City of Cincinnati, Ohio > n 1917 f I •' l if! \b CODE ■ v K\ JmTY OF CLnC tm NATI, OHJO-- OF THE B P 'i ; ' f I W„,]k- : 1 ! IIW ' A„ v T .. 10, 1909, and including all Amendments to January I, 1917 \ -lA i pi t* -*• , r rei OtJi o. 2585 III. \ 1917 Destroy all previous issues 70 Building Code 'VW& C 4 ^ lW u>^ SUB-TITLE I. CJ CQ r. — -rf* rr JL ■ M V J Ci ADMINISTRATIVE. Chapter 1.—Commissioner of Buildings. Section 332. Appointment and Salary of Commis¬ sioner. fThe head of the Sub-Department of Buildings shall be the Commissioner of Buildings, who shall be a resi¬ dent and elector of the city, with at least five (5) years’ experience as an architect, structural engineer, or -build¬ er. He shall receive an annual salary of five thousand ($5,000.00) dollars, payable semi-monthly out of the City Treasury, but no other compensation whatsoever. He shall devote his entire time solely to the duties of his office and shall not be interested in any branch of the building business, nor in any business or organiza¬ tion appertaining thereto, while holding office. He shall hold said office till the expiration of the term of office of the Mayor appointing him and until his successor is duly appointed and qualified, but he may be removed from office at any time by the Mayor or Council. Section 333. Assistants and Deputies, Salaries. The administration of the said Sub-Department shall rest in the said Commissioner and the following officers, clerks and employes: ^Section 333—1. Two Assistant Commissioners, one to be known as the Chief Inspector of Buildings, the, other to be known as the Chief Sanitary Inspector, each of whom shall be a resident and elector of the city, and shall receive a salary of three thousand ($3,000.00) dollars per annum for the Chief Inspector of Buildings, and sixteen hundred ($1,600.00) dollars for the Chief Sanitary Inspector, payable semi-monthly; the term of office of each shall expire with that of the Commissioner unless terminated by removal; and the Chief Inspector of Buildings shall have at least five (5) years’ experience as architect or builder, and the Chief Sanitary Inspector at least five (5) years’ prac¬ tical experience as a plumber. +As ordained by Ordinance No. 308-16, passed July 5, 1916. *As amended by Ordinance No. 57-12, passed January 23, 1912. 6 Building Code Section 333 —2. An engineer who shall be a resi¬ dent and elector of the city and shall receive a salary of twenty-four hundred ($ 2 , 400 . 00 ) dollars per an¬ num, payable semi-monthly, and his office shall expire with that of the commissioner unless terminated by removal, and he shall have had at least five (5) years’ experience as a structural engineer. Section 333—3. A Chief Clerk and Plan Examiner, who shall be a resident and elector of the city, and shall receive a salary of two thousand ($2,000.00) dollars per annum, payable semi-monthly. • » • * t ^Section 333—3c. One Assistant Plan Examiner who shall receive a salary of fourteen hundred ($1,- 400.00) dollars per annum, payable semi-monthly. tt ^Section 333—3e. One Stenographer and Record Clerk, who shall receive a salary of one thousand and eighty ($1,080.00) dollars per annum, payable semi¬ monthly. ^ % **Section 333 —4. A Permit Clerk, who shall be a resident and elector of the city, and shall receive a salary of eleven hundred ($1,100.00) dollars per annum, payable semi-monthly. ^Section 333—5. Three Stenographers, each to re¬ ceive a salary of seven hundred and eighty ($780.00) dollars per annum, payable semi-monthly. *Section 333—3a repealed by Ordinance No. 300—16, passed June 27, 1916. JAs ordained by Ordinance No. 410—14, passed July 15, 1914. fSection 333—3b repealed by Ordinance No. 410—14, passed July 15, 1914. tfSection 333—3d repealed by Ordinance No. 410—14, passed July 15, 1914. **Section 333— 4 as ordained by Ordinance No. 410— 14, passed July 15, 1914. flAs amended by Ordinance No. 410—14, passed July . 15, 1914. Building Code 7 **Section 333—5a. Four stenographers, each to re¬ ceive a salary of seven hundred and twenty ($720.00) dollars per annum, payable semi-monthly. Section 333—6. A Deputy Inspector, to' be known as Fire Escape and Exit Inspector, who shall be a resi¬ dent and elector of the city, with at least five (5) years’ experience in some branch of the building trade, and shall receive a salary of fifteen hundred ($1,500.00) dollars per annum, payable semi-monthly. Section 333—7. Five Deputy Inspectors, four ol whom shall be elevator inspectors and one the inspector of ropes and scaffolds, and each of whom shall be a resident and elector of the city, with at least five (5) years’ experience in some branch of the building and machinery trade, and shall each receive a salary of fourteen hundred ($1,400.00) dollars per annum, pay¬ able semi-monthly. §Section 333—8. Eight Deputy Inspectors of Build¬ ings, one of whom shall be an electrician, each of whom shall be a resident and elector of the city, with at least five (5) years’ experience in the building trade, and shall each receive a salary of fourteen ($1,400.00) dol¬ lars per annum, payable semi-monthly. fS ection 333—8a. Four Deputy Inspectors of Build¬ ings. Each of said Deputies shall be a resident and elector of the city with at least five (5) years’ exper¬ ience in the building trade, and also be qualified as a tenement house inspector and serve as such exclusively; and each shall receive a salary of fourteen hundred ($1,400.00) dollars per annum, payable semi-monthly. t Section 333—9. A Sewer and Drainage Inspector and six Plumbing Inspectors, each of whom shall be a resident and elector of the city, with at least five (5) years’ experience in some branch of the building and plumbing trade, and shall each receive a salary of four¬ teen hundred ($1,400.00) dollars per annum, payable semi-monthly. **As ordained by Ordinance No. 300—16, passed June 27, 1916. §As amended by Ordinance No. 86—13, passed Feb¬ ruary 11, 1913. fAs amended by Ordinance No. 300—16, passed June 27, 1916, 8 Building Code ***Section 333—10. A Chief Housing Inspector who shall be a resident and elector of the city, with at least live (5) years’ experience in the building trade, and also be qualified as a tenement house inspector, and shall receive a salary of sixteen hundred ($1,600.00) dollars per annum, payable semi-monthly. ISection 333—10a. A Clerk to be known as Chief Housing Clerk, who shall be a resident and elector of the city and shall receive a salary of eleven hundred and eighty ($1,180.00) dollars per annum, payable semi¬ monthly. Section 333—11. The organization of the office of the Commissioner of Buildings, which shall be known as the Sub-Department of Buildings, shall devolve up¬ on the Commissioner, and notwithstanding the desig¬ nation of assistants and deputies herein, each shall perform such duties as the Commissioner may' require, and each shall be under his direction, supervision and control. All the appointees herein provided for shall devote their entire time and attention to the duties of the office and shall not be engaged in any branch of the building business nor in any business or organ¬ ization appertaining thereto while holding office; and each shall serve during the incumbency of the Com¬ missioner of Buildings, but may be removed at any time by the Mayor or Council. * Section 334. Bond of Commissioner, Chief In¬ spectors, Engineer and Deputies. Before entering upon his office the Commissioner of Buildings shall take an oath to faithfully and impar¬ tially perform the duties of his office, and shall execute a bond to the City of Cincinnati in the sum of twenty- five hundred ($2,500.00) dollars, with two or more sureties, to be approved by the Mayor, conditioned for the faithful performance of his duties. Each of the Chief Inspectors and the Chief Engineer shall also take an oath to faithfully and impartially perform the duties of his office. *As amended by Ordinance No. 172—13, passed March 25, 1913. ***Section 333—10 as ordained by Ordinance No. 410—14, passed July 15, 1914. tAs ordained by Ordinance No. 300—16 passed Tune 27, 1916. Building Code 9 Section 335. Duty of Commissioner, Engineer, Chief Inspectors and Deputies. It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Build¬ ings, Engineer and the Chief Inspectors and Deputies appointed under this code to enforce the terms and pro¬ visions of this code and all other ordinances of the city and laws of the State of Ohio relating to the same subject matter; and to that end they shall inspect from time to time any building, fence, billboard, sign or struc¬ ture within the limits of the city, and elevators, stair¬ ways and fire escapes in and upon buildings, and any work that is being done, and that is subject to regulation in any manner under the terms of this code or any other ordinance of the city, or law of' the State relating to this subject matter. It shall also be the duty of the Commissioner of Buildings, the Engineer, the Chief In¬ spectors and Deputies to inspect any building, fence, billboard, sign or other structure, reported or believed to be in an unsafe or unsanitary condition, and if so found, to require the same to be put in a safe and sani¬ tary condition without delay, as herein provided; and they shall have such power and 'authority in respect thereto as is hereinafter provided. Section 336. Badges. The Commissioner of Buildings, the Chief Inspectors and Deputies shall be provided by the city with badges, and when performing their respective duties shall wear the same in a conspicuous place. Section 337. Right to Enter Premises. The Commissioner of Buildings, Chief Inspectors and Deputies shall have the right, and they are hereby au¬ thorized to enter into any building or inclosure, or upon any property within the limits of the city, for the pur¬ pose of inspecting the same, and for enforcing the pro¬ visions of this code and all other laws and ordinances in force in this city; and it shall be unlawful for any, one to hinder and prevent them, or any of them, or to attempt to hinder and prevent them, or any of them, from so doing. And whenever necessary, they shall have the right to take with them such assistance as may be necessary in making the inspection. t r Section 338. Decisions of Commissioner and Board of Appeals. The Commissioner of Buildings shall pass on all ques-' tions arising under this code and the laws and ordi- 10 Building Code nances in force in the city relating to the same subject matter. In case of'dissatisfaction with his decisions (ex¬ cept in respect to insecure and unsafe buildings and property requiring immediate action), the question in dispute may be referred to a Board of Appeal and a decision of a majority of the board shall determine the issue. For that purpose there shall be a board to be known as the Board of Appeal of the Department of Buildings to consist of three members, one an architect, one a structural engineer, and one a builder, each to be appointed by the Mayor with the approval of the Coun¬ cil. The members thereof are to be subject to removal 1)5* the Ma>*or at any time, and, unless removed, shall serve during the term of the Ma\ r or appointing them and until their successors are appointed and qualified. The part}* taking the appeal shall have the right to chal¬ lenge for sufficient cause any r member of the board, and if the Mayor shall so determine, he may appoint any other architect, structural engineer or builder to replace the one so challenged for sufficient cause for the case in question only. Each member shall take an oath to faithfully perform his duties. The board shall have such use of the office of the Commissioner and service of his clerk, stenographer, engineer, chief inspectors and depu¬ ties as may be required. Each member of the board shall serve without stated compensation, but shall be paid such fees as may be allowed by* the Mayor and all neces¬ sary expenses, all said amounts to be paid by the party appealing a question to them ; provided, said question be decided against the party taking the appeal, but if said question be decided in favor of the party taking the appeal, all said amounts shall be paid by the city. And any party so appealing to the said board shall at the time deposit with the city a sufficient sum to cover all such allowances and expenses, said sum to be re¬ funded if said questions be decided in favor of the party taking the appeal. Section 339. Reports. The Commissioner of Buildings shall file a monthly report under oath with the Mayor on or before the tenth day of each month for the calendar month pre¬ ceding, showing the number of permits issued and moneys received. He shall also report annually on the first day of May to the County Auditor every new build¬ ing erected, with a pertinent description thereof, the name and number of the street where located, and all Building Code 11 improvements made upon old buildings in the city. He shall also keep a record of the number, description, class, size and cost of every building or structure erected in the city during his term of office for which permits were issued, and shall report the same to the Council annually. Chapter 2.—Permits and Fees. ^Section 340. When any person or persons, firm or corporation shall be desirous of erecting, repairing, changing or altering any building or structure, applica¬ tion shall be made at the office of the Commissioner of Buildings for a permit to do so, and the Commissioner shall be furnished with a written statement on blanks for that purpose of the location, intended use and ap¬ proximate cost of the proposed building or structure, together with the plans and specifications of the same in duplicate, to be in ink or to be blue prints thereof, and delivered to the Commissioner and left in his cus¬ tody for a sufficient length of time to allow the neces¬ sary examination to be made; and the Commissioner shall also thereafter have access to the drawings, plans and specifications whenever demanded by him; pro¬ vided, that in case of all alterations in buildings or other structures, and the erection and construction of new buildings and other structures of whatever value, one set of plans and specifications delivered to the Com¬ missioner shall be returned with the permit and the other set left in his custody, and be permanently filed and indexed for future reference. Blank forms for the detailed statement as herein required shall be provided at the office of the Commissioner, which the applicant for a permit shall fill out, and the owner or his agent * shall sign an agreement contained in said statement to the effect that he will construct the proposed building or structure, or make the proposed repair, change or alteration in accordance with the plans and specifica¬ tions submitted therewith. And the Commissioner of Buildings shall, if requested, furnish preliminary infor¬ mation relative to the application or interpretation of any of the provisions of this code when the same is needed in the preparation of plans and specifications. *As amended by Ordinance No. 297-16, passed June 27, 1916. 12 Building Code Section 341. Building Permits. It shall be unlawful to proceed with the construction, repair, alteration or addition to any building or struc¬ ture within the provisions of this code without a permit in accordance herewith. If it shall appear to the Com¬ missioner that the laws and ordinances in force have been complied with, and that the plans and specifications submitted are in accordance therewith; he shall give the permit asked for upon the payment of the fees herein¬ after prescribed, and shall then stamp the plans and specifications, stating that they have been duly examined and approved. After having been thus stamped, the plans and specifications shall not be altered in any re¬ spect covered by this code, during the progress of the work for which they are intended, without the approval of the Commissioner. If any alterations in or additions to the plans become necessary,- and such alterations or additions are affected by this code, then application shall again be made to the Commissioner and a permit se¬ cured covering the alteration or addition in the same manner and subject to the same limitations as the orig¬ inal permit, except that there shall be no additional cost for the permit if the cubic contents of the proposed improvement have not been increased or the cost of any alterations increased; but, if increased, there shall be a charge for the same as herein provided. If it should appear to the Commissioner that the laws and ordi¬ nances of the city have not been complied with, he shall refuse to grant a permit till such changes have been made as to comply with said laws and ordinances. Sepa¬ rate application shall be filed and a permit obtained for the erection or alteration of each individual building. *Section 341-a. In all cases in which the construction, repair, alteration or addition to any building or struc¬ ture will involve an excavation within three feet of the curb line of any. street or avenue, or alley, then no such building, repair, alteration or addition permit shall be given by the Commissioner until and unless the applicant for the permit shall have first obtained from the Direct¬ or of Public Service a permit, similar to the permits required by ordinance for openings of streets, which latter permit shall be issued to such applicant upon his signing an agreement to immediately deposit with the *As amended by Ordinance No. 293-14, passed June 9, 1914. Building Code 13 City Treasurer upon notice from the Director of Public Service, the estimated cost of repairing and restoring the street or alley in the event that damage he done to the street or alley, by reason of such excavation, re¬ quiring any repair or restoration. At any time after the completion of the restoration of the pavement damaged by reason of said excavation, the party who made the deposit will be entitled to a refund of the balance on hand after deducting from the deposit the cost of the restoration as determined by the rules of the Director of Public Service, and the provisions of Ordinance No. 248 of 1914. The City Solicitor of the city shall collect such payment in case of the failure of the applicant to make same. The cost of such repair or restoration shall be ascertained and calculated in the manner provided by Ordinance No. 248 of 1914, of the city of Cincinnati for cost of restoration of street openings, provided that in all cases a charge of fifty (50) cents, to cover cost of inspection, shall be made for said permit from the Director of Public Service. All funds collected by the Cit5' Treasurer under the terms of this section shall be placed in the Street Restoration Fund of the city. Section 342. Permit for Buildings Containing Power Boilers. All computations and data used in designing stacks for smoke or ventilating purposes shall be submitted to the Commissioner as part of the plans and specifica¬ tions, and must be approved by him and also by the Smoke Inspector before a permit is granted. Section 343. Plumbing Permits. It shall be unlawful to proceed with the construction, repair, alteration or addition to the plumbing and drain¬ age in any building or structure within the provisions of this code without a plumbing permit in accordance herewith. In order to obtain the same the master plumber must be registered in the office of the Commissioner of Buildings, after showing to the satisfaction of the Com¬ missioner that he has been duly examined by the Board of Examiners of Plumbing as to his qualifications to do plumbing. It shall be the duty of the plumber under¬ taking said work to make application for such permit in the office of the Commissioner upon blanks to be pre¬ pared for that purpose, filing therewith drawings and descriptions for all the plumbing and drainage, and con- 14 Building Code sisting of such floor plans and sections as may be neces¬ sary to show clearly all the work to be done; and no work shall be commenced or proceeded with until such drawings and descriptions shall have been filed and approved by the Commissioner. Xo modifications of the approved drawings and descriptions will be permitted unless either amended drawings or descriptions, or an amendment to the original drawings and descriptions, covering the proposed change or changes, are so filed and approved by the Commissioner. Repairs or altera¬ tions that do not provide for additional fixtures or changes in vertical or horizontal soil, waste, vent or leader pipe, may be made without a permit. In filing drawings and descriptions one (1) set will be received for not more than five (5) houses, and then only when on adjoining lots and houses are exactly alike. If it shall appear to the Commissioner that the said laws and ordinances have been complied with, and that the. entire system of such plumbing will be in accordance with the provisions of this title, he shall issue the permit asked for and approve the drawings and descriptions. When¬ ever work is ready for inspection notice must be given to the Commissioner, who shall cause an inspection to be made within twenty-four (24) hours from the re¬ ceipt of such notice, and he shall then issue a certificate to the owner or contractor doing the work, stating that the work has been duly inspected and approved. ^Section 344. Wrecking, Shoring, Raising and Moving Permits. Any person, firm or corporation desirous of wreck¬ ing, demolishing, tearing down, shoring up, raising or moving any building, billboard, projecting sign or sign¬ board, or other structure or part thereof, shall, before proceeding therewith, apply to the Commissioner of Buildings for a permit to do so, upon blanks to be fur¬ nished for that purpose, which shall contain an agree¬ ment to the effect that the work to be thus done and the manner of proceeding therewith shall he in con¬ formity with this code, and any other laws and ordi¬ nances'in force in the city, applicable to the subject. The application shall give the location and description of the building or structure, the name or names of the owners, with the address thereof, and the name and *As amended by Ordinance Xo. 335-13, passed June 10, 1013. Building Code 15 address of the person doing the work. And the Com¬ missioner shall issue a permit therefor, upon the pay¬ ment of the fee hereinafter provided, and said permit shall include the wrecking, shoring, raising or moving of all buildings or structures that may be required by any one contemplated improvement. The person making application for a shoring permit shall file with the same a plan Dr specification of the proposed shoring or both if required by the Commissioner, who sha.ll not issue the permit until said plan or specification meets with his approval; and no such shoring shall be removed without the written consent of the Commissioner. Section 345. Bill and Signboard Permits. No person or persons, firm, corporation or associa¬ tion shall erect or cause to permit to be erected any fence, signboard, billboard or other structure to be used for advertising purposes without first obtaining a per¬ mit therefor from the Commissioner. Applications for such permits shall be made upon such blanks as may be provided by the Commissioner, giving such information as he shall require, but sufficient to show a compliance with the terms and provisions of this code, and all other laws and ordinances relating to the same subject in force in the city. If it shall appear to the Commissioner that the laws and ordinances in force have been complied with, he shall give the permit asked for upon the pay¬ ment of the fee hereinafter prescribed. Each such permit shall state the length of the billboard, name of street and number of the premises upon which same is to be erected, the owner thereof and the distance from the line of the street. This section shall also apply to the projection of signs or advertisements into streets. ^Section 345a. No billboard, signboard or other struc¬ ture shall be placed or erected in front of or across any window, door, exit or entrance of, to or from any build¬ ing, whether occupied or not. No billboard, signboard or other structure, whether constructed of wood or any other material, which extends for any distance, how¬ ever small, over the street or sidewalk, shall be placed or erected, attached to or on any building, unless the lowest part thereof shall he at least twelve (J2) feet above the surface of the street or sidewalk; and any *As ordained by Ordinance No. 119-16, passed March 14, 1916. 16 Building Code such billboard, signboard or other structure, used or to be used for advertising purposes, to be erected above said twelve (12) feet, shall be considered a billboard, etc., for which a permit must be obtained, as provided in Section 345, of the Code of Ordinances, and subject to all applicable provisions of said code relating to bill¬ boards, signboards or other structures. The term “ad¬ vertising purposes” shall not be deemed to include the designation of the proprietorship and character of busi¬ ness or other pursuit conducted within such building. ^Section 345b. The Commissioner of Buildings shall inspect annually each signboard, billboard or other struc¬ ture with an area exceeding sixteen (16) square feet for the purpose of ascertaining whether same be secure or insecure, and is in need of removal or repair; and to meet the expense of such inspection, every. person, firm, corporation or association owning, maintaining or in charge of any such signboard, billboard or other structure shall on the first day of March of each and every year pay to the Treasurer of the city an inspec¬ tion fee for each signboard, billboard or other struc¬ ture within the city on each such first day of March. Said fee shall in each case be equal to the sum of five (5) cents multiplied by the number of square feet of area of such signboard, billboard or other structure, but in no event shall be less, than $1.C0. Such fees shall be credited to the appropriate fund or fund's of the Department of Buildings and used for the purposes of the said inspection. * Section 345c. To enable the Commissioner of Build¬ ings to know the location of and the name of owner or person maintaining any signboard, billboard or. other structure, everv person, firm or corporation owning, in charge of, or maintaining any such signboard, billboard or other structure now in existence shall, on or before the first day of February, inform the said. Commis¬ sioner, in writing of the location (including street number) and size and date of erection of every such signboard, billboard or other structui e, and the name and address of the person, firm or corpoiatio.n owning, in charge of or maintaining the same; and, in case of such signboards, billboards or other structures to be erected, the same information shall be included in the *As ordained by Ordinance No. 585-12, passed No¬ vember 12, 1912. Building Code 17 application foi a pci nut. All changes in the ownership or management shall be immediately reported to said Commissioner. The said Commissioner shall keep a 1 egistry, based on said mfoimation, of the location size, date of erection, and the name and address of the owner or person, etc., in charge of, or maintaining all the said billboards, signboards or other structures, in the City of Cincinnati. Notices by the said Commis¬ sioner regarding removal, repair, payment of fees or other matter shall be deemed as properly and sufficiently served and sent when mailed in accordance with the name and addiess on said registry. The Commissioner shall give an official registry number to each such structure. * Section 345d. A receipt for the payment of such inspection fee shall be issued by said Commissioner in the shape of a metal tag, capable of being nailed or attached to. such signboard, etc., which tag shall con¬ tain the registry number and the number of the year, as, foi instance, 1913, 1914, etc., when the fee was paid and said tag issued, and one such tag shall be issued on re¬ ceipt of the proper amount of fee, for each five hun¬ dred (500) square feet of area of such billboard, sign¬ board or other structure. **Section 345e. Any billboard, signboard or other structure oi any substantial part thereof now existin 0- and which for any reason or purpose is blown down! destroyed, taken down or removed, shall not be re¬ erected, reconstructed, rebuilt or relocated unless as regards size, location, and all other regulations of this building Code, and all the provisions of this Building Code are complied with. In case of accidental destruc¬ tion a new permit shall be granted without cost if one permit has already been paid for the original work. '' Section 345 f. The penalties provided by and the provisions of Section 576 and 577 of the Code of Or¬ dinances shall apply to any violation or violations of the provisions of Section 345a to 345e, inclusive. *As ordained by Ordinance No. 585^12, passed No¬ vember 12, 1912. **As amended by Ordinance No. 336-13, passed Tune 10, 1913. 18 Building Code Section 346. Permits for the Installation of Ele¬ vators. An>' person or persons, firm or corporation desirous of placing new elevators in existing buildings, or re¬ placing old elevators, shall obtain a permit therefor from the Commissioner. In order to obtain such per¬ mit, application therefor shall be made upon blanks pre¬ pared for that purpose, which shall contain an agree¬ ment to the effect that the work to be thus done and the manner of proceeding therewith shall be in con¬ formity with this code, and any other laws and ordi¬ nances in force in the city, applicable to the subject. They shall also file with the Commissioner plans show¬ ing the construction of such elevator and such other detail information concerning the construction, erect¬ ing and equipment of said installation that may be re¬ quired by the Commissioner. The application shall give the location and description of the building or struc¬ ture, the name or names of the owners with the address thereof, and the name and address of the person doing the work; and if it shall appear to the Commissioner that the work to be thus done will be in conformity with this code and with all other laws and ordinances in force in the city, applicable, to the subject, he shall issue a permit therefor upon the payment of the fee hereinafter provided. * Section 347. Revocation of Permits. Each and every permit issued by the Commissioner of Buildings shall be subject to revocation by him whenever it appears that the building or structure pro¬ vided for therein, in the case of building permits, is be¬ ing constructed so that the same or any part thereof encroaches upon any street, alley or other public place contrary to the provisions of the laws and ordinances in force, or is being so constructed as to violate any of the terms and conditions of this code, or any ordinances of the city or any statute of the state relating to the same subject matter. And plumbing permits, shoring permits, wrecking permits, raising permits, moving per¬ mits, bill and signboard permits and elevator permits may be revoked by him whenever it appears that, not¬ withstanding the issuance of said permits, any of the *As amended by Ordinance No. 299-16, passed June 27, 1916. Building Code 19 provisions of this code or of any of the laws or ordi¬ nances in force in the city have been or are being vio¬ lated. The revocation of the permit in every instance shall be in writing and shall be served upon the owner or his agent or contractor in charge of the work, and posted upon the building or structure for which the said permit was granted, or in which the work is being done: and from and after such revocation of said per¬ mit and the posting of said notice all work of every kind and character on such building or structure shall be discontinued. And no person shall continue the con¬ struction on any building or structure or do any work under any permit so revoked, or use any building ma¬ terial or machinery in or about the premises after the Commissioner of Buildings or his regular authorized chief inspectors or deputies have directed in writing the suspension of the work. If it shall appear to the Com¬ missioner that the owner or contractor to whom the original permit was granted intends to make such changes in the building or structure that will make same conform to the provisions of the laws and ordi¬ nances in force, he shall rescind revocation of permit in writing upon payment of fee as fixed by ordinance. Section 348. Time Limits of Permits. Any permit under which no work is commenced with¬ in six (6) months from the time of issuance, shall ex¬ pire by limitation, and the city shall not be required to refund any fees paid therefor. * Section 349. Cost of Permits. The fees for building permits shall be as follows : The sum of one ($1.00) dollar shall be paid for the permit, and an additional sum of one (l) cent for each and every hundred cubic feet of the contents of the building or structure or for any addition thereto. For alterations on old buildings or structures, the cost of which is one thousand ($1,000.00) dollars or over, the sum of two ($2.00) dollars per one thousand ($1,000.CO) dollars or fractional part thereof to be charged in ad¬ dition to the sum of one dollar ($1.00) for the permit. For alterations to old buildings or structures, the cost of which is less than one thousand ($1,000.00) dollars, *As amended bv Ordinance No.‘ 297-16. passed Tune 27, 1916. 20 Building Code the sum of two ($2.00) dollars for the permit only will he charged. For all buildings in the nature of sheds, one ($1.00) dollar shall be charged for the permit, and an additional sum of one-half ( l / 2 ) cent for each and even' hundred cubic feet of contents in said shed. ^Section 349—1. The fees for plumbing permits when fixtures are to be installed, shall be as follows: Two ($2.00) dollars for first fixture, augmented by fifty (50c) cents for each additional fixture up to fifty fixtures. For each fixture to be installed above fifty fixtures, the sum of twenty-five (25c) cents shall be added. The fee for plumbing permit, where no fixtures are to be installed, shall be two ($2.00) dollars. Above fees include the fees of the first and final in¬ spections only. Where additional inspections are made necessary by incomplete or faulty work, the fee shall be one ($1.00) dollar additional for each such inspec¬ tion. ^Section 349-2. The fee for the issuance of a cer¬ tificate for the inspection of plumbing shall be one ($1.00) dollar. In large buildings requiring more than one inspection on account of large quantity of work, a fee of one ($1.00) dollar shall be charged for each inspection. The fee for any re-inspection for plumbing made necessary by faulty work, shall be one ($1.00) dollar. ■^Section 349-3. The fees for wrecking permits for buildings shall be two ($2.00) for each permit. Section 349-4. The fees for shoring, raising or mov¬ ing permits shall be five ($5.00) dollars for each permit. tSection 349-5. The fees for permits for the installa¬ tion of elevators which do not extend above the first story shall be two ($2.00) dollars for each elevator. For all elevators extending above the first story the fees for permits for installation sh^ll be five ($5.00) dollars, augmented by fifty (50c) cents for each addi¬ tional story above the first which the elevator extends *As amended by Ordinance Xo. 39-13, passed Janu¬ ary 21, 1913. fAs amended by Ordinance Xo. 297-16, passed June 27, 1916. . iAs amended by Ordinance Xo. 297-16, passed June 27, 1916. I Building Code 21 for each elevator. The above fees shall include the fee for the initial inspection. ’The lowest story shall be considered to be the first story and fees shall be computed upon that basis. *|*Section 349-6. The fee for each inspection of ele¬ vators, except for the initial inspection, shall be as fol¬ lows for each elevator: For elevators not extending above the first story, two ($2.00) dollars. For elevators extending above the first story and not above the fourth story, three ($3.00) dollars. For elevators extending above the fourth story four ($4.00) dollars. Section 349-7. The fees for advertising fences, bill and signboard permits, shall be the sum of ten ($10.00) dollars for a board containing seventy (70) square feet or less, and five ($5.00) dollars for every additional seventy (70) square feet or fraction thereof. Section 349-8. The fees for permits for projecting signs and advertisements shall be as follows: For signs containing less than twenty (20) square feet one ($1.00) dollar; for signs containing from twenty (20) to forty (40) square feet, two ($2.00) dol¬ lars ; for signs • containing forty (40) to seventy (70) square feet, five ($5.00) dollars; for each additional square foot above seventy (70) square feet, twenty- five (25c) cents per square foot. ^Section 349-9. The fee for rescinding revocations of a permit shall be five ($5.00) dollars in each case. ^Section 349-10. The fee for repair permits shall be one ($1.00) dollar for each permit. ^Section 349-11. The fee for permit for permanently suspended awnings or canopies shall be ten ($10.00) dollars. Section 350. Payment of Fees. The payment of all fees herein provided shall be made to the City Treasurer direct from certificates from the Commissioner of Buildings or the Clerk of fAs amended by Ordinance No. 297-3 6, passed June 27, 1916. *As ordained by Ordinance No. 297-16, passed June 27, 1916. 99 #V#V Building Code his department. The certificates shall state the name of the person in whose favor the permit is to be issued, and the exact amount in dollars and cents to be paid therefor. The City Treasurer shall receive the amount specified and receipt therefor to the applicant, who in turn shall present such receipt to the Commissioner of Buildings or the clerk of the department, and upon such presentation, a permit shall be issued. And a proper account of the receipts thus presented shall be kept in the office of the Commissioner of Buildings and presented in his annual report. Section 351. Verification of Cost, etc. The Commissioner shall have the right to verify and correct the approximate cost of any proposed improve¬ ment and any other information required to be given him, as provided for in this code; but before taking any final action in respect thereto, he shall serve a writ¬ ten notice on the person or persons, firm or corpora¬ tion filing the same, and give an opportunity for a hear¬ ing thereon in order to show the accuracy of the in¬ formation as filed. SUB-TITLE II. EXPLANATORY PROVISIONS. Chapter 1.—^Definitions. Section 352. Alley and Street. Any public thoroughfare less than thirty (30) feet wide and not less than ten (10) feet wide, shall be deemed an alley. When thirty (30) feet wide or over it shall be considered a street. Section 352—1. Alteration. Any change, addition or modification in construction or character or grade of occupancy. Section 352—2. Areas. Open sub-surfaces adjacent to a building or lot line. Section 352—3. Attic. ^ A story situated wholly or partly in the roof and at some point lower than (8) feet in height. Building Code 23 Section 352—4. Appendages. Dormer windows, cornices, moldings, bays, oriel win¬ dows, balconies, cupolas, domes, towers, spires, ventila¬ tors, or any other accessory projecting from a building. Section 352—5. Basement. A basement is a story partly under ground, but the floor of which is not more than three (3) feet and six (6) inches below the ground level at the exterior walls of the house, such ground level to be at the top of the areas. Section 352—6. Bay Window. A rectangular, curved or polygonal window, which projects from the balance of the enclosing wall. Section 352—7. Building Line. A line formed by the intersection of the outer face of the enclosing walls of a building and the surface of the ground. Section 352—8. Base of Wall. The base of a wall means the course immediately above the face of the foundation wall. Section 352—9. Cellar. A cellar is a story more than one-half (y 2 ) its height below the ground level. A cellar is not included in designating the height or number of stories of any building referred to in this title. Section 352—10. Cement. X i (a) Natural cement is a product of calcination of natural rock. Slag Portlands will be classed as a na¬ tural cement. (b) Portland cement is a product of calcination of composed materials and finely ground, and as to strength must meet the recpiirements hereinafter given. Section 352—11. Code. Code as .used herein, towit: in Sections Nos. 332 to 577, both inclusive, means what is known as the “Build¬ ing Code” and included herein in said Sections Nos. 332 to 577, both inclusive. Section 352—12. Concrete. Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand and aggregates. 24 Building Code Section 352—13. Courts. A court is an unoccupied space on the same lot with any building other than a yard and open to the sky, and which does not abut on a street or alley. Courts shall be deemed divided into four (4) classes, namely: (a) Center Courts, being courts that extend the full width of the lot, between any two buildings or wings- of the same building on the same lot. (b) Side courts, being courts that abut on one lot line and do not extend the full width of the lot. (c) Inclosed courts, being courts that are inclosed on all sides. (d) End courts, being courts on the outer front or rear ends of the building and open on the ends. When abutting on the lot line and are not side courts, they shall be classed as inclosed courts. Section 352—14. Drain. The term “house drain” is applied to that part of the main horizontal drain and its branches inside of the walls of the building and 'extending to and connecting with the house sewer. Section 352—15. Dry Cleaning-Business. Dry cleaning business is the business of cleaning cloth, clothing, feathers, or any sort of fabrics by the use of gasoline, naphtha, benzine, benzole or similar petroleum or coal tar products, or cleaning by a process known as dry cleaning. Section 352—16. Dumb Waiter. A dumb waiter is a special form of elevator whose dimensions do not exceed three (3) feet square and four (4) feet high, designed to carry light articles, provided with one or more shelves. Section 352—17. Factor of Safety. The quotient obtained by dividing the breaking load or ultimate strength by the safe load. Section 352—18. Fireproofing Material. Fireproofing materials are such incombustible mate¬ rials that will withstand the action of conflagration with¬ out deformation. Section 352—19. Fireproof Building. A fireproof building is one in which the structural parts are constructed of hard incombustible material, such as stone, brick, iron, steel, terra-cotta or con- Building Code 25 crete. Buildings constructed of reinforced concrete construction shall be deemed to be fireproof buildings, if constructed in accordance with the requirements of this code, and the steel in the girders is covered one and one-half (1J4) inches and in columns two (2) inches. Skeleton steel constructed buildings must have all columns, girders, floors and all structural portions of the building encased in concrete, hollow-tile or brick, and must have all floors between such beams constructed of fireproof material, and in all cases the steel must be covered with such fireproofing materials at least two (2) inches in thickness. All partitions in such build¬ ings subdividing the halls and suites and all partitions, of a permanent character must be fireproof partitions, built directly on the floor construction and in no case on the wood floors. Floors in any other portion of the building not in the public halls and toilets may be of wood nailed to the sleepers, bedded in concrete, for the purpose of securing the flooring. In such buildings window frames and sash and the door and window trims and other similar finish, unless otherwise provided for in this title, may be of wood, also the top hand-rail of the stairs, if made of hard wood. Section 352—20. Fireproof Doors and Shutters. Fireproof doors and shutters are doors and shutters constructed of such material and in such a manner that they will withstand the action of fire, and are to be constructed either of at least two (2) thicknesses of pine, cypress or other soft wood of matched boards, clinch-nailed at right angles, and placed diagonally with each other and securely covered with tin on both sides and edges with folded lap joints, the nails for fastening the same to be driven inside the lap, or are to be made of steel with a solid core, and either made with solid panels or glazed with fireproof glass let into the frame at least three-ciuarters (V \) of an inch. All hinges, bolts and latches on fireproof doors or shut¬ ters shall be secured or fastened to the fireproof doors or shutters by wrought iron bolts passing through the door or shutter and secured by nuts or washers on the opposite side, after the same have been covered with tin, and all such doors and shutters shall be hung independent of the woodwork of the window or door. Rolling metal shutters and doors shall be considered fireproof, also other forms or fireproof doors and shut¬ ters equally as effective and approved by the Commis¬ sioner. 26 Building Code Section 352—21. Fireproof Windows. Fireproof windows or fireproof sash are windows or sash constructed entirely of metal and glazed with wire glass one-quarter (%) of an inch in thickness and let into the rabbets not less than three-quarters (Fi) of an inch. No glass in such window shall be more than seven hundred and twenty (720) square inches, and not more than forty-eight (48) inches in any dimension. Other forms of fireproof windows equally as effective and approved by the Commissioner shall be considered fireproof. Section 352—22. Fire Limits. The fire limits shall be all that portion of the city within the following lines l Beginning at Maryland avenue and Ohio River, thence along Maryland avenue to Elberon avenue, thence along Elberon avenue to Warsaw avenue, thence along Warsaw avenue to Wilder avenue, thence along Wilder avenue to Neff avenue, thertce along Neff avenue to Lehman road, thence along Lehman road to State ave¬ nue, thence along State avenue to Harrison avenue, thence along Harrison avenue to Queen City avenue, thence along Queen City avenue to the B. & O. Rail¬ way tracks, thence along the railroad tracks to Hopple street, thence eastwardly along Hopple street to Miami Canal, thence following the canal to Mohawk street, thence along Mohawk street to McMicken avenue, thence along McMicken avenue to Vine street, thence along Vine street to East Clifton avenue, thence along East Clifton avenue to Main street, thence along M^iin street to Schiller street, thence eastwardly on Schiller street to Sycamore street, thence south along Sycamore street to Liberty street, thence eastwardly along Liberty street to Section Line, thence north along Section Line to Dorchester street, thence eastwardly along Dorchester street to Florence avenue and Park entrance, thence along Park entrance to Gilbert avenue, thence along Gilbert avenue to Sixth street, thence along Sixth street to Lock street, thence along Lock street to Third street, thence along Third street to Eastern avenue, thence south from Eastern avenue to Ohio River, thence alorfg Ohio River to the place of beginning. Also all blocks outside these limits that are now or may, from time to time, be established by the proper authorities as “blocked squares.” Building Code 27 Section 352—23. Footings. Tlie projecting course or courses at the bottom of a foundation wall or pier. Section 352—24. Foundation. (a) All that portion of a building or structure be¬ low the top of the footings of basement or cellar floor. (b) The earth upon which the structure rests. Section 352—25. Hall. (a) Public Hall—A public hall is a hall, corridor or passageway used in common by occupants within a building. (b) Stair Hall—A stair hall includes the stairs, stair landings and other portion of the public halls through which it is necessary to pass in going between the en¬ trance floor and the roof. Section 352—26. Height of a Building. i The height of a building is measured on the center line of. its principal front, from the established or natural grade at the building line to the highest point in the coping of flat roofs, or to the deck line of a mansard roof or to the center height of the highest gable in a pitched roof or to half the height of a hipped roof. If the grade of the lot or adjoining street in the rear or along the side of the building falls below the grade of the front, the height shall be taken in the cen¬ ter of the side showing the greatest fall. Section 352—27. Height of Walls. The height of every external, party and division bearing wall shall be measured from the base of the wall to the level of the top of the topmost story, but in no case higher than the actual top of the wall. Section 352—28. Height of Stories. Idle height of the topmost story shall be measured from the level of its floor to the underside of the ceil¬ ing joists or collar beams forming a tie to the roof, or up to the vertical height of the rafters when the roof has no such tie, and the height of any other story shall lie clear height of such story. Section 352—29. Incombustible Roof. An' incombustible roof is one covered with not less than three (3) thicknesses of roofing felt, each weigh- 28 Building Code ing fourteen (14) pounds to the square, all cemented together and covered with a good coat of pitch, soHdly mopped and finished with a gravel top, or with tin, corrugated iron, slate, tile, cement, asbestos shingles or other fire resisting material, properly applied. Section 352—30. Incombustible Stud Partition. An incombustible stud partition is one plastered on both sides upon metal or wire cloth for the full height, and fire stopped between the studs with incombustible material eight (8) inches high from the floor and at the ceiling. Section 352—31. Incombustible Material. When referred to as a structural material, means brick, stone, slate, terra-cotta, concrete, wire glass one-quarter (Y\) inch thick, iron, steel or sheet metal and heavy asbestos and mineral wool, when used alone or in combination with one another. Section 352—32. Length of a Building. The length of a building is_its greatest lineal dimen¬ sion, usually measured in the direction of the bearing walls or girders. Section 352—33. Loads on Buildings. (a) Dead loads shall consist of the actual weight of walls, floors, roofs, partitions and all permanent construction. (b) Live loads shall consist of all imposed, fixed or transient loads, other than dead, due to the occu¬ pancy of the building and its exposure to wind pressure. (c) Where the word load is used in this code, it shall mean to include both dead and live loads. Section 352—34. Lot Line. The line of demarcation between either public or private properties ; a party line is the lot line between adjoining properties. When such lot line abuts on a street or alley, park or other public property, it shall be known as a street line. Section 352—35. Mill Constructed Buildings. Mill constructed buildings are buildings wherein the post timbers are not less than 10x10 inches, except those supporting the roof, which may be 8x8 inches, the main floor girders being not less than 10 inches Building Code 29 in width and the girders next to the wall, and floor beams not less than 6 inches in width, roof girders not less than 8 inches in width, and all beams and girders not less than 10 inches in depth, and where the floors are double and - the under flooring is not less than two and one-quarter ( 2 %) of an inch thick and the top flooring not less than seven-eighths (J^) of an inch thick, with the under flooring tongued and grooved, splined or laid on edge with broken joints and thoroughly spiked together, and the upper floor- ihg tongued and grooved and well nailed, and between which floors are laid at least two (2) thicknesses of water-proofed fabric. The dimensions herein given are for timbers before being dressed. Section 352—36. Mortar. % Mortar is a mixture of sand and lime, or of sand and cement, or of sand, lime and cement and clean water. Section 352—37. Opening’. » Any door, window or skylight that may be opened mechanically or by fire. Section 352—38. Owner. Any person or persons, company or corporation owning the building, or the property under considera¬ tion or being built upon. For the purposes of this <;ode, guardians or trustees will be regarded as the owner. Section 352—39. Partition. A partition is an interior subdividing wall constructed of other material than masonry. The name or class of the structural material is usually prefixed. Section 352—40. Pipe. (a) The term “soil pipe” is applied to any vertical line of pipe extending through the roof, receiving the discharge of one or more water closets, with or with¬ out any other fixture. (b) The term “waste pipe” is applied to any pipe extending through the roof or not, receiving the dis¬ charge from any fixtures except water closets. (c) The term “vent pipe” is applied to any special pipe provided to ventilate the system of piping, and to prevent trap syphonage and back pressure. 30 Building Code Section 352—41. Post., A term which when used in this code means a wooden support or column. Section 352—42. Repairs. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building for the purpose of its maintenance in its present class of construction and grade of occu¬ pancy. Section 352—43. Semi-Fireproof Buildings. Semi-fireproof buildings are buildings that have all portions of the structural iron or steel covered as re¬ quired for fireproof buildings, and are constructed either of mill construction or slow-burning construc¬ tion, and all appendages are of fireproof material. Section 352—44. Sewer. (a) The term “private sewer” is applied to main sewers that are not constructed by ,and under the supervision of the Chief Engineer of the Department of PiTblic Service. (b) The term “house sewer” is applied to that part of the main drain or sewer extending from a point five (5) feet outside of the outer wall of the building, vault or area, to its connection with the public sewer, private sewer or cesspool. Section 352—45. Shaft. A shaft is a vertical enclosed space that is *open from the bottom unobstructed to the top, and used exclusively for ventilation, dumb waiter, elevator, wir¬ ing or piping purposes. Section 352—46. Slow-burning Constructed Build¬ ings. Slow-burning constructed buildings are buildings in which mill construction- is used and in which the structural members are entirely enveloped in incom¬ bustible material, and where the under side of all floors is protected against fire in the same manner as the wooden structural members. Protection of wooden members may consist of a single thickness of • any standard patent plaster applied on metallic or wire lath, such metallic lath and plaster to follow the contour of the girders, beams and joists, and shall be applied directly to the ceiling without furring, so that there will Building Code 31 be no air spaces between any wood-work and the plas¬ tering. All partitions in such buildings may be incom¬ bustible stud partitions. Buildings constructed in the ordinary manner and all parts of the ceilings and par¬ titions entirely covered with metal lath and plaster shall be considered as slow-burning construction. Section 352—47. Ton. Whenever used in this title,*a ton is two thousand (2,0'00) pounds. Section 352—48. Veneer. Veneer is the outer facing used for the protection of the backing, but not counted as adding anything to its strength. Section 352-—49. Volatile Inflammable Liquid. By the term “volatile inflammable liquid’’ is meant any liquid that will emit an inflammable vapor at a temperature below one hundred (100) degrees Fahren¬ heit when tested in the open air. Section 352—50. Walls. (a) “External wall” means every outer wall or ver¬ tical enclosure of any buildings not being a party wall. (b) “Party wall” means a wall that separates two buildings or more buildings, and is used or is to be used jointly by said separate buildings. (c) “Division wall” means a wall that separates one part of any building from another part of the same * building, and when referred to in this code means a non-bearing wall. (d) “Division bearing wall” means a division wall that carries or sustains the weight of floor or roof. (e) “Curtain wall” means the enclosing wall of an iron or steel or reinforced concrete skeleton frame or the non-bearing portion of an inclosing wall between the piers. (f) “Apron wall” means a wall at the different floor levels between the piers and between the head and siii of windows. (g) “Foundation wall” means that portion of an in¬ closing wall below the first tier of floor joists or beams nearest and above the grade line, and that portion of any interior wall or pier below the basement or cellar floor. 32 Building Code I (h) “Fire wall” means the coping or parapet walls above the roof, also any division or partition wall dividing spaces into limited areas for protection pur¬ poses. (i) “Retaining wall” means a wall built to resist the lateral pressure of the adjoining earth and to prevent its caving in. Also, an inclosing .wall built to resist the lateral pressure of internal loads. -Section 352—51. Wells. Wells are open spaces in floors for other purposes than for stairs or shafts. Section 352—52. Width of a Building. The width of a building is its shortest lineal dimen¬ sion, usually measured in the direction of the floor beams or joists. Section 352—53. Wire Glass. Wire glass is a wire-woven glass not less than one- quarter (Y\) of an inch thick. It is also termed “fire¬ proof glass.” Section 352—54. Yard. A yard is an open space on the same lot with the house between the rear line of the house and the rear line of the lot or at the side of the house and which has at least one side or end abutting on a street or alley. Section 353. General Terms. Whenever the word Code, Ordinance, Regulations, Commissioner of Buddings, Department of Health, Waterworks Department, Fire Department, Depart¬ ment charged with the enforcement of this code, Mayor, Council, City Solicitor, City Tre^fsurer, or Fire Limits, occur in this code, the same shall be construed as if followed by the words “of the City of Cincinnati.” .Wherever the words “is occupied” are used in this code applying to any building, such words shall be con¬ strued as if followed by the words “or is intended, arranged or designed to be occupied.” Chapter 2.—Classification of Buildings. Section 354. Public Buildings. All buildings devoted in whole or in part to the use of the general public, either for the purpose of state or places of assemblage, are public buildings. This Building Code 33 term shall include buildings designed to be occupied by state, county or city administration or judicial of¬ fices, libraries, museums, art galleries or council chambers. Section 354— 1 . “Detention buildings” are such as private hospitals, reformatories, prisons and police stations. Section 354—2. “School buildings”” include ad schools, college or other buildings containing class, drawing, lecture rooms or rooms for the purpose of education or instruction. If any such building has an assembly room of greater seating capacity than the seating capacity of four (4) of the class-rooms therein, such assembly rooms will be deemed an assembly hall. Section 354—3. “Assembly halls” include all churches, convention halls, railroad depots, or that part of any building containing an assembly room for the concourse of more than two hundred (2001 people. Section 354—4. “Theatres” include all theatres, opera houses, playhouses, pavilions, or any assembly hall de¬ signed or used for the entertainment of spectators, having a permanent stage twenty (20) feet or more in depth, from the curtain line to the rear wall, upon which stage scenery and theatrical apparatus are em¬ ployed, and having fly galleries and rigging lofts. Section 354—5. “Picture machine theaters” are assembly halls on the level with the street, having no stage and with a maximum seating capacity of three hundred (300), and in which motion pictures are dis¬ played upon screens. When such theaters exceed a seating capacity of three hundred (300) they shall be classed as theaters. Section 355. Semi-Public Buildings. All buildings used for public shelter, either for the purpose of business, manufacture, storage or for tem¬ porary abode or habitation, are termed “semi-public buildings.” Section 355 — 1 . “Hotels” include all hotels, public inns, or any building or part thereof designed to be used for supplying food or shelter to residents or guests and having a public dining room, cafe or office, or either. A public lodging house or a building used for the shelter of residents or guests will be classified as a hotel. Building Code 34 Q Section 355—-2. “Office buildings" include any build¬ ing designed or used for office purposes in the conduct of general business, but may have a store or salesroom on the ground floor, no part of which building shall be used for living purposes excepting only for the janitor and his family. Section 355—3. “Store buildings" include any build¬ ing designed or used for the sale of merchandise or object of utility, or general supplies. Section 355—4. “Warehouse" includes any building designed or used for the storage of merchandise in gen¬ eral or food supplies. Section 355—5. “Factory building" includes any building designed or used for the manufacture of mer¬ chandise by machinery. Section 355—6. “Work shop" includes any building designed or used for the manufacture of merchandise by hand. Section 356. Club House. A club house is a building used or intended for use by an organization or society for mutual entertainment or recreation. When such buildings contain fifteen (15) or more rooms for sleeping purposes, they shall be classed as hotels, and when such buildings contain assembly halls, seating two hundred (200) or more they shall be classed as assembly halls. When the seat¬ ing capacity in such auditorium exceeds five hundred (500), and has a permanent stage in excess of twenty (20) feet in depth, and having fly galleries and rigging lofts, such portion of the building containing the as¬ sembly hall shall meet the requirements for theaters. Section 357. Tenement House. A tenement house is a house or building or portion thereof which is rented, leased, let or hired out to be occupied, or is occupied as the home or residence of three or more families living independently of each other and doing their cooking upon the premises, but having a common right in the halls, stairways, yards, water-closets or privies or some of them. Section 358. Dwellings. A dwelling shall be taken to mean and include every building which shall be intended or designed for, or used as the house or residence of not more than two 1 Building Code 35 (2) separate and distinct families, and in which not more than fifteen (15) rooms shall be used for the ac¬ commodation of boarders, and no part of which struc¬ ture is used as a store or for any business purposes. Two (2) or more such dwellings may be connected on each story when used for boarding purposes, provided the halls and stairs of each house shall remain. Section 359. Stables. Include all buildings designed or used for public liv¬ ery, boarding or transfer stables, all private barns, car¬ riage houses, sheds, pens, coops, stock yards and slaugh¬ ter houses, or any building for the feeding or shelter¬ ing of animals or fowls. Section 360. Garages. By the term “garages” is meant a building or that portion of a building, wherein are kept one (1) or more vehicles charged with, or containing a volatile inflammable liquid for fuel or power. Where any portion of a building is used for a garage the garage shall be deemed to embrace all of the building not separated from the garage proper by fire walls. All openings in such walls shall be protected on both sides by fireproof doors, constantly closed, except when necessarily opened for passage. “Public” garages are garages that are let or hired for storage or repair of such vehicles. “Private” garages are garages used by individual owners of such vehicles only. Section 361. Shed. A shed is a covered structure with one or more of its sides uninclosed. Section 362. Buildings Used for the Purposes of More Than One Class. Where any building is used for the purpose of two or more classes as herein specified and defined, such portion of any such building as is devoted to the uses and purposes of any particular class, shall be con¬ structed, operated and maintained in accordance with the requirements of this code relating to such class, unless such construction shall prove impracticable, or unless there would be conflict between the provisions relating to the construction of buildings; in either of which cases the provisions relating to and govern- 36 Building Code ing the construction of buildings of the class requir¬ ing the best and safest form of construction shall govern. Section 363. Conflict Between Special and General Provisions. Whenever any provision or requirement herein re¬ lating specifically to the construction, equipment, maintenance or operation of any building or part of a building, used for the purpose of any specified class, shall conflict with the general provisions herein relating to the construction, equipment, maintenance or operation of buildings generally, the specific pro¬ visions shall govern in each case. SUB-TITLE III. PROPERTY RIGHTS. Chapter 1.