V Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. o^i o ’-.j . • .'J r'-'> J'r* .'5 li- University of Illinois Library PEC 27 i96 OCT ^ 12 1977 ftS77 nm 10 l-tSo NOV 2 : 2002 L161— H41 « t I Huificiiities Pricer;^iijii Project THE ANCIENT IRISH NAMES OF PLACES AND THEIR MEANINGS. Dublin and its DeigDbourDood. Artane — 4i]A’oin (Aiirdeen), the little eminence. Atli^oe — the ford of the smiths. Arklow — a Danish name. Annaglieaskin (near Bray) — the morass of the eels. Allagower (near Tallaglit) — 4ilL a’ 5 AbAi|\, the cliff of tlie goat. Athy — Au-1, the ford of Ae, a Munster chief killed there. Bray — b|\i (Bree), a hill or elevated ground. Baldoyle — bAile ’OubgAOil, Bally Dhooull, the town of Doyle, or the black stranger, Balbriggan — bAihe biAOCAti, the town of Brecan. Ballinteer — bAlhe riA cfAei|\, the town of the carpenters. Bohernabreena — bocAp iia biuiigne, the road of the house of hospitality, which existed there about 2,000 years ago. A king of Ireland was killed in it by foreign marauders. Ballybrack — bAile bpoAC, speckled town, Belleek — bel leice, ford mouth of the flag-stone. Baradoge (stream) — bpA^A-oo^, a little gullet. Ballinascorney- bAile riA pgopiiAC, the town of the gorge, near the green hills. Barnacullia — bApp riA coille, the summit of the wood. Booterstown — a corruption of Bohairtown, or Dad town ; it stood on the road to Bray, called in old manuscripts, “Boh}r de Bree,” PRICE ONE PENNY. 2 ANCIENT IRISH NAMES OF PLACES, Bailey Light on Howth Head — This light house is on the site of an ancient fortress. Griffati, king of Ireland, resided there A.D, 9. The word bdile was formerly applied to a walled residence as well as to a town. Balrothery — bAile a’ proipe, the town of the knight. Ballybough— bAike bocc, poor town. Ballesk — bAike uipge, road of the water, Ballycorus — bAike true peopAtp, or the town of mac Orish, the Irish name of mac Pearce or Bermingham, Cabra — poor, barren land. Crumlin — Cpuim jlinn, curved glen. Castleknock — from cnoc, a hill. / Clonsilla — ckuAin fAikleAC, nmadow of the sally trees. Clongowes — cIuaiii gobAn, meadow of the smiths, Clondalkin — cUiAtn 'OokcAtn, Dolcan’s meadow. Cellbridge — Cibl -opoicro (kill drehed), the church of the bridge. Clonskea — ckuAin pceA^, meadow of the white thorn bush. Clontarf — cbuAirt CApb, meadow of the bulls. The Ooombe — Cum, a hollow place. Crossakeel — from caoI, narrow, a narrow crossing. Crockshane — Cnoc Scah, John’s Hill. Carnew — CApn tlAoi, Nee’s monument or heap of stones, Clonbrock — cUiAtn bpoc, the meadow of the badgers. Camac River — from cAtn, crooked. Clonliffe— cUiAin luib, herb meadow. Dundalk — ‘Oun ‘OeAbjAtn, or Dealga’s fort. This fort is a mile away from the present town, and is called Castle Moat. It was built by a Fir- bolg chief, Dealga. Drimnagh — at the green hills ; it means little ridges. Donabate — ■Oon’inAic ua bdro, the church of the boat. Dundrum — ‘Oun -oponiA, the fort of the ridge. Donnybrook, 'OoriinAC bpoc, St. Brock’s Church. Drinan, ’OpAigneAn, a ])lace aho anding in blackthorns. Donuyearney, ‘OomnAC CeA]\nAi 5 , Kearney’s church. Dunleary, Leary’s f( rt. 'Oun kAejAipe, King of Ireland when St. Patrick came to Ireland. Dodder River — OocAip — Doher. Dublin — “QubLin — Blackpool. Drumcondra, Conra’s ridge. AXGIENT IRISH NAMES OF PLACES 3 Di.lkey, D.ilk-cy (Dmish)— thorn island; the Irish is -oelsinir, meaning the same. Idie first fortress on the island was built by the Mile- sians. The Danes held it afterwards and fortified it. Dunshaughlin— X)omnAC SeciiAil, St. Seclinal’s church. ercen umda (Esker reea), a line of sand hills extending from Dublin to Galway, fixed as the dividing line between the territories of Owen More and Con of the Hundred Battles, when they divided the the island between them; the line started from High street, Dublin. Enniskerry— riA ycAi|\be, a rough ford. Pingal called from a colony of Danes who settled in that neighbourhood. Farrenboley — i:eA|\]\AnbuAibe, dairy land. Glensmole — l^leAnn ha ymol, glen of the thrushes. Glasnevin— 5lAr lleioen, the stream of llAeioe (Nee) a pagan chieftain. Glasthule— ^I ap UuacaiI, Toole’s stream. Glendalough -•sleAnu'OAlocA, the valley of the two lakes. Glasvullaun — ISIa’P a’ iinilLAiii, .the brook of th'C hill tops. Greenoge — ^piAiiog, sunny little hill. Glengarey ( Kingstown)— ^LeAnn ha gCAopAC, the glen of the sheep. Glenmalure — ^leAnn niAoluAip, the glen of the bare yew tree. piowth a Danish word, meaning head. The Irish name is bin eA-OAip. Tills headland was noted by Ptolemy in his voyage along the coast, and shown on his map. It was called after a Tuaha de Danan chief, Edar. Hinchoge— pmnpeos— the ash tree. Ireland’s Eye— Eye is a Danish word, meaning island. T’he Irish name is 1nip epeAnn, Innish Erin. Inchacore— 1nip iia gcopp, river meadow of the cranes. Kinsaley— CeAnn pAile, highest point of the salt water. Kilsallaghan— Coill cpAileAC^n, the wood of the sallows. Killiney — Cihh ingen heinin, church of Lenin’s daughters. Kilmainham-Cilll'nAignenn, St. Mainen’s Church; bishop and abbot there in the seventh century. Kish Light — Ceip, a wickerwork cause.vay. The first light was probably fixed on some temporary floating structure. Killakee— Coill a’ caoic, the blind man’s wood. Kilrnacanoge- Cill IPoconog, Church of St. Mochong. Kiinmidge — CoimeAt), a lookout, or watching place, guarding cattle, 4 ANCIENT IRISH NAMES OF PLACES. Lambay Island — from the English, lamb and Danish ey, an island. The Irish name is tlAcpAin. Leixlip — a Danish word, meaning salmon leap. Lusk — lupcA, a cave. Leopardstown (leperstown)— There was a hospital for this disease here in ancient times. Malahide — from niAeil, a whirlpool. Merrion — from meApn, a raised boundary. An embanked road connected this place with Donnybrook ; formerly the boundary of the j urisdic- tion of the Mayor of Dublin, in the early days of the English occupation. Maynooth— mAgnuAbAC, Nuat’s plane — called after a king of Leinster. Mullinahack — the dirty mill. Naul— An All, the rock or cliff. Naas riAp, meeting place, fair ground. The kings of Leinster, lived here about the 10th century ; ruins still exist. Oxmanstown, from the Ostmen or Danes, who built the town after the English occupation.' Ovoca River— It is so named on Ptolemy’s map. But the Irish name is AbAin mop. Phoenix Park — A corruption of pionn uipge, or crystal spring. The English altered this to the Greek word Phoenix. Portrane, pope llAcpAnn, the lauding place for Rachre, or Lambay Island Poulaphooka, poll a’ foucA, the enchanted horse’s pool or hole. Pill Lane, called from the pill (a river creek) which existed there before the Liffey was embanked. Puckstown— The town of the pookha. Poolbeg — Before the present sea walls at the Liffey mouth were built there existed a deep hole on either side of the river, capable of floating vessels at all tides. The one on the north side was known as the Pool, and the south side one as the Poolbeg, or little pool, hence the present name of the Lighthouse. Portlaw — popclAgA, the landing place of the hill. Portmarnock, St. xMarnock’s landing place. Rathmines— RAcmitiA, the smooth fort. Rath gar —RAC^eApp, the low fort. Rathfarnham — RAcpeApriAin, the fort of the elder tree. Raheny— Rac eniiA, Enna’s fort. Rathdrum— Rac ■OpomA, Fort of the ridge. ancient hush names of places, J Ring’s End, from ft.nn, a point or promontary. Kusli-«or eo, promontary of the yew trees. Kathnew-RAt on eo, fort of the ‘ree. Rinawaddee— Uinii no IIai-o, point of the boat. Scalp— See Atp, a cleft or cluibm. Shankhill-SeAnaLl, oldehnrch tyToole’s) house, Stillorgau— U 15 lopcAin, St. i.oican b Bishop of Dublin, 1172. ancient five great roads of Ireland, leading to Tara •, they ^^ele made • -ppond century This one was called slige CnAlAinn ; it passed ;: dX hy towards Bray. At Dublin it was called -K 1 r 'OiiVi 1 nrne the road of the river, Duv Im or Blackpool being thetm^gis^rto’ the Liffey near t.ie city. The ford of inuaU., which gave Dublin the name of t)Aile-ACA-cliAC, ib suppObOc crossed the Liffev about Ciiurch sireet bridge. Skephubble (Finglas), SceAg nA bpobul, the bush of the congieg a probable meeting place after MabS. Stapolen-Cij phAlin (Tee Fanlin), Little Panl’s house. .1 SI. »l.™ they yisited at Ivildare. ^ rvoiiml TaUindit-Parhalon’s colony, probably the hr.sl comers to settled on “the plain of the flocks of Edar,- which extended tom Tall-mlit to Howth along the coast, and was clear of loie,stbc sUtei 300 'years tney were destroyed by a plague, which kilip 10,000 in a week They were buried at Tailaght, which w-as called CAim LeAcc mum’cmepAntALoin-that is the plague grave ot Fiudialuns people. The nmniids seen there are their graves. Many of them opened, and found to contain biiiiiaii remains enclosed in tuns, bol e of these cun be seen in the museum. Terenure— Cin au InbAip, the hind of the yew tree. Ticknock (on the Three Rock Mountain)— C 15 ernne, the house of the hill. Vartry— pp cipe, the men of the territory— the tribes who inhabited that part of Wicklow in ancient times. 6 ANCIENT IRISH NAMES OF PLACES. OTHER PEACES. Armagh— niACA. Madia’s height. Ballinasloe — beldCA iia fluAi ford mouth of the hosts. Ballymote — bAile mocA, town of the high ground. Balia — bAllA, a wall. Banagher— beAiin ca]\, point of rocks (in the Shannon). Bantry — beAnn cpAige, Ban’s strand. Ballinrohe — bAile ah llotibA. town of tlie river Rohe. Bruff — bpug, a king’s residence. Belfast— belpeipptie, Bellfairsde, the river mouth of the sand bank. Buttevant — Boutez en avant (Push ahead), the French motto of the Barrymores. The Irish name is Cill ha mullAig, the church of the height. Carrick-on-Shannon — CAppAb, a weir. Clare — cIa|\, a board or plank bridge. Curragli— CU|\|\AC, a race course ; it has been used as such for ages. Cork — CopcAC, a marsh. St. Finbar founded a monastery, in the 6th centui_v on the edge of the marsli, called the Co]\cac mop ItluiiiAii, the great Munster marsh ; around it grew up the present citv. Carlow — Cecep loc, the four lakes (now dried up). Clones — cluAin eoip, Eos’s meadow. Cappoquin — CAppAC Coin. Con’s plot of land. Cloumacnoise — cluAin mic Boip, the meadow of Nois’s -on. Coleraine — Ciiil iiacahi, the cor/ier of tiie ferns; Clonmel — cLuaiii meAlA, the meadow of the lionev. Cashel— CAipeAl, a circular stone fort. Cavan CAbAn, a hollow. Castlebar — CAipeAl bApivAiJ, Barry’s castle. Dufferin— ’Oub cpiAn, the black third part of land Dungarvan— -Oun ^ApbAin, Garvins fortress. Droheda — “OpoiceA-o aca, the bridge of the ford. Gerry ^ — "Ooipe, an oak wood. Donegal — ■Quii ha n^All, fort of the strangers. Dingle— old name, -OAingeAn ui cuip, Hussey’s fortress. Dargle river — T)eAp 5A1I, red spots, from the colour of the clav. Edenderry — from eu-OAii the brow, the hill brow of the wood. Elphin — cMll pinn, white cliff. AXCIENT IRISH NAMES OF PLACES. V Fennanagh — inoriAC. Fermoy— FeA]AA m;ii§e, the men of tlie plain. Ferns and Farney -from FeApn. the a’der tree, abounding in them. F’ertagh — pepc, a grave, a place of graves. Garnavilla— 5AppAn a’ bile, shrubbery of tlie ancient tree, Gort — 5opu, a tilled field. Garryowen — ^ApbA eo§Ain, Owen’s garden. Glory river — from ^lop, voice, babbling river. Hill of Lloyd (Kells) proper name ihuIIac aici. Aiti’s hill, shortened to Mullaidea, and now made Lloyd. Hill of Ward -ulAccpA, in ]jagan times a great fair was held on the 1st of November called Sowan, Isle of man, called after Mananan mac Lir, a Uuaca ”00 “Oaiiau, celebrity. Kilkenny — Citb CAinnec, St. Cannech’s or Kenneths church. Kerry— Cl AppAibe, the race of cliAp, son of Fergus, King of Ulster. Killarney— Cibb AipneAt), the chiircli of the sloe bush. Kildare— Cibb -OApA, the church of the oak, St. Eriget’s cell was here under the shadow of a great oak, which lived down until close to the 10th century. Killkee — Cibb CAeiAe, St. Kee’s church. Kanturk — CoAiin cuipc. the wild boar’s head. Kincora — CeAim copAb, bead of the weir. Kells (Meath) ancient name CeAunAinip, founded 3991 A.M., by pAcliA PAnriAibchep, King of Ii’eland. It means head residence or ])alace, it was given by King Dermot to Colombkill in the 6th century and became a great ecclesiastical centre. The name was changed by the English to Kenlis and gradually to Kells. Headfort, the name of the estate clo->e by, is a literal translation of the original name, an old fort exists on it, and is said to be the ancient Ceannanus, Letterkenny — from beicip, a wet hill side. Lisdoonvarna — biop •oun beApriAC, gapped fort. Limerick — bmrnneAC, a bare piece of land. Leitrim — biAC •opunn. the grey ridge. Longford — bong phopc, a stronghold (of the O’Farrelley’s) Lough Erne, called from a tribe of Firbolgs named Ernai. Leinster — bAigen, layen. a peculiar shaped spear used by the first settlers. Lehinch — beic inpi. a peninsula. Mayo — flUnj eo, the plain of the yews. Monahan — lllmn oacau. fi'om nnnne a shrubbery. AXCTKXT IIUSTT XAMKS OF PT.ACFS. S Mallow — niAijeAllA, plain of tlie swans. Mnckross — the promontary of the pi"s. Meath — ITli'oe (race), nia\< 6 ' V CONTENTS ^ Prt^es*. The Fis’Ji Shcunh J e . — Copper Alley - Salihs Conr{ . /- C/S^ fSl MVcrljiirgh £i{rec/ ^ Tcir/jy Sc^iicire — IToey's Court , . . - JS' The Ccislle Bircet^ Temltrokz Court ^ S\v > > > ' ^ ^ ^ yto-/3') The TJdH'ie's Gate ^ The King's ]\[ills ^ Tam c Si (reet— Ckurck Oj M f .A dclrcuj - CogliUi's Courts Crampicii Ccuvt S'haco's CcurtL The Koijdl Till) liyi iSIctieCg ^ Ens Caee S'lnct -'Tenvple Bar.