BirtW FOR OFFICIAL USE i I u Ml £ This Memorandum may be referred to as Circular 1096. BOARD OF EDUCATION Draft Suggestions for the Arrangement of Schemes under tjfte Education Act, 1918. ■V : m UMttr »f m Ja H 3 o 19!4 BQ/fYdF J % fi fr *.s„ LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from H.M. ST AT I ON E R Y OFFICE at the following addresses : ^^^Imperial House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2, and 28, Abingdon Street, London, S.W.i; 37, Peter Street, Manchester; 1, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff; 23, Forth Street, Edinburgh; or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. 1919. Price 6 d. Net. INDEX. 1. Memorandum 2. Schedule A. (Counties) 3. Schedule B. (County Boroughs) 4. Schedule C. (Part III. Local Education Authorities) x (36)7120 V 4,ia CS 1 ‘ ' * v — r rt Q I (x CJt March 7th, 1919. BOARD OF EDUCATION. DRAFT SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF SCHEMES SUBMITTED BY LOCAL EDUCATION AUTHORITIES UNDER THE EDUCATION ACT, 1918. 1. I am directed to forward herewith, for the consideration of the Local Education Authority, draft suggestions for the arrangement of schemes under the Education Act, 1918, which have been prepared with the assistance of a Committee which included representatives of Local Education Authorities of all types. The explanations given in the following paragraphs are intended to assist the Authorities in their consideration of the draft suggestions, and also to indicate the Board s conception of the duty which has been laid upon the Authority by the Act. Object and Scope of Schemes. CO t •*- ot 1 r> 2. One of the most important purposes of the Education Act, as explained by the President of the Board of Education in the debate upon the second reading of the Bill, is to establish the principle that all forms of education shall be considered as parts of a single whole, and to secure that all Local Education Authorities, so far as their powers extend, shall contribute to the establishment of an adequate national system. The immediate purpose of the scheme procedure, which is the subject of Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the Act, is to encourage each Authority to make a compre¬ hensive and systematic survey of the educational needs of its area, and to formulate a policy for the progressive development and organisation of its own educational provision in relation to national as well as to local requirements. 3. In formulating the policy which will ultimately be set out in the scheme or schemes submitted to the Board, it is obviously important that the Authority shall not take too short a view, or coniine its educational vision within the limits which present resources in personnel, material, or money may suggest. The Authority should therefore approach the subject with the intention of providing a programme of educational development for a period of 10 years at least. Such a programme will naturally be most precise and detailed in regard to the work proposed for the first few years of such a period, but it is now necessary to provide not merely for dealing with the arrears which have accumulated during the war, but also for the building up of a much improved national system of education ; and the schemes to be submitted now, or in the near future, should therefore certainly not exclude proposals for developments which can only be carried out during the latter part of such a period as has been mentioned. The submission of such proposals at this juncture even if only in outline, will afford a basis for deliberate consideration of future needs, and the proposals themselves can be modified and more accurately defined as the time for giving effect to them approaches. 4. It will be observed that the heads suggested in the enclosures do not include any which refer to the exercise by Local Education Authorities of their powers under Part IY. of the Children Act, 1908, in relation to Industrial Schools, the Central Authority in that case being the Secretary of State and not the Board of Education. The Authority will no doubt inform the Board if it considers that the provision for elementary education is in any way materially affected by the manner in which it exercises such powers. 5. Nor is it suggested that the scheme submitted by the Council of a County shall include proposals for the exercise by the Authority of the power to provide education in rural or agricultural subjects of the type which is supervised and aided by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries and not by the Board of Education. It is understood that the Board ot Agriculture and Fisheries will invite Local Education Authorities for county areas to submit to them schemes for the provision of agricultural education of this character. The proposals submitted to the Board of Agriculture in reply to this invitation should not be included in any scheme which is submitted for the formal approval contemplated by Section 5 of the Education Act, x (36)7120 Wt 46030—815—510(A) 5000 3/19 E fc S B 4 1918, but the Board will he glad to receive for their information only, and not as part of the scheme, a copy of the documents in which these proposals are set out. On the other hand, the Authority’s proposals for the provision of rural education in Elementary and Secondary Schools, and courses in rural subjects planned for students under 10 or 1/ as well as courses lor the training of teachers employed in schools and classes aided by the Board of Education, whatever the subject of instruc¬ tion may be and whatever the status of the person by whom the instruction is given, will, of course, find their appropriate places in the scheme which the Authority will submit to the Board of Education.* Style and Eohm of Scheme. (i) The Introduction to the Scheme. 6. The Board consider it very desirable that the scheme, or the main scheme if more than one is to be submitted, which will necessarily enter into considerable detail, should be prefaced by an introduction, containing, amongst other things :— (i) such a survey of the educational needs (so far as the powers of the Authority extend) as will indicate in broad outline the Authority’s conception of the educational provision which is judged to be suitable for the area according to present-day ideals and standards; (ii) a summary statement showing the extent to which the existing provision covers the ground which the Authority ultimately intends to occupy ; and (iii) a related statement arising out of the comparison of these two statements which will serve as a note, not only for the Board and for the Authority, but for other persons and bodies interested, of the work of development and expansion which is admittedly required during the next decade or thereabouts. The success of an Authority’s policy will depend to a large .extent upon the measure of public interest and support which the Authority can command, and it appears to the Board to be most important, if not essential, that any general statement of the Authority’s proposals and ideals which appears in the introductory matter should he set out with a view to publication and in a manner which is likely to interest parents and other bodies or persons concerned. 7. The Board also suggest that in the introduction to the scheme proper a brief account should be given of the principal characteristics of the area and of the occupa¬ tions of its population. Statistical information as to the number of children and young persons for whose education the Authority will be responsible is very much to be desired for-the effective consideration of the scheme. The Board will also be in a better position to appreciate the problems with which the Authority has to deal if they receive from the Authority itself an account of its general administrative arrange¬ ments. In the case of a county area, information as to its financial arrangements, with particular reference to the relations between the Part II. Authority and the autonomous Part III. Authorities in regard to Higher Education, is also of great importance. (ii) The Scheme Proper. 8. The scheme proper, to be submitted for the formal approval of the Board, will form the second part of the Authority’s statement. It is recognised that some Authorities may have to present their proposals in a form different from that suggested in view of the special conditions of their areas; but it is believed that, in the majority of cases, the suggestions made in the enclosures will assist Authorities in drawnng up a clear and intelligible statement of the ideals at which they aim, as well as of the particular proposals by means of which they hope to realise those ideals. Moreover, the prompt consideration of the scheme of an Authority will be facilitated if the scheme has been drawn up in conformity with a general plan, and this advantage in the adoption of a uniform plan of arrangement should not be over¬ looked. It is, of course, not the intention of the Beard in suggesting this plan to prescribe the contents of the scheme. 9. The suggested heads of schemes, which will be found in the enclosures, represent a somewhat close analysis of the various aspects of educational provision. * See Art. 5 (a) of the Regulations for Technical Schools, &c. / o The main purpose of offering these suggestions in so much detail is to indicate the principal points that in one area or another, though not necessarily in all, deserve notice and consideration in connection with the preparation of a policy for educational development. The importance to he attached to the several topics will naturally differ widely from area to area. It is recognised that some of them may not be applicable to the local conditions of particular areas, and that others must remain in the background for several years to come. On the other hand, certain heads are of obvious and universal importance, and it is expected that all Authorities will be in a position to furnish within a reasonable period a clear and full statement of their intentions in regard to these matters. There are other important heads under which practically ail Authorities should he able to give at least a provisional indication of their attitude and their intentions. 