—Private.' Section 364. Depth of Excavations. The owner or possessor of any lot or land may dig or cause to be dug any cellar, pit, vault or excavation to the full depth of any foundation wall of any build¬ ing upon the adjoining lot or lots, or to the full depth of nine (9) feet below the established grade of the street whereon such lot abuts without reference to the depth of adjoining foundation walls, without in¬ curring any liability; if such owner or possessor digs or causes to be dug any cellar, pit, vault or excavation to a greater depth than nine (9) feet below the curb of the street on which the lot or land abuts, or if there be no curb below the established grade of the street or streets on which such lot or land abuts, or, if there be no curb or established grade below the surface of the adjoining lots, such owner or possessor shall pro¬ tect from damage any wall, house or other building upon the adjoining lot or lots. Section 365. Grading Lots. The owner or possessor of any lot or land may on thirty (30) days’ notice to the adjoining owner grade and improve the surface of any lot to correspond with the established grade of the street or alley upon which it abuts without incurring any liability to the adjoining owners. Building Code 37 Section 366. Notice to Adjoining* Owner. When the owner or possessor of any lot or land is about to dig or cause to be dug any cellar, pit, vault or excavation, affecting in any way any wall, house or other building upon the adjoining lots, 10 days’ notice thereof shall be given to the adjoining owners in writing, containing a statement of the extent and character of the excavation so to be made, and an opportunity given to said adjoining owners to comply with the terms of this code and all other laws and ordinances in force in the city relating to the same subject matter. Section 367. Responsibility of Adjoining Owners. If the owner or possessor of any lot or land who is about to dig or cause to be dug any cellar, pit, vault or excavation as herein provided, does not intend to carry the same to the depth of any foundation wall of any building upon an adjoining lot, or to the full depth of nine (9) feet below the curb or established grade of the street whereon such lot abuts, without reference to the depth of adjoining foundation walls, the owner or owners of such adjoining lot, and any wall, house or building thereon, shall preserve the same from injury and so support the same by proper foundations that it shall be and remain as safe as before such excavation was commenced. If such owner £>r possessor is about to dig or cause to be dug any cellar, pit, vault or excavation to a greater depth than nine (9) feet below the curb or established grade of the street on which the lot or land abuts, or if there be no curb or established grade below the surface of the adjoining lots, he shall protect from damage any wall, house or building on the adjoining lots and shall preserve the same from injury, and so support the same by proper foundations that it shall be and re¬ main as safe as before such excavation was commenced. Section 368. Access by Adjoining Owners. The owners of adjoining lots or lands shall afford access to each other respectively on their property for the purpose of conforming to the obligations imposed by this code in the protection from damage of any wall, house or other building upon the adjoining lots, but the owner so entering upon adjoining property shall protect the same from any loss or damage; if any adjoining owner upon whose property it is necessary 38 Building Code to enter for the protection of any wall, house or other building, shall refuse permission for that purpose, then the owner so refusing to grant permission shall be re¬ quired to assume the burden of protecting said wall, house or other building. Section 369. Protection of Adjoining Skylights and Roofs. If the walls of any building are carried up one (1) story or more above the roofs of the adjoining build¬ ings, proper means shall be provided and used for the temporary protection of skylights and roofs of such adjoining buildings, the same to-be subject to the inspection and approval of the Commissioner of Build¬ ings. Should any adjoining owner, tenant or lessee refuse to grant permission to have said roofs and sky¬ lights so protected, such owner, tenant or lessee shall be required to protect said skylight and roof. Chapter 2.—Public. Section 370. Temporary Use of Sidewalks. Whenever any person or persons, firm or corporation shall be about to erect, change, alter or repair any building, or the external walls of any building within five (5) feet of the line of a traveled street, said per¬ son or persons, firm or corporation shall cause the por¬ tion of said site of said building bordering on said street to be inclosed by a suitable fence located at least seven (7) feet from the line of such building, and, if such fence shall prevent passage on the sidewalk, shall lay and maintain a suitable sidewalk around the same, and whenever deemed proper by the Commissioner, the said fence and walk shall be removed, and the person or persons, firm or corporation shall build and maintain a temporary sidewalk (or bridge if there is an area under the permanent sidewalk), not less than four (4) feet wide, and within the limits of the width of the sidewalk; and the sidewalk space shall be temporarily roofed over and the temporary walk provided with railings so as to completely protect the public, and such other precautions shall be taken for the protection of the public from injury in the use of the sidewalk as the Commissioner may direct. / Building Code 39 Section 371. Temporary Use of Roadway. The use of any part of the roadway of a street for the storage of building material or apparatus of any kind used in construction shall not be permitted after the external walls have reached the fourth story; prior to such time the Commissioner shall have the power-to permit a temporary use of the roadway, but the same shall not interfere with the use of said street and roadway by the general public. In no case shall material be deposited nearer the street car tracks than four (4) feet and the outside line of material so de¬ posited shall not extend into the street more than one third (1-3) of the width thereof. The gutters shall at all times be kept clean and free of all obstructions. Section 372. Application for Use of Sidewalk, Streets and Other Spaces. All applications for the temporary use of the side¬ walk space, the street or roadway, - or other spaces belonging to the city, shall be made to the Director of Public Service, and permits shall be issued by him, subject to the approval, however, of the Commissioner of Buildings; and such application shall describe the ground, the use to be made of the same and the length of time of such intended occupation. Permits for the use of such places shall not be granted.for a longer time than four (4) months, but may be renewed from time to time at the discretion of the Director of Public Service, subject to the approval of the Commissioner of Buildings, such renewal not being for more than four (4) months at any one time. And any permit issued under the provisions hereof may be revoked by the Director of Public Service, whenever the person or persons, firm or corporation securing the same, or the contractor or other person engaged in the use of the sidewalk, street 'or public space, have or are vio¬ lating any of the provisions of this code or any of the laws or ordinances in force in the city,, and the Com¬ missioner may recommend such revocation for the same reasons. Section 373. Use of Guide Ropes for Derricks. Guide ropes for derricks and hoists shall not be stretched across a street or public square unless under the direction of the Commissioner of Buildings, by special permit of the Director of Public Service. 40 Building Code '"Section 374. Restoration of the Street and Side¬ walk. Whenever any street, alley or sidewalk of the street is damaged by the erection or alteration of any build¬ ing abutting thereon by reason of the construction of said building, the same shall be restored by the owner to the same condition it was in prior to the beginning of the work. This does not include the sewe-r, gas, water or electric light trenches. Section 375. Permanent Use of Sidewalk Space. Any person desiring to utilize the space under the sidewalk abutting his property, shall, during the ex¬ cavation thereof, protect the adjacent streets and alleys, and also the adjoining property and any sewers, gas pipes, conduits, telegraph, telephone, electric light and trolley poles and any other utility laid in or placed upon any street or alley by authority of the city; and shall also construct efficient retaining walls to support the roadway and sidewalk and cover such space with a strong and suitable sidewalk in accordance with the laws and ordinances of the city. No plain surface of glass or iron greater than two and three-quarters (2$4) inches in width or diameter shall be placed in any side¬ walk. Section 376. Permanent Use of Roadway. There shall be no permanent use permitted of the space under the traveled roadway of a street between the curb lines. Section 377. Cellar Doors and Coal Chutes. Doors in sidewalks shall close down flush with the same and shall not extend beyond the property line more than-four (4) fee£ and six (6) inches. Coal chutes and doors for receiving merchandise may be constructed not more than one-third (1-3) the width of the sidewalk from the curb line, and shall close down flush with the sidewalk. And whenever the doors or coverings of any of said openings in the sidewalks are open, it shall be the duty of the person or persons, firm or corporation, for whose use the same have been opened, -to protect the public and pedestrians by guards or barricades so as to prevent any accident or *As amended by Ordinance No. 293-14, passed June 9, 1914. Building Code 41 injury. Such doors shall be used for delivery and re¬ ceiving of goods only, and at all other times shall be kept closed so as to not obstruct the sidewalk. Section 378. Prohibited Projections. No open areas, railings, steps, show window, or any portion of a building or structure, except- portions mentioned under Section 379 herein, shall project over a-street or alley under twelve (12) feet above the level of the curb opposite the center of such projection. • Section 379. Projections of Bases, Columns, etc. Bases, columns, pilasters, capitals, corbels, mold¬ ings, sculpture, and other decorative features which are part of the construction, may project eight (8) inches beyond the building line below the said twelve (12) feet, hereinbefore referred to. Section 380. Projection of Oriels, Balconies, Bays, etc. Above twelve (12) feet, oriels, balconies, turrets, towers or other projections of a building or structure other than pilasters, cornices and moldings, shall not project beyond lines drawn from the intersection of the party lines and building line at an angle of twenty- two and one half (22^4) degrees with the latter, and shall not begin less than three (3) feet from a party line, and in no case shall project a distance greater than one-fourth (%) the width of the sidewalk; and, except in case of balconies, shall not exceed twenty (20) feet in width. Where there are-two (2) or more such projections, an intermediate space of not less than five feet shall be left. Section 381. Projection of Signs. No person, firm or corporation shall erect or main¬ tain any sign, board or device in the nature of an advertisement which shall extend into the line of arty street, thoroughfare, alley or public place, within the height of twelve (12) feet above the sidewalk, except that display cases may extend,not more than eighteen (18) inches into such line, and all such signs, boards, display cases or advertising devices now in existence shall be set back to such lines. Above the height of twelve (12) feet above the sidewalk, such signs shall not project more than the width of the sidewalk, pro- 42 Building Code vided that nothing herein shall prevent the temporary suspending of signs across the street when the same are made of light fabric and approved by the Commissioner of Buildings and a permit obtained from the Director of Public Service. * Section 382. Awnings or Canopies Extending Across Sidewalk. Temporary suspended awnings for summer use not more than two-thirds (2-3) the width of the sidewalk, and temporary pipe standard awnings for summer use only in front of fireproof office buildings equipped with standpipes may be erected under the direction of the Commissioner of Buildings by special permit from the Director of Public Service. All awnings of any kind must have a clearance from the sidewalk of eight (8) feet in height at all points. Section 2. That Section 382 of the Code of Ordi¬ nances of the City of Cincinnati be supplemented by ordaining Section 382-1, which supplementary section is hereby, ordained and given code number to read as follows : Section 382-1. Permanently suspended awnings or canopies extending across the sidewalk may be erected under the following conditions, viz.: First—Location must be approved by the Director of Public Service. Second—They must be constructed entirely of metal and glazed with wire glass. Third—All permanent awnings of any kind, must have a clearance from the sidewalk of twelve (12) feet in height at all points. Fourth—Plan showing construction must be filed with the Commissioner of Buildings. Upon approval of these plans by the Commissioner of Buildings and payment of fee, as fixed by ordinance, he .shall issue permit therefor. Section 383. Limitation of Rights. No right to occupy any part of any streets, alleys or public places of the city as provided for in this chap¬ ter, shall become permanent, but all such rights may be withdrawn at any time when all such projections shall be,,removed by the property owners. *As amended bv Ordinance No. 298-16. Passed June 27, 1916. Building Code 43 SUB-TITLE IV. STRUCTURAL PROVISIONS. Chapter 1.—Quality of Materials. Section 384. Stone. Stone for foundation walls for rubble masonry shall be of good size, free from clay and loose formation, and where used for footing courses shall be not less than six (6) inches thick. Stone for bearing blocks and plinths under posts and columns and under girder v bearings shall be well seasoned, hard stone, of a size proportionate for the superimposed load. Section 385. Brick. Brick shall be good, sound and well burnt, solid or hollow. Old brick shall be thoroughly cleaned and contain not more than five (5) per cent bats. Section 386. Hollow Building Blocks. (a) Hollow Tile—Hollow tile for fireproof purposes shall be well made of burnt clay or Portland cement and shall be straight and sound. (b) Vitrified Burnt Clay Building Blocks—Vitrified burnt clay building blocks shall be sound and well made and shall contain upright webs not less than six¬ teen (16) inches on centers and a thickness of not less than one (1) inch. (c) Concrete Blocks—Concrete blocks made of Port¬ land cement and sand or Portland concrete shall have the name, initials or trademark of the maker cast in each block. The hollow spaces or recesses in the block shall not exceed one-half (y 2 ) its area and the height shall not exceed four and one-half (4^4) times the thickness of the web. Section 387. Sand. Sand used for mortar or concrete shall be clean, sharp sand, free from organic matter and shall contain not more than ten (10) per cent by volume of clay or loam for masonry mortar, and not more than three (3) per cent by volume of clay or loam when used for concrete. 44 Building Code Section 388. Lime. For mortar for rubble stone work, fresh thoroughly burnt black lime may be used. For all other masonry mortar it shall be white lime thoroughly burnt and of good quality. All lime shall be thoroughly slacked by water in a slacking box before it is mixed with the sand. Section 389. Cement. All cement, Portland or natural, shall meet the stand¬ ard requirements established by r the American Society of Testing Materials for such cement. Section 390. Mortar. (1 ) Lime Mortar—Lime mortar shall be made of one (1) part slacked lime to not more than two and one- half (2 1 / 2 ) parts sand. (2) Cement Mortar—Cement mortar shall be made of one (1) part natural cement to not more than three (3) parts sand, or it shall be of equal proportions of lime paste *and Portland cement to three (3) parts sand. (3) Portland Mortar—Portland mortar shall be made of one (1) part Portland cement to not more than five (5) parts of sand. All mortar shall be used before initial set occurs. Section 391. Concrete. The aggregate for concrete shall be as follows : For reinforced concrete, stone or washed gravel only. For fireproofing and short span arches, stone, furnace clinkers, slag or hard burnt broken bricks. For founda¬ tion walls, stone or gravel. Aggregates must be sound, clean and free from all foreign matter, clay, loam or combustible material. Proportions are to be one (l) part of Portland cement to not more than two and one-half (2 l /?) parts of sand to not more than five (5) parts aggregates. Pro¬ portions are to be by volume loose measure, ninety-ftve (95) pounds of cement to be considered as one (1) cubic foot. All concrete must be thoroughly mixed either by hand or machine so that all the aggregates are thoroughly coated with cement. Concrete shall not be retempered. Concrete shall be thoroughly mixed and have suffi¬ cient water to produce a plastic, but not a fluid mix. Only batch-mixing machines will be allowed. Concrete that has started to set or that has been out of the ' Building Code 45 mixer 'over thirty (30) minutes must not be used. Frosted material must in no case be used, but must be heated to expel the frost. Section 392. Timbers. All timbers and wood beams used in any buildings shall be good, sound material free from rot, large or loose knots, shakes or imperfections, whereby' the strength may be impaired and of such size and dimen¬ sions as the purpose for which the building is intended requires. Section 393. Wrought or Cast Iron and Steel. All structural, wrought or cast iron, or steel, in quality requirements of tests, workmanship and in as¬ semblage and interconnections of shapes shall be in accordance with the standard specifications of the Association of American Steel Manufacturers, as given in the hand books of the respective standard manu¬ facturers. • Chapter 2.—Calculation of Stresses. Section 394. Calculation of Construction. % All stresses used in building construction shall be calculated stresses due to the total dead loads and the applied live loads. All computations made in design¬ ing the structural parts of a building shall be sub¬ mitted to the Commissioner if required by him; but strain diagrams shall be submitted for all trusses ; such computations and diagrams to be in duplicate and to be considered as supplementing the drawings and specifi¬ cations required by this code. Section 395. Wind Loads. All structures exposed to wind shall be designed to resist a horizontal wind pressure of twenty (20) pounds for every square foot of surface thus exposed above surrounding buildings. In no case shall the overturn¬ ing moment due to wind pressure exceed seventy-five (75) per cent of the moment of stability of the struc¬ ture. In all structures exposed to wind, if the resisting moments of the ordinary materials of construction, such as masonry partitions, floors and connections, are not 46 Building Code sufficient to resist the moment of distortion, due to wind pressure taken in any direction or any part of the structure, additional bracing shall be introduced suffi¬ cient to make up the difference in the moments. In calculation for wind bracing, the working stresses may be increased by twenty-five (25) per cent. In building masonry structures under one hundred (100) hundred feet in height, provided the height does not exceed three (3) times the average width of base, the wind pressure may be disregarded. Section 396. Dead Loads. • The dead loads in all buildings shall consist of the actual weight of walls, floors, roofs, partitions and all permanent construction. Section 397. Live Loads. 1 he live or variable loads sliall consist of all loads other than dead loads. i he minimurp live, loads'uni¬ formly distributed in pounds per square foot to be allowed on floors in buildings are as follows : Public buildings proper, one hundred (100) pounds; detention buildings and school buildings, sixty (60) pounds; as¬ sembly halls and theatres, one hundred (100) pounds; and when used for dancing, one hundred and fifty (150) pounds; hotels, lodging houses, tenement houses, hos¬ pitals, and dwelling houses, forty (40) pounds, and office buildings, fifty (50) pounds above the first floor. The first floors of hotels, lodging houses and office buildings and all stores and places used for light manu¬ facturing and light storage, one hundred (100) pounds; warehouses, factories and for other manufacturing and commercial purposes according to the character of the loading, never less than one hundred and fifty (150) pounds; stables, seventy-five (75) pounds. All stairs and corridors except in private dwelling houses where the floor loads are given less than eighty (80) pounds, they shall be at least eighty (80) pounds; sidewalks, three hundred (300) pounds. The strength of factory floors intended to carry run¬ ning machinery shall be increased above the minimum given in this section in proportion to the degree of motion liable to be'transmitted to the floor. The roofs of all buildings shall be proportioned to bear safely twenty-five (25) pounds upon every square foot, Building Code 47 measured horizontally. For structures carrying travel¬ ing machinery or vibrating loads, such as motors, cranes, etc., add twenty-five (25) per cent of actual loads for impact, for affected members. Section 398. Proportionment of Loads. In all cases provisions shall be made for carrying the full superimposed dead load. Beams shall be pro¬ portioned to carry the full live load and dead load. Beams, girders and columns shall be proportioned to carry the full live load and dead load of the roof or other loads which are or may be constant. All other girders may be proportioned to carry eighty-five (85) per cent of the superimposed live load and all of the dead load. Columns not carrying roof loads or con¬ stant loads only may have their actual superimposed live loads further reduced five (5) per cent of the load allowed on the top floor for each succeeding lower floor below the top, until fifty (50) per cent of the live load fixed by the foregoing section for warehouses and factories, and twenty (20) per cent for other buildings shall have been reached, when such reduced loads shall be used for all remaining floors. Proper provisions shall be made for eccentric loading. Every temporary support placed under any structure wall, girder or beams during the erection, finishing, alter¬ ations or repairing of any structure, or any part thereof, shall be built of sufficient strength to carry safely the load to be placed thereon, and shall be satisfactory to the Commissioner.* Section 399. Factors of Safety. In computing stresses in the framing of any build¬ ing, unless the safe loads or unit stresses are prescribed in this code, the following factors of safety shall be used: For metal subjected to tension or transverse strains, 4 For timbers .. 6 For natural and -artificial stone, brick and stone masonry .10 In no case shall the factor of safety for any other material be less than four (4) for dead and live loads. 48 Building Code All structural materials and soil where the character and quality are not known shall be subjected to such tests as will determine their character and quality and as the Commissioner of Buildings shall direct. Such .tests shall be made under the supervision of such Com¬ missioner of Buildings, or the architect or owner may file with him a. certified copy of the result of tests such as the Commissioner of Buildings may have prescribed which have been made. # Section 400. Safe Loads on Soils. Clay in thick beds always dry, or strati¬ fied stone and clay, or Coarse compact sand .*.4 tons per sq. ft. Clay in thick beds moderately dry or clear dry fine sand. * .2 tons per sq. ft. Compact sand and gravel.5 tons per sq. ft. Compact sand and gravel well ce¬ mented .8 tons per sq. ft. For all soil inferior to the above never more than .1 ton per sq.ft. Section 401. Safe Loads on Masonry. The safe bearing load to apply to first-class brick¬ work of hard burnt, solid brick, when laid in lime mor¬ tar, shall be taken at not more than eight (8) tons per square foot. When laid in cement mortar, twelve (12) tons per square foot; when laid in Portland mortar, eighteen (18) tons per square foot. The safe bearing load applied to rubble stone work, when laid in lime mortar, six (6) tons per square foot; when laid in cement mortar, nine (9) tons per square foot, and when laid in Portland mortar, twelve (12) tons per square foot. Concrete or Portland cement, fifteen tons per square foot. Section 402. Stresses. The safe carrying capacity of various materials of construction, except for columns, shall be determined by the following working stresses in pounds per square inch. Building Code 49 CD S CO CO CD CD CJ 0 o xt J5 -5 °~ w u gS £j§PQ ^ Lli c n ^ O O O Q o o o o o ©_ TfT Oi CcT CO (MrH tH * o £ Q 0 j o jg© c n ^ o © © o o o o o o ^ ** © © ro u cd c o o © • »-H C. 3 co - r- CO O o © o © © ©f CO n o m h ctJ a cd Q CO CO © Q O O ~ © o © o Ch ©^ ©^ ©^ ©^ £ ©T o' of o' O H ©j t— i -i—i u aJ • H U cd ■*-> a v—i CO -I—» cd > V) ^ c g © S-< cd -»-> C CD © O +f tt) *-• in ^ ,rH 'O O 'M CD / ' -N *-< % in w^u oooooooo OOOOOOOIO © Ol CO OJ O GO CO CO o CD CO cd © © © © H Hh © © O C W !> < O o i> *o OJ rH ^ h © o o o •tn X O i> O ^-5 H T-H o £ P-l © o © © o o O 02 CO *s rH i—l 4-» +-> be CO CO (-1 a; wo '*-* ^ X5 O O g . ^ ^ 8 bfl bfl R • ^H • rH O Q -O -O ©<©.;_, J-h • 50 O O to a u ^ >o o © o o © o o © © © © © o © O rft © O O O i—l rH 02 i—l o o © o © o © © o o © o o o ooo(M»floo^ cd o u © co u O CD c * rH c as u CD £ O ■*-> CO aU O CD ”0 co C o • rH co C CD H * * CD *T3 • rH co C O • r—1 CO CO CD U Q, £ o (J • (a) For deformed bars, higher unit stress may be used up to 20,000 provided such bars have been ap¬ proved by the Commissioner. (b) Shear for field rivets.9,000 Shear for bolts .7,500' Bearing for bolts.15,000 All steel must be rolled from billets. Riveted steel beam (net flange section 15,000). Short span beams and girders should be designed to carry concentrated live loads at any point where they may be liable to be subjected to them, where such loads require a larger 1 section than tabular uniform loads. 50 Building Code In providing for additional stresses due to unequal loading, the unit stresses hereinbefore given may be increased twenty-five (25) per cent. Section 403. Working Strength of Concrete. c S Aggr. Direct Comp. Reading extreme fiber in comp. 1... . 2 1 '2 . . . . 5. . . 500_ . 600 1... . 2 . . . . 4. . . 600_ . 700 1... . .3. . . . 700_ . 800 For unre-enforced concrete, 200. Concrete building blocks, 100; actual surface of mate¬ rial. Concrete may be used in shear at 65 pounds per square inch, provided that the stirrups or prongs are figured only in shear; members may be figured as trusses, in which case the concrete shall not be figured in longi¬ tudinal shear. Section 404. Unit Stresses for Columns. Steel: ' L L When — is greater than 70... .S=17,100—57 — R R L When — is less than 70.... S=13,000 R ' Yellow Pine: L L When — is greater than 12....S= 1,000—10 — D ' D L When — is less than 12_S= 1,000 D When Pine or Spruce: L L When — is greater than 12.... S= 625— 6 — D D L When — is less than 12.S= D 700 Building Code 51 Oak: L L When — is greater than 12.... S— 750— 7.5 — D D L When — is less than 12.... S= 800 D Hollow cast iron : 10,000 For rectangular section' S= .. L 2 \ 1 - 1067 D 2 10,000 For round section S= ■■■■■■■.. L 2 1 - 800 10,000 For other sections S= ... —. - ■ L 2 1 -|- 6400 R 2 No lengths exceeding 180 times the least radius of gyration shall be used for compression members. The Commissioner of Buildings may require tests to be made at the expense of the party to whom the permit was issued or the contractor executing the work. Tests of any building material or structural portion of any building or structure to ascertain whether they are in accordance with the foregoing sections may be re¬ quired, provided such material or parts to be tested have attained their ultimate strength. L—Length in inches. R—Least radius of gyration in inches. D—Least diameter or side. S—Safe unit stress. Chapter 3.—Structural Iron and Steel Work. Section 405. Skeleton Steel Construction. In all buildings of skeleton construction, wherein all external and internal stresses are transmitted from the top of the buildings to the foundation by a skeleton 52 Building Code or framework of structural metal, the beams and gir¬ ders of such metal framework shall be riveted where the>* connect to steel columns, but other work may be bolted to each other at their respective junction points. All columns shall be made of structural metal and their different parts shall be riveted together and the beams and girders resting upon them shall have riveted connections to unite them with the columns. No cast iron lintel shall be used in the construction of the framework of such buildings. Section 406. Foundations of Structural Iron and Steel Columns. Foundations of structural iron and steel columns shall be of Portland concrete and all such structural columns shall rest on either cast iron or steel bases, proportioned so as to distribute the entire load on the column safely to the concrete foundations. All columns shall be properly secured to the ba.ses. Section 407. Framing. Every portion of a steel skeleton shall be strong enough to carry the superimposed load without relying upon the walls inclosing the frame, and all structural members shall be connected continuously with riveted connections from the foundation to the top of the building. Girders shall be nrovided fo£ the support of inclosure walls at every floor unless the walls rest directly on the foundations, and unless there is a sep¬ arate beam at the floor level for the floor support, such girder shall be at the level of the floors. Irregular or eccentric loading shall be avoided as much as possible, and where eccentric loading is necessary the same shall be taken up by special construction so as to transmit the load to the center of the column, with properly designed connections. All metal columns, girders and beams and all portions of the structural steel of the skeleton shall be so designed, where possible, that all connections shall be accessible after erection, for the purpose of inspection, cleaning and painting. Section 408. Wind Pressure. Precautions against the effect of wind pressure shall be made by rigid connections between vertical and horizontal members by means of gussets, knees or por¬ tals, or by cross-bracing. Building Code 53 Section 409. Steel and Iron Work Other than Skel¬ eton Construction. Cast Iron Columns—All cast iron columns shall be of good workmanship and material. The thickness of metal in any cast iron column shall never be less than five-eighths (§4) of an inch, and they shall never con¬ tain blow-holes or imperfections which shall reduce the area of cross section at any point more than ten (10) per cent. All cast iron columns shall be faced at the ends to a true surface perpendicular to the axis of the column. Column joints shall be secured by not less than four (4) bolts, which shall not be less than three-quarters ($4) of an inch in diameter. The thick¬ ness of metal in a column above a joint shall not be greater nor the bore less than the thickness of the metal or bore in the column below the joint, unless a joint plate of sufficient strength to distribute the load is inserted. Cast iron plates or bases under columns shall be of such metal and height so as to properly dis¬ tribute the load to the foundations. All cast iron columns not open columns shall be drilled with at least three (3) holes around the column for proper in¬ spection and such other drilling as may be required by the Commissioner of Buildings to determine the thick¬ ness of metal. Cast iron columns with open sides or backs shall be cast in one piece unless such columns are used for castings, coverings or ornamental pur¬ poses only, except that holes may be left for pipes to pass through these plates. Iron columns shall not be set on wood in any building, and in fireproof and semi- fireproof buildings they shall not be set on stone plinths, where liable to be subjected to fire. Section 410. Box and Plate Girders. All box and plate girders shall be properly propor¬ tioned and assembled and riveted together in accord¬ ance with the provisions heretofore given. The com¬ pression flange of beams or plate girders shall be se¬ cured against buckling. Proper stiffeners shall be pro¬ vided on both sides of the web over supports and under compression loads- where necessary. They shall be of sufficient strength to carry the loads, and shall be con¬ nected with a sufficient number of rivets to transmit the stresses into the web plate. Stiffeners shall fit so as to support the flanges of the girders. Whenever rolled steel or wrought iron beams are used in pairs to form a girder they shall be connected together by bolts and 54 Building Code iron separators at the ends over supports and under concentrated loads, or at intervals of not more than five (5) feet for uniformly distributed loads. All beams twelve (12), inches and over in depth shall have at least two (2) bolts to each separator. Precautions against buckling in compression flanges of beams shall be taken the same as for box and plate girders. Section 411. Steel and Iron Trusses. Trusses shall be of such design that the stresses in each member can be calculated. All trusses shall be held rigidly in position by efficient systems of lateral and sway bracing. Any member of a truss subjected to transverse stress, in addition to direct tension or compression shall have the stresses causing such strain added to the direct stresses coming on the member, and the total stresses thus formed shall in no case ex¬ ceed the working stresses stated in Section 402 of this title. For tension members, the actual net area only, after deducting rivet holes, one-eighth (34) of an inch larger than the rivets, shall be * considered as resisting the stress. If the axes of two adjoining web members do not intersect within the line of the chords, sufficient area shall be added to the chord to take up the bending strains, or the web members shall be connected by plates so arranged that the axes of the web members prolonged will intersect on the axis of the chord. No bolts shall be used in the connections of riveted trusses, excepting when riveting is impracticable, and then the holes shall be reamed in place and turned bolts used. All field bolts carrying shear shall be pro¬ vided with washers at least one-quarter (34) of an inch thick. All compression members in pin-connected trusses shall be proportioned, using seventy-five (75) per cent of the permissible working stress for columns. The heads of all eye-bars shall be made by upsetting or forging. No weld will be allowed in the body of the bar. Steel eye-bars shall be annealed. Bars shall be straight before boring. All pinholes shall be bored true, and at right angles to the axis of the members, and must fit the pin within one thirty-second (1-32) of an inch. The distances of pinholes from center to center for corresponding members shall be alike, so that when piled upon one another, pins will pass through both ends without forcing. Eyes and screw ends shall be so proportioned that upon test to destruction, frac^ Building Code 55 ture will take place in the body of the member. All pins shall be accurately turned. Pin-plates shall be provided wherever necessary to reduce the stresses on pins to the working stresses prescribed in Section 402 herein. These pin-plates shall be connected to the members by rivets of sufficient size and number to transmit the stresses without exceeding working stresses. Pin-connected riveted tension members shall have a net sectional area through pin bolts of twenty- five (25) per cent in excess of the net section of the body of the member. All rivets in members of pin- connected trusses shall be machine driven. All rivets in pin-plates which are necessary to transmit stress shall be also machine driven. The main connections of members shall be made by pins. Other connections may be made by bolts. Section 412. Riveting. The distance from the center of a rivet hole to the edge of the material shall not be less than one and one-half (lA) times the diameter of the rivet. Wher¬ ever possible, however, the distance shall be equal to two diameters. All rivets, wherever practicable, shall be machine driven. Rivets in connections shall be proportioned and placed to suit the stresses. The pitch ' of rivets in structural work shall never be less than three (3) diameters of the rivet nor more than six (6) inches. Gussets shall be provided wherever re¬ quired, of sufficient thickness and size to accommodate the number of rivets necessary to make the connec¬ tions. Section 413. Masonry Filling. * ^ i All cast iron or metal plates of fronts shall be backed up or filled in with masonry or concrete of the thickness provided for in this code. Section 414= Protection from Corrosion. All structural iron and steel shall be cleaned of all scale, dirt and rust, and shall be coated with at least one (1) coat of non-oxidizing or red lead paint. Struc¬ tural members shall be painted one (1) additional coat after assembling; provided that where they are to be incased with concrete in such a manner so as to ex¬ clude the action of the air and water, such members may be left unpainted. All iron and steel used below 56 Building Code water level shall be inclosed with Portland concrete so as to exclude the air and water. All metal for fire-escapes, balconies, fireproof shut¬ ters and doors, bridges, ladders, chains, scuttles, brack¬ ets, tanks and pipings exposed to the outer ffir, shall be painted to prevent corrosion, as often as will be re¬ quired by the Commissioner of Buildings. Chapter 4.—Concrete Construction. Section 415. Forms. All form w'ork shall be accurately built to conform with the plans as approved, and shall be put up in such a manner that it can be readily removed without dis¬ turbing the concrete. Forms must be made sufficiently strong to carry the concrete without undue deflection, and must be left in place in accordance with tlie follow¬ ing schedule: Wall forms, 2 days. Column forms, 4 days. Sides of beams and girders, 4 days. Floor slab panels, 1 day for each foot of span. Shores under beams and girders, 20 days. Days in which the temperature gets below 35 degrees Fahrenheit shall not be counted. Column forms shall have clean-out, doors provided at the bottom. Section 416. Placing Concrete. The concrete must be placed as soon as possible after mixing and must be thoroughly rammed. All re-enforc¬ ing steel must be in position and firmly held in place by wiring or other methods before any concrete is placed. After the concrete is placed it shall be kept damp for not less than seven (7) days. In cold weather pre¬ cautions must be taken to prevent the concrete from freezing while setting. Xo concreting shall be done when the temperature is below 24 degrees Fahrenheit. Except where unavoidable, concrete must not be placed in water. If it is absolutely necessary to place it in water, care must be taken to place the concrete at the bottom of the water either through a tube or otherwise, so that the cement will not be washed out by dropping through the water. Before placing con¬ crete, all shavings, sawdust and other rubbish of this kind must be removed. Building Code 57 Section 417. Assumptions in Design. The desien of any re-enforced concrete structural member shall be based upon the following assump¬ tions, viz: (a) The bond between the concrete and the steel is sufficient to make the two materials act together as a homogeneous solid. * (b) The strain in any fiber is directly proportionate to the distance of that fiber from the neutral axis. (c) The modulus of elasticity of concrete in com¬ pression remains constant within the limits of the allowable working stresses. (d) The tensile strength of concrete shall not be considered, but the steel shall take all the tensile stresses. (e) The ratio of modulus of elasticity of steel to that of concrete shall be taken in accordance with the following table : Working Strength of Concrete 500. 600. 700. 800. Ratio of Modulus of Elasticity of Steel to Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete . 20 . . ..18 .15 .12 Section 418. Design. Spiral hooped columns shall be hooped with spiral hoops firmly secured against displacement during con¬ struction, having a minimum total area in cross section of one (1) per cent of the area of the concrete. The hoops shall be placed not more than one and three- quarter (1J4) inches apart and the ends hooked six (6) inches into the column; splices must be made in such a manner as to develop the full strength of the hoops. Wherever the hoops are forced apart or spaced fur¬ ther than the figured distance, auxiliary reinforcement shall be provided so as to maintain the full strength of the column. Spiral hooped columns should be figured as follows : Total stress=(A-|-R [S-f-2.2 H]) C. A = area inside of hoops. R nr ratio of moduli of steel to concrete. C = allowable value of reinforced concrete in direct compression. S = area of vertical steel. 58 Building Code H ±= area of a bar of steel one foot long equal in weight to the hooping steel in one foot length of column. Columns with vertical reinforcement must contain at least four vertical bars placed one in each corner and surrounded by hoops having at least one-sixteenth (1-16) of a square inch cross section and placed not further than twelve (12) inches apart. The hoops must be firmly fastened to the bars by wiring or other means, and the ends of hoops must project into columns at least four (4) inches. Where columns are greater than eighteen (18) inches wide, a greater number of bars shall be used so that their spacing on the edge of the columns shall not be greater (apart) than sixteen (16) inches. In all cases reinforced columns must contain at least one (1) per cent of vertical steel, and must in all cases have a positive means of confining the con¬ crete and steel either by spiral reinforcement or hoops incasing the vertical bars. Where more than four (4) bars occur in a column, the additional bars must be hooped independently from the corner hoop with hoops similar to the corner hoops and spaced not further apart than twelve (12) inches on centers.* Where the length of the column, counting from the lower side of the girder at the upper end to the top of the floor slab at the lower end, is greater than eighteen (18) times its least dimension, a greater percentage of steel must be used for vertical reinforcement and a deduction of the allowable stress on the concrete must be made in accordance with the following table: Percentage of Allbw- Ratio of Minimum able Stress to be Used Length to Least Percentage for Value of Concrete Dimension of Steel in Compression 18-20 90 20-22 v/ 2 79 22-24 m 67 24-26 2 54 26-28 2^ 41 28-30 2M 27 30-32 3 12 Tn the design of reinforced columns, the concrete outside of the hoops shall not be figured in compres¬ sion. In the design of T-beams, the floor can be counted in compression as follows: Building Code 59 % s~ When the floor reinforcement is perpendicular to the beam, the entire floor slab can be used in compression. Where the floor slab reinforcement is not perpen¬ dicular to the beam, six (6) times the thickness of the floor slab on each side of the beam may be used in compression. If this is not sufficient to develop the re¬ quired compression, steel may be placed in the floor slab perpendicular to the beam,, and in that case a greater proportion of the floor slab can be used in com¬ pression ; in this case, sufficient steel must be used to carry that portion of the floor slab, which is counted in compression and which is more than six (6) times the thickness of the slab from the edge of the beam, as a cantilever with the beam as a support. The additional compression may also be obtained by using steel in com¬ pression placed within one (1) inch of the top of the beam. Where compression steel is thus used, it must be sufficiently anchored by inverted U-bars or by prongs attached to the compression steel, and these must ex¬ tend at least eight (8) inches below the neutral axis. The lever arm of the resisting moment of a T-beam shall not be greater than the distance from the center of the slab to the center of gravity of the steel, but the stress in the concrete shall be determined by the neutral axis. When the thickness of the layers of reinforcing steel is not greater than one-sixth (1-6) of the total depth of the section, the full value in ten¬ sion can be counted on all the steel, but when this thickness is greater than one-sixth (1-6) Qf the depth of the section, the stresses must be apportioned to the distance from the neutral axis. When more than one layer of bars is used, the upper bars should, if possible, touch the lower bars in the center of the beam, so that all the steel will be as far as possible from the neutral axis, and as great a value as possible developed. All bars shall be separated horizontally at least one diag¬ onal diameter, but not less than one (1) inch. In con¬ crete walls, reinforcement shall be proportioned to the span and the height. Steel stirrups or prongs must be placed in the beams not further apart than the effective depth, and each leg shall have sectional area of not less than one-sixteenth (1-16) of a square inch, and shall be imbedded in the compression portion for its full grip. Such stirrups or prongs not sufficiently at¬ tached to the tension members to be equivalent to an integral construction, must be perpendicular to the axis of the beam, and must inclose the tension members 60 Building Code and be in close contact with those furthest removed from the neutral axis. Section 419. Moments. In figuring moments, the clear span shall be used. For beams, girders and slabs, where there is no con¬ tinuous action, the regular moments for simple beams shall be used. Where there is continuous action, there must be at least fifty (50) per cent as much rein¬ forcement in the top over supports, to provide for the negative moment, as in the bottom at the center. Where WL there is continuous action, a moment of-may be 10 used for floor slabs where the dead load is less than WL one-half ( l / 2 ) the live load, and a moment of - may 12 be used where the dead load is at least one-half ( J / 2 ) the live load. In continuous beams eighty (80) per cent, of the moment of a simple beam may be used with half ihe bars bent up at the support. Where advantage of continuous action is taken, the bars over the supports must come within a few inches from the top of the beam at the support and extend far enough into the support to obtain full grip of the bar. In rectangular floor plates reinforced in two direc¬ tions, and in which the long span does not exceed 1.732 times the short span, the following formulas for bending moments shall be used : rWS (1-r) WL. Ms =-and Ml =- cf cf Where Ms = Moment for uniform loads, short spans for middle half of span. Ml = Moment for uniform loads, long spans for middle half of span. L = long span. S = short span. f = 8 for non-continuous spans. 10 for spans continuous over # one support. 12 for spans continuous over both supports. L** r L-i+S-* Building Code 61 c = 1.25 when r = .5 1.20 when r = .6 1.15 when r — .7 1.10 when r = .8 to .9 In using this formula, provision must be made for any negative bending moment that may occur to ad¬ jacent panels, due to unequal loading. Slabs spanning over two (2) feet shall have a mini¬ mum thickness of three (3) inches. Slab steel shall not be spaced more than two and one-half ( 2 %) times the thickness of the slab, except in the end quarters of the spans each way in slabs reinforced in both directions. In the end quarter of the spans each way, the spacing of the bars may be two (2) times that for the middle half of the sp-an. In floors reinforced in two directions, the reinforce¬ ment over the supports may be limited to the middle half of the support. Deformed bars must be imbedded at least thirty (30) times their diameter and plain bars forty (40) times their diameter where the full strength of the bar is to be developed. Where this distance can not be obtained, the bar must be hooked with a six (6) inch hook, and if this is not sufficient, a stub must be placed in the hook. In no case shall steel be lapped or spliced except over the supports. All tension bars for reinforcing positive bending mo¬ ments between supports must run the full length of the beam and extend into the support. No welds will be allowed. Turnbuckles or sleeve nuts properly de¬ signed may be used. Where floor slabs are. supported by a brick or stone wall, they must have at least four (4) inches bearing, and the floor steel must run in the full four (4) inches. Where concrete floors are to be used without being covered with some other wearing surface, a cement finish of at least one (1) part cement or two (2) parts sand and at least one-half ( l / 2 ) of an inch thick must be firmly bonded to the structural concrete, and in no case shall this finish be considered a part of the struc¬ tural thickness of the floor slab, but must be allowed entirely for wearing surface. Section 420. Protection of Metal. In reinforced beams and girders, all main bars must have at least one (1) inch of concrete protection, and stirrups or prongs one-half ( l / 2 ) inch. In slabs, the Building Code •main tension reinforcement must have at least one- half ( l / 2 ) inch concrete protection. In columns there must be at least one (1) inch concrete protection out¬ side the reinforcement. Section 421. Conditions Under which Design May Be Varied. If the contractor desires to use a system not covered by or varying from the above conditions as to design, he shall present to the Commissioner of Buildings plans and specifications, giving in detail the construction and formulas he uses in his design; and to be such that they can be checked properly and kept on record by the Commissioner. He shall then make a destruc¬ tion test, or present evidence satisfactory to the Com¬ missioner of Buildings that such test has been made, with full particulars of the results of said test. If said test shows that, based on the specifications sub¬ mitted, the construction has a factor of safety of four (4) on the total dead and live load, the said system may be used in accordance with said specifi¬ cations. *' . Chapter 5.—Ordinary Construction. Section 422. Thickness of Walls. All buildings shall be inclosed with external or party walls. External, division-hearing or party walls of brick masonry shall be of the thickness shown in the following tables, arranged according to the height and length of the walls up to one hundred (100) feet in height. For additional heights of walls the thick¬ ness of the wall must be increased to conform with the allowable stress per square foot hereinbefore given, but not less than given for one hundred (100) feet below the top, counting down. The thickness of walls given in the tables are the minimum thickness, and wherever the load on the wall exceeds the stress per square foot hereinbefore given, the thickness must be increased proportionately. Vitrified clay blocks may be used for dwelling houses and for curtain and apron walls in any building. Section 423. Walls Inclosing Skeleton Con¬ structed Buildings. Walls inclosing structures of skeleton construction are not to be regarded by the thickness classed for in I Building Code 6 the tables, unless they are carried up from the foun¬ dation independently of the skeleton and are anchored to the beams. They shall never be less than thirteen (13) inches, and all portions of the structural steel columns must have an outside facing of at least nine (9) inches and all girders at least four (4) inches. Walls carried by the skeleton construction shall have ' independent bearings for each story. Section 424. Walls Inclosing Buildings of Mono¬ lith Construction. * Walls inclosing buildings constructed of monolith construction, where the walls are carried on the col- umns and girders by supports for each story and where the wall itself is not of monolith construction, they shall be at least thirteen (13) inches in thick¬ ness, and shall cover the outer face of the monolith at least four (4) inches, or in lieu thereof there shall be not less than one (1) inch additional concrete on the exterior exposed surfaces of such monolith con¬ struction. In monolith construction where the floor slabs are carried on the walls of the building other than walls of monolith construction, the schedule given for the warehouse class shall apply to the dwelling house class, and for the warehouse class the thickness given in the table shall be increased so as to take up the additional strain put on the walls by the con¬ crete construction. The tables as given shall apply, however, to houses of monolith construction if the outside casing of the wall is carried from the founda¬ tion independent of the walls and columns and where the floor loads do not come on the walls, provided the outer walls are properly anchored to the main struc-% tu re. Section 425. Explanation of Tables. For tenement houses, hotels, lodging houses, club¬ houses, asylums, convents, dormitories, hospitals and dwelling houses, the thickness of external party and division-bearing walls will be found in Table No. 1— “Dwelling House Class.” For all other buildings and structures the thickness of external party and division¬ bearing walls will be found in Table No. 2. 64 Building Code o 03 rH rQ d • H c/a 03 r] 73 C/3 C/3 G$ r-H O 03 C/3 2 O w bn ^ .2 5 03 > «-W fl ° C/5 c/5 03 c u H o X • 21 • • 17 • CO • rH o rH 50 A rH • t- • • CO CM • • T— 1 • tH X 17 • • • • • • 13 CM i- ^ °< :£ : : • • CO • • t-H cc X< 05 ^ O o o ^ • u • o • c/o w 03 1 • c^ o 4—* • £ •£ bfl o $P '53 *■* j*3 g« 1 £ 3 S (U 3 £ • «H Cw X £ — X *rt g.rt rt 'rH JO ^ '—I <5 W ^ <; s— O C/5 c ^ c/5 S’C « o a o u O 4-> C/5 U O C/5 C/5 -•— . _ C/5 O c/5 ^ O r! n 03 J- E 13 ? u 5 Ch C £ ^ o o OHhhH 03 C/5 bo 03 X r- C s- Jr 5 o.