s 
 
 Got. tfSf-C 
 
 cz z 
 w < </, 
 
 |-» -< CD 
 
 (B CD (— 
 
 cn 50 o 
 
State of Illinois 
 Department of Registration and Education 
 STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY , URBANA 
 John C. Frye, Chief 
 
 EARTH SCIENCE FIELD TRIP 
 
 Hi 
 
 NisL/ Hi & 
 
 
 m: 
 
 m 
 
 B- 
 
 U££i 
 
 
 IlfA 
 MAY 18, i957 
 KANKAKEE COUNTY 
 KANKAKEE QUADRNGLE 
 
 
 
 Leaders 
 
 GEORGE E. EKBLAW 
 GEORGE M. WILSON 
 
 GUIDE LEAFLET NO. 57C 
 
 HOST: KANKAKEE HIGH SCHOOL 
 
Mileage 
 Interval Total 
 
 Geology Field Trip Itinerary 
 Kankakee Area 
 May 18, 1957 
 
 Assembly in parking area (barricaded part of Merchant Street) between 
 Junior and Senior High Schools, headed west. 
 
 0.0 Intersection of Warren and Merchant streets. West on Merchant Street. 
 
 0,1 0.1 Turn right (north) on Orchard Street. 
 
 0.1 0.2 Stop . East Court Street - State Highway No. 17. Turn left (west). 
 
 Follow State Highway No. 17 west through business district of 
 Kankakee to intersection with U.S. Highway No. 45, and thence follow 
 U.S. Highway No. 45 west and north through Kankakee, Bradley, and 
 Bourbonnais to severance of State Highway No. 113 N. in Bourbonnais. 
 
 Each driver will be responsible for observing traffic lights and 
 otherwise following this portion of the route. 
 
 1.5 1.7 Railroad crossing — numerous tracks. 
 
 0.6 2.3 Excavations for building foundations are partly in limestone, showing 
 that it lies at shallow depth. 
 
 1.5 3.8 Y- junction of U.S. Highway No. 45 and State Highway No. 113 N. Bear 
 left (northwest) on Highway 113 N. 
 
 Rising on northwest side slope of subglacial channel through 
 Minooka moraine. 
 
 1.4 5.2 Stop No. I . Crest of Minooka moraine. 
 
 Tens and hundreds of thousands of years ago most of Illinois, 
 together with most of northern North America, was covered by huge ice- 
 sheets or glaciers. These glaciers expanded from centers in what is 
 now eastern Canada. They developed when for some reasons not yet 
 determined the mean annual temperatures in the region were somewhat 
 lower than now, so that not all of the snow that fell during the 
 winters was melted during the summers. The snow residues accumulated 
 year after year until they became a sheet of ice so thick that as a 
 result of its weight the lowermost part began to flow outward, carry- 
 ing with it the soil and rocks on which it rested and over which it 
 moved. The process continued until the glacier extended into our 
 country as far south as Missouri and Ohio rivers. 
 
 At this time the temperatures moderated. The melting of the ice 
 first balanced its accumulation and expansion, so that its margin 
 remained stationary. Later the melting exceeded the accumulation and 
 expansion, and the ice front gradually melted back until the glacier 
 disappeared entirely. 
 
 As the glacier melted, all of the soil and rocks which it had picked 
 up as it advanced were released. Some of this material or drift was 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2012 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://archive.org/details/earthsciencefiel1957illi 
 
-2- 
 
 deposited in place as the ice melted. Such material consists of a 
 thorough mixture of all kinds and sizes of rocks and is known as 
 till . Some of the glacial drift was washed out with the melt-waters. 
 The coarsest outwash material was deposited nearest the ice-front and 
 gradually finer material farther away. The finest clay may have been 
 carried all the way to the ocean. Where the outwash material was 
 spread widely in front of the glacier it forms an outwash-plain ; 
 where it was restricted to the river valleys, it forms what are called 
 valley-trains . 
 
 Some sand and gravel was also deposited at the edge of or actually 
 within the glacier, by streams of melt-water flowing on, in, or under 
 the glacier. Deposits along the courses of such streams now appear 
 as ridges of gravel and are known as eskers . Deposits made where 
 such streams emerged at the edge of the glacier or emptied into holes 
 in the glacier now appear as more or less conical hills of gravel 
 and are known as kames . 
 