10. The scheme as a whole should contain concrete and definite proposals as regards those matters which require to be dealt with during the first few years after the Appointed Pay. Proposals upon the less urgent matters will, as already explained, he regarded by the Board as more provisional in character and as open to such detailed discussion at leisure as may lead to the submission of definitive proposals as the time approaches for immediate action. It is doubtless the case that some of the Authorities which have been most active and progressive of recent years may, as respects some matters of great importance, find less occasion for developments in the immediate future, or even within any period of reasonable duration. In such cases the Authority will no doubt take the opportunity of explaining the absence of any specific proposals under the heads concerned. 11. It will of course be understood that a scheme cannot conveniently set out all the details which are necessary for the purposes of the Authority’s and the Board’s administration. It is not desirable to overload it with particulars which, especially in branches of the educational service which are new or rapidly developing, will quickly become out of date. Some particulars, e.g ., those relating to the purchase of sites, and plans of buildings, must obviously be furnished from time to time as the proposals of the Authority mature. Again, the actual annual programme of Part-time Day and Evening Classes under the Regulations for Technical Schools, &c., which is required both for purposes of inspection and administration, will be more conveniently dealt Avith separately as a document supplementary to the scheme. The distinction between the “ comprehensive and systematic plan ” mentioned in Article 2 of the Revised Draft Regulations for Technical Schools, &c., and the “ Annual Area Scheme ” referred to in Article 15, corresponds broadly to the distinction here drawn between the contents of a scheme submitted under the Act and such supplementary detailed statements as may be subsequently required. Similarly in the sphere of the School Medical Service, where considerable developments may be expected, the administrative details of the programme of work may properly he reserved for a supplementary statement. Experience will sIioav Iioav the line between the scheme proper and the supplementary statements may most conveniently be draAvn. 12. The Authority will realise that Avliile periodical review of the scheme is necessary, its continual alteration year by year is impracticable. On the other hand, material must be furnished not only to facilitate effective inspection, hut also to enable the Board to judge how far actual performance is keeping pace with intention, and for this purpose a less formal and more elastic procedure than that of the statutory scheme is essential. When the scheme is approved the supplementary details will naturally be worked out by the Authority in consultation Avith the Board. Additional Information not forming Part of the Scheme. 13. In view of the detailed requirements of Section 1 of the Act, it is thought that it will be convenient for the Authority, in communicating a scheme, to furnish an additional statement as to the proceedings Avhicli have led up to its submission. This statement should indicate Avhat representations, if any, have been made to the Authority by parents or other bodies or persons interested, Avhat measures have been adopted to ascertain their views, and Avhat steps have been taken to give publicity to the Authority’s proposals. The Council of a County should also explain the measures they have taken to consult the Part III. Authorities within their area, and should furnish the report required to he made under Section 4 of the Act as to the co-operation which is to be anticipated from each Part III. Authority in regard to matters of common interest. 6 Matters requiring Immediate Attention. 14. The preparation of a comprehensive scheme such as has been indicated above will require much careful consideration, and it will of course be understood that matters of pressing urgency should be taken in hand at once, and should not he postponed until the Authority is in a position to submit a scheme for the Board’s approval. The Printing oe Schemes. 15. A scheme will as a rule deal with so large a range of matters that simultaneous consideration of the document by a number of the Board’s Officers will he necessary, and in order that a sufficient number of copies shall be readily available the scheme should he printed. At a later date the Board propose to issue a Circular making suggestions with regard to the printing of schemes, and in the meantime if the Authority has any views as to the particular size and format which would he most convenient the Board will gladly consider them. BOARD OF EDUCATION, Whitehall. 1th March 1919. 7 SCHEDULE A. DRAFT SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF A SCHEME TO BE SUBMITTED UNDER SECTION ONE OF THE EDUCATION ACT, 1918, BY THE COUNCIL OF A COUNTY. 1.—INTRODUCTION TO THE SCHEME. General. [N.B.—The information under heads 1 to 3 may with advantage be illustrated by suitable maps.] 1. A survey of the educational needs of the area, indicating, amongst other matters, the extent to which educational provision and administration are affected bv any special features in its geographical, social, economic and cultural conditions. 2. A summary of the existing educational provision, indicating, amongst other matters, the extent to which the various types of education are supplied or aided by means of endowments; together with an outline statement, not burdened with detail such as will be given in the scheme itself, of the additional provision considered necessary in order that the educational needs of the area can be adequately met. 3. A statement as to the principal occupations in the Part II. area, indicating for each, in what parts of the area, if any, it is concentrated, the practice as to apprenticeship or other entry into industrial occupations, and any important changes (other than transitory changes due to war conditions), which have taken place since the last census as regards their organisation, or the number, age or sex of those engaged in them. 4. A statement as to any important changes since the last census, or anticipated in the future, in the child population in the County Part III. area, and in the young person ” population in the County Part II. area as a whole, indicating in each case the particular localities, if any, in which a rapid rise or decline in the population is expected. 5. An estimate of— Statistical. (a) the number of children between 5 (or 6) and 14 (or 15) resident in the County Part III. area at the date of the submission of the scheme, giving the figures, if possible, at each year of age; (b) the number of such children who are attending school, distinguishing between the types of school they attend;* (c) the number of children between 5 (or 6) and 14 (or 15) resident outside the County Part III. area who are attending Public Elementary Schools maintained by the Authority; (d) the number of boys and girls over 14 (or 15) and under 5 (or 6) who are attending Public Elementary Schools maintained by the Authority. 6. An estimate, if possible, at each year of age, of— (a) the number of young persons between 14 (or 15) and 18 years of age resident in the County Part II. area; (b) the number of young persons referred to in (a) who are attending full-time instruction in a school recognised by the Board as efficient or are otherwise under suitable and efficient full-time instruction. * e -U-> Maintained Public Elementary Schools, Institution Schools conducted under Section 15 Education Act, 1902, Special Schools for blind, deaf, defective, or epileptic children, Poor Law Schools, Industrial Schools, Certified Efficient Schools, Private Elementary Schools, Preparatory Schools, Secondary Schools, Junior Technical Schools, &c. x 7120 C 8 Administrative Arrangements. ' 7. A general outline of the administrative system of the Authority. 8. Methods of financing Elementary Education in the County Part 111. area, and Higher Education in the County Part II. area, indicating, in the latter case, the arrangements as to rating in the autonomous Part ITT. areas, and in other districts of the County area (Section 18 (1), Education Act, 1902, and Section 36, Education Act, 1918). 9. Arrangements for controlling and testing the registration of attendances and the accuracy of returns made to the Authority or to the Board of Education. 10. Arrangements for the employment of organising teachers and for the inspection (if any) of schools. 11. Methods of stimulating the interest of parents and others in the work of the Schools of various types and of disseminating information as to the educational opportunities. 2.—HEADS OF SCHEME. I.—Elementary Education. 