— o °c C/3 03 o r—( PQ c3 r-H O 73 0) •rH $-i -*-> U v. ’ o 03 73 r3 c P 03 >, U C -t-> C/3 C/J s~ 03 03 t/3 rt *n «3 cm O c CM Maximum height (feet) for each story. Thickness in inches... (Maximum lengths, 45 feet) Table No. 2—Warehouse Class. Building Code 65 x CO < : H N O CJ H W tH T~ i Ci W r-| U • *—< H x CO • • ♦ ca L- lO 0J ; ’ in • CO* £ M-i * • o> V :*c 0 <—• • C ■£ > -4-> to c *- 4-> C w 'tz m • P ci P m w a O O O ^ r—' —» ) of its thickness, but there shall never be less than nine (9) inches at the back of such recesses or chases in external walls, provided that in dwelling houses not exceeding two (2) stories and attic, such recesses may be two-thirds (Y) the thick- Building Code 67 ness of the wall, but never less than four (4) inches at the back. The recesses around pipes shall be filled up solidly with masonry or plastic incombustible ma¬ terial after the pipes are in place for a space of one (1) foot at the top and bottom of each story. The recesses and chases for elevators, pipes, electric conduits, etc., may be made in walls, provided that in party and external walls and in fire walls the back of the recesses and chases shall be not less than nine (9) inches thick in the dwelling house class and thir¬ teen (13) inches in the warehouse class and in divi¬ sion walls not less than four (4)- inches thick. Chases and recesses shall be of such width and so spaced as not to unduly weaken the wall, or the wall shall be proportionately increased in thickness. No con¬ tinuous vertical recess shall be nearer than seven (7) feet to any other recess. Flues shall not be considered recesses. No channeling shall be done in any walls where less than thirteen (13) inches thick, except for small gas pipe and wire conduits, in which case such channels shall be thoroughly cemented up with Portland mortar. Section 429. Length of Walls—When Not to Be Considered. If the center of any external or party wall is not more than twenty-five (25) feet distant from the cen¬ ter of any other external or party wall to which it is tied at each floor, the length of such wall up to the length of one hundred (100) feet is not to be taken into consideration, and the thickness of the wall will be found in the column marked “A” in the tables. Section 430. When Stories Exceed a Certain Height. When a story exceeds in height sixteen (16) times the thickness prescribed for the walls of such stories in the tables, the thickness of such walls shall be in- creased four (4) inches or strengthened by means of buttresses not more than twenty (20) feet apart. No story inclosed with walls less than thirteen (13) inches in thickness, shall be more than fifteen (15) feet in height, unless strengthened by means of buttresses not more than fifteen (15) feet apart. Section 431. Thickness of Stone Walls. Stone walls shall never be less than eighteen (18) inches in thickness, and where more than two (2) 68 Building Code stories or twenty-seven (27) feet in height, each suc¬ ceeding story below the top story shall be increased three (3) inches in thickness. Section 432. Foundation Walls. All buildings and structures shall have foundation walls except frame stables and sheds, which may be built on stone piers. All foundation walls and piers shall be at least three (3) feet below ground surface exposed to frost and six (6) inches below the level of the excavation of the cellar. All foundation walls shall be built of concrete, stone or brick, concrete blocks or vitrified clay blocks. If built of brick, the thickness of such walls must be increased four (4) inches over the thickness given in the tables for the low¬ est story, unless the total height to the top of the foun¬ dation comes within the height given in the table, but they shall never be less than thirteen (13) inches in thickness. All brick foundation walls must be built of hard brick and laid in cement mortar. Rubble masonry stone walls for foundations shall never be less than eighteen (18) inches in thickness, and for foundations to walls exceeding the height of thirty-six (36) feet they shall be twenty-one (21) inches in thickness or four (4) inches more than the base of the brick wall above for all external party or division bearing walls. All stone foundation walls shall be laid • in good mortar, and where the height of the wall above exceeds the thirty-six (36) foot limit they shall be laid in cement mortar. All rubble stone walls must be bonded with through bonding headers at least three (3) feet in height and not over three (3) feet on cen¬ ters. Vitrified clay blocks may be used for foundations to two (2) story dwelling houses only, or for founda¬ tions to division walls of houses of the dwelling house class not more than three (3) stories in height. The thickness of such walls shall in all cases be at least the thickness of the wall above and not less than twelve (12) inches. Concrete walls for foundation walls when not re¬ enforced shall not be less in thickness than one. (1) inch more than the base of the wall given in the tables, and not less than eight (8) inches for frame dwellings. Re-enforced concrete foundation walls may be of less thickness if they are properly strengthened by piers or buttresses and have proper benches for Building Code 69 the reception of the wall above and conform with all the requirements of the reinforced concrete construc¬ tion heretofore given in this code. No re-enforced concrete wall shall be less than four (4) inches thick. Retaining walls shall not be regulated by the thick¬ ness given above, but shall be built to withstand the pressure of the earth behind the same and the action of the frost. Section 433. Concrete Blocks. Concrete blocks may be used where vitrified clay blocks are hereinbefore permitted, and also where brick walls are provided for. The thickness of such blocks shall be eight (8) inches for tabular nine (9) inch walls and increased four (4) inches in thickness for each such increase given for brick walls in the tables. Walls built of concrete blocks shall meet the require¬ ments of bonding and anchoring given for brick walls and shall be laid up in Portland cement mortar. When such blocks are used for fire walls or party walls the vertical joints shall not be continuous through the walls. Section 434. Additions to Heights of Old Build¬ ings. Should it be desired to add to the height of a build¬ ing or structure already erected, even though in such case the thickness of walls would not be in strict con¬ formity with this code for the entire wall, the Com- - missioner of Buildings shall make an inspection of such existing wall, and if in the judgment of the Commissioner of Buildings the addition can be safely made, he may grant such permit, provided, however, that the increased load on the brick work shall never exceed the unit stress per square foot hereinbefore given. Section 435. Bonding. All brick walls shall be bonded every seventh course or less with full heading courses through the wall. Walls faced with cut stone, terra cotta, pressed brick or any such material, and where such facing is veneered on or not bonded with, brick heading courses every seventh course or less and made a part of the wall itself, the facing shall be backed with a wall of the full thickness given in the foregoing sections and tables. Flemish bond work shall have full headers every third course. When the veneer is tied to the wall with TO Building Code metallic wall ties, the veneer shall not be considered as part of the thickness of the wall as conforming to the thickness given in the foregoing sections and tables. Such veneer must be tied by metallic ties at least one (1) tie to each square foot of wall surface, and no veneer shall be more than thirty (30) feet in height without renewing the bearings. Hollow brick furring shall be considered a veneer, unless bonded into a brick wall with heading courses as provided herein for solid brick walls. Section 436. Frame Buildings Veneered with Brick. Outside the fire limits, frame buildings not pver two (2) stories and an attic in height may be veneered with brick, stone or terra cotta. Such veneer work must be tied to the backing by means of wall ties driven through the sheathing and clinched on the back, and the veneer must rest solidly on the foundation walls. Section 437. Anchors, Coping, Lintels, etc. ( External and party walls above the ground floor shall be securely anchored at least every eight (8) feet, to each tier of joists by means of iron strap T head or hook anchors in such a way that the anchor¬ age is continuous between the walls. Walls not car¬ ried up together, or junctions of old walls to new walls, must be anchored at least every six (6) feet in their height by heavy iron strap anchors. Fire walls as hereafter provided and all fence walls and the top of all walls exposed to the weather must be capped with waterproof and fireproof coping. All openings in brick walls must have arches or lintels. Lintels must have 5-inch bearing on the wall. In non-fireproof buildings, lintels may be seasoned wood if less than eight (8) foot span. Parapet walls and projecting cornices must be securely anchored if necessary to secure stability. Section 438. Brick and Masonry Work. The walls and piers of all buildings shall be prop¬ erly and solidly bonded together with close joints filled with mortar. They shall be built to a line and be carried up plumb and straight. The walls of each story shall be built up the full thickness to the top of the beams above. Building Code 71 Section 439. Piers. All piers shall be built of good, hard, well-burnt brick laid in cement mortar, excepting that piers front¬ ing on a street may be built of stone. Every pier built of brick, containing less than nine superficial feet at the base, supporting any beam, girder, arch or column on which a wall rests, or lintel spanning an opening over ten (10) feet and supporting a wall, shall at in¬ tervals of not over thirty (30) inches apart in height have built into it a cast iron or steel bond plate of suf¬ ficient strength, and the full size of the piers. For piers fronting on a street bond stones to conform with the kind of stone used for the trimming of the front may be used above the sidewalk. Cap stones corresponding to the trimmings of the front, proportioned to the weight to be carried, but not less than five (5) inches in thickness, by the full size of the pier, may be used above the sidewalk for piers fronting on a street. For the capping of all other piers cast iron plates of equal strength by the full size of the pier shall be set under all columns or girders. Isolated brick piers shall not exceed in height ten (10) times their least dimensions. In buildings other than buildings of the dwelling house class, stone posts for the support of posts or columns above shall not be used in the interior of the building. Where walls or outside piers are built of coursed stones, with dressed level beds and vertical joints, the Commissioner of Buildings shall have the right to allow such walls or pier to be built of a less thickness than specified for brickwork, but in no case shall said walls or piers be less than three-quarters ( 34 ) of the thickness provided for brickwork. Brick piers between windows shall never be less in width than the thickness of the wall. Section 440. Floor Arches and Floor Construc¬ tion. Filling between beams in fireproof buildings shall be built either of brick or hollow tile arches, concrete arches and floor slabs or a combination of one or more of these materials alone or in combination with wire cloth, expanded metal, wire strands or wrought iron and steel bars. Arches built of brick, between floor beams shall be solidly laid in cement mortar to a line on the centers and shall have a rise to safely carry the superimposed load, but never less than one 72 Building Code and one-fourth (1^4) of an inch for each foot of span between beams. They shall not be less than nine (9) inches for spans more than six (6) feet, and shall be well bonded. Hollow tile arches when segmental shall be not less than (6) inches thick, and shall be laid with the same rise and in like manner as brick arches. Flat arches of hard burnt clay semi-porous or porous terra-cotta of uniform density and hardness shall be not less in height than one and one-quarter (1J4) of an inch for each foot of span between beams plus two (2) inches, and shall be laid in cement mortar on rigid centering, and the key parts shall always fall in the central portion. The shells and webs of all end con¬ structed blocks shall abut one against the other. Con¬ crete arches segmental in form shall be not less than four (4) inches at the crown, and shall have a rise of one and one-quarter (1*4) of an inch to each foot of span between beams. When re-enforced with metal, such metal, unless used for centering only, must be im¬ bedded in the concrete at least one (1) inch. Cinder or slag concrete may be used only for floor arches of six (6) foot or less span, when properly re-enforced. Floor Ailing of solid or hollow burnt clay, brick or concrete slabs or beams in combination with wire cloth, expand¬ ed metal wire strands or wrought iron or steel bars shall have such metal covered with at least one (1) inch of Areproof materials. * Section 441. Beam and Column Covering. All iron and steel flanges of beams in Areproof and semi-Areproof buildings shall be covered at least two (2) inches with Areproof materials, and all arches shall have hard burnt clay skewback pieces with shells and webs of not less than one and one-half (iyi) inches thickness. In flat construction, such beams may be entirely incased with concrete or other AreprooAng materials, but never less than two (2) inches on flanges. Plastering shall not be construed as furnishing a portion of this covering. All exterior structural iron and steel columns in Areproof and semi-Areproof buildings shall be incased in brick or concrete. All interior structural iron and steel columns in Areproof and semi-Areproof buildings shall be incased in four (4) inches of brick, hollow tile, terra-cotta, concrete or other fireproof material without any air space next to the metal, se¬ curely applied and laid in Portland cement mortar. Building Code 73 Plastering, unless of Portland mortar, shall not be con¬ sidered as part of this covering. All pipes, wires and conduits shall be placed outside of the said covering on beams and columns. In buildings where heavy truck¬ ing is done, all such column casing shall be properly jacketed with sheet metal up to four (4) feet from the floor. Sec. 442. Fireproof Partitions. All fireproof partitions must rest on fireproof floors and extend to fireproof sides and ceilings. Door and window openings in fireproof partitions shall have metal uprights extending from floor to ceiling and metal framed heads and sills. All heads of frames shall be at least twelve (12) inches below the ceilings. Such fireproof partitions shall be constructed either of brick, hollow tile or similar fireproof blocks or metal studs and metal lath. All partitions shall' be plastered with two (2) coats of hard plaster, covering all parts of the partition, whether exposed or covered with marble or other decorative features. Fireproof partitions may be built entirely*of re-enforced concrete. All partitions more than seventy-five (75) feet in length must be strengthened by piers or buttresses, or iron or steel framework. All non-bearing hollow tile partitions shall not exceed the following heights, viz: Twenty (20) feet for 6-inch partitions, sixteen (16) feet for 4-inch, and twelve (12) feet for 3-inch partitions. Section 443. Wood Girders, Floor Beams and Joists. All wood girders, floor beams and joists in all build¬ ings must be of sufficient size and strength to conform with the factors of safety heretofore given, and must never exceed twenty (20) times their depth in length. Floor beams and wood girders for buildings of timber or slow-burning construction must be figured to permit of a decrease in strength caused by fire charring the same to a depth of one-half (J4) of an inch all around the timber. All connections of wood or iron posts to girders and floor beams to girders must be made in such a way that they can be readily taken out without destroying any portion of the structure. Each tier of joists or timbers for each floor, where they are sup¬ ported on walls above the ground floor, shall be an¬ chored to the walls with heavy strap T or turn-up anchors, and wherever joists are in two or more lengths 74 Building Code across the building they must be anchored together so as to make the anchorage continuous from wall to wall. All joists and timbers resting in brick walls must be self-releasing, and unless the wall is offset, the ends must be cut off at the top at an angle of forty-five (45) degrees with the face of the wall. No joists shall ex¬ tend through any wall, nor shall the joists abut in any wall unless separated by incombustible material, and in warehouse class this shall be either nine (9) inches of brick or four (4) inches of Portland concrete. All joists around fireplaces and flues shall be framed so that there will be a clear space of not less than four (4) inches between the trimmers and headers and the brickwork of the projecting chimney breast, nor less than nine (9) inches from the inside of the flue to any woodwork, and the joists in the brickwork next to the trimmers and headers must be perfectly full and this entire face plastered with Portland cement unless the walls around the flues are nine (9) inches in thickness. No wood bearing posts shall be employed in cellars or basements next to the ground. Secticn 444. Stud Partitions Used as Bearings. In dwellings and tenement houses not over three (3) stories in height, stud partitions may be used as bear¬ ings for the several floors. Such stud partitions shall be supported by foundations of masonry or concrete walls in the cellar, or brick piers or iron or wood or re-enforced concrete posts and girders. The bearings of these partitions must be continuous thtough all the floors, except that in dwelling houses, the position of such partitions may be changed in the second floor, if the second floor joists are properly strengthened to take the additional strain caused by such partition bearing, and are properly fire stopped. When stud partitions are used for joist bearing, the spaces surrounded by brick or concrete walls must never exceed on any floor more than twenty-five hundred (2,500) square feet, except in private dwelling houses. ✓ Section 445. Fire Stops. All stud partitions, whether incombustible stud par¬ titions or wood lath partitions, unless the bottom plate is set on top of the floor, must have fire stops. On all walls where wooden furring is used, all the courses of brick from the under side of the floor beams to the top of the same shall project at least two (2) inches Building Code 75 beyond the inside face of the wall, and where floor beams run parallel to a wall and wooden furring is used such beams shall be kept away at least two (2) inches from the inside face of the wall, and the space between the beams and the walls shall be built up solidly with brickwork, or filled in with concrete from the under side of the floor beams to the top of the same, so as to form an effective fire stop. In all con¬ tinuous partitions, the space between the joist bearing- plate and the top of the floor shall be filled in solidly with brick or concrete closely plastered or metal lath and plaster so as to form an effective fire stop. Section 446. Wood Ceilings. Wood ceilings will not be permitted in any stores, factories or workshops, and all wood wainscoting in any building, except private dwelling houses, must have the back filled solidly with incombustible material. Section 447. Wood Trusses. All wood trusses shall be so designed that the stresses in the various members may readily be calculated, and all struts and tension rods must be of sufficient strength required for unit stresses heretofore given, and all joints must be accurately cut and fit together and drawn tight to full bearings. All such trusses must be properly se¬ cured in place by lateral bracing. Compression mem¬ bers shall be strained in the direction of the fiber only Timbers strained in tension shall be strained in the di¬ rection of the fiber only. i Section 448. Frame Buildings. Frame buildings outside of the fire limits shall be con¬ structed in a good substantial manner, and unless they are balloon framed they must be provided with sufficient bracing to withstand all wind pressure. Any thrust that may be in the roof rafters must be taken up by collar beams or otherwise. Whenever two or more frame buildings are built in a row, the division walls separating the different, houses must be built of brick, concrete or other incombustible material, and such walls must conform with all such other requirements of this code as relates to the thickness, length and height of walls, and must extend two (2) feet above the roof, and must be capped with fire and weather¬ proof coping. 76 Building Code sub-title v. SAFETY REGULATIONS. Chapter 1.—Fireproofing and Fire Prevention. Section 449. Fireproof Buildings. The following buildings, hereafter erected, shall be fireproof buildings : (a) All public buildings, detention buildings, public garages and dry cleaning establishments. (b) All school buildings and buildings containing as¬ sembly halls, three (3) or more stories in height. (c) Office buildings, hotels, lodging houses and tene¬ ment houses more than five (5) stories and an attic in height. (d) Store buildings, warehouses and factory build¬ ings seven (7) stories or more in height. (e) Theaters, except the top flooring, the necessary sleepers to fasten the same to, the facing of the step¬ ping in the galleries, which shall be properly fire stop¬ ped, and the wood wainscoting not over six (6) feet in height, if solidly filled between the wainscoting and the wall with fireproof materials. * Section 449—1. Fences. All fences over eight (8) feet in height shall be built of brick, concrete, hollow tile, concrete blocks, vitrified clay or other similar incombustible materials. The foundation, construction and thickness to comply with all the requirements of this code for walls of similar length and height. Section 450. Semi-Fireproof Buildings. The following buildings, hereafter erected, may be fireproof buildings, or shall be semi-fireproof buildings, constructed either of mill or slow-burning construction. All store buildings, warehouses and factory buildings more than three (3) stories in height and not more than six (6) stories in height. Section 451. Buildings Within Fire Limits. No frame or wood structure shall be erected within the fire limits, except as follows : (a) Temporary buildings one (1) story in height, *As ordained by Ordinance No. 550-14, passed Octo¬ ber 6, 1914. Building Code 77 for the use of builders within the limits of lots where¬ on buildings are in course of erection or adjoining vacant lots, upon the permit of the Commissioner of Buildings. (b) Temporary structures such as platforms, stands, election booths and circus tents. (c) Buildings not exceeding twelve (12) feet in height, and having walls and roof covered externally with incombustible material. (d) Privies and sheds not exceeding ten (10) feet in height and not over one hundred (100) square feet in area. (e) Piazzas or balconies of wood, which do not ex¬ ceed eight (8) feet in width and which do not exceed more than three (3) feet above the second floor beams. (f) Bay windows of wood covered with incombus¬ tible material, if otherwise in accordance with this code. (g) Fences not over six (6) feet high. **(h) Isolated grain elevators, icehouses, wharf- houses, railroad-yard offices and railroad signal towers covered externally with incombustible materials, and coal tipples. (i) Lumber piles not over fifteen (15) feet high. All buildings hereafter erected within the fire limits must have the exterior walls built of brick or other in¬ combustible material and the roofs covered with incom¬ bustible roofs, and must in other respects be in accord¬ ance with the requirements of this code. * Section 452. Block Restrictions. No reservoir for the storage of an inflammable ex¬ plosive or odorous gas, blacksmith shop, foundry, pack¬ ing house, rendering plant, soap factory, tannery, brew¬ ery, distillery, grain elevator, icehouse, junk shop, laun¬ dry or any building, tipple or plant for the handling or distribution of coal or coke, shall be erected in any residence block or residence square. For the purposes of this section a block or square shall be a section of land bounded by three or more public streets or alleys or natural boundaries, such as streams of water, well defined ravines or railway rights of way; and a resi¬ dence block or residence square shall be a block or *As amended by Ordinance No. 334-16, passed August 1, 1916. **As amended by Ordinance No. 445-13, passed Au¬ gust 5, 1916. 78 Building Code square in which more than sixty per cent of the sur¬ face of the land contains buildings or premises used for residence purposes, and a building shall be deemed used for residence purposes when a majority of the floor space of such building is used for residence pur¬ poses. Section 453. Shafts. The walls of all shafts in non-fireproof buildings here¬ after erected shall be covered with fireproof material throughout. The bottom of shafts that are open at the top to the outer air shall be properly drained. At the bottom of every shaft there shall be a.self-closing fire¬ proof door or window giving access to the same for cleaning purposes. Section 454. Removal of Frame Buildings. No frame buildings shall be moved from one lot to another, within the fire limits, or from without the fire limits to within the fire limits. Section 455. Signs and Billboards. (a) Signs and billboards, or any device in the na¬ ture of an advertisement, announcement or direction, when constructed of wood, shall not be erected over two (2) feet in height. (b) All signs and billboards constructed in the fire limits, more than two (2) feet in height, on any build¬ ing or separately, shall be constructed entirely of metal, including the upright supports and braces of the same. (c) No signs or billboards erected upon upri ghts. or any other supports extending into the ground, shall be at any point more than twelve (12) feet above the surface of the ground, and shall be properly supported and braced. (d) Billboards shall have at least twenty-four (24) inches of open space in height between the ground and the billboard. (e) There shall he an open space of six (6) feet between each -billboard and any adjoining, structure or lot line. (f) There shall be an open space of not less than two (2) feet between any two billboards. (g) No billboard shall exceed five hundred (500) square feet in area. (h) No billboard shall be nearer to the lot line on any street than the house line adjoining the same. Building Code 79 (i) In no case shall any billboard be less than fif¬ teen (15) feet from such street line. (j) Where new buildings are erected, present bill¬ boards shall be set back to such house line of adjoining lot. (k) All signs which are dangerous in any manner whatever shall be repaired and made safe or taken down by the owner. (l) No matter shall be posted on any such structure that is licentious or obscene, or depicting the commis¬ sion of any crime. (m) No matter shall be posted on any such struct¬ ure until it has been inspected and approved by the Chief of Police. (n) It shall be unlawful for any billposter or ad¬ vertising sign painter to post any matter upon any board owned or controlled by a licensed advertiser without the consent of the advertiser, or upon any building without the consent of the owner of such building unless a special permit shall have first been issued by the Director of Public Service. * (p) No such sign or billboard shall be erected on or facing any public park, square, municipal, county or Federal building unless a special permit shall have first been issued by the Director of Public Service. (q) Nothing herein contained shall prevent the owners or operators of any open-air place’ of amuse¬ ment or ball park, wholly surrounded by streets, vacant grounds or railroad rights-of-way, from erecting or maintaining suitable screen about the same, in accord¬ ance with plans approved by the Commissioner, or from displaying proper advertising matter, in accord¬ ance with paragraphs “1” and “m” of this section, on the interior of such screen. (r) The foregoing paragraphs of this section shall apply to all existing billboards. (s) Each of the foregoing lettered sections relating to signs and billboards is hereby declared to be inde¬ pendent of every other section, and the invalidity of any one shall not invalidate any of the others. Section 456. Fireproof Doors and Windows. (a) In fireproof and semi-fireproof buildings here- *Section 450-O repealed by Ordinance No. 550-14, passed October 6, 1914. 80 Building Code i after constructed and in all store buildings, ware¬ houses, factories and • workshops hereafter erected, door, windows or other openings in external walls that are thirty (30) feet or less distant from any other building or parts of the same buildings, or that are above adjoining roofs, must either be fireproof win¬ dows or doors, or be equipped with fireproof shutters. All fireproof shutters opening on fire-escapes and on streets or alleys must be so arranged that they can be opened from the outside as well as from the inside. In all fireproof and semi-fireproof buildings, and in all warehouses, store buildings, factories and workshops hereafter erected, the openings in walls separating two (2) buildings or two (2) separate portions of the same building, or wherever deemed necessary by the Com¬ missioner of Buildings, shall be provided with auto¬ matic self-closing fire-doors on each side of'the wall if practicable. All fireproof shutters and doors shall be closed at the close of the business of each day. All fire- doors shall be protected by guards, so as to prevent ob¬ struction from free movement. In all factories and workshops the windows and doors on fire-escapes must be fireproof windows and doors. *(b) The foregoing provisions shall also apply to all existing store buildings, warehouses, factories and workshops. Section 457. Stand Pipes. All buildings exceeding a height of seventy-five (75) feet shall be equipped with stand pipes, one for each division of the building, or one for each ten thousand (10,000) square feet or fraction thereof, or* one for each end street front. Such stand pipes shall not be less than four (4) inches in diameter for houses not exceeding one hundred and twenty-five (125) feet in height, and six (6) inches in diameter for houses ex¬ ceeding one hundred and twenty-five (125) feet in height, except that where existing buildings are now equipped with stand pipes, the diameters may be three (3) and four (4) inches respectively, but the number of stand pipes must conform with the above require¬ ments. AIT stand pipes shall be of wrought iron or galvanized steel, and together with fittings and con¬ nections, shall be of such strength so as to safely with¬ stand three hundred (300) pounds of water pressure to the square inch when installed ready for service, with¬ out leaking at the joints, valves or fittings, and they Building Code 81 shall be located in such position in the building thab the fire within any room in the building will not over¬ heat the same, and where they are easily accessible in any public portion of the building. If placed in closets or shafts, the doors to the same shall not be locked. All stand pipes shall extend from the cellar to and through the roof, with a hose connection located from four (4) to six (6) feet above the floor level, fitted with approved straightway composition valves in each story, including the cellar; also, a hose connection provided above the roof, with the valve controlling the same lo¬ cated so. that it can be operated either from above or below the roof. A suitable three-quarters ( 24 ) of an inch drain pipe and valve shall be provided for drain¬ ing the connection above the roof. Hose sufficient to reach to all parts of the floor shall be attached to each outlet in the building, and hose for the roof hydrant shall be placed in the top floor near the scuttle leading to the roof. Such hose shall be at least two and one- half (2 y 2 ) inches in diameter, in fifty (50) foot lengths, and provided with standard couplings at each end; how- over, one (1) inch connections and hose in addition to the above is permitted. All couplings are to be the same hose threa'd as that in use by the Fire Depart¬ ment. Such hose shall be linen, cotton rubber lined, or rubber, and shall be approved by the Chief of the Fire Department. All hose shall be examined once a year and certified to by the Fire Department. All stand pipes shall be provided with a Siamese steamer con¬ nection located on the outside of the building and of easy access to the Fire Department. The inlet pipe shall not be less in diameter than the largest stand pipe. The Siamese steamer connection shall be provided with check valves in the Y and substantial brass or gun- metal caps provided to protect the thread on the con¬ nection. All portions of the Siamese connections or stand pipes that are in danger of freezing shall be pro¬ vided with a drip pipe and valve for the purpose of draining the same. In addition to the provisions for steamer connections to stand pipes, the water supply may be from city water where the pressure is sufficient, automatic fire pumps of five hundred (500) gallons or more per minute, elevated tank or steel pressure tank of not less than five thousand (5,000) gallons capacity. In all buildings coming under these regulations as to height, which are occupied for sleeping purposes, such as hotels, lodging houses, hospitals and asylums, the 82 Building Code stand-pipe system must have at least one (1) of the automatic supplies heretofore described. Where such stand pipe is connected to a tank, there shall be a straightway check valve in the horizontal section of the pipe, between the first hose outlet below the tank and the tank. Such tank must be filled by a separate pipe and not through the stand pipe, and where such tank is used for the house supply, the house supply shall ex¬ tend into the tank to such a height as will reserve not less than thirty-five hundred (3.500) gallons of water for fire purposes. Where pumps constitute a supply to stand pipes they shall be placed not less than two (2) feet above the floor level, and the boilers upon which the pumps depend shall be so arranged that the flooding of fires under the same will be impossible. Dry-cleaning buildings must be equipped with steam pipes running around the said building at the floor line, and also at the ceiling. From these steam pipes there shall be openings or jets set at least every twelve (12) inches from center to center, and to graduate in size from one-eighth (ks) to three-eighths (Fs) of an inch. This steam system shall be controlled by a valve located at least ten (10) feet outside of said dry- cleaning building. Section 458. Stand Pipes in Theaters. Stand pipes four (4) inches in diameter shall be pro¬ vided with hose attachments on every floor and gallery as follows: One on each side of the auditorium in each tier, also on each side of the stage in each tier, and at least one in the property-room and one in the carpenter shop if the same be contiguous to the build¬ ing. Ali such stand pipes shall be kept clear from obstructions. Stand pipes shall be separate and dis¬ tinct, receiving their supply of water direct from the power pump or pumps, and shall be fitted with the regu¬ lation couplings of the Fire Department, and shall be kept constantly filled with water by means of an auto¬ matic power pump or pumps of sufficient capacity to supply all the lines of hose operated simultaneously; and said pump or pumps shall be supplied from the street main and be ready for immediate use at all times during a performance in said building. A separate and distinct system of automatic sprinklers, with fusi¬ ble plugs, approved by the Commissioner of Buildings, supplied with water from a tank located on the roof over the stage, and not connected in any way with the stand pipes, shall be placed on each side of Building Code 83 the proscenium opening and on the ceiling or roof over the stage, at such intervals as will protect every square foot of stage surface when said sprinklers are in oper¬ ation. Automatic sprinklers shall also be placed where- ever practicable in the dressing room under the stage, and in the carpenter shop, paint rooms, store rooms and property rooms. A proper and sufficient quantity of two and one-half (2f4) inch hose, not less than one hundred (100) feet in length, fitted with the regulation couplings of the Fire Department, and with nozzles at¬ tached thereto, and with hose spanners at each outlet, shall always be kept attached to each hose attach¬ ment, as the Chief of the Fire Department may direct. Section 459. Fire Extinguishing Apparatus. There shall be kept in readiness for immediate use on every permanent stage, whether in theaters or else¬ where, at least two (2) casks full of water and two (2) buckets to each cask. Said casks and buckets shall be painted red. In theaters there shall also be provided at least four (4) axes, two twenty-five (25) foot hooks and two ten (10) foot hooks on each tier or floor of the stage. In every office building there shall be kept in readiness for immediate use in the cor¬ ridor in each story an approved fire extinguisher (not grenade), one for each 2,500 square feet or fraction thereof of floor surface on such floor. Section 460. Prohibited Hazards. In all buildings occupied as tenement houses, lodging houses, hotels, office buildings and buildings containing assembly halls and theaters, the following hazards shall be prohibited, viz.: (a) No such building or any part thereof, nor the lot upon which such building is situated shall be used as a place of storage, keeping or handling of any hazardous materials, such as fireworks, explosives, cel¬ lulose materials, or as a film exchange, or for gasoline or volatile substances, nor for the storage or handling of any article detrimental to life or health, nor for the storage or handling of feed, hay, straw, excelsior, cot¬ ton, paper stock, feathers or rags, nor shall any picture machine theater or public garage be operated or main¬ tained therein. (b) No bakery or any place of business in which fat is boiled shall be maintained in such building, un¬ less the same is either fireproof throughout or the ceil¬ ings and side walls of said place are made safe by 84 Building Code fireproof materials around the same. There shall be no openings, either by door or window, dumb-waiter, shafts or otherwise between said places where fat boil¬ ing is done and other parts of said building. (c) No place for the storage of any paint, oil, spirit¬ uous liquors or drugs shall be maintained therein, un¬ less all openings leading into halls from such portions where paints, oils, spirituous liquors or drugs are stored, are equipped with self-closing fireproof doors and unless all windows and transoms are stationary and fireproof. (d) No such building or any part thereof shall be used for manufacturing purposes of any kind employ¬ ing more than ten (10) people, unless such building or parts of such building used for manufacturing comply with the regulations for factories and workshops. Section 461. Waste paper, ashes, oil rags, waste rags, excelsior or any material of a similar hazardous nature shall not be accumulated in any cellar or any other portion of any building of any kind, and proper fireproof re¬ ceptacles shall be provided for such hazardous materials. Section 462. Local Hazards in Theaters. Every steam boiler for theaters, which may be re¬ quired for heating or other purposes, shall not be located under the auditorium or stage, and the space allotted to the same shall be inclosed with walls of masonry on all sides, and the ceiling of such space shall be constructed of fireproof materials. All door¬ ways in said walls shall have fireproof doors. No floor registers for heating shall be permitted. -No coil or radiator shall be placed in any aisle or passageway used as an exit, but all said coils and radiators shall be placed in recesses formed in the wall or partition to receive the same. All supply, return or exhaust pipes shall be properly incased and protected where passing through the floor or near woodwork. Section 463. Heating Furnaces and Boilers. Brick set boilers shall not be placed on any wood or combustible floor or beams. Wood or combustible floors and beams under and not less than three (3) feet in front and one (1) foot on the sides of all port¬ able boilers shall be protected by a brick foundation of three (3) courses of brickwork well laid in mortar on sheet iron. The middle course of brickwork shall be laid crosswise and with ventilating space within or Building Code 85 between the bricks of said middle course. Such sheet iron shall extend at least twenty-four (24) inches out¬ side of the foundation of the sides and 'fronts. Such boiler shall have a cast iron ash pan not less in width than the base of the boiler, and shall extend at least two (2) feet in front of it. All lath and plaster and wood ceilings and beams over and to a distance of not less than four (4) feet in front of all boilers shall be shielded with metal. Such shields shall have an air space of not less than one (1) inch between the metal and such ceilings or beams, and the distance from the top of the boiler to said shield shall be not less than twelve (12) inches and not less than twenty-four (24) inches from the smoke pipes that are more than twelve (12) inches in diameter and not less than eighteen (18) inches from smoke pipes that are less in diameter. No combustible partition shall be within four (4) feet of the sides and back, and six ^(6) feet from the front of any boiler unless such partition is covered with metal to a height of at least three (3) feet above the floor and extending at least five (5) feet in front of the boiler, and in no case shall any protected com¬ bustible partition be less than two (2) feet from the sides or five (5) feet from the front of the boiler. All power boilers of forty-five (45) horsepower and over shall have at least sixteen (16) feet of clear space in front of the same. All hot-air furnaces shall be placed not less than two (2) feet from any wood or combustible partitions and not less than two (2) feet from any unprotected ceiling and never less than one (l) foot from a protected ceiling. Protected ceilings shall be protected by a metal shield with an air space of at least one (1) inch between the metal and the ceiling. No hot-air furnace, heating boiler or dryer shall be set on wood floors. Section 464. Registers. All register boxes placed in any floor or combustible - partition shall be of metal with a flange on the top to fit the groove in the frame, the register to rest upon the same, and there shall be a space of at least two (2) inches between the register box and any woodwork. All hot-air pipes and ducts shall be of metal, and where placed in non-fireproof walls, partitions or floors shall be constructed of two (2) thicknesses with an air chamber, or covered with two (2) thicknesses of heavy asbestos paper and one-half (Vi) inch space between 86 Building Code the asbestos paper and woodwork. When not more than two (2) registers are connected to a furnace, at least one of them shad have no valve or slats. All steam and hot-water heating pipes passing through any non- fireproof. floors or partitions shall have metal collars with at least one-half ( J / 2 ) inch space all around the pipe. Section 465. Kitchen Ranges and Gas Stoves. No kitchen range, coal range or stove in any build¬ ing shall be placed less than six (6) inches from any protected woodwork or wood stud partition, and all coal stoves and ranges shall be set upon metal, brick, tile, cement or other approved incombustible material extending at least one (1) foot in front of the stove or range. All gas ranges having an air space of at least six (6) inches underneath the stove may be set directly on a wood floor. All gas stoves and heaters of any kind must have flue connections. No gas stove, gas range or gas heater shall be connected by rubber hose connections. All receptacles for ashes shall be of galvanized iron, brick or other incombustible mate¬ rial. In all cases where hot water, steam, hot air or other heating appliances or furnaces are placed in any building, or whether any flues or fireplaces are changed or enlarged, notice of such change shall be given to the Commissioner of Buildings by the person placing such heating appliances or making such changes in the building. All gas plates shall be placed in incombustible material. Section 466. Chimneys, Flues and Fireplaces. All smoke pipes and all breeching to all boilers, furnaces, stoves, ranges and fireplaces shall be properly connected with stacks or flues. All stacks and flues shall be built perfectly fireproof. All fireplaces and chimney breasts, where mantels are placed, shall have trimmer arches to support the hearths and shall not be less than twenty (20) inches in width from the face of the chimney breast, and shall be constructed of brick, stone, burnt clay or concrete, and shall be the length of the chimney breast. Hearths to gas grates, hereafter placed in existing buildings, shall be secured by iron strap arch bars. All wood centers for the trim¬ mer arches must be removed. No woodwork of any mantel shall be exposed back of the summer piece, and all summer pieces shall be of fireproof material, All Building Code 87 stacks and flues larger than seventeen (17) inches square, shall have all the joints on the inside of the flue struck full and flush. All flues less than seventeen (17) inches square shall have all joints made perfectly tight and shall be well pargeted, or burnt flue linings may be used. When the flue linings are used, they must be set up ahead of the brickwork, so that all joints are perfectly tight. All flues thirteen (13) inches square or less shall have at least four (4) inches of brickwork all around the flue, and all flues and stacks larger than thirteen (13) inches square must have at least nine (9) inches of brickwork around the flue. The backs of all fireplaces shall be at least nine (9) inches in thickness of solid brickwork, and if of stone, there must be at least four (4) inches of lining, but the backs between two (2) fireplaces may be four (4) inches thick. All grates set in fireplaces, also all gas grates installed in existing buildings, must be lined with at least two (2) inches of fire brick, in addition to the brickwork above mentioned, unless the linings are made of one piece of soap stone, tile or cast iron. No wood nailing blocks shall be built into the backs of fireplaces or within thirteen (13) inches of any flue. The brickwork for the smoke flues for low-pressure boilers, furnaces, bakers’ ovens, large cooking ranges, large laundry stoves, shall have four (4) inches of ad¬ ditional brickwork above specified all around the flue. For eight (8) feet above the inlet of the flue, the same shall be lined with fire brick. The walls of all flues used for high-pressure boilers shall not be less than twelve (12) inches all around the flue, and shall be lined with fire brick to a distance of twenty (20) feet above the inlet. All smoke flues for smelting furnaces and steam boilers, or other apparatus which heat the flues to a high temperature, shall have an air space be¬ tween the fire brick lining and the walls of the flues. All smoke flues shall extend at least four (4) feet above a flat roof and two (2) feet above the highest point of a peak roof. All chimneys shall have a water-proof coping on top of the same. In existing buildings, where it is desired to provide larger flues for any purpose than those within the building, such flues may be either erected in accordance with the foregoing provisions, or a stack may be placed on the outside of the building within.the lot lines, made of sheet metal of sufficient thickness best suited for its purpose, properly riveted together at all joints, and carried up to a height not less than ten (10) feet above the roof, and shall be 88 Building Code properly braced at intervals for its entire length, with flat iron bands secured with expansion bolts to the wall, leaving a free air space of not less than four (4) inches between the outside of the metal flue and the brick wall of the building. Such stack shall have a clean-out door at the bottom, and shall rest upon a suitable cast iron plate at the bottom, supported on a foundation of masonry. No smoke flue hereafter built shall be less than 8x8 inches, except flues for gas stoves and gas grates, which may be of less dimensions when made of pipe or tile- lined flues, but shall never be less than four (4) inches inside diameter. No chimney shall be started or built above a wood floor or beam, nor shall it be corbelled out more than eight (S’) inches from any wall, and such corbelling shall consist of at least five (5) courses of brick. All chimneys that may be dangerous in any manner whatever shall be repaired and made safe, or shall be taken down. Iron cupola chimneys of foun¬ dries shall extend at least ten (10) feet above the highest point of any roof within a radius of fifty (50) feet of such cupola, and be covered on top with a heavy wire netting, and capped with a suitable spark arrester. No woodwork shall be placed within two (2) feet of the cupola. In every tenement house there shall be at least one separate flue for each apartment, unless the building is heated by a central plant. In buildings not originally constructed for tenement houses, but here¬ after altered and converted for tenement house pur¬ poses, such flues and chimneys must be provided and so constructed as to be' safe from transmission of fire, as may be approved by the Commissioner of Buildings. No smoke pipes in any building shall be run through the floors and partitions. Flues hereafter built for natural gas burners shall be of salt-glazed vitrified earthenware, having tight mortar joints, except that in existing buildings where gas grates are installed, wrought iron pipe may be used, but must be protected from any woodwork. Section 467. Fire Walls. No floor area subdivided by brick walls in any tene¬ ment house shall be greater than twenty-five hundred (2,500) square feet. No floor area subdivided by brick walls in any stores, warehouses or factories, more than two (2) stories in height, shall be greater than ten thousand (10,000) square feet, -except in fireproof buildings, where such areas may be fifteen thousand Building Code 89 (15,000) square feet, and in sprinkled fireproof build¬ ings, twenty thousand (20,000) square feet. All ex¬ terior walls of all stores, warehouses and factories within thirty (30) feet of any other building, and all party and subdividing fire walls of stores, warehouses and factories, shall extend three (3_) 'feet above the surface of their roofs. When the adjoining roof is less than three (3) feet above the roof of such store, ware¬ house or factory, such walls shall be carried up three (3) feet above the surface of the adjoining roof. All walls on party lines of all other buildings shall extend two (2) feet above, other roofs. All cornices shall be provided with fireproof ends or fire stops, and all fire walls shall be extended to the outer edge of the cor¬ nice with fireproofing material at least eight (8) inches above the surface of the roof or gutter or cornice covering. Section 468. Wells. (a) Wells that occur in two or more consecutive floors in existing buildings shall be inclosed with fire¬ proof walls or fireproof partitions and automatic fire¬ proof doors and windows. The street story of such wells may be left open, but there shall be no open well or stair from the stories below such street story. (b) There shall be no open wells hereafter con¬ structed in any building, whether now existing or hereafter built. Section 469. Proscenium Wall in Theaters. 0 The stage shall be separated from the auditorium by a fire wall built of brick or concrete extending at least four (4) feet above the stage roof or the audi¬ torium roof, if the same is higher, and shall be prop¬ erly coped. Above the proscenium opening there shall be a steel or concrete girder of sufficient strength to safely support the load above, and the same shall be thoroughly fireproofed. The molded frame around the proscenium opening shall be formed of fireproof mate¬ rials. and if metal is used the same shall be filled in solidly with non-combustible material, and shall be securely anchored to the wall with iron. Section 470. Curtain in Theaters. The proscenium opening shall be provided with a fireproofed metal curtain, or a curtain of asbestos or other fireproof material, approved by the Commissioner of Buildings, sliding at each end within iron grooves, 90 Building Code securely fastened to the brick or concrete wall, and extending into such grooves to a depth of not less than six (6) inches on each side of the opening. Said fireproof curtain shall be operated by approved machin¬ ery for that purpose. The proscenium curtains shall be placed at least three (3) feet distant from the foot¬ lights at the nearest point. No doorway or opening through the proscenium wall from the auditorium shall be allowed above the level of the first floor, and such first floor openings shall have fireproof doors which shall be hung so as to be opened from either side at all times. ^Section 470-1. Every person, firm or corporation using a stage for the exhibition of moving pictures, or for other purposes, whereon there is movable scenery and an asbestos curtain, and other accessories pertain¬ ing to the working of a theatrical performance, shall place in charge thereof at least one (1) competent per¬ son to take charge of said stage. Section 470-2. The penalty provided by Section 576 of the Code of Ordinances shall apply to any violation or violations of the provisions of Section 470-1. Section 471. Property Rooms in Theaters. No workshop, storage or general property rooms shall be allowed above the auditorium or stage- or under the same, or in any of the fly-galleries. "All of said rooms or shops may be located in the rear or at the side of the stage, but in such cases they shall be sepa¬ rated from the stage by a brick or concrete wall, and the openings leading into said portions shall have fire¬ proof doors hung on each side of the openings, hung to iron eyes built into the wall. Section 472. Skylights Over the Stage in The¬ aters. There shall be provided over the stage metal sky¬ lights of an area or combined area of at least one- twelfth (1-12) the area of said stage, fitted with slid¬ ing sash and glazed with sheet glass not exceeding one-eighth (%) of an inch thick, and each pane there¬ of measuring not less than three hundred (300) square inches, and the whole of which skylight shall be con¬ structed so as to open instantly on the cutting or burn¬ ing of a hempen cord which shall be arranged to hold *As ordained by Ordinance No. 599-15, passed No¬ vember 9, 1915. Building Code 91 said skylight closed, or some other equally simple ap¬ proved device for opening them may be provided. Im¬ mediately underneath the glass of said skylight there shall be a wire netting. Section 473.* Fly Galleries in Theaters. All portion of the stage not comprised in the work¬ ing of machinery, traps and other mechanical appa¬ ratus for the presentation of a scene, usually equal to the width of the proscenium openings, shall be built of fireproof construction. The fly-galleries entire, includ¬ ing pin-rails, shall be constructed of iron or steel, and the floors of said galleries shall be composed of iron or steel beams, and no wood boards or sleepers shall be used as a covering over beams, but the said floors shall be entirely fireproof. The rigging loft must also be fireproof. Section 474. Special Fireproofing in Theaters. All stage scenery, curtains and decorations made of combustible material, and all woodwork on or about the stage, shall be painted^r saturated with some non¬ combustible material or otherwise rendered safe against fire, and the finishing coat of paint applied to all wood¬ work throughout the building shall be of such kind as will resist fire to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Buildings. Section 475. D ressing-Rooms in Theaters. Dressing rooms may be placed in the fly-galleries, provided that proper exits are secured therefrom to fire escapes in the open spaces, and that the partitions and other matters pertaining to dressing rooms shall conform with the requirements herein contained, and the stairs leading to the same shall be fireproof. All dressing rooms shall have an independent exit lead¬ ing directly to the open space or street, and shall be ventilated by windows in the external wall, and no dressing room shall be more than one (1) story below the street level. All windows shall be arranged to open, and none of the windows in the outside walls shall have fixed sashes, grilles or bars. All shelving and cupboards in each and every dressing room, prop¬ erty room or other storage room shall be constructed of metal, slate or some other fireproof material. Section 476. Lighting in Theaters. Every portion of the building devoted to the uses and accommodation of the public, also the outlets lead- 92 Building Code ing to the streets, and including the open spaces and corridors, shall be well and properly lighted during every performance, and the same shall remain lighted until the entire audience has left the premises. All gas or electric lights in the halls, corridors, lobby or any other part of said building used by the audi¬ ence, except the auditorium, must be controlled by a separate shut-off, located in the lobby, and controlled only in that particular place. Gas mains supplying the building shall have independent connections for the auditorium and the stage, and provision shall be made for shutting off the gas from the outside of the build¬ ing. When interior gaslights are not lighted by elec¬ tricity, other suitable appliances approved by the Com¬ missioner of Buildings shall be provided. All sus¬ pended or bracket lights surrounded by glass in the auditorium or in any part of the building devoted to the public, shall be provided with proper wire netting underneath. No gas or electric light shall be inserted in the walls, woodwork, ceilings or in any part of the building unless protected by fireproof material. All lights in passages and corridors in said buildings, and wherever deemed necessary by the Commissioner of Buildings, shall be protected with proper wire network. The footlights, in addition to the wire network, shall be protected with a strong wire guard and chain, placed not less than two (2) feet distant from said footlights, and the trough containing said footlights shall be formed of and surrounded by fireproof materials. All border lights shall be constructed according to the best-known methods and subjected to the approval of the Commis¬ sioner of Buildings, and shall be suspended for ten ( 10 ) feet with wire rope. All ducts or shafts used for con¬ ducting heated air from the main chandelier, or from any other light or lights, shall be constructed of metal and made double, with an air space between. All stage lights shall have strong metal wire guards or screens not less than ten (10) inches in diameter, so constructed that any material in contact therewith shall be out of reach of the flames of said stage lights, and must be soldered to the fixture in all cases. Section 477. Fire Department. The proper operation of all stand pipes, gas pipes, electric wires, hose, footlights and all apparatus for the extinguishing of fire or guarding against the same, as herein specified, shall be in charge and under control Building Code 9:* of the Fire Department, and the Director of Public Safety, is hereby directed to see that the arrangements in respect thereto are carried out and enforced. Section 478. Electric Wiring. Electric wiring hereafter installed in all fireproof buildings shall be run in iron conduits, and all electric wiring in all other buildings must be properly insulated with porcelain insulators, and in no case shall they come in contact with any soil pipes, water or heating pipes. All outlet boxes and switch boxes shall be of metal, and all cabinet boxes shall be of metal and slate. All wires and wiring must be of the proper gauge for the purpose for which it is intended to be used without overloading, and all wiring must conform with the Na¬ tional Electric Code. The lighting in dry-cleaning buildings must be done by electricity in the most approved manner, the wires to be run in conduits, the bulbs to be hung in vapor- proof receptacles, and all keys and switches to be out¬ side of said building. Movable incandescent lights in a garage shall be protected by vapor-tight globes, inclosed in approved metal guards, and shall be fitted with key¬ less sockets; and all electric switches and cut-outs shall be permanently located at least four (4) feet above the floor and in an approved cabinet. Section 479. Gas Piping and Fixtures. All gas piping in any building shall be in accord¬ ance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the local gas and electric company, which rules and regu¬ lations are hereby made a part of the requirements of this code. All gas pipe shall be perfectly tight and tested before the floors are laid or covered with lath or plaster. The installation of gas pipe shall be sub¬ ject to the approval of the Commissioner of Build¬ ings. No gas pipe shall be let into wood beams or cut into the other structural portions of the house so as to unduly weaken the same. All gas brackets shall be placed at least three (3) feet below any ceiling or woodwork, unless the same is properly protected by a shield, in which case the distance shall never be less than eighteen (18) inches. No gas bracket on any lathed or plastered partition or woodwork shall be less than five (5) inches in length, and all swinging gas brackets shall be provided with stops to prevent them from swinging within five (5) inches of any wood- 94 Building Code work. No gas brackets shall be placed near window curtains or inflammable materials. Section 480. Dry-Cleaning Business. It shad be unlawful for any person, persons, firm or corporation to carry on the dry-cleaning business, as defined in Section 352-15 of this code, in the City of Cincinnati, without complying with the regulations here- inbelow set forth, and in Sections 457 and 478 herein. (a) No storage or dry-cleaning building shall be placed, installed, constructed or maintained until an application for permission to do so, with plans and spec¬ ifications showing full details of location, construction and connections, have been filed with and approved by the Commissioner of Buildings. Upon the filing of ever)' such application the applicant shall pay to the said Commissioner a filing and inspection fee of two dollars. (b) No such business as defined in said section 352- 15, shall be carried on except in a fireproof building, not more than one story high, with no basement be¬ neath it; which building 'must be of brick laid in cement mortar, iron, stone or concrete construction, with no openings closer to any other building than fifty (50) feet. The doors of said building must be of the most improved pattern of automatic fire doors on sliding rails, and the frames and sash of all windows shall be of metal and glazed with wire glass, or pro¬ tected by fireproof automatic shutters. The floors of said building shall be of cement construction, having a fall in all directions to a gutter, which gutter shall be of a capacity equal to carry off twice the amount of liquids used in said building. The walls shall have vent holes at the floor line not less than ten (10) inches, and not more than six (6) feet apart from center to center, properly protected by iron bars or other im¬ proved means of ventilation. In order to further ven¬ tilate said building an exhaust fan shall be set in the wall close to the floor, which is of a size sufficient to change the air of the building every three minutes, and said fan shall be in operation at all times during the use of said building. (c) It shall be unlawful to heat said buildings by any other method than hot water or steam; or to locate, have, use or maintain a steam-generating boiler, dyna¬ mo or motor within the walls of any such dry-cleaning building, or in any other building adjacent nearer than ten (10) feet, and. there shall be no sewer connection from said building. Building Code 95 (d) All volatile substances shall be stored in closed tanks, and no storage tanks shall be placed, constructed, or maintained under a public sidewalk or in a sidewalk area. (e) All storage tanks shall be constructed of steel and coated on the outside with tar, or other rust- resisting material. The material, of all tanks shall be at least three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch thick. No tank shall have a capacity in excess of 250 gallons; all joints must be tightly caulked. All pipes connected with the tank shall be at the top thereof; all tanks must be so buried that no part of the top thereof shall be less than two (2) feet beneath the surface of the ground, at the point where the tank is located; all tanks must be completely cased and surrounded with twelve (12) inches of Portland cement concrete, well tamped in place. (f) All storage tanks must be provided with a vent pipe; the vent pipe shall be made of one-inch or larger wrought iron or steel pipe, galvanized, with heavy cast iron fittings and screw joints made with litharge and glycerine; it must be connected with the top of the tank. All pipes must be provided at the top with a screening of thirty-mesh brass wire, with goose-neck attachments; all vent pipes must be carried to the outer air, well braced in position and extended two (2) feet above the roof of all buildings within a radius of fifty (50) feet thereof. (g) No volatile substances shall be used for cleaning purposes only in closed machines, and must be conveyed from the tanks to the machines only in pipes by the use of pumps or syphons properly controlled by valves, and it shall be unlawful to handle oil between machine and tank, or vice versa, in any other way. (h) It shall be unlawful to carry, store or settle any of said volatile substances in open vessels or tanks. (i) It shall be unlawful to carry more than five hun¬ dred (500) gallons of said volatile substances on hand at any one time, and then only under the conditions above specified in this title. (j) All tanks must be provided with a filling pipe; the filling pipe shall be made of two-inch, or larger, steel pipe, galvanized, with heavy cast-iron fittings and screw joints made with litharge and'glycerine, and no unions or flange connections shall be permitted; the filling pipe shall be provided with two (2) screens of thirty-mesh brass wire, placed one at or near the tank 96 Building Code connection and one just below the tilling cock or valve; the tilling pipe shall be closed at intake by a filling cock or valve, the opening of which shall be closed by a screw cap when not in use; the filling pipe shall connect with the top and extend down to the bottom of the tank, and shall be laid at a uniform grade, so that it will drain entirely into the tank; the intake end of the filling pipe shall not be within any building, and shall termi¬ nate in a covered box of heavy iron, same to be the level of the ground, to be kept locked when not in use. (k) Dry-rooms may be located outside of the said dry-cleaning building, and shall have a six-inch vent opening into the atmosphere for each two hundred and fifty-six (256) feet of cubic space, or fraction thereof; said vent pipes shall be carried up to height of two (2) feet above the roof of any building within a radius of fifty (50) feet thereof. (l) Any person, firm or corporation that now have, or shall establish, or carry on a dry-cleaning business in violation of any of the provisions of Sections 480-a- b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j-k shall, on conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than ten ($10) dollars nor more than fifty (50) dollars for each day’s continuance in said business, and the cost of prosecution. Section 481. Public Garages. Public garages shall be fireproof buildings, and all existing garages must be made at least slow-burning and have fireproof floors where vehicles are placed, and in other respects they shall conform with the fol¬ lowing provisions: All public garages shall be en¬ tirely separated by solid walls of brick or concrete from any and all portions of such building used for any other purpose. Heating must be done by steam or hot water. The boiler-room and any room where electric charging apparatus is used must be fireproof, and all openings between such rooms and other parts of the garage shall be protected by automatic double fire¬ proof doors on each side of the wall; no stoves, forges, torches or furnaces, and no open flame fire except as provided in fireproof boiler-room, no lights except elec¬ tric incandescent lights, properly inclosed in vapor- tight globes, protected by approved wire guards, shall be used or allowed in any garage. All fire and lights on vehicles or under the boilers thereof shall be ex¬ tinguished upon the entry of such vehicles into the garage within ten (10) feet of the threshold, and shall not be lighted while the same is in the Building Code 97 garage until the vehicle is brought within ten (10) feet of the threshold of the exit. No person shall smoke in any garage. A notice in large letters, “NO SMOKING/’ shall be kept displayed in a con¬ spicuous place and manner on all floors and at the en¬ trance of all garages. On the floor of every garage there shall be constantly kept and maintained con¬ venient receptacles filled with sand, to.be used in ab¬ sorbing waste oils on the floors. In addition thereto, sand shall be kept on every floor in boxes or buckets of approved construction, provided with hand scoops, to be used for fire extinguishing purposes only; one such box or bucket for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of floor area or fraction thereof. One three (3) gallon carbonic acid gas fire extinguisher of approved construction shall be provided and conve¬ niently located for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of floor space or fraction thereof. Self-closing metal cans, set firmly on four (4) inch legs, shall be kept on all floors of every garage into which all inflam¬ mable waste materials shall be deposited. Calcium car¬ bide shall be kept in air-tight receptacles at least six (6) inches above the floor in an air-tight container provided with a securely fastened cover; if there be a boiler compartment, the container shall be located within the same. \ *Section 482. Storage and Handling of Volatile Substances. All volatile substances used in public garages and automobile filling stations shall be stored in closed tanks as follows : All tanks shall be of steel, coated on the outside with tar or other rust-resisting material, and all joints shall be tightly corked or soldered. The thickness of the material shall be as set forth in the following table : Gallons Minimum Thickness of Capacity Each Material 1 to 30.18 gauge 31 to 350. 