^^ Fotone's S Ireet^ Towne's ConrC^ Anglesey y/rect /39^-/C/ Tcirhcimeptf Sfree t -- /Set's JJ ole, — Essex Street . . ^ - / / . Ik/~10G The Hogue's — ■ lioggei^ Grce7^ — IViinnerg of StAt-Ci )'g — College- Crrceix — To't nil g Mull — Irish Col- Ggc of physicians — StatcLC of Kn^gMTlliam JIl. Ccirge's _ V/ CONT^EKW Pclffe^S Uospiia-l — Chichesicr- JJouse — PcLrlici-tneii( y/oiist loy-lTP Dublin A/ews^A/Ders 2-^4 Graf fail. Sire.ct ^ Jchi%i> i'oix's Cottrt---NcL Vt^C^itCll II OIL 6(1 Hoycil Irish Jlccicl > JMohs ivorth ^JCllclarc Etrect^ Ccote. Strccii, K\U clcirc Place - — IjCch s tcr^ licit be, . ■ ‘ "V ' , HI* -^3^2 The Cciihtclrcil of 'Xhorr's Cotirt ^ thoal - MoiiS<. Jjcin e. — CocliMill ^ochuT. Stride - The. Bctck.Luiit — The Tailors Mall ' ■ The Corn jyiarhci — The Ball - — The Ci'hj Gaols of JVcw Gale cm cl (he Blciek Dc,^- ' . . _Appeixclix ■ , , / ' In clcK • ■ ... D^be.rljsiieu 1,71 Coil {tn ts Contents cf Appendix App.No h Th^. Petition oj 3 clv id. La l(tiidi "• a. e^ <- ^ ^ ^ ■ C.^'^ ^ ^ it'^ '"/ Zt^'>^}‘^.'ze- yx. JOHN THOMAS (SlbJjRT, F.S.A. M.R.I.A. (from the IRISH MONTHLY FOR AUGUST.) There are in the hiatory uf letters few examples of perseverance in one branch of stU'Jy, and that one excltitje i.ttle general enthusiasm and enlist- ing few helper.s, comparable to tlie life-long labours of Mr Oiibert towards the elucidation of the true course of Insli affairs, especially for the last three hundred years. What De Msistre said of history in genera! duiintr that period, that it was a con- spiracy\gainst truth, is particularly true of Irish history. The accounts hitherto accepted had been for the most part published in London, and prac- tically under Governmeut censorhhip. The Irish side had never had an impartial hearing. Mr Gilbert’s thste for historical research de- veloped itself from Ins boyhood. He devoted all his leistn% and more than his leisure to the syste- matic study of Irish history and archselogy, and soon acquired a rare skill in deciphering mediaaval Latin and Norman French documents. As early as 1851 he publislied an excellent essay on The Historical Literature of Ireland,” the purpose of which was to make known to the public the works uf the Archrelogical and Celtic Societies of Ireland. This was followed in the next year by his essay on“ The Celtic Recordsof Ireland,” in which hegav© an admirable analysis of Dr. O’Donovan’s great work, ‘-The Atiuuls of the Four Musters,” pointing out its unmeiise value as historical material* , Mr Gilbert next occupied himself with the history of his native city. He contributed an ex- tremely interestir.g series of papers on ** The Streets of Dublin” to the Irish (Quarterly Review, uiiH^Ke ed]t«’)Hin^orTatH^ Joseph Murray, who is more completely forgotten than he de- . serves to be. Even before they had been collec- ^ ted into a volume they were made (in the Nation of November 12, 1853) the subject of an elaborate review, which is well enough written for John O’Hagau or Denis Florence MacCarthy, but the latter would, even in his prose, have betrayed more openly that he wa.s a poet. “ This remark- able series (says the Nation reviewer) is evidently only the accidental vehicle through which a wind warmed to entiiusiasm by its subject and filled to overflowing with the traditional and written lore of It eland has poured out of its opulence a poition of the spoils which it.s devotion and its industry have accumulated. In ordinary bauds the subject would have been dry and meagre enough ; it is perfectly wonderful all the mass of curious research and rare information the writer has contrived to hang upon this pivot. He has taken up our squalidest streets and dingiest alleys, filled them with life and movement, and clothed them whh the meaning and beauty of their prime ; and he has peopled the fair and pro- sperous city with her men of rank, her joieu of substance, and her men of genius.” If Denis Florence MacCarthy was not the author or this article, he expressed iu another form his admiration of hi* friend’s eerliest work. In our own Magazine, February, 1878 , ap- ' pearti] tlifc following sonnet “ written after reading Gilbert’s ‘ History of Dublin : — Long’ have I loved the beiiutj of thy streets, Fuir Dublin ; loujf, with unuvailiug vows, bighed to .alJ guardian deiti«.« who rouse The Spirits of dead Nations to new heats Of life and triumph ; — vain the fond conceits— Nestling like eaves-warmed doves 'ncath patriot brows— Vain as the Hope, that from thy Custom House, Looks o’er the vacant bay in vain for fleets. Genius alone brings back the days of yore ; Look ! look, what life is in Ihesa quaint old shops— The loneliest lanes are j-attliug with the roar Of coach and chair ; fans, feathers, flambeaus, fops Flatter and flicker through yon open door, 'Where Handel’s hand moves the great organ stops. The allusion to Handel in the last line is ex- plained by a reference to Mr Gilbert’s History of Dublin, vol. I., page 75, where it is narrated how thfc fii.st performance of the Messiah took place in Dublin under the direction of the great artist himself. Mi Gilbert’.s next work of importance was “The Histoiy of the Viceroys of Ireland, with notices of the Castle of Dublin, and its* chief occupants in former times.” As the “ former times ” are A.D. 1172-1509, it is evident that some additional octal os would be required to complete th« work ; hut of this single volume, which i.s out of print, the A wrote : — "This work leads us to hope that the history of Ireland is aDjut to be written anew — not re-written from old books, bristling with old prejudices, but from new sources, ! and by comparison of old and new statements, and I after due weighing of adverse testimony. . . .4 In illustrations of a past life, Mr Gilbert’s ivork is . very rich ; it is one of the ablest and most useful , books on Irish history that has hitherto come ; under our notice. ” [ Tne reputation gained for Mr Gilbert by these i works secured for him in the year 1367 the posi- : tion of Secretary to the Public Record Office of } Ireland, just then established. Lord Mayo. Irish Chief Secretary at that time, writing to the . Master of the Rolls on the 11th of December, 1867, expresses thus the opinion of the Marquis of Abereorn, the Lord Lieutenant : — “ His Excellency is fully aware of the talents and acquirements of Mr Gilbert and the peculiar qualifications which he possesses for diicbargiiig the dutie.s of hi.s office. It was in consequence of the knowledge of his claims in this respect that his Excellency deviated in this case from the rule which vvas observed in most - of the appointments in the Public Record Office, and selected him for the office of secretary, though he was not employed ' in any department of the public service at the time.” While occupying this office (which was after- ward.s abolished). Mr Gilbert wrote a letter which w'e have found ainvmg the papers of his friend. Dr. Russell, President of Maynooth. I venture to print it without asking the writer’s permis.sion, as one of hundreds of preliminary letters which he had to write before begiuning the preparation of another of his great works. Public Record Office of Ireland, Four Courts, Dublin, 28th Septeiiiher, 1871. Mt Deau Dr. Russell,— Q o\einuient has .authorised oue ptitijjcaiioii ox a series of pilotoaslucogripUic f»c- : siinlUs of National Manuscripts of Ireland under the clirectiou of the Muster of the Kolia, and the etUtorship hits heen eiurnstod to me. it is proposed to include in the Series copies 0 / one or more pages of the “Black Book of IJmerick,'’ and I wilce to ask you to be good enough to lend the volume for tills purpose —on the undei standing that it slia.ll be in Government custody till^eturned to you. Perhaps you would kindly name the pages which you consider most desirable to have copied. The Duke ot ]..eins ter will be asked to lend the Irish deed, on which you read so interesting a paper. I should take it us a great favour if you would name any documents which occur to you as suitable for the photozincograpliic series— as it is possible that you may know of some with whlcli t ivm not conversant. I read the entire of your feport on the Carte paper* with the greatest interest, and have to tliank you for ' the copy 1 received.— Yours very faithfully, J. T. GlLUfillT. Very Rev. C. W. Russell, D.D, Few of our readers are likely to add to their libraries the work referred to in the foretfoiug letter, for here are a few items from a recent hat ia>ued by M. H. Gill and Son, of “ scarce and valuable works on Irish history " : — Fac similes of National Manuscripts of Ireland, by J. T. Gilbert, M.E.T.A.. 5 parts, folio, half loan, complete copy ; scarce ; £16 16s. l''ac similes of National Munu- script.s of Ireland, by J. Gilbert, M.R.I,A. ; part I. (out of print and very scarce), half roan £5 5s, 1874. History of the Irish Confederation and War in Ireland, 1641 to 1649, containing a narrative of the Affairs of Ireland, by Richard Bellings, Sec. of the Council of the Irish Confederation, with cor- respondence and fac-simile documents of the Coii- fedeiation, and of the administration of the Government in Ireland, by J. T. Gilbert, M.R.I. A,, 7 vois.. half morocco, £10 10s. Cslendar of Ancient Records of Dublin, in the possession of the Municipal Corporation of that City (illustrated with fuc-similes), by J. T. Gilbert, F.Jh.A., M.R.I. A., 2 vols., 8vo., half roan, £1 15e, Leaving ctut Part Fiist of the “ Fac-similes,” which by itself costs five guineas, you would require nearly £3U to posses# yourself of these three works of i Mr Gilbert, and to the last of them another voluuie has since been added. The frugal reader will probably be content to exannue these rnognifi- | cent tome# in .some great public library, like that I of the Royal Irish Academy itself, and even the most cursory in.speetion of th'^se more than im- perial folios will excite the utmost admiration and , gratitude fur the Irishman who, in these not very j favourable times and circumstances, has persevered * through so many years in rendering such eminent service to his country. ' W^e think it is almost a pity that Mr Gil- • bert, as far as we are aware, has never stooped ' to give fragments from his vast stores ofj^ erudition in the shape of historical articles in tbej great magazine.^ and quarterly reviews, though his most popular work grew out of his contribu- tions to the Irish QmrUrly. He has reserved his strength for .substantive work.s. We have named only a few of these. Others are “Historical and Municipal Documents of Ireland, A.D. 1172- 1320 “ Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin and Dunbrody “ Registry of the Abbey, of St. Thomas, Dublin “ Jacobite Narrative of Affairs /| thiH is only one of perhaps hundreds ot sucn items which never appear in the lists of books, but which involve more labour and require more learn- inir thau many a pretentious volume. We trust that enough has been vaid to enable the reader to apply to all of Mr Gilbert s labours what the Irish Times said of one of them — “Ihe manuscript records now printed, annotated, and illustrated with such painful care, have lain un- resiardecl upon dusty shelves for many a year, vastly important as they are as contributing to our annals. By the publication and explanation of this remarkable history Mr Gilbert has raised the veil of obscurity, and given a fresh impetus to liistorical research. The documents reproduced ; have a bearing upon general English history, "and to a rare degree are informative re- '^apecting those underiying influences that moulded the minds of men of the time. For the present scholars only can estimate at its true worth the value of the patriotic labours that Mr Gilbert has devoted to the interests of Irish historic literature. These labours have been performed during a long series of years without ostentation, and in a spirit of earnestness that has never met with a sufficient recognition. The name of Mr Gilbert stands in the first rank of Irish contemporary men of letters, ■and the time has come when the services that he has rendered ought to be rewarded by some signal act of public recognition. Mr Gilbert haa re- ; 'covered for us very many records of the past which ; but for his intellect and industrious energy would f have lain for an indefinite period buried in ob- ji ? scurity. It is high time that hia life of labour ^ should be acknowledged by some special honour J which, though never self-sought, would, as a Hribute to noble merit, be gratefully appreciated by all classes of his countrymen.” j yiirr. ,rrfVA royal, IRISH A^A.DEMY. IMPORTANT PAPER BY SIR JOHN GILBERT, hetfyesterday evening at the Academy House, Dawson Most Rev. Dr. Donneli.v, Bishop of Canea, presided. ! Sir .Tohn Gilhert, LL.D., Vice-President of the ! Academy, veiul a piper enlitled ‘Notes on Bibli»,;.ap!,y, Notkss ou i-ublicUioi.