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 A STATEMENT 
 
 SUNDAY QUESTION, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 I. The civil and religious Relations of the Christian Sunday. 
 II. Necessity for the Amendment of the Law. 
 III. Extent and Evils of Sunday Trading. 
 IV. EiForts of Tradesmen themselves to get the Law amended. 
 V. Principles of the Bill of the Sunday Rest Central Com- 
 mittee of London Tradesmen. 
 VI. Progress of the Question and the Action of the Rural 
 
 Deaneries upon it. 
 VII. Reasons why all Classes should support the Bill. 
 VIII. Union of Societies necessary to its success. 
 IX. Sunday Movement on the Continent. 
 X. Sunday Movement in America. 
 XI. Conclusion. 
 XII. Gifts to the Association. 
 
 XIII. Finances. 
 
 XIV. Balance Sheet. 
 
 XV. List of Subscribers and Donors. 
 
 Ilegorf of % Committo 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SUNDAY REST ASSOCIATION, 
 
 1863. 
 
 Office, 8, Parliament Street, London, S.W.
 
 LONDON : 
 GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, 
 
 ST. John's square.
 
 Patron. 
 
 His Grace the ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. 
 
 Presidents. 
 
 The Right Hon. and Right Rev. the LORD BISHOP OF LONDON. 
 The Right Rev. the LORD BISHOP OF WINCHESTER. 
 
 Vice-Presidents. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Marlborough. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Lord Ebury. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Lord Chelmsford. 
 
 The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of St. Asaph. 
 
 The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Lincoln. 
 
 The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Llandaff. 
 
 The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Rochester. 
 
 The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Worcester. 
 
 Lord Claude Hamilton, M.P. 
 
 Sir Brook W. Bridges, Bart., M.P. 
 
 Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Bart. 
 
 General Sir William Gomm, G.C.B. 
 
 Lieut.-General Sir George Pollock, G.C.B. 
 
 John Taverner Miller, Esq., M.P. 
 
 The Archdeacons of London, Middlesex, Westminster, and Surrey. 
 
 Treasurer.— John Labouchere, Esq. 
 
 Committee. 
 
 clergymen. 
 
 LAYMEN. 
 
 The Rev. W. Cadman. 
 
 Robert Baxter, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. W. W. Champneys. 
 
 Alderman Sir R. W. Garden 
 
 The Rev. John Back. 
 
 John Corderoy, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. Thos. Dale. 
 
 William Cotton, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. C. B. Dalton. 
 
 Robert Few, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. J. Evans. 
 
 John Fisher, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. T. Simpson Evans. 
 
 W. R. Gritten, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. C. J. P. Eyre. 
 
 Henry Hoare, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. W. Hinson. 
 
 John Labouchere, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. J. E. Kempe. 
 
 John Lavies, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. Charlton Lane. 
 
 J. J. Miles, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. J. W. Laughlin. 
 
 George Miller, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. J. Lingham. 
 
 Dr. Monro. 
 
 The Rev. W. D. Maclagan. 
 
 R. Stuart Poole, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. R. Maguire. 
 
 William Rivington, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. J. Patteson. 
 
 Mr. Alderman Rose. 
 
 The Rev. A. W. Thorold. 
 
 Charles Sumner, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. J. Trevitt. 
 
 Thomas Turner, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. W. Webster. 
 
 A. J. Vieweg, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Wordsworth. 
 
 Thomas Webster, Esq. 
 
 Secretary, — The Rev. Alfred Jones. 
 
 Bankers. 
 
 West End, Herries, Farquhar, & Co., 1 Cily, Williams, Deacon, & Co., 
 16, St. James's-street. j '20, Birchin-lane. 
 
 Office of the Association, 
 
 No. 8, Parliament Street, Westminster. 
 
 A 2
 
 Sunday Rest Central Committee of London Tradesmen. 
 
 C. H. Page, Chairman, Ironmonger, 1, Bridge-street, Lambeth. 
 
 Mr. Aked, Teadealer, Pitfield-street, Hoxton. 
 
 ,, Ball, Chemist, 77, St. George's-road, Southwark. 
 
 ,, Bai-rett, Greengrocer, 39, Frith-street, Soho. 
 
 „ Beechim, Clare-street, Clare Market. 
 
 „ Calcutt, Butcher, 2, Queen-street, Westminster. 
 
 „ Cleury, Fishmonger, 28, "Upper George-street, Portman-square. 
 
 ,, Day, Old Ford, Bethnal-green. 
 
 ,, Fairbank, Grocer and Oilman, Theberton-street, Islington. 
 
 ,, Gare, Butterman, Finsbury. 
 
 „ Gilson, Fishmonger, Haymarket. 
 
 „ Grammar, Lambeth. 
 
 ,, Grove, Clothier, New Cut. 
 
 ,, Hawkins, jun.. Ironmonger, London-road, Southwark. 
 
 ,, Hedgcock, Ironmonger, 15, Little Compton-street, Soho. 
 
 ,, Hooker, Bootmaker, 121, Church-street, Bethnal-green. 
 
 ,, Housego, Butcher, 4, Broadway, Westminster. 
 
 „ Hunt, Butcher, 64, New Cut. 
 
 „ James, Pork Butcher, 4, Oxford-place, Hackne)'-road. 
 
 ,, Joy, Mount-row, Lambeth. 
 
 „ Paull, Corn Merchant, 90, St. George's-road, Southwark. 
 
 ,, Purssey, Lambeth-terrace, Lambeth. 
 
 „ Smith, Butcher, 71, Cornwall-road, Lambeth. 
 
 ,, Trewby, Hosier, 136, Waterloo-road, Lambeth. 
 
 ,, Valentine, Shoemaker, 200, Upper-street, Islington. 
 
 ,, Vieweg, 82, Wood-street, City. 
 
 „ Woods, Clare-street, Clare Market. 
 
 Secretary, the Rev. Alfred Jones. 

 
 STATEMENT 
 
 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
 
 I. Civil and Religious Relations of the Sunday. 
 
 The distinctive object for which this Association was estabhshed 
 five years ago, was to gain for the Metropolitan Tradesmen and 
 their Assistants the free enjoyment of the Sunday Rest, and 
 therefore it was called the Metropolitan Sunday Rest Asso- 
 ciation. The /oca ^ character of the Society, however, constituted 
 its weakness, and therefore, to secure the sympathy of the 
 country generally, it adopted in 1862 its present name, with the 
 desire to extend to all men that which nature requires and God 
 has mercifully given — a weekly Day of Rest. 
 
 Rut although its sympathies are universal, yet its immediate 
 work now is, the suppression of Sunday Trading in England and 
 Wales, by the amendment of the Law relating to Trading on the 
 Lord's Day. A question, therefore, of civil liberty/. Your Com- 
 mittee distinctly believe the religious obligation to observe the 
 Lord's Day as a day especially devoted to the worship of God ; yet 
 in this matter they take their stand on civil ground. They do not 
 seek to make people religious by Act of Parliament, but they do 
 seek to secure by Act of Parliament the just right of every man 
 to rest on the national Rest-day, without being deprived of his 
 trade and living by a minority, who, in spite of every remon- 
 strance, perseveringly defy the law ; for it is as fairly the province 
 of human law to defend that day from the exactions of work, 
 and to do justice to men observing it, as it is to prevent any 
 other fundamental wrong to individuals or society. Many per-
 
 b STATEMENT 
 
 sons, however, will not allow this to be true, because legislation 
 cannot, in their idea, be separated from the religious observance 
 of the day, and therefore would interfere with the rights of con- 
 science. But to say, that because the Lord's Day, commonly 
 called Sunday, is sanctified by Christians as a season of religious 
 rest and worship, therefore trading and toil and dissipation 
 cannot be prohibited by law without interfering with the rights 
 of conscience, and seeking to make people religious by Act of 
 Parliament, would be as absurd as to say, that because marriage 
 is a religious institution, therefore the Legislature cannot erect 
 legal guards ai-ound it without interfering with the rights of 
 conscience; or, to say, that because the Decalogue says "Thou 
 shalt not steal,'' there can be no statutory provisions securing 
 the rights of property without infringing the liberty of the 
 subject, would be equally absurd. 
 
 As a civil and political institution, the establishment and 
 regulation of the Sunday is within the just power of the civil 
 government, and therefore that power which alone made it a 
 Dies non, a non-trading day, a non-legal day, alone can make 
 the existing laws effective to put down Sunday Trading. Nor does 
 it detract from the moral or legal sanction of a statute because 
 it is conformable to the law of God as recognized by the great 
 majority of the people, but the very opposite. Therefore, as the 
 Christian Sunday is a civil institution of this country, to which 
 the business and duties of life are by the common law of the 
 land made to confer 31 and adapt themselves, it is no violation of 
 the rights of conscience that the Sunday, the people's Kest-day, 
 which has been enjoyed from time immemorial, sanctioned by 
 common law and recognized by the constitution, should be pro- 
 tected by the Legislature by wise, efficient, and wholesome la\>s. 
 
 The mistaken idea that the religious observance of the Sunday 
 was sought to be constrained by law, has proved the great 
 obstacle to successful legislation. But we are not singular in 
 this respect. The same misapprehension of the subject operated 
 adversely to this question across the Atlantic, until it was under- 
 taken by a committee of laymen of New York, whose judicious 
 and energetic labours have divested it of its complications by 
 advocating it on its own merits, without involving any religious 
 question whatever. And so exactly parallel are the circumstances 
 of London and New York, that we can adopt the words of 
 the First Annual Report of the New York Sabbath Committep,
 
 AND FIFTH AMNUAlj REPORT. 7 
 
 1 SnQ, by merely altering the tense of the verb from the perfect 
 to the present. " Availing themselves of some indiscretions on 
 the part of Sabbath reformers in other days, and of the legiti- 
 mate jealousy of all invasions of the rights of conscience, the 
 enemies of the Sabbath liave^ for a generation, paralyzed at once 
 the arm of the law and the manliness of the public in this 
 regard ; so that outrages and nuisances as illegal as intolerable 
 on any day have come to enjoy special immunity on the Lord''s 
 Day, lest the attempt to abate and punish them should be 
 decried as the prompting of ' ascetic Puritanism,"' or identified 
 with ' Church and State priestcraft ! ' It may be hoped that the 
 day of this unworthy ruse has passed. The simple distinction 
 between the civil and religious relations of the Sabbath, — the 
 former, as a sanitary, economical, and beneficent institution, 
 necessary to the being and well-being of civilized society, 
 guarded from the invasion of selfishness and disorder by human 
 laws ; the latter, with its divine sanctions, binding the con- 
 science to its sacred observance in the measure in which religious 
 obligations are recognized, but asking nothing of the magistracy 
 beyond unrestricted ' freedom to worship God,' would seem to 
 relieve the whole question of Sunday laws from embarrassment. 
 No one thinks of demanding that the religious observance of the 
 Sabbath shall be constrained by law ; that must be left solely to 
 the enlightened conscience, and to the promptings of the reason 
 and affections. But free citizens may and do claim that they 
 shall not be molested by the godless and profane in their 
 churches or their homes, while exercising their rights as citizens 
 and as worshippers ; and that protection shall be extended to all 
 who choose to enjoy their rest on the day of rest. So far the 
 law may go without trenching on any thing more sacred than 
 selfishness and sin. And the public voice will sustain the 
 administrators of law in interposing its strong arm for the 
 restraint of all flagrant invasions of the inherent and inalienable 
 right of man to a weekly season of repose and worship \" 
 
 The Corresponding Secretary of the New York Sabbath 
 Committee refers to the same subject in his letter to your 
 Secretary. — " Your note and documents reveal the pinch in your 
 Sunday movements. Your Legislature and people have come 
 
 ^ First Annual Report of the Sabbath Committee of New York, America, 
 1859.
 
 b STATEMENT 
 
 to confound the civil with the religious relations of the Sabbath, 
 just as ours did, until unmistakable issues were made, involving 
 no religious question whatever, and pressing them on their own 
 merits. Our course is clear now, and I see nothing to prevent 
 the accomplishment of all that lies within the province of the 
 civil authorities for the protection of Sunday order and morals, 
 with nearly universal popular approval. Then there will remain 
 a great work for the sanctification of the Lord's Day within the 
 Church, and as a matter of sacred obligation. Can you not re- 
 lieve this question from its complications, and get from Caesar 
 all that Caesar has a right to give, and then claim for God what 
 He demands * ? " 
 
 Now to free this question from its complications in its civil 
 and religious aspects, has been one of the chief efforts of your 
 Committee, believing that it can be fought successfully in the 
 House of Commons, only on the ground of civil liberty, justice, 
 and humanity. But here they wish it to be distinctly under- 
 stood, that, although they prosecute this question as citizens, 
 they do not compromise themselves as Christians. As Chris- 
 tians they need no legislative enactment to secure to them the 
 Lord''s Day for rest and worship — that Blessed Day " of rest 
 and gladness, of joy and light,'" is safe in the care of Christ and 
 His sincere followers ; nor do they ask the Legislature to con- 
 strain the religious observance of that Holy Day by law ; no, 
 that must be left to the enlightened conscience ; but they do 
 ask, that justice shall be done to good citizens who wish to rest 
 on the Day of Rest; that the despotism of capital shall not 
 invade the rights of the people to a season of rest and worship — 
 in fine, they ask, that the people s Best-day, when labour may wipe 
 off its grime and breathe more freely after a week's exhaustion, 
 and when care shall relax its hold on the frame and the heart, 
 shall be secured to all by wise, and wholesome, and efficient 
 laws. 
 