16 gauge 351 to 1,000 . 14 gauge 1,001 to 3,000 . 10 gauge 3,001 to 5,000 . 7 gauge 5,001 to 10,000 . T 4 inch 10,001 to 20.000 . .. :. 5 /i6 inch 20,001 to 30,000 .inch *As amended by Ordinance No. 335-16, passed Au¬ gust 1, 1916. 98 Building Code All tanks shall be set on a firm foundation, and shall be completely cased and surrounded with six (6) inches of waterproof Portland cement concrete, well tamped in place, and shall be located underground, so that the top of the tank shall be at least three (3) feet below the surface of the ground and below the level of the lowest pipe in the building to be supplied. All pipes connected with the tank shall be at the top thereof. Tanks may be permitted underneath a building if buried at least three (3) feet below the lowest floor. Tank may have a test well, provided test well extends to near bottom of tank, and top end shall be hermetically sealed and locked except when necessarily open. When tank is located.underneath a building the test well shall extend at least twelve (12) feet above the source of supply. The limit of storage permitted shall depend upon the location of tanks with respect to the building to be sup¬ plied and adjacent buildings as follows : (a) Unlimited capacity if lower than any floor, basement, cellar or pit in any building within a radius of fifty (50) feet. (b) Twenty thousand (20,000) gallons total ca¬ pacity if lower than any floor, basement, cellar .or pit in any building within a radius of thirty (30) feet. (c) Five thousand (5,000) gallons total capacity if lower than any floor, basement, cellar or pit in any building within twenty (20) feet radius. (d) Three thousand (3,000) gallons total capacity if lower than any floor, basement, cellar or pit in any building within fifteen (15) feet radius. (e) One thousand five hundred (1.500) gallons total capacity if lower than any floor, basement, cellar or pit in any building within ten (10) feet radius. (f) Five hundred (500) gallons total capacity if not lower than every floor, basement, cellar or pit in any building within ten (10) feet. No more than ten (10) gallons of volatile substance shall be kept in vessels in a garage, and then only in approved safety cans constructed of metal, self-closing, and of a capacity of not more than five (5) gallons each. When not in use the said cans must be placed and kept in drip cans, and in garages maintaining a pumphouse must be placed therein. In lieu of the above described safety cans portable filling tanks of approved construction, not to exceed fifty (50) gallons in capacity, may be used for transporting volatile sub¬ stances to and from the storage tanks for filling and Building Code 99 charging vehicles. The said portable tanks shall be supported on rubber-tired wheels and shall be provided with a rubber hose attachment not to exceed eight (8) feet in length, equipped at the end with shut-off valve with ground key. No volatile substance shall be used in a garage for cleaning or for any other purpose what-' soever than filling tanks of such vehicles. No such substance shall be allowed to run upon the floor or to fall or pass into the drainage system of the garage; nor shall any of such substance be put into or removed from the tank of the vehicle while any light or fire on same is burning, and no such substance shall be carried or kept in open vessels in any garage. Section 483. Storage of Oils, etc. Buildings for the storage and handling of oils, petroleum, crude petroleum, gasoline, naphtha, benzine, camphine, carbon oil, spirit gas, burning fluid, spirits of turpentine, or coal, rock or earth oil, except oils that will stand a fire test of 150 degrees or more in the open air, shall be used for such purposes only. Such buildings shall be fireproof. All such oils, in larger quantities than twenty-five (25) gallon cans, shall be stored in closed tanks. Such tanks shall either be entirely buried and incased in concrete, or they shall each be surrounded completely by a room having a cubic contents twenty-five (25) per cent greater than the capacity of the tank. The walls of such rooms shall be constructed of brick and Portland cement or of concrete, and have concrete floors; the walls and floors are to be perfectly water and oil tight. Such room shall be closed on top and provided with a suitable vent covered with a fine screen sufficient to exclude all sparks. The walls and screens shall be at least three (3) feet higher than the top of the tanks. No oils shall be drained into the sewer, and the draining of all spaces in the building shall be through a grease trap or cistern. Such cistern shall have a capacity above its outlet equal to the largest tank in the building, and drains to all places in such building shall have valves. ""Section 484. Motion Picture Machines. The term “Motion Picture Machine” includes any machine or device adapted or used to project upon a screen or other surface pictures portraying motion, *As amended by Ordinance No. G78-12, passed De¬ cember 10, 1912. 100 Building Code and apparatus utilizing the principles of optical pro¬ jection using lantern slides, films or transparencies consisting of materials other than glass. ' • . > Sec. 484a. Every moving-picture machine shall be in charge of and operated by a competent and licensed operator. Whenever the Commissioner of Buildings shall become satisfied that the operator is incompetent or disqualified, for any cause, he shall order him to discontinue the operation of such moving picture ma¬ chine, and may require the owner or person managing or controlling the moving picture machine to replace the said operator .by a competent licensed operator. *Sec. 484b. There is hereby created a Board of Examiners, whose duty it shall be to examine operators of moving picture machines. The said board shall consist of an electrician, the owner of a motion picture theater, a practical journeyman moving picture machine operator and the Commissioner of Buildings, who shall be an ex-officio member of such examining board and serve without compensation. The other members shall be appointed by the Mayor for a term coincident with his own, and each member shall receive the sum of five ($5.00) dollars for each examination conducted by them, but such compensation shall not exceed the sum of ten ($10.00) dollars per month for each of said ap¬ pointed members. *Sec, 484b-l. Except as hereinafter provided, any person desiring to follow, engage in or work at the oc¬ cupation of operating moving picture machines in this city shall make application to the Board of Examiners, and deposit with his application a fee of two ($2.00) dollars, after which he shall be examined by the Board of Examiners as to his knowledge of electricity and wiring in so far as they pertain to moving pictures, also as to the applicant's knowledge of the operation and mechanism of moving picture machines and the re¬ pair of films and the prevention of combustion and the mechanism of the booth. Sec. 484b-2. The applicants for said examination shall be known and designated by sealed numbers, promiscuously distributed by said Board of Examiners, so that the names of the respective applicants may not be known to the examiners, which numbers are to be indorsed upon the answers to the questions sub- *As amended by Ordinance No. 106-15, passed Feb¬ ruary 9, 1915. Building Code 1(H mitted. If the board, upon request of an applicant, find the applicant to be unable to express himself in writing, he shall have the questions propounded to him by a stenographer, designated by the board, who shall take down and write out his answers at the applicant's expense. The board shall also examine each applicant by having him make a practical demonstration of his ability and knowledge of the aforesaid subjects in a moving-picture booth. Sec. 484b-3. Upon the percentage of the respective applicants so designated by numbers being determined, the applicant shall surrender said number and be en¬ titled to credit for the average and percentage thus obtained. Those receiving a grade of 70 per cent, or more, on the written and practical examination combin¬ ed shall each be entitled to a license. Sec. 484b-4. Examinations shall be held at least once a month upon a stated day, and oftener if the board so determine; and the board shall, upon appli¬ cation of three or more candidates, hold an examination within two weeks thereafter. Sec. 484b-5. Any person who has had one year of actual experience as a moving-picture machine operator shall, upon satisfactory proof of such fact to the Com¬ missioner of Buildings, be entitled to a certificate; and upon presentation of said certificate to the City Auditor said applicant shall be granted a temporary license good only until the next ensuing examination is held by the board. Sec. 484b-6. Any person who has passed an ade¬ quate examination by properly constituted authorities in any other city or State, who* has had six months’ actual experience as a moving-picture operator, shall, upon satisfactory proof of such fact to the Commis¬ sioner of Buildings, receive a proper certificate, and upon presentation of said certificate to the City Auditor said applicant shall be granted a temporary license good only until the next ensuing examination is held by the board. Sec. 484b-7. If an applicant passes a satisfactory ex¬ amination, the Board of Examiners shall so certify to the Commissioner of Buildings, and the said Commis¬ sioner of Buildings shall issue to said applicant a cer¬ tificate of such fact; and upon presentation of such a certificate to the City Auditor said applicant shall be granted a license. 102 Building Code Sec. 484b-8. No license shall be issued except upon the certificate of the Commissioner of Buildings, and all licenses shall be of the date of February 1st, re¬ newable annually, and the said license shall authorize the applicant to engage in the business herein described, and each applicant shall pay the sum of -$1.C0 for the first license and $1.00 for each renewal thereof. *Sec. 484b-9. Any person holding a license as here¬ in provided shall be entitled to a renewal without fur¬ ther examination or certificate from the Commissioner of Buildings, and the Auditor shall be entitled to a fee of one ($1.00) dollar for each renewal. Sec. 484b-10. Any person who has taken the exami¬ nation before said board as hereinbefore provided, and failed to pass, may, by notifying said board in writ¬ ing within five days thereafter and with the consent of at least one of said board, have the record questions and answers certified to the Director of Public Safety, and appeal said cause. Thereupon the Director of Pub¬ lic Safety shall go over said papers and records within one week thereafter, and if he shall find that said ap¬ plicant should have passed he shall so notify said board; and thereupon said applicant shall have the same rights, certificates and license as if originally passed by said Board of Examiners. Sec. 484b-ll. All moneys derived from the exami¬ nation of applicants and the issuance of licenses and renewals thereof herein provided shall be deposited to the credit of the General Fund, and no person shall follow, engage in or work at the occupation of operating such moving-picture machines until he shall have first procured the license herein provided. Sec. 484b-12. Any person operating a moving-pic¬ ture machine without first complying with the terms of this, ordinance shall be fined $10.00, and each day upon which such operation shall occur shall be held to constitute a separate offense. jSec. 484c. Mechanism of Moving Picture Ma¬ chines. The mechanism shall be so constructed that a straight line drawn from any point on the surface of the out- *As amended by Ordinance No. 1C6-15, passed Feb¬ ruary 9, 1915. JAs ordained by Ordinance No. 678-12, passed De¬ cember 10, 1912.. Building Code 103 side condenser to any point on that portion of the film exposed between the rollers of the lower and the upper magazine, except that portion of the film lying at the aperture plate, shall pass through metal of at least No. 928 Brown & Sharpe gauge. All machines shall be provided with metallic lire shutter that shall remain closed covering that portion of the film lying at the aperture plate at all times when the crank of the machine is not being rotated at a num¬ ber of revolutions that shall cause the film to pass through the mechanism at a speed of more than thirty (30) feet per minute. The operation of said shutter shall be controlled by a proper mechanical device. The shutter shall close automatically when the period of revolution of the crank shall fall below that period of revolution provided for the opening of the shutter. Mechanism shall be provided with two substantially constructed magazines or metallic cases to contain the film during the process of projection, and said maga¬ zines shall be provided with doors or covers overlapping at least one-quarter (%) inch, having spring hinges holding, or so .designed as to hold, said doors or covers normally closed, and no fittings or appliances shall he attached to said magazines for the purpose of holding the door open, or that may be used to secure the door in an open position. The doors of all magazines shall be provided with a latch to secure them in a closed position. In the cir¬ cumference of each magazine there shall be provided a single outlet for the film constructed in such manner that the film shall pass between the metallic rollers, said rollers to be arranged so that they are in contact with the film while same is passing through. The operation of these rollers shall be such that a piece of film placed in normal position between the rol¬ lers may be ignited and all combustion shall be extin¬ guished when the flame reaches the rollers. *Sec. 484d. Lamp House for Moving Picture Ma¬ chines. The lamp house shall he constructed of not less than No. 28 gauge sheet metal reinforced to procure suitable rigidity. The lamp shall he provided with sufficient ventilating openings to permit a circulation of air that shall prevent undue heating. *As ordained by Ordinance No. 078-12, passed* De¬ cember 10, 1912. 104 Building Code All direct ventilating openings in the lamp house other than doors inside shall be covered with metallic screens of a mesh not greater than one-sixteenth (1-16) of an inch. The lamp house shall be constructed in such a man¬ ner that the back thereof is entirely closed. Said back may be removable, but shall be in place at all times when the machine is in operation. 1 he lamp house shall be so constructed that the top can not be removed, and the said top shall be formed integral with one wall, one side or one end of tli# lamp house, and shall be secured in place by rivets. There may be a door provided for access to the light, in either one or two sides of the lamp house. There shall be no openings in the lamp house on the end through which the light is projected other than the opening through which the light passes to the con¬ denser lenses. Holes in the lamp house through which electric wires leading to the lamp pass shall be provided with bush¬ ings of porcelain or other approved material. There shall be provided a metallic shutter permitting instant and complete interruption of the projected beam of light, placed as near as practicable in front of the condenser lenses. The lamp shall be constructed in such a manner that it shall not he possible to bring the carbons or the current-carrying parts of the lamp in contact with ap¬ portion of the lamp house, and neither the support for the lamp or any portion of the lamp house shall form part of electrical circuit. The electric wires connecting moving picture ma¬ chines to source of supply shall have asbestos or other approved insulation ; all connecting wires shall be pro¬ vided with metallic terminals attached without the use of solder. . Mechanism and all parts of the motion picture ma¬ chine proper shall be securelv attached to the stand. Said stand shall be constructed in a substantial manner, assuring rigidity. There shall be provided means to per¬ mit securely attaching the stand to the floor of the oper¬ ating room, and said stand shall be so attached in all permanent installations. The legs of the stand shall be of metal, and there shall be no combustible material used in the construction of the stand. *As ordained by Ordinance No. 678-12, passed De¬ cember 10, 1912. Building Code 105 *Sec. 484e. Construction of Operating 1 Room. Ever}' motion picture machine, before being operated, shall be installed in a room constructed as hereinafter provided. In no case shall said room be less than seven (7) feet high. No operating room shall be constructed having a floor area of less than thirty (30) square feet or being less than five (5) feet wide and six (6) feet long. There shall not be installed in any operating room having a floor area of less than forty-eight (48) square feet or being less than six (6) feet wide and eight (8) feet long, more than one (1) picture machine, one (1) stereopticon and one (1) spot light. In no case shall there be installed more than three (3) arc lights within operating rooms having an area of less than forty-eight (48) square feet. In operating rooms hav¬ ing a greater floor area than forty-eight (48) square feet there shall be provided an additional floor area of fifteen (15) square feet for each motion picture ma¬ chine, stereopticon, spot light or arc light installed in addition to the three arc lights previously provided for. -The operating room shall be constructed of brick, concrete, hollow tile, asbestos building lumber, sheet iron or steel. Operating rooms consisting of brick shall have walls not less than eight (8) inches in thickness. The floor of said brick constructed operating room shall be a concrete slab of not less than three (3) inches in thickness, or may be constructed of tile or brick in cement mortar. The ceiling of the brick constructed operating room shall be constructed of either a cement slab of not less than three (3) inches in thickness or other incombustible material of equal strength and dur¬ ability. The walls of the operating rooms may he constructed of hollow tile, but in no case must thickness of hollow tile walls be less than four (4) inches. The floor and ceiling of hollow tile operating rooms must be of the same construction as for brick oper¬ ating rooms. The walls of the operating room may be constructed of concrete, but in no case shall the concrete walls be less than three (3) inches in thick¬ ness. The ceiling and floor of concrete operating rooms shall be constructed the same as for the brick con¬ struction. Operating rooms built of asbestos boards shall he constructed in accordance with the following *As ordained by Ordinance No. 078-12, passed De¬ cember 10, 1012. 106 Building Code provisions : Angles or T irons forming the frame work shall be in no case less than IYY'^Ya'^YY' ■ Angle irons for door frames to be not less than l"xl"x}4". Steel frames shall be rigidly constructed, using gusset plates at joints not less than three-sixteenths (3-16) inch in thickness, secured with at least two (2) rivets or bolts not less than one-quarter (BO inch in diameter. As¬ bestos building lumber (asbestos mill boards shall not be used) of not less than Y" thickness shall be secured to said T or angle iron frames by not less than BO bolts placed not more than 6" center to center along the line of the steel frame. Said panels of asbestos lumber shall not be more than l'-2" in width. There shall be provided, to cover all horizontal joints in said asbestos building lumber panels, a batton strip of not less than S'kxBO steel securely bolted to said asbestos lumber with bolts not less than BO i n diameter, spaced at not less than 3" from center to center. *Sec. 484f. Steel or Iron Operating Rooms. Steel operating rooms shall be constructed of not less than No. 20 gauge galvanized iron or steel. The frame shall be constructed of either angle irons or T irons of not less than the dimensions of l"xl"xb8 r/ - Sides and ceilings of said steel operating rooms shad be reinforced of either angle irons or T irons spaced not more than 12'' center to center. Floor of said steel or iron operating rooms shall be constructed the same as the sides and ceilings, with the exception that the reinforcing angles may be omitted; provided, how¬ ever, that the said floor shall rest on another floor of sufficient strength to assure a solid bearing for said sheet-metal floor. The floor of steel or iron operating rooms shall be covered with asbestos building lumber Yi" thick, o r 2" slab of concrete, or equivalent fire¬ proof material. The door of said operating room shall be constructed on a rigid frame of not less than l"xl"xB$ r/ ,.angles diagonally braced, and the jamb and sills of said door shall be of not less than IBi xlBT'x- J /s" angles. The door shall be covered with galvan¬ ized iron or steel not less than No. 20 gauge, and said covering shall extend not less than three (3) inches over the jambs and head of said door. Iron or steel operating rooms shall have not less than two (2) feet clear space from all combustible material, *As ordained by Ordinance Nq. 678-12, passed De¬ cember 10, 1912. Building Code 107 or when such clear space is not practicable said oper¬ ating rooms shall be covered on the outside with as¬ bestos board not less than one-half (J4) inch thick, or o'ther fireproof material on sides, top or portions thereof where the space is less than two (2) feet. *Sec. 484g. Openings in Operating Rooms. The openings in all operating rooms shall be con¬ structed in accordance with the following provisions, and there shall be no openings in said operating rooms other than those specifically provided for herein. There shall not be more than one (l) means of en¬ trance to any operating room, which entrance shall not exceed the dimensions of 2' wide and 5' high; said en¬ trance shall be constructed in accordance with provi¬ sions for doors of sheet metal operating room or may be constructed of asbestos board of not less than ^4" thickness, constructed on frame as provided for door of iron or steel operating rooms. Said door shall be swung on two hinges, and shall be provided with a spring or appliance operated by gravity that shall hold the door normally closed at all times, and said spring or device shall be of sufficient strength to operate the latch for the door as hereinafter provided. Latches for operating room doors shall be two (2) in number, one to be 12" from the top of the door and one 12" from the bottom of the door. Said latches shall be connected with one another so that the operation shall be uniform and a single movement shall operate both latches. Both latches shall automatically catch and secure the door in a closed position. Entrance doors of operating room shall, in all in¬ stallations where practicable, be located in that side of the operating room opposite the side through which the picture is projected. When doors are situated in sides adjacent to side through which picture is pro¬ jected, the hinges shall be on that side of the doors near the side through which the picture is projected. Entrance doors of operating rooms shall in all cases open outward. There may be provided one opening for each pro¬ jection objective used in motion picture machines and stereopticon installed within the operating room, and in no case shall such openings exceed dimensions of 5"x8". There may be provided one observation open- *As ordained by Ordinance No. 678-12, passed De¬ cember 10, 1912. 108 Building Code ing for each motion picture machine or stereopticon of dimensions not to exceed 8"x8". There shall be no other opening in the side of the booth through which the picture is projected other than those here¬ tofore provided for, except one projection opening and one observation opening for spot-light, which shall not exceed dimensions of 12"xl2". There shall be pro¬ vided in the side near the bottom, or in the bottom, a register not less than 14"xl6", and connected with the outer air by pipe not less than 6"xl6", or its equivalent number of square inches; and, in addition, there shall be a vent opening in the top or near the top of the booth not less than 16" in diameter, which may be tapered to no less than 8" at the flue, said 16" opening to be equipped with an 8" exhaust fan. All vent and intake pipes shall be of galvanized iron no lighter than No. 27 gauge, and in no case shall they be in contact with any inflammable material, and they shall be sep¬ arated from any inflammable material by at least *4" asbestos or other approved fireproof material. Vent flues and conductor shall be so installed that there is a natural draft circulating through the operating room. All electric wiring within operating room shall be inclosed in approved conduits, and shall be installed in accordance with the National Electric Code and the directions of the Commissioner of Buildings or other officials having jurisdiction. No flexible or other portable wiring shall be used or installed other than asbestos-covered wire required for connecting machines to sources of supply, which flex¬ ible conductor shall .not exceed four feet in length, and flexible cord for one portable incandescent light for each machine, as hereinafter provided for. Rheostats used in connection with motion picture machines and stereopticons in motion picture theaters shall be designed to carry necessary electric current without undue heating, and coils, grids or other re¬ sisting elements shall not become luminous when carrying a load of less than thirty (30) amperes. All rheostats shall be provided with a perforated sheet metal jacket or heavy wire screen of not less than y 2 " mesh, secured to the rheostat proper, and said jacket or screen shall not be in electric* connection with current-carrying parts of the rheostat. Rheostats used in connection with motion picture machines shall be installed in a compartment constructed of sheet metal of not less than No. 24 gauge, or of 109 Building Code material equally durable and equally fireproof. Said compartment shall be provided with a vent having an area of not less than twelve (12) square inches, and all ventilating openings in said compartment for the efflux of heated air shall be connected by a fireproof flue to the exterior of the building in a manner similar to the provisions for the vent flue as provided for operating room, or may be connected to the main vent flue of -the operating room. Said compartment shall be provided with a door permitting access to the rheostat, and said door shall be provided with spring hinges holding the door normally in a closed position. Said compartment shall be placed in such a position that it shall be effectively separated by one foot space, or pro¬ tected by R 2 " asbestos or other approved fireproof ma¬ terial from all inflammable niaterial. No rheostat shall be placed within the operating room without written permission from the Commissioner of Buildings. Rheo¬ stats shall be effectively insulated from said compart¬ ment and the ground. Motor generator apparatus used in connection with moving picture machines shall be placed in accordance with the directions of the official having jurisdiction in such matters, and shall be installed in compliance with all regulations relative to the installation of mo¬ tors and dynamos. Transformers, compensarcs, transarcs and other de¬ vices for control or transformation of electric current other than motor generator apparatus and rheostats may be installed within the operating room, providing, however, that in calculating area of operating rooms there shall be provided seven (7) square feet of floor area for each such apparatus installed in addition to area required for number of arc lights installed. *Sec, 484h. Equipment for Operating-Room. There shall be provided in every operating room a shelf for the repair and rewinding of films not over 8" wide nor 48" long, said shelf to be constructed of slate not less than %" thickness, or marble of not less than thickness, or said shelf may be constructed entirely of sheet metal or steel, said shelf to be securely at¬ tached to the side of the operating room by metal shelf brackets. There shall be provided as near the rewind shelf as practicable a fireproof socket, box or other *As ordained by Ordinance No. 678-12, passed December 10, 1912. 110 Building Code . device for the reception of bottles containing him ce¬ ment. There shall be provided in each operating room, placed on the floor as near to each motion picture ma¬ chine as practicable, a metal pan or bucket of not less than 464 cubic inches in capacity for the reception of hot carbons incidental to the operation of the machine. There may be provided in every operating room an electric fan not less than 16" in diameter. There shall be provided in every operating room one portable in¬ candescent electric light equipped with reinforced cord in addition to one incandescent light permanently se¬ cured to the ceiling of the operating room for each motion picture machine. There shall be provided at each opening other than the door and ventilating open¬ ings a steel or iron shutter constructed of not less than 16-gauge sheet metal, which shutter shall freely slide in metallic grooves, and shall be normally closed by gravity. Provisions shall be made for holding said shutter in an open position by means of a cotton cord with a tensile strength of not over six pounds for each shutter. Said cotton cord shall be connected to a master cord, which master cord shall be carried to a position as near to and as directly over the aperture plate of each machine as possible. Said master cord shall be pro¬ vided with a fusible link directly over the aperture plates, and shall be so attached that a single motion on the part of the operator or ignited film at any picture machine shall release the master cord and permit all shutters in the operating room to close. *Sec. 484i. Miscellaneous Provisions. Every motion picture machine shall be operated by or under the immediate personal supervision of an op¬ erator to whom a license for such occupation is granted by the City of Cincinnati, and no motion picture ma¬ chine shall be operated by any person other than a licensed operator. No picture machine shall be operated at a speed that shall cause the film to pass through the machine at a speed greater than seventy (70) feet per minute, nor at a speed that shall cause the film to pass through the mechanism at a speed of less than fifty (50) feet per minute, except by written permission of the Com¬ missioner of Buildings. *■ *As ordained by Ordinance No. 678-12, passed De¬ cember 10, 1912. Building Code 111 The magazine containing and for the reception of the film motion picture machine shall be closed at all times when the machine is in operation. All films not in process of projection or rewinding shall be inclosed at all times in separate metal boxes provided for the reception thereof, and said boxes shall be kept closed at all times. No pieces of films, volatile, inflammable fluid or substances, rags, cotton, waste or other articles, ma¬ terial or tools, utensils or appliances not essential to the safe and efficient operation of a picture machine shall be permitted to remain within the operating room when the machine is in operation. No person or persons shall smoke or indulge in in¬ toxicating liquors while in or near the operating room while the theater is open to the public. No person or persons shall be permitted within or about the operating room other than persons holding a license for the occupation of operating motion pic¬ ture machines, or persons concerned in the mainte¬ nance or conduct of the theater in which such oper¬ ating room is located. No operator in charge of a motion picture machine shall engage in any other occupation when such machine is in operation, nor shall any operator in charge of -any motion picture machine rewind or repair the film while such machine is in operation. No operator shall leave open any magazine door, or any outer door of the booth, or any other opening in the booth not in actual use, excepting the openings provided for purposes of ventilation dur¬ ing the time when said theater is open to the-public. Hot carbons shall be placed in a metal receptacle provided therefor immediately on removal from the machine. In the event of any film or other material becoming ignited within the operating room, the licensed opera¬ tor in charge shall, within forty-eight (48) hours of such event, deliver in person to the Commissioner of Buildings a full and complete written report thereof, signed in person, and in such report the license num¬ ber of said operator shall be stated. The provisions of Section 48-Jg of this ordinance, under the heading of “Openings in Operating Rooms," and including that paragraph beginning with the words “There may be provided one opening for each projection objective," and ending with the words “natural draft circulating through the operating room,” and the provisions of Section 484i shall apply 112 Building Code to all picture machine booths now or hereafter in oper¬ ation in the City of Cincinnati. All other provisions of this Ordinance shall apply to all picture machine booths constructed after its passage. An}* person or persons violating any of the provi¬ sions of this Ordinance shall, upon conviction, be fined in any sum not exceeding twenty-five ($25.00) dollars for each offense. v_ * *Sec. 485-1. Storage of Films. That it shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation or its agents or employes to manufacture, keep, store or handle any inflammable motion picture films in greater quantities than ten (10) reels or ag¬ gregating more than ten thousand (10,000) feet in length without first having obtained a permit therefor from the Commissioner of Buildings. Sec. 485-2. All films shall be kept or stored in fire- resisting receptacles. Sec. 485-3. The Commissioner of Buildings shall issue a permit for the manufacture, keeping, storage or handling of inflammable motion picture films - to every person, firm or corporation which manufactures, keeps, stores- or handles inflammable motion picture films in greater • quantities than ten (10) reels upon said person, firm or corporation complying with the requirements of this ordinance. Sec. 485-4. Said person, firm or corporation shall make written application on blanks furnished by the Commissioner of Buildings giving the following in¬ formation : (a) Name and address of the applicant. (b) Location of the premises on which the inflam¬ mable motion picture films are to be manufactured, stored, kept or handled. (c) Other purposes for which the building or premises is to be used. (d) The nature of the business in which the ap¬ plicant is engaged in such building or premises. (e) Kind of construction of said building. (f) Any other pertinent information regarding the manufacture, storage, keeping or handling of in- *As ordained by Ordinance No. 436-14, passed August 4, 1914. Building Code 113 \ flammable motion picture films for which the appli¬ cation is made. Sec. 485-4^. A fee of one ($1.00) dollar shall be / paid to the City Treasurer, which sum shall be cred¬ ited to the general city fund, on written application for a permit. Sec. 485-5. The Commissioner of Buildings shall not issue a permit for the storage, keeping or hand¬ ling of inflammable motion picture films for any rooms or premises (a) which are located on any floor ex¬ cept the top floor of any building unless the entire building is of fireproof construction; (b) which is oc¬ cupied as a tenement house, lodging or boarding house or hotel, office building, assembly hall or theater; (c) where the rooms to be occupied are artificially lighted by any other means than electricity, and then only in case all electric wires are run in metal conduits and all lights shall be in air-tight bulbs; all globes or tubes in suitable wire cages and fitted with keyless sockets; (d) unless the room to be used for the manufacture, storage, keeping or handling of inflammable motion picture films is separated from all other parts of the building with unpierced walls, floors and ceilings, ex¬ cept the exit doors and extra windows (said exit doors shall be standard fireproof doors.) Sec. 485-6. Not more than fifteen (15) reels or fif¬ teen thousand (15,000) feet in the aggregate of inflam¬ mable motion picture films shall be under examination or repair at one time iii any one room, and each reel of films shall be kept in a tightly closed fire-resisting box of approved construction when not being examined or repaired. Sec. 485-7. Each room used for the repairing or piecing together of inflammable motion picture films shall contain metal cans which shall contain at all times at least two (2) gallons of water, wherein all waste, parts and scraps of such film shall be placed and kept covered with water. Sec. 485-8. No collodion, amyl, acetate or other similar inflammable cement, liquid or substance in quantities greater than one quart shall be kept in a room wherein inflammable motion picture films are manufactured, stored, kept, handled or repaired. Sec. 485-9. No heat other than steam or hot water heat, and no stove, forge, torch, boiler, furnace flame 114 Building Code or fire, and no electric or other appliance likely to produce an exposed spark shall be allowed in any room used for the manufacture, storage, keeping, handling or repairing of inflammable motion picture films. Sec. 485-10. Each room used for the manufacture, storage, keeping, handling or repairing of inflammable motion picture films shall be equipped with at least two approved hand chemical fire extinguishers, also one receptacle containing at least two (2) gallons of water and one receptacle containing at least one-half ( l / 2 ) bushel of sand. \ Sec. 485-11. Each film shall be stored or kept in metallic boxes with tight-fitting covers on the premi¬ ses. Sec. 485-12. No smoking nor the use of matches shall be permitted in a room used for the manufac¬ ture, storage, keeping, handling or repairing of inflam¬ mable motion picture films. Signs calling attention to this section shall be posted in at least three con¬ spicuous places within said room and one at the en¬ trance thereof. Sec. 485-13. The Commissioner of Buildings shall make the necessary inspections from time to time of all places where films are manufactured, stored, kept, handled or repaired, in order to see that all regula¬ tions of this ordinance are complied with. Sec. 485-14. Each of the foregoing numbered sec¬ tions and subsections is hereby declared to be inde¬ pendent of every other section or subsection, and the invalidity of any one shall not invalidate any of the others. Sec. 485-15. The penalties provided by and under the provisions of Sections 576 and 577 of the Code of Ordinances shall apply to any of the violation or violations of the provisions of these sections. Section 486. Dirt Chutes. Dirt chutes in factories, warehouses and other build¬ ings shall be of sheet steel, not less than No. 22 gauge, thoroughly riveted, or of other fireproof construction, and shall terminate in a fireproof receptacle, and both chute and receptacle shall be thoroughly fire stopped, and all openings into the same shall have automatic fire doors. Building Code 115 Chapter 2.— Prevention of Collapsing of Buildings. Section 487. Inspection and Condemnation of Un¬ safe Buildings. Any building or buildings, or parts thereof, and staging, elevator, stairway, tire escape, fence, billboard, awning, canopy or other structure or structures of whatsoever kind, that from any cause may now be or shall at any time hereafter become dangerous or un¬ safe, shall be made safe and secure or taken down and removed by the owner, lessee, occupant or person having charge thereof. The Commissioner of Build¬ ings, shall immediately, when advised of the dangerous or unsafe condition as aforesaid, make a record there¬ of upon the docket to be kept by him of unsafe build¬ ings, and he shall thereupon serve the owner or some one of the owners, executors, administrators, agents, lessees, occupants or any other person or persons that may have a vested or contingent interest in the same, with a written or printed notice thereof, and shall also notify the Chief of the Fire Department and of the Police, describing the premises or other structure as aforesaid deemed unsafe or dangerous, and requir¬ ing the same to be made safe and secure or removed, as may be found necessary by the Commissioner. Said notice shall require the person served to immediately advise the Commissioner of Buildings whether he or they' will or will not make secure or remove the un¬ safe structure, and he or they will be allowed twenty- four (24) hours after the service of such notice in which to commence to secure or remove the same. If the party served refuses to make secure or remove the dangerous or unsafe structure, or if he does not commence to make secure or remove the same within twenty-four (24) hours, the Commissioner of Buildings shall, if in his opinion it shall be necessary, enter upon the premises with a sufficient force and make secure or remove the same, or such part thereof as may be necessary to make the premises safe, and the cost thereby incurred shall, upon the certificate of the Commissioner, be paid out of the City Treasury, through the City Auditor, from the funds and in the manner hereinafter provided for. And any expense so incurred shall be collected from the owner or owners, agent, lessee or occupant by action brought 116 Building Code in the name of the city in-a Court of competent juris¬ diction, to be instituted by the City Solicitor. The Commissioner shall also place a written notice on any dangerous or unsafe premises so as to warn the public thereof. Section 488. Overloading Buildings. The weight placed on any of the floors of any build¬ ing shall be safely distributed thereon. The Commis¬ sioner of Buildings may require the owner or occupant of any building, or of any portion thereof, to redis¬ tribute the load on any floor, or to lighten such load, where he deems it to be necessary. In all warehouses, storehouses, factories, workshops and stores where heavy materials are kept or stored, or machinery in¬ troduced, the weight that each floor will safely sus¬ tain upon each superficial foot thereof, or upon each varying parts of such floors, shall be estimated by the owner or occupant, or by a competent person employed by the owner or occupant. Such estimate shall be re¬ duced to writing, on printed forms furnished by the Commissioner of Buildings, stating the materials, size, distance apart and span of beams and girders, posts or columns to support the floors, and its correctness shall be sworn to by the person making the same. And it shall thereupon be filed in the office of the Commis¬ sioner of Buildings. But if the Commissioner of Build¬ ings shall have cause to doubt the correctness of said estimate, he is empowered to revise and correct the same; and for the purpose of such revision the officers and employes of the Department of Buildings may enter any building and remove as much of any floor or other portion thereof as may be required to make necessary measurements and examinations. When the correct estimate of the weight that the floors in any such building will safely sustain has been ascertained, - as herein provided, the Commissioner of Buildings shall approve the same. And thereupon the Commis¬ sioner of Buildings shall post a copy of such approved estimate in a conspicuous place on each story, or vary¬ ing parts of each story, of the building to which it re¬ lates. Before any building hereafter erected is occu¬ pied and used, in whole or in part, for any of the purposes aforesaid, and before any building, erected prior to the passage of this code, but not at such time occupied for any of the aforesaid purposes, is occu¬ pied or used, in whole or in part, for any of said pur- Building Code 117 poses, the weight that each floor will safely sustain upon each superficial foot thereof shall be ascertained and posted in a conspicuous place on each story or varying parts of each story of the building to which it relates. % No person shall place, or cause or permit to be placed, on any floor of any building any greater load than the safe load thereof, as correctly estimated and ascertained as herein provided. Any expense nec¬ essarily incurred in removing any floor or other por¬ tion of any building for the purpose of making any ex¬ amination herein provided for shall be paid by the owner; should he refuse to pay for the same it shall then be paid by the City Treasurer, through the Au¬ ditor, upon the requisition of the Commissioner of Buildings, in the manner hereinafter provided for, and shall be collected in an action to be brought by the City Solicitor against said person or persons, and the sum so collected shall be paid over to the City Treas¬ urer, to be deposited in said fund in reimbursement of the amount paid as aforesaid. When the owner or the architect for any building has filed with his application to build the data required to determine the strength of the floors, on one of the blank forms' provided for that purpose, such examination shall not be required, provided that the purposes and uses of the building have not been changed, or that it has not been dam¬ aged by fire or otherwise. Every temporary support placed under any structure, wall, girder or beam dur¬ ing the erection, finishing, alteration or repairing of any building or structure, or any part thereof, shall be of sufficient strength to safely carry the load to be placed thereon. During the construction or alteration of any building or structure no material entering into such construction or alteration shall be placed, except for testing purposes, on any floor of any greater weight than the live load that each such floor is intended to safely sustain when the building or structure is com¬ pleted, unless such floor has been properly shored. Wherever it is required to place skids or sleepers under heavy safes or other fixtures in any fireproof building, such skids or sleepers must be of incom¬ bustible material. Section 439. Posting Capacity of Freight Ele¬ vators. The Commissioner of Buildings shall post a notice on each freight elevator, giving the load that such ele¬ vator will safclv sustain. 118 Building Code Section 490. Posting Capacity of Dance Halls. The Commissioner of Buildings shall post a notice in ever}' dance hall, showing the number of people that such dance hall will safely sustain ^without over¬ crowding, and it shall be unlawful for the owner, lessee, occupant or person having charge of the same to permit a greater number therein at any time. Chapter 3. — Elevators, Hoists, Ropes and Scaffolds. Section 491. Elevator Shafts, When Not Inclosed. In any building in which there exists any hoistway or freight elevator well-hole not inclosed in walls con¬ structed of brick or other fireproof material and pro¬ vided with fireproof doors, the openings thereof through and upon each floor of said buildings shall be provided with and protected by substantial guards and gates, and with good and sufficient automatic fire¬ proof trap doors operated' by the elevator car or by fusible links, and properly counterweighted, and con¬ structed so as to form a substantial floor surface when closed. The guards or gates shall be of such material and form of construction as may be approved by the Commissioner of Buildings. Such gates shall be half automatic, and shall be kept closed at all times, ex¬ cept when in actual use; and the.-trap doors shall be closed at the close of the business of each day by the occupant or occupants of the building having the use or control of the same. The guards on sides not pro¬ tected by a wall shall be not less than five (5) feet high, and suitable for the protection of life and limb. Section 492. Elevator Inclosures. (a) All elevators hereafter placed in any building shall be inclosed with walls of incombustible material. In non-fireproof buildings used for warehouses and factories hereafter erected, such inclosing walls shall be of solid brick work or reinforced concrete. In all other buildings hereafter erected such inclosure shall be either of brick, hollow tile, terra-cotta concrete or metal lath and plaster fireproof partitions, or of metal and wired glass. All doors to all elevator inclosures must be fireproof doors. All car or inclosure doors or gates to passenger elevators shall have countersunk floor tracks, extending full width of the opening, in addition to the roller track above. No elevator may . Building Code 119 have entrances on more than two (2) sides, and all passenger elevators* having entrances on more than one (1) side shall have the one furthest from the op¬ erating device protected by a sliding or folding gate or door, guided top and bottom on the car. This gate or door shall be kept closed at all times when not in actual use. (b) In all existing stores, hotels and non-fireproof office buildings, and all tenement houses not having fire¬ proof hallways the elevators shall be inclosed as pro¬ vided in paragraph (a) of this section; provided, how¬ ever, that where elevators of such buildings are now inclosed, such inclosures, if plastered or made slow burning and equipped with fireproof doors, may remain. In all other existing buildings all elevators shall be so inclosed as provided in paragraph (a), in the stories below the street level. Section 493. Skylights Over Elevator Inclosures. The roofs over all inclosed elevators shall be made of fireproof materials, with a skylight or lantern win¬ dows at least three-fourths (34) of the area of the shaft, the glass to be not more than one-eighth ( J /$) of an inch thick, and in case of skylight to be covered above and below with strong wire netting, but wired glass shall not be used in skylights over elevator en¬ closures unless the same are open or opened by fusible links. All such skylights shall be so arranged that they can be readily opened on any floor or elevator. When elevator shafts do not extend to the roof, the ceiling shall be fireproof, and the top window in the shaft shall be arranged to open as arranged for sky¬ lights, but in case such a window cannot be provided, then suitable provisions shall be made to ventilate the top of the shaft in a manner approved by the Com¬ missioner of Buildings. Section 494. Inclosing Elevator Machinery. When the inclosure of an elevator has an opening to accommodate ' machinery for operating the same, such as shafts, pulleys, drums, cables, etc., said ma¬ chinery shall be inclosed in an equally fireproof man¬ ner to the shaft. When the shaft does not extend to the ground the lower end shall be inc’osed in fire¬ proof material. Section 495. Sidewalk Elevators. Sidewalk elevators or lifts passing through more than one basement or cellar story shall be inclosed in 120 Building Code * said story with fireproof material, and door openings in the same shall be protected by fire doors. The door at the sidewalk level of the said elevator or lift shall be of wrought iron or steel. Section 496. Dumb Waiters. All dumb waiter shafts in non-fireproof buildings shall be inclosed with incombustible stud partitions or fireproof partitions. In all fireproof buildings they shall be inclosed with fireproof partitions. All dumb waiter shafts shall be fire stopped at the bottom and top. Dumb waiters that extend through four (4) or more stories shall be deemed freight elevators, and shall be inclosed and equipped with doors and gates accordingly, except that they need not extend to the roof or be provided with skylights or windows at the top. In dumb-waiter shafts all openings must have doors which shall be kept closed at all times when not in actual use. Section 497. Provisions in Elevator Shafts. Immediately under the sheaves at the top of every elevator shaft in any building there shall be provided and placed a substantial grating or screen capable of bearing the weight of a man, and constructed of iron or steel with openings not more than two (2) inches, or such construction as shall be approved by the Com¬ missioner of Buildings. Beams carrying hoisting ma¬ chines above the hatchway must be of steel or other fireproof material, and all passenger elevators must have such machines supported on fireproof supports. At the bottom of all passenger elevators must be placed substantial buffer-springs. Section 498, Inspection of Elevators. The Commissioner of Buildings shall cause an in¬ spection of all elevators to be made on completion and at least once every six (6) months, and, if found safe, issue a certificate as provided in Section 346 herein. (a) The owner, lessee, manager or other person hav¬ ing charge or control of any elevator now in operation in the City of Cincinnati, and the manufacturer of any elevator hereafter p’aced in any building, shall cause to be fastened in a conspicuous place in said elevator a metal plate having suitable raised letters on same, which shall prescribe the number of pounds weight which said elevator shall be permitted to carry, which weight shall be determined by proper test, calculation Building Code 121 and inspection, made under the supervision of the Commissioner of Buildings or his deputies. (b) Every elevator shall be in charge of a compe¬ tent operator, except freight elevators having self¬ closing gates at all entrances, or elevators that are, in the opinion of the Commissioner, wholly automatic. The operator must be not less than eighteen (18) years of age, with at least one (1) month’s experience’ in running an elevator under the instruction of a compe¬ tent person. In case the Commissioner of Buildings shall become satisfied that the person employed in running the elevator is incompetent or disqualified from any cause to continue to run the same, the owner or person managing or controlling the elevator shall, upon notice from the Commissioner of Buildings, at once replace the said operator by a competent operator. (c) In case defects are found to exist which en¬ danger life or limb by the continued use of an elevator, or in case of failure to comply with the requirements of this code, upon notice from the Commissioner of Buildings, the use of such elevator shall cease, and it shall not again be used until a certificate shall be first obtained from said Commissioner of Buildings that such elevator has been made safe. The wire ropes which shall be approved for use on any elevator shall have a factor of safety of seven (7), and no drum or sheave shall be used whose diameter is less than thirty- two (32) diameters of the rope. All platforms and sup¬ porting beams shall have a factor of safety of four (4), except members subjected to impact where the factor of safety shall be eight (8). When a platform or rope shows deterioration of twenty-five (25) per cent, it shall be considered unsafe. Section 499. Counterweights. All counterweights shall have their sections strongly bolted together by bolts passing through each weight, and shall be so situated that they cannot fall on any part of the elevator or machinery. There shall not be less than thirty (30) inches clearance between the top of the counterweight and the under side of the over¬ head beams or sheaves when the car 'rests on bumpers. Section 500. Governors for Elevators. All freight and passenger elevators (except hand- power) shall be provided with an automatic down- speed governor or regulator, and all elevators of the 122 Building Code plunger type shall be provided with down-speed and up-speed governors or regulators. Down-speed gover¬ nors shall be operated by Hawser laid Manila rope, or preferably by wire cable, and the safety devices for use on steel guides must be provided with some device acceptable to the Commissioner of Buildings to pre¬ vent overstrain of any of its parts. Every power ele¬ vator shall be provided with a limitation device to stop the car at upper and lower landings automatically, and a device to stop unwinding of cables from the drum, in case'of a stoppage of descending car from anv cause. All freight elevators controlled by cable shall be provided with a lock to hold them at floors when loading. No elevator hereafter installed shall be per¬ mitted to have attached above or below the cars a freight compartment or similar device. Section 501. Clearances for Elevators. A clear space of not less than twenty-four (24) inches must be provided between the bottom of the shaft and the lowest point on the elevator car when at its lowest landing and between the highest part of the car and the overhead grating when at the top landing. In case of the cars having a speed greater than 350 feet (per minute), said clearances shall be four (4) feet at the bottom and six (6) feet at the top. In all passenger elevator cabs hereafter altered or in¬ stalled, the portion of the top over the door opening shall be hinged to swing up. Section 502. Alterations to Elevator Shafts. In making changes or alterations to elevator shafts,, guide posts, overhead machinery or power, such work must be made to conform with the present law and regulations. Section 503. Alterations of Hoists, Scaffolds, Ropes, etc. All hoists, scaffolds, ropes, derricks and other similar apparatus or structures used in the erection of new buildings, shall be constructed in a safe manner, subject to the inspection and approval of the Commissioner of Buildings. The Commissioner of Buildings, or his Deputies, shall inspect from time to time all ropes used by contractors to support the scaffolds upon which persons are required to stand or sit while in the per¬ formance of work for such contractors. When such inspection has been made the Commissioner of Build- Building Code 123 ings shall issue a permit as to such rope, ladder or scaffolding, and fasten upon such a rope, a metal clasp indicating by its number and the corresponding entries on his official record books the date of such inspection and approval. If, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Buildings, any scaffolding or other appliances ex¬ amined by him is unfit for use, the same shall be condemned. No rope made of materials other than metal or Manila No. 1 shall be used by any contractor to support boards or scaffolding upon which persons are required to stand or sit while performing work for such contractors, nor until after the Commissioner of Buildings or one of his Deputies has inspected and approved such Manila rope within ninety (90) days prior to such use; provided, however, that after any such rope has been used in and about any work involv¬ ing the use of muriatic acid, ammoniacal acid or any other fluid which has a tendency to rapidly decompose, consume or weaken such ropes, then such ropes shall not be again used for any purpose requiring persons to be supported thereby, until affer the same have been submitted to the Commissioner of Buildings for in¬ spection, and have been approved by him as sound and sufficient for the purpose intended. All ladders and scaffolding used by contractors as aforesaid shall be examined to see that they are in good condition, and all contractors shall furnish rubber covering for ropes where acids or any other fluid tending to destroy ropes or wood are used. All hooks used by contractors shall be made of best iron or steel. Section 504. Guards and Protection to Workmen. In the erection of new buildings, no building shall be carried up more than one (1) story above any un¬ covered tier of joists or beams, unless said tier of joists or beams be covered over its entire area with suitable plank or boards laid in a safe and secure manner. Proper guards shall be placed and maintained around all hatchways, stairways and other openings. All ladders used in the construction of buildings shall be strongly built and firmly set in place, and shall have at least one side piece at the top extended three (3) feet above the landing, and no workmen shall be em¬ ployed to work in any position where other workmen are liable to drop building materials or too’s upon them. Section 505. Window Cleaning Device. Tn every fireproof or semi-fireproof building now in existence or hereafter erected every window above the second story thereof shall be equipped with a suitable 124 