 At times, especially in the winters, the outwash-plains and valley- 
 trains were exposed as the melt-waters subsided. At such times the 
 wind picked up silt and fine sand from their surfaces, blew it across 
 the country, and dropped it to form deposits of what is known as 
 loess . Glacial loess mantles most of Illinois. Near the large river 
 valleys it may be as much as 60 or 80 feet thick. Far from the val- 
 leys it may be measured only in inches, if it can be identified at all. 
 
 It is now commonly known that there were four major periods of 
 glaciation during the Pleistocene or Great Ice age, (see accompanying 
 table) and that between each pair there was a long interglacial period 
 in which conditions were as they are today. It is also commonly 
 known that during each major glaciation there were a number of retreats 
 and readvances. This was particularly true during the last or Wiscon- 
 sin glacial stage. 
 
 The position of the ice-front at each advance is marked by a ridge 
 of till or moraine. The moraine represents the accumulation of drift 
 at the ice-margin while the advance and melting were essentially in 
 balance, when more and more material was being brought to the edge by 
 the advancing ice. When melting exceeded advance, so that the ice- 
 front retreated, the resulting drift deposits form a drift-plain or 
 till-plain , whose surface may be almost level or more or less billowy. 
 
 This stop is on the top of the Minooka moraine, one of the moraines 
 of Wisconsin age. To the south lies another moraine, the Marseilles, 
 which will be seen later on the trip. Between the Marseilles and 
 Minooka moraines lies the principal valley of the Kankakee Torrent, 
 which will be discussed shortly. To the northeast lies a third 
 moraine, the Manhattan — a low narrow moraine that is hardly recog- 
 nized as such by a casual observer. Between the Minooka and Manhattan 
 moraines is the Minooka till plain, through which high-level waters 
 of the Kankakee Torrent eroded a shallow valley. As shown on the 
 accompanying map of moraines in northeastern Illinois, these are only 
 three of several of Wisconsin age. 
 
 The surface relief of moraines is generally greater than that of 
 the drift-plains. It is generally referred to as swell-and swale, but 
 on some moraines it is termed knob-and-kettle topography. Generally 
 
-3- 
 
 the outer slope and edge of the moraines is interrupted by valleys and 
 re-entrant angles marking the courses of glacial rivers. At some places 
 there are gaps in the moraines where subglacial streams presumably car- 
 ried away most of the drift. Subglacial valleys may be distinguished 
 from valleys developed by erosion in post-glacial time by the fact that 
 morainic topography occurs all the way down to valley slopes. 
 
 There are two general geological situations in the Kankakee area 
 that should probably be discussed at this point, as they are reflected 
 in much of the phenomena that will be observed today. The first is that 
 the area is universally underlain by bedrock of Silurian age. This bed- 
 rock is dolomite, but as will be seen later it may vary markedly in 
 character within short distances. Also, because of preglacial erosion 
 the surface of the bedrock is very irregular, and for that reason, as 
 well as because of the surface irregularities of the drift mantle, the 
 depth to bedrock may vary greatly within short distances. Some flattish 
 areas in the region may be underlain by bedrock essentially at the sur- 
 face, in others it may not be encountered for 100 feet or more. Some 
 hills in the region consist of glacial drift only; others, such as the 
 one that occupies most of sec. 20 a mile west of Manteno, may consist 
 entirely of limestone with practically no drift mantle. 
 
 The second general geologic situation concerns what is termed the 
 Kankakee Torrent. This Torrent consisted of the melt-water from the 
 Valparaiso glacier, the glacier that deposited first the Manhattan 
 moraine and then later moraines farther to the northeast. For some 
 unknown reason the melt-water from the Valparaiso glacier seemed to 
 constitute a much greater volume than had been derived from any other 
 glacier that invaded or approached Illinois. The melt-water from that 
 portion of the glacier that lay between Lakes Erie and Michigan escaped 
 through Kankakee valley. It came down the valley from Michigan and 
 Indiana in an amount that could not contemporaneously escape through 
 the valley-gap that existed in the Marseilles moraine at Marseilles at 
 that time, and so the waters spread widely through the Morris basin, to 
 form what we call Lake Wauponsee, through the Kankakee valley back into 
 Indiana, overflowed south into the basin of Iroquois River to revive 
 Lake Watseka, and thence flowed down the Illinois-Vermilion valley past 
 what is now Pontiac and Streator. But here again all the flood water 
 could not escape through the valley-gap in the older Farm Ridge moraine 
 at LaSalle, and so it spread out between the Farm Ridge moraine and the 
 Marseilles moraine to form what we call Lake Ottawa in the Illinois 
 Valley, and between the Cropsey and Marseilles moraines to form what we 
 call Lake Pontiac in the Vermilion Valley. All of these lakes are 
 shown on the map accompanying guide leaflet. 
 
