■ 
 
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 UEKTLfiii*''’'/ 
 1 ^ G St 
 
 PH i LADELPHIA 
 

 ATIONAL 
 
 T 
 
 HEATRE 
 
 j^EW 
 
 S. W. Cor. 10th and Oallowhill Streets, 
 
 m STUNBimO lOVElT! THEHTIIE OE HMEIIICII, 
 
 THE HANDSOMEST AND MOST COMPLETE 
 
 VARIETYTHEATREONTHISCONTINEINT 
 
 
 JSriGfrECT, 
 
 EVESH.TT 
 
 —AND FOR— 
 
 TH:E family MA.TIISrEES, 
 
 Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 2 P. M. 
 
 None but First Class Artistes Engaged, and the Performances of 
 the highest order of merit. The Family Entertainment 
 for the masses and at popular prices. All the 
 Latest Novelties and Sensations pre- 
 sented in rapid succession. 
 
 PRICES OF ADMISSION: 
 
 26 Cents. 
 15 Cents. 
 25 Cents. 
 75 Cents. 
 50 Cents. 
 
 General Adnnission, _ _ - - 
 
 Family Circle, Entrance on Callowhill St., 
 Dress Circle, _ _ - - _ 
 
 Parquet, 
 
 Parquet Circle, - - - _ 
 
 Orchestra Stalls, 
 Orchestra Chairs, 
 Private Boxes, 
 
 $1 OO. 
 $1.50. 
 
 $8.00 and $10.00. 
 
 Box Office Open Daily From 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. 
 
 NO EXTRA CHARGE FOR SECURED SEATS. 
 
 TAKE EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING PASSENGER RAILWAYS 
 
 sinid 
 
i. 6. WHITMim i CO., 
 812 tkslnut Street, 
 
 KEAE EIGHTH STEEET, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 ffiAKUFACTORERS OF THE 
 
 fkeit Jonfistiengii gai {jliecolgte la tliE {oaalrf. 
 
 Specialties in Neat Boxes for Present.^. Goods can he sent bj’ Express from onr Store 
 To nearly all parts of the World. 
 
 Our Centennial Lunch 
 Chocolate, is the best 
 preparation of the 
 kind ever 
 made. 
 
 It invigorates the system 
 in an eminent de- 
 gree, and is for 
 eating or 
 drinking. 
 
 Our, Novelties in Chocolate and Confections, will Fully Repay 
 
 A visit to our Store. 
 
SCHENCK’S BUILDING, COR. SIXTH AND ARCH STREETS, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 SCHENC'K’S PULMONIC SYRUP, 
 
 A positive cure lor Consumption, 
 
 SCIIENCK’S SEAWEED TONIC, 
 
 For Dyspepsia and Debility. 
 
 SCHENCK’S MANDRAKE PILLS, 
 
 For all Bilious Complaints. 
 
MAGEE’S 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 —AND THE— 
 
 CENTENNIAL 
 
 EXHIBITION, 
 
 A GUIDE AND DESCRIPTION 
 
 TO ALL PLACES OF INTEREST IN OR ABOUT PHILADELPHIA, 
 TO THE CENTENNIAL GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS, 
 
 AND FAIRMOUNT PARK. 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by R. Magee & Son, in the Librarian’s 
 Oflace, Washington, D. C. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA; 
 
 RICHARD MAGEE & SON, 
 1876. 
 

THE 
 
 CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 “A magic change, has time wrought here, 
 
 Where first the Indian chased the deer. 
 
 And danced in savage-wild career 
 Round festal fires : ' ' 
 
 Now temples of Faith and Art uprear 
 Their and spires.’^ .. 
 
 Market, Arch, Race and Vine, • 
 
 Chestnut, Walnut, Spruce and Pine.” 
 
 Less than half a century ago, the above couplet was the familiar rhyme 
 to express the bounds of our old city north and south, and the regularly 
 built up districts did not extend far above or below these lines. Now 
 Philadelphia reaches to Alleghany avenue. No. 3200 north, and to Hartranft 
 street. No. 3400 on the south, and from the Delaware river east to Cobb’s 
 creek, the Delaware county line on the west 5 forming an area of 82,603 
 acres, or 129^ square miles, thus giving to Philadelphia the largest area of 
 any city in the world. 
 
 Philadelphia was founded by the illustrious William Penn in the year 1682. 
 The euphonious name, so characteristic of the leader of the fraternity of 
 “Friends,” he derived from that of a city in Asia-Minor, and which in the 
 Greek means 
 
 “BROTHERLY LOVE.” 
 
 The first landing of William Penn on the site of his future city, was what 
 was then known as the “Blue Anchor Landing,” near to which stood the 
 Blue Anchor Tavern, and what is now Front and Dock streets. 
 
 
 96 1 f 20 
 
GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 2 
 
 Like many other cities of note in the United States, Philadelphia has 
 received a number of choice soubriquets or nick-names, such as the “ Quaker 
 City,” the “Marble City,” the “City of Homes,” &c.; which latter appella- 
 tion is a well-merited compliment, from the fact, that from its now about 
 nine hundred thousand inhabitants, it can boast of not far from two hundred 
 thousand comfortable dwellings, hundreds of which may well merit the name 
 of palaces. Thousands of mechanics and operators reside in their own houses, 
 earned by their own hard and honest toil. They are constructed of the solid 
 and bright red Philadelphia brick, with white marble door-steps, facings and 
 window-sills; contain a vestibule, four to six and eight rooms, neatly 
 papered; they are furnished with gas and bath, and a yard in the rear 
 sufficiently large for the cheerful grass-plot and flower-beds. To those who 
 do not own their dwellings, these neat and cheerful homes are usually rented 
 at from ten to twenty dollars per month, according to their locality. 
 
 Philadelphia has also been called the “City of Street Railroads;” having 
 about three hundred miles of street-railways, and running over two thousand 
 passenger cars ; its generally level surface and the rectangular lines of its 
 streets and squares, with an occasional large arterial avenue crossing through 
 the heart of the great city, from some point north-west to south-east, or in 
 the opposite direction, render it more available than any other city for this 
 desirable vehicle of transit. In whatever part of the vast city you may 
 locate or traverse you will hear the lively hum of the street cars, and whatever 
 point you may desire to reach, spring on board, apprise the conductor, and 
 he will either convey you to the place desired or transfer you to a car that will. 
 
 A stranger, who visited Philadelphia for observation and information, thus 
 gave his experience to a friend who was about to follow with a similar 
 object: 
 
 “Every street in Philadelphia is ribbed with rail-tracks, and if you wish 
 to view the entire square-toed metropolis, without the trouble of walking, 
 jump into a street car at the Delaware head of the city, and ride up one 
 street and down another, till you see up and down it, north and south, out 
 to the great western or county line ; then perform a similar car-feat across 
 from north to south, and you have interviewed a great city in a sitting posture.” 
 
 But it is not our purpose to give the stranger a history of the City, or an 
 epitome of its advantages, as it is to furnish a convenient vade mecum” 
 or guide to the numerous locations and objects of interest ; and with these re- 
 marks we proceed to place before him historical relics and places of interest 
 in Philadelphia. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 3 
 
 CONGRESS HALL 
 
 Is located on Chestnut Street, south-east corner of Sixth Street, and is now- 
 used for Court purposes 5 on the eastern wall is a tablet, with the following 
 inscription, in plain old-fashioned letters ; 
 
 In this building met the 
 First Senate, 
 and the 
 
 First House of Representatives 
 of the United States of America ; 
 and herein George Washington was inaugurated 
 President, March 4, 1793, 
 and closed his official career; 
 when, herein also, 
 
 John Adams was inaugurated the 
 Second President of the United States, 
 
 March 4, 1797. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE HALL, (THE BIRTH-PLACE OF LIBERTY,) 
 South Side of Chestnut Street, between 5th and Gth Sts. 
 
 Independence Hall, or the State House, as it was called in our early 
 days — originally designed by the architect Andrew — was built by Edmund 
 AYooley. It was finished after an interval of struggles in 1734. The solid 
 and ornamental brick-style of the Georgian era is manifested in the pecu- 
 liar exterior, while the mouldings, panelings and grotesque visages that orna- 
 ment the interior halls, doorways, &c., are fac-similes of the style of orna- 
 ments in the days of Queen Anne. 
 
 It was formally opened by Mayor Allen in the year 1735, with a banquet 
 in honor of Governor Penn. 
 
 It was here, in the first room on your left as you enter from Chestnut 
 street, that the first colonial Congress met to deliberate, in the language of 
 Washington, as to “hoAv far man could be trusted with self-goverment.” 
 It wa,s here, where the glorious ‘^Declaration of Independence” was debated 
 and signed by the immortal 56, July 4, 1776, and on the 8 th of July read by 
 John Nixon from a platform in the yard, (now Independence Square,) to a re- 
 joicing people, and a new and mighty nation was born to “Life, Liberty and 
 the pursuit of happiness.” 
 
4 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Independence Chamber has been restored to its original state of 1776. 
 The ancient and quaint desk upon which the Declaration was signed, the 
 old arm-chair of John Hancock, the chairs and portraits of the signers, and 
 the original draft of the Declaration, in the hand-writing of the immortal 
 author, Thomas J efferson, and various other relics, are here presented. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE CHAMBER. 
 
 This cliamber is rendered still more memorable and hallowed from its being 
 the scene of other solemn and impressive events. It wms in this apartment 
 that General La Fayette, the friend of America and of Washington, in 1824, 
 stood and received the citizens and their descendants, for whom he had shed his 
 blood in the llevolution, on which occasion the author of these pages, then a 
 boy, had the joy (with other ciiildren) of shaking him by the hand. It was 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 5 
 
 here that the bodies of various deceased statesmen, heroes, and patriots lay in 
 state, includinn; those of the gallant Elisha Kane, the Arctic navigator. Com- 
 modore Chas. Stewart, the Naval hero, the lamented Abraham Lincoln, the 
 valorous General Meade, the hero of Gettysburg, and the revered Vice- 
 President Wilson ; wildest Independence Hall, festooned in her dark drapery, 
 looked like some gigantie widow, mourning for her dear and good ones— gone. 
 Visitors are admitted free of charge from 9 A. M. until 5 P. M. 
 
 Directly opposite to Independence Chamber is the door leading to 
 
 THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
 
 The nucleus of a National Museum intended to commemorate the signing of 
 the Constitution of the United States in 1787, and the history of Pennsylvania 
 during colonial and Revolutionary days, is now on exhibition in the judicial 
 hall of the old colony of Pennsylvania. It is open to visitors from 10 A. M. to 
 1 P. M. of each day. 
 
 NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
 
6 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Among the many interesting relics in the Museum are the following : Origi- 
 nal charter of the city of Philadelphia, dated October 25, 1701, signed by the 
 founder, and bearing the great seal of Pennsylvania ; a fac-simile of the non- 
 importation resolutions of 1765, with the names of the signers; the strong-box 
 of Robert Morris, with his appointment as Superintendent of Finance ; speci- 
 mens of china used by W ashington ; a copy of the first Philadelphia news- 
 paper; flag of the First Regiment Pennsylvania Militia; a complete set of the 
 money of the Revolution ; a volume of Pennsylvania bills of credit, contain- 
 ing the original draft of the Act, in the handwriting of Andrew Hamilton, 
 for the issue of £30,000 in bills of credit, and for the erection of the State 
 House ; a piece of the Charter Oak ; an original stamp of the issue required 
 to be used under the Stamp Act of 1765; three chairs once occupied by the 
 chief justices of Pennsylvania ; a brewing-mug brought over with Penn in the 
 
 elcome ; a sofa which once belonged to W ashington ; and a dining-table 
 and looking-glass, once the property of William Penn. Among the portraits 
 are those of King William, Queens Mary and Anne, “the three Georges,” 
 Governor Morris, and other signers of the Federal Constitution, William 
 Rush, the sculptor, William Bartram, the botanist, Robert Fulton, Chief 
 Jusfice Chew, and others. 
 
 As you pass from the National Museum south into the rear vestibule, 
 directly opposite the staircase, you meet with a most noted and famous relic, 
 “the old Independence Bell,” that with its ponderous iron tongue tolled the 
 glad tidings of the Declaration to a disenthralled people. There it hangs, sus- 
 pended from its massive beams of wood, with the “crack” in its brazen head, 
 and the prophetic motto, the words of holy writ, standing out in bold relief 
 upon its forehead : 
 
 “proclaim liberty throughout all the land, and unto all the inhabi- 
 tants THEREOF.” 
 
 [Leviticus xxv. Ver. 10th.] 
 
 The Bell was originally cast in England in 1751, at a cost of one hundred 
 pounds sterling ; was ordered to be of two thousand pounds weight, and to 
 contain the following inscription : 
 
 “ By order of the Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania, for the State 
 House in the City of Philadelphia, 1752.” Also, “Proclaim Liberty through- 
 out all the land, and unto all the inhabitants thereof.” 
 
 Before the Bell was properly hung it was cracked by a stroke of the clapper 
 to try the sound, and was re-cast in this country by Pass & Stow, of this 
 city, who were compelled to re-mix the metal, as the original mixture was 
 found to be too brittle. It was finished and hung in June, 1753 ; but the most 
 important event in its history is that it rang to proclaim the birth of a nation 
 upon the basis that all men are born free and equal. In 1777, at the time the 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 7 
 
 American forces were compelled to evacuate Philadelphia, this Bell, together 
 with Christ Church chimes, was removed to Allentown, to prevent them being 
 melted into cannon by the English ; at the close of the war it was returned to 
 the city and continued in constant use until 1828, when it was replaced by the 
 present bell. The bell was broken in ringing for a fire one murky morning ; 
 but it had done its work, and for many years occupied a place among the 
 relics in Independence Chamber. 
 
 In 1872 it was placed where it now is, in the vestibule of the State House, 
 upon its original timbers. 
 
 THE OLD INDEPENDENCE BELL. 
 
 Directly opposite to where the old bell is placed is the old-fashioned stair- 
 case, leading up to the steeple of Independence Hall, from which commanding 
 altitude the visitor can obtain a most picturesque and diversified view of the 
 great city and its approaches, embracing the beautiful Delaware, the City of 
 Camden, and a lengthened range of the New Jersey shore. In the rear of 
 the Hall is Independence Square, newly and now beautifully laid out, grassed 
 and gravelled. It was here that the Declaration was first read to the people. 
 Beneath the shade of her venerable trees, Benjamin Franklin, Boger Sher- 
 
8 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 man and others of the patriotic signers, communed in private and inter- 
 changed their solemn views and sentiments before they cast the momentous 
 vote, which made their memories immortal. 
 
 As a fitting memorial for this sacred spot there is about to be erected 
 a colossal monument to Liberty 5 a committee of distinguished Philadelphia 
 ladies being at the head of the noble and patriotic enterprise. 
 
 The monument will be erected after the design of Wm. W. Story, of Boston, 
 in the centre of the Square, on a spot of ground sixty feet square, especially 
 dedicated to the purpose. 
 
 It will be about sixty feet in height, and twenty feet in width at the base. At 
 the top is the figure of Liberty, twenty-one feet high ; upon her head is the 
 Phrygian cap of liberty ; on her breast is the aegis of liberty ; her right hand 
 grasps the American flag, and her left hand rests upon the American shield, 
 hearing the national coat of arms. Upon the upper pedestal is a frieze, or 
 procession of forty-eight female figures, six feet in height, representing the 
 several States and Territories ; upon the front of the lower pedestal is the 
 national emblem — the eagle and thirteen stars ; on the other three sides are 
 the emblems of Agriculture, of Commerce, of Literature and of Arts; and 
 below these are the coats of arms of each State and Territory. At the corners 
 of the lower base are four heads of the American bison, or buffalo, typical of 
 our boundless Western prairies; the whole forming a noble, majestic and 
 beautiful design, unlike any other ever erected, the product of American 
 genius, and a fitting tribute from the American people to the memory of the 
 noble men who gained for themselves, and bequeathed to their posterity, the 
 priceless heritage of free government. 
 
 As the visitor passes, or approaches Independence Hall, another object 
 of patriotic interest arrests the eye. A beautiful statue of Washington in 
 white marble, on a square pedestal, presented by the School Children’s 
 Washington Monument Association of Philadelphia. A noble testimonial from 
 the children of America to the “ Father of his country.” 
 
 At the south-west corner of this block of venerable buildings, is the present 
 Mayor’s Office, the Central Police and Telegraph Station, and on the Fifth 
 street side, the rooms of that ancient and world-renowned institution, the 
 American Philosophical Society, established by Franklin and his learned and 
 sound scientific contemporaries. Dr. Franklin Bache, grandson of the great 
 philosopher being, until his death, one of its secretaries 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 On Chestnut Street, below Fifth Street, South Side. 
 
 Passing along Chestnut street from Independence Hall, with a grand view 
 of massive public buildings of marble and granite on either side, the first that 
 attracts your attention on your right hand is the Post Office of the present, or 
 
10 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 until the new grand and spacious one, now in course of erection at Ninth and 
 Chestnut and Market streets is completed ; the present edifice is of marble, 
 and is, we believe, the first building erected in Philadelphia, after the style of 
 Mr. Mansard, the eminent French architect; it is likewise the first Post 
 Office ever built in this city ; all buildings previously used, or parts of build- 
 ings, were hired by the U. S. Government. It was first opened for the postal 
 service on the 23d of February, 1863, with appropriate ceremonies, terminating 
 with a banquet. 
 
 On the first floor, which is half a square in length, the mails are received, 
 assorted, despatched and delivered ; in the south end is the carrier’s depart- 
 ment. 
 
 The second floor front contains the Money-Order and Letter-Register 
 Offices ; the rear rooms are occupied by the U. S. and Circuit Courts, and also 
 by the U. S. Marshal. 
 
 The third floor front is arranged as a bunking or lodging-room for the difier- 
 ent Route Agents, who, on delivering their vast freight of mails, and taking 
 a receipt for their Registers, can enjoy a few hours of repose after their 
 fatiguing and responsible journey. 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 Immediately next to the Post Office stands the Custom House. It is de- 
 signed from the celebrated Parthenon of Athens, Greece ; and an architect 
 who has 
 
 “Stood upon Acropolis,” 
 
 in that ancient city of architectural wonders, states that he believes it to be 
 the best imitation of the Parthenon ever constructed. 
 
 This beautiful structure was planned and erected as the U. S. Bank, and was 
 completed in the early part of 1824, at a cost of $600,000. The material is of 
 the finest white marble ; has a front on Chestnut street and also on Library 
 street ; each distinguished by eight fluted Doric columns, 27 feet in height and 
 four feet and a half in diameter. From its classic design, of course, it originally 
 had no windows, all the light being received from above. 
 
 On the second step of the dias, upon which the building stands, there was 
 originally an ornamental railing, but this was removed previous to the grand 
 pageant on the entrance of General La Fayette as “the nation’s guest,” in Sep- 
 tember, 1824, on which occasion the entire front, from the lowest step up to 
 the columns above, were lined with war-worn veterans, bearing a large flag, 
 lettered : 
 
 “ ’76,” and, “ Surviving Soldiers of the Revolution.” 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION 
 
 11 
 
 U. S. CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 Some in faded and tattered Continental uniforms ; some upon crutches ; others 
 with a wooden leg, or an “empty sleeve 5 ” and when the distinguished hero 
 of two hemispheres approached this point, there was a burst of enthusiasm 
 and of feeling from the steps, as well as from the line, seldom to be witnessed. 
 Yes, those same marble steps, which people now so thoughtlessly ascend, were 
 on that day moistened with the tears of war-worn veterans of 1776. 
 
 The next building of revolutionary interest, and second only to the Hall of 
 Independence, is 
 
 CARPENTERS’ HALL, 
 
 Located in Carpenters’ Court, in the rear of Chestnut below Fourth streets, 
 on the south side. The entrance to the Court is marked by a new and beauti- 
 ful business structure of the Florentine style of design. 
 
 It was in Carpenters’ Hall that the Colonial Congress of 1774 met, with 
 Peyton Randolph, as President. George Washington also attended here as a 
 delegate from Virginia. 
 
12 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 The venerable building 
 is well kept ; is in a good 
 state of preservation ; the 
 visitor has merely to draw 
 the bell-pull ; state his ob- 
 ject, and he is admitted. 
 
 Passing still down Chest- 
 nut street a few steps, we 
 meet with a narrow tho- 
 roughfare, on the north 
 side, now called Hudson 
 street, previously known 
 as Franklin Place, and 
 originally known as Frank- 
 lin Court. It was near the 
 northern end of this street, 
 in a brick tenement, that 
 Benj amin F ranklin had his 
 printing office, and worked 
 his famed hand-press, “ the 
 carpenters’ hall. ■ Franklin.” Most of the 
 
 old dwellings in this street belonged to Dr. Franklin, and the property but a 
 few years since was still in the hands of his eminent grandson, the late Dr. 
 Franklin Bache. 
 
 The building No. 7, is probably the last relic of the Doctor’s office. 
 
 Proceeding still down Chestnut street, a few steps east of Third street, and 
 we pass the first bank establishment in the United States, 
 
 THE BANK OF NORTH AMERICA, 
 
 established by Act of Congress, in 1781. 
 
 As Thomas Paine, in his famous paper said, “money, the sinew of war, was 
 wanting.” This desideratum through this agency, proposed and sustained by 
 Robert Morris, the Revolutionary financier, was supplied, public credit and 
 means were again secured, and the war brought to a successful termination. 
 
 Proceeding to Third street, and going upwards towards Market street, you 
 have a view of “ the money market,” and the great mart of money brokers, 
 money changers, and money mongers. 
 
 Passing down Third street, from Chestnut street, you come to another relic 
 of old commercial times — immediately opposite Dock street — 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION 
 
 13 
 
 THE GIRARD BANK. 
 
 This was erected in 1795, for the U. S. Government — ^but was subsequently 
 purchased from it by the great and benevolent merchant and banker, Stephen 
 Girard, our city’s greatest benefactor. Although somewhat dimmed by the 
 hand of time and the elements, it is a beautiful and classic structure. Since the 
 decease of Mr. Girard, it is still used for banking and for city purposes, and 
 still bears his honored name. Up to this point the sand barges and oyster 
 crafts used to come with the tide, and unload their freight. 
 
 merchant’s exchange. 
 
 Continuing down Third street to Walnut, where once the tide-waters of the 
 Delaware through Dock creek, now Dock street, formerly washed the sand- 
 banks, instead of the money banks of this locality, we enter by a marble 
 floorway 
 
 THE MERCHANT’S EXCHANGE, 
 
 The place where merchants most do congregate.” A beautifully blue” 
 marble structure, of Grecian architecture, an imitation of the lantern of 
 Demosthenes. It possesses three fronts — one on Walnut street, one on 
 Third street, and one semi-circular and columned front on Dock street, 
 on the east which is approached by two flights of marble steps, each sur- 
 mounted by a couchant lion. By the steps on the east you reach the “ Grand 
 
14 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Reading Room,” or news department, very liberally supplied with newspapers 
 from all parts of the civilized world, and to which strangers are freely ad- 
 mitted on application to either of the clerks. Subscribers to the rooms can 
 furnish their friends (visitors to the city) with passes for admission at any 
 time. 
 
 A record is here kept of the arrival, clearance and departure of vessels. Tele- 
 graphs are continually kept up from the Delaware Breakwater. It is in fact, 
 the prime seat of all marine intelligence for this meridian. The Board of 
 Brokers hold their meetings in a large and appropriate saloon in this building, 
 and a visitor will not find the bulls and bears as couchant as the lions I 
 
 WILLIAM PENN SLATE ROOF MANSION. 
 
 Passing down the marble steps we cross Dock street to Walnut street, from 
 thence to Second street, and a few yards north on the east side, we view the new 
 Commercial Exchange, immediately on the site of the old 
 
 WILLIAM PENN SLATE ROOF MANSION, 
 
 and constructed (but with added stories) in imitation of that antique structure. 
 The former famous edifice the writer well remembers from his childhood, with 
 its drab-colored bricks and dark slate roof, looking like some corpulent old 
 Quaker gentleman in his drab suit and dark broad-brimmed hat. Here William 
 Penn resided with his family, after his return to America, in the year 1700, 
 and here, a son was born, shortly after his arrival — hence called the American 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 15 
 
 Penn. Generals Washington, Lee, and numerous other worthies were 
 afterwards guests or occupants of the mansion. Its last tenants were 
 Messrs. Marshall & Tempest^ silver-smiths ; the space between the two 
 wings being occupied as a cake and confectionary stand until 1867, when 
 the building was torn down and the present edifice erected on its site. 
 
 We will now take the visitor to the first permanent residence of Penn, and 
 the first brick dwelling erected in the city. Proceeding up Second street to 
 Chestnut street, we pass east on the north side, and arrive at a short thorough- 
 fare consisting of large mercantile dwellings, and named Letitia street — 
 originally called Letitia court, and named after a daughter of Penn. Upon the 
 west side of this street, the visitor will see a low and old-fashioned edifice in 
 marked contrast with its modern and lofty surroundings, this was 
 
 PENN’S FIRST AMERICAN DWELLING. 
 
 It was originally surrounded with large beautiful lawns and out-buildings. 
 It was noted as the residence of General Benedict Arnold, when he became 
 commandant of Philadelphia, and ruled it with his most ostentatious and 
 tyranical sway. It gradually lost its respectable name and dimensions — be- 
 came a sort of a semi-rustic “ public house ” for farmers to stop at when they 
 brought their produce to market. It is now an ordinary tavern and lager-beer 
 house, styled the William Penn Hotel, No. 10 Letitia street. 
 
 “ Sic transit Gloria Mundi.” 
 
 PENN’s .first AMERICAN DWELLING IN 1682. 
 
16 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Over the sign is a portrait of William Penn, on each side of which is the 
 date of its erection — “ 1682.” Many errors have crept into print regarding 
 the orignal Penn Mansion, but this is substantially correct. 
 
 Conducting the visitor through Letitia street to Market street, we pass up 
 to Second street, thence to Church street, and arrive at one of the most cele- 
 brated religious relics of America, viz : 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH. 
 
 This venerated structure was completed in 1753, having been twenty-six 
 years in the course of erection and finish. 
 
 It is erected on the site of the first church built by the followers of Penn, in 
 1695, which, it is said, remained until the new building enclosed it, when the 
 frame building was taken out piecemeal. The lot is 132x133 feet; the main 
 building is of brick, 61x90 feet, with a tower at the west end 28 feet square ; this 
 is built of stone, faced with brick, 4 feet thick, and contains a chime of eight 
 bells, the oldest and best in America ; they were cast in London, England, in 
 1754, by Thomas Lester and Thomas Peck. They rang the peal for Inde- 
 pendence in 1776 with the old State House Bell, and will doubtless ring its 
 Centennial peal in 1876. These chimes are upheld by massive timbers, which 
 
 The steeple is 195 feet 
 in height, and the view ob- 
 tained from the outlook is 
 beautiful enough to repay 
 the visitor for ascending 
 the tortuous stairs. The 
 Delaware, with its steam- 
 ers, ships, ferry and pleas- 
 ure boats, plying up and 
 down the river ; its wharves 
 crowded with vessels of all 
 sizes, from the great ocean 
 steamers of the “Ameri- 
 can Line,” to the diminu- 
 tive yacht; its islands in 
 midstream; the immense 
 Naval Station nt League 
 Island, and the city of 
 Camden on the opposite 
 shore, with Gloucester and 
 the level sands of New 
 Jersey in the distance, is 
 
 are as sound as when put in over a century ago. 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 17 
 
 spread like a panorama for miles ; while inland the eye takes in the greater 
 portion of the city ; to the west is seen the massive tower of the Masonic Temple, 
 and further away, north-west, Girard College stands boldly out; the dome of 
 the Cathedral, and the Moorish dome of the Jewish Synagogue, and scores of 
 church spires ; bits of green, here and there, indicating the public squares or 
 parks, and beyond all, the beautiful Fairmount Park and the open country, 
 is seen. 
 
 Over this sacred pile the Right Rev. Bishop White — the first American 
 Bishop — presided. He was baptized here, and was connected with it sixty- 
 four years. Here Benjamin Franklin was a pewholder from 1730 to 1790; 
 Washington and family were worshippers from 1790 to 1797 ; the pews of both 
 are still preserved. The illustrious La Fayette attended worship here in his 
 first years in America, and also on his return in 1824. Queen Anne pre- 
 sented the Parish with several pieces of the communion plate, also books for 
 the library. The first General Convention met here in 1785, to frame the 
 Constitution of the Church, and again in 1789, when they ratified and estab- 
 lished the Book of Common Prayer, Administration of the Sacrament, etc., 
 and declared it to be the Liturgy of the Church. 
 
 Returning to the historical locality of Fifth and Chestnut streets, we pass down 
 Fifth street to Library street, to 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY, 
 
 Founded by Dr. Franklin, Thos. Cadwallader, and several worthy associates, 
 in the year 1731. It is rendered conspicuous by a statue of its founder in a 
 niche over the entrance, presented by Mr. Bingham, a citizen of great wealth 
 and liberality. The present building contains over 125,000 volumes, all of 
 which are soon to be transferred to a grand and massive structure of light 
 granite, facing the east side of South Broad street, between Christian and 
 Carpenter streets, and embracing nearly the whole of that space. The edifice 
 is in the most striking style of Grecian architecture in beautiful sculpture, and 
 bas-relief, etc., and comes through the will and bequest of the late and emi- 
 nent Dr. Benjamin Rush. It is probably the largest and grandest library 
 building in the United States, having a front facing Broad street of 230 
 feet, and a depth of 405 feet. The central building, with a beautiful wing on 
 the right and left, rests upon a terrace ; the centre or main structure is sup- 
 ported by eight beautiful Doric columns— the wings by four of the same 
 order — all being thirty feet in height ; the entrances and interior are of a mas- 
 sive and classic beauty in keeping with the exterior ; making the edifice 
 
 1 * 
 
18 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 a structure of enduring beauty, as well as usefulness. Visitors received from 
 9 A. M. till 4 P. M. 
 
 To the stranger, coming to Philadelphia from the south, this is the first 
 imposing building that meets his eye on emerging from the Baltimore Depot, 
 at Broad street and Washington avenue. 
 
 Proceeding up Broad street, the longest thoroughfare of any city in 
 the world, at the north-west corner of Broad and Pine streets the visitor 
 meets a spacious and imposing edifice, with a wide portico and pillars, which is 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOB THE DEAF AND DUMB. 
 
 The institution was erected in 1820, the first building was at the corner of 
 Eleventh and Market streets, where the Bingham House now stands. The 
 present structure, excepting the recent building on Pine street, was erected in 
 1825. Deaf mutes, of both sexes, are received here — clothed, fed and educated 
 in such branches and arts, as will enable them to perform the duties of life, 
 and such occupations as enable them to provide for themselves after leaving 
 the institution. 
 
 The cost of the new building and the renovation of the old ones, exclusive 
 of furniture, was $150,000, of which $50,000 has been paid by contributions, 
 and it is expected that the State will appropriate $100,000, as it is virtually a 
 State institutiop. 
 
 Continuing our progress up Broad street, we view the new and sacred edi- 
 fice of composite architecture, constructed of stone of varied shapes and 
 colors, and various and diversified ornamental bearings, the Beth-Eden 
 Church, Broad and Spruce streets. It is under the present pastorate of the 
 able and learned Rev. J. Wheaton Smith. 
 
 HORTICULTURAL HALL, 
 
 BROAD STREET ABOVE SPRUCE STREET, 
 
 Built by the Horticultural Society in 1868, for the exhibition of rare horti- 
 cultural products — which occur twice in the year — and which present the 
 most gorgeous display imaginable. It is likewise used for concerts and other 
 entertainments of a high order 5 the building being furnished with a beautiful 
 stage, an elegant drop-curtain, and scenery of the very first order. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, 
 
 19 
 
 THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 
 
 On the occasion of great exhibitions or entertainments, it is connected by 
 an ornamental bridge with 
 
 THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC, 
 
 Located at the S. W. corner of Broad and Locust streets, or more properly 
 speaking, 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA GRAND OPERA HOUSE; 
 
 being the most elegant, complete and commodious structure of the kind in 
 America or England. Prior to the selection of the plan, all Europe was 
 searched for models, experience and guide. It has 140 feet of front, on Broad 
 street, 240 on Locust street — about 100 feet depth of stage, which is 90 feet in 
 width, and about the same in height — and will conveniently seat three thou- 
 sand persons, all of whom can command a clear and unobstructed view of 
 the stage. The acoustic advantages are considered, by operatic artists and 
 
20 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 critics, to excel those of any similar establishment ; the lobbies, corridors, stair- 
 ways and approaches to the auditorium seats, are of the most substantial and 
 magnificent character •, the dressing-rooms, spacious and liberally furnished 
 and adapted. It was formally opened with a grand ball, January 26, 1857. 
 
 Still proceeding up Broad street, on the left, or west side above W alnut 
 street, we approach an ornamental structure of brick, with brown stone facing, 
 in the French order of construction, and of much political patriotic loyal 
 celebrity — 
 
 THE UNION LEAGUE 
 
 Building or Club-house. This handsome edifice, and its present fraternity of 
 wealth and loyalty, grew out of an organization established in 1862, with a 
 
 view of aiding, in every 
 possible way, the salvation 
 of the Union. A small 
 organization occupied at 
 first a portion of a house 
 on the north side of Chest- 
 nut street, above Eleventh 
 street. It now can boast 
 a league of patriots, num- 
 bering between two and 
 three thousand. From the 
 steps of the present edifice, 
 some of the best states- 
 men of the nation have 
 addressed assembled thou- 
 sands, amid pyrotechnical 
 displays in keeping with 
 the objects of their patri- 
 otic designs. 
 
 THE UNION LEAGUE. 
 
 Directly above the League House, is the old building of 
 
 THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, 
 
 which institution contained the largest collection in the world, of preparations 
 in zoology, entomology, conchology, ornithology, mamology, ethenology, etc.; 
 in fact, of everything embracing the subject of natural science, all of which, 
 with its ponderous library, have been transferred to the new and immense 
 structure at Nineteenth and Race streets. 
 
AXD CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION 
 
 21 
 
 Admittance to the public on Tuesdays and Thursdays, from 2 o’clock P. M., 
 for the very trifling fee of ten cents. 
 
 On the opposite side of the street, we see the beautiful structure, the Pres- 
 byterian Church of the late Dr. Chambers, upon the site of the Vaux Hall 
 Summer Theatre, opened on the 4th of July, 1825. 
 
 A few paces upward, we have a south view of the 
 
 NEW PUBLIC BUILDINGS, 
 
 BROAD AND MARKET STS. 
 
 On this site, sixty years ago, stood the Philadelphia AYaterworks. The 
 enclosure, although a perfect circle, was called Centre Square, and contained 
 a beautiful fountain. After the removal of the AYaterworks, it was used as a 
 public walk and for 4th of July celebrations. It was subsequently divided 
 into four small squares or walks, handsomely laid out and gravelled, and 
 called Penn Square. One hundred and eighty-six years ago, when this City 
 and this Province were a wilderness, AYilliam Penn, then the Proprietor, 
 dedicated this very spot of ground as the suitable site for the Public Buildings 
 of his projected city. On the 5th day of August, 1870, the Legislature of this 
 Commonwealth, by the passage of a law, provided for the erection of the 
 Public Buildings, either on AA^ashington Square, or on Penn Square, as the 
 legally qualified voters of the City of Philadelphia might determine at the 
 
NEW PUBLIC BUILDINGS 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 23 
 
 general election to be held in October, 1870 — the election resulting out of a 
 total of 84,450 votes in a majority of 18,800 in favor of Penn Square. On 
 the IGth day of August, 1871, the ground was broken by John Bice, Esq., 
 then President of the Commission. The first stone of the foundation was laid 
 at 2 o’clock, P. M., on the 12th day of August, A. D. 1873. The contract for 
 the granite basement was awarded November 19, 1872, for $515,000, and 
 work was commenced under contract March 24, 1873. The contract for the 
 marble work of the superstructure was awarded on the 7th of October, 1873, 
 for $5,300,000; and the first block set in the walls July 3, 1874. The 
 corner-stone, a fine block of white marble, weighing about eight tons, 
 with the following inscription — “ Corner Stone of the Public Buildings of the 
 City of Philadelphia, laid July 4th, 1874, in the presence of the Mayor of 
 the city, the Select and Common Councils, heads of Departments, and other 
 distinguished civil, military, and naval officials, and a large concourse of citizens, 
 by Alfred R. Potter, Esq., R. W. Grand Master of Masons of Pennsylvania and 
 Masonic jurisdiction thereunto belonging, assisted by his Grand Officers, and ac- 
 cording to the ancient ceremonies of the craft, orator, Benj amin Harris Brewster,’ ’ 
 etc., was laid with Masonic ceremonies, on Saturday, July 4th, 1874, at twelve 
 o’clock noon, in the presence of a vast assemblage of distinguished citizens 
 and strangers. The building is surrounded by a grand avenue, 135 feet wide 
 on the southern, eastern and western fronts, and 205 feet wide on the northern 
 front. The plan submitted by Mr. John McArthur, Jr., Architect, was 
 adopted. It is essentially modern in its leading features, and presents a rich 
 example of what is known by the generic term of the “Renaissance ” modi- 
 fied and adapted to the varied and extensive requirements of a great American 
 municipality. It is designed in the spirit of French art, admirable in its 
 ornamentation, while the whole effect is one of massive dignity, worthy of us 
 and our posterity. This immense architectural pile covers, exclusive of the 
 court-yard, an area of nearly 4 } acres, and consists of one building, surround- 
 ing an interior court-yard. The north and south fronts measure 470 feet ; the 
 east and west, 4862- l^et in their extreme length. The four fronts are similar 
 in their design. In the centre of each, an entrance pavilion, of 90 feet in 
 width, rises to the height of 185 feet, having receding wings, of 128 feet eleva- 
 tion. The fronts terminate at the four corners with towers or pavilions of 51 
 feet square, and 145 feet high. 
 
 The whole exterior is bold and effective in outline, and rich in detail ; being 
 elaborated with highly ornate columns, pilasters, pediments, cornices, enriched 
 windows, and other appropriate endowments. 
 
 From the north side of this space rises a grand tower, which will gracefully 
 adorn the Public Buildings, and at the same time will be a crowning feature 
 •of the city, as St. Peter’s is of Rome, and St. Paul’s of London. 
 
COURT-YARD, NEW PUBLIC BUILDINGS, 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 25 > 
 
 The tower which is so deeply and strongly founded, is 90 feet square at the 
 base, falling off at each story, until it becomes, at the spring of the dome, an. 
 octagon of 50 feet in diameter. . A statue of the founder of Pennsylvania, 20 
 feet in height, will crown the structure and complete the extraordinary atti- 
 tude of 450 feet, making it the highest tower in the world. The entire struc- 
 ture will contain 520 rooms, giving ample, convenient and stately provision 
 for all the Departments of the city government, including heat, light and 
 ventilation, and the whole is to be absolutely fire-proof and indestructible. 
 The several stories will be reached by four large elevators, placed at the inter- 
 sections of the leading corriders. In addition to these there will be large and 
 convenient stairways, in the four corner buildings, and a grand staircase in 
 each of the centre pavilions on the north, south and east fronts. It is com- 
 puted that the entire cost of the work will be near ten millions of dollars. 
 
 A little further up Broad street, and the eye is arrested by the towering, 
 sublime and solid edifice, the 
 
 NEW MASONIC TEMPLE, 
 
 N. E. CORNER OF BROAD AND FILBERT STREETS. 
 
 On Chestnut street above Seventh, stands what is now known as the old 
 Masonic Temple, and which is the third Masonic structure erected upon that 
 spot — the first was destroyed by fire, the second demolished to give place to 
 the one now standing, which becoming too small for the purposes of tho 
 vastly increasing and powerful fraternity, the still beautiful building was 
 disposed of, and the present grand and gorgeous Temple erected, at a cost of 
 $1,540,000. 
 
 The building is 250 feet long, by 150 feet wide, in style of the Norman school, 
 two stories and entresol, with pinnacles and towers — main tower, 240 feet 
 from the base — foundation 31 feet below the level of the street. 
 
 It is constructed of granite, every massive stone of which was dressed and 
 prepared at the quarry, at Quincy, Mass., in readiness to fit its place ; and like 
 the first Masonic Temple, that of King Solomon, it was “ builded without 
 noise.” 
 
 The corner-stone was laid June 24th, 1868, with appropriate Masonic cere- 
 monies ; and was dedicated to the brethren of the order, September 26th, 
 1873, in the presence of the largest and grandest assemblage of the order 
 ever before collected in the Union. 
 
 The interior has one Main hall, of Doric architecture, sweeping through 
 from end to end, 250 feet long and 20 feet wide •, on either side are the rooms 
 set apart for the officials of the Grand Lodge, fitted up in the most approved 
 manner 5 on this floor, also, is the “Grand Banqueting Hall,” of the com- 
 posite order of architecture, with decorations of flowers, game and fruit ; the 
 
(»I,I) MASOXIC TEMPLE, 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 27 
 
 room is 105 feet long, 52 feet wide, ceiling, 30 feet, with accommodations for 
 seating 500 persons. Upon this floor there is one lodge-room, called the 
 Oriental Hall, from its style of architecture ; it will seat 200 persons ; its 
 decorations and furniture strictly accord with the Oriental style, as do all 
 the decorations and furniture of all parts of the Temple conform to the 
 style of architecture of the rooms in which they are placed. The heating and 
 ventilating apparatus are wonders. The water is supplied from two sources, 
 partly from the city, hut the main supply is from a well beneath the tower, 
 which is forced into four cedar tanks, of four thousand gallons capacity each, 
 placed at different parts of the building. The principal floor is divided into 
 lodge-rooms; that of the Grand Lodge, the largest; it is 105 feet long, 
 51 feet wide, ceiling, 50 feet high ; will seat 800 persons ; it is in pure 
 
 THE NEW MASONIC TEMPLE, 
 
28 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Corinthian style. Grand Chapter Hall is 90 feet long, 50 feet wide and 
 50 feet high, and is in the Italian Renaissance style, and will seat 600 per- 
 sons. The Commandery Rooms are situated in Eastern Entresol, above the 
 principal floor, of Gothic architecture, and will seat 500 persons. 
 
 The suite consists of the Asylum, Council Chamber, Banqueting Hall^ 
 Armory and Regalia Room ; all are grandly magnificent. 
 
 The remaining rooms are the Egyptian, Ionic and Norman Halls, with 
 others ; each a marvel of beauty. 
 
 James H. Windrim, Architect. 
 
 On the S. W. corner of Penn Square, or Merrick and Filbert streets, is 
 
 THE SCHOOL OF DESIGN FOR WOMEN, 
 
 a most worthy and noble institution, established for the education of females^ 
 in all the various branches of art ; including drawing, designing, painting, 
 moulding, etc., thereby opening to the feminine sex a new pathway to self-sup- 
 port, usefulness and fame. 
 
 This institution receives an annual appropriation from the State of $3,000, 
 in return for which it admits ten free pupils, graduates of the High School, 
 for the term of four years. 
 
 Next in order of imposing and elaborate structure, and adjoining the Masonic 
 Temple, is the Arch Street M. E. Church. It is of Gothic architecture, of 
 pure white marble, so entirely white, that it almost pains the sight 5 appear- 
 ing at the first glance, like a lofty pile of glittering and solid snow piled 
 up, and fashioned and cut into architectural shapes. The height of the 
 spire is 233 feet. 
 
 Passing the new and imposing building, the Lutheran Church, on the 
 S. W. corner, the site of the old Arch Street Prison, and the First 
 Baptist Church on the opposite corner, both of grand architectural beauty 
 and elaborate finish, with Gothic sides and towering spires, we meet 
 
 THE ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS, 
 
 BROAD AND CHERRY STREETS. 
 