Building Code device which will permit the cleaning of the exterior of such windows without endangering life and limb. Provided, however, that such device need not be placed on any window that can be easily cleaned from within. Chapter 4. — Stairways and Exits. Section 506. Egress in General. In all buildings of a public character, such as hotels, theaters, restaurants, railroad depots, public halls, churches and other buildings, used or intended to be used for purposes of public assembly, amusement or instruction, and including department stores and other business and manufacturing buildings, where large numbers of people are congregated, the exit doors must open outward and the halls, doors, stairways, seats, passageways and aisles and all lighting and heating appliances and apparatus shall be arranged, as the Commissioner of Buildings shall direct, to facilitate egress in case of fire or accident, and to afford the requisite and proper accommodation for public protec¬ tion in such cases. . All aisles and passageways in said building shall be kept free from camp stools, chairs, sofas, drop seats and other obstructions, and no person shall be allowed to stand in or occupy any of said aisles or passageways during any performance, exhibi¬ tion, lecture, concert, ball . or any public assemblage. The Commissioner of Buildings may at any time serve a written or printed notice upon the owner, lessee or manager of said buildings directing any act or thing to be done or provided in or about said buildings and the several appliances connected therewith, such as halls, doors, stairs, windows, seats, aisles, firewalls, fire apparatus and fire escapes, as may be necessary for the safety of occupants or the public. Section 507. Auditoriums, Assembly Halls and Picture Machine Theaters. Every auditorium, assembly hall and picture machine theater shall have suitable and ample means of exit and ample space for the use of the audience in leaving the building. When such auditorium, assembly hall or picture machine theater accommodates three hundred (300) persons, or less there shall be - at least two (2) exits, and when such auditorium and assembly hall accommodates from three hundred (300) to five hun¬ dred (500) persons, there shall not be less than three Building Code 125 (3) exits. # No such doorway or exit shall be less than five (5) feet in width. For every one hundred (100) persons additional or fraction thereof to be accommo¬ dated in auditoriums and assembly halls in excess of five hundred (500) persons, twenty (20) inches addi¬ tional exit capacity shall be provided. All exits in such buildings shall be as far remote from one another as practicable, and they shall in all in cases be either on opposite sides or ends of such auditorium, assembly hall or picture machine theater. The exits from gal¬ leries of such auditorium, assembly hall or picture machine theater shall be separate and distinct from the exits from the main floor. No galleries shall have less than two (2) such independent staircases and exits, and they shall be located on opposite sides of the gal¬ lery. All portions of all exits in all auditoriums, as¬ sembly halls or picture machine theaters hereafter erected shall be fireproof. All picture machine theaters hereafter erected or buildings converted to picture ma¬ chine theaters shall have brick or fireproof inclosing walls, , and when they have a seating capacity in excess of three hundred (300) persons they shall conform to the requirements for theaters. No theater or picture machine theater shall be less than thirty (30) feet in width, nor the ceiling less than fifteen (15) feet in height, and there shall be two (2) exits in the rear protected by fireproof partitions in all buildings here¬ after erected or converted into a picture machine thea¬ ter on an inlot. Where buildings are hereafter erected or converted into picture machine theaters that are situated upon a corner lot where exits can be put into the side wall upon street or alley corner, the same may he constructed twenty-five (25) feet in width, and fireproof partitions may be omitted. Section 508. Egress to Theaters. Every theater shall have at least one (1) principal means of egress to a street. Every theater shall have an open space on each side, except as hereinafter pro¬ vided, and such open space shall extend the full length of the auditorium proper. When such open space is not a street or*alley, it shall be eight (8) feet wide, and when the seating capacity exceeds eighteen hun¬ dred (1,800) it shall be ten (10) feet wide, and shall in all cases extend clear and unobstructed to the street or alley or public space, or to a fireproof corridor of the same width leading directly to the street or alley 126 Building Code or public space. Provided, however, thafi die Building Commissioner may authorize such reasonable modifica¬ tions of these space requirements as unusual building- conditions may, in his judgment, justify. When such spaces ,or corridors are provided with doors or gates, these shall open towards the street or alley or public space, and they shall be kept open by proper fastenings during performances.' No exits shall be obstructed in any way, and shall be used for no other purpose than for entrance and exit to and from the theater and stage, and must be kept free and clear during per¬ formances. The level of all corridors, open spaces and exits shall not be more than one step above the level of the sidewalk, where they begin at the street or alley or public space. When the principal means of egress for the open spaces is to an alley or public space, such alley or public space as a means of egress must be ap¬ proved by the Commissioner. To overcome slight dif¬ ferences of levels in and between any open space on the side of such theater or in and between any corri¬ dors, lobbies, passageways and aisles on the ground floor, gradients shall be employed with no vertical risers. From the auditorium to the open spaces above provided there shall be not less than two (2) exits on each side of the parquet and each gallery. Each exit shall be at least five (5) feet in width in the clear, and shall be provided with fireproof doors, opening outwardly and fastened with movable bolts, which shall be kept drawn during performances. There shall be balconies not less than four (4) feet in width in T said open spaces at each level or tier above the parquet, of sufficient length to embrace the two (2) exits, and from said balconies there shall be staircases extending to the ground level with a rise of not more than nine (9) inches to a step and not less than nine (9) inches tread, exclusive of the nosing, and not less than thirty- six (36) inches in width in the clear. All such stairs and balconies shall be constructed entirely of fireproof material. Where the open space on either side of the auditorium is a street, alleys or public space, not more than twenty-five (25) feet of space between the street, alley or public space and the auditorium may be used for other purposes not otherwise prohibited in this code, provided that such portion of the building is entirely separated by fireproof walls extending through the roof, and the exits and corridors are completely and entirely cut off by means of fireproof walls. The audi- Building Code 127 torium shall be separated from the entrance vestibule and from any room or rooms oyer the same and from all lobbies, corridors, refreshment rooms or any other rooms in the building by fireproof walls. In lieu of said open spaces fireproof corridors may be constructed from each tier independently and unobstructed, and having separate fireproof stairs to a street, alley or public space. Section 509. Seats and Aisles in Theaters. All seats in the auditorium shall not be less than thirty-two (32) inches from back to back, measured in a horizontal direction, and all seats shall'be firmly secured to the floor. No seat in the auditorium shall have more than six (6) seats intervening between it and the aisle. In galleries, all platforms formed to re¬ ceive the seats shall be not more than twenty-one (21) inches in height of riser nor less than thirty-two (32) inches in width of the platform. All aisles having seats on both sides of the same shall not be less than three (3) feet wide where they begin, and shall be increased in width toward the exits ’in the ratio of one and one- half (V-£) inches to five ( 0 ) running feet. All aisles having seats on one side only shall be not less than two (2) feet wide at their beginning and increased in width the same as aisles having seats on both sides. The aggregate capacity of the foyers, lobbies, corri¬ dors, passages and rooms for the use of the audience, not including aisle space between the seats, shall on each floor or gallery be sufficient to contain the entire number to be accommodated on said floor or gallery, in the ratio of one hundred and fifty (150) superficial feet of floor room for every one hundred (100) persons. Gradients or inclined planes shall be employed instead of steps where possible to overcome slight differences of level in or between aisles, corridors and passages. Section 510. Exits in Theaters. Every theater shall have at least three (3) exits in addition to the exits provided for the open spaces. Distinct and separate places of exit and entrance shall be provided for each gallery above the first. A com¬ mon place of exit and entrance may serve for the main floor of the auditorium and the first gallery, provided its capacity be equal to the aggregate capacity of the outlets from the main floor and the said gallery. No passage leading to any stairway communicating with any entrance or exit shall be less than four (4) feet in 128 Building Code width in any part thereof. All doors to all exits shall in all cases be fireproof doors, and shall open outward¬ ly, and shall be hung to stving in such a maner so as not to become an obstruction in a passage or corridor, and no such doors shall be closed and locked during any representation or when the building is opened to the public. No door shall open immediately upon a flight of stairs, but in all cases a landing at least the width of the doors shall be provided between such stairs and said doors. Section 511. Stairs in Theaters. All stairs within the building shall be constructed of fireproof materials throughout. Stairs from balconies and galleries shall not communicate with the basement or cellar. All stairs shall have treads of uniform widths and risers of uniform height throughout in each flight. Stairways serving for the exit of fifty (50) people shall be at least four (4) feet wide between railings, and for every additional seventy-five (75) people to be accommodated six (6) inches must be added to their width. The width of all stairs shall be measured in the clear between hand rails. In no case shall risers exceed seven and one-half (7f4) inches in height, nor shall the treads, exclusive of nosings, be less than ten and one-half (10N>) inches wide in straight stairs. No circular or winding stairs for the use of the public shall be permitted. Where the seating capacity is for more than one thousand (1,000) people there shall be at least two (2) independent staircases, with direct exterior outlets provided for each, gallery in the auditorium where there are not more than two (2) galleries, and the same shall be located on opposite sides of the said galleries. Where there are more than two (2) galleries, one (1) or more additional staircas'es shall be provided, the outlets of which shall commu¬ nicate directly with the principal exit or other ‘exterior outlets. All said staircases shall be of width propor¬ tionate to the seating capacity as elsewhere herein pre¬ scribed. Where the seating capacity is for one thou¬ sand (1,000) people or less, two direct lines or stair¬ cases only shall be required, located on opposite sides of the galleries, and in both cases shall extend from sidewalk level to the upper gallery, with outlets from each gallery to each of said staircases. At least two independent staircases with direct exterior outlets shall also be provided for the service of the stage, and shall be located on opposite sides of the same. Building Code 129 Section 512. Stair Inclosures in Theaters. All staircases in theaters shall be inclosed with walls of brick or other fireproof material, and the openings to such staircases from each tier shall be full width of the staircase. Stairs leading to the first or lower gallery may be left open on one side, in which case they shall be constructed as herein provided for simi¬ lar stairs leading from the entrance hall to the main floor of the auditorium. But in no case shall stairs leading to any gallery be left open on both sides. When straight stairs return directly on themselves, a land¬ ing shall be provided extending across the full width of both flights without any steps and a depth equal to the width of one (1) flight. Section 513. Stair Landings in Theaters. The outer line of landings shall be curved to a radius of not less than three (3) feet to avoid square angles. Stairs turning at an angle shall have a proper landing without winders introduced at said turn. In stairs, when the two (2) side flights connect with one (l) main flight, no winders shall be introduced and the width of the main flight shall be at least equal to-the aggregate width of the side flight. All stairs shall have proper landings introduced at convenient distances. All inclosed staircases shall have on both sides strong hand rails firmly secured to the wall about three (3) feet above the stairs, but said hand rails shall not run on level platform and landings where the same is more in length than the width of the stairs. All staircases eight (8) feet and over in width shall be provided with a center hand rail of metal not less than two (2) inches in diameter, placed ’ at a height of about three (3) feet above the center of the treads, and supported on metal standards of sufficient strength, placed not nearer than four (4) feet or more than six (6) feet apart, and securely bolted to the treads or risers of the stairs, or both, and at the head of each flight of stairs on each landing the post or standard to which the rail shall be secured shall be at least six (0) feet in height. Section 514. Exit Displays in Theaters. A diagram or plan of each tier, gallery or floor, show¬ ing distinctly the exits therefrom, each occupying a space not less than fifteen (15) square inches, shall he printed in black lines in a legible manner on the program of the performance. Every exit shall have 130 Building Code over the same on the inside the word “EXIT” painted in legible letters, not less than eight (8) inches high, and in addition shall be marked by a gas light with a green globe, placed over the center of the opening and kept burning during the entire performance and until the audience has been dismissed. Section 515. Egress in Other Than Theaters. In factories and workshops more than two (2) stories in height all staircases shall have a fireproof exit on the ground floor to the street, alloy or to a court or yard opening on a street or alley. All stores, hotels and lodging houses shall be provided with exit ca¬ pacity equal to a width of twenty-five (25) per cent, in excess of the width of all stairways. Every tene¬ ment house hereafter erected shall have at least one (1) entrance hall leading directly from a street, alley or yard to the stair hall, and the same shall be at least three (3) feet and six (6) inches wide in the clear up to and including the stair inclosure, and beyond this point the public hall shall be at least three (3) feet wide in the clear. If the above entrance hall is the only entrance to more than one staircase, that portion between the entrance and the first staircase shall be increased one-half (J4) in width in every part for each such additional staircase, and a proportionate amount throughout. In tenement houses having more than one (1) stairway from the street or alley to a common stair hall on the second floor, one of the entrances only must conform with the width hereinbefore given. Whenever fire walls are provided, dividing any building into sec¬ tions, as hereinbefore required, each such section shall be considered a separate building for the purposes of providing proper egress in accordance with the requirements of this code. Section 516. Egress in Factory and Workshop. In all buildings having more than one (1) stairway, each stairway shall be as remote from onp another as practicable. Ail buildings used as factories and work¬ shops more than two (2) stories in height shall be provided with at least two (2) means of exit, one of which shall be a stairway not less than three (3) feet and six (6) inches in width, and shall be increased in width up to five (5) feet, for the entire height, six (6) inches for each story in excess of four (4) stories. Whenever the floor areas of such building exceeds five Building Code 131 \ thousand (5,000) square feet, or when the number of persons employed in such building exceeds three hun¬ dred (300), they shall be provided with three (3) means of exit, two (2) of which shall be stairways, and the third may be a fire escape. Such stairways shall not be less than three f3) feet and six (6) inches in width. All exterior and vestibule doors to factories and workshops now in existence, or hereafter erected, shall be made to open outward. Section 517. Egress in Stores. Store buildings more than two (2) stories in height shall be provided with at least two (2) means of exit, one of which shall be a stairway; and when the floor area exceeds five thousand (5,000) square feet, they shall be provided with at least three (3) means of exit, two (2) of which are stairways. No stairs in any factory, workshop or store building shall contain any winders. Elevators shall not be considered as exits under this section. Exit by other means than stairways shall be by outside fire escapes. All exterior and ves¬ tibule doors to stores, now in existence and hereafter erected shall be made to open outward. Revolving doors shall not be considered as means of egress within the meaning of this code. Section 518. Stairs in Factories, Workshops, Stores, Hotels and Office Buildings. All stairs in factories, workshops, stores, hotels and office buildings, hereafter erected, shall be inclosed from the bottom to the top with incombustible parti¬ tions, fireproof doors and windows, and if glass is used in the inclosure of these stairs for the purpose of light¬ ing the same, it must be fireproof glass, placed in fire¬ proof sash. All doors to same must be self-closing. All such stairs shall have treads of uniform width and risers of uniform height throughout in each flight. The risers shall be not more than eight (8) inches in height, and the treads, exclusive of the nosing, shall be not less than ten (10) inches. No flight of stairs shall exceed a vertical height of more than twelve (12) feet. Where the stories are higher than twelve (12) feet, proper landings shall be introduced. All stairs shall be pro¬ vided with secure railings and hand rails and kept in good repair. Whenever slate, marble or stone are used for treads, the same shall be solidly supported, and in such a manner that when the same are broken or re- 132 Building Code moved, a sufficient tread will remain so as not to render the stair impassable. Escalators or endless or revolv¬ ing stairs shall be deemed stairs and shall comply with the requirements contained in this section for the in¬ closures of stairs. Store buildings having more than one (1) stairway, one (1) of the stairways may be an open stairway. In store buildings, the doors leading to the stairs shall have the word “EXIT” painted in legible letters not less than eight (8) inches high. One inclosure may include the elevator and stairs. Section 519. Stairs in Existing Buildings. In any existing building (other than fireproof office buildings) in which the stairs are not inclosed as may be required by this code in new buildings of the class to which it belongs, such stairs shall be inclosed, unless in the opinion of the Commissioner of Buildings, local conditions in such building render the full and complete application of such requirements impossible or imprac¬ ticable, in which case the said stairs shall be inclosed in a manner prescribed by the Commissioner of Build¬ ings, and to his entire approval and satisfaction. In existing store buildings the doors leading to the stairs shall have painted immediately above them the word “EXIT” in legible letters not less than eight (8) inches high. Section 520. Stairs in Hotels and Lodging Houses. In every hotel and lodging house, hereafter erected, to be occupied by more than one hundred (100) per¬ sons, or of twenty-five hundred (2,500) feet in area, and not exceeding five thousand (5,000) feet, there shall be provided at least two (2) continuous lines of stairs; and every such building shall have at least one (1) continuous line of stairs for each five thousand (5,000) feet of area covered or part thereof in excess of that required for five thousand (5,000) feet of area. The width of such stairway shall be not less than three (3) feet and six (6) inches in the clear. * Section 521. Stairs in Tenement Houses. Every tenement house, hereafter erected, shall have at least one (1) stairway not less than three (3) feet and six (6) inches in width, when containing over twenty-six (26) apartments or suites of rooms above the entrance story, shall have an additional staircase for every additional twenty-six (26) apartments or % Building Code 133 fraction thereof. If said house contains more than thirty-six (36) apartments above the entrance door, in lieu of an additional staircase, the stairs, stairhalls and entrance halls throughout the entire building shall each be at least one-half (J4) wider than is specified in this code. Every tenement house hereafter erected, containing over thirty-six (36) apartments or suites of rooms above the entrance story, shall also have an additional staircase for every additional thirty-six (36) apartments or fraction thereof, but if said house con¬ tains not more than forty-eight (48) apartments above the entrance floor, in lieu of an additional staircase, the stairs, stairhalls and entrance halls throughout the entire building shall each be at least one-half wider than is specified; and if said house contains more than eighty-four (84) apartments above the entrance story, in lieu of three (3) staircases there may be but two (2)- staircases, provided that one of such staircases and the stairhalls and entrance halls connected there¬ with are at least one-half (J4) wider than is specified in this title. In all tenement houses hereafter erected, the stairs leading to the cellar may be located inside the building, provided they are entirely inclosed with fireproof partition, ceilings and self-closing fireproof doors. In any tenement house erected prior to the passage of this code, any new stairs that may be here¬ after constructed leading from the first story to the cellar, shall be entirely inclosed with brick walls or other fireproof partitions, and the openings at top and bottom shall be provided with self-closing fireproof doors. In every tenement, house all stairways shall be provided with proper balusters, hand rails and newels, and must be kept in p-ood repair. In non-fireproof tenement houses, hereafter erected, or in any building altered and converted into tenement houses, or in any existing tenement house, no closet of any kind shall be constructed or allowed under any staircase in a public hall, but such space shall be left entirely open and kept clear and free from encumbrances. Section 522. Fire-escapes on Opera Houses, The¬ aters, School Houses <\nd Other Buildings, Where Necessary to Extend Stairway Entirely to the Ground. Where exits provided for in the previous sections are not stairways as specified, the exists shall be by means of fire escapes built in accordance with the 134 Building Code specifications of the State of Ohio for the construction of these fire escapes. Section 523. Fire-escapes for Stores, Workshops and Factory Buildings. The fire escapes for stores, workshops and factory buildings shall be constructed in accordance with the specifications of the State of Ohio for workshops, fac¬ tories and public buildings. Section 524. Fire-escapes for Tenement Houses. Tenement houses three (3) or more stories in height, or when occupied by three (3) or more families, must have direct access to a fire escape and a stairway or two (2) staircases without passing through another apartment or through another public hall containing a staircase, and when containing but one (1) stairway shall be provided with one (1) or more suitable fire escapes, made of wrought iron or steel, and of such number, material, construction and location as may be approved by the Commissioner of Buildings, unless the stairways are fireproof and inclosed with walls con¬ structed of or covered with incombustible material. All fire escapes shall connect with and discharge into a yard, street or alley. No fire escape shall be placed in a court, unless it connects at the bottom of such court with a fireproof passage not less than three (3) feet wide and seven (7) feet high leading in a straight and direct line unobstructed to a street, alley or -yard. When fire escapes have been completed, the owner or his authorized agent must notify the Commissioner of Buildings, who thereupon must inspect the same and issue a certificate of approval, provided he finds the said fire escape has been properly constructed; and no fire escape shall be deemed as complying with the pro¬ visions of this code unless the Commissioner of Build¬ ings shall have issued a certificate of approval. Section 525. Fire escapes on tenement houses must be constructed at least as good as the requirements of the following specifications, viz.: (a) There shall be one balcony for each floor above the first; said balconies shall be connected with stairs having an inclination from a vertical line of not less than six (6) inches in each foot in length thereof. The sides of the stringers of said stairs shall not be less than three (3) inches in width and one-fourth (Fi) of an inch thick. Building Code 135 (b) Treads—The tread to be one (1) inch angle irons, three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch, two (2) pieces to each step, with a one and one-quarter (1^4) inch space between. Supporting knee to be one (1) inch angle iron three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch thick, well riveted to the sides or stringers of the stairs, and shall be not more than ten (10) inches nor less than eight (8) inches apart. The length between the sides of the stringers shall not be less than four¬ teen (14) inches. (c) Hand Rail—Each flight of stairs shall have a hand rail three-quarters (H) of an inch in diameter and attached to the outer side thereof. The upper end of each stair shall be securely attached to a bracket; and the lower end shall rest upon and be substantially attached to a bracket. The stairs shall be hung on one side of or between the windows to which balconies are attached, and on the outer side of the balcony, and shall be stay-braced with a one-half (A) inch round brace rod attached to the side of stairs and firmly anchored in the wall six (6) feet above the floor of the balcony. From the lowest balcony to the ground there must be an iron stair counterbalanced so that the same shall remain in a horizontal position when not in use. This stair must be constructed in the man¬ ner and with the same material as those of upper bal¬ conies, except there will be only one hand rail. Where a suspended weight is used as a counterbalance, proper guides and a seat for weight must be provided. If, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Buildings, the construction of a counterbalance stair is not considered practicable, he may permit the substitution of a coun¬ terbalance drop ladder. (d) Balanced Drop Ladders and Stairs—From the balcony to the ground there must be an iron stairs counterbalanced so as to remain in a horizontal posi¬ tion when not in use by weights and cable. Weights to operate in iron guides fastened to the side of build¬ ing. The sides of stringers shall not be less than three inches in width and one-fourth of an inch in thickness. (e) Brackets—The brackets upon which the stairs are hung and upon which they rest shall be thirty (30) inches apart; all other brackets shall be not more than eighteen (18) inches apart. I he end brackets and those upon which the stairs rest and each alternate bracket shall extend through and be fastened upon the inside of the wall with five-eighths (54) of an inch 136 Building Code nuts and iron washers for bearings not less than four (4) inches outside diameter; all other brackets will be substantially wedged and leaded in the wall. The intermediate brackets which do not extend through the wall shall enter the wall to a depth of not less than four and one-half (4f4) inches, all brackets upon which balconies rest shall have a breadth of not less than one and one-half (1J4") inches, and a thickness of three-eighths (34) of an inch, and a length outside the wall of thirty-two (32) inches, except brackets used for staying the frame or railing of the balconies, which brackets shall extend eight (8) inches beyond the' width of the balcony, and shall have a width of one and one-half (lf4) inches and a thickness of three- eighths (34) of an inch. (f) Bracket Braces—Each bracket shall have at¬ tached in a substantial manner, at a distance of three- fourths (34) of its length outside of a wall, a brace three-fourths (34) of an inch scpiare, the bottom end of which shall be fastened into the wall with lead a depth of not less than two (2) inches at a distance below the bracket of not less than eighteen (18) inches. (g) Height of Balconies—The height of balcony rails shall be thirty (30) inches. (h) Balcony Frame—The low r er frame shall consist of one and one-fourth (1*4) inch angle iron, one-fourth (%) of an inch thick. The upper frame shall consist of one (1) inch angle iron, three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch thick. The ends of such frames shall extend through the walls and be secured by nuts and plates same as brackets. *(i) Uprights—For corners of balconies the uprights shall be one (1) inch angle iron, three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch thick; other uprights shall be not less than one (1) inch wide and one-fourth (/\) of an inch thick; the horizontal bar to cross pieces shall be not less than one (1) inch wide and three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch thick. (j) Length of Balconies—Balconies must in all cases, where practicable, cover two windows, unless otherwise directed by the Commissioner of Buildings. When over eight (8) feet and not exceeding sixteen (16) feet in length, shall each have attached at the center of its length a brace five-eighths '(34) of an inch square, 1 *As amended bv Ordinance No. 143-12, passed March 5, 1912. Building Code 137 fastened to the top rail of such balcony, and to a bracket provided for that purpose which extends eight (8) inches beyond the width of the balcony and at¬ tached substantially thereto. When balconies exceed sixteen (16) feet in length there shall be one such brace for every eight (8) feet of length thereof. The balcony frames shall be substantially secured to the brackets. (k) Platform or Floors—The platform or floors shall consist of wrought iron one and one-half (l : />) inches wide, three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch thick and not more than one and one-fourth (1%) inches apart, securely fastened to cross pieces of the same material and dimensions. These irons forming the platform must be fastened to the ends and side frames of the balcony. (l) Openings to Stairs—The well hole in the plat¬ form to the stairs shall not be less than thirty (30) inches lengthwise and twenty (20) inches crosswise with tlie balconies. (m) Framing Around Openings—The framing around the openings shall be one and one-fourth (Ipi) inch angle iron, three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch thick with an intermediate bracket extending into the wall two (2) inches. (n) The balconies shall be fastened to the outer wall of the building at a distance of not more than twelve (12) inches below the window sills. All rivets em¬ ployed in the construction of a fire escape shall be of good, soft, wrought iron, and shall have a diameter of not less than one-fourth (%) of an inch. Every fire escape on completion shall be given two (2) coats of metallic paint. The counterbalance cable supporting the weight shall not be less than three-eighths (Fs) of an inch in diameter, and the same must be securely fastened to said weight and must be carefully covered with metallic paint. (o) Any other type of fire escape may be used, pro^ vided that the Commissioner of Buildings will approve it as being as good at least as the requirements of the above specifications. Section 526. No person shall .at any time place or maintain any incumbrance before or upon any fire escape, under penalty as 'provided in Sections 576 and 577 herein. .Section 527. The owner, manager, or any person or persons having charge of any hotel in the city of ( in- cinnati shall have placards, bearing the inscription. “To the Fire Escape,” posted in a conspicuous place 138 Building Code in the corridors upon every floor, above the first floor, within the building, leading and pointing to the loca¬ tion of the fire escape. Any person refusing or neg¬ lecting to comply with the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction of same in the Police Court, be fined not less than ten ($10.00) dollars, with costs of prosecution. Section 528. Inspection of Fire-Escapes. The Commissioner of Buildings shall cause an inspec¬ tion to be made of all fire escapes on all buildings at least once a year, to ascertain whether the same are safe and not weakened by corrosion, and that the same are properly painted and kept in repair. He shall also cause to be made an inspection of such fire escapes at such times as may be required, to ascertain whether the same are being, at any time, obstructed in any manner whatever. Section 529. Scuttles and Ladders. All existing buildings shall be provided with a ladder and scuttle door to the roof of the building at the head of all stairs, or there shall be posted at the head of such stairs a direction to the ladder, scuttle or exit to the roof. In every building where boilers or ma¬ chinery are placed in the cellar or lowest story, there shall be a stationary iron ladder or stairs from such story leading directly to an outside exit. SUB-TITLE VI. SANITARY PROVISIONS. Chapter 1.—Light and Air. Section 530. Percentage of Lot Occupancy. Xo building hereafter erected on lots of which the percentage of lot occupancy is hereinafter limited shall occupy such a percentage of the lot as will interfere with facilities to suitably light and ventilate the build¬ ing, independent of the use of adjoining properties, unless the permission of such use of adjoining proper¬ ties has been obtained by deed duly executed and recorded. Tenement houses, hotels and lodging houses erected on corner lots twenty (20) feet or less in width may occupy one hundred (100) per cent, of the area of the lot, and such percentage may be figured for any Building Code 139 lot on the corner for the first twenty (20) feet; and if the lot has two corners, it may be figured from both corners. All corner lots in excess of twenty (20) feet, for the excess of one (1) # per cent, decrease in lot oc¬ cupancy, shall be figured for each foot in additional width until the* total width of (50) fifty feet has been reached, when the balance of the lot shall be figured as an inside lot. No tenement house, lodging house or hotel shall occupy more than seventy (70) per cent, of any inside lot, except that when the area of the lot is less than three thousand (3,000) scpiare feet, seventy- five (75) per cent, of the lot may be occupied, and when the area of the lot is less than two thousand (2,000) square feet, eighty (80) per cent, of the lot may be occupied. When any lot extends to an alley half the width of such alley may be figured as a portion of the lot in determining the area to be occupied. Fire escapes, chimneys and * flues not exceeding five (5) square feet of area shall not be deemed a part of the lot occupancy. Whenever the first story is occupied as an entirety for stores or other similar purposes, measurements specified determining percentage of the area of the lot occupied in relation to the necessary provisions for light and air may in every case begin at the level of the second tier of beams. No existing building shall be increased in size so as to occupy more of the lot than as above provided. Section 531. Light and Air in Cellars. All cellars under all buildings hereafter erected and now in existence shall be properly ventilated. In all new buildings, provision for ventilation in cellars shall be made by window or other openings or by vent flues. In existing buildings, where it would be impossible to cut in window openings, ventilation shall be provided by vent flues in Accordance with the requirements of the Commissioner of Buildings. Such vent flues shall, in all cases, be inclosed with incombustible material. All cellars in all existing buildings, not provided with windows, shall be provided with artificial light, either gas or electric, put in in accordance with the provi¬ sions of this code. Section 532. Light and Air in Buildings. All factories and workshops shall be properly pro¬ vided with windows sufficient to properly light and ventilate the same. Any room, excepting bathroom and watercloset compartments, occupied for living or 140 Building Code sleeping purposes in any tenement house, hotel or lodg¬ ing house hereafter erected, or in any such house erected prior to the passage of this code, or in any building hereafter altered anjl converted to such pur¬ poses, shall have at least one window opening directly upon the street, alley or yard, or court'of the dimen¬ sions prescribed in this code, and such window shall be located so as to properly light all portions of the room.' Section 533. Window Areas. In tenement houses hereafter erected or in buildings altered or converted for tenement house purposes, the total window area in each room, except waterclosets and bathrooms, shall be at least one-tenth (1-10) of the floor area in such room, but never less than twelve (12) square feet in area between the stop beads. The top of at least one window in a room shall not be less than eight (8) feet above the floor, and the sashes of said window shall open to the fullest possible extent. In every tenement house hereafter erected the public halls shall have either a window or skylight to suitably light and ventilate the same. All windows in all pub¬ lic halls of all tenement houses, hereafter erected, must open directly upon a street, alley, yard or court. The area of glazed windows shall not be less than twelve (12) square feet for each story. The area of glazed skylight shall not be less than twelve (12) square feet, and shall be increased three (3) square feet for each story above two. Public halls and corridors shall be lighted by windows either at the end of such hall or by windows at least every twenty (20) feet in the length of such hall or corridor. No window shall be less than twelve (12) square feet glazed surface, unless the number is increased to make the same total as above .required. Section 534. Lighting of Buildings. In every existing tenement house wherever a public hall on any floor is not light enough, in the estimation of the Commissioner of Buildings, the panels in the doors located at the ends of the public halls and open¬ ing into rooms shall be removed and translucent glass for an aggregate of not less than four (4) square feet for each door shall be substituted, or a fixed sash win¬ dow, glazed with similar glass of an area of not less than five (5) square feet may be cut into the partition Building Code 141 separating the hall from a room which opens directly upon a street, yard or court; or said public hall may be lighted by a window or windows at the end thereof with the pane of the window at right angles to axis of said hall, and such window or windows shall open upon a street, yard, court or shaft of the dimensions herein specified. In every house where the public halls and stairs are not provided with window opening directly to the street or yard or court, and such halls and stairs are, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Buildings, not sufficiently lighted, the owner of such hduse shall keep an approved light burning in the hallway near the stairs upon each floor, as may be nec¬ essary from sunrise to sunset. In every tenement house an approved light shall be furnished and main¬ tained by the owner in the public hallways and stairs, and such light shall be kept burning from sunset until 10 o’clock in the evening. Section 535. Windows to Be Kept Repaired. All windows in all tenement houses must be kept in good repair so that they can be readily opened for the admission of light and air. Section 536. Light in Existing Rooms. In all existing tenement houses having rooms with¬ out at least one (1) suitable window to a court or yard for the admission of light and air, such rooms shall be considered unfit for living or sleeping purposes, and shall not be occupied until the following requirements have been complied with. If such room adjoins upon another room having at least two (2) windows to the outside light and air and deemed to be sufficiently lighted by the Commissioner of Buildings, a window containing not less than fifteen (15) square feet of glazed surface may be placed in the partition between such rooms, such window to be made to open one-half of its area, and the opposite side of such dark room shall be provided with a vent flue surrounded by in¬ combustible material and extended to the roof of the building. Such vent flue shall not be less than one hundred and ten (110) square inches in area for each room that it ventilates, and shall be provided with an open grille or wire netting opening in the room, of one inch mesh, or a light and air shaft shall be cut through such budding for the purpose of ventilating and light¬ ing such room. Such light and air shait shall contain at 142 Building Code least twelve (12) square feet of area for each room that it serves. It shall be left open on top, and the sides shall be covered with either metal lath and plas¬ ter or other incombustible material and painted with a very light color of paint. The floor of such shaft shall be made water-proof, and provided with a drain extending down to an open drain, and shall not be connected directly to the sewer. Section 537. Light in Toilets. All water-closets in all tenement houses, lodging houses and hotels shall be properly lighted. Each com¬ partment shall have a window opening upon a street, alley, yard, court or shaft not less than four (4) feet deep and not less in area than twenty-five (25) square fe*et. Such a window shall have an area at least three (3) square feet for each compartment between stop beads,, and the entire window shall be made so as to open readily. When, however, such water-closet com¬ partment is lighted and ventilated by a skylight over it, no window shall be necessary, provided the roof of such skylight contains at least three (3) square feet of glazed surface for each compartment and is ar¬ ranged so as to be readily opened. Nothing in this # section in regard to ventilation of water-closet com¬ partments shall apply to a water-closet that is to re¬ place a defective fixture in the same position. The walls inclosing shafts, unless faced with light-colored brick, shall be whitewashed or painted with white paint, and the same shall be renewed as required by the Commissioner of Buildings. Section 538. Yards and Courts. Yards—All yards and courts in connection with tenement houses, lodging houses and hotels hereafter erected, unless herein otherwise prescribed, shall be at every point open to the sky unobstructed. Behind every such house hereafter erected, on an interior lot, there shall be a space extended entirely across the lot ten (10) feet deep, unless otherwise prescribed. If the space abuts upon an alley and is a “yard,” the alley may be considered as furnishing a portion of the space . needed for such yard, but the space from the center of the alley to the house shall never be less than eleven (11) feet. Such spaces shall be provided with ingress and egress, for the purpose of cleaning the same. Side yards sha 1 ! never be less than four (4) feet in width. Building Code 143 When any of the wall abutting on said side yard ex¬ ceeds in height twenty-four (24) feet and not more than thirty-six (36) feet above the floor of such yard, the width of such yard shall be increased to five (5) feet, and for every twelve (12) feet or fraction thereof above thirty-six (36) feet in height, the width shall be increased six (6) inches. The above specified width shall apply to side yards not exceeding fifty (50) feet in depth, and where such side yards exceed fifty (50) feet in depth, the width throughout shall be increased one (1) foot for every ten (10) feet or fraction thereof exceeding fifty (50) feet in depth. (a) Center Courts—Center courts shall never be less than twenty (20) feet in depth. Where any of the wall abutting on said center court exceeds the height of thirty-six (36) feet from the floor of the court, the depth of such center court shall be increased six (6) inches for every twelve (12) feet or fraction thereof exceeding thirty-six (36) feet in height. (b) Side Courts—Side courts on the lot line shall never be less than eight (8) feet in width and not less than twenty (20) feet in depth. Where any of the wall abutting on said side courts exceeds the height of thirty-six (36) feet above the floor of such side court, the width and depth of such side court shall be increased six (6) inches for every twelve (12) feet or fraction thereof exceeding thirty-six (36) feet in height. (c) Inclosed Courts—Inclosed courts shall never be less than eight (8) feet in width and not less than twenty (20) feet in depth. Where any of the wall abutting on such inclosed court is more than thirty-six (36) feet in height above the floor of the court, the width and depth of such court shall be increased six (6) inches for every twelve (12) feet or fraction thereof exceeding such thirty-six (36) feet in height. (d) End Courts—Open end courts abutting on a street or alley, having windows only on the back ends of the courts, shall not be less than four (4) feet in width nor more than twelve (12) feet in depth. When such courts have windows on the side of such courts, they shall not be less than eight (8) feet in width, and shall be increased for additional heights and depths beyond fifty (50) feet, the same as side yards. (e) Angles and Bays in Courts—Windows may be placed in the angles of courts, provided the running width of the angle wall does not exceed six (6) feet. 144 Building Code No angle will be permitted in side yards less than six (6) feet in width. Bays will, be permitted in side yards provided the length of the bay is- not more than twelve (12) feet and the width from the outer wall of the bay to the lot line is never less than four (4) feet, and the space between the bays not less than eight (8) feet. Recesses in any yards or courts shall never be less than four (4) feet in width, and shall not exceed their width in depth. The widths of re¬ cesses shall be graduated the same as the widths for side yards and courts. All courts above provided for, unless they commence at the second floor beams, shall have a fireproof passageway not less than three (3) feet wide and seven (7) feet high to a street, alley or yard. Such passageway may be provided with open grille gates but not closed doors. Section 539. Basement as Living Rooms. Every portion of a basement to be occupied for liv¬ ing purposes shall be properly lighted and ventilated and shall be at least seven and one-half (7 ]/ 2 ) feet in clear height in existing tenement houses and houses hereafter altered or converted to tenement purposes, but shall be at least eight (8) feet clear height in all houses hereafter erected. In tenement houses hereafter erected there shall be adjoining, and outside of every portion thus occupied for living purposes, and extending along its entire frontage, if it adjoins a street, an open area space not less than two (2) feet and six (6) inches wide, and said area must be covered with an open grating and have the bottom six (6) inches below the floor level of the basement, and it must be effectually drained. In all buildings all portions of the basement to be used for living purposes must have the floors and walls properly damp-proofed, and the walls resting directly upon the ground must have a damp-proofed course below the floor level to prevent dampness from rising into the walls, and walls coming -against banks must be furred, but not with wood. A basement room adjoining a yard or court may be occupied as a living or sleeping room, provided an open space six (6) inches below the floor of said room and properly drained shall extend along the entire frontage of such room, and the width of such space shall not be less than its depth. Cellars in all tenement houses shall be lighted and ventilated to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Buildings. Building Code 145 Section 540. Height and Size of Living Rooms. In every tenement house, every living room or sleep¬ ing room shall have a clear height in every part of the same at least seven and one-half (7^4) feet in existing tenement houses, and eight (8) feet in houses hereafter erected or converted for tenement purposes, provided that such rooms in the roof need be of such specified height in but one-half ( l / 2 ) of their areas. In every tenement house, all rooms except water-closet compart¬ ments and bathrooms shall be of the following mini¬ mum sizes. In each apartment there shall be at least one room containing not less than one hundred and twenty (120) square feet of floor area, but no rooms shall have less than six hundred (600) cubic feet of contents. All spaces less than seventy (70) square feet in area shall be considered closets or alcoves, but alcoves shall have one opening not less than six (6) feet wide from the floor to the top of the windows. No room in any tenement hpuse shall be so overcrowded that there shall be afforded less than four hundred (400) cubic feet of air to each adult, and two hun¬ dred (200) cubic feet of air to each child under twelve (12) years of age occupying such room. Chapter 2. — Toilet Facilities and Cleanliness of Buildings. Section 541. Toilet Facilities in Stores, Factories and Workshops. All stores, factories and workshops shall be pro¬ vided with proper facilities for the use of all em¬ ployes. There shall be at least one (1) water-closet and one (1) wash sink in every store, factory or work¬ shop where any help whatever is employed, and shall be increased in proportion so that there will be at least one (1) for every twenty (20) people employed. All stores occupying more than five thousand (5,000) square feet of floor area and used for general retail business shall be provided with toilet facilities for the use of the public. Such toilet facilities shall consist of at least one (1) wash sink and one (1) water-closet. Section 542. Toilet Facilities in Hotels and Lodg¬ ing Houses. In all hotels and lodging houses proper toilet facili¬ ties shall be provided as follows: Where the hotel or 146 Building Code lodging house is occupied by one or both sexes, there shall be one (1) separate compartment for each sex occupying the same. Each compartment shall be equip¬ ped with a washstand or sink, a water-closet and a bath, and there shall be at least one (1) water-closet, one (1) washstand or sink and (1) bath for every ten (10) rooms in such building. The baths may consist of tub baths or shower baths, but there shall be at least one (1) tub bath or one (1) shower bath in every such house. Such bath shall be provided with hot and cold water. Section 543. Toilet Facilities in Tenements. In every building hereafter erected for or converted to tenement house purposes there shall be (except as hereinafter provided) a separate water-closet for each apartment, placed in a separate compartment within the apartment not less than two (2) feet and six (6) inches wide in the clear. Said compartment shall be inclosed with plastered partitions extending from the floor to the ceiling. But nothing in this section shall prevent a water-closet from being placed in a bath¬ room, or in a compartment adjoining a bathroom, pro¬ vided it is connected with the same by a window simi¬ lar to the one heretofore specified. When, however, apartments consist of one or two rooms each, there may be one water-closet for each two apartments, pro¬ vided the aggregate number of rooms in the two apart¬ ments does not exceed three (3), and, provided further, that the water-closet is between or adjacent to the apartment and is not separated from either of them by a public hallway, and is accessible to each of them with¬ out passing through a room of another apartment. No water-closet shall be maintained in the cellar of any tenement house without a special permit in writing from the Commissioner of Buildings, and the compart¬ ment containing same must be properly lighted and ven¬ tilated in a manner approved by the Commissioner of Buildings. Every water-closet compartment in every tenement house, lodging house or hotel shall be pro¬ vided with proper means of lighting same at night. ^Section 544. Water-Closet Inclosures. In all now existing tenement houses, lodging houses *As amended by Ordinance No. 181-12, passed March 26, 1912. Building Code 147 and hotels, the woodwork inclosing water-closets shall be removed from the front of said closets and the space underneath the seat shall be left open, and the door be¬ neath and around the closet shall be maintained in good order and repair; and, if of wood, shall be kept well painted with light-colored paint. All water-closets shall be supplied with water from suitable tanks, except where the water-closets are exposed to frost, in which case the flushing device shall be of anti-freezing design. In all existing tenement houses there shall be at least one water-closet for every two apartments; provided, however, that three single room apartments shall be considered the equivalent of two apartments; and pro¬ vided further, that there shall be at least one water- closet for each floor. ’ -(-Section 545. Vaults. On all premises connected to the public sewer where vaults or school sinks or catch basins are now in ex¬ istence on such premises such vaults must be abol¬ ished, and such school sinks or catch basins, if found to be in an unsanitary condition by the Board of Health or the Commissioner of Buildings, must be abolished, and such vaults or catch basins or school sinks emptied and thoroughly disinfected, and filled with earth or else, with the approval of the Commissioner of Buildings, covered with stone or concrete, at least four (4) feet below the surface of the earth, and no new vaults, catch basins or school sinks may be con¬ structed on any premises. In place of such abolished vaults, outside water-closets may be constructed as hereinafter provided, and used in connection with exist¬ ing tenement houses, and they may be constructed with and their contents discharged into such public sewers. Such water-closets must be constructed of vitrified earthenware or poreclain-lined cast iron and have suit¬ able flushing apparatus, and must in every respect be an approved water-closet outfit, provided that suitable provision be made to prevent freezing and to keep the closets at all times in proper working order. ^Section 546. Outside Water-Closets. Wherever there are outside water-closets there shall be over the same a structure of sufficient size to con- fAs amended by Ordinance No. 71-13, passed Feb¬ ruary 4, 1913. *As amended by Ordinance No. 181-12, passed March 26, 1912. 148 Building Code - tain a separate compartment for each water-closet. Each compartment shall be not less than two (2) feet and six (6) inches by four (4) feet in the clear. The structure shall not exceed ten (10) feet in height, and the same shall not be considered as increasing the per- centum of the lot occupied, provided it does not occupy more than fifty (50) percentum of the open space or yard in which it is placed, and provided further that the use of said structure is limited solely to water- closet purposes. Each compartment must be provided with a door and a lock. If it is impossible to provide a window in the compartment, the upper part of the door must have a glass panel 12x24 inches, the same to be glazed with translucent glass. If there be room for a window, it must be provided, the sash to open. Proper and adequate means must be provided for lighting the entrance to each compartment at night. Wherever such water-closets in existing tenement houses are not pro¬ vided in the yard, they must be provided within the house, subject to all the conditions governing water- closets as herein provided. Section 547. Water-Closet Floors. All water-closet compartments in all buildings, except in private dwelling houses hereafter erected, must have a water-proof sanitary floor. Such water-proofing must run up at least six (6) inches on the sides of the walls, provided, however, that in existing buildings where new water-closets are placed or in dwelling houses, the water-closet may be set on a marble slab or tile or other non-absorbent, incombustible material, not less than seven-eighths (%) inch thick, extending at least one (1) foot in front of the bowl of such closet, and not less than thirty (30) inches in width. No water- closet shall be set directly on top of a wood floor. Section 548 . Where any building is in the course of construction or is remodeled, the owner or agent shall maintain a suitable and sanitary water-closet in or con¬ venient to such building, which shall be accessible to employes on the building at all times from the comple¬ tion of the grading of the cellar until a permanent water-closet is established in the building. And it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Buildings to en¬ force this section. Any owner of any such building or his agent or superintendent of construction, who shall fail to make the provisions herein specified., shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction in the Building Code 149 Police Court, be fined in any sum not exceeding twenty- five ($25.00) dollars, and in addition thereto five ($5.00) dollars per day for each and every day that such vio¬ lation shall continue, after having*received notice from the Commissioner of Buildings. * Section 549. Water Supply. In all new tenement houses there shall be in each apartment a sink with running water. In all now exist¬ ing tenement houses there shall be at least one sink for every two apartments, except single-room apart¬ ments, in which case there shall be at least one sink for every three apartments. But there shall be at least one sink on each floor. In all now existing tenement houses the woodwork inclosing sinks located in the pub¬ lic halls or stairs shall be removed, and the space under¬ neath said sinks shall be left open, and the floors and wall surface beneath and around the sink shall be main¬ tained in good order and repair, and, if of wood, shall be kefit well painted with light-colored paint. Section 550. Cleanliness of Buildings. In all tenement houses, lodging houses and hotels now in existence or hereafter erected, or buildings hereafter converted to such purposes, the cellar walls and ceilings shall be thoroughly whitewashed or painted a light color by the owner, and shall be so maintained as required by the Commissioner of Buildings. Every tenement, lodging house and hotel and all parts thereof shall be kept in good repair. All rain water and drain¬ age shall be conveyed away from thg building, so as to prevent dampness in the walls. All areas, yards and courts, also shafts, must be thoroughly drained. Every tenement house, lodging house and hotel in all its parts shall be kept clean and free from an accumu¬ lation of dirt, filth or garbage or other material in or on the same, or in the yards, courts, passages, areas or alleys connected with or belonging to the same. (a) The owner of every tenement house, lodging- house or hotel, or part thereof, shall cause to be kept thoroughly clean all parts of the premises not within the occupied apartments. No person shall place filth, urine or fecal matter in any place in a tenement house, lodging house or hotel other than provided for the *As amended by Ordinance No. 181-12, passed March 150 Building Code same, or keep filth, urine or fecal matter in his apart¬ ments or upon premises such length of time as to create a nuisance; and every tenant shall keep his apartment in clean and sanitary condition. The walls of courts and shafts, unless built in a light-colored .brick or stone, shall be thoroughly whitewashed or painted a light color, and shall be so maintained. Such whitewash or paint shall be renewed as required by the Commissioner of Buildings.. The owner of every tenement house, lodging house or hotel shall provide for said build¬ ing sufficient metallic conveniences or receptacles for ashes, rubbish, garbage, refuse and other matter, and such receptacles shall be kept in proper condition. Section 551. Access to Rooms. In every apartment of three or more rooms in an apartment house, lodging house or a tenement house hereafter erected, access to every living room and bed¬ room and to at least one (1) water-closet compartment shall be had without passing through any bedroom. Section 552. Ventilation of Toilet Rooms. All toilet rooms for the use of the public or em¬ ployes shall be provided with a ventilating system that will keep such rooms positively ventilated at all times while open for use. Chapter 3. —Plumbing. * Section 553. Sewer Connections. Wherever a public sewer of the combined type is provided in any street or alley, all the premises abut¬ ting upon the same, unless they are vacant lots, shall be" connected to such public sewers, and all soil pipes, waste pipes, drain pipes and pipes conducting rain water or surface water shall be connected thereto; and wher¬ ever such sewer is provided in front of any premises it shall be unlawful to drain into the gutter of the street for any purpose; and wherever a public sewer known as a sanitary sewer for conveying sewerage only, and not for carrying off storm water, is provided in any street or alley, all the premises abutting upon the same, un¬ less they are vacant lots, shall be connected with such public sewer, and all soil pipes, waste pipes and dram *As amended by Ordinance No. 641—13, passed No¬ vember 18, 1913. Building Code 151 pipes other than those conducting rain water or surface water shall be connected thereto; and it shall be un¬ lawful to connect any pipe or pipes conveying rain water or surface water with any sanitary sewer; and the rain or surface water, if not drained into a natural water course, shall be carried under the sidewalk to the gutter either through a vitrified sewer pipe or iron pipe so laid as to be entirely below the grade of the walk or through a cross gutter having an iron cover flush with the top surface of the walk, unless there be provided in front of said premises a storm sewer, in which case said connection for rain water or surface water shall be made into said storm sewer. All such sewer connections on all existing buildings shall be made immediately. Whenever any alterations requir¬ ing a permit are made on premises connected with a sanitary sewer by any leader or pipe now conveying rain water or surface water from any premises into a sanitary sewer through connections made prior to the passage of this ordinance, the said leader or pipe must be disconnected and the rain water or surface water disposed of as herein provided. On all existing con¬ nections of any public sewer, where such drainage sys¬ tems contain a house-trap, such house-trap shall be removed whenever any alterations requiring a permit are made to any portion of the plumbing on such drain¬ age system; or, whenever the trap shall be required to be taken up for cleaning or repairing, then such drain¬ age system shall be connected up directly without any trap intervening between the main drain in the house and the public sewer, and no vertical lines extend¬ ing to the roof in such building, except leaders, shall be trapped from such main drain. Existing houses here¬ after connected to a public sewer where the fixtures are not provided with proper ventilated traps upon the fixtures, such ventilated traps shall be installed in accordance with the requirements hereinafter provided. Where the present sewer connection in existing houses is made directly to a catch basin or cesspool without any vertical untrapped risers to the roof, ventilation to the roof shall be provided for such sewer connection as shall be approved by the Commissioner of Buildings. No trap will hereafter bd permitted on any main house sewer, soil or waste or vent pipe. Sec. 553-1. Whenever the City Engineer shall report that any rain or surface water discharging from any premises into a sanitary sewer through connections 152 Building Code made prior to the passage of this ordinace is causing said sewer to overflow Ur flood any premises connected therewith, it shall be the duty of the Director of Pub¬ lic Service to notify the owner or owners to change said connections within thirty days, and upon failure of said owner or owners so to do, within the time spec¬ ified, the Director of Public Service shall have same done, and the cost and expense of so doing shall be charged to and become a lien upon same premises and collected from said owner or owners in the same man¬ ner as provided by law for the collection of ‘assess¬ ments. Section 554. Quality of Materials. All material used for the installation of plumbing must be of best quality, free from defects, and all work must be executed in a thorough workmanlike manner. (a) Cast Iron Piping—All cast iron pipe and fittings must be coated with coal tar preservation solution, sound, cylindrical and smooth, free from all defects, and of uniform thickness, and where used for house drain must be of the grade known in commerce as “extra heavy.” All joints must be made with picked oakum and molten lead, and made gas and water tight. Twelve (12) ounces of fine, soft pig lead must be used at each joint for each inch in diameter of the pipe, and well caulked when cold. (b) Soil and Waste Pipes—No building will be al¬ lowed to have more than four (4) stories of standard weight of soil and waste pipe; all buildings over this height must use extra heavy cast iron pipe, galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe commencing at the foot of riser so that the standard weight of pipe will always be only on the top four stories. All -wrought iron and steel pipes must be equal in quality to “standard,” and must be properly tested. All pipe must be lap-welded. No plain black or uncoated pipe or fittings will be permitted on waste or soil lines. (c) Vent Pipes—Pipes used for vent purposes, may be cast iron, wrought iron or steel pipe, tar-coated. Fit¬ tings for vent pipes of wrought iron or steel pipes may be the ordinary cast iron steam or water fittings, tar- coated same as pipe. (d) Wrought or Steel Piping—The fittings to wrought iron or steel for waste or soil pipe and refrigerator waste pipes must be'the special heavy cast iron recessed and threaded drainage fittings, with smooth interior Building Code 153 ✓ waterway and threads tapered, so as to give uniform grade to branches. The ends of all pipes shall be screwed down to the bottom of all recesses in fittings. All fittings for wrought iron and steel pipe must be galvanized if malleable, and, if cast iron, tarcoated. All joints to be screwed joints made up with red lead, and the burr formed in cutting must be carefully reamed out. (e) Ferrules—All connections on lead pipes and be¬ tween same and all other metal pipes shall be made with plumbers’ wiped joints, using brass soldering nipples or ferrules when connections are on iron pipes. Brass fer¬ rules must be of best quality beaded cast brass, not less than four (4) inches long, and two and ,one-quarter (2 %), three and one-half (3*4) and four and one-half ( 4 ^ 2 ) inches in diameter, suited for two (2) inch, three (3) inch and four (4) inch pipes respectively, and not less than the following weights : -Diameters Weights 1% inches.0 pound 8 ounces 2*4 inches.1 pound 0 ounces ,3^2 inches.1 pound 12 ounces 4f4 inches.2 pounds 8 ounces Soldering nipples must be heavy cast brass or of brass pipe, iron pipe size. When cast brass they must not be less than the following weights : Diameters • Weights l l / 2 inches.0 pound 8 ounces 2 inches.'