1. Proposed Organisation of Elementary Education in the Area. (a) Provision of practical instruction suitable to the ages, abilities and require¬ ments of the children, to be made by means of central or other special classes or otherwise, with the basis, if any, on which the amount of the provision is determined. (b) Provision of advanced instruction to be made for older or more intelligent children by means of— (i) central schools; (ii) other types of provision; and the basis, if any, on which the supply of such instruction is determined. (c) Arrangements for observing and dealing with dull or backward children. (d) Policy as to the size of classes. (e) Principles, if any, for determining in the case of new or reconstructed schools for both boys and girls the choice between various methods of organisation into departments, e.g . — (i) infants’ departments, i.e., up to about 7 or 8 years of age, or junior departments, i.e., up to about 9 or 10 years of age; (ii) mixed, dual or separate departments for older children; and for determining the choice between men and women for Head Teaclierships and Assistantships in departments of various types. 2. Proposals for establishing and maintaining a Teaching Service adequate in Number and suitable in Qualifications for carrying out the Authority’s Policy. (a) Proposed procedure for bringing into operation the Authority’s policy:— (i) as to the size of classes, so far as it affects the total number of teachers ultimately required in the service; (ii) as to the standards of staffing ultimately to be established for various types of school in the area; (in) as to the proportion in which the total staff ultimately contemplated is to consist of Certificated Teachers, Uncertificated Teachers and teachers of other grades, distinguishing between men and women. (b) Provision for maintaining an adequate staff of Supply Teachers throughout the year. (c) Provision of teachers (i) for practical instruction and (ii) for advanced instruction. 9 ( d ) Extent to which intending teachers are to be admitted as Student-Teachers or Pupil-Teachers. (e) Arrangements for encouraging teachers to extend their professional knowledge by granting time off for further study, by formation of teachers’ libraries, &c. (/) Proposals of the Authority as to the remuneration of teachers. 3. Proposals as to School Accommodation and Equipment with a View to CARRYING OUT THE AUTHORITY’S POLICY. {a) Proposals (including proposals of Managers of non-provided schools) for the better utilisation of existing school buildings, by means of the amalgamation of schools or redistribution of children, including redistribution in non-provided schools of the same denominational character in the same locality (Section 31, Education Act, 1918). ( b ) Proposals (including proposals of Managers of non-provided schools) for dealing systematically with the provision of the school accommodation required for the carrying out of the Authority’s policy by means of a programme arranged in order of urgency for— (i) additional schools or departments; (ii) replacement of existing buildings; (iii) additions to existing buildings; (iv) re-modelling or improvement of existing buildings; (v) provision or extension of playgrounds; (vi) provision of special rooms or special centres for practical instruction; (vii) provision of school gardens ; (viii) provision of school baths; (ix) provision of teachers’ houses or hostels. (c) Arrangements for reaching and maintaining a proper standard as regards sufficiency and suitability of school furniture, books, apparatus and materials. ( d ) Arrangements for providing and maintaining school libraries or for utilising juvenile sections of public libraries. (e) Arrangements for the comfort and wellbeing of children coming daily from a distance. 4. School Attendance. Proposed arrangements for— (i) ascertaining the number and distribution of children of school age in the area; (ii) securing regular and punctual attendance and ascertaining the cause of absence. 5. Proposals as to Scholarships and Maintenance Allowances for Children in Public Elementary Schools over 12 Years of Age. (Section 11, Education (Administrative Provisions) Act, 1907, and Section 24, Education Act, 1918.) 6. Proposed Arrangements for dealing with Children in exceptional Circumstances. (Section 21, Education Act, 1918.) 7. Proposed Provision for administering the Law relating to the Employ¬ ment of School Children. (Sections 13 and 15, Education Act, 1918.) (a) Establishment and administration of byelaws. ( b ) Supervision of employed children. (c) Special arrangements for children employed in theatrical or other public performances. 8. Special Services. (a) School Medical Service. * (i) Proposals as to constitution, organisation School Medical Service; and development of the c 2 10 (ii) Proposals for— (a) inspection of children; (/3) following up; (y) treatment, e.g., eyes, teeth, tonsils and adenoids, and minor ailments; and remedial exercises; ( S) medical observation and supervision of employed children (Section 15, Education Act, 1918); (e) dealing with uncleanliness; (£) dealing in consultation with the Sanitary Authority with infectious diseases and other matters of common interest; (■g) medical investigations as to dull or backward children; (0) ascertaining what children (whether in attendance at school or not) are blind, deaf, physically defective or epileptic for the purpose of the Special Acts; (l) ascertaining what children are defective within the meaning of the Mental Deficiency Act, 1913, and-notifying suitable cases to the Local Control Authority in accordance with the Mental Deficiency (Notification of Children) Regulations, 1914. (b) Special Schools. Proposals for enabling the following classes of children to obtain suitable education in certified schools :— (i) blind children, including partially blind; (ii) deaf children, including partially deaf; (iii) physically defective children, including delicate children for whom an open-air school is desirable; (iv) mentally defective children; (v) epileptic children. (c) Provision of Meals for Children attending Public Elementary Schools. Proposals for— (i) accommodation and equipment and the service of meals; (ii) making the provision available for children whose parents can defray the cost of meals; (iii) dealing with special needs as occasion arises, e.g., at times when there is exceptional unemployment; (iv) associating the School Medical Service with the work of feeding school children. (d) Organisation of social and physical training in connection with Public Elementary Schools. (i) Proposed provision for— (a) organising physical training, including swimming and children’s games ; ( (3 ) vacation schools and classes (Section 13, Education (Administrative Provisions) Act, 1907); (y) evening play centres (Section 13, Education (Administrative Provisions) Act, 1907); (8) holiday and school camps (Section 17, Education Act, 1918); (e) playing fields and school swimming baths (Section 17, Education Act, 1918); (£) other social and physical training (Section 17, Education Act, 1918). (ii) Proposed arrangements, if any, for utilising the assistance of Juvenile Welfare Organisations. (e) Nursery Schools (Section 19 (1), Education Act, 1918). Proposals for— (i) supplying or aiding the supply; (ii) attending to the health, nourishment and physical welfare of the children. 11 II.— Co-ordination of Public Elementary Schools with Schools forming part of the System of Higher Education. Arrangements for co-ordinating the work of the Elementary Schools with that of— (i) Continuation Schools; (ii) Secondary Schools; (iii) Junior Technical Schools; (iv) Other full-time Schools; indicating in each of the cases (ii), (iii) and (iv) the normal age of transfer and the methods adopted for selecting the pupils. III.— Secondary Schools. 1. Proposed Organisation of Secondary Education in the Area, including the Provision to be made in Schools not provided by the Authority. (a) Statistical estimate of the supply of Secondary School accommodation required for the area, regard being had to the needs of children previously educated : — (i) ill Public Elementary Schools; (ii) otherwise. (b) Procedure for ascertaining local needs. (c) Arrangements, if any, for preparatory departments. ( d) Types of Secondary Schools which will be included in the provision available for the area, and principles of differentiation in respect of aim, curriculum, length of course, provision for Advanced Courses or other advanced work. (e) Proposals for co-ordination of schools of different types and arrangements as to transfer of individual scholars. (/) Proposals for re-arrangement of supply by amalgamation of schools or otherwise. ( g) Proposals for co-operation with other Authorities as to the provision or maintenance of schools or otherwise. ( Ji ) Proposals in order of urgency for additional provision of schools and hostels to be made by the Authority, or by other bodies, with a view to establishing an adequate, appropriate and accessible supply of Secondary Schools for the area. 2. Arrangements for administering the Schools. (a) Methods of regulating admission with a view to establishing a suitable entrance standard, facilitating classification, and securing an adequate duration of school life. ( b ) Arrangements as to Governing Bodies of provided schools and their relations with the Authority. (c) Arrangements for treating non-provided schools within or without the area as part of the local system, including the conditions and methods of aiding such schools. (d) Scales of fees or other charges in respect of the pupils in the different types of school included in the local system. 3. Aid to Pupils. ( See XL, page 16.) 4. Teachers. Proposals as to the remuneration of teachers. IV.