
 Alleghe. 
 
 A road is constructing hence 
 up the valley, which is somewhat 
 barren, to 
 
 4 m. Lago Alleghe, the beauty and 
 grandeur of which cannot be 
 appreciated till the fm-ther end is 
 reached, where the view back¬ 
 ward of Mte. Civita (10,438 ft.) 
 is most superb. Lake was 
 formed nth January 1772, 
 by a slide from Mte. Pizzo W., 
 the remains of which still form 
 a vast dam at the lower end. 
 Walls of 3 villages then sub¬ 
 merged may be discerned from 
 AV. shore at certain times. 
 
 A boat will best display scenery 
 and save the detour of the road 
 by the E. sliore through vill. of 
 Alleghe. Ch. on a green mound 
 by tlie lake. 
 
 [A path over the Col Dai, 3 
 hrs. above village E., from which 
 tlie S. side of Sasso di Pelmo is 
 very grandly seen, leads into Val 
 di Zoldo. Dont, 3 hrs. furtlier, has 
 a fair Inn (Oercena’s). Forno, 1 
 hr. further (Inn tolerable, also 
 a Cerceua’s); thence a romantic 
 defile 12 m. to Longarone on the 
 Piave and great rd. Rte. 228.J 
 
 In the defile above the lake 
 are curious stratifications of rocli 
 rt. It is savage and desolate to 
 
 Caprile (2 Inns: Pezze’s, at 4 m. 
 S. end in the street, best; the 
 otlier near ch.). Ohs. on en¬ 
 tering village a column, sur¬ 
 mounted by Lion of St. Mark, 
 denoting the former Venetian 
 dominion. For the fine scenery 
 in the neighbourhood and the 
 route over the 
 
 Gusella Pass, 7 hrs., to 
 
 Cortina d’Ampezzo, see Kte.lGin. 
 221. 
 
 Rte. 223.—BRiXEN to vii- 
 LACH, by the PUSTERTHAL. 
 
 BRIXEN to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Brunecken . 2J5 
 Niederndorf. 
 
 Lienz. . . . jji 
 Spital 1 . . . 32f 
 
 Ellwagen daily in 26^hrs. From Nie¬ 
 derndorf a branch dil. starts for the Am- 
 pezzo, and communicates with one for 
 Belluno. Plenty of Stellwagen between 
 the intermediate towns. Posting is fairly 
 done. Travellers from Innsbruck, if not 
 using the dil., need not go down as far as 
 Brixen, but should hire at Mittewald for 
 Unt. Vintl, the first stat. in the Puster- 
 Ihal. 
 
 This route forms the highway 
 into Carinthia, and also by Pass 
 of Ampezzo to Venice (Rte. 228). 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Villach . . . 2 
 1271 
 
311 
 
 JUe. 22‘S.—]miXEN to VILLAGIL 
 
 312 
 
 The Pustertlial, including the 
 “ Uiiter,” extends as far as Lienz, 
 and is one of the longest valleys 
 in Tyrol. The Eienz, issuing 
 from the Ampezzo pass, flows 
 through the greater portion of 
 the valley, joining the Eisack at 
 Brixen. The sceneiy for the 
 most part is tame; but that of 
 the lateral valleys, occasionally 
 opening to view, is very fine. 
 Those to the S. lie among the 
 Dolomite mtns., which at cer¬ 
 tain points, such as the en¬ 
 trance to the Ampezzo, at Inni- 
 chen, and at Lienz, are seen to 
 great advantage. The valley of 
 the Drave, which succeeds that 
 of the Eienz, contains some noble 
 scenery. The country inns along 
 this route are generally roomy and 
 comfortable. 
 
 [Coming from the Brenner, 
 the Eisack is crossed close 
 under the fortress of Franz- 
 ensfeste, 4 m, below Mittewald, 
 by a single arched bridge, the 
 Ladritsche Briicke, and the 
 road turns E. over a rich and 
 broken plain towards the entrance 
 of the Pusterthal. Unter Vintl, 
 7J m, further, is the first post 
 stat. from Mittewald. A plea¬ 
 santer and shorter way for a 
 pedestrian is to turn 1. below the 
 Fort at a signpost to Spinges on 
 the hill, whence is a fine view, 
 and the distant dolomites can be 
 seen. The descent is very pretty 
 to IMiihlbach, first village in the 
 Pusterthal.] 
 
 From Brixen the road, ascend¬ 
 ing by the Eisack, crosses it at 
 
 Ijm. Heustift, an ancient chapter- 
 house, with library and ch., the 
 latter containing the tomb of the 
 IMinnesinger Oswald von Wolken- 
 stein. 
 
 At Schabs is a path rt. to the 
 castle ruins of Rodeneclc, enclosed 
 on 3 sides by tlie Eienz. A 
 little beyond this village is junct. 
 with the road from Franzens- 
 feste. 
 
 Milblbacb (Inn: Sonne, good 5 ni. 
 and cheap). Agood'we?«is ob¬ 
 tained from the slopes of the Me- 
 ranser Hohe, N. [To the W. of it 
 runs the Walserthal, in which, 2 
 hrs. from Miihlbach, is a bath es¬ 
 tablishment. It penetrates to the 
 western end of the Zillerthal 
 group.] Miihlbach is in a deep 
 glen, which presently narrows 
 into the 
 
 Miihlbacber Klause, a defile at 
 the entrance of the Pusterthal, 
 where the road passes under the 
 archway of a ruined fort, formerly 
 the key of tlie pass. It was 
 keenly contested in 1809 with 
 the French, who i^artially blew 
 it up. 
 
 Unter Vintl (Inn : Post, good ,3 m. 
 but dear). [The Pfundersthal 
 opens N.]. The road keeps be¬ 
 side the Eienz through monoto¬ 
 nous scenery, and a few small 
 villages. Wooded hills on op¬ 
 posite bank, where, after some ’ 
 distance, is seen Ilstern, a small 
 bath-house, and presently the 
 chateau of Ehrenburg. Then 
 the valley opens a little, the v 
 Convent of Sonnenberg is passed 
 on height to 1., opposite the 
 entrance to the Gader Thai rt., 
 where stood the Eoman Stat. 
 Litamum, and the road crosses 
 the river to 
 
 St. Lorenzen. [Here a char-]2 m. 
 road strikes ofi" S. into the Gader 
 Thai, guarded by Castle of Mi- J 
 chaelsberg. It leads into fine 
 
 
313 B.fe.22S.—BniXmto VILLACTL 3U 
 
 dolomitic scenery at its head, 
 whence are passes into the valleys 
 of Groden, Fassa, and Livina- 
 lungo, Ete. 227.] 
 
 2in. Brunecken (Inns: Post, very 
 good; Stern, fair, and not dear), 
 principal place of the valley, but 
 with only 1800 Inhab. Scenery 
 here greatly improves. Tlie 
 castle, on an abrupt height, com¬ 
 mands a fine view. It was built 
 by a Bp. of Brixen, is now a 
 prison, but in 1552 sheltered 
 Charles V. on his flight from 
 Innsbruck. 
 
 [Valley of Taufers o^Dens N. 
 with a good car-road, 30 m., to 
 St. Valentin, whence a path 
 leads over the Noric Alps by the 
 Krimler Tauern into the valley 
 of Salzach, Ete. 225.] 
 
 By a new rd. a long ascent is 
 now surmounted, a portion of 
 the snowy Zillerthal group 
 being seen to N. up the Taufers 
 valley, and presently to S.E. 
 some of the Dolomites. The vill. 
 of Olang is seen on 1 . bank of 
 the Eienz and the stream of the 
 
 6 m. Antholz valley is crossed : the 
 road to it turns off a little further 
 at an Inn (Traube). [5 or 6 m. 
 up the valley are the Baths of 
 Antholz, and at its head a pass 
 over the Tefereggen Joch to St. 
 Jacob’s, in the Tefereggen Thai, 
 by which is an interesting route 
 to Windisch Matrei and Heili- 
 genblut, see Ete. 224.] 
 
 6 m. Welsberg (Inn : Golden Eose, 
 very clean). The castle of the 
 Counts of Welsberg, built 1140, 
 is seen N. at entrance of the 
 Gsiesthal [the valley in which 
 Haspinger, the Tyrolese leader, 
 was born]. 
 
 A little beyond Welsberg the 
 
 Brags or Frags Thai is seen 
 opening S,, and showing some 
 dolomite peaks. 
 
 [A char-road leads uj) the 
 valley, mounting steeply in i hr. 
 to the Baths of Frags, or Alt 
 Prags (pron. Prax). These are 
 in the 1 . or E. fork of the valley, 
 and offer a pleasant retreat in a 
 delicious Alpine basin, surrounded 
 by striking dolomite masses. 
 
 The accommodation is rough, 
 but fairly clean, and the terms 
 very moderate. The other fork 
 of the valley turns S.W .; the 
 rd. to it turns off i hr. before 
 reaching the baths, and, passing 
 through the vill. of St. Veit, 
 leads in i hr. to the Wild or 
 Brags See, a small lake, over¬ 
 hung by the noble precipices of 
 the See Kogel (9074 ft.). It 
 is a very fine bit of scenery, well 
 worth the excursion. The lake is 
 about 5 m. from the post-road, a 
 wheel-track most of the way; 
 and dinner can be had at a small 
 bath-house {Neu Brags), hid in 
 the woods on rt. bank of the 
 stream, about m. before reach¬ 
 ing the lake. The ichole is a 
 good botanical district. From 
 Alt Prags a path through noble 
 dolomitic scenery leads S. in 
 5 hrs. over a low col by the side 
 of the Geiselstein {Crepa Bossa), 
 and down a romantic ravine to 
 Schludersbach (Inn: good), on the 
 Ampezzo rd., Ete. 228.] 
 
 Niederndorf Post; Adler, 3 | m. 
 both good), a busy vill., 1000 
 Inhab. Dolomites of Landro in 
 view : the highest is the Biirken- 
 kofl (9514 ft.). The rd. presently 
 crosses the Eienz, and passes 
 over a tract of elevated land 
 (4150 ft.), the watershed between 
 the Adriatic and Black Seas. Vill. 
 of Toblach is seen to 1 ., and on 
 
315 
 
 me. 22S.~Bmxm to villa Cll 
 
 316 
 
 the rt. the road of the Ampezzo 
 turns oft’. 
 
 [This road ascends the narrow 
 gorge from which the Kienz is¬ 
 sues, and passes by Cortina and 
 Cadore to Venice, traversing 
 grand dolomitic scenery, Ete. 
 228.] 
 
 Sj in. Innichen (Inns: Zuin Baren, 
 good ; Kossl). Here first appears 
 the Drave, which rises in the 
 woods at foot of tlie dolomite 
 peaks S. A Eoman Stat. (Agun- 
 tium) occupied the low hiil S. of 
 the town, and was finally destroyed 
 by the Slovenes in 610. A Bene¬ 
 dictine Abbey, founded in 770, 
 was the origin of Innichen. 
 After suppression in 1785 it was 
 reconstituted in 1816 by Emp. 
 Francis. The Minster Church, 
 Eomanesque, is interesting. Ohs. 
 ])ortal, an ancient crucifix, &c. 
 The dolomite mountain, Drei 
 Schuster (^the Cobblers) (10,350 
 ft.), is finely seen S. at entrance 
 of the Sexten Thai. 
 
 [The Valley of Sexten possesses 
 very striking scenery. A road 
 leads through it, and over a low 
 col (the Kreuzberg) in the main 
 chain, to Cadore on the one hand, 
 or the Tagliamento on the other. 
 Ete 228 A.] 
 
 The road crosses and recrosscs 
 the Dmve before reaching 
 
 9 m. Sillian (Inn, Post, good and 
 moderate). [The Vilgratten Thai 
 opens N.3 The castle on height 
 above was built by workmen 
 from Styi-ia, said to have after¬ 
 wards founded the German colony 
 of Sappada, S. of the Carnic 
 Alps. The fine dolomite mtns. 
 of Lienz appear in front. 
 
 [A little below Sillian to rt. a 
 horse-path ascends the Kartitsch 
 
 Thai, and then crosses over the I 
 watershed into the Lessach or 1 
 upper Gail Thai; much fre¬ 
 quented by pilgrims to the shrine 
 of Sta. Maria Lukau. Ete. 223 a.] 
 
 Mittewald (Inn, Post.) The 9 ^ m. 
 valley here narrows, and the 1 
 Drave presently rushes through 
 a gorge, tlie 
 
 Lienzer Klause, 3 hrs. long, where 
 the road is cut in the rock, or > 
 supported on masonry. This 
 defile was twice defended by the ’ 
 Tyrolese in 1809, each time with 
 heavy loss to the French ; grand 
 precipices overhang it on the S. 
 
 Lienz (Inns: Post, very good; 9 ^ m. 
 Eose; Fischwirth), excellently 
 situated for excursions. It is the . 
 last town in Tyrol, 2000 Inhab., " 
 at junction of Isel with the Drave. 
 Commands the noble valley of 
 the latter, here guarded on the 
 S. by majestic dolomite moun¬ 
 tains, the last in this direction, 
 and forming a group (the Kreuz 
 Koji) by themselves. On the N., 
 in contrast, rise green hills and 
 mtns., of which the Schleinitz is 
 the most conspicuous. Lienz occu¬ 
 pies the site of Loncium on the 
 once great Eoman rd. from A qui- 
 leia on the Adriatic, northward 
 over the Carnic Alps to the Drave, 
 and thence over the Noric Alps j 
 to Valdidena, near Innsbruck. 
 
 The counts of Gorz, once the 
 lords of the district, resided fre¬ 
 quently in the ancient Landge- 
 richtshaus. Their more modem 
 chateau at the mouth of the Isel- 
 thal, and commanding a fine 
 view, is now a brewery. 
 
 Excursions. * 
 
 (a) The most interesting is to 
 
317 
 
 318 
 
 llte. 223 .~BRIXEN to VILLACH. 
 HeilirjenUut and tlie Gross Glock- 
 
 ner, the highest mountain of 
 tlie Eastern or Noric Alps. A 
 rough bridle-road starts from 
 Dolsach, 4 m. below Lienz, 
 ascends the Iselsberg, the boun¬ 
 dary _ between Tyrol and Ca- 
 rinthia, which otfers from its 
 summit an extremely Jine view 
 ot the Lienz dolomites, and de¬ 
 scends to WinJdern in the Moll- 
 thal (Rte. 224). HeilUjenhlut 
 is 16 m. Jiigher up the valley; 
 and from Lienz to that j^lace is 
 ^ reckoned a 7 hrs. walk, 2^ of 
 
 which are occupied in crossing 
 the Iselsberg. From Heiligen- 
 blut Gastein may be reached in 
 14 or 15 hrs. more, over the 
 Eauriser Tauern. 
 
 (6) The Gail Thai. This 
 valley may be reached by a 
 romantic path, both in ascent 
 i and descent, over the KerscJi- 
 
 j haumer Alp (« botanical site), 
 
 : starting from vill. of Leisach, 
 
 ! 2 m. on the Pusterthal road. A 
 
 J hut, f hr. below col, supplies 
 
 milk, &c.; de,scent is down a 
 - torrent-course in a wild ravine, 
 
 issuing upon a lateral valley of 
 i the Lessach Thai (or Upper Gail- 
 thal), which last is entered (after 
 ^ passing a small bath-house) about 
 
 ’ I hr. below St. Maria Lukau 
 
 ^ (Rte. 223 a). From Lukau the 
 
 I traveller may return to Lienz by 
 
 ' Sillian, or continue down the 
 
 j Gailthal (visiting the Gartner 
 
 I Kogel), or diverge at Kotschach 
 
 to the deserted pass of Sta. Croce 
 (the Roman rd.), and gain the 
 I upper waters of the Tagliamento, 
 
 I Rte. 223 A. 
 
 ' (c) To Windisch Alatrei, up 
 
 tlie valley of the Isel. The 
 I Venediger Spitze, and the grand 
 1 S. side of the Noric Chain, are 
 the attractions of this excursion, 
 Rtes. 226 and 225. 
 
 txio ]Juai-iuaU 
 
 keeps the middle of the valley, 
 and the Grave, which flows 
 under the grand precipices of 
 tlie Unholde (the Wizard) on 
 the rt., is not seen. The villages 
 lie on the slopes to the 1.: among 
 them is Dolsach (Jnn\ where the 
 track to Heiligenblut tmms off. 
 Lengherg, ]., an ancient castle of 
 the lords of Matrey, is jiassed 
 before reaching 
 
 Nicolsdorf, the last Tyrolean 8 m. 
 vill. ; then the valley narrows, 
 and the frontier of Carinthia is 
 crossed. 
 
 Ober Drauburg {Inn: Post, 3^ m. 
 rather rough). Village is over¬ 
 looked by an old castle. 
 
 [A road strikes off liere rt. by 
 a steep ascent for the Gail Thai, 
 descending into it at Rotschach 
 (good Inn \ opposite entrance to 
 the Sta, Croce pass, Rte. 223 a.] 
 
 Only one village, Dollach, is 
 passed on the ratlier monotonous 
 road hence to 
 
 Greifenberg ( Jnns; Beim Nag -12 m. 
 ler, good; Post). Fine view 
 from the castle above. 
 
 [A road, very steep, but j^ic- 
 turesque, leads hence S. in 2 hrs. 
 to the peaceful little lake of 
 Weissensee, crossed at the village 
 of Oberdorf by a bridge. No 
 road along the lake; but there 
 are rude canoes by which the 
 traveller may be paddled in 
 about 3 hrs. to the E. and more 
 interesting end of the lake, 
 whence, by an agreeable path 
 through the Stoclcenboyer Thai, 
 abounding in iron-forges, he may 
 regain the Grave valley at Pa- 
 ternion. At 3 hrs. from the lake 
 is a decent country Inn. There 
 
319 
 
 Bie. 223 A.—THE GAIL THAI. 
 
 its a quicksilver-mine in tUe 
 valley. The road from Greifen- 
 burg continues on past the W. 
 end of the lake, crosses a low 
 woody col, and descends into the 
 Gitsch Thai at the village of 
 AVeissbriach. A fair road hence 
 follows the valley to Hermagor, 
 where it joins that of the Gail 
 Thai. From Greifenburg to 
 Hermagor is a drive of about 6 
 lirs. Rte. 223 A.] 
 
 After passing Steinfeld the 
 river and rd. wind north^yard, 
 and there are few villages, till at 
 last the river, now in a narrow 
 defile, is crossed to 
 
 Rte. 223 A.-the GAIL 
 THAI, from SILLIAN in the 
 PUSTEKTHAL to VILLACH 
 on the BRAVE. Also PASS of 
 SANTA CROCE. 
 
 SILLIAN to 
 
 ENG. sr. 
 St. Maria Lukau. 16 
 KOtscliacli . . .16 
 
 ENG. sr. 
 
 Hermagor . . 22 
 Villacli ... 32 
 
 12 in. Sachsenburg, a village, with 
 iron-forges; near it 3 ruined 
 castles. The Dravc is recrossed 
 immediately, and a little further 
 on, the Moll enters the Grave 
 from the N., the rd. crossing it. 
 
 [The only carriage route to 
 Heiligenblut, and the scenery 
 of the Gross Glockner, is up the 
 Mdllthal, Etes. 201 and 244.] 
 
 From this point the Drave, 
 after some windings, makes a 
 great bend to the S.E., and the 
 road follows it through 
 
 Lendorf and 
 
 St. Peter to 
 
 9 2 m. Spital, where the high road 
 from Salzburg comes in. For 
 details hence, by 
 
 m. Paternion, to 
 
 The Gail Thai, about 80 m. 
 long, runs S. of the Drave valley, 
 and nearly parallel to it. The 
 upper end (Lessachthal) is acces¬ 
 sible only by foot or bridle paths, 
 and the track through it winds 
 much on account of numerous 
 lateral gullies. At Kdtschach the 
 carriage-rd. from Ober Draubm-g 
 (Rte. 223) enters, and continues 
 down the valley. The route does 
 not otfer much striking scenery, 
 but it embraces some points of in¬ 
 terest. 
 
 From near Sillian is a stee2i 
 ascent through woods into the 
 Kartitsch Thai, a cheerful valley 
 ascending to the watershed at In 
 der Innerst. The Gail ripples 
 from the grass on the other side, 
 and the Lessachthal begins. 
 
 Tilliach is a large vill. on an 
 enormous fan of debris; busy in 
 pilgrimage time. 
 
 141 in. Villach, see Ete. 243. 
 
 Sta. Maria Lukau. {Inn: Gug-IG m. 
 genburger’s, fair; accommodation 
 also at the Convent, a large build¬ 
 ing, pleasantly situated.) The 
 small ch., dedicated to the Virgin, 
 
321 
 
 Rte. 223 K.~The GAIL TEAL. 
 
 322 
 
 and dating from 1560, is famous 
 as a place of pilgrimage. People 
 are simple; scenery quiet and 
 picturesque, with glimpses into 
 rocky” 8. 
 
 [Lukau may be reached from 
 Lienz by a path in 7 hrs., not 
 always practicable, which leaves 
 the road at Leisach, ascends to the 
 Kerschbaumer Alp, crosses a col 
 above it, displaying fine views of 
 the near dolomites, of the distant 
 Norics N., and the Oarnics S., 
 and drops by the side of a torrent 
 through a long and singular cleft 
 into a lateral valley opening upon 
 the Lessachthal.3 , 
 
 Lorenzen. [From this vill. 
 ascent of the Paralba, S., offering 
 one of tlie finest panoramas in 
 the German Alps, has been made. 
 At the vill. of Frohn is the guide 
 Lugger. Course is up the Frohn- 
 thal to the Baden, or highest 
 level of the valley, hrs.; a 
 good timber rd. continues up to 
 the Hochalhel pass (7550 ft.). 
 There rd. ceases. A fine vieio of 
 Dolomites and Norics. Summit 
 of Paralba (western peak) is 
 reached from the pass in i hr. 
 by a good cragsman. View in¬ 
 cludes all the chief dolomite 
 mts., Antelao, Pelmo, Sorapiss, 
 Marmolata, and Drei Schuster, 
 all Friuli, all the Norics, and 
 some of the Zillerthal mts., also 
 the Karavankas and Julian Alps, 
 in profile. From the pass, de¬ 
 scent can be made to Sappada or 
 to Forni Avoltri (Kte. 228 a).] 
 
 IGm. Kotschach {Inn: Kiirschner, 
 very fair). A little above this 
 the true Gailthcd begins, with a 
 drop from the level of the upper 
 valley. The road from Ober Drau- 
 biu’g comes in behind Kotschach. 
 
 Kp). Tijr. & Alps. 
 
 On opposite side of the valley is 
 Mauthen {Inn: fair), where the old 
 Counts of Gorz collected toll 
 {Mauth). 
 
 [Behind Mauthen is a gap in 
 the hills, guarded E. by the coni¬ 
 cal peak of the Polinik (7743 ft.), 
 and W. by the grand dolomite 
 mass of the Kollin Kofel (about 
 9300 ft.), forming the S. wall 
 of the Valentinerthal. Through 
 this gap went the old Roman road 
 over the Carnic Alps from Lon- 
 cium (Lienz) to Aquileia. It is 
 now but a rough track used for 
 light timber-carts. Near the sum¬ 
 mit (3 hrs.), among Alp pastmes, 
 is the farmhouse of Auf der 
 Plecken. Formerly the Hospice, 
 it still serves as an Inn, and 
 affords fair summer quarters. The 
 pass (4600 ft.) is through portals 
 of rock. On the S. side occur 
 two Roman inscriptions on the 
 rocks; the earliest attributed to 
 Julius Csesar. The old Roman 
 road, of which the rut-marks are 
 still visible, diverges to rt., while 
 the present one is carried round 
 the steep face of the hill on the 
 1,, sometimes on wooden brack¬ 
 ets. Timau (Germ. Tischlwang) 
 is the first village below. It is 
 one of the ancient German colo¬ 
 nies to the S. of the Alps. 
 Near it is a third Roman inscrip¬ 
 tion; andbelowPaZwzza (wretched 
 Inn) is Zuglio, the ancient Forum 
 Julii. This valley is named St. 
 Pietro or Bute, from its stream, 
 and enters that of the Taglia- 
 mento near Tolmezzo (fair Inn) 
 24 m. from Auf der Plecken (Rte* 
 250.] 
 
 Light one-horse cars may be 
 obtained at Kotschach to convey 
 travellers down the Gailthal. 
 Population principally Slavonic, 
 villages few, sides of the hills 
 
 M 
 
823 Rte. 22 i,—BRUNECKEN to HEILTGENBLUT. 324 
 
 wooded. Sceueiy is finer in ap¬ 
 proaching 
 
 22 m. Hermagor (Inn: Zum Moliren, 
 Forster’s, small, but very com¬ 
 fortable). A picturesquely situ¬ 
 ated town at entrance of the 
 Gitschtlial, named after St. Her- 
 magoras,the first Christian Bishop 
 ofAquileia. Opposite, S., are the 
 fine peaks of the Gartner Kogel 
 (7186 ft.), the N. and AV. spurs 
 of which form tlie sole habitat 
 of the plant “ Wulfenia." Fine 
 view of Italian mountains from 
 summit. 
 
 [From AVeissbriach at head of 
 the Gitschtlial the Keisskofi (7748 
 ft.), the most eastern peak of tlie 
 Lienz Dolomites, can be ascended. 
 Also a rd. crosses a low col to 
 Greifenburg, passing the seques¬ 
 tered Weissensee. Ete. 223.] 
 
 The Dohrac (Dobratsch), a 
 mountain near the junction of the 
 Gail and the Drave, is a fine ob¬ 
 ject from Hermagor, and in de¬ 
 scending the valley the Julian 
 Alps come nobly into sight S. 
 
 13 m. Emersdorf. [Near this vill. a 
 rd., offering interesting scenery, 
 strikes oft' to the back of the 
 Dobratsch, through the mining 
 district of Bleiberg (Inii: good) 
 (whence the Dohratscli is best as¬ 
 cended). It is the shortest and 
 most picturesque route to Vil- 
 lach, Ete. 243.] 
 
 Further on the road divides. 
 [That to rt. crosses the river to 
 Feistritz, and leads to Maglern 
 on the high rd. from Villach to 
 Tarvis, Ete. 250.] Our rte. con¬ 
 tinues on 1. bank of river and at 
 foot of the Dobratsch till it 
 crosses to 
 
 Arnoldstein; thence skirting 9 m. 
 a portion of tlie plain noted for 
 the Turkish defeat in 1492, it 
 reaches 
 
 Villach (Ete. 243). 10 m 
 
 Rte. 224.—BRUNECKEN to 
 
 HEILIGENBLUT, by AN- 
 
 THOLZ, the VALLEY of 
 
 TEFEREGGEN, and the 
 
 KALSER THAL. 
 
 BRUNECKEN to 
 
 ENG.M. HRS. 
 
 NiederRasen.8 — 
 
 St. Jacob, Tefereggen Thai . 24 
 
 Kals, Kaiser Thai.25 — 
 
 Heiligenblut.— 7 
 
 The post-road as far as Nieder Rasen; 
 a country road, good for light carriages, 
 to Gassen, near the head of the Antholz 
 valley; bridle or foot-paths the rest. 
 
 By this very picturesque route, 
 crossing two easy cols, the mag¬ 
 nificent scenery of the Gross 
 Glockner can from this side be 
 most pleasantly reached by a 
 pedestrian. 
 
 From Brunecken keep the 
 high road of the Pusterthal E. to 
 
 Neunhauser; small Inn at the 
 opening of the Antholz valley 
 N., a short distance up which is 
 
 Nieder Rasen. Eoad conti- 8 m. 
 nues without much ascent to 
 
325 nte. 224 :.—BRUNMCKEN to HEILIGENBLUT. 32(3 
 
 4 m. Baths of Antholz {Inn, homely\ 
 an alkcilo-clialybeate spring, used 
 both for bathing and drinking, 
 and recommended for women. 
 The snow-peaks and glaciers of 
 the great chain can here be seen 
 beyond the head of the valley. 
 
 2 m. Antholz Village, also called 
 St. Walburg. (Small Inn.) 
 
 3 m. Gassen or Ohertlial: thence a 
 2 )ath ascends on the E. side of the 
 Antholzer See, a small but beau¬ 
 tiful lake embosomed in forests, 
 to the 
 
 6 m. Tefereggen Joch (6664 ft.), 
 the vast snowy mass of the Kiesen- 
 ferner or Hoch Gall group lying 
 to N. The scenery of the pass is 
 highly picturesque, resembling 
 the Klonthal in Glarus ; and the 
 
 Descent leads by another small 
 lake (whence the Riesenferner 
 above is finely seen), and by the 
 short valley of the Staller Alp, 
 into that of Tefereggen at 
 
 Erlsbach, the highest hamlet of 
 the latter valley. 
 
 [The upper portion beyond 
 Eiisbach is called the Affenthal, 
 and is shut in by snow mountains, 
 over which there is a path into 
 the Valley of Taufers (Rte. 224B). 
 The chalets of the vallev are all 
 
 t/ 
 
 built of stone on account of scar¬ 
 city of wood.] 
 
 To the rt., down the Tefereg- 
 genthal, is 
 
 7 m. St. Jacob {Inn, the Elder 
 Basslers, best, tolerable for the 
 situation.) 
 
 [A path leads in 7 hrs. S. to 
 Welsberg, in Pusterthal, by Ober 
 and TJnter-Gsies, Pichl, _^and 
 Taisten.] 
 
 [Also, from St. Leonard i m. 
 below St. Jacob, a path leads N. 
 over a small glacier in 8 hrs. 
 to Pregraten, in Virgenthal : a 
 fine route to Windisch Matrei 
 (see Rte. 224 a).] Passing 
 
 St. Leonard, it is 2 1 hrs. to 
 
 St. Veit {Inn: fair). 2 hrs. lower 
 still is 
 
 Hopfgarteil (Inn: tolerable), 14 m. 
 chief j)lace of the valley; 1000 
 Inhab. The Tefereggen Thai, 
 though narrow in parts, is pic¬ 
 turesque throughout, and below 
 St. Jacob well cultivated. A 
 coarse dress of undyed black or 
 brown wool used to be distinctive 
 of the people, and is still the 
 wonder. Most of the males be¬ 
 come ]3edlars, travelling all over 
 Europe with table-cloths, gloves, 
 
 &c., and supplying Tyrol with 
 the cowskin mats known as 
 Tefereggen Decken (tliough none 
 of these articles, it is stated, are 
 made in the valley). They all 
 return, if possible, to end their 
 lives in their native valley. 
 
 Below Hopfgarien it is a fine 
 but gloomy scene of Alpine de¬ 
 vastation, and the Tefereggen 
 Bach descends in several small 
 cascades. Presently 
 
 The Alpen Thai opens S. 
 
 [A path ascends this, and 
 passes over by the Bockstein to 
 the Biirglerthal, by which it 
 reaches the Pusterthal at Mitte- 
 wald, 8 to 10 hrs.] 
 
 A fine view is displayed near 
 village of Huben, just before en¬ 
 tering the 
 
 Isel Thai. To the rt. this val- 3 m, 
 ley descends to Lienz (Rte. 226). 
 
 [The route to Heiligenblut from 
 
 M 2 
 
327 me. ^.‘l^.—BnTJNEOKEN to JIEILIGENBLUT. 
 
 328 
 
 this point may be varied to ad¬ 
 vantage as regards scenery, 
 tliougli not distance, by ascend¬ 
 ing the Iselthal N. to Windisch 
 Matrei, 2 hrs. {Inn, Rauterer’s, 
 excellent), and crossing over a 
 pass E., the Matreyer Joch (7360 
 ft.), into the upper Kalserthal, 
 4^ hrs.: stiff climbing first f hr. 
 Avoid watercourse, keep up the 
 alp to rt., bearing round rt. till 
 clear of forest, then 1. to what 
 appears lowest point of the hill, 
 where it is all smooth pasture. 
 Summit marked by a cross. 
 {Good alpine'plants.') View here, 
 over surrounding mountains, is 
 magnificent. From no other 
 point in the Eastern Alps of so 
 low an elevation are 3 of the 
 mightiest masses of snow moun¬ 
 tain so closely and so perfectly 
 seen : the Gross Glockner is to 
 the 1 .; the Gross Schober (11,107 
 ft.) to the rt.; and behind, N.W., 
 is the Gross Venediger. Descent, 
 I lir., is easy to find; the lower 
 part is steep; avoid detour by 
 Grossdorf, the upper vill. in the 
 valley, and make direct for ch. 
 of St. Ruprecht, near which is 
 the Jnn.] 
 
 The direct route to Heiligen- 
 blut is up the ^ 
 
 Kaiser Thai, which opens im¬ 
 mediately opposite that of Tef- 
 ereggen. The entrance is con¬ 
 tracted; path up right bank, 
 through vill. of Peischlag and 
 thesome scenery, till at 
 
 7 m. Kals (Inn, near ch. of St. Ru¬ 
 precht) the valley becomes more 
 open, cultivated, and rather popu¬ 
 lous. i hr. further is 
 
 1 m. Grossdorf {no Inn), the princi¬ 
 pal village. The valley termi¬ 
 
 nates in fiauk of Gross Glockner, 
 seen at intervals. 
 
 [^Ascent of the Gross Glockner 
 (12,454 ft.) has been repeatedly 
 made from Kals, and is recom¬ 
 mended as preferable to the 
 route from Heiligenblut; it re¬ 
 quires, for a single traveller, 2 
 guides instead of 3, is i hr. 
 shorter, and more than half less 
 costly. 2^ hrs. to the night 
 quarters in the Jorgenliiltte, 011 
 the Kodnitz Alp, affording mag¬ 
 nificent views of the G. Glockner 
 and of the Kodnitz glacier at its 
 foot. Starting at 3 a.m., it is 2 
 brs. up the slopes to the Ked- 
 nitz glacier, which, with rope and 
 crampons, can be passed in i hr. 
 In 2 hrs. more the Burgwart- 
 scharte (very steep) is climbed to 
 the Adlersrulie, the point passed 
 in the ascent from Heiligenblut 
 (Rte. 244). From the huts to the 
 peah is 6^ hrs., exclusive of stop¬ 
 pages. Schmell, Schmidt, Grafies, 
 and Hut ten, to be heard of at 
 Kals, are able and trustworthy 
 guides. Provisions should be 
 brought from Lienz or Windisch 
 Matrei. (On the Burgwartscharte, 
 more than 10,000 ft. above sea, 
 Ranunculus glacialis and Aretia 
 glacialis may be seen in fiower.)] 
 
 \Route over the Kaiser Tauern 
 to Uttendorf in the Pinzgau .—■ 
 From Kals the path leads N. 
 through Grossdorf, and by W. 
 bank of the stream to the foot of 
 a hill (Auf der Steige) that seems 
 to bar all entrance to the upper 
 Kalserthal (known as the Dorfer 
 Aim).- The patli climbs the hill, 
 affording a fine View of the Kast- 
 ner glaciers, and descends to the 
 level ground of the Aim. The 
 last hut, affording night quarters, 
 but no provisions, is 35 hrs. from 
 
329 
 
 Bte. 224 :.—BRUNECKEN to HEILIGENBLVT. 330 
 
 Kals, and is opposite a fine water¬ 
 fall on the E. side the Laimet Ko- 
 gel. Here pasture ceases, and is 
 succeeded by stony debris; i hr, 
 further is the Dorfer See (6226 
 ft.), and 2 hrs. beyond that the 
 Tauern (8387 ft.) is reached; 
 crucifix on summit marks bound¬ 
 ary between Salzburg and Tyrol. 
 The Medels Kopf rises on the rt., 
 and in some years there is much 
 snow on both sides of the Col— 
 most on the N. side. Descent is over 
 countless blocks of rock, past, ist, 
 a green lake, and then a white 
 one, the Weiss See, to the SchaJ- 
 hiiliel, a mtn. that stands between 
 two branches of the Stubbach- 
 thal; the path climbs this, work¬ 
 ing to E. side of it, and coasting 
 round, to avoid the Tauern Mo¬ 
 rass ; passes a lake of that name, 
 at the N. end of the morass, 
 and ascends once more to W. of 
 the Sclnoarz KaJir See; then over 
 a ridge the traveller reaches the 
 llopfbach A Ip, the highest inha¬ 
 bited spot in the valley. This 
 belongs to a peasant (Enzinger), 
 who with 2 others have been 
 named, from the extent of tlieir 
 property, the 3 kings of Ober 
 Pinzgau. (The W. branch of the 
 Stubbachthal is reached by a 
 path along W. border of tlic 
 Weiss See and by the Schwarz 
 See to the Hopfbach Alp.) From 
 this point a car-road runs down 
 the valley to TJttendorf in the 
 Pinzgau (Etc. 230). From the 
 Dorfer Aim to TJttendorf is 8 hrs. 
 good walking. The scenery of 
 this 23ass, esi)ecially on the Kai¬ 
 ser side, is very fine, and the 
 whole is more continuously inter¬ 
 esting than any of the neighbour¬ 
 ing j)asses—the Kauriser, or the 
 Velber, over the main chain.] 
 [Path to Windisch Matrei by 
 the Mafreyer Jocli or Pi'asler 
 
 Tauern strikes offW. from Kals: 
 see above.] 
 
 The route to Heiligenblut from 
 Kals ascends the 
 
 Berger Thai, E., keeping on its 
 left-hand side, and steejD at first; 
 then by side of the hill, nearly 
 level with the Gol, which is seen 
 o2iposite, it crosses a torrent de¬ 
 scending from the Gross Glock- 
 ner (here coming into view), and, 
 immediately leaving the 2^i'iiici- 
 pal 2oath, bears to the rt., reaching 
 after a steep climb 
 
 The Col, or Peischler Thorl^ hrs. 
 (8766 ft.), between a spur of the 
 Gross Glockner N., and a pro¬ 
 longation of the Gross Schober 
 S., forming a wild and lofty ridge, 
 with a fine view. 
 
 Thence the path descends into 
 the 
 
 Letter Thai, easy for the first 
 hr., and then the footing becomes 
 awkward, especially at the 
 
 Katzensteig, wliere the 23ath2hrs. 
 follows a slippery ledge, covered 
 with broken slate, by the side of 
 a 2:)reci23ico, whieh, however, is of 
 no great depth. 
 
 Views of the glacier by which 
 the Gross Glockner is ascended, 
 and of the Sennhiitten, Avhich 
 aftbrd sleeping quarters. 
 
 Path crosses the torrent, and 
 descends through picturesque 
 larch forests to 
 
 Heiligenblut (Ete. 244.) From 2 hr.^. 
 Windisch Matvei to this place is 
 a hard day’s walk, as two passes 
 have to be crossed. St. Eu- 
 precht’s, however, affords a sleep¬ 
 ing 2fiace. The route is delight¬ 
 ful either way, but is perlia2)s 
 
 
331 Mte. 224 k.^WINBISCH MATBEI to BBUNECKEN. 332 
 
 best appreciated travelling from 
 W. to E. The neighbourliood of 
 the Gross Glockner is magnifi¬ 
 cent. The two ixisses are noted 
 among botanists. 
 
 Rte, 224 A.-WINDISCH 
 MATREI to BRUNECKEN, by 
 PREGRATEN and ST. JACOB. 
 
 WINDISCH SIATREI to 
 
 HRS. M. 
 
 Pregraten.j or lo 
 
 St. Jacob.8 
 
 This is an interesting variation 
 of the preceding route. It shows 
 the traveller the valley of Vir- 
 gen, grand in its upper part, from 
 its neiglibourhood to the Vene- 
 diger Spitze, and leads him over 
 a fine col opposite to that moun¬ 
 tain on the S. into the Tefereg- 
 gen Thai. From 
 
 Windiscli Matrei the rd. keeps 
 high on the N, slope to 
 
 5 m, Virgen (Inn: bcimPanzel).— 
 The path between this and Fre- 
 graten, ramifying through mea¬ 
 dows and woods, is difficult to 
 find. The car-rd. keeps still on 
 the heights, 
 
 1 m. Ober Manern. Ch. with eurious 
 frescoes in the interior, and a 
 gigantic St. Christopher outside, 
 with the date of 1468, Hitherto 
 
 scenery not interesting, but it 
 becomes very much so on ap¬ 
 proaching 
 
 Pregraten (Jwn; high charges), 4 m. 
 directly at foot of tlie Gross Verie- 
 diger Spitze (12,052 ft.), after the 
 Gross Glockner the highest of 
 the Noric chain. [The ascent of 
 the Venediger is made without 
 particular difficulty from this 
 vill,, and within a day, by a 
 good mountaineer. Bartholemy 
 Steiner, of Pregraten, first made 
 the ascent on this side, and acts 
 as guide. The N. side pre¬ 
 sents greater obstacles, but is fre¬ 
 quently made from the Sulzbach- 
 thal (Rte. 230),] 
 
 [Above Pregraten the valley 
 takes the name of the Umbal- 
 thal, and a bad path, described 
 Rte. 2 25 A, leads over a snowy 
 ridge in 7 hrs. to Heiligengeist 
 in the Ahrenthal, and forms 
 another route to Brunecken. This 
 pass is spoken of as most interest¬ 
 ing—“ the Timblcr Joch nothing 
 to it.’’] 
 
 From Pregraten, whence it is 
 now essential to take a guide, 
 our route lies up the 
 
 Lasnitz Thai by a wild and 
 rugged path to the mountain 
 ridge which separates the Virgen- 
 thal from that of Tefereggen. 
 
 The path is lost over rocks and 
 snow in the upper part of the 
 pass, and the 
 
 Col is covered by a small 
 glacier, rather steep, and requir¬ 
 ing crampons, which, of a peculiar 
 but useful shape, are universally 
 used by the people of these 
 valleys. Vieiv is very fine, both 
 of the central chain N., where the 
 Venediger Spitze is seen rising 
 1 out of an extensive sea of ice; 
 
333 Rte. 224 b.—ST. JACOB to HEILIGENGEIST. 334 
 
 and S., where it commands the 
 wdiole range of dolomite peaks 
 which line the Pusterthal, their 
 fantastic and picturesque forms 
 being seen to particular advan¬ 
 tage, (,To the immediate 1. is 
 the tower-like peak of the 
 Lasorling (10,158 ft.), ascended 
 by Von Soiiklar, in 1861, with 
 difficulty, in 62 hrs., from his 
 night-quarters on the Lasnitzen 
 Alp. The Mnsspitz, a little to 
 the N, of it, is only 20 ft. higher.) 
 The descent is down the valley 
 of the 
 
 Tegisoh, a small stream which 
 enters the valley of Tetfereggen 
 at 
 
 St. Leonhard, which is only 
 about I m. below 
 
 8 hrs. St. Jacob (Inns ): Ete. 224. 
 
 Rte. 224 B.-ST. JACOB to 
 HEILIGENGEIST, by the 
 OCHSENLEUTE TAXJEIIN. 
 
 ST. JACOB to 
 
 Has. 
 
 Col. 
 
 Heiligengeist.2 
 
 Leaving St. Jacob, the Valley 
 of Tefereggen becomes wilder, 
 and cultivation ceases. 
 
 l^hr. Bridge to 1 ., where the path 
 to Antholz and Brunecken crosses 
 
 the Scliwarzbach. Here the valley, 
 now called the Affenthal, turns 
 towards the N., and the path to 
 theTauern continues along 1. bank 
 of stream to a 
 
 2 nd Bridge, by which tlie path ] 1 hr. 
 crosses to tlie rt. bank. At the 
 end of another hr. there is a 
 little climbing, the ascent hither¬ 
 to having been very gradual, 
 though undulating; then the 
 valley forks, the 1. branch is 
 taken, and just within its entrance 
 is 
 
 Jagdhaus Alp (6601 ft.), on the hr. 
 Atfenbach, a collection of a dozen 
 or so Alp huts, used only in sum¬ 
 mer. The valley now circles ra¬ 
 pidly round to the rt, northward, 
 leaving behind it on the S. side 
 the fine glacier of the Fleisch- 
 bach; then the path ceases, and 
 at a 
 
 Small hut the ascent to the 1 hr. 
 Tauern begins, with no difficulty 
 excepting that arising from loose 
 crumbling slate near the 
 
 Summit, or Merhjocli (9279 ft.). hr.. 
 The views hitherto have been 
 grand only at intervals; but 
 from the Tauern the prospect is 
 “most glorious and sublime.” 
 
 In front, and stretching west¬ 
 ward, is the sno'w-clad range of 
 the Zillerthal group, while the 
 mighty Drei Herrn Spitze (11,492 
 ft.) is seen to the rt., partly hidden 
 by an intervening peak. Behind, 
 
 S., the view is scarcely inferior, 
 for there the Hoch Gall (11,283 
 ft.) shows his untrodden snow 
 above the immense Gross Leng- 
 stein glacier. The Tefereggen 
 Valley is terminated suddenly, 
 close to the summit of the pass, 
 
 
335 Bte. 225 .—BRUNECKEN to ZELL hij KRIML 
 
 33 G 
 
 by a wall of granite, the clay 
 slate resting upon it on each side. 
 
 The descent into the Alirn- 
 thal is over a glacier, too steeply 
 inclined to be traversed without 
 crampons, or unless tlie snow is 
 tolerably deep. The alternative 
 is a path round the head of the 
 glacier, which is certainly un¬ 
 pleasant if not dangerous. The 
 necessity for a guide is here 
 apparent. 
 
 I2 hr. A copper-mine is passed near 
 the bottom, and soon after on the 
 rt, is reached, for sleeping quar¬ 
 ters, 
 
 Kasern {Inn), 515 8 ft. There is 
 only a ch. at the neighbouring 
 
 ^hr. Heiligengeist, see Ete. 225. 
 The whole walk occupies 8^ hrs., 
 exclusive of stoppages, to do it 
 comfortably. 
 
 Rte. 225 .—brunecken to 
 ZELL, in ZILLER THAL, by 
 VALLEY of TAUFEKS and 
 the KRIMLER TAUERN. 
 
 BRUNECKEN to 
 
 ENG. M. HES. 
 
 Taufers.10 3 
 
 Kasern, near Heiligengeist. 18 6 
 
 Kriml Inn.— 9 
 
 Zell.— 8 
 
 The valley is about m. long, v ith a 
 good carriage-road as far as St. Valentin, 
 
 near Heiligengeist. Tolerable country 
 inns at Taufers, Steinhaus, and Kasern 
 (near Heiligengeist), and a good one at 
 Kriml, to wliich, from Brunecken, it is 
 reckoned 17 or 18 hrs. 
 
 This route conducts the travel¬ 
 ler into N. Tyrol by the pass 
 which separates the Zillerthal 
 group from that of the Noric Alps. 
 It abounds in striking views of 
 the snowy chain, and leads past 
 one of the noblest waterfalls in 
 Europe (Kriml) at its northern 
 foot. The Valley of Taufers, by 
 which it is approached from the 
 S., is the most considerable side 
 valley of the Pusterthal, and is 
 as interesting for its scenery, as 
 remarkable for its populousness. 
 The Ahren,by which it is watered, 
 gives its name to the upper 
 portion. Running nearly due N. 
 from 
 
 Brunecken, the rd. passes over 
 a small open plain to 
 
 St. Georg. At the entranee of 2 
 the valley, and the first village 
 of importance, is 
 
 Gais, 1 . bank of stream, with a 1 
 ch. of 9th or loth centy. S.E. on 
 the hill is the Castle of Kehlburg, 
 anciently belonging to the Bps. 
 of Brixen. 
 
 [The 3 IuJdbacli Thai penetrates 
 N.E. to the snowy group of tlie 
 Antholz Mountains; and at alx»ut 
 ? m. distance are the Baths of 
 Miihlbach.] 
 
 From Gais the road crosses the 
 Ahren, passes in hr. the ruins of 
 Schloss Neuliaus, and reaches 
 
 Uttenbeim, 524 Inhab., with a2 
 castellated mansion at further 
 end, and a ruined fort above on 
 
337 
 
 Rte. 225.—BRUNECKEN to ZELL hij KBIML. 
 
 338 
 
 the 1 . The next large group of 
 cottages is 
 
 3 u). Muhlen, at entrance of the 
 Muhlwalder Thai. 
 
 [This valley stretches west¬ 
 ward, and then turns N. to the 
 foot of the Hoch Feil and the 
 Moselenock, belonging to the 
 Zillerthal chain. Lappach (4633 
 ft.\ the highest vill., atfords 
 quarters for the ascent of either 
 of those mountains. The latter 
 can be ascended, and Ginzling 
 in the Zemtlial reached, in 16 
 hrs. from Lappach. See Ete. 
 230.] 
 
 1 m. Taufers, or Sand in Taufers 
 (Inns: Post, and Elephant; the 
 former comfortable for a pedes¬ 
 trian, and cheap), at foot of the 
 precipitous Pursteiuwand, and 
 
 ' amidst very picturesque scenery. 
 See the view from the castle, 
 Avhich formerly closed by a wall 
 the further passage of the valley ; 
 dating from the nth centy., re¬ 
 built 148 r, and now partly in 
 ruins, it is inhabited only by a 
 peasant family. The Bainthal 
 enters to the E. of Taufers. In 
 the angle between the Ahren and 
 the Kain are the Baths and Lnn 
 of Winhel, said to afford good 
 ac comniodat ion. 
 
 [Tile Bainthal is well worth 
 exploring. Its only village, St. 
 Wolfgang, is 4 hrs. from Taufers, 
 and opposite the entrance of the 
 Bachernthal, E., which leads 
 up to the Gross Lengstein gla¬ 
 ciers, and is closed l3y a noble 
 amphitheatre of snow mountains, 
 the highest of which, the Hoch 
 Gall (11,283 ft-)» is the loftiest of 
 the Anthoiz group. The other 
 branch of the valley above St. 
 'Wolfgang is the Knuttenthal, 
 N,, by which a path crosses in 
 
 4 hrs. the Klammljoch (7605 
 ft.) to the Jagdhaus Alp, in the 
 uppermost part of the Tefereggen- 
 thal; thence it is i hr. of weari¬ 
 some ascent and descent, and 
 through forests of Finns cembra, 
 to the Oherhaus Alp, from which 
 point to St. Jacob, Kte. 224, it 
 is 3 hrs.] 
 
 On leaving Taufers, and pass¬ 
 ing the castle, the now narrowing 
 valley takes the name of the 
 Ahren Thai, and becomes ro¬ 
 mantically beautiful. It first 
 bends towards the N.W., till at 
 
 Liittach (I^in) it turns de -3 m. 
 cidedly N.E., and becomes ex¬ 
 tremely populous. 
 
 [The Weisse 7 ibach Thai opens 
 here W., and an interesting ex¬ 
 cursion may be made up it ig In-, 
 to Ch. of St. Jacob.] 
 
 Houses now almost line the 
 way, and much copper-smelting 
 is going on. Snow mountains 
 also come very finely in view, 
 each small lateral valley N. 
 breaking into the main Ziller¬ 
 thal range. The first of these 
 is the Trijjp Thai, N. 
 
 St. Johann is the parish ch. 3 m. 
 of the Ahren Thai; it contains 
 pictures by Schopf. The open¬ 
 ing of the Frank. Thcd N. is 
 passed. 
 
 Steinhaus (a good Lnn, best 3 m. 
 sleeping-place hereabouts), at 
 entrance of the Keil Thai, N. 
 
 The IFaZZ Thai soon follows. 
 
 St. Jacob. [Near this is a path m 
 over the llorndl Joch (8365 ft.) 
 into the Sondergrund branch of 
 the Ziller Thai (Rte. 230).] 
 
 St. Peter, ch. upon a pic- 3 ;? m 
 
339 Bte. 225 .-~BRUNECKEN to ZELL hy KMTML. 340 
 
 turesque rock. Here the third 
 or highest portion of the valley, 
 now called the Prettau, is en¬ 
 tered. 
 
 3 m. St. Valentin, 4580 ft. [A path 
 by the WeissJcalirscharte (8481 ft.) 
 leads into the Hundskehlgnmd 
 branch of the Ziller Thai.] 
 
 Eoad beyond this bad. 
 
 Iro. Kasern, 5181 ft. [Inn: small, 
 but recommendable), 
 
 1 m. Heiligengeist, no Inn, but a 
 small ch., built 1455, as house of 
 prayer for travellers over the 
 Kriml, and to afford a burying- 
 groimd for those who perish¬ 
 ed. Considerable copper-mines, 
 worked since 15 th centy., and 
 employing 200 men, are in the 
 neighbourhood, and the metal is 
 also obtained by steeping old 
 iron in the water flowing from 
 the mines. 
 
 [A highly praised but some¬ 
 what difficult route strikes off 
 here E., up theWindbachthal, and 
 over a secondary ridge to Fre- 
 (iraten in the Virgenthal, and so 
 to Windisch Matrei. Kte. 225 a.] 
 
 A guide for the Kriml may 
 be hired among the numerous 
 cheese-carriers employed over 
 the pass—strike a bargain. Koad 
 ceases at Heiligengeist; path con¬ 
 tinues up the valley, l.-hand 
 side. Ascent commences in 5 
 lir. At extremity of valley the 
 Ahren issues from the base of 
 the miglity Drei Herrn Spitze 
 (11,492 ft.), so called from the 
 “three lords,” the Counts of 
 Tyrol and Gorz, and the Abp. of 
 Salzburg, whose domains met at 
 that point. Path to the Tauern 
 is tolerably marked, bqt might 
 
 easily be missed in foggy wea¬ 
 ther. Just before reaching 
 
 The Col (8994 ft.), at a point 3 hrs. 
 marked by posts, a path to 1., 
 and a circuit of 10 min., avoids 
 the glacier on the other side. 
 
 The vtew is very fine: below, 
 on one hand, the vast glaciers of 
 the Drei Herrn Spitze; on the 
 other, the fertile vale of Taufers, 
 and the towering head of the 
 Hoch Gall, S.E. 
 
 A spring, on the descent, of | hr. 
 excellent water, 1. side of stream. 
 
 Path turns abruptly to 1 . into 
 the Achen Thai, and just above 
 this, from among blasted and 
 fallen pines, the largest glacier 
 of the Drei Herrn presents a 
 scene hardly surpassed for savage 
 grandeur. 
 
 Tauernhaus, a chalet, where hr. 
 it is possible to sleep. 
 
 Path continues down the valley 
 through wild and picturesque 
 scenery, and by 2 or 3 cascades; 
 one of them, the Rainbach, offers 
 a beautiful picture, having a 
 mountain with pointed summits 
 and flue glaciers (Reichen Sp. or 
 Ziller Sp. ?) for background. 
 
 Falls of the Ache. Fine view 2 hrs. 
 of the Pinzgau Valley below, 
 from eminence above the falls. 
 
 These are almost unrivalled, the 
 uppermost far tlie finest (de¬ 
 scribed Ete. 230). About m. 
 distant from the lower fall is 
 
 Kriml (a very fair Jn?^, Kirsch-1 hr. 
 dorfer’s; horses for hire here). 
 
 For visiting the waterfalls another 
 hr. should be added to the de¬ 
 scent, (In reversing the route it 
 
311 B. 225 A.—HEILIGENGEISTto WINDI 8 CHMATREL 342 
 
 is reckoned 5 hrs. to tlie Taueni- 
 lians, 2 to the summit, 3 to 
 Heiligengeist'). [Char-road from 
 Kriml to Mittersill in tlie Pinz- 
 gan, about 19 m., or 4^ lirs. to 
 drive.] 
 
 A Path, described Ete. 230, 
 leads from the waterfall to 
 
 4 hrs. Gerlos (tolerable Inn), a long 
 vill. in a marsh; rough bridle- 
 track hence, 14 m., to 
 
 4 hrs. Zell, in Ziller Thai (several 
 good Inns): see Ete. 230. 
 
 Rte. 225 A. - heiligen¬ 
 geist in the AHREN THAI 
 to WINDISCH MATREI in 
 the ISELTHAL. 
 
 HEILIGENGEIST to hrs, 
 
 Pregraten.". . . . 7 ^ 
 
 '\V 9 ndisch Matrei. 
 
 By this pass the traveller may 
 continue on the S. side of tlie 
 Noric chain, instead of crossing 
 it by the Kriml, and by the 2 
 further passes (described Ete. 
 224), reach Heiligenblut. It 
 offers in itself also extremely fine 
 and interesting scenery ; use the 
 crampons of the country. 
 
 nearly lost towards the end, but 
 a depression in the mountain- 
 ridge, covered with smooth snow, 
 marks the 
 
 Col, or Vorder Umhalthor^ hrs. 
 (9723 ft.), directly S. of which is 
 the great mass of the Eiidt or 
 Welitzspitz (11,459 ft.). This is 
 easy to pass, but requires some 
 care to avoid hidden crevasses. 
 
 View of the grand near mass 
 of the Drei Herrn Spitze, and of 
 snowy peaks all round. 
 
 Descent to the 1 ., over a steep 
 slope of frozen snow—crampons 
 needed—to a moraine, by which 
 
 The main or Timbal Glacier is 
 readied, running down into the 
 valley. Keep on rt. of this some 
 distance, and then strike across, 
 descending partly on moraine, 
 partly on ice, 
 
 ^ Leave the ice for a path on i hr. 
 hillside (grand view looking back) ; 
 valley below, the Umbal Thai, 
 long, narrow, and desolate. 
 
 Path leaves the hillside, and i hr. 
 crosses torrent by a bridge. 
 
 Valley, now the Upper Virgen 
 or Umbalthal, becomes very pic¬ 
 turesque, with exquisite glimpses 
 of distant mtns. E. 
 
 Pregraten (Inn, dear, but 3 hrs. 
 where a good dinner may be had). 
 
 From here itis about lo ni. through 
 Virgen (see Ete. 224 a) to 
 
 Windisch Matrei. Inn: Eau- 3 | hrs. 
 terer’s, excellent. Ete. 226 , 
 
 From Kasern {Inn) the path 
 goes by Heiligengeist i m., and 
 up the Windhaclithal, E. It is 
 
! 
 
 n 
 
 Rte. 226 .-'IIENZ in ths 
 PUSTEKTHAL to MITTES- 
 SILL in PINZGAU, by 
 WINDISCH MATEEI and the 
 VELBER TAUERN. 
 
 LIENZ to 
 
 HRS. ENG. M. 
 
 Windiscli Matrei ... 6 or 17 
 
 Tauernhaus.4^^ 
 
 llittersill.9.^ 
 
 Cariiage-road to Wiudisch Matrei. 
 Path over the Tauern requires a guide. 
 
 The valley of the Isel, de¬ 
 scending from the high chain in 
 a S.E. direction, till it joins that 
 of the Dravc at Lienz,is interest¬ 
 ing ; its lateral valleys open up 
 the S. side of the Noric Alps 
 {see Rtes. 224, a, and b), and the 
 pass at its head, crossing them 
 about half-way between the 
 Venediger Spitze and the Gross 
 Glockner, displays higlily roman¬ 
 tic scenerv. Just outside 
 
 Lienz the road crosses the Isel 
 to 1. bank, and presently enters 
 tlie 
 
 2 m. Isel Thai, keeping by the 
 stream, which flows fo]- some 
 distance in a ravine. The first 
 village is Ober Lienz, and the 
 next 
 
 2 ni. Aineth. In 1809 the inhab. 
 of Lienz fled for refuge to the 
 Iseltlial, where a detachment 
 of French was routed by the 
 peasants, commanded by Oblasser, 
 an innkeeper of Aineth, wlio, 
 afterwards made prisoner, was 
 
 St. Johann im Wald {Jnn). A 4 m. 
 little flirther the Michelbacher 
 Thai opens W. [leading to the 
 IMarenwalder Alp, offering rare 
 alpine plants, and a fine view"]. 
 Presently, at Peischlach, the val¬ 
 ley of 
 
 Tefereggen opens 1 ., and 3 m. 
 that of Kals ri. (see Etc, 224). 
 
 Tiie rd. now crosses again to the 
 1 . bank of the Isel, and ascends 
 tlie valley in a nearly due N. 
 direction, mostly tlirough wood, 
 until it enters a wide Lisin, into 
 which the 
 
 Virgen Thai opens on 1 . [Tliis 5 m. v 
 leads up to the base of the Ve- ^ 
 nediger, where the Isel rises, and 
 is worth exploring. Rte. 224 a.] 
 
 A sliort distance further is 
 
 Windisch Matrei (Inn, Rau -1 m. 
 terer’s, very comfortable), chief 
 vill. of the valley, said originally 
 io have been a Roman stat.; it 
 Avas seized b}^ the Slovenes in the 
 7th centy., whence its name of 
 Windisch. It is prettily situated '■ 
 in a Avide basin, overlooked by 3 •; 
 
 old castles ; those of Weissenstein 
 Tupon a-dolomite rock ) and Zol- 
 lieim are still partly habitable. 
 
 The situation of this place, 
 and its good Inn, render it of 
 importance in the chain of routes 
 to the S. of the Noric range— 
 
 W. towards Brunecken, E. to¬ 
 wards Heiligenblut (see Rtes. 224, 
 
 224 A, and 225 a). 
 
 [The path to Kals, 35 hrs., 
 strikes off E. immediately above 
 the Aullage, and is continued to 
 Heiligenblut, 7 hrs., over another 
 ridge)] 
 
845 Tde. 227 .—The GADER TEAL and GBODEN TEAL. 84 G 
 
 The path over the Velher 
 Tauern to the Pinzgau leads 
 directly rip the valley, N., to 
 village of 
 
 i hr. Proseck, where it takes to tlie 
 hill 1., as the stream there rushes 
 from a narrow defile ; presently 
 a fine waterfall is seen tumbling 
 from the top of a beetling pre¬ 
 cipice opposite, and the descent 
 to tlie valley again is by a 
 hracJceted timher road against the 
 clitf, through an awful-looking 
 gorge, with the torrent hundreds 
 of feet below—“ a true Hohlen- 
 tlial.” The first vill. beyond is 
 
 1 hr. Grub, where the valley takes 
 the name of the Tauern Thai, 
 and the Frosnitzthal comes in 
 on the 1 . from the N.W. As¬ 
 cending the Tauernthal the 
 
 3hrs. Tauernbaus (4956 ft.) is 
 reached. A hovel of an Inn, 
 supplying bread, milk, and a 
 guide. [An excursion to the 
 Ohere Gscldossalm, requiring 
 2 hrs., affords a grand glacier 
 view of the Schlatenhees, one of 
 the most imposing glaciers in 
 the Eastern Alps, and of the 
 Gross and Klein Venediger and 
 Krystallkopfe, which dominate 
 the show basin that feeds it.] 
 
 Turning to rt. and leaving the 
 entrance into the Gschlosstlial 
 
 to 1., 
 
 The ascent of the Velber 
 Tauern commences, surrounded 
 by glacier scenery; in summer 
 the path is not difficult, and is 
 much frequented, but might 
 easily be mistaken. 
 
 8 hrs. The first Tanernhiitte. 
 
 The second. 1 hr. 
 
 The Tauernscharte, or sum-^ hr. 
 mit (8023 ft.), the frontier be¬ 
 tween Tyrol and Salzburg. Hero 
 the path crosses snow, and almost 
 immediately descends abruptly 
 on the N. side into the Velher 
 Thal\ scenery wild, rocky, and 
 solitary. About halfway down 
 is a remarkable 
 
 Semicircular precipice, seeming 
 to close the passage. 2 small 
 Inns are found near the foot of , 
 tlie pass. The second, called 
 
 Schosswend, rt., is the best. 
 
 The Unter Velher or Ammer Thai 
 falls in rt. about 3 m. before 
 entering the great valley of the 
 Pinzgau, where, leaving the vill. 
 of Velhen on rt., is 
 
 Mittersill (Inns : Grundmer, 5 hrs. 
 ■Bran Eeup), Rte. 230. 
 
 Rte. 227 . — BEUHECKEK, 
 through the GADER THAI 
 (Enneberg), to CORTINA 
 D’AMPEZZO, or by the GRO- 
 DEN THAI to BOTZEN. 
 
 BEUNECKEN to 
 
 KNG. M. HRS. 
 
 St. Leonhard.19 or 7^ 
 
 Cortina.. . . . — 7 
 
 ST. LEONHARD to 
 
 St. Ulrich, Gruden Thai . — 7 
 
 Ciistelruth.— 2 
 
 Botzen.— 5 
 
847 Bte. 227 .—The GADER TEAL and GRODEN TEAL. 348 
 
 Chav-rds. in the lower, and bridle or cart 
 tracks in the upper valleys; for the rest, 
 mountain-paths. Inns small, but fairly 
 clean. 
 
 The Gader and Groden valleys 
 are peculiarly interesting, ist 
 ill their scenery: for they lead 
 through, or give access to, some of 
 the jirincipal Dolomite mountains 
 (see Tyrol Introd.), the strange 
 and majestic character of which, 
 however, can only be fully appre¬ 
 ciated by excursions rt. and 1. 
 2ndly, in the language of their 
 
 * inhab. This is llomausch, but 
 diifering from that spoken in the 
 upper Orisons valleys, as it ap¬ 
 proaches nearer to the Italian, 
 resembling in this respect the 
 dialect of the Lower Engadine. 
 It is termed Ladinic, and is 
 traced to the presence of Eoman 
 military colonies, by which Rhoe- 
 tia was protected and held in 
 subjection: such were Sublabio 
 at the mouth of the Groden 
 Thai; Enna (Neumarkt) and 
 Tridentum, near the entrance of 
 the Fassa Thai; Ausugum in 
 Val Sugana, and Litamum, at the 
 mouth of the Gader valley. 
 
 From Brunecken keep the road 
 to Brixen for a short distance to 
 village of 
 
 2 m. St. Lorenzen. Here the castle 
 of Michaelsburg guards the en¬ 
 trance to the Gader valley, which 
 opens out due S. opposite the 
 convent of Sonnenberg, to whose 
 abbess much of it belonged. 
 Litamum was near the modern 
 village of Pflaurenz, 1. bank. 
 
 Scenery of the Gader is tame 
 in the lower part, but the rd. is 
 picturesque, winding among dark 
 pine-forests, and sometimes cut 
 out of the precipitous mountain 
 sides. 
 
 Valley of Enneberg, or Ranh- 6 m. 
 thal, is seen opening E. (The 
 name of Enneberg is sometimes 
 given to the whole Gader Thai.) 
 
 St. Vigil, backed by a primsoval 
 pine forest, is its highest and 
 principal village. Certain dolo¬ 
 mite peaks of the Ampezzo ap|)ear 
 at its head. 
 
 [There is a path from the 
 Enneberg a little above St. Vigil, 
 over the Ool di Latsch, into the 
 Frags Thai: see Rte. 223.3 
 
 The road descends to 
 
 Zwisehen Wasser, and passes 
 to the flank of the Pleisherg, 
 running at the edge of a gulf 
 with the torrent far below, where 
 a narrow tongue of land is seen 
 bearing a cottage called Klein 
 Venedig (little Venice). Pre¬ 
 sently it reaches 
 
 Picolein, opposite to which is 
 Tlmrn, on a peninsula, the site of 
 a village buried by a landslip; 
 bones, &c., are often dug up. 
 
 Preromanz (Pratum Ro- 5 m. 
 manum), opposite St. Martino, 
 and the opening of the vale of 
 Campil, W. Presently the 
 
 4 
 
 Wengen Thai opens E., 2 m. 
 where the inhab. are industrious 
 and opulent. The Gader Thai 
 now contracts to the Gorge of 
 Pontalg, beyond which it opens 
 into a district called the Abtei, or 
 in Romansch Badia Thai, giving 
 the name of Badiotes to its 
 inhab. The village of Abtei is 
 often called from its ch., 
 
 St. Leonhard (Inn, Evange- 4 m. 
 lista’s, close to ch,, tolerable; one 
 fair sleeping-room with 3 beds). 
 
 The traveller is now sm'romrded 
 
 by dolomite mountains. The 
 
349 nte. 227 .—The GADER TEAL and GRODEN TEAL. SSO 
 
 H. Kreuzkogel, E., is, however, the 
 only conspicuous one. The vill. 
 is built on a slope formed of 
 its deTris, and it threatens fur¬ 
 ther ruin; under it, but more 
 than looo ft. higher than St. 
 Leonhard’s, is the small pilgrim¬ 
 age ch. of Heiligen Kreuz, much 
 resorted to. 
 
 Beyond St. Leonhard the tra¬ 
 veller turns E. to Cortina and the 
 Ampezzo, or W. to the Groden Thai 
 and Botzen. 
 
 A. To Cortina. The path di¬ 
 vides at hamlet of 
 
 IJm. Muda, and turning E. along 1 . 
 bank of stream, reaches 
 
 3 m. St. Cassian (cure’s housekeeper 
 entertains travellers), celebrated 
 for enormous richness in fossil 
 shells of certain beds in the 
 volcanic ash of its vicinity. Herr 
 Clara, a noted collector, was for¬ 
 merly priest of this village. 
 
 [The direct path hence to 
 Cortina lies S.E. over the Val- 
 jpardla, and by the Tre Sassi pass 
 under the precipices of the To- 
 tana, about 6 hrs. The more 
 interesting, though circuitous one, 
 is the following.] 
 
 From St. Cassian, by wet green 
 slopes, the ridge may be climbed 
 which separates the valley of the 
 Gader from that of the Livin- 
 allungo. The track passes near 
 the fossil beds and the Prelongei 
 Berg on the 1 ., but there is no 
 regular path, and a guide will 
 save time. 
 
 Views from the summit, N. and 
 S., are very fine, including the 
 glaciers of the Marmolata. The 
 descent (to 1.) is over undulating, 
 frequently Iwggy slopes, till a 
 bridle - path is reached. The 
 
 scenery is especially picturesque 
 on approaching 
 
 Buchenstein or Pieve (3 41 hrs. 
 Inns : largest, in the Piazza, fair ; 
 Finazzers—with a shop—small 
 but comfortable). This vilL, 
 
 5000 ft. above sea, hangs on the 
 steep side of the hill. Fine view 
 of tlie Sella Spitze W., and of Mte. 
 
 Civita down the valley S.E,, as 
 also of the Marmolata over ridge 
 opposite, by climbing i hr. above 
 village. 
 
 \_Corfara, in Upper Gader Thai 
 (good Inn), may be reached from 
 Buchenstein over a grassy col in 
 3 hrs; Campedello in Upper Fassa 
 Thai, by ascending the Livin- 
 allungothal beyond Ai'aha, and 
 crossing a low pass to Gries, and 
 thence to Campedello in 5 hrs; 
 and Caprile (fair Inn, Pezze’s), 
 down the valley, and close to the 
 splendid scenery of Lago Alle- 
 gho in 2 hrs. From Caprile 
 Agordo is 6 hrs. further down the 
 valley, whence a good rd. 20 m. 
 to Belluno: Cortina, E., is reached 
 by Sta. Lucia and Mte. Gusella, 
 
 7 hrs. (an interesting pass), and 
 Campedello in ojDposite direction 
 by the grand gorge of Sottoguda, 
 and fine pass of the Fedaia, 7 brs. 
 
 For Caprile see Kte. 221.] 
 
 From Buchenstein an umbra¬ 
 geous terraced path with deli¬ 
 cious views, including a distant 
 glimpse of Lago Alleghe, is 
 carried round the hill N.E. to 
 
 Andraz (small Inn), and con- f hr. 
 tinning up this lateral valley 
 passes the 
 
 Gastello, a singular mined £ hr. 
 castle on an isolated dolomite 
 rock. A stream diverted, formed 
 once a moat on the side of access. 
 
 {This place is ivrongly marhed 
 
tv|M 
 
 361 Rte. 227 .— l%e GADEB TllAL and GBODEN tHAL. 352 
 
 Buchenstein in some maijs.) Keep 
 to rt. hand fork of valley; the 
 ascent is picturesque to the 
 
 1 hr. Summit of the Tre Sassi Pass. 
 (A little before this the direct 
 path from St. Oassian has fallen 
 in.) Hence, on the h, the lofty 
 precipices of Mte. Lagazuoi and 
 Mte. Tofana line the descent down 
 the Val Costeana by pastures and 
 woods, the Croda Malcora and 
 Antelao showing finely in front, 
 to 
 
 3 hrs. Cortina. Kte. 228. 
 
 B. From Sf. Leonhard to Groden 
 Thai and Botzen. 
 
 m. Muda, hamlet; where path 
 divides, take that to rt., which 
 pursues W. branch of the valley. 
 The vill. was once destroyed by 
 a rockfall, 1821, which formed 
 at the time a lake, Sompunter 
 See, no longer existing. 
 
 [To obtain a fine view of the 
 dolomites, and shorten the dis¬ 
 tance into the Groden Thai, a 
 path (6 hrs.) may be taken over 
 the Guerdenazza Plateau W. by 
 the Crespena Joch. It starts at a 
 point between St. Oassian and 
 Muda (opposite side of stream, 
 guide quite necessary) ; final part 
 of ascent by a labyrinth ot rocky 
 walls and terraces. Summit is a 
 pathless desert of white rock with 
 grand views of the neighbouring 
 dolomites, especially S., where 
 the Marmolata, Sella Spitze, and 
 Lang Kofel, are successively 
 finely displayed. At the narrow 
 isthmus of the Joch a steep 
 funnel-like descent leads into the 
 Lang Thai, and past the singular 
 Schloss Wolkenstein stuck against 
 the face of a precipice. Lofty 
 
 dolomite walls guard the exit of 
 the Lang Thai upon the Groden 
 valley at Sta. Maria : see below.] 
 
 Stern (small Inn). Ascending 1 m. 
 the valley beyond this, leave Col- 
 fosco, the highest vill., on the rt., 
 and cross stream S. to 
 
 Corfara (a fair country Inn,Si m. 
 with an otfset containing several 
 small but clean bedrooms). The 
 precipices of the Guerdenazza rise 
 loftily to N. (2 hrs. from St. 
 Leonhard.) 
 
 [From summit of a partially- 
 wooded hill, ij hr. from this 
 Inn E., is a magnificent view —■ 
 Marmolata with its glaciers. Sella 
 Spitze, Guerdenazza Plateau, 
 
 H. Kreuzkogl, and some of the 
 Ampezzo dolomites, all in sight. 
 
 The W. Noric Alps visible N. 
 
 Cortina may be reached by a 
 direct route (avoiding the circuit 
 by St. Oassian) over the Alp of 
 which this hill is a spur. It 
 offers very fine views, but after 
 leaving the Alp the way is very 
 difficult to find (no path), a 
 scramble by woods and rocks, 
 and at last by a small tarn to the 
 Tre Sassi, a wild scene, whence 
 easy walking (see above) to Cor¬ 
 tina. 8 good hrs. altogether.] 
 
 Ascent of pass now begins over 
 grass slopes between enormous 
 buttresses of the Guerdenazza on 
 rt., and Sella Spitze on 1 ., to the 
 
 Col (6992 ft.), whence is al| hr. 
 charming but steeper descent 
 among clumps of Finns cemhra, 
 under the magnificent precipices 
 of the Sella, and with the Lang- 
 kofel now in front, to 
 
 Plan, a veiy humble Inn, butiJ hr. 
 sufficient for night quarters. 
 
353 Rte. 221 .—The GADER TEAL and GRODEN TEAL. 354 
 
 [Here the route to Botzen may 
 be varied by taking a path which 
 strikes S. over the Evas, or Fassa 
 Joch, an easy and verdant ridge 
 to ascend on this side between 
 tlie Sella Spitze on L, and Lang- 
 kofel rt. Glorious views on sum¬ 
 mit level of the glacier side of 
 the Marmolata. A narrow path 
 marked by crucifixes leads with a 
 most abrupt descent into Val 
 Fassa at Canazei, 2| lirs. 4 hr. 
 further is Campedello (poor Inn, 
 Bernard’s, but better than Plan ; 
 one fair bedroom): see Ete. 221. 
 Hence, to reach Botzen, are 2 
 routes. — a. Down the valley, 
 noted for the Rosengarten dolo¬ 
 mites near Vigo, and for the 
 mineralogical treasures at Pre- 
 dazzo; then from Moena (or 
 Vigo), by a path crossing 
 
 the saddle between the Rosen¬ 
 garten and Latemar dolomites, 
 called the Caressa Fass, to Wal- 
 schenhofen, and by the romantic 
 porphyry gorges (Karneid Thai) 
 to Botzen.— Or, h. Up the Duron 
 Thai from Campedello, and over 
 the Seisser Alp, amidst a grand 
 array of dolomites, to Gastel- 
 ruth 5 hrs., and thence as be¬ 
 low.] 
 