.0 pound 14 ounces 2 l / 2 inches.1 pound 6 ounces 3 inches.2 pounds 0 ounces 4 inches.:.3 pounds 8 ounces (f) Cleanouts—Brass screw caps for cleanouts must be extra heavy, not less than one-eighth (%) of an inch thick. The screw cap must have a solid square or hexagonal nut, not less than five-eighths (%) of an inch high, with at least diameter of one and one-half (V/i) inches. The body of the cleanout ferrule must be at least equal in weight and thickness to the caulking fer¬ rule for the same size pipe. Where cleanouts are re¬ quired by rules and approved plans, the screw cap must be of brass. The engaging parts must have not less than six (6) threads, of iron pipe size and be tapered. Cleanouts must be of full size of trap up to four (4) inches in diameter, and not less than four (4) inches for larger traps. 154 Building Code (g) Lead \\ astes—The use of lead pipe is restricted to the short branches of the soil and waste pipes, bends and traps, and roof connections of inside leaders. “Short branches” of lead pipe to be construed to mean not more than: 6 feet of 1J4 inch pipe 5 feet of iy 2 inch pipe 4 feet of 2 inch pipe 2 feet of 3 inch pipe 2 feet of 4 inch pipe All connections between lead pipes and between brass or copper pipes must be made by means of wiped sold¬ ered joints, and all copper flanges of all sanitary fix¬ tures, and all connections between said fixtures and waste or soil pipe, where said connections are on the outlet or sewer side of the trap, shall be made without the use of red lead, putty, plaster, rubber cement or any other similar substances, water-closets excepted. All lead, waste, soil, vent and flush pipes must be of the best quality and not less than the following weights per foot: Diameters Wts. per lin. ft. 1% inches.2^4 pounds l l / 2 inches.3^4 pounds 2 inches.4 pounds 3 inches.6 pounds 4 inches..-.8 pounds Lead traps and bends must be of the same weights and thickness as their corresponding pipe branches. Sheet lead for roof flashings must be not less than four (4) pound lead, and must extend not less than six (6) indies from the pipe, and the joint made water tight Copper tubing when used for inside leader roof con¬ nections must be seamless drawn tubing, not less than 11 -gauge, and when used for roof flashings must not be less than 18-gauge. Section 555. Sewerage and Drainage. The entire plumbing and drainage system of each building must be entirely separate and independent of that of any other building, except where there are two buildings on one lot, one in the rear of the other, then same sewer may be used for both buildings. Each building must be separately and independently connected with a public or private sewer or cesspool. Every build¬ ing must have its sewer connections directly in front of the building, unless permission is otherwise granted Building Code 155 by the Commissioner of Buildings, and the rise in the sewer from the main sewer must not be less than one- quarter 04) °f an inch to the foot nor more than one- half 04) of an inch to the foot. Where there is no sewer in the street or avenue, and it is possible to con¬ struct a private sewer to connect in an adjacent street or avenue, a private sewer must be constructed. It must be laid outside the curb under the roadway of the street. Section 556. House Sewer and Drain. Old house sewers can be used in connection with the new building or new plumbing onlv when they are found on examination by the Commissioner of Build¬ ings to conform with the requirements governing new sewers. All new house sewers shall be of either extra heavy cast-iron pipe with caulked joints or earthen¬ ware pipes with well cemented joints, laid solidly on the natural ground or laid on a proper bed of concrete where the subsoil has not been filled in. The house drain and its branches must be of extra heavy cast iron or vitrified salt-glazed sewer pipe when under the ground. All house drains when laid on filled ground must be laid on a bed of Portland cement concrete, not less than six (6) inches thick and twelve (12) inches wide. The house drain must be properly connected with the house sewer at a point five (5) feet outside of the outer front wall or area wall of the building. An arched or other proper opening must be provided for the drain in the wall to prevent damage by settle¬ ment. If the house drain be above the cellar floor, the house drain must be properly supported at intervals of not less than ten feet on iron pipe supports, or sus¬ pended from floor beams with heavy iron pipe hangers. If the drain is carried along wall, it may be supported on heavy pipe hooks. No steam, exhaust or drip pipe under pressure shall be connected into the house drain or any of its branches. All such pipe shall be made to discharge into a properly made cast iron or wrought iron closed blow-off tank that shall be fitted with a trap having a water seal twenty-four (24) inches deep. A vapor or relief pipe of ample size shall be carried from the tank to chimney stack above roof for escape of steam; the waste from same shall be connected to house drain with wrought iron or steel pipes with screw¬ ed joints. In low-pressure steam or hot-water sys¬ tems the condensing tank may be omitted, but the waste connections must be otherwise as above specified, 156 Building Code or else discharge into open tank or sink supplied with water. The house drain and house sewer must be run as direct as possible, with a fall of at least one-eighth (%) of an inch per foot, all changes in direction made with Sanitary T or Y branches and one-eighth or other long-sweep bends. The house sewer up to ? with¬ in five (5) feet of the building must not be less than five X 5 ) inches in diameter, and the house drain-must not be less than four (4) inches in diameter where water-closets discharge into them. Where rain water discharges into them, the house sewer and the house drain must be in accordance with the following table : Fall Ft Inch Fall 3,000 sq. 5,000 7,500 ft. .10,300 ft: .13,600 ft. .17,400 areas the same proportion*. Full size Y and T branch fittings for hand-hole clean¬ outs must be provided where required on house drain and its branches. Diams. 4 inch, inch. inch. inch. inch. Per Foot. 2,000 sq. ft 4,500 5,000* 6,900 9.100 sq. sq. sq. sq. inch.. 11,600 sq. And for larger ft. ft. sq. sq. sq. sq. sq. Inch Per Foot, ft. of drainage of ft. of drainage of ft. of drainage of ft. of drainage of ft. of drainage of ft. of drainage of area area area area area area Section 557. Cesspools and Privy Vaults. Cesspools and privy vaults will be permitted to be built only after it has been shown to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Buildings that their use is ab¬ solutely necessary. When allowed, they must be con¬ structed strictly in accordance with the terms of the permit issued by the Commissioner of Buildings. Cess¬ pools must not be used as privy vaults. Cesspools and privy vaults must be at least twenty-five (25) feet from any building, and should be on the same lot with the building for which it is intended. Cesspools and privy vaults, when constructed of brick, must be nine (9) inches thick, of stone, twenty-one (21) inches thick. All cesspools and privy vaults must be made water-tight. As soon as it is possible to connect with a public sewer, the owner must have such cesspool or privy vault emptied, cleaned out and disinfected and filled with fresh earth, and have a sewer connection made in the manner herein prescribed. Section 558. Drains. All yards, areas and courts must be drained. Tene¬ ment houses must have their yards, areas and courts 157 Building Code drained into sewer where practicable. These drains, when sewer connected, must have connections not less than four (4) inches in diameter. They must be con¬ trolled by trap—a leader trap if possible. Cellar drains will be permitted only where they can be connected to a trap with a permanent water seal. Subdrains, if be¬ low sewer, should discharge into sump or receiving tank, the contents of which must be lifted and dis¬ charged into the drainage system above the cellar bot¬ tom by some approved method. Where directly sewer- connected, they must be cut off from the rest of the plumbing system by a brass flap-valve on the inlet to the catch-basin, and the trap on drain from the catch- basin must be water supplied, as required for cellar drains. Floor or other drains will only be permitted when it can be shown to the satisfaction of the Com¬ missioner of Buildings that their use is absolutely neces¬ sary, and arrangements made to maintain a permanent water seal in the traps. * Section 559. Leaders. All buildings shall be kept provided with proper metallic leaders for conducting water from roofs in such a manner as shall protect the wads and founda¬ tions of said buildings from injury. Where a public sewer, other than a sanitary sewer, is located in the street in front of said buildings, the water shall be conducted by pipe or pipes to the sewer, but where . said public sewer is a sanitary sewer for conveying sewerage only, and not for carrying off storm water, the water from said leaders shall be. disposed of in the manner provided for in Section 553 as amended. Inside leaders must be of cast iron, galvanized wrought iron, galvanized steel, copper or brass, with roof con¬ nections made gas and water tight by means of a heavy lead or copper drawn tubing wiped or soldered to a brass ferule or nipple caulked or screwed into the pipe. Outside leaders may be of sheet metal, but where said leaders are connected with the house drain as here¬ inbefore required, the connection with said house drain must be by means of a cast iron pipe extending ver¬ tically above the grade level, and leaders so connected must be trapped with suitable traps so placed as to prevent freezing. Rain water leaders must not be used * As amended by Ordinance No. 0-11-13, passed No¬ vember 18, 1913. 158 Building* Code as soil, waste leaders or vent pipes; nor shall any such soil, waste or vent pipe be used as a leader. Section 560. Installation of Piping. All pipe lines must be supported at the base on brick piers or by heavy iron hangers from the ceiling beams of the cellar, and along the line with heavy iron hangers at intervals of not more than ten (10) feet. All pipes issuing from extensions or elsewhere, wdiich would otherwise open within twelve (12) feet of* the window of any building, must ‘be extended above the highest roof and well away and above all windows. The arrangement of all pipes must be as straight and direct as possible. Offsets will be permitted only when un¬ avoidable. In every building where there is a leader connected to the drain, if there are any plumbing fixtures, there must be at least one (1) four (4) inch pipe extending above the roof for ventilation. Section 561. Soil and Waste Pipes. All main, soil or waste pipes must be of cast iron, galvanized wrought iron, galvanized steel or brass. When they receive the discharge of fixtures on any floor above the first, they must be extended in full caliber at least one (1) foot above the roof coping and well away from all shafts, chimneys, wfindows or other ventilating openings. When less than four (4) inches in diameter they must be enlarged to four (4) inches at a point not less than one (1) foot below the roof surface by an increaser not less than nine (9) inches long. Each pipe, w T hen passing through the roof, must have a copper wire basket over the month of the same. Soil and waste pipes must have proper sanitary T or Y branches for all connections. No connections to lead branches for water-closets or slop sinks will be per¬ mitted, except the required branch vent. Branch soil and waste pipes must have a fall of at least one-eighth ( T /s) of an inch per foot. Short T Y branches will be permitted on vertical lines only. Long-sweep one-quar¬ ter (BO bends and long-sweep T Y’s are permitted. Double hubs, short roof increasers and common offsets, bands and saddles are prohibited. The diameters of soil and waste pipes must not be less than those given in the following table : Horizontal Runs. 1 to 6 w r ater-closets.4-inch pipe 7 to 12 yvater-closets.,.5-inch pipe 13 to 20 w r ater-closets.6-inch pipe Building Code 159 Vertical Runs. 1 water-closet. > .3-inch pipe 1 to 12 water-closets.4-inch pipe 13 to 25 water-closets.5-inch pipe 26 to 40 water-closets.6-inch pipe Small fixtures, in small numbers not to exceed twice the number of water-closets, may discharge into the lines specified without increasing their size, but when the small fixtures exceed in number this ratio, four (4) other fixtures shall be considered equal to one (l) water-closet. When three (3) inch pipe is used for water-closet purposes, one offset will only be allowed, and must be made with 45 degree bends. The waste from bath and washstand may be connected to the three (3) inch pipes, but must be properly revented to prevent syphonage. Section 562. Vent Pipes. All traps must be protected from syphonage and back pressure, and drainage system ventilated by special lines of vent pipes, except where otherwise provided for. All vent pipe lines and main branches must be of iron, steel or brass; no sheet metal, brick or other flue shall be used as such a vent pipe. They must be in¬ creased in diameter and extend above the roof as re¬ quired for waste pipes. They may be connected with - the adjoining soil or waste line well above the highest fixtures, but this will not be permitted where there are fixtures on more than six floors. All waste pipes, serv¬ ing sinks, wash tubs, urinals and lavatories, also other fixtures of corresponding character, shall be increased one pipe size in diameter where two or more of the said fixtures are discharged into the same. All offsets must be made at an angle of not less than forty-five (45) de¬ grees to the horizontal, and all vent lines must be con¬ nected at the bottom with a soil or waste pipe or the drain in such a manner as to prevent the accumulation of rust scale. 'Branch vent pipes should be kept above the top of all connecting fixtures, to prevent the use of vent pipes as soil pipes or waste pipe. Branch -rent pipes should be connected not more than three (3) feet from the trap. Earthenware traps for water-closets and slop sinks must be ventilated from the branch soil or waste pipe not more than three (3) feet from fixtures, and this vent pipe must be so connected as to prevent obstruction, and no waste pipe connected between it and 160 Building Code the fixture. The size of vent pipes throughout must not he less than the following: For all traps four (4) inches and over, vent not les^ than one-half (/) of its diameter. Three-inch trap to have a two (2) inch vent. Two-inch trap to have a one and one-half (V/ 2 ) inch vent. For all traps one and one-half (l/ 2 ) inches and small- . er, the vent pipe shall be full size of same. Section 563. Size Without Reventing. Where lines of wastes are used exclusively for kit¬ chen sinks, urinals and washstands, they can be run without reventing, but must be of proper size and area to prevent syphonage and back pressure. Size of pipe to the following table : Sinks and Urinals. .2-inch pipe ..3-inch pipe .4-inch pipe Washstands. 1 to 2.2-inch 2 to 6.3-inch 4 to 10. 4-inch And increased proportionately for any additional fixtures that may be added. Where sinks and washstands are installed in this manner, they must be properly trapped with non¬ syphon trap, and no fixture (trap) must be set up away from the main pipe more than three (3) feet. Not more than three (3) water-closet traps shall be served by a two (2) inch pipe, and no more than thirty (30) feet of said pipe shall be used between the fixtures and main vent pipe. Not more than twelve (12) from a three (3) inch pipe; and not more than forty (40) from a four (4) inch pipe. Vent pipes serving small fixtures that discharge into soil pipes must connect with vent pipes of same. Vent pipes serving small fix¬ tures shall not be longer than fifteen (15) feet of one and one-quarter (V/) inch pipe, serving one (1) wash- stand, or twenty (20) feet of one and one-half (V/ 2 ) inch pipe, serving a one and one-half (V/ 2 ) inch trap. pipe pipe pipe 1 2 to 4 4 to 7 Building Code 161 Section 564. Traps. No form of trap will be permitted to be used that is not self-cleansing, or has interior—chamber of mechanism, nor any trap, except earthenware ones, that depend upon interior partitions or pipes for a seal, and no bell or D-trap will be permitted. Every fixture must be separately trapped by a water-sealing trap, placed as close to the fixture outlet as possible. A set of wash trays may connect with a single trap, or into the trap of an adjoining sink, provided that both sink and tub waste outlets are on the same side of the waste line, and the sink is nearest the line. A set not exceeding four (4) sectional wash basins may be similarly connected with single trap. The dis¬ charge from any fixture must not pass through more than one (1) trap before reaching the house drain. All traps must be well supported and set true with re¬ spect to their water levels. All fixtures other than water-closets and urinals, must have strong metallic strainers or bars over the outlets to prevent obstruction of the waste pipe. All exposed or accessible traps, except water-closet traps, must have brass trap screws for cleaning the trap, or other approved methods, placed on the inlet side or below the water level. All iron traps, yard and other drains and leaders, must be run¬ ning traps with hand-hole clean-outs of full size of the traps when the same are less than five (5) inches. Overflow pipes from fixtures must in all cases be con¬ nected on the inlet side of traps. No trap shall be placed at the foot of soil and waste lines. The sizes of traps must not be less than those given in the fol¬ lowing : Traps for closets, outside hop’s....4 in. in diameter Traps for slop sinks .2 in. in diameter Traps for kitchen sinks.1 r /^ in. in diameter Traps for wash trays. ........ V /2 in. in diameter Traps for urinals.2 in. in diameter Traps for wash basins.1 % in - in diameter Traps for leaders, areas, floor and other drains must be at least four (4) inches in diameter. No slip or packed joint will be permitted to be used on soil, waste or vent pipes on sewer side of traps. Section 565. Safe and Refrigerator Waste Pipes. Safe and refrigerator waste pipes must be of the same material as specified for soil waste and vent pipes, 162 Building Code and to be not less than one and one-half (V/i) inches in diameter, with lead branches of the same size, with strainers over inlets, secured by a bar soldered to the lead branch. Safe waste pipes must not be connected up directly with any part of the plumbing system. The safe waste pipes from refrigerators must be trap¬ ped separately, and must not discharge upon the ground floor. They must discharge over an ordinary portable pan, or over some properly trapped water-supplied sink. In no case shall the refrigerator waste discharge over a sink located in a room used for living purposes. The branches on vertical lines must be made of Y fittings and carried up to the safe with as much pitch as pos¬ sible. Lead safes must be graded and neatly turned over bevel strips at their edges. Where there is an offset or change in direction on a refrigerator waste- pipe, there must be clean-outs to control all parts of the pipe. In tenement houses the refrigerator waste pipe must extend above the roof, and must not be smaller than two (2) inches, nor th‘e branches smaller than one and one-half ( 1 ^ 2 ) inches. Section 556. Fixtures. AH water-closets must have flushing rim bowls; “pipe-wash” bowls or hoppers will not be permitted. Long hoppers will not be permitted, except where there is exposure to frost. The connections to traps, where not otherwise provided for, must be made to the main soil, waste or vent pipe by means of lead-caulked or screwed joints. Water-closets must never be connected directly with or flushed from the city water supply pipes. Water-closets and urinals must be flushed from tanks, the water from which is used for no other pur¬ pose. When flushing valves are used, they must be supplied from tanks provided for that purpose only, and in no case are connections to be made direct with them and the city water service pipe. The overflow of tanks may discharge into the bowls of the closets, but in no case to connect with any part of the drain¬ age system. Latrine-trough water-closets will not be allowed to be used, except during construction of a building, and then only on a written permit of the Commissioner of Buildings. Water-closet flush pipes must not be less than one and one-fourth (1J4) inches and urinal flush pipes one (1) inch in diameter, and, if of lead, must not weigh less than two and one-half ( 2 ^ 2 ) pounds and two (2) pounds per lineal foot. Building Code 163 Flush couplings must be of full size of the pipe. Plat¬ forms or treads of urinal stalls must never be con¬ nected independently to the plumbing system, nor can they be connected to any safe waste pipe. Wooden wash trays are prohibited. Cement, freestone or arti¬ ficial stone trays will not be permitted, unless the mater¬ ial is impervious. Section 567. Supplies. All water-closets and other plumbing fixtures must •be provided with a sufficient supply of water for flush¬ ing to keep them in a proper and cleanly condition. When the water pressure is not sufficient to supply freely and continuously all fixtures, a house supply tank must be provided of sufficient size to afford an ample supply of water to all fixtures at all times. If the water pressure is not sufficient to fill the house tank, suitable pumps or other means must be provided for filling them in all descriptions of buildings. Tanks must be covered so as to exclude all dust, and must be so located as to prevent water contamination by gas and odors from any source. House supply tanks must be of wood or iron, or of wood lined with tinned and plan¬ ished copper or lead. In no case shall the overflow be connected with any part of the plumbing system. The overflow pipe should discharge upon the roof where possible, and in such cases should be brought down to within six (6) inches of the roof, or if it must be trap¬ ped and discharged over an open and water-supplied sink not in the same room, not over two (2) feet above the floor. No service pipes or supplying pipes should be run, and no tanks, flushing cisterns or water-supplied fixtures should be placed where they will be exposed to frost. If necessary to be so placed, they shall be prop¬ erly protected to prevent freezing. Section 568. Tests. The entire plumbing and drainage system, whether of stone or iron pipe, within the building must be tested by the plumber in the presence of the Commissioner of Buildings or his assistants, under a water or smoke test as directed. The drainage system shall be tested bv a water test of not less than five (5) pounds to the square inch. The plumbing system above the drainage shall be tested either by the water test or by the smoke test, and said tests shall include all joints and connections in the entire plumbing system. All pipes must remain uneov- 164 Building Code ered in every part until they have successfully passed the test. The plumber must securely close all openings, as directed by the Commissioner of Buildings. The use of wooden plugs for this purpose is prohibited. The water test will be applied by closing the lower end of the main house drain and filling the pipes to the highest opening above the roof with water. The test shall in¬ clude at one time the house drain and branches, all ver¬ tical and horizontal soil, waste and vent, and all branches therefrom to a point above the surface of the finished floor, and beyond the finished face of the walls and partitions. Deviations from the above rule will not be permitted, unless upon'written application to and approval by the Commissioner of Buildings. (a) New Material or Installation. The use of any other material in or method of as¬ sembling or installation of any part of a house drain¬ age or plumbing system shall not be precluded or pro¬ hibited which, on a test to the satisfaction of the Com¬ missioner of Buildings and the Chief Sanitary Inspector, is equally as durable and efficient to sanitary results as are required of the material or methods of assemblage or installation as prescribed in this or any other chapter or section of this title of this code. SUB-TITLE VII. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. Chapter 1.—General Enforcement of Ordinance. Section 569. Duty of City Officers. The enforcement of this code and all other laws and ordinances in force in the city applicable to the same subject matter shall primarily devolve upon the Depart¬ ment of Buildings established herein, but the Depart¬ ments of Police, Health, and Fire shall also be charged with the enforcement of this code, and shall, as far as possible, act in connection with the Department of Buildings; but nothing herein shall be so construed as to exempt any other officer or department from the obligation of enforcing the provisions of this code. Section 570. Civil Proceedings. Whenever the Commissioner of Buildings is satisfied that any of the provisions of this code or any part of Building Code 165 the laws and ordinances in force in the city applicable to the same subject matter have been or are about to be violated in any respect, or that any order or direction of the Commissioner made in pursuance of this code* has not been complied with or is being disregarded, and civil proceedings will lie either for the enforcement of the said laws and ordinances, or to restrain or correct the violation thereof, or to prevent the occupation or use of any building or other structure as herein provided that is being constructed, altered or maintained in viola¬ tion of this code, he shall anply to the City Solicitor for the purpose of instituting such civil proceedings as the said officer may think necessary and advisable, the same to be brought in the name of the city; provided, how¬ ever, that nothing in this section and no action taken thereunder shall be held to exclude any criminal pro¬ ceedings which may be authorized by this title or any of the laws and ordinances in force in this city, or exempt an)' one violating this code and said laws and ordinances from any penalty which may be incurred. Section 571. Suits by City Solicitor. The City Solicitor is hereby authorized to institute any and all actions and proceedings either legal or equi¬ table that may be appropriate or necessary for the en¬ forcement of the provisions of this code, the same to be brought in the name of the city. Section 572. Funds. In addition to the funds which may be necessary for the general expenses connected with the organization of the Department of Buildings it shall be the duty of the Council in the semi-annual appropriating ordinance, upon the estimate of the Commissioner of Buildings, to set aside a sufficient sum for the use of the department for the enforcement of this code, particularly unsafe buildings and other structures and the overloading of buildings, which said funds shall be at the disposal of the Commissioner as provided for herein. Section 573. Invalidity of Part of Code. The invalidity jof any section of this code, or of any provision therein, shall not invalidate any other section or provision thereof, but the invalid part shall be sepa¬ rated by the Court holding the same invalid from the remainder of the code, and the remainder shall be effective, and the invalidity of any provision in any 166 Building Code section of this code in its application to existing build¬ ings and structures shall not be held to affect the valid¬ ity of such provision in its application to buildings and structures hereafter erected. Section 574. Pending Proceedings. Nothing in this code contained shall be construed to affect any act done or committed in violation of any former ordinance relating to the same subject, or any suit or proceeding now pending in Court for the viola¬ tion of the provisions of any former ordinance, or any cause or causes of action accrued or existing under such ordinances, but all proceedings or prosecutions now pending shall be conducted to final determination irre¬ spective of this code. Section 575. Safeguarding of Public. All existing non-fireproof public or semi-public build¬ ings that would be required to be fireproof in accord¬ ance with this code shall not be advertised to the public as being fireproof. Chapter 2.—Penalties. Section 576. Violation of Code. Any person or persons, firm or corporation violating any of the provisions of this title or failing to conform to any of the provisions thereof, or failing to obey any order of the Commissioner of Buildings issued in pursu¬ ance thereof, where no penalty is provided, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be subject to a penalty of a fine of not less than five ($5.00) nor more than five hundred ($500.00) dol¬ lars, the same to be in the discretion of the Court, de¬ pendent upon the character of the act involved. Section 577. Accessories. Any architect, civil engineer, builder, plumber, car¬ penter, mason, contractor, sub-contractor, foreman or employe who shall assist in the violation of this code or of any certificate, order or permit issued thereunder, where no penalty is provided, shall be guilty of a mis¬ demeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, be subject to a penalty of a fine of not less than five ($5.00) dollars nor more than five hundred ($500.00) dollars in the dis¬ cretion of the Court. Supplement 167 SUPPLEMENT. * Miscellaneous Sections from the Codification of Ordinances. Ordinance No. 2565. Passed May 15, 1911. Em¬ powering and authorizing the Chief of the Fire Department of the City of Cincinnati to inspect buildings and other structures; to order the cor¬ rection of the conditions therein which he may find to tend toward endangering property and life by fire; to appoint deputy inspectors to make such inspection and punishing disobedience of such orders. Be it ordained by the Council of the City of Cincin¬ nati, State of Ohio : Section 1 . The Chief gf the Fire Department is hereby empowered and authorized to at any and all reasonable times enter upon and into any premises, building or structure within the corporate limits of the city of Cincinnati, for the purpose of examining and inspecting the same, to ascertain the condition thereof with regard to the presence, arrangement or deposit of any articles, materials, substances, goods, wares or merchandise which may have a tendency to create danger of or from fire in said premises, building or structure, or to create danger in case of hre on or in the same, or personal injury to or loss of life of the occupants of or persons on or in said premises, build¬ ing or structure; also with regard to the condition, size, arrangement and efficiency of any and all appliances for protection against fire on or in such premises, building or structure. Section &. If he shall find, on such inspection of such premises, building or structure, any rubbish, de¬ bris, waste or inflammable or combustible materials, and that the same is not so arranged or disposed as to afford reasonable safeguard against the dangers of lire, or if he shall find that the articles, materials, goods, wares and merchandise on or in said premises, building or structure are so arranged and disposed that the occu¬ pants thereof or persons rightfully on or in the same would not, because of such arrangement and disposition, be afforded reasonable access .to the exits of said premises, building or structure in case of lire, or it he 168 Supplement shall find that by reason of such arrangement or dis¬ position the members of the Fire Department would unnecessarily and unreasonably be interfered with in the 'exercise of their duties in and about such premises, building or structure in case of fire in the same, he may order in writing the removal of such rubbish, debris, waste or inflammable or combustible materials from said premises, building or structure, or the disposing and ar¬ ranging of the same on or in said premises, building or structure in such a manner as will remove such dan¬ ger from fire. He may also order in writing that such articles, materials, goods, wares or merchandise be so arranged and disposed on or in said premises, building or structure that the occupants thereof, or the persons rightfully on or in the same, will be afforded all rea¬ sonable access to the exits from the same in case of fire, and the members of the Fire Department will be afford¬ ed all reasonable facilities for the discharge of their duties in and about said premises, building or struc¬ ture in case of fire. Section 3. If he shall find that the appliances on or in such premises, building or structure for the pro¬ tection against fire are not in proper condition, or of insufficient size or number, or are otherwise insuffi¬ cient for the purpose or purposes for which the same are designed and intended, or if he shall find that such appliances are reasonably necessary for the protection of such premises, building or structure, and are wholly wanting, he shall order, in the case of such improper condition or insufficiency, that the same be placed in proper condition and rendered reasonably sufficient to afford reasonable protection against fire, and in the case of the absence of such appliances where he may find that they are reasonably necessary for protection against fire, he shall order the installation of appliances suffi¬ cient to afford such reasonable protection in case of fire to said premises, building or structure and to occu¬ pants thereof or persons rightfully on or in the same. Section 4. The Chief of the Fire Department here¬ by is empowered and authorized to appoint such and as many deputies to make the inspections hereinbefore provided for, who shall report in writing the results of their inspection to the Chief of the Fire Depart¬ ment, and who are hereby empowered and authorized to make such orders in respect to the conditions found by them on inspection as are hereby authorized to be made by the Chief of the Fire Department. . Should Supplement 169 any owner, lessee or occupant of any premises, build¬ ing or structure, or the owner or person in control of any materials, goods, wares or merchandise con¬ sider himself aggrieved by such order of such deputy, he may, within twenty-four hours after the said order has been served on him, appeal to the Chief of the Fire Department, who shall thereupon make such order in the premises as in his discretion he may deem right and reasonable, and said order shall be final. Section 5. Such order or orders hereinbefore men¬ tioned shall be directed to the owner, lessee or occu¬ pant of such premises, building or structure, or to the person in control of the articles, materials, goods, wares or merchandise herein referred to, or to the owner thereof, as the circumstances may require, and it is hereby made the duty of such owner, lessee or occupant of such premises, building or structure, and of such person in control of such articles, materials, goods, wares and merchandise, or the owner thereof, to comply with such order or orders with all reason¬ able dispatch and diligence. Section 6. Any owner, lessee or occupant of such building, premises or structure, or any person in con¬ trol of such articles, materials, goods, wares or mer¬ chandise as hereinabove referred to, or the owner thereof, who shall fail or neglect to discharge the duties imposed by this ordinance and the orders of the Chief of the Fire Department, or the deputies appointed by him under this ordinance, on conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than ten dollars or not more than one hundred dollars for each day of failure or neglect. Section 7. The terms “owner,’’ “lessee,” “occu¬ pant,” “person in control of,” as .used in the foregoing, shall be construed to include the plural, as well as the singular, and artificial persons as well as real. City Base of Levels. *Section 28-1 (a). The Datum of Zero (0.000) plane for all engineering works under the direction and control of the City of Cincinnati is hereby estab- *As amended by Ordinance No. 422-13, passed Aug¬ ust 5, 1913. 170 Supplement lished as mean sea level, as determined by the obser¬ vations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and all grades or elevations hereafter established by the City of Cin¬ cinnati shall refer to this Datum. (b). That the elevations on the two hundred and seventeen (217) permanent bench marks established by the Topographic Survey in 1912 by the City of Cincin¬ nati, be and the same are authorized for use on all en¬ gineering works in the City of Cincinnati. ^Section 226. There shall be established within the Department of Public Safety the following sub-de¬ partments, to-wit: Administration, Police, Fire Pro¬ tection, Buildings, Smoke, Refuge Home, City Work- house, City Infirmary, Charities and Corrections, City Hospital, and Municipal Lodging House. Board of Examiners of Plumbers. fSECTiON 290. No person shall engage in the busi¬ ness of plumbing, gasfitting and drainlaying in the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, as master plumber, or shall work at such trade as journeyman plumber, until he shall have first procured a license in accordance with the provisions hereof. ISection 291. Any person desiring to engage in the business of plumbing, gasfitting and drainlaying in the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, as master plumber, or work at such trade as journeyman plumber, shall make appli¬ cation to the Board of Examiners as heretofore pro¬ vided for, and shall at such time and place as such Board may designate undergo such examination as to his qualifications and competency as the Board of Ex¬ aminers may direct. Section 292. There is hereby created a Board of Examiners of Plumbers, consisting of the Health Officer, the Inspector of Buildings and three (3) members, two of whom shall be master plumbers and one journeyman plumber. The Health Officer and the Inspector of Buildings shall be members ex-officio of such Examin¬ ing Board and serve without compensation. The other *As amended by Ordinace No. 410—14, passed July 15, 1914. tAs amended by Ordinance No. 220—14, passed April 28, 1914, Supplement 171 members shall be appointed by the Mayor for the term of one (1) year, said appointment to date from the 29th day of March, 1909, and thereafter annually. Said ap¬ pointed members shall severally be paid the sum of five dollars ($5. CO) for each day, or part thereof, spent in the performance of the duties of such office, hut such compensation shall never exceed the sum of twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per month for each of said appointed members. ^Section 293. The Mayor shall appoint a Secretary of said Board of Examiners, and may remove him for inefficiency, neglect of duty or malfeasance in office. Said secretary may he a deputy, clerk or employe in the Sub-department of Buildings; he shall serve without compensation, and no bond shall be required of him. tSECTiON 294. Said Board of Examiners shall, within thirty (30) days after the appointment of said members, meet and organize by the selection of a Chairman, and they shall designate the time and place for the. examina¬ tion of all applicants for license. Said Board shall ex¬ amine applicants for a master plumber’s license as to their practical and theoretical knowledge of plumbing, house drainage and ventilation, and also as to their ability to lay out plumbing work. All applicants for a journeyman plumber’s license shall be by such Board, examined as to their practical knowledge of and me¬ chanical competency in the performance of plumbing work. All applicants, whether for a master plumber’s or journeyman plumber’s license, shall be examined as to their knowledge of the ordinances of the city regu¬ lating such work. Every applicant for examination as master plumber shall pay into the City Treasury a fee of five ($5.00) dollars before he shall be qualified to undergo such examination. If upon paying such fee and undergoing such examination, the said Board of Exam¬ iners is satisfied of the competency of such applicant for master plumber’s license, and after undergoing such examination said Board is satisfied of the competency of such applicant for journeyman plumber’s license, said Board shall so certify to the City Auditor, and such *As amended by Ordinance No. 49-12, passed January 15, 1912. fAs amended by Ordinance No. 220—14, passed April 28, 1914. 172 Supplement certificate shall recite that the applicant has passed such examination as a master plumber or journeyman plumb¬ er, as the case may be. The City Auditor shall, upon the payment of the fee hereinafter prescribed into the City Treasury, issue such applicant a license in accord¬ ance with such certificate, authorizing him to follow, engage in or work at the occupation or trade of plumb¬ er, gasfitter and drainlayer in the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, in the capacity specified in such license. The fee for such original license as master plumber shall be twenty-five ($25.00) dollars, and for such original license as journeyman plumber, one ($1.00) dollar. Such license as master plumber shall be renewed annually upon payment of a fee of two dollars and fifty cents ($2.50), and such license as journeyman plumber shall be renewed annually upon payment of a fee of fifty (50c) cents. All licenses shall expire on the 30th day of June of each year, and no reduction shall be made for any part of the year having elapsed. Any person en¬ gaged in the occupation of plumber, gasfitter and drain- layer, either as master plumber or journeyman plumber, who shall fail to procure such renewal of such license within thirty days from the date of the expiration thereof shall, before he shall secure a license, present himself to the Board of Examiners, and shall undergo such examination, pay such original fees and secure such certificate before he shall be eligible for a license to en¬ gage in or work at such business or trade again. tSectjon 294-1. Every person who shall receive a license as master plumber shall register with the Secre¬ tary of the Board of Examiners, upon such form or forms as the said Board may direct, his name, place of business and home address. Every partnership or cor¬ poration desiring to engage in the business of plumbing, gasfitting and drainlaying as master plumber shall cause to be filed with the Secretary of the said Board of Ex¬ aminers a statement, subscribed and sworn to by a mem¬ ber of such partnership or an officer of such corpora¬ tion, reciting the members of the partnership, its place of business, or the officers of such corporation and its place of business. Every partnership and corporation desiring to engage in the business of plumbing, gas¬ fitting and drainlaying, as master plumber, shall have at fAs amended bv Ordinance Xo. 220-14, passed April 28, 1914. Supplement ^ o 4 O least one member of such partnership, or one officer of such corporation, a qualified licensed master plumber, and such partnership or corporation may follow and engage in such business of master plumber upon the license of such member or officer. However, should such member of such partnership, or officer of such cor¬ poration, cease to represent it actively, then it shall be unlawful for such partnership or corporation to engage in such business as master plumber until another person has qualified as herein provided for. fS ection 294-2. Every licensed master plumber shall have a bona fide place of business in the City of Cin¬ cinnati, Ohio, and shall display on the front of his or their place of business a sign “Licensed Master Plumb¬ er , : ” bearing the name of the person,, firm or corpora¬ tion in letters not less than three (3) inches high. •(•Section 294-3. No person, other than a licensed mas¬ ter plumber, shall be allowed to carry on or engage in the business of plumbing, gasfitting and drainlaying, as master plumber, in the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, nor shall any person expose the sign of plumbing, gasfitting and drainlaying, or any advertisement pertaining there¬ to, in the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, unless he or they shall have first been duly licensed in accordance with the provisions hereof. Nor shall any person or persons, other than a licensed master plumber, or a person in his or their employ, or under his or their supervision, be allowed to alter, repair, or make any connection with any drain, soil, waste or vent pipe, or with any pipe con¬ nected therewith. fS ection 294-4. No person, having procured a license as master plumber, shall permit or allow the use of his name by any person or persons, directly or indirectly, except as hereinbefore provided, for the purpose of obtaining a permit or permits to do any plumbing, gas¬ fitting or drainlaying work. •(•Section 295. Any person violating anv provision of Sections 290, 291, 294, 294-1, 294-2, 294-3 and 294-4 hereof shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than five ($5.00) dollars, nor more than five hundred ($500.00) dollars, or imprisoned not more than six (6) months. fAs amended by Ordinance No. 220-14, passed April 28, 1914. 174 Supplement Section 296. All junior plumbers shall be under the jurisdiction of employer during the term of apprentice¬ ship, and need not take the examination. tSection 297. The license herein provided for may, at any time, be revoked for a violation of any of the provisions of the foregoing sections, for a failure on the part of the master plumber to maintain a bona hde place of business, and for incompetency, dereliction of duty or fraudulent use, after a full and fair hearing by a majority of the Board of Examiners. Section 298. All money derived from the examina¬ tion of applicants shall go to the credit of the General Fund. Obstruction of Gutters. Section 665. It shall be unlawful to obstruct any gutter so as to impede the passage of water, flowing in said gutter in any alley, street or other thoroughfare in the city. Section 667. Openings in Streets—It shall be un¬ lawful for any person or persons, firm, corporation or any city department other than the Street Repair De¬ partment of the Department of Public Service, and the duly accredited officers of such department, to make any openings in the surface or pavement of any street, alley or public way of the city, unless a permit to make such opening has been issued in accordance with the regulations contained herein. Section 668. Any person, persons, firm or corpora¬ tion desiring to make any opening in any surface or pavement on any street, alley or public way of the city, shall file with the Director of Public Service, on a blank provided therefor, an application for a permit, which application shall state the name of the applicant, the name of the street, the kind of pavement thereon, the purpose of the proposed openings and the exact size and location of the proposed opening, when in the opinion of the Director of Public Service giving such exact size and location is practicable. Before any permit can be issued in response to this application, a deposit must be made with the City Treasurer of such size as may, in the opinion of the Director of Public Service, be amply sufficient to cover the cost of restoring the street fAs amended by Ordinance Xo. 220-14, passed April 28, 1914. Supplement 175 surface or paving and maintaining same for a period of two years. This cost to be determined according to rules to be prescribed by the Director of Public Service, and may be estimated at a certain price per square yard for each kind of street pavement, or may be estimated by the actual cost of the labor and material necessary to restore the pavement over the opening, plus a certain percentage for inspection and maintenance. Upon the filing of the above application and the presentation of the evidence that sufficient funds are on deposit to cover the estimated cost of restoring the street as above speci¬ fied, the Director of Public Service may issue a permit to make the opening described in the application, such permit to state the name of the applicant, the name of the street, the kind of pavement thereon, the purpose of the proposed opening, and the exact size and location of the proposed opening, when in the opinion of the Director of Public Service the giving of such exact size and location is practicable. Where, however, the nature of the proposed work is such as to require a series of openings close together, and where, in the opinion of the said Director, it is impossible or impracticable to determine in advance the exact size and location of desired opening, a permit may be issued covering such series of openings for such length of street as may be deemed proper by the Director. In no case, however, may anV openings be made of greater size than can be repaved by the deposit on hand, and in case it is found that such opening has exceeded, this size, the Director of Public Service will immediately cause the work on such opening to cease until deposit is increased. Section 669. All moneys received under the provi¬ sions hereof as deposits, shall be paid to the City^ 1 reas- urer and credited to a fund to be known as the Street Restoration Fund,” and the cost of restoring streets, alleys or public ways after such openings have been made and the back-filling has been satisfactorily com¬ pleted by the party making the opening, shall be paid by the Treasurer out of said funds upon the presenta¬ tion of the proper voucher or payroll signed according to law. At any time after the completion of the restora¬ tion of the street pavement over the opening, the party who made the deposit will, on demand, be entitled to a refund of the balance on hand after deducting the cost of the restoration determined in accordance with the rules of the Director of Public Service. Section 670. The work of, or connected with, the re- 176 Supplement storing of the surface or pavement of the street, alley or public way, after such opening and the back-filling shall have been made, shall be done by and under the supervision and control of the Street^ Repair Depart¬ ment of the Department of Public Service, and no other person, persons, firms, corporations or departments shall have authority to do such work of restoration. The above work of restoration will include the relaying of the foundation of concrete or other material except in cases where this is deemed inexpedient by the Direct¬ or of Public Service, in which cases the said founda¬ tion of concrete may be laid to the surface of the pav¬ ing bed by the party making the opening, provided that " this concrete be in all respects equal to that called for by the standard city specifications in force at the time said concrete is laid. Section 671. The Director of Public Service is here¬ by authorized and directed to prepare and to keep on hand suitable forms for applications to be made and permits to be granted under provisions herein, and to adopt and enforce suitable rules and regulations for determining the estimated cost of the restoration of any opening in any street, alley or public way, and for the restoration by the Street Repair Department of such openings, and to employ such clerks, inspectors and other employes as may be deemed necessary by said Director to carry into effect the provisions herein. Section 672. Xo annual, emergency or blanket per¬ mit for more than one opening shall be granted by said- Director, but in unforeseen emergencies, when the ne¬ cessities of the public require, the public service cor¬ porations shall be allowed to make such openings; pro¬ vided, however, that in such case a regular permit shall be obtained by such corporation as soon as possible after such opening is made. Section 673. Any person, persons, firm or corpora¬ tion which shall violate any of the provisions of Sec¬ tions 667, 668, 670 herein, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in the sum of not to exceed fifty ($50.00) dollars, nor less than twenty-five ($25.00) dollars for each offense, and each opening made in violation of the provisions of said sections shall constitute a separate offense. Section 674. The Street Repair Department of the Department of Public Service, and their duly accredited Supplement 177 officers and forces, shall not be subject to the regula¬ tions herein, but the foreman of each gang in such de¬ partment shall carry constantly with him written cre¬ dentials, issued by the Director of Public Service, cer¬ tifying to his official position. A failure to have such credentials shall be deemed a violation of the said sec¬ tions above provided. Section 674-1. 1 he Director of Public Service shall use all street dirt and ashes in filling to grade street, which have been dedicated to the city, and that the filling in with such street dirt and ashes on private property, or any other property other than regularly dedicated streets, be prohibited. Section 675. Warning Lights-Every person who. in this city, shall dig, or cause to be dug, in or ad¬ joining any of the public ways of said city, any exca¬ vation whatsoever, and every person digging or caus¬ ing any such excavation to be dug, and every person who shall occupy or cause to be occupied any portion of any public street or any public way with building material or any obstruction, shall cause two red lights to be securely and conspicuously posted in or near such^ excavation, building material, or obstructions, one at each end of the space so excavated or occupied, and if the space occupied by such obstruction shall exceed fifty (50) feet in extent, then such person shall cause an additional light to be posted as afore¬ said, for every additional fifty (50) feet in extent or portion thereof so excavated or occupied, as afore- , said, and shall keep such light burning the entire night. Section 676. Any person violating the provisions of the preceding section, or who removes any light or lights from the obstruction, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall he fined not less than five ($5.00) dollars nor more than fifty ($50.00) dollars for each offense. Tapping of Sewers. Section 705. That no connection shall be made with any public sewer or drain without the written permis¬ sion of the Director of Public Service; and any con¬ nection or opening made into public sewer or drain without such permission, or in any manner different from the mode herein prescribed for such opening or connection, shall subject the person or persons making 178 Supplement the same, and the owners of the premises directing it, to a penalty hereinafter prescribed; and each day that any person shall without such permission continue to use the drain into said sewers, shall be considered a separate offense. Section 706. The Director of Public S ervice is here¬ by authorized to grant such permits as he may deem proper, for allowing persons to tap the public sewers and make connections therewith; provided, however, that the permit shall be granted only on the express con¬ dition that the owner or tenant, for whose benefit such connection is made, and each succeeding tenant, shall, in consideration of the privilege thereby granted and enjoyed, hold the City of Cincinnati harmless from any loss or damage that may in any way result from or be occasioned by such tap or connections. Section 707. The connections with and openings in any sewer or drain, must be made by a person author¬ ized and approved by the Director of Public Service, and none others. Section 708. Xo person shall be authorized by the Director of Public Service to do the work of making connections with an}’ of the public sewers or drains, or their lateral connections, until he has furnished the said Director with a satisfactory certificate signed bv at least two reputable masons, if he be a mason, or two reputable plumbers, if he be a plumber, to the effect that the applicant is a person known to them regu¬ larly educated to the business and qualified for the duties which he undertakes; and previous to being authorized or licensed by said Director, the party ap¬ plying shall file a bond in the office of the Department of Public Service, in such sum as may be designated by said Director, not less, however, than one thousand ($1,000.00) dollars, with two or more sureties, to be approved by said Director, conditioned that he will indemnify and save harmless the City of Cincinnati from all loss or damage that may be occasioned in any wise by accident or the want of care or skill on his part, in the prosecution of such work, or that may be occasioned by reason of any opening by him made or caused to be made in any street, lane or avenue, market-space or common, in the making of any con¬ nection with any public or private sewer as aforesaid; and also deposit a sufficient sum of money to restore the street over such opening to as good state and con- Supplement 179 dition as it was previous to opening the same; and that he will conform in all respects to the rules and regulations which may be from time to time established by said Director of Public Service in relation to the putting *in junctions, and tapping any of the public sewers and drains. Section 709. It shall be unlawful for any person authorized by the Director of Public Service to make connections with sewers and drains, to allow his name to be used for the purpose of obtaining such permits, or of doing any work under his authority, under the penalty hereinafter prescribed. It shall be the duty of each and every person authorized or licensed by said Director, in accordance with preceding section, V to record his name and that of the firm, in case of partnership, together with the place of business, in a book of record, to be kept by said Director, and also to immediately notify the Director of any change of either thereafter, by recording the name, firm and place of business as theretofore in said record. Section 710. It shall be unlawful for any person in possession of premises, into which a pipe or other connection with the public sewers and drains has been laid for the purpose of carrying off animal refuse from water-closets, slops from kitchens, or for other purposes, to allow the same to remain without good and perfect fixtures so attached as to allow a suffi¬ ciency of water to be so applied as properly to carry off such matters and keep the same unobstructed. Each day the same are permitted to remain without such fixtures for supplying said water shall be deemed a distinct and separate offense. Section 711. That no butchers’ offal or garbage, dead animals, or obstruction of any kind whatsoever shall be placed, thrown or deposited in any sewer or receiving hasin under the control of said city, and within its limits; and any person so offending or caus¬ ing such obstructions or substance to.be so placed as to be carried into such sewer or basin shall he sub¬ ject to the penalty hereinafter prescribed for each ol- fense; and any person injuring, breaking or removing any portion of any receiving basin, covering plate, man¬ hole cover, or any part of any sewer or appurtenances, or obstructing the mouth of any sewer or drain, shall be subject to the penalty hereinafter prescribed. 