^ by lv,sh i'„,. in cunnee.ion witl. m U| . 1 ^ ' centuvv ” He saw at a former niecung h. cn.nmuoi I catedto the Academy some detalD of Irish ^ 1 (m,a Dbe lime of tl-.e introbucliou of P""''"- ; ye»r 1599. lie now ptoposeil to bring I Ltice some particulars in relation to Ir sh blWwf rM>l !rgrrte.”i::ror^bor,ai^^^^^^^^^ Stnen'i" gr^iaior * A t\\s* i7th centiH'v there was little pTiutit*^? in fXl etSprthat winch w carried on at liub in, L"t'L«d‘iVrKh.g‘aPiS most hnporiant publication,, were «etei'.ns .rf the Isew HVstament and B'mk of Common Prayer in the lush hniiagrami Reoerts of 8ir John Davisin Law French. In siicc^e/sion to Fianktonas King’s Printer for Ireland, Lid on the recommendation of tne of London, a patent for the office of Brintei-‘ipnciai loi Tfoioiirl was in 1618, granted to helix Kingston, don of'^Soriers these ^'patmitees erected labours with tlie publication in 16^.0 of a tolio volume of S SatuJes of Inland with the ‘„Ts of Im “ Dublin, Printed by the Companm of St-.uonms o tl^^ Citie of London, Printers to the .K ng s f M iieatie Anno 1620. Cum Privelegio Regia fciiteei ” In the following year “ the Countess of 1 eni- brote’s Arcadia ” written by Sir Philip Sydney, was ^iS the iu.pri„l ilublra i-riuted by^^tb. tooriot °the«'"‘°"-et« ‘“taequemly publi,b.a \r Dublin worts by Sir J.-rmes '.Wo, Jarae-sUssner, Sir Richard Bolton, and Ihoraaa Uaa- rl Job The m>st of King’s Printer m Ireland was held in 1612 bv WUlias* Bladen, who in 1641 issued at Dublin Si edition oftL Psalter in English, now duhcult to Sid Hi 1643 the Irish Confeaeration established print- ing presses at Kilkenny and Waleriord, tlien undti theu judsMliction, and appointed chief printer. The type and machinery foi these fppcYr Eo have been’’ brought. fo“ ‘-landcij.^ A««_ £“"t or;!uglaT^ BvX, .stm cnpluycd to execute the Govenimental printing m Ii eland. He r=fSS‘S Serif ^hon was at the sign of “ ihe Ship, m Nt. 1 aui Churchward After Crooke’s death the appointment wL obtained by Benjamin Tooke.of London. AVith whom John Crooke was appointed in 1671. James it. XJV granted the otiice of King’s Printer in Ireland to James Malone, altoraan Catholic Alderman of Dublin, vVil- liaui III., on his expedition to Ireland, brought with him a printer iiiuuctl E I ward Jones, and a press, with which his publications were printed. After the ter- mination of the war in Ireland the post of Kings Printer was granted to Andrew Crooko, son of John Crooke already mentioned, in trust for his father’s children, and lie held the olhce at the end of the 17th cenlnrv. During the closing years of that century there ' were besides the Kiiig’.s Printer a few typographers i-i Dublin. 'I'liey appear to have been chietiv occupied with reprinting Kngli.sh pubhoations. Of these printers might be mentioned Joseph Itay, who piinted the first J)ublin newspauer, and puiilis led the original edition of M<)lyiieux’s “Case of Ireland. During the 17th century several books in connection with Ire- land were published in London. Numerous tracts and pamphlets, emanating from thence, werecirculaied for the purpo.se of prouioiing political aiul otiier objects Otlier English publications of the time were avowedly intended to expose what they designated the natural stupidity and simplicity of the Irish. He now turned to the next section— the bibl.ograpliy of publications | of Irish authors and in comieciioji with Ireland printed on the Continent in the 17th century. Most of these were in Latin, but some were in Irish, English, I'lencli, Italian, .and tlerman. '1 he place.? at which t hose wovks chiefly ajipeared were Antwerp, Bologna, Bolsano, in the Tyrol. Brussels, Cologne, Donai, Dunkerque, I- rank- fort Insbruck, Lille, Lisbon, Louvam, Lucca, Lyons, Madrid, Mein/.. Milan, Mens, Naples, Pans, Pragne, Passau, Rouen, St. .Malo, St. Ouier, Sfiira, hult/.- bach Trent, Vienna. SVurUburg, The books published at these piace.o varied in size from the folio to the octodecimo, in point of extent the greatest of them was the collection of the works of Denis bcotus in lO folio vc-ls., edited entirely by expatriated Irialiraeu, and nublisbed at Lyons in 16i9. Somewhat iatcr iii date were the folio vois. in which other exiUd Iii>a scboLirs, Colgan and Piemlng, transmitted to posterity surviving remnants of the ancient Gaelic literature of Ireland It mi»ht be added that few aurop..un publications or their^tge were now sought for with greater aviniiy, or ranked highei in money value, thin sonic books nu'dished ubroad by Irish edi^us of tlie 17th century. The Irish author.s v.li - wrote in Latin usually added to their names on the title pages the word “ llebernus Toe books in the Irish language printed wifhm this period were pnbiisbed at Buissels, Louvain, and Rome. Of books in English by Dish writers published on the Continent in the l7th century, two by CapUui Genild Barry deserved special notice apd were of extrem.. rarity Tlie first, a folio volume witli plates, published at Louvain in 1&26, contain‘;d a narrative of the lamou.s seigo of Breda at which the author with a regiment of Irish soldiers in the service of I^pain took an active part. Barry’s second work. alv. in folio, with Plate.?, issued at Brussels in 1654, was a discourse on military discipline with treatise on foriUication and fireworks. The author indicated hi-s nationuhty bj sr,vliug himself Caret Barry, Irish. In the Lre.ich lan- cm'age many puhlkaticns were devott^ to (h;.* Life and Purgatory of St. Patrick. A Ivench voiMou of the Ui-t u y of the Geraldines of Irclaiu., pubashed in io97 at Dunkirk, is. for its extreme ra.ily, imw r^arded a.s one o” the chief treasures of the bibh..phi.«M nf that town. In u similar category is the French r.anatiw of affairs in Ireland, issued in 1695, witfiout indication of the placo of publication or the name of the printer Of tlie works in Italian connwt^ with Sud were the actamut of the Battle of Benburb.^ 1646 ; Jolm de Burgo'a narrative travels; the voyages of l^^ttesta Pacicbclh, Ic^, noticcHl by bibiiograpi-.ers ; and Uie dascriptmii of^the reioiciiics at Rome by the Irish there on the but a of the Priuce of Wales. There were also large works in Itoliau on Saints Patrick. Brishi. Malachy and Silauu'’, printed at Bologna, \ eiuce, Naples, and Lucca. In German they had aversion of the travaU or riiouias ('arre, of 'Tipperary, who served as a xuiliLary chaplain to the as.“a.H.dn of Wallenstein Mr. J. R. Gavstin moved tliat the paper be referred to the council for publication. ^ Dr h'razer seconded the motion. He said very good work had been done about the Belfast prmting, and that was the only part that bad been wmKcd on with anything like real labour. bir JohnGiibeits paper wa.? an extosdingly valuable one. ■TH® IBISH TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 24, 1898, rri Sk Tciitcs,ru.cs^^^, “Lit /S9fi. I DEATH OP SIR JOHN T. I GILBERT. i — »» ! With deep regret we announce the death of Sir John T. Grilbert, the eminent historian and anti- quarian, which occurred suddenly yesterday after- noon. Sir John Gilbert was born in 1829, in Dublin, where his fatber was Consul for Portugal ajid Algarve. He was educated at Dublin and m ^iUglaiid. In 1867 he was appointed Secretary of the Public Record Ofiice of Ireland, an office which he continued to hold until its abolition in 1875. He edited “Fac-simiies of National Manu- i scripts of Ireland,” by command of Her Majesty the Queen. He was a governor of the Naciona’l Gallery of Ireland, a Trustee, on behalf of the Grown, of the National Library of Ireland, In- spector of MSS. in Ireland for the Roval Com- mission on Historical MSS.. Librarian and Member of the Council of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin ; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of I London, Trustee of the National Library of Ire- j l»n « much obscui'ity, cannot well he exaggerated. He was essentially a modest and unobtru- sive man, and for that very reason he never , ■ sought to dazzle or to astonish those who ' knew him by his erudition. But the very ' nature of his contributions to history will J show that he was a great intellectual toiler. \ He was one of the glorious band of workers , who, in Milton’s words, have “scorned de- “lighfs and lived laboj^ious days,” and posterity will award him the historian’s fiime. ( sre ) v:ir SIE JOHN GILBERT, LL.D., F.S.A. In Memoriam. A GOOD and gifted man who did a great work for Ireland has been taken away from us. Sir John Gilbert died on the 20th May, 1898. He had reached that very year of his life which we have noticed to be the last for several others with whom he was connected immediately or indirectly, by friendship or by community of tastes and pursuits — his friends. Dr. Russell of Maynooth, and John O’Hagan, the gifted lawyer and poet, and earlier Eugene O’Curry, and now Sir John Gilbert, all died in their 68th year. With regard to our illustrious friend— for we need not pretend to speak of him with the impartiality of a stranger — we have not obeyed the injunction of Holy Writ, iVh laudes Jiominem in vita sud. We have not waited for his death to pay the tribute of our admiration for his immense and most fruitful labours. Six years ago exactly next month, this Magazine devoted a dozen of its pages to a somewhat minute account of Mr. Gilbert’s historical writings, with as many personal details as we found in Men of the Time, We shall not repeat anything that was set down in that place, but we quote the summary furnished by The Weekly Register of May 28th. “ Sir John Gilbert, Vice-Presidentof the Royal Irish Academy, and one of Ireland’s most eminent historians, died suddenly, in Dublin, on Monday afternoon, while on his way to a meeting of the Academy. Born in 1829, in Dublin — in which city his father was Portuguese Consul— he was, in 1867, appointed Secretary of the Public Record Office, and held the post until its abolition in 1875. ^ He was Inspector of M anuscripts in Ireland for the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, and his magnificent edition of the National Manuscripts of Ireland is probably the work by which he will be longest remembered. He was Librarian of the Rojal Irish Academy, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, one of the four Trustees appointed by the Crown for superintending the National Library of Ireland, and Honorary Professor of Archaeology in the Royal Academy of Arts, Dublin. Sir John L Sir John Gilbert. AKT/E Gilbert devoted a vast amount of attention to the more recondite materials of Irish history, and, as a Member of the Council of the Royal Irish Academy, gave a great impetus to Celtic studies. His chief works are the History of the City of Dublin, the History of the Viceroys of Ireland from 1172 to 1504, and the National Manuscripts of Ireland. By his marriage with Miss Rosa Mulholland, Sir John Gilbert’s name became familiar to lovers of literature less “special” than that to which he himself was devoted ; and to Lady Gilbert we express the heartfelt sympathy of her innumerable friends and readers here in England, in this hour of her bereavement.” We may venture to add to this last allusion of the English journalist the remark that there is a touching appositeness in the exquisite lines which the same number of The Weeldy Register quotes as having been lately contributed by Lady Gilbert to'the American religious journal . The Ave Maria, under the title of “ The Invitation,” Beloved, fainting and footsore, Come into my garden ; Open stands the mystic door, And I am watch and warden. I alone, the