 II. Necessity for the Amendment of the Law. 
 
 The Act of the 29th of Charles H., entitled "An Act 
 for the better Observation of the Lord's Day, commonly 
 called Sunday,'"'' passed two hundred years ago, although it 
 is based on the principle of the Christian faith, which is the 
 
 ' Letter from the Rev. R. S. Cook, Corresponding Secretary of the New 
 York Sabbath Committee, Dec. 30, 1862. See also p. 39.
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 9 
 
 fundamental principle of the constitution, and recognizes the 
 Lord's Day as a day to be devoted to the worship of Almighty 
 God ; yet it is so defective in its provisions relating to Sunday 
 Trading, that persons despise it and openly break it. Mr. 
 Chambers, the Magistrate of Union Hall, said before the Select 
 Committee of the House of Commons, 1832, on the defective 
 state of Sunday laws, " They are defective in the mode of 
 recovering penalties ; besides that the penalties are not worth 
 recovering, and every time a magistrate attempts to enforce the 
 law he will be liable to an action to which he has no legal 
 defence. For the distress warrant, after a conviction, is to issue 
 against the goods so exposed to sale, which could not be iden- 
 tified, as, for instance, in the case of a butcher when the meat is 
 consumed ; even in a search warrant against a receiver of stolen 
 goods, if you take what is not identified, an action can be main- 
 tained with success." " Therefore it is not possible," says the 
 Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons in 
 1847, "under the present law, to give that protection to the 
 Tradesmen observing it which they require. The fine at present 
 imposed, 5s., can only be levied for one offence ; and the courts 
 of law have held that those things can only appear in evidence 
 as showed forth for sale which the witness can prove to have 
 been actually sold. By this decision the keeping open of a shop 
 for the purpose of sale is no offence against the statute. The 
 magistrates have also refused in some places to grant warrants 
 except as against the identical article actually sold ; and con- 
 sequently, when this has been the case, attempts which have 
 been made to enforce the law have been rendered abortive." 
 Add to this the difficulty of putting even this law in motion, 
 since men do not like to summon their neighbours, nor to hire 
 common informers, and it is easy to see that injustice is done to 
 Tradesmen who yield obedience to law. Unless, therefore, 
 something is done, competition may drive them to engage in 
 Sunday Trading until the Sunday itself is obliterated, and all 
 protection of the rights of the labouring classes to a season of 
 rest is swept away ; and if the Christian Sunday is lost, it can 
 never be restored, and all is lost '. 
 
 3 The correspondent of the New York Daily Times thus aUudes to one of 
 the striking addresses at the Washington Meeting : 
 
 " The veteran Gen. Casey responded to an invitation for his testimony. 
 ' I have been thirty-six years in the military service of my country,' said he,
 
 1 STATEMENT 
 
 III. Extent and Evils of Sunday Trading. 
 
 The unsatisfactory state of Sunday laws has given birth 
 to evils of no ordinary magnitude in all the large towns of 
 England, and of Scotland also ; but more especially in London, 
 where there are more than 20,000 shops open for business 
 on a Sunday morning. Sunday fairs and Sunday markets are 
 in full swing in many parts of London just as a few stragglers 
 in the neighbou7'hood are on their way to church. Indeed, 
 the dense mobs of people around the churches in some of these 
 localities effectually prevent people from going to them ; and 
 thus the lawless and profane, under the fostering care of defective 
 laws, frustrate the end for which the churches and schools were 
 built. Take, for instance, All Saints, New Cut. Until half-past 
 twelve o'clock of a Sunday morning the whole thoroughfare oppo- 
 site the church, leading from Westminster-road to the Waterloo- 
 road, is densely thronged with people, while the obstruction on 
 the pavement is so great as to render it extremely difficult to get 
 from one road to the other. If a shop is closed the front is occu- 
 pied by stalls, which are continued, with slight intermissions, along 
 the whole length of the street. The noise is excessive, and the 
 language of the sellers is not only coarse, but in many instances 
 positively blasphemous ; and nothing will induce the respectable 
 tradespeople to expose their own families to the ordeal of making 
 their way to the church assigned to their district, though the 
 distance, perhaps, may not be above one hundred yards from 
 their own doors. And the Incumbent of the district writes : 
 " The religious character of the Lord's Day has, I fear, been 
 altogether obliterated from the recognition of the great majority 
 of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood. And as long as the 
 present state of things is allowed to remain, nothing short of 
 miraculous interference could avail to restore it. The instruc- 
 
 ' and I know that the army needs a Sabbath. I was five years in the Florida 
 war. In long marches, better time will be made, and the men will go 
 through in better condition by resting on the Sabbath, than by continuous 
 marching. No prudent general will plan for a Sunday battle. I would 
 appeal to the American people to save our Sabbath. If our wealth should 
 be lost in this terrible war, it may be recovered. If our young men are killed 
 off, others will grow up and take their places : but if our American Sab- 
 bath IS LOST, IT CAN NEVER BE RESTORED, AND ALL IS LOST.' The audieiice 
 
 was affected to tears by these sententious words from the gray-headed 
 warrior." Doc. No. XXIV. Sab, Com., New York.
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 11 
 
 tion imparted in our schools will weigh like a feather in the scale 
 towards the mitigation of this terrible evil.'" 
 
 A similar state of things exists in Leather-lane, near to 
 St. Peter'^s, Saffron-hill. About 4,000 persons are congregated 
 in the market of a Sunday morning, and every trade (except 
 public-houses) which ministers to the wants of the appetite or 
 person, as butchers, bakers, drapers, clothiers, grocers, iron- 
 mongers, cheesemongers, tobacconists, and newsvendors, are all 
 open to a late hour on Sunday morning, and some of them all 
 day. There are 400 children in the day schools and 600 on 
 Sunday, but the efforts of the clergyman and those who work 
 with him are neutralized by the demoralizing effects of Sunday 
 Trading. 
 
 In Whitecross-street, near St. Luke's church, about 6,000 
 persons are engaged at one time buying and selling whatever' 
 may be bought and sold ; and the state of things in the Jews'* 
 Mart, Houndsditch, Petticoat-lane, and various other parts of 
 London, are a disgrace to any civilized country. Club-row, 
 Sclater-street, and Anchor-street, in Bethnal Green, on Sunday 
 mornings, are infested with a mob collected from all parts of 
 London and the suburbs, buying and selling birds, birdcages, 
 mice, rats, cats, squirrels, dogs, fowls, and goats. The nuisance 
 created by several thousands of such characters to the decent 
 portion of the inhabitants may easily be imagined. And, more- 
 over, barrows and stalls obstruct and annoy those who are on 
 their way to Divine Service in the churches ; and the complaints 
 of the decent shopkeepers are frequent, and often loud, that, 
 though taxed so heavily, they are yet unprotected by the law. 
 
 IV. Efforts of Tradesmen themselves to get the Law amended. 
 
 For nearly half a century Tradesmen have been trying to 
 secure to themselves, their families, and their assistants, their 
 civil, social, and religious right to rest on " the Day of Rest f 
 and, unaided by the Legislature, or the execution of the law of 
 public order and morals, they have in countless instances mu- 
 tually agreed to close, but they have been invariably defeated 
 and unsuccessful by the faithlessness of one or two of the con- 
 tracting parties. 
 
 They have also appealed* to both Houses of Parliament, 
 
 * The following appeal from an individual Tradesman was circulated
 
 1 2 STATEMENT 
 
 praying for the intervention of the Legislature to protect the 
 right of every good citizen to the free enjoyment of a weekly 
 Day of Rest and worship, but hitherto in vain. Great efforts 
 have been made in Birmingham, JNIanchester, Salfoi'd, Bristol, 
 and Leeds, by those most affected, to stop Sunday Trading, but 
 without permanent success : for, as the Chief Constable of Leeds 
 
 among the members of the House of Lords when the last Bill for the amend- 
 ment of the Sunday laws was before that House : — 
 
 " 106, New Cut, Lambeth, 
 May 1, 1860. 
 
 " My Lord, — I trust your Lordship will pardon the liberty I take in 
 addressing you for the purpose of soliciting the favour of your Lordship's 
 kind aid and support to the Bill now before Parliament in reference to Sunday 
 Trading. 
 
 " Permit me, my Lord, to state that I have carried on the business of 
 a Butcher in this locality for the last ten years, and have a wife and nine 
 children entirely dependent on me for support. 
 
 " As nearly all the shops are open on Sunday, I am compelled to do the 
 same. Were I to close whilst others are open, in all probability my business 
 (in a neighbourhood like this) would be reduced one-half, and my family 
 might be ruined. 
 
 " I find, however, that the system subjects me and my dependants to 
 much unnecessary toil and degradation, and entirely prevents my giving that 
 attention to the duties and responsibilities which I am sure your Lordship 
 will feel devolves upon one having the care of so large a family. 
 
 " We are generally in business eighteen hours on Saturday, and from seven 
 o'clock up to dinner time on Sunday, and I hardly need assure your Lord- 
 ship that the whole of the afternoon and evening of Sunday is scarcely suflS- 
 cient to recruit our exhausted energies. 
 
 " Many attempts have been made by the tradesmen themselves to close 
 their shops by voluntary arrangement, but a very small minority have in- 
 variably defeated the object, and it is clear that nothing short of a legal 
 enactment will cui-e the evil. 
 
 " There cannot, my Lord, be a shadow of doubt that not only the Trades- 
 men and their assistants, but the Labouring Classes would be greatly bene- 
 fited by confining Sunda}^ Trading as much as possible to articles that are 
 perishable, or those absolutely needed by the public on that day. 
 
 " Again apologizing for the liberty I have taken in thus addressing j'ou, I 
 beg most respectfully and urgently to entreat your Lordship's serious con- 
 sideration of the subject, and your Lordship's powerful support to the Bill 
 now before your Lordship's house. 
 
 " I have the honour to remain, 
 
 *' Your Lordship's most obedient Servant, 
 
 "Alfred Rudman."
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. J 3 
 
 reports to your Committee, " I have no doubt the bills I posted 
 did in some measure suppress Sunday 'i'rading ; yet it cannot be 
 expected to be altogether prevented until some change takes 
 place in the Act of Parliament." In London the Tradesmen have 
 subscribed large sums of money to the Tradesmen's Protection 
 Society, one principal object of which is the abolition of Sunday 
 Labour, The masters and journeymen of the Fish, Ice, and 
 Poultry Trades have formed themselves into an association for 
 the entire abolition of Sunday Labour ; and they say in their 
 Report, that inasmuch as there is no fish or poultry markets on 
 Sunday, the articles sold would be as good delivered on Saturday 
 as Sunday. And two years ago the Sunday Rest Central 
 Committee of London Tradesmen was formed by your Secre- 
 tary, of Delegates from all the large parishes of the Metropolis, 
 for the express purpose of petitioning Parliament for reHef ; and 
 your Committee trust that their effort will be crowned with 
 success, for they take their stand in a just and righteous cause, 
 with a sound and judicious Bill. 
 
 V. Principles of the Bill of the Sunday Rest Central Committee of 
 London Tradesmen. 
 
 Past efforts at improved legislation have failed, it is believed, 
 from various causes. Early reformers confounded the civil and 
 relipious aspects of the question, and advocated it on religious 
 grounds alone ; hence arose the cry about making people religious 
 by Act of Parliament. And later reformers have failed either 
 from limiting the application of the Act to the Metropolis only, 
 or from attempting to make penal the sale of articles now 
 allowed, or from attempting to legalize the sale of articles now 
 forbidden. 
 
 The Central Committee of Tradesmen's Bill is a General Bill 
 for England and Wales, resting on the simple basis of taking 
 the law as it now stands, but seeking to make that law more 
 effectual, by enjoining heavier penalties on offenders, and by 
 making the Police its executive. It will not legalize the sale of 
 any article whose sale is now illegal : it will not make illegal the 
 sale of any article which is now allowed. For it has been found, 
 that the present failures of the law do not arise from the convic- 
 tion that its provisions are unjust in principle, but simply from 
 the fact, that the penalty of 5s. being the whole extent of fine
 
 1 4 STATEMENT 
 
 for any number of acts of trading on the same day, and that 
 whether there has been a previous conviction or not, is not a 
 penalty formidable enough to stoji the trading : and it is the less 
 dreaded, because from the difficulties which at present stand in 
 the way of its enforcement, the chances in any case are, that it 
 will be escaped altogether. 
 
 Its penalties are modex*ate for the first offence, but cumulative 
 for repeated offences, upon the principle of being lenient and yet 
 effective. 
 
 But any measure, however excellent, would be of no avail when 
 passed, unless the Police were made its executive, since private 
 persons would not like to be continually summoning their neigh- 
 bours, nor to hire common informers. 
 
 No articles allowed to be sold, on the plea of necessity, under 
 the law as it now stands, are interfered with. Those now by law 
 prohibited are alone repressed. 
 