 This new Temple of Art is a magnificent structure, with its wide galleries, 
 halls and niches, and its immense treasury of paintings, sculpture, models, 
 statues, etc., by the first artists of Europe and America; including the best 
 works by Benjamin AVest, Stuart Nagle, and AYashington Allston, the late 
 Thomas Sully of our city, etc., and the relics, cartes, impressions and 
 fac-similes of Grecian and Roman antiquity. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 29 
 
 THE ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. 
 
 During the occupancy of the old classical hut diminutive structure on 
 Chestnut street below Eleventh street, its annual exhibitions were among the 
 most interesting and attractive in our city to visitors of taste and culture. 
 Unfortunately, the building took fire in 1845, by which many of its rare treas- 
 ures in art were injured or destroyed. Most of these, at very great expense 
 and research have been replaced from other sources, and with the great and 
 splendid additions now on hand, the Academy will form as rich a cabinet of 
 fine arts as any city in the Union. 
 
 The building is fire-proof throughout, and is on a lot 100x260 feet. It cost, 
 exclusive of ground, about $250,000. The architecture is modified Gothic. 
 
 Continuing up Broad street as far as Green, we come to the Boys’ Central High 
 School, on the south-east corner 5 a rather plain brick edifice, surmounted by 
 an observatory, which contains a complete set of meteorological and astro- 
 nomical instruments. On the opposite, or north-east corner, is the North 
 Broad Street Presbyterian Church, built of brown stone in the Norman style 
 of architecture. Adjoining this is the Jewish Synagogue Bodef Shalom. Its 
 Saracenic style of architecture and its elaborate ornamentation, produces a 
 novel contrast with the prevailing styles. A few squares above this point 
 
30 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Broad street is lined on both sides with many very magnificent private resi- 
 dences ; attached to many are beautiful gardens, which for their artistic dis- 
 play of elegant flowers and shrubbery, interspersed with fountains and statuary, 
 are rarely surpassed. This combination of beauty and magnificence makes 
 this avenue the grandest promenade in the city. Especially on the Sabbath is 
 it thronged with crowds of pedestrians, while as a drive it is popular at all 
 seasons, more particularly during winter, after a heavy fall of snow, when the 
 merry ring of the sleigh bells, the joyful shouts of the gay riders, and the 
 fanciful sleighs and robes, make it a scene long to be remembered. 
 
 We will now proceed to Eighteenth above Race streets, where is situated the 
 Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, facing Logan Square. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, 
 
 31 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL OF ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL. 
 
 \ The corner-stone of this magnificent church was laid September 6th, 1846, 
 
 f I and the dedication took place with the most solemn and characteristic cere- 
 al monies, November 20th, 1864, its present pastor, the Right Rev. Bishop Wood, 
 
 I (now Archbishop,) officiating. The architects were Napolean Le Brun and 
 
 ' i 
 
32 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 John Notman, who have succeeded in designing and erecting a place of wor- 
 ship well worthy of their fame. The richness of the interior is fully in keeping 
 with the grandeur of its external effects. It is 136 feet wide by 216 feet long. 
 The exterior diameter of the dome is 71 feet, and its total height 210 feet. The 
 interior of the Cathedral is cruciform, and designed in the most elaborate 
 Corinthian style. Unlike most buildings, there are no side windows, and all 
 the light is introduced from above, which taken in conjunction with the pre- 
 vailing colors of the whole interior, resembling Paris stone, marvelously 
 heightens the architectural effect. The fresco-painting of the Crucifixion, 
 the four figures in chiaroscuro of the four Apostles, the four medallions in the 
 corners of the dome representing the Evangelists, the painting in the crown of 
 the dome of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin into Heaven, and the illus- 
 trations in either transept of the Nativity of our Lord, and the Adoration of 
 the Kings from the East, give a magnificence to the interior of this noble 
 structure which will compare most favorably with the cathedrals of the old 
 world. The facade consists of a portico of four gigantic columns, 60 feet high 
 and 6 feet in diameter, with richly-sculptured bases and capitals, and on the 
 frieze are engraved the words, ^‘Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam.” The structure 
 cost upwards of a million dollars. 
 
 Turning to the south and west a few steps, and we pass 
 
 WILLS’ HOSPITAL FOR DISEASES OF THE EYE, 
 
 ON RACE STREET ABOVE EIGHTEENTH STREET, 
 
 founded by the late James Wills, of this city, who nobly bequeathed over 
 $108,000 for the charitable and noble object mentioned. The buildings are 
 neat, solid and spacious, to which are attached a large space of ground, hand- 
 somely laid out, for the airing of its inmates, looking, as it were, like a neat 
 little park. 
 
 Two days of the week — Wednesday and Saturday — are given to clinic 
 matters ; but out of door patients are received daily for advice and treatment. 
 
 A well supplied dispensary is kept open, and the very numerous applicants 
 receive the best medical treatment from a staff of first-class physicians. 
 
 Proceeding out Race street to Twentieth street, at the north-west corner, the 
 visitor arrives at the 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF 
 THE BLIND, 
 
 a neat and spacious brick edifice, with ample grounds, for the education, in let- 
 ters, arts and music, of those born without or deprived of sight ; in the musical 
 branch of instruction they acquire remarkable proficiency, and weekly concerts, 
 vocal and instrumental, are given to the amusement and surprise of visitors, on 
 Wednesday of each week. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, 
 
 33 
 
 Pedestrlanating up Twentieth street, passing, as you cross the different inter- 
 secting squares, rows of splendid dwellings, including a number of church 
 edifices, you reach, after a few squares, Fairmount avenue; and upon looking 
 west your eyes fall upon the walls, towers and parapets of a vast dark stone , 
 structure, and proceeding a square west you are in front of a penal institution 
 of celebrity, both in Europe and America — 
 
 THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY; 
 situated on the north side of Fairmount avenue, from Corinthian avenue, 
 above Twentieth street, to Twenty-second street. 
 
 The Legislature, by Act of March 20, 1821, authorized the construction of 
 the Eastern Penitentiary on the principle of “ separate and solitary confine- 
 ment at labor.” 
 
 A lot containing 13 acres situate on Cherry Hill, two miles north-west of 
 the State House, was purchased and the corner-stone of the front building laid 
 on the 22d day of May, 1823. 
 
 John Havilaxd, Architect. Jacob Souder, Superintendent of Masonry. 
 
 The site is one of the most elevated, airy and healthy in Philadel- 
 phia. It is one of the most solid, durable and extensive structures in the 
 United States. The material with which the edifice is built, is a greyish 
 granite or gneis, employed in large masses ; every room is vaulted and fire- 
 proof. The design and execution impart a grave, severe and awful character 
 to the external aspect of this building. The effect which it produces on the 
 imagination of every passing spectator, is peculiarly impressive, solemn and 
 instructive. 
 
 THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY 
 
34 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 This Penitentiary is the only edifice in this country which is calculated to 
 convey to our citizens the external appearance of those magnificent and pic- 
 turesque castles of the middle age, which contribute so eminently to embellish 
 the scenery of Europe. < ^ 
 
 The front of this building is composed of large blocks of hewen and squared 
 granite ; the walls are twelve feet thick at the base, and diminish to the top, where 
 they are two and three quarter feet in thickness. A wall of thirty feet in height 
 above the interior platform encloses an arena six hundred and forty feet square ; 
 at each angle of the wall is a tower for the purpose of overlooking the estab- 
 lishment ; three towers, which will be presently described, are situated near 
 the gate of entrance. The facade or principal front, is six hundred and 
 seventy feet in length, and reposes on a terrace, which, from the inequalities 
 of the ground, varies from three to nine feet in height ; the basement or belt- 
 ing course, which is ten feet high, is scarped, or extends uniformly the whole 
 length. The central building is two hundred feet in length, consists of two 
 projecting massive towers fifty feet high, crowned by projecting embattled 
 parapets, supported by pointed arches, resting on corbels or brackets. The 
 pointed munnioned windows in these towers contribute in a high degree to 
 their picturesque effect. The curtain between the towers is forty-one feet high, 
 and is finished with a parapet and embrasures. The pointed windows in it 
 are very lofty and narrow. The great gateway in the centre is a very con- 
 spicuous feature ; it is twenty-seven feet high and fifteen wide, and is filled by 
 a massive wrought iron port cullis and double oaken gates, studded with pro- 
 jecting iron rivets, the whole weighing several tons ; nevertheless they can.be 
 opened with the greatest facility. On each side of this entrance are enormous 
 solid buttresses diminishing in oflfretts, and terminating in pinnacles. A lofty 
 octangular tower, eighty feet high, containing an alarm bell and clock, sur- 
 mounts this entrance, and forms a picturesque proportional centre. On each 
 side of this main building, which contains the apartments of the War- 
 den, Keepers, Domestics, etc., are screen wing walls, which appear to 
 constitute portions of the main edifice ; they are pierced with small blank 
 pointed windows, and are surmounted by a parapet ; at their extremities are 
 high octangular towers terminating in parapets pierced by embrasures. In the 
 centre of the great court-yard is an observatory, whence long corridors, seven 
 in number, radiate. On each side of those corridors, the cells are situated 
 each at right angles to them, and communicating with them only by small 
 openings, for the purpose of supplying the prisoner with food, and inspecting 
 his movements without attracting his attention — other appertures, for the ad- 
 mission of cool or heated air, and for the purpose of ventilation, are provided. 
 The cells are warmed by heated air conducted by flues through the whole 
 range. Light is admitted by a large circular glass in the crown of the arch ; 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 35 
 
 the cells are eleven feet nine inches lonpr, and seven feet six inches wide. At 
 the extremity of the cell, opposite to the appertures for inspection, etc., pre- 
 viously mentioned, is the doorway containing two doors 5 one a lattice work or 
 iron grating to admit the air and secure the prisoner 5 the other composed of 
 planks to exclude the air if required. This door leads to a yard attached to each 
 cell on the ground floor, eighteen feet by eight, the walls of which are eleven 
 and a half feet high. In the second story each prisoner is allowed an addi- 
 tional cell or bed-room. Each cell is furnished with a bed-stead, clothes rail, 
 seat, shelf, tin cup, wash basin, victuals pan, looking glass, combs, scrubbing 
 brush, sweeping brush, straw mattress, one sheet, one blanket and one coverlet. 
 
 Each cell is provided with water by means of a stop-cock. The edifice is 
 calculated to contain about G50 convicts. 
 
 On the arrival of a prisoner, he is divested of his usual garments, his hair is 
 closely trimmed, and he undergoes the process of ablution. He is then clothed 
 in the uniform of the prison, a hood or cap is drawn over his face, and he is 
 conducted to his cell and the bandage removed. An address is then uttered 
 by one of the functionaries of the institution, in which the consequences of his 
 crime are portrayed, the design to be effected by his punishment manifested, 
 and the rules of the prison, as regards the convicts, amply delineated, and he 
 is then locked up and left to the salutary admonition of a reproving conscience, 
 and the reflections which solitude usually produce. In about two weeks they 
 begin to feel all the horrors of solitude unemployed. They reject, from sad ex- 
 perience, the day dreams of the sages, who amidst the very bosom of society 
 have prated about the charms of loneliness. Existence has no charms unless 
 witnessed by, or enjoyed with, our fellow-men. The convicts feel it so. 
 Ennui seizes them, every hour is irksome, and they supplicate for the means 
 of employment with the most abject humility. They consider labor as a 
 favor, not as a punishment, and they receive it as such. 
 
 Every convict is obliged to keep his cell perfectly clean, and great attention is 
 paid to the cleanliness of their clothing and persons. Besides the habitual 
 furniture of the cells, they receive a towel, razor and shaving apparatus. 
 
 The dress of the convicts is, for winter, one roundabout, one vest, and one 
 pair of pantaloons, made of cassinett, or sometimes very thick cotton round- 
 abouts, lined all through, two pair of wool stockings, a pair of stout shoes, 
 a muslin shirt, and a hat or cap. If the physician advises it, a flannel shirt is 
 used instead of muslin. The shirts are changed once a week, and their stock- 
 ings every two weeks. 
 
 In summer they receive cotton pantaloons and vest, and two clean shirts 
 per week. 
 
 No special uniform is adhered to, but such colors and qualities of cloth used, 
 as is deemed most suitable and ‘convenient. 
 
36 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 The food of the convicts consists for breakfast, one pint of coffee or cocoa 5 
 dinner — | of a pound of beef without bone, or J pound of pork, one pint of soup, 
 and as many potatoes as the prisoner wishes — occasionally boiled rice instead of 
 potatoes ; supper — as much Indian mush as they please to take, one half gallon of 
 molasses per month, salt whenever asked for, and vinegar as a favor, occasion- 
 ally. Turnips and cabbage in the form of crout is sometimes distributed. The 
 daily allowance of bread is one pound of wheat or rye. 
 
 The occupations pursued by the convicts are, shoemaking, spinning, weav- 
 ing, dying, dressing yarn, blacksmithing, carpentering, sewing, wheelwright, 
 washing, turning, fireman, shuttle-making, last-making, brush-making, tin 
 working, cook, and attendant on the physician. During winter, they work 
 till 8 o’clock at night, from that hour till nine they read, make their beds, etc., 
 when the bell gives notice to retire. A watchman with a dead lantern walks 
 the corridors all night ; at daybreak a bell rings, summoning the inmates to 
 rise and labor. If any are found in loed after the bell rings, their breakfast is 
 stopped. 
 
 There is an admirable arrangement in this prison— no man is known by his own 
 proper or baptismal name. On his reception, he receives his number ; for instance. 
 No. 20, No. 200, etc., which is marked over his cell door, and on his clothes. 
 
 They are allowed to walk an hour each day in their yards, except Sundays. 
 At this time a watchman is stationed on the top of the centre house, or watch- 
 tower, from which he has a full view of the cell yards, and, if a prisoner 
 attempts to climb his yard wall, or to throw anything over into his fellow-convict’s 
 yard, he is detected and punished. In order to prevent communication, the 
 prisoners are not all let out of a block at the same time. The cells are lettered 
 in alphabetical order. The first hour is commenced with A. Let out A, pass 
 B. Let out C, and pass D, and so on till the prisoners alternately are let out. 
 When they have had their hour of exercise, A is locked up ; B let out ; C 
 locked up ; D let out 5 and so on to the end of the block. By this arrange- 
 ment, if a prisoner throws any note, or other communication into an adjoining 
 cell, the keepers, in going through the yard to unlock him, will discover it, if 
 it has escaped the observation of the watchman, and the offender is punished. 
 
 A resident physician, with the best quality of medicines, is always within 
 call ; and besides, a chaplain, a teacher and a moral instructor, pays them 
 regular visits for their instruction and reformation. There were confined 
 within the Penitentiary about the end of the year 1875, over 700 prisoners. 
 It is worthy of note, that from the admission of the first prisoner, in 1829, 
 until the present period — an interval of 47 years — but four wardens presided 
 over the institution, viz. : Samuel 11. Wood, D. Scattergood, John T. Holloway, 
 and the present and most intelligent, devoted and efficient governor. Dr. 
 Townsend. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 37 
 
 The Penitentiary has been visited and examined by some of the most dis- 
 tinguished in this country, as well as in Europe •, Mr. Crawford, of the 
 British Prison Society, and an Ambassador from Alexandria, Egypt. In June, 
 1833, it was visited by President Andrew Jackson, Black Hawk and his son *, 
 subsequently, by the late Charles Dickens, the great novelist, on his first trip 
 to the United States. From the lofty turret over the gateway the visitor can 
 obtain an unequaled view of the city and environs ; it being, perhaps, the 
 highest point attainable in the city. 
 
 Progressing from the Penitentiary up Twenty-second street, and near Pop- 
 lar street, another penal institution presents itself — 
 
 THE HOUSE OF BEFUGE. 
 
 This institution was incorporated in 1826, as a receptacle of confinement, 
 education and reform for refractory and predatory minors of both sexes, who 
 are supposed to be of too tender age to be sent to a prison. The first building 
 erected for this purpose was on Fairmount avenue (then Coates street,) above 
 Ridge avenue. The present structure is far more commodious in buildings 
 and grounds. The inmates are all well fed and clothed, and are taught to 
 work ; shown the necessity of reform, religion and industry ; and at the expi- 
 ration-of their penal term of service, they are returned to their parents or 
 guardians ; and should they have neither, they are put out to some useful 
 trade or occupation. 
 
 Now passing down Poplar street to Corinthian avenue, thence up to 
 Girard avenue, we come in front of what is esteemed one of the most beauti- 
 ful structures in the world — 
 
 THE GIRARD COLLEGE. 
 
 Stephen Girard, the founder of this world-renowned charity, was a native of 
 Bordeaux, in France. He immigrated to this city when a youth, and from 
 the humble calling — -junk dealer, ’tis said — he became a merchant ; built vessels ; 
 opened a trade with nearly all parts of the world; grew to be a mil- 
 lionaire; indeed, the wealthiest man in the United States. He was bold in 
 enterprise, honest in dealing, and heroic and sympathetic amid the ravages 
 . of plague or public calamity. Our city’s greatest benefactor died in 1831, 
 and bequeathed the greater portion of his wealth (two million dollars,) for 
 the erection and maintenance of this stupendous charity — a free home and 
 college for orphan boys of Philadelphia. 
 
 In his will, Girard decreed that the orphans admitted, should be fed with 
 plain, but wholesome food, and clothed with plain decent apparel ; instructed 
 
38 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE GIRARD COLLEGE. 
 
 in the various branches of a sound education ; comprising, writing, reading, 
 grammar, arithmetic, geography, navigation, practical mathematics, survey- 
 ing, astronomy, chemical and experimental philosophy, the Spanish and 
 French languages, and such other learning as the capacities of the scholar 
 may warrant. 
 
 One great peculiarity of Mr. Girard’s will is, that “no ecclesiastic mission- 
 ary, or minister of any sect whatsoever, shall ever be admitted, for any purpose, or 
 as a visitor, within the premises appropriated to the purposes of the said col- 
 lege.” Girard, in making this restriction, did not mean to cast reflection upon 
 any sect •, but there being such a number of sects, and such a diversity of 
 opinion, he desired to keep the tender minds of the orphans free from the ex- 
 citement which sectarian controversy is so apt to produce. 
 
 The space upon which the buildings are erected covers about 40 acres, en- 
 closed by a huge wall of capped stone. The principal structure within the college 
 property represents a Grecian temple of white marble, supported by thirty-six 
 marble columns, and is one of the most beautiful structures of the present day. 
 It is located upon one of the liighest points of ground in Philadelphia, east 
 of the Schuylkill ; and from its grand roof, built of marble, and rising step by 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 39 
 
 soldiers’ monument. 
 North of this point, and in close 
 
 step from eaves to ridge, a most 
 commanding view of the city is ob- 
 tained. 
 
 A detailed description conveys to 
 the reader but a faint conception 
 of its solid and chaste grandeur. The 
 intelligent guide at the college will 
 give the visitor a thorough view and 
 description of all its “beauties and 
 blessings.” From a recent report of 
 President Allen, the college con- 
 tained 540 inmates. 
 
 On the grounds, in 1869, was 
 erected the monument — of which we 
 give an illustration — to commemo- 
 rate the graduates of the college who 
 fell in our late war. 
 lity, is the 
 
 WOMAN’S MEDICAL COLLEGE, 
 
 a most worthy institution, which has already given to the honored medical 
 service a number of able graduates. 
 
 We now take Girard avenue cars down to Second street, taking in on our 
 way the largest market in the world — 
 
 THE GIKABD AVENUE MARKET, 
 
 which extends from Twelfth street to Fourth street, a distance of more than a 
 mile, and as full of flesh, flsh, fowl and vegetables as it is long. 
 
 Visitors can reach this point from below by the Third street cars. From 
 this point, on foot, or by cars (Third street,) he can reach one of the most 
 memorable relics of the city and its founder — 
 
 THE PENN TREATY MONUMENT, 
 
 at the corner of Beach and Hanover streets. On this spot, under the shelter- 
 ing arms of the “ Old Elm Tree,” William Penn made and ratified his famous 
 treaty with the Indians, and with them smoked the calumet of peace ; of which 
 lasting treaty, the sarcastic French poet and philosopher, Voltaire, said, “the 
 only treaty not ratified by an oath ; and the only treaty that was never 
 broken.” The sacred and sturdy old elm was blown down in 1809, and a 
 small obelisk now marks the spot. 
 
40 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 This stone stands in the shade of an elm-tree, which possibly may be a 
 lineal descendant of the one whose site it shades. 
 
 The diminutive obelisk, on a granite pedestal,^ is thus inscribed : 
 
 Treaty Ground 
 of 
 
 William Penn 
 and the 
 Indian Nation. 
 
 1 6 8 2 . 
 
 Unbroken faith. 
 
 William Penn, 
 Born 1644. 
 
 Died 1718. 
 
 Placed by the 
 Penn Society, 
 A.D. 1827, 
 
 To mark the Site 
 of the 
 
 Great Elm Tree. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Founded 
 
 1681, 
 
 By deeds of Peace. 
 
 Taking from the treaty ground any car going upwards, and you reach 
 PORT RICHMOND, 
 
 with its river front, the greatest coal shipping locality in America, if not in 
 the world. The length of the twenty odd piers, for the shipping of coal, 
 brought from the Pennsylvania mines by railroad, is almost five miles ; and 
 nearly 200,C)00 tons of the “black diamonds ” are shipped in one week, by the 
 avalanche of piers, into the holds of the awaiting vessels. 
 
 Taking the up cars for Frankford, and at your request, the conductor will 
 land you within a few steps of 
 
 THE FRANKFORD ARSENAL, 
 
 fiimous for its war supplies; and, as the resting-place, for the night, of 
 General La Fayette, September 28th, 1824, previous to his entrance into the city. 
 
 OUR RIVER FROM THE CITY. 
 
 When Penn, our city's founder, wrote home to his friends, this sentence — 
 “ The Delaware is a glorious river!” — he expressed a truth which is manifest 
 until the hour of our writing. Whilst gazing upon its strong, broad and rolling 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 41 
 
 tide, bearing its great stores of finny wealth in its bosom, the treasure of 
 the world upon its breast, and the myriads of crafts plying up and down be- 
 fore us, let us go back, almost a century, to 1788, when John Fitch, of 
 Philadelphia, launched the first steamboat ever known. 
 
 THE FIRST STEAMBOAT IX THE WORLD. 
 
 The first application of steam to navigation, that showed any evidence of 
 success, was made by the boat, of which the above is a correct illustration. It 
 was 60 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 4 feet deep, and was worked by paddles. 
 The trial trip, at which the Governor and many distinguished men were 
 present, was made over a mile course in front of W ater street. Although the 
 experiment was considered successful, the project was abandoned, and it was 
 left to Robert F ulton to practically demonstrate the theories of steam navi- 
 gation. 
 
 In the Federal Gazette and Philadelphia Advertiser, of that period^ 
 appears the following, and the first steamboat advertisement of the inventor, 
 John Fitch : 
 
 “THE STEAMBOAT” 
 
 “ Sets out to-morrow morning at ten o’clock, from Arch street ferry, in order 
 to take passengers for Burlington, Bristol, Bordentown and Trenton, and 
 return next day.” 
 
 Philadelphia, July 26, 1790. 
 
 Eighty-six years ago, that primitive steamer is advertised for the same trip, 
 and from the same wharf, where the large and elegant steamer, Edwin Forrest, 
 now leaves on her daily excursions. 
 
42 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 We now have steamers and Sailing crafts of all dimensions and from all parts 
 — foreign and inland — crowding our water’s thoroughfare for miles ; and we 
 boast the only line of steamers for foreign ports that floats Columbia’s Stars, 
 which for speed and safety have not been surpassed. 
 
 To the acquatic excursionist, Philadelphia afibrds most inviting scenery and 
 facilities. From the foot of Chestnut street, the elegant and commodious 
 steamers, the “John A. Warner” and the “Twilight,” leave twice a day for 
 Burlington and Bristol ; two salubrious and well-built rural cities, situated 
 eighteen miles up the Delaware. 
 
 The steamers stop on their trips at a number of beautiful villages upon the 
 Pennsylvania and Jersey shores ; the excursionist, at first, having an excel- 
 lent view of the northern front of the city, passing the vast coal piers at 
 Bichmond ; the great ship yards ; the United States Arsenal, at Bridesburg, 
 distinguished by the national flag waving over it ; the House of Correction •, the 
 villages of Tacony, Riverton, Torresdale, Andalusia and Beverly 5 the sites 
 of elegant academies, boarding-schools, etc. ; the entire shores lined on both 
 sides with luxuriant lawns and picturesque villas, forming, as they 2 :)resent 
 themselves, a charming and diversified panoramic picture. Burlington was 
 the site first thought of for a city by Penn, and wms formerly a Quaker settle- 
 ment. It is the birth-place of the Decaturs, of naval celebrity, and other 
 eminent public worthies. 
 
 Crossing the beautiful and silvery bay, we touch Bristol, and visit its rich 
 gardens, farms and romantic environs. 
 
 By the steamer Edwin Forrest, passengers reach the city of Trenton, the 
 capital of New Jersey, the head of tide-water, and the scene of the great cross- 
 ing of the Delaware by General Washington and his troops, on Christmas 
 Eve, 1776. On this trip, the visitor should visit Bordentown, six miles above 
 Bristol, on a high and airy blufi* on the Jersey shore. 
 
 It was here, that the gallant Commodore Charles Stewart, of the old Iron- 
 •SiDES, resided for many years, on what he was proud to name, “ the site of 
 health and well might the hero have called it so, for he lived there till he 
 attained the advanced age of 92 years. 
 
 Bordentown is rendered somewhat noted from its having l;)een the residence 
 of Joseph Bonaparte, (Count de Survilliers,) the ex-King of Spain. Having 
 been created king liy his elder brother, Napoleon the Great, he was three times 
 driven from his capital at Madrid, and in 1815, was glad to leave his tottering 
 throne for a peaceful home on the banks of the quiet Delaware. The writer, 
 when a child, remembers well his dignified and graceful walk, and his bland- 
 ness of manner. 
 
 He adopted the name of Count de Survilliers, but when he chanced to bead- 
 dressed as Mr. Bonaparte, he would usually repeat its Corsican pronunciation — 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 43 
 
 Bawn-a-par-tee. The Count de Survilliers had a grand and extensive seat and 
 ornamented grounds, and at times entertained many European celebrities. 
 Portions of the principal dwelling, and some of the grounds, can still be seen 
 north of the principal thoroughfare by the visitor. On the accession of Louis 
 Phillippe in 1831, Joseph Bonaparte returned to Europe, where he died in 1844. 
 ]Mr. Thomas A. Cooper — the great tragedian of the day — then resided at 
 Bristol, where the king of the mimic world endeavored to rival the ex-King 
 of Spain, in the extent of his gardens, walks, statuary, etc. 
 
 For excursions on the Delaware, on the south of the city, we have a number of 
 steamers plying" to points of interest — the battle-ground of Bed Bank, fought in 
 October, 1777— some of the earth-works and other relics being still visible *, the city 
 of Chester, now celebrated for its ship-yards *, Wilmington, in the State of Dela- 
 ware ; Bombay Hook, etc., making a run altogether of 70 miles. Opposite the city, 
 we have the little fairy steamer, John Smith, for Smith’s Island, with its 
 baths, breezes and pastimes, all for the sum of ten cents. From South street, 
 we have steamers for Kaighn’s Point, New Jersey, every 20 minutes; and 
 Gloucester, a few miles down on the Jersey shore, with its excellent bathing, 
 boating' and romantic walks; and for a visit or a trip to the ocean, we 
 no longer are obliged to “go down to the sea in ships,” for by taking 
 the Camden and Atlantic line, at the foot of Vine street, for Atlantic City ; or 
 Cape May line, at the foot of Market street, for Cape May, a distance of only 60 
 and 100 miles, we can muse on the waving ocean in its cooling spray within from 
 two to three hours. Indeed, so complete are the arrangements, and so rapid thp 
 transit, that to the residents or visitors of our city, the sea-shores at Atlantic 
 City, Cape May, etc., appear almost like a part of our metropolis. 
 
 THE NEW POST OFFICE. 
 
 This new, elegant and vast edifice, now in the course of erection, is to occupy 
 the entire front on the west side of Ninth’ street, from Chestnut to Mar- 
 ket streets, and is to face almost one-half of the square on Chestnut and 
 Market streets, and is to have an extensive passage for mail-wagons, from 
 Tenth street, entering into a vast court-yard, provided with spacious and un- 
 interrupted facilities for despatching and receiving the mails. 
 
 As much as the present Post Office edifice was a necessity, the new great 
 structure is even more so ; as the daily increasing rush of mail matter, to and 
 from all parts, calls in all of the admirable energies and ability of our Post- 
 master, Fairman, to keep up anything like space equal to the demands. The 
 fine illustration, on the succeeding page, was copied by the kind permission of 
 George "W. Fairman, Esq., the disbursing agent. The probable cost of the 
 building is six millions of dollars. 
 
 There is one point of history connected with the site of this important edi- 
 fice, which, it is believed, is not generally known, to wit : this is the identical 
 
NEW POST OFFICE 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 45 
 
 spot, according to the authority of Professor Frazer, where Dr. Franklin 
 first raised his kite for that vital experiment to the world — to draw down 
 the lightning ! The very locality, where, in the language of the poet, Camp- 
 bell— 
 
 “ Franklin grasped the lightning’s fiery wing 
 
 and it may be cited, as a striking coincidence, that our Post Ofiice and first 
 Postal Telegraph Office, should be built upon the spot, where our first Post- 
 master drew from the clouds that electric spark, which can verify the 
 Scripture, and “ send lightnings that they may go, and say unto Thee, ^ Here 
 we are !’ ” — Job. xxxviii. 35. 
 
 Directly in the rear of these grounds, and at the north-west terminus of 
 Chant street, stands the remains of a building once devoted to anatomical 
 science 5 wherein, over half a century ago. Dr. John D. Godman, a famed 
 teacher of anatomy, natural science, and author, had his anatomical theatre, 
 with its steep and deep rows of circular seats and dissecting rooms. After the 
 decease of Dr. Godman — who died a martyr to science and research — the theatre 
 was in 1832 refitted and occupied by Dr. Joseph Pancoast, now the celebrated 
 professor, physician, etc., then a young man — very young for a lecturer — but 
 who had previously made his mark as a translator of Lobstein, on the sympa- 
 thetic nerve, which was published with many large and beautifully colored 
 illustrations. 
 
 UNITED STATES MINT, 
 
 NORTH SIDE OF CHESTNUT STREET, ABOVE THIRTEENTH STREET, 
 
 first established by the Government in 1792. The original building used was 
 on the N. E. corner Seventh and Commerce streets. 
 
 The present beautiful edifice, which is of pure Ionic architecture, was com- 
 pleted in 1833. It is not only the “ great money-coining establishment,” but 
 it is likewise a vast chemical laboratory, in which all the various scientific pro- 
 cesses for taking metals in their native ores, divesting them of their earthy 
 compounds and impurities, assaying, purifying, etc., are performed, and 
 finally cast into coin, by the most perfect apparatus and completest machinery 
 in the world. The Mint also contains a museum or cabinet of coins, embrac- 
 ing the coined “ legal tenders,” from the earliest ages up to the present 
 period. 
 
 Visitors admitted daily, from 9 A. M. to 12 M., are merely required to place 
 their names within a book, kept for the purpose, and are escorted through the 
 different apartments of interest in the establishment, viewing all its various 
 operations, which are clearly and cordially explained. 
 
46 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 U. S. MINT. 
 
 THE GKAVE OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. 
 
 S. E. CORNER OF ARCH AND FIFTH STREETS. 
 
 Here rests the patriot, the statesman, the philosopher, the printer*, and all 
 who reverence the relics of the great and the good, can view the resting-place 
 of that self-educated, and as an eminent foreign writer said — 
 
 “The universal man,”— 
 
 on the Arch street side of the Christ Church hurying-ground. Through an 
 open space in the wall, in which is fitted an iron railing, can be seen the simple 
 “ marble slab ” requested in his will, and thus engraved : 
 
AXD CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 47 
 
 franklin’s grave. 
 
 Benjamin ) 
 
 and V FRANKLIN. 
 
 Deborah ] 
 
 1790. 
 
 The aperture in the wall, which 
 affords the visitor a view of the 
 grave, was not made until 1858. 
 When La Fayette entered the 
 city in 1824, as the barouche 
 arrived at this point, the vener- 
 able Judge Peters, who sat be- 
 side him, pointed out the spot, 
 at which the General and his 
 son, Mr. George Washington La 
 Fayette, both arose and stood 
 
 with uncovered heads. 
 
 Immediately opposite the grave-yard, at the S. W. corner of Fifth and 
 Arch streets, stands a noble, though small structure — 
 
 THE APPRENTICES’ LIBRARY, 
 
 which was founded in the year 1820, for the free use of apprentices, and of 
 other young people of respectability, male and female, who have not the means 
 to obtain useful and instructive reading. A recommendation from one of the 
 directors enables the applicant to take home for the week, or longer, such 
 works as are kept in the library. 
 
 THE HOUSE WHEREIN THOMAS JEFFERSON WROTE THE 
 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 
 
 ON S. W. CORNER OF SEVENTH AND MARKET STREETS. 
 
 Mr. Watson, in his Annals of Philadelphia, says— some have said it was at 
 Jefferson’s chamber, in the Indian Queen Hotel, but Mrs. Clymer, with 
 whom Mr. Jefferson boarded, at the S. W. corner of Seventh and High 
 streets (Market street,) said it was there, and to settle the point. Dr. Mease 
 wrote to Mr. Jefferson, and had it confirmed. Mr. Win. Hicks, who 
 occupied that building thirty years ago, entered into a public discussion 
 and made an investigation of the matter, and the result was as above. 
 Mr. Hicks, likewise found packed away in the building, many papers and 
 revolutionary relics. 
 
 Following these points of revolutionary interest, the visitor has but to pro- 
 ceed one square east of the Declaration House on the same side of Market 
 street, and upon reaching the S. E. cornev of Sixth and Market streets, he 
 
48 
 
 GUIDE OE PHILADELPHIA 
 
 is ap^ain on hallowed ground ; for upon the corner named, stood the mansion of 
 Pvohert Morris, the great Kevolutionary financier, and immediately next to it, 
 on the east, stood the modest brick dwelling of W ashington — which remained 
 standing until the year 1839. 
 
 PvESIDENCE OF PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON AND 
 FAMILY IN 1790, 
 
 -ON MARKET STREET, SOUTH SIDE, A FEW YARDS BELOW SIXTH STREET. 
 
 Washington’s house. 
 
 This edifice was erected before the commencement of the revolutionary 
 oontcst for an opulent memljer of the Society of Friends, and was finished 
 inside with all the ornamental carvings peculiar to the times. The State of 
 Pennsylvania and the city authorities of Philadelphia, when Washington 
 selected it for his Presidential mansion, proposed to pay the rent of the dwell- 
 ing, which Washington very blandly, but firmly, refused; and finally the 
 yearly rental was fixed at three thousand dollars. The President caused 
 many alterations to be made for the accommodations of his family and his many 
 numerous guests, and occupied it during his Presidential term, after which, 
 the building underwent many changes, and the last remains were taken down 
 in 1839. 
 
 Among the indignant spectators, on the day of its demolition, was Mr. 
 Darly, an old and favorite actor of the old Chestnut Street Theatre Company, 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 49 
 
 and a hic^hly esteemed citizen. He delighted to recall his proud recollections 
 of Washington, and his mild, yet stately manner, as he walked from his man- 
 sion to the Post Office, then in a building on the east side of Water street, 
 below Market street. 
 
 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, 
 
 SEVENTH STREET, BETWEEN MARKET AND CHESTNUT STREETS, 
 
 one of the most valuable institutions for inculcating scientific knowledge ex- 
 tant. It was incorporated in the year 1824, for the advancement of practi- 
 cal science, manufactures and the useful arts. Courses of lectures are given 
 every season by two professors, with experimental apparatus, on the first floor ; 
 the second floor containing an extensive library and reading-room, which is 
 supplied with all the scientific periodicals of the times and works extant. The 
 Institute has given a num,ber of exhibitions in mechanical productions, 
 machinery, handicrafts, etc., with great success ; the last one, which occurred 
 about two years since, is said to have exceeded anything of the kind hereto- 
 fore seen in this country. 
 
 ATHEN^UM OF PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 SIXTH STREET, BELOW WALNUT STREET, OPPOSITE WASHINGTON SQUARE. 
 
 The Philadelphia Athenaeum was first opened by subscription, through a 
 body of the leading and scientific gentlemen of the city in 1814, in the second 
 floor of the building, rear of the Mayor’s office, S. W. corner of Fifth and 
 Chestnut streets, and next to the American Philosophical Society. It was 
 removed to the present edifice erected by the Association in 1847. The wide and 
 lengthy reading-rooms containing the extensive library of rare and valuable 
 books and bound-up files of newspapers, for almost a century, are situated 
 on the second floor, looking out upon the beautiful square in front and a 
 delightful garden on Adelphia street. Besides its vast library, it contains a 
 number of relics and curiosities ; among which is a clock of primitive structure, 
 being above 15 feet in height, and about a century and a quarter old. Cer- 
 tainly a venerable specimen of Old Time. 
 
 The rooms are open from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M. Persons who are not mem- 
 bers or stockholders, can be admitted to the rooms on being recommended by 
 a stockholder. Strangers in the city, will receive all instructions on this point, 
 of the courteous and intelligent Librarian, Mr. Lewis. 
 
 On the south side of Locust street, at Seventh street, and overlooking the 
 Washington Square, stands the First Presbyterian Church*, and on Walnut 
 street, directly opposite, just above the north-west corner of Swanwick street, 
 in the rear of a small archway, fronted on both sides by law offices, stands a 
 small old-fashioned building, said to have been one of the first — if not the first 
 — free school in the city. 
 
 3 * 
 
50 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE. 
 
 JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE. 
 
 TENTH STREET, ABOVE WALNUT STREET. 
 
 Although a young institution^ 
 when compared with the early 
 medical associations, it has risen 
 rapidly, yet solidly, to celebrity, 
 influence and usefulness, almost 
 “overtopping its seniors.” 
 
 It was chartered in 1826, as a 
 part of the Jefierson College, of 
 Cannonsburg, in this State, and be- 
 came a separate and independent 
 institution, by an Act of the Legis- 
 lature, in 1838; its founders be- 
 ing the eminent Professor George McClellan and the late Dr. Jesse 
 R. Burden. Dr. Burden was, at the time of his decease, the President of the 
 College, and his son-in-law, George W. Fairman, our Postmaster, was, and is, 
 we believe, the Secretary. Dr. McClellan has the honor of having originated 
 many facilities for the advantage of students in their studies, including those 
 of clinical or dispensary and practical instruction. 
 
 Its first courses were given in the old Tivoli or City Theatre, in Prune 
 street (now Locust,) below Sixth street, which venerable old brick, having 
 been a temple of Thespis and of Esculapius, still retains its form and shape, 
 and is now used by a turner of chair frames, and as a mineral water labora- 
 tory. But to go baek to the medical pride of our city — “the Jefferson College 
 chairs” have been, and are, occupied by a faculty of teachers, embracing 
 many of the first names known to medical science, which attract a high 
 average of students from all parts of the civilized world. 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, 
 
 145 NORTH TENTH STREET, 
 
 was incorporated in 1822, “ for the purpose of cultivating, improving and 
 making known a knowledge of Pharmacy, its collateral branches of science, 
 the best modes of preparing medicines and their compounds, and of giving 
 instruction in the same by public lectures.” 
 
 The college, half a century ago, occupied with its library and laboratory, 
 the first floor of the hall of the German Society, on Seventh street above 
 Chestnut street, the present site of the Gas Office. From thence it was removed to a 
 new building erected by the Institution on Zane street (now Filbert street,) above 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 51 
 
 Seventh street. The present structure on Tenth street above Arch street, is 
 more easy of access, commodious and complete in all its essentials, library, 
 apparatus and specimens for the branches taught, especially those of 
 chemistry, materia mcdica and practical pharmacy. Two lectures in each 
 branch are delivered every week, making a full course of five months. Two 
 full courses of lectures, with three years practical service and training in 
 a regular pharmaceutical establishment, with an original thesis, are required 
 of a candidate for graduation. 
 
 The college also publishes a valuable monthly journal, which must have 
 reached some forty odd volumes, and which has at present an extensive circu- 
 lation throughout the Union and also in Europe. 
 
 THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 N. E. COR. OF THIRTEENTH AND LOCUST STREETS, 
 
 y 
 
 was incorporated in 1789. It is an association of physicians for the advance- 
 ment of the science of medicine, holding stated meetings twice a month, one 
 of which is devoted exclusively to scientific discussions. 
 
 The present building, completed in 1863, contains the very valuable library 
 and museum of the college. The former, greatly enhanced by the donations 
 of Dr. Samuel Lewis, and by a bequest of the collection of the books of the 
 late Mr. George Ord, which consists of about 15,500 volumes. The latter contains 
 as its nucleus the museum of the late Dr. T. D. Mutter, who bequeathed a sum 
 of money for the endowment of an annual course of lectures on subjects re- 
 lating to surgical pathology. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. 
 
 FROM EIGHTH TO NINTH AND SPRUCE TO PINE STREETS. 
 
 The first proposal for a public hospital in Philadelphia was made about the 
 year 17'50, by Dr. Thomas Bond. He, in common with several citizens, peti- 
 tioned the House of Assembly, January 23d, 1750, stating the want of such an 
 institution. The Assembly, in consequence, passed an act granting the sum 
 of two thousand pounds, to be paid as soon as a like sum should be raised by 
 subscriptions or contributions. In a short time, an amount was collected, 
 considerable in advance of the sum required by the act, and on the first of 
 May, 1751, a number of the contributors met at the State House and choose 
 by ballot a board of managers. One of those elected was Benjamin Franklin, 
 who acted for some years as clerk to the board. 
 
 The foundation stone of the first part of the present building was laid on the 
 28th of May, 1755, and bears the following inscription, written by Dr. 
 Franklin: 
 
52 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 In the Year of Christ 
 MDCCLY 
 
 George the Second happily reigning 
 (For he Sought the happiness of his People,) 
 Philadelphia Flourishing, 
 
 (For its inhabitants were public spirited) 
 This Building, 
 
 By the bounty of the Government, 
 
 And of many private persons. 
 
 Was piously founded 
 For the Relief of the Sick and Miserable •, 
 May the God of Mercies 
 Bless the undertaking. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 53 
 
 This venerable institution, with its yards and gardens, occupies a square of 
 ground, containing four acres, in one of the handsomest sections of the' city. 
 The building contains a commodious double amphitheatre for surgical opera- 
 tions and lectures. Clinics are held twice a week, Wednesdays and Saturdays, 
 and are largely attended by the classes of our medical colleges. The admission 
 ticket is free. A handsome library is attached to the Hospital, containing 
 upwards of fourteen thousand volumes. It is accessible to students attending 
 the practice of the house, after the clinical lectures, as well as to all others 
 who may have paid twenty-five dollars for this right for life. The beautiful 
 lawn in front of the centre building, facing upon Pine street, is ornamented 
 with a bronze leaden statue of William Penn, presented by Mr. John Penn, 
 of London, in 1801. 
 
 Nearly one hundred thousand patients have been admitted into this institu- 
 tion since its establishment. It is governed by a board of managers, elected 
 annually by the contributors, who, in their turn, elect the medical stafi*. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 
 
 BETWEEN THE WEST CHESTER AND HAVERFORD ROADS, WEST OF FORTY-THIRD 
 STREET, WEST PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 The first provision for the care and treatment of the insane in America was 
 made in the Pennsylvania Hospital in 1751, a section of that building being 
 always appropriated to this object until 1841, when the insane patients were 
 removed to a separate establishment. There are two departments in the in- 
 stitution, the male and female, in separate buildings, both under one physi- 
 cian-in-chief, Dr. Kirkbride, with assistant physicians, steward and matron for 
 each department. 
 