janitor, Wait long by the open door, — I, your lover, am watch and warden. Have you lingered by the way ? Yet come into My garden, Even at the close of day. See, I have flowers of pardon In My hands to make you gay, — Wear My passion-flower, I pray, Beloved, come into My garden ! Happy they whom the Divine Lover invites thus lovingly to wear His passion-flower. They shall come into His garden. “ R. C.” in The Irish Tigaro states with absolute truth that “ in a day in which a great deal of scamped work passes muster, Sir John Gilbert’s writings are all marked by the evident sincerity and laborious research which they display ; ” and he adds : “ A truly great and honest man has passed away from amongst us, and our lives are the poorer by his loss, for not alone has a great writer ceased to entertain and instruct us, but a most lovable personality can no longer strengthen and delight us by his presence,” ( ) -yoa MOENING. A dream of brightness in the east ; pale moon And wan stars fading from a troubled | Quick stir of larks in corn, as, brushing by, They toss abroad the windflower’s frail balloon. Spill the rich nectar from the rose, and soon In ecstasy go greeting far and high The coming day. Wet bluebells, where they lie. Shake low from jewelled peals a welcome tune. Now dying eyes strain fast for a clear sight Of the fair hills, or one beloved face ; And ships, that sailed out in the dark of night. Send back again to each familiar place A passionate farewell. In the dim light, For morning meal the blackbird sings his grace. NOON. White pillars in the clouds, and searching heat That shimmers over far green fields. Hot kine ^ Knee-deep within the stream where broad leaves shine, 'Freed from malicious fly in cool retreat. Tired reapers ’mid the fresh sheaves damp and sweet Lie down to rest. Yon road like a grey line Goes glancing through the lonesome hills. Small sign Of life : a drayman bringing home his whea Plods through the rising dust with creating w ee s, And has no heart to sing or urge his team ; Oft to his parchment bower in frenzy reels The wa4 while the small bee, where heath-flowers gleam. On bloom and bloom alights, and sips, then steals, Still humming low, where cowslips droop and dream, Alice Esmonde. xxTft: Sir John Gilbert. Gilbert devoted a vast amount of attention to the more recondite materials of Irish history, and, as a Member of the Council of the Royal Irish Academy, gave a great impetus to Celtic studies. His chief works are the History of the City of Dublin, the History of the Viceroys of Ireland from 1172 to 1504, and the National Manuscripts of Ireland. By his marriage with Miss Rosa Mulholland, Sir John Gilbert’s name became familiar to lovers of literature less “special” than that to which he himself was devoted ; and to Lady Gilbert we express the heartfelt sympathy of her innumerable friends and readers here in Eugland, in this hour of her bereavement.” We may venture to add to this last allusion of the English journalist the remark that there is a touching appositeness in the exquisite lines which the same number of The Weeldy Register quotes as having been lately contributed by Lady Gilbert to'the American religious journal . The Are Maria, under the title of “ The Invitation,” Beloved, fainting and footsore, Come into my garden ; Open stands the mystic door, And I am watch and warden. I alone, the janitor, Wait long by the open door, — I, your lover, am watch and warden. Have you lingered by the way ? Yet come into My garden, Even at the close of day. See, I have flowers of pardon In My hands to make you gay, — Wear My passion-fl.ower, I pray, Beloved, come into My garden ! Happy they whom the Divine Lover invites thus lovingly to wear His passion-flower. They shall come into His garden. “ R. C.” in The Irish Tigaro states with absolute truth that “ in a day in which a great deal of scamped work passes muster. Sir John Gilbert’s writings are all marked by the evident sincerity and laborious research which they display ; ” and he adds : “ A truly great and honest man has passed away from amongst us, and our lives are the poorer by his loss, for not alone has a great writer ceased to entertain and instruct us, but a most lovable personality can no longer strengthen and delight us by his presence,” '"^78 The Irish Monthly. Instead of further extracts from the tributes of respect which Sir John Grilbert’s death evoked from all the prominent journals of London and Dublin, we shall content ourselves with citing the testimony of a private correspondent. “ He was one of the few really great historians of the age— great not only in his patient industry in collecting facts, but (what is infinitely higher) in his power of seeing the facts in their true relations. All the English papers have borne witness to this.” One of them — The Athenceum--vfhi\Q claiming him as “a contributor though at long intervals,” emphasised its tribute to his absolute impartiality and trustworthiness of research, by pronouncing Sir John Grilbert to have been“ an ardent Nationalist and a fervent Homan Catholic.” He was indeed both ; and he was also, as The Speaker says, “ a man of a keen sense of honour, admirable in all the social relations of life.” Ireland is bound to cherish the memory of Sir John Gilbert as one of her worthiest sons, who gave the persevering labours of a lifetime, with scanty enough encouragement, to the elucidation of her history, of many epochs of which a prejudiced and one- sided version only had been given previously. At the same time we cannot deny that England may claim a share in him. His father was an Englishman from Devonshire, who settled in Dublin and chose an Irish wife, Mary Costello. He was a Protestant, but his children were brought up carefully in their mother’s religion. This was not merely the consequence of Mr. Gilbert’s comparatively early death; for I have heard his sou repeat a remark made by the elder John Gilbert when giving his consent to the earnest wishes of his young wife : “ Well, however it may be for the next world, you are certainly not making the wisest choice for our boy as far as this world is cencerned.” This may have regarded the eldest boy Henry, for the child to whom his father’s name was given was only four years old when his father died on the ^Ird of August, 1831, aged 41 years, “No man fulfilled better the duties of his station, or ever left the world more deservedly regretted by all who knew him.” This sentence is engraved on his tombstone in Glasnevin, no doubt at the dictation of his young widow ; and, when she in her turn passed away many years later in 1870, her name is followed by the words, “ Mourned by her children, beloved by the poor. May she rest in peace. Amen.” Her family consisted of three boys (of whom Sh' John Gilhpvt. one died in infancy) and three girls. The last survivor was a devoted son and brother ; and after his obligations to his mother and sisters had been perfectly fulfilled to the end, his unselfish sacrifices were rewarded in the manner that these holy and affectionate souls would have most desired for him. Mrs. Hemans tells us very sweetly how “ The Graves of a Household’’ may be “ severed far and wide yet there is pathos also when the members of a household are not thus scattered but come one by one to take their place as tenants of one grave. So it was with Sir John Gilbert’s family : his mortal remains lie with theirs, not far from the original entrance to our noble city of the dead, which will soon far outnumber the city of the living. We have given the dates of the death of John Gilbert, senior, and of his illustrious son; and it is instructive to add that their respective numbers in the census of Glasnevin are 3,533 and 434,205. Father and son are separated by more than four hundred and thirty thousand. Sir John Gilbert’s grave is very close to that of liis dear friend, the poet Denis Florence MacCarthy. These names must not be forgotten in Ireland. The splendid tomes, royal octavos, and folios, in which a part- alas ! only a part— of the fruit of Sir John Gilbert’s vast researches is stored, can for the most part, but not exclusively, be consulted in great libraries. Though his services were in some instances enlisted by the State, and though the Corporation of Dublin showed a proper public spirit in engaging him to decipher and edit the ancient city records, his labours were in the main carried on at the cost of great personal sacrifice with a patient and cheerful enthusiasm that was truly noble. There is a phrase that has been often used, but never with greater justice than in the case of Sir John Gilbert : he has not left his like behind him. We will not trust ourselves to sum up the moral of this useful and great career, but will make use of the briefest within our reach. The Daily Express wrote thus on the 27th of May ; the cautious adverb that it begins with was altogether unnecessary, and with Dublin in the first sentence ought to have been joined the name of Ireland : — Probably no Irishman of this generation has contributed so much that is of value to the students of the records of Dublin as Sir John Gilbert. He was not alone a very patient and a very learned student of the old materials, but he had the gift of a The Irish Monthly. pleasant literary style and an eye for dramatic contrasts. His skill as a literary man had not the effect on him which such gifts sometimes have on those who delve into the past, for he was always accurate and painstaking. He searched through the old records with that enthusiasm which a life-long study made an easy task. To find some new light on the dark pages of Irish history was to him a sufficient reward for months of weary labour. He was earnest and very painstaking, and to the student anxious to learn something about Ireland he has provided valuable assistance. His history of the Streets of Dublin is not only valuable as a book of reference, but most interesting, and it is full of touches which show how much the author knew about the people and the place. The Calendar of the Dublin Corporation is unfinished, but the volumes which have been published are so full of information and so well arranged that it is to be hoped some- one will put in a more brief form the multitude of facts which are set forth. Sir J. T. Gilbert was unknown outside a small circle of personal friends, and he had no desire for that fictitious fame which is so dear to some pretenders in the republic of letters. He was an honest and a very hard worker, and he has left behind him a memory which will he regarded with a respect and admiration that will increase as the years pass by.” AN ARROW. G od sent an arrow earthward from above, I saw not then the wisdom or the love. I heard it rushing through the summer air,^ But closed my ears and shuddered in despair ; I closed mv ears, I would not listen then. In autumn came the dreaded sound again. At length no more the dart I strove to shun ; With whitened lips I moaned, “ Thy will be done.” On sped the winter, soft fell winter’s snow, I slowly bared my breast to meet the blow, Then turned towards it — swift the dart came nigh And struck me when I saw my mother die. Wounded and bleeding, at God’s feet I knelt. Blinded with tears ; nor pe^ce nor hope I felt. Till some sweet voice came whis| eriug in my ear : “ All whom He chasteneth are held mo>t dear. Tru^t thou in Him, nor at His will demur — To thee an arrow came, a crown to her.” Jessie Tclloch. ( 547 ) THE CITY OF DESIBE. IV /TY heart and I on a quest go forth, (Wind of the sea, bo still !) Bide east and west, and south and north, (Wind of the sea, be still !) We crave not pleasure, we need not fame. Nor yet to a crown aspire. But we seek the way which points through dame To the City of Desire. When you find the way and reach the gates, (Wind of the sea, be still I) What will you do with your loves and hates ? (Wind of the sea, be still I) Will you and your heart be more at peace When lovers of old enthral ? Will the wrinlde smooth and the throbbing cease. When your foes before you fall? How little you know, 0 friend ! 0 man ! (Wind of the sea, be still!) My heart and I have a better plan, (Wind of the sea, be still 1) We are not riding with hand on hilt At lover or foe to thrust. But to raze the walls Desire hath built And bury him in their dust. Alice Morgan. ( 548 ) sm JOHN T. GILBERT.