 The Groden Thai or Val Gar¬ 
 dena runs E. and W. 18 m., 
 opening at Kollman on the 
 Eisack valley. The scenery is 
 more picturesque than that of the 
 Gader. Pop. 4600, occupying 
 numerous handsome villages, 
 mostly enq^loyed in carving cru¬ 
 cifixes and toys from the wood of 
 the Finns cerribra, now becoming 
 scarce : the exports of these to the 
 annual value of 4400Z., consigned 
 to agencies in the principal Euro¬ 
 pean capitals. Women work a 
 coarse bobbin-net, and ti-avel with 
 it themselves through Germany, 
 
 Kp. Tyr. ct Alps, 
 
 retaining an excellent character, 
 and returning to marry at home. 
 
 The dialect, Ladinic, a variety of 
 Romansch, differs from that of 
 the Gader Thai. 
 
 Santa Maria, or Wolkensteiu, | hr. 
 at entrance of Lang Thai, rt., 
 opening between grand dolomitic 
 walls. 5 hr. up is the curious 
 Schloss Wolkensteiu : see above. 
 
 [The path hence over the Cres- 
 pena Joch (already described 
 the reverse way) may be well 
 varied on this side by turning 
 rt. opposite the small chapel in 
 the Lang Thai; and ascending 
 a gully amongst fir-trees, a rough 
 climb of 2 to 3 hrs., to a col 
 overlooking the plateau. The 
 descent may be made to Colfosco 
 by the Crespena Joch, and Putz- 
 thal, or even by a scramble down 
 gullies to the rt. towards the Sella 
 Spitze and into the head of the 
 Gader Thai.] 
 
 Sta. Christina (a rural Inn), | In-, 
 the vill. on a height to rt. is 
 passed lower down. The chateau 
 of Fischberg, built by the Wol- 
 kensteius, but now a farmhouse, 
 occupies a picturesque slope 1., 
 and the gigantic peak of the 
 Langlcqfel (10,000 ft.j, impend¬ 
 ing on S. side of valley, begins 
 to show itself. This is one 
 of the chief dolomite moun¬ 
 tains, and deserves to be studied 
 from the Seisser Alp : see below. 
 
 From Sta. Christina inn a char- 
 rd. begins. 
 
 St. Ulrich {Inn, White Florse, 1 In-, 
 good; Adler), principal vill. of 
 Groden (4050 ft.). Madonna, 
 by a pupil of Canova, in ch. 
 Purger’s, close by, a good shoii 
 for carvings. 
 
 N 
 
355 Rle. 221 .—The GADER TEAL and GRODEN TEAL. 350 
 
 LANGKOFEL. 
 
 From St. Peter’s, below St. Ulrich. 
 
 [The Groden Thai now be¬ 
 comes a defile, with the stream 
 and road, the latter often very 
 steep, at the bottom. Vill. of 
 St. Peter is seen high np 
 to rt., and the rd. emerges be¬ 
 neath the picturesque castle of 
 Trostburg, belonging to the Wol- 
 kensteins, and over a covered 
 bridge upon the Brenner rd. (if In-, 
 to drive down, or 3 J hrs. to walk) 
 at Kollman (inn ); thence 15 m. 
 to Botzen : see Rte. 217.3 
 
 The more interesting, and far 
 more direct route for a pedestrian 
 to Botzen, diverges from the 
 Groden Thai at S. Ultrich, climb¬ 
 ing the hills S. by St.Michael, to 
 
 2 hrs. Castelruth {Inns : Pas 
 Lamme ; Rothe Rossi; both good 
 
 and clean). Spengler is an in¬ 
 telligent guide. Above the vill., 
 on a rocky hill, is the chapel 
 of St. Kummernitz, a female saint 
 with a beard, granted to protect 
 her virtue, and found effectual; 
 it grows still on her statue. 
 
 [Brenner Rd. can be reached 
 in 1 1 hr. at Torkele; carriages 
 there at the Inn. There is also 
 a bridle-track to Kollman.] 
 
 The Seisser Alp, famous for 
 rare plants, and the largest and 
 richest in Tyrol, feeding 1200 
 head of cattle, and yielding 
 abundance of hay, belongs to 
 Castelruth (Castellum Ruptum), 
 which occupies a lower plateau 
 of porphyry, witli numerous traces 
 of Roman and mediaeval import¬ 
 ance, the old Brenner rd. having 
 formerly passed over it. 
 
 [The Seisser Alp may be 
 visited en route from St. Ulrich 
 to Castelruth, by a path through 
 Pufl; thence ascending its.N.W. 
 outlier, the Puflatsch Alp (3 hrs, 
 good walking), whence the sur¬ 
 rounding dolomites are displayed 
 to great advantage; the Lang- 
 kofel, Platt Kogel, Ross Zahne, 
 Hohe Schlern, the latter the 
 most western member of the 
 group, stand in a half-circle E. 
 and S., and there is a distant 
 view, W. and N., of 4 chains of 
 snowy mountains, — the Ada- 
 mello, the Orteler, the Oetzthal, 
 and the Zillerthal portion of the 
 Norics. (From S.E. corner of the 
 Seisser Alp is a frequented track 
 by the side of the Platt Kogel 
 into the Duron Thai (fine view 
 of the Marmolata), by which is a 
 pictm’esque descent to Campedello 
 at head of the Eassa Thai: see 
 Rte. 221.) Path descends to 
 Castelruth on W. side of the 
 I Puflatsch.] 
 
357 me. 22 S.—INNSBRUCK to VENICE hy AMPEZZO. 358 
 
 I lir. Seiss. Path proceeds over a 
 pleasant cultivated plateau to¬ 
 wards the wooded flanks of the 
 Schlern, jutting from which ap¬ 
 pears the fragment of Schloss 
 Hauenstein, once the habitation 
 of the Minnesinger Oswald Von 
 AVolkenstein, date 1410. Beneath 
 . it the path from Eatzes falls in, 
 i^Ratzes Baths, 1 hr. distant, 
 are close under precipices of the 
 Sclilern ; homely accommodation, 
 crowd of peasfint patients, plea¬ 
 sant wood walks, best point for 
 ascent of the Schlern, 4 lu’s.j 
 The path from Eatzes leads 
 down to Atzwang, nearest Post 
 stat. on Brenner rd., and 9^ m. 
 from Botzen. The more direct 
 w^ay to Botzen for a pedestrian 
 is by 
 
 ihr. Vols, supposed to have been 
 once a Eoman Stat. for light 
 troops (Yelites), and down to 
 
 1 hr. Steg, where is a bridge over 
 the Eisack to the post - road, 
 m. from 
 
 2 ^hrs. Botzen: see Ete. 217. 
 
 Rte. 228 .—INNSBRUCK to 
 VENICE, by BRUNECKEN 
 and PASS of AMPEZZO. 
 
 INNSBRUCK to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Mittewald . 43 J 
 Brunecken . 25^- 
 Niederndorf . 14^ 
 Cortina . . ..26 
 Tai Cadore . 22 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Capo dl Ponte. 26 
 (Belluno . , 5) 
 
 Conegliano . 29 
 
 Venice (Rail) 41 
 
 L '227^ 
 
 Capital carriage-road to Conegliano, 
 thence rail (3 hrs.) to Venice. Eilwagen 
 daily to Niederndorf, by way of Brixen. 
 
 Thrice a week on to Bi-lluno, and thence 
 daily to Conegliano. Inns of a comfort¬ 
 able country sort. Travellers posting 
 need not go on to Brixen, but at Mitle- 
 wald hire for Unt Vintl, the first post 
 stat. in the Pusterthal, 
 
 This route is the only caiiiage- 
 road through the Dolomite Mtns., 
 several of which are finely seen 
 between Niederndorf and Bel¬ 
 luno. The other routes to Venice 
 are more interesting historically; 
 this surpasses them in scenery, 
 which is wild and romantic. 
 
 From Innsbruck, by the Bren¬ 
 ner rd. (Ete. 217), as far as 
 
 Mittewald {Inn: capital, but 43 |m. 
 dear). 
 
 Travellers hy dil. go on to Brixen, and 
 change there into the Pusterthal dil. 
 
 At fortress of 
 
 Eranzenzfeste the road turns 4 m. 
 off E., and crosses the Eisack by 
 the Ladritsclie Briiche. 
 
 [A little below this, at a si^- 
 post to Spinges, the pedestrian 
 can ascend the hill to that vill., 
 with fine views, and descend 
 thence to Miihlbach on the Pus¬ 
 terthal road, a shorter and plea¬ 
 santer way.] 
 
 The post-road winds round E. 
 and then N. through picturesque 
 broken country, the road from 
 Brixen joining it before reaching 
 
 Mtihlbach (Inn: Sonne, good 4 | m. 
 and cheap). The traveller is now 
 in the Pusterthal. 
 
 Unter Vintl {Inn: dear) is the 3 m. 
 first post stat.; 
 
 Brunecken {Inns: good) is the 14 m. 
 2nd; and 
 
 N 2 
 
1 
 
 359 Bte. 228 .—INNSBBUCK to VENICE hij AMPEZZO. 3 G 0 
 
 14 J m.Niederndorf {Inns: fair) tlie 3rd. 
 (For details see Kte, 223.) The 
 rd. now soon crosses the Kienz, issu¬ 
 ing from the Ilohlensteinthal S., 
 and ascends to a tract of elevated 
 land (4150 ft.), on the other side 
 of which the Drave takes its rise. 
 The vill. of Toblach is seen 1 ., 
 and at a 
 
 2 ^ in. Signpost the road turns S. to 
 penetrate the gorge of the Eienz. 
 (A short cut for a pedestrian 
 leaves the road at the 2nd bridge 
 from Niederndorf, and makes for 
 a brewery near the Toblacher 
 See, whicli it leaves to the rt. 
 and rejoins the road.) 
 
 Tlie Toblacher Sse is a shallow 
 small lake, buried in woods 
 below the rd. Tlie road keeps 
 on the E. side, and presently 
 enters grand portals of dolo¬ 
 mite rock, losing siglit of the 
 Pusterthal, and mounts through 
 forests and fine rock scenery, 
 where for more than a mile the 
 Eienz runs underground, to 
 
 7 m. Landroor Hohlenstein (Inn: 
 Post, clean and comfortable) ; 
 solitary cluster of houses where 
 the valley opens upon a green 
 meadow, and a desolate tarn 
 (Diirren See). Scenery grand and 
 gloomy. The splintered spires of 
 the DreiZinnen, 9831 ft. (3 battle¬ 
 ments), seen up a gorge to 1., and 
 in front Monte Ciistallo (10,644 
 ft.), fantastically jagged, and 
 holding glaciers, both dolomite. 
 
 [Up the gorged towards the 
 Drei Zinnen, or Cime di Lava- 
 redo, runs a path to Sexten, and 
 another diverges rt. to Auronzo, 
 both noted for extraordinary 
 scenery (Ete. 2 2 8a).] 
 
 Ed. formerly on E. side of 
 the lake, but destroyed by earth- 
 
 slips, is now carried by embank¬ 
 ments on the W. At 
 
 Schludersbach (Inn: small, but 
 good), Ploner, the Wirth, is a 
 good guide to glaciers of the 
 Cristallo. 
 
 [A path here strikes S.E., 
 ascends a low col, and reaches, 
 
 2 hrs., the Lago Misurina ; grand 
 dolomitic views. 2 hrs. more will 
 bring to Cortina (see below). 
 
 Another path climbs the woods 
 rt. above Schludersbach, ascends 
 by a striking ravine to a grassy 
 col (6508 ft.) E. of the G-eislstein, 
 and descends, fine views all the 
 way, to Brags Bad, 6 hrs. (Ete. 
 
 223.)] 
 
 Further on, a singular blood¬ 
 stained dolomite, the Geislstein, 
 or Orepa Eossa (10,281 ft.), is 
 seen on rt., and road ascends to 
 
 Ospitale, asolitary tavern, built 5 } m. 
 as hospice, with a small chapel 
 at side of the rd. Still ascending, 
 there soon appears to rt. a hole 
 in a crag above, through which 
 the sky is seen; the summit of 
 the Tofana comes in view front, 
 and presently, on 1., are passed 
 the ruins of 
 
 Peutelstein Schloss, on edsreofS m. 
 a tremendous precipice, which is 
 worth a few minutes across the 
 meadow 1. to visit for view down 
 the Ampezzo, and of the wild mts. 
 in all directions. W. is Monte 
 Tofana (10,721 ft.) ; a glacier is 
 seen among its precipices (first 
 ascended by Grohmann in 1863). 
 
 E. is Monte Cristallo, and on eacli 
 side of the Ampezzo rise lofty 
 dolomitic mts. In the distance 
 S. certain strange sharp j^eaks 
 belong to the Val di Zoldo. 
 
 The castle, once tlie northern- 
 
361 lite. 22S.—INNSBnUCK to VENICE hy AMPEZZO. 362 
 
 most outpost of Venetian terri¬ 
 tory, was captured with the 
 Ampezzo by the Emperor Maxi¬ 
 milian, 1511. (Between Ospitale 
 and Peutelstein, about ^ ra. be¬ 
 fore reaching the latter, a path 
 descends into gorge L, crosses a 
 fearful chasm, shows well the po¬ 
 sition of the castle, and rejoins 
 road below it.) 
 
 Beyond Peutelstein the road 
 is carried down zigzags, and by 
 a considerable detour (which 
 allows time for a traveller to 
 visit the castle, or take the path 
 through the gorge, and rejoin his 
 carriage at the bottom) into the 
 Ampezzo Valley crossing the 
 Boita, which rushes from the 
 gorge, and forms tlie stream of 
 the Ampezzo; scenery woody 
 and confined till near 
 
 Gm. Cortina d’Ampezzo (Inns : 
 Aquila Nera, good; Stella d’Oro, 
 at further end, small, but very 
 comfortable; Post); chief vil. and 
 centre of administration for Am¬ 
 pezzo district, clean and flourish¬ 
 ing. Ch., with a handsome mo¬ 
 dern campanile of white granite ; 
 a curious picture of Murder of 
 Innocents has been washed over. 
 Scenery around bare but striking. 
 Croda Malcora, or Sorapiss (dolo¬ 
 mite), impends, with many pin¬ 
 nacles, to the E., and the Antelao 
 shows like a vast obelisk lower 
 down, with the Sasso di Pelmo, 
 one of the most remarkable of the 
 dolomites, opposite to it W., but 
 not seen from Cortina. The Do¬ 
 lomite region E. and W. affords 
 many 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 a. To Logo Misurina, i^hr. to 
 pass of Tre Croci, E. of Cortina; 
 thence turn 1.; and on reaching 
 
 lake, h., ascend summit of Mte. 
 Plana, 5 h. beyond, for a view 
 into the heart of the dolomite 
 world. 
 
 b. To Forcella Grande, guide 
 necessary. From the Tre Croci 
 ridge descend rt. to a small clear¬ 
 ing in the wood with a shepherd’s 
 hut (Bastian’s); here a grand 
 rocJi amipliitlieatre opens S. in the 
 mass of the Malcora, with a 
 waterfall in the midst; descend 
 further through woods, i hr., to 
 the opening of the Val di San 
 Vito rt., which leads up to the 
 Forcella; here the great mass of 
 the Marmarolo lies on the 1 ., and 
 that of the Malcora, or Sorapiss 
 rt. The climb is through a 
 succession of basins and clefts, 
 keeping on the right-hand slope 
 to the Col (75 36 ft.), 3 i hrs. From 
 the uppermost basin, a climb to 
 the ridge rt, will show a glo¬ 
 rious vieio over the Ampezzo 
 valley to the western dolomites. 
 From this basin it is a short 
 ascent to the col; descent very 
 steep down a sort of funnel to a 
 small green promontory; noble 
 views of the Antelao close at 
 hand, and of the Pelmo opposite, 
 with the whole of the lower Am¬ 
 pezzo. From here bear rt. to a 
 small AliJ, and descend by a short 
 track to St. Vito, or by a longer 
 and easier to Chiapuzza. At St. 
 Vito is a small Inn ; have a car 
 waiting, for the return to Cortina; 
 take a long day. By the reverse 
 way Chiapuzza is the best point 
 to commence ascent. 
 
 c. The above-mentioned Water- 
 fall aftbrds a separate excursion. 
 From the herd-huts (Bastian’s) 
 below the Tre Croci, where it is 
 first seen, descend through the 
 woods to the stream, and climb 
 up to the fall. Beyond it is a 
 tarn (6334 ft.), 3 hrs., sublimely 
 
363 Mte. m.—INNSBRUCK to tENlOK hy AMPEZZO. 364 
 
 situated in the heart of the Mal- 
 cora precipices. The glen is 
 sometimes called Val Sorapiss. 
 Ascending this, and turning rt., 
 brings to the Seletta Pass (8696 
 ft.), a difficult rock climb, and re¬ 
 turn to Cortina may be made by 
 the Plan della Bigontina. 
 
 d. Ascent of the Sorapiss (10,858 
 ft.), the highest peak of the Mal- 
 cora mass (the name is some¬ 
 times applied to the whole), was 
 first made by Herr Grohmann, 
 in Sept. 1864, from the head of 
 the Val Sorapiss, in 5 hrs., de¬ 
 scending with great difficulty to 
 the Forcella Grande ; a wonder¬ 
 ful dolomitic view. 
 
 e. To Schloss Peutelstein, above 
 described; but vary route by 
 ascending nearly to the Tre 
 Croci, then scramble up rocks to 
 1 ., part of the Crepo di Sumelles 
 (fine view from summit, of 
 Marmolata, &c.), and descend 
 by Val Grande, uninhabited, to 
 Ospitale ; view of the castle in 
 descending very picturesque. Fol¬ 
 low road, but when near castle 
 turn 1. into gorge, as above de¬ 
 scribed. 
 
 Several routes diverge from 
 Cortina. 
 
 [A. By Monte Gusella to Ca- 
 prile, 7 hrs., and beautiful Lake 
 of Alleghe, which also possesses 
 in Monte Civita (10,438 ft.) one 
 of the sublimest specimens of 
 dolomite scenery. Striking view 
 from col E., and from vill. of Sta. 
 Lucia, of the Pelmo (Kte. 221). 
 Caprile (fair Lin, Pezze’s) is itself 
 a fine centre of excursions. The 
 valley thence may be followed 
 down to Agordo, 5 hrs. (Rte. 
 222 a), and through a grand 
 ravine to Bellimo, 20 m. further, 
 by a good rd.; or Val Fassa 
 
 may be reached by the surprising 
 gorge of Sottoguda and Fedaia 
 Pass in 8 hrs. (Rte. 221). 
 
 B. To the Gader or the Groden 
 valleys a path leads by the side 
 of the Tofana, and the Pass of 
 Tre Sassi to St. Cassian, 6 hrs. 
 (cure’s liouse), or i hr. further to 
 St. Leonhard's (small Inn, Evan¬ 
 gelista’s) ; thence the Gader may 
 be descended to Brunecken, or 
 tlie Western Dolomites explored, 
 by way of the Grodner Joch or 
 Guerdenazza Plateau {see Rte. 
 227). 
 
 If, however, the traveller be 
 bound for tlie Groden Thai, he 
 should avoid St. Cassian alto¬ 
 gether, striking off soon after 
 crossing the Tre Sassi, and climb¬ 
 ing by woods and rocky dells to 
 the great Alp above St. Cassian, 
 whence noble views and an easy 
 descent to Corfara (fair Inn) at 
 Ijead of the Gader Tlial, and foot 
 of the Groden Joch: 8 good hrs. 
 from Cortina. 
 
 C. The pedestrian may vary his 
 route southwards, by striking E. 
 over the Tre Croci, and by Palu, 
 near which is a grand view of Mte. 
 Marmarolo, to Auronzo (2 rough 
 Inns), which displays an exceed¬ 
 ingly fine dolomite range (ascend 
 a grassy hill, Monte Melons, for 
 the view); thence 14 m. of good 
 rd. leads to Pieve di Cadore, 
 through romantic scenery. Inn 
 fair at Tai, where is junction 
 with the Ampezzo road {see Rte. 
 2 28 a).] 
 
 Below Cortina, Zuel and Ac- 
 quabuona are the last vills. in 
 Tyrol; soon after 
 
 The Venetian Frontier is 5 
 
 crossed. Paper money no longer 
 taken. Country inns inferior. 
 
365 Ute. ‘IIS.—INNSBUUCK to VJBNICE hj AMPEZZO. ^ 
 
 Postmasters not always to bO 
 trusted. 
 
 4 m. St. Vito (Inn: small, but de¬ 
 cent), finely situated between tlie 
 Antelao and Pelmo. Forcella 
 Grande, as above, well taken from 
 liere; or Forcella Piccola, leading 
 to Pieve di Cadore between the 
 Antelao and Melcora, whence also 
 the ascent of the Antelao is best 
 made. 
 
 [The Antelao (10,890 ft.?) 
 commands both Cadore and Am- 
 pezzo, and is seen from Venice 
 and the Adriatic. The ascent, 
 by rather difficult rock and ice, 
 costs, without halts, 6^ hrs.up and 
 5 down. Ossi, of llesinego, near 
 Borca, is the only competent 
 guide; ascended 1863 by Groh- 
 mann, and in 1864 by Mr. 
 Latham and Lord P. Douglas.] 
 
 About I m. before reaching 
 Borca, the enormous devastation 
 caused by a landslip from the 
 Antelao, 1814, is seen, particu¬ 
 larly on rt., where 2 vills. were 
 overwhelmed, and 100 persons 
 perished. 
 
 2 m. Borca. {Inn: tolerable—2 de¬ 
 cent bedrooms) ; best quarters 
 for ascent either of Antelao or 
 Pelmo. 
 
 [Tlie Sasso di Pelmo (10,375 
 ft.), W., rises like a vast tower 
 on all sides, but summit may be 
 reached by a ledge and couloir 
 requiring a good head. Above 
 the couloir is a glacier. First 
 ascended by Mr. Ball in 1857—6 
 hrs. up, 5 down. View magnifi¬ 
 cent.] 
 
 [An easy pass, Forcella Forada 
 (6895 ft.), by side of the Pelmo, 
 leads in 7 hrs. to Caprile ; small 
 Inn atPescul, 4 hrs., in ValFior- 
 entina ; thence by Sta. Lucia (Etc. 
 
 221). From Borca an interest¬ 
 ing excursion may be made to 
 Zoppe', romantically situated at S* 
 base of the Pelmo," 7 m., or 3 hrs. 
 Titian took refuge there during a 
 pestilence in Cadore, and has left 
 a small picture in eh. A re¬ 
 markable dolomite, the Sasso di 
 Bosconero, seen S.E.] 
 
 Venas (Inn: tolerable). The 6 m. 
 Cadore scenery begins to open 
 finely. The road winds round a 
 vast ravine, showing Antelao N., 
 and vill. of Valle occupies a pictur¬ 
 esque promontory over theBoita, 
 from which the road now turns 
 away, and ascends by long gra¬ 
 dients over the battle-field where 
 the Venetians defeated the troops 
 of Einp. Max. in 1508, to 
 
 Tai Cadore (Inn, Giovanni 5 m. 
 Tommas ; plenty of rough accom¬ 
 modation and hospitable atten¬ 
 tion, but rooms charged higher 
 than in Tyrol). 
 
 [r m. N.E. from Tai is Pieve 
 di Cadore, birthplace of Titian, 
 1477. Small town on a ridge of 
 hill ending in a bluff, upon 
 which are the ruins of the castle 
 once belonging to Patriarchs 
 of Aquileia, afterwards to the 
 Venetian government, taken by 
 the French 1796; otters a fine 
 view. In the cli. is a reputed 
 picture by Titian over a side 
 altar belonging to the Veoelli. 
 
 On the tower of the Pretura (re¬ 
 cently modernized) is a crude 
 portrait of the great painter, 
 executed a few years back for 
 the Commune. The small house 
 in which he was born, down 
 a lane out of the S.E. end of 
 piazza under the castle hill, is 
 marked by an inscription. (By a 
 field-path from this, the high 
 road may be regained a mile 
 
367 Me. 22 S.-~INNSBRUCK to VENICE hj A 2 IPEZZ 0 . 368 
 
 below Tai.) Domegge, 4 m, up 
 valley of Cadore, is said to possess 
 a picture by Titian j)ainted for a 
 standard. At Zoppe (see above), 
 13 ni. W. from Cadore (leave 
 bigli-road at Vodo by foot-j)atli), 
 is a small altarpiece by him ; and 
 a fresco tliat lias been painted 
 over remains at Sta. Lucia, near 
 Caprile,where Titian was snowed- 
 up one winter time. The dolomite 
 mtns. in the neighbourhood of 
 Cadore appear in several of the 
 backgrounds of Titian’s pictures ; 
 Mte. Marmarolo (8924 ft.) N.W., 
 Mte. Cridola (8473 ft.) N.E. 
 
 A good but hilly road ascends 
 the Cadore valley, and branches 
 off 1 . to Auronzo (see above)—a 
 remarkable cul de sac, guarded 
 by noble dolomite mtns.; and on 
 the rt. leads E. through a fine 
 gorge to Sappada, whence is a 
 cart-track over a low pass to 
 Forni Avoltri, and eventually to 
 Tolmezzo on the Tagliamento. 
 Another leads N. over the Carnic 
 Alps to Inniclien in the Pusterthal 
 {see Ete. 2 2 8a.)] 
 
 From Tai Cadore the rd. 
 winds round into the gorge of the 
 Piave, and by zigzags (a short 
 cut for pedestrians strikes oft* 
 where rd. turns to 1. about 2 m. 
 from Tai) descends abruptly 
 upon 
 
 o m. Perarolo {Inn : good; not the 
 posthouse), at junction of Boita 
 with the Piave, in a deep ravine ; 
 busy place for the timber trade. 
 Eavine continues for several miles 
 between bare and riven moun¬ 
 tains; valley widens a little at 
 
 12 m. Longarone (lum : Post, good ; 
 Leone d’Oro). [A fine opening 
 E. leads to Cimdais, whence are 
 paths to the upper Tagliamento, 
 
 along the E. side of the pic¬ 
 turesque dolomite range ending 
 N. with Cridola (8473 ft.).] 
 
 It is about 14 m. from Longarone 
 to Bellmio. 
 
 Capo di Ponte. Load divides ; 9 
 [rt. , following the Piave, leads to 
 Belluno. 5 m. : Ete. 233]. 
 
 Ahold wooden bridge—of which 
 the buttresses, marked by winged 
 lion, witli date 1606, are proba¬ 
 bly Venetian—crosses tlie Piave 
 90 ft. above stream, and carries 
 road S., ascending a moderate 
 ridge, and then skirting tlie 
 beautiful 
 
 Lago Possino (or Sta. Croce), 
 upon which, near the S. end, is 
 
 Sta. Croce (poor Inn: but 0 m. 
 accustomed to provide dinner for 
 travellers); rd. then climbs over 
 an old moraine, and descends to 
 skirt shore of a small lake, 
 
 Lago Morto; desolate scenery ; 4 m, 
 valley closes again, formerly 
 barred by a wall, and issues 
 through a narrow defile at 
 
 Serravalle, 5350 Inliab,; re -5 m. 
 mains of mediaeval towers up 
 hills on either side. Ed. here 
 enters the plains. The best inns 
 are at 
 
 Ceneda (Inns : Eosa; Post; 2 m. 
 Aquila Nora; Leone d’Oro, the 
 best, is at S. end of town;; con¬ 
 siderable cathedral town. Ee- 
 mains of good frescoes in portico 
 of town-hall ; Euomo uninter¬ 
 esting fine view from pilgrimage 
 chapel on hill, or from Bishop's 
 castle, above the town. Ed. 
 passes through rich flat country 
 to 
 
sea jRte. 228 A.-INNTCHEN to CADOllE hy 8 EXTEN. 370 
 
 9 m, Conegliano (Inn: Post); here 
 liills finally subside, and rail 
 supersedes road. A huge castle 
 overlooks the town; remains of 
 frescoes hy Pordenone on some 
 house-fronts; , damaged altarpiece 
 by Cima in the Duomo. 
 
 (I’ravelling post the reverse ivay an 
 extra borse is required between Ceneda 
 and Santa Croce, Perarolo and Venas, 
 Sterzing and the Brenner.) 
 
 9 m. Spresiano Slat. For this and 
 following stations see North 
 Italy, Rte. 222. 
 
 9 m. Treviso. 
 
 14 m. Mestre. 
 
 4 m. Venice terminus. 
 
 Rte. 228 A.—INNICHEN in 
 PUSTER THAI to PIEVE DI 
 CADORE, by the SEXTEN 
 THAI. 
 
 INNICHEN" to 
 
 M. 
 
 Sexten.5 
 
 St. Stefano.17 
 
 Tai Cadore.18 
 
 A tolerable hill-road to St. Stefano, 
 tlience excellent to Cadore. 
 
 This route offers remarkable 
 scenery in the Sexten Thai, and 
 a fine approach to Cadore; also 
 
 the shortest communication be¬ 
 tween Eastern Tyrol and Venice. 
 
 Innichen ( Inn: Zum Baren); a 
 low hill, the last spur of the Oarnic 
 Alps, conceals the entrance to the 
 Sexten Thai. Upon it stood the 
 Roman city Aguntimn, frequent¬ 
 ly ravaged by the barbarians, 
 and destroyed, 610, hy the Slo¬ 
 venes ;, road winds through wood¬ 
 ed scenery. Wildhad^ small bath¬ 
 house, to rt. A path across 
 meadows 1. shortens distance, 
 and displays, up the Innerfeld- 
 tlial a magnificent view of the 
 Drei Schuster (10,350 ft.), 
 
 Sexten (Jhu small, but fair ; 5 m. 
 first by side of road below ch,; 2 
 clean bedrooms and friendly peo¬ 
 ple ; also I or 2 hoarding-houses 
 further on); thriving vill., in a 
 cheerful Alpine valley. i m. 
 beyond vill., magnificent amphi¬ 
 theatre of dolomite mts. opens rt. 
 up the Fischeleinthal, the prin¬ 
 cipal of which are the Drei 
 Schuster impending over Sexten, 
 and Monte Fopera (10,143 ft.). 
 
 Moos [patli strikes off rt. tolbni. 
 the Fischelein or Bach Thai; near 
 its entrance 1 . is Sexten Bad, 
 rough, but passable for summer 
 quarters. Thence a very fine 
 Excursion may be made by as¬ 
 cending tlie valley, taking a ri¬ 
 band fork, climbing to 2 small 
 lakes, and then crossing a col 
 above them into the Innerfeld- 
 thal, by which the traveller can 
 return to Sexten, and so make 
 the circuit of the Drei Schuster. 
 
 By the other fork (the Ober 
 Bacherthal) a pass may be made 
 between the Patern Kogel and 
 the Col Agnello into the Val 
 Marson, and by this into the 
 Auronzo Valley, 6 hrs. During 
 
871 nie. 228 a.— mmcnm to CADORE hy 8EXTEN. 87-i 
 
 the ascent “ the tremendous crags 
 and fantastic aiguilles charac¬ 
 teristic of the dolomites are seen 
 in the highest perfection.”] 
 
 The road now ascends by side 
 of Monte Popera, with tine back¬ 
 ward views, and through scattered 
 forest, to 
 
 4^m. Summit of Pass (5360 ft.), 
 where is a Mauthhaus, now a 
 rude Inn, formerly place of toll; 
 dreary spot, uo view. On the 
 
 Descent, the grand dolomitic 
 mtns. of Auronzo appear to rt., 
 while those of Sappuda are in 
 the distance S. The scenery 
 becomes romantic approaching 
 
 7 m. Comelica (wine and bread at a 
 small Inn), a populous district; 
 2 or 3 vills,, destroyed by fire, have 
 been rebuilt in ugly style. A 
 steep meadow-path saves much 
 time down to 
 
 4 m. St. Stefano (Inn : Giraldi’s); 
 a large Italian vill., in a fine 
 situation, on the new road from 
 Oadore to Sappada. 
 
 [^Sappada (German, Pladen or 
 Plon), 8 m., is an ancient German 
 colony among fine mtns.; beyond 
 it the rd., now only a cart- 
 track, ascends to Cima (Orfen), 
 another German vill., and crosses 
 a low pass, with fine views, to 
 Forni Avoltri {Inn: Cavallo 
 Bianco, passable). This and 
 Sappada are the best points 
 whence to explore the S. side of 
 Carnic Alps, or ascend Monte Par- 
 alba, or Hochweissstein(8828 ft.) 
 to the W., or Monte Cogliano 
 (Kollin Kofel), about 9 3 00 ft., their 
 highest peak, E. 
 
 Val Sesis leads from Sappada, 
 and Yal Degano from Avoltri, to 
 
 a pass, easy on the N. side, into 
 the Lessaeiithal; fine views from 
 summit of pass, and magnificent 
 from that of the Paralba, ascent 
 of which is made in i hr. from 
 the Col. See Rte. 223 a. 
 
 The rd., very rough, descends 
 through rich scenery to Rigolato 
 (small Inn), and by Comeglians 
 (Inn) to Tolmezzo, on the Tag- 
 liamento (fair Inn) (Rte. 250). 
 
 The whole route is interesting 
 and picturesque. 
 
 From Sappada an interesting 
 Excursion may be made S. to 
 the “ hasin ” of Sauris, 5 hrs., the 
 most ancient of the so-called 
 German colonies, occupying a 
 secluded hollow in centre of Friuli. 
 Tliere are 3 vills .—Sauris di 
 Sopra {Inn: Neidrer’s, decent), 
 Sauris di Sotto, and Latteis. A 
 path leads from the “ basin” over 
 Monte Pura (with a magnificent 
 view down the valley of Socchieve 
 or Tagliamento, to the Julian 
 Alps), and enters Val Socchieve 
 at Ampezzo, its chief town {Inn: 
 due Columbe, pretty fair;) a 
 good rd. thence to Tolmezzo.] 
 
 Turning S.W. from St. Stefano, 
 the road soon enters the magnifi¬ 
 cent gorges of the Piave at the 
 foot of Monte Cornon S., issuing 
 into the opener 
 
 Valley of Cadore. 7 m. 
 
 [A rd. at this point turns off 
 rt. through a narrow defile to 
 Auronzo (formerly Oberrentschy. 
 
 Villa Piccola, ist vill., has hand¬ 
 some ch. and official build¬ 
 ings ; Villa Grande, the 2nd, is 
 a long straggling vill. (2 rough 
 Inns beyond ch.). The valley is 
 remarkable for a wonderful range 
 of dolomites N., ending in the 
 peaks of the Cime di Laveredo 
 (the Drei Zinnen of Landro). 
 
373 
 
 Me. 22d.—SALZBURG to INNSBRUCK. 
 
 374 
 
 Mfe. Melons, a grassy Alp S., 
 displays a grand doloniitic pano¬ 
 rama, inclii'ling on S. the Foppa 
 and Monte Marmarolo. New road 
 constructing through valley (see 
 lltQ. 2 28).] 
 
 Tre Ponti, a triple bridge, for¬ 
 merly fortified, resting on single 
 centre pier at junction of Auronzo 
 stream with the Piave. Rd. 
 crosses again by a lofty 
 
 New Bridge at Pelos. 
 
 [Here a road branches off E. 
 to the large vill. of Lorenzago, 
 and is continued for a few miles 
 further in view of tlie great rock 
 walls of Monte Cridola, but at 
 jDresent ends abruptly in the 
 forest, beyond which a path leads 
 over the low grassy Col of Mauria 
 (4190 ft.) to the upper valley of 
 Tagliamento, the source of which 
 it passes. At Forni di Sopra or 
 Vigo (small Inn), 3 hrs. from 
 Lorenzago, a rd. is again found 
 descending througli the romantic 
 valley of the Tagliamento, called 
 Canal or Val di Soccliieve, of 
 which Ampezzo is tlie principal 
 place ( 2 m?, due Oolumbe), to Tol- 
 mezzo, 30 m., and thence to Udine, 
 35 m., capital of Friuli.] 
 
 [The hasin of Sauris (see above) 
 may also be reached from Pelos 
 by Laggio, and skirting along the 
 S, base of Monte Cornon and 
 beyond it E., until the track 
 from Sappada is fallen in with, 
 5 Ill's.] 
 
 3 m. Lozzo, a busy vill. 
 
 chapel of the Virgin, picturesque¬ 
 ly placed, is passed; and on a 
 ridge in A’ont, to which there is 
 a long climb, is seen 
 
 Pieve di Cadore, with the ruins 4 m. 
 of its castle overhanging the deep 
 ravine of the Piave to 1. There 
 is but a poor Inn here, but fair 
 quarters are met with at 
 
 Tai Cadore, on the Ampezzo 1 ni. 
 road {see Rte. 228). 
 
 Rte. 229. — SALZBURG to 
 INNSBRUCK. 
 
 SALZBURG to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Reicheiilaall . ii 
 Waidring . 22i- 
 Wdrgl . . Jif 
 
 ENG. M 
 Innsbruck (Rl.) J3i 
 
 922 '. 
 
 The quickest route is by rly., via 
 Rosenheim and Kufstein, in 8 hrs., Rte. 
 185. But where scenery is the object, 
 and not time, the post-road is preferable. 
 Posting, in 18 hrs., by means of Lauf- 
 zettel (5 i), but this allows of no stop¬ 
 pages. Best sleeping quarters are^ at 
 Reichenhall and Waidrivg. 10 m. of 
 Bavarian territory are crossed; baggage 
 should be sealed at frontier, to avoid a 
 search on re-entering Austrian terri¬ 
 tory. 
 
 3 m. Domegge, a dirty one, with 
 some old houses, a remnant of a 
 Titian picture, and a large new 
 ch. Further on, an opening in the 
 hills E. displays a strange array 
 of jagged dolomites; an ancient 
 
 This route is for the most 
 part through charming scenery. 
 After leaving 
 
 Salzburg (Rte. 195) the first 
 stage lies chiefly over the plain, 
 
lUe. 229 .~SALZBVRG to INNSBIWCK 
 
 375 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 with the majestic Untersherg to 
 the 1. 
 
 6 in. Eavarian Frontier is crossed 
 {Douane). The road enters the 
 Valley of the Saal, and the 
 mountains begin to close round. 
 
 ■1 m. Convent of St. Zeno 1 ., secular¬ 
 ized in 1803, but, in 1853, jiart of 
 it appropriated to an establish¬ 
 ment for the education of Eng¬ 
 lish girls; cli. is of 12th cent. 
 Notice sculptured portal, stalls, 
 monuments, cloisters. To rt. 
 appear the long evaporating- 
 houses of the salt-works. 
 
 1 m., Eeichenhall {Inns : Post, 
 clean and comfortable; Lowen- 
 brau ; Hohenstaufen, moderate ; 
 also several Pensions. Achsel- 
 mannstein, close by, W., is a 
 frequented bathing establish¬ 
 ment, and good Inn, much visited 
 by N. Germans; brine-baths, 
 and goats’ whey), a cheer¬ 
 ful flourishing Bavarian town, 
 chiefly rebuilt since a conflagra¬ 
 tion in 1834. Pleasant view 
 from the Castle ruin above. 
 Is the centre of the Bavarian 
 salt-works, which are constructed 
 in some respects on a more 
 scientific and effective principle 
 than those of Austria. There 
 are 18 salt-springs, 50 ft. below 
 the siu’face, reached by a shaft. 
 The strongest and most abun¬ 
 dant, the Edelquelle, is per¬ 
 haps unequalled for copiousness, 
 giving 3300 cubic ft. in 24 hours 
 and 200,000 cwt. of salt annually. 
 The Brunnenliaiis contains the 
 pumps for raising the brine, the 
 offices, and the chapel. In the 
 Dorngradirliduser (near the Salz¬ 
 burg rd.) the brine is allowed 
 to trickle through thorn faggots, 
 by which process 4-5 ths of the 
 
 water is evaporated. The Sud- 
 liduser are the boiling-houses. 
 Brine is brought here by a 
 system of extraordinary hydrau¬ 
 lic works—raising it over the 
 mountaius—from Berchtesgaden, 
 and carried on to Traunsteiii 
 and Kosenheim, towns better 
 situated for command of fuel— 
 a total distance of 60 m. The 
 store of fuel at Eeichenhall is 
 enormous, and close to the town 
 is seen one of the wooden grates 
 (Rechen) which collect the 
 timber cut on the mountains 
 and ffoated down the Saal. 
 
 [A good road leads E. over 
 pass of llcdltlmrm to Berchtes¬ 
 gaden II m., Einspanner 3 Jfl.; 
 and another. Etc. 199, taking at 
 first the rt. bank of the Saal, 
 leads round by the Tauben See 
 and Ramsau to Berchtesgaden.] 
 
 The road now crosses the 
 Saal, which it leaves for a while 
 to ascend the Stein Pass, through 
 most romantic scenery. Near 
 the entrance are the ruined 
 Castle of Carlstein, and ch. of 
 St. Pancras, on 2 rocky heights, 
 and a water-mill is passed where 
 boys’ marbles are made. Pre¬ 
 sently 
 
 the Thum See, a small tarn 2 m 
 3100 ft. long, at foot of lofty 
 cliff's, appears on the rt., and at 
 
 Nesselgraben (where the rd. 2 m 
 from Traunstein and Munich 
 falls in, 185 a), the defile attains 
 its height of grandeur. (The 
 pipes of the brine aqueduct are 
 seen along the clitf high above 
 the rd.) 
 
 A steep descent and a hilly rd. 
 leads by Schneizelreit, where 
 the valley of the Saal is again 
 reached, to 
 

 377 
 
 878 
 
 Bte. ^‘l^.—SALZDVUG to INNSBRUCK. 
 
 % 
 
 5 m. Melleck, where is the united 
 Austrian and Bavarian Custom¬ 
 house. (Passports wanted and 
 baggage searched.) From the 
 small Inn is a noble vieiv S.W, 
 over the snowy Loferer Alp. It 
 is a steep descent, passing- 
 through a gateway built by an 
 Abp. of Salzburg during the 
 Thirty Years’ War to close the 
 l^ass, to 
 
 m. Unken (Inns : Post; Weisses 
 Lamm), first Austrian village, 
 burnt in 1809, when these de¬ 
 files witnessed furious struggles 
 between Bavarians and Tyrolese; 
 Spechbacher, the heroic leader 
 of the latter, was defeated at 
 Melleck. 
 
 [8 m. or 3 hrs. up the Unken- 
 thal W. is the Seliwarzberg 
 Klamm, extremely fine ; and 
 hrs. further the Staubbach 
 Fall.3 The rd., still ascending 
 the Saal, traverses the Knie Pass 
 between wooded mtns. before 
 reaching 
 
 5 m, Lofer (Inns: Post; Lowe), a 
 large village in a basin-shaped 
 valley at foot of high mountains, 
 the summits often clothed with 
 snow, of which the chief is the 
 Breitstein, S.W. 
 
 [Rd. to Gastein by the Pinz- 
 gau (see Rte. 202) turns off here. 
 
 8 m. up it and J m. to 1. is the 
 extraordinary scene of the Seissen- 
 herg Klamm.^ 
 
 The road now quits the Saal 
 and enters the picturesque 
 
 Pass Strub (2172 ft.), the portal 
 of Tyrol, where a now decayed 
 archway once closed the pas¬ 
 sage. The defile was heroically 
 defended in 1805, when the 
 Bavarians, who forced it, lost 
 
 1500 men, and again, in 1809, 
 against the French. 
 
 Waidring (Inn,^ Post, clean; 6| m. 
 best between Reichenhall and 
 Innsbruck). 
 
 [The Filler See is reached by a 
 rd. S., through a narrow gorge, 
 and passing chapel of St. Andolar 
 (frescoes). The lake lies W., at 
 foot of the Breitstein. St. Ulrich, 
 
 2 hrs., is at further end. Beyond 
 this is the Itied See, a small 
 tarn, and the rd. descends near 
 Fieberbrunn into the Pramau- 
 thal, by which St. Johann on this 
 rte. is reached. The whole is a 
 pleasant round.] 
 
 [The Ilohe Platte, N. of Waid¬ 
 ring, may be ascended in 4 or 
 5 lu’s. Fine ji)anorama.~\ Hence 
 an almost continuous descent to 
 
 Erpfendorf, in valley of the 5 m. 
 Ache, flowing N. into the Chiem 
 See. [A rd. follows the stream 
 to Kossen, &c.] 
 
 The Achenthal is monotonous ; 
 it is now ascended to 
 
 St. Johann (Inn, Post; and 4 ^ in. 
 another opjDOsite), a large village 
 among meadows in a broad open 
 valley where 3 streams unite; 
 picturesque wooden houses. [The 
 Pramauthal here opens S. At 
 Fieberbrunn Margaret INIaultasch 
 was cured of a fever, whence the 
 name. A rd. leads thence to 
 the Filler See: see above.] 
 
 [A good carriage-rd. hence, 
 
 S., ascends the valley to Kitz- 
 biihel, and crosses Pass Thurn, 
 
 Rte. 234, into the Pinzgau, Rte. 
 
 230] 
 
 The rd., now leaving the Ache 
 Valley, leads along the S. base 
 
379 me. 2 . 2 ^ k.^WORGL to GA 8 TEIN hy MITTEBSILL. 380 
 
 of the Kaisergehirge, a picturesque 
 rauge of dolomite mountains. 
 
 7 m. Ellmau (Inn, Post, clean; 
 trout), on the summit-level of the 
 road, 2839 ft. 
 
 7 m. Soli (Inn, Post), prettily situ¬ 
 ated. The precipice of the 
 Mosberg is N. of the road. 
 
 [From this point the Hohe 
 Salve or Salven Berg (5866 ft.), 
 the Kigi of the lower Inn, may 
 he ascended in 3 hrs. Guide 
 necessary. Inn on summit where 
 bread and wine may be had. 
 Beds not good. A noble view—R. 
 of the Ewige Schneegebirge; S. of 
 the Grossglockncr and other Noric 
 peaks ; S.W. of the Oetzthaler 
 snow-peaks; while N., and close 
 at hand, are the jagged and bare 
 walls and horns of the dolomitic 
 Kaisergebirge. May be also as¬ 
 cended from Hopfgarten on the 
 S.W. side (Rte. 234).] 
 
 The old castle of Ittern is 
 passed 1., and rd, descends 
 rapidly to 
 
 7 m. Valley of the Inn, where a ch. 
 called Gruttenherg crowns an 
 isolated limestone rock. 
 
 l^m. Worgl (Inns: Post; Lamm), 
 stat. on liy., Rte. 2 29 a. 
 
 33 m. Innsbruck. Rte. 212. 
 
 Rte. 229 A (234 in ‘S. Germ. 
 Handbook ’).-.WdRGL, in INN 
 THAI, to GASTEIN, by KITZ- 
 BitHL and MITTERSILL. 
 
 WORGL to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Kitzbiihl . .19 
 
 Mittersill . .14 
 
 Gastein 
 
 ENG. ir. 
 
 . 481 
 
 8ii 
 
 A good rd. the whole distance, and eX' 
 cellenily engineered over Pass Thurn. 
 
 A convenient carriage route 
 between Innsbruck and Gastein, 
 and by an excursion from IVIitter- 
 sill atfording an opportunity of 
 visiting the noted Kriml Falls. 
 
 Worgl (seeRtes. 18 8b. and 229). 
 Soon turning out of the valley 
 of the Inn and keeping at first 
 on the 1 . or S. bank of the Ache 
 (the rd. to Salzburg following 
 the rt. bank), the road turns 
 S.E. to ascend the Brixen Thai. 
 Opposite the Castle of liter the 
 stream is crossed to reach 
 
 Hopfgarten (Inn, Paulwirth), 5 m. 
 at S.W. foot of the Ilohe Salve. 
 
 At the Inn are horses for the 
 ascent in 3 hrs. For view, &c., 
 see Rte, 229. 
 
 [The Kelchsanthal opens S. 
 with ruins of the castle of Engels- 
 berg at its entrance. Path from 
 head of the valley to Wald in 
 Pinzgau, near Kiiml.j 
 
 Brixen (Inn, Gemeinde Gast -5 m. 
 haus). Ascent of the Ilohe Salve 
 also made from here. Close by 
 are baths—Maria-Louisenbad— 
 named from the Duchess of 
 Parma. The rd. now mounts 
 out of the valley to Spertendorf, 
 and then descends the Spertner- 
 
381 B.230,~-INN8BnUCK fo GASTEINhy ZILLERTEAL. 382 
 
 tlial by vill, of Ivirehberg, and 
 presently passing a srpaU lake 
 1., to 
 
 9 m. Kitzbuhl {Inn: Tiefenbrnnner 
 Hof, good), a neat little town, 
 in the valley of the Achen, the 
 stream flowing N. to the Ohiem 
 Bee. A bathing establishment 
 near is supplied from mineral 
 springs. The range of the 
 Kaisergebirge is seen N. (Ascent 
 of the Kitzhuhlerliorn (6426 ft.), 
 N.E., made in 4 or 5 hrs., offers a 
 flue panoramic view. Chapel on 
 summit.) (Copper-mine of Rohrer- 
 huchel, 500 fathoms, is deepest in 
 the globe after Monkwearmouth.) 
 
 [A good carriage-rd. lienee 
 6 m. to St. Johann, on the way 
 to Salzburg, Rte. 229,] 
 
 The rd. now turns S., and 
 then, crossing and recrossing the 
 Achen before r'^aching Jochherg, 
 by well-managed gradients climbs 
 
 10 m. Pass Thurn (4173 ft.). 'Descent 
 is gradual and bears E. tlirough 
 fine mountain and forest scenery 
 into the Pinzgau at 
 
 4m. Mittersill (Inns: Grundmer, 
 good; Bran Ruep, large and 
 good). For Kriml 'Waterfall, 
 distant 16 m., and for rd. down 
 the Pinzgau to Lend, see Rte. 
 230: thence to 
 
 Rte. 230. — INNSBRUCK to 
 GASTEIN or SALZBURG, by 
 the ZILLER THAI, the GER- 
 LOS PASS, and the PINZGAU. 
 
 INNSBRUCK to 
 
 EXG. M. 
 Jenbach (Rl.) 2 if 
 Zell ... 17 
 Kriml . . 20 
 
 Lend ... 47 
 
 EXG. Jr. 
 
 Gastein . .21 
 
 1281 
 
 Rail as far as Jenbach. Stellwapien to 
 Zell every day, morning and evening, in 
 hrs. (carriage with 2 horses, 8 fl.). 
 For travellers trom the N. Brixlegg Stat. 
 saves distance, but there is no omnibus. 
 A bridle-path only over the Gerlos I’ass 
 to Kriml. i-horse pars can be obtained 
 at each vill. down the Pinzgau to Lend, 
 on the Salzburg post-road. Jenbach to 
 Fiigen in a carriage, li hr.; Fiigen to 
 Zell, 2 hrs.; Zell to Gerlos on foot, 
 4 hrs.; Gerlos to Kriml, 4 hrs.—good 
 sleeping-place. Kriml can be reached in 
 I day from Jenbach, Lend the day after. 
 
 The Ziller Thai is interesting 
 chiefly for the fine Tyrolese 
 type of its inhab. Its ujiper 
 branches, however, which pene¬ 
 trate to the high snowy range, 
 are very picturesque. The Pinz¬ 
 gau is monotonous, but much fine 
 scenery is to bo found in the 
 lateral valleys S., and the water¬ 
 fall at Kriml is superb. 
 
 Innsbruck, by rail, to 
 
 48 J m. Gastein. See Rte. 200. 
 
 Jenbach (see Rte. i88b.). (J 7 W; 23 f m 
 nr. stat.) The rd. thence crosses 
 the Inn by bridge of Rotholz, 
 and a carriage,'by a small toll, 
 may pass through grounds of 
 Chateau Rotholz, shortening dis¬ 
 tance to 
 
 Strass (Inns : Post, clean ; 2 m. 
 Neuwirth, new), village at mouth 
 of the Zillerthal. (The lime¬ 
 stone mountain on N. side of 
 
383 E. 230 .—INNSEEUCK to 
 
 the ]-iver Inn is the Sonn- 
 wendjoch, 8507 ft.) On the 
 steep face of mountain forming- 
 1 . wall of the Zillerthal is the 
 chapel and hermitage of Brett- 
 fall. 
 
 2| m. Schlitters is the first vill.; then 
 
 2 } m. Fiigen (Inns: Post; Stern; Aig- 
 ncr’s), most poi^ulous place in the 
 valley, with a needle factory. Ch. 
 contains some native painted carv¬ 
 ings. Chateau of Count Ddrnhof 
 close by, now modernized, was 
 built by the Fugger family. The 
 llacliWmrm, a feudal tower 4 
 stories high, has been replaced 
 by an ordinary house. The per¬ 
 formance of a musical family at 
 one of the inns (Aigner's) is 
 worth listening to. 
 
 2 m. Uderns (Inn) is inhabited by 
 pedlers, who traffic in gloves, 
 chamois leather, &c., all over the 
 Continent. After passing through 
 hamlets of Ried, Kaltenbach, 
 Aschau, and Mitterndorf, a turn 
 of the rd. shows 
 
 8m. Zell (Inns: Post, new, good 
 house, only one with a view ; 
 Engel, close by, is fair. Welsch- 
 wirth, Greiderer’s, and others, 
 in vill. over the bridge, are also 
 good, in a rustic way). This 
 chief village of tlie valley, 1078 
 Inhab., occupies both banks of 
 the Ziller, opposite the en¬ 
 trance to tlie Gerlosthal. 1 m. 
 S. are the gold-inines of Ilainzen- 
 herg, still producing small quan¬ 
 tities. The stamping-mills are 
 curious. The hill above the 
 chapel of Maria East affords a 
 view, and another is obtained 
 by climbing to the two little 
 chapels on the 1. side of the 
 valley—path strikes up near the 
 
 GASTEINby ZILLEETHAI. 384 
 
 Engel inn. The Gerloswand (7023 
 ft.) rises opposite; the Ahorn 
 Spitze (9745 ft.) and the Tristeii 
 Spitze (8934 ft.) fill the end of the 
 valley S.; while the field of snow 
 to their rt. is the Ingent Spitze, 
 an outlier of the snowy range of 
 the Zillerthaler groujJ. 
 
 The inhab. of the Ziller Thai 
 are chiefly pastoral. They are 
 large built, and handsome, in¬ 
 dustrious, and thorough ' speci¬ 
 mens of the Tyrolese character ; 
 immensely fond of dancing and 
 singing, and extemporizing sati¬ 
 rical verses. Their costume loas 
 picturesque—it is seldom seen 
 now—but a wedding or a festival 
 (kirchweihe) are opportunities not 
 to bo missed for observing man¬ 
 ners, &c. Large nmnbers, espe¬ 
 cially about Mayrhofen, had been 
 secretly converted to Protest¬ 
 antism, but after much persecu¬ 
 tion were, in 1837, by an edict 
 of the Tyrolese estates, expelled 
 the country, finding an asylum 
 by a grant of the King of Prussia 
 in Silesia. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 Above Zell the valley extends 
 due S. 5 m. to Mayrhofen (Inns: 
 Glaser, and Neuhaus, the latter 
 a little off the road ; both decent). 
 The village is § ni. further. The 
 accommodation is not so good as 
 at Zell, but the place better 
 situated for Excursions, as above 
 this the valley becomes much 
 more interesting, and divides into 
 4 branches. 
 
 a. The branch retaining the 
 name of the Ziller Thai. This 
 runs E. for about 15 m., and ends 
 among glaciers and the grand 
 scenei-y of the Krimler Tauem. 
 From Mayrhofen it is^ 2^ hrs. to 
 Brandberg, hr. to' Haisling, 
 
885 B. 2 S 0 .—INNSBRUCK to GASTEIN hy ZILLERTHAL. 386 
 
 and moreto^w/t^e7'^i;. Here 
 the valley divides into 3, and a 
 path ascends hy each branch to 
 cross the main chain into the 
 Prettau, or Upper Ahrnthal. The 
 easternmost branch is the Ziller- 
 (jrund, and it is 4 good hrs. to the 
 Joch, and 3 down to Kasern or 
 Heiligengeist. The central one is 
 the Hundkehlsthal, which offers 
 a laborious pass (8481 ft.) over 
 to St. Valentin. The third, or 
 southernmost branch, is the 
 Sondergrund. This pass is easier 
 than the others, but it is full 
 4 hrs. to the Hdrndl Joch 
 or Plisterer Tauern (8365 ft.), 
 whence is a view of numberless 
 peaks, &c. (ohs. the Krimler 
 Tauern and the Drei Herrn 
 Spitze). Descent is steep, 3 hrs. 
 to St. Jacob in Ahren Thai (best 
 sleeping-place is Steinhaus, a 
 little further). From Heiligen- 
 giest it is 9 hrs., and from St. 
 Jacob’s 6 hrs. walk to Brunecken, 
 but a char can travel below St. 
 Jacob’s, Kte. 2 25. 
 
 h. The Stilluper Thai. This 
 opens 30 min. beyond Mayrhofen, 
 the stream pouring down from a 
 narrow cleft; the path ascends 
 through woods on rt. bank. The 
 valley turns S.E. and ends in 
 the snows of the main chain not 
 far from the head of the Sonder¬ 
 grund. [Betw'een the Stilluper- 
 thal and the ujsper Zillerthal 
 stands the imposing Ahorn Spitze. 
 From Mayrhofen it takes 8 or 9 
 hrs. for the ascent (which must 
 be made from Brandberg), and 
 6 hrs. to descend. The last hr. 
 is a difficult climb to the sum¬ 
 mit.] 
 
 c. The Zamser or Zeni Thai, 
 well worth exploring. 15 min. 
 from ch. of Mayrhofen cross the 
 Ziller close to a fall, and 15 min. 
 further the Stilluper Bach. Keep 
 along the fields (leaving the 
 track to the rt. which leads to 
 the Unter Steg, and so to Finken- 
 berg), and in 10 min. is the 
 Hoch Steg, a covered bridge over 
 the Zem Bach. Cross this, and, 
 turning 1., ascend rough ground 
 with a few houses, bearing to¬ 
 wards the gorge of Donauberg, 
 from which the Zem Bach issues. 
 
 This gorge, dark, narrow, with 
 a roaring stream at the bottom, 
 may be compared with the Via 
 Mala. Soon after entering, at a 
 point a few yards to 1. of the 
 path, a fine waterfall is seen. 
 The ravine ends at the Carlsteg, 
 8 m. from Mayhofen; and 4 m. 
 further is Ginzling (Inn, Hof 
 Gross Dornau, homely). 
 
 [Here the Floitenthal enters on 
 the 1., running parallel to the 
 Stilluper Thai, from which it is 
 separated by a mountain ridge, of 
 which the Tristen Spitze and the 
 Floiteiithurm are the principal 
 peaks. The former can be as¬ 
 cended from Ginzling, the latter 
 used to be celebrated for its 
 chamois. At the head of the valley 
 is the Ldffelspitze (11,115 ft.). The 
 ascent is also made from Ginz¬ 
 ling—1 1 hr. to the Baumgartner 
 Alp, 5 hr. to glacier at head 
 of the valley, 5 hrs. to the sum¬ 
 mit, but the last portion of the 
 ascent is rather dangerous. The 
 view is more interesting than 
 that from the Ahorn Spitze.] 
 
 From Ginzling, continuing up 
 the Zem Thai, it is 2 hrs. to the 
 chalets of Breitlahner (where 
 refreshment can be had). There 
 again the valley divides : the 
 
 0 
 
 Kp. Tyr. & Alps, 
 
887 11 . 230 .—INNSBEUCK to GASTBINhyZILLEETHAL. 388 
 
 branch to the E. is called the 
 Zemgrund; the other, the main 
 branch, to the W., is the Zamser 
 Thai. 
 
 [Ascending the Zemgrund, the 
 chalets of the Schwemm Alp are 
 reached in i hr.; here it is 
 possible to sleep. 2 hrs. further, 
 by a difficult path, is the Schwarz- 
 emtein Alp, interesting to mineral¬ 
 ogists, from which is a strildng 
 view of the 3 great glaciers at 
 the head of the valley. A small 
 frozen lake, the liissee, can be 
 reached by | hr. climb. 
 
 The path from Breitlahner up 
 the main valley, now called the 
 Zamser Thai, becomes difficult. 
 The glaciers of Ilinter Dux, on 
 the N., send down a stream 
 which makes a fine fall. Then 
 the Ilorping Thai opens S., at 
 the head of which are grand 
 glaciers, and the two loftiest 
 mountains of the. whole Ziller- 
 thal chain. These are the 
 Hoch Feil on the western side, 
 and the Moselenock on the 
 eastern. 
 
 [An ascent of the MdselenocJi 
 (11,424 ft.) was made by Mr. 
 Tuckett and party in 1865, on 
 their way from Lappach in the 
 Muldwalderthal on the S. to 
 the Zemthal. From the ridge 
 between the Thurner Kamp and 
 the Moselenock, a climb of 4 hrs. 
 over tolerably easy rocks put 
 them on the summit; view veiy 
 fine. Descent, first to the ridge 
 connecting with the Fm-tschlagel 
 Spitz N., and thence under 
 slopes of the Talgen Kogel into 
 ihe Horpingthal, laborious and 
 difficult. 7^ hrs. from Lappach 
 to summit. hrs. from summit 
 to Ginzling.3 
 
 After passing some huts and 
 
 two small lakes, the track, in 7 
 hrs. (?) from Breitlahner, reaches 
 the Pfitscher Joch (7358 ft.), 
 whence the descent down the 
 Pfitscher Thai brings the traveller 
 in 6^ hrs. to Sterzing, on the Bren¬ 
 ner rd.—hr. to Stein, i hr. St. 
 Jacob, 1 hr. Kematen (good Inn), 
 3 hrs. to Sterzing. 
 
 d. The Duxer Thai—the 4th 
 and most western branch. Tliis 
 is the most popular of the expe¬ 
 ditions from Mayrhofen : 5 hrs. to 
 Hinter Dux at the farthest 
 l^oint. Ladies can easily go on 
 horseback. Portions of the route 
 are remarkably picturesque, but 
 it may be questioned whether 
 the upper part can compete in 
 snowy grandeur with some of the 
 lateral valleys of the Zem Thai. 
 
 From Mayrhofen keej? iip the 
 valley as described in last route, 
 till the Stilluperbach is crossed, 
 then bear to rt. 10 min. to the 
 Unter Stev/, and ascend on the 
 other side by a beautiful path to 
 Finkenherg, i hr. from Mayrhofen 
 (an old chalet Jnu, and a little fur¬ 
 ther a new, fair-looking, country 
 Inn, Neuwirt, 9 bed-rooms). 
 Hero the scenery is charmingly 
 romantic. ^ hr. beyond Finken- 
 berg, visit by a short detour to 
 1 ., the Teufelsleg, a bridge 96 ft. 
 above a turbulent torrent rushing 
 through a narrow chasm. (The 
 path beyond the bridge leads to 
 the entrance of the Zemthal, 
 and the traveller may return 
 that way by the Hoch Steg to 
 Mayrhofen.) Continuing up the 
 valley, the bridle-path for a timo 
 hangs to the steep side of the 
 hill, a considerable height above 
 the stream, and then crosses to 
 
889 il. 2 S 0 .—tNNSBBUCK to GASTElN Uj ZILLERTIIAL. 390 
 
 the S. or rt. hank, where it is 
 sliady and easy walking, to 
 Lannershach, 2 hrs., the principal 
 vill, of the Diixerthal, which 
 here makes an abrupt turn S. 
 {Inn at the second group of 
 houses beyond the turn, rustic 
 but clean quarters, and can 
 supply a good dinner.) The 
 Gefrorne Wand or Frozen Wall 
 now comes in sight. Hinter 
 Dux, last hamlet in the valley, is 
 2 hrs. further, and about 20 m. 
 from Zell {Inn is decent, with 
 several bedrooms ; a hot sj^ring 
 near supplies a small bath-house). 
 Odie scenery, wild and hare, is 
 dignified by the impending gla¬ 
 cier of the Gefrorne Wand, which 
 closes the valley. The stream 
 from this glacier forms a fine 
 cascade hr. from the inn; a 
 guide is desirable both for this 
 and the glacier. A valley, called 
 Beidentlial, W., is separated from 
 the Duxerthal liy a low ridge, 
 from which is superb view of tlie 
 glaciers. From Hinter Dux there 
 is a frequented path over the 
 Duxer Joch (7618 ft.) (fine view) 
 to Oher Schmirn, in 4 hrs. {Inn 
 there extortionate.) 3 hrs. further 
 is Siafflach, upon the Brenner rd. 
 See life. 217.] 
 
 From Zell, over the Gerlos, to Kriml 
 and the Pinzgau. 
 
 Guide unnecessary. Porter to Kriml, 
 fl.; horse, 8 fl. 
 
 From Zell the Gerlos Thai 
 opens E. jo min. from the vill. 
 is the Virgins Pillar. Take rt. 
 hand rd., pass the gold-smelting 
 works on the 1., ascend the 
 Hainzenberg, pass chapel of St. 
 Maria East, 20 min., belonging 
 to the hamlet of Hainzenberg, 
 ^ hr. beyond. 
 
 near Oetschen Wirthshaus(i hr. 3 
 from Zell) is a fine vieio over 
 the whole Zillerthal. (Any 
 one bound hence to Mayrhofen 
 will find a path from Hainzen¬ 
 berg over the hill, saving an hr. 
 of distance, and giving a view of 
 the snowy chain S.) The rough 
 track now continues through 
 woods on a level (the Gerlos 
 Bach deep in the gorge to 1 .), 
 and crosses successively the 
 Schonbach J hr., the Zaberbach 
 J hr., and the Schwarzbach ^ hr. 
 A vieio opens rt. of snow and 
 glacier, and 20 min. further the 
 
 Wimmach is crossed by a 
 bridge; the path hero enters a 
 populous Alpine valley, and i hr. 
 further the straggling vill. of 
 
 Gerlos, hrs. from Zell (two 9 
 Inns: Kammerhmder’s, the last 
 large stone house at E. end of 
 village, is the best; night quar¬ 
 ters are better at Kriml). The 
 path is now on the rt. bank of 
 the Gerlos stream. The 
 
 Sclionach Thai opens S., and a 
 snow - peak now seen is the 
 Schonacher Kees. Path is lost 
 for a time over wet ground, and 
 affords no view till it reaches 
 the upper part of the valley 
 called Durrenboden; then the 
 
 Wild© Gerlosthal is seen to S., 
 with the Eeichenspitz (10,851 ft.) 
 and its glaciers in the distance. 
 Passing under a timber slide and 
 crossing the Gerlosbach, the 
 
 Frontier between Tyrol and 
 Salzburg is marked by a post, 
 and a little further the 
 
 Summit of the Pass (4716 ft.), 5 
 12 hr. from Gerlos, is inached, 
 
 o 2 
 
391 R. m. —INNSBRUCK io GASTEINhy ZILLERTHAL. 392 
 
 covered with vast and solitary 
 forests. The track descends to 
 
 3rn. Konach (Jrw?, only tolerable), 
 first vill. in the Pinzyau or val¬ 
 ley of the Salzach. Here the 
 carriage-rd. begins. N.W. is 
 the Source of the Saha, whicli, 
 after its union witli the Ache 
 between Kriml and Wald, takes 
 the name of Salzach. It issues 
 from a tarn at the foot of the 
 Geierkopf (9061 ft.). 
 
 [Instead of proceeding to 
 Konach it is far better to diverge 
 and reach Kriml by passing over 
 the Plattenberg. 10 min. beyond 
 the frontier post, and between 
 it and the summit of the pass, is 
 a separation of roads. Take 
 that to rt., which ascends to the 
 pastures of the Plattenberg. A 
 post here (J hr.) marks the 
 path to Kriml. (From this 
 point, by a detour of hr. to 
 the summit of the Flatten Kogel 
 (6658 ft.), a splendid w’eto may be 
 obtained, including the Pinzgau, 
 as far as Taxenbach, and the 
 glaciers and snow smnmits of 
 the four-cornered Drei Herrn 
 Spitze, the Eeichen Spitz, and 
 the Krimler Tauern. The path 
 turns off rt. about 5 min. beyond 
 the above-named post. 40 min, 
 climb brings to 3 chalets, and 
 20 min. more to the summit. A 
 small monument records the visit 
 of a Prince Abp. of Salzburg in 
 1838.) On the descent to Kriml 
 is a fine view of the Krimlthal, 
 a long narrow gorge hemmed 
 in by precipitous pine-covered 
 mountains, with the foaming- 
 falls which render it famous in 
 vivid contrast to the foliage. 
 Path descends througli a pine 
 -wood to 
 
 Kriml, 3412 ft. {Inn, Kersch- 
 
 dorfer, 6 rooms with 20 beds, 
 better than any in the Pinzgau; 
 capital trout, guides and ponies 
 dear), 3J hrs. from Gerlos, or 
 5 hrs. by the Platten Kogel, 
 The Cataract near this village is 
 the finest in the Eastern Al'ps, and 
 is not excelled hy any in Switzer¬ 
 land. Take a boy to show the 
 way among the many paths: 
 
 18 kr. to lower fall, 35 kr. to 
 upper. In 3 leaps the torrent of 
 the Ache descends 2000 ft. The 
 two lower are much broken by 
 rocks; the upper one is an un¬ 
 broken column of 1000 ft., and 
 should on no account be missed. 
 
 It takes about an hour to roach 
 it from the inn, and another to 
 climb to the top. The lower 
 fall, ij m. from inn, can be seen 
 in hr. there and back. The 
 3 falls cannot be seen at one 
 view except from a distance. In 
 the valley are many ferns and 
 interesting mosses. 
 
 The path up the Achen Thai 
 and over the Krimler Tauern to 
 the Prettau, valley of Taufers 
 and Brunecken, 45 m, in 18 hrs., 
 is described Rte. 225. From 
 Kriml by a char-rd. to Wald in 
 the Pinzgau is 4 m.] 
 
 From Rcnach it is a carriage- 
 rd. to 
 
 Wald {Inn: decent), 3043 ft,,5 
 a poor vill. on 1 . bank of Salzach. 
 Between 2 stones in front of the 
 ch. the peasants squeeze them¬ 
 selves to cure rheumatism, or used 
 to do so. Fine view from it 
 of glaciers of Gross Venediger. 
 Near Wald the ruins of a castle 
 belonging to Count Kiienberg. 
 On S. side of the valley the 
 Ober Sulzbachthal falls in, at en¬ 
 trance to which is a waterfall. 
 
 [At the head of the Ober Sulz- 
 
393 E.230.--INNSBBUCK to GASTEINhy ZILLEBTHAL. 394 
 
 GROSS VENEDIGER AND THE SULZBACH VALLEYS, FROM A 
 
 POINT N. OF WALD.' 
 
 hacldlial are the snow-fields 
 and glaciers of the Gross Vene- 
 diger (12,052 ft.\ which moun¬ 
 tain has of late been repeatedly 
 ascended from this side. The 
 innkeeper Bachmayer is a guide, 
 and also Franz Scharler. In 
 1842 a hut was erected 3 hrs. 
 from the summit. The mountain 
 however is more easily and more 
 usually ascended from Preg- 
 raten, Ete. 224A. From this 
 latter place Mr. Tuckett and 
 party, in 1865, crossed by a snow 
 pass between the Gross Vene- 
 diger E. and Heiligengeist Kees 
 W., into the Sulzbachthal. “ Sce¬ 
 nery of a very high order.”] 
 
 2|m. Heukirchen (Inn, Bachmeier) 
 (5§ hrs. walk by Kriml from 
 Gerlos, or 4^ by Eonach). Oppo¬ 
 site Weierhof the Ilahach Thai 
 S. is seen closed by a glacier. 
 Bramberg and Muhlbach are 
 passed, and the Salzach crossed to 
 
 9 m. Hollershach, at the mouth of 
 
 the Hollershach Thcd; in the 
 background is the snow peak of 
 the Kratzenherger Kopfl (9942 ft.). 
 (This part of the rd. is often in 
 ramy weather impassable for pe¬ 
 destrians.) 
 
 Mittersill, 4| hrs. from Wald 9 bi. 
 (Inns: Brau Euep, best, large but 
 ill-managed; Grundmer, good), 
 chief place of the valley. Noble 
 vzeiv from the new rd. to Kitz- 
 biihel. The snow-covered Bern- 
 7 rop/(10,05 3 ft.) is seen S. Note 
 some lines on the grave of a priest 
 in the chyd., 1. side. 
 
 Post omnibus to Zell am See 4 times 
 a week in afternoon. 
 
 [Hence S. is the very inte¬ 
 resting but difficult path over 
 the Velher Tauern to Windiscli 
 Matrei, Ete. 226. Also N. 
 the new carriage-rd. over Pass 
 Thurn by Kitzbiihel 18 m. or 
 6 hrs., to Wdrgl 22 m,, Ete. 234.] 
 
 The Pinzgaii now becomes 
 
395 li. 230 .~^INNSBRUGK to GASTEIN hy ZILLEBTBAL. 396 
 
 very dreary. Much of it is 
 marshy, the bed of the river 
 being raised by mud and debris ; 
 the waters are restrained by 
 embankments, and a monument 
 
 m, beyond Mittersill records 
 the aid granted by the Emp. 
 Francis to this end, quoting his 
 words, “ My children, here you 
 must be helped.” 
 
 From Mittersill the rd. crosses 
 the Salzach to the N. bank, and 
 that from Kitzbiihel falls in. 
 
 Stuhlfelden, a small vill. The 
 Geisstein (7747ft.) N.E. maybe 
 ascended in 4 hrs. from this; it 
 offers a grand panorama. 
 
 TJttendorf. The Stiibhacli Thai 
 opens S. 
 
 [Up this is the path leading 
 by the Kaiser Tauern to Kals, in 
 J2 hrs., Rte. 224.] 
 
 7Jm. Lengdorf (Inn: Oberhauser). 
 
 " Here the Mulilhach Thai enters 
 S. Its stream, in 1798, brought 
 down torrents of mud, committing 
 frightful ravages, traces of which 
 are still visible about the vill. of 
 Niedernsill at its mouth. Further 
 on to the S. across the valley, 
 now widening to a small plain 
 and all more or loss marsh, is the 
 castle of Kaprun, and near the 
 head of the Kaiyrnner Thai are 
 seen the peak and glaciers of the 
 Wiesbachhorn, the highest mntn. 
 in the ridge separating that valley 
 from the Fuschthal. 
 
 Pischliorii, a picturesque castle 
 (view). The valley of Zell am 
 See opens N. with a pleasing 
 prospect of the lake and town. 
 
 [The rd. by Zell am See 
 goes by Saalfelden to Lofer, 
 where it joins the post - rd. 
 
 between Innsbruck and Salzburg : 
 see Etes. 202 and 229.] 
 
 Bruck (Inn, Von Mayer’s, 8 m. 
 good), at junction of the Ziller- 
 bach with the Salzach, which at 
 times is several ft. above the 
 former sluggish stimm. To the 
 S. is the Fuseli Thai, 
 
 [The upper part of the Fusch 
 Thai is extremely well worth 
 exploring, and 2 fine passes lead 
 from it to Ileiliqenhlut. 5 m. up 
 the valley is Fusch (Inn). Be¬ 
 hind its ch. is a fine waterfall. 
 (The car. can only bo taken to 
 Embacher, J hr. beyond Fusch.) 
 About 3 m. further a lateral 
 valley enters 1., r hr. up which is 
 Fuscherhad, or St. Wolfgang, fre¬ 
 quented by 400 patients yearly. 
 There is good but simple accom¬ 
 modation, and a new and larger 
 house was completed in 1863. 
 (Tlio Grosslcopf or SchwarzJwpf, 
 9071 ft., E. of St. Wolfgang, may 
 be ascended in 4 hrs. There is 
 a magnificent view from the 
 summit, including the Gross 
 Glockner, and numerous snow- 
 peaks between it and the Wies¬ 
 bachhorn, W.—the Eauris and 
 Gastein peaks E. — and the 
 Steinerne Meer and other of the 
 Salzburg mnts. N.) Eeturn- 
 ing to the Fuschthal, at about 
 5 m. or 2 hrs. above Fusch, is 
 Ferleiten, the highest hamlet in 
 the valley (3838 ft.). Here is the 
 Fuscher Tauernhaus (a plain Inn, 
 but civil people). Beyond this 
 the highest branch of the val¬ 
 ley turning rt., the Kdfer Thai, 
 realizes the ideal of an Aliune 
 landscape. Into it glaciers pour 
 their avalanches, 14 waterfalls 
 are visible, and overlooking it is 
 the fantastic form of the Holie 
 Dock (10,708 ft,). 
 