 A visit to the Hospital for the Insane will amply repay any one who loves 
 the beauties of nature, or the still greater beauties of beneficence in orderly, 
 efl&cient and extensive arrangements. Around the house are pleasure-grounds, 
 of finely diversified surface, adorned with flowers, shrubbery and trees, and 
 from various points commanding beautiful rural views. Neat isolated build- 
 ings are seen here and there, intended for the amusement or employment of 
 the inmates. The main edifices are imposing by their magnitude, striking in 
 their architectural character, and arranged internally with every attention to 
 healthfulness and -comfort. 
 
 All classes of insane persons, without regard to the duration of the disease 
 or its curability, are admitted into this institution. Idiots are not received, 
 and special arrangements must be made for the epileptic. 
 
 This institution, it is well to remark, has connected with it 111 acres of 
 land, used as gardens and pleasure-grounds for the patients. 
 
54 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 PHILADELPHIA HOSPITAL, 
 
 (bLOCKLEY ALMS-nOUSE,) 
 
 is situated in West Philadelphia, entrance on the Darby road. This institu- 
 tion is very extensive and complete, and occupies a commanding position. It 
 consists of four buildings, each five hundred feet long, and three stories 
 high, including the basement. The eastern or principal front is orna- 
 mented with a fine portico of six columns of the Tuscan order. On the south 
 front is a large and well- cultivated garden. A farm of 130 acres is also 
 attached to the property, and is cultivated by the inmates. The four buildings 
 inclose a rectangular yard, used and occupied for the general purposes of the 
 institution. The population of the Alms-House averages about 2,500, and as a 
 large proportion are inmates of the hospital, the clinical advantages presented 
 are very great. 
 
 The Institution also contains an Insane Department, the number of whose 
 inmates is about six hundred. A successful attempt has been made lately to 
 find employment for these unfortunates. A large number of the females are 
 engaged in plain sewing, binding shoes, etc. ; while some of the men work in 
 the adjoining garden, with considerable skill. 
 
 The arrangements within the establishment are on a scale corresponding 
 with its exterior; the men’s dining-hall, on the first floor, being large enough 
 to accommodate five hundred persons. 
 
 Attached to the House, there is also an obstetric department, an extensive 
 library, and a museum. 
 
 The whole establishment is kept in excellent order, and is well worth the 
 attention of the stranger. Two hundred and fifty thousand dollars are annu- 
 ally expended by the city for the support of this charity. 
 
 EPISCOPAL HOSPITAL, 
 
 FRONT STREET AND LEHIGH AVENUE. 
 
 This institution, properly called “ The Hospital of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church in Philadelphia,” is constructed of stone, massive, imposing and 
 ornamental. 
 
 This is a general hospital, supported by interest from moneys invested (re- 
 ceived by bequest or donation), contributions from churches and individuals, 
 for the maintenance of free beds ; board paid by patients, together with thanks- 
 giving ofierings, and annual and special contributions. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH’S HOSPITAL. 
 
 SEVENTEENTH AND GIRARD AVENUE. 
 
 This Institution, established in 1849, is supported by voluntary contribu- 
 tions, and is under the charge and control of the Sisters of Charity. It is 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 55 
 
 divided into Surgical, Medical and Obstetrical Wards; its capacity is now 
 about two hundred and fifty beds. 
 
 In addition to the public wards, there are a number of handsomely fur- 
 nished private rooms, which can be engaged at various prices, by persons 
 desirous of extra accommodations, where they can enjoy all the comforts of a 
 well-regulated home, together with all the benefits to be derived from such an 
 institution. The patients in these private rooms have the privilege of select- 
 ing their own medical attendant. 
 
 Although this Hospital is ranked among the Catholic charities of the city, 
 yet patients of all creeds and climes (except such as are afilicted by contagious 
 diseases) are admitted, and the inmates (if they desire it) can avail themselves 
 of the services of spiritual advisers of their own selection, and their wants 
 (if destitute) are gratuitously supplied. 
 
 ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL, 
 
 FRANKFORD ROAD AND PALMER STREET. 
 
 This Institution is under the care of the Franciscan Sisters, Roman Catholic, 
 and is entirely supported by voluntary contributions. It was founded in 
 1866, contains 85 beds, and receives both medical and surgical cases. 
 
 THE CHARITY HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 1834 HAMILTON STREET. CHARTERED 1858. 
 
 Supported by private subscriptions. A small amount is required to be paid 
 as board by patients. 
 
 Daily clinics are held at the Hospital, from 12 M. to 1 P. M., when advice 
 and medicines are given gratuitously to the worthy poor. 
 
 THE GERMAN HOSPITAL, 
 
 GIRARD AVENUE, ABOVE TWENTIETH, CORNER CORINTHIAN AVENUE. 
 
 This Institution was opened in 1866. There are accommodations for fifty 
 patients, who are admitted regardless of country, creed, or color. If poor, 
 they are treated gratuitously. The preference, however, is given to German 
 patients, and the attending physicians must speak the German language with 
 facility. 
 
 THE JEWISH HOSPITAL, 
 
 LOCATED AT WESTMINSTER AVENUE AND HAVERFORD ROAD, 
 
 was opened in 1866. It is open free to all applicants, without reference to 
 religious belief. The object of the Hospital is to secure to people of the Jew- 
 ish faith certain regulations in reference to diet and observance of the Sabbath 
 which they cannot obtain in other institutions. Persons afilicted with con- 
 tagious diseases are not admitted. 
 
56 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL, 
 
 HART LANE, NEAR TWENTY-FIRST STREET. 
 
 This building affords accommodation for persons laboring under infectious - 
 diseases. The main building and contiguous wings are built of Cleveland 
 brownstone, and are two stories in height, with Mansard roof. The institu- 
 tion is maintained by appropriations from the public funds, and is under the 
 charge of Dr. William M. Welch, the resident physician, appointed by the 
 Board of Health. Smallpox, yellow fever, typhus fever, scarlet fever, and 
 cholera are here treated. If the patient is able . to pay, one dollar per day is 
 charged for board ; otherwise no charge is made. 
 
 The first “ pest-house ” was erected in 1743 on a small island at the mouth 
 of the Schuylkill river. In 1800 the Lazaretto, on Little Tinicum Island, 
 Delaware county, was built, for the reception of sick immigrants. For a time 
 a circus building, then at Sixth and Chestnut streets, was used for the reception 
 of smallpox patients ; but owing to the threats of the neighboring residents, it 
 was removed. The Board of Health, organized in 1794, used for a time the 
 Fish Tavern, now occupied by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, as a 
 Hospital. The Wigwam Hotel, at the foot of Race street, on the Schuylkill, 
 was established as the first city Hospital in 1797. In 1805, owing to the com- 
 plaint of citizens, it was removed to what was then called the Wissahickon 
 road, near where Ridge avenue and Wallace street now intersect. In 1810 
 a hospital for infectious diseases was erected on Bush Hill, where it remained 
 until 1855, when it was removed, and the city was without a hospital of the 
 kind until the erection of the present structure. In the meantime, patients 
 suffering with contagious diseases, had to be carted twelve miles to the Laza- 
 retto Hospital. 
 
 LAZARETTO, 
 
 ITS HOSPITAL AND QUARANTINE STATION. 
 
 The Lazaretto with its Hospital, is situated on the island of Tinicum, in the 
 river Delaware, about twelve miles below the city. 
 
 This, with the Quarantine Station, is under the control and management 
 of the Board of Health. But its officers, consisting of a Lazaretto physician 
 and Quarantine Master, who reside therein during the quarantine season, are 
 appointed l)y the Governor of the State, who likewise appoints the Port Phy- 
 sician and Health Officer, who reside in the city ; all of whom, however, are 
 subject to the direction and control of the Board of Health. 
 
 All vessels from foreign ports, arriving here during quarantine, that is, 
 between the 1st day of June and the 1st day of October, a period of four 
 months, are oliliged to stop at the Lazaretto and receive a visit from the 
 physician, accompanied by the Quarantine Master. The sick, if any, who are 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 57 
 
 afflicted with pestilential or contagious diseases, are removed to the Hospital, 
 and placed under treatment by the physician. 
 
 Every convenience is to be found at this hospital station for the comfort and 
 welfare of the sick. The grounds are spacious and beautifully improved. The 
 site is elevated, and its position on the river front affords an extensive and 
 picturesque view, both up and down the Delaware, whitened with canvas, 
 studded with islands, or its margin on either shore dotted with farm-houses or 
 enlivened with villages. 
 
 Both of these Institutions are easily accessible, and are exceedingly ’interest- 
 ing in their character. 
 
 FRIENDS’ ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. 
 
 This Institution (under the care of the Society of Friends,) located near 
 Frankford, was one of the first of the kind established in the United States. It 
 has been in existence nearly sixty years, and during all that period has been 
 distinguished for the wisdom . and economy of its administration, and for the 
 mildness and success of its treatment. 
 
 The building will accommodate seventy to seventy-five patients. Amuse- 
 ments of different kinds are encouraged and provided, and manual labor in the 
 garden or on the farm is recommended. There is also a reading-room and. 
 library. 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH HOSPITAL, 
 
 BELMONT AVENUE, NEAR THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS, 
 
 just outside the limits of the Park, owes its foundation to Dr. John Kearsley,, 
 formerly of this city, who bequeathed, in 1798, a considerable estate to the 
 Vestry of Christ Church for the purpose. Subsequent bequests and donations 
 have brought large revenues to the Hospital. Mr. Joseph Dobbins, of South 
 Carolina, bequeathed twenty-five hundred dollars in cash, a lot on Fifth street 
 below Arch street, and the entire square between Spruce and Pine and 
 Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets, which, after remaining unproductive for 
 over seventy years, was sold for one hundred and eighty thousand dollars. 
 
 This gentleman died in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1804, at the age of 
 seventy-one, leaving in addition to the above, as his will expresses it, “all his 
 estate, real and person.al, consisting of one hundred and twenty-six shares in 
 the Bank of South Carolina, together with other property amounting to about 
 six thousand dollars, to the poor and distressed widows supported by the 
 bounty of Dr. Kearsley, in Christ Church Hospital.” 
 
 Thus, through the munificence of these two individuals, one of those useful 
 and benevolent institutions that adorn our city has been amply endowed. The- 
 
58 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Hospital was first opened at No. Ill Arch street. Subsequently a more com- 
 modious building was erected on Cherry street, above Third street. A proper 
 application of the funds demanded increased accommodations. The managers 
 very judiciously sought a location that w^ould possess the quietness desirable 
 for such an institution. This was o])tained on Belmont avenue, where they 
 have erected one of the most elegant buildings in Philadelphia, possessing 
 accommodations for about one hundred inmates, viz., “ Poor and Distressed 
 AVomen of the Episcopal Church.” 
 
 DISPENSAPJES. 
 
 Of these, the oldest and most important is the Philadelphia Dispensary — 
 established in 1786, for the treatment of applicants at the building (Fifth street 
 above Walnut street,) and patients at their homes. The Obstetric Department 
 has long served as a flourishing obstetric school. More recently, a large 
 Clinique for diseases of the eye, and one for diseases of the ear, have been in 
 active and successful operation. 
 
 PENNSYLA^ANI A SANITARIUM, 
 
 FOR INEBRIATES, OPIUM-TAKERS, ETC. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Sanitarium is at Media, fourteen miles from Philadel- 
 phia, on the West Chester, Media and Philadelphia Railroad. Media is a 
 beautiful village of about one thousand inhabitants, containing churches, and 
 an Institute of Science, with its library and cabinet. 
 
 The institution occupies five acres of ground, in a retired portion of the vil- 
 lage, and is remarkable for its quiet and beautiful surroundings. 
 
 The building is convenient, the rooms being airy, lighted with gas, and 
 liberally furnished. A large parlor, billiard-room, library, music, and a liter- 
 ary society among the inmates, afford means for social intercourse and enter- 
 tainment. 
 
 Russian baths, generous diet, and exercise in the open air, are among the 
 means that are employed to recuperate the physical system. 
 
 There are few institutions, devoted to charitable, scientific, literary, or other 
 useful public purposes, in which medical men are not strongly interested 
 and actively engaged, in Philadelphia as elsewhere. On the battlefield, in the 
 tent, or in the hospital of the sick and wounded, or in the scenes of greater 
 danger — trial requiring far greater courage and endurance — the abode of 
 plague and pestilence, the physician is found ; unmindful of danger, ever 
 ready and ever toiling to relieve, to inspire with hope, to mitigate sufiering, 
 nnd to save. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 59 
 
 THE COUNTY OR MOYAMENSING PRISON, 
 
 TExNTTH AND REED STREETS. 
 
 An edifice of the dark and grand castleated style of architecture of the 
 middle ages. The parapet-towers and battlements remind the visitor of the 
 Tudor times of mystery and romance. The prison is in marked contrast 
 with that of the j ail, or what was formerly a debtor’ s apartment, being a per- 
 fect copy of some of the old Egyptian structures. In the rear of this sombre 
 and massive pile of buildings, at 'Twelfth and Wharton streets, is a new and 
 handsomely laid out park, called Penn Square. 
 
 OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH, GLORIA DEI. 
 
 This is a venerable relic of the early days of religious worship in our new 
 world, when a church had to serve the purpose of a fortress, or place of refuge, 
 as well as that of devotion and prayer. 
 
 OLD swedes' church 
 
60 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 It was founded by the Swedes in 1677. It is the oldest church organization in 
 the city, being five years prior to the landing of William Penn. The presentbrick 
 building was completed and consecrated in the summer of 1700, and has been 
 worshipped in continuously ever since. 
 
 It contains many quaint and characteristic relics brought over by its founders 
 for memorials and ornamentations. 
 
 The world-renowned queen of song, Jenny Lind, the Swedish nightingale, 
 worshipped here on her visits to Philadelphia, as did also the famed and gifted 
 Neilson. The church is on Swanson street, below Christian street, looking to- 
 wards Otsego street, from which it is reached by passing through the ceme- 
 tery. 
 
 “ They all are passing from the land, 
 
 Those churches old and gray.” 
 
 HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 IN THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL BUILDING, SOUTH SIDE OF SPRUCE STREET, 
 BETWEEN EIGHTH AND NINTH STREETS. 
 
 This ancient and honored institution well merits its title, for it is the store- 
 house, the sanctum of all the important archives, records, etc., of the State 
 from its earliest colonial existence — indeed, the State and the City’s complete 
 history — civil, religious and political, in manuscripts, machines, relics, etc., re- 
 lating to American history, its rise and progress. The pamphlet collection is 
 probably not inferior to any in the country. The whole library is divided 
 into ten classes, viz. : history, biography, manuscripts, pamphlets, periodicals, 
 voyages and travels, newspapers, public documents of Pennsylvania, public 
 documents of the United States, and miscellaneous works. There are also 
 numerous curiosities and objects of historical interest, in addition to a choice 
 collection of coins, which render the institution well worthy of a visit. Open 
 daily after 11 o’clock A. M. 
 
 THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY, 
 
 WEST SIDE OF TENTH STREET, ABOVE CHESTNUT STREET. 
 
 The Library was organized in 1821 by a number of merchants and bankers. 
 In 1826 the Library was changed from an association of subscribers into a 
 company of stockholders. In 1845, the building now standing at the south- 
 east corner of Fifth and Library streets, was erected ; it becoming inadequate, 
 was sold for $95,000, and the Franklin Market was bought and altered at an 
 expense of $230,000. The interior is 300 by 80 feet *, the length of main 
 library -room 187 feet. The number of volumes in the Library, January, 
 1876, was 123,668, besides 8,704 unbound pamphlets. Total number of stock- 
 holders and subscribers, 10,401. The average number of visitor at the rooms 
 

 I 
 
 AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. G1 
 
 INTERIOR OF THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 
 
 each day during 1875, 1,409. Attached to the Library are chess, reading and 
 newspaper-rooms •, in the latter will be found newspapers from nearly all 
 parts of the world. 
 
 Visitors are always welcome and are shown over the building. At the desk 
 Avill be found the Visitor’s Book, in which you are expected to leave your 
 autograph. 
 
 Opposite the Library building is St. Stephen’s Church, a Gothic structure 5 
 the front consisting of two octagonal towers, eighty-six feet high, terminating 
 in embattlements. The Methodists erected the building in 1811, and gave it 
 the name of St. Thomas’ M. E. Church. They occupied it for twelve years, 
 when it was purchased by St. Stephen’s congregation. The interior decora- 
 tions are of great beauty, particularly the many richly stained windows. 
 
 In the north wall is a recess, which contains a magnificent monument to the 
 Burd family, celebrated as one of the finest productions of the artist’s chisel, 
 ^ and which at all ceremonies is lighted. The towers contain a rich chime of 
 
 I bells, and the instrumental and vocal music at all the services is unusually 
 
 ft fine. 
 
62 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION TEMPLE, 
 
 LOCATED SOUTH-EAST CORNER FIFTEENTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS. 
 
 An ornament to the city ; an honor to the Association, and a credit to the 
 architect. It extends from Chestnut to Sansom streets, and is 230 by 72 feet ; 
 is five stories in height, with the ornamental Mansard roof, and a tower 95 
 feet in height. It is built of Ohio blue stone, with a base of Quincy granite, 
 the principal entrances being embellished with columns of highly-polished red 
 granite. The cost of the structure is about $500,000. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 OLD AND NEW. 
 
 In the year 1764, the foundation of the first medical school in America was 
 laid, by a course of lectures upon anatomy, which were delivered by Dr. Wm. 
 Shippen. His pupils were ten in number. He was appointed in the follow- 
 ing year, by the trustees, professor of that branch ; and Dr. John Morgan 
 became professor of the institutes of medicine. In 1768, Dr. Adam Kuhn was 
 appointed professor of botany, and in 1769, Dr. Benjamin Rush was elected 
 to the chemical chair. Simultaneously, Dr. Thomas Bond was giving clinical 
 lectures in the Pennsylvania Hospital. 
 
 The college continued to diffuse the benefits of learning, and was conducted 
 with ability and zeal, until 1779, when the Legislature of Pennsylvania gave it 
 a new charter, erecting it into a University. Thus, two colleges were estab- 
 lished, viz. — the Academy and the University — having distinct professors in 
 medicine and in the arts. It was not long, however, before the two boards- 
 became convinced of the folly of the course they were pursuing ; and a con- 
 ference being held, it was agreed to petition the Legislature that they might be 
 united. Accordingly, in 1791 this was done, and thus was established the 
 organization under which the University of Pennsylvania has achieved its 
 present commanding position. 
 
 The illustrative collections and various practical arrangements of the Medi- 
 cal Department, have long been celebrated. The most interesting of these is 
 the Wistar and Horner Museum of Anatomy and Pathology. 
 
 The most important changes are the removal of the school, with all its 
 property, to new and appropriate buildings near the Academical Hall, in 
 West Philadelphia, and the erection, on adjoining grounds, of a University 
 Hospital. The clinical opportunities of this Hospital will be devoted to the 
 benefit of the pupils of the school, who will enjoy them in addition to analo- 
 gous facilities in all the public hospitals and dispensaries. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, 
 
 63 
 
 NEW UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS, 
 
 THIRTY-SIXTH AND SPRUCE STREETS, WEST PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 The University of Pennsylvania, with its cluster of beautiful buildings^ 
 forms a most conspicuous object in West Philadelphia. The main University 
 Building, rising from Academical Hall, presents to the eye a splendid specimen 
 of modern collegical Gothic architecture. It is the front of what is intended 
 to be a complete square of Gothic structures devoted to various uses, in all 
 connection with the University. 
 
 The Medical Department faces on Thirty-sixth street, between Spruce and 
 Locust streets ; and while it has distinctive architectural features of its own, 
 it follows the main structure in general style. The edifice is larger and more 
 commodious, as well as more elegant, than any other building in America 
 devoted to a similar purpose. The arrangements for the convenient accom- 
 modation and instruction of students have been carried out in accordance with 
 plans based upon long experience. 
 
64 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 In the basement are the laboratories 5 on the first floor, two large lecture 
 rooms ; on the second, a general museum and an amphitheatre for six hundred 
 students ; and on the third, rooms for the study of operative surgery and 
 dissection. . 
 
 The Lecture and Dissecting Rooms ; the Museum and Cabinet, including 
 the Wistar and Horner Museum, founded nearly one hundred years ago, and 
 which is unequaled for the number and variety of its specimens of the normal 
 and morbid anatomy of every part of the human body ; the Chemical and 
 Medical Apparatus, the most extensive private collection in the country 5 the 
 Library, containing upwards of nearly three thousand medical works, acces- 
 sible to advanced students and graduates under appropriate regulations 5 and 
 numerous other departments, are all so constructed as to excel all previous 
 accommodation for a medical school. 
 
 These advantages have been fully recognized and appreciated by the faculty 
 and by the students during the last session, as well as the quietness, the 
 absence of excitement, and the pure air of the locality, which so greatly tend 
 to promote industrious habits, to render study profitable, and to preserve the 
 health; all of which objects it was impossible to secure in an equal degree 
 while the school remained in the centre of the city. The immediate neighbor- 
 hood of the University to its own Hospital and the Philadelphia Hospital, at 
 both of which the Clinical Instruction of the students is chiefly given, forms 
 another and <][uite peculiar advantage of this Institution. 
 
 THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,* 
 
 CORNER NINETEENTH AND RACE STREETS. 
 
 The lot having a front on Nineteenth street of 288 feet, and a depth on 
 Race street of 198 feet. It covers an area of 186 feet on Race street, by 83 feet 
 on Nineteenth street. The ridge of the skylight is 80 feet above the road- 
 way. The north wing was commenced in July, 1872. The walls are of brick, 
 and faced with green serpentine stone. The architecture is collegiate Gothic, 
 and the building is fire-proof throughout. The public entrance is on Race 
 street. The floors of the vestibule and stair landings are of encaustic tiles. 
 The stairs are of iron. They lead to tho entresol and museum floors. The 
 first floor is divided into nineteen apartments, and the entresol into seven. 
 At the cast or Nineteenth street end of the building, on the first and entresol 
 floors, are rooms for the accommodation of artists, for the publications of the 
 Academy, for the use of the curators and council, a reading-room, a duplicate- 
 room, etc. At the west end, on the first and entresol floors, are four rooms, 21 
 by 27 feet, designed to contain the botanical and entomological collections. 
 The floor of the library is 130 feet long, and 30 feet wide, between the fronts 
 
 *An illustration of this building is on page 21. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 65 
 
 of the book-cases. The ceiling is 18 feet high. It contains 30,000 volumes, 
 and is the largest purely scientific one in America. Every branch of natural 
 science has at least one case in the library. The room, besides holding the 
 30,000 volumes, has space enough on the floor to seat comfortably four hundred 
 persons. 
 
 The second, or Museum floor, is 180 feet long by 60 feet wide. The first 
 gallery, 10 feet above the main floor, is 21 feet wide, and the second, which is 
 9 feet above it, is 18 feet wide. The gallery floors, are constructed of slabs of 
 slate, an inch and a half thick, laid upon iron beams and iron webs. A colon- 
 nade of ten wrought iron columns supports the galleries and roof. 
 
 The Museum is in all parts well lighted. A lantern sky-light, 80 feet in 
 length, admits light to the nave, and windows on the sides and ends of the 
 building light the galleries. The aggregate of floor space in the Museum 
 is 27,875 square feet, or more than three-fifths of an acre. But the collections 
 are so numerous that all this space will be fully occupied, and it is feared that 
 the Museum will still present a crowded appearance. 
 
 GOVERNMENT FORTS— NAVAL AND MILITARY STATIONS, ETC., 
 AT PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 FORT MIFFLIN, 
 
 is located in the Twenty-seventh Ward of the City of Philadelphia, on the 
 western shore of the Delaware river, and south-west from the city 5 distance 
 by water about eight miles, and by land five miles. The land adjoining the 
 Fort is flat and marshy, embracing an area of about six thousand acres; to the 
 north-west the land is rolling, divided by numerous fresh water-streams. 
 Fort Mifflin (named after Governor Mifflin,) was originally an earthwork, and 
 from its being erected upon a marshy flat, called “Mud Island,” it was for a 
 long period called Mud Fort ; now, from its almost impregnable walls point the 
 heaviest pieces of ordnance. The firm old structure has its revolutionary 
 history — the repulse of the British at the battle of Red Bank, 1777 — where the 
 frigate Augusta received a shot from the fort in her magazine, which caused her 
 to blow up with a terrible and fatal explosion. The subjoined lines of a song, 
 written upon the incident, was popular among seamen and others, for many years ; 
 
 “On Thursday morning, the weather fair, 
 
 The Augusta sailed up the Delaware ; 
 
 She thundered loud, as she passed by. 
 
 Our forts and batteries she did defy. 
 
 A red-hot ball from Fort Mifflin came, 
 
 Which set her vast hull in a flame.” 
 
 The story runs, that after the frigate had succeeded in passing the fort, a 
 man at one of the guns begged permission of the officer, to fire one more 
 
 4* 
 
66 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 shot. It was granted, and the result was a terrific crash and explosion, and 
 the death of upwards of a hundred men. After remaining in the bed of the river 
 ninety-three years, the hull of the Augusta was raised by machinery in 1870, 
 and is now lying just above the steamboat ferry at Gloucester City, on the 
 Delaware river, below Philadelphia. 
 
 FORT DELAWARE, ON PEA PATCH ISLAND, IN THE DELAWARE RIVER. 
 
 The Island is one and one-eighth miles distant from the Delaware shore, 
 one mile from the New Jersey shore, and forty-two miles below the city of 
 Philadelphia; ceded in 1813 by the State of Delaware, to the United States; 
 work commenced in 1814, and which was burned down in 1831. In December, 
 1838, the island was claimed by a citizen of New Jersey, and the work on the new 
 fort was suspended. In 1848 the United States title was confirmed, and in May, 
 1849, the foundations of the present works were commenced. 
 
 The reservation has 80 acres, average level 3 feet 4 inches, highest point 9 
 feet 8 inches above mean low water. The island is surrounded by a levee, pro- 
 tected from the water, and is drained by net-work ditches. There is a dock 
 and three wharves, two of stone and one of wood. 
 
 The surrounding country is mainly meadow land, the soil a rich loam and 
 very fertile. Climate salubrious and healthy ; cold in winter, and hot in sum- 
 mer. Fort Delaware was the great receptacle for confederate prisoners during 
 the late rebellion, where many thousands were comfortably lodged and fed. 
 
 Delaware City is the nearest post ofl&ce station, and is about west south-west 
 from the post. 
 
 NAVY YARD, LEAGUE ISLAND, AT THE FOOT OF SOUTH BROAD STREET. 
 
 As the Government has sold the old navy site, buildings, etc., to the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad Company, all of the movable matter, machinery, barracks, 
 vessels, munitions of war, etc., have been transferred to League Island, 
 which lies at the end of the neck of land or peninsula embraced in the First 
 Ward of the City, and is about five miles down the Delaware river from the old 
 Navy Yard. League Island was presented by the City of Philadelphia to 
 the Government, for a Navy Yard and Naval Station. When first offered to 
 the Government, an effort was made by representatives in Congress, in favor 
 of having the Naval Station removed from this city, to some other port in 
 the Union, but which was finally defeated; League Island presenting the 
 best claims — the greatest depth of fresh water, seawater being injurious 
 to the plates and other metallic material used in the construction of vessels of 
 war. Our close proximity to the great coal and iron supplies of the State, 
 were also advantages which could not be overlooked in the selection of a naval 
 site, not to omit our renowned ship building supplies. The location covers 
 about seven hundred acres. The admiration of the visitor will be agree- 
 
67 
 
 AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 I 
 
 ably excited on beholding here a number of vessels famed for their naval 
 achievments under various naval heroes, from the Revolution down to the late 
 rebellion, and among which — above all in historical interest — stands the Cen- 
 tennial frigate. Constitution, or “Old Ironsides,” now being fitted up for the 
 great National Exhibition of 1876. All honor to her old timbers I She re- 
 ceived her baptismal of fire at the bombardment of “Tripoli,” in which action 
 she received 300 round shots against her hull, and came out with no holes in 
 her sides, but her port-holes, and from that fact she was christened Ironsides ; 
 and under the commands of Hull, Bainbridge and Stewart, she fully and victo- 
 riously earned her soubriquet. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVAL ASYLUM, GRAY’s FERRY ROAD, BELOW SOUTH STREET. 
 
 The main building, which is of marble, has a. front of 360 feet, in the 
 centre of which is a Ionic portico of 140 feet. Two other elegant buildings, 
 one on either side, are appropriated to the higher ofi&cers of the institution. 
 The grounds comprise about twenty-seven acres, which are beautifully laid 
 out and adorned with shrubbery. The view from the western front is very 
 pleasing. It commands the Schuylkill river in either direction, and on the 
 opposite side of this stream, the extensive and picturesque grounds of Wood- 
 land Cemetery, the vast and commanding structure of the Almshouse and 
 Philadelphia Hospital, and the suburban residences of Hamilton Village, re- 
 markable for the beautiful trees which surround them. The object of the 
 institution is to supply a home for sailors and marines of the navy, disabled 
 by age or disease. A service of twenty years, and a surgeon’s certificate that 
 the applicant is unable to labor, are requisite for his admission. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVAL HOSPITAL, 
 
 on the grounds back of the Asylum. This is a spacious and imposing 
 structure, well adapted to its purpose. It is nearly covered from view, 
 except from the opposite side of the river, and badly placed upon the bank of 
 the river, being exposed to malaria during the spring and autumn. Erected 
 under orders of the United States Naval Department for the treatment of sick 
 and wounded officers and men of the United States Navy. It is well built and 
 admirably arranged in accordance with the present views of hospital construction. 
 
 A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF MARKET STREET BRIDGE. 
 
 The following authentic history of the ferriage across the Schuylkill at 
 Market street, and of the destroyed bridge will prove interesting. The middle 
 ferry was established at Market street, Schuylkill, in the earliest period of the 
 history of the city. The passage was by a scow drawn by a rope from side to 
 side. About the end of the year 1776, Major General Israel Putnam, of the 
 Continental army, who was in command of the city when the British army 
 
68 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 was marching across New Jersey with the intention, it was supposed, of at- 
 tacking Philadelphia, built a floating bridge at Market street. The battles of 
 Trenton and Princeton checked the hostile movement. 
 
 In 1777, after the battle of Brandywine was lost by the Americans, Put- 
 nam’s floating bridge was carried away from its, position and stowed in some 
 safe place elsewhere. The British army built a bridge at Market street during 
 the occupation, which remained after the city was evacuated. This British 
 bridge was subsequently taken away and sold to the proprietors of Gray’s 
 Ferry, and became the floating bridge at that place. Putnam’s bridge was 
 replaced in the old position, but was carried away by a flood, March 15th, 
 1804. The permanent bridge company was formed in 1798 ; the corner-stone 
 was laid October 8th, 1800, and the bridge was finished and opened in 1804. 
 
 This then, was the first bridge constructed in the city. It was dedicated to 
 the double use of pedestrians and railway cars. The bridgeway between the 
 abutments is divided by two piers of stone, and was composed of three great 
 arches. The depth of water at the western pier is forty-one feet below high 
 tide. The whole length of the bridge, including abutments and wing-walls, 
 was thirteen hundred feet. The span of the middle arch was one hundred 
 and ninety-four feet, and of the other arches one hundred and fifty feet. The 
 alteration of this bridge was authorized by an ordinance passed August 2, 
 1849, and the new bridge was built and finished in December, 1850. 
 
 It was burnt November 20th, 1875, and the present temporary bridge was 
 built in twenty-one days, by Col. Thomas A. Scott, President of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad Company, at a cost of $56,405.66. 
 
 One of the most elaborate bridges in the city, or indeed, in the country, is 
 the “double-deck” 
 
 CALLOWHILL STREET BRIDGE, 
 
 crossing the Schuylkill river at Callowhill and Spring Garden streets, and 
 just below the Fairmount waterworks ; occupying the site of the once cele- 
 brated Wire Bridge. 
 
 The total length of this iron truss superstructure is 1,295 feet; the main 
 span, over the river, being 350 feet. The bridge has an upper and lower 
 roadway ; the upper floor being 32 feet above the lower, and with the side- 
 walks, is 48 feet in width, between balustrades. The lower floor is 50 feet 
 wide, having a roadway and two sidewalks. 
 
 The upper roadway accommodates travel on Spring Garden street, and 
 the lower connects Callowhill street with Haverford street, by way of Thirtieth 
 street. 
 
THE DOUBLE BRIDGE, CALLOWHILL STREET 
 
TO 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 POST OFFICE, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 The central office (Chestnut street, below Fifth,) is kept open continu- 
 ously. Main-doors, open from 7.30 A. M. to 6.30 P. M. Night-windows, 
 open from 6.30 P. M. to 7.30 A. M. Sundays, open for box, carrier and gen- 
 eral delivery, from 8.30 to 9.30 A. M., and from 2 to 3 P. M. Postage on 
 letters (half ounce) to all parts of the United States and Canada, is three 
 cents 5 Postal Cards, one cent each *, newspapers not exceeding two ounces in 
 weight, one cent each — weighing more than two ounces, two cents each. 
 Book-manuscript, pamphlets, merchandize, etc., one cent for every ounce or 
 fraction, and limited to four pounds in weight. All packages must be done 
 up so the contents can be examined. 
 
 The carrier service covers an area of about sixty-seven square miles, and 
 within this territory, nine hundred and thirteen street letter-boxes are located 
 for the collection of letters To and from the Exhibition Grounds there will be 
 an hourly mail. 
 
 POSTAGE RATES UNDER GENERAL UNION TREATY. 
 
 On and after July 1, 1875, uniform rates of postage will be levied and col- 
 lected in the United States on correspondence to and from the whole extent of 
 the General Postal Union, formed by the Treaty of Berne, embracing within 
 its limits the following countries, viz. : Germany, Austria, Hungary, Belgium, 
 Denmark (including Iceland and the Faroe Is-lands), Egypt, Spain (including 
 the Balearic Isles, the Canary Islands, the Spanish possessions on the northern 
 coast of Africa, and the postal establishments of Spain upon the western coast 
 of Morocco), Great Britain (including the Island of Malta), Greece, Italy, 
 Luxemburg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal (including the Island of 
 Madeira and the Azores), Roumania, Russia (including the Grand Duchy of 
 Finland), Servia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, France and Japan. These 
 rates are as follows, viz. : 
 
 For prepaid letters, five cents per half ounce. For postal cards, two cents 
 each. For newspapers, if not over four ounces in weight, two cents each. 
 For books, other printed matter, patterns of merchandise, legal and com- 
 mercial documents, pamphlets, music, visiting cards, photographs, catalogues, 
 prospectuses, announcements and notices of various kinds, whether printed, 
 engraved or lithographed, two cents per each weight of two ounces or fraction 
 of two ounces. For the registration fee on all correspondence, ten cents. No 
 fee will be charged on return receipts for registered articles, in cases where 
 such receipts are requested. 
 
 The prepayment of letters is optional, but unpaid letters will be charged in 
 the country of destination with double the rate levied on prepaid letters. The 
 prepayment of postal cards, registered articles, newspapers and other printed 
 papers is compulsory. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 71 
 
 Prepayment of postage of every description of article can be effected only 
 by means of postage stamps or stamped envelopes valid in the country of 
 origin. 
 
 Newspapers and other printed papers unpaid, or insufficiently prepaid, can- 
 not be forwarded. Other articles when unpaid, or insufficiently paid, will be 
 charged as unpaid letters, after deducting the value of the stamped envelopes 
 or postage stamps employed. 
 
 Not only letters, but legal and commercial documents, patterns of mer- 
 chandise, newspapers, stitched or bound books, pamphlets, music, visiting 
 cards, photographs, catalogues, prospectuses, announcements and notices of 
 various kinds, may be registered, and the postage payable on registered articles 
 is the same aa- that on articles not registered. 
 
 The maximum weight for patterns of merchandise is fixed at eight and 
 three-quarter ounces, and the maximum weight of other articles (except 
 letters) is two pounds three ounces. 
 
 Books, newspapers, printed papers and other similar articles must be placed 
 under bands, or in an envelope open or simply folded, so as to admit of their 
 being easily examined, and, except in the following particulars, they must 
 contain no MS writing, figure or mark whatever. 
 
 Proofs of printing or of music may bear corrections made with the pen, re- 
 lating exclusively to the text or to the execution of the work. It shall be 
 allowable to annex MS to them. 
 
 Patterns of merchandise will only be admitted to the benefits of the reduced 
 postage extended to them by the treaty under the following condition : — They 
 must be placed in bags, boxes or envelopes, removable, so as to admit of an 
 easy examination. 
 
 Mails to Great Britain and Ireland — American Steamship Company’s Line, 
 •via Queenstown — every Thursday. 
 
 All parts of Europe — per steamer from New York — four times a week. 
 Mails leave Philadelphia the evening previous to sailing of mail steamer, as per 
 advertisement in daily papers. 
 
 Money orders issued to all parts of the United States, Canada, England, 
 Ireland, Scotland, German Empire and Switzerland. 
 
 ADVERTISED LETTERS. 
 
 Letters returned by carriers are advertised within three days. Letters merely 
 addressed to the Post Office, are advertised one week after being received. 
 Persons calling for advertised letters must be particular in giving the date of the 
 list in which they are inserted. All advertised letters not claimed within 
 thirty days, are sent to the Dead Letter Office. Letters addressed to initials or 
 fictitious names, are treated as dead matter. 
 
72 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE NEW POST OFFICE AND UNITED STATES COURT HOUSE. 
 
 It will have a frontage of 430 feet on Ninth street, and 155 feet on Chestnut 
 and Market streets. The plan on the ground floor is in the form of a rectangle, 
 and the whole of this floor will be devoted to the uses of the Post Ofi&ce, having 
 one large business room, 140x254 feet, with public corridors, offices for money 
 orders, postmaster, cashier and large fire-proof vaults. 
 
 It will be well lighted on all four sides, and with a large skylight towards 
 the rear, 62x254 feet. The main entrances for the public will be on Ninth street, 
 with a driveway for reception of mails at the rear of the building. The base- 
 ment will be devoted to the use of the Post Office, storage, heating apparatus 
 and fuel, and elevators connecting with the first floor for raising and lowering of 
 mails. Above, the main story the building will take the form of a half parallelo- 
 gram, with a space in the centre, and is entirely assigned to offices, which will 
 furnish ample accommodations for sucli government officers as it may be found 
 desirable to locate in this building. On the third floor there will be two large 
 court rooms, 42x63 feet, and 30 high, with smaller rooms for the Judges, United 
 States District Attorney, Marshal, Clerks of Courts, hearings, and offices for 
 court officials. In the fourth story, rooms will be provided for juries, witnesses, 
 documents, files. Route and Special Agents. Broad staircases give access to the 
 upper stories, as will also two large passenger elevators with latest improvements. 
 
 The heights of the different floors are to be as follows: Basement, 15 feet*, 
 first story, 27 feet; second, 22 feet; third, 20; fourth, 16 feet. Each story is 
 to be furnished with a full compliment of closets and lavatories. The building 
 is to be heated by steam, and an ample system of ventilation will be provided, 
 with ventilating registers in each room opening into ducts connecting with 
 large rarified air shafts. 
 
 The exterior is designed in the Renaissance style, and its general appearance 
 is well set forth by our illustration on page 44. 
 
 From the ground line to the top of the main cornice, the height will be 90 
 feet, and from the ground to the top of the large central dome, 180 feet. 
 
 The exterior of the building will be of granite, that for the basement being 
 furnished by the Old Dominion Granite Company, from their quarries near 
 Richmond, Va. ; and that for the superstruction by the Dix Island Company, 
 from their quarries at Dix Island, Maine. 
 
 NOMENCLATURE OF ARRANGEMENTS OF THE STREETS OF 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Our streets, as originally named by William Penn, were numerical and 
 pomological — the pomological, running from east to west; the, numerical, 
 from north to south ; but at present they include every form of nomenclature, 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 73 
 
 the historical, the geographical, the natural, the mineral, the classical, etc. 
 We here give their order and the admirable manner in which the dwellings 
 are numbered. 
 
 The streets of Philadelphia are laid out at right angles, and are numbered 
 from Market street, north and south, and westward from the Delaware river. 
 Thus, the first house below Market street, on the west side, is numbered 2 
 (west side takes even numbers, and east side, odd) and so on, regularly, until 
 Chestnut street is reached ; and although the first house north of Chestnut 
 street may be numbered but 54, the first house south of Chestnut street is 
 numbered 100. 
 
 Beginning at the Delaware river, the streets running westward from the 
 river are numbered in like manner — the even numbers being on the south 
 side. At Third street anywhere in the city, the first house west is numbered 
 300 ; at Eighth street, 800 ; Broad street is numerically 1400 ; and so on, up 
 to Cobb’s creek, the western boundary line between Philadelphia City and 
 Delaware county. 
 
 The streets north and south of Market street, are thus numbered : 
 
 No. North. 
 
 1 Market, 
 
 — Filbert, 
 
 — Commerce, 
 
 — Church, 
 
 100 Arch, 
 
 — Cherry, 
 
 200 Race, 
 
 — Branch, 
 
 — New, 
 
 300 Vine, 
 
 — Wood, 
 
 400 Callowhill, 
 
 — Margaretta, 
 
 — Willow, 
 
 — Noble, 
 
 500 Buttonwood, 
 
 Spring Garden, 
 
 600 Green, 
 
 — Mt. Vernon, 
 
 — Wallace, 
 
 — Melon, 
 
 700 Fairmount Ave., 
 
 — Olive, 
 
 800 Brown, 
 
 — Parish, 
 
 — Ogden, 
 
 900 Poplar, 
 
 — Laurel, 
 
 No. South. 
 
 1 Market, 
 
 — Jayne, 
 
 — Merchant, 
 
 — Minor, 
 
 100 Chestnut, 
 
 — Sansom, 
 
 — Library, 
 
 200 Walnut, 
 
 — Dock, 
 
 — Locust, 
 
 300 Spruce, 
 
 — Union, 
 
 400 Pine, 
 
 500 Lombard, 
 
 — Gaskin, 
 
 600 South, 
 
 700 Bainbridge, 
 
 — Monroe, 
 
 — Fitz water, 
 
 — German, 
 
 800 Catharine, 
 
 — Queen, 
 
 900 Christian, 
 
 — Marriott, 
 
 1000 Carpenter, 
 
 1100 Washington Avenue, / 
 — Ellsworth, 
 
 1200 Federal, 
 
74 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 No. North. 
 
 No. South. 
 
 — Beaver, 
 
 — George, 
 
 1200 Girard Avenue, 
 
 — Stiles, 
 
 1300 Thompson, 
 
 — Seybert, 
 
 1400 Master, 
 
 1500 Jefferson, • 
 
 1600 Oxford, 
 
 1700 Columbia Avenue. 
 1800 Montgomery Avenue, 
 1900 Berks, 
 
 2000 Norris, 
 
 — Otis, 
 
 2100 Diamond, 
 
 2200 Susquehanna, 
 
 2300 Dauphin, 
 
 2400 York, 
 
 2500 Cumberland, 
 
 2600 Huntington, 
 
 2700 Lehigh Avenue, 
 
 2800 Somerset, 
 
 2900 Cambria, 
 
 3000 Indiana, 
 
 3100 Clearfield, 
 
 3200 Allegheny. 
 
 — Marion, 
 
 1300 Wharton, 
 
 1400 Keed, 
 
 1500 Dickerson, 
 
 — ■ Greenwich, 
 
 1600 Tasker, 
 
 1700 Morris, 
 
 — Pierce, 
 
 1800 Moore, 
 
 — Siegel, 
 
 1900 Mifflin, 
 
 2000 McKean, 
 
 2100 Snyder, 
 
 2200 Jackson, 
 
 2300 Wolf, 
 
 2400 Ritner, 
 
 2500 Porter, 
 
 2600 Shunk, 
 
 2700 Oregon Avenue, 
 2800 Johnson, 
 
 2900 Bigler, 
 
 3000 Pollock, 
 
 3100 Packer, 
 
 3200 Curtin, 
 
 3300 Geary, 
 
 3400 Hartranft. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 75 
 
 BANKS IN PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Open daily, except Sundays and Legal Holidays from 10 A. M. to 3 P. M. 
 