 The flood did not occur just once, or all at once. It was doubtless 
 repeated year after year x c or many, possibly hundreds, of years. In 
 the early years it was doubtless small, but as the years passed it be- 
 came larger and larger until at some time it reached a maximum, and 
 then, as the Valparaiso glacier receded, it gradually subsided. 
 
 At the beginning of the Kankakee Torrent, Kankakee Valley in the 
 vicinity of Kankakee was not nearly as deep or as broad as it is now. 
 It was probably a wide plain of Marseilles drift, through which a 
 small river found its way. When the Torrent first attained consider- 
 able volume, it spread widely across this plain and at its highest 
 
-4- 
 
 level it also found avenues through subglacial channels in the Minooka 
 moraine and flowed across the drift plain behind the moraine. As the 
 Torrent continued, it kept eroding deeper into the Marseilles drift 
 plain, removing practically all of the drift, and even eroding into 
 the Silurian dolomite beneath. In its last stages it cut definite 
 channels in the bedrock. 
 
 Outwash from the glacier was of course carried by the melt-water 
 but most of it was carried beyond the Kankakee area by the torrential 
 waters. Some of the coarser outwash, however, together with the 
 coarse residuals from the local drift and with rubble ripped from 
 the bedrock by the Torrent, was deposited as bars in the course of 
 the Torrent. In its waning stages the Torrent deposited sand and 
 silt, some again in bars, some spread over the valley. Much of this 
 sand has been reworked by the wind. Locally there are sand dunes 
 built by the wind, but most of them are associated with the bars. 
 
 All of these and other associated features of the Torrent will be 
 observed during the trip. 
 
 0.3 5.5 Turn left (south) on gravel road. 
 
 0,2 5.7 Turn right (west). 
 
 0.8 6.5 Crossing Davis Creek. Note bedrock in sides of valley on both sides 
 of road. 
 
 0.05 6.55 Turn right (north). 
 
 0.75 7.3 Stop . State Highway No. 113 N. Turn right (east). 
 
 0.3 7.6 Crossing Davis Creek. This stream flows in a subglacial channel 
 
 through Minooka moraine. The brush on the north (left) side of the 
 road, on the east side of the stream valley, marks the location of 
 what is reported to have been the first permanent habitation of a 
 white man in the Kankakee area. 
 
 1.2 8.8 Turn left (north) on gravel road. 
 
 0.5 9.3 Intramorainal channel. It marks the edge of the Minooka ice front at 
 a brief halt as it started to recede from its most advanced position. 
 
 1.5 10.8 Turn right (east). 
 
 1.0 11.8 Stop . U.S. Highway No. 45. Straight ahead. 
 
 0.4 12.2 Crest of back ridge of Minooka moraine. 
 
 0.8 13.0 Caution and sto p . Railroad crossing and U.S. Highway No. 54. Turn 
 left (north) on highway. 
 
 To northeast is Minooka till plain traversed by high-level channel 
 of Kankakee Torrent. 
 
 1.2 14,2 Stop No. II . Quarry of Manteno Limestone Company. 
 
 This quarry is in one of the numerous reefs that characterize the 
 
-5- 
 
 Silurian bedrock in northeastern Illinois. Several types of rock 
 occur in the reef, depending on the part of the reef in which they 
 were deposited, and the kinds of fossils that may be found vary for 
 the same reason. 
 
 The core of the reef was built up by the accumulation in place of 
 the stony skeletons of such animals as corals, stromatoparoids, and 
 associated phyla, supplemented by fine fossil debris. On the flanks 
 of the reef the fossil debris accumulated in beds parallel to the 
 slope. Between reefs the beds are horizontal -- at some places they 
 are good dolomite, at others they are very argillaceous. Reefs have 
 a tendency to protrude above a bedrock plain. 
 