397 R. 230 .—INNSBRUCK to GASTEIN hy ZIILERTHAL. 898 
 
 Of tlie two passes to Heiligen- 
 blut, the shorter one is by the 
 Fuscher Tliorl, at the E. corner of 
 the valley, reached in 4J hrs. from 
 Eerleiten. Fine views both on 
 ascent and from summit, from 
 which last the G-ross Glockner 
 first becomes visible. Then to the 
 rt., over snow and geroll, hrs. 
 to the Hoch Thor of the Eauriser 
 Tauern (8464 ft.), and thence a 
 3 hrs. descent to Heiligenblut; 
 total 10 hrs. (Kte. 244.) The 
 longer pass is by the Pfandl- 
 scharte (8816 ft.). Path continues 
 up the valley from Eerleiten, 
 hr., and then 2 hrs. of gradual as¬ 
 cent lead to the chalets of the 
 Trauner Aim. (From this point a 
 grand view N. down the Fnsch- 
 thal, and beyond, of the Watz- 
 mann.) Thence in about 2 hrs. 
 to the foot of the glacier, which is 
 crossed in hr. Then i hr. of 
 sharp descent and I hr. of ascent 
 lead to the Franz-Josefshohe 
 (8322 ft.), in front of thePasterze 
 glacier and the Gross Glockner. 
 (The Johann’s Hiitte is J hr. to the 
 rt. at the foot of the Fuscherkaar- 
 kopf.) From the Pasterze to Heili¬ 
 genblut is 5 hrs. furl her ; total 12 
 hrs. A good mountaineer might 
 take these 2 passes on successive 
 days, and thus acquire a com- 
 jdete view of the whole E. aspect 
 of the Gross Glockner and its 
 district. They are the finest of 
 all the passes leading to Fleili- 
 genblut. Fuscherhans, in St. 
 Wolfgang, is a good guide. Also 
 Erlinger, or Wintinger, who has 
 ascended the Wiesbachhorn, and 
 Gregor Mayer; but these 2 men 
 are becoming old. (Near the 
 Phindlscliarte, but between the 
 Spillmann and the Kloben on their 
 S. side, are the remains of a 
 miner’s hut, and gold-worldngs 
 (9580 ft.). In elevation they are 
 
 second only to those in the Lys- 
 thal, S. side of Mte. Eosa. See 
 Ete. 244 for more detail.)] 
 
 From Brack a capital govern¬ 
 ment rd. runs down the now 
 contracting valley of the Salzach : 
 passing through Hundsdorf (good 
 Inn) and by 
 
 the Chapel of St. George, on a 2 m, 
 hill (fine view, especially in the 
 morning), it reaches 
 
 Taxenbach {Inn, Beim Tax -5 m. 
 wirth, better than any higher 
 up, and not dear), the first vill. 
 of the Lower Salzach called the 
 Pongau, and opposite the en¬ 
 trance of the Rauristhal, where, 
 at its rt. hand corner, a fine 
 waterfall, the Kitzlochfall, is to 
 be seen i hr. from Taxenbach. 
 
 [The Rauris Thai is celebrated 
 for its gold-mines, and for the 
 easy mule - road through its 
 western branch and over the 
 Rauriser Tauern, or Hoch Thor, 
 to Heiligenblut in Carinthia. 
 Gaishach or Rauris {Inn: Beim 
 Brauer, best in the district), chief 
 place in the valley, is reached in 
 2j hrs. from Taxenbach. hr. 
 further the valley forks. The 
 branch to the rt. is the Seidlwinhel. 
 
 3 hrs. up it is the Tauernhaus, a 
 solitary chalet possible to sleep in. 
 
 1 hr. beyond, the path divides ; rt. 
 leads into the Fuschthal, and the 
 1 . to Heiligenblut. 2 hrs. of steep 
 ascent up the latter brings the 
 traveller to the summit, or Hoch 
 Thor (8464 ft.). There are no 
 glaciers or precipices, and there 
 being frequently snow the path is 
 marked by poles. Scenery wild 
 and grand, not beautiful; no view 
 from col; rare plants; descent to 
 Heiligenblut in 3 hrs. In spring 
 of 1797 an Austrian general 
 
1 
 
 399 Bte. 2 ^l.—S 0 NDBI 0 to BBE 8 CIA. VAL CAMONICA. 400 
 
 crossed with 4000 troops and bag¬ 
 gage, losing only 80 men (Rte. 
 244). 
 
 The 1 . hand or eastern brancli 
 of the Eanris valley is called the 
 Iluttwinlcel. At i hr. distance is 
 Bucheben, good Inn (whence a 
 path to Bad Gastein, 6 hrs.). A 
 path above this leads in 3 hrs. to 
 the gold-workings, and a stamping- 
 mill, Im Kolben (good quarters- 
 at the superintendent’s iiouse), 
 near the head of tlie valley, from 
 which there is a track over the 
 Klein Zirknitzscliarte (8854 ft.), 
 ascending on the E. side of the 
 Alten Kogel, with 1 lir. over snow 
 on the col, descending by the 
 Klein Zirkiiitz glacier, to a lake, 
 the Gross See, and by the Kegele 
 See below to DoUach in the Moll 
 Thai, 8 m. below Heiligenblut;— 
 5 hrs. to Dollach, 2| hrs. further 
 to Heiligenblut. This pass offers 
 magnificent views (Etc. 244). 
 A shorter route from Im Kolben 
 to Heiligenblut, is by tlie Gold- 
 zeclier Tauern: and two other 
 Passes lead from Im Kolben 
 over the Goldberg chain. See 
 Ete. 244.] j 
 
 From Taxenbach to Gastein 
 there is a path by the vill. of 
 Bmbach, but it misses the fine 
 gorge of the Klammstrasse. On 
 the rd. there is a suceession of 
 picturesque rock scenery with 
 the river far. below, to 
 
 Rte. 231 .—SONDRIO, in the 
 VAITELimE, to BRESCIA, by 
 the PASS of AFRICA, VAL 
 CAMONICA, and LAGO ISEO. ‘ 
 
 60NDKI0 to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Edolo . .31 
 
 I’isogne (Lago 
 Jseo) . . 
 
 Brescia 
 
 ENG. M. 
 . JO 
 
 95i 
 
 A good carriage-rd. Diligence daily 
 from Sondrio as far as Tresenda. Car¬ 
 riages may be hired there for Edolo. 
 Omnibus dally from Edolo to Brescia. 
 
 A lAost charming route, hithei-to 
 little frequented, and not well 
 supplied with Inn accommo¬ 
 dation. 
 
 Sondrio, on the Stelvio Eoad 
 (Etc. 214). 
 
 Tresenda (Inn: miserable). Ed. 13 m. ] 
 here turns rt., crosses the Adda, 
 and commences ascent by two 
 long gradients, commanding near 
 the top, and especially from an 
 Inn called Belvedere, magnificent | 
 views of the valley. A little 
 beyond the 
 
 5 m. Lend, vill. on the post-rd. 
 from Salzburg to Gastein, and at 
 tlie entrance of the Klammstrasse ; 
 for description of which and re¬ 
 mainder of route to 
 
 21 m. Gastein, see Ete. 200. 
 
 Summit (405 2 ft.) is the poor 5 m. 
 vill. of Aprica, and soon after, 
 on open level sward, a clean 
 large Inn is reached, good for 
 either sleeping or dining. Tlie 
 snowy group of the Adamello is 
 seen in front, and the descent is 
 gradual through the Val di Cor- 
 teno, somewliat picturesque, and 
 with several iron-works, till a 
 
401 Bte. 2 '^\.—SONDBIO to BBE 8 CIA. VAL CAMONICA. 402 
 
 charming view of the Val Camo- 
 nica opens on approaching 
 
 13 in. Edolo {Inns: Leone, tolerable; 
 Due Mori, ntiar bridge; Post), 
 2293 ft., a pretty town amidst 
 the richest scenery. The Oglio 
 rushes through, crossed by 2 
 bridges, and the snowy mass of 
 Mte. Avio impends E. Beautiful 
 walks to Mu or to Incudine. 
 Several ironworks in the neigh¬ 
 bourhood. 
 
 [The route by Mte. Tonale into 
 Tyrol by the Val di Sole, and so 
 to Trent, ascends the Val Ca- 
 monica from Edolo (Rte. 220).] 
 
 Below Edolo Indian corn fills 
 the valley, which winds for several 
 miles through a cleft in the moun¬ 
 tains, the forms of which are very 
 fine. 
 
 2 m. Bridge to the rt. bank of the 
 Oglio. [The Val di Malga here 
 opens on the W.; the upper por¬ 
 tion, called Val di Miller, reaching 
 to the Adamello. Mr. Tuckett’s 
 party, after ascending the Adam¬ 
 ello from Val di Genova, de¬ 
 scended by this valley ^Kte, 
 
 220 A ).3 
 
 4 m. Eoad crosses again to 1 . bank. 
 Val Paisco opens W. The rd. 
 winds with the river towards the 
 E., and at 
 
 4111. Cedegolo {Inn: pretty good) 
 crosses to rt. bank. 
 
 [FaZ Saviore hero enters from 
 the E. The stream is in a deep 
 gorge; pleasantest path is by Cevo 
 on the N. slopes. About 3 m. up, 
 the valley forks; N. branch Val 
 Prate, S. Val d’ Adame —both pe¬ 
 netrating to the S. flank of the 
 Adamello. At Isola in latter 
 valley, where the Poja comes in 
 from S., a hovel serves for refresh¬ 
 
 ment but not sleeping. Path from 
 this climbs through very fine 
 scenery round the S. side of Mte. 
 Oampeglio, and above the ro¬ 
 mantic Lago d’Arno, to the puss of 
 Mte. Campo, and descends into 
 Val di Fum (or Daone) (Kte, 
 
 2 20 A).] 
 
 Grevo, a considerable vilh, is 
 seen on the opposite side, and rd. 
 crosses to E. side before reaching 
 
 Capo di Ponte {Inn poor). 3 
 Striking scenery. A ruined cas¬ 
 tle on a bluff opposite, and abrupt 
 heights of Mte. Vaccio magnificent 
 to the W. (A mule-track leads 
 under them to Val Scalve.) 
 
 Breno {Inn: Pellegrino, good), 5 
 principal place in the lower Val 
 Camonica, a highly picturesque 
 and curious old town in a cleft 
 on a rock tlmt blocks up the 
 valley, and leaves scarcely more 
 than space for the river. Monte 
 Frerone (8676 ft.), a bold granitic 
 peak, rises to the E., and several 
 narrow valleys penetrate in tiiat 
 direction towards Mte. Gastello, 
 tlie most southern of the snowy 
 ranges. 
 
 [An interesting path leads by 
 Prestine to the Croce Domini 
 Pass (about 6500 ft.), by which 
 the upper valley of the Cal faro 
 may be gained, whicli, at Bagalino 
 (tolerable Inn), becomes extremely 
 beautiful. Rd. thence to Lodrone, 
 near Lago Idro (Rte. 2 2 oa'.3 
 
 The rd. crosses the Oglio, and 
 bends round to 
 
 Cividate, very picturesque on 2 
 all sides. The rd. now, keeping 
 the rt. bank, enters an alluvial 
 flat, bounded by limestone cliffs, 
 to which two huge masses of dark- 
 
m Ilte. 2 ^\.—SOmMIOtomESCIA. VALCAMOmCA. 404 
 
 coloured porphyry in the centre of 
 the yalley are singularly opposed. 
 
 7 m. The road divides: rt. continues 
 onto Lovere (8 m.) and Bergamo; 
 the 1 ,, crossing the Oglio to Darfo, 
 is the only one that skirts the 
 shore of Lago Iseo. 
 
 [OjDposite Darfo the Val di 
 Scalve enters from the W., one of 
 the most important of the lateral 
 valleys; bridle-track along the N. 
 side. At Vihninore, 4 hrs., valley 
 turns N.E. Scliilpario (tolerable 
 quarters) is the chief vill. in this 
 upper portion. From this it is 
 3 1 hrs. to Capo di Ponte in Val 
 Camonica. Mte. Gleno and Mte. 
 Venerocolo are the principal mtns. 
 on the N. side of the upper valley, 
 and on the E. side of the former 
 is a patli into the Valtelline near 
 Tresenda.] 
 
 7 m. Pisogne (Inn: Corona, Post), 
 flouiishing little town on the Lake. 
 
 Lago Iseo (627 ft. above sea) 
 —extreme length 17 m., average 
 width 2m.—is surrounded with 
 landscape beauty. The mountains 
 rise in gentle slopes, some to be¬ 
 tween 6000 and 7000 ft.; villages, 
 villas, and gardens adorn the 
 shores. In the midst, where the 
 lake widens, is a picturesque island 
 (Mezz - Isola) Avith precipitous 
 rocky sides. The best quarters 
 on the lake are at 
 
 [_Lovcre (Inn: Canone d’Oro), a 
 very picturesque town, opposite 
 Pisogne on W. shore, long the 
 residence of Lady Wortley Mon¬ 
 tague. See monument by Canova 
 in family chapel of the Tadinis. 
 The Count’s museum and gallery 
 may also be visited. (See Hand- 
 hook for N. Italy.) 
 
 Steamer daily, leaving Lovere at 4, 
 reaching Iseo at 5, and Sarnico, at further 
 
 corner, at 6, returning thence at 10 , 
 Diligence from Lovere to Bergamo, and 
 omnibus twice a day between Sarnico 
 and Palazzolo, on rail, half-way between 
 Bergamo and Brescia.] 
 
 From Pisogne the post-rd. for 
 5 m. is a fine construction blasted 
 out of rock or carried on terraces 
 over the lake. It passes through 
 Mar one, to 
 
 Sale (Inn: Posta), and by8 m. 
 Sulzano, to 
 
 Iseo (Inns: Leone d’Oro, very7 m, 
 fair; Vapore, filthy). Ohs. in 
 the neighbourhood the ancient 
 moraines of the Oglio. 
 
 Omnibuses twice a day to Brescia. 
 
 [At the S.W. extremity of the 
 lake stands Sarnico (Inn: Leone 
 d’Oro, indifferent). Here the 
 Oglio quits the lake. Carriages 
 to Grumello Stat. on Milan Ply.] 
 
 The rd. passes through a pleas¬ 
 ing fertile country to 
 
 Brescia (Inns: Albergo dTtalia; 15 
 Eegina dTnghilterra). See Hand- 
 hooh-N, Italy. 
 
 Rte. 231 A.-BRESCIA to 
 EIVA, by LAGO DIDRO. 
 
 BRESCIA to 
 
 nxG. M. 
 
 .Vestone , . 21 
 
 Storo , , ,17 
 
 Biva 
 
 ENG. jr, 
 
 . ^ 
 
 57 
 
405 
 
 Bte. 231 k.—BBESCIA to BIVA 
 
 406 
 
 A carriage-rd., where night travelling 
 should be avoided, since some of the in¬ 
 habitants are reported mauvais sujets. 
 
 The whole of this route is abun¬ 
 dantly loicturesque, and the de¬ 
 scent upon Riva inarYellous. 
 
 From Brescia the rd, ascends 
 for a few milesi N., then tiums E. 
 up the Val di Garza and crosses 
 the hills, commanding at one 
 point a beautiful view over the 
 Lake of Garda; then passing 
 
 17 m. Preseglie, descends into the 
 valley of the Chiese (also called 
 Val Sabbia) at 
 
 1 m. Earghe. ['Here following the 
 main ]-d. down the valley, through 
 Sabbio and Vobarno, the tra¬ 
 veller will rcacii Salo (13 m.) on 
 the Lago di Garda : scenery lovely. 
 Tiie rd. makes an abrupt turn to 
 the 1 . about 4 m. below Vobarno, 
 and is carried on ridge of a steci) 
 hill, with the lake and Salo below. 
 (Inn: Gambero, good but dear; 
 Giardino, clean and moderate.) 
 There is a rd. by the lake to Gar- 
 gnano, whence steamer occasion¬ 
 ally to Riva.] 
 
 Turning up the valley through 
 tranquil scenery, 
 
 3 m. Vestone is reached, chief place 
 in the valley. (Inn: Tre Spade, 
 not Lecchi’s, near’ the gate.) Pass- 
 ing 
 
 Lavenonc, a picturesque vill., 
 and through a gorge where the 
 Chiese tumbles over rocks of red 
 argillaceous schist, 
 
 4 m. Lago d’ Idro comes in sight, 
 7 m. long, I broad, 965 ft. above 
 sea ; more Swiss in character than 
 the other Italian lakes. The vill. 
 
 of Idro lies at the S. end on 
 the E. side; the rd. keeps on 
 W. side. 
 
 Anfo, a cluster of picturesque 3 m. 
 old houses ; near it, on a project- 
 mass of rock, is castle of Bocca 
 d' Anfo, assaulted^ with much loss 
 by Garibaldi in 1866 , and eva¬ 
 cuated by the Austrians same 
 night. 
 
 [At N.E. end of the lake is 
 Bondone, romantically perched on 
 the summit of a steej) rock, nearly 
 1000 ft. above level of the water. 
 
 The Cima Spessa beyond affords a 
 tine View of the valley of the Chiese 
 (wait to cross the frontier before 
 visiting it), and path crosses the 
 ridge of Mte. Tombea to Magasa 
 in Val Vestino. (See below.)] 
 
 Soon after leaving the lake at 
 
 Lodrone, the stream of the 6 m. 
 Calfaro forms the frontier be¬ 
 tween Austria and Italy. Douane 
 on either side. 
 
 [The charming Val Calfaro 
 opens W. with interesting mute 
 to Val Camonica (Rtes. 220A and 
 231) ; also from Bagalino (Lnn)is 
 a path over into Val Trompia, S. 
 interesting in upper part, im- 
 jDortant for ironworks in lower. 
 
 Rd. thence to Brescia.] 
 
 After passing through Darzo the 
 rd. branches off rt. and crosses 
 the 
 
 Bridge over the Chiese, to enter 3 m. 
 the narrow Val Ampola. 
 
 [The rd. up the valley of the 
 Cliiese leads into the romantic 
 scenery of the Giudicaria and the 
 dolomites of the Brenta Alta in 
 Val Rendena (see Rte. 220A).] 
 
 Storo (Inn: Cavallo Bianco, 1 m. 
 clean), strikingly situated under 
 
407 Bte. 2 ^ 2 .—IlOVEEEDO to VICENZA. 8 ETTE COAIUNL 408 
 
 precipices, and for some time head- 
 
 ' quarters of Garibaldi in 1866 . The 
 rd. ascends the limestone cleft 
 called Val Ampola. 
 
 2 m. Fort' Ampola, a small work 
 that delayed the Garibaldians se¬ 
 veral days. 
 
 [Near this, Val Lorina enters 
 from S., a wild and deep glen, 
 the path leading along the bottom, 
 and finally ascending to a ridge 
 between a summit called Cap- 
 lone and Mte. Tomhea (68oo ft.), 
 the N. face of which especially is 
 remarkable for maiiy rare plants. 
 The descent crosses the S. face 
 of Mte. Tombea to Magasa (rough 
 Inn) in Val Vestino, the upper part 
 of a valley which lower down is 
 called Val Toscolano: this latter 
 is poorly inhabited, and rather 
 tame. It issues on the Lake of 
 Garda at vill. of Toscolano. {Inn 
 humble, not bad.)] At the 
 
 5 m. Summit of the pass is a small 
 pool, succeeded by marshy ground 
 for some distance, Avhen the wide 
 basin of the Val di Ledro opens 
 to view, several villages are 
 passed; at Beseca the last action 
 between Garibaldians and Aus¬ 
 trians was fought; and at 
 
 5 m. Pieve di Ledro {Inn, tolerable 
 country sort) the borders of the 
 charming 
 
 Lago di Ledro are reached. The 
 lake is 2 m. long by i m. wide 
 (2183 ft.). It is surrounded by 
 sloping meadows and wooded 
 hills, with higher mountains in 
 Anew S. After passing it, the rd. 
 descends rapidly by the stream of 
 the Ponale, Avhich finally fiings 
 itself by a cascade into the Lake 
 of Garda. At a point 700 ft. above 
 the Avaters of the lake the rd. 
 
 turns 1., and is carried for m., 
 Avith Avonderful vicAV's beloAv, along 
 the face of a tremendous precipice 
 in a notch or shelf, till it reaches 
 
 Eiva {Inns: Sole, good; Giar- 9 
 dino, cheaiier), at the N. end of 
 the lake. (See Etc. 218.) 
 
 Ete. 232 . - eoveredo to 
 
 VICENZA, by the VALLE DEI 
 SIGNORI and SCHIO, Avith 
 EXCURSIONS to the SETTE 
 COMUNI and the BATHS of 
 RECOARO. 
 
 KOVEREDO to eng. m. 
 
 Schio.28 
 
 Vicenza.21 
 
 A stellvvagen starts daily at 4 in the 
 morning from Roveredo for Schio, where 
 it is in communication with another for 
 Vicenza, arranged to meet the trains. 
 There are no post-stations between Ro¬ 
 veredo and Schio, but horses and car¬ 
 riages can be hired at both those places. 
 An extra horse is required to ascend the 
 pass of Fugazze on either side, and 8 hr.s. 
 are generally required from Roveredo to 
 Schio. The rest is easy. 
 
 This is the most direct route 
 between the Italian Tyrol and 
 Vicenza or Venice. It leads over 
 the extremely fine pass of Fugazze, 
 and through the romantic valley 
 del Signori, and offers from Schio 
 tAvo interesting excursions—to the 
 Seite Comuni on the one hand, 
 or to the Baths of Itecoaro on 
 
409 me. 232 .—BOVEREDO to VICENZA. 8 ETTE C 03 IUNI. 410 
 
 the other. The former is a hold 
 table-land occupied by a sparse 
 and singular i^oiaulation, the latter 
 a gay and charmingly picturesque 
 watering-place. 
 
 Roveredo. (Inn: CavalloBianco 
 and Corona, in one; good, hut 
 dear.') Rte. 217. The rd. enters 
 the Val d’Arsa, traversed by the 
 Leno, to the E. of the town ; the 
 lower end is called alsoVal Lunga, 
 as far as the point, | hr. from 
 the town, where the 
 
 2 m. Val Terragnolo opens E. 
 [Noriglio, San Nicolo, and Piazza 
 are the principal villages of this 
 valley; the latter is the chief 
 l^lace, whence by liill paths the 
 Val Astico and Sette Oomuni 
 may he reached.] 
 
 A large paper-mill is passed, 
 and presently is seen the Chapel 
 of St. Columhano niched against 
 the wall of precijoice across the 
 stream. The valley is beautiful, 
 clothed with brush-wood, but 
 remarkably solitary. After a 
 long ascent Pozzachio is the first 
 vill. that comes in sight on 
 a height to the 1 . Soon after¬ 
 wards, at Yalmorbia, the uppei 
 valley opens strikingly, closed by 
 the dolomite peaks of Recoaro. 
 The view becomes very fine about 
 
 9 m. Raossi {Inn: small). A 
 little beyond this, commandiiigly 
 situated, and reached by a wind¬ 
 ing ascent, is 
 
 Chiesa, a few houses near a 
 ch. on a hill, and chief place of 
 the valley. It is called also 
 Pieve cli Val d’Arsa. 
 
 [A bridle-path to Recoaro here 
 leaves our route, continuing up 
 the valley by the vill. of Campo 
 Silvano {Inn: tolerable), and 
 
 ascending to a col in the dolomite 
 ridge called the Campo Grosso. 
 
 It descends by Marendaore into 
 the richly wooded valley on the 
 other side. This j^ath is inte¬ 
 resting to the geologist. Re¬ 
 quires a guide. 
 
 (A pedestrian bound for Re¬ 
 coaro from tlie N. may find a 
 still more interesting path from 
 Ala below Roveredo on the rly. 
 
 (See Rte, 217.) This ascends 
 the Val Ronchi, crosses the 
 Colle della Lora (called also Re- 
 velto), on the N. side of the dolo- 
 mitic pyramid of the Cima delle 
 tre Croci (6368 ft.), and descends 
 to Recoaro by the vill. of Obante.) 
 
 (Rte. 232 a.)] 
 
 From Chiesa the ascent con¬ 
 tinues, bearing to 1. away from 
 the main valley. The rd. makes 
 the circuit of a vast wooded hol¬ 
 low, and mounts through noble 
 scenery, passing a small osteria 
 (which can supply coftee, wine, 
 and bread), to the 
 
 Pass of Fugazze (4560 ft .).5 111. 
 The Frontier between Tyrol and 
 Italy. The rd. immediately de¬ 
 scends with numerous zigzags 
 into the Valle dei Signori, which 
 opens magnificently. Rocky peaks 
 of most picturesque form pierce 
 the clouds on the 1., and the blue 
 plain of Italy is seen in the dis¬ 
 tance. The valley soon becomes 
 superbly rich in vegetation. 
 
 Valle, with a fine ch., is the Cm. 
 first vill., whence is a path W. to 
 Recoaro, which is also gained 
 lower down by a patli striking 
 over the hill a little before 
 reaching 
 
 Torre Belvicino, whence the 3 | m. 
 road is level to 
 
411 me. 2 ^ 2 .—noVEREDOto VICENZA. SETTECOMUNl.m 
 
 2 J in. ScMo {Inns: Croce cl’Oro, good 
 rooms, but extortionate; della 
 Stella, fair. The inns are close 
 together.) The town is neat and 
 flourishing; 6000 Inhab.; a large 
 woollen factory employs 400 
 hands. Passini’s Geological Mu¬ 
 seum is a rich collection. Dr. 
 Bologna, who accomjianied Sir 
 lloderick Murchison, lives here, 
 and can give information about 
 the Sette Comuui. Low ijictur- 
 esque hills surround the place 
 and overlook the plain of the 
 A^icentino. 
 
 [Two bridle-paths cross the 
 hills from Schio to llecoaro. One 
 is that already mentioned, which 
 leaves the rd. of the Valle dei Sig¬ 
 nori about 4 m. above Schio, winds 
 iqiward to the ridge, with fine 
 views towards the head of the 
 valley, and descends upon Ee- 
 coaro by Kovigliana 4 hrs. The 
 other is by Magre, Kte. 232 a.] 
 
 Excursion to the Sette Comuni. 
 
 This singular district may be 
 best approached from Schio. It 
 consists of a high table-land be¬ 
 tween the rivers Astico and 
 Brenta. Mean height above sea 
 3250 ft.; climate cold; productions 
 Alpine. Trade in cattle, cheese, 
 thnber, and straw-plait. It is 
 penetrated by but one rd., which 
 ascends from the side of the Astico, 
 and by a few abrupt and rough 
 paths. Asiago, Pop, 5300 , is the 
 capital, situated nearly in the cen¬ 
 tre. The whole mountain mass 
 is of great geological interest (see 
 Murchison in ‘ Geol. Journ,,’ vol. 
 V. pt. i. 1849 ). The chief pecu- 
 liarty of the district, however, is 
 derived from the character of the 
 population. The Inhab., about 
 40,000 in number, are Germans, 
 
 divided into 7 parishes or com¬ 
 munities, spread chiefly over the 
 southern half of the plateau, and 
 distinguished in language and 
 manners, as formerly in dress, 
 from the Italians, by whom they 
 are surrounded. Their history, 
 like that of all the German colo¬ 
 nies S. of the Alps, is obscure; but 
 their language, which is the old 
 Suabian dialect (now gradually 
 dying out), suggests that they are 
 a remnant of the Suabian tribe 
 occupying in the middle ages 
 AYestern Tyrol and the A^orarl- 
 berg, and which the encroaching 
 Italians have isolated upon their 
 bleak hill-tops. It is said to 
 have most simihuity to the dialect 
 spoken by the people living near 
 tlie Scliliersee and Tegern.seo, 
 Bavaria. The scattered thatched 
 farmhouses and quaint villages 
 remind the traveller of AViirtem- 
 berg or Bavaria. The churches 
 are becoming Italianized; that 
 of liotzo is the most ancient. 
 Until 1797 they formed a republic 
 under the protection of Venice. 
 
 At Schio carriages may be hired for 
 the whole distance, about 25 m., to Asi¬ 
 ago ; time required, 6 hrs. 
 
 The rd. goes by Fiovene, G m., 
 where it enters and crosses the 
 Anl d’Astico, and by an extraor¬ 
 dinary series of zigzags laid iq) 
 the mountain side, and visible far 
 in the plain, reaches the summit, 
 whence over an undulating and 
 curious country, broken by pro¬ 
 truding rocks, like the Karst of 
 Carniola, and barely inhabited, 
 it descends into the basin of 
 Asiago. 
 
 The geologist will, however, 
 find it more to his advantage to 
 abandon this new route for the 
 old one, and, proceeding up the 
 valley of the Astico to Pedescala 
 
413 
 
 Mte. 2S2 a.~BATIIS of BlJCOAEO. 
 
 414 
 
 (10 m. from Piovene), take the 
 steep ascent to the plateau, where 
 a succession of oolitic strata full 
 of fossils, covered by red limestone 
 containing ammonites, will be 
 observed. Botzo, 3 m., is near 
 the edge of the plateau; thence it 
 is almost level to Eoana, 5 m. ; 
 then the deep ravine of the river 
 Assa has to be crossed; and 2 m. 
 further is Asiago. {Inn: Bosco’s, 
 just tolerable, 2 bed-rooms ; others 
 cleaner over the way.) It is a 
 long, straggling, and rather dirty 
 vill. with a large new ch. 
 
 There is a path, only passable 
 in dry weather, from Asiago to 
 Valstagna, on the Brenta, 4 hrs. ; 
 1 hr. over the open plain on a 
 good rd., passing Gallio, one of 
 the 7 communes; then 1 hr. down 
 a stony gully, to Boso, where is a 
 poor osteria and a small ch., pic¬ 
 turesquely situated, for at this 
 point both stream and path ch’op 
 suddenly into a grand and deej) 
 gorge, descending all the way to 
 Valstagna, 2 hi’s., where the 
 Brenta valley opens very finely. 
 There is an excellent small Inn 
 over the bridge on the high rd.; 
 1 hr.’s drive to Bassano. 
 
 From Schio the rd., skirting a 
 range of low hills to the W., keeps 
 along the plain, through 
 
 5 m. Malo, to 
 
 16 ni. Vicenza. Inns: Albergo della 
 Villa, by Torresani, best ; Bahn- 
 liof’s Eestauration. See Hand¬ 
 book N. Italy, Ete. 26 b. 
 
 Rte. 232 A.—viCEiiZA to 
 SCHIO, by the BATHS of RE- 
 COASO. 
 
 VICENZA to 
 Eecoaro. , 
 
 Schio 
 
 ENG. M. 
 . 20 
 • iJ 
 
 A good rd. to the Baths, and public 
 conveyances several times a day in about 
 4 hrs. A carriage and pair can be hired 
 for 20 fr. For the bridle-path to Schio 
 donkeys may be hired at 4 fr. each. 
 
 Iravellers by rail fi’om Verona should 
 stop at Taverntlle, where carriages wait 
 for hire to the Baths. 
 
 Eecoaro owes its attractions to 
 the beauty of its situation — a 
 richly wooded and elevated basin 
 surrounded by charmingly-varied 
 mountain forms, among which to 
 the N. are dolomite peaks—to 
 the celebrity of its mineral waters, 
 to its remarkable geological fea¬ 
 tures, and last, not least, its crowd 
 of visitors. 
 
 ^ From Vicenza the broad dusty 
 high rd. is pursued as far as 
 
 Tavernelle, where it turns to- 3 
 wards the foot of the hills, upon 
 which stands the ruined castle of 
 Mo 7 itecchio. CA bridle-i^ath as¬ 
 cends and keeps along the hills 
 by Castel Gomberto, thence de¬ 
 scending into the Val d’Agno; 
 this route will reward the geo¬ 
 logist by its fine sections of vol¬ 
 canic tufas of the tertiary period, 
 especially at Montecchio and 
 Gomberto.] Winding round to 
 the N., the road enters tlie Val 
 d’Agno, rich and beautiful with 
 several villages. At 
 
 m. 
 
415 
 
 Bte. 232 a.—BATHS of BEGOAIIO. 
 
 416 
 
 10 m. Comedo, small Inn, wliere the 
 voiturier usually halts, and a fair 
 meal is supplied. Near 
 
 Valdagno, where the rd. crosses 
 the river, are, to the 1., mines of 
 lignite coal, much used even as 
 far as Padua. Beyond 
 
 St. Quirico mica slate appears, 
 the fundamental rock of these 
 Alps. At a 
 
 Bridge, by which the stream is 
 again crossed, the straggling vill. 
 of Recoaro appears bosomed in 
 foliage. {Ohs. on the side of the 
 new rd. specimens of basaltic 
 dykes.) 
 
 7 m. Eecoaro. (Inns: Albergo di 
 Trettenero, and many others; a 
 large one at the Baths : also 
 several lodging-houses; dinners 
 provided from the hotels. Charges 
 for a room and living at an hotel, 
 from 6 to 8 fr. per day.) There 
 are an Assembly and Reading- 
 room, and plenty of horses and 
 donkeys. 
 
 The valley basin is 1500 ft. 
 above sea; climate cool during the 
 hot months. There are numerous 
 shady walks among the dies- 
 nut and walnut covered steeps, 
 and a small chapel on a hill in 
 centre of the basin commands a 
 charming general view. Dolo- 
 mitic peaks rise in a circle N. 
 and W. to a height of 6000 ft. 
 The Campo Grosso and Cima 
 delle tre Croci are the most 
 remarkable. Mte. Spiz, which 
 appears as a sharp point rising im¬ 
 mediately over h'ecoaro W., may 
 be ascended in 2 hrs. The path, 
 practicable for horses, leads up 
 from the Ponte Regia. The View 
 is most extensive and varied, and 
 
 unsurpassed in richness. The 
 Waters contain carbonates of lime, 
 iron, and magnesia, with sulphate 
 of lime, and an excess of carbonic 
 acid; pleasant to the taste, effi¬ 
 cacious in chronic disorders of 
 digestive organs and liver; also, 
 when heated and used in baths, 
 advantageous for chronic rheu¬ 
 matism and paralysis. There are 
 several springs, but the principal 
 are Ponte Regia and Ponte 
 Lorgna, i m. W., where is the 
 pump-room and universal morn¬ 
 ing promenade. Season—June, 
 
 July, and August. An immense 
 quantity of the water is l^ottled 
 and sent all over Italy. 
 
 The Geology of Recoaro is well 
 illustrated by Sir R. Murchison 
 (‘Geol. Journ.,’ vol. v.). The 
 lowest part of the valley consists 
 of mica slate and red sandstone 
 cut through by a basaltic dyke, 
 from which intersection spring 
 the chalybeate waters; higher 
 up is a series of calcareous beds, 
 and higher still oolitic limestone 
 partly converted into dolomite. 
 
 An ascent of Mte. Spiz by the 
 ravine of the Fiege, descending 
 by villages of Tongara and San 
 Quirico, a day’s excursion, will 
 well show these formations. 
 Porphyry will also be observed at 
 Tongara. Other Excursions for 
 the same object may be made 
 either to the Campo Grasso by 
 Morendaore, or to the Tre Croci 
 by Obante. 
 
 There are 2 routes to Schio. 
 
 The easiest follows the rd. to 
 the bridge, then ascends the hill 
 by bridle-path to vill. of 
 
 Eovegliana (a picture in the 3 m. 
 ch.), climbs the ridge, and de¬ 
 scends through a picturesque glen 
 with fine views of Valle dei Sig¬ 
 nori to the 
 
417 
 
 418 
 
 Bte. 2S3.—SCHIO to BELLUNO. 
 
 5 m. High road, which it follows 
 through Torre Belvicino to 
 
 4 m. Schio, Kte. 232. [The other 
 route descends from the same 
 ridge by valley of Gli Zaccanti 
 to vill. of Magre, and is more 
 interesting to the geologist from 
 the development of the ba¬ 
 saltic rocks, and, lower down, of 
 the melaphyres and other igneous 
 rocks, which, decomiaosing, afford 
 the porcelain earth largely ex¬ 
 ported even as far as Florence. 
 The Spizze di Schio, near Magre, 
 is a mass of porphyry.] 
 
 Rte. 233.-SCKI0 to BEL- 
 , LTJNO, by EASSANO and 
 “ EELTRE. 
 
 SCHIO to 
 
 Bassano 
 Feltre . 
 
 ENG. 11 
 
 . . 22 
 
 . . io 
 
 Belluno 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 . . 19 
 
 71 
 
 Good country rd. to Bassano. 2-borse 
 carriages for 20 fr. can be hired at Schio. 
 From Bassano 50 or 60 fr. are charged to 
 Belluno, but the dil. for Trent takes pas¬ 
 sengers as far as Primolano, where the 
 postmaster supplies small carriages for 
 Feltre or Belluno. 
 
 This route leads through inte¬ 
 resting and beautiful country, 
 especially fine from Feltre to Bel¬ 
 luno. It offers also an opportunity 
 to regain the Brenner rd., or reach 
 K]). Tyr. & Alps. 
 
 Carinthia by the grand pass of 
 the Ampezzo. 
 
 From Schio the road winds 
 among fields of rich cultivation to 
 
 Tiene, 4000 Inhab. Frescoes 7 m. 
 by P. Veronese on one of the 
 palaces. 
 
 In a few miles the rd. crosses the 
 river A stico, descending from the 
 mountain plateau of the Sette 
 Comuni (Rte. 232), to the spurs 
 of which the rd. now rises, ^s- 
 playing rich views over the plains. 
 
 Marostica, an old and pic -11 m. 
 turesque town; the walls and 
 towers climb the hill behind; 
 name said to have been derived 
 from Marius, who occupied the 
 site. The Scaligers rebuilt it in 
 13th cent. Alpirms, the physician, 
 who introduced coffee into Europe, 
 was born here 1553; and Alvinzi 
 was defeated by Massena 1796. 
 
 The Brerita is crossed by a covered 
 wooden bridge {fine view) at 
 entrance of 
 
 Bassano. {Inns: Sant’ Antonio ,4 m. 
 clean; IIMondo; Luna.) See Rte. 
 
 222. 
 
 Hence are 2 rds. to Feltre. 
 [That by the grand gorge of the 
 Brenta to Primolano, 22 m., is so 
 far described Rte. 222. There it 
 climbs by zigzags E., crosses the 
 Cismone, descending from the 
 cul de sac of Primiero, and in 
 about 12 m. from Primolano 
 reaches Feltre. See Rte. 222 a.] 
 
 The other rte., shorter, more 
 beautiful, but not so grand, leads by 
 
 Romano, the birthplace of 2 m. 
 Eccelino, and the centre of the 
 earthquake of 1846, from which 
 the district suffered much. 
 
 Crespano, a clean - looking 5 m. 
 
419 
 
 lite. 233.—SCHIO to BELLUNO. 
 
 420 
 
 
 town, and then hy a noble bridge 
 of a single arch over the Astego, 
 built by beq^nest from Canova, to 
 
 3 m. Possagno {Inn: Albergo Eossi), 
 prettily situated; birthplace of 
 Canova. Ch. on hill above in form 
 of an ancient temple, designed by 
 the great sculptor, and finished 
 after his death, contains his tomb, 
 an altarpiece painted by him, and 
 a fine Pieta, a bronze copy from 
 the original; also pictures by 
 Palma V., Palma G., Pordenone, 
 and L. Giordano. Canova s house 
 (the Palazzo), now belonging to 
 the commune, with museum at¬ 
 tached, containing casts of ail his 
 works, and i8 ot his pictures, is 
 shown to strangers, amd worth 
 a visit. 
 
 \_Asolo {Inn: Trabucheli), 5 m. 
 S. of Possagno, is a very pictur¬ 
 esque mediasval town. The castle, 
 with a high tower of the 13 th 
 cent., was the residence of Cate- 
 rina Cornaro, last Queen of 
 Cypms, and Bembo wrote his 
 Dialogues (Asolani) at her court. 
 The Asolan hills form a charming 
 district. At Maser, 2 m. from 
 Asolo, on rd. to Cornuda, is a villa 
 of Sig. Giacomelli, with frescoes 
 by P. Veronese. (Daily omnibus 
 to Treviso.)] 
 
 4 m. Pederobba is passed, and 
 
 1 m. Mulineto stands at junction 
 with the high road from Treviso 
 to Feltrc; here also the traveller 
 enters the valley of the Piave, 
 and, turning N., ascends it by 
 the side of the stream, passing- 
 through 
 
 4 m. Quero, and then 
 
 4 m. Sanzan, where, leaving the 
 Piave, the rd. bends round W., 
 
 passing under a monastery on a 
 hill to rt., to reach 
 
 Feltre {Inns: II Vapore, fair; 4 m. 
 Aquila d’Oro; Stella), 4000 Inhab., 
 in a fine situation; post-rd. runs 
 through lower and modern town. 
 
 The true Feltre, with middle-age 
 fortifications, occupies the hill 
 above. A square tower marks 
 site of the castle (reached from 
 the Piazza, and behind a ch.), 
 wdience a fine view along the 
 range of the Venetian Alps. In 
 the Piazza are the Town-hall, 
 attributed to Palladio; and a 
 pillar, once surmounted by Lion 
 of St. Mark, which, with its in¬ 
 scriptions indicating Venetian su¬ 
 premacy, was destroyed by the 
 French. Monte di Pieta, in a 
 street adjoining, w^as the first 
 establishment of its kind. 
 
 The rd, now turning E. ascends 
 the broad valley of the Piave, or 
 Val di Mel, bordered by a superb 
 range of dolomite mtns. N., and by 
 soft hills S. The Piave keeps 
 close to the latter, and is not much 
 seen. Mel stands on the other 
 side of this stream at the foot of 
 the Col del Moi (4465 ft.). In 
 the new ch. is a St. Sebastian, by 
 Titian (?). The broad stony bed 
 of the 
 
 Cordevole, coming from the N., 10 m. 
 and in its upper course full of the 
 finest scenery, is crossed just 
 before reaching Brihano. The 
 rd. then passes along a secon¬ 
 dary wooded range of hills to 1., 
 upon wdiich is seen a Palazzo of 
 the Monzoni family, and pre¬ 
 sently climbs a long and steep 
 ascent through forests to a richly 
 cultivated plateau, and through a 
 handsome gateway enters 
 
 Belluno {Inns: Duo Torri,9m. ' 
 
421 
 
 Bte. 2SS.—8CHI0 to BELLUNO, 
 
 422 
 
 good; Leone d’Oro) (1254 ft.), 
 capital of the province of that 
 name,—Pop. 11,500,—on a pro¬ 
 montory at junction of the Ardo 
 with the Piave; striking situation. 
 Charming view down Val di Mel 
 from end of the Piazza. A fine 
 bridge over the Piave, built in 
 1840, destroyed in flood, stands 
 in ruin, the piers having given 
 way. The Duomo was built by 
 Palladio. Fine 'ymtwfrom its cam¬ 
 panile (224ft.). Palazzo della Ea- 
 gione (Town-hall) is a fine speci¬ 
 men of Venetian architecture. A 
 Roman sarcophagus stands in 
 front of Gothic Oh, of St. Stephen. 
 Country around is delightful; 
 sketched by Titian. The best 
 points of view are, across the 
 Piave as at Chapel of St. Anna, 
 or that of St. Liberale. The mtn. 
 N. of the city is Mte. Serva 
 (6966 ft.). 
 
 [A good rd. leads 20 m. to 
 Agordo. In about 6 m. it enters 
 gorge of Cordevole at Mas, passing 
 first through remains of a huge 
 mountain slip. A large building, 
 once a Cistercian monastery, now 
 private property, seen 1 . The 
 defile of the Cordevole is very 
 fine, with glimpses of dolomite 
 
 towers rt. and 1 . About a third of 
 way up the gorge to Agordo, just 
 before reaclnng a solitary house, 
 
 La Stanga, at about 10 min. 
 distance from rd., is a singular 
 waterfall. The way is up a cleft, 
 narrowing and widening, and 
 ending in what is almost a 
 cavern. La Stanga will aftbrd 
 wine, bread, and stabling. The 
 rd. in about 10 m. from Mas 
 opens upon basin of Agordo, 
 passing through copper-smelting 
 works of great celebrity, where 
 the process is unique. 2 m, further 
 is Agordo, delightfully situated. 
 
 Fair Inn in Piazza. See Rte. 
 
 222 A.] 
 
 From Belluno a new rd. takes 
 the S. side of river, but the dil. 
 route is by the N. side, to 
 
 Capo di Ponte, where it 4 m. 
 joins the great highway which 
 leads N. by the Ampezzo pass 
 into Tyrol, and S. over^ the 
 bridge which names the vill. to 
 Conegliano, and by rail to Ve¬ 
 nice. See Rte. 228. 
 
 Diligences run daily through Cadore 
 to Veiias, on the Tyrol frontier, meet¬ 
 ing every other day diligences to Nie- 
 derndorf and Brixen; dil. also daily 
 to Conegliano. 
 
 P 2 
 
SECTION IV. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 STYRIA, CARINTHIA, CARNIOLA, AND GORZ. 
 
 PRELIMINAllY INFORMATION. 
 
 How far Alimie. — Styria : Boundaries. — Bivers. — Towns. — Forests. 
 — Mines. — History. Caeinthia : Boundaries.—The Brave .— 
 
 Mountain Banges. — Chief Towns. — Castles. — History. Carniola : 
 Situation.—Alpine portion.—The Save.—The Karst, with Caves 
 of Adelshurg, &c. — Population. — History. Goez : Situation, &c .—■ 
 Character of the Valley of the Isonzo. 
 
 KOTJTE COL. 
 
 240 Salzburg to Gratz, by 
 
 Ischl, Aussee, Leoben, 
 and Bruck on the Mur 429 
 
 241 Lietzen to the Monas¬ 
 
 tery of Admont and to 
 Eisenerz, by the Bass 
 Gesduse .438 
 
 242 Linz to Gratz, hySteyer 
 
 and Eisenerz . . . 440 
 
 243 Salzburg to Laibach, 
 
 by the Badstadter 
 Tauern and Klagenfurt 446 
 243A Klagenfurt to Krain- 
 burg, by Kappel; or 
 to Cilli, by the Caldron 
 of the Steiner Alp . . A^l 
 
 244 Lienz, in the Puster- 
 
 thal, through the Moll- 
 thal, to Heiligenhlut 
 and the Gross Glochner, 
 and over the Rauriser 
 Tauern to Bad Gastein 472 
 
 245 Vienna to and 
 
 Bruck on the Mur . 490 
 
 246 Mariazell to Eisenerz, 
 
 by Wildalpen . . .500 
 
 ROUTE COL. 
 
 247 Vienna to Gratz (Ely.), 
 
 over the SemmeHng . 506 
 
 248 Gratz to Laibach and 
 
 Trieste (Ply.), with Ex¬ 
 cursions to the Quick¬ 
 silver-mines of Idria, 
 the Lake of Zirknitz, 
 and the Caves of Adels- 
 herg and Planina . .538 
 
 230 Vienna to Venice, by 
 Judenhurg, Klagen¬ 
 furt, Pontebba, Udine, 
 and Treviso . . .570 
 
 251 Villach to Laibach, 
 throngh the Valley of 
 the Save. Excursions 
 to Lake of Veldes and 
 the Terglou . . .590 
 
 253 Gratz to Klagenfurt, by 
 
 Marburg, and Excur¬ 
 sion up the Lavant- 
 thal .599 
 
 254 Trieste to Villacli, by 
 
 Gorz, the Valley of 
 the Isonzo, and the 
 Predil Pass . . . 603 
 
425 
 
 STYBIA. GABINTHIA. 
 
 426 
 
 The remaining Eastern portion 
 of the Alpine region is comprised 
 •within the limits of the 4 above- 
 named contiguous provinces. 
 Styria on the N. receives the 
 subsiding masses of the Noric 
 range which descend also into 
 Carinthia on the S. To this 
 latter province, however, belong 
 more distinctively the Carnic 
 Alps, while further S. still the 
 Julian Alps penetrate for a short 
 distance into Carniola, and sepa¬ 
 rate it from the small territory 
 of Gorz. 
 
 Styria (in German Steiermarh) 
 extends from Salzburg and the 
 Salzkammergut on the W. to 
 Hungary on the E. The Duchy 
 of Austria lies along its northern 
 border, and Carinthia bounds it 
 on the S. It is intersected by 
 two gTeat rivers—the Ejins and 
 ihe Mur —which, flowing for a con¬ 
 siderable distance parallel to each 
 other from W. to E., turn away 
 almost simultaneously, the Enns 
 to the N. to fall into the Danube, 
 the Mur to the S. to join the 
 Drave. Between tlie two in their 
 parallel course extends the nitn. 
 range generally termed tiie Alps 
 of Styria (Steierische Alpen). 
 j''he whole province, however, 
 with the exception of a tract to 
 the S.E., is mountainous, the most 
 beautiful portion being that ad¬ 
 joining tlic Salzkammergut and 
 inclosing the Lakes of Aussee. 
 Through the greater part of it 
 there are hardly any towns of im¬ 
 portance ; these lie all on the 
 eastern border, in or towards the 
 plains, where are situated —Bruck 
 on the IVIur, Gratz, the capital, 
 also on the Mur, and one of the 
 most noted cities in the Austrian 
 Empire, Marhurg on the Drave, 
 and far down in the S.E. corner, 
 
 CilU. Styria is remarkable for 
 the extent of its Forests, the 
 beauty and grandeur of which 
 seem to be rivalled only in Nor¬ 
 way. They absorb much of the 
 industry of the country, but the 
 trade of the woodcutter {Holz- 
 kneclit) is nevertheless subservient 
 to that of the iron worker, for the 
 Iron Works of Styria afford its 
 most famous product. The prin¬ 
 cipal mines are in the neighbour¬ 
 hood of Eisenerz. The Styrian 
 iron was noted even among the 
 Eomans who highly valued the 
 Noric swords [Noricos enses). 
 {History). Like Salzburg Styria 
 was part of tlie Koman Norimm. 
 In 1192, on the failure of heirs 
 to Ottokar VI. of Bohemia, it fell 
 to Leopold V. of Austria, the 
 same who imprisoned Eichard 
 Coeur de Lion. After some varia¬ 
 tions in sovereignty, Eudolf of 
 Hapsburg, in 1282, attached the 
 Duchy to his dominions, and it 
 has belonged to the House of 
 Austria ever since. The popula¬ 
 tion is pure German. 
 
 Carinthia (in German Karnten), 
 unlike Styria is a very compactly 
 shaped country, enclosed by 
 Styria on the N. and E., and by 
 Tyrol and Carniola on the W. 
 and S. Its chief features are the 
 long Valley of the Drave, with 
 which that of the Gail is con¬ 
 nected, bisecting the province from 
 W. to E., and the two mtn. ranges 
 parallel to them, the highest 
 summits of which define respec¬ 
 tively the N. and S. boundaries 
 of the country. That to the N., 
 a portion of the Noric Alps, rises 
 towards the E. into the lofty Anko- 
 gel, and W. into the magnificent 
 Gross Glockner, in whicli latter 
 Carinthia boasts of possessing one 
 of the grandest snow-peaks of the 
 
427 
 
 CABNIOLA. GOBZ. 
 
 428 
 
 Alps. On the S.W. the Carnic 
 Alx>s display some striking forms, 
 ■while the KarawanJcas, 'which 
 compose the chief southern boun¬ 
 dary of Carinthia, contain much 
 ' picturesque scenery, and at their 
 eastern end soar into the fine 
 limestone mass of the Grintouz, 
 Oistriza, and others enclosing the 
 singular so called Caldron of the 
 Steiner Alp. The Satnitz Pla¬ 
 teau is a curious tertiary forma¬ 
 tion, extending along a portion 
 of the Drave, and directly S. of 
 Klagenfurt the capital, a pleasant 
 town occupying an elevated plain 
 in nearly the centre of the pro¬ 
 vince. VillacJi to the W. of this 
 is an ancient town, and FriesacU 
 and St. Veit to the N. have much 
 historical interest. There are 
 several Lakes in Carinthia, all 
 long and narrow. The Worther 
 See near Klagenfurt, the Ossia- 
 cher See near Villach, and the 
 Millstatter See near Spital, are 
 the principal. Carinthia also 
 derives much interest from the 
 numerous Castle ruins which espe¬ 
 cially abound in the neighbour¬ 
 hood of the Drave, and which are 
 associated with records of Turkish 
 invasion and defeat. {History). 
 Carinthia’s original name was 
 Gord-tdn,ov mountain-land, given 
 to it by the Slovenes who settled 
 down as its possessors after the 
 period of Barbarian invasions had 
 ceased. It fell for a time to the 
 Dukes of Bavaria, but presently 
 acquired Slovenic Dukes of its 
 own. In 1282 it was assigned to 
 the Count of Tyrol, and in 1331, 
 by failure of the line, came finally 
 into the hands of the Austrian 
 Hapsburgs. One of the most signal 
 events in its history is the great 
 battle of Yillach 1492, in which 
 a great Turkish host was de¬ 
 stroyed. There is a considerable 
 
 Slovenic or Windisch population : 
 but it has during the middle ages 
 been encroached upon by Ger¬ 
 mans from the N., and the Slovenes 
 now occupy mainly the S. portions, 
 especially parts of the Gailthal, 
 the Satnitz plateau, and the 
 Karawankas which are contiguous 
 to the more Slovenic Carniola. 
 The Inns are fair and cheap. 
 
 A Bly. now traverses the pro¬ 
 vince from Marburg on the 
 Vienna and Trieste line through 
 Klagenfurt to Villach, and will 
 soon be carried farther to Lienz 
 and Brixen, where it will unite 
 with that now in progress over 
 the Brenner pass. 
 
 Carniola (German Krain), lying 
 S. of Carinthia and Styria, is di¬ 
 vided from Venetia by the narrow 
 little territory of Gorz on the W., 
 and is bounded on the S. and E. 
 by the military Croatian colonies. 
 Only the N.W. portion of it is 
 mountainous where it is skirted 
 by the Jidian Alps, of which the 
 loftiest summit is the Terglou. 
 Along the northern side of this 
 range lies the line valley of the 
 Save, the principal river of Car¬ 
 niola. The pictm-esque beauty 
 of the i 3 rovince is nearly confined 
 to this valley; but there, espe¬ 
 cially in its upper portion, and 
 about the small Lake of Veldes, 
 near the foot of the Terglou, 
 it is very charming. Otherwise 
 Ihe scenery is marked by the 
 l^revalence of great tracts of 
 bare limestone—of a lofty plateau 
 character among the mtns., 
 desolate and cavernous lower- 
 down, where, in the district 
 termed the Karst, are the famous 
 Caves of Adelsberg and Planina, 
 the singular Lake of Zirknitz, 
 and the Quicksilver mines of 
 Idria, which, with the above- 
 
429 
 
 430 
 
 life. —SALZBURG to GRATZ. 
 
 mentioned valley of tlie Save, are 
 the principal objects of interest to 
 the traveller in Carniola. The 
 Inhab. are for the most part 
 Slovenic and not prepossessing. 
 The country Inns are inferior. 
 Carniola derives its name from 
 the Roman Carnia. Under diifer- 
 ent Margraves it had various 
 fortunes till in 1231 it became a 
 Duchy, the Dukes of which after 
 1282 were Austrian, and it thus 
 became eventually attached to the 
 Empire. 
 
 Gorz (Italian Gorizia) is a 
 narrow slip of country, consisting 
 
 only of the Valley of the Isonzo 
 lying on the western side of the 
 Julian Alps, which separate it 
 from Carniola, and divided from 
 Venetia by a lower limestone 
 range. There is striking scenery 
 in the upper part of the valley, 
 where is the small town of Flitsch. 
 Gorz, the capital, is in the lower 
 j)ortion, almost within sight of the 
 x\.driatic and surrounded by a 
 pleasant landscape. The Counts 
 of Gi’trz were at one time very 
 powerful, possessing a great part 
 of Tyrol and feudal rights in 
 Carinthia. 
 
 HOUTES. 
 
 Rte. 240.-rrom SALZBURG 
 to GRATZ, by ISCHL, AUSSEE, 
 LEOBEN, and BRUCK on the 
 Mur. 
 
 SALZBURO to i 
 
 EXG. M. 
 
 
 i;xG. M. 
 
 Iscbl ... 
 
 33 
 
 Leoben . 
 
 . 23 
 
 Aussee ♦ . 
 
 17 
 
 Bruck 
 
 . II 
 
 Lietzen . 
 
 23 
 
 Gratz. . 
 
 • 34 
 
 Eottenmanii. 
 
 9 
 
 
 — 
 
 Kablwang . 
 
 26 
 
 
 181 
 
 Eilwagen daily from Salzburg to Rruck, 
 a stat. on the Vienna and Trieste Ely., in 
 hrs. Eilwagen from Salzburg to Ischl, 
 in|7hrs. Vorspan between Giiiggl and 
 Ilof. 
 
 This route is, on the wliole, very 
 picturesque and interesting. 
 
 The rd. begins to ascend the 
 hills at Gniggl, skirting the N. 
 slope of the Gaisberg. From its 
 sumrhit (4223 ft.) is an extensive 
 
 panorama of lakes and mountains. 
 (See Etc 195.) 
 
 Hof {Inn, bad). Beyond, the 
 rd. skirts the S. side of the Fuschel 
 See, I hr. long. Fusclil, a vil. 
 {Inn: Zum Mohren). 
 
 St. Gilgen {Inn: Post, tolerably 
 good, fish dear), at the W. extre¬ 
 mity of the Aher or St. Wolf yang 
 See, 2j hrs. long. Boat to St. 
 Wolfgang, 1 1 hr., 70 kr. 
 
 [A more circuitous, but more 
 pictm’escj^ue route from Salzburg 
 to St. Gilgen forks ofl;' at Giiiggl 
 and through Thalgau : then skiit- 
 ing part of the Mond See, 3 hrs. 
 long {Lunx Lacus), and S. to St. 
 Gilgen, The road passes within 
 a short distance of the small town 
 of Mondsee {Inns: Goldener 
 Lowe; Goldene Krone) 18 m. 
 It then runs along the S. border 
 of the lake, and commands ex¬ 
 quisite views. On quitting it 
 
431 
 
 nte.m.—SALZnVBG to GHATZ. 
 
 432 
 
 there is a steep ascent, and, after 
 passing a tarn, the lonely Kroten 
 See, it descends upon St. Gil- 
 gen.] 
 
 On the opposite side of the lake 
 stands 
 
 before sunrise." If meat be required the 
 visitor must take it with him, as also 
 extra clothing for the night. The inns 
 not opened before the beginning of July. 
 
 One of the St. Wolfgang guides, 
 ranzner, having frequently accompanied 
 geologists, would be useful to a visitor 
 seeking information as to fossils, &c. 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 St. Wolfgang AVeissen 
 
 Rossel, the old one, host and 
 good; Hirsch, not bad). Gothic 
 church, of early 14th cent., with 
 shrine of St. Wolfgang, an object 
 of pilgrimage, and curious altar- 
 'piece, date 1481. Scenery, very 
 beautiful. Finest view of the 
 lake is from Herr Grohmann’s 
 gardens, open only on Tuesdays 
 and Fridays. At the Falken- 
 stein, between St. Wolfgang and 
 St. Gilgen, is a remarkable echo. 
 Good fishing in lake. 
 
 \Summit of the Schajhery (5836 
 ft., or 4056 ft. above lake), 3.^ 
 hrs. from St. Wolfgang, com¬ 
 mands one of the finest patto- 
 ramas in the Eastern Alps. Close 
 around are the bristling limestone 
 peaks of Salzburg and of the Salz- 
 kammergut, with its numerous 
 azure lakes; while more distant 
 rise the snowy mountains of the 
 Central range. If very clear, the 
 Gross Glockner is visible. The 
 view has been compared witli 
 that from the Rigi, and is not 
 inferior to it. Like the Rigi, too, 
 it is often in cloud, while all below 
 is clear. Many fossils found here. 
 
 An inn on the summit has lately been 
 enlarged. Herr Grobmer, the landlord of 
 the Weisseu Hdssel at St. Wolfgang, is 
 the occupier, and to him application 
 should be made for guides, mules, or 
 tickets for prior claim to night accom¬ 
 modation on the mountain. During the 
 season table-d’hote (dear) is provided. 
 There is another inn on the Ober Alp, 
 I hr. below the top, belonging to the 
 postmaster of St. Gilgen,^with 8 beds in 
 4 rooms ; but the inn on the summit is 
 to be preferred, as saving the i hr.’s ascent 
 
 The descent may be made 
 (guide needed) in 2 hrs. down the 
 W. slope to the road between St. 
 Gilgen and the Mond See, not far 
 from the Kroten See and close to 
 Prince AVrede's schloss of Hiitten- 
 stein.J 
 
 From St. Gilgen the road pro¬ 
 ceeds by the side of the river 
 Ischl, through parklike scenery, 
 to 
 
 Ischl {Inns: ist rank, Bauer’s, 33 m. 
 far the best, but very dear; 
 Kreuz, excellent and moderate : 
 
 2nd rank, Baierischer Hof, Stern ; 
 
 3rd rank, Krone). Tlie most 
 central point for making excur¬ 
 sions through the Sahkammergut. 
 
 (See Rte. 203.) 
 
 Goisern, a Protestant commune. 
 Beyond this village the post-rd. 
 separates 1. from the road to 
 Hallstatt, and parses through 
 St. Agatha and then ascends a 
 low pass, the 
 
 Pbtshen Joch, on the summit of 
 which, 3354 ft. (no view here), a 
 pillar marks the boundary of 
 Salzburg and Styria. 
 
 [From the fork beyond Goi¬ 
 sern the Hallstatt lake may be 
 visited on the way to Aussee 
 by making a detour of one day. 
 
 Good road from Ober-Traun (Rte. 
 
 203) to Aussee.] 
 
 Fine view, including the Dach- 
 stein and its glacier. 
 
 Aussee, or Augstsec (J;ms: 17 m. 
 
Eie. ‘l^Q.—SALZBVRCr to GRATZ. 
 
 434 
 
 433 
 
 Post, moderate; Hackerl, good; 
 Blaue Traube; Johann Stiiger’s ; 
 Sonne). Good bead-quarters for 
 excursions, and much cheaper than 
 Ischl, but the Inn at Alt-Aussee 
 better as a halting-place. It is 
 a salt-village, situated at the junc¬ 
 tion of 3 streams, which, issuing 
 from the lakes of Aussee, Grundl, 
 and a tarn, the Oeden See, by 
 their union form the river Traun. 
 Looks like a great timber-yard. 
 
 In the Spital ch. good altar- 
 piece, date 1449. Good guides 
 may be obtained here. 
 
 Excursions to 
 
 (а) Alt-Aussee, the Lahe, the 
 Salt-mine, and the Loser Berg. — 
 The road follows one of the 
 branches of the Traun up a nar¬ 
 row valley N.W., and in hr. 
 reaches the village, and close to 
 the lake. There is a good Inn, 
 recently opened, by the lake, and 
 good fish, salbling {Salmo cdpinus), 
 to be had. Charmingly situated, 
 and has a noble view of the Daeh- 
 stein. The mine is beyond the 
 lake, divided into ii levels. In 
 the 5 th, called the Moosberg, 
 \fisitors are admitted, and pro¬ 
 vided with dresses at the Berg- 
 haus. The brine is carried down 
 in wooden pipes to the salt-pans 
 at Aussee. From the lake the 
 Ijoser (5799 ft.) one of the peaks 
 of the vast plateau of the Todte- 
 gebirge (Dead Mountains) can be 
 ascended in 3 hrs., and olfers a 
 magnificent view. Guides may 
 be inquired after from the Berg- 
 meister, Herr v. Kothberg. 
 
 (б) The Grundl, Tdplitz, and 
 Kammer Lakes. — A car - road 
 leads for about 3 m. along the 
 banks of another feeder of the 
 Traun to the spot where it 
 emerges from the first lake, the 
 
 Grundl See, long and narrow, 
 amid scenery similar in cha¬ 
 racter but far inferior to that of 
 the Gmunden See. Here is a 
 tidy Inn (Erzherzog Johann, 
 Edw. Grogger’s), not dear. Good 
 fish, and salbling also, may be 
 had at this inn; the latter is 
 dear. Permission to fish may be 
 purchased for a few florins from 
 the renters of the water. A boat 
 may be hired with two men to 
 row to the other end, above 4 m., 
 for I fl. This inn is also a plea¬ 
 sant station from which to make 
 excursions over the Todtegebirge. 
 
 From this point cross a 
 
 Wood, I m. wide, and the second 
 lake, the Toplitz See, r m. long, 
 comes into view. Lofty jirecipices 
 hem it in on each side. A fishing 
 canoe may be found on it, which, 
 manned by a boatman brought 
 with the traveller, will convey 
 him to the only landing-place, 
 which is at the farther end. 
 
 Beyond is a much smaller lake, 
 the Kammer See, only 330 ft. 
 long, one of the sources of the 
 Traun, in an extremely pictu¬ 
 resque situation. It is connected 
 with the Toplitz See by a cutting 
 for floating timber, date 1549. 
 
 Time required for the excur¬ 
 sion from the Erzherzog Johann 
 and the return, 4^ hrs., including 
 the 14 hr. occupied in walking 
 between the lakes. 
 
 ' (c) The Klam {Slam'?) Alp in 
 the Todtegehirge. —Situate about 
 9 m. from Aussee, E. of the 
 Grundl See, and 2500 ft. above 
 it. Deserves a visit on account 
 of the extraordinary features of 
 the rocks surrounding it. Simi¬ 
 lar in its geological phenomena 
 to those of the Gosauthal (Kte. 
 204). Notice the face of the 
 
435 
 
 me.2iO.—8ALZBVBG to GRATZ. 
 
 43G 
 
 Grossherg (about 5600 ft.). From 
 its summit a fine View. 
 
 (d) The Sarstein (6558 ft.).—• 
 This peak may be ascended in 
 4.2 hrs., and offers an exquisite 
 View. Track rough and broken. 
 Descent 3 hrs. Guido Franz 
 Ldtzel. 
 
 (e) From the Grundl Sec ex¬ 
 cursions may also be made to the 
 “ Wilden Gossel; ” and to the 
 Feuerthnkfebirge, and by the Gross 
 Priel down to Hinter Stoder, in 
 the Steyerthal. (See Ete. 242.) 
 
 Leaving Aussee, the next sta¬ 
 tion is 
 
 10 m. Mitterndorf {Inn: Post, good). 
 The road winds under the preci¬ 
 pices (tf the Grimming (7697 
 ft.) to the rt., and, after descend¬ 
 ing through striking scenery and 
 passing the remains of an old 
 moraine, it enters the broad 
 
 Ennsthal. [A post-road as¬ 
 cends the 1 . bank of the Enns to 
 Eadstadt (Ete. 243). Beyond, 
 it leads by St. Johann to Salz¬ 
 burg, to G a stein, and into the 
 Pinzgau.] 
 
 9 m. Steinacli {Inn, Post, small 
 and homely). The road passes 
 thi’ough a picturesque and fertile 
 district, enlivened by castles in 
 ruins, and inhabited chateaux, to 
 
 9m. Lietzen {Inns: Post; Stan- 
 ziger’s), a large village. Vieiv 
 from tlie Calvarienberg of the 
 Giimming. 
 
 [A post-road branches off at 
 this point N. to Windischgarsten; 
 another E. to Admont and its 
 Monastery, and beyond by the 
 romantic pass Gesause and Hie- 
 
 flau, to the celebrated iron district 
 of Eisenerz (Ete. 241.)] 
 
 Crossing the Enns and leaving 
 it, the route ascends the Fatten 
 that, commanded at its entrance 
 by Schloss Strechau. View from 
 it fine. 
 
 Rottenmann {Inn, Post, com- 9 m. 
 fortable and roomy), a small 
 town. 
 
 Trieben. Large iron-forges be-8 m. 
 longing to the Admont monas¬ 
 tery. 
 
 |)Here a post-road forks off S. 
 over the Eottenmanner Tauern 
 to Unzmarld, in the Murthal 
 (Ete. 250), and thence S. through 
 Neumarkt to Friesach in N. 
 Carinthia (Ete. 250). From Trie- 
 ben it is 12 m. to St. Johann in 
 the upper Polsthal, a tidy little 
 inn; 20 m. farther to St. Geor- 
 gen, and theuco to Unzmarkt 
 about 3 m.(j 
 
 Gaishorn {Inn, Post) opposite 5 m. 
 to a lake out of which fiows the 
 Palten Bach. 
 
 Col, the second Eottenmanner 7 m. 
 Tauern of that name (5000 ft.). 
 
 Inn here. 
 
 Kahlwang, on the Lisingbach 6 m. 
 {Inn, Post). The Admont mon¬ 
 astery possesses copper - mines 
 here. 
 
 Timmersdorf. 13 m. 
 
 Murthal. First village, St. 5 m. 
 Michael. 
 
 Leoben {Inns: Goldener Ad- 5 m. 
 ler ; Kaiser von Oesterreich in the 
 great square; Zum Mohren, clean 
 and good), the most considerable 
 
437 
 
 Me. m.—LlETZEN to EI8ENEBZ. 
 
 438 
 
 town ill Upper Styria and head¬ 
 quarters of the K. K. Mining 
 Administration of Styria. Fine 
 Views from the steps of the new 
 Eedemptionist Ch. by the river 
 Mnr and from the ruined castle 
 of Massenberg. 
 
 Tlie treaty of the Peace of 
 Leohen, between the Austrians 
 and Buonaparte, was signed at 
 the Bishoj) s palace at Goss, near 
 Leohen, i8th April, 1797, and 
 not in Eggerwald’s garden, not- 
 lyithstanding the Latin inscrip¬ 
 tion there. 
 
 Tlie road along the banks of 
 the Mm’ picturesque. Coal-mines 
 have been worked for 100 years 
 past at Munzenberg, neai’Leoben. 
 
 [L, a post-road strikes off 
 N.W., through Vordernberg, to 
 Eisenerz, Steyer, and Linz (Ete. 
 242).] 
 
 Omnibus daily to Bnick, 50 kr.; Ein- 
 spiinuer, 2 fl.; Zvveispliimer, 3 fl. 
 
 The traveller descends the 
 Murthal to 
 
 11m. Bruck. a stat. on the rly to 
 Gratz (Ete. 247), which may be 
 reached hence in 2 hrs. 
 
 Rte. 241.-LIETZEN to the 
 MOhTASTEEY of ADMONT, and 
 to EISENERZ, by the PASS 
 GESAUSE. 
 
 lietze:! to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Admont. . 12 
 
 Hieflau . . 
 
 Eisenerz . 
 
 ENG. ir. 
 . II 
 
 r94 
 
 EinspUnner from Lietzen to Admont in 
 
 1 hr., 3 fl.; and from Admont to Hieflau, 
 by a good rd. through the pass, 3i fl. A 
 seat may be had in the mail-car running 
 daily between Lietzen and Hieflau, for 
 
 2 fl. 60 kr. 
 
 From Lietzen the road proceeds 
 along the 1. bank of the Enns, and 
 then crosses it to 
 
 Admont {Inns'- Joseph Drax- 
 ler’s; Post; Buchbinder’s). Took 
 its origin from the Benedictine 
 Monastery (ad montes) founded 
 here 1074 a.d. To the rt. is the 
 Frauenberg with the Pilgrimage 
 Church of Maria Kuhn. From 
 it a fine View over the Ennsthal. 
 A panorama from the Calvarien- 
 berg. The 
 
 34 m. Gratz, or to Vienna by the 
 rly. (Ete. 247). 
 
 Kloster, once the richest in 
 Styria, now much reduced, has 
 a collegiate character, adapted 
 for teaching to its younger mem¬ 
 bers various practical arts useful 
 to them in assisting their flocks 
 in their after career as j^arish 
 priests. The huilcling is unfi¬ 
 nished, but of great extent, 
 having 6 courts and 300 rooms. 
 The Library, possessing 80,000 
 volumes and rare MSS., is placed 
 in a room 220 ft. long, richly gilt, 
 Avith 60 windows, frescoes by 
 Altamonte, jiictures. marble floor 
 and pillars. The Museum con¬ 
 tains specimens of the natural 
 
439 
 
 me. 2^2.—LINZ to GEATZ. 
 
 440 
 
 I)roductions of Styria, including 
 rare minerals and horns of the 
 Steinbock, formerly an inhabitant 
 of the district and Herbaria. The 
 Church, in the Italian style, date 
 3627, has the monument of Bishop 
 Gebhard, of Salzburg, the founder 
 of Admont. 
 
 In the gardens are kept separate 
 reservoirs for various species of 
 fish, under lock and key.* 
 
 [Near St. Gallen {Inn, clean 
 and decent), a vill. 14 m. n.w. of 
 Admont, -with many iron forges, 
 is Schloss Gallenstehi, erected by 
 the Abbots, to defend the ap¬ 
 proach to Admont. Picturesque 
 situation.] 
 
 ' 3 m. Pass Gesause. A magnificent, 
 dark, fir-wooded defile, extending 
 without interruption to Hieflau. 
 Name derived from the murmur 
 of the river dashing over the 
 roclcs in its bed, occasioning a 
 succession of rapids. In 10 m. 
 the river firlls 690 ft. On rt. in 
 descending is the Johnshachthal, 
 a scene of great grandeur. It is 
 worth while ascending it as far 
 as the vill. of Jolmsbach 2 hrs. 
 {Lm) for the sake of the scenery. 
 
 13 | m. Hieflau. {Inn, Steuber’s, best) 
 a post station on the rd. to Steyer. 
 See Kte. 242. 
 
 11 J m, Eisenerz (Inn: Franz Moser’s; 
 Ivonig von Sachsen). See Kte. 
 242. 
 
 * The Kloster, Church, Pi-alatur, and 
 Natural History collection, diirnt down 
 28th April, 1865. Only the Library 
 saved. 
 
 Rte. 242 .-IINZ to GEATZ, 
 by STEYEE and EISENEEZ. 
 
 LINZ to 
 
 
 EXG. M, 
 
 Enns . t 
 
 14 
 
 Steyer . .' 5 ' 
 
 16 
 
 W eyer . 
 
 29 
 
 Hieflau . . 
 
 27 
 
 Eisenerz . . 
 
 II 
 
 Vorderiiberg. 
 
 8 
 
 Leoben 
 Bruck 
 Gratz , 
 
 EXG. M. 
 . II 
 . II 
 
 . 34 
 161 
 
 From Linz, as far as Enns (rly.), is from 
 25 to 50 min. Between Enns and Steyer, 
 and between Leoben and Bruck, stell- 
 wagen daily. The interval, that is to 
 say, between Steyer and Leoben, can 
 only be travelled by extra-post. Extra¬ 
 post difficult to obtain at Hieflau. 
 
 This is a bad post-rd.,but it runs 
 through the highly picturesque 
 deep and narrow Enns Thai. It 
 is called the Iron Eoad {Eisen- 
 strasse) from the staple j^roduct of 
 Styria, the manufixeture of which 
 employs almost exclusively the 
 population of the district through 
 which it passes. 
 
 Linz, described Kte. 195. 
 
 Enns {Inns : Adler, very 14 m. 
 good; Krone, good). By rly. 
 from Linz, and described in Kte. 
 
 195. 
 
 The rd. here turns S. up the 
 Enns Thai, and passes the 
 
 Kloster Glaink, the summer 13 m. 
 residence of the Bishop of Linz. 
 
 Steyer {Inns : GoldenerS m, 
 Lowe; Ochs; Schilf), a town of 
 11,000 inhab., prettily situated 
 at the confluence of the Steyer 
 
441 
 
 Bte.2^%~LINZ to GBATZ. 
 
 442 
 
 with the Euns, famous for iron¬ 
 works. The Austrian Sheffield. 
 The old town hes between the 2 
 rivers, and is united with its 
 suburbs Eiinsdorf and Steyerdorf 
 by 2 bridges. 
 
 Kt. of river on a height behind 
 town is Burg Steyer, belonging 
 to Prince Lamberg. The parish 
 Church, date 1443? lias a tower 
 built on the model of that of St. 
 Stephen’s, Vienna. The ch. con- 
 taiws,painted glass, hronzefont, with 
 reliefs, 1569, and a modern votive 
 carved Altarpiece by Guggen- 
 berger, of Munich. Old and new 
 Town House noticeable. 
 