 Now the principles of the proposed Bill are fair and reason- 
 able, and are put forth by the Tradesmen themselves. Besides, 
 they ask only for their civil and religious rights to a weekly 
 Rest-day. They ask for the free enjoyment of the Sunday Rest 
 by the amendment of the law. They say, " The gentleman has 
 his Sunday to himself, and the mechanic,'''' and then justly ask, 
 " and why not the Tradesman ' V 
 
 There can be no doubt that their case is one of great hard- 
 ship, and that great injustice has been done a very great majority 
 of Sunday Traders : but much harder still is the fate of the 
 Shopkeepers' Assistants, who are forced to work seven days for 
 a six-days'" wage. In the evidence before the House of Com- 
 mons in 1847 on Sunday Trading, a journeyman Butcher said, 
 " We complain of working so many hours of a Saturday, twenty- 
 one hours of a Saturday, and then rising early of a Sunday 
 morning, and working till half-past twelve. After dinner on 
 Sunday we feel so tired that we are not fit to go out *." In the 
 Report of the Society for the Abolition of Sunday Labour in the 
 Fish, Ice, and Poultry Trades, it is said, " The men labour 
 fifteen hours on week-days, and from eight to ten on Sundays, 
 being forty hours more per week than the mechanic works."" 
 And the consequence of this ceaseless, restless toil is premature 
 
 * Minutes of Evidence before the Committee of the House of Commons, 
 1847. 
 
 6 C. 1847. 1376. 
 
 i
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 15 
 
 old age. Old age at fifty is a common occurrence. And what a 
 cabman exclaimed on his dying pillow, tens of thousands of men 
 in London may truly say, " / never had my Sundays,'''' but 
 
 " Toil, toil away, 
 Sixteen hours a day, 
 Not six but seven, 
 Without a resting-day 
 To hear of hell or heaven." 
 
 And shall the philanthropists of England be moved by the 
 clanking chains of the slaves in her colonies, and be indifferent to 
 those of their own blood at home ? Mercy pleaded for them, let 
 it plead with equal success for these, and then, with the blessing 
 of our Heavenly Father, the light of the "Day of days" will 
 enter in and abide in every home in the land. 
 
 VI. Progress of the Question and the Action of the Rural Deaneries. 
 
 Unlike the Sabbath Committee of New York, your Committee 
 cannot point to one legislative victory. But reformations with 
 us are the growth of years. We are slow in our changes, even 
 when we are convinced the change would be beneficial ; and the 
 words of Ovid are often true of us as a nation, as well as 
 individuals, — 
 
 " We see the right, and we approve it too ; 
 
 Condemn the wrong, and yet the wrong pursue." 
 
 Nevertheless, a great moral reformation has taken place. Public 
 opinion is in favour of amendment of the law. Unanimity 
 prevails among the Sunday Societies with reference to the 
 Tradesmen's Bill, and they are pledged to support it. And in- 
 asmuch as your Committee have prosecuted the question on the 
 basis of civil liberty, all the friends of order and good government 
 are preparing to give them their support. 
 
 The first step of this Committee five years ago was a systematic 
 investigation of the extent and evils of Sunday Trading in London, 
 which developed the startling fact that more than 20,000 shops 
 were open on a Sunday morning ; and, strange as it may appear, 
 nearly 19,000 of the Tradesmen who kept their shops open were 
 in favour of Sunday Trading being suppressed by a stringent law. 
 
 The next step of your Committee was to correct and arouse
 
 1 6 STATEMENT 
 
 public opinion as to the claims and perils of the Christian 
 Sunday, to prepare the way for legislation by creating an 
 intelligent and healthful sentiment in favour of the Sunday Rest, 
 for we all know that the House of Commons works from with- 
 out, and whoever attempts reformatory schemes in the face of 
 an indifferent or hostile public opinion, will certainly never meet 
 with success. 
 
 Hence in 1859 they issued five special Appeals, No. I. To the 
 Inhabitants of the Metropolis; No. II. To the Higher Classes; 
 No. III. To the Employers of Labour ; No. IV. To the Trades- 
 men ; and No. V. To the Sunday Purchasers, in all of which, 
 the civil right to the Sunday Rest, and its social blessings, 
 are distinctly set forth. Nearly 100,000 of those valuable 
 documents have been put into circulation by your Committee, 
 and ten times as many ought to have been distributed, but the 
 want of funds precluded this. 
 
 In 1860 your Committee took an active part in favour of 
 Lord Chelmsford's Bill; and early in 1861 they organized a 
 deputation to the Home Secretary, the late Sir G. 0. Lewis, to 
 procure the insertion of a clause to the effect that " all public 
 crying of goods for sale in the streets on Sundays be prohibited 
 in the next Metropolitan Police Act, or in any Act in which 
 such clause would be admissible." The Lord Bishop of London 
 introduced the deputation, and the matter was investigated, but 
 nothing has been done to abate a very grievous evil. Some kind 
 persons from false benevolence would fain defend the noise of 
 " the poor friendless boys," little dreaming that the practice is a 
 school of vice, and the gains acquired by it are spent in petty 
 gambling and low theatres ; while, on the other hand, it is a 
 flao-rant violation of the rights of good citizens, and is the least 
 defensible of all Sunday Trading, for the Association of News- 
 vendors say, that almost all the newspapers ostensibly published 
 on Sunday are really published on Thursday or Friday, or at 
 least in time for the early mail on Saturday, 
 
 One of the great obstacles to successful legislation on this 
 question has been, however, the want of unanimity among the 
 ranks of the Sunday Observance Societies, and your Committee 
 felt, that unless they could be united in operation nothing could 
 be done. Your Committee, therefore, authorized the Hon. 
 Secretary to confer with the Secretary of the Lord"'s Day Ob- 
 servance Society, with the view to obtain their co-operation to 
 
 I
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 17 
 
 put down the public crying of goods for sale in the streets on 
 Sundays, and they are thankful to be able to report, that in that 
 question the two Societies were united. 
 
 Having been encouraged further, by the assurance that if the 
 two Societies could agree on the principles of a Bill, the Society 
 for Promoting the Due Observance of the Lord's Day would use 
 its influence to secure its progress through the Houses of Par- 
 liament, the Secretaries of the two Societies were then em- 
 powered to confer with reference to the question, which resulted 
 in a joint Report, in which the two Secretaries were agreed, and 
 which contained the principles of a Bill. 
 
 The Report was approved by both Societies, and your Com- 
 mittee received the following Resolution from the Society for 
 Promoting the Due Observance of the Lord's Day, asking them 
 to prepare the Bill : — 
 
 " Resolved, that this Committee would request the Com- 
 mittee of the Sunday Rest Association to take the initiative by 
 preparing a Bill for the suppression of Sunday Trading ; and it 
 entertains a strong hope, that in such case the Committee will 
 be able to support it." 
 
 The want of funds made your Committee shrink at first from 
 the responsibility ; but the great importance of the question 
 carried them forward ; and a Bill, sound in principle, and opera- 
 tive in chai-acter, has been drawn up by the kindness and libe- 
 rality of Robert Baxter, Esq., from the joint Report of the 
 Secretaries, and has received the approval of some of the most 
 eminent lawyers, and the most judicious members of the House 
 of Commons, 
 
 The local character of the Bill, however, as the local character 
 of the Association formerly, contained elements of weakness and 
 failure, and, therefore, it was determined at the commencement 
 of the session, 1862, to extend its provisions to the country, — ■ 
 in fact, to make it a National measure. 
 
 The united efforts of the Committee of Tradesmen, and of 
 your Committee, acting through their Hon, Secretary, were 
 now addressed to the procurement of a suitable member of the 
 House of Commons to introduce the Bill, and they are glad to 
 be able to say that Mr. Samuel Gurney, M.P., the Chairman 
 of the Fish, Ice, and Poultry Trades Society, with pleasure 
 allowed his name to be put on the Bill as supporter of it; 
 and th^t Mr. Arthur Mills, M,P,, encouraged your Committee 
 
 B
 
 18 STATEMENT 
 
 to hope, that, if the Government pledged itself not to oppose 
 the measure, he would introduce it. In order to ascertain this, 
 it was necessary that a deputation should wait upon the Home 
 Secretary. Your Committee, therefore, authorized the Hon. 
 Secretary to organize a deputation to the Home Minister, pre- 
 viously to the introduction of the Bill. 
 
 When the various preliminaries were arranged, all the Sunday 
 Societies were invited to join the deputation, and on Monday, 
 March 31, the day appointed by the Home Secretary, a most 
 influential deputation attended at the Home Office, consisting of 
 150 noblemen and gentlemen, among whom were the Bishop of 
 London, eleven Members of Parliament, the Archdeacons of 
 London and Middlesex, Canons Wordsworth, Jelf, Champneys, 
 Jennings, and clergymen from all parts of London, and members 
 of the trading community. The deputation was introduced by 
 the Bishop of London, the President of the Association, and 
 five Memorials were presented in favour of the Tradesmen's 
 Bill : from the Sunday Rest Association, by the Bishop of 
 London ; from the Fish, Ice, and Poultry Trades, by Samuel 
 Gurney, Esq., M.P. ; from the Society for the Promotion of the 
 Due Observance of the Lord's Day, by Sir Brook W. Bridges, 
 Bart., M.P. ; from the Sunday Rest Committee of Tradesmen, 
 by Taverner Miller, Esq., M.P. ; and from the Shopkeepers'" 
 Assistants of Lambeth. The deputation was unsuccessful, and 
 the measure was postponed for another session ; still the subject 
 has gained, ground and strength by apparent failures and waiting, 
 and its friends feel more confident of final success, for it is the 
 cause of God, good government, and humanity. 
 
 Previously to the commencement of the present session, 1863, 
 your Committee began to prepare the way for the introduction 
 of the Tradesmen's Bill ; but as Mr. Arthur Mills would not 
 pledge himself to introduce the Bill Avithout some prospect of 
 success, it was resolved to hold a Meeting of the friends of the 
 Sunday Rest Reform of both Houses of Parliament, of the 
 leading Clergy and Laymen of the Metropolis, and of members 
 of the Trading Community, to consider, 1st, Whether our Bill 
 entitled, " Selling, Hawking, Crying, and Delivering Goods on 
 the Lord's Day Bill," and adopted by the Sunday Rest Central 
 Committee of Tradesmen, from whom it will emanate, shall be 
 at once introduced into the House of Commons ; and if not, 
 2ndly, What shall be the future proceedings of the Association.
 
 k 
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 19 
 
 On February 11, the Meeting was held, His Grace the Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury in the chair, in the Board Room of the 
 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, which was most 
 kindly lent for the occasion. The following noblemen and gentle- 
 men took part in the proceedings : — The Bishop of London, the 
 Bishop of Lincoln, the Bishop of St. Asaph, the Bishop of Win- 
 chester, the Duke of Marlborough, Lord Chelmsford, Lord Claude 
 Hamilton, M.P., Sir Brook W. Bridges, Bart., M.P., Arthur 
 Mills, Esq., M.P., Thomas Webster, Esq., and the leading clergy 
 and members of the Tradesmen's Committee. The Meeting agreed 
 unanimously, 1st, That the laws relating to Sunday Trading were 
 very defective and ought to be amended ; 2ndly, That the case of 
 Tradesmen was one of great hardship, and positive injustice was 
 done them by deprivation of their civil right to rest on the Day 
 of Rest ; but to the question, Shall the Bill be introduced this 
 Session ? the Meeting was not agreed unless there was some 
 probability of success, and the following resolution was unani- 
 mously adopted : " That this Meeting is of opinion that steps 
 should be taken for ascertaining the feeling of Members of the 
 House of Commons and of the country generally, as to the ex- 
 pediency of speedily introducing the Bill of the Sunday Rest Cen- 
 tral Committee of Tradesmen." After some minor business, and 
 a vote of thanks to the Chairman, the Meeting separated. 
 
 The exertions of your Committee were now directed to the 
 House of Commons, but without encouragement, and after 
 repeated efforts postponement was found to be absolutely neces- 
 sary. Your Committee now resolved to move public opinion, 
 and when it was asked, how can that be done? Mr. Henry 
 Hoare replied, " By the introduction of the Sunday Rest Question 
 into all the Rural Deaneries." His very practical suggestion 
 was at once adopted, and great results have followed, which 
 inspire your Committee with the anticipation of the successful 
 introduction of the measure into the House of Commons next 
 session. 
 
 On the invitation of Mr. Hoare, the Secretary attended a 
 meeting of the Committee of the Association of past and present 
 Churchwardens, which unanimously agreed, " That measures be 
 taken for complying with the Rev. Alfred Jones' request (bring- 
 ing the question of the Sunday Rest Reform under the notice of 
 the Rural Deaneries of the diocese), and that he be requested to 
 supply a copy of the Bill proposed, and of Dr. Wordsworth's 
 
 B 2
 
 20 STATEMENT 
 
 Sunday Hymn, with the best thanks of the Committee for 
 his attendance this day." Extract from the Minutes, Feb. 
 25, 1863. The Secretary attended the same Committee on 
 March 12, 1862, and the following is an extract from the 
 Minutes of that date: "The Rev. Alfred Jones made a state- 
 ment of the steps taken by the Sunday Rest Association in 
 favour of the due observance of the Christian Sunday ; he was 
 listened to with great interest, and it was agreed that the sub- 
 ject is a fit one for discussion at meetings of Clergy and Laity 
 in the different Rural Deaneries." 
 