 The principal core of this reef is in the northeast corner of the 
 quarry, but cores of smaller parts of the reef occur also in the 
 northwest part of the quarry. Beds of good rock dipping southwesterly 
 off the core of the reef are exposed in the sides of the quarry. Thin 
 shaly horizontal beds can be seen in the southwest part of the quarry. 
 
 Also prevalent in the Silurian bedrock in northeastern Illinois 
 are deposits of Pennsylvanian siltstone and clay. They appear to 
 fill old sink-holes in the dolomite, but the current interpretation 
 is that although the depressions are sinks, they occurred after , not 
 before, the Pennsylvanian beds were deposited and that the Pennsyl- 
 vanian strata settled into the sinks as they were being dissolved. 
 The evidence for this interpretation is (1) the position and altitude 
 of the Pennsylvanian strata where they can be observed in the sinks 
 and (2) the "slickenlites" on the surface of the dolomite in the sides 
 of the sinks, even on the under sides of projecting beds. 
 
 On leaving quarry, turn south (left) on highway. 
 
 1.2 15.4 Turn left (east) on St. George Road. 
 
 This is the back slope of the Minocka moraine. About a mile to 
 the northeast is a high-level Kankakee Torrent channel. Beyond is 
 Minooka drift plain, with the Manhattan moraine about 5 miles to the 
 northeast. The torrent channel is erodec down to bedrock, which pre- 
 sumably prevented further deepening. Deposits of fine gravel occur 
 along the sides and locally in the bottom of the channel. 
 
 1.6 27.0 Crossing Soldier Creek. Note erosion shoulders on both sides of 
 narrow valley on south (right) side of road. 
 
 2.2 19.2 Turn right (south). 
 
 0.2 19.4 Stop No. III . Exline Creek, which originates in a subglacial channel 
 through" the Valparaiso moraine about 15 miles to the northeast, flows 
 in a sluiceway cut by the Valparaiso melt-water that escaped through 
 this valley to the Kankakee Torrent. Outwash carried by glacial 
 Exline Creek was deposited along the sides of the valley. From the 
 physiographic relations at this locality, it appears that the outwash 
 was deposited during the earliest stages of the Torrent and that 
 later, as the level of the Torrent was lowered, the melt-waters cut 
 a channel or sluiceway through the outwash, leaving it as low ter- 
 races along the channel. 
 
-6- 
 
 0.8 20.2 Turn left (east). 
 
 0.1 20.3 Stop No. IV . To the southwest is an excellent view of the terrace- 
 sFlTJTceway relationship along Exline Creek. From that point to the 
 point of the stop the terrace gradually merges into a drainage way 
 indigenous to the original drift plain or possibly locally developed 
 by high-level Kankakee Torrent waters, as in the low tableland to the 
 east and southeast bedrock is near the surface. 
 
 0.4 20.7 Turn right (south). 
 
 1.9 22.6 Caution - railway crossing at Exline. Note Exline Creek sluiceway 
 a short distance to west. The sluiceway has a relatively uniform 
 width and depth throughout its course and also maintains a consider- 
 able gradient. 
 
 0.6 23.2 Approximately at this point begins what is probably a fan at the 
 
 mouth of the Exline Creek sluiceway, deposited in Kankakee Torrent. 
 
 1.5 24.7 Stop . State Highway No. 17. Turn left (west) on highway. Just west 
 of turn is bridge over original Exline Creek, flowing southeasterly. 
 Years ago the main portion of the stream was artificially diverted to 
 Baker Creek, flowing southwest instead of southeast, to empty into 
 Kankakee River several miles below the mouth of old Exline Creek, with 
 a consequent improvement in the drainage gradient in the creek. The 
 point of diversion is in the NE. NE.t sec. 36, as may be noted on the 
 map. 
 
 0.7 25.4 St op No . V. To west and northwest is a bluff of Minooka till eroded 
 byTTTe "Kankakee Torrent in its more concentrated stage. This bluff 
 was the northwest wall of the principal Torrent at this locality. 
 The character of the fan at the mouth of Exline Creek where it emptied 
 into the Torrent can also be observed from this point. 
 
 0.5 25.9 Bridge over Baker Creek — now the outlet stream for Exline Creek. 
 
 2.9 28.8 Turn left (south) on South Nelson Avenue. 
 
 0.1 28.9 Turn right (west) on Maple Street. 
 
 0.1 29.0 Turn left (south) on Osborn Avenue. 
 
 1.0 30,0 Turn left (east) on Cobb Boulevard. 
 