 [A very interesting Excursion 
 may be made from Steyer, by 
 ascending the Steyer Thai, S. 
 through picturesque scenery, to its 
 head among the Stoder mountains. 
 At Burnhach about 30 m. from 
 Steyer, the main-rd., wliich pro¬ 
 ceeds S.E. to Windischgarsteii, is 
 abandoned for a track available 
 for country cars through the 
 gorge of the Steyer to Hinter 
 Stoder, 6 m. At the narrowest 
 part of the gorge the Strumhoding, 
 a fall of the Steyer, is worth 
 seeing. Beyond the ch. on a 
 small hill is the Inn, Schmalzer 
 Wirth (Vogel’s, good). Situated 
 in a smiling and verdant alp 
 basin, surrounded with lofty pre¬ 
 cipices of limestone, with peaks 
 of grotesque outline, and abund¬ 
 ance of waterfalls, it offers ex¬ 
 amples of the most charming 
 scenery. The Bolster Thcd, and 
 at its upper end the Polsterluclce, 
 is one specimen; and the Dietel- 
 hohle is another. But the ascent 
 of the Gross Friel (8238 ft.), the 
 culminating peak of the Todte 
 Gehirge is the principal excursion. 
 The way to it lies through the 
 Bolster Thai and Polsterlucke ; 
 thence in 3 hrs., over the Gross 
 
 and Klein Ofen to the KUnseralp. 
 
 Here good night quarters. Hence 
 there are two ways to the peak, 
 but the easier one through the 
 Klinserscharte requires 4 hrs. fur¬ 
 ther. Both the near and distant 
 panorama are highly rewarding. 
 
 The Kreidelucke is a curious 
 cavern in the Klein Priel. From 
 Hinterstoder, Windischgarten can 
 be reached in 4 hrs. by the 
 Hocheck, a low pass above Vorder 
 Stoder. It affords a magnificent, 
 and the best view of the Hinter 
 Stoder amphitheatre. 
 
 Another outlet is by the Salz- 
 steig in 7 hrs. to Mitterndorf, near 
 Aussee (Ete. 240). It is 3 hrs. 
 to the Poppen Alp, and 13 more 
 to the col between the Krup- 
 stein W. and Schneslitz E. 
 Thence descend by the Schwarz 
 See and Steyer See to Tauplitz 
 Furth and Mitterndorf. By Herr 
 Vogel’s care the track has, in 
 1864 , been made safe in one or 
 two places against the risk of a 
 false step. Besides the scenery 
 it offers, it is by far the shortest 
 Boute from the Stoder Thai into 
 the Salzkammergut.] 
 
 Losenstein, a village of nail -14 m. 
 makers, with an old ch. and 
 ruined castle. 
 
 Arztberg (Jnw). Opposite is 3 m. 
 Belch - Baming with important 
 brass-foundries and government 
 iron-works. 
 
 V/eyer. The seat of iron and 12 m. 
 steel manufactures. The road 
 now penetrates among scenery of 
 the most romantic beauty. 
 
 Freuzbach. This stream fall -10 m. 
 ing into the Enns on 1 ., and that 
 of the 
 
443 
 
 Rte. 242.~LINZ to GRATZ. 
 
 444 
 
 2ni. Laissa falling into the Enns 
 on rt., divide the duchy of Austria 
 from that of iStyria. Opposite the 
 Laissa is 
 
 Altenmarkt {Inns: Plirscli, clean 
 and comfortable; Adler). 
 
 [Koad from here to Admont, 
 
 18 miles, past St. Gallen, and the 
 Burg Gallenstein, belonging to 
 Admont Kloster. (Ete. ■241.;] 
 
 8 m. Eeifling. The Styrian Salza, 
 springing from the Goller, N.E. ■ 
 of Maria Zell, one of the mtns. 
 of the Wiener Wald, falls into 
 the Enns here. A Reclien (grating) 
 2100 ft. long, across its mouth, to 
 arrest the floating timber {Floss- 
 holz). In the Trias beds near, 
 ichthyosauri have been found. 
 
 7 m. Hieflau {Inns: Steuber’s, best; 
 Stiegmayr’s, good), romantically 
 situated near the mouth of the 
 Pass Gesause (Ete. 241). Reclien 
 across the Enns at this place. 
 The Lngauer Sp. (7210 ft.) can 
 be climbed from here. It costs 
 some trouble; guides can be 
 inquired for of Stiegmayr, whose 
 alp pastures lie on this mtn. 
 
 EinspUnner to Admont, 3 } fl. 
 
 The road now leaves the Enns 
 and ascends by the Erzbach. 
 
 7 m. Leopoldsteiner Burg and See. 
 The castle, 1 . side of rd., belongs 
 to a peasant. The lake, behind 
 the castle, beautifully situate, is 
 surrounded by high mtns. 
 
 4 m. Calvarienberg, with fine view 
 to rt., and 
 
 Eisenerz {Inns: Franz Moser’s; 
 Kdnig von Sachsen, not dear; 
 Schaffer’s; Zum Ochsen). An 
 ancient mining town of unprepos¬ 
 
 sessing appearance, 1500 Inhab., 
 overlooked E. by the precipitous 
 Pfafenstein (6 no ft.), and W. by 
 the KaiserscJiild (6815 ft.). The 
 parish Church, St. Oswald’s, date 
 1279, Gothic, is said to have been 
 built by Eudoljjh of Hapsburg. 
 The Emperor Maximilian sur¬ 
 rounded it with ramparts, that 
 the monks of St. John might de¬ 
 fend it against the Turks. The 
 Lower on the height S. calls the 
 miners to and from their work. 
 
 The red Erzberg (literally an 
 Iron mountain), 4870 ft., appears 
 to close the valley S. The greater 
 portion of its mass is so rich in ore, 
 that in summer the rock is actually 
 quarried from the top and sides 
 of the mtn. in open day, and con¬ 
 veyed to the smelting - house 
 without any other preparation 
 than that of being broken small. 
 In winter the mines alone are 
 worked. Fine white Arragonite 
 (Eisenbliithe, carbonate of lime), 
 in the form of branching coral is 
 found lining the wall of several 
 small Grottoes (Schatz Kammern) 
 in the interior of the mtn. The 
 lower part of the mtn. belongs to 
 Government, the upper and 
 richer portion is the property of 
 companies in Yordernberg. The 
 mines and furnaces—in use more 
 than 1000 years—employ 5300 
 men, and produce 280,000 cwts. 
 of iron annually. 
 
 Permission to visit the mines and 
 grottoes can be obtained at the mine- 
 office (Kanzlei) in the town. 
 
 The native excellence of the Sty¬ 
 rian iron enables it to compete 
 advantageously on the Continent 
 with the best irons in Europe, 
 even the Swedish and English. 
 
 Probably from this district the 
 Eomans derived the “ Noricos 
 enses” mentioned by Horace, 
 
445 
 
 Itte. 2iS.—SALZBUBG to LAIBACH. 
 
 446 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 leads direct from the Mine into the 
 post-rd.) 
 
 (a) To the summit of the Erz- 
 herg, 3 hrs. Here is an iron cross 
 28 ft. high, erected 1823, by the 
 Archduke John, enclosing a vo¬ 
 tive painting by Schnorr. Fine 
 View. 
 
 (h) To the Frauenmauer Ca¬ 
 vern or Tunnel. Between the Gsoll 
 Graben on the Eisenerz side, 
 and the Jassing Graben on the 
 E. or Tragosthal side, the former 
 opening out E. of Eisenerz, is a 
 lofty limestone wall. Penetrating 
 this wall E. and W. is a cavern, 
 with an entrance facing Eisenerz, 
 4707 feet above sea. Length of 
 Tunnel 2115 ft. Aseent east¬ 
 wards in tunnel more than 400 ft. 
 3 openings; but the middle one 
 is the real entrance. 3 hrs. as¬ 
 cent from Eisenerz. Fine Views 
 from each end of Tunnel of the 
 neighbouring mtns., that from 
 the E. outlet including the Hoch- 
 schwab (7441 ft.). The finest part 
 of the Cavern is the “Kreuz- 
 halle.” After entering, there is 
 to 1 . a lateral Ice Cavern 200 ft. 
 long with ice stalactites. Both 
 Tunnel and Ice Cavern well de¬ 
 serve a visit. Application for 
 guides and lights to be made at 
 the Mining Office. Domminger 
 and Haid are safe guides. 
 
 [A mountain path of 6 hrs. 
 leads over to Wildalpen, through 
 scenery of extreme beauty, and 
 thence to Maria Zell. Rte. 246.3 
 
 A long steep ascent on the E. 
 side of the Erzberg, leads to the 
 
 2 hrs. Prebuhl Joch (3862 ft.) the 
 watershed between the basins of 
 the Enns and Mur. A continual 
 descent hence to (a hranch rd. 
 
 Vordernberg (Inns: Louis 8 m. 
 Ander's; Post). A wealthy vill. 
 to which its exterior does not 
 correspond. Has 14 iron fur¬ 
 naces. 
 
 Trofajach (Inn: Zum Lebzel -5 m. 
 tern). Erom this point a broad 
 mtn. valley as far as the river 
 
 Mur, which the rd. crosses to 
 enter 
 
 Leoben (Inns: Goldener Ad-G in. 
 ler; Kaiser von Oesterreich). 
 
 (Rte. 240.) 
 
 Eruck on the Mur. Stat. on the 11 m. 
 Vienna and Trieste Ely. (Rte. 
 
 247 -) 
 
 Gratz (Rte. 247). 34 m. 
 
 Rte. 243. — SALZBURG to 
 LAIBACH, by the Pass of the 
 RADSTADTER TAUERN and 
 KLAGENFURT. 
 
 SALZBUEG to 
 
 EXG. M. 
 
 Werfen . . 33 
 
 Kadstadt . 21 
 
 Untertauern. 7 
 
 Tweng . . 14 
 
 St. Michael . 12 
 
 Remiweg. , 9 
 
 Gmund . . 10 
 
 Spital. , .11 
 
 Villacli . . 27 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Velden . . ir 
 
 Klagenfurt . 16 
 
 Unterbergen. 9 
 
 Neumarktl . 17 
 
 Krainburg . ij 
 Laibach . , 17 
 
 227 
 
447 
 
 me. ^^^..—SALZBUBQ to LAIBACH. 
 
 448 
 
 Eilwagen twice a week as far as Vil- 
 lach, in 30 hrs. Rail to Klagenfurt. 
 Eilwagen from Klagenfurt in morning 
 daily to Laibach, in 11 hrs. 
 
 This rd. abounds in fine sce¬ 
 nery, and crosses three chains of 
 Alps, the Kadstadter Tauern, the 
 Katschherg, and the Loibl. Kd. 
 good. 
 
 Salzburg to Werfen already 
 described. (Kte. 200.) 
 
 33 m. Werfen (Inn: Post, tolerable). 
 A mile beyond, the rd. branches 
 off 1 . from that to Gastein. crosses 
 the Salzach, and after surmount¬ 
 ing a two-mile long ascent by 
 the Fritzbach, reaches 
 
 10 m. Huttau (Inn: Post, indifferent). 
 Iron-plate works. Beyond is 
 
 4 m. Steg, a hamlet. The rd. 
 crosses the Fritzbach, and turns 
 more to the S., climbs out of tlfb 
 Fritz Thai over a ridge (2700 ft.), 
 and descends into the Ober Enns 
 Thai. 
 
 [Here a country rd. on rt. runs 
 W. 14 m. through Altenmarkt 
 and Wagrein, over the watershed 
 between the basins of the Enns 
 and Salzach, and falls into the 
 Gastein rd. at St. Johann; not 
 always practicable.] 
 
 7 m. Eadstadt 2170 ft. (Inn; Post, 
 dear and dirty). An ancient 
 town still surrounded by walls. 
 In April, 1865, almost entirely 
 burnt down. The Enns rises 
 about 14 m. off to the S.W. 
 in the Flachau, a valley con¬ 
 taining one of the most consi¬ 
 derable iron furnaces in Salz¬ 
 burg. 
 
 [A post-rd. descends the Enns 
 Thai to Lietzen (Kte. 240), by 
 the Handling Pass, the boun¬ 
 
 dary between Salzburg and 
 Styria, 5 m.; Schladming 7 m.; 
 Grobming {Inn: Goldner Adler, 
 one good room), 14m.; Steinach, 
 16 m. {Inn: Post, small and 
 homely) ; to Lietzen, 9 m. About 
 1 1 m. before reaching Steinach, 
 the rd. from Ischl and Aussee 
 falls in (Kte. 240). Schladming 
 C 2385 ft.) is picturesquely placed 
 between the Limestone Plateau 
 and wall, to which the peak of 
 the Bachstein (9844 ft.) belongs, 
 on the N.; and the Hoch Gel¬ 
 ling, the culminating peak of the 
 Central Kange in Styria (9380 ft.), 
 on the S. The Contrast in fea¬ 
 ture between the masses of the 
 Northern Limestone Zone of the 
 Alps on the one hand, and the 
 gneissic and schistous peaks of 
 the Central Mange on the other, 
 is manifested more strikingly 
 here perhaps than elsewhere. 
 
 Excursions to 
 
 {a) The Hoch Golling. — Is 
 about 9 m. S. of Schladming, 
 and closes the E. fork of the 
 Schladmingthal. On the first day 
 7 hrs. walk to the upper Stein- 
 ivcinderalm, at the foot of the 
 Hoch Golling. Here a hut, 
 erected by Herr von Vernoullier, 
 of Schladming, who owns the 
 shooting, may be used as niglit 
 quarters. The visitor must bring 
 provisions. Next day, 2 hrs. to 
 the Gollingscharte, and 3 more 
 thence (some portion very steep, 
 with an inclination of from 45° to 
 50°) to the summit. Guides: 
 Johann Bachler and Mathias 
 Lechner. 
 
 {h) The Miesach See (4444 ft.) 
 and Waterfall .—About 4 hrs. to 
 the lake, up the Schladmingthal. 
 At the third hour turn up a valley 
 to rt. Here, close to lake, is a well- 
 furnished hunter's hut, where, by 
 
449 
 
 Bte. 2^3.—SALZBURG to LAIBACH. 
 
 450 
 
 permission of Herr von Vemoul- 
 lier, salbling (Salmo alpinics) from 
 the lake may be cooked. 
 
 Not far distant is a very jDic- 
 turesque waterfall. 
 
 (c) Hallstatt. — From Schlad- 
 ming to Hallstatt, over the Dach- 
 stein plateau, by a depression (7242 
 ft.) between the Eselstein and 
 Sinibell.in i2hrs. Very laborious. 
 Herr von Vernoullier may be con¬ 
 sulted for the southern valleys of 
 the Dachstein grouiD. 
 
 {d) Through the Pass Stein .— 
 Descend the Ennsthal about 
 7 m. to a hamlet ealled Salza, 
 at the S.W. base of the Grim- 
 ming. A rough, badly-kept rd. 
 runs hence northwards 8 m., 
 between the precipices of the 
 Kam Spitze 1 ., and of the Grim- 
 ming rt., as far as Mitterndorf, 
 on the Aussee rd, (Kte 240). 
 The scenery said to excel that 
 of the Lueg Pass (Rte. 2oo).J 
 
 Quitting Eadstadt the rd. 
 crosses the Enns, leaves its basin, 
 and ascends the Tauern, or Pass, S. 
 
 7 m. Untertauern {Inn: Post). Near 
 this place, and not far from the 
 rd., is a fine waterfall (200 ft.). 
 
 The rd. becomes steeper, and Vor- 
 spiinner are required. 
 
 Quitting the stream of the 
 
 . Tauernache, the rd., after a long 
 a.scent and a turn to the 1., reaches 
 tire 
 
 8 m. Tauernhaus, 5650 ft. (a kind 
 of hospice; tolerable, but very 
 dear). View desolate and rather 
 monotonous. A rich botanical 
 district. A stay here of a few 
 days, aird the ascent of the neigh¬ 
 bouring peaks, such as the Glock- 
 lerin (7933 ft.), the Bleisling- 
 Iceil (8200 ft.), the Hundsfeldkopf 
 Kp. Tyr. & Alps. 
 
 (7903 ft.), and the See-kahr Spitze 
 (7434 ft.), would produce a rich 
 harvest of plants. A chapel and 
 a burial-ground, surrounded by 
 high walls to keep out the wolves, 
 stands near. Many of the tenants 
 of the latter are unfortunates who 
 have been lost in the snow. The 
 rd. now descends S.E. to 
 
 Tweng, 3840 ft. {Inn: Post).6 m. 
 The first village in Lungau, the 
 south-eastern Gau, or district, of 
 the 4 divisions that form the 
 principality of Salzburg. 
 
 Vorspanner required here up to the 
 Tauernhaus. 
 
 The next place in descend¬ 
 ing is 
 
 Mauterndorf, 3422ft, {Inns : 31 m. 
 Post; Wallner’s, good), a small 
 market - town of old - fashioned 
 buildings. Near are the ruins of 
 a Schloss, surmounted by a tower 
 140 ft. high. 
 
 [ 1 . A country rd. branches otf 
 to Tamsweg, 3 hrs. distant. 
 
 Tamsweg, 3350 ft. {Inn: Post, 
 
 Zur Leisnitz), is the principal 
 place in Lungau. Mauterndorf 
 and St. Michael are the only other 
 market-towns. The central alpine 
 range separates into 2 branches 
 at the Hafner Eck, on the W. 
 boundary of Lungau; one run¬ 
 ning N.E. towards Admont, and 
 the other E. towards Neumarkt 
 and Friesach. Over the former 
 runs the post-rd from Eadstadt, 
 forming the Eadstadter Tauern; 
 over the latter the same rd. is 
 continued S. into Carinthia. Be¬ 
 tween them lies the longitudinal 
 valley of the Mur. Lungau, there¬ 
 fore, occupies the eorner or basin 
 into which flow the head-waters of 
 that stream. Surrounded thus by 
 
 Q 
 
451 Rte. 2^3.~SALZBURG to LAIBACH. 452 ’J 
 
 mtns., Lungau has a cold climate. 
 With its 3 months’ summer and 9 
 months’ winter, it has been called 
 the “ Austrian Siberia.” Its nu¬ 
 merous lateral valleys have their 
 scenery diversified by 30 tarns. 
 The Bothgilden Thai with 2 
 lakes, and the Hafner Eck 
 (10,042 ft.) in the background— 
 the most easterly peak of the 
 Central range, with a glacier— 
 and not far from the source of 
 the Mur, possesses the elements 
 of grandeur. 
 
 The ascent of the Schilcher 
 Hohe (7055 ft.) is very easy, and 
 affords a magnificent mountain 
 panorama. 
 
 The Hoch Colling, from Hinter 
 Goriach, requires 7 hrs. for its 
 ascent. The Hafner Eck cannot 
 he climbed from Lungau; it is 
 possible only from the S. side, 
 from the ridge overlooking the 
 Malta Thai. From this ridge 3 
 laborious hrs. are requisite. And 
 the summit of the Preher Spitze 
 (8976 ft.), N. of Tamsweg, which 
 compels a climb of 3 good hrs. 
 from the Preber See (5183 ft.), is 
 rewarding both to tourist and 
 botanist. Good guides may be 
 had. 
 
 Length of Lungau from W. to 
 E.—from the som’ce of the IMur 
 to the Styrian boundary—14 hrs. 
 Descending the Murthal E. into 
 Styria, TJnzmarld (Ete. 250) is 50 
 m. distant from Tamsweg.] 
 
 The rd. once fairly in the Mur- 
 thal, comes close to the river, 
 and turning sharply W. reaches 
 
 m. St. Michael {Inns: Post, rough, 
 but tolerable; Wastlwirth). 
 
 A Vorspann hence up to Tweng; also 
 in ascending the Katschberg. 
 
 The rd. again turns S., and 
 
 crossing the river and the valley j 
 ascends the steep slope of the ’ 
 
 Katschberg (5255 ft.). Its sum¬ 
 mit is the boundary between Salz¬ 
 burg and Carintnia. No view. 
 
 The rd. descends steeply S.W. to 
 
 Ilennweg,3 532 ft. {Inn: Post).9 m. 
 For about two-thirds of the dis¬ 
 tance to the next stat. the rd. 
 passes through a fine defile of 
 post-tertiary origin. 
 
 Gmiind, 2255 ft. {Inn: Post, 10 n 
 Herr Lax, large and good). The 
 only market-town in the Lieser- 
 thal. The central point for the 
 neighbouring lateral valleys, 
 which contain many ironworks. 
 
 [Here the Malta, or Malfeinthal, 
 more than 20 m. long, falls in on 
 rt. At Dornbach, i hr. above 
 Gmiind, is a chateau of Count 
 Lodron. At the vill. of Malta, 
 a little higher up, is the strong 
 Schloss Kronech. 
 
 Guides may be procured at this 
 yill. by inquiry of the cure, who 
 is a botanist. 
 
 Excursions to 
 
 {a) The summit of the Hoch- 
 almspitze. — The highest peak 
 (11,287 ft.) was reached in 1862 by 
 Von Mojsisovics, in 9^ hrs. from 
 his night-quarters on the Straner 
 Aim (5317 ft.). The Senner on 
 this Aim who accompanied him 
 would be a good guide in any 
 future attempt. 
 
 (&) Up the Gossgrahen, W. to 
 Malnitz. —This Graben'is said to 
 abound in very grand scenery. 
 There is a path leading up it 
 over the ridge at the Dossen- 
 thorl, and down to Dosen and 
 the Dbssner See, and beyond to 
 Malnitz, (Ete. 244.) 
 
453 
 
 Bte. 2i3.—SALZBURG to LAIBACH. 
 
 454 
 
 (c) Uj> the Valley j to Q lirs .— 
 Above Malta there are as many 
 as 17 fine waterfalls (disregard¬ 
 ing smaller ones), beginning with 
 the Gdssfall 1 ., and that of the 
 Fallback, descending from the 
 Perschitzen, rt. At the TraxJiiltte 
 shelter and cotfee may be had. 
 I hr. further is the Blaue Tumpf 
 —a tarn—a fine point of view. 
 Beyond, the valley takes the 
 name of Fiend, said to be a remi¬ 
 niscence of the olden time, when 
 the elk (Elend) was a native of 
 this valley. In 2 lirs. further, 
 the Adamhauerhutte is reached, 
 where rough shelter for the night 
 is obtainal3le. On the Brenner 
 beyond, near the Samerhiitte, is 
 a good point of view for the 
 scenery of the Anhogel, Hochcdni- 
 spitze, and other snowy peaks, 
 and of the Gross Elend glacier. 
 To rt, a path leads over the 
 Kleine ElendscJiarte into the 
 Kbtscliaclithal, and down it to 
 Gastein (Ete. 200). 
 
 Above the Bddernwand, at 
 6000 ft., Herr Kohlmayr, the 
 cure of Malta, discovered an in¬ 
 scription, said to be in Etruscan 
 characters.] 
 
 Descending still, the rd. enters 
 the broad Drauthal at 
 
 11 m. Spital, 1867 ft. {Inn: Post, 
 largo and good). Owes its name 
 to the hospital erected by the 
 Counts of Ortenburg in the 
 middle ages for the reception 
 of their people attacked with 
 leprosy, &c., during their con¬ 
 flicts with the Turks. The build¬ 
 ing is still in existence, but almost 
 entu’ely renewed. Since 1662 
 this thriving market-town, with 
 large estates near, has belonged 
 to the Princes Porzia, who at 
 present live chiefly at Milan. 
 
 The family chateau, near Spital, 
 is richly adorned without; and 
 its saloons are crowded with 
 works of art. 
 
 The Lieser falls into the Drau 
 opposite Spital. 
 
 [Not far to N.E. of Spital lies 
 the Millstadter See, about 10 m. 
 long, with pretty scenery on its 
 banks. It may be explored as 
 far as Millstadt, 5 m. distant, 
 where are tlie ruins of an old 
 Kloster, built on the site of a 
 Slavic heathen oracle. The lake 
 contains excellent salmon-trout.] 
 
 [Et. the rd. ascends the Drau¬ 
 thal to Sachsenburg, 9J m., where 
 the Mollthal falls in on rt, from 
 N.W., and supjjlies the only car¬ 
 riage route to Heiligenblut and 
 tile Gross Glochner at its head 
 (Etes. 2or, 244); and beyond to 
 Greifenburg, 12 m.; and to Lienz, 
 the first town in Tirol, 23 1 m. 
 (Ete. 223).] 
 
 Eilwagpn daily from Spital to Brixen, 
 through the Pusterthal, iu 215 hrs. 
 
 Descending the broad Drau¬ 
 thal the first town is 
 
 Paternion (Jww: Post, rough), 12 
 a small market-town near the 
 entrance to the Stoclcenboyerthal, 
 leading to Weissenbach and the 
 Weissen See (Ete. 223). 
 
 The Drauthal, from Spital 
 downwards, is fertile and well 
 cultivated. 
 
 Villach, 1564 ft. {Inns: Post, 15 
 pretty good; Goldener Lamm ; 
 Steinhauer), a town of 2400 
 inhab., on the Drau, above its 
 junction with the Gail. 8 rds., 
 in as many directions, meet here. 
 Still a place of trade, but in the 
 middle ages was of far greater 
 importance as the hcdfivay-house 
 between Bavaria, Austria, and 
 
 Q 2 
 
455 
 
 me, 2i3.—SALZBURG to LAIBACH. 
 
 456 
 
 Venice. S. of the town is the 
 site of a battle, in which the 
 Turks, in 1492, were defeated 
 ■with great slaughter by the 
 Carinthian Chivalry, under one 
 of the Khevenhiillers, with aid 
 from the Emp. Maximilian. The 
 Parish Church, 15th cent., con¬ 
 tains several interesting monu¬ 
 ments of the Khevenhiiller fa¬ 
 mily, and one of Count Dietrich- 
 stein, the friend of the Emp. 
 Maximilian. Villach is the birth- 
 jilace of Theophrastus Paracelsus, 
 whose grave is shown at Salz- 
 bura:. In the neighbourhood are 
 warm mineral springs, used by 
 the Eomans, temp. 87° F., and 
 advantageous in chronic rheuma¬ 
 tism, paralysis, and lead colic, 
 &c. They have given to the 
 town its name ,—‘^Villa ad aquas.” 
 
 Excursions to 
 
 (a) The ruins of Schloss Lands- 
 hron .—Stands on a wooded hill, 5 
 m. N.E. of Villach, near the outlet 
 from the S. end of the Ossiacher 
 See, and belonged once to the 
 Khevenhullers. The lake has 
 no interesting scenery, but the 
 ruins are extensive (Schloss burnt 
 1805); and there is a fine Vieio 
 from them of the Mangert, Spik, 
 Terglou, and other peaks of the 
 Julian Alps. 
 
 (h) The Summit of the Dohrac 
 (Dohratsch) or Villacher Alp, 7066 
 ft .—The best approach is from 
 Bleiberg, 2930 ft. {Inn: good), a 
 mining vill. of 3800 inhab., 10 m. 
 W. of Villach, and situate in a 
 high longitudinal cleft at the N. 
 foot of the DobraA A good car- 
 riage-rd. leads up thitlier in 2 hrs., 
 and proceeds onwards through 
 Kreuth, down into the Gailthal, 
 near Notsch, and on to Hermagor 
 in 8 hrs., dining at Kreuth. The 
 lead-mines here — at and near 
 
 Bleiberg—are among the most 
 extensive and productive in the 
 empire. The ore occurs partly in 
 the Dachstein limestone of the 
 lower Lias, partly in the upper 
 Trias. 
 
 The path to the summit—in 4 
 hrs.—leads in a series of zigzags 
 up the Lanner Schlucht. On the 
 highest point is a German pil¬ 
 grimage chapel, and close by a 
 Slovenic one, extensively visited 
 by pilgrims of the two races on 
 the 24th July. 
 
 Panorama one of the finest in 
 Carinthia. The line of Julian, 
 rising behind the Carnic Alps 
 and Karawankas, is opposite S.; 
 5 lakes and the whole length of 
 the Gailthal lie below ; the Ante- 
 lao and Marmolata are seen in 
 the S.W. ; while the view N. is 
 bounded by the Gross Glockner 
 and other snow - peaks of the 
 Noric chain. Looking down¬ 
 wards along the bare crags into 
 the Gailthal, more than 5000 ft. 
 below, the eye recognises in the 
 precipitous face of that side of 
 the mountain and the desolate 
 hillocks at its foot the results of 
 the earthquake of the 25th Jan., 
 1348. 
 
 A hut near the summit, with 
 lower and upper room and a 
 stove, affords tolerable night- 
 shelter for the visitor who desires 
 to see the sun set and rise. He 
 must take provisions and candles. 
 
 Enumeration of Roads leading out 
 of Villach. 
 
 1. That taken by the present rte., 
 which ascends the Drauthal to Lienz, in 
 Tyrol (lUe. 22j). 
 
 2. A country rd. by the Ossiacher See, 
 N.E. to Feld'kirchen, and onwards to 
 St. Veit and Friesach (Rte. 250). 
 
 3. A post-rd., leading E. to Klagenfurt, 
 
 now almost superseded by the rly., opened 
 June, 1864. , , 
 
457 
 
 Hie. 2i3.—SALZBUIiG to LAIBACH. 
 
 458 
 
 4. By the same post-rd. as far as 
 Velden, on the Worther See, and thence 
 by steamer along the lake and up the 
 Lend Canal to Klagenfurt. (See below.) 
 
 5. A country rd., which diverges from 
 the great post-rd. to Tarvis at Federaun, 
 S m. S. of Villach, and, passing through 
 Firnitz, descends theDrauthal, here called 
 the Rosenthal, by Latschach and Wind- 
 isch Feistritz, until it falls into the post- 
 rd. from Klagenfurt, S., over the Loibl 
 Pass, opposite Schloss Hollenburg. 
 
 This may he adopted as a circuitous 
 rte. to Klagenfurt, in substitution for 
 Kos. 3 or 4. A country car will take 
 '] hrs. The windings of the Drave, here 
 a large river, the cliffs of the tertiary 
 plateau of the Turia Wald and Satnitz, 1 ., 
 and the slopes of the N. ridge of the 
 Karawankas, rt., give rise to interesting 
 scenerj^. Arrived at the Loibl rd., cross 
 the Drave, ascend the cliff to the top of 
 the plateau, and pursue the rd. N. to 
 Klagenfurt. 
 
 6. A post-rd., diverging from the Tar¬ 
 vis rd. at Tschau, and climbing S. over 
 the ridge of the Karawankas, descends 
 into the upper Savethal at Wurzen (Kte. 
 251). 
 
 7. The gi-eat post-rd. to Tarvis, forking 
 into 2 at that place. One branch con¬ 
 tinues W., and enters Venetia at Pon- 
 tebba (Kte. 2 50); the other branch turns 
 S., and, surmounting the Predil Pass at 
 llaibl, descends into the principality of 
 Gdrz and the basin of the Isonzo (Rte. 
 
 254). 
 
 f 8. The country rd., W’hich ascends the 
 Gailthal, diverging from the Tarvis post- 
 rd. at IMaglern, 15 m. from Villach (Rte. 
 223A). 
 
 With the exception of 3 bridges 
 close together, by means of which 
 the railway clears a great loop of 
 the Drave, the post-road and 
 rly. keep to the N. side of the 
 river, and reach 
 
 11 m. Velden {Inn: Stadt Triest), a 
 small village at the W. end of 
 the Worther or Werder See. Here 
 the traveller may continue his 
 route by rly. along the N. bank 
 of the lake to Klagenfurt; or, if 
 the steamer be at hand, take 
 the lake and canal route. The 
 scenery of the lake is picturesque 
 
 and varied, and the hills on the 
 S. bank allow at intervals views 
 of the Karawankas beyond. Better 
 seen by steamer than by rail. 
 
 The steamer leaves Klagenfurt morn¬ 
 ing and afternoon daily, and the passage 
 occupies about 4 hrs. It does not stop 
 long at Velden, and touches at about 
 6 places on the N. and S. banks of the 
 lake. 
 
 The most interesting object on 
 the lake is the ruined ch. of Sta. 
 Maria Werth, standing on a high 
 promontory on the S. bank, about 
 half-way. Built in 891 a.d., it 
 has given its name to the lake. 
 
 On 1 ., on entering the Lend 
 Canal, stands the 
 
 Schloss Maria Loretto, belong- 13 m. 
 ing to the Count von Eosenberg. 
 
 At the end of the canal is 
 
 Klagenfurt (Inns: Kaiser 3 m. 
 von Oesterreicli, best and good; 
 Moser’s, good; Kaiserkrone, in¬ 
 different ; Post, not good; 
 Sterne; Sonne: Plirsch), 1437 
 ft. Stands at the W. end of a 
 small plain about 18 m. from E. 
 to W., and 9 from N. to S. This 
 plain—formed of diluvium, and 
 at its E. border descending by 
 several terraces to the trough of 
 the Drave—was once the basin 
 of a lake of which the Worther 
 See appears to be the last trace. 
 
 It has been the capital of Carin- 
 thia since 1518. The old capital 
 was St. Veit ^Kte. 250). The 
 fortifications erected 1580, and, 
 except one gateway, destroyed 
 by the French in 1809, have 
 given place to agreeable pro¬ 
 menades. In i860 its population 
 was 15,000. 
 
 Objects of interest in and near the 
 Town. 
 
 a. Landhaus. —The building 
 
459 
 
 'nte. 2id.—SALZBVBG to LAIBACH. 
 
 460 
 
 where the Carintliian Estates 
 hold their meetings, date 1591. 
 The Gireat Hall ( WappenSaaT) has 
 its walls covered witli the arms 
 of the Carintliian noblesse. Two 
 paintings here represent the an¬ 
 cient mode of election and of 
 homage of the Dukes of Oarinthia 
 upon the Karnherg and at the 
 Zollfeld (Etc. 250). The public 
 museum and library, containing 
 objects of Koman and middle 
 age antiquity, old portraits, rock 
 specimens and ores, &c., and 
 open daily, is in another part of 
 this building. The Fiirstenstein, 
 brought hither from the Karn- 
 berg in 1864 for better preserva¬ 
 tion, is under shelter in the court¬ 
 yard (Etc. 250). 
 
 h. Dragon (Lindwurm). — A 
 huge figure of bronze in the 
 new square, the monument of 
 one said to have haunted this 
 district in ancient times, when it 
 was a wild morass. 
 
 c. Tower of St. Egydius, the 
 Pfarrkirche, 290 ft, erected 1709, 
 commands an extensive pano¬ 
 rama. The Karawankas, finely 
 in view S., are, however, too near 
 to allow the peaks of the Julian 
 Alps to bo seen beyond. 
 
 d. Franz-Joseplh Anlagen ('Gar¬ 
 dens').—On the Kreuzherg, above 
 the Kalvarienkirche, outside the 
 town, W. Laid out in a variety 
 of walks commanding distant 
 views ; nearly the entire range 
 of the Karawankas is seen. A 
 military hand twice a week. 
 
 e. Satnitz Plateau and the Pre- 
 diger Stulil. — Concealing from 
 view the roots of the Karawankas, 
 is a plateau of miocene, or newer 
 tertiary origin, with cliffy edges, 
 500 to 600 ft. above the plain, 
 and running for many miles E, 
 and W. at a distance of 4 m. S. of 
 Klagcnfurt. Inhabited entirely 
 
 by Slovenes, a branch of the Sla¬ 
 vonic stock: the same people 
 who occupy the valleys of the 
 Karawankas and Carniola. The 
 plateau is dotted with small 
 hamlets, and isolated from the 
 world below. A fine prospect of 
 Klagenfurt, the plain, the lake, 
 and the old historic sites to the 
 N., may be obtained from the 
 Prediger Stulil, i hr.’s walk from 
 Ebenthal, a village at the foot of 
 the plateau, near the chateau of 
 Count Goes. The Satnitz pos¬ 
 sesses a rich flora: 800 species of 
 flowering plants are said to have 
 been found upon it. At Gurnitz, 2 
 m. E. of Ebenthal, and like it, at 
 the foot of the Satnitz, is a pic¬ 
 turesque break in the face of the 
 cliff, running up some little dis¬ 
 tance, and called the Grotto. It 
 shows well the character of the 
 conglomerate that forms the 
 upper portion of the plateau; 
 and, owing to its cold currents of 
 air and N. aspect, shelters cer¬ 
 tain Alpine plants, as Bhododen- 
 dron hirsutum, Silene Alpestris, 
 Saxifraga mutata, and others, at 
 the unusually low level of 1500 
 feet above the sea. 
 
 /. White-lead manufactory, be¬ 
 longing to the Herbert family, 
 the largest in Austria. The 
 Herberts were ennobled by Maria 
 Theresa in 1765. 
 
 Excursions from Klagenf urt. 
 
 From this point the valleys 
 and scenery of the Karawankas 
 arc most conveniently explored. 
 This chain takes its rise as a low 
 ridge from the Canalthal at Tar- 
 vis, runs E. with increasing 
 height to the Kocna (Kotschna), 
 where it becomes a double chain : 
 the N. one facing the Satnitz, 
 and the S. one—the main divi- 
 
461 
 
 Ete. 2^3.-SALZBUEG to LAIBACH, 
 
 462 
 
 sion—diverging more and more 
 from the other; and finally 
 reaches its culmination in height, 
 scenic boldness, and character, in 
 the Caldron of the Sterner Alp, on 
 tlie boundary of Cariuthia, Oar- 
 niola, and Styria. Further E. it 
 dies away in the Bacliergehirge, 
 a low chain lying between Mar¬ 
 burg on the Drave, and Cilli on 
 the Save, stations on the Vienna 
 and Trieste Ely. (Ete. 248). The 
 Cross sjmrs uniting the N. and S. 
 chains form several valleys, pos¬ 
 sessing the common feature of 
 opening out by narrow ravine¬ 
 like entrances through breaks in 
 the N. chain into the Eosentlial, 
 and closed at their head by the 
 precipitous and bare faces of 
 limestone — Dachstein limestone 
 of the lower lias—of the S. chain. 
 
 The Karawanlms form the 
 boundary between Carinthia and 
 Carniola, and further E. between 
 Carinthia and S. Styria. 
 
 The westernmost of the valleys 
 formed by the cross spurs uniting 
 at intervals the N. and S. chains 
 is the 
 
 I. Barenthal. Scenery eliarm- 
 ing and varied. Take a ear 
 along the Loibl road, and turn to 
 rt. on the S. side of the Satnitz 
 plateau before reaching Kirsclien- 
 theuer. Stop at Windisch Fei- 
 stritz, in the Eosentlial {Inn: 
 Kraiger’s, good), 2^ hrs. from 
 Klagenfurt. Here a guide may 
 be had—necessary in exploring 
 the Karawankas — ^c 7 lo can speak 
 both German and Kraineriscli, as 
 the Slovenie language is called. 
 It is 3 hrs. up the narrow ra¬ 
 vine worn in the tertiary con¬ 
 glomerate, and through the 
 Entrance formed by the N. ridge, 
 to Kranoutz's, a farm-house, where 
 the Stou at the head of the valley 
 
 first comes into view. Tolerable 
 night-quarters here, and perhaps 
 milk. Provisions to be brought 
 from Kraiger’s. Next morning, 
 the Stou (7325 ft.) can be climbed 
 in 4 hrs. — over abundance of 
 debris—by ascending 1. to the 
 saddle between it and the Yer- 
 taSa, and then turning to rt. 
 * Commands a very fine view of 
 the Terglou and Eie E. portion 
 of the Julian Alps. Laibach is 
 visible S.E., and the Grossglock- 
 ner and Noric chain N.W. Many 
 interesting plants may be ga¬ 
 thered, such as Viola Zoysii, Scor- 
 zonera rosea, Gentiana imhricata 
 and pumila, Fedicularis incar- 
 nata, &c. 
 
 Another excursion may be made 
 from Windisch Feistritz over the 
 Kotschna Joch, on the W. ridge 
 of the Barenthal and down to 
 Jauerherg, in the Savetlial, 3 hrs. 
 up, and hr. down. 
 
 E. of the Barenthal is the 
 
 2. Bodenthal. This valley is 
 a branch from the Loiblthal, and 
 the traveller enters it by turning 
 sharply to rt. at Sapotnik, | hr. 
 beyond Unterloihl. It is inferior 
 to its neighbour; but the precipices 
 of the Vertaca (7174 ft.) at its 
 head are fine. Windisch Bleiburg, 
 at the entrance, is a lead-mining 
 vill. At the Bodner bauer, half¬ 
 way uj), are night-quarters, with 
 milk and butter; and the Stou 
 may be climbed from the foot 
 of the Vertaca, by ascending the 
 track to rt. as far as the Joch, 
 and falling into the track from 
 the Barenthal. 
 
 East of the Loiblthal are the 
 following valleys, each possessing 
 characteristic and interesting 
 scenery. 
 
 3. Waidisch thal. This is ap- 
 
463 
 
 Itte. ^^'^.—SALZBVBG to LAIBACH. 
 
 464 
 
 proaclied by the Loibl rte., and 
 then turning into rd. on 1., at 
 Kirsclientlieiier, through Ober Fer- 
 lach to Waidisch (Inn: good), in the 
 ravine between tlie Gross Ger- 
 louz or Harlouz, and the Matzen 
 Vrh. At Ferlacli is the oldest 
 manufactory of arms in Austria, 
 carried on by an association of 
 300 masters. Above, the valley 
 forks into several branches, but 
 all are closed at their head by the 
 long hare wall of the Koschutta. 
 Its highest peak is 6863 ft. 
 
 From Waidisch the Gross Ohir 
 (7000 ft.), in the N. chain, may 
 be ascended by going E. over 
 the ridge into the next valley, the 
 Zellerthal, through Zell, to the 
 Terldbauer, a farm-house at the 
 W. foot of the Obir. Here night- 
 quarters, but provisions had 
 better bo taken from Waidisch. 
 3 hrs. hence to the summit, a 
 narrow ridge. A miner’s house 
 for 30 men, with a separate bed¬ 
 room for the superintendent, near 
 the top, not over-clean, might also 
 serve as night-quarters. * From 
 this point the double chain and 
 cross spiers of the Karaivanlcas well 
 seen; as also the peaks of the 
 Steiner Caldron, close at hand, 
 and great part of Carinthia. 
 
 The Obir is rich in Coleoptera, 
 land-shells, and plants. Among 
 the last are— Alyssum Widfeni- 
 anum, Arabis ovirensis. Cineraria 
 ovirensis. Campanula Zoysii, Eri- 
 trichium nanum, Pedicularis rosea, 
 &c. 
 
 E. of the Waidischthal is the 
 
 4. Vellach Thai. (Rte. 243 a.) 
 
 Furtlier E. again is the 
 
 5. Miesthal. Scenery varied 
 and picturesque. From Bleiburg 
 the Petschen is a noble mass S. 
 Rail from Klagenfurt E. to Blei¬ 
 burg. A good car-road leads 
 
 thence 9 m. to 3 Iies, or Miss, at 
 the narrow entrance of the valley, 
 where the stream finds its way 
 out between the spurs of the 
 Petschen (6925 ft.) and Ursula 
 Berg (5406 ft), both belonging to 
 the N. chain. 
 
 Schwarzenbach, about 5 m. 
 farther, is the j)rincipal vill. 
 Here a guide for the ascent of 
 tile Petschen may be found. It 
 is rich in lead, and interesting 
 plants grow on its slopes, in¬ 
 cluding Cortusa Matthioli. From 
 Koprein, some 7 m. above Schwar¬ 
 zenbach, Sulzbach, in the Caldron 
 of the Steiner Alp, may be reached 
 in less than 3 hrs. (Rte. 243 a.) 
 
 [The rly. is continued E. of 
 Klagenfurt, past Volkermarkt, 
 Unter Drauberg (where it quits 
 Carinthia), and, continuing E. 
 down the Drauthal, joins, at 
 IMarburg. the Vienna and Trieste 
 Rly. (Rtes. 253 and 248.)] 
 
 Retmning to Klagenfurt, the 
 Rte. quits it by the Viktring 
 suburb, and, crossing the level 
 S., jjasses on rt. 
 
 .Viktring, formerly an exten- 3 m 
 sive convent, founded in 1142, 
 and dissolved by Josepli II. In 
 the ch. is some fine old stained- 
 glass. The rd. now gradually 
 ascends the Satnitz plateau to 
 
 Schloss Hollenburg, on its S. 3 111 
 edge, built in the i6th centy. by 
 Sigismund Count von Dietrich- 
 stein. This point overlooks a 
 great portion of the Rosenthal, 
 and faces the Gross Harlouz, and 
 two of the entrances into the 
 Karawankas. Descending the 
 cliff by a zigzag, crossing the 
 Drave, and passing through 
 Kirschentheuer, the rd. arrives at 
 
465 
 
 Rte, 2^^.—SALZBURG to LAIBACH. 
 
 466 
 
 3 m. TTiiterbergen, where horses 
 are changed. 
 
 Vorspamier hence to the summit of the 
 pass. 7 hrs. from Unterbergen, over the 
 summit, to Neumiirktl. 
 
 The entrance into the Loibl Thai 
 is at 
 
 Im. ITnter Loibl. Iron-works. 
 The Gross Harlouz, now on 1 ,, is 
 said to shelter numerous chamois. 
 At 
 
 2 m. Sapotnik, the narrow entrance 
 into the Bodenthal (see above) is 
 passed on rt., and its stream 
 forms a fine waterfall under the 
 rd. At 
 
 1 m. Deutscher Peter, an Inn, where 
 German is spoken. (Kough ac¬ 
 commodation, and not over-clean 
 —the resort of chamois-hunters.) 
 Passing the new ch., and at some 
 distance further, the old ch. of 
 St. Leonhard, the rd. rises by 
 wide sweeps to the summit of 
 the 
 
 5m. Loibl or Leobl Pass (4522 ft.), 
 constructed by the Emperor 
 Charles VL, in 1725. Along the 
 top of the ridge is the boundary 
 between Carinthia and Carniola. 
 The rd. was formerly carried 
 through the summit ridge by a 
 tunnel; but the roof having fallen 
 in, the rd. has been made open to 
 day. A black obelisk on each side 
 marks the summit. Close to the 
 S. side is a row of wooden huts, 
 used to store goods in when 
 brought up from either side to 
 wait until it be convenient to 
 carry them down the other. 
 
 The Loibl Thai is so beset with 
 spurs as to prevent any distant 
 view until the summit is reached. 
 But from this point, looking W., 
 
 the precipitous faces of the Selen- 
 itza, Vertaca, and Stou are seen in 
 fine profile, while opposite is that 
 of the Begunsica, which, running 
 E. to jom the Koschutta, and W. in 
 the direction of the Stou, gives 
 rise to the curious feature of a 
 duplication of the main ridge at 
 this part of the chain.* In the 
 neighbourhood are many inter¬ 
 esting plants—such as Lamium 
 Orvala, Hacquetia Epipactis, 
 Daphne alpina, Lilium carnio- 
 licum, Campanula Zoysii, &c. 
 
 The S. slope is much steeper 
 than the N., and the rd. is car¬ 
 ried rapidly down by several 
 short zigzags which, in the de¬ 
 scent, require careful driving. 
 
 In winter it is often impassable 
 for a week together. 
 
 Passing the ch. of Sta. Anna, 
 
 1., the rd. descends through a 
 break in the Begunsica ridge, 
 and passes along the entire length 
 of the closely shut-in Sta. Anna- 
 thal to 
 
 Heumarktl (Inns: Post; ‘Graf 3 m. 
 Eadetzky), a prosperous vill., 
 engaged in superintending the 
 transit of goods over the pass, or 
 in the manufacture of iron-wire. 
 
 Vorspaiiner hence to the summit of the 
 pass. 
 
 [Before reaching Nagles or Nali- 
 lass, about 9 m. further, the post- 
 rd. up the Savethal to Wurzen 
 and Villach falls in on it. (Kte. 
 
 251-)] 
 
 Krainburg {Lins: PostMay -13 m. 
 er’s, close to the bridge; both 
 good) stands on the edge of a 
 miocene terrace overlooking the 
 
 * A view from a point above the 
 summit of the pass is given in the illus¬ 
 trations to the 1st vol. of Transactions 
 of the Vienna Alpine Club. 
 
4 G 7 lUe. 24 :^x.~KLAGENFURT to KRAINBURG, or CILLL 468 
 
 Save, and between tliat stream 
 and the Ranker. Has 2500 Inhab. 
 In the loth centy. was the seat 
 of the Margraves of Carniola, 
 wlio resided in the Schloss Kiesel- 
 stein, in the town. Next to 
 Laibach, it is the principal town 
 in Carniola. It trades in corn, 
 baskets, and carpets. 
 
 The read continues S.E. down 
 the Savethal, which gradually 
 widens into a diluvial plain, 
 dotted here and there with 
 island hills of carboniferous and 
 trias rock rising out of the dilu¬ 
 vium, to 
 
 17 m. Laibach (Inns: Stadt Wien, 
 good ; Elephant; Wilden Maun : 
 Baierischen Hof), a station on 
 tlie Vienna and Trieste Rly. 
 (Rte. 248.) 
 
 Kte. 243 A. - KLAGEN- 
 EURT to EUAINBURG, by 
 KAPPEL; or to CILLI, by the 
 
 CALDRON of the 
 
 STEINER 
 
 ALP. 
 
 KLAGENFURT to 
 
 exCt. sr. 
 
 HRS. 
 
 Kappel (Vellachthal) by ) , 
 
 the rd. 5 
 
 Sulzbach (in the Cal- ' 
 
 1 _ 
 
 
 dron).J 
 
 * T g 
 
 
 Laufen. 
 
 _ 
 
 51 
 
 Cilli. 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 Or from Kappel to 
 
 Ober Seeland . . . 
 
 9 
 
 
 Kanker ..... 
 
 10 
 
 
 Krainburg .... 
 
 10 
 
 
 The entire road from Kappel to Krain- 
 burg tolerably good; but both slopes of 
 the Seeberg excessively steep. Beyond, 
 it is descent almost the whole distance. 
 
 Tliis is a very interesting Rte., 
 laying open scenery of a high 
 order not visible from any portion 
 of the Loibl Pass, and is made by 
 way of the Vellach Thai, probably 
 the longest valley in the Kara- 
 wankas. 
 
 The Vellach Thai may be 
 reached in two ways. 
 
 ist. hy rail to Kiihnsdorf, E. 
 of Klagenfurt; and thence by car 
 S. through Eberndorf and Sitters- 
 dorf. 
 
 2ndly. and more interesting, 
 by following the post rd. to 
 VdlJcermarlit until it crosses the 
 Gurk; thence by the country 
 rd. on 1 . through Grafenstein, 
 over the Drave by the Anna- 
 hrilclce, near the Satnitz cliffs, 
 and through Rechberg to 
 
 Kappel, also called Eisen 24 
 Kappel (Inn: Frau Popp’s, Mr), 
 an old fashioned small market 
 town; formerly more important, 
 as the place of transit for iron 
 and cattle on the way from 
 Carinthia to Carniola by the 
 Seeberg Pass. Since the com¬ 
 pletion of the Loibl Pass it has 
 fallen off. It stands at the meet¬ 
 ing point of 5 valleys, in a pictu¬ 
 resque situation. A band of 
 granite and a parallel one of 
 diorite make their appearance in 
 the valleys E. and W. of Kappel. 
 To these the disturbances in the 
 sedimentary beds of the district 
 are attributed. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 (a). To the summit of the Gross 
 Obir (7000 ft.). Leave the Ebriach 
 
469 itte. 2i^k.—KLAGENFVRTtoKnAlNBURG,or CILLL 470 
 
 Thai shortly before reaching 
 Ebriach, and ascend slantingly by 
 a good pathway through the woods 
 to the open alp and thence to the 
 “KnappenJiaus.” 4 hrs. to summit. 
 Johann Pannholzer is a guide. 
 
 (h). To the Caldron of the 
 Steiner Alp, and to Cilli. 
 
 In exploring the Caldron it will be as 
 well to take provisions from Kappel. and a 
 guide who can speak both “ Krainerisch ” 
 and German. 
 
 The way turns off 1 . by the 
 Eemschenig Bach that falls into 
 the Vellach Bach a little above 
 Kappel. Beyond Remsclienig 
 turn rt. and ascend the ridge to 
 St. jL eon/iurd, where milk, cheese, 
 and bread may be obtained. 
 In I hr. further, or 3 hrs. 
 from Kappel, the summit of the 
 ridge (4458 ft.) is reached, and 
 the whole of the Caldron is 
 revealed with its 3 internal 
 valleys, its bordering peaks, and 
 the Dolomitic Grintouz or Grinto- 
 vec at its S.W. corner (8386 ft.), 
 the culminating peak of the Kara- 
 wankas. Descent by Ileiligen- 
 geist in 2 hrs. to Sidzbaeh, stand¬ 
 ing in the narrow gorge that 
 leads out of the Caldron. At the 
 Inn,— in 1861, kept by a widow, 
 —rough accommodation. 
 
 If when the traveller is at Sulzbacli 
 there be any difficulty in retaining the 
 guide who has accompanied him, Herr 
 Janz, the priest, may be applied to for 
 another guide. 
 
 The Caldron may be left; — 
 Either by following the course of 
 the Sann, which rises in the 
 Caldron, downwards through the 
 “ Needle's Eye,'’ the narrowest 
 part of the gorge, past Leutsch- 
 dorf, where igneous rocks arc 
 visible, to Laufen, in 5 J hrs.; 
 and then taking a car for 6 hrs. 
 
 more down the broadening Sann- 
 thal to Cilli on the Vienna and 
 Trieste Ely. (Ete. 248). 
 
 Or, better, by ascending the 
 level Logarthal — the central 
 valley of the Caldron — past the 
 Logar and Plessnig farmhouses, 
 through a wood, and leaving 
 the Sann imterfall on rt., ascend 
 by a circuit S. to the ridge 
 (6197 ft.), between the Oistriza 1 . 
 and the Slcuta or Rinha Vrh rt., 
 and descending the entire length 
 of the Feistriz Thai, to the small 
 town of Stem in Carniola. This 
 route brings the traveller in 
 close neighbourhood to the finest 
 portion of the scenery both on the 
 Styrian and Carniolan side. 
 
 From stein it is 8 miles by a country 
 road S. to the post-road at Tersain, and 
 10 more to Laibach (Rte. 248). Or 22 m. 
 E. to the post-rond at Lotschitz, and 20 m. 
 further to Cilli (Rte. 248). 
 
 The rd. ascends the Vellachthal 
 to 
 
 Bad Vellach. Its springs, temp. 5 m. 
 48^^ Fahr., are much visited. 
 
 The ascent of the steep Seeherg 
 Pass begins, and the 
 
 Col (4100 ft.) is reached, 
 
 Vorsplinner in the shape of two oxen 
 usually employed. 
 
 Ober Seeland (3026 ft.)^ once! m 
 the site of a lake and the head 
 of the Kanhertlial. The preci¬ 
 pices of the Merslagora, Skuta, 
 Grintouz, and Kocna stand out 
 grandly on its opposite or S.E. 
 side. 
 
 From a rough Inn here the 
 ascent of the Grintouz might be 
 attempted by wny of the Chalet 
 of Suchadounig on its S.W. slope. 
 
 About half way down the valley 
 
471 
 
 nte. 2U.—M6LLTI1AL to GASTEIN, 472 
 
 the rd. passes through a gorge 
 called the 
 
 Seven Bridges, produced by tlie 
 closing in of the spurs of the 
 Kodna 1 ,, and the Storsic Vrh rt. 
 Beyond, a mass of porphyry comes 
 to light on both sides of the rd., 
 lying uj)on upper carboniferous 
 limestone (“ Gailthaler Kalk ”). 
 
 The vill. of 
 
 10 m. Kanker is passed, and the rd. 
 soon after turns sharply W. and 
 continues in that direction to 
 
 Hoflein, where it emerges from 
 a narrow outlet into the broad 
 level of the Savetlial, and crosses 
 it S. to 
 
 10in. Krainhurg (Inns: Post; 
 Mayer’s, close to the bridge, 
 both good). Ete. 243. 
 
 Time from Kappel to Krainburg from 
 7 to 8 brs., including i br.’s halt at Ober 
 Seeland. From Kanker to Krainburg 
 about 2 brs. 
 
 Rte. 244.-From LIENZ, in 
 the PTJSTERTHAL, or from 
 SACHSENBURG, in the UPPER 
 DRAUTHAL, to HEILIGEN- 
 BLUT and the GROSS GLOCK- 
 NER; and over the RAURISER 
 TAUERN to GASTEIN. 
 
 LIENZ to ENG. M. IIRS. 
 
 Winklern .... — 3 
 
 SACHSEN BURG to 
 Ober Vellach ... 15 
 
 Winklern .... 22 
 
 Heiligenblut ... 18 
 
 Worth. — 7 
 
 Gastein (by Kauris) . — 6 
 
 Gastein (by Bucheben). — 71 
 
 From Bucheben (by Gold -1 
 
 zecher Tauern) to/ — 12 
 
 Hblut.J 
 
 The scenery of the valley of 
 the Moll, on the south side of the 
 Gross Gloclmer, is surpassed in 
 grandeur by few spots in the 
 Alps. The direction of the valley 
 is very sinuous. After running 
 S. from the G. Glockner as far as 
 Winklern, it bends E., beyond 
 Stall it turns N.E., and, finally, 
 at Ober Villach makes another 
 abrupt turn S.E. The waterfalls 
 in the upper portion are striking 
 and numerous. The villages are 
 many and flourishing; but several 
 are the successors of older ones 
 that have been destroyed by the 
 masses of debris brought down by 
 torrents. The debris forms great 
 /a?is(Schutt-Kegel) which in some 
 instances stretch quite across the 
 valley level. Heiligenblut, near 
 the foot of tlie Gross Glockner may 
 well be called the Austrian Cha- 
 mouni; but its simple vill. inu, 
 though enlarged and improved, 
 has not yet been transformed into 
 an hotel, so that luxuries must 
 not be expected. 
 
473 
 
 hy HEILIGENBLUT. 
 
 474 
 
 Tlie Moll Thai may be entered 
 from the W, by way of Lienz in 
 Tyrol; or from the E. by way of 
 Sachsenburg, in the upper Drau 
 Thai, at the point where the 
 Moll falls into the Drau. 
 
 From Lienz (Ete. 223)—for tra¬ 
 vellers approaching/rom TF., from 
 Bruneckeii and Brixen—the path 
 runs E. 4 m. over the plain to 
 Dolsach, a small vill. at foot of 
 the Iselberg, a low, lateral ridge 
 (3755 ft.), the boundary between 
 Tyrol and Carinthia. Its summit 
 commands a magnificent View of 
 the Kreuzhofel group of Dolomites 
 on S. side of the Drave, the highest 
 of which, the Kreuzhofel, is 8978 
 ft. The path descends thence 
 into the valley of the Moll, and 
 reaches 
 
 It is possible to take a car from Lienz 
 to Winklern, but not advisable except for 
 luggage. 
 
 3 hrs. Winklern {Inn, VonAichen- 
 egg’s, a weal thy farmer; very good, 
 charges most moderate), built at 
 the angle of the valley where it 
 bends to E. It is beautifully 
 situated, and stands on a terrace 
 high up on the slopes of the Isel¬ 
 berg. 
 
 A car or horse may be hired here to 
 Heiligenblut, 18 m.; of late rd. im¬ 
 proved. 
 
 From Sachsenhurg (Ete. 223)— 
 for travellers approaching from 
 E., from Villach—there is a good 
 carriage-rd. as far as Winklern, 
 passing through the vill. of Moll- 
 brucken at the junction of the 
 IMoll with the Drave to 
 
 7 m. Kolbnitz, or Kolmitz, 'at the 
 foot of the Danielsherg, an iso¬ 
 lated hill, of tertiary conglome¬ 
 
 rate, standing in the middle of the 
 valley, with a small ch. upon its 
 summit. A Eoman temple dedi¬ 
 cated to Hercules once stood on 
 this site, converted in the 7th 
 centy. into a Christian Church. 
 
 Not far off, at Naplach, are iron 
 works. At 
 
 Penk are the ruins of Moll- 3 m. 
 theuer. Traces of the old Eoman 
 rd. leading by Malnitz, over the 
 Korn Tauern to Gastein and 
 Salzburg may be seen here. At 
 
 Stallhofen, in a chapel with a 3 m. 
 cupola roof attached to the ch., 
 are some good biblical frescoes, 
 done 1717, by Fromiller, the Ca- 
 rinthian artist. To N. of the vill. 
 are the ruins of the Schloss Oher^ 
 fallcenstein on a rock 300 ft. high. 
 Beyond is 
 
 Ober Vellach (Inns: Post, 2 m. 
 passable; Pacher, dear) a small 
 market-town, and the principal 
 place in the valley; pleasantly 
 situated. Probably of Eoman 
 origin, it was in the middle ages 
 the centre of the mining activity 
 of Carinthia, Styria, and Tyrol. 
 
 It reached the height of its pros¬ 
 perity in the i6th centy., when it 
 possessed in its vicinity 7 thriving 
 gold and silver mines. The 
 Schloss Prohuschgen shows the 
 remains of better days. In the 
 ch., a Holy Family on wood, by 
 Ignatius Schoreel. 5 hr. beyond 
 are the ruins of Groppenstein 
 with a tower 180 ft. high. 
 
 [On rt. a rd., very rough for 
 cars, runs N. 4 m., to Malnitz, the 
 meeting point of two Passes over 
 the main chain, the more western, 
 the Nassfelder Tauern (8038 ft.) 
 and the more eastern, the Korn Tau¬ 
 ern (8088). Both, however, meet 
 on N. side at Bockstein. From 
 
475 
 
 476 
 
 Bte. 24:4:.—MOLLTHAL to GASTEIN, 
 
 Malnitz to the summit in about 
 3 lirs„ and about the same time 
 for the descent to Bockstein (Kte. 
 
 20j). 
 
 At the foot of the Korn Tauern, 
 I hr, from Malnitz, is a tarn full 
 of trout and salblinn^ (Salmo alpi- 
 nus); and upon the alp slope 
 beyond may be seen here and 
 there traces of the old Koman 
 rd. — the so-called Heidenweg. 
 The mtns. around shelter abund¬ 
 ance of chamois.] 
 
 The valley now runs W. as 
 far as 
 
 6 m. Fragant, where an enormous 
 fan of de'bris occupies the whole 
 breadth of the valley. In i86i, 
 a lake nearly 2 m. long was 
 formed by its further extension. 
 In the lateral valley—above Inner 
 Fragant—are copper-mines, once 
 rich, now almost given up. At 
 
 8 m. Stall (Jnn, Easinger’s), the 
 vill. stands upon an avalanche of 
 earth, that has covered its pre¬ 
 decessor, Wildeck. 
 
 [The pedestrian may ascend 
 the slopes to N. by a track that 
 leads to a Thor between the Kol- 
 mitzen and Melen Kogel, and de¬ 
 scend by rt, side of the Melen 
 Bach to Mortschach. This track 
 cuts olf the great bend made by 
 the valley, but leaves out Wink- 
 lern.] 
 
 8 m. Winklern. See above. The 
 Emperor Franz Joseph and the 
 Empress stayed the night at 
 Von Aichenegg’s, on their- way 
 to Heiligenblut, in 1856. Above 
 Winklern the valley bears the 
 name of Grossldrcheim Thai. 
 
 Gm. Mortshach, This vill. is sur¬ 
 rounded by the abundant debris 
 
 brought down from N.E. by the 
 Astenbach. ] 
 
 Dollach {Inn, Oidner’s, good), 4 m. 
 Sagnitz, passed on rt. before 
 reaching Dollach, stands on a 
 broad ridge, strewn with stony 
 fragments, the result of a fall 
 from the Mohrenkopf. The Zirk- 
 nitz Bach falls in on rt. after- 
 passing through a long, curious 
 cleft called the “ Grotto.'' Above 
 this point the valley grows irar- 
 rower, and the view forwards is 
 limited. Beyond Putschall, and 
 after- crossing the Moll, the 
 
 Jungfernsprung is passed 1 . 3 | m. 
 
 It is a fall of the Staubbach order, 
 thrown over a serpeirtino preci- 
 pice of more than 400 ft. 
 
 Pockhorn, a pretty vill. with a lu. ^ 
 graceful spire among alders. A 
 little furtW the river forms a 
 considerable cascade by forcing 
 its way through a rock wall 
 that appears to close the valley. 
 
 There is on the asceirt a path 1 . 
 to a seat that affords a good view 
 of the Fall. When at the summit 
 the Glockner is iir full view, and 
 also 
 
 Heiligenblut Schober’s, 3 m. 
 
 comfortable, but very dear), 
 
 4247 ft. Stands orr a small ter¬ 
 race overlooking the rt. bank of 
 the Moll. It derives its name 
 from a phial of the “ holy Hood " 
 of our Saviour brought, according 
 to tradition, from Constantinople 
 in the time of the Emperor Leo 
 by Briccius, a Dane, who was on 
 his way to his native country to 
 
 * On i8tli Nov. 1864, this Inn was 
 burnt down, and the older “Glockner- 
 buch ” destroyed. The ch. also was 
 injured. The Vienna Alpine Club con¬ 
 tributed to repair the loss. 
 
477 
 
 hy HEILIGENBLUT. 
 
 478 
 
 convert the lieatlien, and met 
 with his death in a snow-storm 
 near Heiligenblut. Buried where 
 he was found, the little chapel 
 erected over his grave—about an 
 horn* above Hblut—remained for 
 many centuries the original and 
 only place of Christian worship 
 
 in the district. The present fine 
 Gothic ch. was built in 1443, and 
 shelters in a monstranz the sa¬ 
 cred phial ij inch long; and in 
 the crypt the tomb and a figure 
 of the saint. The walls of the 
 ch. contain representations of the 
 principal events of his life. 
 
 THE GROSS GLOCKNER AND HEILIGENBLUT. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 (a) General View of Valley .— 
 Ascend to Kirclihof, on a hill 
 behind, and higher than the Cal- 
 varienberg. The graceful, slender 
 form of the Glockner, named from 
 a fancied resemblance in its peak 
 to a bell (“ Gloclte ”), is well seen, 
 with the lower portion of the Pas- 
 terze glacier at its foot. 
 
 (&) Pasterze Glacier. — This 
 glacier stretches from its N.'VV. 
 border, at the foot of the llolie 
 Riffl, to its end, where the 
 Moll —above H-blut called the 
 Pasterze — takes its rise, a dis¬ 
 
 tance of more than m. It is 
 the largest and longest E. of the 
 Brenner, and the 9th in order 
 in the entire Alps. (The longest 
 in the Alps, the Aletsch, is 15 J 
 m. in length.) After passing a 
 hamlet, Winhl, the path leads by 
 the rt. side of the Moll, by the 
 ruins of Briccius’s Oapelle, oppo¬ 
 site to which is the Fall of the 
 Leiterbach, the finest in the 
 valley, and in 3J hrs. readies 
 the Bretthoden, named also after 
 the Empress, the Elisens-Bast. 
 From this point the Glockner 
 Kidge is seen foreshortened, and 
 the lowest portion of the glacier 
 
479 
 
 Bte. ^ii.—MOLLTHAL to GASTEIN, 
 
 480 
 
 lies below. The grandeur of the 
 scenery is more fully developed, 
 however, at the HoJie Sattel, 
 5 hi-, beyond, also, after the Em¬ 
 peror’s visit ealled the Franz- 
 Josefshohe. It is 8322 ft. above 
 the sea, and looks down upon 
 the middle and lower sections of 
 the glacier 5 00 ft. below, and the 
 grand ice-fall which links them 
 together. Across are the two 
 peaks of the Glockner, and in the 
 distance, rising beyond the upper 
 basin of the Pasterze, is the 
 snowy Johannisberg. 
 
 ^ hr. beyond, and opposite the 
 Glockner, is the Johann's Hiitte, 
 at the foot of the Fuscherkaarkopf, 
 erected in 1833 by the Archduke 
 John, and since frequently put 
 in repair. The brothers Schla- 
 gintweit occupied it for nearly 
 a month, in 1848, while making 
 observations upon the glacier 
 and other physical phenomena. 
 Behind it is the Gamsgruhe, a 
 part of the slope of the Fusch 
 Kaar, where may be gathered 
 Braya alpina, Sagina bryoides, 
 Potentilla frigida, Artemisia 
 glacialis, Swertia Carinthiaca, 
 Carex rupestris, &c. The neigh- 
 bourhoocl of H-blut is rich in 
 Alpine plants. The late Dr. 
 Hoppe of Eatisbon, for more 
 than 40 years in succession, made 
 this vill. his head-quarters for 
 botanic excursions. Interesting 
 mineral specimens may be gath¬ 
 ered in the moraines of the Pas¬ 
 terze. 
 
 (c) Ascent of the Glochner .— 
 Was first climbed in" July, 1800, 
 and by order of Cardinal Prince 
 Salm an iron cross and a baro¬ 
 meter were fixed upon the summit. 
 The barometer, with its strong 
 wooden case, disappeared only in 
 the winter of 1852-3. No other 
 attempt was made for more than 
 
 30 years. Since 1852 it has been 
 ascended nearly every year. A 
 record of these ascents, and of 
 the visits to and over the Pas¬ 
 terze, will be found in the 
 ‘ Gloclcnerbuch ’ preserved at the 
 inn. The ist vol.—destroyed by 
 fire Nov. 1864 — began with the 
 year 1818, terminated in 1856, 
 and contained many celebrated 
 names, such as those of Von Bucli, 
 De Beaumont, Prof. J. Forbes, 
 Agassiz, Studer, &c.. The 2nd 
 commences with the signatures 
 of the present Emperor and 
 Empress. 
 
 3 guides are usually considered .neces¬ 
 sary for each traveller, and 5 for a‘ party 
 of 2, though of late many have limited 
 themselves to 2 guides. The entire cost 
 for guides and provisions, from 30 to 
 35 fl. The usual implements, such as 
 alpenstocks, crampons, ropes, ice-axes, 
 and veils or dark glasses, should be pro¬ 
 vided. Time required, from 20 to 24 
 hrs., varying according to the weather 
 and state of the ice. 
 
 The usual course is to start in 
 the afternoon, follow the Moll as 
 far as Winkl, opposite the Goss- 
 nitz Waterfall, cross that stream, 
 and ascend the slopes of the 
 Kroeherberg, on W. side of the 
 valley. After passing the cha¬ 
 lets “ am Trog,” the Leiter, 
 an affluent of the Moll, is 
 crossed, and the Katzensteig (cat’s 
 path), on the Leiterberg, is 
 entered upon. This is a steep 
 slope, scattered over with loose 
 fragments of sliding slate, on the 
 verge of a precipice, at whose 
 base, varying between 60 and 
 240 ft. below, rushes the Leiter- 
 bach. Its difficulties have been 
 exaggerated. The hut of the 
 Sennerinn at the Leiterbach— 
 the resting-place for the night— 
 is reached in from 2^ to 3 hrs. 
 from H-blut. The Ochsenhutte, 
 about 500 ft. higher up, on 
 
481 
 
 the other side of the stream, is 
 often used for the same purpose; 
 but the lower hut is said to be 
 more commodious. The start in 
 the morning should bo made 
 early —between midnight and 
 I A.M. —to allow of the snow 
 being crossed before it is atfected 
 by the sun’s rays. 
 
 The ist stage takes the tra¬ 
 veller, in from i§ to 2 hrs., to the 
 foot of the Letter Kees (glacier), 
 to a spot called after the Cardinal 
 Prince Salm, the Salmshohe 
 (8791 ft.). Here he erected a 
 stone hut, but it has long been in 
 ruins. From this point the 
 glacier is ascended to its upper 
 end, where crampons are re¬ 
 quired for the further steep slope 
 to the Hohenwartscliarte (10,428 
 ft.) a notch in the ridge between 
 the Kellerberg, rt., and the Holien- 
 waHslwj)/, 1 . Time, hr. Here 
 another hut for shelter was built 
 by the cardinal, and named after 
 his vicar-general, Hohenwart ,* 
 but this is also in ruins. In f hr. 
 from this point—over snow—the 
 Adlersruhe^ (Eagle’s-rest), 11,337 
 ft., is reached. A third stone 
 cabin was erected here by the 
 Cardinal; and though now with¬ 
 out roof, it is useful as a shelter 
 from the wind, and generally 
 serves as the half-way house, 
 where refreshment is taken be¬ 
 fore commencing the ascent of 
 the lower or 2nd peak of the 
 Glockner. The route now takes 
 a N.W. direction, keeping on the 
 E. side of the arete to the berg- 
 schrund at the foot of the 2nd 
 peak. The more laborious por¬ 
 tion of the day’s work now begins. 
 The slope of this peak, as of the 
 higher one also, is often at an 
 angle of nearly 60°, and re¬ 
 quires from 200 to 300 steps to 
 be cut. Its summit, affording 
 ivp. Tyr. & Alps. 
 
 482 
 
 standing-room for 12 persons, 
 may be attained in hr. from 
 the Adlersruhe. The principal 
 peak stands W. of the other, and 
 is about 60 ft. higher, or 12,454 ft. 
 above the sea. The Scharte, or 
 notch separating the 2 peaks, is 
 a nai-row ridge less than a foot 
 broad, and from 60 to 100 ft. 
 long. It consists partly of ice : 
 to pass it requires perfect freedom 
 from giddiness 
 
 View. To N. the Dachstein, 
 Tannengebirge, Ewige Schnee, 
 Watzmann, and other peaks of 
 the N. limestone zone, as far W. 
 as the Solstein, near Innsbruck, 
 and the Zugspitze at Lermoos, 
 with the Bavarian Plain and the 
 Bohmerwald beyond. E. and W. 
 the little Carpathians, the other 
 peaks of the Noric Alps, and the 
 CEtzthaler, Orteler, and Adamello 
 Gebirge, the Bernina group, and 
 Mt. Baldo, near Verona. S., the 
 Karawankas and its highest 
 peak, the Grintouz; the Terglou 
 and other Julian Alps, Carnic 
 Alps, and the whole dolomite 
 region as far W. as the Schlern, 
 near _Botzen,_ with the Marmolata 
 and its glaciers j^rominent in the 
 centre of the series. It is said 
 that at times the Adriatic is 
 visible. 
 
 Descent about i hr. to the 
 Adlersruhe and 45 min. thence to 
 the Salmshohe; i hr. further 
 perhaj^s^ to the Sennerinn; and 
 thence, in about 3 hrs. to Heili- 
 genblut. 
 
 The passage between the 2 
 peaks varies much according to 
 the character of the weather and 
 season. In 1861—so favourable 
 for ascents—the higher peak was 
 free from snow; and the descent 
 from the lesser peak to the 
 Scharte was also free, and quite 
 easy, down great steps of chlorite 
 
 R 
 
 hy HEILTGENBLVT. 
 
i! 
 
 483 hte. m.~MOLLTHAL to GASTEIN, 484 
 
 schist, of which rock the Glockner 
 consists. The bridge, however, 
 was much lower than usual, ren¬ 
 dering the ascent of the principal 
 peak more difficult. Tire tempe¬ 
 rature on the summit—without 
 wind—was 38° Fahr. 
 
 {d) Ascent of the Johannisherg, 
 11,580 ft .—This is a snow-peak 
 standing at the N.W. side of the 
 rim of the cirque enclosing the 
 upper snow fields that feed the 
 Pasterze. It is a glacier expe¬ 
 dition of the first order, and 
 aflbrds a near view of most of 
 the phenomena of the ice-world. 
 The Johannshiitte may be made 
 night-quarters; and thence, as¬ 
 cending the glacier, and passing 
 by the W. side of the Klein 
 Burgstall, it takes 6 hrs. to the 
 summit, and about 3 more back 
 to the point of starting, 
 
 (e) Ascent of the Stanziwurdi, 
 8872 ft. — This can be easily 
 effected in 4 hrs. from Dollach, 
 
 8 m. below H-blut. The view of 
 the whole valley, as well as of 
 the snow-peaks which shut it in, 
 including those of the Schoher 
 group opposite, is very extra¬ 
 ordinary. The Johannisherg espe¬ 
 cially shows itself to great advan¬ 
 tage. Warmly recommended by 
 Von Sonklar. 
 
 (/) Visit to the Ruins of the 
 Gold-mine on the Klohen .—These 
 consist of the remains of a 
 miner’s house (Knappenstube), 
 two adits, and a heap of refuse 
 ore, with bones and fragments 
 of clothing, and lie close under 
 the S. side of the ridge, uniting 
 the Klohen with the Spilhnann on 
 the W. The mine (95 80 ft.) is the 
 highest that has been worked 
 in the German Alps, and, after 
 those on Monte Rosa, is the 
 highest in Europe. The melting 
 of the glacier in 1857 and 1859 
 
 laid the remains bare for the 
 first time. Date of abandonment 
 unknown. 
 