 Now the results which have followed the adoption of these 
 resolutions by your Committee prove the value and practical 
 character of them. The Secretary was authorized by your Com- 
 mittee to call upon the Rural Deans of the dioceses of London 
 and Winchester, with the view to obtain their sanction to hold 
 special meetings of the clergy and laity to consider what could 
 be done to preserve the Sunday as a day of rest. 
 
 Having obtained the consent of the Rev. John Patteson, 
 Rural Dean of Spitalfields, to hold a special meeting of the 
 deanery, the Secretary waited upon the Clergy, who gladly 
 signed the following requisition : 
 
 "DEANERY OF SPITALFIELDS. 
 " To the Rev. John Patteson, M.A., Rural Dean of Spitalfields. 
 
 "April 23, 1863. 
 
 " Rev. and Dear Sir, — We, tlie undersigned Clergy of your Deanery, 
 feeling the pressing importance of the subject of Sunday Rest, and deeply 
 conscious of the demoralizing effects of Sunday Trading, beg to suggest the 
 desirableness of a Special Meeting of the Deanery to consider whether action 
 can be taken, in conjunction with other Deaneries, for the promotion of a 
 better observance of the Lord's Day. 
 
 " We would also further suggest that a certain number of the zealous laity 
 of the district be invited to take part in the deliberations, and that the Rev. 
 Alfred Jones, Secretary to the Sunday Rest Association, be requested to 
 attend. 
 
 " T. Gibson, D.D. W. J. Grundy, Ph. D. 
 
 " John Tagg, M.A. John Colbourne, B.A. 
 
 " C. M. Christie. William Kerry, M.A. 
 
 " Isaac Brock, B.A. Samuel Thornton, M.A. 
 
 " J. E. Keane, St. Jude's. Thomas Scott, M.A."
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 21 
 
 On the receipt of this the Rural Dean sent forth the following 
 letter to his clergy : 
 
 "Reverend and Dear Brother. — In compliance with the foregoing 
 requisition, and with the sanction of the Bishop, I invite you to a Special 
 Decanal Meeting on Tuesday afternoon. May 12th, at Three o'Clock punc- 
 tually, in the Vestry of the Parish Church of Spitalfields. 
 
 " I would also request each Incumbent to invite the two or three Laymen, 
 whose presence he would desire at the Special Meeting. 
 
 " Ever yours faithfully, 
 
 " John Patteson, 
 
 " Rural Dean. 
 " Rectory, May 2, 1863." 
 
 The meeting was eminently successful, and Mr. Hoare was 
 present by special invitation. Strong feelings were expressed 
 by the Clergy and Laity in favour of repressive measures to stop 
 Sunday Trading, and the following extract from Minutes will 
 show a good result : 
 
 " At a Ruri-Decanal Meeting of Clergy and Laity held in the vestry of 
 Christ Church, Spitalfields, May 12, 1863, it was resolved unanimously, 
 " ' That this Meeting having heard the statement of the Rev. Alfred Jones, 
 pledges itself to co-operate in the efforts of the Sunday Rest Association in 
 the various parishes of this Deanery.' 
 " It was also unanimously resolved, 
 " ' That a Joint-Committee be now formed consisting of the Incumbent, 
 and one Churchwarden of each Parish in the Deanery, to co-operate with the 
 Rev. Alfred Jones on the subject of the first resolution.' 
 
 " James Patteson, 
 
 " Rural Dean." 
 
 The Clergy of the Deanery of St. Sepulchre signed the same 
 requisition to the Rev. James Jackson, M.A., Rural Dean, 
 April 29, and a meeting was summoned May 22, and the follow- 
 ing Resolution was entered upon the Minutes : 
 
 " At a Meeting of the Clergy of the Rural Deanery of St. Sepulchre, held 
 at St. Sepulchre's Vestry, May the 22nd, 1863, the following Resolutions 
 were unanimously adopted : — 
 
 "1. That the Clergy of this Deanery, assembled at a Meeting convened 
 by requisition 'to consider whether action can be taken in conjunction with 
 other Deaneries, for the promotion of a better observance of the Lord's Day,' 
 do respectfully suggest to their brethren the setting apart, by common con- 
 sent, one Sunday, for Special Sermons on the subject, urging on the Sunday 
 buyers and Sunday sellers their responsibilities in this respect, and on their
 
 22 STATEMENT 
 
 Congregations generally, the importance of aiding the Clergy in their effort 
 to carry out this very desirable object. 
 
 "2. That without more being desired than kindly to request the co-ope- 
 ration of the Clergy not present at the Meeting, the 21st of June seeming an 
 appropriate period for bringing the subject before the Congregations of the 
 Deanery, the whole of the Clergy be respectfully asked to fix on that day for 
 the Sermons, unless specially inconvenient : and in that case to be so good 
 as to name the nearest available Sunday for that purpose. 
 
 " James Jackson, 
 
 " Rural Dean." 
 
 The Deanery of St, Pancras has also held a special meeting, 
 and the following is an extract from the Minutes : 
 
 " At a Special Meeting of the Clergy of the Rural Deanery of St. Pancras, 
 held in the vestry of St. Pancras Church, on Monday, June 8, to hear a 
 statement from the Rev. Alfred Jones on the objects and operations of the 
 Sunday Rest Association, it was resolved unanimously, — 
 
 " 1st. That this Chapter approves of the course at present adopted by 
 the Sunday Rest Association, and is prepared to give it a cordial support. 
 
 *' 2nd. That the Members of this Deanery, with a view to co-operate with 
 the Sunday Rest Association in carrying the Tradesmen's Bill to Parliament, 
 agree to make a simultaneous appeal by means of the pulpit, the issuing of 
 placai'ds, or any other means that may be deemed advisable. 
 
 " W. W. Champneys, 
 
 " Rural Dean." 
 
 The Deanery of St. Martin-in-the-Fields has met, and a 
 Committee been formed. 
 
 Several other deaneries in this diocese, and also in the dioceses 
 of Winchester, Oxford, St. David's, and Llandaff, have pro- 
 mised to take action in this matter ; and your Committee de- 
 voutly hope that the Rural Deaneries throughout the kingdom 
 will meet together in consultation with some of the faithful laity, 
 as in Spitalfields. to consider what can be done to aid this 
 blessed and holy work, particularly those of our large cities and 
 towns, as Bath, Birmingham, Brighton, Bristol, Leeds, Liver- 
 pool, Manchester, Oxford and Cambridge, &c. Should they do 
 so, great practical results will follow, for it is believed if a simul- 
 taneous movement is made, the Tradesmen's Bill, which is 
 sound in principle and operative in character, will become the law 
 of the land. 
 
 The Rural Deaneries will carry with them all the friends of 
 order and good government ; but there are many people whom 
 this method will not reach, and therefore your Committee are
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
 
 23 
 
 appealing to them in large placards, which are now being ex- 
 tensively posted in all places where Sunday Trading is carried on. 
 
 FAIR PLAY. 
 
 PLEASE 
 
 NOT TO SHOP 
 
 ON 
 
 SUNDAYS. 
 
 "The Gentleman has his Sunday to himself, and the 
 Mechanic, and why not the Middle-class-man and the 
 Tradesman ? " — Minutes of Uvidence taken iy a Com- 
 mittee of the Souse of Commons, 1847. 
 
 Sunday Rest Association, 8, Parliament Street, S.W. 
 
 This plan is generally approved, and the Committee hope 
 that their friends will aid them to carry it out to the utmost 
 extent. The English are characterized by their love of Fair 
 Play ; and your Committee ask the Working Classes this ques- 
 tion, " Is it fair to the Tradesman and those in his employ to 
 deprive them of the Day of Rest, because you will not go and 
 shop on a Saturday night?" The Working Classes will honestly 
 answer, No. This appeal, therefore, is addressed to them, to do 
 to others as they would that others should do theni^ lest their 
 tyranny, in depriving Tradesmen of the Sunday, should be 
 visited upon their own heads, and they themselves, losing the 
 Day of Rest, should henceforth have to work seven days a week 
 for six days' wage. 
 
 VII. Reasons why,— 1. Working men, 2. Tradesmen, 3. Students, 
 4. The State, and 5. All sincere Christians should support the 
 Bill of the Committee of Tradesmen, and Rest on Sundays. 
 
 1. Because it restrains masters from exacting seven days' 
 work for six days' wage, and secures to every man the weekly 
 Day of Rest, which, as the New York Tribune says, " is empha- 
 tically the poor man's day — his weekly day of exemption from 
 ordinary labour — a day on which he may enjoy fully the society 
 of his wife and children. We believe that, if all peculiar respect 
 for it were obliterated, the majority of the poor would work
 
 24 STATEMENT 
 
 seven days per week for no more average wages than they now 
 receive for six, and that their moral, physical, and pecuniary 
 condition would be decidedly woi'se than it now is. We hold it, 
 therefore, the clear interest of the labouring classes, as such, to 
 uphold and insist on the present legal status of Sunday ' ." 
 
 2. Because there is nothing gained by Sunday Trading. 
 " There is no trade that we are aware of that violates the Sab- 
 bath law by labour so much as the bakers do, and no trade has 
 suffered so much in consequence. A rich master baker, who 
 has got his wealth by the profits of his business, is a rare thing 
 to be met with. There are more journeymen in the baking 
 trade who are decayed masters than in any other *." " A dis- 
 tinguished merchant said to the writer of this — ' There is no 
 need of breaking the Sabbath, and no benefit from it. We have 
 not had a vessel leave the harbour on the Sabbath for more than 
 twenty years. It is altogether better to get them off on a week- 
 day than on the Sabbath. It is about thirty years since I came 
 to this city : and every man through this whole range, who came 
 to his store, or suffered his counting-room to be opened on the 
 Sabbath, has lost his property .'' An old gentleman in Boston 
 remarked, ' Men do not gain any thing by working on Sunday. 
 I can recollect men who, when I was a boy, used to load their 
 vessels down on Long Wharf, and keep their men at work from 
 morning to night on the Sabbath day. But they have come to 
 nothing. Their children have come to nothing. Depend upon 
 it, men do not gain any thing in the end by working on the 
 Sunday ^''" " Do you conceive serving on a Sunday is injurious 
 to the pecuniary interest ? — I see it by most Tradesmen round, 
 that those who shut their shops on the Sunday are the people 
 that do the best'." Mr. Bagnall, a large iron-master, dis- 
 continued the working of his blast-furnaces on a Sunday, and in 
 1841, two years after the change took place, stated in evidence 
 before a Committee of the House of Lords, " We have made 
 rather more iron since we stopped on Sundays than we did befoi'e." 
 After a seven years' trial of the plan, Mr, Bagnall wrote thus : 
 " We have made a larger quantity of iron than ever, and gone 
 on in all our six iron-works much more free from accidents and 
 interruptions than during any preceding seven years of our 
 
 7 Tribune, New York, America, April 23, 1860. 
 ^ Address on the Evils of Sabbath Labour, p. 11. 
 ' Permanent Sabbath Documents, America, p. 11. 
 ' Report on the Sabbatli, p. 50.
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 25 
 
 lives ^" Evidence might be multiplied a thousandfold, to prove 
 that it is to the temporal interest of Tradesmen, merchants, and 
 manufacturers to support the Tradesmen's Bill. 
 
 8. Because " all men, of whatever class, who must necessarily 
 be occupied six days in the week, should abstain on the seventh ; 
 and in the course of life they would assuredly gain by giving to their 
 bodies the repose, and to their minds the change of ideas suited to 
 the day, for which it was appointed by unerring wisdom. I have 
 frequently observed the premature death of medical men from 
 continued exertion. I have advised the clergyman, in lieu of his 
 Sabbath, to rest one day in the week : it forms a continual pre- 
 scription of mine. I have seen many destroyed by their duties 
 on that day ; and, to preserve others, I have frequently suspended 
 them from the discharge of those duties. The working of the 
 mind in one continued train of thought is destructive of life in 
 the most distinguished class of society, and senators themselves 
 stand in need of reform in that particular. I have observed 
 many of them destroyed by neglecting this economy of life ^.^ 
 And Wilberforce said " he could name several of his contem- 
 poraries in the vortex of political cares whose minds had actually 
 given way under the stress of intellectual labour, so as to bring 
 on premature death*." And Sir David Wilkie said, "Those 
 artists who wrought on Sunday were soon disqualified from 
 working at all ^ ;" and " we never knew a man work seven days 
 to the week, who did not kill himself or his mind^." And 
 Burke said, " They who always labour can have no true judg- 
 ment ; they exhaust their attention, burn out their candles, and 
 are left in the dark'." And Isaac Taylor said, " To the student, 
 a Sunday well spent, is the best of all refreshment to the mere 
 intellect**." For, according to Sir Matthew Hale's good maxim, 
 
 " A Sunday well spent 
 
 Brings a week of content, 
 And health for the toils of the morrow : 
 
 But a Sabbath profaned, 
 
 Whatsoe'er may be gain'd, 
 Is a certain forerunner of sorrow." 
 