 0.1 30.1 St op No, VI . Bechman Park. LUNCH. 
 
 0.1 30.2 Turn left (north) on Justine Drive. 
 
 0.3 30,5 Turn right (east) on Duane Street. 
 
 0.5 31.0 Turn right (southeast) on Maple Street. 
 
 0.1 31.1 Turn left (east) in lane. 
 
 0.2 31.3 C aution . Railway crossing and entrance to clay pit and brick plant 
 of Kankakee Clay Products Company. 
 
-7- 
 
 Stop No. VII A . The pit exposes glacial clay, presumably of Marseilles 
 age, overlain unevenly by irregularly bedded silt, sand, and gravel, 
 presumably outwash from the Minooka glacier, in turn overlain locally 
 by Kankakee Torrent material. 
 
 0.2 31.5 Stop No. VII B . In lane, just before returning to Maple Street. 
 
 East side of new highway under Maple Street exposes Minooka outwash 
 over Marseilles glacial clay over gravel, presumably also of Marseilles 
 age. 
 
 Turn left (southeast) on Maple Street. 
 
 2.3 33.8 Stop No. VIII . Exposure of gravel overlain by sand in excavations for 
 
 sewers and house s . 
 
 0.1 33.9 Stop . Aroma Park. Jog right (south) to Third Street. 
 
 0.4 34.3 Stop . Bridge Street. Turn right (south). 
 
 0.2 34.5 Crossing Kankakee River. 
 
 0.3 34.8 Bear left and turn left (east). 
 
 0.4 35.2 C aution . Railway crossing. 
 
 0.8 36.0 Turn right (south). 
 
 0.7 36.7 Caution . Railway crossing. 
 
 0.4 37.1 St op No. IX . View of Mt. Langham, a complex kame at the apex of re- 
 entrant angle in the front of the Marseilles glacier, with low morainic 
 limbs to southwest and southeast. The kame complex consists of one 
 large and several smaller kames interspersed vr.th undrained kettles. 
 A subglc^ial channel, in which Deer Creek rises, borders the east side 
 of the kame complex. 
 
 0.5 37.6 Turn right (west). Mote numerous boulders along roadside. 
 
 0.2 37.8 Note "blow sand" along fencerow 1/4 mile to right (north). We are on 
 marginal deposit of Marseilles age. 
 
 0.5 38.3 Turn left (south). 
 
 0.1 38.4 Stop . Paved highway. Now entering marginal area of glacial Lake 
 Watseka. 
 
 0.9 39.3 Turn left (east). 
 
 0.3 39.6 Turn right (south). 
 
 1.0 40.6 Stop . Turn right (west). 
 
 1.4 42.0 Turn left (south). 
 0.6 42.6 Jog right and left. 
 
-8- 
 0.3 42.9 Iroquois River. 
 0.1 43.0 Turn right (west). 
 
 1.3 44.3 Turn left (south). Note Marseilles moraine a mile to northwest. 
 
 0.2 44.5 Turn right (west). 
 
 1.1 45.6 S top . State Highway No. 49. Straight ahead. Note Marseilles moraine 
 to north, with numerous small reentrant angles and some subglacial 
 channels, at the mouth of which there are deposits of sand and gravel, 
 in some of which pits have been operated. 
 
 0.9 46.5 About a mile to north may be observed evidences of a former large 
 gravel pit in a delta-fan in front of a subglacial channel in the 
 moraine. 
 
 0.9 47.4 Stop No. X. On large fan-delta built out into Lake Watseka by large 
 subglaciai~"stream flowing from Marseilles glacier. This fan consists 
 mostly of fine gravel. A distinct distributary channel cuts south- 
 easterly across the fan. 
 
 0.2 47.6 Stop . U.S. Highways Nos. 45 and 54. Turn right (north) on highway. 
 Note that we are in bottom of subglacial channel. 
 
 0.2 47.8 Note gravel exposed on right (east) side. 
 
 0.3 48.1 Fine view of subglacial channel gap to northwest. 
 
 0.5 48.6 Turn left (west). Caution . Railway crossing. 
 
 0.1 48.7 Turn right (north). Subglacial channel and sluiceway to west (left). 
 
 0.5 49.2 South margin of Kankakee Torrent. 
 
 1.4 50.6 Kankakee Torrent sand bar. 
 