* An American Obituary. M any more brilliant men have died during the century, few more really useful to letters aud history, than Sir John Thomas Gilbert, who recently passed away, at a sudden call, in Dublin. It is difficult, in this age of show and meretricious- ness in the field of literature, to appraise the merits of such a worker as he. For him accuracy was everything. In the search of historical truth he never spared an effort, no matter how laborious. Were it necessary to verify a statement of importance, arising in the course of any large work upon which he was presently engaged, he would travel to the libraries of Copenhagen, ■ or Upsala, or Cologne, to verify it by means of MSS. which he knew to be there. And in the exact placing of historical MSS. there was no scholar better versed. It was only necessary to mention the name of any authoritative historical work to him in order to learn where one should go to look for it. There was more, perhaps, of the archaeologist than the historian about this painstaking scholar. If what is styled the ^‘historical temperament” signifies the steadfast resolution to get to the bottom of the truth in all great questions of public import, no man was more highly endowed than he. But if what is understood be the faculty of Macaulay, the power to present great and seemingly commonplace occurrences in glowing and impressive word-pastels, no writer was ever more inadequately equipped. His style was entirely destitute of the Celtic adornment ; it was terseness and simplicity crystallized. And the most singular feature in connection with the fact was that the style was by no means the man in this case. The deceased gentleman was a Celt every inch — a man of wit and playful fancy, simple-hearted as a child, and fond of innocent, child-like gaiety. And it is perfectly true to * In adding to the tribute which our Magazine has already paid to the memory of this illustrious Irishman the following admirable notice from the July Number of The American Catholic Quarttrhj Review, we venture, without waiting to ask permission or make enquiries, to attribute it to the learned Sulpician, the Very Rev. J. B. Hogan, D.D,, President of Boston Seminary. This, however, is merely a surmise, founded ov. what seems to us strong interual evidence — Ed. I. Jh. Sir John T. Oilbert. 549 say that no man ever loved learning for learning’s sake more devotedly than he. He sacrificed his private means, his time, his health, in pursuit of the truth of history, and in especial in so far as it related to the sufferings of the Catholic Church and the Catholic people in Ireland; for no sincerer or less ostentatious upholder of the faith of St. Patrick ever breathed than this gifted scholar. Love of religion and love of country were his great characteristics. The name and fame of Ireland were as dear to him as to the most passionate patriot. It is well known that these proclivities of his were an immense obstacle in the way of his worldly success. It was only very recently that the priceless labours of this eminent scholar found any recognition in those quarters whose approval is essential to real success in all monarchical countiies. The Queen’s jubilee at last brought the title which the historian s labours had long before richly merited. He was sixty-eight years old when the honour came, and had earned the thanks and gratitude of the whole English-speaking world of letters for his masterly contributions to exact history. Sir John Gilberts principal published works are : “ History of the City of Dublin, 3 vols., 8vo., 1854-59; “History of the Viceroys of Ireland 1172-1509,” 1865 ; “ Historical and Municipal Documents of Ireland, a.d. 1172-1320,” 8vo., 1870; “ National Manuscripts of Ireland,” 5 vols., large folio; “History of Affairs in Ireland, 1641-52,” 6 parts, 1879-81 ; “ History of the Irish Confederation and the War in Ireland, 1641-43,” 2 vols., 1882 ; various Treatises on the History and Literature of Great Britain and Ireland, published by the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, London, 1870-83 ; “ The Chartulary of the Cistercian Abbey of St. Mary, near Dublin,” 1883 ; “ the Chartulary of Dunbrody AbbeY,” 1884; “ Register of the Abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin,” 1889 ; “ Calendar of Ancient Records of Dublin,” 1890 ; and “Documents Relating to Ireland, 1795-1804,” 1893. To the general reader the “ Street History of Dublin is the most interesting of all this series. It is a work almost unique. Not only are the various streets of the Irish metropolis treated of, but the individual houses of the streets, the famous personages who lived in them, the vicissitudes of each locality, and the famous events of which, in the course of centuries, they were the theatre. Without any pretence of style, we venture to declare 550 The Irish Monthly. this remarkable civic chronicle to be as entertaining a piece of literature as ever was compiled. For this work he was awarded the Cunningham gold medal of the Royal Irish Academy in 1862. A work of a vastly different character was his republication of the ancient MSS. of the Dublin Corporation. These precious documents, which are contained in the muniment room of the Town Council, embrace many charters — the original one of Henry the Second, another of Elizabeth's, one of James the Second's, and another of William the Third's. They are immense sheets of parchment, and all splendidly illuminated. The text of the earlier ones is in Norman-French and mediaeval Latin, and that of the latter in obsolete English. Mr. Gilbert's great forte was as a decipherer of theso almost esoteric scripts. He was versed in every form of abbreviation and every forgotten grammatical term of mediaeval days, and his renderings of those obsolete charters have proved of much substantial value to the Dublin municipality as well as of high interest to scholars and historians. It may be added that Sir John Gilbert's “ History of the Irish Confederation " has proved of immense service in the clearing up of the monstrous fables of the Cromwellian Chroniclers. The facts as to the pretended massacre are carefully inquired into, and the documentary evidence adduced dispels all doubts about the real character of that formidable political movement. On the publication of all these works, we believe we are correct in asserting, as we have had his own assurance as to the principal ones. Sir John Gilbert was a heavy pecuniary loser. But he never got discouraged, so great was his zeal for the prosecution of the truth and the interests of the Church and people whom he so ardently loved. Besides this depressing circumstance, he sustained heavy losses by reason of the failure of the Munster Bank a few years ago, and for a time grave fears for his health were entertained by his friends on that account. Up to that period of his life he had been leading a bachelor’s life, but it was at the time that his fortunes appeared to be darkest that one of those things happened which serve to remind us of the silver lining of life’s clouds. It was announced that he had married the gifted Irish authoress. Miss Rosa Mulholland — a fact at which every one who knew him rejoiced. It is consoling to think that the later years of the patient scholar’s life were lighted by such sympathetic companionship, and the thousands who have been captured by the Sit' John T. Gilbert. 651 charming novelist’s work will prize her all the more highly while they respectfully sympathise with her in her sudden bereavement. Sir John Gilbert held, the post of Librarian of the Loyal Irish Academy (an honorary office) almost continuously from the year 1864 until his death. He was born in Dublin, where his father was Consul for Portugal in 1829. He was educated at Dublin and in England. In 1867 he was appointed Secretary of the Public Kecord Office of Ireland, an office which he continued to hold until its abolition in 1875. He edited “ Eac-similes of National Manuscripts ofj Ireland,” by command of the Queen. He was a Governor of the National Gallery of Ireland, a Trustee, on behalf of the Crown, of the National Library of Ireland, Inspector of MSS. in Ireland for the Loyal, Commission on Historical MSS., Librarian and Member of the Council of the Loyal Irish Academy, Dublin ; Fellow of the Society of Anti(^uaries of London, Trustee of the National Library of Ireland, Hon. Professor of Archeology in the Loyal Academy of Arts, Dublin ; editor of a series of publications entitled, “ Historic Literature of Ireland,” and also editor in the collection of ‘‘ Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland. He received the Gold Medal of the Loyal Irish Academy, and was thanked by the Corporation of Dublin for his antiquarian labours. He gave an impetus to Celtic studies by effecting the publication of some of the most important manuscripts in the Irish language, now lying on the shelves of the Loyal Irish Academy, and forming a collection probably unequalled of its kind. This is a fact which ought to have more recognition among Celtic scholars than it has hitherto been accorded. But indeed he was a man who sought very little of the world’s recognition in anything to which he bent his unselfish mind. He sought for higher things than this world can give, and we sincerely pray that he has now found them. ( 552 ) GLA.YI8 ACROSTIOA. A Key to “ Dubi.in Acrostics.” No. 38. M),” that is, the late Judge O'Hagan, is the author of the following very clever bit of playful verse : Thus he said, but said it sotto Voce (for he feared mamma), “ I have taken for my motto, Glissez mats n'appuyez pas.'' Pleasant transitory fancies, Pic-nic, Croquet, Boat and Ball, Interchange of hands and glances, Lips, perhaps — but that is all. So his heart against the charmer .Deemed itself securely steeled, Such resolves are feeble armour When our fate is in the field. Need I tell you how it ended ? How the fish was brought aground ; ’Twas my first that he intended, ’Twas my second that he found. 1. Shriek ! I didn’t ; no one heard it, * Though a rhyming Scot averred it. 2. Home from carnage on the water For a little private slaughter. 3. I’ve forgotten Wordsworth’s poem, * ’Tis from Walter Scott I know him. 4. I suspect that Hebrews covet, And I know that Christians love it. 5. Water in a trifling hurry. Foam and Iris— Byron— Murray. 6. If he left her for another, * Pray does that make me her mother ‘r 7. Not a hunter nor a racer, What I want’s a steady pacer. 8. On a two-fold board I flourish, Now I smooth, and now I nourish. O. Two words of eight letters each ; evidently what was meant at first to he a mere bit of platonic ended at last The first of eight “lights ” begins of course with rand ends with Sir John T. Gilberfs Works. 611 patient entrusted to her care, down to the last case in which she saved many lives and lost her own. She died, indeed, a martyr to duty. During an outbreak of typhus' fever at Roscommon the services of a Dublin nurse were required. Miss Furlong, though she chanced to have had no particular experience of that insidious malady, felt hound to accept the post of danger when it was offered to her. Tier exertions were most successful ; I think that she herself was the only victim. To the surprise and grief of the friends who had watched anxiously the course of the disease, Mary Furlong died on the 22nd of September, 1898. Her life to the very last was marked by rare unselfishness and the most winning innocence and piety. The good people of the town, for whom she had more than risked her life, wished her remains to lie amongst them, and promised to erect a worthy memorial; but it.was deemed right that she should rest among her own. May she and they rest in peace. NOTE TO PAGE 548. List of Works hij Sir John T. Gilbert^ LL.D.y F.S.A.y M.li.I.A. [More impressive than the long account of Sir John Gilbert’s career in Tub luisH Monthly, Vol. XX., page 393, or the obituaries at pp. 375 and 548 of the present volume, is this catalogue of his published writings, which does not include much learned and laborious work in The Irish Quarttrly Review, The Athenceum and the various publications of the Koyal Irish Academy, etc.] 1. Historic Literature of Ireland, 8vo. .. .. 1851 2. Celtic Records of Ireland, 8vo. . . . . 1852 3. History of the City of Dublin, 3 vol., 8vo. , . 1854-1859 4. Public Records of Ireland. Letters by an Irish Archivist, 8vo. . . . . . . 1863-1864 5. Ancient Historical Irish Manuscripts, 8vo. . . 1861 6. History of the Viceroys of Ireland, 8vo. . . 1865 7. History of the Irish Confederation and War in Ireland 1641-1649. 7 vol., 4to . . . . 1882-1891 8. Contemporary History of Affairs in Ireland, 1641- 1652. 4 vol., 4to. .. .. 1879-1880 9. Jacobite Narrative of War in Ireland. 1 vol., 4to. 1892 10. Documents Relating to Ireland, 1795-1 804. 1 vol 4to. 1893 612 The Irkh Monthly, 11. Narrative of Maria ClemeDtina Stuart, 1719-1735 • 1 vol., 4to. . . 