—Continuation Schools. 1. Continuation Schools on the Basis of Voluntary Attendance. (a) Proposals for establishing Continuation Schools of the type contemplated by the Education Act, 1918, on the basis of voluntary attendance during the day- c 3 12 time (whether by arrangement with employers or otherwise), in anticipation of the Appointed Day for compulsory attendance. (b) Proposals for the continuance pending the Appointed Day of junior part- time courses in the evening, or in the day-time on lines different from those of the Continuation Schools contemplated by the Act. (c) Proposals for providing during the seven years following the Appointed Day, day or evening part-time courses of various types suitable for students of 16 to 18 years of age. (See also V. 1 (a) (iii), page 13.) 2. Proposed Organisation of the Statutory Continuation School System. (a) Approximate numbers of boys and girls to be admitted annually. (b) Arrangements for formation of Advisory Committees containing employers and workpeople. (c) Types of courses to be provided for boys and girls respectively and their local distribution; arrangements for selecting the school and the course of instruction to be attended by the pupils, and for giving effect to Section 10 (9) of the Education Act, 1918; methods of grading pupils in the courses of instruction taken by them. (d) Hours of attendance to be required in the year and their distribution. (e) Arrangements for physical training (Section 3 (1), Education Act, 1918). (/) Policy as to size of schools and of classes for different subjects. (g) Arrangements for co-operation between Authorities in respect of pupils resident in one area and employed in another. (h) Arrangements for the local management of the schools and for the inclusion in Part III. areas of representatives of the Part III. Local Education Authority (Section 3 (3), Education Act, 1918). (i) Arrangements for securing the co-operation of Universities in the provision of lectures, and classes for pupils for whom instruction by such means is suitable (Section 3 (2), Education Act, 1918). ( j ) Arrangements for encouraging voluntary evening attendance for further study, supervised homework, or recreative subjects, whether in the Continuation Schools or at institutions for Further Education. (Jc) Arrangements for social and physical training (Section 17, Education Act, 1918). (See also VI., page 14.) (1) Arrangements for securing regular attendance (Section 3 (2), Education Act, 1918) and for dealing with claims for exemption (Section 10 (2) and (3), Education Act, 1918). 3. Proposals as to Accommodation and Equipment. Proposals, including any proposals of bodies or persons other than the Authority, for— (i) the use or adaptation of existing buildings or the provision of new buildings; (ii) the provision of apparatus or equipment of a special character. 4. Teachers. (a) Proposed basis as to (i) hours of teaching per week, and (ii) number of weeks’ employment in the year, mi which Continuation School staffing is to be determined. (b) Establishment of men and women teachers to be maintained (including organising teachers, if any) of various types .ancl qualifications. (c) Proposals as to the remuneration of teachers. [N.B.—This Section should be thought of as covering the period between 14 and 18 years of age, though in the first instance it will be carried out only as regards the first half of that period.] 13 V.—Further Education supplementary to that given in Elementary, Secondary and Continuation Schools. 1. Proposed System of Further Education for the Area. (a) Provision to be made, whether by the Authority alone or in conjunction with other Authorities having powers under the Education Acts or by other bodies with a view to the establishment of a system of Further Education available to students in the area by means of — (i) Junior full-time courses of two or more years’ duration, planned to give children leaving Public Elementary Schools preparation for particular occupations (including artistic occupations); (ii) Senior full-time courses in preparation for particular occupations (in¬ cluding artistic occupations) for pupils leaving Secondary Schools after reaching the standard represented by the First School Examination; iii) Senior part-time courses planned for students who have left Secondary and Continuation Schools, or who are exempt from attendance at Continuation Schools, distinguishing between — (a) vocational courses; (/3) courses in liberal subjects, e.g., literature, history, sociology, mathematics, pure science, music, art, &c. (y) courses in practical subjects, such as domestic subjects and handicrafts; (8) courses in physical training; (iv) Courses for adult students, e.g. : — (a) University Extension Lectures; (/3) tutorial classes under the supervision of a University or University College; (y) other classes established by organisations interested in the promotion of liberal studies. (b) Policy with regard to institutions, &c., not provided by the Authority which supply Further Education for students in the area. (c) Arrangements for enabling qualified students to attend special or more advanced courses outside the area. (d) Arrangements for— (i) securing and developing the educational uses of museums and libraries; (ii) developing the educational activities of local Literary, Historical, Archaeological, Scientific, Musical, Artistic and Dramatic Associations. (e) Arrangements for enlisting the co-operation and interest of employers and workpeople in connection with courses related to the needs of particular occupations. (/) Arrangements as to fees. 2. The Position of each of the Principal Institutions in the Local System of Further Education. {a) The scope of the work of each Local College or School of Art, indicating in outline which of the types of work mentioned in 1 (a) above are provided for. ( b ) The scope of the work of each Junior full-time school to be conducted outside the premises of Local Colleges or Schools of Art. 3. Provision of Accommodation and Equipment. Proposals in order of urgency for providing suitable accommodation and equip¬ ment for the purposes of the local scheme of Further Education (including proposals of bodies other than the Authority), distinguishing between proposals concerning the premises of — (i) Local Colleges; (ii) Schools of Art; (iii) Junior full-time schools; (iv) Other centres of instruction. C 4 14 4. Proposals for Aid to Pupils and Students. (See XI., page 16.) 5. Teachers. Proposals as to tlie remuneration of teachers. VI. — Social and Physical Training of Pupils and Students attending Educational Institutions other than Elementary Schools (Section 17, Education Act, 1918). Arrangements for — (i) Holiday and school camps; (ii) the provision of physical training centres, playing fields, and swimming baths; (iii) developing corporate life by means of clubs, games, &c., and for enlisting the co-operation of Juvenile Welfare Organisations; (iv) other facilities for social and physical training in the day or evening. VII. — Proposed Arrangements for the Medical Inspection and Treatment (Section 18, Education Act, 1918) of Children and Young Persons attending— (a) Secondary Schools; ( b ) Continuation Schools; (c) Other educational institutions not being elementary schools. (Compare Elementary Education, Paragraph 8 (a).) VIII.—Proposed Arrangements under the Choice of Employment Act, 1910, including Arrangements for the Co-operation of Part III. Local Education Authorities. IX.—Supply, Education and Training of Teachers. 1. Proposed Arrangements for the Recruitment and Preliminary Education and Training of intending Teachers. (a) Proposed annual recruitment by the Authority of boys and girls intending to be teachers, indicating the attention which has been given to such local needs as— (i) the maintenance of the existing number of adult teachers in the elementary schools; (ii) the requirements as to increase in number and improvements in quality of elementary school staffs arising through— (a) changes in the extent of the obligation to attend school full time; (J3) proposals for the ultimate replacement of Supplementary or Uncertificated Teachers by teachers with higher qualifications; (y) the Amthority’s policy as to the size of classes; (iii) the requirements of Part III. areas within the county; (iv) the requirements of schools other than elementary schools; and to the possibility of using the local resources for— (v) contributing to national as distinct from local requirements. ( b ) The number of the intending teachers referred to in (a) who will obtain their preliminary education by the normal method of attending full time at a Secondary School from the age of 12 or earlier (i) up to the age of 17 at least; or (ii) up to the age of 16 at least, followed by pupil teacliership for two years. (c) The number of the intending teachers referred to in (a) who will obtain their preliminary education under arrangements supplementary to the normal method, distinguishing between those— (i) transferred under special conditions from elementary schools to Secondary Schools at or about the age of 14; 15 (ii) instructed in independent Pupil-Teacher Centres or in classes preparatory to such Centres; (iii) instructed in Pupil-Teacher Centres attached to central or other elementary schools; (iv) instructed under arrangements specially approved for the recognition of pupil-teachers in rural areas for three or four years. (, d) Provision of Bursarships or other allowances in connection with the arrangements for preliminary education. (e) Arrangements for the