 Bank Clearing House, 429 Chestnut street. 
 
 Bank of America,* 306 W alnut street. 
 
 Bank of North America, 307 Chestnut street. 
 
 Centennial National Bank, 3126 Market street. 
 
 Central National Bank, 109 South Fourth street. 
 
 City National Bank, 32 North Sixth street. 
 
 Commercial National of Pennsylvania, 314 Chestnut street. 
 
 Commonwealth National, 400 Chestnut street. 
 
 Consolidation National, 331 North Third street. 
 
 Corn Exchange National, Second and Chestnut streets. 
 
 Eighth National, Second and Girard avenue. 
 
 Farmers’ and Mechanics’ National, 427 Chestnut street. 
 
 FIBST NATIONAL, 315 Chestnut street. 
 
 First National, Camden, N. J., 203 Chestnut street. 
 
 Girard National, Third below Chestnut street. 
 
 Kensington National, 969 Beach street. 
 
 Keystone National Bank, 1326 Chestnut street. 
 
 Merchants’ Exchange Bank,* Third and Dock streets. 
 
 Manayunk Bank,* 4371 Main street. 
 
 Manufacturers’ National, 27 North Third street. 
 
 Mechanics’ National, 22 South Third street. 
 
 National Bank of Northern Liberties, Third and Vine streets. ’ 
 
 National Bank of the Republic, 320 Chestnut street. 
 
 National Bank of Commerce, 209 Chestnut street. 
 
 National of Germantown, 4800 Germantown avenue. 
 
 National Security, 701 Girard avenue. 
 
 National State, Camden, N. J., 212 Church street. 
 
 Penn National, Sixth and Vine streets. 
 
 Peoples’ Bank,* 435 Chestnut street. 
 
 Philadelphia National, 421 Chestnut street. 
 
 Second National, 4434 Frankford avenue. 
 
 Seventh National, Fourth and Market streets. 
 
 Shackamaxon Bank,* 1737 Frankford avenue. 
 
 Sixth National, Second and Pine streets. 
 
 Southwark National, 610 South Second street. 
 
 Spring Garden,* Ridge avenue and Spring Garden street. 
 
 Third National, 1428 Market street. > 
 
 Tradesman’s National, 111 South Third street. 
 
 Twenty-second Ward Bank of Germantown,* 4850 Germantown avenue. 
 Union Banking Company,* 310 Chestnut street. 
 
 Union National, Third and Arch streets. 
 
 United States Banking Company,* Tenth and Chestnut streets. 
 
 West Philadelphia,* 3938 Market street. 
 
 Western National, 406 Chestnut street. 
 
 ♦state Banks. 
 
76 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 HACKNEY CARKIAGE FARES. 
 
 The rates of fare, except when otherwise expressly agreed upon before 
 starting, are as follows : One passenger, with trunk, valise or box, not 
 exceeding 100 pounds in weight, distance not exceeding one mile, 75 cents 5 two 
 passengers $1.25, and for each additional trunk or valise 10 cents extra, 
 additional passenger 25 cents. Distance over a mile, and not more than two 
 miles, $1.25 ; each additional passenger, 25 cents. If the distance be more 
 than two miles, for each additional mile or fractional part of a mile, 50 cents 
 in addition to the $1,25 for the first two miles 5 for each additional passenger 
 50 cents. ^Yhen engaged by the hour for shopping, or going from place to 
 place, and stopping as often as may be required, $1.50 per hour, for one or two 
 passengers, and for each additional passenger 25 cents. 
 
 Where the hiring of a hackney-carriage or carriages is not at the time speci- 
 fied to be by the hour, it shall be deemed to be by the mile ; but in case the 
 distance shall be more than four miles, the rate to be charged for each addi- 
 tional mile shall be fifteen cents for each passenger, as herein provided. 
 
 Whenever any hackney-carriage or carriages, not engaged by the hour, shall 
 be detained by the passenger or passengers, the owner or owners, or driver, 
 shall be allowed at the rate of seventy-five cents per hour, in addition to the 
 rates hereby established. 
 
 For children between five and fourteen years of age half price only is charged, 
 and for children under five years of age no charge is to be made, if not more 
 than one such child to two adults. 
 
 Twelve squares are a legal mile. In case of dispute appeal to the Mayor or 
 the Chief of Police, corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets 
 
 HOW TO REACH THE RAILROAD DEPOTS. 
 
 All cars running east and west, exchange tickets (except the Union and Ridge 
 Avenue lines) with those running north and south, and vice versa, so that for 
 nine cents you can connect with the line going direct to the depot. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Thirty-second and Market streets, reached direct by the Market 
 Street car going west ; with an exchange ticket, it can be reached from any part 
 of the city by taking a car going north or south, (except the Union Line) con- 
 necting with the Market Street car. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 77 
 
 KENSINGTON DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Front and Berks streets, reached direct by the Fifth and Sixth Street 
 car going out Fifth street, and by the white car of the Second and Third Street 
 Line, going out Third street, and by the Richmond branch of the Union Line, 
 going out Ninth street to within one square of it. All other branches of the 
 Union Line, give passes for this branch for one fare. 
 
 NORTH PENN DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Berks and American streets ; reached direct by the Fifth and 
 Sixth Street car, going out Fifth street 5 and by the green car of the Second 
 and Third Street Line, going out Third street. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND READING DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Thirteenth and Callowhill streets; the Callowhill Street Line 
 going east and west runs past this depot, as also does the Thirteenth Street 
 car of the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Street Line. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, WILMINGTON AND BALTIMORE DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Broad street and Washington avenue; reached direct by the 
 Thirteenth Street car, of the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Street Line, and by the 
 Richmond branch of the Union Line, going down Seventh street (all other 
 branches of the Union Line give passes for this branch for one fare.) 
 
 GERMANTOWN DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Ninth and Green streets ; reached by the two lines running out 
 Eighth street to Green, and the Union Line, going out Ninth street to Spring 
 Garden street. 
 
 WEST JERSEY DEPOT. 
 
 Located in Camden, New Jersey. The Upper Market Street Ferry boats 
 carry passengers to it. The Market Street and Union Lines run to Front and 
 Market streets. This is the railroad that runs to Cape May. 
 
 CAMDEN AND ATLANTIC DEPOT. 
 
 Foot of Vine street wharf. Race and Vine Street cars take you to Second and 
 Vine streets ; as does also the Second and Third Street Line. This railroad 
 runs to Atlantic City. 
 
 WEST CHESTER AND PHILADELPHIA DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Thirty -first and Chestnut streets ; reached direct by the Chestnut 
 and Walnut Street car going out Walnut to Twenty-second street, and thence 
 to Chestnut street. 
 
78 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 OFFICIAL VALUATION OF FOREIGN COINS. 
 
 FOREIGN MONEYS OF ACCOUNT AND THEIR VALUES IN UNITED STATES MONEY. 
 
 COUNTRY. 
 
 MONETARY UNIT. 
 
 VALUE IN 
 U. S. GOLD. 
 
 Argentine Republic 
 
 Austria 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Bogota 
 
 Bolivia 
 
 Brazil 
 
 British Possessions, N. A. 
 
 Central America 
 
 Chili 
 
 Cuba 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Eot* 
 
 France 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Greece 
 
 German Empire 
 
 Hayti 
 
 Japan 
 
 India 
 
 Italy 
 
 Liberia 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 Norway 
 
 Paraguay 
 
 Peru 
 
 Porto Rico 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Russia 
 
 Sandwich Islands 
 
 Spain 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Tripoli 
 
 Tunis 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 U. S. of Colombia 
 
 Peso-fuerte 
 
 Florin 
 
 Franc 
 
 Peso 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Milreis of 1 ,000 reis . . . , 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Peso 
 
 Peso 
 
 Crown 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Pound of 100 piasters.. 
 
 Franc 
 
 Pound sterling 
 
 Drachma 
 
 Mark 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Yen 
 
 Rupee of 16 annas 
 
 Lira 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Florin 
 
 Crown 
 
 Peso 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Peso 
 
 Milreis of 1,000 reis.... 
 Rouble of 100 copecks. 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Peseta of 100 centimes. 
 
 Crown 
 
 Franc 
 
 Mahbub of 20 piasters. 
 Piaster of 16 caroubs.. 
 
 Piaster 
 
 Patacon 
 
 Peso 
 
 $1.00 
 
 .45,3 
 
 .19,3 
 
 .91,2 
 
 .96,5 
 
 .54,5 
 
 1.00 
 
 .91,8 
 
 .91,2 
 
 .92,5 
 
 .26,8 
 
 .91,8 
 
 4.97,4 
 
 .19,3 
 
 4.86,6| 
 
 .19,3 
 
 .23,8 
 
 .95,2 
 
 .99,7 
 
 .43,6 
 
 .19,3 
 
 1.00 
 
 .99,8 
 
 .38,5 
 
 .26,8 
 
 1.00 
 
 .91,8 
 
 .92.5 
 
 1 . 08;4 
 
 .73,4 
 
 1.00 
 
 .19,3 
 
 .26,8 
 
 .19,3 
 
 .82,9 
 
 .11,8 
 
 .04,3 
 
 .94,9 
 
 .91,8 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 79 
 
 SQUARES OR PARKS OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 One great and very attractive feature of this famous city, is the number and 
 extent of its beautiful public squares or parks, which are elegantly laid out 
 with gravelled walks and grass-plots 5 many of them are adorned with handsome 
 fountains and shaded by numerous trees of great variety, and where on a 
 summer’s day, the citizens can repair to breathe the purer air of a densely 
 crowded city, and in the afternoons, the children of all classes, both rich and 
 poor, may enjoy the privilege of romping and jumping without fear of moles- 
 tation. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE SQUARE, 
 
 In the rear of Independence Hall, extends to W alnut street and from Fifth to Sixth 
 streets. It has just been newly and beautifully laid out. It was in this Square that 
 the Declaration of Independence was first read by John Nixon, July 8th, 1776. 
 It was here that an immense meeting of the citizens met in October, 1773 and 
 again in December, and made the first resistance to British authority in re- 
 fusing to receive the Ship Polly, with a cargo of tea, and compelling the captain 
 when he had reached Gloucester, under the threat of— “a halter around your neck, 
 ten gallons of liquid tar scattered on your pate, with the feathers of a dozen 
 wild geese laid over that, to enliven your appearance,” — to turn his ship and 
 carry his tea back to London. 
 
 WASHINGTON SQUARE, 
 
 Sixth to Seventh streets and Walnut to Locust streets, and south-west from 
 Independence Square. These now beautiful grounds have an interesting 
 history of almost two centuries. From a thick grove of walnut, elm and mul- 
 berry trees it became a “ Potters’ Field 5” where the corpse of the stranger and 
 the poor, who were not provided, found a resting-place. In the Revolution, 
 when General Putnam was commandant of the city, it is said, that the gallows, 
 or trees, on an elevation at the south end, were used for Tories. After the 
 peace of 1815 it was cleared of its trees ; many of the sturdy trunks 
 after being felled, were blown apart with gunpowder, amid the shouts of the 
 young urchins, and the gaze of the pale convicts from the iron-barred windows 
 of the prison at Sixth and Walnut streets. Beneath a circular grass plot, 
 about the middle of the square, on the 22d of February, the Centennial 
 Anniversary of the birth of Washington, was laid the corner-stone of an 
 intended monument to his memory, in the presence of a most imposing 
 assemblage of all the literary, patriotic and benevolent societies — all the 
 
80 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 trades, the military, the Free Masons, the Odd Fellows, etc. — to which vast 
 gathering of thousands an appropriate oration was delivered by the late David 
 Paul Brown. 
 
 RITTENHOUSE SQUARE, 
 
 Walnut to Locust streets. Eighteenth to Nineteenth streets. Is one of the 
 most delightful squares in the city ; contains three very magnificent fountains 
 at the three main entrances. The square is surrounded on all sides by 
 splendid mansions. 
 
 FOUNTAIN, RITTENHOUSE SQUARE. 
 
 Facing the square on the south-west corner of Nineteenth and Walnut streets, 
 is situated Holy Trinity Church (Protestant Episcopal). The auditorium is 
 undoubtedly the most beautiful and imposing in the country. The structure 
 —a very beautiful one — is of brown stone, and is valued at three hundred 
 thousand dollars. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION 
 
 81 
 
 WALNUT STREET, EAST OF NINETEENTH STREET. 
 
 I 
 
 A few squares above this, on the north-west corner of Twenty-second and 
 Walnut streets, is St. James’ Church, for a long time associated with Old 
 Christ Church. 
 
 LOGAN SQUARE, 
 
 from Race to Vine streets and Eighteenth to Nineteenth streets. Is a 
 beautifully grassed and graded park, well supplied with drinking fountains 
 and stocked with deer. 
 
 Fifty years ago this spot was considered far out of town 5 a remote and 
 dreary-looking field. On the seventh of February, 1823, William Gross was 
 executed here, for the murder of Neziah Stow ; and the numerous spectators 
 found the weather so extremely cold, that they seized upon the wooden fences 
 
 5* 
 
82 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 and made fires in various parts of the field. . It was here, in 1864, that the 
 great Sanitary Fair was held — one of the most magnificent fairs ever on exhi- 
 bition — the whole space being roofed over and occupied ; the trunks of the 
 trees forming pillars in the aisles, their branches waving over the roof. 
 
 FRANKLIN SQUARE, 
 
 Sixth to Franklin streets and Race to Vine streets, named in memory of the 
 printer, patriot and philosopher, Benjamin Franklin — it is handsomely laid 
 out with walks and grass plots and shaded by magnificent trees. In the 
 centre is a beautiful fountain. This ground, for a time, was once used as a 
 burial place, and also as the site of a powder magazine. 
 
 Besides these principal squares, there are a number of smaller ones in 
 different portions of the city. Norris Square, given to the city by Isaac P. 
 Norris, Esq., is bounded by Susquehanna avenue, Hancock, Diamond and 
 Howard streets •, Jefferson Square, from Third to Fourth streets, and Federal 
 street to W ashington avenue ; Penn Square, Twelfth and "Wharton streets ; on 
 Spring Garden street, and Girard avenue, plots of ground formerly occupied 
 by open market-houses, or intended market-houses, have been laid out as 
 gardens; and last, but not least, and far ahead of all other parks in this or 
 any other country, is Fairmount Park, to which we will have to devote 
 several pages. 
 
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 83 
 
VIEW IN FAIRMOUNT PARK, NEAR THE WATERWORKS, 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 85 
 
 FAIRMOUNT PARK 
 
 Who can describe ? What pen portray, or mind conceive of the diversified 
 and natural beauties of this wondrous landscape? Well may the beholder 
 stand with uncovered head, while gazing upon the handiwork of the Creator, 
 where every spot seems hallowed with historic associations dating back for 
 nearly two hundred years. The scene thus extolled might well be called the 
 Eden of America 5” embracing as it does, nearly three thousand acres of ground 
 — forming hills and dales, leafy woodlands, rippling brooks and placid river, 
 rocky ravines and wilder nooks and crannies, extensive drives and sequestered 
 valleys, numerous cascades and sloping terraces. Though not so artistically 
 adorned as other and older parks, nature has lavished her gifts so abundantly, 
 that scarcely an additional attraction seems to be needed. This Park, so in- 
 separably connected with our Centennial enterprise, is three times as large as 
 the Central Park of New York, and is divided by the Schuylkill river into two 
 sections — East and West Parks. 
 
 WATERWORKS AND DAM. 
 
86 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 What was originally known as Fairmount, is that portion approached by 
 the Callowhill street entrance, and the site which William Penn had chosen 
 to build his manor, and certainly no spot could be so attractive for a residence 
 as the graceful little mountain, which first met the pioneer’s eye in ascending 
 the beautiful Schuylkill. It was here that the Waterworks were put in opera- 
 tion in 1822, and which are well worthy of our close inspection. The mighty 
 engines are worked by water-power, and also by steam, pumping into the 
 reservoir on the top of the adjoining hill thirty-five million gallons of water 
 per day. 
 
 Here we find fountains, the prospect-houses, wheel-houses and race ; here, 
 also, will be found its basins and terraces 5 its serpentine walks, flowers, 
 shrubbery and statuary — a picture truly enchanting and refreshing to the 
 visitor hastening from the noise and tumult of a heated city. We doubt if 
 there is another spot upon the globe where the wild and rude, the picturesque 
 and the sublime, are so remarkably blended. The river and the bridge on your 
 left, as you enter 5 the graveled and grassy walks and fountains in front of 
 you, and vast gray rocks upon your right, towering a hundred feet in height, 
 like a great fortress for almost a quarter of a mile, with the cool water oozing 
 through the clefts like drops of pearl in summer, and in winter forming vast 
 diamond stalactites of ice. 
 
 Ascending the winding graveled walk to the summit, you reach the four 
 grand basins or reservoirs, with their glassy mirrors of cool, fresh mountain 
 water ; moving round to the north side of this altitude, you stand at the top of 
 a grand amphitheatre, with the most diversified and enchanting view 5 at the 
 foot of the galleries of green velvet grass, above which you are standing, you 
 have the Keservoir Park, with its cascades, walks and plots ; and turning 
 westward, your eye embraces the lake-like ‘‘ Fairmount dam,” with its broad 
 and bright-falling sheets of foam •, its head-race, forebay and beautiful terraces ; 
 the fairy-like little steamers that ply up and down the Schuylkill 5 the 
 temple-like pier at the dam *, the boat-houses of the Schuylkill Navy and 
 their little fleets with waving streamers ; the grand Lincoln Monument, and 
 beyond this, the arboreal and floral commencement of Fairmount Park proper, 
 with its broad and beautiful river drive on the left of fourteen miles ; its foun- 
 tains ascending, and shrubbery-lined pathways, embowered seats and historic 
 groves. 
 
 The walks around the basin' is so extensive as to aflPord many points of obser- 
 vation, and in descending the gravelled pathway we have a still greater variety 
 of views from the terrace or observatory, connected with the adjacent stand- 
 pipe. Near the bottom of the stand-pipe, on the precipice rocks overhanging 
 the forebay, is the statue of Leda, with her swan, throwing slender jets of spray ; 
 it it of an American antique, and was originally the ornament of the old Water 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 87 
 
 CASCADE FOUNTAIN, NEAR FAIRMOUNT AVENUE ENTRANCE. 
 
 Works, on the site of the present Public Buildings, at Broad and Market streets. 
 It was modeled to represent Miss Vanuxem, a reigning belle of Philadelphia. 
 
 At a short distance from the Green street entrance to the Park, is a plain 
 white, rough-cast building ; this is the Park Art Gallery, and among its treasures, 
 is RothermeTs “Battle of Gettysburg,” painted by order of the Legislature at 
 a cost of $30,000. 
 
 Following the main promenade we come to the great monument of Abraham 
 Lincoln, situated with picturesque surroundings, in the open space between 
 the river drive and the main drive which skirts the promontory of Lemon Hill. 
 This splendid bronze statue was modeled by Rogers, in Rome, and cast at Munich. 
 The cost was $33,000, and the ceremonies of unveiling took place on Sep- 
 tember 22nd, 1870, the anniversary of the Proclamation of Emancipation. 
 
LINCOLN S MONUMENT. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 89 
 
 The statue is colossal in size, being 9 feet 6 inches in height, repre- 
 senting the martyred President in a sitting posture, having in his right hand 
 a quill pen, and in his left a scroll — the immortal proclamation. 
 
 ‘ It is raised upon a granite pedestal. The following inscriptions appear upon 
 the sides: on the south — “ To Abraham Lincoln, from a grateful people on 
 the east — “ Let us here highly resolve that the government of the people, by the 
 people, and for the people, shall not perish from the face of the earth on the 
 north — “ I do order and declare, that all persons held as slaves, within the 
 States in rebellion, are and henceforth shall be free;” and on the west 
 face — “With malice towards none, with charity towards all, with firmness in 
 the right as God gives us to see the right, let us finish the work we are in.” 
 
 Just beyond the Lincoln Monument, we arrive at the foot of Lemon Hill, 
 and strolling along the plateau to the right, passing beautiful flower beds, we 
 reach a many-colored Moorish structure, which surmounts the sole chalybeate 
 
 MINERAL SPRING, LEMON HILL. 
 
90 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 spring known in the Park, and here we may see, daily drinking, the few en- 
 thusiasts who take the iron-flavored water as a regimen •, further on we see the 
 Gold Fish Pond and Fountain, and ascending flights of stone steps on the sides of 
 the terrace, we reach the mansion on the top of the hill. This mansion is a 
 modiflcation of the edifice built by Henry Pratt, about the year 1800. 
 
 Prior to this, ‘‘The Hills,” as it was then" called, was the country seat of 
 Robert Morris, the great Revolutionary financier: his pretty lodge, with its 
 crown of chimneys and circular two story bay and low piazza, occupied the site 
 of the present mansion. He resided here from 1770 to 1798, a period embra- 
 cing the Revolution and the presidency of Washington. He had a splendid 
 mansion in the city, but “The Hills” was his home; winter and summer his 
 hours of rest and enjoyment were passed here. Many of the enormous trees 
 on the lawn are of the Revolutionary time. 
 
 In his mansion Morris entertained many Revolutionary celebrities ; Hancock, 
 Franklin, John Adams, members of the Continental Congress, officers of the 
 army and navy and others. He may be truly called the “Revolution’s right 
 arm,” or more strictly speaking “Washington’s right hand.” By someunfor- 
 seen circumstance, not only money but ammunition, clothing, food and proven- 
 der seemed miraculously poured into the store-house of this worthy man, for 
 the help and sustenance of the American army; and when the French fleet 
 failed Washington, and he conceived the plan of giving the invasion its finish- 
 ing stroke in Virginia, he furnished to the money-king an estimate of the 
 amount required, for which Morris pledged his own note to the amount of one 
 million four hundred thousand dollars, sufficing for the transport of the army 
 into Virginia; where the British troops were captured at Yorktown. 
 
 Some years later he formed an enterprise, with two partners — which failed 
 through his connection with one of the projectors, and caused his ruin. Being 
 an advocate of “imprisonment for debt,” he was thrown into prison, but on ac- 
 count of his public position and his incalculable aidin his country’s great struggle, 
 he was ofiercd his liberty; but he firmly refused on the ground that “ a law- 
 maker should not be a law-breaker,” and therefore sufiered the penalty of the 
 law; but in the year 1802 he was released on the passage of the Bankrupt Law, 
 after having been four years in confinement. He soon after died in an humble 
 abode on Twelfth street above Chestnut. His beautiful mansion is gone; 
 what we see at present is the building substituted for it, by Henry Pratt, and 
 now used for an ordinary restaurant. 
 
 The broad plateau on every fine day in summer, is thronged with pleasure- 
 seekers, who come out from the hot and dusty city to enjoy the beautiful scenery, 
 bracing air and delicious music, which is discoursed from a pavilion built for 
 that purpose, two afternoons of each week during the summer. 
 
GOLD FISH POND, FOUNTAIN AND TERRACE, LEMON HILL. 
 
92 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 GENERAL GRANT’ S CABIN. 
 
 Just beyond this plateau, is the third of these hills formerly known as Sedgeley 
 Park 5 here will be found ‘‘Grant’s Cottage,” a small frame house used by 
 General Grant as his head-quarters at City Point, during the late war, after 
 which it was brought here. The top of the hill has been chosen as the site of 
 the Humboldt Monument. The corner-stone was laid September 10th, 1869 ; 
 but further progress has been delayed by various obstacles. The approach of 
 the Centennial has aroused renewed interest on the part of the public, and 
 an organization has been formed for the purpose of devising ways and means 
 to pursue the work. The contract is for a statue of bronze, nine feet high, to 
 cost $13,000 gold. Here, too, was an earthwork — yet traceable — constructed 
 during the late war, as part of the defences of Philadelphia. From this hill 
 there is an excellent view of the magnificent Girard Avenue Bridge — 
 a substantial iron structure, which connects the East and "West Parks. It 
 was opened for travel, July 4th, 1874 ; it has a length of 1,000 feet, and a width of 
 100 feet; making it the widest bridge in the world ; it is 52 feet above mean 
 water-mark ; consists of five spans, constructed of Pratt trusses. The bridge 
 is highly ornamental ; the roadway of granite blocks, and is 67^ feet wide, the 
 side-walks, each 16^ feet wide, are paved with slate. The balustrade and cornice 
 
THE GIRARD!,! AVENUE BRIDGE. 
 
94 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 are ornamented with bronze panels representing foliage and birds ; cost, 
 $1,404 445. Under this bridge passes the river-road leading to East Park. 
 A little above, ithe Connecting Railroad-bridge, which unites the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad with the Camden and Amboy, raises its graceful and massive arches, 
 and through the rocky bluff which forms its eastern abutment, a tunnel has 
 been cut, as the only means of opening a carriage-road to the East Park. 
 The tunnel is one hundred and forty feet long, forty-one feet wide, and twenty- 
 two feet nine inches high ; and is through solid rock. It was begun Octo- 
 ber, 1870, and was open for travel in the summer of 1871, developing 
 some of the loveliest scenery in all the Park. 
 
 A number of beautiful old country seats were absorbed in this portion of the 
 grounds 5 but of the East Park we shall speak hereafter, for the present, 
 we will cross Girard Avenue Bridge to the W est Park. 
 
 Below the bridge, on the west side, is a tract of thirty-three acres, called 
 “Solitude,” and in it stands an ancient house, which is rendered historical as 
 the abode of John Penn (grandson of William Penn,) while he was Governor 
 of Pennsylvania. It was owned by his descendants until its purchase by the 
 Park Commissioners, and has been leased by them to the Zoological Society of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Beginning at “ Solitude ” and extending to Sweet Brier Mansion, is a tract 
 formerly called “ Egglesfield here, in former days (in the year 1732,) an 
 association of fishermen, styling themselves “ The Colony in Schuylkill,” 
 erected a club-house and remained in possession of it ninety years. When 
 these fishermen sat down to fish one hundred and forty-years ago, it was one 
 unbroken wilderness from there to old Independence Hall. Its site is marked 
 by the remains of a group of trees which shadowed it, and by a spring, whose 
 waters these fishermen drank, and which flows up as cold and limpid to-day, as 
 it did then, nearly a century and a half ago. 
 
 A short distance above the bridge is the Children’s Play-ground, near 
 “ Sweet Brier Mansion,” and passing this, the road enters Landsdowne con- 
 course. This point is very attractive ; on one side is the Landsdowne valley, 
 and on the other, a broad, open ground, bordered by Belmont valley, com- 
 manding a beautiful view of the Schuylkill and the opposite shore. A group 
 of pines — the survivors of twelve — stands a little further on. Here, formerly, 
 stood a stately mansion, built by John Penn, and who lived in it during the 
 revolutionary war, a struggle in which his sympathies were not with the 
 party that was finally successful, and his vast estate was sequestered in con- 
 sequence*, but his wise and just administration of the government for so long 
 a period, and the purity of his private character commanded the respect of 
 all parties. After tlie close of the revolutionary war he was visited, in this 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 95 
 
 BELMONT VALLEV. 
 
 mansion, by President Washington. He died in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, 
 and his remains were taken to England for interment. 
 
 Its last owner, prior to its purchase by the city, was the late Lord Ash- 
 burton. It was accidentally destroyed, by boys, with fireworks, celebrating 
 the Fourth of July, 1854. This noble estate of Landsdowne, extended from 
 Sweet Brier to Belmont and George’s Hill, and contained two hundred acres. 
 
 Leaving the concourse, the road skirts the base of Belmont reservoir, 
 ascends a rather steep grade and comes out on the summit of 
 
 George’s hill. 
 
 This beautiful tract of ground, containing 83 acres, was presented to the city 
 of Philadelphia by Jesse George, an aged and respected member of the Society 
 of Friends, who with his sister were then its joint owners, and whose ancestors 
 had held it for generations. This munificent gift will always bear its present 
 appellation as a standing memorial of their generosity. 
 
96 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 ^ 1 , 
 
 PAVILION, George’s hill. 
 
 This plateau is the highest natural elevation in the city, being 210 feet above 
 high-tide — with the whole view of the Centennial grounds directly before you, 
 and our beautiful city beyond. Here nature seems to have been most prodigal 
 of her gifts ; thousands of visitors attesting daily by their presence, the grand 
 attractions of the spot. Day after day may be seen thousands of visitors, 
 equestrians and pedestrians, old and young, the rich and poor, drawn thither 
 to enjoy the refreshing odor from its pastures of variegated flowers, which 
 remain in perpetuaLbloom, to delight the eyes with the marvellous beauty of 
 the landscape, to inhale the purer atmosphere amid its leafy bowers, rest their 
 wearied liiulis under the shadow of its tasteful pavilion, or imbibe the cool and 
 delightfully refreshing waters of the cold spring flowing perpetually from 
 beneath the music stand. Few carriages make the tour of the Park without 
 taking this Hill in tludr way and resting their horses on its summit, to let the 
 inmates feast their eyes on the rare combination of landscape beauties lying 
 before them. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 97 
 
 Adjoining George’s Hill is the Belmont reservoir, supplied from the works 
 on the river below. Its capacity is 36,000,000 gallons. The water-level, when 
 full, is two hundred and twelve feet above the city datum. The novel arrange- 
 ment of the reservoir, so different from that at Fairmount, attracts much atten- 
 tion, and is well worthy a visit. From the summit a fine view of the surrounding 
 Park grounds and the city is obtained. The pumping capacity is 10,000,000 
 gallons daily. 
 
 From George’s Hill, the main carriage road leaves the reservoir on the right, 
 and passes over a high plateau to Belmont. 
 
 BELMONT MANSION, 
 
 now degenerated into a restaurant, is quite an ancient building, having been 
 erected as early as 1745. It was the home of Richard Peters — the poet, the 
 patriot and jurist — during his life. Here were often congregated distinguished 
 guests — statesmen, heroes, poets and men of science. General Washington and 
 Franklin were frequent visitors, as well as Robert Morris, Jefferson and La Fay- 
 ette 5 a white walnut tree which the latter planted in 1824, is still standing. Tal- 
 leyrand and Louis Phillipe were both hospitably entertained at this mansion. 
 
 6 * 
 
98 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 The view from the hall-door is worth a journey across the continent, being one 
 uninterrupted and slowly-descending vista to the river and here, may be 
 seen, day after day, thousands of visitors drawn thither to feast their never- 
 wearying gaze on the lovely prospect before them. One of the most beautiful 
 walks in the Park extends from this point through the Belmont Glen to the 
 banks of the Schuylkill 5 and near this, on the river bank, stands an old one 
 story and a half cottage, elevated above the river-level and the road, amid de- 
 caying trees, fences and foliage, and which is known as 
 
 THE COTTAGE OF TOM MOORE, THE POET. 
 
 He had his summer residence there during his visit, in 1804, to Philadelphia; 
 and, who, notwithstanding his “ heart ached for home,” has woven the Schuyl- 
 kill and some of its beauties into his verses : 
 
 “ By the shade of yon shumach ; whose red-berry dips 
 At the gush of the fountain, how sweet to recline.” 
 
 And — 
 
 “ Alone by the Schuylkill, a wanderer roved.” 
 
 RUSTIC BRIDGE. 
 
 Leaving Belmont, the carriage-road passes over grounds which embraces 
 some of the most beautiful scenery in the Park ; at first a thick wood, which 
 borders on Belmont Glen, shuts out the view to the eastward ; passing this, 
 the open country at once bursts on the sight, broad and grand, and through 
 this noble landscape you reach 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 '99: 
 
 MOUNT PROSPECT. 
 
 This, unlike most other portions of the Park, has no historic associations ; but 
 it requires none ; it asserts the authority of its position by the magnificent 
 panorama spread out before you ; taking in the Schuylkill, under its mountain- 
 like side ; the far Delaware, mile after mile, on its long journey to the ocean ; 
 deep glens, dark woodlands, rocky ranges, villages, farm lands, the spires and 
 domes of the great city, all the broad acres of the Park, and away in the 
 dim distance, the pine forests hang a dark fringe along the horizon. 
 
 From Mount Prospect the road passes through a rather uninteresting sec- 
 tion to Chamouni, the northern limits of the W est Park ; the park road here 
 intersects the Falls road, and this takes us to the Falls Bridge, by which we 
 cross the Schuylkill to the East Park, and can continue up the river road to its 
 junction with the Wissahickon 5 but while in the East Park we will take a 
 glimpse of its beauties, leaving the Wissahickon to be described hereafter. 
 
 THE EAST PARK 
 
 was opened up to the public in the summer of 1871, by the finishing of the 
 tunnel through the solid rocky bluff just above Girard Avenue Bridge 5 giving 
 one of the most beautiful and longest driving roads of any park in the world. 
 Starting at the Green street entrance, and continuing on the main drive to the 
 Lincoln Monument, turning to the left for the river road, passing the many 
 splendid boat houses of the Schuylkill Navy, the beautiful river on your left, 
 and the bluffs of “The Hills” on your right, under the bridge, through the 
 tunnel, and you are in the newest and grandest portion of Fairmount — known 
 as East Park. It embraces a series of estates — among others. Fountain Green, 
 Mount Pleasant, Rockland, Ormiston, Woodford and Strawberry Mansion j 
 they lie in successive tracts along the river, terminating at Laurel Hill. 
 
 East Park has the advantage over the West Park in its splendid and com- 
 manding views of the river and a more absolutely natural condition 5 the 
 thickets remaining, and a greater wealth of flowers in the woods and valleys. 
 Among the many attractions, are the splendid trees on the Rockland estate ; the 
 grand ravine, and a splendid view of the river, which once seen, will not soon 
 be forgotten by any true lover of nature. 
 
 Mount Pleasant, is the most noted mansion in the East Park, and was 
 built by John Macpherson, 1761, and occupied by him until 1779. His son, 
 William, was born in Philadelphia in 1756, and at thirteen years of age was a 
 cadet in the army of His Majesty, George III. Early in the Revolution he 
 tendered his commission, declaring he would never serve against his country- 
 men ; it was accepted, and he joined the Continental troops ; was made a 
 major-brevet, and stood high in the confidence of Washington. He is famous 
 as the organizer and commander of “ Macpherson’s Blues ” in the insurrection 
 of 1794. 
 
100 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Benedict Arnold was the next possessor of Mount Pleasant, who from his 
 pride and extravagance, both here and in the city, was reduced to treason of 
 the vilest kind. 
 
 But the mansion has its bright as well as its gloomy memories ; for if Bene- 
 dict Arnold once darkened its walls, they were afterwards brightened by the 
 majestic form of General Von Steuben, known with us as the Baron Steuben. 
 
 Leaving Mount Pleasant, passing Cold Spring, and with glimpses of the 
 iSchuylkill — in the transparent clearness of which the sky is reflected as in a 
 mirror — the arched bridges, the picturesque grouping of the trees, the undu- 
 lating sweep of the ground, and the spirit of tranquility which broods over 
 the woods and waters, and imparts its sweetness around, we arrive at 
 
 ROCKLAND. 
 
 Here we have nature in her sterner mood, just as she came from the Crea- 
 tor’s hand, in all her original magnificence. The huge rocks and boulders 
 which serve to heighten the wildness of its beauty, stand to-day, as they did 
 when hurled by some great convulsion of nature, piled high towards the sky, 
 into their rural resting place. Let us climb to the highest summit and feast 
 our eyes on the glorious river before us. Here are the small steamers and 
 
 MOUNT PLEASANT MANSION. 
 
FAIRMOUNT, AT ROCKLAND. 
 
 yachts, carrying their heavy freight of humanity, landing their passengers on 
 the pier below. Up they swarm like bees in a hive, to enjoy a merry day at 
 Rockland; for this is a spot set apart for the poor people’s excursions, given 
 at the expense of the charitable and wealthy citizens of our city. 
 
 ’U e now stroll from Rockland along the river, passing Peter’s Island and 
 Ormiston. The river bank has changed its character; instead of being a 
 precipitous height, as we saw it at Rockland, it rolls away in gentle slopes. 
 
 We have left huge trees behind us, but they are dwarfed to those we are 
 now approaching— poplars, oaks, pines, chestnuts, to whose trunks and 
 branches great vines are clinging, as if to tether them to the earth. We 
 pass many shady nooks, wherein we see pedestrians resting themselves, 
 and partaking of their luncheon, with which they had happily provided 
 
102 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 themselves, and reach the grand ravine which runs between Ormiston and 
 Edgeley, and is perhaps the most striking feature in the Park. Fairmount, 
 we may mention here, is rich in ravines, among which should be mentioned 
 those at Belmont, Sweet Brier and Landsdowne. W e may now emerge from 
 the ravine near the new reservoir, and after taking a look at this immense new 
 structure, we find ourselves on the green carpet of Edgeley. Here one of the most 
 magnificent views in the Park is to be obtained 5 a better view of the Schuyl- 
 kill than any we yet have had ; looking down the river, we behold in the 
 distance, the Centennial Buildings 5 up the river, we take in its broad lake- 
 like sweep, and the slopes along the western bank, stretching onward until 
 they are lost in the summit of Mount Prospect ; and on the other side of the 
 river we see the white monuments of Laurel Hill — the city of the dead. W e 
 climb up Strawberry Heights and reach the mansion — now a restaurant — we 
 stroll to the edge of the bluff, and leaning against the rustic railing, look sheer 
 down on the drive below ; carriages dash up and down, horsemen canter, and 
 along the grassy border, we see the moving figures of men, women and child- 
 ren ; the outlook is magnificent •, the eye takes in at one sweep the Schuylkill, 
 the concourse, Peter’s Island, and the banks on both sides, with all their 
 wealth of forest and shrubbery ; and while taking in this enormous vista of 
 romantic beauty, let us hearken to the strains of delicious music, wafted to us 
 by the gentle breezes, from the band of musicians which are stationed here 
 two or three afternoons of each week. 
 
 Leaving Strawberry Heights by the main drive, for the Wissahickon, we 
 reach en route “ The Falls,” a name now applied to a village, but in former 
 days, before the Fairmount dam was built, the name of a natural cascade. 
 A projecting ledge of rock at this point extended two-thirds of the distance 
 across the river, forming a dam, and in seasons of high water it made a 
 splendid display. 
 
 The Falls is now the great stopping place for boating parties, where cat-fish 
 suppers and lighter refreshments are taken. 
 
 A little above the Falls, young La Fayette, so successfully manoeuvred his 
 forces as to out-general the British under General Grant, and succeeded in 
 executing a masterly retreat, all he could do under the circumstances. 
 
 THE WISSAHICKON. 
 
 Our delightful Park cannot merely boast of a picturesque river — the Schuyl- 
 kill rolling through it — but it embraces one of the wildest and most romantic 
 streams at present known to the lovers of the grand, the wild and enchanting 
 in nature — the Wissahickon 5 taking its course by a path, worn through 
 precipitous forests, crowned and rock-bound hills, till it originally joined the 
 Schuylkill, by a fall of some twenty feet. It fascinated the eye of the earliest 
 pioneers of this locality. The Riverside Mansion now stands near the spot 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 103 
 
 where the cascade first made its descent. Its hills have echoed the Indian 
 war-whoop, and reverberated with canonading of the conflicting armies of the 
 Revolution in 1777, and with the sharp crack of the riflemen, “ or green 
 shirts,” as Washington named them ; and subsequently, the same rocks and 
 hills have replied to the merry laugh of picnicers, boating parties, or the 
 jingling and the whirl of “ the merry sleigh,” and the freight of happy hearts, 
 whose cry at the start was — 
 
 “ Hoa’ ! for the Wissahickon ; 
 
 The dance and the stewed chicken.” 
 
 The quiet beauties of the stream are only equalled by those of the drives and 
 pathways, the tributary and trickling brooks, and its sites of historical and 
 romantic interest. 
 
 This romantic stream, still retains its Indian name, or rather names, for it 
 had two, each equally descriptive — Wisamickan, cat-fish creek; Wisauckhickan, 
 yellow-colored stream. 
 
 The first place you reach, after entering the Wissahickon road at the 
 “Falls,” is Wissahickon Hall, a place of considerable resort; refreshments 
 and “cat-fish and coffee” at all seasons. A short distance further on is a 
 second restaurant — The Maple Spring — an abode consecrated by the residence 
 of an oddity ; a self-taught sculptor, and a natural jack-of-all-trades ; and who 
 has converted the place into a kind of Prospero’s grotto. His museum con- 
 tains a collection of very grotesque figures of beasts, birds, animals and ser- 
 pents ; these are all the uncut roots of the laurel ; in every gnarled root the 
 prolific fancy of the artist sees a goblin or a caricature. Lopping the ofishoots 
 
 here and there, mounting the speci- 
 men, and brightening it up with 
 varnish, the senseless wood is 
 changed into a form of art. As the 
 result of this singular industry, con- 
 tinued over many years, the saloon 
 is thronged with an infinity of the 
 strangest creatures. 
 
 Row-boats are for hire here, as 
 also at the lower hall, and are in 
 constant request for a row on the 
 romantic stream. 
 
 “The Hermit’s Well,” dug by the 
 hands of the religious enthusiast and 
 wanderer, Kelpius — the founder of 
 a peculiar sect, is outside the Park limits ; it is reached by crossing a bridge above 
 Maple Spring, and passing along a lane which ascends through the woods. 
 
 SCENE ON THE WISSAHICKON. 
 
104 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Johann Kelpius emigrated from Germany to Pennsylvania in 1694, and with 
 him forty others ; they settled on the Kidge, the range of hills on the west bank 
 of the Wissahickon, and called themselves the Society of the Woman in the 
 Wilderness. Kelpius was their leader and believed he would not die before he saw 
 the millennium. But he was mistaken. He died in 1708. Three of his fol- 
 lowers — the rest having disbanded — were afterwards known as the Hermits of 
 the Kidge, and continued to live in their caves, awaiting the sign and visible pres- 
 ence, until death claimed them. 
 
 A short distance above the bridge which crosses the Hermit’s Lane, and also 
 on the opposite bank of the stream, is a high bluflF 5 the rock which rises from 
 this blulF is called the Lover’s Leap. It overlooks a wild gorge and stands two 
 hundred feet above the surface of the stream. On the face of the rock is an illegi- 
 ble Latin inscription, said to have been cut by Kelpius. It is the scene of one 
 of the numerous traditions which survive here. 
 
 Following the main road a short distance further on we reach a bend in the 
 stream ; here it is joined by a creek, Paper-Mill Kun, which is scarcely less pictur- 
 esque in places than the AVissahickon. It joins the latter by a series of water- 
 falls. The lower of these has a perpendicular descent of about twenty feet. 
 Near it stands the old house in which David Rittenhouse was born, and near 
 its source, the first paper-mill in America, was erected by his ancestors in 1690. 
 
 Beyond these points, the road 
 reaches a bridge — the Red Bridge — 
 over which it crosses to the opposite 
 bank of the stream. About a mile 
 further, another road leaves the Park 
 road and crossing the stream by a 
 bridge takes you to the Monastery. 
 When and by whom it was erected 
 antiquarians are not agreed. It ap- 
 pears to have been built about 1750. 
 It stands on high ground on the 
 brow of a hill, with a range of hills 
 towering above it. A lane winds 
 round the bend of the bluff, and 
 climbing its steep side, forms in 
 front, a semi-circular lawn. The outlook here, and the uplook from the 
 romantic dell below, are magnificent. In the valley below (Willow Glen) 
 there is a spot known as the Baptistery. Here the monks immersed their con- 
 verts. A yard, in the rear of the dwelling, was used by them for the burial of 
 their deafl. 
 