180 Supplement Section 712. After a permit has been issued, notice m writing must in all cases be left at the office of the Director of Public Service by the person who is about to make the connection with any sewer or drain, stating the time when such work will be re^idy for inspection, previous to making such connection. This notice must be left between the hours of 9 a. m. and 4 p. M. on the day previous to making such connection. Section 713. No drain from any house, store, or tenement whatever shall be connected with any pub¬ lic sewer in this city, otherwise than by drain pipe, which shall be six inches in diameter, excepting it may, in a special case, be otherwise ordered by the Director of Public Service. Section 714. All applications for permit must be made in writing by the party employed to do the work, and must be accompanied by the signature of the owners and tenants, or his or their authorized agents or attorney, of the premises for whose benefit the application is made, and must state the location, name of the owner, number of buildings to • be con¬ nected, and how occupied, and must be made between the hours of 9 A. M. and 4 p. m. Section 715. Any person authorized or licensed to make connections with sewers and drains, who shall be guilty of any violation of the provisions of this chapter, shall be immediately deprived of his license; and any person guilty of violation of the provisions of this chapter shall, on conviction thereof in the Police Court of the City of Cincinnati, be fined in any sum not less than ten ($10.00) dollars nor exceeding one hundred ($100.00) dollars, except as to Section 711, when the same shall not exceed fifty ($50.00) dollars, at the discretion of the court. Section 716. The Director of Public Service shall pay over all moneys by him collected under and by virtue of the provisions of this chapter to the City Treasurer, and he is authorized to make such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with this chapter, for the tapping of the public sewers and drains, and amend the same’from time to time as in his judgment may be deemed necessary. Vacation Ordinance. *Sec. 745-1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to lease, let, permit the occupancy *As ordained by Ordinance No. 73-13, passed Feb¬ ruary 4, 1913. Supplement 181 of, permit the continuation * of the occupancy of or continue the occupancy of any structure or building or any portion thereof, used for human habitation, unless such structure, or building or portion thereof be free from unclean and unsanitary conditions, as defined in the subsequent sections of this chapter and unless the provisions of said subsequent sections are complied with. ""Sec. 745-2. Any structure or building or any por¬ tion thereof used for human habitation, shall be deemed to be in an unclean and unsanitary condition by reason of any portion of such building being infected with a communicable disease, or by reason of the absence therein or thereon of toilet facilities as required by law or ordinance, or by reason of the known presence of sewer gas therein or thereon. Any structure or building or any portion thereof used for human habitation shall be deemed to be in an un¬ clean and unsanitary condition when unfit for human habitation or in a condition dangerous or harmful to the lives or health of the occupants by reason of the inhabited portion of the house being damp or wet, or by reason of such lack of repair, or by reason of such accumulation of dirt, filth, litter, refuse or other offen¬ sive or dangerous substances or liquids, or by reason of such defects in- or lack of repair of or improper use of the drainage, plumbing or ventilation, or by reason of the existence on the premises of such a nuisance or other conditions as is likely to cause sickness among the occupants. *Sec. 745-3. Any structure or building or any por¬ tion thereof, used for human habitation, which is in said unclean or unsanitary condition, is hereby declared to constitute a public nuisance. *Sec. 745-4. Whenever the Board of Health of the City of Cincinnati ascertains from-examination or re¬ ports of its inspectors, or sanitary officers or otherwise that a public nuisance exists, as defined in the fore¬ going Sections 2 and 3- of this chapter, in or upon any structure or building, or portion thereof, and is of the opinion that such nuisance is capable of being abated .without immediate vacation of the premises or such portion thereof, and serves notice upon the owner of such house, or his lessee or agent, or the person in *As ordained by Ordinance No. 73-13, passed Feb¬ ruary 4, 1913. 182 Supplement possession, charge, or control thereof, directing him to abate such nuisance and remove the unclean or unsanitary conditions within such reasonable time as may be fixed by said board and specified in said notice, it shall then be the duty of such owner, agent or per¬ son to abate such nuisance within such time. When¬ ever such abatement does not take place within such time, or whenever, in the opinion of said board, such abatement is impossible or impracticable without an immediate vacation of the house or portion thereof, and said board serves notice upon the owner, lessee, agent or person in possession, charge or control thereof to vacate or cause the vacation of such house or por¬ tion thereof designated in the notice, then it shall be the duty of such owner, lessee, agent, or person to vacate or cause the vacation of such house or portion thereof within twenty (20) days from the date of the service of such notice or within a shorter time (not less than twenty-four hours in any case) as may be specified in said notice. Whenever, either in addi¬ tion to or without the service of said notices on said owner, lessee, agent, or person in possession, charge or control, the said board is of the opinion that such nuisance can be abated by a tenant or other occupant of such house or portion thereof, and such notices, either for abatement of the nuisance or of vacation of the premises, are served upon such tenant or other oc¬ cupant, then it shall be the duty of such tenant or other occupants to comply with the terms of such notices and to abate the nuisance or vacate the premises ac¬ cordingly. After any such notice or order of vacation, it shall be unlawful to occupy or permit the occupancy of such premises or portion thereof until such nuisance shall have been completely abated, and such building or portion thereof shall have been rendered clean and sanitary in accordance with the terms of said notices of the Board of Health. When there is no owner, agent, lessee or person in charge, possession or con¬ trol, who is a resident of or can be served in the Citv of Cincinnati, then personal service outside of said city on any such owner, agent, lessee or person in charge, possession or control, by any one delegated by said Board of Health to make such service, or by registered letter, or if the address of the owner, les- *As ordained by Ordinance No. 73-13, passed Feb¬ ruary 4, 1913. V. Supplement 183 see, agent or person in possession, charge or control be unknown, or service be not secured by registered letter after effort so to do, by notice by publication once a week for two consecutive weeks in any news¬ paper of general circulation in Cincinnati, or posting or attaching to or on the outside of said structure 01 building of a copy of the notice or order consecutively for two weeks, shall have the same effect as service within said city. *Sec. 745-5. When the unsanitary condition of any such building or part thereof is, in the opinion of the said Board of Health, due to the violation of any of the provisions of the Building Code of Cincinnati, be¬ ing Sections 332 to 577 inclusive of the Code of Ordi¬ nances of the City of Cincinnati, and the ordinances and sections amendatory thereof and supplementary there¬ to, and said Board shall certify such fact to the Com¬ missioner of Buildings of the City or Chief Housing In¬ spector of the city respectively in charge of the en¬ forcement of the particular section or ordinance thus violated, it shall thereupon be the duty of said Com¬ missioner or Chief Housing Inspector to proceed, in accordance with the .provisions of said Building Code, to enforce the provisions thus violated ; and thereupon, in addition to the powers of said Commissioner and Chief Housing Inspector respectively, and the methods of enforcement provided in said Building Code, said Commissioner or Chief Housing Inspector may issue and serve, publish or post an order or notice of vaca- like terms and conditions, and of like pur- provided in Section 4 of this chapter for vacation issued by the Board of Health; and it shall be the duty of the person, firm or cor¬ poration thus notified to comply with the terms of such notice, and to vacate or cause the vacation of the build¬ ing or portion thereof until the said provisions of the Building Code shall have been complied with. With¬ out any certification from the Board of Health, the said Commissioner of Buildings or Chief Housing In¬ spector may, respectively, in accordance with the di¬ vision of their respective jurisdictions over the enforce¬ ment of such sections of the ordinances, enforce the provisions of Sections 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 538a to 538c, 539, 540, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, tion upon port as is orders of *As ordained by Ordinance No. 73—13, passed heb- ruary 4, 1913. 184 Supplement 547, 548, 549, 550, 550a, 551, 552, 553, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566 and 567 of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Cincinnati, and all sections now or hereafter passed amendatory and sup¬ plementary thereto, by issuing and serving, publishing or posting notices or orders of abatement and vacation upon like terms and conditions, and of like purport as is provided in Section 4 of this chapter for notice and orders of abatement and vacation issued by the Board of Health ; and it shall be the duty of the person, firm or corporation thus notified to comply with such notices and orders. All such notices and orders of the said Commissioner or Chief Housing Inspector shall be subject to appeal as provided in Section 338 of the Code of Ordinances. *Sec. 745-6. When the notice or order of vacation follows a notice or order of abatement, as provided in Sections 4 and 7 of this chapter, such notice or order of vacation shall not be enforced, as provided in this chapter, unless said notice or order of abatement spe¬ cifies a time when the person so notified or ordered may appear before the board or officer issuing same to show cause why such order or notice of vacation should not be issued, and unless said Board (or a ma¬ jority thereof) or officer is present at its or his office at the time so specified; such time to be not less than twenty-four hours after the service of the notice or order. When the notice or order of vacation is issued, as provided in Section 4 of this chapter with¬ out a previous notice or order of abatement, such notice or order of vacation shall not be enforced as provided in this chapter unless it specifies a time, not less than five days after the service thereof, when the person so notified or ordered may appear before the board issuing same to show cause why such notice or order should not be enforced, and said board or majority thereof is present at its office at the time so specified; provided, that when, in the opinion of at least four-fifths of the members of such board, an emer¬ gency exists which requires, for the protection of the health of occupants, the vacation of the building or portion thereof without a delay of five days, then no such fixing of a time for hearing shall be required.. *As ordained by Ordinance No. 73-13, passed Feb¬ ruary 4, 1913. Supplement 185 *Sec. 745-7. Whenever such procedure is, in the opinion of the Board of Health, Commissioner of Buildings or Chief Housing Inspector, respectively, desirable or necessary, said Board of Health, Commis¬ sioner of Buildings or Chief Housing Inspector may affix conspicuously on the buildings or part thereof the notice or order of vacation. *Sec. 745-8. When the notice or order of vacation has not been complied with, and the Board of Health or Commissioner of Buildings or Chief Housing Inspec¬ tor certifies such fact, together with a copy of the order or notice, to the Chief of the Police Department of the City, it shall then be the duty of said Chief and the members of the Police Department to enforce such notice or order of vacation, and to cause the said premises to be vacated in accordance with the terms of such notice or order. *Sec. 745~9. Whenever the Board of Health or the Commissioner of Buildings or Chief Housing Inspec¬ tor shall certify to the City Solicitor any failure to comply with any such order or notice of vacation, with the request that the City Solicitor institute civil proceedings for the enforcement thereof, the City Solicitor is hereby authorized to and shall institute any and all proceedings, either legal or equitable, that may be appropriate or necessary for the enforcement of such order or notice and the abatement of the nuisance against which such order or notice was directed; such suits or proceedings to be brought in the name of the City of Cincinnati, and no such suits or proceedings shall be held to exclude any criminal or penal proceedings which may be authorized by this chapter or any of the laws and ordinances in force in this city, or to exempt any one violating this or said laws and ordinances from any penalty which may be incurred. *Sec. 745-10. The making of decisions and issuance of orders as above provided for may be delegated by the Board of Health to the Health Officer of the city and when so delegated the making of any such deci¬ sion or the issuance of any such order by the said Health Officer shall have the same effect as above *As ordained by Ordinance No. 73 - 13, passed February 4, 1913. 186 Supplement provided for the opinion, decision or order of the Board of Health. *Sec. 745-11. Any person or persons, firms or cor¬ poration violating any of the provisions of this chap¬ ter, or failing to conform to any of the provisions thereof, except an agent without authority, in the premises so to do, shall be deemed guilty of a mis¬ demeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be lined not less than live ($5.00) dollars nor more than fifty ($50.00) dollars. *Sec. 745-12. The procedures, methods of enforce¬ ment and penalties herein provided shall be held to be in addition to and in no wise taking the place of or modifying or repealing the procedures, methods of en¬ forcement and penalties provided in the statutes of Ohio, and the laws and ordinances of the City of Cincinnati relating to buildings and the Board of Health. Section 773. Advertisers, etc.—Bill-posters, adver¬ tising-sign painters, advertising-sign proprietors, and street car advertisers shall pay a license of twenty-five ($25.00) dollars per annum. Section 776. Ball-Rooms—Keepers of public ball¬ rooms shall pay a licen'se fee as follows: If the danc¬ ing floor contains more than three thousand square feet, the license fee shall be three hundred ($300.00) dollars for one year, two hundred ($200.00) dollars for six months, and one hundred ($100.00) dollars for three months, and fort}’ ($40.00) dollars for one month, and ten ($10.00) dollars for one day. If the dancing floor contains three thousand square feet or less, the license fee shall be one hundred and fiftv ($150.00) dollars for one year ; one hundred ($100.00) dollars for six months, sixty ($60.00) dollars for three months, and twenty-five ($25.00) dollars for one month, and ten ($10.00) dollars for one day; provided, how¬ ever, that no license shall be issued without the consent of the Mayor, and further, that the Mayor shall not consent to the issuance of any such license unless the applicant therefor show to the satisfaction of said Mayor that he or she is of good moral character, and unless the application for such consent of the Mayor is accompanied by a certificate from the Commissioner *As ordained by Ordinance No. 73-13, passed February 4, 1913. Supplement * 187 of Buildings that the building in which it is proposed to maintain such public ball-room has been constructed and is maintained and carried on in strict accordance with all the provisions of the laws of the State of Ohio, or ordinances or regulations of the City of Cincin¬ nati, governing the erection, maintenance and conduct of buildings which are used for such purposes. And provided further, that if the building in which it is proposed to establish such public ball-room is within three hundred (3C0) feet of any church, school or public library, and the Mayor shall, upon investigation, find that the establishing of such public ball room at such a place would be injurious or hurtful to the morals of the children or the people attending such church, school or library, then in that event the Mayor may refuse his consent to the issuance of such license. And, provided further, that if it is proposed to locate such public ball room in a residential district of the city, and a majority of the owners, or occupants of structures or property located within three hundred ( 300) feet of the building in which it is proposed to establish and maintain such public ball room protest in writing against the issuance of such license previous to the time when such consent of the Mayor is given, then in that event the Mayor, if he finds, upon investigation, that it would be for the best interests of such neighborhood, shall refuse his consent to the issuance of such license. Pro¬ vided further, that the Mayor, or other officers of the city designated by him, shall at all times have access to such public bail room, and that if at any time in tJie opinion of the Mayor the maintenance of such public ball room is injurious to the public welfare or morals, then the Mayor shall have the power to revoke such license without refunder. ISec. 776-1. The Mayor may, at his discretion, grant without cost to the proprietor or lessee of any ball room, a permit to use such room for any ball that may be given therein by and for the benefit of any church, or any purely benevolent, charitable, educational or re¬ ligious society or organization, or by and for the bene¬ fit of any society and organization genuinely and regularly conducted for a purpose other than the giv¬ ing of balls or dances; provided that application for any fAs amended by Ordinance gust 5, 1913, No. 423—13, passed An- . 188 Supplement such permit be applied for at least fourteen days prior to the date of the proposed ball; and any such ball shall be deemed to be a private ball. ^Section 798.—Theaters. —Every proprietor or lessee of any theater, moving-picture show, concert hall or other place of amusement, entertainment or exhibition, shall pay a license according to its seating capacity—one seat is 20 inches—as follows : Sec. 798-1. Those seating l£ss than 300 persons shall . pay a license, if issued for one year, of one hundred ($100.00) dollars; if issued for six months, of sixty ($60.00) dollars; if issued for three months, of thirty- five ($35.00) dollars; if issued for one day or any number of days less than three months, of five ($5.00) dollars per day. Sec. 798-2. Those seating 300 persons or more shall pay a license, if issued for one year, of one hundred ($100.00) dollars for the first 300 seats, and thirty ($30.00) dollars for each additional 100 seats or frac¬ tion thereof; if issued for six months, of sixty ($60.00) dollars for the first 300 seats, and seventeen dollars and fifty cents ($17.50) for each additional 100 seats or fraction thereof; if issued for three months, of thirty- five ($35.00) dollars for the first 300 seats, and ten ($10.00) dollars for each additional 100 seats or frac¬ tion thereof; if issued for one day, or any number of days less than three months, of five ($5.00) dollars per day for the first 300 seats, and one dollar and fifty cents ($1.50) per day for each additional 100 seats or fraction thereof; but in no event shall a license be is¬ sued under the provisions hereof exceed $300.00 in any one year. Sec. 798-3. All licenses shall be issued for one 3 ~ear, if so requested by the applicant, and no license shall be issued without the consent of the Mayor, which shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 799. Sec. 798-4. The Mayor may, in his discretion, grant without cost to any proprietor or lessee of any theater, moving-picture house, concert hall or other place of amusement, entertainment or exhibition, a permit to use such place for not more than six consecutive days for an entertainment or exhibition that may be given for the benefit of a church, or for any benevolent, char¬ itable, educational, religious or purely public purposes. *As supplemented by Ordinance No. 423-13, passed August 5, 1913. Supplement ISO Sec. 798-5. Places of amusement or of an educa¬ tional character, owned and controlled by the City of Cincinnati, and not befng operated for profit, shall not v- be required to pay a license. Section. 799. The Mayor shall not give his consent to the issuance of any license to any proprietor or lessee of any theater, concert hall, or any place of amusement, entertainment or exhibition as required in Section 798 herein, unless the person to whom such license is granted show to the satisfaction of said Mayor that he or she is of good moral character, and unless the application for such consent of the Mayor is accompanied by a certificate from the Commissioner of Buildings that the building in which it is proposed to maintain such theater, concert hall or place of amuse¬ ment, entertainment or exhibition has been constructed, is maintained and carried on in strict accordance with all the provisions of the laws of the State of Ohio, or ordinances or regulations of the City of Cincinnati, governing the erection, maintenance and conduct of buildings which are used for such purposes. If the building in which it is proposed to maintain such theater, concert hall, place of amusement, enter¬ tainment or exhibition is within 300 feet of any church, school or public library, and the Mayor shall, upon in¬ vestigation, find the establishing of such theater, concert hall, place of amusement, entertainment or exhibition at such a place would be injurious or hurtful to the morals of the children or the people attending, the Mayor may refuse his consent to the issuance of such license. If it is proposed to locate such theater, concert hall, place of amusement, entertainment or exhibition in a residential district of the city, and a majority of the owners or occupants of structures or property located within 300 feet of such proposed building protest in writing against the issuance of such license previous to the time at which such consent of the Mayor is given, then and in that event the Mayor, if he finds upon investigation that it would lie for the best in¬ terests of such neighborhood, shall refuse his consent to the issuance of such license. When the Mayor gives his consent to the issuance of such license, and said license is issued in pursuance thereof, it shall be upon the express condition that the Mayor or other officers of the city designated by him, 190 Supplement shall at all times have access to such theater, concert hall, place of amusement, entertainment or exhibition, and that if at any time, in the opinion of said Mayor, the performance, entertainment or exhibition given in such place is immoral, indecent or injurious to the public welfare or morals, then the Mayor shall have power to revoke said license without refunder. tS ection 834. Advertising—Noise.— That the mak¬ ing of noises, whether by the use of any musical instru¬ ment or any other device, or by loud crying, for the pur¬ pose of advertising any business or occupation or the sale of any commodity in or upon any building, or in, upon and about the public streets, parks and places in the City of Cincinnati, except hucksters vending their wares from wagons during the daylight hours and news- hoys under fifteen years of age crying the daily news¬ papers, is hereby prohibited. Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be fined not less than ten ($10.00) dollars, nor more than twenty ($20.00) dollars, and pay the cost of the prosecution. *Sec. 834-1. Advertising—Posters in Municipal Buildings —It shall be unlawful to attach to or place on any window, door, elevator cab or wall of the City Hall or other municipal building, any poster, litho¬ graph or advertising matter, whether political or other¬ wise, so that the same is visible from the street or from the halls and corridors of the building. Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon convic¬ tion thereof, shall be fined not more than ten ($10.00) dollars for every such violation. Section 869 . Buildings, Alterations, etc. —It shall be unlawful for any person or persons engaged in the construction, alteration, repair, removal or demolition of any building or other structure whatsoever, in the City of Cincinnati, to throw, cast or drop, or cause or permit to be thrown, cast or dropped from any elevation whatsoever of such build- tAs amended by Ordinance Xo. 444-13, passed Au¬ gust, 5, 1913. *As supplemented by Ordinance No. 38-13, passed January 21, 1913. Supplement 191 ing or other structure, into or upon any of the streets, alleys, or other public ways or places of said city, any timber, iron, stone, brick, plaster, shingles, rooting, shavings, chips or other building material, rubbish oc debris of such structure. Provided, however, that it shall be lawful for any person engaged as aforesaid to lower and remove from such structure any timber, ma¬ terial, rubbish, debris or other s bstances aforesaid, by the careful use of machinery, buckets, baskets, slides, troughs or such other appliances as may, by the Com¬ missioner of Buildings, be deemed to be the best adapted to insure against injury and annoyance to the public in the use and enjoyment of such street, alley or other public way or place. Any person guilty of a violation of any of the provisions of this section shall, upon conviction thereof in the Police Court of Cincinnati, be fined in any sum not less than twenty-five ($25.00) dollars nor exceeding one hundred ($100.00) dollars for each offense, or be imprisoned not exceeding thirty (30). days, or both, at the discretion of the court, with costs of prosecution. Section 870. Buildings—Removal Of. — That it be and it is hereby made unlawful for any person 6r persons, firm or corporation to haul, move, convey or otherwise transport frame houses, build¬ ings, or other structures of like nature, through, upon or across the streets, avenues, alleys, lanes or public grounds of the City of Cincinnati, with¬ out first having obtained a permit therefor from the Director of Public Service, which said permit shall be approved by'the Commissioner of Buildings. Any per¬ son or persons, firm or corporation, violating any of the provisions of this section shall, on conviction thereof in Police Court of the City of Cincinnati, be fined in any sum not more than one hundred ($100.00) dollars' nor less than five ($5.00) dollars. Sec. 880-1. Elevators, Regulating, Operating, etc.— It shall be unlawful for any person who is in charge o! or operating a passenger elevator within the City ol Cincinnati to start the said elevator in motion until the gates or doors of the said elevator shall have been closed and latched. Sec. 880-2. It shall be unlawful for any such person to unlatch or start to open the gates or doors of such 192 Supplement elevator until the elevator shall have been brought to a dead stop on a level with the floor. Sec. 880-3. Any person violating the provisions of any of the two preceding sections shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than five ($5.00) dollars nor more than one hun¬ dred ($100.00) dollars. Section 884. Fire in Chimneys, etc. — That if any chimney' within the city' shall take fire by neglect of being properly cleansed or swept, the owner or occu¬ pant of the house to which such chimney appertains shall be fined in the sum of five ($5.00) dollars, and no person or persons shall set or put fire in their chimneys, for the purpose of cleansing the same, ex¬ cept in the day time, nor then, unless it is raining or there may' be snow on the roofs of the houses, under the penalty' of a fine of five ($5.00) dollars for every such offense, on conviction thereof in Police Court. Sec. 890-1. Fire Plugs, Obstruction Of. — That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to place any building material or any other obstruction whatever within eighteen (18) feet of the center cap of any public cistern, or public hydrant or fire plug; and any person or persons so offending against the provisions of this section shall, on conviction thereof in Police Court, be fined in any sum not less than ten ($10.00) dollars nor exceeding fifty r ($50.00) dollars, together with the cost of prosecution. Section 896. Gasoline. — That it shall be unlawful for any' person or persons to have stored in their house, gasoline known as 87 gravity' deodorized gasoline, or any' gasoline that is of a higher gravity than 74 deo¬ dorized gasoline; and it shall be unlawful for anv person or persons to have gasoline known as 87 gravity gasoline in their possession, that is not kept in some kind of a vessel that will keep the gasoline from escap¬ ing. Section 897. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to have in their possession, gasoline known as 87 gravity deodorized gasoline, as it is dangerous to life and property-, unless the' vessel holding the gasoline of 87 gravity shall be placed under ground Supplement 193 not less than twenty-five feet from any building; and the gasoline of 87 gravity must be inclosed in some kind of an inclosure, such as a vault, shed or smalt house, built in such manner as to protect the gasoline from fire. Section 898. Any person or persons found guilty of violating any of the two preceding sections shall, upon conviction in the Police Court, be fined not less than twenty-five ($25.00) dollars nor more than seventy- five ($75.00) dollars. *Sec. 913-1. Mufflers—Stationary Gas Engines.— It is hereby declared unlawful to operate a stationary gas engine within the limits of the city of Cincinnati without installing and keeping in place thereon muf¬ flers of recognized design and used for reduction of noise. Any person, firm or corporation violating any pro¬ visions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, fined in a sum not exceeding twenty-five ($25.00) dollars for each and every such offense. Section 940. Stables—Lights In.— That no owner or owners or occupants of any livery or other stable within the limits of the corporation, nor any person or persons in their employ, shall be allowed to use therein any lighted candle or other light except an electric light, unless the same be secured within a tin, horn or glass lantern, under the penalty of ten ($10.00) dollars, on conviction thereof before the Police Court. Section 941. Stone, etc., In Streets, etc.— That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to dig up or in any manner destroy or injure any road, street, public water-course, or creek within the city limits, or to take or carry away from any such road, street, public water-course or creek within such city limits any stone, rock, dirt or other material therein, or to sell therefrom any such stone, rock, earth or other material, such person or persons not being the owner *As ordained by Ordinance No. 20—13, passed Janu¬ ary 14, 1913. 194 Supplement thereof; and any person guilty of violating the provi sions of this section shall, upon conviction in the Police Court of the city, be fined in any sum not exceeding- fifty ($50.00) dollars, or imprisoned in the City Work- house not exceeding thirty '(30) days, or both fined and imprisoned, for each and every such offense. Section 942. Storm-Doors, Vestibules, etc. — That it shall be unlawful to erect or maintain in front of any store, factory, residence or any other building within the limits of the City of Cincinnati, any storm- door vestibule which shall extend more than thirty-six (36) inches beyond the houseline and upon the side¬ walk. Section 943. It shall be unlawful to exhibit, within any such storm-door vestibule, any merchandise, samples or signs to indicate the character of the busi¬ ness conducted within any such store, factory, residence or other building, or to use any such storm-door ves - tibule for any other purpose than protection from the weather. Section 944. Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of the two preceding sections shall be fined not more than twenty-five ($25.00) dollars nor less than five ($5.00) dollars, or imprisoned not more than ten (10) days, or both, at the discretion of the court. Section 945. It shall be the duty of the Commis¬ sioner of Buildings of the City of Cincinnati to cause the enforcement of the three preceding sections. It shall be a duty of the Chief of Police, with the assist¬ ance of the force at his command, to co-operate with the Commissioner of Buildings iif said enforcement. Section 946. Streets—Littering, etc.— That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to throw, or sweep, into the streets, avenues, alleys, parks or public grounds of the City of Cincinnati, any dirt, paper, nails, pieces of glass or board, fruit parings or skins, refuse, or rubbish of any kind, or to throw, or place, such matter upon any sidewalk or street crossing, or on any driveway, or upon the floor, stairway or hall¬ way of any public building, theater, railway depot or railway platform in said city. Section 947. That it shall be unlawful for any per¬ son or persons who have charge of, or driver or occu- Supplement 195 pant of any wagon, cart, automobile or other vehicle used in hauling dirt, sand or other substances of any kind, to allow the same or any portion thereof to fall or drop upon the streets, avenues, alleys, parks or pub¬ lic grounds of the City of Cincinnati. Section 948. That it shall be unlawful for any per¬ son to expectorate or spit upon the sidewalks or cross¬ ings of any of the streets or alleys of the City of Cincinnati, or upon the floor of any street car, theater, railway depot or platform or upon the floor of any school house or church or public building of any kind within said city* Section 949. That it shall be unlawful for any per¬ son to hang or tack upon or attach to any pole or other structure upon the streets, avenues, alleys, parks or public grounds of the City of Cincinnati any hand bills, cards, circulars or other printed material. Section 950. Any person violating any of the pro¬ visions of the four preceding sections shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be arrested, taken to the nearest police station and there registered; he shall be released on his own recognizance, and ordered to ap¬ pear in the Police Court the following morning. On conviction in the Police Court he shall be fined in the srm of one ($1.00) dollar for the first offense, five ($5.00) dollars for the second, and ten ($10.00) dol¬ lars for each succeeding offense. Section 951. Streets— Posting Cards, etc.— It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to post up or affix, or cause to be posted up or affixed, in any man¬ ner, any bill, placard or notice, either written or printed, upon fences, tree-boxes, walls, or upon any part of any building in the City of Cincinnati, without the previous consent of the occupants thereof, or if there be no oc¬ cupants, without the previous consent of the owners thereof, nor upon any part of any building or property belonging to the City of Cincinnati.. Any persons vio¬ lating any the provisions of this section shall, upon con¬ viction thereof before the Police Court, for each and every offense, be fined in any sum not more than twenty- five ($25.00) dollars. Section 952. Streets, etc.—Obstructions. — No per¬ son shall obstruct any street, alley, lane, sidewalk or other public highway in the City of Cincinnati by erect¬ ing thereon any fence or building, or permitting any fence or building to remain upon such highway. Any 196 Supplement person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall for the first offense be fined not more than twenty- five ($25.00) dollars, and for the second and any sub¬ sequent offense may, in addition to such a fine, be imprisoned for a period of not more than six months; and each day that any fence or building is permitted to remain upon any such public highway shall be deemed a separate offense. Section 958. Trees—Protection Of.— That it shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, or the employe or agent of any such firm or corporation, to bruise, bend, burn, break, cut, saw or in any wise mutilate or otherwise injure or damage any tree or shrubbery, shade, ornamental or otherwise, or the roots or branches thereof, planted in or along any sidewalk, or along any street, avenue, alley or public highway or place, in the City of Cincinnati, without first obtaining the consent, in writing, of the owner of the premises abutting upon such sidewalk, street, avenue, alley or public highway or place. Section 959. That it shall be unlawful for any per¬ son, firm or corporation, or the employe or agent there¬ of, to hitch any horse, or any other animal, to any such tree or shrubbery, or any box or screen, set for the protection of any such tree or shrubbery, so planted in or along any sidewalk, or along any street, avenue, alley, or other public highway or place in the City of Cincinnati. Section 960. That it shall be unlawful for any per¬ son, firm or corporation, or the employe or agent there¬ of, whether the owner of, or a person in charge of, to hitch any horse or other animal, or to allow the same to be hitched to or to allow the same to stand near enough to any. such tree or shrubbery, or any such box or screen set for the protection of any such tree or shrubbery, so planted in or along any sidewalk, street, avenue, alley or other public highway or place in the City of Cincinnati, ro as to permit such horse or other animal to reach or get at any such tree or shrubbery, or any such tree-box or screen, or for any such per¬ son to permit any horse or other animal, in any wise to injure any such tree or shrubbery, or any such tree-box or screen. Supplement 197 Section 961. That it shall be unlawful for any per¬ son, firm or corporation, or the employe or agent there¬ of, to stretch, place or lay any wires, or to construct or lay any pipes or conduits, or make any excavation along any sidewalk, street, avenue, alley or other pub¬ lic highway or place in the City of Cincinnati, to dig any hole, or to set any pole or post of any kind, so as to deface, injure, mutilate, or otherwise interfere with or retard the growth of any tree or shrubbery, shade, ornamental or otherwise, so planted in or along any such sidewalk, or along any street, avenue, alley, pub¬ lic highway, or other public place, or in any way cut, burn or injure the roots or branches thereof, or per¬ mit the same to be done. Section 962. Nothing herein contained shall apply to the City of Cincinnati with reference to improve¬ ments contemplated by said city, or to any person, company or corporation engaged in the construction or maintenance of an improvement by virtue of a con¬ tract entered into with said city. Section 963. That any person found guilty of vio- latihg any of the provisions of the five preceding sec¬ tions shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined in a sum not exceeding fifty ($50.00) dollars, and , the costs of prosecution. Section 967. Watchman, Private.— That it shall be unlawful for any person to employ any person to act or serve as a private watchman or detective within the limits of the City of Cincinnati, unless said per¬ son so employed shall have resided within said city for at least one year prior to such employment. Any person acting in the capacity of private watchman or detective, who has not been one year a resident of this city, shall be fined not less than ten ($10.00) dollars, nor more than twenty-five ($25.00) dollars, at the dis¬ cretion of the court. *Section 968. That the owner or owners, occupant or occupants, or any person, firm or corporation having the care of any vacant lot or land bordering on any street, square or public place within the city limits shall cut down and remove, or cause to be cut down v *As amended by Ordinance No. 334-12, passed June 18, 1912. « 198 Supplement and removed from such lot all offensive, unwholesome and noxious weeds, vines and grass; and such cutting down and removal shall be done at least twice annually, once on or about June 30th of each year, and the sec¬ ond time on or about September 1st of each year. *Section 969. If the provisions of the foregoing section are not complied with on or before the 7tn day of July, and on or before the 7th day of Septem¬ ber of each year, the Chief of Police shall forthwith serve written notice upon the owner or owners, occu¬ pant or occupants, or any firm or corporation having the care of any such lot set forth in the foregoing sec¬ tion to remove or cause to be removed therefrom, all such offensive, unwholesome and noxious weeds, vines and grass. Section 970. Any such owner or owners, occupant or occupants, or any person, firm or corporation having the care of any such lot, who fails to comply with said notice set forth in the preceding section within ten (10) days from the receipt thereof, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in the sum of not less than five ($5.00) dollars nor more than twenty-five ($25.00) dollars. Section 972. Wires, etc. —That whoever, by him¬ self or by his servant or agent, or as the servant or agent of any corporation, partnership, or person, with¬ out authority, lays, strings or maintains wires, subways, conduits or other appliances for electric light, power, telephone or telegraph, or electric wires for any other purposes in, across or along the public streets, lanes, squares, alleys or other highways of the city, either above or under the surface of the ground, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined in any sum not exceeding fifty ($50.00) dollars nor less than ten ($10.00) dollars, and each day such wires or appliances are allowed to remain in along or across such streets, lanes, squares, alleys or other highways shall be deemed and considered a separate and distinct offense, and punishable accordingly. *As amended by Ordinance Xo. 33 4-12, passed June 18, 1912. Supplement 199 Nuisances. Section 973. That no person shall remove or carry in or through any of the streets, squares, courts, lanes, avenues, places or alleys of the City of Cincinnati, any house dirt or house offal,.animal or vegetable, or any refuse substance, from any of the dwelling houses, or other places of the city, or the carcass of any dead ani¬ mal, unless such person so removing or carrying the same shall have procured a permit so to do from the Health Officer, prescribing the terms and conditions as may be deemed essential to the health and interests of the city. Provided, hower, the provisions hereof shall not apply to any contractor with the city in rela¬ tion to garbage, etc. Section 974. That it shall be the duty of the owner or owners of any dead animal, within six hours after the death of such animal, to notify the Health Officer of such death, for the purpose of securing the removal of the carcass of such animal. Section 975. Any person violating the provisions of the two preceding sections, or any part thereof, shall, upon conviction before the Police Court, be fined in any sum not exceeding fifty ($50.00) dollars nor less than five '($5.00) dollars, together with costs of prose¬ cution. Section 97G. It shall not be lawful for any person to remove the contents of any privy vault, during the warm season, from the first of May to the first of October in each year, without having first obtained a permit from the Health Officer, which permit shall ex¬ press upon its face the hours between which said re¬ moval may be lawful, said permit to be granted for the full season from the first day of May to the first day of October, and the person obtaining the same to pay the sum of fifteen ($15.00) dollars therefor. Such removal shall be made in the night season, between the hours of - 10 and 5 o’clock, and as the Health Officer may direct; and such removal shall be made in closed carts or ves¬ sels, and the person making such removal shall not spill, or deposit, any part of such contents in any street, alley, or other public place, common or thoroughfare. Section 977. That the boats built and used, or used to receive the contents of night carts, dead animals, or offal of any description, and discharging the same in the river, shall not be moored in front of any land- 200 Supplement ing, public or private, within the corporate limits of the city, except at the foot of Wood Street; and any person or persons mooring any boat described as aforesaid, or landing for the purpose of receiving any contents of privy carts, dead anmials, or offal of any description, within the limits aforesaid, except as herein provided, shall be fined in any sum not exceed¬ ing fifty ($50.00) dollars, with costs of prosecution, or be imprisoned not exceeding thirty.(30) days, or both, at the discretion of the Police Court. Section 978. Said boats to be used to receive the contents described in the preceding section shall be suitable for that purpose, and every morning, at or before the hour of 6 o’clock, said boat's shall be taken to the middle of the Ohio River, and their contents discharged into the stream; and they shall be thor¬ oughly Washed and cleansed before landing again. The owners of said boats shall receive on board all and every cart for the purpose of depositing their contents, for which they shall charge a sum fixed by the Health Officer, not exceeding one ($1.00) dollar; and they shall remove all dead carcasses, or other putrid mat¬ ter, sent to said boat by the Health Officer, free of charge. The use of the landing, under the provisions of this and the preceding section, to be without charge to the owner or owners of the boat. Section 979. That it shall be unlawful for any per¬ son to cast into or permit to remain in, or upon, any part of the premises ‘ occupied by him or her, or in or upon any private alley, any kitchen offal, refuse matter, or filth of any kind, after having been notified that carts or other means are employed for carrying the same away. Section 980. It shall be unlawful to cast, throw or leave exposed in any street, lane, alley, lot, common, public ground or water-course, within this city, the dead carcass or offal of any animal, or any putrid or unsound beef, pork, fish, or other putrid or unsound substance, or make, use, keep or permit in his, her or their dwelling house, shop, store, factory, outhouse, cellar, yard, lot, or any other place within the city, any noisome, or offensive liquid, or substance, or stag¬ nant water, prejudicial to the health of the citizens, or any annoyance to the neighborhood. Section 981. It shall not be lawful to gather and haul soap grease through the streets and alleys of the Supplement 201 city, between the first day of May and the first day of October in each year, except in closed carts, wagons or vessels; and in putting grease into said carts, wagons or vessels, such carts, wagons or vessels shall be kept open so long a time only as may be absolutely necessary to receive what is intended to be put there¬ in; nor shall any such cart, wagon or other vehicle used for such purpose be permitted to remain sta¬ tionary more than five (5) minutes at one place in said streets or alleys. Section 982. It shall be unlawful for any person to discharge from his house, factory or lot into any street or alleys of the City of Cincinnati any noisome or offensive liquid or substance prejudicial to the health of the citizens residing in or near such street or alley, or suffer or permit any noisome or offensive- steam or gas, prejudicial to the health of any citizens of said city, to escape or be discharged from any chimney or pipe or other opening in his lot, or con¬ nected with his factory or shop, or suffer or permit the discharge or escape of steam or hot water from the boiler or boilers in any house, factory or lot into or upon any such street or alley; provided that such discharge or escape from such boiler or boilers may be made between the hours of seven (7) and eight (8) o’clock p. M., on Wednesdays or Saturdays, in the presence of a competent guard, who shall before, during, and for fifteen (15) minutes after such dis¬ charge, notify and warn all persons in the vicinity of such discharge or escape. And any lot, factory, house or shop, in the actual use or occupation of any person, shall be deemed the lot, factory, house or shop of such person, within the intent and meaning of this section, although such person be not the owner of such lot, factory, house or shop. Section 983. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons, owning a cow or cows, to suffer such cow or cows to stand, lie or feed on any sidewalks in said city. . Section 984. Any person violating any of the pro¬ visions of Sections 976, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982 and 983 shall be fined in any sum not exceeding twenty ($20.00) dollars, together with costs of prosecution; every day’s continuance of a nuisance or a violation of any of the provisions contained herein shall be considered a distinct offense. 202 Supplement Section 985. Xo person or persons shall throw or lay ashes, cinders, shells, straw, shavings, dirt, old hoops, garbage or offal not otherwise provided herein, or rubbish of any kind whatever, nor allow any noxious, impure or offensive liquid to run or flow into any street, lane, alley or public place in the City of Cin¬ cinnati. But all garbage and offal (not otherwise pro¬ vided for herein), and all ashes, shells, cinders, dirt and rubbish of every kind, shall be placed in boxes, buckets or other suitable vessels, and all such boxes, buckets or vessels shall be kept in a convenient place for removal. And all employes of the city, whose duty it is to remove said ashes, etc., shall use great care to prevent spiffing or scattering any of the same upon private property, or upon public streets or grounds. Section 986. Xo person shall turn over or upset on any street, sidewalk, lane alley or public place the contents of any tub, box, barrel or other vessel con¬ taining any ashes, as specified in the preceding section. Section 987. The violation of any of the provisions of the two preceding sections shall be declared a mis- demeanor, and shall be punished by a fine of not less than one ($1.00) dollar nor more than ten ($10.00) dollars, or by imprisonment in the workhouse for not less than one (1) nor more than five (5) days, or both, at the discretion of the court. Section 988. That it shall be unlawful to maintain a dog pound within three hundred (300) feet of a church, school house o;r of an inhabited dwelling house. Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and fined not more than one hundred ($100.00) dollars, or imprisoned not more than thirty (30) days, or both. Section 989. That the Director of Public Service be and is hereby empowered to declare any vacant or uninclosed lot or lots of said city, .between the Ohio River on the south, and McLean avenue to Har¬ rison avenue on the west, and McMicken avenue west of Elm street, and Clifton avenue east of Elm street on the north, and Eggleston avenue continued north on Broadway on the east, a nuisance, and to compel the owner or agents of such lot or lots to inclose the same with a fence; and when the Director of Public Service has declared any vacant, uninclosed lot or lots to be a nuisance, notice thereof shall be served upon the owner thereof, if he be a resident and present Supplement 203 in the city, or if he be a non-resident, or absent from the city, then upon his agent; and if such owner or agents shall have failed to comply with said notice within twenty days from the day of the service, he shall be subject to the penalty hereinafter prescribed. Section 990. The penalty for the failure to comply with such notice shall be, upon trial and conviction in the Police Court, a line of not less than ten ($10.00) nor more than twenty-live ($25.00) dollars; and each day’s failure to comply with such notice after the ex¬ piration of the twenty days from the day of the ser¬ vice shall be deemed a separate offense, and shall be punished accordingly. Garbage. Section 991. It is hereby made the duty of the occupant or occupants of every dwelling house or other building in the City of Cincinnati to provide a suit¬ able and water-tight box or other vessel, of a con¬ venient size, to be handled by the garbage collector, in which such occupant or occupants shall cause to be placed or deposited all offal, garbage and refuse, animal and vegetable matter, of the premises. Such occupants shall keep such box or other vessel in the alley in rear of such premises, or at a place on the premises most accessible to the person collecting the garbage and offal; and it shall be unlawful to put any but refuse animal and vegetable matter in the vessel used for garbage and offal. Provided, that if the said, receptacle is placed in the alley it shall be provided with a tight coyer, properly closed, and shall be located next to the lot line. % Section 992. The word “garbage” shall be held to include all refuse of animal, fish or vegetable matter which has been used fcTr food for man, and all refuse animal, fish or vegetable matter which was intended to be so used. All garbage shall be collected in water¬ tight closed metal boxes, and such boxes shall be puri¬ fied as often as the Director of Public Service shall direct, and shall have painted thereon the word “(iar- bage.” Section 993. It is hereby made the duty of the con¬ tractor with the ( ity of Cincinnati, for the collection and removal of garbage and dead animals, to collect and remove, in accordance with the ordinances and 204 Supplement contract of the city, all garbage and refuse animal, fish or vegetable matter found within the, city limits; and also all dead animals which are not removed or disposed of by the owner in a lawful manner within a reasonable time, and not exceeding twelve (12) hours from the time of their death. Except as herein pro¬ vided as to dead animals, no other person or party than the City Contractor or his agents shall carry, convey or transport through the streets, alleys or public places of the City of Cincinnati such materials; and it shall be unlawful for any person to interfere in any manner with the collection and disposal of such materials by the City Contractor. Section 994. It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit, throw or place any garbage, fish, dead ani¬ mals or refuse animal and vegetable matter in any avenue, alley, street or public place within the City of Cincinnati, nor shall any person place such materials upon any private property, whether owned by such per¬ son or not, unless the same shall be inclosed in proper vessels or boxes, as provided in Section 991. Section 995. The collection and removal of garbage shall be under the supervision of the Director of Pub¬ lic Service, and it shall be the duty of the Director of Public Service and Police Department, through their proper officials and agents, to enforce the provisions of the foregoing sections. Section 996. That any person or persons violating any of the provisions of the five preceding sections shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof in the Police Court, shall be pun¬ ished by a fine of not more than fifty ($50.00) dollars, and the costs of the prosecution. Section 997. It shall be unlawful for any person to turn over or upset on any street, sidewalk, lane, alley or public place the contents of any vessel containing any garbage, etc., as specified in Section 991 herein, and any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not less than one ($1.00) nor more than ten ($10.00) dollars, or by imprisonment in the workhouse for not less than one (1) nor more than five (5) days, or both, at the discretion of the court. Supplement 205 *Sec. 1023-1. Street Names and Numbering—Dis¬ play Of.— There shall be displayed on at least one cor¬ ner wherever any streets of the city intersect or meet, the names of such streets securely fastened to the side of the building, to a light post, or to a post specially erected for the purpose. *Sec. 1023-2. All street gas lamps and all such elec¬ tric street lamps as are so constructed as to permit thereof, now or hereafter erected, shall have legibly displayed thereon the street number of the house or lot nearest such lamp. *Sec. 1023-3. It “shall be the duty of the Director of Public Service to comply with the provisions of Sec¬ tions 1023-1, 1023-2, and it shall he the duty of the Police Department to report to said Director when any such street names or numbers become defaced or illegible, or have been removed, and said Director shall cause the same to be renewed or repaired, as the case may be. Section 1024. Houses—Numbering.—That every owner of a building on any street, avenue or alley in the city shall, when notified of the proper number of such building by the Chief Engineer of the Department of Public Service, place the same in a conspicuous place on the front of such building. One whole num¬ ber shall be allowed on every twenty-five feet of ground wherever practicable, whether improved or vacant, provided that any house or tenement with a less front than twenty-five feet shall receive a whole number; and that all streets, avenues or alleys running north and south shall number from the river or the commence¬ ment of said street nearest thereto, with odd numbers on the west side and even numbers on the east side of said street, avenue or alley; and all streets, avenues or alleys running east and west shall be numbered east from Vine street, Erkenbrecher avenue and Carthage pike, or the terminus of said street nearest thereto, and west from Vine street, Erkenbrecher avenue and Car¬ thage Pike, or the terminus of said street nearest thereto, with odd numbers o.n the south side and even numbers on the north side of said street, avenue or alley; and in numbering said streets, avenues and alleys, one hundred numbers shall be allowed to each block of the usual length of blocks, so that the number of *As ordained by Ordinance No. 170, passed March 19, 1912. 206 Supplement each consecutive block shall commence with consecu¬ tive hundreds and one. Section 1025. That it shall be unlawful for any per¬ son to take down, alter or deface any number assigned and put up as aforesaid, or to retain an improper num¬ ber, or to substitute any other number on their build¬ ing than the one given by virtue of the preceding section. Section 1026. Any person or persons violating the provisions of Sections 1024 and 1025 shall, on conviction thereof before the Police Court, be fined in any sum not exceeding twenty-five ($25.00) dollars for each and every offense, with costs of the prosecution. ^Section ] 026-1. Whenever any building shall stand back more than seventy-five (75) feet from the street line, the number of such building shall be conspicu¬ ously displayed at or near the walk, driveway or com¬ mon entrance to such building and the street line upon the gate post, fence, tree, post or other appropriate place, so as to be easily legible from the sidewalk. Section 1027-1. Stables, Prohibiting Erection Of.