preliminary practical training of intending teachers, including arrangements for co-operation witli Part III. Local Education Authorities. (/) Methods of making known to parents and others the prospects of the teaching profession and the local opportunities for entering it. 2. Proposed Provision for Training of intending Teachers. (a) Arrangements for assisting persons intending to be teachers in Public Elementary Schools, Special Schools, or Secondary Schools to proceed to University Training Departments or to Training Colleges, distinguishing between— (i) Grants to students; (ii) Grants to institutions in consideration of reservation of places; (iii) Other methods of supplying or aiding the supply of facilities for training. (b) Arrangements for providing or aiding the provision of training for intending teachers of— (i) Art; (ii) Domestic subjects; (iii) Handicraft; (iv) Physical exercises; or for aiding students to obtain such training. (c) Arrangements in contemplation as to the training of persons intending to teach in Continuation Schools— (i) Co-operation with Universities in respect of the training of graduates in full-time courses; (ii) Other provision for supplying or aiding the supply of training in full¬ time courses of at least one year’s duration; (iii) Provision of short full-time or part-time courses in Technical Schools or elsewhere for— (a) teachers in Secondary or Public Elementary Schools desirous of qualifying for work in Continuation Schools; (/3) teachers with Evening School experience; (y) persons without teaching experience, but with a knowledge of industries, commerce, music, art, domestic subjects, gardening, physical exercises, &c.; (iv) Arrangements for enabling persons whose previous experience has been in teaching to make themselves acquainted with industrial or commercial conditions; (v) Allowances to enable students to attend— (a) University Departments for the training of graduates; (/3) other full-time courses of at least one year’s duration; (y) short full-time courses ; (8) part-time courses. (d) Arrangements in contemplation as to the training of persons intending to teach in Technical Schools. (e) Arrangements in contemplation as to the training of persons intending to teach in Nursery Schools. 3. Proposed Provision for Persons already engaged in Teaching. (a) Provision of short full-time or part-time courses specially planned for teachers. c 5 x 7120 16 (b) Facilities offered for the attendance of teachers at— (i) full-time courses at University Training Departments, Training Colleges or other central institutions; (ii) short full-time courses at home or abroad; (iii) local part-time courses. (c) Facilities for enabling teachers to visit schools for observation. [X.B. — Courses or facilities intended for Uncertificated Teachers or Supplementary Teachers would be distinguished from those intended for teachers already possessing Degrees, Certificates or Diplomas.] X.—University Education. 1. Proposals for aiding the supply of University education— (a) by grants for general maintenance; (b) bt^ grants in respect of places reserved for students nominated by the Authority; (c) by grants for erection of premises or for equipment. 2. Aid to Students. (See XI.) XI. — Aid to Pupils and Students. Provision, in addition to that made by College, School and Scholarship Foundations, for securing that children and young persons shall not be debarred from receiving the benefits of any form of education by which they are capable of profiting through inability to pay fees (Section 4 (4), Education Act, 1918), and otherwise for aiding pupils and students. [N.B. — So far as possible the particulars given should distinguish awards carrying remission of fees only (whether described as free places, free studentships, scholarships or otherwise), and those carrying, in addition to remission of fees, aid towards maintenance, travelling, or boarding. Entrance, internal and leaving scholarships should also be distinguished. Information should be given as to the number, value, type of institution in which tenable and period of tenure; the methods of award should be indicated, with any limitations as to age, sex, area, or as to income of parents. Attention should be directed to any specific provision for aiding Secondary School pupils transferred or removing from school to school within the area, or from a school in the area to a school outside the area, or vice versa. Any provision for enabling pupils or students to obtain training of special types at non¬ local institutions (e.g., institutions for sea-training) should also be mentioned. Aid given in special connection with the Supply, Education and Training of teachers will be more conveniently dealt with under the appropriate heads of IX.] XII.—Aid for Research (Section 23, Education Act, 1918). Proposals for exercising the power of the Authority to aid teachers and students to carry out investigations for the advancement of learning or research, and to aid educational institutions with that object. 17 SCHEDULE B. DRAFT SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF A SCHEME TO BE SUBMITTED UNDER SECTION ONE OF THE EDUCATION ACT, 1918, BY THE COUNCIL OF A COUNTY BOROUGH. 1.—INTRODUCTION TO THE SCHEME. General. \N.B .—The information under heads 1 to 3 may with advantage be illustrated by suitable maps, particularly in the case of the larger areas.] 1. A survey of the educational needs of the area, indicating, amongst other matters, the extent to which educational provision and administration are affected by any special features in its geographical, social, economic and cultural conditions. 2. A summary of the existing educational provision, indicating, amongst other matters, the extent to which the various types of education are supplied or aided by means of endowments; together with an outline statement not burdened with detail such as will be given in the scheme itself, of the additional provision considered necessary in order that the educational needs of the area can be adequately met. 3. A statement as to the principal occupations in the area, indicating for each, in what parts, if any, of the area it is concentrated, the practice as to apprenticeship or other entry into industrial occupations, and any important changes (other than transitory changes due to war conditions) which have taken place since the last census as regards their organisation, or the number, age or sex of those engaged in them. 4. A statement as to any important changes since the last census, or anticipated in the future, in the child population, and in the “ young person ” population in the area, indicating in each case the particular districts, if any, in which a rapid rise or decline in the population is expected. Statistical. 5. An estimate of— (a) the number of children between 5 (or 6) and 14 (or 15) resident in the area at the date of the submission of the scheme, giving the figures, if possible, at each year of age. (b) the number of such children who are attending school, distinguishing between the types of school they attend;* (c) the number of children between 5 (or 6) and 14 (or 15) resident outside the area who are attending Public Elementary Schools maintained by the Authority; ( d ) the number of boys and girls over 14 (or 15) and under (5 or 6) who are attending Public Elementary Schools maintained by the Authority. 6. An estimate, if possible, at each year of age, of—- (a) the number of young persons between 14 (or 15) and 18 years of age resident in the area; ( b) the number of young persons referred in (a) who are attending full-time instruction in a school recognised by the Board as efficient or are otherwise under suitable and efficient full-time instruction. • ey., Maintained Public Elementary Schools, Institution Schools conducted under Section 15. Education Act, 1902, Special Schools for blind, deaf, defective, or epileptic children, Poor Law Schools, Industrial Schools, Certified Efficient Schools, Private Elementary Schools, Preparatory Schools, Secondary Schools, Junior Technical Schools, &c. 18 Administrative Arrangements. 7. A general outline of the administrative system of the Authority. 8. Arrangements for controlling and testing the registration of attendances and the accuracy of returns made to the Authority or to the Board of Education. 9. Arrangements for the employment of organising teachers and for the inspection (if any) of schools. 10. Methods of stimulating the interest of parents and others in the work of the Schools of various types and of disseminating information as to the educational opportunities. 2— HEADS OF SCHEME. I.—Elementary Education. 1. Proposed Organisation of Elementary Education in the Area. (a) Provision of practical instruction suitable to the ages, abilities and require- ments of the children, to be made by means of central or other special classes or otherwise, with the basis, if airy, on which the amount of the provision is determined. ( b ) Provision of advanced instruction to be made for older or more intelligent children by means of— (i) central schools; (ii) other types of provision; and the basis, if any, on which the supply of such instruction is determined. (c) Arrangements for observing and dealing with dull or backward children. ( d) Policy as to the size of classes. (e) Principles, if any, for determining in the case of new or reconstructed schools for both boys and girls the choice between various methods of organisation into departments, e.g .