 THE WISSAHICKON AT ALLAN’s LANE. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 105 
 
 A mile further, on the west bank, are the caves, which are situated in a 
 lovely valley formed by the junction of a small stream with the Wissahickon. 
 The most remarkable of them was excavated by miners seeking for treasures 5 
 the other caves are natural, and were perhaps holes for bears and foxes, and 
 possibly the resort of Indians. A short distance beyond — three and a half 
 
 SCENE ON THE WISSAHICKON. 
 
 arrive at 
 
 miles above its mouth — the stream 
 is crossed by a beautiful structure 
 called the Pipe Bridge, nearly seven 
 hundred feet long and one hundred 
 feet above the creek. It is iron 
 throughout, except the bases of the 
 piers, which are set in masonry, and 
 is a model of grace and strength. It 
 conveys the water supply from the 
 Roxborough to Mount Airy reser- 
 voir at Germantown. A hundred 
 yards above this, a wooden bridge 
 spans the river. Crossing this bridge, 
 turning to the left and following a 
 pathway a short distance, you 
 
 THE devil’s pool. 
 
 where Lime-rock, or Cresheim Creek comes sighing down, forming a mirror- 
 like basin reflecting every object near 5 upon moonlight nights, nothing can 
 equal the numerous fairy-like figures and grotesque outlines and shadows that 
 play in the silent and fantastic light — bringing to mind the lines of Douglas, 
 in Rev. Dr. Homes’ good old play : 
 
 “How sweet and solemn is this midnight scene 
 The silver moon unclouded holds her way, 
 
 Through skies, where I could count each little star. 
 
 The fanning west wind scarcely stirs the leaves ; 
 
 And the river rushing on its pebble-bed. 
 
 Imposes silence with a stilly sound ; 
 
 At such a place as this, and such an hour — 
 
 If ancestry can be in aught believed. 
 
 Descending spirits have conversed with man. 
 
 And told the secrets of the world unknown.” 
 
 It was the scene of an engagement during the battle of Germantown, and its 
 waters once was dyed red with blood ; a portion of the earthworks used in the 
 engagement may still be seen in close proximity. 
 
 We now reach 
 
 VALLEY GREEN. 
 
 Here the hills open out into the sunlight, and a stone bridge with strong buttresses 
 
106 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 winds across the stream. The bridge has only one arch, and its reflection is so 
 perfect on fine days that we see an entire oval of masonry instead of a single 
 arch. The hotel here is a favorite stopping place for the famed Wissahickon 
 cat-fish suppers 5 and further up — 
 
 “’Mid rocks and ferns — ” 
 and over an ice-cold spring, ^ 
 
 “ The pro-bono publico ” 
 
 FOUNTAIN, 
 
 the generous gift of Mr Cook and Mr. Magarge, to the Park Commission- 
 ers. Long may they live to see its waters flow — and read their motto, “ Pro- 
 bono publico.” This is the first drinking fountain erected in Philadelphia, it 
 bears date of 1854 . 
 
 Proceeding a short distance through a deeper and more mountainous and 
 romantic course of the stream, we reach a point of celebrity, known as 
 
 “ INDIAN ROCK,” 
 
 the abode and hunting-grounds of the last tribe of the Indian race in this 
 region. Upon a lofty and peculiarly-shaped rock is seen the figure of their 
 <jhief, Todyascuny, or Todawskim, who with the remains of his people, left for 
 the hunting-grounds of the West above an hundred years ago*, but although 
 the old chief became debased and grasping by the use of the “ firewater,” he 
 did not like Cooper’s Wyandotte with the rifle in his hands, and venge in his 
 eye fight for the grounds of his fathers. On the site of one of the wigwams 
 stands Land’s favorite retreat 5 and continuing upward, while each view is 
 « “Ever cbarming, ever new,” 
 
 we emerge from a most romantic pilgrimage to the open and fertile grounds of 
 
 CHESTNUT HILL ; 
 
 pausing and feeling as though we had just awakened from a dream of en- 
 chantment, as we 
 
 “ Cast a longing, lingering look behind.” 
 
 The visitor can pass around by a road from the east to 
 
 GERMANTOWN, 
 
 one of our Pennsylvania’s earliest settlement ; famed for its first paper mills 
 and early manufactures, and the site of a fierce and decisive battle in the Revo- 
 lution. Chew’s House on Main street, where the principal fighting took place, 
 is still standing and can be seen by the visitor. Germantown was 
 the summer abode of George Washington, while President. This build- 
 ing is still standing on Germantown avenue, opposite Mill Lane ; he frequently 
 desired to be driven around the Wissahickon, to some of his former favorite 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 107 
 
 spots on the Schuylkill 5 above the first mansion the visitor meets was a shelv- 
 ing or projecting rock, upon which he would place himself to view the scenery 
 above and below. 
 
 Germantown, like Chestnut Hill and West Philadelphia, is at present one of 
 the most beautiful branches of our great city, being ornamented with some of 
 the most beautiful seats of some of our wealthiest citizens, fine academies, 
 and an opera house. 
 
 HOLMESBURG, 
 
 A most healthful and fertile suburb of our city, a few miles out. It con- 
 tains “ Spring Brook Mansion,” the splendid property of the late Edwin 
 Forrest — America’s greatest actor — and which is by his munificent will, a 
 home for decayed actors ; where the care-worn sons and daughters of Thespus 
 can 
 
 “ End their parts in peace.” 
 
 Holmesburg, likewise, contains many other prominent institutions, among 
 which is the new ‘‘House of Correction,” on a salubrious and large tract of 
 land fronting the Delaware river. 
 
 Washington’s camp ground, at valley forge, on the Schuylkill. 
 
 No visitor should leave Philadelphia without viewing the hallowed scene of 
 patriotic fortitude, privation and suffering, terminating in — to use the words 
 of Bryant — 
 
 “The victory of endurance borne.” 
 
 It was here, where a wealthy royalist and inveterate tory, who had labored 
 hard to get some of our starving soldiers hanged for attempting to forage 5 by 
 chance, while playing the spy, discovered in a retired spot General Washing- 
 ton on his knees devoutly praying, at which impressed sight be became 
 a convert, and a valuable friend to our cause. Valley Forge is about twenty 
 miles from Philadelphia. 
 
DISTANCES PROM FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS 
 
 To Girard Avenue Bridge 1 mile. 
 
 “ Landsdowne Entrance 1|- “ 
 
 “ Landsdowne 2^ miles. 
 
 “ George’s Hill, direct “ 
 
 “ “ “ via Belmont “ 
 
 ‘‘ Belmont, direct “ 
 
 “ “ via George’s Hill 4^ “ 
 
 Mount Prospect, via Belmont 4 ^ 
 
 ‘‘ “ “ George’s Hill 5f 
 
 “ The Falls, via River Road 4J “ 
 
 “ “ “ George’s Hill 6^ “ 
 
 The Wissahickon, via River Road 5J “ 
 
 “ “ “ “ George’s Hill 7^ 
 
 “ “ “ “ East Bank 4 “ 
 
 From the Falls to Wissahickon 1 mile. 
 
 To Maple Spring Hotel 1^ “ 
 
 “ The Pipe Bridge 4 } miles. 
 
 “ Valley Green 4| “ 
 
 ‘‘ The First Fountain 51 ‘‘ 
 
 “ Indian Rock 5|- “ 
 
 “ Thorp’s Mill Road... 7 “ 
 
 “ Chestnut Hill 7^ 
 
 108 
 
1776 
 
 p«ppl« to 
 cal band 
 Btciedtb 
 •oidtoai 
 
 WHEN. IN 
 
 lh« course of human 
 it baoomes neceMary for OB* 
 diaeoWa the politi 
 0 which 
 
 of the • 
 and equ 
 
 the opinions of mankind requires that 
 they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. ~We 
 
 u «ti ..-3 created equalj that they are « 
 
 to wbioh 
 e and of 
 tie them, a 
 
 hold these truths to be self«eTident. that all i 
 
 mongth 
 arth the 
 al statioQ 
 of natur 
 Ood enti 
 aspect to 
 
 PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS.— THAT TO 
 
 are instituted iimong men, deriving their Just powers from the consent 
 
 OF THE GOVEHNED.-THAT WHENEVER ANY FORM OF GOVERNMENT BECOMES 
 
 PROCLAIM LIBERTY THROUGHOUT ALL THE LAND TO ALL 
 
 DESTRUCTIVE OF THESE ENDS, IT IS THE RIGHT OP THE PEOPLE TO ALTER OR 
 
 to abolish it, and to institute a new Government, laying its foundation on 
 
 such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their 
 SAFETY AND HAPPINESS.-PRUDENCE, INDEED, WILL DICTATE THAT GOVERN 
 ments long established, should not be changed for light and transient 
 CAUSES; AND, ACCORDINGLY, ALL EXPERIENCE HATH SHOWN, THAT MANKIND ARE 
 
 BY ORDER OF THE ASSEMBLY OF THE PROVINCE OF PENNS 
 
 MORE DISPOSED TO SUFFER. WHILE EVILS ARE SUFFERABLE. THAN TO RIGHT THEM 
 
 selves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But, when a 
 
 long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing infariablj the same object, erinces a design to reduce 
 them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such OoTcrnment, and 
 to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies 
 and such is now the necessity which con D U I I A HA them to alter their former systems 
 
 of Government. The history of the pre r n I brv U ggjjt king of Great Britain is a history of 
 repeated injuries and usarpatlons, all hav |*| ing, in direct object, the establishment of an 
 
 absolute tyranny over these States. To pro nrl UO V L.1 1 1 fe this, let facts be submitted to a candid 
 
 world,— He has refused bit assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.— He has 
 forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless su^Mnded in their 
 operation till his assent should be obtained; and, when so suspended, he has utterly negW'ted to attend 
 to them.— He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those 
 people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature; a right inestimable to them, and for 
 midable to tyrants only. —He has cal 1^ together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and die 
 iantfrom the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his 
 measures.— He has dissolved Repreien tative Houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions 
 on the rights ofthepeople.— He hasrefu sed for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be 6lecte4 
 
 whereby the legislative p>owers. incapa ble of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their ex 
 
 ercise; the state remaining in the mean time exposed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convulsions 
 within. — Ha has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose, obstructing the laws for 
 BaiuralizatioD of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions 
 of now appropriat'ons of lands. — Ho has o bstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for esta 
 bl'iahing judiciary powers.— He hat made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their ofl^ces, and the 
 amount and payment of their salaries. —He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers 
 to harass our people, and oat out their sub stance. — He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without 
 the consent of our Legislature. — He has affb cted to render the military independent of, and superior to. the civil power 
 He bM combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws 
 giving hit assent to their Acts of pretended Leg isiation.— Forquarteringlargebodiesof armedtroops among us.— For protect 
 log them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States 
 For cutting oflT our trad# with all parU of the world. For imposing taxes onus without our consent,— For depriving us, in many 
 cases. of the benefits of trial by jury,— For transport ing us beyond seas to be tried for pretended ofiTences.— For aboliehing the free 
 system of English Laws in a neighboring Province establishing therein an arbitrary Government, and enlarging its boundaries.so 
 as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies. — For taking away 
 our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering, fundamentally, the powers of our Governments. — For suspending our 
 own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.— He has abdicated Govern 
 ment here, by declaring us out of his protection, and wag ing war against us. — Be has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our 
 towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.— He, ie at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of 
 death, and tyranny, already begun vrith circums tances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and 
 
 - ... .L - » . « « . ... r fellow-citizens taken captive on the high 
 
 fall themselves by their hands. — He ha 
 
 tingu^hed detraction of all age. sexe, and conditions.— In every stage of these oppresioi 
 
 petitions have been answered only by repeated injury.— A prince whose character , — ^ . 
 
 to O0 the ruler of a free people. — Nor have we been wanting in atten tion to our British brethren. — We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts made 
 by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. ' ... . a - * 
 
 ne have appealt*d to their native justice and magna 
 
 dred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our 
 sugoiDit^— We must, therefore, acquieece in the necessity which deooun 
 Representatives of the United Sutee of Ameri 
 OP OUR INTENTIONS. DO, IN THE NAME, AND BY THE A 
 
 declare, that these United Colonies are, and of right 
 
 I British Crown, and that all political connection between th 
 
 loaependent Sutes.tbey have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract 
 
 We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here 
 
 nimitY, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kin 
 
 connections and correspondence. — They, too. have been deaf to the voice of justice and con 
 ces onr eeparation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peai^ 
 General ConereM assembled, appealing^to the Supreme Judge of the World for the re^ 
 EOPLE OF THESE COLONIES, SOLEMNLY PUBLISH 
 
 UTHORITY OF THE GOOD PEOP , . 
 
 ought to be. Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from 
 
 em and the State of Great Britain. is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as Free and 
 alliances, eetablisb comBsarc** to do all ct^r Acts and things which ladepsndeni otates 
 may of rig 
 htdo. And 
 for the sup 
 Mrtofthis be 
 claration, with 
 a firm reliance 
 on the protection 
 ofDivine Providene 
 s, we mutually pie 
 
 
 1876 
 
 
 
ommtsaion, 
 
 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, Connecticut. 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
 
 ORESTES CLEVELAND, THOMAS H. COLDWELL, 
 
 JOHN D. CREIGH, JOHN McNEIL, 
 
 ROBERT LOWRY, WILLIAM GURNEY. 
 
 DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Ohio. 
 
 SECRETARY. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. 
 
 JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Indiana. MYER ASCH, DORSEY GARDNER. 
 
 COUNSELLOR AND SOLICITOR. 
 
 JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Esq., Philadelphia. 
 
 Executive Pommittee. 
 
 DANIEL J. MORRELL, Chairman, Penna , 
 ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Ohio, 
 
 N. M. BECKWITH, New York, 
 ALEXANDER R. BOTELER, W. Virginia, 
 RICHARD C. MCCORMICK, Arizona, 
 
 JOHN LYNCH, Louisiana, 
 
 CHARLES P. KIxMBALL, Maine, 
 
 SAMUEL F. PHILLIPS, North Carolina, 
 GEORGE B. LORING, Massachusetts, 
 FREDERICK L. MATTHEWS, Illinois, 
 WM. PHIPPS BLAKE, Connecticut, 
 
 J. T. BERNARD, Florida, 
 
 JAMES E. DEXTER, Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 J. R. HAWLEY, Pres., ex officio. 
 
 PHIEFS OP pUREAUS. 
 
 FOREIGN director-general. 
 
 Direction of the foreign representation, MYER ASCH. 
 
 INSTALLATION 
 
 Classification of applications for space — allotment of space in Main Building — 
 supervision of special structures, HENRY PETTIT. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION 
 
 Foreign transportation for goods and visitors— transportation for goods and 
 visitors in the United States— local transportation— warehousing and customs 
 regulations, DOLPHUS TORREY. 
 
 MACHINERY:— 
 
 Superintendence of the Machinery Departments and building, including allot- 
 ment of space to Exhibitors, JOHN S. ALBERT. 
 
 AGRICULTURE:— 
 
 Superintendence of the Agricultural Department, building, and grounds, 
 including allotment of space to Exhibitors, BURNET LANDRETH. 
 
 HORTICULTURE:— 
 
 Superintendence of Horticultural Department, Conservatory and grounds, 
 including allotment of space to Exhibitors, CHARLES H. MILLER. 
 
 FINE ARTS:— 
 
 Superintendence of the Fine Art Department and building, including allots 
 ment of space to Exhibitors, JOHN SARTAIN. 
 
 JJ. p. pOYERNMENT pOARD. 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT— ORDNANCE BUREAU. 
 
 Col. S. C. LYFORD, Chairman. 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Hon. R. W. TAYLER, 
 
 Ist Controller of the Treasury. 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Admiral THORNTON A. JENKINS, 
 U. S. Navy. 
 
 INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Hon JOHN EATON, 
 Commissioner of Education. 
 
 POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Dr CHAS. F. MCDONALD. 
 
 Chief of Money Order Department. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 WM. SAUNDERSj 
 
 Superintendent of Propagating Garden. 
 
 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 
 
 Prof. S. F. BAIRD, 
 
 Assistant Secretary of tbe Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution and U. S. Fishery Commissioner. 
 WM. A. DeCAINDRY, Secretary. 
 
 no 
 
Xh <jROr>l)S AM) \ I< IMT\ 
 
 SnONVINC 
 
 
 DIMENSION OF BUILDINGS. 
 
 1 MAIN BUILDING MWJ //JV f 
 
 2 MACHINERY BUILDING tfOS - .UIN 
 
 3 ART GALLERY Hi.) . ZtO 
 
 HORTICUnURAI HAll 
 
 5 AGRICULTURAL BUILDING >^30 
 
 V AGRU 
 
 RE^EREN^ES. 
 
 
 
 
 Airry lirult/r 
 
 
THE 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
 
 PEESIDENT, 
 
 JOHN WELSH, Philadelphia. 
 
 VICE-PEESIDENTS, 
 
 WILLIAM SELLERS, Philadelphia, 
 
 JOHN S. BARBOUR, Virginia. 
 
 SECEETAEY AND TEBASUEEE, 
 
 FREDERICK FRALEY, Philadelphia. 
 
 ADDITOE, FINANCIAL AGENT, 
 
 HENRY S. LANSING. Hon. WM. BIGLER. 
 
 DIEECTOES, 
 
 Samuel M. Felton, Daniel M. Fox, Thomas Cochran, Clement M. 
 Biddle, N. Parker Shortridge, James M. Robb, Edward T. Steel, John 
 Wanamaker, John Price Wetherill, Henry Winsor, Henry Lewis, Amos 
 R. Little, John Baird, of Philadelphia; Thomas H. Dudley, of New Jersey; 
 A. S. Hewitt, of New York; John Cummings, of Massachusetts ; John Gor- 
 ham, of Rhode Island; Charles W. Cooper, William Bigler, of Pennsyl- 
 vania; Robert M. Patton, of Alabama; J. M. Drake, of Illinois; George 
 Bain, of Missouri. 
 
 Tk BnilillDi Committee of tie ExliMtioD BailfliDgs. 
 
 THOMAS COCHRAN, Chairman. 
 JOHN BAIRD, 
 
 CLEMENT M. BIDDLE, 
 
 WM. SELLERS, 
 SAMUEL M. FELTON, 
 JAMES M. ROBB. 
 
 Tie Centennial Bnrean of Reyenne. 
 
 John Wanamaker, Chair’n, Phila. 
 William Bigler, Fin. Ag’t, Penn’ a. 
 Edmund T. Steel, Philadelphia. 
 Amos R. Little, “ 
 
 Clement M. Biddle, “ 
 
 Daniel M. Fox, “ 
 
 James M. Robb, 
 John Baird, 
 
 C. B. 
 
 Tiios. H. Dudley, 
 John Cummings, 
 William L. Strong, 
 George Bain, , 
 Norton, Secretary. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 u 
 
 New Jersey. 
 Massachusetts. 
 New York. 
 Missouri. 
 
112 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 
 
 FAIRMOUNT PARK, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 The International Exhibition or 1876 originated in an Act of the Con- 
 gress of the United States, passed March 3d, 1871. This Act recited that the 
 Declaration of Independence, which gave existence to the United States of 
 America, was prepared, signed, and promulgated in the city of Philadelphia ; 
 and that it behooved the people of the United States to celebrate, by appropri- 
 ate ceremonies, at its birthplace, the Centennial Anniversary of this memorial 
 and decisive event ; and it was deemed fitting, by the Congress, that the man- 
 ner of its celebration should be an exhibition of the natural resources of the 
 country and their development, and of its progress in those arts which benefit 
 mankind in comparison with those of older nations. 
 
 They therefore decreed that an exhibition of American and foreign arts, 
 products, and manufactures should be held, under the auspices of the Govern- 
 ment of the United States, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen 
 hundred and seventy-six. 
 
 For the convenience of foreign exhibitors, the following act, June 28, 1874, 
 in relation to duties, was passed by Congress : — All articles which shall be 
 imported for the sole purpose of exhibition at the International Exhibition, to 
 be held in the City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy- 
 six, shall be admitted without the payment of duty or of customs fees, or 
 charges, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall describe ; 
 Provided^ That all such articles as shall be sold in the United States or with- 
 drawn for consumption therein, at any time after such importation, shall be 
 subject to the duties, if any, imposed on like articles by the revenue laws in 
 force at the date of importation; And provided further^ That in case any 
 articles imported under the provisions of this act shall be withdrawn for con- 
 sumption or shall be sold without payment of duty, as required by law, all the 
 penalties prescribed by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced against 
 such articles and against the persons who may be guilty of such withdrawal 
 or sale. 
 
nyji'm i¥i 
 
 CENTENNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION 
 
LIDRARY 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 II3 
 
 EyjxBiTioN Opens May 10th and Closes November 10th, 1876. 
 
 'The Exhibition buildings are located in Fairmount Park, which adjoins the 
 built-up portions of Philadelphia on the north-western border. 
 
 They are situated on some of the most beautiful spots on the western 
 banks of the Schuylkill river, groves of stately trees surrounding them, splendid 
 views of river and landscape being afforded. These buildings stand from 112 
 feet to 120 above the highest tide-water level in the Delaware river, and fully 
 that height above the Schuylkill. 
 
 Girard avenue, one of the chief streets of Philadelphia, leads directly from 
 the city to the entrance of the Main Exhibition Building. This is a broad 
 highway 100 feet in width, crossing the Schuylkill river upon the magnificent 
 iron bridge seen in the background of the frontispiece. 
 
 The reservation of ground, exclusively for exhibition purposes, embraces 236 
 acres, in addition to which there are other enclosures for the display of live 
 stock. The buildings are located mainly in a group, separated by convenient 
 distances. From the summit of George’s Hill — the point of view taken in the 
 frontispiece — where they are seen to great advantage, extends the Machinery 
 Hall, and beyond, the long glass and iron walls of the Main Exhibition Build- 
 ing — together nearly four thousand feet in an almost continuous line. South 
 of the Machinery Hall is the structure for the officers of the Board of Finance. 
 Intermediate between the two great buildings will be the jury-rooms of the Com- 
 mission. Northward, and mid-way of the great Exhibition Building, stands 
 the National Memorial, in which will be placed the art exhibits of the exhibi- 
 tion ; its granite walls crowned with its iron dome and colossal figure of 
 Columbia. Northward still, and beyond, a ravine shadowed by lofty forest 
 trees, bold and clear in the sunlight, the Conservatory rises, overlooking the 
 green meadows and the Schuylkill river. Still beyond, and separated by a 
 second ravine, near a grove of cedars, in harmony with its Gothic character, is 
 located the building for Agriculture. The space lying between the Machinery 
 Hall, the Conservatory and the foot of the hill is laid out as the garden of the 
 Exhibition. This garden displays in its arrangement two leading features, 
 the first an avenue — Fountain avenue — extending from the Conservatory to 
 the foot of the hill, intersected by a Park drive — Belmont avenue. The four 
 blocks or angles formed by this intersection are arranged as follows : the block 
 
 7 * 
 
114 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 embraced by the hill, Belmont avenue and Fountain avenue is occupied by 
 the buildings for the various States — the British and other buildings for Foreign 
 Commissioners and the United States Government. The block bounded by 
 Fountain avenue and Machinery Hall displays as its distinctive feature an 
 artificial lake. Beyond the Park drive on the north side of Fountain avenue 
 is erected the building for the Women’s Department, and south of Fountain 
 avenue, and east of Belmont avenue, the building of the Japanese Commission. 
 The statuary for the National Demonstration has two leading features here, 
 the Centennial fountain, on Fountain avenue near the foot of the hill, and the 
 Columbus Monument near the intersection of Fountain and Belmont avenues. 
 The Centennial Fountain is the centre of a radius of avenues, the principal 
 two of which are the Fountain avenue and avenue of the Republic, extending 
 along the north side of the Main Exhibition Building and Machinery Hall to 
 the Art Gallery. 
 
 The articles to be exhibited have been classified in seven departments, 
 which, for the most part, are located in appropriate buildings, whose several 
 areas are as follows : 
 
 ACRES 
 
 DEPARTMENTS. BUILDINGS. COVERED. 
 
 1. Mining and Metallurgy 1 
 
 2. Manufactures > Main Building 213^ 
 
 3. Education and Science ) 
 
 4. Art Art Gallery 13^ 
 
 5. Machinery Machinery Building 14 
 
 6. Agriculture Agricultural Building 103^^ 
 
 7. Horticulture Horticultural Building 13^ 
 
 Total 48% 
 
 In addition to the 48| acres covered by the five principal buildings, 
 there will be other buildings, covering about 26 acres, thus making a total of 
 about 75 acres ; twenty-five acres more than were at Vienna — the largest 
 International Exhibition yet held. 
 
 THE MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING. 
 
 This building is located immediately east of the intersection of Belmont and 
 Elm avenues, on the Lansdowne plateau. It stands 170 feet back from the 
 north side of Elm avenue — the Park boundary line — the area between the 
 building and the avenue being for special products, which may be exhibited in 
 the open air. 
 
 The building is in the form of a parallelogram, running east and west, 1880 
 feet long, and north and south, 464 feet wide. The larger portion is one story 
 high, the interior height being 70 feet, and the cornice on the outside being 45 
 feet from the ground. At the centre of the longer sides are projections 416 feet 
 in length, and on the ends of the building, projections 216 feet in length. In 
 these, which are in the centre of the four sides, are located the main entrances, 
 
I 
 
 
 LIDRARY 
 
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AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 115 
 
 which are provided with arcades upon the ground floor, and central facades 90 
 feet high. The east entrance will form the principal approach for carriages, 
 visitors alighting at the doors of the building under the cover of the arcades. 
 The south entrance will be the principal approach from railway cars. The 
 west entrance opens upon the main passage-way to two principal buildings, the 
 Machinery and Agricultural Halls, and the north entrance to Memorial Hall 
 (Art Gallery.) Between the latter and the Main Building there is a space of 
 300 feet in width, which is ornamentally treated as ground for special purposes. 
 
 Towers 75 feet in height rise at each corner of the building, and between the 
 towers and central projections or entrances, there is a low roof introduced, 
 showing a cornice at 24 feet above the ground. In order to obtain a central 
 feature, the roof for 184 feet square at the centre, has been raised above the sur- 
 rounding portion, and four towers 48 feet square, rising to 120 feet high, are 
 introduced into the corners of this elevated roof. This gives ventilation as well 
 as ornament. The Main Building gives 936,008 square feet of surface, or nearly 
 21 j acres. 
 
 Its ground plan shows a central avenue 120 feet in width, and 1,832 feet in 
 length, which is the longest avenue of that width ever introduced into an exhi- 
 bition building. On either side of this is another avenue of equal length, and 
 100 feet wide. Between the central and side avenues are aisles 48 feet wide, 
 and on the outer sides of the building smaller aisles of 24 feet width. To 
 break the great length of the roof-lines three transepts have been introduced, 
 of the same widths and in the same relative positions to each other as the lon- 
 gitudinal avenues. These cross the building, and are 416 feet in length. The 
 intersections of these various avenues make at the centre of the building nine 
 spaces, free from supports, which are from 100 feet to 120 feet square, and 
 which aggregate 416 feet square. The general elevation of the roofs of all these 
 avenues varies from 45 feet to 70 feet. 
 
 The building rests upon the ground, the land having been thoroughly graded 
 and prepared. The foundations consist of piers of masonry, the superstructure 
 being composed of wrought-iron columns, placed 24 feet apart, which support 
 iron roof-trusses. There are 672 of these columns in the entire structure, the 
 shortest being 23 feet and the longest 125 feet long. Their aggregate weight 
 is 2,200,000 pounds. The roof-trusses and girders weigh 5,000,000 pounds. 
 The sides of the building, to 7 feet, above the ground, are finished with brick- 
 work in panels between the columns. Above this there are glazed sashes. 
 The roof-covering is of tin, that being the best roofing known in this climate 
 to resist leakage. The flooring is of plank, upon sills resting upon the ground, 
 with no space open beneath. Octagonal turrets of galvanized iron surmount 
 the building at all the corners and angles, and the national standard, with appro- 
 priate emblems, is placed over each of the main entrances ; at other places, with 
 
116 
 
 GLTEDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 the national eagle There are numerous side-entranees, each being surmounted 
 with a trophy, showing the national colors of the country occupying that 
 portion of the building. In the vestibules, variegated brick and tile are intro- 
 duced. Louvre ventilators surmount all the avenues, and sky-lights the 
 central aisles. Light, of which there will be an ample supply, comes from the 
 north and south sides almost entirely. There underlie the building two miles 
 of drainage-pipes, the water supply and drainage system being complete. 
 
 Offices for the Foreign Commissions are placed along the sides of the building 
 in close proximity to the products exhibited. Offices for the administration are 
 at the ends. The design of the building is such that all exhibitors have an 
 equally fair opportunity of exhibiting their goods to advantage. There is 
 comparatively little choice of location, as the light is uniformly distributed, and 
 each of the spaces devoted to products is located upon one of the main thorough- 
 fares. A complete system of water supply with ample provision of fire-cocks, 
 etc., is provided against fire, and for sanitary purposes. The total amount of 
 iron used in the building is 8,500,000 pounds, four miles of pipe, and over 
 7,000,000 feet of lumber, and was completed with the aid of 3,000 men in one year 
 from the day the first spade was put in the ground. 
 
 Engineers and Architects — Henry Pettit and Joseph Wilson. Contractor — 
 Richard J. Dobbins, Philadelphia. Cost of building $16,00,000. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 117 
 
 cmoranilitm^. 
 
GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 cttiaraiultttn^. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 II9 
 
 THE MEMORIAL HALL 
 
 OR 
 
 ART GALLERY. 
 
 The most imposing and ornate of all the structures is Memorial Hall, built 
 at a cost of $1 ,500,000, by the State of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia. 
 This is placed at the disposal of the Centennial Commission, to be used during 
 the Exhibition as an Art Gallery, after which it is designed to make it the 
 receptacle of an industrial and art collection similar to the famous South 
 Kensington Miiseum, at London. It stands on the most commanding portion 
 of the great Lansdowne plateau, and a line parallel with, and a short distance 
 northward of the Main Building, looking southward across the Schuylkill over 
 Philadelphia. It is elevated on a terrace six feet above the general level of the 
 plateau; the plateau itself being an eminence 116 feet above the surface of the 
 Schuylkill river. 
 
 Being designed for an absolutely fire-proof structure, nothing combustible has 
 been used. The design is modern Renaissance. The materials are granite, 
 glass and iron. It covers an acre and a half, and is 365 feet long, 210 feet 
 wide, and 59 feet high, over a spacious basement 12 feet high. A dome, rising 
 150 feet above the ground, surmounts the centre, capped by a colossal ball, from 
 which rises the figure of Columbia ; the figure is 23 feet 6 inches high, weighs 
 three tons, and is cast from zinc, and was modeled by Aug. M. J. Mueller. At the 
 corners of the dome there are four other colossal pieces of sculptural ornamen- 
 tations, representing mining, commerce, agriculture and manufactures. There 
 are also two other groups over the main entrance, representing science and 
 art. The main front of this building looks southward, displaying a main 
 entrance in the centre, consisting of three enormous arched doorways, a 
 pavilion on each end, and two arcades connecting the pavilions with the centre. 
 The entrance is 70 feet wide, to which there is a rise of 13 steps. Each of the 
 huge doorways is 40 feet high and 15 feet wide, opening into a hall. Between 
 the arches of the doorways are clusters of columns, terminating in emblematic 
 designs illustrative of science and art. The doors are of iron, relieved by 
 bronze panels, displaying the coats of arms of all the States and Territories. 
 The United States coat of arms is in the centre of the main frieze. The dome 
 
120 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 is of glass and iron, of unique design. While Columbia rises at the top, a 
 colossal figure stands at each corner of the base of the dome, typifing the 
 four quarters of the globe. In each pavilion there is a large window 12^ feet 
 by 34 feet. There are altogether eight of these windows, which are used for 
 the display of stained glass, glass paintings, etc. The arcades designed to 
 screen the long walls of the galleries each consist of five groined arches, and 
 form promenades looking outward over the grounds and inward over open 
 gardens extending back to the main wall of the building. These garden-plots 
 are each 90 feet by 36 feet, ornamented with fountains and statuary. The 
 arcades are highly ornamented, and the balustrades of them and of the 
 approaching stairways are also used for statuary. The walls of the east and 
 west sides of the structure display the pavilions, and the walls of the picture- 
 galleries, and are relieved by niches designed for statues. The frieze is richly 
 ornamented, and above it the central dome shows to great advantage. The rear or 
 north front of the building is of the same general character as the main front, 
 but, in place of the arcade, has a series of arched windows, twelve in number, 
 with the entrance in the centre. Between the pavilions is the grand balcony, 
 a promenade 275 feet long and 45 feet wide, elevated 40 feet above the ground 
 and overlooking to the northward the beautiful grounds of the Park. On each 
 front of the building the entrances open into halls, 82 feet long, 60 feet wide, 
 and 53 feet high, decorated in modern Renaissance. These, in turn, open into 
 the centre hall 83 feet square, the ceiling rising over it 80 feet in height. From 
 the east and west sides of this centre hall extend the galleries, each 93 feet 
 long, 48 feet wide, and 35 feet high. These galleries admit of temporary divi- 
 sions for the better display of paintings, and with the centre hall form a grand 
 hall 287 feet long and 83 feet wide, capable of comfortably accommodating 8,000 
 persons ; this is nearly twice the dimensions of the largest hall in the United 
 States. From the galleries, doorways open into two smaller galleries, 89 feet 
 long and 28 feet wide. These open north and south into private apartments 
 connecting with the pavilion-rooms, and forming two side galleries 210 feet 
 long. Along the whole length of the north side of the main galleries and 
 central hall extends a corridor 14 feet wide, opening on its north line into a 
 series of private rooms, twenty-three in number, designed for studios and 
 smaller exhibition rooms. All the galleries and the central hall are lighted 
 from above ; the pavilions and studios from the sides. The pavilions and central 
 hall are designed especially for the exhibition of sculpture. This fine building 
 gives 75,000 square feet of wall space for paintings, and 20,000 square feet of 
 floor space for statues, etc. The skylights throughout are double, the upper 
 being of clear glass, and the under of ground glass. 
 
 This building not being large enough to accommodate all the applicants, an 
 addition had to be built. The structure is situated about one hundred feet in the 
 

 i 
 
 
 i!nRA??Y 
 OF THE 
 
 U ]:vE^?srrY of ill!^0!S 
 
 
►R ART GALLERY. 
 
^71 
 
 LIGRAHY 
 OF THE 
 
 U'^iVEnsiTY OF lan^ois 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 121 
 
 rear of Memorial Hall, and its appearance, in its general features is the same as 
 that of Memorial Hall. It is of brick, overcast with cement, painted to represent 
 granite, and with front and side elevations of a highly ornamented style of archi- 
 tecture. The exterior walls are broken by a series of arches and pilasters. The 
 total length of the building is 350 feet, and its width 186 feet. It covers about an 
 acre of ground. The walls are lined with asbestos to render the structure fire- 
 proof, and the building is amply lighted by sky-lights, the interior walls being 18 
 feet high, thus afibrding excellent facilities for obtaining a good light on all 
 the pictures. The ground plan is divided into two large galleries, each 101 
 feet 6 inches long, and 40 feet wide, and twenty-four smaller galleries, each 
 40 by 40 feet. There is a passage-way 20 feet wide, extending the entire 
 length of the building, which, together with a shorter passage-way, will be 
 utilized for the exhibition of water-color paintings. 
 
 Architect — H. J. Schwartzmann. Contractor — R. J. Dobbins, Philadelphia.. 
 
122 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 123 
 
 ^[cmoranilinn^. 
 
 [ 
 
 t 
 
 r 
 
124 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 MACHINERY HALL. 
 
 This structure is located about 550 feet west of the Main Exhibition Building^ 
 and as its north front stands upon the same line, it is practically a continua- 
 tion of that edifice, the two together presenting a frontage of 3,824 feet from 
 their eastern to their western ends, upon the principal avenue within the 
 grounds. This building consists of a main hall, 1,402 feet long and 360 feet 
 wide, with an annex on the south side of 208 feet by 210 feet. The entire area 
 covered is 558,440 square feet or nearly 13 acres, and the floor space afforded 
 is about 14 acres. The chief portion of the building is one story in height, 
 the main cornice upon the outside being 40 feet from the ground, and the inte- 
 rior height to the top of the ventilators in the avenues 70 feet, and in the aisles 
 40 feet. To. break the long lines of the exterior, projections have been intro- 
 duced upon the four sides, and the main entrances are finished with facades 
 extending to 78 feet in height. The eastern entrance will be the principal 
 approach from railways and from the Main Exhibition Building. The western 
 entrance affords the most direct communication with George’s Hill. Along 
 the southern side are placed the boiler-houses, and such other buildings for 
 special kinds of machinery as may be required. 
 
 The plan of Machinery Hall shows two main avenues 90 feet wide, with 
 a central aisle between and an aisle on either side, these being 60 feet in width. 
 These avenues and aisles together have 360 feet width, and each of them is 
 1,360 feet long. At the centre of the building there is a transept of 90 feet 
 width, which at the south end is prolonged beyond the building. This 
 extended transept, beginning at 36 feet trom the building and extending to 208 
 feet, is flanked on either side by aisles 60 feet wide, and forms an annex for 
 hydraulic machines. The promenades are — in the avenues 15 feet wide, in the 
 aisles 10 feet, and in the transept 25 feet. The walks extending across the 
 building are all 10 feet wide, and lead at either end to exit doors. The foun- 
 dations of this building are piers of masonry, the superstructure consisting of 
 solid timber columns supporting roof trusses, constructed of straight wooden 
 principal beams and wrought-iron ties and struts. As a general rule the 
 columns are placed lengthwise of the building, at the uniform distance apart 
 of 16 feet. The columns are 40 feet high, and support respectively the 90 feet 
 
 I 
 
linSARY 
 OF THE 
 
 U )!VFRS;tV of ILLINOIS 
 
1402 Feet Long, 360 Feet Wide, 70 Feet High. MACHI ' 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 125 
 
 roof-spans over the avenues at a height of 40 feet, and the 60 feet roof-spans 
 over the aisles at a height of 20 feet. The outer walls are built of masonry at 
 a height of 5 feet, and above that are composed of glazed sash between the 
 columns. Portions of these sashes are movable for ventilation, and Louvre 
 ventilators are introduced in continuous lengths over both the avenues and the 
 aisles. The building is entirely lighted by side-light from the north and south. 
 
 This Machinery Building has very superior facilities for shafting, and double 
 lines are introduced into each avenue and aisle, at a height of about 20 feet. 
 A pair of monster Corliss steam-engines drives the main shafting. Each 
 cylinder is 40 inches in diameter, with a stroke of 10 feet 5 the fly-wheel is 31 
 feet in diameter, and weighs. 55 tons*, the horse-power is 1,400, and the number 
 of boilers is 20. These engines drive about a mile of shafting. There are also 
 counter-lines of shafting in the aisles and special steam-power furnished 
 where necessary. Steam-power is furnished free to exhibitors. In the 
 annex for hydraulic machines, there is a tank 60 feet by 160 feet, with 10 feet 
 depth of water. It is intended to exhibit all sorts of hydraulic machinery in full 
 operation, and at the southern end of the tank there is a waterfall 35 feet 
 high by 40 feet wide, supplied from the tank by the pumps on exhibition. 
 
 No department of the exhibition will be as closely scanned by foreigners as 
 this. American invention in labor-saving machinery has done more in all 
 foreign Expositions to indicate the progress of our country than all other 
 Departments together, and a careful analysis of the awards received by our 
 •citizens exhibiting abroad will prove this fact. There are in the building 
 5,000,000 feet of lumber; 500,000 pounds of cast-iron; 750,000 pounds of 
 wrought-iron ; 20,000 pounds of nails and spikes; 700,000 square feet of tin- 
 roofing; 150,000 pounds of American glass; and 15,000,000 pounds of stone. 
 North of this building is the Lake, with its immense stock of fish, beautiful 
 swans and gondolas. 
 
 Architects, Henry Pettit and Jos. M. Wilson. Contractor; Philip Quigley. 
 Cost of sti-ucture, $722,000. 
 
126 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 i2r 
 
 
128 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. 
 
 The City of Philadelphia made a liberal grant of money to provide for the 
 Horticultural Department of the exhibition, an extremely ornate and commo- 
 dious building, 'which is designed to remain in permanence as an ornament of 
 Fairmount Park. This structure is located on a terrace bordering the Schuyl- 
 kill river, a short distance north of Memorial Hall, and has a commanding 
 vie’w of the Schuylkill river valley and the north-western portions of Philadel- 
 phia. Komantic ravines running down to the river are on either side, 
 separating it on the south from Memorial Hall, and on the north from Agricul- 
 tural Building. These ravines are spanned by ornamental bridges 500 feet 
 long and 60 feet wide, for convenience of access. Carriage-roads, a railway, 
 and foot-walks, pass over them. 
 
 The Horticultural Building is designed in the Moresque style of architecture 
 of the twelfth century, the chief materials externally being iron and glass, 
 supported by fine marble and brick work. The building is 383 feet long, 193 
 feet wide, and 72 feet high to the top of the lantern. The main floor is 
 •occupied by the central conservatory, 230 feet by 80 feet, and 55 feet high, 
 surmounted by a lantern 170 feiet long, 20 feet wide, and 14 feet high. The 
 centre of the conservatory is adorned by a marble fountain executed by Foley. 
 Running entirely around this conservatory, at a height of 20 feet from the 
 floor, is a gallery 5 feet wide. This is guarded by a delicately-fashioned iron 
 railing, and above it are the glass-arched windows, divided by pilasters of dark 
 maroon, topped by gold capitals. The roof is finished in blue panels, with 
 frescoed centres. Glancing upward from the floor, a world of beautiful forms 
 and brightly contrasted colors greet the eye, while here and there through the 
 tinted windows the sunlight streams in with oriental splendor. On the north and 
 south sides of this principal room are four forcing houses for the propagation of 
 young plants, each of them 100 feet by 30 feet, and covered by curved roofs of iron 
 and glass, which, appearing upon the exterior of the building, present a very fine 
 feature. A vestibule 30 feet square separates the two forcing-houses on each side, 
 and there are similar vestibules at the centre of the east and west ends, on either 
 sides of which are apartments for restaurants, reception-rooms, offices, etc. 
 Ornamental stair-ways lead from these vestibules to the internal galleries of 
 the conservatory, as well as to four external galleries, each 100 feet long, and 
 
lUOlTfiOU 
 
Length, 383 Feet; Wid: 
 
 HORTICUL^ 
 
; Feet; Height, 72 Feet. 
 
 I.RAL HALL. 
 
LBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Ui^iVEKSiTY OF ILLINOIS 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 129 
 
 10 feet wide, which surmount the roofs of the forcing-hous 3 S. These external 
 galleries are connected with a grand promenade, formed by the roofs of the 
 rooms on the lower floor, giving a'superflcial area of about 17,000 square feet. 
 The east and west entrances to the Horticultural Building are approached by 
 flights of blue marble steps, from terraces 80 feet by 20 feet, in the centre of 
 each of which stands an open kiosque 20 feet in diameter. Each entrance is 
 beautified by ornamental tile and marble work, and the angles of the main 
 conservatory are adorned with eight attractive fountains. The corridors con- 
 necting the conservatory with the surrounding apartments open fine vistas in 
 every direction, and the beauties of the surrounding Park, and the river flow- 
 ing in front and more than 100 feet beneath the building, add to the attrac- 
 tions. Provision is made for the illumination of the structure by 3,500 burners. 
 Extensive heating arrangements are provided in the basement, which is of fire- 
 proof construction, and the restaurant kitchens are also located there. 
 