12. “Crede Mihi”; the most Ancient Eegister of the Archbishops of Dublin before the Keformation, A.D. 1275. lvol.,4to. 13. An Account of Parliament House, Dublin. 1vol. 4to. 1894 1897 1896 j" The above thu'teen worhs were published at the Author s expense. 14. Calendar of the Ancient Eecords of Dublin, in possession of the Municipal Corporation of that City, a.d. 1171 to 1730. 7 vol., 8vo., Maps and Illustrations ,, 15. Leabhar Na H-TJidhre. Eoyal Irish Academy. Facsimiles Manuscripts. 1 vol., fol. . . 16. Leabhar Breac, Eoyal Irish Academy. Facsimiles. Irish Manuscripts. 1 vol., fol. .. .. 17. Historic and Municipal Documents of Ireland. Master of the Eolls Series. 1 vol., 8vo. 18. Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin. Master of the Eolls Series. 2 vol., 8vo. 19. Eegister of the Abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin. Master of the Eolls Series. 1 vol., 8vo. 20. Facsimiles of National Manuscripts of Ireland. Published by command of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. 5 vol., fol. • • 21. Account of Facsimiles of Nauonal Manuscripts of Ireland. Published by Command of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. 1 vol., 8vo. .• 22. Historical Manuscripts Commission. Eeports Viz. : 1. Irish Corporations. 2. Marquess of Ormonde. 3. Trinity College, Dublin. 4. Lord Emly. 5. O’Connor Don, M.P. 6. Duke of Leinster. 7. Marquis of Drogheda. 8. Earl of Fingall. 9. Marchioness of Waterford. 10. Dr. Lyons, M.P. 11. E. T. Balfour, Esq. 12. Earl of Charlemont. 13. Charles Halliday, Esq. 14. Earl of Eosse. 15. Earl of Leicester. Einuccini Manuscripts at Holkham, Norfolk. 16. Irish Franciscan Manuscripts, Louvain and Eome. 17. Earl of Oranard. 18. Lord Talbot de Malahide. 19. Eichard Caulfield, LL.D. 20. Viscount Gormanstowr. 21. Manuscripts of the Irish Jesuit Fathers. 22. General Dunne. 23. Sees of Dublin and Ossorv. 24. Sir E. O’Donnell, Bart. 1870 1876 1870 1884 1889 1874-1884 1884 1870-1898 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. V.— MARCH, 1852. Aet. I.- -TEE STREETS OE DUBLIN. d Short Gtiide Ihrongh Dttblm, containing PracUcal Direc- tions for the easy Peramhnlalion of the City, and for the Inspection of its Public Buildings, Institutions, and Bstab- lishments; abridged from tlie Original Work. By Miaul Starratt, Esq., A.M., T.O.D. Dublin Browne and Nolan, 1851 . Various important works, published in the present century, have familiarized the world with the annals ol Bans, London, and Edinburgh. Although the literary antiquaries of hose cities have been actively employed m placing their local his- tory, in an attractive form, before the public, no attempt has hitherto been made amongst us to emulate the labors of the authors of “ L?s Rues de Paris,” or tlie “ Handbook of Lon- don,” by producing a work of similar character on the Irish metropolis. To render such a production of value and impor- tance, a considerable amount of investigation should be com- bined with an accurate knowledge of the general history of the country, and an acquaintance with subjects relative to which information is most difhcult to be acquired at the pre- sent day. Such are details of the various important events ot which the metropolis of a nation necessarily becomes the scene, illustrations of the state of society at divers epochs, ac- counts of localities once the favored resort of the people ot past generations, but now converted to far different uses ; no- tices of places in the city distingviished by their connexion with eminent natives ; together with many other matters ot VOL. II. — NO. V. ^ 2, THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. more thau local interest, ^vMch, although generally unre- corded by contemporary authors and subsequent corapilere, still serve more forcibly to illustrate the literary and social nroo-ress of a country than the elaborate treatises of philo- Sophie historians. tL acknowledged “y of ob aining acLrate information on such points lias evidently obbtructed the production of any important contribution to the the streets of Dublin. Hence, those writers who have even incidentally touched on this subject, instead of relying on the result of patient research among our manusonpt and printe documents, especially the ephemeral and >^"0 pobhcidions o the ancient local press, have in general based statonra^^ on the credit of tradition, which, although to more stable testimony, is too frequently j' mandthe implicit confidence of the accurate gator. In the Hresent and subsequent papers we trust to demonstra how for documentary evidence may be brought together from various authentic tlhugli obscure partment of our local history which has been hitherto suffered to remain a total blank. It is not, however, our intention to confine ourselves to an arid and meagre catalogue of names and dates. As far as practicable, we propose to enter on the details of many literary and historic points, connected ^Ab the varit localiLs of tL city, which have been ei her totally omitted or superficially treated of by former writers. To illustrate our remarks on this subject, we have selected a portion of the metropolis, which, from its present appearance, Luld at first appear likely to afford but a small proportion of iuteresting recollectious. ^ ^ Stretchiug iu a semicircular hue from the hiil, portion “which the Castle of Dublin is erected, stands hshamble-street, so called b'om hpig been the bcidffy where fish was aucieutly exposed for sale to the citize .. So early as the year 1356, we fiud bhiTip* uuder peualty of impnsoumeut, the sale ot fash au) there “the chy exLpt in the shambles, and at a proper hour of the day. tL forestalling of fish was carrmd to such an ex- . Lr.Si. period thotth. Oifa.. W„. .god 0 g bitantlv for it on fast days. To remedy the evil, tlie Jv u ■ appointed four commissioners to supervise the various har- i boms from Holmpatrick to Dublin, and to take special care ! all fish was forwl-ded for sale direct to tlie fish shambles ; they THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 3 were, moreover, empowered to enter the houses of suspected forestallers, and to imprison such as were thereof found guilty, in the Castle of Dublin. In the reign of Eichard the Second the street was styled ^Wicus piscatorius.^^ A portion of it appears, however, to have borne the name of ^‘'Both-streeV’ as, in 1421, we find mention of ‘'Me Byshamels,^^ near the Church of St. J ohn, Bothstret. Early in the seventeenth cen- tury it was called Eish-street,^"’ and at that period the build- ings on the west side did not extend, towards Skinner-row, be- yond the Church of St. John. At the north end of Eishamble- street, in the city wall, on the W ood- q nay, stood Eyan's Castle , so called from that family which in the fifteenth aimSteenth centuries held high offices in the city. In the seventeenth century this castle was known as Prouteforks Castle, and was used as a state prison so late as the reign of Charles II. The lower portion of the present line of street, extending to the Wood-quay, was anciently called St. Tullock’s-lane, from the Church of St. Olave, corruptly styled St. Tullock, which stood close to it at the end of Eishamble-street. A writer in the year 1587 mentions St. Tullock'’s as then con- verted to profane uses, and adds, that — In this church, in old time, the familie of the Fitz Simons was for the most part buried. The paroch was meared from the Crane castell to the fish shambles, called the Cockhill, with Preston his innes, and the lanes thereto adjoining, which scope is now united to Saint John, his paroch.” A fanatical Dublin author of the seventeenth century, who endeavoured to prove that Oliver Cromwell was a succourer of Eomish clergymen,^^ furnishes us with the following anec- dote : — In August, 1649, Oliver Cromwell came with his army into Ireland,^ and brought over with him one Netterville, a Ro- mish priest, supposed to be a Jesuit, who at his first coming to Dublin obtained a billet to quarter on Matthew Nulty, mer- chant tailor, then living in Fishamble-street, near the Conduit whereon the Pillory* then stood, signed by Oliver’s own hand. I anciently stood between Werburgh-street and I ishamble-streef.^^ir James Ware, auditor-general and father of the learned writer of the same name, died suddenly as he was walking through Fishamble-street, in the year 1 632. The Irish House of Com- mons, in 1634, “ordered one William Gowran, who had affronted a mem- ber of their House, to be carried immediately to the sheriffs of Dublin, who were required to cause him to be presently whipped in Fishamble- 4 © THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Nulty wanting convenience in his then dwelling-house, furnished a room in an empty house of his next adjoining for Mr. Netterville ; where he had not lodged many days, but Nathaniel Foulks (captain ofthe city militia, who lived at the Horse-shoe in Castle-street) came to Nulty, and challenged him for entertaining a priest who daily said Mass in his house. Nulty (being surprised at this news) de- clared it was more than he knew ; and therefore he speedily ac- quainted Netterville with what the captain said ; whereto he re- plied, ‘ I am so, and my Lord General knows it ; and tell all the town of it, and that I am here, and will say Mass every day.’ This Netterville was Oliver Cromwell’s great companion, and dined fre- quently with him. He was of the family of Lord Netterville of Ire- land, a great scholar, and delighted much in music.” Here, as early as the reign of Charles I., was the London Tavern.^'’* * In 1667 we find it described in an official docu- street, being the place where the olfence was committed.” The ‘‘ face- tious Tom Echlin,” a noted Dublin wit of the early part of the last century, was the son of a basket-maker of Fishamble -street. The late James Clarence Mangan, whose poetical talents and unfor- tunate career are well known, was born in this street in the year 1803. * The “London Tavern” appears to have been destroyed by a fire which broke out in 1729, in the “ London Entry” between Castle-street and Eishamble-street, the greater part of the houses in tliese two streets, as well as in Copper-alley, close to the back of the “ London Entry,” being then built of timber or “ cage-w'ork.” The iron gate of the passage through which the j udges entered the old Four Courts of Dublin, stood about ten yards from the present west corner of Fishamble- street, in Skinner’s-row, now called Christ Church- place. The widening of the upper part of the west side of Fishamble- street and the adjacent alterations, totally obliterated this passage, which was known as “Hell-” The following description of it appeared in a Dublin periodical twenty years ago : — “ I remember, instead of turning to the right down Parliament-street, going, in my youth, straightforward under the Exchange and up Cork- hill, to the old Four Courts, adjoining Christ Church cathedral. I remember what an immense crowd of cars, carriages, noddies, and sedan chairs beset our way as we struggled on between Latouche’s and Gleadowe’s Banks in Castle-street — what a labour it was to urge on our way through Skinner-row — I remember looking up to the old cage-work wooden house that stood at the corner of Castle-street and Werburgh- street, and wondering why, as it overhung so much, it did not fail down — and then turning down Fishamble -street, and approaching the Four Courts, that then existed, through what properly was denominated Christ Church Yard, but which popularly was called Hell. This was certainly a very profane and unseemly soubriquet, to give to a place that adjoined a Cathedral whose name was Christ Cliurch ; and my young mind, when I first entered there, was struck with its unseemliness. Yes ; and more especially, when over the arched entrance there was pointed out to me the very image of the devil, carved in oak, and not unlike one of those hideous black figures that are still in Thoinas-street, hung over Tobacconists’ doors. This locale of Hell, and this- representation of his Satanic majesty, were famous in those days even beyond the walls of THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 5 meiit, as a timber house slated^ a base court, a back building more backward, and a small garden in Pishamble-street."