 The passage from H-blut to 
 Bad Gastein is usually made by 
 the Bauriser Tauern. 
 
 A guide is necessary; as far as Bu- 
 cheben, 4 fi., and thence to Bad Gastein, 
 
 3 to 4 fl. more and provisions. 
 
 The ascent commences imme¬ 
 diately behind H-blut, and at 
 the Mariahilf Chapel, IJ hr., 
 the route enters the upper part 
 of the Tauernthal and becomes j 
 steeper. All vegetation here 
 ceases, and in front nothing is 
 seen but a vast expanse of wild 
 desolation and fields of snow. 
 Looking back is a grand view of 
 the Gross Glockner and its gla¬ 
 ciers, and down over the Mollthal. 
 
 At the 
 
 Sauerbrunn is a spring of | hr. j 
 delicious water. Next the 
 
 Hochthor, or summit of theljhr 
 pass ( 8 46 4 ft.), marked by a wooden 
 cross, is reached. Scene wild and 
 imposin g; the light grey wall of the j 
 TJbergossene Alp (Ewige Schnee) 
 seen in the distance N. Descent 
 steep, keeping near the stream, over 
 snow and loose slate, the shattered | 
 
 fragments of the Brennkogel 1 
 
 (9895 ft.), which is in view on 1. 
 Snow-poles mark the route. 
 
 [I hr. below the summit, after 
 the first steep descent, a path 
 diverges 1., which leads into the 
 Fuschthal. It winds round the 
 base of the Brennkogel, passes 
 the Mitterthorl, and after a trouble¬ 
 some walk of 2^ hrs. from the 
 Hochthor, reaches the Fuscher- 
 thorl (7923 ft.). Here the whole 
 
485 
 
 hij HEILIGENBLVT. 
 
 486 
 
 of the Fiischtlial bursts upon the 
 view. Nearly opposite is the 
 snowy pyramid of the Gross 
 Wieshaclthorn (11,737 ft.), con¬ 
 nected by a series of snow peaks 
 and an amphitheatre of glaciers, 
 closing the head of the valley, 
 with the Gross Glockner, whose 
 slender obelisk comes into view 
 from behind the Sinnibellech 
 (10,731 ft.), a little way down the 
 Fuseli side of the Thorl. The 
 square-cornered, flattened pyra¬ 
 mid, bare of snow, that stands 
 out to the front overlooking the 
 Fusch valley, is flie Hohe Doch 
 (10,708 ft.). The highest branch 
 of the Fuschthal, which turns 
 W., is called the Kciferthal, the 
 scenery of which is extremely 
 fine. A long but easy descent 
 leads by Petersbrunnen to Fer- 
 leiten (Inn or Tauernhaus) in 
 about 3 hrs., and to the baths of 
 St. Wolfgang in hr. further, 
 taking a shorter path by the E. 
 side of the stream at a looint a 
 little below Ferleiten. Thence 
 to Bruch, in the main valley of 
 the Salzach, is 2^ hrs. (Ete. 230). 
 
 In reverse order, it is 4 hrs. 
 good walking from Ferleiten to 
 the Fusclithor, and 2 hrs. from 
 Fetersbrunnen.] 
 
 [^Another and more direct route 
 from H-blut into the Fuschthal is 
 by the Pfandelscliarte (8816 ft.) 1. 
 As there is a glacier at the col 
 and the crevasses var3q fine wea¬ 
 ther and a guide are desirable. 
 The path strikes upwards to rt. 
 from the Wallner Iliitte, above 
 the foot of the Pasterze. As¬ 
 cent steep. It takes 4^ hrs. 
 to reach the glacier from H-blut, 
 1 hr. to cross it, and about 4^ 
 more to reach the baths of St. 
 Wolfgang. The descent into the 
 Fuschthal, over debris and alp. 
 
 is also steep, and continues on 
 rt. of stream from the glacier 
 to the Traunerhiitte, comfortable 
 chalet quarters, where milk and 
 cheese may be had. Thence in 
 15 hr. to the Tauernhaus, or Fer¬ 
 leiten, and Irj more to St. Wolf¬ 
 gang. The views of the Glockner 
 and Pasterze on the ascent, and 
 of the Kaferthal and the Wies- 
 bachhorn on the descent, are 
 magnificent. In the distance to 
 the N. are seen the Zeller See, 
 the Ilundstod, and Watzmann. 
 
 For the traveller who is not 
 bound to the Pinzgau, the Fusch¬ 
 thal is still well worth a visit; 
 and an interesting excursion of 
 2 days may be made from H-blut 
 by crossing the Pfandelscliarte 
 to Ferleiten the first day, and 
 returning the next over the 
 Fusclithor and Hochthor.] 
 
 The Tauernhaus is reached, 2 hrs. 
 after turning a corner. It will 
 supply bread, cofiee, and sour 
 wine, and stands at the upper 
 limit of the forest zone. Beyond 
 is the 
 
 Spitzbacli, forming a beautiful I hr. 
 cascade. The valley the traveller 
 is descending—the Seidlwinhl —• 
 is solitary and monotonous, and 
 clothed in forest. After becom¬ 
 ing narrow, it opens at last into 
 the main Eauristhal, at 
 
 Worth, or Vorstand. This 21 hrs. 
 vill. stands at the junction of the 
 2 branches of the main valley of 
 the Eauristhal, the Seidlwinkl, 
 and the Hiittwhikel. At a time 
 when an active commerce was 
 carried on by means of pack- 
 horses over the Hochthor, it was 
 much more lively than now. 
 
 R 2 
 
488 
 
 487 Me. 24:4:.~-3lbLLTHAL to GASTEIN. 
 
 Here a choice among 3 routes, 
 over the ridge separating the 
 Eam’isthal from the Gasteinthal, 
 offers itself. 
 
 (a) 1 ]i. Kauris {Inn: beimBrauer, 
 one of the best in the neighbour¬ 
 hood), a vill. showing signs of 
 past prosperity, derived from the 
 mines worked at the head of 
 the Hiittwinkel. The innkeeper 
 shows a large dish of majolica, 
 and 2 smaller ones date 1542. 
 From hence there is a pass into 
 the Gasteinthal, over the Lug- 
 gauerscharte (6690 ft,), in 5 hrs., 
 down to a point half-way between 
 the Dorf and Hof Gastein. 
 
 (h) Select the path that leads 
 E. of Worth over the Zuhwegalpe 
 and Pfandlscharte, and, winding 
 along the side of a spur of the 
 Tiirchelwand immediately above 
 Hof Gastein, descends into the 
 valley nearly at that vill. 
 
 (c) Ascend the Hiittwinkel by 
 a stony and dirty path to 
 
 1 hr. Buchehen {Inn: Moser’s), pret¬ 
 tily situated on a projecting spur 
 overlooking the valley. Fine 
 view beyond from near the ch. 
 of the snowy plateau of the 
 Scharreclc (10,453 ft.) and of 
 the Alteiikofjl or Tramerkopf 
 (9643 ft.) to its rt. The Bass 
 of the so-called Goldberg (9069 
 ft.), leading down to Fragant in 
 the Mdllthal, lies between them. 
 From this vill. the ascent leads 
 E. through forest to the ridge 
 
 3 hrs. Auf der Stanz (6920 ft,), no 
 guide needed; thence the path 
 leads down the Angerthal on the 
 other side, opening into the main 
 valley between Hof and Wildbad, 
 and so on to 
 
 Wilbad Gastein. 4 
 
 Boute by the Goldzecher Tauern 
 into the MuUthal. 
 
 An interesting route over this 
 pass into the Mdllthal below 
 H-blut maybe made by ascending 
 the Hiittwinkel above Bucheben. 
 In 3 hrs. Kolm Saigurn, or Im 
 Kolben (5277 ft.) is reached. 
 Good quarters are to be found 
 at the mining superintendent’s 
 house, and good guides for the 
 ascent of the Ilohen-arr (not Ho- 
 hen-Narr) 10,690 ft., the highest 
 peak of the Goldberg group. The 
 ascent from the glacier to the 
 arete is difficult, and steigoisen 
 and ropes are necessary. Tune 
 liom Kolm Saigmm from 6 to 8 
 hrs. Tlie View extends from the 
 Terglou E. to the Orteler Spitze 
 W.; while the Marinolata is 
 visible S., the Daclistein N.E., 
 and the Watzmann N. The view 
 of the Grossglockner and its 
 neighbourhood is magnificent. 
 
 The so-called “ Centralgneiss,” 
 forming the axis of this part of 
 the main chain, is here filled with 
 quartz veins, containing gold, 
 which have been worked from 
 the earliest period and have given 
 the name to this group of mtns. 
 The mines on this route are on 
 the Carinthian side and immedi¬ 
 ately under the pass. They are 
 surrounded by glacier, and have 
 been for some years abandoned. 
 The highest {Christophstollen) is 
 9367 ft. above the sea, the third 
 highest in Europe. 
 
 The pass lies between the Ilo¬ 
 hen-arr, rt,, and Sonnenblich or 
 Goldzechhorndl, 1 ., and thence 
 down by the Zirmer See into 
 the Klein Fleissihal, and thence 
 1 to Pockhorn, at its lower end. 
 
 h-i'- 
 
489 Bte. 2 ^ 5 .—VIENNA io BRJJCK, hy MARIAZELL. 490 
 
 where it opens into the Mollthal. 
 9 hrs. from Kolm Saigurn to 
 H-blut. 
 
 Three other Fusses lead from Im 
 Kolben into the Mollthal. 
 
 The track ascends first by the 
 Neuhau and along the E. border 
 of a glacier in 2 hrs. to the former 
 Bergliaus (7310 ft.), which is now 
 used as a sort of Tauernhaus, 
 where night-quarters maj'^ be had, 
 and -perhaps provisions. 
 
 From this point,—the First Pass 
 is that over the Goldberg or Fra- 
 ganter Tauern (9069 ft.), between 
 the Herzog Ernst (9697 ft.) and 
 the Klein Zirknitzscharte, the 
 pass next described. Time, I5 
 hr. from the Bergliaus to the col; 
 then down over the compara¬ 
 tively uncrevassed W'urtenhees, 
 . and past several tarns into the 
 'Wurtenthal, and so to Fragant. 
 8 hrs. altogether. 
 
 With this pass may bo united 
 the ascent of the Scharreelc (10,45 3 
 ft.), a peak further E. than the 
 Herzog Ernst. It may be climbed 
 without particular difficulty in 
 3 hrs. after leaving the Tauern 
 track. 
 
 The Second is' that over the 
 Klein Zirknitzscharte (8854 ft.), 
 t]ie usual track from Gastein to 
 H-blut—in 12 hrs. From the 
 Berghaus it lies a little to W. of 
 the first pass, and E. of the 
 Tramerkopf or Altcnkogl (9643 
 ft.). Then, instead of descending 
 to the Wurtenkees, turn rt. or 
 S.W. along the E. slope of the 
 Altenkogl to the Klein Zirknitz- 
 kees, and keep on its W. border 
 down to the Gross See (7992 ft.). 
 The Kagele See, where the pas¬ 
 tures commence, follows; and 
 then to Ddllach in 7 hrs. from the 
 Berghaus. 
 
 The Third, over the Tramers- 
 charte or Windischschartl (8929 
 ft.), shorter than the second, but 
 not passable every summer. From 
 the Berghaus the track coasts 
 along the icefall of the Gold- 
 bergkees, and then ascends to 
 the col W. of the Tramerkopf. 
 Descent by the Gross* Zirknitz- 
 kees. 
 
 From this point 2 routes :— 
 One, straight down the Gross 
 Zirknitztlial to Ddllach. 
 
 The other coasts along and 
 across the glacier on the S. slopes 
 of the E. and W. Tramerkdpfe, 
 and thence ascends gradually to 
 a col in the ridge running S.W. 
 from the Goldberg Spitz (10,064 
 ft.). Descent to thn Klein Fleiss- 
 kees. Thence to Pockhorn and 
 H-blnt. 
 
 Ete. 245.-VIENNA, partly 
 by Ely., to MAEIAZELL and 
 BKUCK, on the Mur. 
 
 VIENNA (by rly.) to _ _ eng. m. 
 
 Miirzzuscblag, quick train in 1 g 
 
 3 hrs. 20 min.f 
 
 Miirzsteg. 15 
 
 Mariazell. 22 
 
 Bruck. 40 
 
 160 
 
 Since the opening of the Vienna and 
 Trieste Rly. the iron rd. is the usual 
 route taken by a traveller bound for 
 Mariazell. The scenery of the Semme- 
 riug is thus combined with that of the 
 
491 Ete, 24 : 5 .—VIENNA to BEUCK, hy MAEIAZELL. 
 
 492 
 
 rest of the route. From MUrzzuschlag 
 to ]\IUrzsteg, in 2 hrs., 6 fl. for 2 horses; 
 to Mariazell, in 6 hrs., 2o fl. Between 
 Mariazell and Bruck a mail-car travels in 
 9^ hrs.; a seat can be engaged in it for 
 4 fl. Roads good, except between Maria¬ 
 zell and Bruck, but very hilly. 
 
 This route affords access to 
 some of the wildest and most 
 romantic scenery in Upper Styria. 
 
 For the route as far as Miirzzu- 
 schlag, see Ete. 247. 
 
 Murzzuschlag (Inns: Bahnhof 
 Eestauration : Brauhaus), a vill. 
 prettily situated on the Miirz, at 
 the S. base of the Semmering. 
 A good rd. ascends the wooded 
 Ddbremilial N., and past several 
 ironworks, to 
 
 5 m. Kapellen. 
 
 [Here a road comes in from 
 N.W. that leads over a low col 
 and down the Preinthal to Bayer- 
 bacli, a stat. on the N. side of 
 the Semmering rly.] 
 
 3 m. Neuherg (Inn: Weissapfel, 
 good). The ch., date 1471, con¬ 
 nected with a Cistercian monas¬ 
 tery, is of fine proportions, and 
 the crypt below is worth seeing. 
 The cloisters, still in good con¬ 
 dition, contain portraits of all 
 the abbots. The monastery was 
 closed by the Emperor Joseph 
 IT. in 1782. 
 
 The valley grows narrower 
 and the scenery improves. Large 
 Government ironworks are passed. 
 
 h m. The Track, partly over dehris, 
 for the ascent of the Sclinee Alp 
 and of its highest peak the Wind 
 Berg (^787 Ft.), which overlooks 
 the valley N., turns off on rt. 
 Time 5 hr. 
 
 m. Krampen. Here more Govern-, 
 
 ment ironworks, with large stores 
 of timber for charcoal, are passed. 
 
 Murzsteg (Inn: Post or Adler), 5 
 Between the Wind Berg on N. 
 and the Hblie Veitsch S. The rd. 
 now leaves the Miirz, which 
 comes down a valley on rt., and 
 continues ascending W. to the 
 summit of the pass. 
 
 Niederalpl (3950 ft.). Fine? 
 view of the Ilochsclumh (7741 
 ft.) in front; looking back is the 
 Sclmee Alp and Wind Berg. 
 
 [From Miirzsteg a good path¬ 
 way to Mariazell, offering better 
 scenery than the carriage rd., 
 may be taken by the pedestrian up 
 the wild and narrow valley of the 
 Miirz N. After 1 ^ hrs. walking, 
 the valley becomes so narrow 
 that the rd. is, in places, taken 
 over planks supported by iron 
 stanchions. At the Todte Weibl 
 a stream rushes out of a cavern 
 in the rock overhead to fall into 
 the Miirz below. 
 
 A car may be taken to the mouth of 
 the Todte Weibl glen, and, after seeing 
 it, the traveller can return to go by the 
 usual carriage route to Mariazell. 
 
 In 20 min. from the Todte 
 Weibl, In der Freien is reached, a 
 vill. of a dozen houses in a small 
 valley-basin, possessing an inn of 
 10 beds in 2 rooms, used by the 
 pilgrims to Mariazell. 
 
 From this vill. 2 routes to 
 IMariazell present themselves. 
 The one ascends the car.-rd. W. 
 10 m., where it falls into the 
 main rd. between Mariazell and 
 Bruck, and on to Mariazell it¬ 
 self in 6 hrs. 
 
 The other takes a path that 
 strikes off to rt. from the rd. just 
 mentioned, at a sign-post ^ hr. 
 from the vill., and reaches in f 
 hr., close by a 2nd representation 
 
493 Bte, VIENNA to BBUCK, hy 3 IABIAZELL. 494 
 
 of St. George, the Freynsattel. 
 To the h is the StudentJwgl, and 
 in the distance, N.W., the bare 
 peak of the Oetscher (6319 ft.) 
 The descent is directly down; 
 and after 20 m., and below a 3rd 
 St. George fixed to a tree, the 
 path divides. Take the 1 ., which 
 leads jiast a charcoal-burner’s, in 
 5 hr. to the Salza. Cross the 
 stream to gain the road on the 
 N. side, and descend the valley. 
 After a steep ascent, from the 
 summit of which the Diirrenstein 
 and HocJiscliwah and towers of 
 Mariazell are seen, Mariazell is 
 reached in 2 hr. from the passage 
 of the stream. 
 
 A guide for this route is hardly 
 necessary, as the way, once en¬ 
 tered upon, is clear. The Freyn¬ 
 sattel, however, is not advisable 
 after rainy weather, as the ground 
 is in many places slippery from 
 mud.] 
 
 Gm. Wegscheid, a vill. in the 
 main rd., where vorspanner are 
 in readiness for the ascent 
 
 either of the Niederalpl or See- 
 berg. The rd. crosses the Asch- 
 bach 3 times, and where it falls 
 into the Salza are the 
 
 6 m. Imperial Iron-Works and Can¬ 
 non-Foundry, in a beautiful situa¬ 
 tion, erectecl in 1740 ; the largest 
 of the kind in Austria {Inn: very 
 good; in the evening officials from 
 the works are to be met with). The 
 place for testing the cannon is 
 I hr. from the works, and the 
 trial usually takes place towards 
 evening. 
 
 It would bo better to make this Irn 
 bead-quarters for excursions, rather tlian 
 Mariazell, where the influx of pilgrims 
 might interfere with the comfort of the 
 traveller. 
 
 The road now descends t|ic 
 
 Salza valley (here called the 
 Hallthal), and near the point 
 where it leaves that stream on rt. 
 stands upon a rock the old 
 
 St. Sigmund’s Chapel, originally 
 built as a fortress to protect Maria¬ 
 zell from the Turks. Destroyed 
 by the Hungarians under Mat¬ 
 thias Corvinus. 
 
 Maria Zell (2744 ft. Inns:^111. 
 Post; Lowe, not dear; Mayer's ; 
 Greif; Goldner Krone), in a 
 picturesque position in a valley- 
 basin surrounded by wooded 
 mtns. of various form. It is the 
 most important place of pilgrim¬ 
 age in Austria, and attracts an¬ 
 nually 100,000 pilgrims. Though 
 consisting mainly of inns, yet at 
 the period when the great pro¬ 
 cessions arrive—upwards of 70 
 between IMay and September; 
 that from Vienna on 1 st July, 
 and that from Gi atz on 14 th Aug. 
 
 •—all the rooms in the better inns 
 are bespoken for the entire week. 
 
 Has been almost entirely rebuilt 
 since the last fire in 1827. 
 
 The church is the centre of at¬ 
 traction: one of the handsomest 
 in Styfia. Its Gothic central 
 tower (269 ft. high) and the por¬ 
 tion between it and the W. end 
 are alone ancient, dating from 
 the original construction in 1363, 
 when Lewis, ist King of Hun¬ 
 gary, built it after a victory over 
 the Turks. The rest of the build¬ 
 ing is in the Italian style. In 
 the central nave is the richly- 
 ornamented Shrine of the Madon¬ 
 na, containing the holy wonder¬ 
 working image, said to be 700 
 years old, of lime-tree Wood, 
 painted black, 18 in. high, seated 
 in a chair, holding the infant 
 Saviour, clothed in the costliest 
 stuffs and glittering with jewels. 
 
495 Bte. 2 ^^.—VIENNA to BBUGK, hy 3 IABIAZELL. 496 
 
 12 silver columns adorn the 
 shrine, and the railing in front, 
 also of silver, was presented by 
 theEmp. Leopold and enlarged hy 
 Maria Theresa. The stone chapel 
 enclosing the shrine was built in 
 substitution of the wooden Cell 
 {Zelle), originally the sole protec¬ 
 tion of the image, in the latter part 
 of the 12th centy.,by the Margrave 
 Henry of Moravia. The shrine is 
 surrounded by a constant crowd 
 of worshippers. The pulpit is of 
 red j)orphyry. The high altar 
 possesses an ebon cross; the 2 
 first Persons in the Trinity of 
 life-size in silver ; and below the 
 cross a silver ball, 6 in. diameter, 
 representing the world and en¬ 
 circled by a serpent; all a present 
 from the Emp. Charles VI- The 
 icalls of the ch. are covered with 
 votive offerings. The treasury 
 is full of gifts, the offerings 
 of pilgrims for many centuries. 
 Amongst them are a topaz, given 
 by Joseph II.; a diamond cross, 
 by Maria Theresa; Zach Werner’s 
 golden pen; old missals, silver 
 altars, &c. The portal is fine, 
 with representations of the his¬ 
 tory of the foundation of the ch.; 
 in its centre an ancient marble 
 bas-relief of the Crucifixion. An 
 extensive trade in provisions, and 
 in relics and rosaries, is carried on 
 in numerous booths that surround 
 the ch. in a semicircle. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 a. The Calvarienberg has a 
 good view; but a better and 
 wider one can be obtained from 
 the Burgeralpl (4131 ft.), N., 
 reached in i hr. 
 
 1 ). llolzaufzug (Wood-elevator), 
 2 m. from Maria Zell, by which 
 timber is raised in waggons to 
 the summit of a ridge, to be 
 
 thence thrown into a stream which 
 carries it down to the Danube. 
 
 c. Erlafsee, 3 m. N.W. of Maria 
 Zell, approached through the 
 Grilnau, where is a waterfall. 
 There is an Inn (not bad) by the 
 lake, and a canoe. 
 
 d. Ascent of the Oetscher (6319 
 ft.). By way of Mitterbach, a 
 vill. 3 m. N. of Maria Zell. 
 Thence 2| hrs. to Hagerbauer, 
 where stands the abandoned Ch. 
 of St. John in the Desert; in 3 
 hrs. further, over hilly ground, to 
 Kollmer or Spillhichler, the last 
 cottage at the S. base of the mtu. 
 Here night-quarters may be had. 
 From this point i hr.’s climb 
 gains the Biffel, a saddle be¬ 
 tween the Klein and Gross Oet¬ 
 scher, and in J hr. rt. is the 
 Ochsenhiitte, where a shelter 
 for the night on straw, but no¬ 
 thing further, is to be met with. 
 The summit is reached in 2 hrs. 
 from this point. 
 
 As the summit rises clear and 
 wide of its neighbours, a great 
 number of distant points are 
 visible, and nearly the whole 
 duchy of Austria is below to N. 
 Like the Untersberg, near Salz¬ 
 burg, it is famous for its clefts 
 and caverns (Goldloch and Wind- 
 loch the most important), invisible 
 lakes, and legends of good and 
 evil spirits. The flora is a rich 
 one. 
 
 e. Ascent of the Goiter (5777 
 ft.) 12 m. E. by N. of Maria Zell, 
 on the rd. to St. Egydi, following 
 the Salza nearly to its source. 
 Its summit is said to offer an ex¬ 
 traordinarily extended panorama, 
 in some points superior to that 
 from the Schneeberg, near the 
 Semmering Ply. 
 
 /. Lassing Waterfall. The high¬ 
 est in Lower Austria; scenery 
 beautiful and flowers numerous; 
 
497 Bte. 2 ^ 5 .—VIENNA to BBUCK, hy MAEIAZELL. 498 
 
 readied througli Mitterbadi, N. 
 of Maria Zell. The route follows 
 the main rd. N. over the Josephs- 
 herg (3136 ft.), from ■which a line 
 vieW of the Hochschwab and 
 Oetscher, to the hamlet Wiener- 
 hruclte. A signpost near the inn 
 points out the way to the Fall, 
 reached in | hr. There are, how¬ 
 ever, 2 paths, wdiich diverge after 
 crossing the bridge over the Las- 
 sing : the old Avay to rt. is recom¬ 
 mended to be taken in going, and 
 the new way in returning. The 
 Fall is in 3 stages : total height, 
 412 ft. For 2 florins the sluice- 
 master will cause the sluices to 
 be raised to swell the fall! 
 
 ^At Mitterbadi is the boundary 
 between Styria and Lower Aus¬ 
 tria {Oesterreich unter der Enns). 
 The main rd. N.E. from Maria 
 Zell passes through it and over 
 a series of steep hills, through 
 Tyrnitz {Lin: Post); Lilienfeld, 
 near which is a Cistercian abbey, 
 the wealtliiest and oldest in Aus¬ 
 tria, founded in 1202, with a fine 
 Gothic ch., mostly of that date; 
 several interesting monuments, 
 library, old pictures, natural his¬ 
 tory collection, and fine garden 
 with noble view N., and a collec¬ 
 tion of alpine plants; Marldel; 
 Wilhelmsberg; to St. Polten, a stat. 
 on the Vienna and Salzburg rly., 
 52 m. Ete. 195.] 
 
 [From Maria Zell, following 
 the Salza S.W. below the Govern¬ 
 ment cannon-foundry, a rd. leads 
 through Weichsdboden, Eeifling, 
 Hieflaii, and thence either to 
 Admont or Eisenerz (Etes 246, 
 241, and 242).] 
 
 The route from Maria Zell to 
 Brack retraces the rd. as far as 
 
 (Vorspann here for the Seebcrg.) 
 
 Wegscheid, and a little dis- 9 m. 
 tance beyond it turns to rt. to 
 ascend the W. branch of the 
 Aschbachthal. After passing the 
 GoUrad ironworks, whence the 
 ore for the cannon-foundry is ob¬ 
 tained, 
 
 Brandhof (3662 ft.), once a 5 m. 
 Farin cottage of the Archduke 
 John—now of his son, the Count 
 of Meran—is reached. Permis¬ 
 sion to visit it need not note he 
 obtained at the cannon-foundry. 
 Finished by the Archduke in 
 1828, it consists of a ground- 
 floor of two wings with an 
 octagon chapel in the centre. 
 Behind rises the Aflenzer Starriz, 
 a peak of the plateau of the Hoch¬ 
 schwab. 
 
 The chapel contains a taber¬ 
 nacle for the Host {Sacraments- 
 hduslein), beautifully carved out 
 of cedar-wood from the Lebanon; 
 oratories in carved oak to rt. and 
 1. of the entrance with two pic¬ 
 tures above them by Schnorr; 
 an altar of grey marble, under¬ 
 neath wdiich is the crypt the 
 Archduke built for himself. He 
 has temporarily, however, been 
 interred at Gratz, but is destined 
 eventually to rest in Schloss 
 Tirol, near Meran. 
 
 The hall, in Gothic style, has 
 windows of painted glass and 
 statues of Ferdinand of Tirol, 
 Charles II. of Styria, the Em¬ 
 perors Maximilian I. and Francis 
 I., and Maria Theresa. 
 
 The Hunting Chamber (Jiiger- 
 zimmer) has windows of painted 
 glass representing scones of Al¬ 
 pine life and portraits of the 
 Emperors Maximilian I. and 
 Francis I., the Archduke himself, 
 and of Hofer. Below the last is 
 placed Hofer s own rifle. The 
 furniture in the private rooms is 
 
499 
 
 Hie. 2iG.—3IARIAZELL to EISENERZ. 
 
 500 
 
 of Siberian pine {Pmus cemhra). 
 In tlie Garden is a fine collection 
 of Alpine plants. There is a 
 magnificent pair of horns with 
 32 tines. 
 
 The steeper portion of the 
 ascent of the Seeberg (4098 ft.) 
 now commences. From the sum¬ 
 mit is a fine view down a pictu¬ 
 resque and most charming valley 
 shut in by rocky masses. At the 
 S. foot of the Seeberg is 
 
 2|m. Seewiesen {Inn: Post, de¬ 
 cent, not dear), beautifully situ¬ 
 ated at the foot of the Aflenzer 
 Starritz. 
 
 [A very interesting route may 
 be taken from Seewiesen to 
 WeicliseTboden (Ete. 246), on the 
 N. side of the plateau of the 
 IlocJischwah. In 2 hrs. a chalet 
 for nightquarters is reached and 
 thence the summit of the Hocli- 
 schwab (7441 ft.) gained in 4 hrs. 
 From the peak to Weichselbodeu 
 is 4 hrs. more. The magnificence 
 and wildness of the Styrian 
 mountains is well displayed in 
 the ravines of the Hochschwab. 
 A guide and provisions can be 
 obtained at the Inn.] 
 
 highwaymen who infested the 
 road at that period. Beyond, the 
 road crosses the river Miirz, and 
 enters the Vienna and Gratz 
 high-road at 
 
 Kapfenberg, a Stat. on the 11 
 Vienna and Gratz Ely. 
 
 Brack on the Mur, Stat. on 24 
 same Ely. (Ete. 247). 
 
 Rte. 246.—■ MARIAZELL to 
 EISENERZ, by WILDALPEN. 
 
 MARIAZELL to 
 
 ENG. ir. 
 
 Weichselbodeu 16 
 Wildalpen . 12 
 
 Palfaii . . 12 
 
 62 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Hieflau . . ii 
 
 Eisenerz . . ii 
 
 The route now descends the 
 \ alley to its mouth at 
 
 7 m. G-rasnitz whence it has to 
 make a long detour and ascent 
 to reach the little town of 
 
 . 9 m. Aflenz {Inn: good), in a wide 
 opening of the Stiibming Thai. 
 A little distance beyond, the road 
 enters the narrow Tliorl in which 
 are several iron forges, and the 
 ruins of the ScJdoss Scliaclienstein, 
 built by an abbot of St. Lambert 
 in 1465 to protect pilgrims bound 
 to Maria Zell from the knightly 
 
 This rd. is now available for 2-horse 
 cariiages. 2-horse conveyance from Ma- 
 riazell to Wildalpen, 15 fl.; thence to 
 Hieflau, 12 fl.; thence to Admont, 7 fl.; 
 thence to Lietzen, 6 fl.; thence to Aussee, 
 12 fl., including tolls and trinkgeld. 
 i-horse carnages will be charged two- 
 thirds of the above. A good will 
 
 take 6 hi\s. from Mariazell to Weichsel- 
 boden, and 4 hrs. thence to Wildalpen. 
 
 This route, lying almost en¬ 
 tirely in the Salzatlial, is one of 
 the most romantic and interesting 
 excursions which the neighbour- 
 liood of Miiria Zell affords. Tlie 
 Weichselbodeu portion of it is in 
 a deep ravine shut in by preci¬ 
 pices which, fi'om their height, 
 
501 
 
 life, 24:Q.—MARIAZELL to EI8ENEBZ. 
 
 502 
 
 uninterrupted character, and the 
 wild solitude of the scene they 
 enclose, give a most imposing 
 aspect to this gorge. The Fla- 
 teau of the Hochschwah shuts in 
 the Salzathal on the S. almost 
 the whole of the way—one of 
 that series of vast upreared iso¬ 
 lated masses, such as the Steinerne 
 Meer, Dachstein, Schnee Alp, 
 &c., which characterises the North 
 Limestone Zone of the Alps. 
 
 3 m. Imperial Cannon Foundry 
 (K. K. Gusswerk; Inn: good), 
 For the rd. to this point see Kte. 
 
 245. 
 
 The route now leaves the rd. 
 to Bruck on 1 . and turns S.W. to 
 descend the Salzathal. 
 
 [Another route to Weichsel- 
 boden from this point over the 
 Kastenriegel may he taken by the 
 pedestrian, and possibly also by 
 a car. Take the rd. to Bruck as 
 far as Wegscheid, Then turn to rt. 
 along a rd. ascending through 
 forest that was once the late 
 Archduke’s route to his Hunting 
 lodge. Follow this past the 
 Dqoi^ehvand, ?ind for some distance 
 along the edge of the Rmg, down 
 to the Hunting lodge at its en¬ 
 trance, and through the Hdll- 
 hoden to Weichselboden. It 
 affords access to the seenery of 
 the Eing from another quarter; 
 and as chamois are abundant it 
 is possible that some may be seen 
 among the rocks on the opposite 
 side of the Eing.] 
 
 6 m. Greuth {Inn: Kreuz, a pea¬ 
 sant's inn). At some distance 
 beyond this village the rd. leaves 
 the stream on 1 ., and ascends a 
 ridge,—the Hals, passing at the 
 top a finger-post pointing to the 
 Hoclisclmab (7441 ft.), here finely 
 displayed. Ascending and de¬ 
 
 scending alternately, the rd. 
 reaches the small lateral valley 
 of the Radmer, and by it arrives 
 at the curious caldron of 
 
 Weichselboden {Inn: 8 beds? m. 
 in 3 rooms, but food and wine 
 good), an open level meadow shut 
 in by high walls of rock with 4 
 narrow entrances. By one of 
 these the Salza enters the open 
 space, and by another leaves 
 it; that on the N. side is the 
 opening into the Eadmerthal, and 
 that on S. is the gateway into the 
 Hollboden. 
 
 Excursion to the Hochschwah. 
 
 Two routes lead to its summit 
 from Weichselboden. 
 
 a. Proceed to the Hollboden 
 f hr., and thence ascend to the 
 Nieder Ring (4467 ft.), a circular 
 amphitheatre shut in by preci¬ 
 pices, I hr. Above is the Hohe 
 Ring (5282 ft.) 1 1 hr., a p)reserve 
 of the Count of Meran, and in 
 which no one is allowed to shoot 
 without special permission. It is 
 a favourite place for a Treibjagd, 
 when 50 to 100 chamois being 
 driven into it by the huntsmen 
 and peasants are fired at by 
 sportsmen stationed round the 
 Eing. Thence through the Tlas- 
 serschlucht, Ochsenreichhar (6172 
 ft.), Schwabenleiten, and Sclmab- 
 enbodendl, to the peak in 3 hrs. 
 more. 
 
 b. All easier course is to walk 
 to the so-called Archduke’s Reit- 
 steige, and thence by the Edel- 
 boden in 3 hrs., where night- 
 quarters on straw may be had, 
 and thence by Siebenbrunnen to 
 the peak in 4 hrs. more. 
 
 Guide, 3 fl.: provisions to bo taken. 
 
 The Panorama includes the 
 
503 
 
 Bte, 2^Q.—MARIAZELL to ETSENEBZ. 
 
 504 
 
 mountain-land between the Gross 
 Glockner and Dachstein W. and 
 the Hungarian plain E.; and 
 from the Danube Valley N. to 
 the Terglou S. Eight other 
 peaks rise from the plateau, but 
 the Hochschwab is the loftiest. 
 
 The rd. continues down the 
 valley, closely shut in between the 
 rocks, and passes the 
 
 im. Bresceniklause or dam, the 
 narrowest point. Here the rd, is 
 taken through a tunnel. A little 
 further it crosses the Salza elose 
 by a pretty waterfall, and ascends 
 to a considerable height above 
 the gorge in which the stream 
 dashes along. After descending 
 it reaches 
 
 5 m. Im Gschoder, a small group of 
 houses shut up between rocks ; 
 above, is the Gsctioder Kahr. 
 Some distance further on 1 . the 
 Brumithcd opens with the Brunn 
 Bee close to the road. 
 
 G m. Wildaipen (Inn: Zisler's, near 
 the ch., very good and cheap), a 
 scattered village, opposite to the 
 point where the Seissenbach 
 descends its valley to join the 
 Salza. There are several iron- 
 forges in this side valley. The 
 neighbourhood is extremely ro¬ 
 mantic ; and there are tine views 
 of the peaks of the Hochschwab 
 Plateau. Benches have been joro- 
 vided everywhere for the enjoy¬ 
 ment of the best points of view. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 a. To Ilieflau. Take the rd. 
 leading S.W, up the Wildalpen- 
 thal, through Kleinwildcdpen 
 and by the Fiomperlhach in 4 hr. 
 to the Ool Auf der Waclif, In 
 
 the Middle Ages this pass was 
 fortified, and there is a small inn 
 there now. Thence down the 
 Schwabelthcd to Lainbach on the 
 Enns in 3 hr,, and in i more to 
 Hieflau. 
 
 h. To Eisenerz. A packhorse 
 route leads by the Seissenbach, 
 and then through the wild ravine 
 of the Sclireier to the Eisenerz- 
 hohe (4760 ft.), marked by a 
 cross, 3 hrs. Then steeply down 
 over rock and debris to a chalet 
 on the Erzboden aim, where milk 
 is obtainable. On the opposite side 
 of this aim is a rd. protected by 
 a balustrade cut out of the pre¬ 
 cipice of the Zargenhopf, which 
 descends by several steep wind¬ 
 ings to its foot. The finest part 
 of the scenery is at this point. 
 The Forester s house close to the 
 Seebach^ is If hr. distant from 
 the Erzboden Aim. The rd. from 
 this point ascends and descends 
 through forest past the Leopold- 
 stein See in i hr. to the main rd. 
 
 5 hr. distant from Eisenerz. 
 
 ' c. To the Siebenseen (7 Lahes). 
 These are situated in a very soli¬ 
 tary and gloomy forest on the 
 plateau 8. of Wild Alpen, called 
 the Ilollenmeister, and are ap¬ 
 proached through a wild ravine. 
 On 8. this forest is shut in by a 
 crescent of rocky peaks. The 
 Tragdsthal 011 8. side of the 
 Plateau can be reached by a 
 laborious climb over this ridge at 
 the Schafhalssattel, and descending 
 into the valley over the Androth 
 and Handelboden alps. 
 
 The route continues to descend 
 the solitary valley, still beautiful, 
 but not so wild. 
 
 [A rd. here turns rt. to cross! 
 the Salza, ascend the Lassing- 
 tlial and over the ridge to Neu- 
 
oOo 
 
 Me. Ul.—VIENNA to GllATZ—BAIL. 506 
 
 haus in Austria, wliere it falls 
 into another rJ. leading E. by 
 the Erlaf See to Maria Zell (Kte. 
 245).] 
 
 6 in. [Another rd. also turns rt, 
 here to ascend along the Mendlinrj 
 hacli, over a low col at 3 Iendling 
 on the boundary between Styria 
 and Austria, and down to Lassing, 
 the first village on the other 
 side. It continues by Litnz, 
 Gaming, and St. Polten to Vienna. 
 Formerly it was fortified.] 
 
 Enns. A little further the rd. 
 crosses the Enns and falls into 
 the main rd. 
 
 Hieflau (Kte. 242). 3 
 
 Eisenerz (Kte. 242). n ^ 
 
 2 m. Palfau, a liamlet. The con¬ 
 glomerate and sandstone rocks 
 wliicb shut in the green Salza, 
 are here worn into singular 
 shapes. 
 
 Before reaching Palfau the rd. 
 divides: [thebranchwbiclifollows 
 the rt. bank and passes through 
 Palfau descends to Beijiing 
 through beautiful scenery, the 
 river still running between steep 
 banks hollowed out in various 
 ways ;] that on the 1., lohich this 
 route imrsues, passes Lend, and 
 abandoning the Salza ascends to 
 reach 
 
 Gm. Gams at the mouth of the 
 Gamsthal. Beds of the Gosau 
 Formation are to be met with in 
 this valley. Close to the vill. is 
 a large quarry of sandstone, which 
 provides the building stone for the 
 furnaces at Eisenerz and Kadmer. 
 Four lirs. N.E. of the vill., in the 
 Brandenstein, is an Ice-Cave (en¬ 
 trance 1866 ft. above sea;, where 
 the ground, walls, and roof are 
 covered with ice. It also con¬ 
 tains true stalactites. Steigeisen 
 are necessary in visiting it. The 
 next village is 
 
 2 m. Lainbach, at the mouth of the 
 Schwabelthal, and close to the 
 
 Rte. 247 . - VIENNA to 
 GRATZ (Rly.), over the SEM- 
 MERING. 
 
 VIEXNA to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 Baden . . i6f 
 
 Neustadt . 14 
 
 Gloggnitz . i6.i 
 Semmering. 17 
 
 JMiirzzuschlag 9 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Brack . . 26 
 
 I'eggau. . Hi 
 Gratz . . 12 
 
 Ii2i 
 
 Trains 3 limes daily; express in 5i- 
 hrs., the 2 others in 8.]- and 94 hrs. The 
 express is ist class only, and travels 
 on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Satur¬ 
 days. At Nabresina Junction it is in 
 correspondence with the train to Venice, 
 Verona, and Milan. In summer an addi¬ 
 tional morning train to Neustadt in ijhr. 
 Besides the fares a Government tax of 
 15 per cent, is demanded. Luggage, 
 50 lbs. free. Refreshment-rooms at 
 Miirzzuschlag, Gratz, Marburg, Stein- 
 bruck, and Nabresina. For the best 
 scenery, as far as Gloggnitz, sit on rt. 
 side dl' train; for the Semmering, on 1. 
 
 The rly., which will continue 
 to be one of the most remarkable 
 engineering works in Europe, 
 though it may hereafter be sur¬ 
 passed in boldness by the pro¬ 
 jected and unfinished lines of 
 the St. Gothard, Mt. Cents, and 
 the Brenner, was, as concerns the 
 
507 
 
 Bte. 2^1.—VIENNA to GBATZ—BAIL. 
 
 508 
 
 Semmering portion, begun in 
 1848, and opened on the 17th of 
 July, 1854. It was executed for 
 the Government by the engineer 
 Carlo Chega. South of Neustadt 
 it runs through very beautiful 
 country. The gradients are too 
 steep to admit of much heavy 
 goods traffic. 
 
 Tlie basin or plain across -which 
 this rly. runs S. is the southern 
 half of a tertiary basin bounded 
 by the hills of tlie Wiener Wald 
 \V., the Leitliagebirge E., and 
 the Danube N. It ends at its 
 S.W. corner at Neunldrchen, 40 m. 
 from Vienna. Here the approach 
 to the Semmering commences. 
 Seven streams from the Wiener 
 Wald send their waters into this 
 plain; the valleys they flow 
 through are full of picturesque 
 scenery and generally wooded, 
 supplying charcoal for numerous 
 iron-works. Euined castles and 
 modern chateaux are frequent. 
 The scenic interest culminates in 
 the neighbourhood of the Schnee- 
 herg (6809 ft.), the highest peak 
 of Lower Austria, lying W. of 
 Neunkirchen. 
 
 The entire Vienna basin (N. 
 and S. of the Danube) is interest¬ 
 ing in a botanical point of view 
 as being the meeting-ground of 3 
 great floras,—the Northern or 
 Baltic Flora, the Hungarian or 
 Steppe Flora, and that of the 
 Alps. 
 
 The Vienna terminus of the 
 rly. ( Wiener Sildhalin) lies outside 
 the Belvidere Linie on the S.E. 
 of the city, near the new Arsenal. 
 At a short distance it crosses the 
 high road, and then runs S. nearly 
 parallel with it over an open 
 country without hedges or wood. 
 The first stat. is 
 
 Park of Schdnhrunn, laid out in 
 the French i8th cent style. On 
 a height within is seen the 
 Gloriette, a hall of columns, 300 
 ft. long, 60 ft. high. From its 
 summit is a fine view of the city. 
 
 1 . on the Wienerherg, a little 
 short of Meidling, is a Gothic 
 cross with 4 statues, date 1547, 
 repaired r599» called the Spinne- 
 rin am Kreuz, erected by Crispin 
 Pollitzer. From it is one of the 
 best views of Vienna, but Danube 
 not seen. 
 
 Hetzendorf Stat. Here is 2 
 another Imperial pleasure-place 
 and park, and a junction line, for 
 goods traffic only, with the W. 
 rly. to Linz, &c. 
 
 Liesing Stat. A large brewery 2 
 with rock cellars is i^rominent. 
 Fi'om this j)oint an interesting 
 excursion may be made into the 
 valleys of the Wiener Wald, 
 immediately S. of the Imperial 
 Thiergarten (a preserve for wild 
 swine), hj Kalksburg, Breitenfurt, 
 and over the ridge 1.; retui’ning 
 by Kaltenleitgehen and Bodaun to 
 Liesing. 
 
 Brunn Stat. Another large 1 
 breweiy, and vineyards with 
 Castle Ruins. Beyond, towards 
 the next stat., are seen the old 
 and the new Scliloss Liechtenstein, 
 with a Gothic Chapel and large 
 Park. 
 
 Modling Stat., a large vill. 1 
 {Inn: Hirsch, second-rate), sur¬ 
 rounded by vineyards and villas ; 
 wine poor. One of its 2 churches, 
 8 t. Othmar’s, once belonged to the 
 Templars, and has a subterranean 
 chapel, date 13 th cent. 
 
 [The beautiful rock valley of 
 
 2 |m. Meidling. Rt. is the Imperial 
 
609 
 
 nte. 2in,— VIENNA to GHATZ—RAIL. 
 
 510 
 
 the Briihl opens out here W. 
 With the surrounding heights on 
 each side, it belongs to Prince 
 Liechtenstein. Behind the ch. 
 ’ are footpaths leading up to an 
 old tower, the remains of the 
 family residence of the Baben- 
 berg IVIargraves of Austria, and 
 i thence round the shoulder of the 
 hill, through plantations, within 
 view of a most pleasing land¬ 
 scape, including the Danube, to 
 the modern Schloss Liechtenstein, 
 with an English garden, but 
 containing^ nothing worth notice. 
 Close by is the old Schloss, the 
 cradle ot the family, and one of 
 the most ancient strongholds of 
 Austria; destroyed by the Turks. 
 A torture-chamber shown in it. 
 The rooms of the old Schloss are, 
 in summer, at the service of a 
 Vienna restaurateur for picnics. 
 Opposite, upon the ridge of the 
 Siegenstein, is tlie Husaren tempel, 
 erected by Prince John to the 
 memory of 5 hussars of his regi¬ 
 ment, who saved his life at t?ie 
 cost of theirs at the battle of 
 Asperii 1809. View finer than 
 that from the Schlos,s—as far as 
 the Schneeberg S. 
 
 A carriage-road ascends the 
 valley past Vorder and Ilinter 
 i Briild {Inn: Weiss Kreuz) and 
 Gaden to the Cistercian monas¬ 
 tery of IleiligenJcreuz, founded 
 1134 by St. Leopold. Visit the 
 crypt, with tombs of the old Ba- 
 benberg princes; the cloisters, 
 with side chapel, rich in painted 
 glass; and in the treasury see a 
 fragment of the Holy Cross 
 brought from Palestine 1182 by 
 Leopold V, To 1. is a road wliich 
 descends by the Sattelbach, a 
 branch of the Helenenthal, to 
 I Baden (see below). The main 
 road continues across the ridge 
 and descends to Allancl in the 
 
 Helenenthal proper, and thence 
 down to Baden.] 
 
 [Beyond Mddling Stat. a branch 
 rly. forks otf 3 m. E. to the vill. 
 and Imperial Palace and Park of 
 Laxenhurg {Inns: Stern; Ungar- 
 ische Krone), watered by the 
 Sweehat from the Helenenthal. 
 
 The favourite residence of Maria 
 Theresa, Joseph II., and Erancis. 
 
 Both old and new Palace not 
 worth entering. The fruit and 
 flower gardens closed; but the 
 Park is always open, and is 
 beautifully laid out. See the 
 Knights' Crypt (Ritter Graft); the 
 Knight s Castle (Erauzensburg), 
 a inodern-antique castle in a lake, 
 which is a museum of middle-age 
 antiquities, portraits, and statues; 
 its tower, a torture-chamber, and 
 from the top fine view of the 
 Schneeberg and Styrian Alps W., 
 and of the Leithagebirge S.E. See 
 also the Turnierplatz, Temples 
 of Diana and of Harmony, &c.] 
 
 Guntramsdorf Stat. ^ 2[ m 
 
 Gumpoldskirchen Stat. A vill.] m. 
 at the foot of the Anning Berg 
 (2205 ft.), from wbich a fine view 
 over the Wiener Wald and the 
 Steinfeld or plain near Neustadt. 
 
 One of the best Austrian wines 
 grown here. After passing 
 through a short tunnel and 
 Pfdffstetten Stat. the rly, reaches 
 
 Baden or Baaden Stat. (Inns: 3 f m 
 Stadt Wien; Schwarzer Adler; 
 
 Lowe; Cafe at Stat.), a town 
 frequented by Sunday excursion¬ 
 ists from Vienna, which has 
 grown up round certain ancient 
 sulphur-springs, known in the 
 time of the Romans; 7000 per¬ 
 sons yearly take the baths. The 
 principal spring issues out of 
 dolomitic limestone at the foot 
 
511 
 
 Bte. 2i7—VIENNA to GRATZr-MAIL 
 
 512 
 
 of the Calvarienberg: from its 
 summit a View over the plain to 
 the Leithagebirge beyond; rt. is 
 the modern Schloss Weilburg, a 
 summer residence of the Archduke 
 Charles, and tlie Ruin Raiihenech, 
 accessible by paths and strong- 
 ladders ; 1 . is the Ruin Raulien- 
 stein, once a robber’s castle de¬ 
 stroyed by Maximilian I. The 
 town lies on the Schwechat at 
 the opening into the Helenen- 
 thal W., in the midst of vine¬ 
 yards ; and consists almost entirely 
 of lodging-houses and baths. The 
 best baths are the Sauerhof, the 
 Frauenhad, and the CaroUnenhad ; 
 the principal promenade is the 
 Theresiengarten. 
 
 [Tlie Helenenthal is the daily 
 resort of the bathers, who take 
 coffee and ices there at numerous 
 cafes. Scenery like Matlock. Its 
 woods are intersected by paths 
 leading up to the Ruins Bauheneclc 
 and Raulienstein, and to Schloss 
 Weilburg already mentioned, and 
 further on to the Eiserne Thor 
 (2719 ft.), the highest point and 
 finest view in the district. Some 
 distance up, a rock, the TJrihelstein, 
 is pierced by the carriage-road, 
 which is continuedby the Krainer- 
 hutten (refreshments) to the Ileili- 
 genlcreuz Monastery 8 m. (see 
 above). Thence the Bruhl may 
 be descended to Modling. 
 
 Another excursion is to ScJdoss 
 Merlcenstein, containing pictu¬ 
 resque ruins, a fine Park, and 
 old trees, which may either be 
 reached by a shorter path over 
 the ridge of the Lindkogl S.; or 
 by the carriage-road through 
 Voslau, GainfaJirn, and lladelliof, 
 
 8 m.3 
 
 2 | m. Voslau Stat. (Inn: Schweizer- 
 hof). An excellent wine (red 
 and white) is grown here, much 
 
 used at Vienna. Mineral springs; 
 villas. Kottingbrunn Stat. is 
 passed. 
 
 Leohersdorf Stat., opposite the 2 i 
 entrance into the charming Tries- 
 tingthal. Near are large tile and 
 teiTacotta works. The summit 
 of the Schneeberq comes into view 
 S.W. 
 
 [The first vill. in the Triesting- 
 tbal is St. Veit; then follows 
 Bernsdorf, where large new 
 alpaca-works, to Potteiistein (Inn : 
 Hirsch), the principal place. 1 . 
 a good road leads over the Hals 
 (fine view) to Bernitz in the 
 Piestingthal. hr. beyond Pot- 
 tenstein a road turns rt. to ascend 
 the Hafnerberg, and descend to 
 Alland in the Helenenthal (see 
 above). On the ascent are the 
 ruins of the fortified ch. of St. 
 Baneras, and of another ch.; and 
 upon the summit a pilgrimage ch., 
 date 1743. J hr. further is Alten- 
 marht (Inn: Lamm), at foot of the 
 IIocheclc(sA02ft.), 2| hrs. to sum¬ 
 mit. From it is a noble view, 
 especially to N. About 3 hrs. 
 beyond is Kaumberg (Inn: Gol- 
 denen Kreuz). On the ridge, 
 
 15 hr. S.W., are the ruins of 
 Schloss Araburg, said to be well 
 worth a visit. The road con¬ 
 tinues W. of Kaumberg over the 
 Wiener Wcdd ridge fo descend to 
 Ilainfeld,St. Fe?Y, and at last Trai- 
 sen, on the high road;—S. to Maria 
 Zell byLilienfeld (Rte. 245); and 
 N. to St. Polten, a stat. on the 
 Vienna and Salzburg Rly. (Rte. 
 
 195).] 
 
 Immediately after passing Sole- 
 nau Stat. is 
 
 Felixdorf Stat., a manu-df 
 facturing vill., established 1823 
 by Felix Miesl, a Burgomaster of 
 
513 
 
 Rte.^^ 1 .—VIENNA to GRATZ—RAIL. 
 
 514 
 
 Neustadt. Fine view S.W. of the 
 Wand (3720 ft.), and beyond, of 
 the Schneeber^. 
 
 [i| hr. rt. is the entrance into 
 the Piestingthal. To reach it 
 ■Stcinabruckl and Government 
 Nvorks for the manufacture of 
 rockets are jDassed. At WuUers- 
 dorf, which stands on 1. side of 
 the entrance, are Eoman remains, 
 and near is a large cavern with 
 wide passages leading to a hall 
 with pulpit, its opening protected 
 by an old tower, the Ildlltlivrm, 
 once used as a place of refuge 
 from tlie Turks, i hr. higher- 
 up is Piesting {Inn: Hirsch\ with 
 brewery ainl iron-works. Iir the 
 vicinity are the ruins of Schloss 
 Starliemberg, belonging to tire 
 Archduke Leopold. Irr its court- 
 3 ^ 11 x 1 J 00 wiirdows maybe counted. 
 Lr r5 29, and again in 1683, when 
 Vienna was besieged by tlie 
 Turks, this castle sheltered thou¬ 
 sands. ^ hr. beyoird is Oher Pies¬ 
 ting {In]i: Zum Griineii Baum). 
 Tlie valley repeatedly closes 
 iiird opens, and after passing 
 WaldecJc reaches In der Oed, over¬ 
 looked by the Mandling (3043 ft.) 
 N., and by the Kressenherg (2905 
 ft.). Here is the large brass- 
 foundry of the Rosthorns, occu¬ 
 pying 300 hands, with a school 
 and hosirital. i hr. further is 
 Beniitz (good Inn). The main 
 valley now turns S W., and 
 narrows to a gorge, wdiich opens 
 out suddenly into a charming 
 basin, with Guttenstein {Inns: 
 Zum Baren ; Presoli ) at its oppo¬ 
 site side, about r 7 m. from Wol- 
 Sersdorf. 
 
 Near Guttenstein, upon a height 
 (2592 ft.), is the much visited 
 pilgrimage ch. of Mariahilf, and 
 a monastery (Serviteirklosteri. 
 The entire mountain is laid out 
 as a Park, and otfe-rs nunrerous 
 
 Kp. Ttjr. & Alps. 
 
 fine views at points where chapels 
 have been erected or cut out of 
 the rock. Close to the ch. is an 
 J«a,aiid some small booths. Near 
 is the Friedenstempel, erected fis a 
 memorial of the Peace of 1814, 
 with an echo of ri syllable.-*. 
 
 h’he ruins of a Schloss (of i rth 
 cent.) overlook Guttenstein from 
 a rock 200 ft. high. Mathias 
 Corvinus lived here about 1450, 
 and stories are told of the 'rurks 
 who were once in possession. The 
 ruins are open to visitors, and 
 made accessible by stairs arrd 
 galleries. The modern Schloss, 
 built 1674, and renewed 1818, is 
 near, and has gardens well worth 
 a visit. Count Hoyos is the pro¬ 
 prietor. 
 
 Several routes lead forward out 
 of Guttenstein;— 
 
 a. 1. up the Ldngepiestingthol, 
 and over the Oeller or saddle Am 
 umgestiirztenKreuz {^222 It.), with 
 a view of the Sclmeeberg S. down 
 into the highest part of tlie Sier- 
 ningthal—the Mamau—to Buch- 
 herg, 4 hrs. (See below.) 
 
 h. Ascend the Klosterthal to 
 the Rothen Hofe, r J hr.; then, 1 . 
 by the Schober hut (bauer) over 
 the Schober, hr.; and finally 
 down a woody ravine past the 
 Haltburg Hof, either 1 . to Sieriring 
 or rt. to Buchberg, r J hr. more. 
 
 c. Another path diverges at the 
 Rothen Hofe from the last, and 
 reaches Beiblhof irr 2 hrs.; then 
 to 1 . through the Wdden Nessel- 
 graben to the Mamauwiese i hr .; 
 over the HuhnerbUhel i hr.; and 
 down to Buchberg 15 hr. A very 
 interesting and picturesque route; 
 the Schneeberg appears quite 
 close. 
 
 d. A good carriage-road runs 
 up the Klosterthal and over the 
 rkla-e Das Gsehaid, and either 
 
515 
 
 ate. 2il.—VIENNA to GBA TZ~RAIL. 
 
 51G 
 
 turning 1. descends the romantic 
 gorge of the HollentJial to Bayer- 
 Zacli, a stat. (see below), about 
 24m.; or, turning to rt., ascends 
 the valley to Schicarzau {Inn), 
 about 15 m. Beyond Schwarzau 
 the road turns W over the ridge 
 into the Traisenthal, whence is a 
 road S.W. to Maria Zell, and N. 
 through Lilienfeld to St, Polten, 
 a stat. on the Vienna and Salz¬ 
 burg Rly, (Rtes. 195 and 245). 
 
 e. A path up the rocky and 
 romantic valley of the Steina- 
 ^nesting, the entrance to which 
 is overlooked by the Schloss, to 
 Steina; and onwards over the 
 ridge 1 . to S. of the Steina Berg 
 down to Rohr at the head of the 
 Hollenthal, about 6 m. above 
 Schwarzau vill. already men¬ 
 tioned.]] 
 
 Babenbergs, converted in 17 5 2 into 
 a ^resit Military Academy by Maria 
 Theresa. Over the entrance is a 
 statue of Frederick IV., and in 
 the ante-court one of the Empress 
 as foundress of the Academy. In 
 one of the rooms are portraits of 
 pupils who afterwards, like Ea- 
 detsky, became famous. The old 
 chapel, date has fine painted 
 windows; under its high altar 
 lies the Emp. ^Rlaximilian I., 
 and at his feet his faithful friend 
 Dietrichstein. Scientific collec¬ 
 tions of all kinds enrich the insti¬ 
 tution, and large gardens are 
 attached. Admission is best ob¬ 
 tained between 12 and 2 p.m. 
 
 In the Neuldosterliirclie, not far 
 distant, behind the high altar, is 
 an admirably carved monument 
 of Eleonora of Portugal, wife of 
 the Emp. Frederick III, date 
 
 The rly. now leaves the hills 
 and makes a straight course across 
 the plain to 
 
 4 | m. Neustadt, or Wiener Neusfadt, 
 Stat. {Inns: Hirsch; Ungar 
 Krone ; Kreuz ; Lowe ; Stadler’s, 
 close to the stat.), next to Vienna 
 the principal town in Lower Aus¬ 
 tria. Since the fire of 1834 almost 
 entirely rebuilt and surrounded 
 with a wall. Was the favourite 
 residence of Duke Leopold, who 
 fell at Sempach, 1386, the birth¬ 
 place of Frederick IV., the last 
 Babenberg Prince, and of the 
 Emp. Maximilian I. It is the 
 seat of manufactures in silk, 
 cotton, and cloth, also of hard- 
 ware,'machinery, and locomotives. 
 A canal 3 8 m, long, made by the 
 Emp. Joseph II., carries wood 
 and building - stone, with coal, 
 from near Oedenburg in Hungary, 
 to Vienna. 
 
 ' On the E. side of the town is 
 the old Ducal Schloss of the 
 
 1467. 
 
 The Parish church, in the Eo- 
 manesque style, is a fine building, 
 with 2 good towers. Imbedded 
 in its outside wall is a curious 
 memorial of the execution in 16 71 
 of 2 Hungarian counts for treason. 
 
 Outside the gate leading to 
 Vienna, on 1 ., stands a beautiful 
 Gothic ci'oss, the Krispinkreuz, 
 similar to that on the Wiener- 
 berg near Vienna, and erected by 
 Duke Leopold, 1382. 
 
 In the Toivnhall (Eathhaus') is 
 shown a magnificent silver goblet 
 2 ft. high, a memorial of a peace 
 between Frederick III. and Mat¬ 
 thias Corvinus of Hungary. 
 
 7 m. S. on the opposite bank of 
 the Leitha is Frohsdorf. In 1816 
 its Schloss belonged to Murat’s 
 widow, Caroline Bonaparte; now 
 it is the property of the Count of 
 Chambord. 
 
 The principal Excursion from 
 Neustadt is to the charming 
 
lUe. 211 —VIENNA to OFiATZ—nATL. 
 
 518 
 
 517 
 
 valley of tlic Neue Welt, once 
 the bed of a lake, and to llie 
 llohe }Vand, a wonderful Eock* 
 wall which overlooks it. The 
 Avay to it lies by Fucliau, on the 
 Fischa Bach, a vill. at the foot 
 of the line of hills that shut in 
 the Neue Welt on E., and about 
 4 m, W. of Neustadt. Thence to 
 Brunn, and beyond through mea¬ 
 dow and wood, up the hills to 
 Dreistetien at the N. end of the 
 Neue Welt. From this point the 
 Neue Welt itself may be traversed 
 b)^ Mu thmannsdorf, where is a view 
 over the valley, and Gaden, to 
 Stolliof. Opposite this place the 
 gorge of the romantic Frosset- 
 schlucht opens out W. Upon a 
 height near stand the Enins of 
 Emersberg, belonging to the 
 Archduke Leopold, and offering 
 a fine jDoint of view; opposite 
 are the ruins of the old fort 
 Dachenstein. At Teiclimiilde, not 
 far off, is a good Inn. The cir¬ 
 cuit of the valley may be com¬ 
 pleted by proceeding through 
 Maiersdorf, Ziceiersdorf, to Griin- 
 hacli at the S. end of the Neue 
 Welt. 
 
 The Hohe Wand (2592 ft.) can 
 best be seen by ascending at Drei- 
 stetten, passing along its ridge S,, 
 and d^cending at Griinbach. A 
 guide is necessary, and provisions 
 should be taken. In 2 hrs. from 
 Dreistetten the plateau is reached. 
 There are several fine points of 
 view, but the best perhaps is that 
 of an elevation to 1. half way 
 between the Hiitteln and the 
 Jdgerliaus. E. the Neusiedler See 
 is visible; to N. Vienna; to S. 
 the Schneeberg ; and to W. 
 the Oetscher, and the wooded 
 ridges of the Wiener Wald. The 
 view over the precipitous edge 
 down into the Neue Welt and 
 neighbouring valleys is most 
 
 charming. Griinbach is i hr. 
 from the S. border of the plateau. 
 
 The descent to it is steep, and in 
 Avet weather slippery. Others 
 recommend as preferable the 
 ascent by the ncAv liorsc-path 
 made by the Archduke Leopold 
 to his hunting-hox on the Wand, 
 Avliich commences at Peisching, 
 i hr. above Pisting, In the Hohe 
 AVand are moie than 30 larger 
 and smaller Caverns; those most 
 usually visited arc the GypslocJi, 
 WindlocJi, Leitergrabenhohle, and 
 VoUeringrotte. 
 
 [A rly. branches off from Neu¬ 
 stadt S.E. to Oedenhurg in Hun- 
 gary, not far from the briny and 
 shalloAV (9 to 13 ft. deep) Neic- 
 siedler See."} 
 
 The main line turns now S.W., 
 and enters upon the Stelnfeld, a 
 barren level surface, consisting of 
 a hard compact gravel of lime¬ 
 stone pebbles covered with a vein' 
 thin soil. At 
 
 St. Egyden Stat. the Schnee-i^ m. 
 herg and Baocalp are finely in 
 vieAV. To rt. in the distance is 
 the Avell-preserved Schloss Seben- 
 stein, belonging to Prince Liech¬ 
 tenstein ; and another Schloss, 
 Fiiten. 
 
 The rly. continues its straight 
 course to 
 
 _ Neunkirchen Stat. (Inn; 4 f m, 
 Hirsch), a small manufacturing 
 town with cotton factories and 
 manufactures in hardware. The 
 Counts Hoyos lie buried here. 
 
 A legend explains the origin of 
 the name Neunkirchen. 
 
 _ [The Sierningthal may best be 
 visited from here. For pictur¬ 
 esque and charming scenery it 
 takes the first rank among the 
 
 s 2 
 
519 
 
 rue. 2il.—VIENNA io GRATA—RAIL. 
 
 520 
 
 xVlpi'ie va.lleys of Lower Austria. 
 Mucli frequented by parties from 
 Vienna. 
 
 The next stat., Ternitz, is nearer the 
 entrance, but cars are not always to be 
 had. A stellwagen, however, was in 
 18O5 projected, to run from Ternitz to 
 Bucbberg. inquiry should be made for 
 it. Carriage from Neun’circhen to Buch- 
 'berg, 5 flor.; from Bucbberg to Ternitz, 
 
 4 flor. 
 
 At tlie entrance of the valley 
 is the vill. St. Johann, and beyond, 
 the picturesque chapel of St. Pan- 
 eras and the vill. SiecUng. In 
 -2 Ill’s, the fine ruin of Stixenstein, 
 belonging to the Hoyos family, 
 XJcrched 011 a high rock, and 
 overlooking a narrow part of the 
 valley, is reached. The valley 
 continues very narrow, and the 
 road often runs through fine 
 beech-wood past the opening into 
 the Rolirhachgrahen 1 ., until it 
 opens into the basin of Bucliherg, 
 <)| m. from Neunkirchen {Inn: 
 Doppler’s, near the ch., good), 
 and a few minutes further the 
 liamlet of Siernlng {Inn: Zum 
 Dergmann, good'. 
 
 The houses lie scattered about 
 the basin, and the cburcli stands 
 on a hill along with the ruins of 
 the Schloss Buchberg. Nearly 
 the whole of the Schne^herg is 
 visible. Above Buchberg the 
 valley is called the Mamaii, and 
 a good road ascends out of it 
 to join at the Gschaicl the road 
 from Guttenstein in the Kloster- 
 thal to the Hdllenthal (see above). 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 (a). To the Pavilion on the 
 Roineilcogel, a spur of the Him- 
 berg. This is not far distant, and 
 offers an excellent view of the 
 Schneeberg and the basin of 
 Buchberg. The hamlet of Sclmee- 
 
 berg and Ruins of Losenheim are 
 seen on the opposite slope 8. 
 below the peak of the Kaiserstein. 
 
 (h). To the Waterfall of the 
 Sebastianhach, 135 1 ft. high, i hr. 
 higher than Buchberg. 
 
 (c) . To the hamlet of Schnee- 
 herg, and to a picturesque water¬ 
 fall beyond: there and back 
 3 hrs. 
 
 (d) . Ascent of the Ilimherg, 
 and to the Allelujaholde. The 
 cavern is a stalactitic one, of no 
 great importance, but can be com¬ 
 bined along with the ascent of 
 the Himberg. This is taken best 
 from Siernlng, and the summit of 
 the Himberg is 5 fir. beyond the 
 cavern. View of the whole valley, 
 the Schneeberg, part of the Klos- 
 terthal mountains, and the plain 
 at Neustadt. 
 
 (e) . Ascent of the Katherein- 
 Schlag (4222 ft,), the highest peak 
 of the Oeller, in the ridge N. 
 of Buchberg. Exceedingly fine 
 view of the mtns. from Guttenstein 
 to the Oetscher beyond Maria 
 Zell. Ascent easy. There and 
 back in 4 hrs. 
 
 (f) . To the ruins of Schloss 
 Schrattensfein, in the Rosenthal, 
 These lie in an extremely pic¬ 
 turesque locality, 3 his. N. from 
 Buchberg, over the Streugherg. 
 View of the Schneeberg from the 
 top of the ridge very fine. The 
 way back may be varied by 
 descending the narrow gorge of 
 the Schrottenhach to Wirfiach, 
 which has a ch., and near, the 
 Sebastianskapelle, both protected 
 by ivalls. This vill. stands at 
 the outlet into the plain, about 
 3 m. from Neunkirchen. 
 
 {g). To Reichenau in the Hoi- 
 lenthal S. Follow the ordinary 
 route to the Schneebei g(described 
 below) as far as the Kaltewasser, 
 2 hrs. Thence to Bursthef, and 
 
521 
 
 Bie. 2VJ.—VIENNA to GBATZ-BAIL 
 
 522 
 
 beyond, tliroiigli the Gahnswald, 
 to the Bodenwiese, and from that 
 descend to Reiehenau, coming 
 ont close by the IFeiSS/i/a: Inn. 
 Total time to Reichenan 5 good 
 hrs. 
 
 (/j). Ascent of the ScJinceberg 
 (6809 ft.). The mass of the Hocli 
 Schneeberg, whicli presents a pre¬ 
 cipitous face to the Hollenthal S., 
 ends in 3 peaks; the central one, 
 Alpengipfel, the highest; the 
 Kaiserstein (6739 ft,), the most 
 northern, with a pyramid in 
 memorial of two visits of the 
 Emp, Francis I; and the Waz- 
 riegel( 6 iSj ft.), the most southern. 
 The more usual route to the 
 central ])eak is taken from Bncli- 
 berg. Passing the ch. and 
 ascending a ravine 1. of the 
 JTengst to an alp, and from it 
 through wood, with a view down 
 into the Rohrbachgraben, 1., the 
 path takes the traveller by a 
 large block of rock, the Grim- 
 stern, to a delicious spring, the 
 Kaltev'.asser, in 2 hrs. 'I'he 
 further track leads steeply over 
 the Krumhachsattcl, with a tine 
 view, to tlie ridge iSchneich), 
 hr.; and thence either to Baum- 
 garten’s Alpcnhaus (beds: and 
 the only spring at this height), 
 and so to the summit ; or more 
 direct by Bainstehi, the Luchs- 
 hoden, OcJtsenhoden, between the 
 Waxriegcl and the central peak, 
 and the steep Konigsteig to the 
 top. A bare hut on the Ochsen- 
 boden is the highest place of 
 refuge from bad weatlier. Total 
 time to summit about 5 J hrs. 
 
 Horses can be taken as far as the 
 Ochsenboden. 
 
 There is another route to the 
 cCTitral peak by the Sehastianshach 
 and the Mamauwiese, Trenlaoiese, 
 to a saddle between the Fioliri- 
 
 bachwand and the Hochschnee- 
 berg, in 6 hrs. 
 
 View: to W. the various lime¬ 
 stone masses as far as the Dach- 
 stein, and mojc to S. either the 
 Hafner Eck or lloclialmspitze ; 
 the Styrian Aij)s; and to N. and 
 E. large portions of the lowlands 
 of Austria Moravia, and Hun¬ 
 gary, with Vienna, Neusiadt, 
 Fresslmrg, and the Neusiedler 
 See. 
 
 Instead of returning to Bueh- 
 bei'g. the traveller may descend 
 into the Hollenthal to the Inn 
 Zur Singerin (good), opposite the 
 opening into the Nassthal, 4 hrs. 
 from tlie liy. stat. Bayerhack ; or 
 descend to Beiehenau (2 good 
 Inns;, ^ hr. from Bayerbach. 
 
 Through the exertions of a represen¬ 
 tative of the Vienna Alpine Club a tariff 
 lor guides and horses has been established 
 in Buchberg,and may belearntat the Inna, 
 Vhe of the parish and his curate 
 
 (Co-operator) will be glad to give useful 
 inlonnatiou to strangers.] 
 
 The rly. now enters the valley 
 of the Sclucarzau, the most 
 southern lateral valley of the 
 Vienna basin, and passes 
 
 Ternitz Stat., 2 J m, 
 
 Pottschacli St:it., to 2 | m. 
 
 Gloggiiitz Stat. {Inns: at the 2 | ra, 
 stat.; in the vill., Ziun Alpen- 
 horn.) On a hill near is a 
 stately Schlo.ss, until 1803 a 
 Benedictine Abbey, now used for 
 various offices. The ch. has 
 some good jiictiires and a crypt. 
 
 To S, is the Sonnenwendstein, 
 
 499^ ft. 
 
 At this stat. the mountain portion of 
 the rly. may b ' said to commenco. 'i'he 
 usual locomotives are < xchanged lor more 
 
523 
 
 llte. 2^1.—VIENNA to GRATZ-BAIL. 
 
 524 
 
 powerful ones; and a long train is often 
 divided into 2 or j, of 4 or 5 carriages 
 each. 
 
 The clistanco from Gloofornitz at 
 
 o o 
 
 the N. base of the pass, to Miirz- 
 zuschlag at the S.,—16 m.,—is 
 performed by quick trains in 
 I hr. 40 min., by slow in 2 lirs. 
 
 17 min. The main tunnel, which 
 is also the highest, is 1555 yds. in 
 length. The highest point of 
 the rd. is in this tunnel, at a 
 height of 2791 ft. Gloggnitz is 
 1356 ft., and Miirzzuschlag 2144 
 ft. above the sea; tiie ascent 
 therefore from Gloggnitz to the 
 tunnel is 1435 ft., and the descent 
 to Miirzzuschlag 647 ft. Alto¬ 
 gether there are 15 tunnels, and 
 about 2 m. of tunnelling. The 
 line rises in gradients varying 
 between i in 40 and i in ico, 
 the steepest incline being that 
 between the stats. Baycrbach and 
 Eichberg. It is a double line 
 throughout, sweeping up the 
 sides of the hills in rapid curves. 
 
 Quitting Gloggnitz, the rly. 
 ascends the 1 . bankof the Schwarz- 
 au, passing several pretty villas 
 and a large government paper- 
 mill (Schlogelmuhle), and crosses 
 the stream on a curved viaduct, 
 80 ft. above the valley, upon 5 
 large and 8 smaller arches, not 
 far from 
 
 4| m. Bayerbach Stat. {Inn: Madcr’s, 
 cheap, clean, and good). A 
 mountain hamlet in a charming 
 position, overlooked by the 
 Schneeherg and its fellows N., the 
 Preinalp (6201 ft.), and Raxalp 
 (6574 ft.) W., and the 3-peaked 
 Semniering S, 
 
 .'Vn omnibus goes from the stat. to 
 Heicherau in 20 min. 
 
 [The ScJiicarzau, rising far to 
 N. in tlie Wiener Wald, takes a 
 
 S. and then S.E. course, pressing 
 in between the precipitous faces 
 of the Sclmeeberg mass N. and 
 the llaxalp S., and emerges at 
 last into the Vienna basin at 
 Neunkirchen; beyond, it flows 
 E. to join the Leitha on its way 
 to the Danube. The lower por¬ 
 tion of its valley netir Bayerbach 
 is called the ReicJienauthal; 
 beyond, the gorge portion bears 
 the name of the IloUenthal. Its 
 scenery equals, if it does not 
 exceed in interest, that of the 
 Sierningthal just described. 
 
 Reiclienau (Inns: Fischer's, 
 good; Waissnix’s, in Thalhof, 
 higher up, and prettily situated, 
 capital, but dear; both good head¬ 
 quarters for excursions) lies at 
 the foot of the Feuc/her (4525 ft.), 
 overlooked by a new Schloss, an 
 increasing summer resort of the 
 Viennese. Iron-mines and iron¬ 
 works are in the neighbourhood. 
 The Villa Waissnix is a country 
 retreat for the children of the 
 Imperial family. 
 
 Guides for the district may be heard of 
 at either inn; there is a regular tariff. 
 Lorenz Alfons is a botanical guide, living 
 at rrein. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 (a). To Kletsclilai s Monument. 
 This point affords a good general 
 view of the valley and the nitns. 
 round. 
 
 (&). 1 he Preintlial offers very fine 
 scenery in itself; but if traversed 
 to the Gschaid or col at its head, 
 a track may probably be found 
 thence to the summit of the Heu- 
 Jiuppe, the highest peak of the 
 Raxalp. View extends from the 
 Dachstein to Hungary. At the 
 vill. of Prein is a good Inn, Die 
 alte Eklin. To this point good 
 carriage-road; beyond, to the 
 
525 
 
 Rte. 2 ^ 1 .—VIENNA to GBATZ-llAlL 
 
 52 G 
 
 Gschaid, leading down to Ea- 
 ])eUen (Ete. 245), not good. 
 
 (c). The interesting ruins of 
 Schloss Klamm, and the romantic 
 Adliizcjmhcn. The return from 
 these may be made by passing 
 the Fidhenstein Cavern, and down 
 the Preinthal. 
 