 Surrounding this building there are 35 acres of ground, which is devoted to 
 horticultural purposes. In this plot there is an extension series of sunken 
 gardens. The surrounding grounds are beautifully laid out with flower-beds 
 and traversed by smooth, broad avenues. At each of six different points, a set 
 of three avenues meet at a common centre, where upon a circular spot sixty 
 feet in diameter, will bo erected an ornamental -summer-house. In the flower- 
 beds more than 32,000 hyacinths and tulip-bulbs have been planted, and with 
 thousands of other beautiful and delicate plants, will be in full bloom on the 
 opening-day of the Exhibition. In the laying out of the grounds — the roads, 
 walks, etc. — the ultimate use of the grounds has been considered, it being the 
 wish of a number of the most prominent citizens interested in horticulture, 
 that this portion of the ground should be converted into a botanic garden after 
 the close of the International Exhibition ; thus providing for the citizens of 
 Philadelphia a permanent attraction of a beautiful character. The building 
 was designed under the supervision of the National Horticultural Society. 
 
 Architect — H. J. Schwarzmann. Constructor — John Rice. Cost — S25 1,937. 
 
 8 * 
 
130 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 ieiworatiiliiiit^. , 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 131 
 
 eiiip ran till III 
 
132 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. 
 
 The Agricultural Building stands east of Belmont avenue and north of the 
 Horticultural Building, being separated from it by a romantic ravine, and has 
 a commanding view of the Schuylkill river and the north-western suburbs of 
 Philadelphia beyond. This building illustrates a novel combination of ma- 
 terials, mainly wood and glass, and consists of a long nave crossed by three 
 transepts, each being composed of truss-arches of Gothic form. The section of 
 building formed by the arch-trusses, receives light direct — by glass sections 
 in panes, forming roof-covers — their stilt at the base constructed as Louvres 
 for ventilation. The court-roofs have lantern-lights continuous through their 
 depth, in each bay of 60 feet. The truss systems adopted by the major portion 
 of thC' building, provides roof and wall construction ; the elevation of the roof 
 section converging to the ridge lessens the effect of the sun’s heat, to which — 
 without the protection of a ceiling beneath, a building, enclosed by temporary 
 roof-cover — it would be subject in the summer season. The arrangement of 
 the ground plan shows four main avenues, the nave, running north and south 
 through the centre of the building 820 feet long by 125 feet wide, with the 
 height of 75 feet from the floor to ttie point of the arch. The three remaining 
 avenues or transepts run east and west, one through the centre of the build- 
 ing and one at each end of it, distant from said ends 25 feet ; the centre tran- 
 sept is 540 feet long, by 60 feet in width, and the end transepts 540 
 feet long by 30 wide. The building is divided by the above avenues into sec- 
 tions, and each section has aisles 13 feet wide, by 197 feet long, extending 
 through it, and opening into the main north and south avenue at one end, and 
 into the side passage-ways at the other. The four main avenues, with the 
 aisles, form a most admirable arrangement by which the exhibitor can display, 
 and the visitor observe the various articles exhibited. Its interior appearance 
 will resemble that of a great cathedral, and in looking from transept to tran- 
 sept, the vista will be extremely imposing. The four courts enclosed by the 
 four main avenues, and also the four spaces at the corners of the building, 
 having the nave and end transepts for two of their sides, are roofed and forms 
 valuable spaces for exhibits. A portion of this building is supplied with steam- 
 power for the use of agricultural machinery. 
 
 The building covers lO} acres. Architect — Jas. H. Windrim. Construc- 
 tor — Philip Quigley. 
 

 
 i- 
 
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 1 
 
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GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 lit 0 m nil II TO 
 
134 
 
 AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION.' 
 
 
 tttns. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 135 
 
 Having tlius noted the five principal buildings of the Exhibition proper, it 
 Avill Ije convenient to return to the main entrance to the grounds. This main 
 entrance is the interval between the Main and Machinery Buildings, and is 
 approached by a covered bridge, crossing Elm avenue from the terminus of 
 the Pennsylvania railroad, where visitors from every part of the Union will 
 be landed, only a street’s breadth from the Exhibition. On either side of the 
 entrance is a building containing some twenty-five rooms each, which are 
 devoted to the use of the executive officers, those of the custom-house, 
 police, telegraph operators, etc. These buildings are connected by a 
 spacious verandah, so that in passing between the neighboring buildings and 
 the depot, one need not at any time go from under cover. Facing the entrance, 
 and on the boulevard which runs at the back of the Main and front of Machin- 
 ery Buildings, is the 
 
 JURY PAVILION, 
 
 an ornate two-story structure. The dimensions are 152 by 115 feet, with exclu- 
 sive porch 6 by 9 feet. Arriving through a spacious vestibule, a large hall 60 by 
 80 feet, and 43 feet high, where floor space is proposed for the assembly of all 
 the judges at their principal sittings. To the rear, is a smaller hall, 25 by 60 
 feet, and 25 feet high, for a smaller asseml)ly. The partitions between 
 these two halls are so arranged as to be removed on certain occasions. 
 Around the large hall runs a corridor 10 feet wide, and on either side 
 are smaller committee rooms. In front, on same floor, are four rooms for offi- 
 cers, two stairs leading up to second floor, where a ten feet wide gallery sur- 
 rounds the large hall on three sides for spectators. In front, on the same floor, 
 is a large hall 22 by 60 feet for assembly of committee members. Ladies’ 
 and gentlemen’s toilet rooms are placed in convenient points, provided with 
 all necessaries thereto. The whole building is plastered in and outside, on 
 frame work. The inside painted and decorated. The outside battened off so 
 as to represent wood construction of modern architecture. The building cost 
 330,000. Architect — II. J. Schwarzmann. 
 
 We give the rules adopted by the Commission in relation to judges and 
 awards : 
 
 First — Awards Avill be based upon written reports attested by the signa- 
 tures of their authors. 
 
 Second — Two hundred judges shall be appointed to make such reports, one- 
 half of whom shall be foreigners and one-half citizens of the United States. 
 They will be selected for their known qualifications and character, and will be 
 experts in departments to which they will be respectively assigned. The 
 foreign members of this body will be appointed by the Commission of each 
 
136 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 •country, and in conformity with the distrii^ution and allotment to each, which 
 will he hereafter announced. The judges from the United States will he: 
 appointed hy the Centennial Commission. 
 
 Third — T he sum of $1,000 will he paid to each commissioned judge for- 
 personal expenses. 
 
 Fourth — Reports and awards shall he based upon merit. The elements of 
 merit shall he held to include consideration relating to originality, invention, 
 discovery, utility, quality, skill, workmanship, fitness for the purposes intended, 
 adaptation to public wants, economy and cost. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. - 137 
 
 Fifth — Each report will be delivered to the Centennial Commission as soon 
 as completed for final award and distribution. 
 
 Sixth — Awards will be finally decreed by the United States Centennial 
 Commission, in compliance with the act of Congress, and will consist of a 
 diploma with a uniform bronze medal, and a special report of the judges on the 
 subject of the award. 
 
 Sevexth — Each exhibitor will have the right to reproduce and publish the 
 report awarded to him, but the United States Centennial Commission reserves 
 the right to publish and dispose of all reports in the manner it thinks best for 
 public information, and also to embody and distribute the reports as records of 
 the Exhibition. 
 
 WOMEN’S PAVILION. 
 
 On Belmont avenue, nearly opposite the Government Building, is the build- 
 ing which accommodates the Women’s Exhibition, a tasteful and commodious 
 structure, erected at a cost of $30,000 by the subscriptions of the women of 
 America. 
 
 women’s pavilion. 
 
 This elegant pavilion covers an area of 30,000 square feet ; it exhibits a nave 
 and a transept, each 192 feet long and 64 feet wide, terminating in 
 porches 8 by 32 feet. Four pavilions, each 48 feet square, occupy the 
 angles formed by the nave and transept. The centre of the structure rises 25 
 feet above the exterior portions, and terminates with a cupola and lantern, 90- 
 
138, 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 feet from the ground. The entire superstructure rests on the exterior walls 
 and four interior supporting columns. The material is of wood, roofed over 
 by segmental trusses. It contains, in addition to space for exhibits, toilet and 
 reception rooms. In it only articles the result of woman’s labor are to be 
 exhibited. Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, President of the Women’s Centennial Execu- 
 tive Committee was the first to originate the idea of a separate building. 
 
 The object of the Women’s Department is the exhibition of the highest type 
 of women’s work, and also to point out avenues of usefulness and profit not 
 generally known. The exhibition is confined in a great measure to represen- 
 tations of sculpture, painting, literature, engraving, telegraphy, lithography, 
 education, inventions of all kinds, etc., a classification which, omitting 
 women’s clothing in all its branches, gives place to the finer kinds of needle- 
 work, lace work, etc., thus leaving the larger portion of the building for 
 the exhibition of the useful arts. 
 
 b There is also an addition to the building for educational purposes. The 
 Kindergarten, Object Teaching, and other branches of education, for which 
 women are specially adapted, will be here exhibited. 
 
 Architect — H. J. Schwarzmann. Contractors — Jacob G. Peters and John 
 A. Burghen. 
 
 West of this, and on the lower slope of George’s Hill is the 
 GOVERNMENT BUILDING, 
 
 rivaling some of the Exhibition buildings in size and interest. This con-* 
 tains the collection, provided for by an executive order of the President, of 
 “ such articles and material as will, when presented in a collective exhibition, 
 illustrate the functions and administrative faculties of the Government in time 
 of peace, and its resources as a war power, and thereby serve to demonstrate 
 the nature of our institutions and their adaptations to the wants of the 
 people.” Its preparations has been entrusted to officers representing the War, 
 Treasury, Navy, Interior, Post-Office and Agricultural Departments, and the 
 Smithsonian Institute. 
 
 T'lie edifice in design is in the form of a cross, the offices built in the concavites 
 of the angles. The main stem of the cross is 480 feet long, and the cross arms 
 340 feet. This is clear of the entrance, which protrudes 10 feet further on 
 each end. The building in the middle is, so to speak, two stories high, the 
 upper story being sided with windows acting as sky-lights for the building. 
 Spans run clear across the edifice, supporting the roof with the aid of rows of 
 ■columns built along what will be the main aisle. The whole design Avhile very 
 strong, has the appearance of lightness, no heavy work being visible any- 
 where. In the middle of the building, in the centre of the angles of the cross, 
 is a dome surmounted by a small cupola, and this again by a flag-staff. The 
 
AND CEXTEXNIAL EXIIIBITIOX. 
 
 139 
 
 -doiiie is octagonal in shape and lighted all around with windows. Around it 
 on the offices mentioned, as in the angles, are four smaller domes of similar 
 design. The prevailing color on the outside of the building is l)rown and 
 Avood ; the lower portion or the main body of the structure has a stripe of red 
 
 at the top , beneath this are the windows, which are continuous all around. Then 
 comes a broad band of wood-color, wdth a neat yellow figure placed at intervals 
 in it ; next a band of dark-red, and then the lower band plain. The dome is 
 of wood-color, and these, with the black composition-roof, give a subdued but 
 pleasing effect at a distance. The prevailing color inside is wood-color, all the 
 
140 
 
 GUIDE OF UIIILADELPIII A 
 
 lower part bein^; so ; but it is relieved by small red bands interspersed with 
 neat geometrical figures. The ceilings of both the building and dome are 
 painted a dark-blue. The main features, however, are the sides of the build- 
 ing, which are divided into panels, and these again are subdivided into dia- 
 mond shape. Each panel covers much space, and in the centre of each of its 
 diamonds or lozenges is painted the emblem of the Department of the Govern- 
 ment there represented. The Agricultural Bureau has a plough, with stalks 
 of corn and wheat around it *, the Interior Department has a bow and arrows, 
 surmounted by a tomahawk *, the Smithsonian Institute, the skull of an animal, 
 encircled with a wreath ; the Army, by the lictor’s rods and axe ; the Navy, 
 an anchor and cable ; the Treasury, a shield, with scales, and beneath, a key 5 
 and the Post Office, the wings of Mercury, a telegraph pole and a letter. The 
 fisheries are recognized by a writhing fish impaled with a trident. These de- 
 signs are innumerable and are very pretty. 
 
 The main entrance is quite handsome. It rises to a peak, and has an im- 
 mense window and circular top. Columns stand on each side, resting on large 
 pedestals, and in the columns are panels, and on these, in relief, is a group of 
 standards, crossed over a drum, on each side of which are cannon-balls. The 
 doorways of the main entrance stand out from the building, and are 15 feet 
 high. All around the building are very handsome walks and flower-beds. 
 
 To the north of the building is an edifice known as the field hospital, in which 
 is shown, as if in practical use, every appliance used for the sick and wounded. 
 The laboratory in which the explosion at Bridesburg occurred last summer is 
 also here, and in it is shown the apparatus used in determining the velocity of 
 bullets, and constant experiments will be made during the Exhibition. 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL POST OFFICE. 
 
 About one-half of the southern transept of the United States Government Build- 
 ing is used for this purpose, covering about 2,100 square feet. Mr. George W. 
 F airman, Postmaster, who so ably and satisfactorily manages the office in this city, 
 was wisely entrusted with the fitting up, etc. A general working post-office is in 
 operation, supplied with every facility for the reception and delivery of mails. 
 The fittings are in walnut, richly paneled with appropriate carvings, emble- 
 matic of post-office matters, and surmounted by highly embellished mouldings.. 
 It not only presents a very handsome appearance, but will attract general 
 attention from visitors, especially foreigners. The letter boxes which are 
 located plentifully about the grounds, are of neAV design, and pretty in appear- 
 ance. The front is embellished with gold paneling, the centre panel orna- 
 mented with an eagle and shield, painted in red and white. On either side, 
 printed in English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Russian and Japanese, 
 are the liours for the collection of the letters. The edges are gilded, and there 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION 
 
 141 
 
 is a ribbon of gold around the top, on which is also inscribed the hours of the 
 mail collections. The boxes (fifty in number) are mounted on a highly orna- 
 mented pedestal. A neat and light wagon, in the style of a modern drag, de- 
 signed by Postmaster Fairman, is used for the conveyance of the mail to 
 and from the Central Philadelphia Office. The body is of dark color, 
 Avith the “ U. S. Centennial Mail” in gilt letters on the sides, and having in 
 the centre the old seal of the Post-office Department. The messengers 
 Avear uniform clothing. These wagons are very useful as AA^ell as orna- 
 mental, on account of their lightness and adaptability for speed and the pur- 
 poses for which they are intended. 
 
 In close proximity to the Philadelphia Post-office, 1,600 feet of space has 
 been devoted to the General Post-office Department for a display consisting of 
 stamps, maps, and other appurtenances of the establishment. There will also be 
 an envelope machine in operation, manufacturing envelopes and stamps of a 
 special design. 
 
 The Government Building Avill cost $100,000, and the fitting up $100,000 
 more. 
 
 Resting on the slope of George’s Hill, betAveen Fountain avenue and the 
 boundary fence, the West Point Cadet Cajip Avillbe found, during the month 
 of June or July, or portion of each. They will muster about three hundred, and 
 Avill be well provided with all the means for displaying the versatile West 
 Pointer’s efficiency as horse, foot and dragoon. 
 
 The United States GoA^ernment have erected on Belmont avenue, near State 
 avenue, a Signal and Weather Station, and near the end of Machinery Hall a 
 Fortified Block House similar to those located in the Indian Territory. 
 
 East of the Jury Pavilion is the building of Public Co.aifort. This depart- 
 ment has been established for the purpose of taking care of articles — such as 
 overcoats, umbrellas, bundles, etc. — and for the general convenience of the 
 visitor, a lavatory is provided, a place for blacking boots, barber shop and 
 neAVS- stand. 
 
 On Fountain avenue, betAveen Belmont avenue and the Centennial Fountain, 
 Col. Lienard, of Paris, Avill exhibit Relief Plans of the cities of Paris, Naples, 
 Jerusalem, and of Italy and SAvitzerland. The plans give, in miniature, an 
 exact representation of the places they represent. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC HALL, 
 
 South of Memorial Hall — is 240 feet long by 75 feet Avide, and 20 feet is the 
 height of the walls. It is partitioned inside so as to make seven handsome 
 galleries, each 75 feet long, for the hanging of pictures and the display of 
 photographic appliances. In order that all the light possible may be obtained, 
 the roof Avill be composed entirely of glass. There are four entrances, the two 
 
142 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 at the sides being very handsome. It has 19,000 square feet of surface for 
 exhibition purposes ; cost, $26,000, which was contributed by the photo- 
 graphers of America ; and is devoted exclusively to an exhibition of American 
 and foreign photographic art. 
 
 Besides this, there is another building on Belmont avenue by the Centennial 
 Photograph Company of Philadelphia. This Company has secured from the 
 Centennial Commission the exclusive right of making and selling Centennial 
 photo-pictures on the grounds. This building is situated on the east side of 
 Belmont avenue, north of the western extremity of the Main Building. 
 
 Four Paviliox Buildings, extending along the south side of the Main Build- 
 ing, and between that and Elm avenue, had to be erected to accommodate the great 
 demand of exhibitors for space in the Main Building. The dimensions of 
 each of these pavilions are 40 by 140 feet, and they are erected in a manner 
 agreeable to their parent structure. 
 
 On Belmont avenue are located two Fire Engine houses — one at the northern 
 boundary fence, and the other near the east end of the Main Building. They 
 contain space for steamers, bunks for firemen, hook and ladder space, and 
 stables for horses. 
 
 Besides these buildings there are many others ; most of the important foreign 
 nations have special buildings for their own uSe 
 
 THE BRITISH BUILDINGS, 
 
 located near a grove at the foot of George’s Hill, are three in number. Two 
 of them are in the style of architecture of the sixteenth century, with tile 
 roofing, and are surmounted by stacks of red brick chimneys. One is in 
 the style of the residence of a squire of that period. Nearly every article en- 
 tering into the construction of the buildings was manufactured in Great Britain. 
 The rooms are furnished in paneled dados, the walls above, hung with English 
 paper, the wood-work stained and varnished, and the furniture (brought 
 from England) throughout is in harmony with the style adopted. 
 
 Near these buildings*is the Canadian Log House. 
 
 THE JAPANESE BUILDING, 
 
 to the south-west of the British Buildings, foot of George’s Hill, is a two-story 
 dwelling-house, and is a perfect reproduction of the habitation of the average 
 dweller of Japan. This building was constructed by the Japs arrayed in their 
 native costume and attracted considerable attention during its erection 5 no nails 
 were used, all the material being dove-tailed, beveled and mortised, and fastened 
 together with wooden pins. All the material used in this building was brought 
 from Japan. 
 
AND CENTENNIxVL EXHIBITION. 
 
 143 
 
 The Japanese Bazaar, for the exhibition and sale of Japanese ware is on 
 Agricultural avenue, north of the IMain Exhibition Building. There is also a 
 Japanese garden of one and a half acres. 
 
 SWEDISH SCHOOL-HOUSE. 
 
 The government of Sweden has erected a school-house, near the Main Exhi- 
 bition Building. The roof is steep and overhangs the walls, and is finished in 
 an elaborate manner. The entire building is of wood, either polished or 
 oiled, and was brought from Sweden prepared to be put together upon the 
 grounds. What is singular, is that it is impossible, on the exterior, to discover 
 a nail or screw. The boards are beveled and so joined together that no seams 
 are visible. All the doorways and window-frames are of a unique pattern, 
 and show great taste on the part of those having its erection in charge. It is 
 intended to keep school there during most of the summer •, genuine Swedish 
 youths of both sexes, with teachers, will be brought over for that purpose. 
 
 Spain has a very beautiful structure west of the Catholic T. A. B. Fountain, 
 and near the foot of George’s Hill, in which is quartered the Spanish 
 Engineers. It is an octagonal structure 50 feet in diameter. 
 
 The German Building is situated near the intersection of Belmont avenue 
 and the old Lansdowne drive. It is of brick, 82 by 42 feet, and in the Ren- 
 aissance style. 
 
 Austria, France, Egypt, Turkey, Brazil, and several other countries have 
 erected pavilions or buildings that are ornaments to the grounds and credit- 
 able to the countries they represent. 
 
 WORLD’S TICKET OFFICE. 
 
 An ornate pavilion, near Machinery Hall, containing convenient waiting- 
 rooms for the use of visitors, and offices for the sale of railroad tickets, hotel 
 coupons, etc., for all parts of the world. In connection with this there will 
 be a Palestine Camp, containing an interesting collection of articles from 
 that country. 
 
 In addition to these buildings, many of the States have erected structures. 
 
 Pennsylvania Building — is in the Gothic style, and is located at Belmont 
 and State avenues. It has a front of 105 feet, and a depth of 69 feet. The 
 main entrance will be in the centre of the front, and this part of the buildings 
 will be surmounted by a large tower, also a tower at each end. Pennsylvania 
 has also a handsome building erected for the use of the Educational Depart- 
 ment of Pennsylvania. The building is octagonal in shape and 100 feet in 
 diameter, with two annexes at the front and back, each 40 by 20 feet 5 is con- 
 structed of wood, iron and glass, and furnished with all necessary accommo- 
 dations. 
 
144 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Michigan Building — All the fittings and endowments are of Michigan 
 material, and the workmanship of Michigan hands. 
 
 Massachusetts Building — is in the Continental style, 85 by 70 feet. 
 
 Indiana Building — is made, as far as possible, characteristic of Indiana 
 homes. It is constructed of wood and other building materials ; a frame of 
 wood being the support of the building and roof, to which an outer wall of 
 brick, stone, terra-cotta and iron can be attached. It is in the form of an 
 irregular cross, 55 feet at its longest angle. There are three entrances by 
 four broad steps at the front and side porches, and an open-roofed balcony 
 will extend from each side entrance to the front entrance. 
 
 Missouri Building — is a handsome structure, two stories high, surmounted 
 by a dome, with a diameter of 48 feet; the length of the building is 80 feet, the 
 side wings 28 by 20 feet ; transepts in gallery, each 28 by 21 feet, opening of 
 gallery 40 feet; height of each story, 15 feet, and height to top of dome, 85 
 feet. 
 
 Ohio Building — is a very attractive structure, built of stone, furnished by 
 different stone companies ; domestic Gothic style of architecture, and very 
 substantial. 
 
 Connecticut Cottage — The structure is of the Dutch Colonial style of 
 architecture, and is 30 feet front by 40 feet deep, with a wing 10 feet by 20. 
 Three sides of the reception-room are ornamented with a gallery. Opening 
 into it is a ladies’ toilet-room and a private room for the Connecticut Com- 
 missioners. The inside wood- work is chiefly white pine and smoke-stained 
 wood. The lower part of the outside of the building is constructed of scollop- 
 fashioned shingles, and the upper part is lathed and plastered. A massive 
 stone chimney protrudes from the roof, and the front is relieved by an old- 
 fashioned porch. 
 
 New York — a large and one of the most beautiful of the State Buildings; 
 Mississippi — 40 by 30 feet; Kansas — 132 by 132 feet — a large and handsome 
 structure, surmounted by a tower; New Hampshire, 50 by 50 feet; New 
 Jersey, West Virginia, Delaware, Illinois, Arkansas, Nevada, Wiscon- 
 sin, Maryland, Iowa and California, have also buildings of their own. 
 llegisters will be kept in all the State Buildings for record of visitors’ names, 
 and on file, all the newspapers published in that State. 
 
 Besides all these structures a large number of the Trades have special 
 buildings devoted to the interest of the business they represent. 
 
 New England Log House and Modern Kitchen, on Agricultural avenue, 
 not far from Horticultural Building; intended to illustrate the New England 
 kitchen of one hundred years ago and of the present time. Meals will bo 
 cooked and served by young ladies in appropriate costumes. 
 
 West of Machinery Hall is a structure known as the 
 
SPANISH BUILDING. 
 
 JAPANESE BUILDING. 
 
np:\v .iersi<:y building 
 

 ARKANSAS BUILDING 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 145 
 
 NEWSPAPER PAVILION. 
 
 Here will be found the various journals of the country on file, for the pur- 
 pose of showing the progress made in journalism during the past one hundred 
 years. 
 
 North of the western section of the Main Building, is the Wagon and 
 Carriage Exhibition Building. North of the eastern end of the Main 
 Building, is the Vienna Bakery, 150 by 3 25 feet. 
 
 On the south side of Lansdowne valley is a model of the railway up the 
 side of Mount Washington, and nearly opposite this, on the north side of the 
 valley, a model of a Western Hunter’s Camp. 
 
 On the south of the Main Building, and fronting Belmont avenue, is the 
 Centennial National Bank, a structure 70 by 40 feet, at which all the money 
 received for admission will be deposited ; buys and sells foreign coin and 
 domestic and foreign exchange. 
 
 THE DAIRY. 
 
 South of Horticultural Hall is a rustic building with garden attached. Milk, 
 cream, buttermilk, cheese, ice cream, etc., are dispensed by girls, dressed as 
 Swiss peasants. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE MEDICAL BUREAU. 
 
 In order to provide for any cases of accident or sudden sickness which may 
 occur among the large number of persons who will visit the Exposition, a 
 suitable building is erected on Agricultural avenue, where every facility will 
 be provided for the immediate gratuitous relief of any such cases. A staff of 
 medical ofiicers has been organized, at least one of whom will be on duty at all 
 times when the Centennial Exposition is open. 
 
 On the grounds are six very large restaurants, each capable of dining about 
 5,000 persons at one time. Meals will be furnished — table d’ hote, or a la carte 
 — at specified charges. Each has been constructed with some idea of the beau- 
 tiful, with the grounds surrounding them planted with flowers and shrub- 
 bery. 
 
 The entire number of buildings on the Exhibition Grounds are about one 
 hundred and fifty. 
 
146 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 MONUMENTS ON THE CENTENNIAL GROUNDS. 
 
 THE WITHERSPOON MONUMENT. 
 
 This statue of the eminent statesman and divine — John Witherspoon, D.D 
 LL.D., — is situated on a slope east of Memorial Hall. 
 
 MHTIIERSPOON MONUMENT. 
 
 It is a colossal bronze figure of 12 
 feet in height, and represents Dr. 
 Witherspoon in the act of delivering 
 his speech on the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. In his left hand is held his 
 notes, and his right is gracefully ex- 
 tended with the palm outward. The 
 costume is the citizen’s dress of Colonial 
 times, and over the shoulders is care- 
 lessly thrown the clergymen’s gown or 
 cloak adopted atGeneva. The expression 
 is at once firm and gentle, every linea- 
 ment denoting a noble soul united to rare 
 courage. The monument cost $25,000. 
 It is mounted on a high pedestal of 
 Quincy granite *, this will rest on a 
 mound four feet above the surrounding 
 lawn ; as this lawn slopes towards 
 Lansdowne drive, it will give the monu- 
 ment a total height of some 35 feet 
 above it. 
 
 Dr. Witherspoon was the fearless 
 patriot who, while his fellow-members 
 of the Continental Congress were hold- 
 ing back from the step into freedom, 
 suddenly arose, and by his magnetic 
 presence and inspiring words turned 
 the tide of human events and founded 
 a nation. He it was who, while others 
 were halting, pointed to the unsigned 
 and still impotent Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence and exclaimed — “ That noble 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 147 
 
 instrument on your table should be subscribed this very morning by every 
 pen in the house. He that will not respond to its accents, and strain every 
 nerve to carry into effect its provisions, is unworthy the name of freeman. 
 For my own part, of property I have some, of reputation more. That reputa- 
 tion is staked, that property pledged, on the issue of this contest. And 
 although these gray hairs must soon descend into the sepulchre, I would 
 infinitely rather they should descend thither by the hands of the public exe- 
 cutioner, than desert, at this crisis, the sacred cause of my country.” 
 
 POSITION OF THE WITHERSPOON STATUE ON THE CENTENNIAL GROUNDS. 
 
 The name of Dr. John Witherspoon is attached to the immortal Declaration 
 of American Independence, and is the only clergymen’s signature to be found 
 on the document. It was doubly appropriate, therefore, that the site selected 
 for a monument to the memory of such a man should be almost within the 
 shadow of the magnificent pile which, for ages to come, will mark an era in 
 the marvellous progress of the nineteenth century. 
 
 Dr. Witherspoon was a lineal descendant of John Knox; he was born in 
 Haddingtonshire, Scotland, February 5th, 1722 ; ordained to the ministry in 
 1745; became President of the College of New Jersey in 1768; died near 
 Princeton, September 15th, 1794. 
 
 STATUE OF WILLIAM PENN 
 
 is of bronze, and 30 feet in height. This is the largest bronze casting yet 
 undertaken in America, and exceeded by but two in the world, and is intended 
 
148 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 for the dome of the New Public Buildings, when those buildings are com- 
 pleted ; for the Centennial it will occupy a commanding position on the 
 grounds. The model was executed by Bailey. 
 
 THE COLUMBUS MONUxMENT 
 
 near the intersection of Fountain and Belmont avenues. Erected by the 
 Columbus Monument Association ; is of colossal size, represents the great 
 Genoese navigator — a standing figure — the right hand resting on a globe, and 
 the left holding a chart. An anchor and rope at the foot of the figure indicates 
 the occupation. The pedestal is inscribed with his name and bas reliefs of his 
 landing, the coats-of-arms of America and Italy, indicate the works of his life 
 and the spirit of amity between the people and the countries in which the 
 work has been conceived and approved. 
 
 MONUMENT OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. 
 
 The design is a group of two figures — the one, colossal, eight feet in height, 
 stands near the centre of the pedestal. It typifies the Genius of Liberty. It 
 is a female figure in armor ; a mantle fastened at the neck by an agraffe, falls 
 from the left shoulder to the left foot. The right breast and arm are un- 
 covered. On the breast-plate of the armor is wrought the American shield. 
 The head is covered with the Phrygian cap bordered with thirteen stars. The 
 left hand of the figure, which holds the Constitution, is supported by the 
 fasces. The other figure of the group stands at the right side of the former ; 
 it is a youth, slightly draped, with face upraised ; one hand of this figure is 
 stretched to heaven and holding an urn in wLich burns the sacred flame. At 
 the base of the group an eagle is represented, its talons buried in a snake, 
 typifying the destruction of slavery. The idea conveyed by the group is 
 Liberty protecting Religion, and in the idea, personified by religion, it is 
 intended to express in a universal sense the reliance on a divine power com- 
 mon to humanity. The pedestal will be inscribed with suitable sentences 
 from the Constitution of the United States. It was executed in Rome by , 
 Ezekial, an American sculptor, by order of the Independent Order of B’nai 
 Berith. The pedestal and statue stands 20 feet in height. Its location is near 
 the Art Gallery. 
 
 THE AMERICAN SOLDIERS’ MONUMENT, 
 
 a colossal granite statue of 21 feet in height, and weighing 30 tons, on a cir- 
 cular spot of ground on the west side of the terrace surrounding Memorial Hall. 
 
 WASHINGTON STATUE, 
 
 on the east side of the same terrace 5 cut from a single block of marble. The 
 property of Mr. Mahlon Dickerson, the American banker of Florence, and 
 loaned by him for the Centennial Exhibition 
 
 Near the British Buildings is a monument 15 feet high ; it is erected to Rev 
 Richard Allen, first Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION 
 
 149 
 
 CENTENNIAL FOUNTAIN, 
 
 near the rear of Machinery Hall, at the foot of George’s Hill ; is 100 feet in 
 diameter, and 35 feet in exterior height. 
 
 A colossal statue of Moses, 1 5 feet high, stands upon the top of a mass of 
 rock in the centre of a circular basin 40 feet in diameter, pointing upwards 
 to heaven as the source of the great miracle that has just been performed, in 
 bringing forth water from the barren rock by the stroke of his wand. The 
 water gushing forth on all sides, falls into the basin. 
 
 CENTENNIAL CATHOLIC TOTAL ABSTINENCE FOUNTAIN. 
 
 Four arms stretch from the basin in the shape of a Maltese cross, each 10 
 feet 8 inches in length, and 9 feet wide, terminating in four circular platforms, 
 each of which is sixteen feet in diameter. Upon these platforms stand drinking- 
 fountains, 12 feet in height, and 8 feet 8 inches in diameter. Each fountain 
 is surmounted by a statue 9 feet high. These statues represent Commodore 
 Bariy — the father of the American Navy Archbishop John Carroll, the 
 patriot priest of the Revolution ; Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, the Catholic 
 signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Father Matthew, the Apostle, 
 of Temperance. The statues are constructed of Tyrolese marble ; the base 
 being of Cockeyville marble and granite. 
 
150 
 
 GUIDE OF Dill LA I) EL PHI A 
 
 Around the circular basin are seven medallion heads sculptured in marble 
 of the following named Catholic generals and civilians of the Revolution ; 
 
 I. La Fayette, born in France, friend and companion of Washington. 
 
 II. INIadame La Fayette, also born in France, celebrated for her patriotism and 
 earnest support of the American colonists in their struggle for freedom. 
 3. Comte de Grasse, born in France, commander of the French fleet which 
 assisted at the capture of Cornwallis, at Yorktown. 4. Count Pulaski, com- 
 mander of Pulaski’s Legion ; he was killed at the attack on Savannah. 
 5. Col. Stephen Moylan, born in Ireland, aid-de-camp to Washington, and com- 
 mander of the famous Moylan’ s Dragoons, a Pennsylvania organization. 
 0. Thomas Fitzsimons, born in Ireland, member of the Colonial Congress, noted 
 for his ardent support of the colonial cause. 7. Kosciusko, born in Poland, 
 distinguished for his military services in the Revolution, and famous in the 
 world’s history for his heroic efibrts to gain liberty for Poland. 
 
 The Fountain is erected by the Catholic Total Abstinence Societies of the 
 United States, in honor of the Centennial of American Independence. Its 
 total cost is $52,000, raised by voluntary contributions, not a single contribu- 
 tion exceeding one hundred dollars. Sculptor — II. Kern. 
 
 At the intersection of Belmont and Fountain avenues, about midway 
 between Horticultural Hall and the Catholic Fountain, is an Ice Water 
 Fountain, for supplying ice water free of cost. Erected by the Grand Divi- 
 sion of the Sons of Temperance of Pennsylvania. A wooden pavilion with 
 thirteen sides, representing a Greek Temple, 25 feet in diameter, and 36 feet 
 high encloses the fountain, which is eight feet in diameter, and surrounded by 
 a passage-way, eight feet wide *, the fountain contains 26 self-acting spigots, 
 and is connected with a reservoir under ground, which is fed from Belmont 
 reservoir. The tank holds between 4,000 and 5,000 gallons of water, furnish- 
 ing an almost unlimited supply of ice water. 
 
 At this intersection — Belmont and Fountain avenues — is also the Music 
 Pavilion. # 
 
 THE LIVE STOCK 
 
 display at the International Exhibition will be held from September 1st to 
 November 10th. Twenty-two acres of ground outside of the Centennial 
 grounds, about 500 yards distant from the principal entrance, having been 
 secured for tliis purpose. (See map for location.) The periods devoted to 
 each class and family being fifteen days, and the division q,s follows • 
 
 Horses, mules and asses September 1st to 15th. 
 
 Horned cattle (all varieties) September 20th to October 5th, 
 
 Sheep, swine, goats and dogs October 10th to 25th, 
 
 Poultry (all varieties) October 28th to November 10th, 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 151 
 
 On the last day of each serial show, a public auction may be held, of such 
 animals as the exhibitors may desire to sell. Animals may be sold at private 
 sale at any time during their exhibition. During the period of a serial show, 
 no animal, even in the event of being sold, will be allowed to be definitely 
 removed. 
 
 About half an hour’s ride from the Exhibition grounds, on the line of the 
 Pennsylvania railroad, between Philadelphia and New York, suitable lands 
 have been secured for the trial of machinery. Harvesting-machines, during 
 June and July, and tilling-machines, during September and October 
 
 SPACE OCCUPIED BY THE NATIONS. 
 
 The space occupied by the different nations in the Main Buildings is as 
 
 follows : 
 
 Argentine Bepublic., 
 
 .. 2,873 
 
 sq. feet. 
 
 Italy 
 
 .. 8,167 sq 
 
 . feet. 
 
 Austria 
 
 .. 24,070 
 
 u 
 
 Japan 
 
 ,.. 16,566 
 
 ’ (1 
 
 Belgium 
 
 .. 15,358 
 
 u 
 
 Mexico 
 
 .. 6,504 
 
 (1 
 
 Brazil 
 
 .. 6,397 
 
 u 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 ,. 15,509 
 
 11 
 
 Canada 
 
 .. 24,070 
 
 n 
 
 Norway 
 
 .. 6,897 
 
 (1 
 
 Chili 
 
 .. 2,873 
 7,504 
 
 (i 
 
 Orange Free State... 
 
 .. 1,057 
 
 
 China 
 
 li 
 
 Russia 
 
 .. 11,002 
 
 u 
 
 Denmark 
 
 .. 1,462 
 
 (1 
 
 Siam 
 
 .. 2,015 
 
 ii 
 
 Egypt 
 
 .. 5,146 
 
 u 
 
 Spain and Colonies... 
 
 .. 11,253 
 
 u 
 
 France and Colonies. 
 
 .. 43,314 
 
 {( 
 
 Sweden 
 
 .. 15,358 
 
 a 
 
 German Empire 
 
 .. 27,975 
 
 {( 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 .. 6,646 
 
 u 
 
 Great Britain and ) 
 
 ^ 99,917 
 
 u 
 
 Tunis 
 
 .. 2,015 
 
 u 
 
 British India J 
 
 
 Turkey 
 
 .. 4,895 
 
 li 
 
 New South Wales... 1 
 
 Victoria 
 
 South Australia 
 
 |- 24,070 
 
 ({ 
 
 United States 
 
 ..187,705 
 
 u 
 
 This refers to the Main Building only. Most of the countries occupy spaces 
 in the other principal buildings, and some have provided separate buildings 
 for their exhibits. 
 
 EXPOSITIONS— SPACE OCCUPIED. 
 
 The following is the amount of space occupied by each one of the great 
 Exhibitions of the world : — Vienna, 1873, all courts covered, together with 
 machinery, fine arts and agricultural departments, 56 5-10 acres ; Vienna, 
 1871, no courts covered, 38 8-10 acres •, Paris, 1867, 31 acres *, London, 1862, 
 25 6-10 acres*, London, 1851, 23 9-10 acres*, Paris, 1855, 22 1-10 acres 5 Lon- 
 don, 1861, without galleries, 18 6-10acres5 New York, with galleries, 4 9-10 acres 
 (a space not quite equal to one-half of that occupied by the Agricultural 
 Building of the Centennial Exhibition alone,) and Munich, with galleries, 
 4 4-10 acres. The area covered by each of the five principal buildings of the 
 Centennial Exhibition is as follows : — Main Building, 21 2- acres : Art Gallery, 
 
152 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 IJ acres; Machinery Hall, 14 acres; Horticultural Hall, IJ acres; Agri- 
 cultural Building, 10^ acres. In addition to these, are the number of 
 smaller buildings, mentioned in preceeding pages, used in the administration 
 of the Exhibition, and the special buildings erected by foreign governments 
 and different States of the Union and various large industries, making in all 
 75 acres. The plans of the grounds embraces seven miles of roads and foot- 
 walks, all of them of a substantial character ; quite a number of bridges and 
 summei>-houses, etc. There is a complete system of mains and drains, and the 
 Exhibition, in addition to being able to draw from the George’s Hill city 
 reservoir, which is just outside the enclosure, and has 40,000,000 gallons 
 capacity, will have an independent source of supply on the Schuylkill river ; 
 pumping-engines being placed there especially for the Exhibition, which will 
 have a daily capacity of 6,000,000 gallons. It will thus be seen that the water sup- 
 ply will be ample ; like steam and exhibition space, it will be furnished free of cost. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING SPECIAL EVENTS OCCUR DURING THE EXPOSITION: 
 
 Centennial ceremonies. May 10 ; grand ceremonies on the Fourth of July; 
 harvesting display in Bucks county, in June and July ; trials of steam ploughs 
 and tillage implements at the same place, in September and October; exhibi- 
 tion of horses, mules and asses, September 1 to 15; exhibition of horned 
 cattle, September 20 to October 5 ; exhibition of sheep, swine, goats and dogs, 
 October 10 to 25, and the exhibition of poultry, October 28 to November 10; 
 gathering of the Order of Good Templars, June 13 ; international regatta at 
 New York, June 22; yacht regatta on the Delaware, June; special gathering 
 of the Sons of Temperance, June ; international series of cricket matches, June 
 and September; Congress of Authors in Independence Hall, July 2; parade 
 of Catholic societies and dedication of the T. A. B. Fountain, July 4 ; parade 
 of military organizations, July 4 ; parade of the Knights of Pythias, August 
 22; international rowing regatta, August 20 to September 15; international 
 rifle matches, September ; international medical Congress, September 4, and 
 on September 20 the parade of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. 
 
 THE FOREIGN NATIONS WHICH WILL EXHIBIT ARE 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 Norway, 
 
 Chili, 
 
 Bolivia, 
 
 France, 
 
 Egypt, 
 
 Peru, 
 
 Nicaraugua, 
 
 Austria, 
 
 Denmark, 
 
 Argentine Con- 
 
 Colombia, 
 
 Germany, 
 
 Turkey, 
 
 federation, 
 
 Liberia, 
 
 Belgium, 
 
 Tunis, 
 
 Sandwich Islands, 
 
 Ecuador, 
 
 Holland, 
 
 Switzerland, 
 
 China, 
 
 Orange Free 
 
 Sweden, 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 Japan, 
 
 (Africa) 
 
 Spain, 
 
 Venezula, 
 
 Australia, 
 
 Guatemala, 
 
 Portugal, 
 
 Brazil, 
 
 Canada, 
 
 Salvador, 
 
 Italy, 
 
 Ilussia, 
 
 Greece, 
 
 Honduras, 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 15a 
 
 THE ENTRANCES. 
 
 The grounds are enclosed and have thirteen entrance gates. 
 
 1st. Entrance at the east end of the Main Building. The main approach 
 for carriages. 
 
 2d. Entrance between the Main Building and Machinery Hall, for visitors 
 by street cars and the Pennsylvania railroad. 
 
 3d. Entrance from George’s Hill. 
 
 4th. At the intersection of Belmont avenue with the Park Drive. 
 
 5th. Entrance for visitors by the Reading railroad, at their depot. 
 
 6th. Entrance in Belmont Valley for visitors by steamboats. 
 
 7th. Entrance in front of the Grand Conservatory. 
 
 8th. Entrance for visitors arriving on the Junction railroad and by steam- 
 boats in the Lansdowne Valley. 
 
 9th. Entrance to Art Gallery. 
 
 All these entrances will be fitted up with self-registering turn-stiles. 
 
 THE SAWYER OBSERVATORY, NEAR BELMONT MANSION. 
 
 The Observatory is of iron, tubular in form, 8 feet diameter at base, and 200 
 feet high. Its location is 310 feet above the city level, giving an entire height 
 of 510 feet. An annular car, 20 feet in diameter, elegantly upholstered, 
 ascends from the base to the summit of the Observatory, and from which a 
 magnificent view of the Centennial grounds, Eairmount Park and the city 
 is obtained. 
 
 CENTENNIAL LINE, 
 
 Narrow-gauge, double-track road, inside the Centennial grounds. This line 
 is about six miles in length, and is handsomely equipped with forty palace 
 cars and five engines sent for exhibition. It extends along the entire north 
 front of the Main Exhibition Building and Machinery Hall, then southwardly 
 to the Forty-second street entrance, around the base of George’s Hill, by the^ 
 English Buildings, across Belmont avenue at the northernmost limit of the 
 Exhibition grounds, and along the slope in front of Belmont Mansion, making 
 the circuit'of Agricultural Hall, returning on the east side of Belmont avenue 
 near Horticultural Hall, thence eastwardly between Memorial Hall (Art 
 Gallery) and the Main Exhibition Building to the carriage concourse at the; 
 point of beginning. Fare, 5 cents. 
 