-’ In this tavern, Joseph Damer, the noted usurer, kept his office till his death in 1720. In a contemporary elegy we are told : — He walk’d the streets, and wore a threadbare cloak ; He dined and supp’d at charge of other folk ; And by his looks, had he held out his palms. He might be thought an object fit for alms. So, to the poor if he refused his pelf, He used them full as kindly as himself. Where’er he went, he never saw his betters ; Lords, knights, and squires, were ail his humble debtors ; And under hand and seal, the Irish nation Were forced to owe to him their obligation. Oh ! London Tavern thou hast lost a friend. Though in thy walls he ne’er did farthing spend ; He touch’d the pence when others touch’d the pot ; The hand that sign’d the mortgage paid the shot.” This maiTs history is curious, and although his wealth has been long proverbial in Ireland, little is known of the remark- Dublin. I remember well, on returning to my native town after my first visit to Dublin, being asked by all my playfellows, had I been in Hell, and had I seen the devil. Its fame even reached Scotland, and Burns the Poet, in his story of ‘Death and Doctor Hornbook,’ alludes to it when he says — ' But this that I am gaun to tell, Which lately on a night befell Is just as true as the deil’s in hell, Or Dublin city.’ As Hell has not now any local habitation in our city, neither has the devil — but I can assure you, reader, that there are relics preserved of this very statue to this day ; some of it was made into much esteemed snuff-boxes — and I am told there is one antiquarian in our city, who possesses the head and horns, and who prizes the relic as the most va- luable in his museum. At any rate. Hell to me, in those days, was a most attractive place, and often did I go hither, for the yard was full of shops where toys, and fireworks, and kites, and all the playthings that engage the youthful fiiney, were exposed for sale. But Hell was not only attractive to little boys, but also to bearded men : for here were comfortable lodgings for single men, and I remember reading in a jour- nal of the day, an advertisement, intimating that there were ‘ To be let, furnished apartments in Hell. N.B. They are well suited to a lawyer.’ Here were also sundry taverns and snuggeries, where the counsellor would cosher with the attorney— where the prebendary and the canon of the cathedral could meet and make merry — here the old stagers, the seniors of the Currans, the Yelvertons, and the Bully Egans, would enjoy the concomitants of good felloAvship— there Prime Sergeant Ma- lone, dark Phil Tisdall, and prior still to them, the noted Sir Toby Butler, cracked their jokes and their marrow bones, toasted away claret and tossed repartee, until they dieoops of all tongues and nations mustei , And so the harp of Ireland brings ^ Whole crowds about its brazen Arings. 17 THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. letter, issued from Molesworth's-court. The time had now arrived for asserting the great question of the independence of Ireland. It was now obvious,^^ says Sir Walter Scott, " that the true point of difference between the two coun- tries might safely be brought before the public.'’"’ Swift, therefore, hazarded this appeal to the whole People of Ire- land,^^ ^^in order,^^ as he tells them, to refresh and continue that spirit so seasonably raised among you ; and to let you see, that by the laws of God, of nature, of nations, and of your country, you are, and ought to be, as free a people as your brethren in England."’"’ ‘‘ This gives me an opportunity,” continues the Dean, of explaining, to those who are igno- rant, another point, which has often swelled in my breast. Those who come over hither to us from Eng- land, and some weak people among ourselves, whenever in discourse we make mention of liberty and property, shake their heads, and tells ns, that ' Ireland is a depend- ing kingdom;’ as if they would seem, by this plirase to intend that the people of Ireland are in some state of sla- very or dependence different from those of England ; whereas, a depending kingdom is a modern term of art, unknown, as I have heard to all ancient civilians and writers upon govern- ment ; and Ireland is, on the contrary, called in some sta- tutes ‘ an imperial crown,’ as held only from God;* which is as high a style as any kingdom is capable of receiving. Therefore, by this expression, ^ a depending kingdom,’ there is no more to be understood, than that, by a statute made here in the thirty-third year of Henry YIII., the king, and his suc- cessors, are to be kings imperial of this realm, as united and knit to the imperial crown of England. I have looked over all the English and Irish statutes, without finding any law that makes Ireland depend upon England, any more than * This passage seems to hare suggested Goold’s protest against the Union at the meeting of the Irish Bar in William-street, in 1799. “There are,” said he, “40,000 British troops in Ireland, and with 40,000 bayonets at my breast, the minister shall not plant another Sicily in the bosom of the Atlantic. I want not the assistance of divine inspiration to foretell, for I am enabled by the visible and unerring de- monstrations of nature to assert, that Ireland was destined to be a free and independent nation. Our patent to be a state, not a shire, comes direct from heaven. The Almighty has, in majestic characters, signed the great charter of our independence. The great Creator of the world has given our beloved country the gigantic outlines of a kingdom. The God of nature never intended that Ireland should be a province.” VOL. II. — NO. V. B 18 THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. England docs upon Ireland. We have indeed obliged our- selves to have the same king with them; and consequently they are obliged to have the same king wuth us. Eor the kw was made by our own Parliament ; and our ancestors then were not such fools (whatever they were in the preceding reign*! to bring themselves under I know not what de- pendence, which is now talked of, without any ground of law, reason, or common sense. Let whoever thinks otherwise, I, M B. Drapier, desire to be excepted ; for I declare, next un- der God, I depend only on the king, my sovereign, and on the laws of my own country. A proclamation was immediately issued offering three hun- dred pounds for the discovery of the author of this wicked and malicious pamphlet, containing several seditious and scan- dalous passages, highly reflecting upon his majesty and his ministers, and tending to alienate his good subjects of Ei'o- land and Ireland from each other. The Archbishop of Dub- lin and three other honest members of the government, could not be prevailed on to join in this prosecution of the writer, who had saved the country from the brink of rum ; and, al- though the reward offered was five times greater than had ever, at any time, been given for discovery of the most atrocious felony, no person was found to impeach the Drapier. Harding, the printer, was cast into prison, and a prosecu- tion directed against him at the instance of the Crown; the bill was ignored by the Grand Jury, despite the illegal violence and intimidation used by the corrupt Judgell hitshed, who gra- tified his resentment by unconstitutionally dismissing the Ju- rors for which he was loaded with the execrations of his fellow- citizens,t and attacked by the satires of Swift and his Partizans in so fierce a manner tliat bis death ensued shortly after. The next Grand Juries of the county and city of Dublin, presented all such persons as should attempt to impose Moods com upon the kingdom as enemies of His Majesty s government, and acknowledged, “with all just gratitude, the services ot * This alludes to the act called Poyniiig’s law, passed at Drog'heda m the reiffu of Henry VIl. which, although originally intended solely to Ihuit Hie powers of the parliament of the English Pale, was subsequently wrested in^^^ pretext for asserting the dependence of Ireland upon England. Its repeal was effected by Grattan and the Volunteers. f One of the most popular of the ballads sung in Dublin on this occa- sion was “an excellent new song upon the declarations oftheseveial THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 19 such patriots, as had been eminently zealous, in detecting this fraudulent imposition, and preventing the passing of this base coiii."’^ The struggle was terminated in September, 1725, by government relinquishing all further attempts at enforcing Wood^s patent. The Irish nation, as soon as they were dis- engaged from this warm contest, ‘'turned their eyes with one consent on the man, by whose unbending fortitude and preeminent talents, this triumph was accomplished / to the importance of the victory the tribute of praise was not unsuited, it was neither moderate nor transitory ; ' acclama- tions and vows for Tiis prosperity attended his footsteps wheresoever he passed ; he became the idol of the people of corporations of the city of Dublin against Wood’s halfpence,” and com- mencing, “ O Dublin is a fine town.” In it the following verses occur ; — “In full assembly all did meet Of every corporation. From every lane and every street, To save the sinking nation. The brewers met within their hall, And spoke in lofty strains, These halfpence shall not pass at all. They want so many grains. The tailors came upon this pinch, And wish'd the dog in hell. Should we give this same Wood an inch We know he’d take an ell. The shoemakers came on the next, And said they would much rather. Than be by Wood’s copper vext. Take money stampt on leather. The chandlers next in order came, And what they said was right. They hoped the rogue that laid the scheme Would soon be brought to light. And that if Wood were now withstood, To his eternal scandal, That twenty of these halfpence should Not buy a farthing candle. The bakers in a ferment were, And wisely shook their head ; Should these brass tokens once come here, We’d all have lost our bread. It set the very tinkers mad. The baseness of the metal, Because, they said, it was so bad It would not mend a kettle. Cod prosper long our tradesmen then. And so he will I hope. May they be still such honest men. When Wood has got a rope.” 20 THE lUISH QUAllTEHLY REVIEW. Ireland to a degree of devotion, that in the most superstitious country scarce any idol ever obtained ) a club was formed in honour of the liberator of Ireland, the drapier^s head* became a favorite sign ; his portrait was engraved, woven upon handkerchiefs, and struck upon medals, to perpetuate a fame which has long outlived such transient records: when^ he visited a town, the corporation or civil magistrates received him with honours which would have gratified a sovereign prince; even the representative of majesty found it difiicult to govern, but through the influence of the Dean of St. Archdeacon Coxe, Sir Walter Scott, Mr. Macaulay, Mrs. Mary Howitt, who claims descent from the coiner of raps,” and all other English writers who have treated of this ques- tion have given their readers to understand that SwifEs representations relative to the nefarious designs of Wood and his partizans were totally unfounded. On this, as on most other points of Irish history, the English authors are in error ; and in reply to Mr. Macaulay^ remarks on the absurd outcry” raised by the intended victims of dishonest projectors, we may well say with the Drapier, that ^^hose who have used power to cramp liberty, have gone so far as to resent even the liberty of complaining : although a man upon the rack was never known to be refused the liberty of roaring as loud as he thought fit ” We have been treated in this whole affair,” writes the author of the treatise “ De Origine Mali,” and in every step of it with the utmost contempt; endeavoured to be imposed on as fools and children, as if we had not common under- standino- or knew when we were abused.” Sir Walter Scott’s accounfof this matter is as full of misrepresentations as the * The “Drapier’s head” was as popular a sign in Dublm as Sir Is^c Newton’s in London, or Prince Eugene’s in Brussels. I his is alluded to in the poem entitled “Drapier’s Hill” “ when a nation, long enslaved, Forgets by whom it once was saved ; "When none the Drapier’s praise shall sing, His signs aloft no longer swing, llis medals and his prints forgotten, And all his handkerchiefs are rotten. His famous letters made waste paper This hill may keep the name of Drapier. Many of these signs were in existence down to the time of the Volun- teers ; the name of “Drapier” was also given to many ships belonging to the port of Dublin, ^ THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 21 other portions of his annotations to Swift^s works which he so incompetently edited. ^^It cannot be supposed/^ says he, " that Swift really considered Wood’s project, simply, and ab- stractedly, as of a ruinous or