 (fZ). A circuit through Glogg- 
 nitz and along a branch road to 
 Ivranichbcrg; thence S.W. across 
 to Schloss Wartenstein, Maria 
 ScJiutz to Schotiicien [Inn: Lamm), 
 from which the return to Glogg- 
 nitz is by the old road. 
 
 (e). Tile Gahns (4959 ft.}; the 
 Miifagstein (4525 ft.), highest 
 peak of the Feuchter; and the 
 Jacohshogel (5797 ft.), highest 
 peak of the Griinschacher, may 
 any or all be climbed for the 
 sake of the varied scenery dis¬ 
 played. 
 
 (/). Ascent of the SeJmeeherg 
 (6809 ft.). This may be effected 
 by taking Excursion g (c. 520 ) 
 the reverse way as far as the 
 Kalteu-asaer, and then following 
 the track pointed out in Excursion 
 h (c. 521 ). It may also be 
 made either from the Inn Baum¬ 
 gartner Haus, at Kaiserhrunnen; 
 from the Inn Zur Singerin, 2 hrs. 
 further; or from the Inn Hdh- 
 bauer, still higher up the Hollen- 
 thal. The last is the most easy. It 
 ascends by way of the Kuhschnee- 
 herg, where is a hut belonging to 
 the innkeeper. Time 7 to 8 hrs. 
 The ascent by Buchberg from 
 the Sierningthal, on the N. side, 
 is, however, preferable to any of 
 these. 
 
 {g). The HolUnilial, a deep 
 valley, with wild rock scenery of 
 a very high order, overlookecl by 
 mountains clothed with firs. Slay 
 be explored in a carriage or on 
 foot. After passing tiie opening 
 into the Prcintlial 1. Hirsclncang is 
 
 reached, a vill. of ironworks, saw¬ 
 mills, many cliarcoal-kilns, and a 
 large dam (Eechen) across the 
 stream to detain the timber. 
 From this point the gorge com¬ 
 mences, sometimes so narrow that 
 the road is carried over a con¬ 
 tinuous floor of planks placed 
 across the stream. About 3 m. 
 farther is Kaiserhrunnen (Inn: 
 not good), in an opening, where a 
 spring of excellent water breaks 
 out at the base of the Schnee- 
 berg. Discovered by the Emp. 
 Charles VI. in 1732, it has, along 
 with two other springs elsewhere, 
 been lately taken possession of 
 by the municipality of Vienna to 
 supply the capital with water. 
 A track here leads up the 
 Krummhachilial rt. for the ascent 
 of the Schneeberg, uniting with 
 that from Buchberg (see above) 
 at the Kaltewasser. 
 
 About 2 m. further is a finger¬ 
 post pointing to the opening into 
 the Grosse Hdllenihal h, a basin 
 shut in by magnificent preci¬ 
 pices, which are a favourite resort 
 of chamois, and an Imperial pre¬ 
 serve. 4 m. beyond, the entrance 
 into the Nasstlial, possessing un¬ 
 usually picturesque scenery, ap¬ 
 pears h, and pleases by its contrast 
 to the sterner Hollenthal. The 
 Inn, Bei derSingerin (good; guides 
 here), is opposite the entrance; 
 Beithof {Inn: Engleitner’s, good, 
 and guides) is the first hamlet in 
 the Nassthal ; and beyond is 
 Oherhof (Inn: Bei Spiess). The 
 entrance into the upper basin is 
 etfected by theSaiiriisselbriicJce laid 
 lengthwise over the stream, where 
 it rushes through the rock barrier 
 separating the two sections of the 
 valley. After i hr. through wood, 
 the upper basin opens to view, 
 shut in by the walls of the Bax- 
 alp and Sclmeealp. A steep path 
 
527 
 
 Bte. 2^1.-VIENNA to GBATZ-RAIL 
 
 52S 
 
 leads to tlie NassJmmp, a saddle 
 between the two; thence by the 
 Ameisenhulil to the Schneealp. 
 In a hut here niglit quarters are 
 to be had. The Windherg, tlie 
 highest peak, is about i hr. ascent 
 from the hut. Vieio very fine of 
 the Plochschwab mass and neigh¬ 
 bouring peaks. From the Sohnee- 
 alp it is 3 hrs. (steep and over 
 gerbll) down to Nenherg (llte. 
 245 ); and from the Nasskamp by 
 the Stcgenbauer’s hut, also 3 hrs. 
 down to Kapdlen (Itte. 245). 
 Tliere is or was much forest in 
 the Nasstlial, tlie property of 
 Count Hoyos. 
 
 The Hollenthal, some little 
 distance beyond, opens out and 
 divides : the rt. branch ascends 
 to a hamlet, Hinterleiten [Inn: 
 Hbhbauer, good). Here the Sonn- 
 leitstein (5600 ft.) is a very fine 
 object W., and the Schiieeberg 
 may be ascended by passing over 
 the Kiihschiieeberg. Beyond, the 
 road leads to the GscJiaid, or col 
 leading to Guttenstoin in the 
 Klosterthal, or turning rt. down 
 to Buchberg (see above). 
 
 The main brancli continues a 
 N. course, about 3 m. beyond the 
 fork, to Schirarzau, a vill. of 
 woodcutters, Protestants. 2 m. 
 farther the road is taken over tlie 
 western ridge to llolienherg, and 
 thence to Lilienfeld in the 
 Traisenthal, and to St. Fblten, on 
 the Vienna and Salzburg rly. 
 ;Rte. 195).] 
 
 Leaving Bayerbach, the rly. 
 ascends S.E. with rajiid incli¬ 
 nation, as if returning, but at a 
 higher level, towards Gloggnii2i, 
 and gaining ns it rises fine views 
 1 . of tlie Gahns, Ftucliter, and 
 Schneeherg. Crossing 4 Graben 
 by as many viaducts, and passing 
 through 2 tunnels,. \ 
 
 Eichberg Stat. is reached. Soon 
 the rly. makes a great bend round 
 the shoulder of the mountain, 
 and, catching a distant glimpse of 
 the Steinfehl ami Lcithagebirge, 
 enters a tunnel. On emerging 
 the traveller looks down upon a 
 narrow valley, up which the 
 Vienna post-road is seen to make 
 its way, passing near a large- 
 cotton-mill, and through the vill. 
 Schottioien {Inn: Lamm), named 
 from an early settlement of Scotch 
 or Irish monks. Above it, on the 
 opposite slope is the pilgrimage 
 ch. of Maria-Schutz. Two castles 
 face each other here: opposite is 
 Schloss Wartenstein, still partly 
 inhabited, and belonging to Count 
 Caraccioli; on this side, the ruins 
 of Schloss Klamm, perched on 
 the top of a precipitous rock. 
 Through 2 more tunnels, and the 
 rly. enters 
 
 Klamm Stat. The ruined < 
 Schloss belongs to Prince Liech¬ 
 tenstein; it dates from the nth 
 cent., and was inhabited till fired 
 by lightning 60 years ago. For¬ 
 wards, W., is the romantic Adlitz- 
 graben. A series of magnificent 
 engineering works now follow in 
 rapid succession — the Klamm 
 tunnel; the viaducts of Jagergrahen 
 and Gamperlgraben, each of 2 
 rows of arches, one above the 
 other; and 4 tunnels cut in the 
 face of the Weinzettelicand, con¬ 
 nected by vaulted galleries of 
 masonry to protect the line from 
 avalanches of snow or stone. 
 
 Breitenstein Stat. The view 
 down into the Adlitzgraben is 
 very charming. Spiess's Inn, and 
 a little chapel and priest’s 
 house in the Swiss style, erected 
 for the rly. labourers, are below. 
 Passing a viaduct, and through 
 
529 
 
 Bte. 2YI.~yiENXA to GltATZ—BAIL. 
 
 530 
 
 2 tunnels, the rly. crosses the 
 grandest viaduct on tlie line, 
 that over the Kalte Binne, on a 
 double tier of arches, together 
 nearly 150 ft. high. Further on, 
 the Adlitzgraben is crossed upon 
 a viaduct, and 3 more tunnels 
 and another viaduct precede the 
 
 2| m. Semmering Stat., at the N. 
 end of the main tunnel, which 
 leads out of Austria into Styria. 
 Looking back is a Vieiv into the 
 Vienna basin and towards Hun¬ 
 gary. In winter the tunnel is 
 protected from the eliects of the 
 freezing of the water which pene¬ 
 trates its roof abundantly, by 
 doors at each end, which are 
 kept closed except when required 
 to be opened for a train. It is 
 lighted with gas. The passage 
 through takes from 6 to 8 minutes. 
 
 Tlje Vienna post-rcl. j^asses over 
 the tunnel, being carried upwards 
 partly by zigzags to a height of 
 3256 ft. Here a monument com¬ 
 memorates its construction in 
 1728 by the Emp. Charles VI. 
 The Inn near (Erzlierzog Johann), 
 is 20 min. from the station. Tlie 
 SonnemvencUtein (4998 ft.) can be 
 ascended in 21 hrs. from the Inn, 
 with guide. From it the whole 
 of the Semmering rly. is visible, 
 and an extensive view towards 
 Styria. 
 
 Emerging fr om the tunnel, the 
 rly. enters the Frdschnitzthal, and 
 crosses 2 viaducts and a bridge to 
 reach 
 
 Spital Stat. The works on this 
 side of the pass are far inferior to 
 those on the N. side. The rly. 
 slopes gradually down to 
 
 0 m. Murzzuschlag Stat. (Jnns: at 
 the Stat.; Brauhaus; Elephant), 
 
 a vill. prettily situated on the 
 Miirz. 
 
 [A carr.-rd. up the Bdbreinthaly 
 through Miirzsteg, passing along 
 the S. base of the Schnee Alp 
 on to Maria Zcll, 33 m., turns off 
 rt. lite. 245.1 
 
 The rly. follows the Miirz, 
 eros,sing it repeatedly, down a 
 pleasant wooded valley, diversi- 
 tied with iron-works, old castles, 
 and villages. 
 
 Langenvyang Stat. If nu 
 
 Krieglach Stat. Further on, 2| m, 
 u]3on the slope, is the old Schloss 
 Mitterdorf: the new one with 
 4 towers is below. 
 
 Kindberg Stat. This small? m. 
 town is overlooked by the Schloss 
 of Count Inzaghi. Marein, a 
 stat., follows. 
 
 Kapfenberg Stat. On th.e top m. 
 of a rock are the picturesque 
 ruins of the Schloss of the same 
 name belonging to Count Stuben- 
 berg. The modern Schloss is 
 near the rd. 
 
 [The valley of the Thorlhach^ 
 hading N. to Aflenz, at the base 
 of the Hochsehwab, and thence 
 through much fine scenery to 
 Alaria Zell, 37^^ rn., diverges rt. 
 lUe. 245.] 
 
 At the point where the Miirz 
 falls into the Mur stands 
 
 Bruck Stat. (Inns: Zum Eiscn- 2 | m. 
 balm, best, close to stat.; Adler • 
 Mitterbrau), a small town in the 
 midst of pretty scenery, with a 
 large square in the centn>, and 
 commanded by the old Schloss 
 Landskron. In the square is a 
 house of 14th or 15 th cent., with 
 good Gothic loggia. 
 
531 
 
 lite. 2^7.—VIENNA to GBATZ—ItAIL. 
 
 532 
 
 [Tlie great rd. to Venice by 
 Klagenfurt (Rte. 250) here sepa¬ 
 rates from the present route to 
 ascend the Mnrthal S.W. The 
 rd. to Eisenerz (Kte. 242) turns off 
 from it at Leoben, ii m. from 
 Bruck.] 
 
 to Looben twice a day; once 
 to Mariazell. I.oJinkutscher to Lcobeii, 
 
 ? fl.; to Vovdernber", 6; Eisenerz, 14; 
 Scewiesen, 10; Moriazcll, 20; Mariazell, 
 by Eisenerz and tVildalpen, 40; Aussee, 
 42; Aussee, by Admont, 50; Ischl, 50; 
 ]scbl, by the GesUuse, 60; Salzburg, by 
 Iscbl, 70; Gaslein, 85 11 . 
 
 The rly. now descends tlie 
 narrow Murthal along the 1 . bank 
 of the stream, and occasionally 
 along the foot of walls of rock; 
 past the while Schloss, Bdrnegg, 
 the name also of a stat., to 
 
 91 m. Mixnitz Stat. In the Eothel- 
 “ stein E. of the vill., and 1500 ft. 
 above it, a stalactite cavern, the 
 DracJieiilwlde, may be visited by 
 a difficult path in i hr. Nume¬ 
 rous fossil remains have been dis¬ 
 covered here. 
 
 7 m. Frohnleiteii Stat., a small 
 market-town on the rt. bank, with 
 iron-works. Schloss Ffannherg, 
 approached by a long avenue, is 
 seen on 1.; and farther on, rt. is 
 Schloss Eahenstein upon a rock, 
 belonging to Prince Liechten¬ 
 stein. 
 
 Be5'ond, the valley seems to be 
 closed by precipitous rocks. One, 
 the Bodelicand, has been cut 
 down to provide a ledge for the 
 rly., which runs upon it under a 
 gallery of 35 open arches. Above 
 this gallery runs the post-road. 
 
 5 m. Peggau Stat. The vill. on 1 . 
 bank faces Feistritz on the oppo¬ 
 site side. Peggau has silver and 
 lead mines. 
 
 Excursion. To the summit of 
 the Schocldherg (4713 ft.), 2 lirs. 
 distant, remarkable for its craleri- 
 form hollows called Wetterldcher. 
 
 The rly. now crosses to W. 
 bank, and passing Stiihing, a Stat., 
 roaches 
 
 Gradwein Stat. 2 m. N.W. 4 £- m. 
 lies the Cistercian Abbey Rein, 
 date 1128. On a wooded hill 
 near is the pilgrimage ch. of 
 Strassengel, with perforated tower, 
 date 1355; said to have been 
 erected by the architect of St. 
 Stephen's, Vienna. 
 
 The valley widens as the rly. 
 approaches 
 
 Judendorf Stat. Near is a cliff 2 f m. 
 overhanging the stream called 
 the Maiden’s Leap (Jungfem- 
 sprungj. Beyond is the castle of 
 Gosling, belonging to Count 
 Attems, once besieged by the 
 Turks, and now a place of resort 
 from Gratz. Further on is Schloss 
 Eggenhurg, the property of Count 
 Herberstein; in its chapel is a 
 monumental tablet of a Countess, 
 by Cr.nova. 
 
 The hills retire and give place 
 to a beautiful and fertile plain 5 m. 
 broad, 20 long, in the centre of 
 which is the SchJossberg, and 
 clustering at its feet is the to^vn 
 of 
 
 Gratz Stat., 1140 ft. {Inns: oii 4 | m. 
 the rt. bank of the Mur 15 min. 
 from the stat.— Elephant, ist 
 class, excellent; Goldnes Eoss, 
 and Florian, 2nd class, good ; the 
 latter much resorted to by priests : 
 on the 1 . bank — Erzherzog 
 Johann, ist class, exorbitant, 
 civil; Stadt Trieste; Goldne 
 Krone : XJngar Krone', the capi¬ 
 tal of Styria, with 63,000 Inhab., 
 the seat of a university, the re- 
 
nie. 2 ^ 7 .—VIENNA to GBATZ—EAIL. 
 
 534 
 
 533 
 
 « 
 
 sicicnce cf the Bishop of Seckan, 
 and the place of meeting- of the 
 Styrian Estates, pleasantly situ¬ 
 ated on both banks of the Mm*, 
 which are connected by 2 w'ooden 
 and 2 chain-bridges. It used to 
 be the paradise of retired officials 
 and military men from its cheap 
 living; many such live here still, 
 but the cheapness has very much 
 diminished. Since 1848 five new 
 streets have been formed ; one of 
 them connects the rly. stat. with 
 the town. 
 
 The Schlossherg rises 400 ft. 
 above the IMur, and is ascended 
 from the Carm cliterplatz. Its forti¬ 
 fications, originally erected against 
 the Turks, were in 1809 destroyed 
 by the French. The hill is now 
 converted into a place of public 
 recreation. From the top, and 
 especially from the stat. of the 
 Fireicatch, is- an agreeable pano¬ 
 rama of the town and country : 
 N. is the Schocklbcrg ; N.W. the 
 Styrian Alps (IIochschwab''i; S.W. 
 the Koralpe ; and S. the Bacher- 
 gebirge. Here is a statue of 
 General Baron von Wclden (date 
 1859), and a fine clock-tower. 
 The Mur, whose course may be 
 followed by the eye to a con¬ 
 siderable distance, often inun¬ 
 dates its banks; the bridges at 
 Gratz have been repeatedly de¬ 
 stroyed by it, and the Murvor- 
 stadt laid under water. 
 
 The Churches are not remark¬ 
 able : the Gothic Bom, date 1446, 
 has a noticeable \V. portal, in 
 Avhich 1 . are the Austrian arms 
 and the motto of its builder 
 Frederick IV., and rt. those of 
 his wife Eleanor of Portugal. At 
 the entrance to the choir arc 
 some relics of saints. In the 
 Stadfpfarrhirche (Herrengasse) is 
 an altarpiccc by Tintoretto. 
 
 Near the Dom is the Mau¬ 
 
 soleum —key with Dom-Sacristan 
 —of the Emi3. Ferdinand II. (died 
 1637), a neglected chapel in the 
 Italian style; a slab at the side 
 marks his grave. In a vault 
 beneath lie his father the Arch¬ 
 duke Charles II. (died i5 90),~and 
 his mother, a relentless ])ersc- 
 cutor of the Protestants. Maria 
 Theresa of Savoy, wife of Charles 
 X. of France (diod 1803), is buried 
 here. Here too the Archduke 
 John (died 1859) is temporarily 
 laid; but his remains are in¬ 
 tended eventually to rest in 
 Schloss Tirol near Meran. They 
 arc without a monument. 
 
 The Cemeteries are outside of 
 the town; crowded Vvith dead. 
 In St. Peter’s, Gen. von Weldeu 
 is interred; and in St. Leon¬ 
 hard’s, Gen. Ilaynau. 
 
 In front of the Theoire, one of 
 the best in the provinces, is a 
 statue of the Emp. Francis I., by 
 klarchcsi of Milan, in the robes 
 of the Golden Fleece. 
 
 The Landhaus (Herrengasse), 
 date 1569, was till 1848 the 
 place of meeting of the Styrian 
 Estates. It contains the Ducal 
 Hat, worn by the Emperor when 
 he receives the allegiance of the 
 Styrians. One wing is used as 
 an Arsenal^ and contains many 
 thousand suits of old rusty armour. 
 
 The Itatlihaus is in the Haupt- 
 wachplatz. In front the ring¬ 
 leader in the great rising of the 
 peasants was beheaded in 1516. 
 
 The Johanneum (Eaubergassc) 
 is an institution founded by the 
 Archduke John, 1811, for the en¬ 
 couragement of the arts, sciences, 
 and manufactm’es in Styria. In 
 it gratuitous lectures are delivered 
 by professors; it has a Lihrary 
 of 53,000 vols., and a Natural 
 History Museum. Its mineral- 
 ogieal collection is very rich. 
 

 r,te. 2 \ 1 .—VIENNA to GBATZ-EAIL 
 
 
 and the specimens deserve notice 
 for tlieir beauty and excellent 
 arrangement. A Botanical Gar¬ 
 den is attached to the IMuseum ; 
 and a farm for Agricultural Ez- 
 perinients lies near the rly. stat. 
 
 In tlie Reading-room to the 
 Jolianneum are many newspapers; 
 strangers introduced have 14 days’ 
 free admission. The Bessoiirce 
 (Albreclitsgasse') is an establish¬ 
 ment upon the plan of a London 
 club; has a good restaurant and 
 fine suite of rooms; strangers must 
 be introduced by a member. 
 
 There is a Picture-gcdlery near 
 the Postplatz. It does not contain 
 inuch of importance ; among the 
 pictures are Tiiians Bathsheba 
 in the Bath ; Raima VeccMo's IMa- 
 donna; portrait of Mary of Bur¬ 
 gundy, wife of Kaiser IMax I., 
 by Cranach', a Tintoretto', and a 
 bust of Gen. Haynau. 
 
 The Emp. Ferdinand II. was 
 born in the Burg, and the Ori¬ 
 entalist von Hammer, Baron Purg- 
 stall (died 1856), was a native. 
 
 Gratz possesses 2 good Cafe's: 
 Cafe IMeran in the Fischplatz, 
 and Cafe Heinzer in the Herren- 
 gasso. It is supplied with ex¬ 
 cellent beer from Vienna; has 
 several kinds of good native ivhie 
 —the Luttenberger the strongest, 
 and several good Hungarian 
 wines; and is noted for its 
 iiu’keys and capons. 
 
 The lowest fare for a Fialcer is 
 63 kr.; Lohnhutscher are nume¬ 
 rous; the usual hire is 16 flor. a 
 day. including back fare. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 a. To the ruins of Sehloss Cos¬ 
 ting, 3 m. N., near the rly. See 
 ahive. 
 
 h. To the Schuchlhcrg (4713 
 E. of Peggau, and 4I lirs. from 
 
 Gratz. Extensive view. Ste 
 above. 
 
 c. To Sehloss Eggenberg, not 
 far from rly. stat., at the foot of 
 the Geisberg, a large quadrangu¬ 
 lar building with 3 courts, and a 
 tower at each corner. Passed in 
 16th cent, by marriage from the 
 Eggenbergs to the Herbcrstcins. 
 a"" favourite place of Sunday 
 resort. 
 
 d. To the Schicanberg Alp, or 
 Kor Alp Spitze (7009 ft.\ morfi 
 vsualhj ascended from Wolfsberg,. 
 Lavantthal, see Rte. 253. Take 
 the 8 A.M. train on the Koflach 
 line as far as Liboch, 9 m. A post- 
 stell wagon in correspondence with 
 the train takes the traveller in 
 3 hrs. to Stainz (Inn: Stoger’s, 
 good). After 2 hrs. stay it pro¬ 
 ceeds by Landsberg in i hr. to 
 Schicanberg 'Inn: Bei Grasser,. 
 good . The next day early, with 
 Fellner, a good guide, by Gressen- 
 berg and Sta. Maria in 5 hrs. to 
 Forsthaus Bcirenthal, where re¬ 
 freshments may be had. Thence 
 by Ilirschtietzen—h'om. which a 
 grand view looking down on the 
 source of the Su.hn—m 3 hrs. to 
 the summit. Vietv extensive : — 
 down the Lavantthal S., and 
 beyond, the Petschenkogl, with 
 the peaks of the Caldron of the 
 Steiner Alp behind it; Klagen- 
 furt with the Morther See; the 
 range of the Sau Alpe opposite; 
 N.W. theGrossglockner and other 
 snow-peaks ; N. the Hochschwab; 
 N.E. the SchCcklberg and Gratz ; 
 and E. and S.E. the Hungarian and 
 Croatian plains. Sometimes called 
 the Speihh'ogl, from the abundance 
 of Valeriana celtica found upon it. 
 Several interesting plants grow 
 here, such as Silene pumilio,. 
 Mxhringia- dicersifolia, Senecio 
 cordatus, Saussurea alpina. Cam¬ 
 panula alpina, &c. 
 
537 
 
 Ille. ‘14:S.—G11ATZ to TIUE8TE—RAIL 
 
 538 
 
 The return to Gratz may be 
 made the same way ; or, by de¬ 
 scending tlie valley of the Sulm 
 (Rte. 253) to Leibnitz (Rte. 248), 
 on the rly. 21 m. S. of Gratz. 
 Char from Schwanbcrg to Leib¬ 
 nitz, 4 fl,, in 4 hrs. 
 
 Shonld the traveller wish to go 
 forwards into Carinthia, he can 
 descend the W. side of the Kor 
 Spitzein 3 hrs. to Wolfsherg (Inn: 
 Pfundner’s, fail’), with Count Hen¬ 
 kel’s fine new Schloss (Ilte. 253). 
 Thence the post goes at 4 a.m. 
 over the Grilfnerberg in 3 hrs. to 
 Griffen, where are ruins of a 
 Schloss upon a lofty isolated 
 rock, and by Volkermarld to 
 Klagenfurt in 5 hrs. more (^Etes. 
 253 and 250). 
 
 [A branch rly., made for the 
 transport of hroicn coal, leads 
 from Gratz S. to Frerastetten, and 
 then turns at a rt. angle up the 
 Kainachthal N.W. to Kojlach, 
 26 m., in 2 hrs. Thence is a road 
 over the GraJbensattel ft-) 
 
 N.W., and down to Judenhurg in 
 the Murthal, 27 m. (Rte. 250). 
 Or, by a stellwagen in corre¬ 
 spondence to Wolfsberg S.W. in 
 the Lavantthal (Rte. 253)]. 
 
 Rte. 248.—GBATS to LAI¬ 
 BACH and TRIESTE (Ely.); 
 with. Excursions to the Quick¬ 
 silver MINES of IDEIA, the 
 LAKE of ZIRKNITZ, and the 
 CAVES of ADELSBEEG and 
 PLANINA. 
 
 GRATZ to 
 
 EXG. >r. 
 
 
 EXG. If. 
 
 JIaiburg 
 
 - 40 f 
 
 Nabresina 
 
 . 4 oi 
 
 Cilli . . 
 
 • 4^?^ 
 
 Trieste . 
 
 . 12 
 
 Stciiibruck 
 
 . i 6 i 
 
 
 — 
 
 Ijaibach 
 
 . 
 
 
 230 
 
 Adelsberg 
 
 . 4 oi 
 
 
 -— 
 
 Trains 3 times daily; express in 
 9} hrs.; the 2 othens in ii| and 145 hrs. 
 For further particulars see ilto. 247. 
 
 Owing to unusual engineering 
 difficulties nearly 15 years (1843 
 to 1857) were consumed in con¬ 
 structing the rly. (Karst-balm) 
 between Laibach and Trieste. 
 
 The influence of a southern 
 climate begins to be felt at Gratz. 
 
 The rly. runs S. parallel to the 
 course of the Mur, and across the 
 plain to 
 
 Karlsdorf Stat. Rt. is Schloss m. 
 Premstetten, belonging to Count 
 Saurau; the mtns. in the distance 
 W. separate Carinthia from 
 Styria. Beyond 1 . is Schloss 
 Weisseneck, belonging to a Vien¬ 
 nese. 
 
 Wildon Stat., where the Kai- 7 | m. 
 nach stream joins the Mur, and 
 the Gratz Feld ends. On rt. 
 bank of Mur the ruins of Schloss 
 Ohtr Wtldon on a rock 600 ft. 
 above the stream, where the 
 astronomer Tycho Brahe' made 
 observations. The new chateau, 
 with towers, belongs to Baron 
 Claudius. 
 
‘P-lM tMM Ki.|50 ^|l_, 
 
 539 
 
 Rle. 2\8.— GIiATZ to TRIESTE—HAIL. 510 
 
 m, Letiring Stat. Here the Leih- 
 nitzer Feld (102,900 acres) opens 
 out. 
 
 m. Leibnitz Stat., supposed to he 
 the Ivoman Marcola. Et. is the 
 chateau of the iDrince-hishop of 
 Seckau on a ^YOoded hill; 1 . 
 Schloss Lcibecli. After crossing 
 a remarkable trellis-bridge over 
 the Sulm, where it joins the Mur, 
 the rly. runs to 
 
 m. Ehrenbausen Stat. Upon a 
 wooded height is Count Attem’s 
 Schloss of same name ; and near, 
 a Mausoleum of one of the Eggen- 
 hergs. The rly. now runs along 
 the foot of the liills to 
 
 m. Spielfeld Stat., where is a 
 Schloss of Prince Eggenherg, 
 once the Duchess of Berry's. 
 About 5 m. distant across the 
 plain N.E. is Schloss Brunnsee, 
 now belonging to the Duchess. 
 
 [From this stat. Eil- and Stell- 
 wagens go in 4 hrs. N.E. to Bad 
 Gleichenherg, known to the Eo- 
 mans, and since 1834 much re¬ 
 sorted to. One of the springs 
 (Constantine’s) is briny and alka¬ 
 line without Eon ; the 2 others 
 are strongly chalybeate, with car¬ 
 bonic acid. Above, on a rock 
 inaccessible on 3 sides, is the old 
 Schloss belonging to the Traut- 
 mannsdorf family, and still in¬ 
 habited. 2 hrs. N. on the N. 
 side of the Eaab is the very re¬ 
 markable old hill-fort Riegershiirg, 
 perched on a mass of volcanic 
 conglomerate 400 ft. above the 
 Eaab, a conspicuous object from' 
 far and near. A winding road' 
 cut in the rock leads through 7 
 distinct gateways into the castle. 
 The Chapel contains the burial- 
 vault of the Purgstall family, and 
 an altarpiece by Krafit. It is 
 
 the only Styrian castle that re¬ 
 sisted all the attacks of the 
 Turks]. 
 
 The rly. now quits the IMur. 
 which flows on S.E. to join the 
 Drave, to cross a range of steep 
 hills—the Blatscliberg,OT Windisclt 
 Biiolieln —sej^arating the Mur from 
 the Drave. At 
 
 Possnitz Stat., it passes over a? m. 
 viaduct of 64 arches, and 2100 ft. 
 long, and soon after through a 
 tunnel of nearly similar length to 
 
 Marburg Stat. (Inns: StadtP;^ m. 
 Mcran, near the stat.; Stadt 
 Wien), a dull town, the 2nd in 
 Styria, on the 1 . bank of the 
 Drave (Germ Drau), at the foot 
 of the Bachergebirge, and at the 
 northern comer of a triangular 
 plain which extends S.E. to Pet- 
 tau —the Pettauer Feld. In its 
 neighhoiuliood excellent wines — < 
 
 Picherer, Radiseller, &c. — are 
 grown. 
 
 [A branch rly., opened June, 
 
 1863, runs up the valley of the 1 
 Drave W. to Klagenfurt in 5 hrs., [ 
 and to Yillach in hr. moix*. / 
 One train daily each way. See 
 Etc. 253]. ‘ \ 
 
 The rly. crosses the Drave oir 
 a trellis-bridge, and over the % 
 plain to / 
 
 Kranichsfeld Stat. 7 m. ■ 
 
 Pragerhof Stat. 4 f mr 
 
 [A rly., opened in i86t, from | ; 
 Pest (Ofen\ by Stuhlweissenburg 1 ^ 
 and Kanisza, falls in here ; 209 m. 
 in 10^- hrs.] ' 4V 
 
 The line soon leaves the Pet- ’V 
 tauer Feld, takes to hill country, 
 and reaches 
 
 PSltscbacb Stat, at the foot of 9 |^ n. 
 
rAU)K()^ OF THE STKlNt:U Ai.r 
 
 l*^t o£* 
 
 Sataitz PJat^au 
 
 'Ik-iihIo:*!' 
 
 (ihnu’Jce 
 
 ^ai‘2oi®ae] 
 
 
 li trt*'' 
 
 <ri 
 
 rti|l!',l''!*''I^ 
 
 : 1 ..»A*4 
 
 'B'iidA 
 
 
 AeM'g 
 
 -iJlStHajl.a ''ifA ’ 
 
 Voiliz 
 
 '^,tft!i,l/rtt,i. 
 
 Ler»] 
 
 
 ,' ■■ ,;.• • -vi-^ 
 
 iiuit-sfh. 
 
 ''"iii.tii.iHM, ,f.' 
 
 ACfl 
 
 Htnnfhnijf 6’<w' Krtah T 
 
 Kii”lisli Sial -Miles 
 
 c* 
 
 Loluion : John Murren' 
 
 FROM 
 
511 
 
 Rte. 2‘iS.—GBATZ to TRIESTE—RAIL, 
 
 512 
 
 the Wotsclw (3128 ft.}, in pretty 
 scenery. 
 
 f A bout 12 m. S.E. is Rohifscli, 
 a watering-place on the Croatian 
 frontier, of considerable repute, 
 much resorted to by Croatian and 
 Servian nobility, and established 
 CountAttems. 400,000 bottles 
 of the water arecxported annually. 
 N. lies the Donahherg (2899 ? 
 
 often ascended for its view; upon 
 it in the Eoinan period was a 
 Temple to the Sun.] 
 
 The German language begins 
 to give place to Slovenic (Geim. 
 Windisch). 
 
 The rly. goes through a tunnel 
 in the ridge to which the Wotsche 
 and Donatiberg belong, and winds 
 about in a hilly district partly 
 covered with wood, partly with 
 maize and vines, past the stats. 
 Ponigl, Sf. Georgen, and Store. 
 Then suddenly emerging into 
 more open country, there is a 
 charming View rt. of a plain 
 watered by the Sann, with 3 
 rows of irregular hills 011 its 
 border rising one above another. 
 
 211 m. Cilli Stat. {Inns: Krone; Bahn- 
 hof Eestauration; Zum Mohren, 
 and 3 others), a very ancient 
 town on the Sann, at the 
 E. corner of another triangular 
 plain. Founded by the Emp. 
 Claudius, and named Claudia 
 Celleia. In the town walls are 
 many Eoman remains and bas- 
 reliefs. A side chapel attached 
 to the nave of the parish 
 ch. deserves notice for its rich 
 Gothic. Upon a height near are 
 the ruins of the hill-fort Oher-Cilli, 
 the residence of the once powerful 
 Counts of Cilli. The Emp. Frede¬ 
 rick III. took refuge in it, 1450. 
 The wine-growers of the Lower 
 
 Save in Hungary bring their 
 produce to Cilli for sale. 
 
 [From Cilli the Sann may be 
 ascended to its source in the 
 Caldron of the Sannthaler, or Stei¬ 
 ner Alp, a basin with lofty peaks 
 of limestone and dolomite rising 
 out of its rirn, and comprising 
 the finest scenery in the Kara- 
 wankas. Its highest peak is the 
 Grioitouz Vrh, or Grintovetsch 
 (8386 ft.). See Ete. 243 a. A 
 carriage may be taken to Leitusch 
 (Inn: good), 17 m., and on to Laii- 
 fen [Inn: Penkarosst, decent), 
 
 12 m, further, where the carriage- 
 road ends. Thence the path con¬ 
 tinues, past Leutschdorf, through 
 the “ Needle*s Eye,” to Sidzbach 
 (Inn) in the Caldron, about 13 m. 
 
 As the traveller advances up the 
 Sannthal the great mass of the 
 Raducha, E. of Sulzbach, apj^ears 
 again and again in view, for¬ 
 wards]. 
 
 The rly., on leaving Cilli, enters 
 the naiTow defile occupied by the 
 green Sann, between rocks and 
 slopes covered with "wood, rising 
 sometimes 1000 ft. above the 
 stream. White chapels and chs. 
 appear on the summit of the hills ; 
 a Slovenic characteristic. 
 
 Tufifer Stat. A watering-place 7 m. 
 newly built after a fire in 1840. 
 
 Eomerhad Stat. A watering-4f m, 
 place known to the Eomans (Slo¬ 
 venic Teplitz), in a charming situ¬ 
 ation, with old and new bath- 
 liouses and gardens; a place of 
 fashionable resort, much visited 
 from Trieste. 
 
 Steinbruck Stat., where th’elf rm 
 Sann falls into the Save (Germ. 
 
 Sau). Cliffs rise around capped 
 
o43 
 
 Jlte. 2^S.—GIIATZ to TRIESTE—RAIL. 
 
 544 
 
 with trees, reminding the tra¬ 
 veller of IMatlock, 
 
 CA rh from Agram, tlie capital 
 of Croatia, by Rann and Gurkfeld, 
 fulls in here; 474 m. in 22 
 
 The rly. crosses the Sann just 
 above its junction with the Save, 
 by a curvilinear viaduct of pecu¬ 
 liar construction, 250 ft. above 
 the river, and—keeping on the 
 banks of the Save — enters its 
 narrow defile, which is shut in 
 fine limestone cliffs, often 
 leaving but width for stream and 
 rly. For upwards of i hr.—as 
 far as Sava—this scenery con¬ 
 tinues. 
 
 The Stats. Jlrastnujrj and Trif- 
 fail are passed. 
 
 OJm. Sagor Stat. Near is the 
 boundary between Styria and 
 Carniola. 
 
 4 | m. Sava Stat. Here the valley 
 opens. The white Scliloss Bono- 
 wicz belongs to HeiT Ehrenreich 
 of Vienna. 
 
 4 f m. Littai Stat. The rly. crosses 
 the Save by a trellis-bridge here, 
 and then t!)reads a short tunnel 
 under Scbloss Soganegg. 
 
 The Stats. Kressnitz and Loose 
 follow. At tlie junction of the 
 Laibach with the Save the rly. 
 abandons the latter river, and 
 crosses the Laibach to its rt. bank. 
 
 14 J m. Salloch. Stat., where it enters 
 upon the plain, and runs a W. 
 course to 
 
 4 |m. Laibach Stat. (Jnns: 1 st class : 
 Stadt Wien, good; Elephant, 
 good; zum Wilden Mann ; Baier- 
 isclienhof ) Slov. Ljuhljama, Ital. 
 Luhiamo, the capital of the 
 duchy of Carniola, with 22,000 
 Inhab., clustered round its Schloss- 
 
 berg, an isolated hill, sur¬ 
 rounded by Gruber's canal and 
 tlie river Laibach, which arc 
 crossed by six bridges. Recently 
 a series of new buildings have 
 been erected in the direction of 
 the rly. stat. 
 
 Laibach is the (Eniona of tho' 
 Romans, destroyed 452 a.d. by 
 Attila, and in 550 re-established 
 by the Slovenes (who then made 
 their first appearance in Carniola), 
 under tho name of Lnha. In the 
 9th centy. the Franks changed 
 the name to Laibach, and in 1275 
 Carniola came to the House of 
 Hupsburg. There are the re¬ 
 mains of a Roman xcall in the 
 Cracow suburb. To protect the 
 city and castle from the incur¬ 
 sions of Venetians and Turks 
 they were in the 15 th centy. for¬ 
 tified, but the works were re¬ 
 moved in the i8th and 19th 
 cents. Traces of them remain 
 on the 
 
 Sclilossberg, which rises upwards 
 of 200 ft. above the river. The 
 Schloss upon it is now a prison. 
 Ascended from more than one 
 point. View very extensive for 
 so small an elevation. N.W. the 
 Terglou (Slov. Triglav) and other 
 Julian Alps; N. the KaraicanJcas, 
 from the Miftagskogl (Slov. Kepa) 
 1 . to the Menina Planina rt., with 
 the peaks of the Steiner Alp in 
 the centre of the line; and S. and 
 S.W. the Laibach Morass with its 
 wooded mountain border-land, 
 dotted with vills. along its line 
 of junction with the level sur¬ 
 face. Rising behind the girdle, 
 due S. is the Sneznih (5529 ft.), 
 the culminating and solitary 
 peak of the Sclmeeberg plateau in 
 the Karst; and S. W. the Nanos 
 (4249 ft.\ the highest point of 
 the Birnbaumer Wald plateau. 
 
 Laibach stands in the nar- 
 
545 
 
 Rte. 2 i 8 .-GRATZ to TRIESTE—RAIL. 
 
 54 G 
 
 rows (t| 111. wide) uniting two 
 divisions of a great Rlain, 
 the modern representative of 
 what was once the largest lake 
 in the Alps. Its northern section 
 has been tilled up and converted 
 into fertile corn and pasture land, 
 by the abundant deposits of the 
 Save and its affluents from the Ka¬ 
 ra wankas. But the niOKe southern 
 portion, bordering on the Karst, 
 which, on account of its subter¬ 
 raneous watercourses, furnishes 
 but little sedimentary material, 
 was probably a lake long after 
 the other part was dry land. The 
 finding of a canoe and some 
 other relics in the turf appears 
 to indicate that it was in this con¬ 
 dition even wiiliin the human 
 period. 
 
 Hills, isolated and in groups, 
 rise like islands out of the level 
 surface. The lai’gest group — 
 that of the Gross Gallenherg 
 (2157 f^iid Vransica (2094 ft. j 
 —separates the northern plain 
 into } sections, called the Krain- 
 hurger, Steiner, and Laibach levels. 
 In the Morass, too, to S., are 9 islets 
 of firm land. The Morass used to 
 be a great resort for v/ater-fowl 
 in winter, but ngricullure is gra¬ 
 dually rendering it a thing of the 
 past. In 1780 Gruber’s canal 
 was cut; and since 1830 the la¬ 
 bours of drainage and cultivation 
 have continuously progressed, 
 improving the health of the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 One of the social peculiarities 
 of the district is the number of 
 churches tchich apioear on the 
 summits of the hills and moun¬ 
 tains. There are few less than 
 3000 ft. high, unprovided with 
 them. Nowhere has the moun¬ 
 tain-worship of antiquity been 
 preserved down to the present 
 time in so striking a manner as 
 
 Kq), Tyr. & Alps. 
 
 im the Slovenic portion of the 
 Alps. 
 
 The Churches are not lemark- 
 able. The Durnhirche (St.Nicolas 1 
 is in the Italian style, with 6 cha¬ 
 pels ; its interior renewed in 
 j 859. The present building, date 
 1707, stands on the site of older 
 ones destroyed by fire, the first 
 being a small ch. built 745, by 
 the fisht rmen, to the lionour of 
 their pation saint St. Nicolas of 
 Myra There is a good deal of 
 fresco-painting: that in tlie roof 
 of the nave and in the presbytery 
 by the Italian artist Quaglia,. 
 whose portiait wall be found in 
 the first fiesco in the presbytery 
 rt., and in the upper rt. hand 
 corner; that in the cupola is by 
 Langus. Ti e author of those in 
 the 6 cliHpfds is not known. The 
 Church of the Teutonic Order, date 
 1714, stands wlure a Roman tern- 
 l^le to Neptune stood, and in 1292 
 a ch. of the Templars. In the 
 Klngenfurt Strasse is a Protestant 
 ch., date r'-5 i. 
 
 The other principal buildings 
 are :—the Burg, the residence of 
 the Stattholuer of the province; 
 the Landluius, restored i85 9 ; the 
 Bishops Palace; the RathhauSy 
 date 1717; and the Lyceum, a 
 large quadrangle, containing the 
 Gyinnasium, liealschule, Mu¬ 
 seum (good collections). Library, 
 and collections of the Historical 
 Socii ty. 
 
 In the Congress Plcdz —named 
 after the Congress held here in 
 1821 —are some of the be.-t build¬ 
 ings in tlie city, ami WieRadetzlaj 
 Monument, erected i860. In the 
 llaupt Platz, a fountain by the 
 Venet an artibt Robba, date r 733. 
 
 Tj.ert! is a Botanical Garden 
 near the bridge, over Gruber’s 
 Canal, and tlie custos of the Mu- 
 I seum is a botanist. 
 
 T 
 
547 
 
 Rte. 2 -k^.— GBATZ to TRIESTE—BAIL. 
 
 548 
 
 Herr Schmidt’s private collec¬ 
 tions (Schischka, No. 76) are re¬ 
 markable as contuiniiif? a com¬ 
 plete series of tlie Alollusca and 
 Insects found in the cams and 
 grottoes of Garniola. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 a. By the Lettermanns-Alice 
 and over the Schischkaherg. On 
 the Krainbnrg rd., | hr. distant. 
 The plain, morass, and bordering 
 mtns. are viewed from another 
 point than from the Schlossberg. 
 From the Schischkaberg is seen 
 S. Count Aiiersperg's fine Schloss 
 Sonnegg: the return may be made 
 by Rosenbach, lying in a very 
 pretty position. 
 
 h. To Dobrava. Take the rd. 
 to Ober Laibach as far as Waitscli; 
 then the rd. rt. as far as an 
 inn, where an interesting, rocky, 
 wooded valley opens W., leading 
 past Schloss Slrobelhof to Do¬ 
 brava; and beyond to i?(ZZic- 7 i^rafe. 
 It is advisable to take provisions 
 ^for the day from Laibach. 
 
 c. To Schloss Kaltenbrunn, 2 m. 
 E. of the city, by Stephansdorf, 
 Bisovik, and then over a bridge. 
 Built in 1528, and now belonging 
 to Herr Teipinz. Experiments 
 for improving the native race of 
 cattle, and other agricultural ex¬ 
 periments, carried on h'ere. 
 
 d. To Stein and the Steiner 
 Alio. Stein [Inns)—about 15 m. 
 distant—is approached by the 
 Vienna rd., and turning off from 
 it 1 . at Tersain. Several castles 
 and ruins in pucturesque positions 
 are passed. Of old it served as a 
 pff ace of refuge from the Turks. See 
 a curious small ch. near the ruins 
 of a fort, consisting of 3 chapels 
 built one above the other, the 
 oldest and lowest once a heathen 
 temple. Vieiv from this point 
 magnificent. There is a car- 
 
 track up the Feistritz Thai N., 
 on 1. bank of the stream—abund¬ 
 ance of trout—to its source at the 
 Furstentafel, in a very wild and 
 romantic basin at the foot of the 
 Rinka or Skuta Vrh (^8296 ft.). 
 Here a track by the Ursicalp 
 (2032 ft.) leads over a sattel rt. 
 between the Brana and Veliku 
 Planjava, xlown into the Logar 
 Thai, in the caldron of the Steiner 
 Alp, and to Sulzbach (Rte. 243 a). 
 There is also a rd., probably now 
 completed, from Stein, N.E.,over 
 the ridge to Oberburg in Styria, 
 about 12 m.; and thence into the 
 Sann Thai, a little below Laufen, 
 and so to Oilli. {See Gilli in this 
 roide.) 
 
 e. To the Wochein (Slov. Boilin') 
 and Julian Alps. To Krainbnrg, 
 N.W., 17 m.,by St. Veit and Zwi- 
 schenwdssern,\vbQxe the Zeier falls 
 into the Save, and in the distance 
 1 . is Gortschach, a summer retreat 
 of the Bishop of Laibach, once 
 a seat of the Margraves of Krain- 
 burg, in the period of Frankish 
 domination, 972. Beyond, 5 m. 
 
 l . is the town of Laack, at the 
 entrance into the mntns. From 
 Krainbnrg to Radmannsdorf, 14 
 
 m. , and thence to Veldes {Inn: 
 Petranka’s), about 4 m. more. 
 (Sec Rte. 25 r.) 
 
 In leaving Laibach the rlv. 
 takes a S.W. direction, soon cross¬ 
 ing the Trieste rd., and then the 
 Gradachza by an iron bridge, and 
 at first not venturing far from 
 the W. edge of the morass. But 
 opposite the islets of firm ground 
 called Ausser and Inner Goriza, 
 it crosses the worst portion upion 
 a stone causeivay m. long, and 
 beyond S. to the foot of the Trauer- 
 berg. The morass consists of 
 about 6 ft. of turf floating upon 
 from 12 to 50 ft. of fluid mud. 
 
549 
 
 llte. 2 iS.—GRATZ to TRIESTE—IDRIA 
 
 550 
 
 which itself moves upon solid 
 sand and clay. Below tliat is 
 rock. A Viaduct of ic, double 
 arches, 2000 ft. long and 124 high, 
 spanning a lateral valley, which 
 here opens upon the Morass, is 
 crossed to 
 
 14 | m. Franzdorf Stat. The rly. now 
 sweeps round tlie sides of the hills, 
 affording magnificent views of 
 the plain below dotted witli vills. 
 About 5 m. further Oher-Laibach 
 and Ilrieh are passed at a little 
 distance on rt. Here the Laibach 
 stream issues a full-grown river 
 from the foot of the Eakonitz- 
 berg. It is believed to be the 
 same river that rises at St. Peter, 
 disapi^ears as the Poih in the 
 Adelsberg Grotto, reappears at 
 Planina, and becomes the Unz: 
 and after a short course disap¬ 
 pears again S. of Loitsch. 
 
 m. Unter Loitsch Stat. (Inn: Stadt 
 Trieste, or Post, very good). With 
 this place a bare district begins. 
 
 [From this point Idri€t{i() m.) 
 and its Quichsilver - mines may 
 most conveniently be visited. 
 
 Time 4 hrs. there and 4 back, on a 
 hilly id.; car 6 to 8 fl. 3 to 4 hrs. is 
 sufficient to view the place and the 
 mines. iS^o post stat. 
 
 Idria {Inns: Schwarzer Adler; 
 zur Krone; zur eisernen Krone) 
 lies in the depths of a basin on 
 the river Idriza, which joins the 
 Isouzo W. below Tolmein. Tlie 
 descent upon it by a. zigzag rd. 
 striking. For the general view 
 visit the Caharienberg or the 
 Schloss Getverhenegg, where the 
 mining offices are, and where ap¬ 
 plication must be made to visit 
 the mines, and i florin paid. 
 
 The discover}' of the metal was 
 made accidentally in 1497 • 
 
 15 TO the mines were for a short 
 time in the hands of the Vene¬ 
 tians, but were taken from them 
 by the Emp. Maximilian I. In 
 1803 th.ey suffered from a fire 
 which could only be extinguished 
 by drowning the workings. In 
 1837 ^^cy were in danger from a 
 flood of water. The last misfor¬ 
 tune was a fire in 1846. After 
 those of Almaden in Spain they 
 are the richest quicksilver-mines 
 in Europe. 
 
 The entrance to the Mines is 
 near the Schloss, where suits of 
 miners’ clothes are provided for 
 strangers. It is tolerably clean ; 
 most of the passages are vaulted 
 with masonry ; and the descent is 
 easy by 75 7 steps hewn in the rock, 
 and free from danger. Worked 
 by 9 horizontal galleries (Felder) 
 in tiers, one below the other, 
 whence levels radiate to the 
 
 ends’' or workings (Hoffnungs- 
 schlagen). There arc 5 vertical 
 shafts, up one of which, the Bar¬ 
 bara shaft, visitors are drawn. 
 In some of the “ ends ” the tem¬ 
 perature rises to 86° Fahr.: the 
 greatest depth attained is about 
 140 fathoms. The ore occurs in 
 a black, fossiliferous, slaty, Jura 
 limestone, in the form both of 
 cinnabar ( sulphuret), sometimes 
 containing 70 per cent, of metal, 
 and of native quichsilver. 
 
 The processes of icashing, breah- 
 ing up, and smelting the ore are 
 also shown to strangers. 
 
 The Furnaces ai’e a mile below 
 the town, and chiefly used in 
 winter, when the deposits from 
 the noxious sulphureous vapours 
 fall on the snow and get washed 
 away in spring. 
 
 A Roasting-house (Brennofen) 
 consists of 13 compartments with 
 the furnace in the centre, which 
 is provided with stages of grid- 
 
 T 2 
 
 
551 
 
 Tite. 2 ^S.—GBATZ to TRIESTE-ADELSBERa. 
 
 552 
 
 iron?!, on wliicli the ore is laid. 
 Heat being applied, the vapour 
 laden with particles of metal cau 
 only make its escape t..rough 
 holes into the compartments on 
 each side, and as it cools, by pass¬ 
 ing into the remoter chambers, 
 falls to the floor in small globules, 
 which are afterwards separated 
 from the soot and stored in 
 reservoirs. There are two kinds 
 of roasting-houses; in the one 
 sort both coarse and fine, in the 
 other only fine ore can be roasted. 
 The metal is either p-ocked 
 in cast-iron b!)ttles, or in bags 
 of sheepskin steejjed in alum. 
 Cinnabar is also manufactured. 
 In r859 about 5000 centners of 
 metal, value 609,000 florins, were 
 manufacture!!, besides 1136 cent¬ 
 ners of cinnabar, value 138,000 
 florins. 
 
 On tlie 22nd June in each year 
 the discovery of the richer veins 
 of metal in 1508 is celebrated by 
 a jirocession; and in the after¬ 
 noon by a feast on the Zemlja. the 
 Prater of the natives. The visit* ir 
 attending this could see the 
 mine and works the next day. 
 
 From rdria is a good rd. to ’ 
 Krainhurg N.W., about 26 m.; 
 and one ti> Wiphach S., about 15 
 m. : and from Wipbach down the 
 Wipha'-h Thai, through agreeable 
 scenery, and along the b ise of 
 the Tarnovaner Wald Plateau, 
 past H. Kreuz, to Gorz, about 
 22 m. (Ete. 254).] 
 
 T 1 le rly. follows a S.E. course, 
 through a hare country, to 
 
 7 m. Eakek Stat Mom than 4 m. 
 S.E. is the Zirknitz See: but it 
 is better visited from Planina. 
 (See below.) 
 
 The rly. turns S.W. at right 
 angles to its former course, passing 
 1 . Selsach, and then St. Canzian 
 
 fin each place a singular natural 
 bridge, better visited from Pian- 
 ina), and crossing the Trieste rd. 
 twice, reaches 
 
 Adelsberg Stat. (Inns, several : 9 j 
 zur Goldenen Krone, Widow 
 Duxat’s, best; Eisenbahn\ Slov. 
 Postojna, lies in an irregiflar open 
 basiii, tlic Nanos (4249 ft.), N. of 
 W., being the most prominent 
 object. Good lirad-qtiarters for 
 exploring the wonders of the Karst; 
 rendered fomons by tlie imme¬ 
 diate neighb'mrhood of the great 
 Grotto, tiic most magnificent and 
 extensive in Europe, and visited 
 from all parts. 
 
 The Karst Ital. il Carso; Slov, 
 Gabrek) is a table-land of bare 
 limestone joek, coiTt spending in 
 age with the chalk. In the wider 
 sense it includes all Istiia and 
 Dalmatia: but in the narrower, 
 iis comprising only the Cavern- 
 country, it extends from Laibach 
 and Idria N., to Trieste and the 
 Schneeberg S. I'he rock is so cleft 
 and pierci d with holes that it is 
 as porous as a sponge. The sur¬ 
 face has the aspect of grey waves 
 turned into stone; plants grow 
 only in the chinks. No stream 
 can exist on such a surface ; but m- 
 some of the troughs or basins are 
 locid beds of sandstone (Tasello), 
 and it is only ichere these occur that 
 streams exist. Sooner or later in. 
 its course it meets with the lime¬ 
 stone ami disappears in a cavern ; 
 and again appears either in a se¬ 
 cond trough or basin, or at the 
 outer edge of the Karst, with an 
 increased volume of water. 
 
 Besides the innumerable clefts> 
 largi* Hollows - of three kinds— 
 Oi-cur here and there through the 
 Karst. The first kind are Fun¬ 
 nels (Slov. Dolina) small and 
 large, some of which reach a 
 
553 Me. 2^S.-GIIATZ to TRIESTE—ABELSBEBG. 554 
 
 depth of 500 and a width of from 
 800 to TOGO ft. Tiie second kind 
 are perpeiidieiilar shafts callod 
 Karst-holes ovDoce-holes —theslial- 
 lower ones being often the resort 
 of wild doves. Tlu^y are like the 
 “ sw^allow-holes ” of some parts of 
 England. In some there is water ; 
 the deepest attains 800 ft. Tiie 
 third kind are the Caverns. Of 
 these again then; are two forms. 
 Some are the channels of streams, 
 which occasionally exteinl for 
 miles, and contain no stalactites 
 or stalagmites: others are dry, 
 possessing onlij pools of stand¬ 
 ing ivcder, with stalactites and 
 stalagmites. The latter — the 
 Grottos —are conjectured to have 
 been originally the channels of 
 .streams whieli have worked out 
 a dei'per lied for tl'emselves, and 
 left the old dry. The Grotto of 
 Adelsherg is the finest example in 
 the chstrict of this class. 
 
 TJie Grotto is State property, placed 
 lU'Kier the care of an officer in the vill., 
 who appoints the guides and re; eives the 
 fees. The entrance-fee for each civ ilian 
 is ’]o kr. The guides receive 8 ■> kr. each, 
 and one visitor must take at least 3. The 
 candles, at 50 kr. per lb., are charged 
 according as a small, a medium, or a 
 great illumination is desired. It is ad¬ 
 vantageous for visitors to enter in parties, 
 as the expense of lighting and guides is 
 divld- d amongst them. The lollowing 
 is an example of the fees to be jiaid 
 by 2 visitors according to the above 
 rates:— 
 
 Flors. 
 
 Entrance-fees for 2 civilians 
 (military men pay one-half 
 less), at 70 kr. each . . . 1-40 
 
 3 guides and 2 lighters, at 80 
 
 kr. each.4-00 
 
 A great Illumination.—10 lbs. 
 tallow candles for lighthig 
 the Dom, Tanzsaal, and 
 Calvarienberg . . , . 5 25 
 
 27 stearine candles (milli- 
 kerzen) for lighting the 
 candelabrum at the Eelvi- 
 dere.0-52 
 
 II • 17 
 
 A small illumination requires 4 lbs. 
 candles. The lowest scale of fee is 54 fl. 
 Those who can afford it, however, will 
 not regret a liberal expenditure on lights, 
 much of the effect depending upon a 
 good illumination. The ordinary tempe¬ 
 rature of tiie Grotto is about 48° F;ftr. 
 Ladies should protect themselves with 
 cloaks and thick shoes from the chill and 
 abundant moisture; if they desire it, a 
 chaise a porteur (trag sessel) may be had 
 for 6 fl. Only the flrst portion is wet; 
 beyond tlie Folk it is dry. Time required 
 liaan to 4 hrs. From the Calvarien¬ 
 berg (furthest point) to Adelsherg it is 
 I hr.’s quick walking. 
 
 Visiloj s must not breaJc the statadites, 
 or blacken them icith their lights. 
 
 Tlie entrance is i m. from 
 Adelsherg, on the rd. to Ottnk, 
 through a natural cleft closed by 
 a trellis-door leading into a low 
 gallery. Sixty feet below, the 
 Poili disappears in another ca¬ 
 vern. The way leads over a 
 natural hridge, under which the 
 river, invisible, passes from 1, to 
 rt. At 5jo ft. from the en¬ 
 trance the visitor stands in a 
 balcony in the Great Dom, which 
 is 72 ft. high and 160 ft. broad; 
 50 ft. below, the Poik rushes 
 across the Dom floor from rt. 
 to 1., and disappears, to reappear 
 5 m. off as the river Unz near 
 Planina. Steps descend to a 
 causeway on the floor leading to 
 a bridge over the P(.ik, and to 
 steps on the other side, which 
 are ascendud to the entrance to 
 the Einp. Ferdinand's Grotto, dis¬ 
 covered only in 1818. 
 
 From this point the visitor 
 pa.sses through a range of cham¬ 
 bers interesting from the variety 
 of forms the stalactitical matter 
 assumes. It pervades almost 
 every part; paves the floor, hangs 
 in pendants, coats the wall, and 
 forms screens, partitions, and 
 pillars. The fantastic shapes of 
 some masses have given rise to 
 vai’ious names applied according 
 
555 
 
 Me. 2iS.—GBATZ to TBIESTE—ADELSBEBG. 55G 
 
 to the fancy of the guides. Some 
 of the columns are more than 12 
 ft, in thickness. An idea of the 
 time required for their formation 
 is gained from the fact that in 
 13 years the usual deposit is no 
 thicker than i^aper. One of the 
 chambers, with an even floor, is 
 converted on Whit ABynday each 
 year into a ball-room (Tanz-saal). 
 On that occasiou the peasants, and 
 from 500 to 600 visitors, assemble 
 from miles around, the whole place 
 is lighted up as far as the Cal- 
 varienberg, and the gloomy vaults 
 
 re-echo with the sounds of mirth 
 and music. Arrived at the Grab, 
 the Franz-Josefs and Elisabeth's 
 Grotto opens 1 ., traversed for the 
 first time on their visit in 
 jMarch, 1857. The visitor is 
 usually taken this way to the 
 Calvarienberg, and brought back 
 by the old path which opens 
 rt. The Calvarienberg is the 
 fivrthest point, and is named from 
 a crowd of Stalagmites which are 
 clustered upon a heap of fallen 
 rocks more than 260 ft, high. 
 To the 1 . of the Belvidere, on the 
 
557 nte. 2 AS.~GIIATZ to TRIESTE—ADELSBERG. 558 
 
 way to the Calvarienberg, and 
 b(*youd tlio dropping well, is a 
 l)ool fdling- a Dolina, and another 
 line'Dolina called Tartarus. But 
 this part is wet and dirty, and not 
 nsually shown. To visit these in 
 ((ddition reqnii-es hr. more. 
 On the return from the Calva- 
 rienbcrg- by the old path, the 
 enti-ance to the Archduke Johns 
 Grotto is passed 1., open only to 
 extraordinary visitors. Entered 
 in 1832; and containing amongst 
 other stalactites a beautiful Cur¬ 
 tain (Vorhang). Beyond, on the 
 old path, is another 4 lines 
 
 thick and 9 ft. long, dazzlingly 
 white, with a brown striped border, 
 one of the most charming of the 
 stalactitic formations. 
 
 A little further, the old path 
 returns the visitor to the Grab. 
 
 One hr. N.AV. of Adelsberg is 
 the 
 
 Black or Magdcdena Grotto 
 Slov. Cerna Jama). It is the 
 oldest knovm habited of the Proteus 
 or 01 m {Proteus anejuinus), a 
 curious animal between a fish 
 and a lizard, and is entered 
 through a Polina. It contains a 
 Bom, and has stalactites, though 
 broken and besmoked. Colder 
 than the Adelsberg Grotto. Spe¬ 
 cimens of the Proteus may be 
 purchased at the Inn at Adels- 
 lierg. It requii’es protection from 
 the light, an equal temperature, 
 and the water repeatedly changed. 
 They inhabit a pool in the 
 Grotto. 
 
 Nearly i hr. N. of the Black 
 C.b’otto lies the 
 
 Poik Cavern (Slov. Piuka 
 Jama), which is also entered 
 tlirough a Dolina. Descent 
 steej) and requires the use of a 
 rope. In the Grotto the Poik is 
 
 seen dashing past over rocks. At 
 low water the rocks by the side 
 of the stream can be descended 
 900 ft. to a point where the roof 
 dips down to the stream, and 
 ascended' 1500 ft. 
 
 For those inclined to explore the 
 streams in the caverns, Mikola, a joiner 
 in Adelsberg, will let on hire a good 
 canoe, with oar and pole, for from 15 to 
 20 fl. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 a. To Ober Planina {Inn: Peren- 
 nitsch’s, good, opposite the Post ; 
 can supply guides and canoes), 
 a small town about 5 m. on the 
 post-rd. to Laibach N. of Adels¬ 
 berg. 
 
 From this place, as head¬ 
 quarters, may bo seen,— 
 
 I. The Planina or Klein- 
 hdusler Cavern). Immediately 
 beyond the Post a side-road leads 
 from Ober Planina down to the 
 Poik, overlooked by an old tower, 
 the remains of the Schloss 
 Kleinhciusl. At its foot are the 
 mills of Herr Sigon. The en¬ 
 trance is behind the mills, and 
 leads to a Pom, through which 
 the Poik flows. At high water 
 a canoe enables the visitor to 
 cross and ascend to the Chorinsky 
 Pom, 124 ft. high and as broad. 
 To this point ladies have gone. 
 Pescent to the river again diffi¬ 
 cult ; all fmdher course by canoe ; 
 which it is better not to attempt 
 when the water is high. 
 
 At a lake beyond, 250 ft. long, 
 in a Pom, the cave divides. By 
 one of the branches the Poik 
 enters. This lake, properly 
 lighted, forms one of the finest 
 spectacles in the Karst. In tlic 
 Kaltenfelder branch, atits farthest 
 point, I m. and 5 ftirlongs from 
 
559 llte.^^^.-GBATZ to TMlESrE—ADELSBERG. 
 
 500 
 
 the daylight, is a small lake, and j 
 in a side gi’otto some very fine 
 stalactites. Abundance of Pro¬ 
 teus occur in two pieces. The 
 other or A<hhher<j branch, down 
 Avhich the I’olk flows, is finer and 
 easier to traverse. I'jo ft. up it, 
 is a lo ft. liigii icaterfall: beyond 
 are heaps of rocks over which no 
 canoe can be drawn, and it must 
 he carried in pieces and put toge¬ 
 ther again at the Radoljsliafen, 
 unless canoes arc now perma¬ 
 nently left there. There arc 2 
 bars to cross in the further course ; 
 and there are 2 places where the 
 descent of the roof compels the 
 visitor to lie down in the canoe. 
 The breadth of the channel is 
 about 50 ft., the height (>0, though 
 it sometimes exceeds ico ft. The 
 magnificence of the s^'cne is be¬ 
 yond description. The furthest 
 point is nearly 2 m. from day¬ 
 light. It is necessary to make 
 the passage in 2 canoes in case of 
 nccidcnt to one of them; as be¬ 
 yond the 2nd bar there is not a 
 single landing-]ilace. 
 
 2. The Mulilthal Springs, 
 Toached in J hr. by a bridge over 
 thePoik. In this has 11 is a series 
 of mills driven Ijy 31 copious 
 springs, which emerge within a 
 distance of about 50 yds. They 
 come from the Zirknitz See. 
 
 3. The Caverns of the Unz. 
 The Poik ^ hr. after ils exit from 
 the Planiua Cavern receives the 
 Miihlthal Springs and then takes 
 the name of Unz. It flows in 
 serpentine windings along the 
 jneadow-basin of Planina below 
 the Scldoss Ilaasherg, and at the 
 further end is gradually sucked 
 up by a scries of swallow-holes. 
 At flood-time 2 caverns in a rock- 
 wall, near the vill. Jacobowitz, 
 receive the surplus water, which 
 only emerges agam at Ober 
 
 Jjaibach, 6 m. distant, as the 
 Laibach. 
 
 4. The Ravens Hole. The 
 hills about Planina contain a 
 great number of pits and Dolinas; 
 many lie concealed in the woods 
 unknown. At i hr. from Jacobo- 
 icitz is one of the largest—the 
 Raven’s Hole (Slov. Vranaja 
 Jama), above 300 ft. deep. De¬ 
 scent difficult over gercill to 
 the bottom, where is a cavern 
 through which the visitor may 
 by stooping and crawling descend 
 into the valley near Jacobowitz. 
 The Devil's Hole (Teufelsloch), 
 240 ft. deep, is i hr. further up, 
 the bottom of whicli can only be 
 reached by a rope-ladder. And 
 
 5. The Natural Bridges of 
 Maunitz and Selsach, and the 
 Zirhnitz See. 
 
 There is a good cross-rd. by the Schloss 
 Ilaiisberg to iilaunitz in 2 hrs., and to 
 Zirknitz in 2 more; car. 4 fl. In this 
 way the Lake is visitedBut it is 
 more interesting to take the 5 h^'s.’ walk 
 from Maunitz to St. Canzian, and follow 
 up the HaJcbach to Sehcu h, and thence to 
 Zirknitz, sending the car on to Zirknitz 
 (good Jnii) by tlie rd. The natural 
 bridge of Maunitz is only 4 hr.’s walk 
 from the rly. stat. Jiakek. 
 
 The Rahbach is part of the 
 outflow of the Zirknitz Sec. 
 Disappearing first in the Gross 
 or Veliha Karlouza Cavern, near 
 Niederdorf, below Zirknitz ; re¬ 
 appearing in a shaft, the so-called 
 “ Eenster; ” ogaiit under the 
 Selsach natural bridge ; further 
 on by a Saw-mill hid in a cleft 
 62 ft. deep; then in the St. 
 Canzianthal; and finally, for the 
 5th time, near the natural bridge 
 of Maunitz—it is the same stream 
 that brcalts out in the i^Iiihlthal, 
 near Planina. 
 
 The bridge of Maunitz, beyond 
 St. Canzian s Ctipelle, and about 
 I hr. S. of the vill., has an arch 
 
561 
 
 ate. 248.—6'J?.4TZ to TRIESTE—ZIIiKNITZ. 
 
 5 G 2 
 
 150 ft. long and 62 ft. high; 
 superior to its rivals the Rre- 
 hischtlior in Bohemia, and the 
 Veja Bridge, near Verona, f hr. 
 beyond the bridge is a Cavern 
 out of which the streams issues, 
 and by means of a dam forms a 
 pond. A little further is the 
 Cleft with the Sawmill at the 
 bottom; and further again (5 hr.) 
 is the natural bridge of Selsach, 
 one of the most remarkable phe¬ 
 nomena in the Karst. It is 12 
 ft. wide, and spans a gulf with 
 I)erpendicular sides 24B ft. long, 
 75 ft. broad, and 136 ft. deep. 
 At the bottom is the Kakbach. 
 
 The path continues through 
 wood to Selsach, and thence to 
 Zirlaiitz. 
 
 The Zlrlcnitz See (Lacus Lu- 
 gcus of Strabo), whose marvellous 
 characteristics have been ex¬ 
 aggerated, is about 5 m. long, 
 and from i to 2 rn. broad, sur¬ 
 rounded by numerous villages, 
 chapels, castles, and witli 4 
 islands. At high water its size 
 increases threefold. Its usual 
 depth is but trihing—from 6 to 
 10 ft.—but 400 funnels exist in 
 its bed, some of tl’.cm more 
 than 50 ft. deep. The E. shore 
 is flat, and the water shades off 
 into marsh, and that again gra¬ 
 dually into meadow and arable; 
 but the W. shore is shut in by 
 the steep slopes of the wooded 
 JavorniJc (4154 ft.\ and Sta- 
 novnit:. The principal marvel of 
 the lake is that, though it is fed 
 both by copious streams and 
 underground channels, it has 
 vnhj a subterranean oidfloio. 
 Hence its sudden rise and the 
 longer continuance of higli water. 
 The rise and fall are not connected 
 Avith any determinate periods: 
 fiometunes the w’ater remains 
 nearly the same for several years, 
 
 but more usually it varies greatly 
 during the same season. The 
 entire bed is never laid dry, only 
 the higher parts, upon which 
 millet is then sown. Gregor 
 Kebe of Untcr-Seedorf is the best 
 guide to the lake and its caverns. 
 
 To see the lake go from 
 Zirknitz to Niederdorf to v’sit 
 the Velilca Karlouza, the prin¬ 
 cipal subterranean outlet; then 
 to Unter-Seedorf, and in a boat to 
 the island Ottok. Near the 
 peninsula Ecrcoreh is the Sucha 
 Dulza, and not far distant the 
 Vrania Jama tEaven Cavern'';, 
 two subterranean channels whicli 
 supply a very important propor¬ 
 tion of the water. The S. bay of 
 the lake is very pleasing : from 
 the vill. Laase here, tlie visitor 
 may ascend a low ridge to Dane, 
 and beyond hr.) to Alteimiarkt 
 (good Inn), in a picturesque 
 upland meadow basin. From 
 this place is a decent car-rd. back 
 to Zirknitz, about 10 m. 
 
 I m. N. of Altenmarkt is the 
 liltle town of Laas good Inn), in 
 a romantic W(ioded basin, and i hr. 
 N. of it on the rd. to Oblah is 
 the 11 . Kreuzberg, and at its foot a 
 Cavern from which many fossil 
 bones have been taken. 
 
 The Schneeberg Plateau lies im¬ 
 mediately S. of tlie Alhmmaikt 
 Thai. From Altsinnarlct to the 
 summit of the Snemilc (5529 ft.), 
 its solitary peak, about ro m., is 
 an 8 hrs. exem’sion. Charcoal- 
 burners’ huts the only shelter 
 from bad weather. View, the 
 whole of Carniola, part of Croatia, 
 and the Adrialic. 
 
 Returning to Adelsberg, another 
 Excursion thence is to 
 
 b. The Grottos and Schloss of 
 Lucg, about 6 m. N.W. of Adels- 
 
563 
 
 Bte. 2 ^S.— GRATZ to TRIESTE—BAIL. 
 
 564 
 
 berg. A pleasant footpath, more 
 direct, leads by Ottok, Sagon, and 
 Prestawa, to the hamlet Lneg. 
 The car-rd. turns oft’ from the 
 post-rd. at Hrasclie, and passes 
 through Goritsclie, Landol, and 
 Brine. A 4-seated car, 4 tlor. 
 
 . The vill. ( Prejana) lies on the 
 border of a hollow, closed at one 
 end by a wall of limestone 390 
 ft. high. At its base the Lohva- 
 hach disap 23 ears in a cavern, 
 flows under the Nanosberg, and 
 emerges at Wipbach to join the 
 stream there. In this ivall are 5 
 Grottos, well worth seeing. The 
 Schloss is built into the face of 
 the overhanging rock, and its 3 
 stories mingling with the mouths 
 of the grottos have a singular 
 ajipcarance viewed from the op¬ 
 posite side of the basin. Abund¬ 
 ance of Saxifraga 'peirsea and 
 Geranium nodosum near the rock- 
 wall. 
 
 Erasmus Lueger was in the 
 15th centy. the owner. Slaying 
 llarshul Pappenheim in 1483, he 
 tock refuge here, and was laid 
 siege to by the Captain-General 
 of Trieste, and at last slain through 
 the treachery of a servant. The 
 present Schloss was built 15 70 by 
 Count Kobenzl; and since 1846 
 has belonged to Prince Windisch- 
 griilz. 
 
 c. Ascent of the Nanosberg 
 (4249 ft.). Take car to Preivald 
 (good Inn) about 9 m. on the 
 post-rd. to Trieste. Much fre¬ 
 quented as a place of summer- 
 retreat from Trieste. A track 
 (take gTiide) turns off rt. from the 
 post-rd. beyond Prewald, and 
 ascends the plateau past St. 
 Jerome's chapel to the peak due 
 N. of Prewald, 3 hrs. T 7 e«w, from 
 its isolated position, very fine, 
 including the Julian and Friulian 
 Alp.s, fhe Adriatic, and Istria. 
 
 Many rare plants grow on its 
 slopes. 
 
 Leaving Adelsberg, the rly. 
 crosses the post-rd. to Fiume and 
 then the Poik, and ascends thePoik 
 Thai S. nearly to its head, past 
 the stats. Rrestraneh and St. Peter 
 (7 m.). Beyond, its course is a 
 continual descent due W. across 
 the Karst towards Trieste. 
 
 W. of St. Peter it threads 6 
 short tunnels to the Sted. Oher- 
 Lesece on the border of the Recca 
 (or Ejeka) Thai. The next vill. 
 is 
 
 Divazza Stat., not far from the 23 
 great iJolina of St. Canzian, the 
 finest in the Karst. 
 
 Take a car, in i hr., to Kalde (good 
 Inn), a small hamlet, and, 3311116 dinner 
 is preparing, the Dolina can be seen. 
 'I'hen take the car on to Corgnale {Inn, 
 Muko33’’s, moderate; better tlian that at 
 JS'akle) to deep, and visit the Grotto 
 there the follo3\'ing day. From Corgnale 
 it is I hr. to Sessana Stat., and less to 
 Divazza. 
 
 [The Recca, rising at Podgraj at 
 the foot of the Schneeberg Plateau, 
 flows along its valley, in the sand¬ 
 stone, a distance of about 25 m. 
 N.AV., before arriving at St. Can¬ 
 zian. Here it meets with a wall 
 of limestone, and j^lunges into a 
 Cavern at its foot. 
 
 Nahle is above, on 1 . of this 
 limestone wall, and the connected 
 hamlets of Maitaun, St. Canzian, 
 and Beitania stand on the top of 
 it. From the ch.-yard of St. 
 Canzian, at the edge of this cliff, 
 is an interesting view of the valley, 
 the Schneeberg peak in the dis¬ 
 tance E. 
 
 The Dolina is the property of tlie 
 commune, and the key is kept by tho 
 innkeeper of a small peasants’ inn in St. 
 
ate. 2i8.—GEATZ to TRIESTE—RAIL. 
 
 5 iSo 
 
 5 GG- 
 
 Canzian. Fee, 15 kr. each person. The 
 Visitor's Book is in the care of Herr 
 Mahoruc, of Mattaun, who will give any 
 desired information. Take an over-coat 
 tiown into the Dolina. 
 
 The Eecca emerges from its 
 first cavern to enter a dolina 
 300 ft. deep, and sepamted by a 
 tliin reef of rock fixnn the great 
 Dolina, the AV. side of ^Yhicll is 
 formed by a perpendicular wall 
 516 ft. deep. At its base is a 
 large Cavern (Recca Hdlile), with 
 an arch 60 ft. in height. Into 
 this the stream rushes with great 
 force, and only emerges into day¬ 
 light again at Duino, on the coast 
 N. of Trieste, as the Timao, or 
 Timavus of Virgil. (SeeRte. 254,) 
 
 Steps of rough-hewn blocks— 
 without balustrade — lead down 
 into the Dolina halfway. In rain 
 or in a high w ind the descent re¬ 
 quires care. Here is a door which 
 the key opens, and the further 
 descent is protected by a balus¬ 
 trade. At the bottom the stream 
 emerges from the reef with a fall 
 of 30 ft. into a basin of deep 
 green w'ater, 230 ft. long and 
 91 ft. broad. F/ei/; from the side 
 of the pool exceedingly interest¬ 
 ing. 
 