— (i) infants’ departments, i.e., up to about 7 or 8 years of age, or junior departments, i.e., up to about 9 or 10 years of age; (ii) mixed, dual or separate departments for older children; and for determining the choice between men and women for Head Teacherships and Assistantships in departments of various types. 2. Proposals for establishing and maintaining a Teaching Service adequate in Number and suitable in Qualifications for carrying out the Authority’s Policy. (a) Proposed procedure for bringng into operation the Authority’s policy :— (i) as to the size of classes, so far as it affects the total number of teachers ultimately recpiired in the service; (ii) as to the standards of staffing ultimately to be established for various types of school in the area; (iii) as to the proportion in which the total staff ultimately contemplated is to consist of Certificated Teachers, Uncertifloated Teachers and teachers of other grades, distinguishing between men and women. (b) Provision for maintaining an adequate staff of Supply Teachers throughout the year. (c) Provision of teachers (i) for practical instruction and (ii) for advanced instruction. (d) Extent to which intending teachers are to be admitted as Student-Teachers or Pupil-Teachers. (e) Arrangements for encouraging teachers to extend their professional knowledge by granting time off for further study, by formation of teachers’ libraries, &c. (/) Proposals of the Authority as to the remuneration of teachers. 3. Proposals as to School Accommodation and Equipment with a View to CARRYING OUT THE AUTHORITY’S POLICY. (a) Proposals (including proposals of Managers of non-provided schools) for the better utilisation of existing school buildings, by means of the amalgamation of schools or redistribution of children, including redistribution in non-provided schools 19 of the same denominational character in the same locality (Section 31, Education Act, 1918). (b) Proposals (including proposals of Managers of non-pro vided schools) for dealing systematically with the provision of the school accommodation required for the carrying out of the Authority’s policy by means of a programme arranged in order of urgency for— (i) additional schools or departments; (ii) replacement of existing buildings; (iii) additions to existing buildings; (iv) re-modelling or improvement of existing buildings; (v) provision or extension of playgrounds; (vi) provision of special rooms or special centres for practical instruction; (vii) provision of school gardens; (viii) provision of school baths; (ix) provision of teachers’ houses or hostels. (c) Arrangements for reaching and maintaining a proper standard as regards sufficiency and suitability of school furniture, books, apparatus and materials. (cl) Arrangements for providing and maintaining school libraries or for utilising juvenile sections of public libraries. (e) Arrangements for the comfort and well-being of children coming daily from a distance. 4. School Attendance. Proposed arrangements for— (i) ascertaining the number and distribution of children of school age in the area; (ii) securing regular and punctual attendance and ascertaining the cause of absence. 5. Proposals as to Scholarships and Maintenance Allowances for Children in Public Elementary Schools over 12 Years of Age. (Section 11, Education (Administrative Provisions) Act, 1907, and Section 24, Education Act, 1918.) 6. Proposed Arrangements for dealing with Children in exceptional Circumstances. (Section 21, Education Act, 1918.) 7. Proposed Provision for administering the Law relating to the Employ¬ ment of School Children. (Sections 13 and 15, Education Act, 1918.) (a) Establishment and administration of byelaws. ( b ) Supervision of employed children. (c) Special arrangements for children employed in theatrical or other public performances. 8. Special Services. (a) School Medical Service. (i) Proposals as to constitution, organisation and development of the School Medical Service; (ii) Proposals for— (a) inspection of children ; ((3) following up; (y) treatment, e.g., eyes, teeth, tonsils and adenoids, and minor ailments; and remedial exercises; (8) medical observation and supervision of employed children (Sec¬ tion 15, Education Act, 1918); (e) dealing with uncleanliness; (£) dealing in consultation with the Sanitary Authority with infectious diseases and other matters of common interest; (rj) medical investigations as to dull or backward children; 20 (0) ascertaining what children (whether in attendance at school or not) are blind, deaf, physically defective or epileptic for the purpose of the Special Acts; (t) ascertaining what children are defective within the meaning of the Mental Deficiency Act, 1913, and notifying suitable cases to the Local Control Authority in accordance with the Mental Deficiency (Notification of Children) Regulations, 1914. (b) Special Schools. Proposals for enabling the following classes of children to obtain suitable education in certified schools :— (i) blind children, including partially blind; (ii) deaf children, including partially deaf; (iii) physically defective children, including delicate children for whom an open-air school is desirable; (iv) mentally defective children; (v) epileptic children. (c) Provision of Meals for Children attending Public Elementary Schools. Proposals for— (i) accommodation and equipment and the service of meals; (ii) making the provision available for children whose parents can defray the cost of meals; (iii) dealing with special needs as occasion arises, e.g., at times when there is exceptional unemployment; (iv) associating the School Medical Service with the work of feeding school children. ( d ) Organisation of social and physical training in connection with Public Elementary Schools. (i) Proposed provision for— (a) organising physical training, including swimming and children’s games; (ft) vacation schools and classes (Section 13, Education (Administrative Provisions) Act, 1907); (y) evening play centres (Section 13, Education (Administrative Provisions) Act, 1907); (8) holiday and school camps (Section 17, Education Act, 1918); (e) playing fields and school swimming baths (Section 17, Education Act, 1918); (£) other social and physical training (Section 17, Education Act, 1918). (ii) Proposed arrangements, if any, for utilising the assistance of Juvenile Welfare Organisations. (e) Nursery Schools (Section 19 (1), Education Act, 1918). Proposals for— (i) supplying or aiding the supply; (ii) attending to the health, nourishment and physical welfare of the children. II.—Co-ordination of Public Elementary Schools with Schools forming part of the System of Higher Education. Arrangements for co-ordinating the work of the Elementary Schools with that of— (i) Continuation Schools; (ii) Secondary Schools; (iii) Junior Technical Schools; (iv) Other full-time Schools; indicating in each of the cases (ii), (iii) and (iv) the normal age of transfer and the methods adopted for selecting the pupils. 21 III.—Secondary Schools. 1. Proposed Organisation of Secondary Education in the Area, including the Provision to be made in Schools not provided by the Authority. (a) Statistical estimate of the supply of Secondary School accommodation required for the area, regard being had to the needs of children previously educated :— (i) in Public Elementary Schools; (ii) otherwise. (b) Procedure for ascertaining local needs. (c) Arrangements, if any, for preparatory departments. ( d ) Types of Secondary Schools which will be included in the provision available for the area, and principles of differentiation in respect of aim, curriculum, length of course, provision for Advanced Courses or other advanced work. (e) Proposals for co-ordination of schools of different types and arrangements as to transfer of individual scholars. (/) Proposals for re-arrangement of supply by amalgamation of schools or otherwise. (g) Proposals for co-operation with other Authorities as to the provision or maintenance of schools or otherwise. ( h ) Proposals in order of urgency for additional provision of schools and hostels to be made by the Authority, or by other bodies, with a view to establishing an adequate, appropriate and accessible supply of Secondary Schools for the area. 2. Arrangements for administering the Schools. (a) Methods of regulating admission with a view to establishing a suitable entrance standard, facilitating classification, and securing an adequate duration of school life. (b) Arrangements as to Governing Bodies of provided schools and their relations with the Authority. (c) Arrangements for treating non-provided schools within or without the area as part of the local system, including the conditions and methods of aiding such schools. ( d) Scales of fees or other charges in respect of the pupils in the different types of school included in the local system. 3. Aid to Pupils. (See XI., page 26.) 4. Teachers. Proposals as to the remuneration of teachers. IV.—Continuation Schools. 1. Continuation Schools on the Basis of Voluntary Attendance. (a) Proposals for establishing Continuation Schools of the type contemplated by the Education Act, 1918, on the basis of voluntary attendance during the day¬ time (whether by arrangement with employers or otherwise), in anticipation of the appointed day for compulsory attendance. (b) Proposals for the continuance pending the appointed day of junior part- time courses in the evening, or in the day-time on lines different from those of the Continuation Schools contemplated by the Act. (c) Proposals for providing during the seven years following the appointed day, day or evening part-time courses of various types suitable for students of 16 to 18 years of age. (See also V. 1 (a) (iii), page 23.) 