 0.7 51.3 Caution . Railway crossing. Note that in dredging of stream on north 
 side of railway rubble on bedrock was locally encountered, showing 
 that (1) the Kankakee Torrent stripped off the glacial drift and (2) 
 the surface of the bedrock is uneven. 
 
 0.4 51.7 Caution . Junction with State Highway No. 115. Straight ahead. 
 
 0.8 52.5 The low mound a mile to the east is a rock "hill," in which there was 
 formerly a local quarry northwest of the farmstead. 
 
 0.7 53.2 Drainage ditch — note rubbly dolomite gravel in banks. 
 
 1.1 54.3 Drainage ditch — to east, note that it is first in sand, then in 
 bedrock. 
 
 0.3 54.6 Sand bar of Kankakee Torrent. 
 
 0.1 54.7 Caution . Straight ahead off highway. 
 
 0.1 54.8 Turn left (west). 
 
-9- 
 0.5 55.3 From this point on, note numerous residual boulders along roadside. 
 
 0.5 55.8 Turn right (north). 
 
 0.9 56.7 Stop . State Highway No. 17. Turn left (west). 
 
 1.2 57.9 Entering complex of sand bars of Kankakee Torrent. Much of the sand 
 in these bars has been removed for commercial molding sand and for 
 fill material. 
 
 0.7 58.6 Crest of prominent bar. 
 
 0.2 58.8 Caution . Railway crossing. 
 
 0.4 59.2 Stop No. XI . Exposure of sand in pit in Kankakee Torrent bar. 
 
 1.5 60.7 Turn left (south). 
 
 1.4 62.1 Turn left (east) into Lehigh Stone Company quarry. 
 
 Sto p No. XI I. In this huge quarry is exposed relatively pure, rela- 
 tively uniform dolomite of Niagaran (Silurian) age. Large "sinks" 
 filled with Pennsylvanian strata are not uncommon. 
 
 End of trip. Au revoir! See you next fall! 
 
S* MARGIN OF 
 
 ' WISCONSIN 
 
 SCALE 
 
 5 10 15 20 Ml 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE CEOLOSICAL SURVEY 
 
 GLACIAL GEOLOGY IN NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS 
 
 Compiled by George E. Ekblaw from data furnished by the Survey 
 
 January 1, 1942 
 
Time Table of Pleistocene Glaciation 
 (after M. M. Lei<»hton and H. B. Willman, 19$0) 
 
 Stages 
 
 Sub-stages 
 
 Nature of Deposits 
 
 Special Features 
 
 Recent 
 
 
 Soil, infant to youthful pro- 
 file of weathering, lake and 
 river deposits, dunes, peat. 
 
 
 Wisconsin 
 (iith glacial) 
 
 Late 
 Mankato 
 
 Early 
 
 Cary 
 Tazewell 
 
 Iowan 
 
 Farmdal e 
 (Pro- 1 , lis.) 
 
 Fluvial deposition - 
 
 Mississippi, Illinois, and 
 Ohio river valleys; dune 
 sand, some loess deposits 
 along Mississippi River 
 Valley; and deposits in Lake 
 Chicago . 
 
 Drift, loess, dunes, beginning 
 of deposits in Lake Chicago 
 
 Drift, loess, dunes, lake 
 deposits 
 
 Drift, loess, dunes. 
 
 Lcess (in advance of glacia- 
 tion) 
 
 Lake Agassiz Torrent 
 eroded Late Mankato 
 deposits 
 
 Lake Duluth Torrent 
 eroded Early Mankato 
 deposits 
 
 Forest bed, Two Creeks, 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Kankakee and Lake Maumee 
 Torrents 
 
 Fox River Torrent 
 Westward diversion of 
 Mississippi River into 
 Iowa by Tazewell ice 
 lobe 
 
 Sangamon 
 
 (3rd inter glac 
 
 ial) 
 
 Soil, mature profile of weath- 
 ering, alluvium, peat 
 
 
 ILlinoian 
 (3rd glacial 
 
 Buffalo Hart 
 
 Jacksonville 
 
 Pays on 
 
 (terminal) 
 
 Lovelend 
 (Pro-Hi.) 
 
 Drift 
 Drift 
 Drift 
 
 Loess (in advance of glacia- 
 tion) 
 
 
 Yarmouth 
 (2nd interglac 
 
 Ial) 
 
 Soil, mature profile of weath- 
 ering, alluvium, peat. 
 