154 
 
 GUIDE OE PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE WORLD’S TICKET AND INQUIRY BUILDING. 
 
 COOK, SON & JENKINS, 
 
 The American branch of the celebrated firm of 
 
 THOMAS COOK & SON, OF LONDON, 
 
 TOURIST AND EXCURSION MANAGERS, 
 
 have erected within the International Exhibition Grounds, on Belmont avenue, 
 immediately north of the Machinery Hall, a World’s Ticket and Inquiry Ofi&ce, 
 the business of which will be conducted, under the direct supervision of Mr. 
 Thomas Cook, the senior member of the firm, by an experienced staff of 
 intelligent officials brought from their various offices from different parts of the 
 world, able to speak any language likely to be required, and to give informa- 
 tion in regard to facilities, time and expense, and also to supply the traveling 
 tickets for a journey to any part of America, Europe, Asia or Africa, or for a 
 journey around the world. 
 
 The American or Canadian who may desire to extend his trip beyond 
 Philadelphia, as well as the foreign visitor, who desires to see Niagara Falls 
 >or the St. Lawrence river 5 the White Mountains or the Great Lakes ; the 
 National Capital or the wonders of the West; no matter how extended and 
 ■complicated the route he proposes to travel, will find at this Office Tourist 
 Tickets prepared for his benefit. 
 
 The arrangements include hundreds of short, pleasant and cheap tours, 
 embracing all points of interest, and every section of the country ; all at special 
 .and lovr rates. The tickets present also the additional advantage, that, not 
 being limited in time, they permit the traveler to stop en route at pleasure. 
 
 Tourist Tickets to all parts of the United States and Canada; to Great 
 Britain and the continent of Europe ; to Egypt and Palestine ; around the 
 world, traveling East or West ; by all lines of steamers crossing the xVtlantic 
 and the Pacific oceans, continue to be sold as usual at the regular Philadelphia 
 ■Office of Messrs. Cook, Son & Jenkins, No. 614 Chestnut street. 
 
THE WORED's ticket AMJ I.NAiUlRV JU JLOING. 
 
GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIi^ 
 
 \5G 
 
 FACILITIES OF ACCESS TO THE EXHIBITION GKOUNDS. 
 
 The location of the Exhibition on the west bank of the Schuylkill is about 
 three miles from the centre of the city of Philadelphia. Ten bridges connect 
 the east and west banks of the Schuylkill within limits that admit of their 
 use in reaching the Exhibition from the city. Three of these are exclusively 
 for railroads, six for that of the public, and one for the joint use of both. The 
 four railroad bridges will be used during the Exhibition by passenger trains, 
 which will be run to it at short intervals from distinct and populous sections 
 of the city. The depots for these trains are close to the Exhibition Buildings, 
 and visitors so arriving, as in other cases, will be admitted through commodi- 
 ous entrances with little or no delay. 
 
 The Philadelphia system of street railways occupies, with but few excep- 
 tions, all the thoroughfares, and each road connects with every other. From 
 any part of the city, therefore, the visitor may reach the Exhibition and re- 
 turn to within a square or single block of his hotel or residence. 
 
 Five lines of these city passenger railways run to the main entrance of the 
 Exhibition, as will also that of another line from West Philadelphia. 
 
 By these, and the city steam railways, all direct to the door of the Exhibi- 
 tion, a very much larger number than were ever in an exhibition building at 
 one time can be taken to or from the Exhibition without a cab or carriage to 
 residences, depots or hotels in any part of the city ; the expense from any part of 
 the city to the Exhibition not exceeding nine cents. This is a feature entirely 
 novel, and not connected with any former exhibition. But to those living outside 
 the city this convenience of access is no less remarkable. With no more expense 
 than the ordinary cab fare of the European exhibitions, visitors may daily visit the 
 Exhibition and return in the evening from all places within a radius of one 
 hundred miles from Philadelphia. These facts will prove a source of astonish- 
 ment not only to foreigners, but even to many of our own people — a capacity 
 in the railway system of the Philadelphia Exhibition now fully tested and 
 complete, and for cheapness, rapidity and comfort for large numbers, not 
 approached in any former exhibitions. 
 
 THE CONVEYANCES TO THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS. 
 
 The following City Passenger railways run direct to the grounds: — Fare, 7 
 cents, or four tickets for twenty-five cents. Chestnut and Walnut Streets, 
 running out Walnut street, to Twenty-second street, to Chestnut and 
 out Lancaster avenue. Market Street Line, going west. Arch Street Line, 
 going west. Race and Vine Streets Line, going out Vine street. Girard 
 Avenue Line, going west ; Fourth and Eighth Streets Line give transfer 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 157 
 
 passes for Girard avenue, for the one fare. All other city lines (except Union 
 and Ridge avenue) going north and south, give exchange tickets, good on the 
 above lines at junction, for 9 cents. 
 
 STEAM RAILROADS TO THE GROUNDS. 
 
 Pennsylvania Central have erected a depot, 650 feet long, and 100 feet 
 wide, on west side of Elm avenue, opposite the main entrance to the Exhi- 
 bition, and will convey passengers from their Philadelphia depot. Thirty- 
 second and Market streets, to the grounds at very short intervals. By this 
 Line visitors from the East, West and South, will be taken direct to the Exhi- 
 bition, without having to first pass through Philadelphia. 
 
 Philadelphia and Reading Railroad — depot. Thirteenth and Callowhill 
 streets — have a depot near the Exhibition grounds. 
 
 North Pennsylvania Railroad — depot, Berks and America streets, and 
 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, corner Broad and Wash- 
 ington avenue, connect with Pennsylvania Central, thence to the Exhibition 
 Buildings. 
 
 Besides these, there is the Exhibition Transfer Company, who run a light 
 and elegant wagonette, comfortably seating ten passengers, from Ninth and 
 Chestnut and Broad and Chestnut streets, direct to the grounds. This is the 
 most pleasant and comfortable way of reaching the Exhibition. Fare fifty 
 cents. 
 
 In addition to the facilities of steam and street cars, there is a line of steam- 
 boats run from the vicinity of the Waterworks, at Fairmount, near Fairmount 
 avenue, or Green 'Street Entrance, to Belmont Landing, thence about ten' 
 minutes walk, afibrding a diversified and pleasant route to the Exhibition. 
 
 Spruce and Pine Streets, Green and Fairmount Avenue, Race and Vine 
 Streets and Callowhill Street railways, also, Fairmount Branch of the Union 
 Line, run to Fairmount, near the Waterworks, where you take the steamer; 
 and if you are a good pedestrian, have a most delightful walk through the 
 Park, crossing the magnificent Girard Avenue Bridge, and out the Lansdowne 
 drive to the Centennial Buildings — occupying about 30 minutes. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 159 
 
 THE ZOOLOGICAL GAKDEN, 
 
 FAIR3IOUNT PARK, PUILADELPUIA. 
 
 The Zoological Society was incorporated in 1859, and a site in the East 
 Park selected *, but before any advance had been made, the late civil war 
 broke out and the project was laid aside, until the dark cloud had passed over. 
 Then the site chosen in the East Park was found too small and inconvenient ; 
 when the commodious and beautiful grounds they now occupy in the West 
 Park was selected, and a perpetual lease given by the Park Commissioners, 
 June 5, 1873. It covers an area of 33 acres, with a splendid river front, and 
 in every way well calculated for the desired purpose. The Garden was 
 opened to the public, July 1, 1874. The Society intends establishing a Zoo- 
 logical Garden, second to none in the world, and we see no reason why Phila- 
 delphia, with all its wealth, enterprise and advantages should not possess in 
 time as fine a garden as the famed Zoological Garden, Regent’s Park, London ; 
 and no doubt it will, for the Society has agents in every part of the world, 
 from whom it receives rare and interesting specimens on frequent occasions. 
 In May, 1874, Congress passed a bill admitting free of duty all beasts, birds, 
 and reptiles intended for the Zoological Garden. The sale of spirituous- 
 liquors have been forever prohibited inside the Garden. The Garden is open 
 from 10 A. M. until sunset every day, including Sunday. A broad walk from 
 Lemon Hill via Girard Avenue Bridge takes you to the north entrance, and 
 turning to the right the first building presented is the 
 
 CARNIVORA nOUSE, 
 
 a pleasant and healthy home for the great carnivora and other animals placed 
 therein ; not far from the Carnivora House is 
 
 THE MONKEY HOUSE, 
 
 a substantial, convenient and ornamental building, erected at a cost of §7,000. 
 Here is found 'a large number of the quadrumana family of difierent species. 
 The crowd of visitors attending the monkeys’ levees is an evidence that the 
 Monkey House is one of the greatest attractions of the Garden. 
 
 THE AVIARY, 
 
 a highly ornamental and convenient structure, and in which will be found 
 rare and beautiful birds from all parts of the old and the new world. The 
 building cost about $5,000. 
 
 THE FOX PENS, 
 
 are west of the Aviary. 
 
160 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 The Wolf Pens, adjoins the Fox Pens on the north ; The Racoon House, 
 on the same walk, north •, The Prairie Dog Village, is directly opposite the 
 Aviary ; The Bear Pits, will be found at the eastern side of the Garden, on 
 the river walk. The structure is divided into three compartments, each having 
 contrivances for the pleasure and the comfort of the bears. 
 
10 * 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 163 
 
 TUE MANSION, 
 
 called “Solitude,’’ was erected by John Penn, 1785. He was a grandson of 
 the founder, William Penn. Many of the fine old trees which now adorn 
 the grounds were planted by his own hand. 
 
 THE LAKE, 
 
 situated in the southern portion of the grounds, and here during the summer, 
 the swan and other aquatic birds have a pleasant home. During the winter 
 season, when the surface of the Lake is frozen it is used for skating. 
 
 THE SUN DIAL, 
 
 at the northern gate. By it the sun marks the time at Pekin, Cairo, Berlin, 
 Dublin and Philadelphia. 
 
 FEEDING-TIME OF THE ANIMALS. 
 
 Lions, (except Sundays) 4.00 P. M. 
 
 Tigers, “ 4.00 “ 
 
 Eagles, “ 3.30 “ 
 
 Elephants, “ 10.00 A. M. and 4.30 “ 
 
 Bhinoceros, “ 10.00 “ and 4.30 “ 
 
 All others twice a day. Admission, 25 cents ; children under ten years, 
 10 cents. 
 
 THE SCHUYLKILL NAVY 
 
 WAS ORGANIZED OCTOBER 5, 1858. 
 
 The Boat Houses are situated on the east bank of the Schuylkill river, just 
 above the dam, and front the beautiful river-drive, leading 
 under the Girard Avenue Bridge, into 
 East Fairmount Park. 
 
 CLUBS CONSTITUTING THE NAVY. 
 
 Jas. M. Ferguson, Commodore. 
 
 UNIVERSITY BARGE CLUB, 
 
 OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Organized April 25th, 1854. Incorporated March 7th, 1870, 
 and was one of the founders of the Schuylkill Navy. 
 
 The Boat House is built of Serpentine pointed with Sandstone, 21 by 28 
 feet, with INIansard roof, bay window and balconies, finished inside with 
 Cypress wood. Cost, $5,500. Furniture and Fixtures, $1,150. Cost of Boats 
 and Oars, $2,520. Total amount invested, $9,170. 
 
AND 'centennial EXHIBITION. 
 
 105 
 
 UNDINE BADGE CLUB, 
 
 OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Organized May 9tli, 1856. Incorporated June 12th, 1871, 
 and was one of the founders of the Schuylkill Navy. 
 
 The Club occupies under lease a portion of the Philadelphia Skating Club 
 House, which is built of Graystone, and is valued at $12,000. 
 
 The Club owns a fine frame Club House at the Falls of Schuylkill, valued 
 at $2,000. Cost of Boats and Uniforms, $4,750. Total amount invested by 
 Club, $6,750. 
 
 QUAKER CITY BARGE CLUB. 
 
 Organized October 20th, 1858. Incorporated March 22d, 1867. 
 
 Admitted, October 26th, 1858. • 
 
 The Boat House is a two-story stone structure, having on the first floor two 
 rooms used exclusively for the storage of boats and oars, and on the second 
 floor, also, two rooms 5 one used as a dressing apartment, and the other as a 
 reception room. Cost of Boats and Oars, $2,575. Cost of House and Furni- 
 ture, $7,500. Total amount invested, $10,075. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA BOAT CLUB. 
 
 Organized May, 1861. Not incorporated. 
 
 Entered the Navy August 17th, 1865. 
 
 The Boat House is built of Micaceous Granite, 25 by GO’ feet, with Mansard 
 roof and balcony on river front, and is finished inside with stained yellow 
 pine. Cost of Boats and Oars, $2,600. Cost of House and Furniture, $5,500. 
 Total amount invested, $8,100. 
 
 MALTA BOAT CLUB. 
 
 Organized February, 1860. Not incorporated. 
 
 Entered the Na.vy August 22d, 1865. 
 
 The Boat House is two stories high, and is built of Graystone. The boat 
 floor is 17 feet 6 inches by 50 feet. The dressing and reception room on the 
 second floor is 17 by 32 feet, handsomely furnished. Cost of house and furni- 
 ture, $4,100. Cost of Boats and Oars, $1,900. Total amount invested, $6,000. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA BARGE CLUB. 
 
 Organized December 8th, 1862. Incorporated July 13th, 1870. 
 
 Entered the Navy August 17th, 1865. 
 
 The Boat House is built of Serpentine with Sandstone trimmings, 21 by 
 58 feet, with IMansard roof, bay window and balconies. Cost, $5,000. Cost 
 of Boats and Oars, $2,500. Total amount invested, $7,500. 
 
160 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 CRESCENT BOAT CLUB. 
 
 Organized December 1st, 1867. Incorporated January 26th, 1874. 
 
 Entered the Navy February 3d, 1868 
 
 The Boat House is built of Granite dressed with Brownstone, Gothic style, 
 two stories high, 25 by 60 feet. The second story is divided into a dressing 
 room finished in oak, trimmed with walnut, and a reception room, handsomely 
 furnished. Cost of house and furniture, $4,500. Cost of Boats and Oars, 
 $3,000. Total amount invested, $7,500. 
 
 WEST PIIILADELPHIxV BOAT CLUB. 
 
 Organized April 7th 1871. Incorporated March 4th, 1873. 
 
 Entered the Navy April 3d, 1873. 
 
 The Boat House is situated on the west bank of the Schuylkill river, near 
 Gray’s Ferry Bridge. Total amount invested, $4,200. 
 
 COLLEGE BOAT CLUB 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Organized September 30th, 1872. Incorporated October, 1875. 
 
 Entered the Navy April 4th, 1875. 
 
 The Boat House is built in the Gothic style, of Brownstone, two stories 
 high, 26 by 66 feet, height 43 feet. The second story is a clear loft, 21 
 feet high, with carved rafters, and is divided into parlor and members’ room, 
 both of which are furnished in a costly manner. Cost of house, $8,000. Cost 
 of Boats and Fittings, $1,539. Total amount invested, $9,539 
 
 INTERNATIONAL ROWING REGATTA. 
 
 Among the Athletic sports that will be held during the Exhibition will be 
 a series of boat races on the Schuylkill river, a broad, beautiful stream, gener- 
 ally acknowledged among rowing men as one of the finest rowing courses in 
 America, having high banks on each side and in full view of the Exhibition 
 Buildings. 
 
 The races, while under control of the United States Centennial Commission, 
 are under the local management of the Schuylkill Navy. 
 
 The Schuylkill Navy has given a number of open regattas •, and from its 
 past record and the experience of its memljcrs in conducting races, we have 
 abundant guarantee that this scries of regattas in 1876 will be most successful. 
 
 The Schuylkill Navy, besides furnishing quarters for the boats of visiting 
 crows in their own boat house, will erect temporary boat houses in the 
 Park, and will thus be enabled to accommodate all who may accept their invi- 
 tation to take part in the races. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 167 
 
 Arrangements have been made to hold the following races : 
 
 F iRST — An International Race will be held, open to all regular organized boat 
 <;lubs throughput the world, to be rowed in accordance with the rules 
 of the National Amateur Rowing Association of the United States; the 
 prizes to be a piece of plate each for fours, for pairs, for doubles and for 
 single sculls ; and in addition, medals to be presented to each man rowing in 
 the race, to be of gold for the winning crew, for the second crew of silver, and 
 the remainder of bronze. 
 
 Second — An International College Race for four-oared shells, will be held, 
 the prize to be a piece of plate, with a gold medal to each member of the 
 winning crew ; open only to under graduates. ♦ 
 
 Third — An International Graduates’ Race will be held for four-oared shells, 
 open only to graduates of Colleges or Universities ; the prize being a piece of 
 plate, and a gold medal to each member of the winning crew. 
 
 No person will be allowed to row in both the International College Race 
 and International Graduates’ Race. 
 
 Fourth — Professional Races will be held, open to all crews throughout the 
 world, for four-oared, pair-oared and single scull shells for purses, the amounts 
 of which will be announced prior to the races. 
 
 The races will be held between the 20th of August and the 15th of Sep- 
 tember, and the entries shall be closed on July 15th. 
 
 The Amateur Races will be rowed in heats one and a half miles straight-a 
 way. The Professional Races will be rowed in heats of three miles, one and 
 u half miles and return. 
 
 Besides the above prizes, the “Jury on Rowing” of the United States Cen- 
 tennial Commission, who will have an oversight of all the races, will award 
 the Diploma and Medal of the Commission to the victors. 
 
 The National Amateur Rowing Association will hold their annual regatta 
 over the same course (the National) either previous to or immediately after 
 the above International races. 
 
 The designs for the prizes have been decided upon by the Mayor, Commo- 
 dore Ferguson, and others of the sub-committee. The several medals are to be 
 of gold, silver and bronze. The gold one is for the winning crew ; silver for 
 the second in the race, and the bronze for all the participants. The medals 
 will be circular in form, and in the centre in has relief, will be a single-scull 
 oarsman pulling ; over him is a scroll, and the outer edge contains thirteen 
 stars. The reverse is plain. Attached to the medals will be a pendant loop 
 of quite a pretty design. The diamond badge, for winners of single shell 
 Taces, has upon it the Schuylkill Navy flags carved and surmounted by a 
 scroll. Below, in the centre, is the monogram of the navy, in a shield, sur- 
 mounted by bent sculls entwined with laurel leaves. A pedestal has raised 
 
1G8 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 devices of a rudder and foot-board, and below this, in bas relief, is a rower in 
 a single-shell. The bottom of the badge is composed of crossed oars, with a 
 lantern and a scroll depending therefrom. For the pair-oared race the prize 
 will be a magnificent punch-bowl ; the top is embellished with the figures of 
 two oars-men stripped and each holding aloft on oar ; on the sides are the 
 heads of eagles thrust through laurel wreaths, and on the sides are wreaths, 
 with boat-hooks and palm leaves 5 the base is of ebony and decorated with 
 festoons, rosettes, and laurel leaves ; on the reverse side is a space for engrav- 
 ing the name of the winner. For the graduates’ race the prize is a large vase ; 
 on the sides at the bulb are the figures of herons about devouring frogs ; on 
 the sides are the letters “1. H. R.” — International Rowing Regatta; there 
 are within a shield flanked by oars, over which is a scroll containing the 
 figures “ 1776 — 1876;” the shank rests upon the arch of a bridge, through 
 which is passing a four-oared shell, vigorously pulled by the crew ; all rests 
 upon a base which represents the water of a river. For the double-scull race 
 a simple, but pretty, prize was adopted. It represents two oarsman ready for 
 work, and carrying their boat down to the water and their oars on their 
 shoulders. On the base is a blank for an appropriate inscription. For the 
 college regatta the prize is contributed by George W. Childs, Esq., of the 
 Public Ledger, and comprises a tureen of magnificent design, the upper part 
 being embellished with the heads of eagles. The tureen rests on a shank consist- 
 ing of a silver globe, flanked by four oars. The globe rests on two columns 
 for side supports, and a representation of old Independence Bell for the centre 
 support. The Bell has on it the United States coat-of-arms, and the columns 
 the coats-of-arms of England and Ireland. On the lid of the tureen is a figure 
 of Victory. For the international four-oared shell race is also a handsome 
 tureen, having on its sides views of the Schuylkill. The top is a representa- 
 tion of the dome of the Capitol at Washington, surmounted by the statue of 
 America. The shank has the flags of all nations, in colors entwined around 
 it, and base is of marble of different colors. 
 
 REGATTA COMMITTEE. 
 
 A. Kkumbharr, Philadelphia Barge Cluh^ 
 Ex. Committee Nat. Association Chairm’n. 
 E. S. Miles, University Barge Club. 
 
 W. R. Tucker, Undine Barge Club. 
 
 G. W. Parker, (Quaker City Barge Club, Ex. 
 Committee National Association. 
 
 F. W. Murphy, Pennsylvania Barge Club. 
 Isaac Bedichimer, Malta Boat Club. 
 
 H. R. Barnhurst, Crescent Boat Club. 
 
 H. V. Stillwell, West Philadelphia Boat 
 Club. 
 
 Dr. Daniel Bray, College Boat Club. 
 
 Jonathan Gillingiiaai, Secretary. 
 
 James M. Ferguson, Commodore. 
 John Hocklev, Jr., Vice Commodore* 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 1G9 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 In or about Philadelphia, we have very many beautiful and magnificent “cities 
 of the dead.” We shall speak of a few of the more prominent ones, and can 
 assure the stranger that a visit to them will be a source of gratification. 
 
 LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 
 
 “ Oh, bury me where flowers grow, 
 
 Birdies sing, and waters flow.” 
 
 If the above writer’s prayer could be consuinated. Laurel Hill would surely 
 be the spot, and if any place selected as a resting-place for the dead be relieved of 
 its solemn or painful emotions. Laurel Hill can certainly be claimed as pos- 
 sessing that charm. 
 
 SCENE IN LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 
 
 Nothing can be more romantic and lovely than a trip to Laurel Hill in one 
 of the little Fairmount steamers up the Schuylkill, gliding gracefully under- 
 neath the picturesque bridges, passing its green little islets, and arriving at 
 the marble-studded heights which crown the home of the dead. Here rest 
 the remains of distinguished soldiers, statesmen, divines and civilians — 
 
ENTRANCE TO WEST LACKEE HI 1,1; CEMETEKV. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, 
 
 171 
 
 General Hugh Mercer, a hero of Princeton ; General George Mead, the hero 
 of Gettysburg; General Frank Patterson, General Chas. F. Smith, Commo- 
 dore Isaac Hull, of frigate Constitution fame ; John Fitch, the inventor of the 
 steamboat ; Dr. Kane, the great Arctic explorer, and many others of note. 
 
 The main entrance is from Kidge avenue, through a building of brown stone, 
 having a splendid corridor of Doric columns. 
 
 At the entrance the visitor finds himself viewing a scene of loveliness. The 
 surface is undulating, sloping on the western side to the Schuylkill ; the ex- 
 tensive grounds being beautifully laid out, and covered with a forest of 
 marble and granite shafts ; the most elaborate and magnificent monuments. 
 Just inside the gate is Thom’s celebrated group of “ Old Mortality.” The 
 grounds is divided into three sections, known as North, South and Central 
 Laurel Hill. Laurel Hill Cemetery Company was incorporated in 1835 ; 
 the first interment being made October, 1836. There are about twenty-five 
 thousand persons buried in it. 
 
 WEST LAUREL HILL, 
 
 on the opposite side of the river, about a mile above, and a newer cemetery 
 than Laurel Hill. It is on a bluff projecting into the Schuylkill river, above 
 which it rises 225 feet ; at this great elevation views of remarkable beauty are 
 obtained on the eastern river front, reaching up the valley of the Schuylkill to 
 Flat Rock dam, and down the river to Chamouni and Laurel Hill. 
 
 West Laurel Hill is the latest cemetery connected with the city, being 
 incorporated November, 1869. At present it contains one hundred and 
 ten acres ; but the charter permits its increase to three hundred acres. 
 
 In the vicinity of Laurel Hill are situated a number of smaller cemeteries — 
 Mount Vernon, Glenwood, Mount Peace, and several society cemeteries ; and 
 some important ones situated in parts which have still a rural aspect. Monu- 
 ment Cemetery, situated at Broad and Berks streets, founded in 1837, is 
 remarkable for a splendid granite monument to the joint memories of 
 Washington and La Fayette ; Mount Moriah Cemetery on Kingsessing avenue, 
 West Philadelphia, is very large and has great natural and artificial attrac- 
 tions. Cathedral Cemetery, the burying ground of the Roman Catholic 
 denomination, located at Forty-eighth street, near Girard avenue. West 
 Philadelphia. It contains 43 acres, and contains many elegant monuments. 
 
 WOODLAND CEMETERY, 
 
 situated on the Darby road and Thirty-ninth street, fronting the Schuylkill 
 river, is one of the most attractive burying grounds of the city. Some of the 
 most magnificent and imposing monuments Avill be found here. Here is buried 
 Lieutenant John T. Greblc, the first officer of the regular army to fall in the 
 late war. 
 
172 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 SCENE IN WOODLAND CEMETERV, 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 173 
 
 INDIAN ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 On a reservation in the Centennial Grounds, at the foot of George’s Hill, 
 near the Japanese building, vrill be found one of the most interesting features 
 of the Exhibition — the Indian Encampment. Here will be found over 300 
 aborigines representing 53 tribes, under the direct supervision of the famous 
 Texan guide and scout, George Anderson. Every tribe is represented by from 
 four to eight persons ot different ages and both sexes, and in order that the 
 original inhabitants of America may appear at their best, only the very best 
 families have been selected for the Exhibition. Many of the visitors from th 
 frontier are the chiefs of tribes and their families. Mobile almost all the others 
 are persons distinguished for deeds of daring, perfection of form and feature, 
 or the possession of other rare gifts or attainments. The red-skinned guests 
 are in other words, the creme de la creme of Indian society. A number of 
 lodges, utensils, weapons of warfare, implements of agriculture and manufac- 
 ture were brought by the Indians ; as were also a large number of ponies and 
 dogs. They will carry on their various occupations, including the weaving of 
 blankets and belts •, the method of dressing buffalo, and other skins •, the 
 manufacture of pottery 5 construction of stone implements, and the making of 
 moccasins, baskets, ornaments, etc. Among those represented, are the W arm 
 Spring braves — Charlie, a half-brother of Scar-faced Charlie ; Clamtaskina, 
 chief of the tribe, and his daughter, Jennie, aged 17 ; Aska, a Comanche 
 brave-, Telia (Spring), chief of the Kiowas, and his daughter, Kotella (Bud- 
 ding Spring) 5 Running Water, a Pawnee brave ; Tontonqua, a Pawnee 
 brave; Walking-water Bill, a Pawnee, one of the very few full-blooded 
 Indians who can wear a moustache and beard ; Buffalo Hump, chief of the 
 Comanches ; Fire-water Jim, the Comanche brave, who prevented a general 
 massacre between Brownsville and Eagle Place, by carrying the news to Fort 
 Sill, and several others from the Arrapahoe, Piute and Apache tribes. The 
 two princesses accompanying the party, are pretty, modest, intelligent, and in 
 these respects evidence the vast difference which exists between women of the 
 higher and lower grades of Indians of the present. One great peculiarity 
 which marks them distinct from all other races is — that they never express, 
 either by word or sign — amazement, admiration, or disappointment ; they note 
 every detail at a glance, but never show by outward sign the effect which 
 strange scenes produce upon their minds. Anything which pleases them they 
 survey critically and pronounce it ‘‘good.” 
 
 A few words concerning the peculiar history of their guide and interpreter, 
 George Anderson, may not here be out of place. He was born and raised at 
 Sherman, Texas, where lie became expert in all the athletic requirements of 
 his wild companions, and at the beginning of the war he enlisted in Terry’s 
 
174 
 
 GUIDE or PHILADELPHIA 
 
 8th Regiment, known as the Texas Rangers. When General Grant captured 
 Fort Sill in 1862, Anderson’s cousin, Charlie, was mortally wounded in the 
 fight, and as George refused to desert him, he was taken prisoner. Some 
 weeks afterwards General Grant’s favorite horse broke away, and would have 
 been lost had not Anderson mounted the fleetest steed at the fort, and, dash- 
 ing over the plains, captured the runaway with his lasso. Of this excellent 
 opportunity to escape Anderson did not take advantage, and upon returning 
 the horse to the General, he was permitted to go back to his regiment. At the 
 close of the war, Anderson applied to General Mitchell, of Fort Sill, for a 
 position as guide and scout for the Government, and his application was 
 forwarded to General Grant, who replied: “Give him anything he wants.” 
 Since that time George has been regularly employed by the Government ; his 
 territory extending from Brownsville, Texas, to Chiwawa, New Mexico; and 
 in hundreds of instances his coolness, daring and thorough familiarity with 
 the country has proved of the greatest advantage. He will remain in Phila- 
 delphia until the close of the Exhibition, when he will accompany the tribes 
 under his charge back to their western homes. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA CITY PASSENGER RAILWAY DIRECTORY. 
 
 Single Fare, 7 cents ; 4 Tickets, 25 cents ; (these Tickets are good on all 
 roads) ; Children under ten years, 4 cents : Exchange Ticket, 9 cents. 
 
 Exchange Tickets are sold by all conductors (except those of the Union 
 and Ridge Avenue Lines) ; so that a person going north or south can ex- 
 change with a car going east or west (or vice versa) and thereby go from one 
 portion of the city to almost any other portion for 9 cents. 
 
 All roads having Branch Lines give transfer tickets without extra charge. 
 
 Night cars are run on the Chestnut and Walnut streets, Tenth and Eleventh 
 streets. Thirteenth and Fifteenth streets, and Union Lines, after midnight. The 
 Market street line also run cars from West Philadelphia depot, upon arrival of 
 trains after midnight. Fare, 10 cents, or two tickets; no exchange tickets 
 sold, or taken, on night cars. 
 
 Some of the lines run cars (for short distances) on the tracks of other lines, 
 so that persons should be careful and take the right car, which can be done 
 with a little observation, as all the cars of the different roads are plainly 
 marked. 
 
 The following are the names and routes of the different lines : 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 175 
 
 Arch Street P. R. W. Co.— Y ellow car, green 
 — Route — Down Hamilton to Twenty- 
 filth, to Spring Garden, to Twentieth, to Arch, 
 to Second, returning up Arch to Twenty-first, 
 to Callowhill, to depot, and out to Centennial 
 Buildings. 
 
 Chestnut and Walnut Streets— Phila- 
 delphia City P.R.W. Co.— G reen car, red light. 
 Route — From depot Forty-second street, down 
 Chestnut to Front, to Walnut, to Twenty- 
 second, to Chestnut, to depot, corner Forty- 
 second. 
 
 Fairmount Park Branch.— Yellow car, ma- 
 roon light. Route — Down Belmont av. to Lan- 
 caster av., to Thirty-second, to Chestnut, to 
 Front, to Walnut, to Twenty-second, to Chest- 
 nut, to Thirty-second, to Lancaster av., to 
 Belmont av.. to depot and Centennial grounds. 
 
 Darby Branch. — Red car, white light. 
 Route — Down Darby rd., to Woodland av., to 
 Chestnut, to Front, to Walnut, to Twenty- 
 second, to Chestnut, to Woodland av.,to Darby 
 rd., to Darby. 
 
 Mount Moriah Branch. — Blue car, white 
 light. Route— Same as Darby Branch as far as 
 Mount Moriah. 
 
 Callowhill Street— People’s P. R W.Co. 
 Yellow car. Route — From Park entrance to 
 Biddle, to Twenty-fourth, to Callowhill, to 
 Front, to Vine, to Delaware av., returning 
 alongVine, to York av., to Callowhill, to Schuyl- 
 kill River and Park entrance. 
 
 Centennial Line (West End P. R. W. Co.) — 
 Narrow-gauge double track road, inside the 
 Centennial Grounds. This line is about six 
 miles in length and is handsomely equiped 
 with forty palace cars and five engines, sent for 
 exhibition. 
 
 It will extend along the entire north front 
 of the Main Exhibition Building and Machi- 
 nery Hall, thence southwardly to the Fifty- 
 second street entrance, around the base of 
 George’s Hill, by the English Buildings, across 
 Belmont avenue at the northernmost limit of 
 the Exhibition Grounds and along the slope 
 in front of Belmont Mansion, making the cir- 
 cuit of Agricultural Hall, returning on the 
 east side of Belmont avenue near Horticultural 
 Hall, thence eastwardly between Memorial 
 Hall (Art Gallery) and the Main Exhibition 
 Building to the carriage concourse at the point 
 of beginning. Fare five cents. 
 
 Eighteenth & Twentieth Sts. — Continen- 
 tal P. R. W. Co. — From Montgomery av., and 
 Eighteenth, up Montgomery av. to Twentieth, 
 to Ridge av., to South College av., to Corinthian 
 av., to Parrish, Twentieth, to Federal, to Eigh- 
 teenth, to Francis, to Perkiomen, to Vineyard, 
 to Ridge av., to Eighteenth, to depot at Mont- 
 gomery av. The charter of the company 
 authorizes it to build several branch roads. 
 
 Fifth and Sixth Streets, Frankford & 
 Southwark P. R. W. Co.— Y ellow car, red light. 
 Route— Down Kensington av., to Front, to 
 Berks, to Sixth, to Jackson to Fifth, up Fifth, 
 1 o Berks, to Front, to Kensington av., to depot, 
 corner Cumberland. , 
 
 Lehigh Avenue and Powell Street 
 Branch. — Green car, green light. Route — Up 
 Kensington av. to Lehigh av., to Sixth, down 
 Sixth to Powell, to Fifth, up Fifth to Lehigh 
 av., to Kensington av., to depot. 
 
 Frankford Steam Line. — Branch of Fifth 
 and Sixth. Down Frankford street to Kensing- 
 ton av., to Cumberland, to depot and return. 
 
 Fourth & Eighth Streets — Germantown 
 P. R. W. Co. — Yellow car, green light. Route 
 — Down Dauphin, to Germantown av., to 
 Fourth, to Dickinson, to Eighth, up Eighth to 
 Columbia av., to Seventh, to Susquehana 
 av., to Eighth, to depot. Eighth and Dau- 
 phin. Each alternate car turns up Walnut to 
 Eighth. 
 
 Germantown Branch. — Yellow car, green 
 light. Route — From Dauphin up Eighth to 
 Germantown av., to Germantown, and return^ 
 
 Green & Coates P. R. W. Co. — Green car, 
 red light. Route — From entrance of Park 
 down Fairmount av. to Twenty-second, to 
 Green, to Fourth, to Dickinson, to Eighth, up^ 
 Eighth to Fairmount av., to the Park. Each 
 alternate car turns up Walnut. 
 
 Delaware River Branch.— Green car, red 
 light. Route — Up Beach to Fairmount av., to 
 Eighth, returning down Fairmount av. to 
 Fourth, to Green, to Beach. 
 
 Girard Avenue P. R. W. Co.— Yellow car 
 red light. Route — Along Girard av. to Palmer, 
 to Beach, to Shackamaxon, to Girard av., to 
 Elm av., to the Centennial Buildings at Bel- 
 mont av., returning over the same route. 
 
 Lombard and South Street P. R. W. Co. — 
 Yellow car, red light. Route — Down Lombard 
 to Front, to Dock, to Delaware av., returning 
 up Dock to Front, to South, to depot, corner 
 Twenty-fifth and South. 
 
 Southern Branch. — Red car, green light. 
 Route— From depot. Thirteenth and Snyder 
 av., down Snyder av. to Twelfth, to Dickin- 
 son, to Eighth, to Christian, to Fifth, to Lom- 
 bard, to Fourth, to South, to Passyunk av., to 
 Mifflin to Twelfth, to Snyder av., to Broad. 
 
 Market Street— West Philadelphia P. R. 
 W. Co. — Y ellow car, red light. Route— From 
 depot. Forty-first and Haverford av., down 
 Forty-first to Market, to Front. Returning 
 over same route to the depot. 
 
 Centennial Building Branch.— Blue cars, 
 red light. Route — Concourse, Belmont and 
 Elm avs., down Elm av. to Fortieth, to Market, 
 to Front, returning on Market to Forty-first, 
 to Elm av. 
 
 Haddington Branch— Green car, green 
 light. Route — From Front out Market to. 
 Forty-first, to Haverford av., to Sixty-seventh, 
 returning to Sixty-fifth, to Vine, to Haverford 
 av., to Forty-first, to Market, to Front. 
 
 Mana YUNK & Roxborough Inclined Plane 
 P. R. W. Co.— Route— Ridge av. from Barren 
 Hill to Wissahickon Station on the Norris- 
 town branch of Reading R. R., and return. 
 
 Race and Vine Streets — Heston ville, 
 Mantua & Fairmount P.R. W.Co.— Yellow car, 
 red light. Route — Down Lancaster av. to Hav- 
 erford av., to lower deck of Fairmount bridge, 
 to Callowhill, to Twenty-second, to Race, to 
 Second, to Walnut, to Dock, to Third, to Vine, 
 to Twenty-Third, to Spring Garden, to upper 
 deck of Fairmount bridge, to Spring Garden, 
 West Philadelphia, to Lancaster av., to Bel- 
 mont av., to Centennial Buildings. Depot, 
 Forty-third and Lancaster av. 
 
176 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Hestonvillk Branch— G reen car, red light 
 Boute — Out Lancaster av., to Fifty-second, and 
 return to depot at Forty-third by same route. 
 
 Ridge Avenue P. R. W. Co.— Yellow car, red 
 light. Route — Down Ridge av., to Tenth, to 
 Arch, to Second, returning up Arch to Ninth, 
 to Ridge av.,to depot, Thirty-second and Ridge 
 av., opposite East Park entrance. 
 
 For Manayunk. — Yellow car with blue flag 
 and red light, leaves Third and Arch every fif- 
 teen minutes during the summer for Mana- 
 yunk, via Ridge av., without change of cars. 
 In January, February and March the cars run 
 to Manayunk from the depot every twenty 
 minutes. 
 
 Second & Third Streets P. R.W. Co,— W hite 
 car, green light. Route— Down Frankford av., 
 to Jefferson, to Second, toMiffiin, to Third, to 
 Germantown av., to Oxford, to Front, to Amber, 
 to dexjot. 
 
 Frankford Branch. — White car, red flag, 
 green light. Route— Up Frankford av., to 
 Paul, to stand at Arrojt street. Returning 
 down Main, to Frankford av., to depot, cor. 
 Lehigh av. 
 
 North Penn Branch. — Green car, orange 
 light. Route — Down Frankford av., to Hunt- 
 ingdon, to Coral, to Cumberland, to Emerald, 
 to Dauphin, to Second, to Dock, to Third, to 
 Germantown av., to Oxford, to Third, to Berks, 
 to Second, to York, to Coral, to Cumberland, to 
 Amber, to depot, 
 
 Richmond Branch.— Red car, red light. 
 Route — Up Lehigh av., to Richmond, to Frank- 
 ford av., to Manderson, to Beach, to Laurel, to 
 Delaware av., to Fairmount av., to Second, to 
 Dock, to Third, up to Brown, to Beach, to Man- 
 derson, to Frankford av., to Girard av., to 
 Norris, to Richmond, to Lehigh av., to depot, 
 cor. Edgemont. 
 
 Bridesburg Branch. — White car, white 
 light. Route— Up Lehigh av., to Richmond, to 
 Bridge, to W'ashington. Returning over same 
 route to dejjot. 
 
 Front Street Branch. — White car. Route 
 — Fairmount av., down New Market, to Vine, 
 to Front, to Chestnut. Returning over same 
 route. 
 
 Allegheny Avenue Branch. — Yellow car, 
 white light. Route — From Lehigh av. up 
 Richmond to Allegheny av. Returning by 
 same route. 
 
 Cumberland Street Branch. — White car, 
 white light. Route — From Richmond up Cum- 
 berland to Amber. Returning by same route. 
 
 Seventeenth & Nineteenth Streets P. R. 
 W. Co. — Yellow car, red light. Route — Up 
 Nineteenth, to Norris, to Seventeenth, to Ridge 
 av., to Francis, to Seventeenth, to Carpenter, to 
 Nineteenth, to depot at Master street. 
 
 Spruce and Pine Streets— Philadelphia 
 and Gray’s Ferry P. R. W. Co. — Gray’s 
 Ferry Branch.— White car, red light. Route 
 — Exchange, to Second, to Pine, to Twenty- 
 third, to (iray’s Ferry rd., to Gray’s Ferry 
 Bridge, and return by Gray’s Ferry rd. to 
 < hristian, to Twenty-second, to Spruce, to 
 Third, to Walnut, to the Exchange. Depot, 
 Twenty-third and Spruce. I 
 
 Fairmount Park Branch. —Route — Same 
 as above to Twenty-third, thence to Callow- 
 hill, to Twenty-fifth, to Green st. entrance to 
 Park, returning via Twenty-fifth to Hamil- 
 ton, to Twenty-second, and thence by the 
 above route. 
 
 Tenth and Eleventh Streets Citizens’ 
 P. R.W. Co. — Yellow car, red light. Route — 
 Down Tenth to Reed, to Eleventh, up Eleventh 
 to Diamond, to Tenth, to depot, cor. Mont- 
 gomery av. 
 
 Mifflin Street Branch.— Yellow car, red 
 light. Route — Down Tenth, up Twelfth, Whar- 
 ton to Mifflin. 
 
 Thirteenth and Fifteenth Streets P. R. 
 W. Co.— Columbia Avenue Branch.— Green 
 car, green light. Route — Up Carpenter to 
 Fifteenth, to Master, to Eidge av., to Columbia 
 av., to Thirteenth, to Carpenter, to Broad, to 
 depot, ab. Washington av. 
 
 Norris Street Branch. — Yellow car, red 
 light. Route — Up Carpenter to Fifteenth, to 
 Columbia av., to Broad, to Norris, to Thir- 
 teenth, to Carpenter, to Broad, to depot, ab. 
 Washington av. 
 
 South Broad Street Branch. — Yellow car, 
 red light. Route— From depot, ab. Washing- 
 ton av., down Broad to Wolf, and up by same 
 route. 
 
 North Broad Street Branch. — Yellow car, 
 red light. Route— From Norris up Broad to 
 N. Y. R. R. Junction. Back over same route. 
 
 Twelfth and Sixteenth Streets— Empire 
 P. R. W. Co. — Yellow car, red light. Route — 
 Down Twelfth to Wharton, to Seventeenth, to 
 Carpenter, to Sixteenth, up Sixteenth to Mont- 
 gomery av., to depot cor. Twelfth. 
 
 Union P. R. W. Co.— Park and Navy Yard 
 Branch. — Yellow car, red light. Route — 
 Down Brown to Twenty-third, to Wallace, to 
 Franklin, to Race, to Seventh, to Federal, to 
 Front, to Wharton, to Ninth, to Spring Gar- 
 den, to Twenty-third, to Brown, to Park 
 entrance. 
 
 Richmond Branch. — Green car, green light. 
 Route — Down Thompson to Marlborough, to 
 Belgrade, to Frankford av., to Master, to 
 Franklin, to Race, to Seventh, to Passyunk 
 av., to Ellsworth, to Broad, up to Christian, to 
 Ninth, to Spring Garden, to Seventh, to Ox- 
 ford, to Fourth, to Norris, to Memphis, to 
 York, to Thompson, to depot, cor. Norris. 
 
 Columbia Avenue Branch. — Red car, 
 orange light. Route — Down Columbia ave., to 
 Franklin, to Race, to Seventh, to Market, to 
 Front. Returning up Market to Ninth, to 
 Spring Garden, to Seventh, to Columbia av., to 
 depot at Twenty-third street. 
 