22 2. Proposed Organisation of the Statutory Continuation Schools System. (a) Approximate numbers of boys and girls to lie admitted annually. (b) Arrangements for formation of Advisory Committees containing employers and workpeople. (c) Types of courses to be provided for boys and girls respectively and their local distribution; arrangements for selecting the school and the course of instruc¬ tion to be attended by the pupils, and for giving effect to Section 10 (9) of the Education Act, 1918; methods of grading pupils in the courses of instruction taken by them. (d) Hours of attendance to be required in the year and their distribution. (e) Arrangements for physical training (Section 3 (1), Education Act, 1918). (/) Policy as to size of schools and of classes for different subjects. (y) Arrangements for co-operation between Authorities in respect of pupils resident in one area and employed in another. (h) Arrangements for the management of the schools. (i) Arrangements for securing the co-operation of Universities in the provision of lectures and classes for pupils for whom instruction by such means is suitable (Section 3 (2), Education Act, 1918). ( j ) Arrangements for encouraging voluntary evening attendance for further study, supervised homework, or recreative subjects, whether in the Continuation Schools or at institutions for Further Education. ( k ) Arrangements for social and physical training (Section 17, Education Act, 1918). (See also VI., page 24.) (l) Arrangements for securing regular attendance (Section 3 (2), Education Act, 1918), and for dealing with claims for exemption (Section 10 (2) and (3), Education Act, 1918). 3. Proposals as to Accommodation and Equipment. Proposals, including any proposals of bodies or persons other than the Authority, for— (i) the use or adaptation of existing buildings or the provision of new buildings; (ii) the provision of apparatus or equipment of a special character. 4. Teachers. (а) Proposed basis as to (i) hours of teaching per week, and (ii) number of weeks’ employment in the year, on which Continuation School staffing is to be determined. (б) Establishment of men and women teachers to be maintained (including organising teachers, if any) of various types and qualifications. (c) Proposals as to the remuneration of teachers. [N.B.—This Section should be thought of as covering the period between 14 and 18 years of age, though in the first instance it will be carried out only as regards the first half of that period.] V.—Further Education supplementary to that given in Elementary, Secondary and Continuation Schools. 1. Proposed System of Further Education for the Area. (a) Provision to be made, whether by the Authority alone or in conjunction with other Authorities having powers under the Education Acts or by other bodies with a view to the establishment of a system of Further Education available to students in the area by means of—- (i) Junior full-time courses of two or more years’ duration, planned to give children leaving Public Elementary Schools preparation for particular occupations (including artistic occupations); (ii) Senior full-time courses in preparation for particular occupations (in¬ cluding artistic occupations) for pupils leaving Secondary Schools after reaching the standard represented by the First School Examination; 23 (iii) Senior part-time courses planned for students who have left Secondary and Continuation Schools, or who are exempt from attendance at Continuation Schools, distinguishing between— (a) vocational courses; (/3) courses in liberal subjects, e.cj., literature, history, sociology, mathematics, pure science, music, art, &c. (y) courses in practical subjects, such as domestic subjects and handicrafts; (§) courses in physical training; (iv) Courses for adult students, e.g. :— (a) University Extension Lectures; (13) tutorial classes under the supervision of a University or University College; (y) other classes established by organisations interested in the promotion of liberal studies. ( b ) Policy with regard to institutions, &c., not provided by the Authority which supply Further Education for students in the area. (c) Arrangements for enabling qualified students to attend special or more advanced courses outside the area. (d) Arrangements for—- (i) securing and developing the educational uses of museums and libraries; (ii) developing the educational activities of local Literary, Historical, Archaeological, Scientific, Musical, Artistic and Dramatic Asso¬ ciations. (e) Arrangements for enlisting the co-operation and interest of employers and workpeople in connection with courses related to the needs of particular occupations. (/) Arrangements as to fees. 2. The Position of each of the Principal Institutions in the Local System of Further Education. (а) The scope of the work of each Local College or School of Art, indicating in outline which of the types of work mentioned in 1 (a) above are provided for. (б) The scope of the work of each Junior full-time school to be conducted outside the premises of Local Colleges or Schools of Art. 3. Provision of Accommodation and Equipment. Proposals in order of urgency for providing suitable accommodation and equipment for the purposes of the local scheme of Further Education (including proposals of bodies other than the Authority), distinguishing between proposals concerning the premises of— (i) Local Colleges; (ii) Schools of Art; (iii) Junior full-time schools; (iv) Other centres of instruction. 4. Proposals for Aid to Pupils and Students. (See XI., page 26.) 5. Teachers. Proposals as to the remuneration of teachers. 24 VI. Social and Physical Training of Pupils and Students attending Educational Institutions other than Elementary Schools (Section 17, Education Act, 1918). Arrangements for— (i) Holiday and school camps; (ii) the provision of physical training centres, playing fields, and swimming baths; (iii) developing corporate life by means of clubs, games, &c., and for enlisting the co-operation of Juvenile Welfare Organisations; (iv) other facilities for social and physical training in the day or evening. VII.—Proposed Arrangements for the Medical Inspection and Treatment (Section 18, Education Act, 1918) of Children and Young Persons attending— (a) Secondary Schools; ( b ) Continuation Schools; (c) Other educational institutions not being elementary schools. (Compare Elementary Education, Paragraph 8 (a).) VIII.—Proposed Arrangements under the Choice of Employment Act, 1910. IX.—Supply, Education and Training of Teachers. 1. Proposed Arrangements for the Recruitment and Preliminary Education and Training oe intending Teachers. (a) Proposed annual recruitment by the Authority of boys and girls intending to be teachers, indicating the attention which has been given to such local needs as— (i) the maintenance of the existing number of adult teachers in the elementary schools; (ii) the requirements as to increase in number and improvements in quality of elementary school staffs arising through—■ (a) changes in the extent of the obligation to attend school full time; (ft) proposals for the ultimate replacement of Supplementary or Uncertificated Teachers by teachers with higher qualifi¬ cations ; (y) the Authority’s policjr as to the size of classes; (iii) the requirements of schools other than elementary schools ; and to the possibility of using the local resources for— (iv) contributing to national as distinct from local requirements. (b) The number of the intending teachers referred to in (a) who will obtain their preliminary education by the normal method of attending full time at a Secondary School from the age of 12 or earlier (i) up to the. age of 17 at least; or (ii) up to the age of 16 at least, followed by pupil-teachership for two years. (c) The number of the intending teachers referred to in (a) who Mill obtain their preliminary education under arrangements supplementary to the normal method, distinguishing between those— (i) transferred under special conditions from elementary schools to Secondary Schools at or about the age of 14; (ii) instructed in independent Pupil - Teacher Centres or in classes preparatory to such Centres; (iii) instructed in Pupil-Teacher Centres attached to central or other elementary schools; 25 (d) Provision of Bursarships or other allowances in connection with the arrangements for preliminary ^ education. % (e) Arrangements for the preliminary practical training of intending teachers. (/) Methods of making known to parents and others the prospects of the teaching profession and the local opportunities for entering it. 2. Proposed Provision for Training of intending Teachers. {a) Arrangements for assisting persons intending to be teachers in Public Elementary Schools, Special Schools, or Secondary Schools to proceed to University Training Departments or to Training Colleges, distinguishing between— (i) Grants to students; (ii) Grants to institutions in consideration of reservation of places; (iii) Other methods of supplying or aiding the supply of facilities for training. ( b) Arrangements for providing or aiding the provision of training for intending teachers of— (i) Art; (ii) Domestic subjects; (iii) Handicraft; (iv) Physical exercises; or for aiding students to obtain such training. (c) Arrangements in contemplation as to the training of persons intending to teach in Continuation Schools— (i) Co-operation with Universities in respect of the training of graduates in full-time courses; (ii) Other provision for supplying or aiding the supply of training in full-time courses of at least one year’s duration; (iii) Provision of short full-time or part-time courses in Technical Schools or elsewhere for— (a) teachers in Secondaiy or Public Elementary Schools desirous of qualifying for work in Continuation Schools; (/3) teachers with Evening School experience; (y) persons without teaching experience, but with a knowledge of industries, commerce, music, art, domestic subjects, gardening, physical exercises, &c.; (iv) Arrangements for enabling persons whose previous experience has been in teaching to make themselves acquainted with industrial or commercial conditions; (v) Allowances to enable students to attend— (a) University Departments for the training of graduates; (/3) other full-time courses of at least one year’s duration; (y) short full-time courses; (8) part-time courses. (d) Arrangements in contemplation as to the training of persons intending to teach in Technical Schools. (e) Arrangements in contemplation as to the training of persons intending to teach in Nursery Schools. 