— That no public livery stable shall be erected in the square bounded by Fairfield Avenue, Kinney Avenue, Wold Avenue and Fairfax Avenue, in the City of Cin¬ cinnati, County of Hamilton, Ohio, without a license of Council being first thereto obtained. Section 1027-2. That no public livery stable shall be erected in the square bounded by Fourth Street, La\Vrence Street,' Pike Street and Buchanan Street in the City of Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio, without a license of Council being first thereto obtained. BLOCKED SQUARES. Section 1029. A petition, signed by the owners of two-thirds (%) of the real estate on the several squares hereinafter mentioned, having been presented to Coun¬ cil, as provided by law, it shall be unlawful to erect on any square hereinafter mentioned, any building,. or addition to any building, more than ten (10) feet high, unless the outer walls be made of iron, stone, brick or mortar, or of some of them, and such erection is *As ordained by Ordinance No. 169, passed March 19, 19ll Supplement 207 hereby prohibited. The provisions of this section and the squares named are in addition to those named in Sections Nos. 352-22 and 451 herein. Section 1029-1. Baum, Ellen, Fifth and Third Streets. Section 1029-2. Baum Street, East Fifth Street, Lock Street and East Sixth Street. Section 1029-3. Broadway, Milton, Wilson and Lib¬ erty Streets. Section 1029-4. Burnet, Wilson, Hearne and North¬ ern Avenues. * Section 1029-6. Chase Street, Turrill Street, Pullan Avenue and Hamilton Avenue. Section 1029-7. Colerain Avenue, Dorman, Cherry and Burgoyne Streets. Section 1029-8. Corry Street, Auburn Avenue, Au- burndale and Euclid Avenue. Section 1029-9. Corry, Calhoun, Vine and Jefferson Streets. Section 1029-10. Drake Alley, Young, Boal and Prospect Streets. * * ** * Section 1029-13. Evans Alley, Loth Street, East Alley, and the north line of Elsas and Loth’s Subdi¬ vision. § ■ • « $ Section 1029-16. Hamilton Road, Brown Street, Drainage Street and east bank of the canal. Section 1029-17. Hamilton Road, Main, Locust and Buckeye Streets. *Section 1029-5 repealed by Ordinance No. 224-14, passed May 5, 1914. **Section 1029-11 repealed by Ordinance No. 122-13, passed P'ebruary 18, 1913. *Section 1029-12 repealed by Ordinance No. 215-13, passed April 15, 1913. §Section 1029-14 repealed by Ordinance No. 178-14, passed April 7, 1914. {Section 1029-15 repealed by Ordinance No. 89-14, passed February 24, 1914. 208 Supplement t • Section 1029-19. Huntington Place, Main Street and Lewis Street (Auburn Terrace). Section 1029-20. Jefferson Avenue, Scioto Street, Calhoun Street and Claasen Street. Section 1029-21. Liberty, Milton, Broadway and Mansfield Streets. Section 1029-22. Liberty, Milton, Young and Price Streets. Section 1029-23. Liberty-, Wilson, Milton and Young Streets. Section 1029-24. Lower River Road, street known as Short Street, I. C. L. R. R. and the Bold Face Creek. Section 1029-25. Mansfield, Liberty, Sycamore and Milton Streets. Section 1029-26. Melrose Avenue, Lincoln Avenue, Stanton Avenue and Beecher Street. Section 1029-27. McMicken Avenue, Locust Street, Oak and Buckeye Streets. ft Section 1029-29. McMillan. Street, Kinsey Avenue, Reading Road and Cumberland Street. Section 1029-31.' McMillan Street, Park Avenue, Curtis Street and Kemper Lane. Section 1029-32. Mulberry Street, from Vine Street to an alley opposite Rice Street, by said alley to Peete Street, to Vine Street, to place of beginning. Section 1029-33. Nassau Street, North Street, St. James Avenue, Francisco Street and Fulton Avenue. Section 1029-34. Oak Street, May Street, Stanton Avenue and Tuxedo Place. Section 1029-35. Poplar, Buckeye, Vine and Peete Streets. fSection 1029-18 repealed by Ordinance No. 307-13, passed May 27, 1913. tfSection 1029-28 repealed by Ordinance No. 477-13, passed September 2, 1913. **Section 1029-30 repealed by Ordinance No. 367-13, passed June 24, 1913. Supplement 209 * Section 1029-37. Saunders Street, Huntington Place, Main Street and Sycamore (or Lewis) Street. Section 1029-38. Schiller, Mulberry,„ Hughes and Main Streets. * Section 1029-39. Young Street, Milton Street, Von Seggern Alley and Boal Street. Section 1029-40. Thill, Loth, St. Joe and Vine Streets. Section 1029-41. Vine, Buckeye and Oak Streets, and Hust Alley. Section 1029-42. Vine, Zeltner, Charlton and Dan¬ iel Streets. Section 1029-43. Wehrman Avenue, Fredonia Ave¬ nue, Whittier Street and C., L. & N. R. R. Ordinance No. 2189. (Passed November 7, 1910.) Woodburn Avenue, Fairfax Avenue, Hackberry Street and Hewitt Avenue. Ordinance No. 2820. (Passed September 11, 1911.) Burnet Avenue, Highland Avenue, East Auburn Ave¬ nue and Sheas Place. Ordinance No. 2872. (Passed October 16, 1911.) Ordinance No. 1010 repealed. Grand (now Sinton) Avenue, Nassau Street, Fulton Avenue and Eden Park. Ordinance No. 2883. (Passed October 23, 1911.) Jefferson, Ludlow, Brookline, Marion and Alexander Avenues, and Bishop Street. ^Ordinance No. 250-13. (Passed April 29, 1913.) Erie, Duncan, Observatory and Monteith. •(■Ordinance No. 268. (Passed May 14, 1912.) Melish Avenue, Reading Road, Union Street and Savoy Place. Boorman Avenue, Melish Avenue, Van Buren Avenue, Whittier Street and Reading Road, Melish Avenue, Van Buren Avenue, Whittier Street, Wehrman Avenue and C., L. & N. R. R. *Section 1029-36 repealed by Ordinance No. 390-13, passed July 1 , 1913. $As ordained by Ordinance No. 250-13, passed April 29, 1913. fAs ordained by Ordinance No. 268-12, passed May 14, 1912. 210 Supplement tf Ordinance No. 366-13. (Passed June 24, 1913.) St. Clair, Rochelle, Scioto and Powhatan Streets. **Ordinance No. 416-13. (Passed July 15, 1913.) West side Reading Road, north side Greenwood and south side of North Crescent. JOrdinance No. 468-12. (Passed September 10, 1912.) Hale Avenue, Reading Road, Ridgeway Ave¬ nue and Harvey Avenue. ^Ordinance No. 185-14. (Passed April 14, 1914.) Louden. Morrell, Paradrome and Parkside. §Ordinance No. 186-14. (Passed April 14, 1914.) Fredonia, Whittier and C. L. & N. R. R. Ordinance No. 335-14. (Passed June 23, 1914.) Pullan, Chase, Langland and Williamson Place. Ordinance No. 464—14. (Passed September 1 , 1914.) Woodburn Avenue, Hapsburg, Harvard and Gilbert. Ordinance No. 323-14. (Passed June 16, 1914.) Rohs, Chickasaw, McMillan and Warner. Ordinance No. 282-15. (Passed May 18, 1915.) Gilbert Avenue, Eden Park Entrance, C. L. & N. R. R. and Kenton Street Bridge. Ordinance No. 573-14. (Passed October 20, 1914.) Paradrome, Parkside Place, Morrell Street and Martin Street. Ordinance No. 304-15. (Passed June 11, 1915.) Whittier, Reading Road, Ridgeway, Fredonia and C. L. & N. R. R. ^Ordinance No. 711-15. To block the square bounded by Ashland Avenue, Woodburn Avenue, Myrtle Ave¬ nue and Chapel Street. ^Ordinance No. 422-16. To block the square bounded by Alpine Place, Nassau Street, Luray Avenue and St. Paul Place. v ft As ordained by Ordinance No. 366-13, passed June 24, 1913. **As ordained hy Ordinance No. 416-13, passed July 15, 1913. tAs ordained by Ordinance No. 468-12, passed Sep¬ tember 10, 1912. If As ordained by Ordinance No. 185-14, passed April 14, 1914. §As ordained by Ordinance No. 186-14, passed April 14, 1914. *As ordained by Ordinance No. 711-15, passed De¬ cember 28, 1915. JAs Ordained by Ordinance No. 422-16,- passed Oc¬ tober 3, 1916. Supplement 211 GENERAL INFORMATION. Duplicates. All applications for new building and alteration permits must be accompanied by duplicate plans and duplicate specifications. No permits will be issued until both sets of plans and specifications have been marked “Examined and approved.” These duplicates are not allowed to be taken from the office under any circumstances. Lot Lines shall be shown on plans or on a separate sketch. Distances from one lot line to nearest street corner must be given. If the buildings or grades on adjoining lots are involved in any way, all the facts concerning the adjoining lots pertinent to the issu¬ ance of a permit shall be shown. House Numbers should be stated on application where possible. When any adjoining buildings are within thirty (30) feet of the proposed building, the exact location of the former must be shown on the plan or plat. This applies ,t° store buildings, warehouses, factories and workshops, tenement houses and hotels, and all fire¬ proof and semi-fireproof buildings. Permits issued from 9 a. m. to 12 m. and from 1 p. M.-to 3 p. m. Permits are issued only on drawings in ink accompanied with specifications. 212 Index INDEX A Section Access by adjoining owners. 368 to drainage plans and specifications. 340 to rooms in tenement houses. 551 Accessories, in violating Code. 577 Accessibility of structural members for painting.. 407 Additions to heights of old buildings. 434 Adjoining owners, notice to. 366 responsibility of . 367 access by . 368 Adjoining skylights and roofs, protection of. 369 Administrative .Sub-Title I Advance information for preparing plans. 340 Advertising .834, 834-1 Aggregate, quality required for concrete. 391 Air and Light .Sub-Title VI, Chapter I Air and light in cellars . , 531 in buildings . 532 in tenement houses, hotels and lodging hous¬ es .;. 532 Air space not allowed between fireprofing and structural steel . 441 Aisles and seats in theaters. 509 Alley and street, definition of.:. 352 Alterations to elevator shafts. 502 to hoists, scaffolds, ropes, etc. 503 permits . 341 definition of .352-1 Alterations to buildings. 869 Anchoring of beams and joists. 443 of compression steel in reinforced concrete beams . 418 of walls . 437 Apartment houses, access to rooms and water- closets . 551 Appeal, Board of. 338 Apparatus, fire-extinguishing . 459 Appendages, definition of.352-4 Application blanks . 340 for permits . 340 use of sidewalks. 372 streets and other spaces. 372 Index 213 Section Arched openings, required where drains pass through walls . 556 Arches, floor . 440 Area, maximum subdivided by brick walls.444, 467 definition of .352-2 of concrete to be figured in compression in reinforced concrete columns. 418 for windows in tenements. 533 Areas, courts and yards to be drained. 558 Arrangement of pipes to be as straight and direct . as possible . 560 Assembly halls, classification of.354-3 exits and stairs. 507 Assembly halls in buildings 3 stories or more high must be fireproof.449-b minimum live loads for. 397 prohibited hazards . 460 Assistants and deputies, duties and salaries of.... 333 Assistant Plan Examiner, salary of.333-3c Assumptions in design of concrete. 417 Asylums, stand pipes in. 457 Attic, definition of...352-3 Auditorium, exits and stairs:.•. 507 Automatic sprinklers in theatres. 458 Awnings extending across sidewalk. 382 permanently suspended ..349-11 cost of permits for.349-11 B Backing of walls faced with cut stone, pressed brick, terra cotta, etc. 435 of wood wainscoting. 446 Badges worn in conspicuous place when on duty.. 336 Balconies allowed within the fire limits. 451-e projection of . 380 Ball rooms ..776, 776-1 Bands not permitted. 561 Bars, deformed, allowable unit stress.402-a grip required in reinforced concrete. 419 Basement, definition of.352-5 living rooms in, ventilated, etc. 539 floors and walls damp-proofed.’ 539 walls against bank furred. 539 Base of wall, definition of.352-8 Base of levels .28-la, b Bases, projection of. - } 79 Bases for cast-iron columns. 409 214 Index Section Bay windows, definition of.352~6 allowed within the fire limits.451-f projection of .. ..-. 380 Beams, forms of concrete, when to be removed. ... 415 protection of metal in reinforced con¬ crete ..352-19, 420 protection of structural steel. 441 wood, minimum depth. 443 and columns, covering of. 441 Bearing allowable on masonry.. 401 on soil.„. 400 partitions of wood. 444 amount of, required for slabs. 419 Benzine, buildings for storage of. 483 Billboards and signs.345, 455, 349-7, 349-8 Blacksmith shop, when restricted.. 452 Blocks, hollow building . 386 concrete . 433 Block squares, definition of...452, 1027-1, 1027-2, 1029, 1029-1 to 1029-43 inc., 2189, 2820, 2872, 2883, 268-12, 468-12, 250-13, 366-13, 416-13, 185-14, 186-14, 573-14, 323-14, 335-14, 282-15, 304-15, 711-15, 422-16. Block restrictions .. 452 Blow holes in cast-iron columns. 409 Blow-off tank for steam, when required. 556 Board of Appeal, Department of Buildings, term, fees. 338 Board of Examiners of picture machine operators 484-b Board of Examiners of Plumbers.. . Sup’ment Sections .290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298 Boilers, heating and furnaces. 463 Boiler rooms in garages. 481 Bolts, when allowed in skeleton steel constructed buildings . 405 as connections for trusses. 411 working stresses for.402-b Bond of Commissioner, Chief Inspector, Engineer, and Deputies .. 334 assumed between concrete and steel in de¬ sign of reinforced concrete.417-a plate for brick piers. 439 required for brick walls.435, 438 concrete block walls. 443 rubble walls . 432 stone walls . 438 Booths, election, allowed within the fire limits. .. .451-b for picture machine. 484 Index 215 Section Box girders, requirements* for. 410 Bracing, calculation of... 395 for frame Buildings .. 448 for sekeleton steel constructed buildings.... 408 Brackets, protection from corrosion. > . 414 Branch soil and waste pipes, fall required. 561 vent pies kept above top of connecting fix¬ tures . 563 Breweries, when restricted. 452 Brick, old to be cleaned. 385 percentage of bats allowed. 385. quality required.385, 432 veneer . 436 Brick piers, between windows, minimum thickness of . 439 isolated, maximum height of. 439 Brickwork, safe bearing load on. 401 thickness of, in foundations. 432 Brick and masonry work. 438 Bridges, protection from corrosion. 414 Building blocks, concrete, hollow tile and vitrified clay, requirements for. 386 strength of. 402 use of, when allowed . 433 use of, for foundations. 432 vitrified clay, maximum height, non-bearing partitions . 442 requirements for. 386 strength of ./. 402 table of maximum height of walls.... 425 Building line, definition of.352-7 Buildings, assembly hall classification, fireproof ,.354-3, 449-b club house classification, fireproof. 356 Building permits .341, 341-a, 342, 343, 344 revocation of . 347 time limit of. 348 cost of.349, 349-1 to 349-8 inc. Buildings, cleanliness of.... Sub-Title VI, Chap. II 550 condemnation of-unsafe. 487 Buildings, conflict between general and special pro¬ visions . 363 detention classification, fireproof... .354-1, 449-a dry cleaning, fireproof.449-a 21G Index Section Buildings, dwellings, classification. 3-58 factory, classification, fireproof.355-5, 449-d fireproof . 449 frame . 448 frame, veneered with brick. 436 garages, public, classification, fireproof .360, 449-a hotels, classification, fireproof.355-1, 449-c increasing height of. 434 inspection and condemnation of unsafe.... 487 lighting of . 534 light and air in. 532 lodging houses, classification, fireproof.... . 355-1, 449-c office, classification, fireproof.355-2, 449-c overloading . 488 picture machine theatre, classification.354-5 public, classification, fireproof...354, 449-a removal of..870, 454 school, classification, fireproof ......354-2, 449-b semi-public, classification . 355 semi-fireproof . 450 sheds, classification . 361 stables, classification .. 359 store, classification, fireproof.355-3, 449-d tenement house, classification, fireproof .357, 449-c theatre, classification, fireproof.354-4, 449-e toilet facilities of.Sub-Title VI, Chap. II unsafe, inspection and condemnation of. 487 used for more than, one class. 362 warehouse, classification, fireproof. .355-4, 449-d workshop, classification .355-6 within fire limits, balconies.451-e bay windows .451-f coal tipples .451-h exterior walls of brick.451-b exterior walls of incombustible mater¬ ial ..451—i fences ... 451-g frame or wood allowed, election booths .451-b lumber piles .451—i platforms .....451-b stands .451-b temporary ..'.451-a tents .451-b Index 217 Section Buildings within fire limits, grain elevators .451-h ice houses .451-h incombustible roofs .451—i no frame or wood allowed. 451 within fire limits, not exceeding 12 ft. high. .451-c piazzas .451-e privies .,.451-d roofs, incombustible .451—i railroad yard offices and signal towers... .451-h sheds . 451-d wharf houses .451-h Burning fluid . 483 Buttresses, when required for brick walls. 430 concrete walls . 432 fireproof partitions . 442 C Calcium carbide in garages. 481 Calculation of stresses.Sub-Title IV, Chap. II Calculation of construction. 394 Camphine . 483 Cans of metal in garages. 481 Canopies extending across sidewalk. 382 Capacity of floors, notice posted in factories. 488 in warehouses . 488 » in workshops . 488 in stores . 488 in dance halls . 490 of freight elevators, posting. 489 of all elevators, posting .498-a Carbon oil . 483 Cast iron, bases of.-.406, 409 cap plates for piers. 439 columns of . 409 column, formulae for. 404 columns, fillings for. 413 columns not placed on wood bases. 409 factor of safety of. 399 lintels, when not allowed. 405 pipe . 554-a quality required . 393 working stress for. 402 Catchbasins and vaults to be abolished. 54 ;j Ceilings of wood, not allowed. 446 218 Index Section Cellar, definition of.352-9 doors in sidewalk. 377 drain, when allowed. 558 light and air in. 531 Cement* definition of.352-10 Cement, requirements for. 389 Cement mortar . 390-2 Centers, wood for trimmer arches. 466 Cesspools, when permitted.557 not to be used as privy vaults. 557 location for. 557 Challenging member of Board of Appeal. 338 Channeling of walls. 428 Chases for pipe. 428 Chestnut, working stresses for. .. 402 Chutes, coal in sidewalks. 377 Chief clerk and plan examiner, salary of.333-3 Chief Inspector of Buildings, duties, salary, term .333-1, 335, 333-11 Chief Housing Inspector, duties, salary.333-10 Chief Sanitary Inspector of Buildings, duties, sal¬ ary, term .333^1, 335, 333-11 Chimneys, flues and fireplaces. 466 framing of joists around breast.. 443 unsafe . 466 fire in . 884 Chutes, dirt in. 486 Cinder concrete, use of in floor arches. 440 City, base of levels.28-la-b City officers, duty. 569 Solicitor, suits by.. 571 Civil proceedings . 570 Classification of buildings.Sub-Title II, Chapter II Clay, safe bearing load on. 400 vitrified building blocks, quality of.386-b Cleaning device for windows. 505 Cleanliness in tenement houses, lodging houses and hotels . 550 Cleanliness and toilet facilities in buildings. .Sub-Title VI, Chapter II Cleanouts on house drain, sizes.554-f, 556 Clearance for elevators. 501 Clerks, salary of.333-3e, 333-4, 333-10a Club houses, classification. 356 Coal chutes in sidewalks. 377 Coal oil . 483 Coal tipples, allowed within the fire limits.. ...... .451-h when restricted . 452 Index 219 Section Code, definition of.352-11 invalidity of part of. 573 penalties for violation of.576, 577 Collapse of buildings, prevention of. .Sub-Title V, Chapter II Column and beam covering. 441" Columns, cast iron. 409 f concrete, design of. 418 - filling for cast iron, when required. 413-^ fireproofing for structural steel. 441'" forms for concrete. 415 — projection permitted beyond building line.. . 379 — protection of metal in concrete.352-19, 420 ^ riveted connections required. 405 ^ structural to be secured to base. 406- unit stress for cast iron, steel and wood. 404 unit stresses for concrete. 403 unit stresses for, in pin-connected trusses.. . 411 — Combined stresses to be provided for... 411 Commercial buildings, safe loads for. 397 Commissioner of Buildings.Sub-Title I, Chapter I duties, salary, term.•.332 to 335 organization of office. * .333-11 report annually of payment of fees. 350 shall be furnished plans and specifications .340, 344, 346 bond of. 334 decisions of . 338 Common offsets not permitted. 561 Compression flange secured against buckling. 410 Compression steel in reinforced concrete beams.. . 418 Computations to be submitted when required. 394 Concrete construction.Sub-Title IV, Chapter IV Concrete, aggregates required for. 391 arches, rise of. 440 assumption in design of. 417 blocks .433, 386-c calculation of moments. 419 cinder concrete used for arches. 440 conditions for variations of design. 421 construction.Sub-Title IV, Chapter IV definition of .352-12 design of .'. 418 factor of safety for. 399 foundations . 432 manner of mixing. 391 placing of . 416 220 Index Section Concrete, maximum time allowed between mixing and placing . 391 proportions, how measured. 391 protection of metal in..352, 420 provisions for keeping damp. 416 safe bearing load on. 401 sand for . 387 temperature, minimum for placing. 416 walls, reinforcement for. 418 water, amount required in. 391 working stresses for... .403, 418 Condemnation of unsafe buildings. 487 Condensing tank, when allowed to be omitted. 556 Conditions under which concrete design may be varied . 421 Conflict between special and general provisions... 363 Connections to soil and waste pipes to be sanitary Y and T. 561 accessible after erection.. 407 for eccentric loads. 407 for house drain and sewer. 556 for relief *or vapor pipe. 556 of wood girders to columns. 443 to columns to be riveted. 405 to provide for wind pressure.. 408 to sewer, separate for each building. ...555, 553 to public sewer required as soon as possible. 557 requirements for drains for areas, courts and yards . 558 Construction, calculation of. 394 skeleton steel. 405 concrete .Sub-Title IV, Chapter IV ordinary.Sub-Title IV, Chapter V floor. 440 Continuous partitions to be fire-stopped. 445 Coping for division walls of frame buildings. 447 fence and fire walls. 437 Copper and lead finishing.554-g wire baskets required over vents. 561 Cornices, anchors for. 437 Corridors, minimum loads for. 397 Corrosion, protection from. 414 Cost of permits. 349 Cost of buildings, verification of. 351 Counterweight for elevators.. 499 Coursed stone pier.s and walls, thickness of. 439 Index 221 Section Courts and yards, to be drained. 558 definition of ..352-13 in tenement houses, hotels and lodging houses 538 center courts.538-a side courts.538-b inclosed courts.538-c end courts.538-d angles and bays in courts.538-e Covering of beams and columns. 441 . Curtain in theaters.. 470 Custody of plans and specifications for future refer¬ ence . 340 D Dance halls, posting capacity of. 490 Datum point.Supplement Section 28-la-b Dead loads, what included.;. 396 full dead load to be provided for. 398 Decisions of Commissioner. 338 Board of Appeal. e . 338 Decrease of strength in wood beams and girders provided for . 443 Defects in elevators.498-c Deformed bars, grip required in concrete. 419 Definitions .Sub-Title II, Chapter I Definition of alley and streets. 352 alteration .352-1 areas .252-2 attics . 352-3 appendages .352-4 basements .352-5 bay windows.352-6 building line .’.352-7 base of wall.352-8 cellar.352-9 cement .352-10 code .352-11 concrete .352-12 courts .352-13 drain .352-14 dry-cleaning business .352-15 dumb waiter.352-16 factor of safety.....352-17 fireproof material .353-18 building .352-19 222. Index Section Definition of fireproof doors and shutters.352-20 windows .352-21 fire limits .352-22 footings . 1 .352-23 foundations .352-24 hall, public and stair.352-25 height of building.....352-26 walls ./. ..352-27 stories -:.352-28 •incombustible roof.'. .352-29 stud partition ..352-30 material .352-31 length of building.352-32 loads of building.352-33 lot line . .352-34 mill construction .'.352-35 mortar .352-36 opening .352-37 owner .352-38 partition ..<.352-39 pipe, soil, waste and vent.,...352-40 post .352-41 repairs . 352-42 semi-fireproof building .352-43 sewer, private and house.352-44 shaft ..-..352-45 slow-burning construction .352-46 ton .352-47 veneer . 352-48 volatile inflammable liquid.352-49 wall, external division, party, division bear¬ ing .352-50 apron, foundation, fire, retaining... 352-50 wells .352-51 width of building.352-52 wire glass .352-53 yard .352-54 Derricks . 503 use of guide ropes for. 373 Design of reinforced concrete.418 to 421 Detention buildings must be fireproof, live loads . for ..354-1, 354, 397, 449-a Device for window cleaning. 505 Deposits required by parties appealing. 338 Depth of foundation walls . ; . 432 Depth of excavation allowed without incurring liability . 364 Index 223 Section Deputy inspectors of buildings, salary, duties .333-6, 333-7, 333-8, 333-8-a, 333-9, 333-11, 335 Design, conditions under which variations may he made in concrete construction. 421 assumption in concrete construction.417, 418 Diagram of exits in theaters..... 514 Diameters of soil and waste pipes, tables of. 561 Dirt chutes, sheet steel. 486 fire doors for.'.. 486 Display cases, projection of. 381 Display of exit signs in theaters. 514 Distillery, when restricted.452 Division walls, height and thickness of. 427 Dissatisfaction with Commissioner’s decision. 338 Division walls, bearing . 422 for frame buildings..*..... 448 thickness and height of. 427 Docket of unsafe buildings .. 487 Doors, cellar . 377 Door openings in fireproof buildings. 442 Doors and windows, fireproof. 456 Double hubs not permitted. # . 561 Drainage plans and specifications. 340 inspector, salary, duties, etc...333-9, 333-11, 335 sewerage . 555 system to be ventilated. 562 Drains, definition of.352-14 house and sewer. 556 for yards, courts, areas, floors. 558 Dressing rooms in theaters. 475 Drip pipe under pressure not connected to house- drain . t . 556 Dry-cleaning business . .. 480 definition of .352-15 inspection fee .480-a heating of buildings.480-c law pertaining to, penalty for violating.480-1 storage, volatile substances .480-d tanks for . 480-e vented ...' .480-f Dry-cleaning buildings, lighting of. 478 must be fireproof.. . ..449-a steam pipes for. 4 57 Dumb waiter, definition of.352-16, 496 Duty of city officers. 569 Dwelling houses, minimum live loads for. 397 classification . 358 224 Index Section E Earthenware traps, method of venting. 562 Eccentric loading, provisions for. 398 in skeleton steel buildings. 407 in trusses. 411 Egress in general. 506 Egress, factories and workshops (stairs).515, 516 stores. 517 theatres. 508 in buildings other than theatres. 515 Election booths, allowed within the fire limits.451-b Electrician, Inspector, duties, salary. .333-8, 335, 333-11 Electric wiring . 478 Electric wdring in dry-cleaning buildings. 478 Elevators, hoists, ropes and scaffolds. Sub-Title V, Chapter III Elevator Inspector, salary, duties.^333-7, 335 Elevator, capacity of to be posted._.489, 498-a clearance for . 501 counterweight.".. 499 defects in.498~c entrance on two sides.492-a governors or regulators. 500 guards and gates. 491 inclosures, incombustible .492-a in non-fireproof buildings.492-a in other buildings.492-a of elevator machinery. 494 doors in ... *.492-a skylight over . 493 in existing hotels, non-fireproof office buildings, stores, tenement houses... .492-b inspection of.349-6, 487, 498 installation of . 346 permits required for.349-5 machinery to be inclosed..*... 494 not to be operated without inspection cer¬ tificate .349-6 operator for .498-b regulating operating, etc.880-1-2-3 shafts, alterations to.. . 502 inclosed, skylight over. 493 not inclosed. 491 provisions in. 497 sidew T alk. 495 trap doors for. 491 Index 225 Section Elevator and stairs 4n one enclosure in stores. 518 Enclosures, water-closet. 544 Enforcement of ordinances.Sub-Title VII, Chap. I Engineer, salary and duties.333-2, 335, 333-11 Examiners of moving-picture machine operators, 484-bl to 12 inc. of plumbers..Supplement Section 290 to 298 inc. of titles . 339-4 Excavation of sidewalk. 341-a depth of . 364 Exhaust pipe not to be connected to house drain... 556 Existing hotels, elevators to be inclosed.492-b non-fireproof office buildings, elevators to be inclosed .492-b rooms in tenements. 536 stores, elevators to be inclosed.492-b tenement houses, elevators to be inclosed..492~b stairs to be inclosed. 519 Exit doors open out, buildings of public character. 506 churches . 506 department stores.. v .... 506 Exit doors open out, depots. 506 hotels . 506 inspector, salary, duties, etc... .333-6, 335, 333-11 public halls . 506 restaurants . 506 stores . 506 Exits and stairways.Sub-Title V, Chapter IV Exit doors open out, theatres. 506 Exits, auditoriums . 507 assembly halls.•. 507 display of in theatres. 514 picture machine theatres.. 507 theatres . 510 Exit sign in stores.518-519 Explanation of tables of wall thickness. 425 Exterior walls, brick within fire limits.451—i incombustible material, within city limits. ...451—i External walls . 422 Eye bars, requirements for. 411 i Facing required for columns and beams in build¬ ings— of monolith construction . 424 of skeleton steel construction. 424 226 Index Section Factories and workshops, classification of..355~5, 355-6 egress (stairs) .!..'.515, 516 exter-ior doors open out. 516 fire escapes for. 523 fireproof doors and windows in. 456 fire walls in. 467 light and ventilation. 532 minimum live load for. 397 reduction of live loads on columns and girders 398 seven stories or more must be fireproof... .449-d stairs inclosed . 518 toilet facilities . 54.1 Factors of safety. 399 definition of .352-17 Fall in sewers. 555 house drain and sewer. 556 Fees for advertising fences, bill and sign boards. .349-7 elevator permits .349-5 inspection of elevators.349-6 plumbing .349-2 payment of. 350 plumbing permits .349-1 repair permits.349-10 rescinding permits .349-9 shoring, raising, moving.349-4 wrecking permits.349-3 Fences allowed in fire limits.451-g Fences over eight feet high.449-1 Ferrules, sizes and weights.554-e Filling masonry . 413 Filling cesspools and privy vaujts, when required.. 557 Films, storage and manufacture. 485 Fire Department, work in charge of. .... 477 inspections by.Supplement 1-7 inc. Fire doors for dirt chutes. 486 elevator inclosure .492-a garages . 481 Fire escape inspector, duties, salary. .333-6, 335, 333-11 inspection of .487-528 incumbrance.526, 528 for opera houses . 522 for other buildings . 522 for stores, workshops and factories.517-523 for tenement houses .524-525 for theaters. 522 for school houses and other buildings. 522 specifications, tenement house.525-a to o, inc. notice “To the fire escape’". 527 ' Section Fire escapes figured in lot occupancy. 530 painting of .. 414 Fire extinguishing apparatus on stage. 459 in garages . 481 Fire hose, for stand pipe. 457 Fire limits.352-22 frame or wood buildings not allowed.451 allowed . ...' ...451-a-i Fire in chimneys. Fireplaces and flues. framing of joists for. Fireproofing and fire prevention.. Sub-Title V, Fireproof buildings . definition of. doors and windows and shutters. 352-21, 456 material, definition of. partitions .<... \ Fire plugs, obstruction of. Fire stops . ... 884 ... 466 ... 443 Chap. I ... 449 .352-19 , 352-20 .352-18 ... 442 ..890-1 ... 445 Fire walls.467, 515 of concrete blocks. 433 Fixtures, gas, plumbing.479 566 Flashing, lead and copper. 554-g Flat arches, minimum length of. 440 Flemish bond .:. 435 Floor arches and floor construction. 440 area, maximum, subdivided by brick walls... 444 beams . 443 of water closets. 547 drains, when allowed. overloading with building material.... Flues and fireplaces. framing joists around. not considered recesses in walls. in tenements .. •Flue linings. Flush pipes for water closets, size and couplings Fly galleries in theatres. Footings, definition of. Forms for concrete. !... Foundations, for cast-iron columns. columns in skeleton steel buildings. definition of. walls, thickness of. Foundry, when restricted. .... 558 .... 488 .... 466 .... 443 .... 428 .... 466 . . . . 466 for. 566 . . . . 473 . . 409 . . 406 352-24 .. 432 .. 452 228 Index Section Frame buildings, construction of. 448 veneered with brick. 436 removal of. 454 framing. 407 Freight elevators, posting capacity of. 489 Funds for use of Commissioner of Buildings. ...... 572 Furring, wooden fire stops for. 445 Furnaces and boilers. 463 G Garages, public, boiler room in. 481 calcium carbide in. 481 classification or definition. 360 fire extinguisher in. 481 fireproof buildings . 449-a-481 metal cans in. 481 sand in . 481 smoking in. 481 volatile substances . 482 Garbage.991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997 Gas engines, mufflers for.913-1 Gas grates. 466 light (green) over theatre exits. 514 piping and fixtures. 479 stoves . 465 reservoir, when restricted. 452 Gasoline storage .482, 896, 897, 898 tanks, construction of.482. 483 Gates for elevator shafts. 491 General terms, definition of. 353 General enforcement of ordinance. .Sub-Title VII, Chapter I Girders, spandrel in skeleton constructed buildings 407 box and plate requirements for. 410 wood, minimum depth of. 443 Governors for elevators. 500 Gradients .508, 509 Grading of lots. 365 Grain elevators, when restricted. 452 allowed within the fire limits. 451-h Granite, working stresses for. ...... 402 Gravel, safe bearing load on. 400 Grip of bars, in reinforced concrete... ' 419 Guards to workmen. 504 Gusset plates. 412 Guide ropes for derricks, use of. 373 Index 229 Section H Hall, public, and stairs, definition of.352-25 Handling and storage of volatile substances in garages .482, 483 in other buildings. 482 Hand hole cleanouts required on house drains. . . . 556 Hand rail for theatre stairs. 513 Hazards, in theatres, local ... 462 prohibited .460, 461 Headers, when required. 435 Hearths .^. 466 Heating furnaces and boilers. 463 Height of building, definition of. 352-26 walls, definition of.352-27 stories, definition of.352-28 Height, maximum of brick walls. 430 non-bearing tile partitions. 442 stone walls . 432 and thickness of division walls. 427 and size of living rooms in tenement houses. 540 Hemlock, working stresses for. 402 Hoists, contractors’. 503 alterations of.^. 503 Hollow brick furring considered as a veneer. 435 Hollow building blocks, quality of. 386 strength of. 402 Hooks, contractors’. 503 Hoops for reinforce^ concrete columns. 419 Horizontal runs of soil and waste pipes, diameters of. 561 Hose, fire, for stand pipe. 457 for theatres. 458 Hospitals, minimum live loads for. 397 " stand pipes in. 457 Hotels, ash and garbage cans for.550-a cellars and light courts whitewashed.. .550, 550-a classification of .355-1 cleanliness in. 550 existing, elevator inclosures.492-b kept in good repair. 550 light and ventilation. 532 in water-closets .537, 543 lot occupancy. 530 minimum live loads for. 397 must be fireproof.449-c notice “To the fire-escape”. 527 prohibited hazards . 460 230 Index Section Hotels, stairs, egress.,.515, 520 inclosed .!. 518 stand pipes in. 457 toilet facilities in. 542 Hotels, water drained away from. 550 yards and courts. 538 House drain, support for. 558 to run as direct as possible. 556 and sewer . 556 connections for . 556 House sewer, table of sizes of. 556 House traps . 553 Housing Inspector, Chief.333-10 Houses, numbering of.Supplement Section 1024, 1025, 1026, 1026-1 I Ice house, when restricted. 452 Ice houses allowed within the fire limits.451-h Impact, allowance for. 397 Inclosures for elevators.492-a for elevator machinery. 494 for water-closets . 544 Incombustible roof, definition of.352-29 stud partition, definition of.352-30 material, definition of.352-31 Inflammable material, storage of.460, 461 Inspection of fire escapes.-. 528 Information, advance about plans. 340 Inspection of awning, billboard, canopy. 487 fence, fire escape, stairway, unsafe buildings 487 elevators .487, 498 and condemnation of unsafe buildings. 487 of buildings by Fire Department. Supplement, Sections 1-7 Inspectors, deputy . 333-8-a Inspector, Chief Housing.333-10 Installation of piping. 560 new, or new material (plumbing).568-a of elevators .:. 346 Intersecting walls, height required. 426 Iron, wrought, cast, quality of. 393 Iron-work, structural.Sub-Title IV, Chapter III Iron columns, foundations for. 406 Iron and steel work other than skeleton construc¬ tion . 409 Iron and steel trusses. 411 Isolated’brick piers, maximum heights of. 439 Invalidity of part of code. 573 Index 231 J % Joints in brickwork of'fireplaces and flues Joists, requirements for. Junk shop, when restricted . K Kitchen ranges and gas stoves. L Section 443 443 452 Ladders, contractors’ . 503 protection from corrosion. 414 to roof, to boiler rooms. 529 Lamp house for moving-picture machines.484-d Laundry, when restricted. 452 Latrine-trough water closets not allowed. 566 Leaders, rain water. 559 connected to sewer. 559 water from, not to flow on sidewalk. 559 not to be used as soil, waste or vent. 559 Leaders, inside, material for. 559 roof connections for . 559 outside, materials for. 559 connections for . 559 traps for, where possible for drains. 558 Lead and copper traps . flashing.554- cr 554-g wastes, sizes .554- -cr Length of building, definition of.352-32 Length of walls, how measured.:.426, 429 License for picture machine operator.484-b for plumber . 291 for elevator operator.498-b Light and air....._..Sub-Title VI, Chapter I buildings. 532 cellars . 531 existing rooms in tenement houses. 536 factories and workshops, hotels. 532 stables . 940 toilets of tenements. 537 lodging'houses, tenement houses. 532 Light over exit in theatres. 514 and ventilation in water closets in tenements, hotels and lodging houses. 537 Lighting in tenement houses. 534 in theatres . 476 Lights, warning .675, 676 in in in in in in 232 Index Section Lime, mortar, proportions of.390-1 requirements for. 388 Limitation of permits. 348 of rights. 383 Lintels. • ..„ 437 Live loads . 397 Living rooms in basement ventilated.. 539 floors and walls damp-proofed. 539 in tenement houses, height and size. 540 Loads of building, definition of. 352-33 Loads concentrated .402-b on soils. 400 on masonry . 401 proportionment of. 398 dead . 396 eccentric .398, 407 live .397, 398 wind . 395 Locust, working stresses for. 402 Lodging houses, access to rooms and water closets.. 551 ash and garbage cans for...550-a cellars and light courts whitewashed... 550-550-a cleanliness in .'.550-550-a courts and yards. 538 egress, stairs . 513, 520 kept in good repair. 550 light and ventilation in water closets... .537, 543 Lodging houses, minimum live loads for. 397 over five stories must be fireproof.449-c percentage of lot occupancy. 530 prohibited hazards . 460 stand pipes in. 457 toilet facilities in. 542 water-closet inclosures . 544 water drained away from. 550 Longsweep Lt bends and longsweep T-Y’s per¬ mitted . 561 Lots, grading of. 365 vacant protection of.•.989, 990 Lot occupancy, percentage. 530 Lot line, definition of.352-34 Lumber piles, allowed within fire limits.451—i Index 233 Section M Manufacture of films. 485 Manufacturing buildings, live loads for...397, 398 Machinery, elevator, to be inclosed. 494 Marquise . 382 Masonry, factors of safety for. 399 filling of . 413 mortar for-. 388 quality of . 438 safe loads on . 401 sand for . 387 stone for . 384 thickness of rubble foundations. 432 Material, new or new installation (plumbing) ....568-a quality of (plumbing) . 554 quality of building.Sub-Title IV, Chapter I throwing into streets. 869 storage of inflammable.460, 461 Mechanism of moving-picture machines.484-c Metal protection of in concrete. 420 Metal cans in garages. 481 lath used in fireproof partitions. 442 Metallic ties, number required for brick veneer.... 435 Mill construction, definition of....352-35 Minimum percentage of steel in concrete columns.. 418 Minimum thickness of coursed stone piers and walls . 440 of flat arches . t .. 440 of piers between windows . 439 of reinforced concrete walls. 432 Miscellaneous provisions.Sub-Title VII in codification of ordinance.See Supplement for picture machines.484—i Mixing concrete, manner of.391 Modulus of elasticity, assumptions for in concrete design .417-c ratio of steel to concrete.417-e Moments, method of calculating.,. 419 Monolith construction, thickness of enclosing walls. 424 Mortar, cement, maximum proportion of sand.... 390 definition of .352-36 lime, kind of lime required.38’8, 389 maximum proportion of sand. 390 lime and cement proportions. 390 Mortar, quality of, for concrete block walls. 443 floor arches. 440 foundation walls . 432 234 Index ---- Section Moving permits .344, 349-4 picture machines . 484-a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i' Moving-picture machine operators, Board of Exam¬ iners for .484-b Mufflers, required for gas engines.913-1 N Naptha .. 483 New material or installation (plumbing).568-a Notice, capacity of freight elevators. 489 dance halls . 490 floor capacities . . 488 unsafe buildings . 487 to adjoining owner. 366 Numbering and naming of streets. 1023-1, 1023-2, 1023-3 Numbering of houses.1024, 1025, 1026, 1026-1 Nuisances .973-990, inc. O Oak, column formula for. 404 working stresses for. 402 Obstruction of gutters. 665 of fire plugs.890-1 Occupancy of lot by hotels, tenements and lodg¬ ing houses . ; . 530 Occupancy of buildings.745-1 to 745-12 Office Organization . 338 Office buildings— classification of .•.355-2 live loads for.397, 398 non-fireproof existing elevator inclosures... 492-b prohibited hazards . 160 • stairs inclosed . 518 Officers, city, duty. 569 Offsets allowed when three-inch pipe is used for water closet purposes. 561 in piping allowed only when unavoidable.... 560 to be made at an angle of 45°. 562 Oil storage, fireproof building. 483 when restricted . 452 Old buildings, additions to height of. 434 sewers, when allowed to be used. 556 Opening, definition of.352-37 Openings in fireproof partitions.. 442 in operating rooms for picture machines... 484-g and recesses in walls.428 in walls to have arches or lintels. 437 in streets .*...667 to 674-1 Index 235 Section Operator, elevator.498-b picture machine ..484-a, 484-b Operating room, equipment for.484-h openings in .484-g construction of .484-e, f Organization of office.333-11 Oriels, projection of. 380 Ordinance, general enforcement of. ...Sub-Title VII, Chapter I Ordinary construction.Sub-Title IV, Chapter V Overflow, pipes from fixtures connect on inlet side of traps . 564 to discharge on roof if possible. 567 Outside water closets for tenement houses.546 Overloading buildings . 488 floors with building material. 488 Owner, definition of..352-38 adjoining, responsibility to .. 367 adjoining, access by . 368 adjoining, notice to ..'. 366 P Packing house, when restricted. 452 Packed joint not permitted on sewer side of traps.. 564 Painting structural iron and steel. 414 Parapet walls, anchors for. 437 Partition, definition of .352-39 Partitions, fireproof . 442 stud, when allowed for bearing. 444 Party walls . 422 Payment of fees. 350 Penalties.Sub-Title VII, Chapter II for violations of code.576, 577 law relating to dry cleaning business. 480-1 Pending proceedings . 574 Percentage of lot occupancy. 530 of steel, * minimum required in concVete col¬ umns . 418 Permanent water seal trap, required for— cellar drains . 558 floor drain . 558 use of sidewalk . 375 use of roadway . •175 Permits and fees.Sub-Title I, Chapter II, 340 clerk .333-4 cost of . 349 236 Index Section Permits, for buildings containing power boilers... 342 bill and sign boards. 345, 345-a, 345-b, 345-c, 345-d, 345-e, 345-f changing or altering any building or structure. 341 erecting any building or structure.... 341 guides for derricks. 373 permanently suspended awnings. ...349-11 installation of elevators. 346 plumbing addition. 343 alterations . 343 repairs. 343 power boilers . 342 projection of signs or advertisements.. 345. rescinding permit ...349-9 repairing any' building or structure.... 341 repair permit .349-10 using temporary roadway. 372 sidewalk .372, 341-a Petroleum . 483 Piazzas allowed in fire limits.451-e Picture machine booths . 484, 484-a, 484-b, 484-c, 484-d, 484-e, 484-f, 484-g, 448-h, 484—i operator licensed .484-a, 484-b theatres (exits) . 507 classification of .354-5 wiring for . 484 Piers, bond plates required. 439 minimum thickness of between windows.... 439 material for . 439 maximum height of isolated. 439 Pins, requirements for. 411 Pin connected tension members, net area required.. 411 Pipe, cast iron . 554-a soil, vent and waste, definition of.352-40 vent and sizes. . .554-c, 561, 562 waste and soil and sizes.554-b, 561, 562, 565 wrought or steel.554-d kind of, for leaders. 559 stand .457, 458 Piping, gas and fixtures. 479 installation of . 560 not allowed inside of column fireproofing. .. 441 protection from corrosion. '. 414 recesses around to be filled. 428 safe and refrigerator waste. 564 sizes without reventing. 563 Index 237 Section Placing concrete . 416 Plan examiner and chief clerk, salary of.333-3 assistant, salary of.333-3c Plastering not considered portion of fireproofing for columns and beams.•.. 441 Plate girders, requirements for. 410 Platforms or treads of urinal stalls never con¬ nected independently . 566 Plumbing .Sub-Title VI, Chap. Ill permits ..343, 349-1, 2 inspector, salary and duties.333-9, 335 Plumbers, qualifications to do plumbing. 343 • notice of inspections. 343 Portland mortar, proportions of... . 390-3 Posting capacity of dance halls. 490 of floors . 488 of freight elevators . 489 Posts of stone not allowed. 439 Post, definition of. 352-41 wood not allowed on ground. 443 Power boilers, permits for. 342 Premises, right to enter on. 337 Private property rights.Sub-Title III, Chapter I Pressure wind . 408 Prevention of collapsing of buildings. Sub-Title V, Chap. II Private sewer, when required. 556 where to be located. 556 watchman.967-970, inc. Privy vault and cesspools, location of. 557 requirements for. 557 when permitted . 557 sheds allowed in fire limits.451-d Proceedings, civil . 570 pending . 574 Proscenium wall in theatres. 469 Prohibited hazards .460, 461 projections. 378 Projecting cornices, anchors for. 437 Projection of awnings or canopies. 382 balconies . 380 bases, columns, etc. 379 bays . 380 Projection of oriels. 380 signs . 381 Projections prohibited. 378 238 Index Section Property rights, private.Sub-Title III, Chapter 1 public...Sub-Title III, Chapter II depth of excavation . 364 grading lots .365 Private .. 364 to adjoining owner. 366 Property rooms in theatres. 471 Proportions for concrete, how measured. 391 of sand in mortar. 390 Protection of adjoining skylights and roof. 369 for cellar doors and coal chutes in sidewalk. 377 of vacant lots.989-990 of trees ...958-963 inc. of column covering . 441 from corrosion . 414 of metal in reinforced concrete. .352-19, 420, 440 to workmen . 504 Provisions, miscellaneous .Sub-Title VII sanitary .Sub-Title VI structural ...Sub-Title IV in elevator shafts . 497 Public garages .■.360, 481 sewer connections . 553 Public buildings, classification. 354 property rights.Sub-Title III, Chapter II safeguarding of. 575 Q Quality of materials....Sub-Title IV, Chapter I plumbing materials . 554 t R Radius of gyration, maximum ratio. 404 Rain water leaders, not to be used as soil, waste or vent . 559 Raising permits ...344, 349-4 Ranges, kitchen and gas stoves. 465 Recesses in walls. 428 Rescinding permits .349-9 Record clerk .333-3e Reduction of live loads on columns and girders. . . . 398 Refrigerator and safe waste pipes.554-d, 565 extend above roof in tenement houses.. 565 cleanouts required where offsets occur. 565 discharge over sink in rooms used for living purposes not allowed. 565 material for and size of. 565 connections and traps for. 565 Index 239 Section Refrigerator discharge to be over trapped sink. . . . 565 Y fittings for branches on vertical lines.... 565 Registers . 464 Regulators for elevators. 500 Regulations, safety..Sub-Title V Reinforced concrete arches. 440 assumptions in design. 417 Reinforced concrete, conditions for variations of design . 421 Reinforced concrete, design. 418 forms *. 415 moments for . 419 placing of . 416 protection of metal.352-19, 420 Relief pipe for blowoff tank. 556 Removal of frame buildings.154, 870 Rendering plant, when restricted. 452 Repairs to windows in tenements. 535 Repairs, definition of. 352-42 Repair permit, cost of.349-10 Reports of Commissioner of Buildings. 339 Responsibility of adjoining owner. 367 Restoration of street and sidewalk. 374 Restrictions, block . 452 Retaining walls, thickness of. 432 Reventing to prevent syphonage. 561 when not required. 563 Revocation of permits— bill and sign board. 347 elevator . 347 moving . 347 plumbing . 317 raising . 347 sidewalk . to streets . 3 Rights, property, private.Sub-Title III, Chapter I public .Sub-Title III, Chapter 11 limitations of . 383 Right to enter premises. 337 Rise of arches. 410 in sewer . 555 Riveted beams, allowable flange stress.102-b Riveting, requirements for. 412 Rivets, pitch of. 412 requirements for in trusses. Ill shear on . 402-a unit stresses for . 402 240 Index Section Roadway, depositing material on. 371 permanent use of. 376 restoration of . 374 temporary use of. r . 371 Roofs, loads on.397,-398 adjoining protection of.'.. 369 within the fire limits, incombustible material.451—i Rooms in tenements, access to.;. 551 toilets, ventilation of. 552 Ropes for derricks, use of guide. 373 Rope and scaffold inspector, salary, duties....333-7, 335 Ropes .;... 503 Rubbish, hazardous material . 461 throwing of into streets. 869 Rubble masonry, lime for. 388 safe loads on. 401 sand for. 387 stone for . 384 thickness of in foundations. 432 Runs, horizontal and vertical. 561 S Saddles not permitted. 561 Safe and refrigerator waste pipe. 565 Safe bearing loads on masonry. 401 on soils . /. 400 Safeguarding the public. 575 Safety regulations .Sub-Title V factor of . 399 Salary of Commissioner of Buildings, deputies, etc.332, 333 Sand in garages. 481 quality required . 387 safe bearing load on. 400 Sandstone, working stresses for. 402 Sanitary inspector, duties, salary.333-10, 335 provisions .Sub-Title VI Tee, when required for house drain. 556 Scaffolds, alterations of. 603 inspector of, salary, duties.333-7, 333-11, 335 School buildings— classification of .354-2 lire escapes- on. 522 live loads for. 397 must be fireproof.449-b Index 241 Section School sinks and vaults abolished. 545 Scuttles, painting of... 414 to roof . 529 Seats and aisles in theaters. 509 Semi-fireproof buildings— definition of .352-43 factories 3 to 6 stories. 450 stores 3 to 6 stories.... 450 warehouses 3 to 6 stories. 450 Semi-public buildings, 'classification. 355 Separate plumbing and drainage for each building. 555 Separators for beams and girders. 410 Service pipes must be protected from frost. 567 Sewer and drainage inspector, duties, salary. .333-9, 335 333-11 Sewerage . 555 Sewer, connections . 553 Sewer connections.Supplement Sec. 705-716 inc. for all leaders. 559 to be made as soon as possible. 557 private and house, definition of. 352-44 private, when required. 555 old, when allowed to be used. 556 requirements for . 556 tapping of .705 to 716 inc. Shaft, definition of..352-45 Shafts, drainage of bottom. 453 of elevators, not inclosed. 491 provisions in . 497 alterations to . 502 fireproof door at bottom. 453 in non-fireproof buildings. 453 Sheds allowed within the fire limits.451-d Sheds, classification of or definition of. 361 foundations for . 432 Shoring permits .344, 349-4 Short roof increasers not permitted. 561 T and Y branches permitted on vertical lines only . 561 Shutters, fireproof, painting of. 414 Siamese steamer connection. 457 Sidewalk, application for use of. 372 cellar door . 377 coal chute . 377 extending of awnings and canopies across.. 382 excavation of .341-a elevators.•• 495 242 Index Section Sidewalk, glass permanent. 375 leaders not to flow on. 559 live loads for. 397 permanent use of.. 375 protection to the public. 370 restoration of. 372 . shall maintain, whenever deempd proper. 370 temporary roof . 370 use of . 370 width of . 370 water from leaders not to flow upon. 559 Signs and billboards.345, 455, 349-7, 349-8 projection of . 381 Sinks, when reventing, not necessary. 563 Size of, buildings increased, hotels, tenements, lodg¬ ing houses . 530 cleanouts .. 554-f house sewer. 556 lead wastes .554-g traps . 564 vent pipes . 562 waste pipes without reventing. 563 Size and height of living rooms, in tenement houses. 540 and weights of ferrules. 554-e Skeleton steel construction, bases for columns.... 406 connections to columns riveted. 405 girders bolted. 405 covering of structural steel.423, 441 foundation for columns.'.... 406 framing of . 407 thickness of walls. 423 wind pressure on. 408 Skewbacks . 441 Skylight over elevator inclosures. 493 protection of adjoining. 369 over film factory . 485 over stage in theatres. 472 Slabs, bearing required on walls. 419 Slabs, design of .418-419 protection of metal in. 420 Slag concrete for arches. 440 . Slipjoints not permitted on sewer side of traps.... 564 Slow-burning construction, definition of.352-46 Smoking, no, in garages. 481 Soap factory, when restricted... 452 INDEX 243 Section Soil and waste pipes.554-b, 561, 562 sizes. 561 not to be used as leader. 559 Soils, safe load on. 400 Space, sidewalk, permanent use of. 375 temporary use of.,. 370 Solicitor, suits by. 571 Spandrel girders . 407 Special fireproofing in'theatres, . 474 Spiral hooped columns, design of. 418 Spirit gas . 483 Splices for cast iron columns. 409 steel columns. 407 Spruce, working stresses for.402-404 Stables, foundations for. 432 live loads for. 397 classification of .•. 359 prohibiting erection of.. .1027-1, 1027-2 lights in . 940 stage hands .470-1 Stage fire extinguishing apparatus for. 459 Stairs and exits..Sub-Title V, Chap. IV Stairs and elevators in stores in one inclosure.518 existing to be inclosed. 519 in hotels and lodging houses. 520 in tenement houses . 521 in theatres .....' . 511 hand rail for. 513 in factories . 518 in workshops . 518 in stores. 518 in hotels . 518 in office buildings. 518 inspection of . 487 live loads for. 397 Stair inclosures in theatres. 51:1 landings in theatres. 513 Stand pipes .457, 458 Stands allowed within the fire limits.451 — b Steam pipe, not to be connected to house drain.... 556 Steam pipes for dry cleaning buildings. 457 space around same in floors*.. 464 Steel, column formula. 404 factor of safety . 399 protection from corrosion. 414 quality required .393, 402-b trusses . 411 244 Index Section skeleton construction . 405 columns, foundations for. 406 Steel and iron work other than skeleton construc¬ tion ... 409 Steel or wrought piping. 554-d Stenographer, salary, duties.333-3e, 333-5, 333-11, 333-5a Stiffeners, requirements for. 410 Stirrups in reinforced concrete. 418 protection required .352-19, 420 Stone, factor of safety. 399 quality of . 384 plinths . 409 posts not allowed. 439 walls, thickness of . 431 working stresses for .•. 402 in streets . 941 Stops, hre . 445 Storage of benzine, burning fluid, camphine. 483 carbon oil, coal oil, gasoline, naptha, oil. 483 petroleum, spirit gas, turpentine. 483 films ., . .; 485 Storage and handling of volatile substances. 482 Stores, classification of. 355-3 •egress, stairs .515, 517 elevators and stairs in one inclosure. 518 existing, elevator inclosures in.492-b exit, sign in.518, 519 fire escapes . 517 fireproof doors and windows in. 456 fire walls in. 467 live loads for. 397 must be fireproof.449-d toilet facilities in. 541 Storm doors.942, 943, 944, 945 Stoves, gas and kitchen ranges. 465 Strain, diagrams for trusses required. 394 Strainers required for all fixtures except water closets . 564 Strength, working, of concrete. 403- Stresses, unit for columns.404 calculation of.Sub-Title IV, Chapter II Stresses allowed on various building materials.... 402 Streets, littering, etc.941, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950 posting cards, etc. 951 obstruction of . 952 restoration of . 374 openings in .667 to 674-1 Index 245 Section Structural iron columns, foundations for. 406 Structural provisions .Sub-Title IV iron and steel work... Sub-Title IV, Chapter III Stud partitions, used as bearings.. 444 to have fire stops. 445 Supports, strength of, temporary. 398 Sub-drains, to discharge into sump of receiving tank . requirements for . Sub-Departments.Supplement, Section Suits by City Solicitor. Summerpiece . Supplies . Supplies, water . Swinging gas brackets. 558 558 226 571 466 567 549 479 T Tables, explanation of, for wall thickness... 425 Tanks for volatile substances.482-3 material for .. 567 protection from corrosion. 414 Tanks to be covered.’. 567 Tannery, when restricted. 452 Tapping of Sewers.705 to 716 inc. Temporary use of sidewalk. 370 use of roadway. 371 buildings within fire limits. 451-a-b Temporary support, strength of. 398 water closet during building construction.... 548 Tenement houses, access to room and water closets, 551 ash and garbage cans for.550-a cellars and courts whitewashed.550, 550-a Tenement houses, cleanliness in. 550 definition or classification. 357 existing elevator inclosures.492-b fire escapes for.524, 525 fire walls in. 467 height and size of living rooms. 540 hotels and lodging houses, light and ventila¬ tion . , . 532 kept in good repair. 550 lighting of . 534 lighting water closets in. 543 light and air in existing rooms. 536 light and ventilation in water closets....... 537 live loads for. 397 246 Index - Section Tenement houses, must be kept clean. 550 outside water-closets for. 546 over live stories high, fireproof.449-c prohibited hazards . 460 sinks . 549 stairs . 520 * stairs, egress. 515 toilet facilities in. 543 water-closet inclosures in. 544 water drained from. 550 water supply in .. 549 windows kept in good repair. 535 window sizes or areas. 533 yards and courts. 538 Tensile strength of concrete, not considered.417-d Tents allowed within the lire limits.451-b Tests, plumbing . 568 for materials and installations not covered by the code .568-a on cast columns. 409 on material, when required. 399 on soil, when required. 399 on structural portions of the building. 404 to be made when design is not covered by code . 421 Theatres, automatic sprinklers in. 458 classification of .354-4 curtain in.. \ . 470 diagram showing exits.*. 514 dressing rooms in.\ 475 egress . * . 508 exits . 510 exit display in . 514 exit light (gas) . 514 fire escapes on . 522 fire hose in . 458 fireproof.449-e fly galleries in. 473 licensing of.799, 798, 798-1 to 5 inc. lighting in . 476 live loads for. *. ? . 397 local hazards in. 462 picture machine .354-5 picture machine (exits). 507 proscenium wall in. 469 prohibited hazards . 460 property rooms in. 471 Index 247 Section Theatres, registers in floor of, prohibited. 462 seats and aisles. 509 skylight over stage. 472 special fireproofing . 474 stairs in . 511 stair inclosnres in. 512 landings in . 513 stand pipes in. 458 Thickness of concrete protection.352-19, 420 concrete block walls. 433 division bearing walls.. . 427 inclosing walls of monolith construction.... 424 skeleton construction . 423 of foundation walls . 432 of stone walls . j . 431 metal in cast iron columns. 409 veneer not considered. 435 walls of dwelling house class. 424 of excessive height. 430 having openings and recesses. 428 of warehouse class. 424 walls...422, 430 when wood furring is used. 445 when increasing height of old buildings, 434 Throwing materials and rubbish into streets from buildings . 869 Thrust in roof rafters. 448 Tile arches . 440 partitions, maximum height of. 442 hollow, cpiality of.386-a Timbers, factor of safety. 399 quality required . 392 working stresses for. 402 Time limit of permits. 348 Title examiner and clerk. 339-4 Toilet facilities and cleanliness in buildings. Sub-Title VI, Chap. IT in hotels and lodging houses. 542 in stores, factories and workshops. 541 in tenements . 543 temporary in new buildings. 548 Toilet rooms, ventilation of. 552 light in . 537 Ton, definition of.352-47 Trap doors for elevators. 491 248 Index Section Traps . 564 brass trap screws required for cleaning trap. 564 discharge from any fixture not to pass through more than one trap before reach¬ ing house drain . 564 earthenware, method of venting. 562 every fixture separately trapped. 564 house . 553 kind required . . .. 564 for leaders so placed as to prevent freezing. 559 lead and bends.554-g number of served by different sizes of pipe.. 563 no trap to be placed at foot of soil or waste lines . 564 protected from syphonage and back pressure. . 562 required for drains for areas, courts and yards . 558 cellar drains . 558 floor drains . 558 leaders . 559 sinks and washstands without reventing, 563 sizes of . 564 ventilating . 553 Trees, protection of.958 to 963 Trimmer arches . 466 Trusses, steel and iron. 411 wood . 447 Turpentine . 483 Turnbuckles in reinforcement . 419 U Unit stresses for compression members in pin con¬ nected trusses . 411 for concrete .417-e Unit stresses , for reduction of, for long concrete columns .,. 418 for columns . 404 for various materials. 402 Unsafe buildings, inspection and condemnation of. 487 docket . 487 Urinals, reventing not required. 563 Urinals, requirements for. 566 Index 249 Section Use of sidewalk, temporary. 370 roadway, temporary. 371 guide ropes, for derricks. 373 sidewalk space, permanent. % . 375 roadway space, permanent. % . 376 V Vacation ordinance . ..r.745-1 to ,745-12 Vacant lots, protection of. 989-990 Vapor pipe required for blow-off tank. 556 Vaults, abolished . 545 privy, cesspools, when permitted. 557 to be filled when sewer connection is made.. 557 Veneer, definition of. 352-48 Veneered buildings .435, 436 Vent pipes, connections, materials, sizes.554-c, 562 not to be used as a leader. 559 serving small fixtures. 563 Ventilating traps . 553 Ventilation of toilet rooms. 552 required where leader is connected to drain. 560 Verification of cost. 351 Vertical runs of soil and waste pipes, diameters of. 561 Vestibule doors, projection of.942, 943, 944, 945 Violations of the code.576-577 law relating to dry cleaning.480-1 Vitrified clay blocks, maximum height of walls of . 425, 442 quality of .386-b. thickness of, curtain and apron walls..422 in foundations . 432 Volatile, inflammable liquid, definition of.352-49 substances, storage and handling of.482, 483 W Waiters, dumb . 496 Walls, anchors for . 437 braced at ends when they have no intersect¬ ing walls . 426 brick externals, division bearing. 422 within the fire limits.451-i concrete foundation, minimum thickness of.. 432 definition of various kinds.352-50 exterior, incombustile material, within fire limits .451-i fire . 467 length of .426, 42f 250 Index Section Waifs in buildings of monolith and skeleton con¬ struction ... .. ... 423 minimum reinforcement in concrete. 418 minimum thickness of for stories 15 feet high and over.430 proscenium in theatres... 469 thickness of, when wood furring is used.... 445 thickness, tables of. 425 thickness of ..422, 430 thickness and height of division. 427 recesses and openings in. 428 Warehouses, classification of. 355-4 live loads for.397, 398 fireproof doors and windows in..... 456 fire walls in. 467 Warning lights .675, 676 Washers for field bolts of trusses. 411 Wash trays of wood, not permitted. 566 cement, freestone, artificial stone not per¬ mitted unless impervious. 566 Washstands, reventing not necessary. 563 Waste and soil pipes.554-b, 561, 562 sizes. 561 not to be used as leader. 559 Waste paper and rubbish. 461 Waste pipes, lead sizes....554-g, 565 Watchmen, private . 967 Water-closets, anti-freezing design.544, 545 floors waterproof, except in private dwell¬ ings . 547 inclosures in existing tenement houses, hotels and lodging houses. 544 lighted at night in hotels, lodging houses and tenement houses . 543 outside, for tenement houses. 546 requirements for . 566 supplies .549, 567 temporary in new buildings. 548 Wearing surface of concrete slab. 419 - Weeds .-.968, 969, 970 Weights and sizes of ferrules. 554-e Wells .468-a, b definition of . : • *.352-51 Wharf houses, allowed within the fire limits.... .451-h When stories exceed a certain height—wall thick- k ness . 430 |j T hite pine, column formula.• ••• 404 working stresses for. 402