 2 Baylee's Statistics, pp. 88, 89. 
 
 3 Minutes of Evidence before the House of Commons, 1832, p. 119. Dr. 
 Farre. 
 
 * Venn in Scott's Discourse on Wilberforce, p. 32, note. 
 
 * The Sabbath at Home and Abroad, p. 47. 
 
 * The Standard. ^ Burke's Speeches. ^ Isaac Taylor.
 
 26 STATEMENT 
 
 4. Because Sunday labour demoralizes a people, enfeebles the 
 constitution, and dwarfs the intellect. " Kely on it," says Lord 
 Macaulay, " that intense labour, beginning too early in life, 
 continued too long every day, stunting the growth of the body, 
 stunting the growth of the mind, leaving no time for healthful 
 exercise, leaving no time for intellectual culture, must impair all 
 those high qualities which have made our country great. . . . On 
 the other hand, a day of rest recurring in every week, two or 
 three hours of leisure, exercise, innocent amusement, or useful 
 study, recurring every day, must improve the whole man physi- 
 cally, morally, intellectually ; and the improvement of the man 
 will improve all he produces '." And he further observes, that, 
 *' if the Sunday had not been observed as a day of rest, but the 
 axe, the anvil, and the loom had been at work every day during 
 the last three centuries, I have not the smallest doubt that we 
 should have been at this moment a poorer people and a less 
 civilized people than we are. ... Of course I do not mean that 
 a man will not produce more in a week by working seven days 
 than by working six days. But I very much doubt whether, at 
 the end of a year, he will generally have produced more by 
 working seven days a week than by working six days a week, 
 and I firmly believe that at the end of twenty years he will 
 have produced less by working seven days a week than by work- 
 ing six days a week ^^ Indeed wherever it has been tried this 
 has been proved. " I well remember that during the war, when 
 it was proposed to work all Sunday in one of the royal factories 
 for a continuance, not for an occasional service, it was found 
 that the workmen who obtained government consent to abstain 
 from working on Sundays executed in a few months even more 
 work than the others '." It is therefore of great advantage to 
 a state, for it enriches, civilizes, and ennobles the people. Besides, 
 as a civil institution, the Sunday is of the greatest importance to 
 a state, for as Adam Smith says, "the Sabbath as a political 
 institution is of inestimable value, independently of its claims 
 to Divine authority ^'''' Indeed, it is of the highest benefit 
 
 ' Lord Macaulay's Speeches, p. 451. 
 
 > Speeches (1854), pp. 450, 451. 
 
 2 Life of Wilberforce, vol. i. p. 275. 
 
 ■3 "The baronet's [Sir John Sinclair] next undertaking was a quarto Essay 
 against what he considered a too strict and puritanical observance of the Sab- 
 bath in Scotland, but with singular conscientiousness he destroyed the whole
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 27 
 
 to a state, " considered merely as a civil institution. It 
 humanizes by the help of conversation and society the manners 
 of the lower classes, which would otherwise degenerate into a 
 sordid ferocity and savage selfishness of spirit. It enables the 
 industrious workman to pursue his occupation in the ensuing 
 week with health and cheerfulness ; it imprints on the minds of 
 people that sense of their duty to God so necessary to make 
 them good citizens, but which yet would be worn out and de- 
 faced by an unremitted continuance of labour without any stated 
 times of recalling them to the worship of their Maker''." And 
 the late Justice McLean, of the United States Supreme Court, 
 said, " Where there is no Christian Sabbath there is no Christian 
 morality, and without this free government cannot long be 
 sustained *." And Baron Augustin Cauchy, a member of the 
 French Institute, who took an active part in the Sunday move- 
 ment in France, also says, " Wherever a nation fails to keep 
 the Cliristian Sunday, Christianity ceases to exist. There would 
 be an end to domestic life, to family ties ; and civilization would 
 soon be succeeded by barbarism^," and such barbarism as 
 developed itself under the awful reign of terror in France. 
 
 And 5. Because it is the " Lord's Day," when God's law and 
 grace for sinful man are made to meet in a divine Redeemer, a 
 divine Gospel, and a divine Day. " The divine origin of the 
 Sabbath might be almost proved from its opposition to the lower 
 propensities of mankind. In no age of the world since labour 
 was known would any master of the serf, the slave, or the cattle 
 have Sfontaneously given up a seventh part of their toil. No 
 human legislator would have proposed such a law of property, 
 or, if he had, no nation would have endured it The 
 
 manuscript on hearing this remark from his friend, Dr. Adam Smith, which 
 was the more remarkable as coming from the apologist of David Hume, — 
 ' Your book, Sir John, is very ably composed ; but the Sabbath, as a political 
 institution, is of inestimable value, independently of its claims to Divine 
 authority.'" — Memoir of Sir John Sinclair, by Chambers. 
 
 ^ Blackstone's Commentaries, vol. iv. p. 63. 
 
 ■' Sabbath Documents, New York, No. xiii. 
 
 ^ Letter, My Connexion with the Sabbath Movement in France. C. Coch- 
 rane. 
 
 " A corruption of moi-als usually follows a profanation of the Sabbath." 
 — Blackstone. 
 
 " II n'y a pas de religion sans culte, et il n'y a pas de culte sans 
 dimanche." — Montalembeut.
 
 28 STATEMENT 
 
 Sabbath in its whole character is so strongly opposed to the 
 avarice, the heartlessness, and the irreligion of man, that, except 
 in the days of Moses and Joshua, it has never been observed 
 with due reverence by any nation in the world ' 
 
 7 ■>•> 
 
 " O Day most calm, most bright ! 
 The fruit of this, the next world's bud; 
 The indorsement of supreme delight, 
 Writ by a Friend, and with His blood ; 
 The couch of time ; care's balm and bay : — 
 The week were dark, but for thy light ; 
 
 Thy torch doth show the way. 
 
 " The other days and thou 
 Make up one man ; whose face thou art, 
 Knocking at Heaven with thy brow ; 
 The working days are the back part ; 
 The burden of the week lies there, 
 Making the whole to stoop and bow, 
 
 Till thy release appear. 
 
 " Man had straightforward gone 
 To endless death ; but thou dost pull 
 And turn us round, to look on One, 
 Whom, if we were not very dull. 
 We could not choose but look on still : 
 Since there is no place so alone 
 
 The which He doth not fill. 
 
 " The Sundays of man's life. 
 Threaded together on time's string, 
 Make bracelets to adorn the wife 
 Of the eternal, glorious King : 
 On Sunday, Heaven's gate stands ope' 
 Blessings are plentiful and rife ; 
 
 More plentiful than hope. 
 
 7 Dr. Croly, Divine Origin and Obligation of the Sabbath, 1850, p. 17. 
 
 s "There's something beautiful in the church-bells, don't you think so, 
 Jem?" asked Capstick in a sudden tone. "Beautiful and hopeful, they 
 talk to high and low, rich and poor, in the same voice ; there's a sound in 
 'em that should scare pride and envy and meanness of all sorts from the 
 heart of man ; that should make him look upon the world with kind for- 
 giving ej'es ; that should make the earth seem to him, at least for a time, a
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 29 
 
 " Thou art a day of mirth ; 
 And where the week-days trail on ground, 
 Thy flight is higher as thy birth. 
 Oh, let me take thee at the bound, 
 Leaping with thee from seven to seven ' ; 
 Till that we both, being toss'd from earth. 
 Fly hand in hand to Heaven *"! " 
 
 Your Committee therefore appeal to all classes of Society, 
 the high and the low, the rich and the poor, the master and the 
 servant, to help with all their strength the cause of universal 
 Sunday Rest, that the grand designs of the Christian Sunday 
 may be fulfilled, for that Holy Day in the week, like the sun in 
 the sky, imparts life, health, and comeliness on whomsoever it 
 shines. 
 
 VIII. The TJnion of Sunday Societies necessary to ensure the success 
 of the Tradesmen's Bill. 
 
 Sunday Societies are numerous, but their object is one. Al- 
 though their object is one and the same, viz., the conservation of 
 the Christian Sunday, yet there has been no unanimity, and 
 consequently the progress of the question has suffered. There 
 has been no want of union, however, on the other side ; the 
 enemies of the Day are united. There are no dissentients in 
 their camp. Let there be none in ours. Let the lovers of the Day 
 which has brought us near to God through Christ Jesus, be not 
 
 holy place. Yes, Jem, there's a whole sermon in every sound of the church- 
 bells, if we only have the ears to understand it. There's a preacher in every 
 belfrj', Jem, that cries, ' Poor, weary, struggling, fighting creatures, poor 
 human things! And )'ou, ye humble vessels, gilt and painted, believe the 
 iron tongue that tells ye that for all your gilding, all your colours, j'e are the 
 same Adam's earth with the beggars at your gates. Come away, come, 
 cries the church-bell, and learn to be humble; learning that however 
 daubed and painted, and stuck about with jewels, you are but gross clay. 
 Come, Dives, come, and be taught all your glory as ye wear it, is not half 
 so beautiful in the eyes of Heaven as the sores of uncomplaining Lazarus. 
 And ye poor creatures, livid and faint, stinted and crashed with the pride 
 and hardness of the world. Come, come, cry the bells, with the voice of an 
 angel, come and learn wliat is laid up for ye, and learning take heart, and 
 walk among the wickedness and cruelties of the world calmly, as Daniel 
 walked among lions.' " — St James and St. Giles. 
 
 ^ " I feel as if God had, by giving the Sabbath, given fifty-two springs in 
 the year." — Coleridge. 
 
 '" George Herbert's Poems. Sunday.
 
 30 STATEMENT 
 
 only one in purpose, but united in operation. Your Committee 
 therefore appeal to all the Sunday Societies throughout the 
 land to join hands with them, and endeavour with them to ensure 
 the success of the Sunday Rest Tradesmen's Bill by their con- 
 tributions, by their petitions to both Houses of the Legislature, 
 and by their influence with their representatives in Parliament. 
 
 The Society for Promoting the Due Observance of the Lord's 
 Day^ your Committee are glad to be able to say, is one with them 
 as far as the proposed Bill is concerned, and is pledged to sup- 
 port it " in every effort calculated to be of use in its passing."" 
 
 The Society for the Abolition of Labour in the Fish, Ice, and 
 Poultry Trades has also entered into union with us, by electing 
 two members of its Committee as delegated members of the 
 Sunday Rest Central Committee of Tradesmen, from whom the 
 proposed Bill will emanate. 
 
 The Cab and Omnibusmen''s Sunday Rest Society is now in 
 communication with your Committee on this subject. The 
 object of this Society is to secure to the Cabmen and Omnibus- 
 men of the Metropolis, with the ostlers and washers connected 
 with the trade, their natural and Scriptural right to the rest of 
 the Lord's Day. Your Committee, not knowing that the Six 
 Day Cab Society had extended its labours to the Omnibusmen, 
 had devoted much time in their behalf, and they found that 
 drivers and conductors on the various routes bitterly complained 
 that they were compelled to work five hours a day more than the 
 mechanic, and to lose their Sunday Rest as well, which together 
 makes a total of fifty hours per week more than the ordinary 
 working man works. Many of the drivers said that they felt 
 degraded in their own eyes by Sunday work. One driver said, 
 " I never go to bed the same day I get up, because my omnibus 
 does not get to the yard till after midnight ; I never see my 
 children but in bed." Another said, " Sir, if I was sure I should 
 have my Sunday with my wife and children at home as a man 
 ought to do, I should not spend so much during the week ; I 
 spend in the week many a shilling I should save. So I gain 
 nothing by working on Sundays, and, besides, I am queer 
 with myself and with every body else." Another driver pulled 
 up at a corner of a street, and stooping forward to speak to a 
 friend, said, "• How's Ned?" "He's as ill as he can be. I fear 
 he's gone his last journey. He'll never drive again." When 
 the omnibus started he was asked whom he inquired after. The
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REFOKT. 31 
 
 reply was, " An old driver I was conductor for twenty years 
 ago. He'll soon be off now, for he's an old man, and omnibus 
 work is killing work."" "How old is he?"" ''I should think 
 he is about fifty." "Fifty! ! he is a young man."" '■'■Not at 
 this icork^ sir. Why, sir, / work sixteen and seventeen hours a 
 day all weathers., and fourteen on Sundays., and five times longer 
 than my horses.'''' The words " Not at this work " rung in the 
 ears of the questioner for days after, and he wondered that the 
 men were not worse than they are. But it is to be hoped that 
 both Omnibus and Cabmen will obtain their right to rest on the 
 Day of Rest. There are now more than 1600 cabs with six-day 
 plates. There is double that number of seven-day cabs. Hence 
 the song of the seven-day Cabman is too true of thousands in 
 London. 
 
 " Drive, Drive, Drive. 
 
 In sunshine, frost, and rain, 
 Ever to labour, never to thrive. 
 
 The brand of the outcast Cain. 
 Dinner, and church, and play, 
 
 Rail, and rout, and ball, 
 Till life and health are worn away, 
 
 And never a rest at all. 
 