 In the AV. wall, about 12 ft. 
 above the ground, is a small 
 Grotto, from which the Dolina is 
 usually sketched. Useful as a 
 'place of refuge in had iveather. 
 
 Near the entrance of the Recca 
 Hohle is a heap of debris, whicli 
 leads up to the Lager Grotto, with 
 a fine arch 75 ft. high, and as 
 broad. Beyond, a bed of dried 
 sand, deposited by the stream 
 when in flood, slopes down at an 
 angle of 30°, ending with a drop 
 of 12 ft. to tlie side of the stream 
 —a fine point of view. A rope 
 necessary to rcacii this point. 
 
 By a canoe, kept in hand by a 
 
 rope, the stream may bo de¬ 
 scended as far as the*3rd Fall.. 
 A clamber along the rocks thence 
 leads to the 4th, 20 ft. high, wdiich 
 is 1360 ft. from the entrance. 
 
 In the N. wall of the great 
 Dolina is another Grotto, with a 
 Dorn 60 ft high. It narrow's,, 
 and ends at SOU ft. from the en- 
 ti ance; contains a few stalactites,, 
 pools, deposits of mud, and many 
 clefts wdiich communicate up- 
 w’ards with the surface of the 
 Karst. 
 
 These Grottos and Caverns are 
 the resort of ivild doves, and these 
 bring in their train liawJcs and 
 eagles, frequently seen. 
 
 Take the car on to sec 
 
 The Grotto at Corgnale. 
 
 The innkeeper Mukow has the key* 
 and the Grotto Book. Fee, 15 kr. each 
 person, i hr. sufficient to see it. 10 miles' 
 from Trieste by the post-rd. 
 
 Entered at the base of a small 
 Dolina. It is rather the union o f 
 several Clefts than a single Grotto, 
 and has some similarity to the 
 Magdalena Grotto near Adels- 
 berg. Constant ascent and de¬ 
 scent of steps. Owing to this, 
 strildng effects of light are pro¬ 
 duced when I guide goes on in 
 advance wdth a torch, and the 2nd 
 guide follows the visitor wdth 
 another. 
 
 There are 3 Dorns, the most 
 distant the finest, into wdiich is a 
 descent by 154 steps. 
 
 The Emp. Francis L, in 1816, 
 penetrated to the In 
 
 1830 a rock was cut through, and 
 the finest portion of the Grotto 
 laid open. The furthest Dom 
 has iirany fine brow'n stalagmites 
 of large size.] 
 
 4 
 
 Sessana Stat. 
 
 
Itte, 2 \^.—GRATZ to TRIESTE—RAIL 
 
 5G8 
 
 mi 
 
 [The nearest point to visit tlie 
 lAndner or Treb/tscli Cavern, tlic 
 deepest in the Karst. 
 
 It is i lir. of bad rd. from Sossana to 
 the vill. (/liik; thence to the Cave, be¬ 
 tween Orlik and Trebitsch, i hr. Also 
 •I hr. K. of Opschina. From Trieste, 
 therefore, the hamlet of Fernetitsch is 
 the best point from Inch to turn off the 
 post-vd. 
 
 remission from the engineer of the 
 Trieste AVaterworks is requisite, usually 
 addressed to some one in Trebitsch who 
 has already niade the descent. For this 
 reason, unless the permission has been 
 already obtained by written application, 
 it will be more convenient to \isit it 
 from Trieste. Inquire if the ladders are 
 HI good condition, f hr. to descend, and 
 I.} hr. to ascend. 
 
 In the course of Herr Lindner s 
 endeavours to procure a supply of 
 water for Trieste, he came, in 
 1840, upon tiiis Carern at the 
 hottoin of a S a-allow hole 885 ft. 
 deep, the entrance to which is in 
 a small Dolma, 1120 ft. above the 
 .sea. Along this Cavern lies the 
 underground course of the Recca — 
 last visible in the Dolina of St. 
 Canzian. 
 
 The mouth of the shaft is kept 
 elosed; the descent is by 66 lad¬ 
 ders—mostly wet and muddy — 
 generally 12 ft. long, separated 
 from each other by stages. The 
 pa.ssage laborious, but not dan¬ 
 gerous. The last ladder lands 
 die visitor upon a sand and mud- 
 hill, down which is a descent of 
 170 ft. to the Recca. Its surface 
 is thus not more than 63 ft. above 
 the sea. 
 
 Tlie Cavern is 1182 ft. long; 
 nbout the middle it is separated 
 into 2 basins by masses of fallen 
 rock. At each end the rock dips 
 deep below the water. Its dark 
 colour requires good lighting. In 
 liood-time the water has risen 
 256 ft. up the shaft.] 
 
 From Sessana the rly. descends 
 in a long sweep to 
 
 Prosecco Stat. Beyond, any m. 
 enchanting View of the Adriatic, 
 and of Giado and Aquileia, W., 
 with the Friulian Alps in the ho¬ 
 rizon, while S. are the headlands 
 of Istria and its mtns. Trieste 
 and its shipjting are below. Ve¬ 
 getation changes its character; 
 vineyards, figs, chestnuts, and 
 olives, gradually make their ap¬ 
 pearance. 
 
 Nabresina. Junct. Stat. Herein m 
 the line from Venice and Udine 
 falls in. Good refreshment-room, 
 but dear. From a series of em¬ 
 bankments and viaducts the tra¬ 
 veller looks down into the sea, 
 
 400 ft. below. 
 
 The rly. makes a wide retnrn 
 sweep to reach 
 
 Grignano Stat., not more than If m 
 ij m. in a straight line below 
 Prosecco. 
 
 Upon the Punta Grignana 
 stands the Archduke Ferdinand 
 Max.’s (Emp. Mexico') fine Villa 
 Miramar. Threading a tunnel 
 870 ft. long, the rly. reaches 
 
 Trieste (Terminus) {Inns, 1 } m 
 mostly dear, some extortionate; 
 make a bargain: Hotel de la Ville, 
 on the Quay, good situation; Vic¬ 
 toria, fair, not dear; Locanda 
 Grande; Hotel de France; Al- 
 bergo Daniele, fair bachelors’ 
 quarters), the Tergesie of the 
 Homans, and the cliief town of 
 the Austrian Littorale, or coast- 
 land of Illyria, and the most im¬ 
 portant port of Austria, is situated 
 at the N.E. extremity of the 
 Adriatic, at tlie bottom of a gulf 
 named after the town. It lias 
 65^000 Inhab., and is for S. Ger- 
 
569 Bte. 2 m.—VIENNA to VENICE, by KLAGENFUBT. 570 
 
 many what Hamburg is for the 
 North. 
 
 Objects of interest. —Tlie Duomo, 
 in which are buiied Don Carlos 
 of Spain and his son ; Greek Ch., 
 fine; Jesuits' Chur'h; so called 
 Arco di Bicardo, a Roman mont.'; 
 Tergesteum and Museum of An¬ 
 tiquities. 
 
 The Italian is the prevailing 
 langunge ; German is used in the 
 public I'fifices ; and the peasantry 
 speak Slovenic. 
 
 Library, Beading - room. — 
 Guide-books, &c., at Colombo 
 Coeri’s, 608 , Corso. 
 
 Climate, subject to the most 
 abrupt alternations—either from 
 the hot and oppressive Sirocco 
 S.K , or the cold and cutting Bora 
 N.E., which blows across the 
 Karst—often in such strength as 
 to overturn laden waggons. The 
 streets in Trieste are studded 
 witli p )sts, at which people may 
 take refuge against the Bora. 
 
 Steamers to Venice and Ra¬ 
 venna; and to Pula, Zara, Spa- 
 latro, and Cattaro. 
 
 For farther particulars see the 
 Handbook of 8 . Germany. 
 
 For Bte. 249 {Trieste to Pola) 
 see S. Germ. Ilandbk. 
 
 Rte. 250. — VIENNA to 
 VENICE, by JUDENBUEG, 
 KLAGENFURT, PONTEBBA, 
 UDINE, and TREVISO. 
 
 V’’IEN'NA (by quick 
 train in 4 hrs. 
 20 min.) to 
 
 EXG. M. 
 Bruck on the 
 
 Mur . 
 
 . 109 
 
 Li'oben . 
 
 . II 
 
 Judenburg 
 
 • 33 
 
 Uuzmarkt 
 
 . 12 
 
 Noumarkt 
 
 . 10 
 
 Friesach . 
 
 9 
 
 St. Veit . 
 
 . 16 
 
 ENG. M, 
 
 Klagenfurt (by 
 riy.) . 14 
 
 Villach (by rd.) 24 
 Tarvis . . i8 
 
 Pontebba. . 15 
 
 Be^iutta . . 16 
 
 Udine (by rly.) J2f 
 Codroipo . . 14 
 
 Venice . . 71 
 
 4^-4 i 
 
 I'ahvagen daily from Bruck to Kb)gou- 
 furt in 21 hrs.; from Klsgenfurt ti> 
 Udino 5 times a ^Yeek, in 185 hrs. Bly. 
 thence to Venice, in 4.1- hrs. 
 
 The earlier portion of this 
 route is attractive rather from a 
 historical than from a scenic point 
 of view; but it improves N. of 
 St. Veit as the Karawankas, and 
 behind them the Julian Alps, rise 
 above the horizon. The scenery 
 culminates in interest at Tarvis in 
 the immediate neighbourhood of 
 the Julian Alps. 
 
 From Vienna by railroad (Etc. 
 247) to 
 
 Bruck on the Mur {Inns: ZumlOO in. 
 Eisenbahn, close to station, good; 
 
 Adler; Mitterbrau), a station 
 (Rte. 247). The route ascends 
 the Mur Thai S.W. to 
 
 Leoben {Inns: Goldener Ad- 11 m. 
 ler ; Kaiser von Oesterreich in the 
 great square; Mohr). See Rte. 
 
 240. 
 
 [Here, a little beyond St. 5 m. 
 Michael, the rd. over the Rotten- 
 
571 Bte. 2 ^ 0 .—VIENNA to VENICE, hy KLAGENFUBT. 
 
 6T2 
 
 manner Taiiern, to Anssee, Isclil, 
 and Salzburg (Ete. 240), turns 
 offl.] 
 
 *6 m. Kraubath {Inn: Post). 
 
 5 m. [Before the main-rd. crosses 
 the Mur a rd. diverges rt. ■which 
 continuing in the valley as hrr 
 as Kohenz, ascends the hills 
 N. W. 5 m. to Sthlmu, the seat and 
 title of the bishops of Gratz. In 
 the ch. are the tombs of many 
 abbots of Sekkau, and of Charles, 
 second Duke of Styria. From 
 Sekkau the Zinlcen (7794ft.) may 
 be ascended for its tine Vtew. 
 Gentiana frigida found upon it.J 
 
 <jm. Knittelfeld {Inn: Weberbraii"^. 
 An old town prettily situated. 
 Lies nearly at the commencement 
 of a small populous plain 12 ra. 
 long, and 4 m. broad, called the 
 Eiclisfeld (Oaktield). A column 
 in the market-place records the 
 plague of 1715. The rd. runs 
 across the Eiclisfeld and the 
 Mur to 
 
 11 in. Judenburg {Inns: Goldenc 
 Krone, tolerable; Blauer Adler). 
 An old town on the banks of the 
 Mur, still surrounded by walls. 
 Two thirds of it have been re¬ 
 built since the fire of 1841. It 
 occupies the site of a Komau 
 colony Idunmn, and in the middle 
 ages was a staple place for the 
 commerce with Italy and the 
 East. In early times many Jews 
 {Juden) settled here, and about 
 1440, had their own mayor or 
 judge; but were driven from the 
 town in 1496. A pleasant View 
 from the Calvarienberg. 
 
 [A road leads from Judenburg 
 S.E. across the ridge of the Mur 
 Alps, by the Grahensattet (4574 
 ft.) to Kdflach 27 m. Thence is 
 
 a rly. to Gratz (Etc. 247) in 2 
 hrs., 26 m. further.3 
 
 The rd. continues to accom¬ 
 pany the Mur, which now turns 
 to N. of ^Y., and at 
 
 St. Peter and 
 St. Georgen 
 
 ' The 2 branches 
 of the more 
 IFesferaEotten- 4 m. 
 / manner Tauern ^ 
 fall into the ^ 
 main-rd. (Ete. 
 V240.) 
 
 Unzmarkt ijnn: Hirsch, fair ),3 m. 
 a vill. belongingto Prince Schwar- 
 zenburg. On the opposite side 
 of the Mur is the ruined castle 
 of Frauenburg. The scenery 
 hence to Fiiesach increases in 
 beauty; many ruins and chateaux 
 are passed. 
 
 [A little beyond, the rd. crosses 
 tlie Mur to continue the ascent 
 of the Mur Tlial to Murau, about 
 19m.; and thence by two rds., 
 one of which accompanies the 
 river, and tlie other takes a slight 
 circuit along the northern base 
 of a ridge, to Tamsweg, the chief 
 town in Lungau, about 26 m. 
 
 See Ete. 243.] 
 
 Scheifling. Opposite this vill. 4 m. 
 the rd. begins to ascend S., otd 
 of the Mur Thai; beyond it is the 
 Schloss Schrattenberg, Crossing 
 a low pass (2900 ft.j w])ich runs 
 along the W. base of the Wen- 
 zelkogl (676H ft.), and divides the 
 basin of the Mur fro a that of the 
 Drave, the rd. descends to 
 
 Neumarkt (Inn: Post\ A6 m. 
 walled hamlet with a castle. Near 
 tins is the Benedictine monastery 
 of St Lamhrecht, the motlier- 
 ch. of that at Mariazell. Close 
 to the rd. are the cold mineral 
 
Rte. VIENNA to VENICE, hy KLAGENFVIIT. 574 
 
 baths “ in the wilderness ” (In der 
 Einode). 
 
 [The Sirbitz Kogl (7862 ft,), 
 the culminating peak of the Ju- 
 denberger Alps, may bo ascended 
 from Miihlen, 5 m. on the rd. to 
 Hiittenberg, for the sake of its 
 panorama, which embraces the 
 country between the Semmering 
 and Terglou; the whole of the 
 Julian and Oarnic Alps, and 
 Karawankas; Upper Styria and 
 the Noric Alps to the Gross- 
 glockner.J 
 
 dm. Schloss Durenstein, erroneously 
 supposed to have been a prison 
 of Richard Ooeur-de-Lion, pro¬ 
 tects the boundary between Sty¬ 
 ria aird Carintliia at the entrance 
 of the Olcza Thai. 
 
 3 m. Friesach (Jmr: Post, deceiiP, 
 the oldest city in Carinthia, and 
 lull of middle-age ruins. Plea¬ 
 santly situated at the foot of 
 rocky heiglits, crowned with 
 ruined castles, and overlooks a 
 level reach of the 3 Ietmtz Thai 
 Schloss Diirenstein is visible N. 
 
 ScMoss Petersbercj, built by 
 Arclibp. Gebhard v. Helfeiistein, 
 founder of the Castles of 
 Salzburg and Werfen, in the 
 iitli centy., is the principal 
 luin. All of it but the Reclcen 
 tower, however, which is sup¬ 
 posed to date from the founda¬ 
 tion, belongs to the rebuilding 
 in the i 6 th centy,, by Archbishop 
 Leoidiard von Keutschach, who 
 after the departure of the Turks 
 in 145'^? lo whom Friesach had 
 been a prey for 11 years, renewed 
 it in greater strength than before. 
 Over the main entrance are his 
 arms containing tire Keutschach 
 turnip. In the interior are the 
 Tilt-ijard ; a chapel containing an 
 old “ Holy Family date 1525, 
 
 said to be by A. Durcr; and the 
 Episcopal Mint and Smelting- 
 house. 
 
 On another height S. are the 
 ruins of a line monastery-ch. de¬ 
 dicated to St. Virgil, the Bishop 
 of Salzbm-g, who in the 8th centy. 
 introduced Christianity into Ca¬ 
 rinthia. Of churches the Domi¬ 
 nican is the oldest. Thomas 
 Aquinas was here for 6 months, 
 and there is an inscription on the 
 pulpit referring to the fact. The 
 parish ch. ol St. Bartholomew, of 
 the 15th centy., is also interesting. 
 
 Friesach once covered a mucli 
 greater extent of ground: many 
 remains dug up prove it to have 
 been a Roman settlement, and it 
 has been conjectured that Noreja 
 in the ancient Noricum stood 
 here. 
 
 [Higher up the Metnitz Thai 
 N.E. of Friesach is Grades 
 (Slovenic Grad, a city : comp. 
 Belgrade, Novgorod), a village 
 indicating by its name the former 
 prevalence of Slovenes in N. 
 Carinthia.] 
 
 Pockstein or Zwischenwasser. I m. 
 The summer residence, date 1780, 
 of the Prince Bishop of Gurk, 
 stands here at the junction of the 
 Metnitz and the Gurk, and the 
 rd. descends into the plain called 
 the Krapfeld. 
 
 On a ridge to 1. is Althofen, an 
 old place. Before the year 900 
 A.D,, already belonging to the 
 Archbishops of Salzburg. After¬ 
 wards long an entrepdt for-the 
 iron trade, and the rival in that 
 ti*ade with St. Veit, Villach, and 
 Volkermarkt. At Hiittenberg in 
 the neighbouring Gortschitzthal 
 is a mountain of iron ore—the 
 Erzberg^—a lateral spur of the 
 Saaalpe, which has been worked 
 for icoo years, and is still the 
 
575 lUe. 250 .- VIENNA to VENICE, hy KLAGENFVll T. 57(5 
 
 principal source of iron in Carin- 
 thia. Ironworks are numerous : 
 those at Treihach, close to Altho- 
 fen, belonging to Count Egger, 
 are important. 
 
 [About 8 m. up the Gurkthal 
 W. of Pockstein is Slrassburg. 
 Heretliere isanohl Scliloss of the 
 Prince-bishops of Curk, date 
 finely situated on a high hill. 
 They now gtneially reside at 
 Klagenfurt. The bishopric was 
 created in 1071 by Archbishop 
 Gebhard of Salzburg. Two m. 
 further is Gurh, worth visiting 
 for the sake of its fine Cathedral, 
 founded by Hemma, wife of the 
 Count of Friesach, and conse¬ 
 crated 1042. The building is 
 Pomanesque with W. tower, a 
 narthex, and a noble W. portal. 
 The choir is of 8 bays raised 
 above a crypt of loo columns. 
 The foundress lies in the crypt 
 under an altar of Carrara marble 
 by Coiradini. In the ch. are 4 
 paintings representing scenes in 
 Hemma’s life; and a descent from 
 the Cross, and carved work on 
 the pulpit by Eaphael Douner. 
 The group behind the high altar 
 is more than 50 ft. high, with 100 
 figures, representing the Glorifi¬ 
 cation of the Virgin.] 
 
 5 m. Lurnfeld. 
 
 7m. St. Veit (Inns: Stern; Mark- 
 hofer’s), on the Gian, and up to 
 15 r8 the comd-town of the Duchy. 
 The remains of the Ducal castle 
 are in the N.E. corner of the 
 town. St. Veit is an entrepot for 
 raw iron which collects here on 
 its way to Italy. From the Cul- 
 varienberg is a distant view ot the 
 Karawaukas, and of the Terglou 
 and other Julian Alps beyond. 
 
 St. Veit having been the old 
 centre of the dulcedom, the sur¬ 
 
 rounding district abounds in old 
 castles, the family seats of the 
 Carinthian nobility. Many arc 
 in ruins. 
 
 [The most interesting is tlie 
 im[)Osing and well - preserved 
 Hill-fort of Ilochostervntz, 5 m. 
 E. of St. Veit, belonging to 
 the old race of Klievenliilller and 
 still inhabited. It is perched on 
 a conical hill 900 ft. high, and 
 approached by a rd. winding 3 
 times round the hill through 15 
 turreted gatevvfiys, and over 3 
 drawbridges. Built in its present 
 form by Georg Khevenhiiller, 
 about 15 70, and still belongs to 
 the same family. Though plun¬ 
 dered by the French in 1809, it 
 retains many interesting relics, 
 such as family portraits, a chapel 
 with monuments, an armoury with 
 the “ war-hat,” &c., of Margaretlia. 
 Maultasch, and other w'arlike fur¬ 
 niture.] 
 
 St. Donat. Beyond this vill .3 
 the rd. enters upon the wide and 
 partly marshy level of the Zollfeld, 
 bounded by the XHriclisberg W., 
 and the Magdalensberg E. Many 
 Koman inscriptions, monuments, 
 and coins have been found here 
 —the probable site of the Flavium 
 Solvense of the Romans, the Celtic 
 Virunum and of the later Ca- 
 renta. A fine Antinous found on 
 the Magdalensberg is now in the 
 Lower Belvidere at Vienna. 
 
 The road runs S. through the 
 middle of the plain, and passes 
 on 1. close by the 
 
 Herzogstuhl (ducal chair), a 5 
 double arm-chair of rough ma¬ 
 sonry on a small platform, lately 
 inclosed within an iron railing. 
 Exposed to more than loco years 
 of weather, it is much w'orn. 
 Here the newly created Dulie, 
 
577 Rte.2oQ.— VIENNA to VENICE hy KLAGENFUBT. 578 
 
 after lie had been accepted by 
 the people as their ruler at the 
 Fiirstenstein, near the Karnbiirg, 
 at the foot of the Uli'ichsberg, and 
 had heard high mass at the ch. of 
 Maria Saal on the hill 1. and dined, 
 was accustomed to sit down to re¬ 
 ceive the homage of his nobility, 
 clerg3% and people. On the chair 
 is written in Koman letters the 
 Slovenic words “ 3 Ia sueti Veri” 
 ‘‘ Has he the Holy Faith?” and 
 its answer “ Veri” “ the Faith.” 
 The Emperor Ferdinand, in 1597, 
 was the last who sat in this chair. 
 
 fClose at hand is the rd. that 
 ascends to the vill. 1 m. distant, 
 which sin-rounds the ch. of Maria 
 Saal. The origin of the ch. goes 
 back to the time when St. Virgil, 
 then only bishoji (not arclibishop) 
 of Salzburg, in 75 4, sent St. Modes- 
 tus and 4 priests to convert the 
 Slovenes to Cliristianity. A small 
 building below the ch. is pointed 
 out as the former abode of Mo- 
 destus,_and is still called the 
 ModestistiicJcl. The jiresent ch. 
 dates only from the 15 th centy., 
 Imt its towers are older. Its walls 
 hold embedded many Roman re¬ 
 mains. A chapel in the church¬ 
 yard is much older, as is also a 
 stone pillar and lantern with a 
 Slavic inscription in Old-German 
 letters. By a side porch hangs 
 a stone ball fired at the building 
 by the Turks.] 
 
 [To rt. at the foot of the 
 Ulrichsberg is the site of the 
 now vanished castle ot Karuhurg, 
 near which the Fiirstenstein stood. 
 On the day of the election of the 
 Duke, a peasant, in whose family 
 the office was hereditary, sat on 
 this stone and received the Prince 
 clad in peasant dress, surrounded 
 by his nobles and knights. With 
 Kp. Txjr. & Alps. 
 
 the Prince were brought a spotted 
 heifer and spotted mare. The 
 peasant then asked, in Slovenic, 
 Who he was? Was he freeborn? 
 Would he seek the good of the 
 country and protect the true 
 faith ?^ The bystanders answered 
 for him. The peasant further 
 asked, “ By what right can he 
 remove me from my seat?” and 
 in reply he is offered 60 Pfennigs, 
 the heifer and mare, the Prince’s 
 peasant dress, and that he and 
 his shall be made free of all 
 taxes. Upon this the peasant 
 gave the Prince a gentle box on 
 the ear, admonished him to be a 
 righteous judge, and removed 
 from the seat, taking the 2 beasts 
 and the dress. "Finally, the 
 Prince seated himself, drew his 
 sword, brandished it towards the 
 fom- quarters of the land, and 
 swore to do judgment according 
 to right. Duke Ernest Ironsides, 
 in 1414, was the last who sat on 
 this stone and went through the 
 cerempny. The Fiirstenstein is 
 now in the com-tyard of the 
 Landhaus in Klagenfurt (Rte. 
 243). In the “Wappenhuch” in 
 the Museum, there is a represen¬ 
 tation in water - coloin- of the 
 Fiirstenstein ceremony, by the 
 artist Fromiller, date 1748.’*' 
 
 The rd. continues to run S., the 
 Karawankas appear to rise in 
 height, the wooded Satnitz pla¬ 
 teau cutting oft' the view of their 
 base ; and crossing the Gian it 
 enters 
 
 Klagenfurt (Inns: Kaiser von 6 m. 
 Oesteri-eich, best and good; Mo- 
 
 * See ‘ Der Fiirstentein in Karnburg, 
 und der Herzogstuhl am Zollfelde in 
 Karnten,’ von Max Patter von Moro, 
 Vienna, 1862, which gives references to 
 the original sources. 
 
 U 
 
57 D Me. VIENNA to VENICE hij KLAGENFUBT. 580 
 
 ser’s, good; Kaiser Krone, indif¬ 
 ferent ; Post, not good; Sterne ; 
 Sonne; Hirscli). SeeKte. 243. 
 
 Eilwagen to Udine; rly. to Marburg 
 (Rte. 253); rly. to Villach (Rte. 243). Or 
 by steamer from the Lend Canal to Velden 
 at the W. end of the Wdrther See; and 
 Stellwagen, in correspondence, to Villach 
 twice a day. 
 
 24 m. Villach (Inns: Post, pretty 
 good; Goldenes Lamm; Stein- 
 liauer). SeeEte. 243. 
 
 The rd. ’again runs S., skirting 
 the 'E. base of the Villaclier 
 Alp, part of the mass of the 
 Dobrac, and reaches 
 
 5 m. Pederaun. [Here a country 
 rd., after the Gail is crossed, di¬ 
 verges 1 . to descend the Bosen or 
 Drau Thai. See Ete. 243.3 
 route crosses the mouth of the 
 Gail Thai — the peaks of the 
 Wischherg visible at intervals 
 S.W.—to 
 
 3 m. Tschau. [At this vill. a rd. 
 strikes off S. to ascend the Kara- 
 wankas, and descend on the other 
 side into the Save Thai at Wiirzen. 
 See Ete. 251.3 
 
 The route now takes a W. 
 course, and reaches 
 
 2 m. Arnoldstein. On a rock to 
 1 . is a Benedictine monastery 
 founded by Arnold and his wife 
 Matilda in the ntli centy.; now 
 devoted to secular purposes. 
 From its windows the then abbot 
 Florian, on the 25th January, 
 1348, witnessed the fall from the 
 Dobrac opposite, which buried 
 several of the vills. and hamlets 
 belonging to the monastery. 
 
 [A cross-rd. here turns N. to 
 the foot of the Dobrac, and skirt¬ 
 ing its base in a westerly direction 
 falls in at Notsch with the mtn.- 
 
 rd. that descends from Bleiberg 
 and Kreuth on the N. side of 
 the Dobrac. From Notsch it 
 ascends the Gail Thai to Her- 
 magor. See Etes. 243 and 223 a .3 
 
 About 1 m. further the rd. 
 crosses the Gailitz by a fine new 
 brido-e, and enters the Canal 
 Thai. 
 
 Maglern. A vill. with iron- 3 m. 
 forges. 
 
 [A second cross-rd. strikes off” 
 
 N., and, passing through Hochen- 
 thurm and a broken hilly region, 
 emerges into the Gail Thai near 
 Feistritz, crosses the Gail, and 
 falls into the first cross-rd. at 
 N 5 tsch already mentioned. 
 
 Goggau. Another vill. with 2 m. 
 iron-forges. 
 
 From the passing of the bridge 
 over the Gailitz the scenery has 
 been gradually unfolding, the 
 low ridges of the Karawanhas 1., 
 and Carnic Alps to rt., forming 
 a fine gateway to the grander 
 scenery of the Julian Alps. At 
 Goggau the Mangert (8775 ft.) 
 and his neighbours stand out 
 nobly in view. The mtn. pro- 
 minenfiy in the centre of the pic¬ 
 ture is the Konigsherg (6270 ft.), 
 famous for its lead and zinc mines, 
 and named after Alboin king of 
 the Longobards, who, according 
 to Paulus Diaconus, ascended it 
 to survey Friuli, on his way to 
 Italy from Hungary. Behind the 
 Kdnigsberg to rt. are the peaks 
 of the Wischberg (8733 ft.). Ob¬ 
 serve the river-terraces along the 
 course of the Gailitz, cut out of 
 the tertiary beds. 
 
 The rd. ascends high abov’e 
 the v^alley-bottom, and turning 
 W. reaches 
 
 Ober Tarvis (Inn: Gelbfuss’, 3 m.. 
 
581 ate. 2 h 0 .—VIENNA to VENICE hy KLAGENFURT. 582 
 
 a very good country inn, almost 
 the last house on rt.). Good head¬ 
 quarters for 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 (a) To the summit of the Man- 
 gert. 
 
 Descend to Enter Tarvis, where 
 the Schlitza fulls into the Gailitz, 
 and take the rd. to Raibl, 5 m. 
 At nearly the last house in vill. 
 on 1 ., at the foot of the Predil Pass, 
 lives Tobias Sclieidenherger, a good 
 guide. The ^track to the peak 
 turns off 1. a little beyond the 
 fortress on the Predil Pass. Sleep 
 at Scheidenberger’s inn, and start 
 early next morning. 
 
 (h) To the Kaltwasser Thai. 
 This valley runs S. along the W. 
 side of the Konigsberg to the 
 base of the Wischberg, and de¬ 
 serves a visit. It diverges from 
 the rd. to Eaibl at the hamlet of 
 Kaltwasser, A track leads out of 
 it over the shoulder of the Ko¬ 
 nigsberg (4410 ft.) to Eaibl, but 
 it requires a guide. The Wisch¬ 
 berg may be ascended from this 
 valley, and Scheidenberger is a 
 guide for this peak. The slope 
 on rt. soon after entering the 
 valley shows an intruding mass 
 of melaphyr. 
 
 (c) To the Wolfshach Thai. 
 This valley contains some of the 
 finest scenery in the Julian Alps. 
 Take a car along the Canal Thai 
 W. through Saifnitz to Wolfs- 
 bach, at the entrance of the 
 valley, 5 m., where it may be 
 put up, and explore it to the foot 
 of the Balitza Spitzen, which 
 close it in on S. with a buttressed 
 wall. The Wischberg shows it¬ 
 self on rt.-hand corner, and the 
 Jof di Montasio or Seisera (8736 
 ft.) stands at the extreme right, 
 though hardly visible from the 
 
 valley. But there is a track 
 over the low ridge W., leading 
 into the Caned di Dogna, from 
 the summit of wliich is a noble 
 view. There is another track 
 out of this valley into the Raibl 
 Thai, S. of the Eaibl See, by 
 passing a col between the Wisch¬ 
 berg N., and Monte Cregnedul S. 
 
 Many interesting alpine plants 
 are to be found among the rocks 
 at the S.W. corner of the valley. 
 
 As the inhabitants of Wolfsbach are 
 Slovenes, it would be advisable to take a 
 guide from Tarvis who knows “Krainer- 
 isch.” 
 
 (d) To the Luschariberg. TJiis 
 is a mtn. (5855 ft.) crowned by 
 the pilgrimage ch. of Maria 
 Luschari, erected in 1360, on the 
 spot where a shepherd found 
 an image of the virgin among 
 the juniper - bushes. Pilgrims 
 20,000 yearly; ch. opened on As¬ 
 cension Day, and closed after the 
 ist Sunday in Oct. Besides the 
 ch. there are 3 buildings for the 
 refreshment of pilgrims, a priest’s 
 house, and shops for the sale of 
 rosaries, &c. Saifnitz lies at its 
 foot, and tlie ascent can be made 
 from this vill. uj) by the side of 
 a steep gulley, in 3 hi-s. The 
 near view of the Mangert, Sebnik, 
 Wischberg, and Jof di Montasio, 
 is magnificent; but it is also 
 extensive, including the Gross 
 Glockner, Ankogel, and other 
 Noric Alps, and W. the Antelao 
 and Marmoiata. The descent may 
 be made by another route on light 
 sledges in 20 min. for i florin each, 
 under the guidance of men who, 
 armed with steigeisen, steer the 
 sledges. 
 
 [From Unter-Tarvis a rd. runs 
 E. out of the Gailitz basin to 
 Weissenfels, the first vill. in Car- 
 
 u 2 
 
583 Rte.^oO.—VIENNA to VENICE hij KLAGENFVRT. 584 
 
 iiiola, 4 m., where is a large ii-on- 
 fomidry, and thence to RatschacJi, 
 the watershed between the Save 
 Thai and Gailitz basin, and on 
 to IVurzen 5 m. more. See Kte. 
 
 251] 
 
 [Beyond Raihl a track leads 
 along the W. side of the Eaibl 
 See, and, passing the source of 
 the Schlltza Bach and the water¬ 
 shed, descends the Raccolana 
 Thai to tlie vill. of the same naino 
 at its mouth, which opens into the 
 Valle del Ferro, about 10 m. be¬ 
 low Pontebba (Pontafel). Fine 
 View of N. face of the Flitsch 
 plateau.] 
 
 2 m. Saifnitz, a Slovenic vill. at the 
 foot of the Luschariberg, full of 
 inns for pilgrims. Here the wa¬ 
 tershed between the Adriatic and 
 Black Sea is crossed. 
 
 3 m. Uggowitz, another Slovenic 
 vill. During the summer the 
 whole vill. lives in the Alp pas¬ 
 tures above. 
 
 2 m. Malborgeth. The valley nar¬ 
 rows here, and the fortress Tala- 
 vai stands on N. side, and guards 
 the pass. It was nobly defended 
 against the French in 1809. A. 
 monument to the memory of those 
 who fell stands on the N. side, a 
 little distance from the rd. 
 
 3 m. Lussnitz, a Slovenic village. 
 There is a strong sulphur spring, 
 and a bathing establishment here. 
 
 l^m. Leopoldskirchen, a German 
 vill. The fine peak wliich rises 
 to N. is the Schinoutz (6541 ft.). 
 
 3 | m. Pontafel {Inn: Post, good). 
 The torrent which comes down a 
 aavine from N., and crosses the 
 
 narrow valley to join the Fella, 
 separates Carinthia from Venetia, 
 German life from Italian. Ger¬ 
 man Pontafel is united with Ita¬ 
 lian Pontebba by the bridge over 
 the torrent. Here the Canal Thai 
 ends, and the Valle del Ferro 
 begins. Was strongly fortified by 
 the Venetians; the ruins of the 
 fort are still visible. A track as¬ 
 cends the Bombasch Graben N., 
 and passing over the Watschacher 
 Alp (the habitat of the Wulfenia 
 carinthiaca), between the rocks of 
 the Troghojl and Gartnerhogl, 
 reaches Watschig, and thence 
 Hermagor in the Gail Thai in 
 7 hrs. SeeRte. 223A. 
 
 The Valle del Ferro runs S., 
 shut in between arid and rocky 
 sloj)es. After catching a glimpse 
 of the bold form of the Jof di 
 Montasio ^S.E., the traveller 
 passes through 
 
 Dogna, a vill. at the mouth 7 m 
 of its valley. 
 
 [An interesting excursion maj^ 
 be made E., up the Canale di 
 Dogna, which can be prolonged 
 over the ridge into the Wolfs- 
 bach Thai already mentioned. 
 
 The precipices of Monte Cimone 
 and the Jb/ di Montasio are very 
 striking. The inhabitants of this 
 valley and of the Raccolana Thai, 
 and Resia Thai S., are mostly 
 Slovenic. This district is the 
 meeting-ground of three races — 
 German, Slovenic, and Italian.] . 
 
 ^Chiusa. 1 . on the opposite side 3 m 
 of the stream is Raccolana, at the 
 mouth of its valley. 
 
 [This valley displays fine scen¬ 
 ery at its head. Crossing a low 
 watershed, the Raibl See and 
 Raibl are reached. See Rte. 254.] 
 
 The Valle del Feri-o now turns 
 W., opens out, and reaches 
 
585 Bte.2oQ.— VIENNA to VENICE hij KLAGENFURT. 586 
 
 6m. Resiutta {Inn: Post, indif¬ 
 ferent), at tlie opening of the 
 Canale della Besia, which ascends 
 to the base of the Flitscli plateau. 
 Alte. Plauris and its spurs rise 
 up boldly S. ; N.W. is the pin¬ 
 nacled mass of the Crefa Grau- 
 zaria. W. is the curious conical 
 form of Mte. Mariana. 
 
 ^ Beyond, Moggio is seen on N. 
 side of stream, which winds along 
 T 7 i a sea of barren deh'is, until 
 it joins the Tagliamento at the 
 broad entrance into the Caiial 
 di Socchieve. 
 
 [5 m. beyond Eesiutta a road 
 diverges rt., and crosses the Fella 
 dieavy toll) to ascend the Canal 
 di Socchieve, the longitudinal 
 valley of Carnia. 7 m. further 
 is Tolmezzo{Inn: fair), at the open¬ 
 ing into the Vcdle di S. Pietro. 
 Rainfall here heavy : average of 
 10 years, 78 in. In 1803 it was 
 141 in. Up the Valle di S. Pietro 
 N. is a mountain-rd. made by the 
 Romans, and ascending by Zug- 
 lio, Paluzza {Inn: miserable), 
 and over the Plecken Pass to 
 Mauthen in the Gail Thai (see 
 Rte. 223 a). 
 
 5 m. above Tolmezzo, in the 
 main valley, is Villa, where 
 another lateral valley, the Canal 
 di Gorto, opens out N. Ascending 
 by it is a carriage-rd,, rougli occa¬ 
 sionally, by Comeglians, Bigolato 
 {Inn: poor),to FornoAvoltri {Inn: 
 Cavallo bianco); an"d thence W. 
 by Cima (Orfen) and Sappada 
 {Inn: zum Rossel, good) (Pladen), 
 
 2 old German colonies, and pass¬ 
 ing, near Cima, the line of water¬ 
 shed between the Tagliamento 
 and Piave, arrives at Pieve di 
 Cadore (Rte. 228 a.). In the 
 descent from Sappada two fine 
 gorges of the Piave are passed 
 through. 
 
 Beyond, in the main valley 
 (9m.), isAmpezzo {Inn: due Co- 
 lumbe, decent), where the Lumiei 
 emerges from a gorge. Over Mte. 
 Pura^ N. is a track, 5 hrs., to 
 Sauris, another isolated German 
 colony (see Rte. 228 a). 
 
 Above Ampezzo is the Upper 
 Socchieve, with the vills. of Forno 
 di Sotto and Forno di Sopra (rough 
 Inn ). Here the carriage-rd. ends. 
 
 A track continues by Mauri a over 
 a grassy col (4293 ft.) down to 
 Lorenzago, a large flourishing vill. 
 overlooking the Piave. Thence 
 I h hr. drive to Pieve di Cadore 
 (Rte. 2 28 a ). The rocky ridges 
 of Mte. Premaggiore and Mte. Mon- 
 falcone attract attention, 1. near 
 Forno di Sopra ; and in descend¬ 
 ing to Lorenzago the Antelao 
 and Marmarolo, with a portion of 
 i\\G Auronzo dolomites, are promi¬ 
 nent and noble objects in front.J 
 
 Venzone, at the mouth of a 8 m, 
 valley of same name, a walled 
 village, supported by the culture 
 of the silkworm. The dead 
 bodies in the ch. are preserved 
 as mummies. 
 
 Ospedaletto. 2 i m. 
 
 Gemona, otf the rd. on 1 ., 2 m. 
 a walled town with fine ch. in 
 the Byzantine style. Scenery 
 pretty. 
 
 [Opposite Gemona a road runs 
 S.W. through S. Daniele, X4 m., 
 direct to Codroipo, a stat. on the 
 Venice and Trieste Rly., 20 m. 
 beyond S. Daniele.] 
 
 Collalto, a village with an old 9 m. 
 castle of the Counts of Collalto. 
 
 The hills are left behind, and 
 the plains of Friuli, rich in vines, 
 maize, corn, and mulberries, are 
 entered upon. 
 

 587 Rte. VIENNA to VENICE hy KLAGENFURT. 588 
 
 2 ]n. Trigesimo. 
 
 9 m. Udine (Inns: Europa, good; 
 Stella; Croce di Malta), a stat. 
 on the Venice and Trieste Rhj. 
 An ancient town, the capital of 
 Eriuli. In the centre is the old 
 town ; some of its walls remain, 
 and it is surrounded by a fosse 
 filled with watei-. The nucleus 
 of the whole is a Castle on a 
 height, used as a prison and 
 barracks, the only eminence in 
 the plain. It stands above a 
 circular public garden sur¬ 
 rounded by trees. View most 
 extensive, Isut can only be seen 
 by permission of the commandant. 
 It is said to be an artificial mound 
 raised by Attila that he might 
 see from it the conflagration of 
 Aquileia. 
 
 Udine presents some features 
 of resemblance to its mother city 
 Venice. It has its Grand Place; 
 its Hotel de Ville, an imitation of 
 the Doge’s palace, containing an 
 “ Ajax escaped from shipwreck,” 
 by Luccardi of Eome, 1851, and 
 some beautiful spiral columns 
 on the ground floor; its tioo 
 Columns; Winged Lion of St. 
 Marie; and Campanile of 12th 
 centy. The Daomo, in the Corin¬ 
 thian style, with 14th centy. 
 centre doorway and 3 rose win¬ 
 dows, is the most interesting 
 building. See also in the ch. of 
 Ma. delle Grazie, a Virgin and 
 Child enthroned, by Luca Mon- 
 verde, and the altarpiece of the 
 Ch. of St. George, St. George 
 and the Dragon. 
 
 In the Capella Mancini at¬ 
 tached to the Casa Torriani are 
 4 large bas-reliefs by Canova’s 
 master, Torretti, readily shown. 
 
 The Campo Santo of Udine is 
 not ancient, and does not deserve a 
 visit. 
 
 [5 m. S.W. is Campo Formio, 
 where a treaty between Napoleon 
 and tlie Emp. of Austria was 
 signed October, 1797 . 
 
 [15 m. N.W. is S. Daniele, 
 where are a few early fragments 
 in a round Chapel, by Pellegrino 
 di S. Daniele.] 
 
 [12 m. E. is Cividale, the an¬ 
 cient Forum Jidii, and later the 
 seat of a line of Lombard Dukes. 
 
 Many Roman remains in the 
 Museum. See the Baptistery of 
 Callixtus, patriarch of Aquileia, 
 
 8th centy., jdaced in 1463 in the 
 interior of tlie Duomo or Ch. of 
 St. John, built 145 7. On its high 
 altar is a work of silver gilt, date 
 1180, of Virgin and Child. Also 
 the marble throne of the Patri¬ 
 archs of Aquileia. In the Ch. of 
 Sta. Maria dei Battigli, on the 
 altar, is the masterpiece of Pelle¬ 
 grino di San Daniele, described 
 by Vasari. In the Ch. of St. 
 Martin on the other side of river, 
 the high altar of St. Perrimo is 
 another Lombard monument. 
 Bridge over the Natisone, date 
 1446, is a fine point of view. 
 
 From hero a rd. leads up the 
 Natisone Valley, about 19 m., to 
 Caporetto in the Isonzothal. See 
 Rte. 254.] 
 
 Codroipo (Inn: Imperatore), 14 m. 
 a stat. 3 m. beyond is an iron 
 bridge, 3382 ft. long, across the 
 Tagliamento, and its bed, which 
 is a sea of stones. The lowest 
 part of this bed is 30 ft. above 
 Codroipo. 
 
 Pordenone (Inn: La Posta, 17 ra. 
 good), a stat. Supposed to be 
 tlie Portus Naonis of the Romans. 
 
 The chief ch. contains a St, 
 Christopher by Pordenone, who 
 was born here. 
 
589 Rte. 2 Dl.—VILLAGE to LAIBACH. JULIAX ALPS. 590 
 
 7 m. Sacile [Inn: Post), a stat.! 
 Surrounded by a wall and ditch, j 
 The Podesta’s palace a consider¬ 
 able building. • 
 
 [The rd. by the pass of Am- 
 pezzo to Innsbruck (Ete. 228) I 
 falls into this route about 2 m. 
 before reaching] 
 
 12 m. Conegliano ( 7 nn; Post, good), 
 a stat. A beautiful town, con -1 
 spicuous at a distance from its ! 
 picturesque castle-crowned hill, j 
 which appears in the back-1 
 grounds of the painter, Baptista 
 Cima, whose birthplace it was. 
 
 Beyond, the railroad turns S., 
 crosses the Piave by a bridge of 
 many arches, and proceeds to 
 
 7 m. Spresiano, a stat. 
 
 82 m. Treviso {Inns : 4 Corone; 
 Albergo Reale, good), a stat. 
 See Ete. 222. The approach to 
 this town is pleasing; the broad 
 and well-kept rd. is lined with 
 villas. 
 
 iqm. Mestre, a stat. {Inns: avoid 
 them; the Albergo Eeale or 
 Campana the best). 
 
 The Ely. from Mestre turns 
 E., and crosses the Lagune upon 
 a long bridge to 
 
 4 ^ m. Venice, tenninus. See Hand¬ 
 book for Xorth Italy. 
 
 Rte. 251 .—VULACH to LAI¬ 
 BACH, by the SAVETHAL and 
 JTJLIAH ALPS. 
 
 VILLACH to 
 
 EXG. 3r. 
 
 Wurzen . 
 
 16 
 
 Kronau . , 
 
 2 
 
 Lengeufeld . 
 
 9 
 
 Veldes . . 
 
 12 
 
 Eadmannsdorf 
 
 4 
 
 EKG. M. 
 
 Ivrainburg . 13 
 
 Laibach . . 17 
 
 Eilwagen dailj’, in 14 hrs. Ed. good. 
 Though the language is everywhere Slo- 
 venic, most of the innkeepers speak 
 German. 
 
 The Julian Alps are the true 
 representatives on the S. of the 
 Tannengebirge, Dachstein, &c., 
 of the N. limestone Alps. But a 
 penetrating dolomitization which 
 extends to 6oco ft. above the sea 
 gives them a different character. 
 They are more precipitous and 
 rugged; and exhibit odd rather 
 than fine fonns. Water is absent in 
 most of the cross valleys, and only 
 comes to light at the opening into 
 the main valley. They are there¬ 
 fore poor in lakes and waterfalls : 
 only I of each; and the lakes are 
 not so happily placed for scenery 
 as those in the N. The only 
 glacier—about 1500 ft. long and 
 broad—lies under the protection 
 of the upper precipice (1700 ft.) 
 of the Terglon. The great 
 Wochein plateau with its appen¬ 
 dages is the most remarkable 
 phenomenon of the district; but 
 the finest sceneiy is to be found 
 in the cross valleys wliich open 
 into the valley of the Wurzen- 
 Save. 
 
 From Villach the rd. to Venice 
 is followed as far as Tschau (Rte. 
 250). Here the rd. into Carniola 
 
I 
 
 591 Bte. 251.—VILLACII to LAIBACH. JULIAN ALPS. 592 
 
 diverges 1., and commences a 
 winding ascent towards tlie col 
 (3496 fit.) between the Kamen 
 Vrh * and Pecz Vrli. Fine view, 
 looking back, of the Dobrac, 
 lower Gail, Villacli, Faaker See, 
 and Ossiacher See. On the de¬ 
 scent a finer view of the wdiite 
 walls of the Traunig and Prismig, 
 two of the peaks of the Julian 
 Alps, standing at the head of 2 
 cross valleys that open out into 
 the verdant and charming Save- 
 thal below. After a zigzag the 
 road enters 
 
 16 m. Wurzen {Inn: Post, 3 rooms, 
 good). The favourite head¬ 
 quarters of Sir Humphry Davy. 
 A centre for excursions. The 
 Upper or Wurzen-Save owes the 
 luxuriance of its pastures to the 
 presence of easily disintegrable 
 tertiary beds (the same as those 
 filling the Gailitz basin, Ete. 250), 
 which in large patches cover the 
 slopes to a height of some 800 ft. 
 above the valley. The valley 
 bottom, from the presence of the 
 limestone debris continually 
 brought down the cross valleys, 
 is often poor. 
 
 Excursions. 
 
 a. To the Source of the Save. 
 
 I m. from Wurzen, on the rd. to 
 Tarvis, is a pond, often considered 
 as the source; but the real 
 source is at the head of the 
 Planitzathal, a wild rocky valley 
 which opens out opjDosite the 
 pond and deserves a visit. The 
 stream, lost in the valley, comes 
 to light not far from, the pond, 
 and flows into it. To the source 
 and back 4 hrs. 
 
 * Vrh (pronounced Werch; the ch to 
 he sounded like the ch in the Scottish 
 “ loch ”) is Slovenic for “ mountain.” 
 
 b. To the Weissenfels Lakes at 
 N. base of the Mangert. To 
 Eatschach on the Tarvis rd.; 
 and a little beyond, take a 
 track which goes through the 
 fields to the entrance of the 
 valley—the Lahnthal. Cross the 
 stream that comes from the lower 
 lake, and continue through wood 
 to the first lake. Here Sir H. 
 Davy used to fish and dine. The 
 second lake is close by. Both 
 are very secluded. The Mangert 
 and the enormous precipices 
 extending from it E. are in view. 
 There is a track that continues 
 up the valley and ascends at its 
 S.W. angle to a col (6761 ft.) W. 
 of the Mangert, descending to 
 Ober Preth on the Predil Pass 
 (see Ete. 254). From near this 
 col the Mangert, (8775 ft.) may 
 be ascended instead of from 
 Eaibl (see Ete. 250 ). Time to 
 head of valley and back to 
 Wm-zen, 4 h. 
 
 c. By the Kronau Pass into 
 the Isonzothal. 
 
 Descend the high road to 
 Kronau, a considerable village at 
 the broad mouth of the Pischenza 
 Thai, closed in on S. by the bare 
 Prisinig. The path goes up i,his 
 valley, for a time on a level, over 
 fields of white de'bris, and then 
 turns rt. to ascend the slope to 
 the col ( 3 | h.) The View of the 
 precipices of the Spik, &c., look¬ 
 ing back when half way up, and 
 of the near Prisinig with its 
 enormous stony talus, magnifis 
 cent. At this point a spriiig of 
 delicious cold water. View from 
 the col limited, but it can be im¬ 
 proved by ascending the shoulder 
 of the Prisinig 1 . The Eazor 
 Sp. is in view 1 ., with the summit 
 of the Terglou behind ; and the 
 Sebnik on rt. 1000 ft. below the 
 summit of the Prisinig W. is a 
 
593 Iiie.25l.— VILLACH to LAIBACH. JULIAN ALPS. 594 
 
 curious cavern partly filled witli 
 snow. A steep and bad descent 
 leads down to Sta. Maria cli 
 Trenta, the highest village in the 
 Isonzo Thai, h. From here 
 the source of the Isonzo may 
 be visited, a 2 hours’ walk, but 
 scarcely worth the while. One 
 hr. below Trenta, at Looch, is a 
 grand view of the Peaks of the 
 Terglou E. at the head of a lateral 
 valley. The Isonzo here takes 
 a great bend and runs ^Y. by S., 
 passing by Sotscha, and emerging 
 into the open basin of Flitsch. 
 Time 6 hrs. from Trenta to Flitsch 
 (see Ete. 254). The latter half 
 of the distance is dreary; and 
 memorials of fatal accidents ap¬ 
 pear very frequently. Guide 
 and provisions necessary: milk 
 may be had at Trenta, and 
 perliaps a dinner from the priest 
 at Sotscha. 
 
 d. Ascent of the Kamen Vrh 
 C5417 ft.) or of the Voschza (5681 
 ft.). ^ To gain an adequate con¬ 
 ception of the Julian Alps, it is 
 desirable to ascend one or more 
 of the peaks of the Karawankas 
 opposite. For this either the 
 Kamen Vrh above AVurzen, or the 
 Voschza N.E. of Kronau, is 
 adapted. A German - speaking 
 guide advisable. The summit of 
 the Dohrac ofiers a more general 
 and distant view of the range. 
 See Ete. 243. 
 
 2 m. Kronau {Inn: bare, but Pufitsch 
 has left, and it may have improved 
 under better management). 
 
 9 m. Lengenfeld (Jwn: very good), 
 situated high above road on 1. 
 The large village below at lire 
 opening into the Urata Thai is 
 Moistrana. An interesting ex¬ 
 cursion may be made up this 
 
 valley, past the Peritschnik 
 waterfall on rt.—which the tra¬ 
 veller may walk under—to the 
 summit of the Luhnia Pass (about 
 6000 ft.), under the Terglou. By 
 looking up here the border of the 
 Terglou glacier may be seen—■ 
 7 hrs. there and back. From this 
 col is a descent down to Looch 
 in the Isonzo Thai. See the 
 Kronau Pass excursion above. 
 
 a. Ascent of the Terglou 
 (9172 ft.). 
 
 This is usually made from 
 Mitterdorf in the Wochein, but 
 can also be made from Lengen¬ 
 feld. 
 
 The Terglou (Slovenic Triglav, 
 “three peaks,” from its form), 
 the culminating point of the 
 Julian Alps, has been hitherto 
 but rarely ascended. It is a 
 work of some difficulty, if not 
 danger. Alois Kovals of Mois¬ 
 trana is a good guide, also 
 Kontzhach and Sturm; but 2 are 
 recommended to be taken. Steig- 
 eisen necessary. The approach 
 is by the Kerma Thai to the 
 upper Kerma Huts (5331 ft.), 
 the night quarters, in 6 hrs. The 
 next morning’s work consists of 
 the ascent to the saddle (6332 ft.) 
 which separates the Kerma Thai 
 from the Belpole Alp, i hr.; up 
 an enormous talus to the foot of 
 the little or Mali Terglou, the 
 most eastern of the 3 peaks; 
 through “ das Thor des Terglou," 
 and thence to the summit of the 
 little Terglou (8820 ft). The 
 ridge connecting this with the 
 middle and higher peak is very 
 narrow, in one part only 8 inches 
 wide. The climbing of the 
 highest peak requires strenuous 
 hand and foot work. Through¬ 
 out care must be taken in trust¬ 
 ing to the weathered rock, which 
 often gives way when tested. 
 
595 Rte. 251 —VILLACH to LAIBACH. JULIAN ALPS. 596 
 
 Time from the hut to the summit 
 hrs. Descent to the hut 2J 
 hrs.; and return to Lengenfeld 
 4 hrs. This ascent was made by 
 Capt, Holsmay in Sept. 1861. 
 View. The Venetian plain, Adria¬ 
 tic and Karst,—when quite clear 
 Venice, Treviso, and Conegliano 
 are seen—the panorama from the 
 Orteler to the Hochalmspitze, 
 and Carinthia with the Kara- 
 wankas. 
 
 h. Ascent of the Mittagslwgl 
 (7070 ft.). 
 
 From this fine peak of the 
 Karawankas a magnificent view 
 of the Wochein plateau, the 
 Terglou, and the E. section of 
 the Julian Alps may be obtained. 
 It is immediately behind Len¬ 
 genfeld, and is ascended by the 
 Planitza and Pleveunza Alps, the 
 latter 6515 ft. 
 
 Th.e road continues to descend 
 the Save Thai, the scenery in¬ 
 ferior, and reaches 
 
 €m. Assling, a village with iron¬ 
 works. The Save here is ico ft. 
 below the surface of the dilu¬ 
 vium. About a mile further 
 the route follows a country road 
 which diverges rt., ci-osses the 
 Save, and ascends the steep 
 edge of the plateau. It then 
 proceeds S., crosses the Eothwein 
 (Raduna), and arrives at 
 
 C m. Veldes (Jn?is: Petran’s, good ; 
 Stadt Triest; Badehaus; all close 
 to the lake and J m. from the 
 village). A summer-resort for 
 fashionables from Laibach and 
 merchants from Triest. 
 
 [The main road continues to 
 follow the Save more than to m. 
 below Assling to Unter Ottoh, 
 whence the usual road to Veldes 
 diverges to pass through Rad- 
 
 mannsdorf on the way. A great 
 detour.] 
 
 The village is at N.E. corner 
 of the charmingly situated lake 
 (above i m. long and-f m. broad), 
 and not far from the former 
 Scldoss of the Bishops of Brixen, 
 finely placed on a precipice (350 
 ft.) overlooking the lake. The 
 Schloss (now Herr Ruart's) de¬ 
 serves a visit for its View of this 
 mountain basin with its wooded 
 island and Ch. of Maria am See, 
 and of the Save Thai. In tbe 
 distance the iStow (7525 ft), and 
 Grintouz (8386 ft.), the 2 highest 
 peaks of the Karawankas (see 
 Rte. 243), visible N. and N.E. 
 The lake is fed by its own springs 
 and 2 rivulets; its outflow de¬ 
 scends to the Saviiza or Wochein 
 Save, which runs close by at a 
 level 150 ft. below. 
 
 In the PoJduha Plateau W. of 
 Veldes are many funnel-shaped 
 dej)ressions containing pisolitic 
 iron-ore (Bohnerz). Some of them 
 were worked for iron by the 
 Romans. 
 
 Excursion to the Wochein-See, 
 
 source of Savitza, and ascent 
 
 of the Terglou. 
 
 The lake and source may be visited 
 from Veldes in i day (ij hrs., or 50 m. 
 there and back), but it is pleasanter to 
 sleep at Feistritz. 
 
 Take countiy cars to Feistritz 
 15 m. {Inn: tolerable.) Thence 
 5 m. to the lake, where the car 
 is left to wait near the ch.; and 
 a boat takes the traveller across 
 the lake 3 m. Thence it is a 
 walk of 5 m. to the Source. It 
 bursts out of a rock in a cas¬ 
 cade of 210 ft., and there is a fine 
 View. In no paii of the valley 
 is the scenery of a very high 
 [order; from Veldes to Feistritz 
 
597 lUe. 261 .—VILLACH to LAIBACH. JULIAN ALPS. 598 
 
 the valley is closely shut in ; but 
 beyond it opens, and near the 
 lake the Terglou is visible N. 
 Tliere is an attraction, however, 
 in the brilliant green colour and 
 transparency, of the waters of the 
 Savitza. 
 
 Immediately S. of Feistritz is 
 the ScJiivarzenberg (Czernaprst, 
 
 " 5878 ft.), rich in plants. Geranium 
 cirgenteum is abundant. 
 
 At Vittnach are the remains of 
 ironworlcs worked by the Romans. 
 
 The’ Terglou is usually ascended 
 from Mitterdorf, a village in a 
 lateral valley N. of Feistritz, 
 whose stream falls into the 
 Savitza, near the AYochein See. 
 Two days’ provisions should be 
 taken from Feistritz. Scliest of 
 Mitterdorf is a guide. A hut 
 on the Belpole Alp (5450 ft.) is 
 the usual night-quarters, 4 hrs. 
 A steep ascent brings the tra¬ 
 veller to the saddle overlooking 
 lire Kerma Thai. From this 
 point the course is similar to that , 
 already given in the description 
 of the ascent as made from Len- 
 genfeld (c. 594 ). Mr. Ball ascended 
 by this route in July, 1865. 
 
 [There is a track in continua¬ 
 tion of that to the som-ce of the 
 Savitza, which, crossing the pla¬ 
 teau W. by the “ na Kraja" 
 chalet, reaches its edge S. of Mte. 
 Cau, and descends by “ na Scala ” 
 to Sotscha (see above), in the 
 Isonzo Thai. Probably a toil¬ 
 some route. See another into 
 the Isonzo Thai from Wurzen 
 above.] 
 
 4 m. Radmannsdorf, a vill. immedi¬ 
 ately below the junction of the 2 
 Saves, the one blue, the other 
 green. As the traveller leaves 
 Veldes the landscape unfolds more 
 and more, and at last displays the 
 Terglou nobly as the culmination 
 
 of 4 distinct lower and parallel 
 lines of ridge that rise from the 
 surface of the Wochein plateau. 
 
 One of the finest vieivs in Car- 
 niola; much admired by Sir H, 
 Davy. 
 
 The valley gradually widens, 
 isolated hills appear crowned 
 with white churches, and signs 
 of population and prosperity 
 present themselves. Observe the 
 5 or 6 broad and high river ter¬ 
 races, and the depth of the dilu¬ 
 vium which fills the whole valley. 
 
 At Radmannsdorf the Save is 280 
 ft. below the surface. 
 
 _ Nagles or Naklass. Here the 9 m, 
 high road over the Lotbl Pass 
 falls in. See Rte. 243. 
 
 Krainburg (Inns: Post; 4 
 IMayer’s, close to bridge: both 
 good). See Rte. 243. 
 
 Laibach {Inns: Stadt Wien, 17 m. 
 good; Elephant; Wilden Mann; 
 Baierischen Hof), a stat. on the 
 Vienna and Trieste Rly. See Rte. 
 
 243. 
 
 For Bte. 252 {Gratz to Kbr- 
 mond) see S. Germ. HandbJc. 
 
599 
 
 llte. 2oS.—GitATZto KLAGENFUBT. 
 
 COO 
 
 Rte. 253 .--GBATZ to KLA- 
 GENFURT, by MARBURG. 
 
 GRATZ (by rly, 
 throughout) to 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Marburg . 40 
 
 Mahrenberg. 28^ 
 Untcr-Drau- 
 burg . . 
 
 . Priivali . , 7 
 
 ENG. M. 
 
 Bleiburg . 7 
 
 Kiihnsdorf . 
 Klagenfurt. i6| 
 
 120 
 
 The traveller -will now take this route 
 by rly. There is but i daily train each 
 way between Marburg and Klagenfurt. 
 'rime, 5 hrs. They are in correspondence 
 with trains from Vienna and from 
 Trieste, but on certain days the quick 
 trains from those termini will only carry 
 ist-class passengers to and from Mar¬ 
 burg. 
 
 From Gratz to Marbm’g, see 
 Rtes. 247 and 248. 
 
 The branch rly. to Klagenfurt 
 and Villach leaves the main line S. 
 of Marbm*g and the river Drave, 
 and ascends the Drauthal W., 
 whicli soon narrows into a space 
 filled up by rd., river, and rly. 
 Landscape picturesque; many cas¬ 
 cades on each side of river. The 
 chapel oi St. Urban stands upon 
 a height near Marburg on rt. On 
 1 . are the Bacher Gehirge, the 
 highest point of which (5184 ft.) 
 stands immediately S. of Maria 
 Bast, the 2nd stat. beyond Mar¬ 
 burg. 
 
 28 J m. Mahrenberg, a stat. {Inn: 
 Post). Valley here more open, and 
 well-cultivated; scattered over 
 with iron-forges and charcoal- 
 burners’ huts. 
 
 [A rd. crosses the ridge N. to 
 Eihiswald, and leads thence by 
 Schwanherg on the Sulm, Lands- 
 berg, and Stainz, to Gratz, about 
 40 m. It passes through beauti¬ 
 
 ful and varied scenery, the ivine- 
 country of Lower Styria. The 
 tertiary rocks in the deep ravines 
 of the Sulm and its tributaries 
 have been worn, so as to rival in 
 their miniature outline “ the ser¬ 
 rated peaks of the higher Alps.”] 
 
 Unter-Drauburg, a slat. (Inn .-Hi 
 Post). The first town in Carin- 
 thia, and named to match Ober 
 Brauburg on the W. frontier. 
 
 The rly. here leaves the Drave 
 and diverges S.W. 
 
 [6 m. N.VV. is Lavamund at 
 the broad opening into the 
 Lavant Thai, from the fertility of 
 its soil called the Paradise of 
 Carinthia. 6 m. up is the large 
 Benedictine Monastery of St. 
 Paul, founded 1091; at one time 
 exceedingly wealthy. It contains 
 much that is interesting to the an¬ 
 tiquarian ; amongst other things, 
 the tombs of the founders, and of 
 some of the most ancient members 
 of the Habsburg family, brough t 
 hither in 1809 from the mother 
 Abbey of St. Blaize in the Black 
 Forest by the monks of that 
 abbey, when it was dissolved in 
 1807 as a consequence of the' 
 breaking up of the old German 
 empire. 
 
 4 m. further a road diverges 1. 
 over the Griffnerberg to Volker- 
 markt, 12 m. 
 
 I m. further is St. Andrd, up to 
 1809 the residence of the prince- 
 bishops of Lavant, then removed 
 to Marburg. 
 
 6 m. beyond is Wolfsberg {Inns : 
 pretty good), the principal town 
 in the Unter Lavant Thai, with 
 a fine new Schloss overlooking it 
 from a height, and surrounded 
 by picturesque and rich scenery. 
 
 An excursion may be made to 
 the summit of the Koralpe (7009 
 ft.): good night-quarters at a hut 
 
601 
 
 Rte. 2o3.-~GRATZ to KLA GENFURT. 
 
 602 
 
 2 hr. below the top, frequented 
 by travellers. Flora interesting : 
 amongst others the very rare 
 Zahlbruchnera paradoxa. At 
 Spitzelsofen, on the slopes of the 
 Koralpe, is an Etruscan inscrip¬ 
 tion. The mountain range oppoiste 
 the Koralpe is the Saualpe ; both 
 consistof gneiss and mica clay slate. 
 On Easter-eve the Lavanters are 
 accustomed to kindle hundreds 
 of bonfires, which are spread for 
 miles over both mountain-slopes, 
 and along the reaches of the 
 valle}^ 
 
 5 m. beyond is an opening into 
 the Tivimhurg Graben E. Three 
 days in the week a Stellwagen 
 runs from Wolfsberg, by this 
 Graben to Breitenegg, over the 
 Pack Alp (3699 ft.), and by 
 Edelschrott to Kojlach, about 22 
 m., where are beds of lignite 
 used on the Vienna and Trieste 
 Ply. From Koflach to Gratz by 
 liy. (30 m.) in 2 h. 
 
 On a rough car-road which 
 cuts off the bend in the main 
 valley between Wolfsberg and St. 
 Leonhard in the Upper Lavant, is 
 Prdbel, noted for its mineral 
 springs, and visited even from 
 Trieste. A fine view from it of 
 the Lower Lavant. St. Leonhard 
 is II m. (by the main valley) 
 beyond Wolfsberg : on the way 
 are several ironworks. 
 
 4 m. above St. Leonhard is 
 Reichenfels, which in its name 
 recalls its long-exhausted gold 
 and silver mines. 
 
 The frontier of Carinthia and 
 Styria is crossed i m. further, 
 and a little beyond is a decent 
 Inn, Zum Taxwirthe. From this 
 point W. the Sirbitzhogl (7862 
 ft.) may be ascended. It is i h. 
 steeply to Sta. Anna; and thence 
 continuing on tlie ridge, and by a 
 fall of the Lavant to the Lavant 
 
 See, which is the source of the 
 stream. The summit is i hr. 
 above the lake. For View, see 
 Ete. 250. 
 
 From the Inn the rd. continues 
 to Oldach ; and thence it descends 
 by the Granizenbach to Weis- 
 kirchen and Judenburg in the 
 Mur Thai, about 14 m. See 
 Ete. 250.)] 
 
 Passing the small town of 
 Guttenstein S., the rly. reaches 
 
 Pravali, a stat. At the en- 7 m, 
 trance to the picturesque Miesthal, 
 see Ete. 243. The fine lime¬ 
 stone mass in view S.W. is the 
 Petschenkogl (6925 ft.). Large 
 ironworks. 
 
 Bleiburg, a stat. From hereTm. 
 also is a road S. to Mies in the 
 Mies Thai, about 6 m. The 
 Petschenkogl full S; at its foot 
 was a Eoman colony, Jtienna. 
 Hence the name of the Jaunthal, 
 a small plain, wliich the rly. now 
 crosses to 
 
 Kuhnsdorf, a stat. 2 m. S.'is9J m. 
 Eberndorf, and an old monastery 
 belonging to the Benedictines of 
 St. Paul in the Lavantthal. Date 
 11 th centy. To protect it against 
 the Turks, it was surrounded by 
 walls and a moat, which still re¬ 
 main. Beyond Eberndorf is the 
 road to Kappel in the Vellach 
 Thai, see Ete. 243 a. 2 m. N. is 
 Vblkermarkt, on the N. side of 
 the Drave, one of the staple 
 towns for the iron trade, burnt 
 down in 1830, and rebuilt. Visit 
 St. Rupert's ch., which goes back 
 to the introduction of Christianity 
 into Carinthia, under Modestus, 
 in the 8th centy. 
 
 The rly. again approaches the 
 Drave, deeply buried in diluvium, 
 
603 me. 254 :.~TRIE 8 TEto VILLACH. The ISONZO. 604 
 
 
 and after crossing it near Stein, 
 makes a straight course for 
 
 16 J m. Klagenfurt (Inns: Kaiser von 
 Oesterreich, best and good > 
 Moser’s, good; Kaiser Krone, 
 indifferent; Post, not good; 
 Sonne; Hirscli). See Ete. 243. 
 
 Rte. 254.—TRIESTE to VIL- 
 LACH, hy GORZ, ISONZO- 
 THAL, and PREDIL PASS. 
 
 TRIESTE (l 5 y rly. 
 in about 3 hrs.) 
 to ENG. JI. 
 
 Gorz . . -35^ 
 
 Tolmein . 25 
 
 Karfreid . 10 
 
 Flitsch . .12 
 
 ENG. 51. 
 
 Eaibl... 12 
 
 Tarvis . . 5 
 Villach . . 18 
 
 1174 
 
 Rd. good, but no post-bouses. Dil. 
 from Gorz to Flitsch 4 times a week, in 
 12 hrs. 
 
 Gorz is a pleasantly situated 
 town and worth seeing. The 
 lower Isonzo is a close barren 
 valley; but the scenery improves 
 about Tolmein and culminates at 
 the Predil Pass. 
 
 From Trieste by rly., which 
 coasts along the cliffs overlook¬ 
 ing the sea until it reaches 
 
 12 m. Nabresina, a Junction Stat. 
 with refreshment-room,, dear. Here 
 the trains for Vienna turn off 
 rt. The rly. continues N.W., 
 passing Duino, where is a modern 
 
 chateau of Prince Hohenlohe, 
 and an old ruin on a detached 
 rock. Here Dante was the guest 
 of Pagano delle Torre, patriarch 
 of Aquileia, and composed part 
 of the ‘ Divina Commedia.’ 
 
 San Giovanni. No stat., but6| m. 
 the rly. leaves the sea at this 
 point. Near, the sources of the 
 Timao (the classic Timavus) burst 
 out in volume from the foot of a 
 rock, and form a river which 
 after a course of a mile enters the 
 Adriatic. Sec ‘ JEneid,’ book i., 
 244-246. This stream is con¬ 
 jectured to be the outlet of the 
 Recca, which disappears in a 
 cavern at St. Canzian in the 
 Karst, 25 m. S.E. of this point. 
 
 Monfalcone Stat. {Inn: Leone 3 m. 
 d’Oro), on a hill overlooking the 
 Adriatic, with a remarkable old 
 mil-Fort. 
 
 [10 m. W. of this \iea Aquileia, 
 reached by crossing the Isonzo 
 by a ferry {Inn: Leone d’Oro); in 
 the days of the Komans one of 
 the most important provincial 
 cities, and the bulwark of Italy 
 on its N.W. frontier. It was 
 also the seat of the commerce 
 between Italy and the N. and E. 
 of Europe. Illyria and Pannonia 
 were supplied with corn, wdne, 
 and oil, in exchange for slaves 
 and cattle. Sacked and burnt 
 by Attila, a.d. 45 2. In the time 
 of Augustus it had a Pop. of 
 100,000 souls; now only 1450. 
 Climate pestilential, from the 
 neighbouring marshes. 
 
 The only remains of its old 
 glory are the Duomo, the metro¬ 
 politan ch. of the Patriarch of 
 Aquileia, founded 1019-42, re¬ 
 stored 1245, an'octagon 
 
 Battisterio, Si fragment of an older 
 basilica, with a font in the floor 
 
605 Bte. 254 c.—TEIESTE to VILLAGE. The ISONZO. 606 
 
 for immersion. The Patriarch’s 
 stone throne preserved beliind the 
 high altar. Eoman remains are 
 abundant; a local museum is full 
 of them, and the Apothecaiy of 
 the place has a large collection.J 
 
 The rly. skirts the N.W. out¬ 
 liers of the Karst, and passing 
 Sagrado, and turning at right 
 angles to its former course, and 
 leaving Gradisca 1 ., reaches 
 
 14 m. Gorz (Inns: Tre Corone, good; 
 Stadt Triest), Ital. Gorizia, on 
 tlie Isonzo, in a charming position 
 between mountain and plain, with 
 10,000 Inhab., and the seat of a 
 Bishop. In the upper or old 
 town is the Schloss of the old 
 counts of Gdrz; partly in ruin, 
 partly used as a prison. Famous 
 for its 2')reserved fruits, the best 
 at Eadaelli’s. Charles X., the 
 ex-King of France, with 2 
 members of his family, lie buried 
 here in the chapel of the convent 
 of Castagnovizza, on a height 
 above the town. 
 
 [5 m. above Gorz, overlooking 
 the narrow entrance into the 
 Isonzo Thai, is Monte Santo, 
 crowned by a celebrated pil¬ 
 grimage ch. erected 1544, to 
 commemorate the apjDearance of 
 the Virgin 5 years earlier to a 
 peasant of Salcano. Interior of 
 ch. worth seeing. View over the 
 plain S. with the milky Isonzo 
 stretching away to the sea, and 
 over the plain W. with the 
 Cadore mountains beyond, well 
 worth the climb. Many interest¬ 
 ing ‘plants on the way. 
 
 At Salcano, the first village 
 beyond Gorz, the rd. makes a rt. 
 angle to enter the Isonzo Thai at 
 the foot of Monte Santo.] 
 
 17 m. Canale, a vilL, where the rd. 
 
 crosses to rt. or W. bank of 
 Isonzo. 
 
 About 5 m. further the' rd. 
 abandons the valley to take a N. 
 and more direct course. Beyond, 
 the Idria, an important stream, 
 joins the Isonzo on rt. 
 
 After passing Volzano or Wolt- 
 schach, lying on a cross-ridge, 
 
 Tolmein (Ital, Tolmino) is 8 m. 
 seen on a slope on the oj^posite 
 bank of the river. There is a 
 Schloss close by, where Dante, 
 while guest of Pagano delle 
 Torre, wrote some of his poems— 
 a crag overhanging the river is 
 still called Dante’s Seat. 
 
 The higher mountains of the 
 W. border of the Wocliein plateau 
 become visible ; Mte. Vochu, 
 
 Mte. KucJc, and portions of the 
 Krn Plateau. 
 
 The rd. now pursues a N.W. 
 course to 
 
 Karfreit (Ital. Cap>oretto), 10 m 
 opposite the W. face of the Krn 
 i^erg (7357 ft.) 
 
 [A rd. here diverges W., and 
 coming to the Natisone in 4 m., 
 turns S. to accompany it to Civi- 
 dale, about 15 m. further. See 
 Ete. 250.] 
 
 The rd. continues its N.W. 
 course, and passes Ternova and 
 Serpenizza. At Saaga both rd. 
 and stream make another bend at 
 rt. angles, and enter the basin or 
 plain of Flitsch, shut in on N.W. 
 by the huge Flitsch Plateau. 
 
 Note.—The whole course of the 
 Isonzo is a series of long lines at 
 right angles to each other. 
 
 Flitsch {Inn : Loschnigg’s, 12 m. 
 tolerable) (Slovenic, Pless) ; a 
 small market town picturesquely 
 situated amid the mountains. The 
 
607 Bte. TRIESTE to VILLACU, RREDIL TASS. 608 
 
 Isonzo issues out of the valley 
 openiii" E., but is invisible 
 from Flitscli, its channel being 
 cut deep in the diluvium. It 
 is a desolate waterless region, 
 the sides of the valleys re¬ 
 sembling the openings of a stone- 
 quarry. The surrounding district 
 is so barren that the inhabitants 
 are freed from taxes. Houses are 
 scattered on the margin of the 
 small plain, and especially where, 
 as at the foot of the Plateau, 
 large streams of water emerge to 
 join the Isonzo. 
 
 Ascent of Mte. Prestelenih (about 
 8-jooft.). 
 