 Spring Garden & Poplar Street Branch. 
 — one horse, red car, red light. Route — Down 
 Brown to Twenty-third, to Wallace, to Twen- 
 ty-second, to Spring Garden, to Seventh, to 
 Poplar, to Twenty-ninth, to Park entrance. 
 
 Cedar Street Branch.— Green car, green 
 light. Route — From York, up Cedar to Somer- 
 set, to Richmond. Returning by same route. 
 
 Christian Street Branch. — One horse, 
 yellow car, red light. Route — Up McKean to 
 Ninth, to Ellsworth, to Twenty-third, to Chris- 
 tian, to Seventh, to depot, cor. McKean. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL E X II 1 li I T J 0 N, 
 
 177 
 
 Jefferson Street. Branch— One horse, 
 yellow car, red light. Route — From Twenty- 
 fourth down Jefferson, to Franklin, to Thomp- 
 son, to Front, to Columbia av., to Franklin, 
 to Master, to Twenty-fourth, to Columbia av., 
 to depot, at Twenty-third. 
 
 West End P. R. Co.— Zoodooical Garden 
 Line. Route — From Woodlauds Cemetery on 
 Baltimore av., to Fortieth, to Locust, to Thirty- 
 sixth, to Powelton av., to Thirty-fifth, to Zoo- 
 logical Garden; returning on Thirty-fifth to 
 
 Eadline, to Thirty-third, to Walnut, to Thirty- 
 sixth, to Locust, to Thirty-eighth, to Woodland 
 av., to Baltimore av., with lines to South street 
 bridge. 
 
 Fairmount Park Line. — Route — From 
 South street bridge to Thirty fourth and 
 Spruce, on Spruce to Thirty-eighth, to Lan- 
 caster av., to Forty first, to Elm av. and Cen- 
 tennial Buildings, to George’s Hill; returning 
 to Fortieth, to Locust, to Thirty-sixth, to 
 Spruce, to place of beginning. 
 
 FERRY COMPANIES. 
 
 Camden and ’ Philadelphia — foot of Market street, upper side, to Federal 
 street, Camden. 
 
 Cooper’s Point — foot of Vine street, to Cooper’s Point. 
 
 Gloucester, New Jersey — foot of Soutk street, to Gloucester. 
 
 Kaighn’s Point — foot of South street, upper side, to South Camden, or 
 Kaighn’s Point. 
 
 Kensington and Neiy Jersey — foot of Shackamaxon street, to Cooper’s 
 Point. 
 
 Smith’s Island — Pier 7 South Wharves. 
 
 West Jersey — foot of Market street, lower side, to Market street, Camden. 
 
 TELEGRAPH. 
 
 There are about 3,000 miles of Telegraph lines in Philadelphia. Telegrams 
 t^an be sent to all parts of the world, from all the principal Hotels, Depots, 
 Ticket Offices and from Telegraph offices situated in every part of the city ; also 
 from the Exhibition Grounds. Telegrams can be sent via. AYestern Union lines, 
 to all parts of the world, from the Philadelphia Local Telegraph Co’s. Telegraph 
 Exchange, 107 S. Third street, and special reports or information can be 
 obtained from any place at home or abroad. Commercial or Market Reports 
 of all kinds are received and on file there. 
 
 Absolutely correct time may be obtained from the Astronomical Chronometer 
 Clock located in the Exchange office, which is compared daily by telegraph 
 with the time of the U. S: Observatory at AYashington, D. C. 
 
 The American District Telegraph Co. has Boxes in Hotels, Business Offices, 
 and Private Residences, for the purpose of calling Messengers, Police, and for 
 Eire Alarm. 
 
 11 * 
 
J78 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ALL PLACES OF INTEREST, 
 
 AND HOW TO REACH THEM, 
 
 ALSO SEE MAP OF CITY OF PHILADELPHIA IN FRONT OF BOOK, AND CITY 
 PASSENGER RAILWAY DIRECTORY ON PAGE 174. 
 
 FOR FULL DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE 
 
 Academy of Fine Arts, Broad street above Arch — corner of Cherry- 
 street — admission, 25 cents ; reached from the east and west, by the 
 Arch street car 5 from the north, by the Thirteenth street car, and 
 ' from the south, by the Fifteenth street car, getting out at Arch street, 28 
 
 Academy of Music, S. W. corner Broad and Locust streets ; reached from 
 the north, by the Thirteenth street car, and from the south, by the Fif- 
 teenth street car, to within one square* of the Academy — getting 
 out at Locust street*, from the east by the Walnut street car, and 
 from the West, by the Chestnut street and Spruce street cars, to 
 within two square of the Academy 19 
 
 Academy of Natural Science, cor. Nineteenth and Race streets ; admis- 
 sion, 10 cents; reached from the north, by Seventeenth street car to 
 Race street, and south by Nineteenth street car ; east, by Vine 
 
 street car, and West, by Race street car 21 and 64 
 
 Amusements, places of. 192 
 
 American Philosophical Society, Fifth street, south of Chestnut, west 
 
 side 8 
 
 Atlantic City — West Jersey Railroad depot, foot of Vine street 43 
 
 Athen.eum of Philadelphia, Sixth street below Walnut ; open from 8 
 A. M. to 10 Ib M. Strangers admitted upon application to the 
 Librarian 49 
 
 Apprentices’ Library, S. W. corner Fifth and Arch streets ^ 47 
 
 * A square is the space of ground between one principal street and another, and is about 
 one-twelfth of a mile in length. 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 179 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Bank of North America, Chestnut street, north side, above Third street, 12 
 
 Blind Asylum, N. W. cor. Twentieth and Race streets ; admission every day 
 free, from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. (except Saturday,) no ticket required. 
 Concerts, Wednesdays P. M. — admission, 15 cents; reached same as 
 
 Academy of Natural Science 32 
 
 Blockley Alms House, Thirty-fourth and Darby road. West Philadelphia ; 
 take Walnut street cars; tickets procured at No. 42 South Seventh 
 street — admission, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, from 9 A. M. 
 to 5 P. M 54 
 
 Bordentown — Steamer Edwin Forrest, from Arch street wharf; also 
 
 railroad from foot of Market street, (see advertisement in daily papers) 42 
 
 Boys’ Central High School, cor. Broad and Green streets ; reached 
 within one square by the Union line, going up Ninth street and out 
 Spring Garden street ; and by the Green street and Fairmount ave. 
 
 line, going up Eighth street and out Fairmount avenue 29 
 
 Banks of Philadelphia 75 
 
 CLUB HOUSES. 
 
 Union League 
 
 Reform Club 
 
 Philadelphia Club 
 
 Merchants’ Club 
 
 Sketch Club 
 
 St. George Society 
 
 Penn Club 
 
 Social Art Club 
 
 Philadelphia Riding Club, 
 
 Broad and Sansom streets. 
 
 Chestnut street above Fifteenth. 
 
 Thirteenth and Walnut streets. 
 
 246 South Third street. 
 
 No 10 West Penn Square. 
 
 Thirteenth and Arch streets. 
 
 ,S. E. cor. Eighth and Locust streets. 
 
 1525 Chestnut street. 
 
 215 South Sixteenth street. 
 
 Cape May — per steamer down Delaware river ; also railroad from foot 
 
 of Market street, (see advertisement in daily papers) 43 
 
 Callowhill Street Bridge 68 
 
 Carpenters’ Hall, Carpenters’ Court, off of Chestnut street, below 
 
 Fourth, south side ; admission at any time, free 11 
 
 Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, Eighteenth street above Race ; 
 reached from east, by Race street; West, by Vine street; north, by 
 Seventeenth ; south, by Nineteenth street cars 31 
 
 Cathedral Cemetery, Lancaster avenue and Forty-eighth street ; reached 
 by Race and Vine streets car, going out Vine street : 
 
 171 
 
180 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Charity Hospital of Philadelphia, 1834 Hamilton street, reached 
 
 by Nineteenth street car 55 
 
 Christ Church, Second street, above Market, cor. of Church street 16 
 
 Christ Church Hospital, Belmont avenue and Monument road, near 
 the Exhibition grounds 57 
 
 Chestnut Hill — reached by Germantovrn Railroad, depot. Ninth and 
 Green streets ; city cars — going out Eighth and Ninth streets, run 
 within one square of the depot 106 
 
 City Passenger Railways 174 
 
 City of Philadelphia 1 
 
 College of Physicians’ and Surgeons’ of Philadelphia, N. E. cor. 
 
 Thirteenth and Locust streets 51 
 
 College of Pharmacy, 145 North Tenth street, south of Race 50 
 
 Commercial Exchange, Second street, between Chestnut and Walnut 14 
 
 Congress Hall, Chestnut street, S. ET cor. of Sixth street 3 
 
 County, or Moyamensing Prison, Tenth and Reed streets ; admission 
 every day (except Saturday,) from 9 A. M. to 12 M., and from 2 to 
 4 P. M. ; tickets procured (free) at Ledger Office, cor. Sixth and Chestnut 
 streets *, reached by Tenth and Eleventh streets cars, going down 
 Tenth street 59 
 
 Custom House, Chestnut street below Fifth 10 
 
 CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 Access to the Exhibition Grounds 156 
 
 Agricultural Hall 132 
 
 American Soldier’s Monument 148 
 
 Awards 135 
 
 British Buildings 142 
 
 Centennial Exhibition 110 
 
 “ Fountain 149 
 
 “ National Bank 145 
 
 “ Passenger Line on the grounds 153 
 
 “ Plioto Company’s Building 142 
 
 “ Post Office 140 
 
 Columbus Monument 148 
 
 Conveyance to the Grounds 156 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 181 
 
 PACK 
 
 Dairy 145 
 
 Departments and Classification of Articles 114 
 
 Entrances to the Exhibition Grounds 153 
 
 Events during the Exposition 152 
 
 Expositions — space occupied 151 
 
 Fire Engine Houses 142 
 
 Foreign Nations which will exhibit 152 
 
 Fortified Block House 141 
 
 German Building 143 
 
 Government Building 138 
 
 Harvesting-machines Exhibition 151 
 
 Horticultural Hall 128 
 
 Horticultural Garden 129 
 
 Ice Water Fountain 150 
 
 Indian Encampment 173 
 
 International Exhibition 112 
 
 International Rowing Regatta 166 
 
 International Rowing Regatta Prizes 167 
 
 International Rowing Regatta Committee 168 
 
 Japanese Building 142 
 
 Japanese Bazaar 143 
 
 Jury Pavilion 135 
 
 Live Stock Exhibition 150 
 
 Location of the Exhibition Grounds and Buildings 113 
 
 Log House — Canadian 142 
 
 Machinery Hall 124 
 
 Main Exhibition Building 114 
 
 Memorial Hall 119 
 
 Memorandum for Agricultural Hall 133 
 
 Memorandum for Horticultural Hall 130 
 
 Memorandum for Machinery Hall 126 
 
 Memorandum for Main Exhibition Building 117 
 
 Memorandum lor Memorial Hall 122 
 
 Model of Railway up Mt. Washington 145 
 
 Modern Kitchen 144 
 
 Music Pavilion 150 
 
 New England Log House 144 
 
 Newspaper Pavilion 145 
 
 Observatory at Belmont 153 
 
 Officers of the Exhibition 110 and 111 
 
182 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 PAGK 
 
 Ofl&ce of Medical Bureau 145 
 
 Palestine Camp 143 
 
 Photographic Hall 141 
 
 Public Comfort Building ^ 141 
 
 Religious Liberty Monument 148 
 
 Relief Plans of the cities of Paris, Naples, Jerusalem, and of Italy and 
 
 Switzerland 141 
 
 Restaurants 145 
 
 Signal and Weather Station 141 
 
 Spanish Building 143 
 
 Statue of William Penn 147 
 
 Space occupied by Nations 151 
 
 State Buildings 143 and 144 
 
 Swedish School House 143 
 
 Vienna Bakery 145 
 
 Wagon and Carriage Building. 145 
 
 Washington Statue 148 
 
 Western Hunter’s Camp 145 
 
 Witherspoon Monument 146 
 
 West Point Cadet Camp 141 
 
 Women’s Pavilion 137 
 
 World’s Ticket Office 143 
 
 World’s Ticket and Inquiry Building ; 154 
 
 Carriage Fares 76 
 
 Deaf and Dumb Asylum, cor Broad and Pine streets *, reached from the 
 north, by Thirteenth street car •, from the south, by Fifteenth street 
 car, to Pine street, within one square of the Asylum 5 from the east, 
 by the Pine street car, to the door, and from the west, by Spruce 
 street car, to Broad street. Tickets (free) procured at the Ledger 
 O ffice, cor. of Sixth and Chestnut streets 5 admission, every Thursday 
 at 3 P. M 18 
 
 Declaration of Independence 109 
 
 Delaware River — T rips up and down the 42 
 
 Distances in Fairmount Park 108 
 
 Eastern Penitentiary, Fairmount avenue, from Corinthian avenue 
 (above Twentieth street) to Twenty-second street 5 admission every 
 day (except Saturday and holidays,) from 1 to 5 P. M. Tickets pro- 
 cured at Ledger Offiee ; reached directly by Green and Fairmount 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 183 
 
 PAGE 
 
 avenue car ji^oing up Eighth street, and out Eairmount avenue ; other 
 
 lines connect with this one ; also reached within one square by the 
 Nineteenth street car 33 
 
 Episcopal Hospital, Front street and Lehigh avenue ; take Third street 
 
 car 54 
 
 Fairmount Park — reached by Spruce and Pine street cars, going out 
 Pine street *, Arch street car, going west ; Race and Vine street cars, 
 going out Vine street; Callowhill street, going west; Green and 
 Fairmount avenue, going up Eighth street, and out Fairmount avenue ; 
 Union line (Fairmount branch) going up Ninth street and out Spring 
 Garden street, also out Poplar street ; Girard avenue car, going west ; 
 Fourth and Eighth streets line give passes for Girard avenue line, for 
 one fare. Ridge avenue car, going north-west, goes to the East Park, 
 as also does the Reading Railroad from Depot, Thirteenth and Callow- 
 hill streets, stopping at several stations in the Park en route to Bel- 
 
 mont 85 
 
 Foreign Coins — Official valuation of. 78 
 
 Excursion on the Delaware river 43 
 
 Fort Mifflin, west shore of the Delaware river about one mile below 
 the mouth of the Schuylkill ; is reached by land, by the Pine street 
 cars, to Gray’s Ferry bridge, and then by foot ; and by steam tug from 
 Washington avenue wharf. For Washington avenue wharf, take Union 
 line car (Navy Yard Branch) on Seventh street 65 
 
 Fort Delaware, on Pea Patch Island, Delaware river, 42 miles below 
 Philadelphia ; is reached by steamer (see advertisement in daily 
 papers,) and by rail, from depot. Broad street and Washington ave. to 
 Delaware City, and then by barge or row-boat to the Fort. Thirteenth 
 street cars, and Union line (Baltimore depot branch) going south on 
 
 Seventh street, take you direct to depot 66 
 
 Franklin’s Printing Office, No. 7 Hudson street; off of Chestnut 
 
 street, north side, above Third street 12 
 
 Frankford Arsenal, Frankford; take Richmond car of Second and 
 Third streets, going up Third street, and Union line, going up Ninth 
 street 4U 
 
 Franklin Institute, east side of Seventh street, between Market and 
 
 Chestnut streets — admission free 49 
 
184 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Ferry Companies 177 
 
 Franklin Square — Sixth to Franklin streets, Race to Vine streets 82 
 
 Friends’ Asylum for the Insane, located near Frankford 57 
 
 Germantown — reached by Germantown Railroad, depot. Ninth and Green 
 streets ; depot reached within one square, by cars going out Eighth 
 and Ninth streets 106 
 
 German Hospital, Girard avenue, corner of Corinthian avenue, above 
 Twentieth street ; reached by Girard avenue car-, and by Nineteenth 
 street car, to Girard avenue 5;> 
 
 Girard Avenue Bridge 9 ^ 
 
 Girard Avenue Market 39 
 
 Girard Bank, Third street, west side, below Chestnut street 13. 
 
 Girard College — Girard avenue, west of Nineteenth -, reached by Ridge 
 avenue car, going out Arch street, from Front street to Ninth and out, 
 Ridge avenue ; also by Nineteenth street car ; by Girard avenue car,, 
 going west ; Eighth street (yellow car) getting pass for Girard avenue 
 car (one fare) -, open every day (except Sundays) ; admission free — 
 tickets at Ledger Office, Sixth and Chestnut streets 37 
 
 Glenwood Cemetery, Ridge avenue and Islington Lane 5 reached by 
 
 Ridge avenue car 171 
 
 Gloucester — Chestnut street car to Second street, to South street, and a 
 
 few minutes walk down South street to ferry steamer for Gloucester.. 43; 
 
 Grave of Benjamin Franklin — Christ Church burying ground — south- 
 east corner of Fifth and Arch streets 46 
 
 Hackney Carriage Fares 76 
 
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, in the Pennsylvania Hospital build- 
 ing, south side of Spruce street, between Eighth and Ninth streets... 60' 
 
 IIoLMESBURG — take cars of Pennsylvania Railroad, at the Kensington 
 
 depot lOT 
 
 Hotels of Philadelphia 190 
 
 Horticultural Hall — next to Academy of Music, and reached in the 
 
 same way — Broad street above Spruce 18 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 185 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 House of Correction, near Holmesbur^ 5 admission on Monday, Wed- 
 nesday and Friday, from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M. — tickets at No. 51 N. 
 
 Sixth street lOT 
 
 House of Refuge, Twenty-third and Parrish streets 5 admission on Mon- 
 day, Wednesday and Friday, from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M. — tickets at 
 No. 21 N. Seventh street. Take Union line (Fairmount branch) on 
 Ninth street, and out Spring Garden street ; also Ridge avenue car... 37 
 
 House wherein Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, 
 
 south-west corner of Seventh and Market streets 47 
 
 Independence Hall, in rear of vestibule in Independence Hall 7 
 
 Independence Hall, south side of Chestnut street, between Fifth and 
 
 Sixth streets ; open from 9 A. M. until 5 P. M. 5 admission free 4 
 
 Independence Square, rear of Independence Hall, to Walnut, and from 
 
 Fifth to Sixth streets 7 and 79' 
 
 Jefferson Medical College, Tenth street, south of Chestnut street 50 
 
 Jewish Hospital, 'Westminster avenue and Haverford road .... 55 
 
 Jewish Synagogue, cor. of Broad and Mt. 'Fernon streets; reached by 
 Fifteenth street car to Mt. Vernon, and two minutes walk east to 
 Broad street; or by Union line (Fairmount branch) on Ninth street 
 and out Spring Garden to Broad street, and three minutes walk north 
 to Mt. Vernon street 29' 
 
 Laurel ILll, Ridge avenue, near Falls of Schuylkill ; reached by Ridge 
 avenue line, going west, on Arch street from Front to Ninth, and 
 thence to Ridge avenue ; also by steamer on the Schuylkill river, at 
 the Waterworks, Fairmount 169' 
 
 Laurel Hill — West — on Belmont avenue, just beyond the Centennial 
 
 grounds; reached by Reading Railroad to Pencoid station 171 
 
 Lazaretto — Island of Tinicum, in the river Delaware, about fifteen 
 miles below Philadelphia ; reached by Philadelphia, Wilmington 
 and Baltimore Railroad, depot Broad street and Washington avenue, 56 
 
 Ledger Office, cor of Sixth and Chestnut streets ; citizens and strangers 
 invited to visit it. 
 
 Liberty Monument, to be erected in Independence Square ... 8 
 
 Masonic Temple — old — Chestnut street above Seventh ; not now used by 
 
 the fraternity 25 
 
186 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 PAGK 
 
 Masonic Temple — new — Broad street above Market, north-east corner of 
 Filbert street ; visitors are admitted every Thursda}^, if the weather 
 is fair, on application to the Secretary, in the building, who will 
 furnish tickets — to be returned upon leaving the Institution ; cards 
 of admission can also be procured at the Ledger Office, Sixth and 
 
 Chestnut streets 25 
 
 Market Street Bridge 67 
 
 Merchants’ Exchange, Third street above Walnut, corner of Dock street*, 
 
 strangers admitted on application to the clerks 13 
 
 Mercantile Library, Tenth street, west side, above Chestnut street 60 
 
 Mint — United States — north side of Chestnut street above Thirteenth, cor. 
 
 of Juniper street *, admission from 9 A. M. to 12 M. — free 45 
 
 Morgue, Beach and Noble ; admission free, Thursday and Saturday, from 
 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. 5 no tickets required. 
 
 Municipal Hospital, Hart Lane, near Twenty-first street 56 
 
 MERCANTILE ASSOCIATIONS 
 Board of Brokers — 21 Merchant’s Exchange, Third and AYalnut sts. 
 Board of Trade, Mercantile Library building, 10th st. ab. Chestnut. 
 
 Chamber of Commerce ]33 S. Second street. 
 
 Grocers’ (wholesale) Association 119 S. Front street. 
 
 Maritime Exchange 133 S. Second street. 
 
 Philadelphia Drug Exchange '. 17 S. Third street. 
 
 Philadelphia Exchange Company N. E. cor. 3d and Walnut streets. 
 
 Produce Exchange Front and Arch streets. 
 
 Mount Moriah Cemetery, Darby road, bordering on Delaware county ; 
 reached by Darby and Mt. Moriah branch of the Chestnut and Wal- 
 
 nut street line 171 
 
 Monument Cemetery, Broad and Montgomery avenue ; reached by Thir- 
 teenth and Fifteenth streets cars, going out Fifteenth street 171 
 
 Mayor’s Office Cor. Fifth and Chestnut streets. 
 
 National Museum, the room on the right in vestibule of Independence 
 Hall, south side of Chestnut street, between Fifth and Sixth streets ; 
 
 admission free ; open from 10 A. M. to 1 P. M 5 
 
 Navy Yard, League Island, loot of Broad street ; admission every day ; 
 no tickets required. Reached l)y steam tug at foot of Washington 
 avenue ; or ITiirteenth and Fifteenth street cars, going down Thir- 
 teenth street, takes you within about ten minutes walk 66 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 187 
 
 Naval Asylum — U nited States — Gray’s Ferry road, below South street; 
 reached by Spruce and Pine streets car, going out Pine street 
 
 Naval Hospital — U nited States — on the grounds of the Naval Asylum.. 
 
 North Broad Street 
 
 Odd Fellows’ Cemetery Twenty-fourth street and Islington lane. 
 
 Penx Treaty Monument, cor. of Beach and Hanover streets; take Rich- 
 mond car on Third street 
 
 Pennsylvania Hospital — from Eighth to Ninth streets and Spruce to 
 Pine streets 
 
 Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, between the West Chester and 
 Haverford roads, west of Forty -third street; reached by Market 
 street car, going west 
 
 Pennsylvania Sanitorium — L ocated in Media, fourteen miles from Phila- 
 delphia; West Chester Railroad, depot Thirty-first and Chestnut 
 streets 
 
 Penn’s First American Dwelling, No. 10 Letitia street, ofi* of Chestnut 
 street, between Front and Second street 
 
 Penn’s Slate Roof Mansion 
 
 Philadelphia Library — old — Fifth street, below -Chestnut, east side ; 
 New — Broad and Christian streets ; strangers admitted ; reached 
 
 direct by Thirteenth street car 
 
 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, 145 N. Tenth street, below Race.. 
 Philadelphia Hospital, Darby road ; reached direct by Chestnut and 
 
 Walnut street cars, going out Walnut street 
 
 Philadelphia Dispensary, Fifth above Walnut streets 
 
 Philadelphia County Medical Society, N. E. Cor. Thirteenth and 
 
 Locust streets 
 
 Post Office — present building — south side of Chestnut street, between 
 
 Fourth and Fifth streets 8 and 
 
 Post Office — new building — cor. Ninth and Chestnut streets 43 and 
 
 Postage Rates — D omestic and Foreign and Advertised Letters 
 
 Port Richmond and the Coal Wharves ; take Third street car 
 
 Public Buildings — new — at the intersection of Broad and Market streets ; 
 visitors allowed inside the enclosure week days, during working 
 hours 
 
 PAGE 
 
 C7 
 
 67 
 30 
 
 39 
 
 51 
 
 53 
 
 58 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 50 
 
 54 
 58 
 
 51 
 
 68 
 72 
 70 
 
 40 
 
 21 
 
188 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 PAGR 
 
 Railroad Depots and how to reach them... 7G 
 
 Red Bank — on the New Jersey shore of the Delaware river ; reached by 
 
 steamboat, from South street wharf 43 
 
 Residence of Georp;e Washington, formerly stood south side of Market 
 
 street below Sixth 48 
 
 Rittenhouse Square — Eighteenth to Nineteenth streets, and Walnut to 
 
 Locust streets 80 
 
 School of Design for Women, N. E. cor. of Merrick and Filbert streets, 
 
 opposite north-east corner of new Public Buildings 28 
 
 Schuylkill Navy — the boat-houses are situated on the east side of 
 Schuylkill river, above the Waterworks, Fairmount Park; reached 
 by the cars running to the Park 163 
 
 Smith’s Island — Steamers leave every ten minutes, Delaware avenue above 
 
 Walnut street 43 
 
 Streets of Philadelphia 72 
 
 St. Joseph’s Hospital, Seventeenth and Girard avenue; take Nineteenth 
 street car, from the south, and Girard avenue car, from the east; 
 other lines connect with these 54 
 
 St. Mary's Hospital, Frankford road and Palmer street ; reached by Fifth 
 
 and Sixth street cars, going out Fifth street.. 55 
 
 Swedes’ Church — on Swanson street below Christian ; reached by Second 
 and Third street cars, going down Second street, and Navy Yard 
 branch of Union line, going down Seventh street... 5(> 
 
 Telegraph 177 
 
 Trenton — Steamer Edwin Forrest, from Arch street wharf, everyday; 
 also, Pennsylvania Railroad, from depots, Kensington and ' foot of 
 Walnut street 43 
 
 Union League, Broad street below Chestnut, west side 20 
 
 United States Arsenal, Gray’s Ferry road; take cars going out Pine 
 street ; admission every day — no tickets. 
 
 University of Pennsylvania — Junction of Darby road, Locust and 
 Thirty-fourth streets; reached by Walnut street car (Darby road 
 branch) direct, or West Philadelphia branch to Thirty-sixth street, 
 from which a few minutes walk south 62 
 
AND CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. ISO 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Washington's Camp Ground, at Valley Forge ; reached by Reading Rail^ 
 road, depot. Thirteenth and Callowhill streets 107 
 
 WissAiiiCKON, The — reached by Ridge avenue car, going northwest 102 
 
 AVTlls’ Hospital, Race above Eighteenth streets 32 
 
 'Women’s Medical College, North College avenue, above Twenty-second 
 
 street 5 reached by Ridge avenue car 39 
 
 AV'oodlands. — Darby road and Thirty-ninth street -, the Darby and Mount 
 Moriah branch of the Chestnut and AValnut streets line, going out 
 AFalnut to Twenty-second street, and thence out Chestnut street and 
 Darby road, pass the entrance 171 
 
 Wagner Free Institute of Science, Seventeenth and Montgomery ave. ; 
 reached liy car going out Sixteenth street. 
 
 AVashington Square — Sixth to Seventh streets, and AValnut to Locust 
 
 streets 79 
 
 A'oung Men's Christian Association — Temple Building — S. E. cor. 
 Fif1;eenth and Chestnut streets; present building, No. 1210 Chestnut 
 street ; strangers welcome 62 
 
 Zoological Garden 159 
 
190 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 HOTELS OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Continental Hotel S. E. cor. Ninth and Chestnut streets^ 
 
 Girard N. E. cor. Ninth and Chestnut streets. 
 
 Colonnade Fifteenth and Chestnut streets. 
 
 La Pierre Broad and Chestnut streets. 
 
 St. George Broad and Walnut streets. 
 
 St. Stephen’s Chestnut street above Tenth. 
 
 The Forrest Mansion Hotel Broad and Master streets. 
 
 Guy Seventh and Chestnut streets. 
 
 Bingham Eleventh and Market streets. 
 
 St. Cloud 709 Arch street. 
 
 xMerchants’ 42 N. Fourth street. 
 
 Irwing 919 Walnut street. 
 
 Washington Chestnut street above Seventh. 
 
 West End 1524 Chestnut street. 
 
 St. Elmo 317 Arch street. 
 
 Markoe 919 Chestnut street. 
 
 American 517 Chestnut street. 
 
 St. Charles 54 N. Third street. 
 
 Petry’s 1403 Walnut street. 
 
 Eagle 227 N. Third street. 
 
 Arch Street No. 1 Arch street. 
 
 Allegheny 812 Market street. 
 
 Ridgeway No. 1 Market street. 
 
 Auhry Thirty-fourth and Walnut streets. 
 
 Montgomery 413 N. Sixth street. 
 
 Great Western 1311 Market Street- 
 
 United States No. 9 AValnut street. 
 
 Barley Sheaf. 257 N. Second street. 
 
 Central Avenue 831 Market street. 
 
 Commercial 826 Market street. 
 
 Columbia Ill N. Broad street. 
 
 St. James 310 Race street. 
 
 Red Lion 472 N. Second street. 
 
 Black Horse 352 N. Second street. 
 
 Penn Manor Eighth and Spring Garden streets. 
 
 Black Bear 425 N. Third street. 
 
 Bald Eagle 416 N. Third street. 
 
 Keystone Broad street below Arch. 
 
 HOTELS AT OR NEAR THE CENTENNIAL GROUNDS. 
 
 Grand Exposition Hotel Girard and Lancaster avenues. 
 
 Trans-Continental Elm and Belmont avenues. 
 
 Globe Elm and Belmont avenues. 
 
 United States Forty-second and Columbia avenue. 
 
 Atlas Hotel Fifty-second street and Elm avenue. 
 
 Elm Avenue Hotel Elm avenue. 
 
192 
 
 GUIDE OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 Academy of Music Broad and Locust streets. 
 
 Alhambra Broad below Locust streets. 
 
 Arch Street Theatre Arch above Sixth streets. 
 
 Amateur Drawing Room Seventeenth above Chestnut streets. 
 
 Arch Street Opera House (minstrels) Arch above Tenth streets. 
 
 Assembly Buildings Cor Tenth and Chestnut streets. 
 
 Chestnut Street Theatre Chestnut street above Twelfth. 
 
 Concert Hall 1221 Chestnut street. 
 
 Eleventh Street Opera House (minstrels) Eleventh street above Chestnut. 
 
 Fox’s Theatre (varieties) Chestnut street below Eleventh. 
 
 Grand Central Theatre (varieties).., Walnut street above Eighth. 
 
 German Theatre Callowhill street above Fourth. 
 
 Horticultural Hall Broad street below Locust. 
 
 Museum ; Cor. Ninth and Arch streets. 
 
 Musical Fund Hall Locust street below Eighth. 
 
 Maenerchor Music Garden Fairmount avenue corner Franklin street. 
 
 National Theatre (Varieties) Tenth and Callowhill streets. 
 
 Theo. Thomas’ Orchestra Broad and Master streets. 
 
 Walnut Street Theatre Ninth and Walnut streets. 
 
 Zooloirical Garden Fairmount Park. 
 
 FOR 
 
 GO TO 
 
 R. MAGEE & SON^a 
 
 808 CHESTNUT STREET, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
WILBUR O. SMITH. 
 
 TRABUE VAN GULIN. 
 
 
 SMITH & m COLIN 
 
 MAKERS OF 
 
 THE FLORENCE SHIRT 
 
 — AND- 
 
 IVL AnsrUFACTOE-Y 
 
 ~ANt>— 
 
 A L E S R O O M 
 
 ^EN’^ ji^URNI^HER^. 
 
 No. 154 North Eighth Street, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A, 
 
 Visitors to the Exhibition are cordially invited to call and examine our stock. 
 
 KEYSTONE HOTEL GO’S 
 
 c_^LADIES’ AND GENTS’ 
 
 DINING ROOM AND RESTAURANT, 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA R. R, DEPOT, 
 
 Thirty-Second and Market Streets, 
 
 WEST PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 OIXOTZEIIl’iS 
 
 
 
 AN EIQHT PAGE ItLUSTKATED NEWSPAPEK. THE FIRST IN THE FIELD. 
 
 ESTABLISHED, APRIL, 1873. NOW IN ITS FOURTH YEAR. 
 
 H. W. CROTZER, Publisher and Proprietor. 
 
 R@)Q)iyis 
 
 Beware of Imitations and Frauds. Bound Volumes of Three First Years for sale. Splendid 
 PREMIUMS OF EXHIBITION BUILDINUS to each Subscriber. Be sure you get CROTZER’S. 
 
 A;^ents Wanted Everywhere. 
 
R. MAGEE & SON. 
 
 Wholesale and Retail 
 STATIONERS, 
 
 LITHOG-RAPHERS, 
 
 PRINTERS, 
 
 IBILAMIC BOOK 
 
 --AND— 
 
 808 CHESTNUT STREET, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
E. S. JOHNSON, 
 
 No. 44 Nassau Street, 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 OLD Pen M 
 
 
 
 ANUFACTURER 
 
 These Pens are warranted superior to any made, and are confidently re- 
 commended to all who are desirous of obtaining an article of superior excellence, 
 they being of an unequaled finish, quality, elasticity ; and for easy writing, have 
 no superiors. All Pens are WARRANTED FIVE YEARS, and are fourteen 
 carats fine. Also manufactures the largest and finest stock of 
 
 Gold Tip Desk Holders, 
 
 Gold Telescopic Holders, 
 
 Gold and Pearl Holders, 
 
 Gold and Rubber Holders, 
 
 Gold and Rubber Pencils, 
 
 Gold and Pearl Pencils, 
 
 Gold and Ivory Pencils, 
 
 Gold and Pearl Tooth Picks, 
 
 Gold and Rubber Tooth Picks. 
 
 Any of which would make one of the most acceptable Souvenir from the 
 Centennial City, to friends at a distance. 
 
 k af cruy ©©Qds ap© by 
 
 RICHARD MAGEE & SON, 
 
 G^S T JL T Z O ZT E 
 
 808 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
RICHARD MAGEE & SON, 
 
 No. 808 CHESTNUT STREET, 
 
 Would respectfully call your attentiou 
 to their Extensive Stoch of Fine Goods suitable for 
 
 g^PRESENTS^ 
 
 Among which will he found, in great variety, 
 
 Russia Leather Pocket Books, 
 
 Russia Leather Port-Folios, 
 
 Russia Leather Card Cases, 
 
 Russia Leather Memorandum Books, 
 
 Russia Leather Segar Cases, 
 
 Russia Leather Ink Stands, 
 
 Russia Leather Calendars, 
 
 Russia Leather Thermometers. 
 
 Russia Leather Writing Desks, Russia Leather Jewel Boxes, 
 
 Russia Leather Gentlemen's Dressing Cases, 
 
 * Russia Leather Ladies' Dressing Cases, 
 
 Russia Leather Playing Card Boxes, 
 
 Russia Leather Work Boxes, 
 
 Rosewood Writing Desks, 
 
 Gold Pens and Holders, 
 
 Gold Tip Rubber Pencils, 
 
 Gold Tip Rubber Pen Holders, 
 
 Pearl and Gold Pencils, Pearl and Rubber Gold Tooth 
 Picks, Pearl Card Cases, Ivory Pocket Books, 
 
 Ivory Card Cases, Ivory Match Safes, 
 
 Ivory Segar Cases, 
 
 Fijiii© Octfe Staicidlsj IVIatsEi 
 
 PeaH and Pap;©P ©y)tt©(r§„ 
 
 CZ^INITIAL BOXES^^ 
 
 Gotttaittittg Fine Timtei Eapep aadl ln¥elopes to lateli. 
 
 — ALL THE INITIALS ON HAND— 
 
 Together with an Extensive Assortment of Latest Styles Tinted Paper and Envelopes, and all 
 Articles in the Stationery Line. 
 
 RICHARD MAGEE & SON, 
 
 No. 808 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 
J. W. PH ICE. 
 
 WM. ir. PRICE. 
 
 RESTAURATEURS, 
 
 305 Chestnut St., & 14 South Broad St. 
 
 BANK OF ENOLAND WRITING FLUID. 
 
 This Fluid is especially valuable lor Deeds and Le^al Documents, on account of its dur- 
 able qualt'es. It also flows more easily, will not spread, and leaves a smoother stroke ihan any 
 other Ink. For Book keeping and writing of every description, it cannot be excelled. It wifi 
 not set off on the opposite page. 
 
 Prok. Edwin Haas. A. M., 
 
 Priniipal of the “New .Jersey Collegiate Institute,” Bordentown, N. J. 
 
 Having had much experience in the use of ditferent Inks lor the last twenty-five years 
 in the school-room, I am free to say that I have never found any that has given so much satis- 
 faction in all respects as Thk Bank OK England Ink. I think it superior to any Ink ever manu- 
 factured. 
 
 Bokdkntown N. .1., Aug. 26, 1S74. EDWIN HAAS. 
 
 Philadelphia, August 22nd, 1874. 
 
 Friknd Magee;— The Bank ok England Ink is by far the best Writing Ink in 
 the Market. It possesses the following qualities so indispensable in Ink : 
 
 1st. It does not thicken 2d. It does not corrode the pen. 3d. It flows freely. 4th. It 
 becomes jet black with age. 
 
 After eleven years use of all makes of Ink, with indiflferent satisfaction, I have at last 
 found what I have long wished for. an article of Ink that suits me in all respects. 
 
 Your Friend. Rev. A. NELSON HOLLIFIELD. 
 
 MANUFACTURED AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BY 
 
 ORICHARD MAGEE &SONO 
 
 808 CHESTNUT STREET, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 CENTENNI AL^£) 
 
 A NOTE PAPER AND ENVELePESA 
 
 PUT UP llPt BSAUTJPUL 
 
 R. MA-GEE & SON, 
 
 808 Chestnut Street. 
 
THE 
 
 DAILY GRAPHIC. 
 
 THE GREAT 
 
 Metropolitan Illustrated Newspaper 
 
 AND 
 
 ONLY PICTORIAL DAILY JOURNAL IN EXISTENCE. 
 
 PRESENTING FROM FOUR TO EIGHT PAGES OF 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS, 
 
 AND FROM FOUR TO EIGHT PAGES OF 
 
 NEWS 
 
 Everyday. FINE ENURAYINGS given away as Supplements, or printed on 
 heavy paper, suitable for framing, from T-wenty Cents to One Dollar each. 
 
 EVERY IMPORTANT EVENT CONNECTED WITH 
 
 REAT 
 
 ENTENNIAL 
 
 lias been Illustrated in THE DAILY (IIIAPIIIC, and its tilesform aconsecutive 
 
 HISTORY OF THE EXPOSITION. 
 
 Its Circulation has reached 130,000 Copies in a single day, thus forming 
 the very best medium for Advertisers, while it is noted for Fearless Editorials 
 and the Finest Correspondence published. 
 
 Price Twelve Dollars per Annum, by Mail, or Five Cents per Copy. 
 
 NEW YOEK OFFICES! PHILADELPHIA OFFICES! 
 
 35, 37, 39 and 41 PARK PLACE. N. W. Cor. 10th and CIIESTIT STREWS. 
 

 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 
 
 R. MAGEE & SON, 
 
 C808 CHESTNUT STREET 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 •PLAIN AND FANCY 
 
 YFRIMTIMGY 
 
 OF ALL KINDS, NEATLY AND PROMPTLY EXECUTED, 
 
 -AT— 
 
 R. MAGEE & SON’S 
 
 808 Chestnut Street, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
REMARKS 
 
 — ON— 
 
 ITS CAUSES, TREATMENT AND REMEDY. 
 
 A CUKE SHOULD BE EFFECTED SAFELY AND PLEASANTLY, BUT ABOVE ALL, SAFELY. 
 
 TO THE DRXJEXjIO. 
 
 It is now thirty years since I first prepared my Anti-Dyspep- 
 tic Elixir and presented it to the public, and though for the last 
 fifteen years, through absence and attention to other duties, I have 
 not prepared the medicine for market, its character as a curative 
 agent is so widely known and appreciated, that I have been impor- 
 tuned to again place it on sale, and now do so with renewed confi- 
 dence in its merit, and respectfully solicit from all those who suffer 
 with Dyspepsia and its attendant ills, their attention to its well 
 known efficacy. James Williams, M. D. 
 
 Philadelphia, Avgust, 1875. 
 
 There are few complaints more prevalent, particularly among sedentary me- 
 chanics and artisans, students, and professional men generally, as we-11 as among 
 the indolent and luxurious inhabitants of all large and wealthy cities, than those 
 which have their origin in the stomach and tlie other organs concerned in diges- 
 tion. The stomach and intestinal canal, parts ot a most delicate structure, and 
 possessed of an exquisite sensibility, are not only hourly subject to injury from 
 improper food and drinks, or an excessive indulgenceof the appetie in diet, which, 
 if taken in moderation would be altogether wholesome ; but, by the closer sym- 
 pathy which exists between these and all other organs, they quickly participate 
 in the diseases of other and remote parts. Whether it be the brain, the lungs or 
 the skin which suffers, the stomach cannot remain in health. Hence, Indiges- 
 tion is an attendant upon nearly every malady, both acute and chronic, to which 
 the human body is liable. The symptoms of pain and uneasiness in the region of 
 the stomach are often indeed the first which direct the attention of the patient to 
 his real condition. On the other hand, the extensive sympathies of the stomach 
 cause the diseases which may originate primarily in the latter to be extended to 
 the liver, bowels, brain, skin and lungs. It is this that renders indigestion so com- 
 plicated and protean a disease — differing in its phenomena according to the period 
 that it has existed, and the constitution, age and sex of the patient in whom it occurs 
 
 THE ANTI-DYSPEPTIC ELIXIR 
 
 —IS PREPARED BY- 
 
 JAMES WILLIAMS, M. D. 
 
 Who can be consulted on all Diseases of the Digestive Organs, free of charge, at the 
 GENERAL AGENCY AND DEPOT OF HIS MEDICINE, 
 
 M. W. latfeand MARKtTT STEtSBTPS, PMdLAtltPHilA,, P®. 
 
 FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS. TREATISE SENT FREE. 
 
DELAWARE BUILDING. 
 
 Mtentionof Cer^MnnUd Victors are respe^fiMy called to the 
 Ejctensive Stock of iiric (roods, suitable 
 
 resents and centenniad souvenirs, 
 
 — KKPT BY— 
 
 R. MA@ti i®i sTitiv. 
 
 Bentennial Playing Sard Album, Oenteanial Note Paper and ^ 
 
 ottbe OentenLl Buildings, (Size 25230) Centennial Albums, Initial and Stoonery 
 Bones, Pine Russia Leather 9oods of all binds, Sold Pens, Pearl, Ivory and 
 Gold Mounted Eubber Holders and Pencils, etc., etc. 
 
 ■ogetber with .b Extensive Assortment of Latest Styles Tinted Paper and Envelopes, and all Article, 
 
 in the Stationery Line. 
 
 IHARD MAGEE 4 SON. 808 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
'■ ? 
 
 RICHARD MAGEE & 
 
 WHCLE^AEH AND RETAIL 
 
 SON 
 
 ^TATIONER^, pRINTERE |i!THOQRAPHERp. 
 
 '•AND 
 
 CBLANKBOOK MAKERS:' 
 
 llICIIAUB MAGEB-B 
 
 HAS ASSOR': 
 
 lUE 5“l |2Si| |kl 
 
 SUITABLE FOR B 'RESF E 
 
 Strai'scTs others are eonlially invit-.il to cal' ao ’ cxainiiie thuir stack W iR-'icr f; ey yish.- 
 - to i uioha c or r. t. 
 
 S03 CHrSTMUT STIIEET, PEILADEIPAIA, ?A. 
 
 eOS CHESTNUT STREET, PKILADEL