 " Ladies in cabs to church 
 
 Each Sabbath day will roll, 
 Nor seem to care if I drive them there, 
 
 What fate betides my soul ; 
 And all this worship too 
 
 In the church of their choice must be. 
 While the sound of a psalm, and a sight of the walls. 
 
 And a tract is enough for me." 
 
 Your Committee have had communications with the various 
 Societies for the Lord's Day in the cities and large towns in 
 England and Wales, and also with the Sabbath Alliance of Scot- 
 land ; and they are anxious to bring all the Sunday Societies in 
 Europe into union with them, that union may strengthen their 
 glorious work, for union is strength, and wherever union takes 
 place it will tend to the spi-ead of the blessings, civil, social, and 
 religious, which flow from the Christian Sunday. 
 
 IX. Sunday Movement on the Continent. 
 
 France. — Various indications have been given of a recoil from 
 the extreme laxity of Sunday observance which has long cha-
 
 32 STATEMENT 
 
 racterized the French nation. In Church and State there is 
 manifest restlessness under the " bad eminence " attained in this 
 form of wickedness ; so that reformatory measures might hope to 
 gain footing were they wisely planned. We note a few significant 
 facts. 
 
 A ministerial note was addressed to the Ami de la Religion — 
 which had reproached the Government for employing an army 
 of workmen every Sunday — denying that any State works are 
 continued on Sundays unless exceptional circumstances render it 
 absolutely necessary. Contractors on city works are under an 
 obligation to discontinue their operations on Sundays and fete 
 days, and all the contracts contain a clause to that effect. The 
 note also asserts that contractors for demolitions, in remodelling 
 the plan of Paris, make themselves liable to a fine of three 
 hundred francs, if they continue their operations on Sundays. 
 
 " In the Cathedral of Notre Dame," says a late writer, " I 
 read a recent proclamation by the Archbishop of Paris in favour 
 of Sabbath-keeping. The import of it was, that the Christian 
 world had long pointed at the French as a people without reli- 
 gion ; that Sabbath observance was indispensable for religion, 
 but had lamentably gone out of use," &c. 
 
 Abbe Mullois, Chaplain to the Empress of France, in a recent 
 discourse on the Sunday question, observed that the neglect of 
 rest on the Sabbath day, according to the commandment, brought 
 on premature old age ; and added these suggestive thoughts : 
 " Who in these days of money-seeking cares for the old ? 
 Who would employ weak arms when young and strong ones are 
 demanding their turn ? Old age at fifty was one of the features 
 of the day, one ever recurring to his notice in his intercourse 
 with the poor. Public and private charities were insufficient to 
 keep from want the thousands who on this ground could no 
 longer find employment." 
 
 Thus, the experiment of a godless holiday Sunday, instead of 
 a restful, refreshing holy day Sabbath, proves a confessed failure. 
 The human constitution was not framed for perpetual exertion or 
 dissipation. If not wound up weekly it runs down and icears out. 
 " Old age at fifty is one of the features of the day," says the chap- 
 lain of the Empress. What a feature ! what a commentary on 
 the homeless, Sabbathless, godless life of Paris and of France ! 
 What a lesson of warning for Sabbath-keeping nations ! 
 
 Switzerland. — The meeting of the Evangelical Alliance at
 
 AND FIFTH AN^NUAL REPORT. S3 
 
 Geneva which brought together many Christian men of Europe, 
 was an auspicious event for the SaJ)bath in Switzerland and over 
 the Continent. One of the sessions was set apart for the con- 
 sideration of the Lord's Day and the means of sanctification. 
 Able papers on the subject were read by Pastor Godet, of 
 Neufchatel, and the Rev. Dr. Thompson, of Edinburgh — the 
 latter unfolding the true idea of the Scottish Sabbath, and vindi- 
 cating it from innumerable misrepresentations. The discussion was 
 continued in French and English, and resulted in such quickened 
 interest that " a Society for the Sanctification of the Sabbath " 
 was formed in Geneva ; discourses were delivered in the pulpits, 
 and a work of reform was begun which has extended into 
 Cantons Vaud, Neufchatel, Berne, Basle, and other parts of 
 Switzerland, and into Germany. A well-informed foreign journal 
 says : " The attention of the Christian communities in Switzer- 
 land is fully awakened to the sinfulness of the manner in v^hich 
 they have allowed the Lord's Day to be neglected and even 
 desecrated ; and their leading men are making their best exer- 
 tions, by precept and example, to instruct the people as to their 
 duties in respect to Sabbath observance." Your Committee 
 has just received a very interesting letter from F. Godet, of 
 Neufchatel, on the subject of Sunday reform there. 
 
 Germany. — The New York Sabbath Committee having scat- 
 tered their German documents on the question about Germany, 
 with the hope that sympathy might be kindled with the views 
 coming to be cherished on the Sabbath question by the Anglo- 
 German Churches in America, the following will show that 
 this hope has not been disappointed. The New Evangelical 
 Church Gazette, Berlin, April, 1862, has an able and earnest 
 article on " Sabbath Reform," where the labours of the Sabbath 
 Committee are intelligibly explained, highly commended, and 
 held up for imitation to Protestant Germany and Europe. It is 
 evidently an editorial article. This is a cheering sign of the 
 times. The day may, indeed, not be distant when an energetic 
 movement on Sabbath reform may commence in the heart of 
 Europe. 
 
 X. Sunday Movement in America. 
 
 In the Report of last year, your Committee gave an account 
 of the great reformation which has taken place in America, 
 chiefly through the judicious, and energetic, and systematic
 
 34 STATEMENT 
 
 labours of the New York Sabbath Committee of Laymen. 
 These gentlemen, with love . to God who in mercy made the 
 Sabbath for man, and with love to their neighbours who re- 
 quired it, set themselves a most arduous task, the restoration of 
 the Lord's Day to its proper use. The Sunday laws of America 
 had been adopted with the common law of England, which is in- 
 wrought with it, warp and woof; and inasmuch as these laws, 
 together with others of a later date, which rendered trading 
 illegal on the Lord's Day, were trampled under foot by un- 
 principled traders, they resolved, with the help and blessing of 
 God, that the day should be observed by all the community as a 
 Day of Rest. Their labours were directed against certain pal- 
 pable evils, which may be classified as follows : — 
 
 1. Offences against the Public Peace and Order. 
 
 2. Invasion of Public Morals. 
 
 8. Protection of the Sabbath in War. 
 
 4. Promotion of the General Sabbath Reform. 
 J . Of this class the Sanday news-crying nuisance was the most 
 obtrusive and the least defensible. It had, indeed, gained a 
 foothold by a quarter of a century of unmanly toleration. They 
 presented a memorial to the Mayor of New York and the Com- 
 missioners of Police, on the ground that it was a school of vice 
 to the news-boys ; that their evil example was disastrous to the 
 children of the city ; and that it was a violation of the rights of 
 good citizens. The memorial was signed by more than a hundred 
 of the most prominent citizens, and the nuisance was put down. 
 
 2. They next addressed themselves to the systems of evil 
 which overspread the city, and which were vast enough to have 
 discouraged any but the most manly and energetic. Five years 
 ago the dram-shops, the German beer-gardens, the saloons, the 
 theatres, and gambling-houses, and shops of all kinds, were open, 
 and the Sunday in New York was as badly observed as in 
 Paris or Vienna. But these mighty powers for evil, which 
 would soon have borne down and overwhelmed all those noble 
 and unchanging principles which make a nation great, have 
 been checked and held back by stringent and wholesome laws, 
 and Sunday crime and disorder have decreased seventy- 
 five PER cent. 
 
 3. Unfortunately for America, it is now rent in pieces by a 
 terrible civil war. The New York Sabbath Committee, if they 
 could not stop the effusion of blood, have at least endeavoured
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 35 
 
 to obtain the Sunday Rest to all their soldiers in the field, and 
 accordingly issued an excellent, calm, and well-reasoned Docu- 
 ment (No. xix.), "J. Plea for the Sabbath in War^ 
 
 A copy of this document was forwarded, August SOth, 1861, 
 to the newly-appointed General Commanding the Army of the 
 Potomac, General McClellan, accompanied by a private note 
 from a source claiming " more than a mere patriot''s interest in 
 his public career," and soliciting his influence in averting the 
 terrible evil to the army and the country of a Sabbath-break- 
 ing military regime. On the 6th of September ensuing, the 
 following admirable General Order was issued : — 
 
 " Head-quarters, Army of the Potomac, 
 Washington, Sept. 6, 1861. 
 
 \_General Orders, No. 7.] 
 
 "The Major-General Commanding desires and requests that in future 
 there may be more perfect respect for the Sabbatli on the part of his com- 
 mand. We are fighting in a holy cause, and should endeavour to deserve 
 the benign favour of the Creator. Unless in the case of an attack by the 
 enemy, or some other extreme military necessity, it is commended to com- 
 manding officers that all work shall be suspended on the Sabbath ; that no 
 unnecessary movements shall be made on that day ; that the men shall, so 
 far as possible, be permitted to rest from their labours ; that they shall 
 attend divine service after the customary Sunday morning inspection ; and 
 that officers and men shall alike use their influence to insure the utmost 
 decorum and quiet on that day. The General Commanding regards this as 
 no idle form; one day's rest in seven is necessary to men and animals: 
 more than this, the observance of the holy day of the God of Mercy and of 
 Battles is our sacred duty. 
 
 "Geo. B. McClellan, Major-General Commanding. 
 
 " Official : A. V. Colburn, Assistant Adjutant-General." 
 
 Perhaps no single utterance of the sort was ever more, timely 
 or welcome to an army or a nation. It was hailed by the 
 troops as a guarantee of rights previously ignored ; and by the 
 country as a recognition of obligations too little heeded. Its 
 practical results were recognized by many observers, and denied 
 by no one. 
 
 The desperate efforts of the country during the following 
 year, however, to bring the civil war to a speedy issue endan- 
 gered the Sabbath, and the Committee organized a deputation 
 to the President, which was soon followed by his celebrated 
 General Order to the Army and Navy, enjoining the orderly 
 
 c2
 
 36 STATEMENT 
 
 observance of the Sabbath by the officers and men in the 
 military and naval service. 
 
 " Executive Mansion, Washington, 
 Nov. 15, 1862. 
 " The President, Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, desires and 
 enjoins the orderly observance of the Sabbath by the officers and men in the 
 military and naval service. The importance for man and beast of the pre- 
 scribed weekly rest, the sacred rights of Christian soldiers and sailors, a 
 becoming deference to the best sentiments of a Christian people, and a due 
 regard for the Divine will, demand that Sunday labour in the army and 
 navy be reduced to the measure of strict necessity. The discipline and 
 character of the national forces should not suffer, nor the cause they defend 
 be imperilled, by the profanation of the day or name of the Most High. ' At 
 this time of public distress,' adopting the words of Washington in 1776, 
 'men may find enough in the service of God and their country, without 
 abandoning themselves to vice and immorality.' Tlie first general order 
 issued by the father of his coinitry, after the Declaration of Independence, 
 indicates the spirit in which our institutions were founded and should ever 
 be defended, — ' The General hopes and trusts that every officer and man 
 will endeavour to live and act as becomes a Christian soldier, defending the 
 dearest rights and liberties of his country.' 
 
 "Abraham Lincoln." 
 
 This important order is worth much to the cause of religion 
 and public morals. As the most distinct declaration from the 
 chief magistrate of America of their Christian nationality it is 
 an important document, and both officers and men hail this 
 authoritative declaration of their right to rest on the day of rest 
 with gladness. 
 
 Whatever may be our opinion of the war, we must acknow- 
 ledge that there is wisdom, prudence, and mercy in commanding 
 the orderly observance of the Sunday in warfare, for there is 
 nothing gained by Sunday warfare any more than any other 
 Sunday work. Indeed, it is a remarkable fact in the war now 
 waging there, that almost without exception, the assailing party 
 in Sunday warfare, xolieilier Union or Confederate^ has been defeated. 
 And now there is a growing sentiment against Sunday fighting. 
 Would that they would cease to fight altogether ! and there is 
 every reason why. The Times (April 11, 1862), New York, 
 has the following leader: — 
 
 " Sunday Battles. — The late terrible struggle at Pittsburg adds another to 
 the long list of Sunday battles. The facts are so clear in this and numerous 
 other conflicts, and the results have been so uniform and decisive, that com-
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 37 
 
 ment is not only warranted but demanded, alike by philosophy, patriotism, 
 and piety. The general statement cannot be gainsaid, that the more im- 
 portant movements of the National forces, in the early stages of the present 
 war, were made on Sunday ; and that they were undeniable failures. Pat- 
 terson's column was constantly notorious for its manoeuvring on Sundays — 
 and for little else. Big Bethel, Bull Run, and Ball's Bluff were the great 
 blunders and defeats of attacking armies on Sunday. All these engage- 
 ments, excepting Ball's Bluff, under the now imprisoned Gen. Stone, pre- 
 ceded Gen. McClellan's noble Sabbath order. Thenceforward the rebels 
 have made the Sunday assaults, with invariable loss of the battles thus 
 waged. Mill Spring opened their career of Sunday fighting, which closes 
 with Pittsburg. The battle of Winchester was begun on Sunday morning. 
 The first of these battles cost the rebels Kentucky ; the second, the valley of 
 Virginia; and the third, the Mississippi Valley. The Merrimac, too, after 
 its destructive Saturday's raid, ran a-muck against the Monitor on Sunday, 
 and has spent a month in repairing damages. 
 