 
 (2nd glacial) 
 
 
 Drift 
 LoesB 
 
 
 Aftonian 
 (1st interglac 
 
 :ial) 
 
 Soil, mature profile of weath- 
 ering, alluvium, peat. 
 
 
 Nebraskan 
 (1st glacial) 
 
 
 Drift 
 
 
GEOLOGICAL COLUMN - KANKAKEE AREA 
 
 ERAS 
 
 PERIODS 
 
 EPOCHS 
 
 REMARKS 
 
 o 
 
 N +■> 
 O C 
 
 c 
 <1) 
 
 
 <u 
 
 o 
 
 •H 
 
 o 
 
 N 
 
 O ^ 
 
 </) TS 
 
 0> TS 
 
 (A 
 
 O A3 
 
 CD U 
 < 2 
 
 L 
 
 CD 
 
 O i-H 
 
 < <u 
 
 O -H 
 •H _| 
 
 o 
 
 N +> 
 
 O C 
 
 Oi (1) 
 
 *-» -H 
 
 03 O 
 
 a c 
 < 
 
 C U> 
 CO -P 
 
 •H C 
 
 X! ft) 
 
 .c a, 
 o. 
 e >* 
 
 < 7! 
 
 4h CO 
 O (XI 
 
 O TJ 
 
 en c 
 < co 
 
 4-. W 
 O 0) 
 
 x: 
 < li. 
 
 t*-t CO 
 
 o u 
 
 Xi 
 
 CD 0) 
 
 < f-i 
 
 £ 
 
 Quaternary 
 
 Tertiary 
 
 Cretaceous 
 
 Pleistocene 
 
 Pliocene 
 
 Miocene 
 
 Oligocene 
 
 Eocene 
 
 Paleocene 
 
 Recent post-glacial stage 
 Wisconsin drifts 
 
 Not present in Kankakee area, 
 
 Not present in Kankakee area. 
 
 Jurassic 
 Triassic 
 Permian 
 
 T 
 
 Not present in Illinois 
 Not present in Illinois 
 
 Not present in Illinois 
 
 McLeansboro 
 
 Probably not present in 
 Kankakee area. 
 
 Pennsylvanian 
 
 Carbondale 
 
 Probably not present in 
 Kankakee area. 
 
 Tradewater and 
 Caseyville 
 
 Shale, coal, underclay, sand- 
 stone, siltstone - in sinks 
 
 Mississippian 
 
 Chester (Upper 
 Mississippian) 
 
 Not present in Kankakee area. 
 
 Iowa ( Lower 
 Mississippian) 
 
 Not present in Kankakee area. 
 
 
 Proterozoic 
 Archeozoic 
 "Early Life" 
 
 Devonian 
 
 Silurian 
 Ordovician 
 
 Cambrian 
 
 Not present in Kankakee area. 
 
 Dolomite. 
 
 Shale, limestone, and sand- 
 stone 
 
 Shale, limestone, and sand- 
 stone 
 
 Referred to as "Pre-Cambrian" Time. 
 
 Metamorphic and crystalline 
 rocks 
 
Plate 
 
 COMMON TYPES of ILLINOIS FOSSILS 
 
 Cup coral 
 
 GRAPTOLITE 
 
 CRINOID 
 
 PENTREMITE 
 
 Lithostrotion 
 
 CORALS 
 
 Honeycomb coral 
 
 HK,"."'"//' 
 
 tiiJ/i ''ijlim '.At 1 '*' / 
 
 Archimedes 
 
 Fenestella 
 
 Branching 
 
 BRYOZOA 
 
 Lingula Orbiculoidea 
 
 S pi r iter oid 
 
 Productoid 
 
 Pentameroid 
 
 BRACHIOPODS 
 
Plate 2 
 
 Common Types of Illinois fossils 
 
 "Clam" "Scallop" 
 
 PELECYPODS 
 
 Coiled cone 
 (Nautilus) 
 
 Straight cone 
 
 CEPHALOPODS 
 
 Low - spired 
 
 High- spired 
 
 Flat - spired 
 GASTROPODS 
 
 Bumastus 
 
 Calymene 
 (coiled ) 
 
 OSTRACODS 
 (greatly enlarged) 
 
 Calymene 
 (flat) 
 
 TRILOBITES 
 
 <=£*•■<