 This is a peak on the W. edge 
 of the plateau, overlooking the 
 Kaccolana Thai. The ascent is 
 well worth making. The plateau 
 is approached by means of a long 
 narrow gully, which in 2 hrs. 
 leads to a goatherd’s hut, and a 
 very scanty spring of water at the 
 foot of the Vratni Vrh. The 
 gully opens out into a long stony 
 valley 1., which ascends steeply 
 across the plateau to its W. edge : 
 the peak then lies to 1 . Time 
 from hut to summit 3 hrs. De¬ 
 scent to Flitsch 3 hrs. 
 
 * View of the entire Julian Alps 
 from Mte. Cimone to the Terglou, 
 and of the peaks which stand on 
 the run of the Woehein plateau, 
 magnificent. Interesting near 
 vieAv of the Flitsch Plateau itself. 
 Guide necessary, and water or 
 loine. 
 
 [The Save Thai may be 
 reached from Flitsch by ascend¬ 
 ing the Isonzo Thai to Trenta, 
 and crossing by the Prisinig to 
 Kronau. SeeRte. 251.] 
 
 The rd. on leaving Flitsch 
 ps-occeds N.E., with the Saulwpf, 
 
 a copy of the Pam de Sucre at 
 Courmayeur, on rt., and soon 
 enters the valley of the Cori- 
 tenza, a stream that rises in the 
 Mangert. Fm-ther on, it makes 
 a cheuit to pass round the re¬ 
 mains of an old fort protected by 
 a very deep chasm cut by the 
 river, and enters the 
 
 Flitscher Klause, a narrow 3 m. 
 defile between bare precqnces. 
 Passing 1 . the opening into the 
 Mogenza Thcd, overlooked by the 
 fine peak of Monte Cernjala 
 (Confin Sp), at its head Enter 
 and Mitter 
 
 Preth, the lower vills. of the 4 m. 
 Predil Pass, are entered (small 
 Inn). The massive boss of the 
 Mangert overlooks the scene : E. 
 is the SehniJe; and the long line 
 of precqDices of the Priezel runs 
 from the Sebnik to the Klause. 
 
 The rd. makes a great cheuit 
 with a steej) ascent to 
 
 Ober Preth. Beyond on rt. a 
 stream descends from the Mangert 
 and passes under the rd. Here 
 the route for the ascent of the 
 Mangert turns off. See Rte. 250. 
 
 A little further the rd. passes 
 between the works of the 
 
 Predil Fort, first erected in 2 m. 
 
 1808. Defended bravely in May, 
 
 1809, against an overwhelming 
 French force of 6000 men. A 
 monument erected to the memory 
 of the fallen, similar in character 
 to that at Malborghet (Rte. 250), 
 is by the roadside. Finest view 
 of the Priezel preci^Dices from 
 about this point (3885 ft). After 
 a turn or two another fine view 
 W. is displayed of the Raibl Thai, 
 deep green Raibl See, and the 
 peaks of the Wischberg opposite. 
 
609 
 
 TRIESTE to VILLA CH. PREDIL PASS. 
 
 610 
 
 The rd, now makes a gradual 
 descent N. into 
 
 3 m. Raibl {Inns: Scheidenberger’s, 
 first house on rt. descending 
 from the pass, decent and civil; 
 another in the village, dirty and 
 dear). ^ There is a lower rd. into 
 Eaibl just above the lake, pro¬ 
 tected by galleries—the winter 
 rd. Eaibl is a mining village ; 
 the mines (lead and zinc) are 
 worked in the dolomite of the 
 lower Trias of the Konigsberg. 
 Many interesting plants may be 
 found here, such as Thlaspi 
 cepxmfolium, Homogyne sylvestris, 
 Asiranha carniolica. Campanula 
 Zoysii, Genista radiata, Cytisus 
 purpureus, and Woodsia glabella. 
 
 [The Eaibl Thai is prolonged 
 S.W. and W. over a low water¬ 
 
 shed into the Eaccolana Thai. 
 
 See Ete. 250. The Raibl Thai 
 and Raccolana Thai form a com¬ 
 plete breali across the line of ridge 
 of the Julian Alps.'\ 
 
 The rd. continues N., following 
 the course of the Schlitza, the 
 Konigsberg being on 1.; passing 
 the hamlet of Kaltwasser, cross¬ 
 ing the stream, and then going 
 through Flitschl, it reaches 
 
 Ober Tarvis {Inn: Gelbfuss’, 5 m. 
 very good). On the high road 
 from Vienna to Venice (Ete. 
 
 250). 
 
 Villach {Inns: Post, pretty 18 m. 
 good; Goldenes Lamm; Stein- 
 hauer). See Ete. 243. 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 Kp. Tyr. d: Alps. 
 
 X 
 
INDEX 
 
 ABER, 
 
 A. 
 
 Abek, lake of, 430 
 Abtei, 348 
 Abtenau, 74, 108 
 Ache torrent, 16, 64, 81; 
 
 falls, 340 
 Achen river, 37 
 Achenthal and See, 33, 34, 
 
 145, 473 
 
 Acquabona, 364 
 Adamello, 124, 265, 271 
 Adda, vale of the, 166, 168 
 Adelsberg, cave of, 552 
 Adige, source of, 154; Valley 
 of, 156, 208 
 
 Admont monastery, 438 
 
 Afing, 223 
 
 Aflenz, 499 
 
 Agger river, 53 
 
 Agnaro, Monte, 303 
 
 Agnola, val di, 272 
 
 Agordo, 302, 306, 350, 422 
 
 Ahorn Spitze, 385 
 
 Ahrn, 336 
 
 Ahrnthal, 335, 338 
 
 Aibling, 19 
 
 Aigen, 51 
 
 Aineth, 343 
 
 Aitrang, 7 
 
 Ala, 246 
 
 Alberschwende, 144 
 Alfenz valley, 133 
 Algau Alps, 7 
 Alleghe, lake, 291, 309 ' 
 Aim, xxxvii,i 71, 72 
 Alp, meaning of the word, 
 xxxviii 
 
 Alpine Vocabulary, xxxviii 
 Alps, Eastern, sketch of the, 
 xvii 
 
 Alpsee, 8, 15 
 Alpspitze, 26 
 Alland, 509 
 Alt-Aussee, 433 
 
 I ATTNANG. 
 
 I Altenmarkt, 443, 512, 562 
 I Altenstadt, 131 
 I Althofen, 574 
 I Altmiinster, 95 
 i Amblar, 267 
 
 j Ambras castle in Tyrol, 42 
 Am Lech, 148 
 Ammer, 25 
 Ammergau, 25 
 Ammersee, 25 
 
 Ampezzo, pass of, 360; town, 
 372,586 
 
 Ampola, fort, 407 
 Am Sand, 219 
 Amstettin, 57 
 Am Trog, 480 
 Andrii, St., 600 
 Andraz, 35c 
 Anfang, 62 
 Anfo, 406 
 
 Anpraz, Valle d’, 308 
 Anif, 72 
 
 Ankogel, ascent of, 87 
 Antelao, Monte, ascent of, 
 
 365. 
 
 Antholz vale, 313, Village 
 and baths, 325 
 Anton, St., 134 
 Antonio, St., 269 
 Aprica, 171, 400 
 Aquileia, 604 
 Anlaufthal, 85 
 Arco, 255 
 
 Arlberg pass, 130, 133 
 Arnoldstein, 324, 579 
 Arten, 302 
 Arzl, 199 
 Arztberg, 442 
 Aschbach, 57 
 Aschau, 75 
 Asiago, 296, 299,'4I3 
 Asolo, 300, 419 
 Assa river, 413 
 Assling, 595 
 Asten, 56 ' 
 
 Asti CO river, 410 
 Attersee, 53 j 
 Attnang, 53 . 
 
 BAVARI.4. 
 
 Atzwang, 235, 357 
 Au, 146 
 Auer, 241 
 Auf der Au, 385 
 Auf-den-Fern, 17 
 Auf der Plecken, 322 
 Auf der Stanz, 487 
 Augsburg to Lindau, 5 
 
 -to Innsbruck, 13 
 
 Aurach, 36 
 
 Auronzo, 364, 372 
 
 Aussee, 432; salt-mines, 433; 
 
 lakes near, 433 
 Avio, 246; val, 264 
 Avisio, torrent, 242, 281; 
 
 valley of the, 281 
 Axams, 214 , 
 
 B. 
 
 Baden in Austria, 510 
 Bad-Gastein, 8r; baths, 81; 
 gold-mines, 82 
 
 - * to Salzbui’g, 71, 88 
 
 -to Ober-Vellach, by the 
 
 Malnitz, 84 
 
 -to Zell-am-See and Salz¬ 
 burg, 88 
 
 Bad-Vellach, 470 
 Badia, 348 
 Bagalino, 279, 402 
 Baierisch Zell, 36 
 Baldo, Monte, 249 
 Ballabio, 166 
 Balzers, 127 
 Bardolino, 251 
 Barghe, 405 
 Bartholoma-See, 64, 69 
 Barwies, 17 
 
 Bassano, 299 ; castle, 299 
 Bauern Comodien in Tyrol, 
 114, 143, 159 
 
 Baura, church of the Trinity, 
 
 Bavaria, sketch of; beer, pass¬ 
 ports, money, railways; 
 posting, roads, maps, 1-6 
 
BAYERBACfT. 
 
 Bayerbach, 515, 523 
 Belfort, 258 
 Bellagio, 107 
 Bellano, 168 
 Bellasio, 258 
 Belluno, 350, 420 
 Benedictbeuern, 29 
 Berchtesgaden, salt-mine, 63 
 
 -* to Salzburg, 61 
 
 -to Bad-Gastein, 69 
 
 Berg Isel, 142, 226 
 Bergen, 20 
 Bernardo, 261 
 Bernau, 20 
 Bemitz, 512, 513 
 Berusdorf, 512 
 Beseca, 407 
 Betbvnia, 564 
 Bezau, 145 
 Bezigau, 7 
 Bichlfall, 108 
 Bieno, 297 
 Biessenhofen, 6 ,14 
 Billichgratz, 547 
 Biscbofsliofen, 7J 
 Bleiberg lead-mines, 455 
 Bleiburg, 602 
 Blindenmarkt, 58 
 Bludenz, i^2 
 Bluhnbachtbal, 75 
 Blumau, 23S 
 Bobingen, 5 
 
 Bocca di Brenta, 269, 272 
 Bockstein, 82 
 Bodelwand viaduct, 5ji 
 Boden, 150, 321 
 Bogliaco, 251 
 Bobeimkirchen, 59 
 Bolladore, 173 
 Bondo, 278 
 Bondone, 406 
 Borca, 293, 365 
 Borghetto, 246 
 Borgo di Val Sugana, 296 
 Bormina, val, 188 
 Bormio, 173; baths, 174 
 
 -to Male, 183 
 
 Boso, 413 
 Botzeu, 236 
 
 -to Brescia, 265 
 
 -*to Merau, 163 
 
 -to Sterzing, 222 
 
 -to Trent and Verona 
 
 240 
 
 -* to Innsbruck, 22 5 
 
 Bovo, Canale di St., 297 
 Brandberg, 384 
 Brandeis, 162 
 Brandeuberg, 38 
 ■ Brandhof, 498 
 Brannenburg, 39 
 Branzoll, 241 
 
 CAMPEDELLO. 
 
 Braulis, val di, 175 
 Bregenz, 130 
 
 -to Innsbruck, 129 
 
 -to Reutte, 144 
 
 Bregenzerwald, 132, 14; 
 Breitenschiltziug, 53 
 Breitenstein, 528 
 Breitlahner, 386 
 Brenner, pass of, 225, 228 
 Breno, 402 
 Brenta, 297, 418 
 
 -Alta, 124, 268, 275 
 
 Brentino, 247 
 Brescia, 404 
 
 -to Riva, 404 
 
 - * to Sondrio, 400 
 
 Bribano, 420 
 Brixen, 232, 380 
 — to Villach, by the Pus- 
 terthal, 310 
 Brixlegg, 38, 40 
 Brack in the Pinzgau, 395 
 on the Mur, 437, 446, 
 
 500, 529, 570 
 Bruckmuhle, 19 
 Briihl, 509 ; valley,[509 
 Brunau, 191 
 Brunecken, 313, 358 
 
 — to Heiligenblut, 324 
 
 — to the Krimler Tauern 
 and Zillerthal, 335 
 
 — to Botzen, by the Grii- 
 denthal, 346 
 
 — to Venice, by the pass 
 of Ampezzo, 357 
 
 Brunn,508 
 Bschlaps, 150 
 Buchau, 34 
 Biichberg, 519 
 Bucheben, 399,487 
 Buchelbach, 16 
 Buchenstein, 350 
 Buchloe, 6 
 Burgeis, 155 
 Burgstall, 163, 266 
 Bilrsthof, 520 
 
 c. 
 
 Cadenabbia, 167 ; Villa Car- 
 lotta, 167; Thorwaldsen’s 
 sculpture, 167 
 Cadore, 366; valley, 372 
 Calceranica, 244, 295 
 Caldonazzo, lake of, 243, 295 
 Caldron of Steiner Alp, 54 ^ 
 Calfaro, 279, 406 
 Galliano, 244 
 Camonica, Val, 263, 402 
 Campedello, 286, 35 ° 
 
 CODROIPO. 
 
 Cainpione, 251 
 Campo, 277 
 
 -Formio, 588 
 
 -Silvano, 409 
 
 Canale, 605 
 
 -St, Bovo, 303 
 
 Canary birds, trade in, 135 
 Canazei, 287 
 
 Canova’s birthplace, 300,419 ; 
 picture by him, 419; his 
 tomb, 419; his house, 300, 
 419 
 
 Canzian, St, 551; cave, 564 
 Capo di Ponte, 368, 402, 422 
 Capriana, 282 
 Caprile, 291, 302, 310, 35 ° 
 Caresolo, 269 
 Carinthia, 426 
 
 -, dukes of, chair of in¬ 
 vestment, 577; singular 
 ceremony connected rvith, 
 577 
 
 Caruiola, 428 
 Carsaniga, 166 
 Cassian, S., 349 . ^64 
 Castelbarco, 245 
 Castelfranco, 3C0 
 Gastello, 350 
 Castelruth, 287, 355 
 Castelthun, 259 
 Caterina, Sta., 159, I 74 > 
 
 263 
 
 Cavalese, 241, 281 
 Caves in the Julian Alps, 428; 
 of Adelsberg, 552 ; of St. 
 Magdalene, 557 ; rivers and 
 lakes, subterraneous, 563 
 Cavidago, 259 
 Cedegolo, 401 
 Cemb^ra, 257, 281 
 Cencenigbe, 284, 3^9 
 Ceneda, 368 
 Ceppina, 173 
 Ceraino, 247 
 
 Charles V., Emperor, 141 
 Chiemsee, 20 
 Chiesa, 171, 409 
 Chiese valley, 405 
 Chiusa, la, 247, 584 
 Chorinsky Klause, 99 
 Christina, St., 354 
 Cilly, 541 
 Cima, 371, 585 
 
 -d’Asta, 297 
 
 -Cimedo, 306 
 
 -di Pape, ascent, 309 
 
 Cismone, 122, 298, 302 
 Cividale, 488 
 Civita, Monte, 292 
 Cividate, 402 
 Cles, 240, 259, 267 
 Coclroipo, 588 
 
 V 9 
 
615 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 616 
 
 COGOLO. 
 
 Cogolo, i88 
 Coire, 129 
 
 -* to Feldkirch, 127 
 
 Colfosco, 352 
 Colico, 168 
 
 Colin of Mechlin’s sculpture, 
 1^8 
 
 Collalto, 586 
 Comano, 255, 277 
 Comeglians, 585 
 Comelico, 371 
 
 Como Lake, excavated road 
 on its eastern shore, 165 
 Condino, 279 
 Conegliano, 369, 589 
 Confinale, Monte, ascent of, 
 184 
 
 Copper-mines, 339 
 Cordevole, 420 
 Corfara, 287, 350, 352, 364 
 Corgnale, 564; grotto, 566 
 Comedo, 415 
 
 Cortina d'Ampezzo, 361; 
 
 neighbourhood of, 361-363 
 Coevlo, pass and fort, 297 
 Crespano, 418 
 Croce, St., 368 
 Curano, 282 
 Custoza, 247 
 
 D. 
 
 Dachstein Mountain, 103 
 
 Dalaas, 13 3 
 
 Dalcon, val, 275 
 
 Damils, 146 
 
 Dances, Tyrolese, 114 
 
 Daniele, St., 586, 588 
 
 Dante, 246; at Tolmino, 606 
 
 Daone, 278 
 
 Darching, 35 
 
 Darfo, 403 
 
 Dead Mountains, 433 
 Deiblhof, 514 
 Denno, 259 
 Dentro, val, 174 
 Dervio, 168 
 
 Desenzano, 253 ^ 
 
 Deutschen, 235 
 Deutscher Peter, 463 
 Deutschmetz, 258 
 Dienten, 71 
 Diententhal, 71 
 Diesenhofen, 19 
 Dimaro, 262, 268 
 Divazza, 564 
 Dohlino, lake, 254 
 Dobratsch, 323, 455 
 Dobrava, 547 
 Dogna, 584 
 Ddllach, 318, 476 
 
 ENNS. 
 
 Dolomite mountains of Tyrol, 
 
 119-121, 163, 286,321,347. 
 358 
 
 Domegge, 367, 37J 
 Domegliara, 247 
 Donat, St., 576 
 Dorf-Gastein, 79 
 Dornbirn, 130 
 Drachenhdhle cavern, 531 
 Drauburg, 600 
 Drave, source of the, 315. 
 
 Valley of the, 454 
 Drei-Herrn-Spitze, 118, 334 
 Dreistetten, 517, 
 
 Duino, 603 
 Dumpen, 192 
 Diirnbach, 441 
 Diirnberg, 72 
 Diirnfeld, 574 
 
 Diirenstein, near Friesach, 
 
 573 
 
 Dux in Tyrol, 227, 388 
 Duxerthal, 227, 388 
 
 E. 
 
 Ebelsberg, 56 
 Ebensee, 96 
 Eberndorf, 602 
 Edolo, 171, 264, 401 
 
 Kgg. 145 
 
 Eggenberg castle, 536 
 Egyden, St., 518 
 Ehrenberg, 13, 16 
 Ehrenburger Klause, 16 
 Ehrenhausen, 539 
 Eibsee, 17, 26 
 Eichberg, 528 
 Einspann, xxxi 
 Eisack river, 224, 228, 235 . 
 311 
 
 Eisenerz, 443; Iron moun¬ 
 tain, 444 
 
 -*to Mariazell, 500 
 
 Eisenstrasse, 440 
 Eissee, 387 
 Elbigenalp, 149 
 Ellbogen, 148 
 Ellmau, 379 
 Embach, 399 
 Emersdorf, 323 
 Eridorf, 20 
 Enego, 298 
 Enneberg, 348 
 Enns, 57, 282, 440 
 —— to Steyer and Eisenerz, 
 440 
 
 -river, 57 
 
 -, vale of the, 438 ; Pass 
 
 Gesiiuse, 439 
 
 FRANZDORF. 
 
 Ennsthal, 435 
 Erlafsee, 496 
 Erlsbach, 325 
 Erpfendorf, 378 
 Ettall, convent, 25 
 Eyers, 156 
 
 F. 
 
 Fahrkleis, 220 
 Falbeson, 214 
 Falcade, 284, 309 
 Falserthal, 227 
 Fassa valley, 122, 283 
 Fedaja pass, 287 
 Federaun,579 
 Feistritz, 531, 580 
 
 -on the Save, 596 
 
 Feldkirch, 131 
 
 -to Coire, 127 
 
 Felixdorf, 512 
 Feltre, 302, 420 
 Fend,197 
 Fenderthal, 197 
 Ferdinandshdhe, 177 
 Ferlach, 463 
 Ferleiten, 485 
 Fernetitsch, 567 
 Feuchten, 200 
 Fieberbrunn, 378 
 Finkenberg, 388 
 Finstermiinz, pass of, 15% 
 Fischbach, 39 
 Fischbachthal, 22 
 Fischau, 517 
 Fischhausen, 36 
 Flavon, 259 
 Fleimserthal, 257 
 Flirsch, 134 
 Flitsch, 606 
 
 Florian, St., monastery of, 
 
 56 
 
 Fondo, 240, 259 
 Fontanella, 267 ; baths, 132 
 Fonzaso, 302 
 Forni Avoltri, 371, 585 
 Forno, vill., 283 ; val, i8> 
 
 -di Canale, 308 
 
 -di Sopra, 586 
 
 -di Sotto, 586 
 
 Forst, 160 
 
 Forsthaus Biirenthal, 536 
 Fortresses on a new system 
 
 at Linz, 55 
 Fraele, val, 174 
 Fragant,475 
 Fragenstein, 27 
 Fragsburg castle, 162 
 Frankeumarkt, 53 
 Franzdorf, 549 
 
617 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 618 
 
 FRANZENSIIOHE. 
 
 Franzensliohe, 179 
 Franzensveste, 231, 358 
 Frassene, 306 
 Frastens, 131 
 Freien, 492 
 Freilassing, 21 
 Freuudberg castle, 41 
 Friesach, 573 
 Fritzens, 41 
 Fritzthal, 77, 447 
 Frohn, 321 
 Frohnleiten, 531 
 Frohnwies, 91 
 Frohsdorf, 516 
 Fuentes, fort, 168 
 Fugazze pass, 410 
 Fugen, 383 
 Fulpmes, 210 
 Funtensee, 70 
 Furva, val, 174 
 Fusch, 396 
 
 Fuschl, lake and vill., 430 
 Fuschthal, 396, 484 
 Fuschtlior, 484 
 Fusine, 188, 262 
 Fiissen, 14 
 
 G. 
 
 Gacht, 12,16, 151 
 Gaden, 509, 517 
 Gaderthal, 122, 312. 341 
 Gail valley, 317, 421, 580 
 Gals, 336 
 Gaisberg, 52 
 Gaisborn, 436 
 Gallen, St., 439 
 Gallenstein castle, 439 
 Gallic, 413 
 Gaming, 505 
 Gampen pass, 260, 267 
 Gampenhdfe, 181 
 Gams, 505 
 Gamskarkogl, 80 
 Garda lake, 250; vill., 252 
 Gares, 304, 308 
 Gargnano, 251 
 Gassen, 325 
 Gastein, 79 ; Bad, 8r 
 Gebatschfemer, 201 
 Gemona, 586 
 Gennacb, stream, 6 
 Genova, val di, 270 
 Georg, St., 336 
 Georgen, St., 436, 541 
 Gerlos pass, 389; vill., 341, 
 390 
 
 Gerold, St., 132 
 Gertrud, St., 262 
 Gesiiuse pass, 439 
 
 GREVO. 
 
 Gescbiitt pass, 107 
 Gilgen, St., 430 
 Ginzling, 230, 386 
 Giorgione’s birthplace, 300 
 Giovanni, San, 604 
 Giudicaria, 255, 277 
 Giuliano, S., lake of, 271 
 Gleichenberg, 539 
 G lemthal, 90 1 
 
 Glockner mountain, 479 
 Gloggnitz, 522 
 Glurns, 155 
 Gmiind, 452 
 Gmund, 31 
 
 Gmunden, 95 ; lake, 95 
 Gniggl, 429 
 Gobbera, 303 
 Godego, 300 
 Goggau, 580 
 Goisern, 100 
 Goldegg, 78 
 
 Gold-mines of Gastein, 82; 
 of Rauris, 398; of the 
 Zillerthal, 383 ; on the 
 Kloben, 483 
 
 ! Gelling, 73; waterfall, 74 
 
 -*to Hallstadt, 105 
 
 I Gollrad, 498 
 j Gomagoi, 181 
 Gond, 159 
 Gdrtschach, 548 
 Gdrtschitzthal, 574 
 Gdrz, county of, 429 
 Gorz, or Gorizia, 603, 605 
 Gosaldo, 306 
 
 Gosau, 106; lakes, 107; saw- 
 I mill, 100 
 ] Gossnitz waterfall, 480 
 Gossensass, 228 
 1 Gotzens, 214 
 ; Giitzis, 131 
 ! Grades, 574 
 Gradiska, town of, 605 
 Gradwein, 532 
 Gramais, 150 
 
 I Gratz, 532 ; Schlossberg, 
 I 533; Emperor Ferdinand’s 
 1 tomb, 534; Johanneum, 
 I 5J4 ; library, museum, 
 i 5 J 4 - 
 
 1-to Laibach, 538 
 
 j- *to Salzburg, by Aussee, 
 
 I 429 
 
 ;-to Vienna, 506 
 
 :-to Klagenfurt, 599 
 
 Grasnitz, 499 
 Graun, 155 
 Greifenberg, 318 
 Greifenstein castle, 163 
 Gressenberg, 536 
 Greuth, 501 
 : Grevo, 402 
 
 HEILIGENGEIST. 
 
 Gries, 193, 213, 217 
 Griffen, 537 
 Grignano, 568 
 Grigno, 297 
 Griiitoux, 541 
 
 Grisons, frontier, 128 ; mas¬ 
 sacre in the, 169 
 Grbbming, 448 
 Grddig, 62 
 
 Grodenthal, 122, 347, 353 ; 
 
 carvers in wood, 353 
 Grosotto, 173 
 Grossaitigen, 6 
 Grossarl, 78 
 Grossdorf, 327 
 
 Gross-Glockner, 479; ascent 
 of, 328, 479 
 
 Gross Venediger, 118, 393 
 Grosshesselohe, 19 
 Grub, 345 
 Griinbach, 517 
 Grundlsee, 434 
 Griinten, 8, 11 
 Griinsee, 70 
 
 Guides among the Alps 
 xxxiii 
 
 I Gumpoldskirchen, 510 
 I Gunskirchen, 54 
 Guntramsdorf, 510 
 GUnzach, 7 
 
 Gurglthal, 17, 135, 194 
 Gurk cathedral, 575 ; river, 
 574 
 
 Gurnitz, 460 
 Guttenstein, 513, 602 
 
 H. 
 
 I 
 
 I Haag, 57 
 I Htigerau, 149 
 j Hagerbauer, 496 
 Haimingen, 136 
 Hainzenberg gold-mines, 
 383; hamlet, 389 
 Haisling, 384 
 Haldensee, 12 
 Hall, salt-mines, 43 
 
 -(near Innsbruck, 35 
 
 Hallein, salt-mines, 52, 72 
 Hallstatt, village, loi, 449; 
 lake, 100; mine, 102 
 
 -to Gelling, 105 
 
 Hallthurm, 23, 68 
 Hammersbach, 26 
 Harbatzhofen, 8 
 Heidenthurm, 9 
 Heiligenblut, 476 
 Heiligengeist, 339 
 - to Windisch Matrey, 
 
 J41 
 
INDEX. 
 
 620 
 
 619 
 
 IIEILiaENWASSER. 
 
 Heiligenkreuz, 509 
 Heiligenwasser, 14J 
 Helterwang, 16 
 Heiterwangsee, 16 
 Helenenthal, 509, 511 
 Hellbrumi, 52, 72 
 Henfeld, 19 
 
 Henry the Foundling, i ^4 
 Hergatz, 9 
 
 Herniagor (Gail Thai), J19, 
 323, 455 
 
 Herzogstuhl, the, 57O 
 Hetzendorf, 508 
 Hieflau, 44J 
 Hindelang, 12 
 Hinterdux, 227, J89 
 Hintereisferner, 204 
 Hinterkirch, 155 
 Hinterleiten, 527 
 Hintersee, 67, 107 
 Hirschau, 65 
 Hirschberg, 25 
 Hirschbiihel, 67, 91 
 Hirschtietzen, 536 
 Hirschwang, 525 
 Hoch-Eppan, i6j, 247 
 Hof, in Salzburg, 4J0 
 Hofer’s grave, 141; exploits, 
 116 ; relics, 141, 219, 498; 
 his house in the Passeyr- 
 thal, 162, 219 ; his cha¬ 
 racter, 219 ; his capture 
 and death, 219 
 Hof-Gastoin, 79 
 Hoflein, 471 
 Hohenembs, 131 
 Hohenschwangau, 14 
 Hohenwerfen castle, 76 
 Hohe Salve, 40, 379 
 Hohlenstein, 359 
 Hohlweg, the Pinzgauer, 91 
 Hollenburg, 464 
 Hbllenthal, 515 
 Hollersbach, 393 
 Hcillthal, 26 
 Holzaufzug, 495 
 Holzgau, 149 
 Holzkirchen, 19, 31, 35 
 Hopfereben, 147 
 Hopfgarten, 326, 380 
 Hdrsching, 54 
 Hrieb, 549 
 Huben, 193, 326 
 Hunsdorf, 89, 3 q 3 
 Husbandry in lyrol, 114 
 HUttau. 447 
 Hiitteldorf, 59 
 HUttenberg, 574 
 HUttschlag, 78 
 
 ISEO. 
 
 I. 
 
 Idria, quicksilver-mines, 549 
 Idro, lake of, 279, 405 ; vill., 
 406 
 
 III, river, 7,131 
 Iller river, 8, ii 
 llsangmiihle, 66 
 Inter, 303 
 Im Gschoder, 103 
 Im Kolben, 83, 399 > 4S8 
 Ira Schrecken, 147 
 ' Iraraenstadt, 7, ii. 
 
 I -to Innsbruck, ii 
 
 ' Irast, 135 ; Canary-birds, 135 
 Incudine, 264 
 In der Oed, 513 
 Inn, river, 18, 27, i J5, 153 
 
 -, vale of the, 18, 379 
 
 Innichen, 315, 370 
 
 -to Pieve di Cadore, 369 
 
 Inningen, 5 
 Inns, xxxiii 
 
 Innsbruck, 138; Maxi¬ 
 milian’s tomb, 138; Philip- 
 pina Welser’s tomb, 141; 
 Hofer’s tomb, 141; palace, 
 golden roof, 141; museum, 
 141; cemetery, 142; en¬ 
 virons, Schbnberg, Schloss 
 Ambras,Weiherberg castle, 
 Patscherkofel, 142, 143 
 Innsbruck, *to Bregenz, 129 
 
 -*to Augsburg, 13 
 
 -- *to Munich, 28, 30, 38 
 
 -to Meran, 151, 189 
 
 -to Botzen, Trent, and 
 
 Verona, by the Brenner 
 Pass, 225 
 
 -to the Oetzthal, 208 
 
 -to Venice, by the pass 
 
 of Ampezzo, 357 
 
 -*to Salzburg, 374 
 
 -to Gastein, by the Ziller- 
 
 thal, 382 
 Introbbio, 166 
 Inzell, 22 
 Ips, 57 
 
 Iron crown, 165 
 
 l ron, mountain of, 444 
 Isar river, 27, 30 
 Ischgl, 133 
 
 Ischl baths, 97 ; excursions, 
 98 ; salt mine, 98 
 
 -*to Linz, 92 
 
 -to Hallstatt, 99 
 
 -to Aussee, 99 
 
 Iselberg, 226 
 Iselsberg, 317 
 Iselthal, 326, 343 
 
 l seo, 404 
 
 KASERN. 
 
 Isola, 401 
 
 Isonzo, vale of, 593, 604 
 Issenanger, 210 
 
 J. 
 
 Jacob, St.,230, 325. 333 , 33 ^ 
 
 -to Heiligengeist, 33$ 
 
 Jacobowitz, 559 
 Jaroslaw, 484 
 Jauerberg, 462 
 Jaufen pass, 162, 221 
 Jaufenbnrg castle. 221 
 Jenbach, 34, 41, 382 
 Johann, St., 77, 90, 358, 344, 
 378, 436, 519 
 
 Johanneum at Gratz, 534 
 Johannisberg, ascent of, 483 
 John, Archduke of Austria, 
 his residence at Brandhof> 
 498 
 
 Johnsbach,439 
 Josephsthal, 37 
 Judenberg, 571' 
 
 Jtidendorf, 532 
 Jufahl, 207 
 Julian Alps, 590, 428 
 Jungfernsprung, 532; water¬ 
 fall, 476 
 
 K. 
 
 Kahlwang, 436 
 Kainzenbad, 27 
 Kaiserbrunnen, 525, 526* 
 Kaiserklaus, 33, 37 
 Kaiserswache, 3 3 
 Kalditsch, 282 
 Kals, 327 
 Kalschach, 229 
 Kaiser Tauern, 328 
 Kalserthal, 327 
 Kaltenbrunn, 31, 200- 
 Kaltern, 239, 240 
 Kalternsee, 240 
 Kaltwasser, 5811, 610 
 Kammerling Horn, 67 
 Kammersee, 434, 
 Kanizsa, 540 
 Kanker, 471 
 Kapfenberg, 500, 53a 
 Kapellen, 491 
 Kappel, 468 
 Karawankas, 460 
 Karfreit, 606 
 Karlsdorf, 538 
 Karlstein, 23 
 Karst, 552, 605 
 Kaserboden, 159, 
 
 Kasern* 335 , 339 - 
 
621 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 022 
 
 KATZENSTEIN. 
 
 Katzenstein, 162. 
 Kaufbeuern, 6 
 KaufFiiiann. Angelica, birth 
 place, 145 
 Kaumberg, 512 
 Kauns, 200 
 Kaunserthal, ijj 
 Kaunsthal, 200 
 Kematen, 230, j88 
 Kemmelbach, 58 
 Kempten, 7 
 Kesselbacli fall, 65, 85 
 Kesselbevg, 29 
 Kiefersfelden, _J7, J9 
 Kiudberg, 5jo 
 Kirchberg, j8i 
 Kirchbiihl, 40 
 Kirchheim, 90 
 Kirchstetten, 59 
 Kirschentheuer, 461 
 Kitzbiihl, j8i 
 Klagenfurt, 458, 478, 603 
 
 -to Laibach, 464 
 
 -to Kraiiiburg, 467 
 
 Klam Alp, 4^4 
 Klam, castle of, 18 
 Klamm, 528 
 Klamm pass, 7 2, 79 
 Klausen, 233 
 Kleinmiinchen, 56 
 Klein-Venediger, 54? 
 Klein-Walserthal, ii, 147 
 Kloster Glaink, 440 
 Klosteiie, 133 
 Kniepass, 15, ^77 
 Knittelfeld, 571 
 Kobenz, 571 
 Kochel, 29 
 i Kochelsee, 29 
 1 Kbflach, 5 37 , 601 
 : Kolbnitz, 47 3 
 Kollman, 234, 355 
 Kollmer, 466 
 ■ Kdnigsbach fall, 65 
 
 ‘ Konigssee, 64 
 
 Konstanzertbal, 8 
 Kdtschach, 318, 321 
 Kotschachthal, 84 
 Kottingbrunn, 512 
 ! Krainburg, 466, 55r, 598 
 
 : Krampen, 491 I 
 
 ' Kranichsfeld, 540 i 
 
 Kraubeth, 571 
 
 Kremsmiinster, 54 | 
 
 Kressnitz, 543 i 
 
 Kreuth baths, 32; vilh, 455 
 ' Krieglach, 530 ' 
 
 Kriml, 340, 391 j 
 
 Kriraler Taiiern pass, 339 1 
 
 Kronau, 592, 593 | 
 
 I Kronbei'g, castle, 135 | 
 
 Kronmetz, 258 
 
 LAXENBUEa. 
 
 Krumbach, 147 
 Krumnusbaiini, 58 
 I Kuchl, 73 
 ' Kufstein, 37, 39 
 Kiihnsdorf, 602 
 Kummernitz, St., and her 
 beard, 356 
 Kundl, 40 
 ' Kuntersweg, 235 
 Kurtatsch, 241 
 Kurzras, 204 
 
 L, 
 
 Laack, 548 
 Laas, 562 
 Laase, 543, 562 
 Lacedell, 294 
 I Lacise, 252 
 Ladis baths, 152 
 Ladritscher-Briicke, 358 
 Liigerthal, 244 
 Lago di Garda, 250 
 Lago d’ Iseo, borders of, 403 
 Lago Morto, 368 
 Laibach, 543, 598; Congress, 
 546 
 
 -* to Salzburg, by Villach, 
 
 446 I 
 
 - * to Villach, by the | 
 
 valley of the Save, 590 
 
 -river, 549 I 
 
 Lainbach, 505 ■ 
 
 Lakes, the Seven, 504 
 Lam bach, 53, 94 
 Lammer valley, 74, 107 * ' 
 
 Landeck,135 
 
 -to Innsbruck, 135 
 
 - to Meran and Botzen, 
 
 151 
 
 Langbath, 96 
 Landl, 37 
 Landro, 359 
 Landsberg, 536 
 Langbath, 96 
 Langenwang, 530 
 Langkofel, 354 
 Langthaler Eis See, 194 
 Lannersbach, 389 , 
 
 Lappacb, 337 ; 
 
 Lastei, 291 I 
 
 Latsch, 159 j 
 
 Latteis, 372 , 
 
 Latzfons, 233 
 Laufen, 100, 542 
 Laufzettel, xxxi ■ 
 
 Lauter, 20 
 Lavamund, 600 
 Lave none, 405 1 
 
 Lavis, 242, 281 
 
 Laxenburg, 510 I 
 
 LIZZANA. 
 
 Lebring, 539 
 Lebenberg castle, 161 
 Lecco, 165 ; lake, 1G6 ’ 
 Lech river, 14; valley, 12' 
 i Lechfeld, battle of the, 14 
 - Lechleiten, 148 
 Ledro waterfall, 250; la 
 407 
 
 Leiblach, 9 
 i T^eibnitz, 539 
 Leibnitzerfeld, 539 
 j Leisach, 321 
 I Leitzachthal, 36 
 j 71, 78, 149, 399 
 ' Lendorf, 319 
 Lengdorf, 395 
 Lengenfeld, 192, 218, 593 
 Lengmoos, earth pyramids, 
 235, 238 
 
 j Leoben, 436, 446, 570 
 I Leobersdorf, 512 
 I Leonhard, St., 197, 220, 326, 
 333 , 348, 469, 601 
 Leopoldskirchen, 583 
 Leopolds teinersee, 443 
 Leprese, 173 
 Lermoos, 16 
 Lettusch, 542 
 
 Levico, lake of, 295; town, 
 295 
 
 Liboch, 536 
 
 Liechtenstein, 127; castle, 
 127, 509 
 Lienz, 316 
 
 - to Heiligenblut, 316, 
 
 472 
 
 - to Windisch Matrc}', 
 
 443 
 
 -to JMittersill in Pinzgau, 
 
 343 
 
 Lienzer-Klause, 316 
 Liesing, 508 
 Lietzin, 435 
 
 -to Admont, 438 
 
 Lilienfeld, 497 
 Limone, 251 
 Lindau, 9, 10 
 
 - * to Augsburg, 5 
 
 Linz, 54 ; public buildings , 
 55; beauty of its situation , 
 55; fortifications, views, 
 55; steamers, railways 
 &c., 56 
 
 -to Vienna, 56 
 
 -* to Salzburg, 47 
 
 - to Ischl and Aussee 
 
 - to Eisenerz and Gratz , 
 
 440 
 
 Littai, 543 
 
 Livinalungo, 122, 349 
 Lizzana, 246 
 
623 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 624 
 
 LO DRONE. 
 
 Lodrone, 278,406 
 Lofer, 92, 377 
 Jjoibelthal, 462; pass, 465 
 Loisachthal, 25 
 Longarone, 367 
 Loocli, 593 
 Loppio, lake, 249 
 Lorenzago, 373, 586 
 Lorina, val, 407 
 Lorenzen, St., 312, 321, 347 
 Losdorf, 59 
 Losenstein, 442 
 Lovere, 403 
 Lovero, 172 
 Lozzo, 373 
 Lubiama, 543 
 Lucia, St., 247, 293, 363 
 liUcano, Valle di S., 308 
 Lueg pass, 72, 75 
 
 -, castle of, 562 
 
 Lugano, St., 282 
 Lukau, 320 
 LUner See, 132 
 Luiigau, 450 
 
 Luschariberg mountain, 582 
 Liisentlial, 233 
 Lussnitz, 583 
 Liittacb, 338 
 Lutzbach, 132 
 Luziensteig pass, 129 
 
 M. 
 
 Maderno, 251 
 
 Madonna della Corona, 247 
 Madonna di Tirano, 171 
 Magasa, 407 
 Magdalena Grotto, 557 
 Magleru, 580 
 Magre, 417 
 Mtihrenberg, 599 
 Maienfeld, 129 
 Maja buried by an eartbslip, 
 161 
 
 Majolica, 167 
 Malborgetb, 583 
 Malcesina, 251 
 Male, 188, 261, 268 
 Malenco, val, 170 
 Malero river, 170 
 Malnitz, 81 
 Malo, 413 
 
 Mals in Tyrol, 155, 182 
 Malta, 452 
 Mangert, 592 
 Mangfall, 19, 39 
 MarMrg, 540 
 Marchtrenk, 54 
 Marco, San, Slovino, 246 
 Maria, St., 156, 176, 268,354. 
 
 458, 556 
 Maria Hilf, 513 
 
 MIEDERS. 
 
 Maria Lukau, 320 
 
 -Luschari, 582 
 
 -- Saal, 577 
 
 -Thai, 38 
 
 Mariazell, 494; shrine of the 
 Black Virgin, 494 
 
 -to Bruck, 497 
 
 —- to Brandhof, 498 
 
 -to Eisenerz, 500 
 
 Marktl, 497 
 Marling, 266 
 
 I Marmolata, 122; ascent of, 
 288 
 
 I Marone, 404 
 I Marostica, 418 
 I Martellthal, 159, 262 
 Martin, St., 219 
 Martino, St., 304 
 Martinswand, 137 
 Mas, 421 
 Maser, 419 
 Masi, 296 
 Masino, val, 170 
 Matarello, 244 
 Matrey, 227 
 Mattaun, 564 
 Mauls, 231 
 
 Jlaultasch, Margaret, 116, 
 
 I 136, 163 
 
 Mauria, 586 
 Mautcrndorf, 450 
 Mauthen, 321 
 Mauthhausel, 23 
 Maximilian, Emperor, his 
 adventure on the Martins¬ 
 wand, 137; his monument 
 at Innsbruck, 138; his 
 grave at Neustadt, 516 
 Mayerbach, 136 
 Mayrhofen, 384 
 Maziii, 285 
 Mazzo, 173 
 Medraz, 210 
 Meidling, 507 
 Melleck, 377 
 Mellau, 146 
 
 Mendelscharte pass, 260 
 Mendola, 239, 267 
 j Mendling, 505 
 ! Meran, 160 
 
 -*10 Landek, 151 
 
 -to Botzen, 163 
 
 -to Sterzing, 218 
 
 -to Brescia, 265 
 
 Mercury-mines at Idria, 549 
 Mestre, 369, 589 
 Mezzano, 305 
 Mezzo-Lombardo, 25 8_ 
 Mezzo-Tedesco, 258 
 Michael, St., 45 r 
 Michele, St., 241 
 Mieders, 210 
 
 MUNICH. 
 
 Mies, 464 
 Miesbach, 35 
 Miesenbachthal. 22 
 Milan, 165; to Innsbruck, 
 164 
 
 Milders, 211 
 Millstadt, 454 
 Mils, 135 
 Mis, val di, 306 
 Miselbach, 145 
 Mittenvvald, 27 
 Mitterbach, 497 
 Mitterbad, 162, 262 
 Mitterdorf, 597 
 Mitterndorf, 435 
 Mittersill, 381, 394 
 j Mittewald, 231, 358 
 
 I-on the Drave, 316 
 
 I Mixnitz cave, 531 
 I Mudling, 508 
 Moena, 285 
 Moggio, 585 
 Moistrana, 593 
 Molina, 282 
 
 Mdlk, town and monastery, 
 
 58 
 
 Moll river, 319 
 Mdllthal, beauties of, water¬ 
 falls, &c., 472 
 
 Molveno, vill. and lake, 254, 
 
 259, 275 
 
 Miinchsberg, 50 
 Mondadizza, 173 
 Mondsee, 430 
 Monfalcone, 604 
 Montafun, vale of, i 
 Montan, 282 
 Montechio, 414 
 Monza, 165 ; iron crown, 165 
 i Moos, 196, 221, 370 
 I Morbegno, 169 
 Mordenau, 150 
 I Mori, 246, 248 
 . Mdrtshach, 475 
 ! Mozart’s birthplace, 49 
 I Mud-baths of Ischl, 97 
 j Muda, 349 ^ 351 
 Miihlau, 42 
 
 I MUhlbach, 77, 221, 312, 358 
 Miihlbachthal, 395 
 Miihlbacher Klause, 312 
 Miililen, 337, 573 
 Mulineto, 419 
 Munich, 24 
 
 -to Salzburg, by Traun- 
 
 stein, 21 
 
 -to Salzburg, by Rosen¬ 
 heim and Chiemsee, 18 
 
 -to Innsbruck, by Lake 
 
 of Starnberg, 24 
 
 -to Innsbruck, by Bene- 
 
 dictbeuern, 28 
 
(5*25 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 62G 
 
 MUNICH. 
 
 Munich to Innsbruck, by Te- 
 gernsee and Kreuth, jo 
 -to Innsbruck, by Rosen¬ 
 heim, 38 
 
 - to Innsbruck, by the 
 
 Schliersee, 35 
 ^lUnstertbal, 155 
 Mur, vale of the, 450, 540 
 Murau, 572 
 IVIurnau, 25 
 Murthal, 436 
 Murz river, 500 
 Murzsteg, 492 
 Miirzzuscblag, 491, 530 
 Musau, 15 
 Music in Tyrol, 114 
 Muthmannsdorf, 517 
 
 N. - 
 
 Xabresina, 568, 603 
 Xagles, 466, 598^ 
 
 Nago, 249 
 Nakle, 564 
 Narabino, val, 268 
 Nambrone, val, 269 
 Nassereit, 17, 136 
 Nassfe’d, 86 
 Xaturns, 160, 208 
 Nauders, 134 
 Neders, 210 
 Xenzing, 132 
 Xesselgraben, 376 
 Xesselwang, 12 
 Neubaiern, 39 
 Neuberg, 162, 491 
 Xeuhaus, castle, 336 
 Neubilusel, 514 
 Xeukirchen, 393 
 Xeulengbach, 59 
 Neunhauser, 324 
 Neumarkt, 53, 241, 282,572 
 Xeumarktl, 466 
 Neunkircben, 518 
 Xeustadt, 515 ; military’aca- 
 demy, 516 
 
 Neustift, 211, 232, 311 
 Nicolo, St., 184, 409 
 Nicolsdorf, 318 
 Xiederalm, 72 
 Xiederalpl, 492 
 Niederied, 224 
 Nieder Jocb, 20 j 
 Niederndorf, 314, 359 
 Xiedernsill, 395 
 Nieder Rasen, 324 
 Nieder Sonthofensee, 7 
 Noce, river, 256, 258, 262 
 Non and Sole, vale of, 256, 
 261 
 
 OSPITALE. 
 
 Nonsberg, 256 
 Nordheim, 223 
 Noric Alps, 118 
 Noriglio,4o9 
 Notscb, 579 
 
 0 . 
 
 Oberau, 25, 231 
 Oberaudorf, 39 
 Ober-Ammergau, 25 
 Oberbergtbal, 211, 228 
 Oberdorf, 7 
 Ober-Drauburg, 318 
 Ober-Grainau, 26 
 Obergurgl, 194 
 Oberhof, 526 
 Ober Ladis, 152 
 Ober-Laibach, 549 
 Ober-Lesece, 564 
 Obermaiselstein, ii 
 Ober-Mauern, 331 
 Ober-Mieming, 18, 136 
 Ober-Piestring, 513 
 Oberreitnau, 9 
 Ober-Ritten, 238 
 Ober Scbmirn, 227, 389 
 Obersee, 66 
 Ober Seeland, 470 
 Oberstaufen, 8 
 Oberstdorf, ii, 147 
 Obertraun, 102 
 Ober-Vellach, 88, 474 
 
 -* to Gastein, 84 
 
 Ober Vernagt, 205, 206 
 Ober Weissbach, 91 
 Ochsenberg, 8 
 Ocbsenboden, 521 
 Ocbsengarten, 191 
 Oedenburg, 518 
 Oefen, 74 
 
 Oetschen Wirtbshaus, 390 
 Oetz, 191 
 
 Oetztbal, 117, 135, 153, 
 
 190; glaciers and scenery, 
 190 
 
 Ofen, 156 
 Oifensee, 96 
 Ofterscbwang, ii 
 Oglio river, 186, 264, 401 
 Olcio, 167 ‘ 
 
 Oldach, 602 
 Oliero, 299 
 Olle, 296 
 Orlik, 567 
 Ormanico, 304 
 
 Orteler Spitze, 123, 177 ; glo¬ 
 rious view of, 155, 177; 
 ascent of, 180 
 Ospedaletto, 586 
 Ospitale, 360 
 
 PFORZEN. 
 
 Ossiacb, lake of, 455 
 Ottok, 595 
 Oji-hal, 12, 150 
 
 P. 
 
 Pademione, 254 
 Palfau, 505 
 Paluzza, 322, 585 
 Pancbia, 283 
 Paneveggio, 283 
 Pankraz, St„ 262 
 Pappenheim, 95 
 Paracelsus, 49, 455 
 Paralba, ascent of, 321 
 Parona, 247 
 Partenkircben, 26 
 Partschins, 160 
 Pacing, 24 
 
 Passeyrtbal, 161, 218 
 Passion-play, 26 ^ 
 
 Passports, xxiii 
 Pasterze glacier, 477 
 Paternion, 319, 454 
 Patscherkofel, 143, 226 
 Pattenen, 133 
 
 Peasants’ war (Bauernkreig), 
 50; insurrection of Protes¬ 
 tant peasants, 95 
 Peasants’ comedies, 114, 143 
 Pedescala, 412 
 Pedlers, 297 
 Peggau, 531 
 
 Pejo baths, 188, 261, 263 
 
 Pelizzano, 188, 262 
 
 Pelos, 73 
 
 Pelugo, 276 
 
 Penia, 287 
 
 Penk, 474 
 
 Penserthal, 224 
 
 Penzing, 59 
 
 Perarolo, 367 
 
 Pergine, 244, 295 
 
 Peri, 247 
 
 Persenburg, 58 
 
 Pescatina, 247 
 
 Peschiera, 253 
 
 Pescul, 293, 365 
 
 Peter, St., 57, 319. 558, 564 
 
 Petersberg castle, 136, 57 
 
 Petersbrunnen, 485 
 
 Petnen, 134 
 
 Peutelstein, 360 
 
 Pezzo, 186 
 
 PfafFstetten, 510 
 
 Pfandler, 130 
 
 Pfandlscbarte pass, 487 
 
 Pfitschjocb, 230 
 
 Pflach, 15 
 
 Pflersch, 229 
 
 Pforzen, 6 
 
627 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 628 
 
 PFOSSENTIIAL. 
 
 RAUBLING. 
 
 RUNKELSTEIN. 
 
 Pfossentbal, 207 
 Pfunds, 15 j 
 
 Pbilippina "Welscr, ber tomb, 
 141; ber residence at Am- 
 bras, 142 
 Piazza, 169, 409 
 Picolein, 448 
 Piestiiiff. 513 
 Pietra Murata, 255 
 Pieve di Cadore, j66, 774 
 
 -di Rendena, 276 
 
 -di Buono, 278 
 
 -di Tesino, 296 
 
 -di Primiero, 40J 
 
 -di Ledro, 407 
 
 Pilgrimages: — Mariazell, 
 494; Maria Saal, 577; 
 Maria Luscbari, 582 
 Pinzgau, 90, 481, J91 
 Pinzgauer-Hoblweg, 91 
 Pinzolo, 269 
 Piovene, 412 
 Pisogne, 40J 
 Pitztbal, 135, 198 
 Plan, 352 
 Planina, 558 
 Plansee, 16 
 Plattenberg, 391 
 Platzers, 267 
 Pocblarn, 58 
 Pockborn, 476 
 Pockstein, 574 
 Podgradj, 564 
 Poik, the, 557 
 Poja river, 401 
 Polten, St., 59, 497 
 Pdltschacb, 540 
 Polsterlang, ii 
 Ponale, fall, 250, 251, 407 
 Pongau, 75, 89 
 Ponigl, 541 
 Pontafel.i ■) 
 
 Pontebba, j 
 Ponte del Diavolo, 173 
 
 -di Legno, 186, 264 
 
 Pontresina, 172 
 Pordenone, 586 
 Possagno, Canova's birtb 
 place, 300, 419 
 • Possino, lake, 368 
 Possnitz, 540 
 Posting, xxxi 
 Pottenbrunn, 59 
 Pottenstein, 512 
 Pottscbacb, 522 
 Prad, 182 
 Pragerhof, 540 
 Prags, vale and baths, 314 
 Pranzo, 250 
 Priivali, 602 
 Piaxemar, 213 
 Predazzo, 283 
 
 Predil pass, 608 
 Pregraten, 332, 342 
 Prein, 524 
 Prejana, 563 
 Preromanz, 348 
 Presanella, 271 
 Presbaum, 59 
 Prese, le, 172 
 Preseglie, 405 
 Preson, 262, 268 
 Prestanek, 564 
 Preth, 608 
 Prewald, 563 
 Prien, 20 
 
 Primiero, 297, 302 
 ! Primolano, 297, 302 
 j -to Cortina d’ Arapezzo, 
 
 I 301 
 
 I Prinzersdorf, 59 
 Pi-libel, 6oi 
 Prosecco, 568 
 Proseck, 345 
 
 Protestants in Salzburg, 78; 
 
 in the Zillerthal, 384 
 Proteus angumus, 557 
 Prutz, 153 
 Purkersdorf, 59 
 Pusthertbal, 119, 311 
 
 Or 
 
 Quero, 419 
 
 Quicksilver-mine, 549 
 Quirico, St., 415 
 
 E. 
 
 Rabbi baths, 261 
 Rabbies torrent, 261 
 Raccolana, 584 
 Radmannsdorf, 595, 597 
 Radstadt, 447 
 Radstadter-tauern, 447 
 Raibl, 581, 609 
 Railways, xxvi 
 Rainstein, 521 
 Rainthal, 26, 337 
 Rakek, 551 
 Ramsau, 66 
 Ranalt, 214 
 Raossi, 409 
 
 Rappenalpenthal, 12, 148 
 Raspenstein, 228 
 Ratscbach, 583 
 Ratteis, 207 
 Rattenberg, 38, 40 
 Ratzes baths 235, 287, 357 
 Raubling, 39 
 
 Rauris, 398,487 
 Rauriser Tauern, 398, 484 
 Rauristbal, 398 
 Recca river, 564, 567 
 Recoaro, 246, 415 
 Rcdl, 53 
 Reichenau, 524 
 Reicbenhall, 63 ; salt springs, 
 brine aqueducts, 375 
 Reifling, 443, 505 
 Reitbof, 526 
 Remscbenig, 469 
 Rendena, val, 265 
 Rennweg, 452 
 Rescben, 154 
 Rescbensee, 154 
 Resiutta, 585 
 Reut, 90 
 Reutte, 15, 151 
 Ridnaun, 230 
 Ried, 153 
 Riegsee, 25 
 Rienz river, 311 
 Rigolato, 372, 585 
 Rigoledo, 167 
 Ritten, 238 
 Rittnerhorn, 239 
 Ritzenreid, 199 
 Riva, 244, 249, 427 
 Rivoli, 247 
 Roana, 413 
 Rocca, 250, 291 
 Rochetta pass, 241, 258 
 Rockavvinkel, 59 
 Rofnerhof, 202 
 Robitsch baths, 541 
 Rohr, 515 
 Robrerbiicbel, 381 
 Roitham, 94 
 Romano, 418 
 Romedio, 260, 267 
 Romeno, 267 
 Romerbad, 542 
 Ronach, 391 
 Roncone, 278 
 Rosanna, 134 
 Rosengarten, 122, 284 
 Rosenheim, 19, 39 
 Rossfeld, 73 
 Rothenbach, 8 
 Rottenmann, 436 
 Rotzo, 412, 413 
 Rovegliana, 416 
 Roveredo, 245, 409 
 
 - to Riva on Lago di 
 
 Garda, 248 
 
 -to Vicenza, 408 
 
 Rubenstein, 196 
 Ruderatshofen, 7 
 Rufredo, 260, 267 
 Rubpolding, 22 
 Rimkelstein castle, 222, 238 
 
 r 
 
G2D 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 630 
 
 RUPRECIIT. 
 
 Ruprecht, S., 52, 330 
 Russbach, 107 
 Rutzbach stream, 209, 226 
 
 S. 
 
 Saaga, 606 
 
 Saal, valley of the, J75 
 Saalach,2i, 88, 90 
 Saalfelden, 70, 90 
 Sachseiiburg, J19, 454 
 
 -to Heiligenblut, 472 
 
 Saeile, 589 
 Sagrado, 005 
 Sagnitz, 476 
 Sagor, 543 
 Sagron, 306 
 Saifnitz, 582, 583 
 Salcano, 605 
 Sale ilarasino, 404 
 Salloch, 543 
 Salo, 252, 405 
 Sals, 159 
 Salthaus, 216 
 Salt-mines, 46 
 -works, 47 
 
 ' - vapour-baths at Ischl, 
 
 97 
 
 Salurn, 241 
 
 Salza, 449; river, 391. 49 i 
 Salzach, 21, 72, 391 
 Salz-bund, 78 
 
 Salzburg, sketch of territory, 
 
 43-45 
 
 Salzburg, 47; beauties of its 
 situation, 48; bishops’ 
 castle, 50; Mdnchsberg, 
 50; public and private 
 buildings, 49, 50; excur¬ 
 sion to Aigen, 51; Hell- 
 brunn, 52; Hallein salt- 
 mines, 52 
 
 -* to Munich, 21 
 
 •-to Linz, 47 
 
 -to Vienna, 47 
 
 -to Berchtesgaden, 61 
 
 -to Bad Gastein, 71 | 
 
 -to Innsbruck, 374 i 
 
 - to Gratz, by Ischl and 1 
 
 Aussee, 429 j 
 
 -to Laibach, by the Pass ! 
 
 of the Radstadter Tauern, i 
 446 I 
 
 Salzkammergut, 45, 92 ; 
 
 Sann river, 541 ' ! 
 
 Santa Croce, 368 
 Sanzan, 419 1 
 
 Sapotnik, 462, 465 
 Sappada, 371, 585 I 
 
 Sarca river, 249, 254, 255, 
 269, 277 
 
 SEBEN. 
 
 SPIELFELD. 
 
 Sarche, 254 
 
 Sarnthal, 163, 220, 222 
 1 Sarnthein, 220, 223, 238 
 Sarnico, 404 
 Sarri^ a, 302 
 ' Sasso di Daram, 284 
 
 j -di Pelmo, 365 
 
 : Sauerlach, 19 
 Sauris, 372, 586 
 Sautens, 191 
 Sava,543 
 
 Save, valley of the, 542; 
 sources of, 591; mouth of, 
 steam navigation on, 558 
 Schabs, 312 
 Schafberg, 148, 431 
 Schaftlarn, 29 
 Schalders, 232 
 Scharnitz, 27 
 Scbattwald, 12 
 Scheffau, 108 
 Scheifling, 572 
 Schellenberg, 62 
 Schilpario, 403 
 Schio,4ii 
 
 •-to Belluno, 417 
 
 Schladming, 448 
 Schlacters, 9 
 Sell landers, 159 
 Schleier fall, 83, 85 
 Schlern, 239 
 Schliersee, 32, 36 
 ! Schlitters, 383 
 Schluderns, 156 
 Schludersbach, 314, 360 
 Schmetz, 182 
 Schmirnerthal, 227 
 Schnalserthal, 160, 206 
 Schneeberg, 77, 196, 519 
 Schneizelreit, 376 
 Schnepfau, 146 I 
 
 Schdna castle, 162, 218 | 
 
 Schdnau, 196 
 
 Schiinberg, beautiful view of,! 
 
 142, 210, 226 
 Schonbrunn, 508 
 Schopernau, 146 [ 
 
 Schdsswend, 346 j 
 
 Schottwien, 525, 528 I 
 
 Schruns, 133 I 
 
 Schwabmiinchen, 6 I 
 
 Schwanberg, 536 i 
 
 Schwannstadt, 53 j 
 
 Schwarzach, 78, 144 I 
 
 Schwarzau, 515, 527 ; river, j 
 
 521- 1 
 
 Schwarzbach waterfall, 74 ! 
 
 Schwarzberg Klannn, 377 
 Schwarzenbach, 464 
 Schwarzenberg, 145 
 Schwaz, 34, 41 
 Seben nunnery, 2 34 
 
 I See, 2or; meaning of, xi 
 ' Seefeld, 27 
 , Seekirchen, 52 
 See Kogel, 314 
 i Seeshaupt, 25 , 
 
 Seehause, 196 
 Seewiesen, 499 
 ' Segfriedsburg, ir 
 Seiss, 357 
 I Seisser Alp, 356 
 Seissenberger Klannn, 67, 
 
 9 i» 377 
 Sekkau, 571 
 Selrain, 214, 239 
 Selrainthal, 21; 
 
 Selsach, 551, 561 
 Selva, 293 
 
 Semilaun Spitze, 2o6> 
 Semmering, 529 
 Send ling, 28 
 Sentis, 9 
 Semiioncj 252 
 Sernio, landslip near, 172 
 Serravalle, 246, 368 
 Sessana, 566 
 
 Sette Comuni, 296, 298, 412 
 Seven Bridges, 471 
 Sexten, 370; valley, 315 
 Sforzellina pass, 187 
 Siebenbrunnen, ;o2 
 Sieding, 519 
 Sieglitz fall, 83 
 Siegsdorf, 21 
 Sierning, 519 
 Sigismund, St., 213 
 Sigmundsburg, castle of, 17 
 Sigmundskron, 163, 237 
 Signorii valley of the, 416 
 Sill river, 42; valley, 226 
 Sillian, 315 
 
 -to Villach, 320 
 
 Silz, 136, 191 
 Simsee, zo 
 Siror, 304 
 
 Slovino di San Jlarco, 246 
 Socchieve, 586 
 Scilden, 193 
 Sole, val di, 261 
 Solenau, 512 
 Solferino, 252 
 
 Soil, 379 
 
 Sollstein mountains, 137 
 Sondalo, 173 
 Sondrio, 170, 265 
 
 -to Brescia, 400 
 
 Sonntag, 132 
 Sonthofen, 11 
 Sorapiss, ascent of, 363 
 Sottoguda, 290 
 
 Spechbacher, 42, 226; his 
 grave, 42 
 Spielfeld, 539 
 
C31 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 632 
 
 SPINALE. 
 
 Spinale, Monte, 268 
 Spinges, 231, J58 
 Spital, 319,45?, 529 
 Splugen road, 168 
 Spitzbach, 486 
 Spitzingsee, 37 
 Spondalunga, 176 
 Spondinig, 156, 182 
 iSpor, 258, 259 
 Spranserthal, 219 
 Spresiano, 369, 589 
 Staaben, i6o, 208 
 Staffelsee, 25 ' 
 
 Stafflacb, 227 
 Stainz, 536 
 Stall, 475 
 Stallhofen, 474 
 Staras, convent of, 136 
 Stagna, la, 422 
 StanzacL, 150 
 Stanzerthal, 134 
 Starnberg, 24; lake of, 24 
 Staubi waterfall, 16 
 Staufen, 8,145 
 Stefano, St., 270, 371 
 Steg, 235, 357 . 447 
 Steiermark or Styria, 425 
 Stein, 230, 547 
 Stein pass, 449 
 Steina, 515 
 
 Steinach, 215, 227, 435, 448 
 Steinbriick, 542 
 Steiner Alp Caldron, 541 
 Steinerne Meer, 66, 69 
 Steinfeld, 319 
 Steinhaus, 338, 385 
 Stenico, 277 
 
 Stelvio, pass of, 123, 164, i' 
 Stephanskirch, 20 
 Stern, 352 
 Sterzing, 221, 229 
 Sterzinger-Moos, 2jo 
 Steyer, 440 
 Stilfs, 182, 224 
 Stilfser-Joch, road over, 
 
 177 
 
 Stilluperthal, 385 
 Stockach, 149 
 Stockenboyerthal, 318, 454 
 Stdg, 149 
 Stolhof, 517 
 Store, 541 
 Storo, 255, 406 
 Strass, 41, 382 
 
 -Walchen, 53 
 
 Strassburg, 574 
 Strassengel, 532 
 Strembo, 276 
 Strigno, 296 
 Strub pass, 377 
 Stubay Thai, 117, 191, 208 
 Stuben, 33, i 34 . i 5 J 
 
 j TIMELKAM. 
 
 Stubing, 532 
 Stulilfelden, 395 
 Stuhlweissenburg, 540 
 Styria, 425; forests of, 426 ; 
 iron of, 444; game, 502; 
 wines, 535 
 
 Sugana, Val, 244, 295 
 Sulden, 160, 181 
 Sulm river, 536 
 : Sulzbach, 464, 542 
 Sulzbachthal, 392 
 Sulzberg, 256 
 Sulzenau, 215 
 
 TRISANNA. 
 
 I Timmersdorf, 436 
 Tione, 255, 276 
 Tirano, 171 
 Tissenthal, 206 
 Titian’s birth • place, 366 ; 
 
 paintings by, 293. 366, 367 
 Tdblach, 314; See, 359 
 Tofano, Monte, 360 
 Tofern, 78 
 Tolmein, 606 
 Tolmezzo, 322, 372, 585 
 Tonadigo, 306 
 Tonale, Monte, 171, 187 
 Tongara, 416 
 Toplitzersee, 434 
 Torbole, 249 
 Torkele, 356 
 Torre Belvicino, 410 
 Torri, 252 
 
 Torture-chamber, 76 
 Toscolano, 251, 407 
 Trafoi, 179 
 Traisen, 59 
 I Tramin, 241 
 I Transacqua, 304 
 i Traun, falls, 53, 94; lake, 95 ; 
 
 1 source, 433 
 ' Traunkirchen, 96 
 Traunsee, 22, 95 
 Traunstein in Bavaria, 20; 
 salt-works, 20 
 
 Traunstein mountain, 94, 95 
 Trebitsch cavern, 567 
 Tremosine, 251 
 Trenkwald, 199 
 i Trent, 242; Dom, 242; 
 j church, castle, 243 
 
 -to Caprile and Cortina, 
 
 280 
 
 -to Verona, 244 
 
 -to the Lago di Garda, 
 
 255 
 
 !-to Val di Non, 256 
 
 I -to Venice, by Val Su- 
 
 1 gana, 294 
 
 '- * to Innsbruck, by the 
 
 I Brenner, 225 
 ! Trenta, 59? 
 
 I Tre Ponti, 373 
 Tresenda, 171, 265, 400 
 Trett, 267 
 Trettachthal, 12 
 Treviso, 301, 369, 589 
 Trieben, 436 
 
 Trieste, 568; objects of in¬ 
 terest, language, climate, 
 steamers, 569 
 
 -J to Laibach and Gratz, 
 
 518 
 
 -to Villach, 603 
 
 Trigesimo, 587 
 Trisanna, 134 
 
 T. 
 
 Tagliamento river, 588 
 'I’ai, 364 
 Taibon, 306 
 Tai Cadore, 366 
 Talfer river, 236 
 Tamsweg, 450, 572 
 Tannheim, 12 
 Tarvis, 580, 581, 610 
 Taubensee, 67 
 j Taufers, 337 
 ! Taufersthal, 313, 336 
 Tavernelle, 414 
 Taxenbach, 89, 398 
 Tedesco, 271 
 Tefereggenthal, 326, 344 
 Tegernsee, 31 
 Tegisch stream, 333 
 Teglio, 171 
 I Teichmiihle, 517 
 I Teisendorf, 21 
 ( ' Telfes, 210 
 Telfs, 18, 137 
 Tenno, vill. and lake, 250 
 Teplitz, baths, 542 
 Terglou mountain, 594, 597 
 Terlago, 254 
 Terlan, 163 
 , Teruitz, 522 
 Tesero, 283 
 Tesino, val, 297 
 Thalam, 35 
 Thalgau, 430 
 Thiergarten, 104 
 Thiersee, 37 
 Thumsee, 23, 376 
 Thun, 259 
 Thiiringen, 132 
 Thurn, 348 ; pass, 381 
 Tiene, 418 
 Tilliach, 320 
 Timao, 604 
 Timau, 322 
 Timavus, 604 
 Timbler Joch pass, 194 
 Timelkam, 53 
 
683 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 6S4 
 
 TROFAJACir. 
 
 Trofajach, 446 
 Trostburg castle, 2 J4 
 Tschau, 579 
 Tueno, 259 , 
 
 Tuffer, 542 
 Tweng, 450 
 
 Tycho Brahe’s Observatory 
 in Styria, 538 
 Tyrnitz, 497 
 
 Tyrol: passports, xxiii; cus¬ 
 toms, xxiv; money, xxv; 
 measures, distances, rail¬ 
 ways, xxvi; eilwagen, se- 
 parat - wagen, stellwagen, 
 XXX; posting, xxxi ; 
 horses and mules, xxxii; 
 guides, inns, xxxiii; gene¬ 
 ral hints, xxxiv; health, 
 xxxvi; maps, xxxvii; 
 boundaries, iii - 113. 
 Northern Tyrol: scenery, 
 inhabitants, bistory, ti 3 - 
 118. Central Alpine range, 
 117 -119. South - Eastern 
 Tyrol: dolomite moun¬ 
 tains, four chief dolomite 
 valleys, inliabitants, 119- 
 123. South - ‘Western 
 Tyrol; Orteler, Adamello, 
 and Brenta Alta groups, 
 123, 124. Tours through 
 Tyrol, 124-128 
 -Schloss, i6o, 162 
 
 u. 
 
 Uderns, 383 
 Udine, 587 
 Ubersee, 20 
 Uggowitz. 583 
 Ulrich, St, 354i 378 
 Ultenthal, 262, 266 
 Umbalthal, 332 
 Umhausen in the Oetzthal, 
 192 
 
 Unken, 22, 377 
 Unsre-Frau, 205, 206 
 Unterau, 231 
 Unterbergen, 465 
 Unterhofen, 150 
 Unter-Laner, 266 
 Unterloibl, 462, 465 
 Unter-Loitsch, 549 
 Unter-Ritten, 238 
 Untersberg, 62 
 Untertauern, 449 
 Unter-Vintl, 312, 358 
 Unz, caverns of the, 559 
 Unzmarkt, 572 
 Uttendorf, 395 
 Uttenheim, 336 
 
 VOCKLABRUCK. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vaduz, 128 
 Vahrn, 232 
 A^al Camonica, 263 
 
 -Sugana, 294 
 
 Valdagno, 415 
 Valdidena, 316 
 Valentin, St, 57, i 55 , 3 I 3 .339 
 Valle, 366, 410 
 Valstagna, 298, 413 
 Valtelline, 168 
 Varenna, 167 
 Veit, St., 326, 512, 574 
 Velden, 457 
 
 Veldes, 548, 595; lake of, 
 596 
 
 Vellach, Ober, 88, 474 
 Veltums, 233 
 Venediger-Spitze, 332 
 Venice, 301, 369 , 
 
 Venzone, 586 
 Verona, St., 235 
 Venniglio, 263 
 Vernagtfernei', 204 
 Verona, 247 
 Vestone, 279, 405 
 Vezza, 264 
 Vezzano, 254 
 Vicenza, 413 
 
 -to Schio, 414 
 
 Vienna: lines, inns, chief 
 objects of interest, 60 
 
 -to Gratz, 506 
 
 -to Mariazell, 490 
 
 -*to Salzburg, 47 
 
 -to Venice by Juden- 
 
 burg, Pontebba, Udine, 
 570 
 
 Vigil, St., 348 
 Vigilio, St., 252, 270 
 Vigo. 239. 276, 284, 37 i 
 Viktring, 464 
 Villa, 276, 372, 585 
 Villach, 454,579,610; battle, 
 455 „ . 
 
 -*to Bnxen, 310 
 
 -to Laibach, by the Save, 
 
 590 
 
 -*to Trieste, 603 
 
 Vilminore, 403 
 Vilpian, 163 
 Vintschgau, 156, 208 
 Virgen,331 
 Virgenthal, 331, 344 
 Vito, St., 362 
 Vittnach, 597 
 Vobarno, 405 
 Vdckla river, 53 
 Vdcklabruck, 53 
 
 WILDALPEN. 
 
 Vdcklamarkt, 53 
 Volderau, 214 
 Volders, 34 
 Volkermarkt, 602 
 Vdllan, 266 
 Vols, 357 
 
 Vorarlberg, 113, 130 
 Vordenberg, 446 
 Vordersee, 107 
 Viislau, 511 
 
 W. 
 
 Waidisch, 463 
 Waidring, 378 
 Walchensee, 29 
 Wald, 392 
 
 Waldbach-strub, loi 
 Waldeck, 513 
 Wald East, 210 
 Wallersee, 30, 52 
 Wallgau, 30, 13 1 
 Wiilschenhofen, 239 
 Wiilschmetz, 258 
 Waltenhofen, 7 
 AValtenthal, 221 
 Warth, 148 
 AVatzmann, 62, 68 
 AVegscheid, 493,498 
 AVeichselboden, 502 
 AVeidlingau, 59; 
 AVeiherburg castle, 143 
 AVeilheim, 25 
 AVeissachthal, 8 
 AVeissbach, 91 
 AVeissenbach, 99, 151, 223 
 AVeissenfels lakes, 592 
 Weissensee, 318 
 AVeisskugel, 203 
 AVeissnix, 521 
 AVelfenstein castle, 230 
 AVels, 54, 94 
 AVelsberg, 313 
 AVelser family, 141, 142 
 AVendelstein, 39 
 AVengenthal, 348 
 AVenns, 199 
 AVerfen, 76, 447 
 AVertach, river, 6 
 AVesterham, 19 
 AVesterringen, 6 
 AA'‘etterspitz, 132 
 AVeyer, 442 
 AVieu, or Vienna, 60 
 AVien river, 59 
 AViener-Neustadt, 515 
 AVienerbriicke, 497 
 AVienerwald, 59 
 AViesberg, 134 
 AVildalpen, 503 
 

 
 
 i I 
 
 ■ 1l 
 
 Wildbad-Gastein, 8i, 488 
 Wilder Pfaff, 216 
 Wildniss, 98 
 Wildpoldzried, 7 
 Wildspitze, 199, 203 
 Wilhelmsberg, 497 
 Wilten, 225 
 AVimbachthal, 67 
 AVindiscli-Feistritz, 461 
 Windisch-Matrci, J27, 342, 
 344 
 
 -to Brunecken, 33J. 
 
 Winkel, 337 
 Wlnkl, 478 
 
 Winklern, its beautiful 
 situation, 473 
 Wipbach, 551 
 Wirflacb, 520 
 Wirl, 133 
 Wochein See, 596 
 Wolfgang, St,, lake of, 99, 
 430; village, 337, 431,485 
 Wolfgang, St., im Fusch, 
 
 396 
 
 Wolfrathshausen, 29 
 
 Wolfsbachthal, 581 
 Wolfsberg, 537, 600 
 Wolkenstein, 351, 354 
 Wcillersdorf, 513 
 Wood-carvers. 353 
 Worgl, 30, 379 
 
 to JMittersill, 380 
 
 Worms, 173 
 Worth, 486 
 Wdrthersee, 457 
 Wiirm river, 24 
 Wurmsee, 24 
 
 Wunnser Joch, road of, 156, 
 176 
 
 Wurzen Save, 583, 591; 
 valley of, 590, 591 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zamserthal, 386 
 Zams, nunnery of, 135 
 Zaiinhorf, 199 
 Zebru, val del, 184 
 Zell, 37 
 
 THE END. 
 
 ZWISCIIEN. 
 
 Zell am See, 90 
 Zell ill Zillerthal, 341, 383 ; 
 
 Protestants expelled from, 
 „ 3^4 
 
 Zellermoos, 89 
 Zemgrund, 387 
 Zemthal, 386 
 Zeno, St., 375 
 Zenoberg, 290 
 Ziano, 283 
 Zillerthal, 40, 41, 118, 313, 
 382, 384 
 
 Zirknitz, 561; lake, 561 
 Zirl, 28, 137 
 Zoldo, val di, 309 
 Zullfeld, 576 ; antiquities, 
 Herzogs Stuhl, 576 
 Zoppd, 366 
 Zorzoi, 302 
 Zuel, 364 
 Zuglio, 322 
 Zugspitze, 17, 25, 26 
 Zwieselalp, 107 
 Zwieselstein, 194 
 Zwischen Wasser, 348, 574 
 
 
 

 
 
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