 " Add to the facts, that most of the Generals Commanding, whose names 
 figure as assailants in these battles, were slain in them, or are in disgrace on 
 account of them, and there is food for reflection in these bits of history. 
 What has become of our Gen, Pierce, of Big Bethel memory ? What of 
 Gen. Stone? Where are ZoUicofFer and Sidney Johnston? In short, since 
 we have ceased the business of Simday fighting and the rebels took it up, 
 we have had only victories to record, and they only defeats and surrenders. 
 Fort Donelson and Island No. 10, were our Sunday morning benison on 
 week-day prowess. 
 
 " Nor are these isolated historical facts. History is full of them. The 
 British forces assailed us on Lake Champlain and at New Orleans on Sunday, 
 and were defeated. We assailed them at Quebec ; our army was repulsed 
 and its leader slain. We began the battle of Monmouth, and had the worst 
 of it. Napoleon began the battle of Waterloo on Sunday, and lost his army 
 and his empire. The battle of Blenheim, which has been repeatedly cited 
 by the Herald, with its usual accuracy, as a successful Sunday battle, was 
 not fought on Sunday, but began on Wednesday. 
 
 " We content ourselves with the simple collation of these suggestive facts. 
 Let them go to swell that mighty volume of testimony to the supremacy and 
 stability of a law as old as creation, which claims quite other use of one- 
 seventh part of time than the work of willing human butchery." 
 
 4. Thus far the Committee proceeded when it was thought 
 desirable that a national effort should be made for the conser- 
 vation of the Sunday, and for the progress of Sabbath reform. 
 An appeal was made to the clergy in a circular letter, and 
 sermons were preached throughout America. Five of these 
 sermons have been published in a volume, and several copies 
 were presented to the friends of the Sunday in England through 
 your Committee. 
 
 The Sunday movement in New York, and its successful re-
 
 38 STATEMENT 
 
 suits, have extended to other cities and states. In New Hamp- 
 shire, "An Act for the Better Observance of the Sabbath" was 
 passed July 3, 1860, which provides that " no person shall keep 
 open his shop, warehouse, cellar, restaurator, or workshop for 
 the reception of company, or shall sell, or expose for sale, any 
 merchandise whatever," under a penalty of not more than ten 
 dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding thirty days ; the Act to 
 be enforced in such towns as shall adopt the same by a majority 
 vote. 
 
 In Connecticut, a law w^as passed, at the last session of the 
 legislature, prohibiting the opening of lager-beer saloons on 
 Sunday, under a penalty of forty dollars for each offence. 
 
 In Pennsylvania, the attempt to modify or repeal the Sunday 
 laws elicited an adverse report from the committee of the legis- 
 lature on vice and immorality, which demonstrated that to 
 repeal Sunday laws would be absolutely oppressive to a large 
 mass of the labouring people, would tend to the increase of 
 vice, would be repugnant to the moral sensibilities of the great 
 mass of the best citizens throughout the state, and directly 
 opposed to the Word of God. 
 
 In Baltimore, Maryland, a most remarkable reform has been 
 effected in the condition of public morals. It is thus sketched 
 by the correspondent of the Daily Times: — " There was a time 
 when lawlessness ran riot ; when human life was insecure ; when 
 the elective franchise had become a mockery, and immorality of 
 every kind walked abroad. Idleness, drunkenness, vagrancy, 
 coupled with bloodshed, murder, rapine, and a thousand other 
 evils, were common- place. Now, thank Providence, the scene is 
 changed. We have sobriety, with most of its concomitants. 
 No murders are recorded ; robberies seldom occur. Grog-shops 
 and hotels, without distinction, are closed on Sundays. . . . Lager- 
 heer resorts are all closed, and the consequence is, our sacred day 
 of rest passes off devoutly, soberly, and free from violence. All 
 places of business . . . are compelled to suspend operations. . . . 
 Baltimore may be set down as amongst the most orderly cities 
 in America." 
 
 In Cincinnati, St. Louis, California, also, the same results have 
 followed in the train of a better observance of the Sunday Kest, 
 and abundantly prove, that Sunday laws are "the strongest 
 guarantees of free institutions, are most wholesome checks upon 
 licentiousness and dissipation, and are the surest safeguards
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 39 
 
 against pauperism and crime, which must necessarily undermine 
 and ultimately destroy the liberty of any people \'" 
 
 Your Committee received the following most interesting and 
 encouraging letters from the Rev. R. S. Cook, the Secretary 
 of the Sabbath Committee of New York, dated respectively 
 December 30, 1862, and May 7, 1863. 
 
 "Office of the Sub-Committee, New York, Dec. 30, 1862. 
 
 "Rev. and dear Sir, — Among the unfinished work of the year now 
 drawing to a close, I find your valuable, but unanswered, letter of Sept. 29th. 
 I should reproach myself for apparent neglect, but that other duties have 
 crowded upon me ; and the promised packet of papers and sermons only 
 reached me a few days ago. It is not too late, I trust, to acknowledge your 
 great kindness in forwarding these valuable documents, and in preceding 
 them with so genial and precious a note. 
 
 " You will not blame me, I am sure, for having paragraphed some por- 
 tions of your note in our leading journals, nor for having sent Dr. Words- 
 worth's exquisite ' Hymn for Svuiday ' on its errand of love over our broad 
 country. You were kind enough to tell me the sweet story of your in- 
 troduction to that hymn. Let me tell you an incident, received from a 
 friend this very morning, of its wider introduction here. A fortnight ago, 
 —immediately after it reached me, indeed, — I wrote a few lines as to its 
 authorship, and sent the hymn to the New York Observer. My excellent 
 friend and fellow-labourer, the President of the Panama Railway Company, 
 knowing my initials, sent me this morning a copy of the hymn, with this 
 note : — ' The following statement will interest you. At the prayer-meeting, 
 in our Mission Chapel, Seventh Avenue, a week ago last evening, one of the 
 brethren asked permission to read the " following hymn from the Observer." 
 He then read Dr. Wordsworth's beautiful Hymn on the Sabbath, without 
 the slightest idea to whom the initials R. S. C. belonged. He closed by 
 remarking that he intended to have the hymn printed, and that he should 
 request it might be sung at the meeting to be held the following Sunday 
 evening. True to his word, he was present at the time appointed, and 
 distributed copies among the audience, by whom it was simg,' &c. 
 
 " I enclose the handbill thus extemporized. One hundred or more of 
 religious newspapers will catch up this gem of sacred song; it will pass 
 into onr Hymn-book collections ; it will pass into the hymnology of our 
 churches and families, and long after Dr. Wordsworth has gone to Heaven, 
 his Sunday Hymn will be sung by American Christians. Please tell him 
 
 this for his encouragement in the service of his Divine Master ^ 
 
 Another enterprise, for supplying our clergy and leading laymen with text- 
 books on the Sabbath question, has been fairly begun, I have presented 
 about 800 copies of the volume of Sabbath Sermons to as many clerical 
 
 1 Vid. Sabbath Documents, Sabbath and the Pulpit Resolution of 2000 
 Germans in Cowper Institute, New York. 
 " Vid. p. 5.
 
 40 STATEMENT 
 
 delegates to our great ecclesiastical bodies ; and Gilfillan's excellent book 
 on the Sabbath will be published by the American Tract Society in the 
 spring, when we hope to secure means for giving a copj' to every accessible 
 minister of Christ's Gospel, — say 15,000 or 20,000. The plates of this work 
 (630 pp.) were presented to our Committee by John Henderson, Esq., of 
 Glasgow, brought out without charge by the Cunard Company, and entered 
 without duties by our Government. We hope to promote the intelligent 
 
 and efficient co-operation of the pulpit by this movement I shall 
 
 esteem it as a favour to be kept apprised of your movements. I will send 
 our documents as they are issued. 
 
 "Fraternally and truly, 
 
 " Your fellow-labourer in a blessed cause, 
 "Rev. Alfred Jones." " R, S. Cook, Secretary. 
 
 " Office of the Sub-Committee, 5, Bible House, 
 New York, May 7, 1863. 
 
 " Rev. and dear Sir, — Your fraternal and most valuable letter of the 
 9th ultimo came just in time for our Biennial Meeting of the 26th. I took 
 the liberty of reading a considerable portion of it in the presence of some 
 1500 or 1800 of our most intelligent Christian citizens; and then we sung 
 Dr. Wordsworth's admirable hymn, as did the entire congregation, with 
 great zest, copies being placed in all the pews, and all taken home for 
 preservation. I stated or read its interesting history. Would that you and 
 your friend of Westminster Abbey could have witnessed the scene ! 
 
 " It is a great comfort to learn that our humble elForts contribute to the 
 encouragement of fellow-labourers of the Lord's Day across the water. In 
 these times of jealousies and heart-burnings, how precious to find an atmo- 
 sphere of peace and unity! And your generous appreciation of our Sabbath 
 Literature is most gratifying. Perhaps you underrate the admirable writings 
 on this question your own country furnishes ; we certainly prize them most 
 highly. If we have made any advance, it has been in the distinctness of our 
 views on the relations of the Sabbath as a civil institution. The peculiar 
 structure of our Government helps us a little in disentangling this somewhat 
 complicated matter; and we now have plain sailing in a channel strewn with 
 wrecks of reform. . . . We hope to bring together some hundreds of the 
 most influential friends of the Sabbath, say about Aug. 1, at Sai'atoga 
 Springs — our great watering-place — and to sit down calmly for three or four 
 days to a consideration of this great subject, in its various bearings on the 
 civil, social, and religious interests of our country and the world. It is the 
 season of general leisure. We hope to have several Papers prepared by 
 ' Representative Men ' of different Chi-istian denominations, lay and clerical, 
 which will form the basis of discussion, and which may then be given to the 
 press for popular circulation. Such of our public men as Bishop Mcllvaine, 
 President Hopkins, Professor Schaff", &c., will willingly undertake service in 
 such a cause, we think; and the whole demonstration promises to be the 
 most imposing in the history of Christian Reform. 
 
 " Now, my dear Christian brother, how could you, or any friend of the 
 Sabbath abroad, pass a pleasanter or more profitable month than in just
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 41 
 
 running over and sharing in the deliberations of this National Convention ? 
 You will learn all their plans for saving and sanctifying the precious institu- 
 tions on which we rest our self-governing polity. You may be sure of a 
 hearty welcome. ... I am delighted to leai-n that you are planning the 
 various organizations for Sunday sanctification into communications and 
 co-operation ; and you may rely on any aid we can give in this enterprise. 
 Would it be of any value to you, or Continental Christians, for our proposed . 
 National Convention to address a letter to the friends of the Lord's Day in 
 Europe, expounding the views commonly cherished here, and exhorting to 
 increased fidelity there ? There would be some propriety, perhaps, in such 
 a missive, from the fact that the bulk of opposition and hindrance to reform 
 in this country comes from European immigrants. . . . 
 
 " We shall have Gilfillan's admirable work from the press in a few days; 
 we hope to place many thousands of copies in the hands of our clergy, for 
 here as with you there is too much of ignorance and indifference ' where it 
 ought not to be discovered.' Thus far the secular and religious press has 
 been far more active than the pulpit, and there has been no essential loss, 
 but some gain, in this attitude of forces while we were dealing with distinctly 
 civil questions. Now, however, that we have reached a stage of the reform 
 affecting the religious observance of the Lord's Day, we feel the importance 
 of the intelligent support of the clergy, we confidently rely on it, and shall 
 use all diligence to make it effective. 
 
 " You will notice that we are gathering a library of Sabbatical writings, — 
 can you not help us in this project? It will be our aim to have a complete 
 collection of the English literature of the Sabbath ; as the reform goes 
 forward, discussions will arise, when our armoury will be needed. 
 
 " Excuse this rambling letter. My hands are very full. Would that I could 
 have a week's talk with you about this grand Sabbath reform in Europe and 
 America! Would that we could join hands in a movement to resuscitate the 
 Continental Sabbath, and secure thus a basis for evangelical effort, where 
 now there is none, and can be none without the Sacred Day ! 
 
 " Adieu ! My dear brother, 
 
 " The Rev. Alfred Jones." " R. S. Cook, Sec. 
 
 The progress of the Sunday observance in America, and the 
 wonderful results following the enforcement of Sunday laws — 
 seventy-five per cent, less crime and disorder — have given the 
 greatest satisfaction to your Committee, and encourage them 
 to persevere in their work with greater hope of final success. 
 America owes the day and all the temporal and spiritual bless- 
 ings of it to us, and she desires to unite with us in imparting it 
 to the nations. England sent that day with her sons across 
 the waters into the far West, and now its holy and glorious 
 light is reflected back again for the comfort and encouragement 
 of the Old Fatherland. The day is now the heritage of both 
 nations. Both observe and keep it, and in this matter are one. 
 And herein is a lesson for the rest of the world : the two busiest
 
 42 
 
 STATEMENT 
 
 nations of the world resting on God's Holy Day ; and the two 
 freest nations binding themselves with constraints for its ob- 
 servance. May their common love of the day, and their com- 
 mon faith in its Divine Author, unite the two nations in holy 
 bonds of Christian love and amity and a never-ending peace ! 
 