3. Proposed Provision for Persons already engaged in Teaching. (a) Provision of short full-time or part-time courses specially planned for teachers. (b) Facilities offered for the attendance of teachers at— (i) full-time courses at University Training Departments, Training Colleges or other central institutions ; (ii) short full-time courses at home or abroad; (iii) local part-time courses. (c) Facilities for enabling teachers to visit schools for observation. [N."B.—-Courses or facilities intended for Uncertificated Teachers or Teachers of lower grades should be distinguished from those intended for teachers already possessing Degrees, Certificates or Diplomas.] 26 X.—University Education. * 1. Proposals for aiding the supply of University Education— (a) by grants for general maintenance; (b) by grants in respect of places reserved for students nominated by the Authority; (c) by grants for erection of premises or for equipment. 2. Aid to Students. (See XI.) XI.—Aid to Pupils and Students. Provision, in addition to that made by College, School and Scholarship Foundations, for securing that children and young persons shall not be debarred from receiving the benefits of any form of education by which they are capable of profiting through inability to pay fees (Section 4 (4), Education Act, 1918), and otherwise for aiding pupils and students. [N.B. — So far as possible the particulars given should distinguish awards carrying remission of fees only (whether described as free places, free studentships, scholarships or otherwise), and those carrying, in addition to remission of fees, aid towards maintenance, travelling, or boarding. Entrance, internal and leaving scholarships should also be distinguished. Information should be given as to the number, value, type of institution in which tenable and period of tenure; the methods of award should be indicated, with any limitations as to age, sex, area, or as to income of parents. Attention should be directed to any specific provision for aiding Secondary School pupils transferred or removing from school to school within the area, or from a school in the area to a school outside the area, or vice versa. Any provision for enabling pupils or students to obtain training of special types at non¬ local institutions ( e.g ., institutions for sea-training) should also be mentioned. Aid given in special connection with the Supply, Education and Training of teachers will be more conveniently dealt with under the appropriate heads of IX.] XII.—Aid for Research (Section 23, Education Act, 1918). Proposals for exercising the power of the Authority to aid teachers and students to carry out investigations for the advancement of learning or research, and to aid educational institutions with that object. 27 SCHEDULE C. DRAFT SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF A SCHEME TO BE SUBMITTED UNDER SECTION TWO OF THE EDUCATION ACT 1918 BY A LOCAL EDUCATION AUTHORITY FOR THE PURPOSES OF PART III. OF THE EDUCATION ACT, 1902. 1— INTRODUCTION TO THE SCHEME. General. [N.B.—The information under heads 1 to 3 may sometimes with advantage be illustrated by suitable maps.] 1. A survey of the educational needs of the area, indicating, amongst other matters, the extent to which educational provision and administration are affected by any special features in its geographical, social, economic and cultural conditions. 2. A summary of the existing educational provision, indicating, amongst other matters, the extent to which the various types of education are supplied or aided by means of endowments, together with an outline statement, not burdened with detail such as will be given in the scheme itself, of the additional provision considered necessary in order that the educational needs of the area can be adequately met. 3. A statement as to the principal occupations in the area, indicating for each, in what parts, if any, of the area it is concentrated, the practice as to apprentice¬ ship or other entry into industrial occupations, and any important changes (other than transitory changes due to war conditions), which have taken place since the last census as regards their organisation, or the number, age or sex of those engaged in them. 4. A statement as to any important changes since the last census or antici¬ pated in the future* in the child population in the area, indicating the particular districts, if any, in which a rapid rise or decline in the population is expected. Statistical. 5. An estimate of— (a) the number of children between 5 (or 6) and 14 (or 15) resident in the area at the date of the submission of the scheme, giving the figures, if possible, at each year of age; ( b) the number of such children who are attending school, distinguishing between the types of school they attend ;* (c) the number of children between 5 (or 6) and 14 (or 15) resident outside the area who are attending Public Elementary Schools maintained by the Authority; ( d) the number of boys and girls over 14 (or 15) and under 5 (or 6) who are attending Public Elementary Schools maintained by the Authority. Administrative Arrangements. 6. A general outline of the administrative system of the Authority. 7. Arrangements for controlling and testing the registration of attendances and the ‘accuracy of returns made to the Authority or to the Board of Education. * e.g., Maintained Public Elementary Schools, Institution Schools conducted under Section 15, Education Act, 1902, Special Schools for blind, deaf, defective, or epileptic children, Poor Law Schools, Industrial Schools, Certified Efficient Schools, Private Elementary Schools, Preparatory Schools, Secondary Schools, Junior Technical Schools, &c. I 28 8. Arrangements for the employment of organising teachers, and for the inspection (if any) of schools. 9. Methods of stimulating the interest of parents and others in the work of the schools of various types and of disseminating information as to the educational opportunities. 2.—HEADS OF SCHEME. 1. Proposed Organisation oe Elementary Education in the Area. (a) Provision of practical instruction suitable to the ages, abilities and require¬ ments of the children, to be made by means of central or other special classes or otherwise, with the basis, if any, on which the amount of the provision is determined. ( b ) Provision of advanced instruction to be made for older or more intelligent children by means of— (i) central schools; (ii) other types of provision ; and the basis, if any, on which the supply of such instruction is determined. (c) Arrangements for observing and dealing with dull or backward children. ( d ) Policy as to the size of classes. (e) Principles, if any, for determining in the case of new or reconstructed schools for both boys and girls the choice between various methods of organisation into departments, e.g .— (i) infants’ departments, i.e., up to about 7 or 8 years of age, or junior departments, i.e., up to about 9 or 10 years of age; (ii) mixed, dual or separate departments for older children; and for determining the choice between men and women for Head Teacherships and Assistantships in departments of various types. 2. Proposals for establishing and maintaining a Teaching Service adequate in Number and suitable in Qualifications for carrying out the Authority’s Policy. (a) Proposed procedure for bringing into operation the Authority’s policy :— (i) as to the size of classes, so far as it affects the total number of teachers ultimately required in the service ; (ii) as to the standards of staffing ultimately to be established for various types of school in the area; (iii) as to the proportion in which the total staff ultimately contemplated is to consist of Certificated Teachers, Uncertificated Teachers and teachers of other grades, distinguishing between men and women. ( b ) Provision for maintaining an adequate staff of Supply Teachers throughout ' the year. (c) Provision of teachers (i) for practical instruction and (ii) for advanced instruction. ( d ) Extent to which intending teachers are to be admitted as Student-Teachers or Pupil-Teachers. (e) Arrangements for encouraging teachers to extend their professional knowledge by granting time off for further study, by formation of teachers’ libraries, &c. (/) Proposals of the Authority as to the remuneration of teachers. 3. Proposals as to School Accommodation and Equipment with a View to CARRYING OUT THE AUTHORITY’S POLICY. (a) Proposals (including proposals of Managers of non-provided schools) for the better utilisation of existing school buildings, by means of the amalgamation of schools or redistribution of children, including redistribution - in non-pro Added schools of the same denominational character in the same locality (Section 31, Education Act, 1918).