 XI. Conclusion. 
 
 From the foregoing facts, it is evident that the Christian 
 Sunday is a blessing of the greatest magnitude to individuals 
 and nations, whether considered politically, physically, or reli- 
 giously. To its observance foreigners of all nations ascribe our 
 national greatness, and they are right. The Day has made us. 
 We do not mean to say, the bare Day in itself. We mean, the 
 Day and all that belongs to it, the Bible and the free grace of 
 God through Jesus Christ, for it is the Bible's Day. Above all, 
 it is the Lord's Day. " This is the Day the Lord hath made ; 
 we will rejoice, and be glad in it." 
 
 " O day of rest and gladness, 
 
 O day of joy and light, 
 O balm of care and sadness. 
 
 Most beautiful, most bright ; 
 On Thee, the high and lowly, 
 
 Bending before the Throne, 
 Sing, Holy, Hohj, Holy, 
 
 To the Great Three in One. 
 
 " On Thee, at the Creation, 
 
 The light first had its birth ; 
 On Thee for our salvation 
 
 Christ rose from depths of earth ; 
 On Thee, our Lord victorious 
 
 The Spirit sent from heaven. 
 And thus on Thee, most gloi-ious, 
 
 A triple Light was given. 
 
 " Thou art a port protected 
 
 From storms that round us rise ; 
 A garden intersected 
 
 With streams of Paradise ; 
 Thou art a cooling fountain 
 
 In life's dry, dreary sand; 
 From Thee, our Pisgah mountain, 
 
 We view the Promised Land. 
 
 " Thou art a holy ladder, 
 
 Where angels go and come ; 
 Each Sunday finds us gladder. 
 
 Nearer to heaven our home. 
 A day of sweet refection 
 
 Thou art, a day of love; 
 A day of resurrection 
 
 From earth to things above. 
 
 " To-day, on weary nations. 
 
 The heavenly manna falls; 
 To holy convocations 
 
 The silver trumpet calls, 
 Where Gospel-light is glowing 
 
 With pure and radiant beams ; 
 And living water flowing 
 
 With soul-refreshing sti'eams. 
 
 " New graces ever gaining 
 
 From this our day of rest. 
 We reach the Rest remaining 
 
 To spirits of the blest. 
 To Holy Ghost be praises, 
 
 To Father and to Son ; 
 The Church her voice upraises 
 
 To Thee, blest Three in One^." 
 
 3 "This beautiful Hymn was written by the Rev. Dr. Wordsworth, Canon 
 of Westminster Abbey. It was transmitted to the Secretary of the Sabbath
 
 AND FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 43 
 
 XII. Gifts to the Committee of the Association. 
 
 The Committee beg leave to offer thanks to the Rev. R. S. 
 Cook, Secretary of the New York Sabbath Committee, for a 
 volume of Sabbath Documents ; a volume of Sabbath Sermons ; 
 a volume of Gilfillan on the Sabbath ; and 250 copies of the 
 XXIVth Doc. on the Civil and Sacred Sabbath ; also to 
 the Rev. Dr. Wordsworth for TOO copies of his Sermon on the 
 Christian Sunday; also to A. J. Vieweg, Esq., for 5,000 of 
 his Tracts ; and to W. Rivington, Esq., for 5,000 Posters on 
 Fair Play. 
 
 XIII. Finances. 
 
 The accounts have been duly audited and found correct, and 
 a balance sheet is appended to the Report. During the year 
 the old debt of 55^. for printing has been paid off. There is 
 now a balance at the Bankers ; but outstanding claims will 
 more than absorb it. The Committee therefore hope that inas- 
 much as heavy expenses must be incurred to secure by all legiti- 
 mate means the passing of the Tradesmen's Bill next Session of 
 Parliament, every Christian, every patriot, every philanthropist, 
 and every lover of justice and fair play, will aid them by their 
 contributions and their influence, that the Sunday may enter 
 with all its blessings into every home in the land. 
 
 Committee by the Rev. Alfred Jones, of London, and published in the ' New 
 York Observer.' An edition was printed, distributed, and sung in the Fifth 
 Avenue Presbyterian Church ; another in Mercer-street Church, and another 
 at the Biennial Meeting of the Sabbath Committee. Tlie London Religious 
 Tract Society have pi-inted it as a handbill from the American newspaper 
 edition ; and more recently, the Society for Promoting Christian Know- 
 ledge." — Extract from Doc. XXIV. of the New York Sabbath Committee.
 
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 XV. 
 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION, 
 
 WITH THE SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED. 
 
 ANNUAL. DONATION. 
 £ S. d. £ S. d. 
 
 Asaph, the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of 5 
 
 Aked, H. R., Esq 050 
 
 AUmett, George S., Esq., per John Rendall, Esq. 10 
 
 Bridges, Sir Brook W., Bart., M.P 
 
 Back, Rev. John 10 6 
 
 Back, Miss 050 
 
 Ball, Mr 5 
 
 Baxter, R., Esq 200 
 
 Bayley, Rev. E 5 
 
 Bechim, Mr 110 
 
 Bentinck, the Ven. the Archdeacon, and (late) Mrs. 10 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 2nd Donation 5 
 
 Betts, W., Esq 100 
 
 Bevan, Chas. J., Esq 10 
 
 Bevan, R. C. L., Esq 500 
 
 Biggs, Mr. Thomas 050 
 
 Brady, Antonio, Esq 050 220 
 
 Bridges, N., Esq 330 
 
 Browell, E. M., Esq 10 
 
 Burgess, Rev. R 2 2 
 
 Burt, Thomas, Esq 050 
 
 Buxton, T. F., Esq 5 
 
 CanterbuiT, His Grace the Archbishop of . . 10 
 
 Chelmsford, the Right Hon. Lord 110 5 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 2nd Donation 5 
 
 Garden, Alderman Sir R. W 5 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 2nd Donation . . 3 
 
 Cadman, Rev. W 10 6 
 
 Calcutt, Mr 110 
 
 Calthrop, Miss 050 
 
 Cazenove, Philip, Esq 110 
 
 Champneys, Rev. Canon 110 110 
 
 Chelsea, The Upper, Society for the due Ob- 
 servance of the Lord's Day 2 
 
 Clarke, Rev. J. M 5 
 
 Constable, Miss 050 
 
 Corderoy, J., Esq 110 
 
 Cotton, Wm., Esq 500 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 2nd Donation 2 2 
 
 Dalton, Rev. C. B 5 
 
 Davidson, Lient.-Col 050 
 
 Davis, O. H., Esq 050 
 
 Deacon, John, Esq 500 
 
 Desborough, L., Esq 10 
 
 Ebury, the Right Hon. the Lord 110 5
 
 46 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THK ASSOCIATION. 
 
 ANNUAL. DONATION. 
 £ S. d. £ S. d. 
 
 Egerton, Lord .3 3 
 
 Elliott, W. Tinibrell, Esq 110 
 
 Evans, Rev. John 10 
 
 Eyre, Rev. C. J. P 2 2 
 
 Farquhar, Sir W. R 5 
 
 Few, Robert, Esq 500 
 
 Fisher, J., Esq 050 
 
 Freshfield, H. R., Esq 5 
 
 Fuller, Rev. T 2 2 
 
 Gomm, General Sir Wm 110 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation ... 300 
 
 Ditto, 3rd Donation ... 200 
 
 Gare, Mr 5 
 
 Godsell, Rev. George 050 
 
 Gosling, Richard, Esq 500 
 
 Grammar, Mr 
 
 Greig, Woronzow, Esq 5 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation .... 220 
 
 Gritten, W. R., Esq 110 
 
 Grove, Edward, Esq 200 
 
 Hamilton, Lord Claude 10 
 
 Hale, Ven. Archdeacon 2 2 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation .... 220 
 
 Hamilton, Rev. J. H 110 
 
 Hanbury, R., Esq., M.P 2 2 
 
 Hawkins, Mr 5 
 
 Hawes, Mr 2 6 
 
 Hinson, Rev. W 5 
 
 Hoare, Ven. Ai'chdeacon 2 2 
 
 Hoare, Henry, Esq 500 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation 10 
 
 Hoare, Lady Mary 500 
 
 Hoare, J. Gurney, Esq 110 
 
 Holdich, Rev. T. P 10 6 
 
 Howarth, Rev. H 2 2 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation 2 
 
 Hussey, Rev. J. McC 100 
 
 Jay, Mr 026 
 
 Jennings, Rev. Canon 3 3 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation .... 200 
 
 Jones, Rev. Flood 050 
 
 Joy, Mr 
 
 Kempe, Rev. E 110 
 
 London, the Right Hon. and Right Rev. the 
 
 Lord Bishop of 5 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 2nd Donation 3 
 
 Lincoln, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of . . 3 3 
 
 Llandaff, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of . 2 2 
 
 Lothian, the Most Noble the Marquis of . . . 10 
 
 L. M., per John Rcndall, Esq 10
 
 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 47 
 
 ANNUAL. DONATION. 
 £ S. d. £ S. d. 
 
 Laboucliere, J., Esq 500 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation 5 
 
 Lane, Rev. Charlton 10 6 
 
 Laughlin, Rev. J, W 
 
 Lavies, J., Esq 10 
 
 Lester, Rev. Dr 10 6 
 
 Lingham, Rev. J 110 
 
 Lister, Dr 5 
 
 Luard, Miss, per Gen. Sir George Pollock . . 10 6 
 
 Marlborough, His Grace the Duke of .... 3 3 330 
 
 McCall, Rev. W 5 
 
 Maclagan, Rev. W. D 10 6 
 
 Magiiire, Rev. R 5 
 
 Miles, J. J., Esq 500 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation 5 
 
 Miller, J. Taverner, Esq., M.P 110 2 2 
 
 Miller, George, Esq 110 
 
 Mills, Arthur, Esq., M.P 110 
 
 Minton, Rev. S 110 
 
 Monro, Dr 110 
 
 Moore, Rev. D 10 6 2 2 
 
 Morris, F. P., Esq 110 
 
 Mungeam, Rev. W. M 5 
 
 Nesham, Robert, Esq 110 
 
 Nolan, Rev. T 5 
 
 Pollock, General Sir George 110 500 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation . . 5 
 
 Page, Mr 110 
 
 Patteson, Rev. J 10 6 
 
 Paul, Mr 5 
 
 Poole, R. Stuart, Esq 10 6 
 
 Prothero, T., Esq 300 
 
 Rochester, the Lord Bishop of 5 
 
 Rendall, J., Esq 050 220 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation t 3 6 
 
 Ditto, 3rd Donation 2 2 
 
 Rendall, Mrs 050 
 
 Rivington, Alexander, Esq 10 6 
 
 Rivington, Francis, Esq 10 6 
 
 Rivington, William, Esq 110 500 
 
 Rose, the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, M.P. . 3 3 
 
 Sawtell, G. H., Esq 10 6 
 
 Shaw, Benjamin, Esq 110 330 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation .... 330 
 
 Sinclair, Ven. Archdeacon 110 
 
 Smith, Mr. J 110 
 
 Smith, R., Esq 500 
 
 Smithies, T. B., Esq 220 
 
 •)- To print 500 of the Addresses of the Association.
 
 48 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 ANNUAL. DONATION. 
 £ S. d. £ S. d. 
 
 Snody, Andrew, Esq 220 
 
 Snodv, Miss Helen 050 
 
 Sparke, Dr 10 
 
 Speiice, Rev. Dr 220 
 
 Spooner, Rev. E 5 
 
 Stevenson, Rev. T 5 
 
 Stocks, Rev. T. F 110 
 
 Sumner, Charles, Esq 110 
 
 Talbot, J. G., Esq 10 
 
 Thank-offering, A 050 
 
 Thome, John Mills, Esq., Sen 10 6 
 
 Thorold, Rev. A. W 5 10 
 
 Trevitt, Rev. J 
 
 Trewbv, W. J., Esq 110 
 
 Turner, Thomas, Esq 110 500 
 
 Udny, G., Esq 500 
 
 Vieweg, A. J., Esq 110 
 
 Vivian, Rev. F. H 10 
 
 Winchester, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of. 5 
 
 Worcester, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of . 2 2 
 
 Wallis, Rev. J 5 
 
 Webster, Thos., Esq 220 
 
 Webster, Rev. W 5 
 
 Woods, Mr. T 110 
 
 Wordsworth, Rev. Dr 3 3 
 
 Ditto, 2nd Donation .... 500 
 
 Wyatt, R., Esq 110 
 
 Subscriptions may le paid ioMessrs. Herries, Farqdhar, 
 and Co., 16, St. James s Street; Messrs. Williams, 
 Deacon, and Co., 20, Birchin Lane; or to the Bev. 
 Alfred Jones, Sec, at the Office of the Associatio7i, 
 8, Parliament Street, Westminster. 
 
 GILBERT AND RXVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN's SQUARE, LONDON.