even dangerous tendency. There was, doubtless, a risk of abuse ; but, setting that apart, the supply of copper money which it provided was advantageous and even necessary to Ireland.” The latter statement is strangely at variance with the declaration of the Irish Com- missioners of Ee venue, who explicitly stated, in 1722, that there did not appear the least want of such small species of coin for change.” I confess it is to me a matter of surprize,” observes a learned writer, who has triumphantly vindicated the Drapier” from his libellous assailants, that the editor of Swiffs works should not have been roused to make some investigation into the merits of a case which so deeply involved the credit of his author ; it might, I think, have occurred to the most superficial observer, that the sense of a whole nation, unequivocally pronounced, and confirmed by the declarations of its legislative and executive authorities, as it was not a capri- cious vote, passed suddenly, or carried by acclamation, but a principle adopted from full conviction of its truth, and steadily persevered in, through several succeeding years. It was not a party measure, entered into by a few factious demagogues, for the purpose of vexatiously harassing the government, but a unanimous resolution of the kingdom, supported by many members of the administration, maintained by tlie warmest friends to the reigning family, and countenanced by zealous favourers of the ministers themselves. If the circumstantial statements contained in the Drapier^s Letters be untrue, if Swift could coolly assert deliberate falsehoods, or be influenced by such motives as are attributed to him by his biographer, instead of the character of a zealous and true patriot, he would better merit that of a factious and corrupt partizan. In his life, and in the introduction which has been prefixed to this (Scott’s) edition of those admirable letters, are passages which have a tendency to mislead rather than instruct the reader.” In the Drapier’s last letter, to the Eight Honourable Lord Viscount Mol esworth, dated “from my shop in St. Lrancis- street, December 24, 1724,” the Dean, in his assumed character, addresses Harding, the printer, as follows, shewing the low state to which freedom of opinion was reduced by THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 22 those who had at the Revolution put themselves forward as the advocates of civil and religious liberty “ When I sent you my former papers, I cannot say 1 intended you either good or hurt ; and yet you have happened, through my to receive both. I pray God deliver you from any more of the latter, and increase the former. Your trade, particularly in this kingdom, is of all others the most unfortunately circumstantiated , for as you deal in the most worthless kind of trash, the penny pro- ductions of pennyless scriblers, so you often venture your liberty and sometimes your lives, for the purchase of half-^crown and, by your own ignorance, are punished for other men s actions I am _ afraid, youfin particular, think you have reason to for your own and your wife’s confinement in prison, to your great expLse as well as hardship, and for a prosecution But I will tell you, Mr. Harding, how that matter stands. Since the press hath lain under so strict an inspection, those "h" a mind to inform the world are become so cautious, as J*®®? * .' selves, if possible, out of the way of danger. My custom, ® to dictate to a 'prentice, who can write m a feigned hand, “d what is written we send to your house by a black-guard boy. But at the same time I do assure you, upon my reputation, tha.t I never did send you any thing, for which I thought you ®®"'d Possib y be called to an account: and you will be '"y ''■‘ness, that I always desired you, by a letter, to take some good advice before you ventured to print, because I knew the dexterity of dea ers in the law, at finding out something to fasten on, where no evil is meant. • A name generally applied at this period to shoe.blacks and messen. gers who plied for hire. A contemporary Dublin song mentions « The little blaek guard who gets very hard His halfpence for cleaning your shoes. The manuscript of Drapier’s letters Jiy Hnhprt Blakeley and conveyed in a private manner to Moleswoit “ ‘'oif the evening of that day in which the proclamation was issued Blakely went abroad without leave, and there *®.f® ‘ that he had betrayed his master for the reward, nevertheless the Dean OTdered the dlrs to be locked at the accustomed hour ; Blakely returned home the next day, and altliough he expressed much frrowforthe offence the Dean, who remained inexorable, ordered linn to put off h ?^errand leave the house ; but, when the term of the mfonnation had expired, he was restored to his place. Some time caUed up hastily by the Dean, who commanded him ® ?o put his IJn clothes, aud come up to ‘xntSe and nished at this proceeding, he knew it was in va n f P®f "™®’j 3 “„ Stdtht‘2timr';:rris“tbtkM announcing that Eohert Blakely was no longer his therefore that he was ignominously Swift announced him to he virger of St. ^ worth, at that time, about £30 or £40 ^^hlcll he declared was conferred upon him as a reward fo.r his hdelity. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 23 I am told, indeed, that you did accordingly consult several very able persons, and even some who afterwards appeared against you ; to which I can only answer, that you must either change your advisers, or determine to print nothing that comes from a Drapier. I de- sire you will send the inclosed letter, directed ^ To my Lord Viscount Molesworth, at his house at Brackdenstown, near Swords but I would have it sent printed, for the convenience of his Lordship’s reading, because the counterfeit hand of my ’prentice is not very legible. And, if you think fit to publish it, I would have you first get it read over by some notable lawyer. I am assured you will find enough of them who are friends to the Drapier, and will do it without a fee, which I am afraid you can ill afford after all your expenses. For although I have taken so much care, that I think it impossible to find a topic out of the following papers for sending you again to prison, yet I will not venture to be your guarantee.” John Harding, the humble instrument of the saviour of his country, died* from the effects of the treatment inflicted on him by the government officials. His widow, Sarah Harding, was ordered by the House of Lords to be taken into custody, in October, 1725, for having printed a poem named Wis- dom’s .Defeat.’’^ This production, commenting on some cir- cumstances connected with the passing of the address to the king from the House of Lords, was by them declared to be base, scandalous, and malicious, highly reflecting upon the honour of their House, and the Peerage of this Kingdom.'’^ The sheriffs of the city of Dublin were ordered to direct the said scandalous pamphlet to be burnt by the hands of the * His fate has been chronicled in the poem entitled “Harding’s Resur- rection from Hell upon Earth,” which tells us that “ He’s brought to such a wretched pass He’d almost take the English brass.” Among the various productions of his press may be mentioned an edition in quarto of the “ History of the Lives and Reigns of the kings of Scot- land from Fergus the first king, continued to the commencement of the union of the two kingdoms.” This work, published in 1722, and dedi- cated to Lady Mountjoy, is a very creditable specimen of typography. A contemporary Dublin song, unknown to Swift’s editors, and entitled “A Poem to the whole people of Ireland, relating to M. B. Drapier, by A. R, Hosier, printed on the Blind Key by Elizabeth Sadleir, 1726,” contains some particulars relative to Harding’s fate : — “ To hearten him the Drapier sent to him in jail, To tell him, he’d quickly get home to his wife ; But scarce could he find one to stand for his bail. Which struck to his heart, and deprived him of life. But, now for the widow ; if some good man wou’d preach. In her favour, a sermon, scarce one in the town ; But freely (in order to help her) wou d reach, Some, sixpence, a shilling, and some, half-a-crown.” u THE lElSH QUAUTEKLY EEVIEW. common hangman ; and that they see the same done to-mor- row, between the hours of twelve and one, before the gate of the Parliament House, and also before the Tholsel of the said city/" The persecuted distributrix of political satire survived her imprisonment, and, in 1728, published the ^^Intelligencer, a journal, conducted by Swift and Hr. Sheridan. Cornelius Kelly, the best swordsman of his day, dwelt in Pishamble-street, in the early part of the last century. To him we indirectly owe Goldsmith’s charming play of She stoops to conquer the plot of which was suggested to the author by an occurrence, narrated as follows, by the Eev. J. Graham, of Lifford, at the meeting held at Ballymahon, in 1826 “ The scene of his celebrated comedy, The Mistakes of a Night, was laid in the town of Ardagh, in this immediate neighbourhood, as related in Otridge’s splendid edition of his works, and confirmed to me by the late Sir Thomas Fetherston, Baronet, a short time before his death. Some friend had given the young poet a present of a guinea on his going from his mother’s residence in this town, to a school in Edgeworthstown, where, it appears, he finished his education, of which he received the rudiments from the Reverend Mr. Hughes, vicar of this parish. He had diverted himself on the way the whole day, by viewing the gentlemen’s seats on the road, until the fall of night, when he found himself a mile or two out of his direct road, in the middle of the street of Ardagh. Heie^he inquired for the best house in the place, meaning an inn ; but being wilfully misunderstood by a wag, a fencing master, of the name of Kelly, who boasted of having been the instructor of the celebrated Marquis of Granby, he was directed to the large old-fashioned residence of Sir Ralph Fetherston, the landlord of the town, where he was shown into the parlour, when he found the hospitable master of the house sitting by a good fire. His mistake was imme- diately perceived by Sir Ralph, who, being a man of humour, and well acquainted with the poet’s family, encouraged him in the de- ception. Goldsmith ordered a good, supper, invited his host and the family to partake of it, treated them with a bottle or two of wine, and at going to bed ordered a hot cake to be prepared for his breakfast ; nor was it till his departure, when he called for the bill, that he discovered that while he imagined that he was at an inn, he had been hospitably entertained in a private family of the first rank in the country.” In Fishamble-street, till the year 1753, was the residence of Counsellor James Grattan. He claims our notice as fa- ther of ‘‘ The gallant man, who led the van of The Irish Volunteers:” THE STHEETS OF DUBLIN. 25 whose baptism is recorded in the registry of St. John’s Church, on the 3rd of July, 1746. It is a curious coincidence that Henry Grattan* should have been born in the street whence issued the Drapier^s letters, asserting those principles of Irish independence which he was destined to establish on a grander and more comprehensive scale than could have been anticipated by his father’s friend, M. B. Drapier whose memory he did not forget to apostrophize when, backed by eighty thousand armed volunteers, he rose in the Irish House of Commons, on the memorable I6th of April, 1782. I am now,^^ said he, “ to address a free people : ages have passed away, and this is the first moment in which you could be distinguished by that appellation.^’ — found Ireland on her knees ; I watched over her with an eternal solicitude ; I have traced her progress from injuries to arms and from arms to liberty. Spirit of Swift ! spirit of Molyneux ! your * His father was one of the seven sons of Dr. Patrick Grattan, Senior Fel- low of Trinity College, Dublin,” a venerable and well beloved clergyman, who gave them all a liberal education : and at the same time, says an eminent Irish divine, “ as I have often heard the old Bishop of Clogher declare, kept hospitality beyond both the lords who lived on either side of him ; tho’ both reputed hospitable. One of these brothers was an eminent physician, another an eminent merchant, who died Lord Mayor of the city of Dublin : the youngest was first a fellow of the col- lege of Dublin, and after master of the great free School at Ennis- killen. The eldest was a justice of the peace, who lived reputably upon his patrimony in the country. The three other brothers were clergymen of good characters, and competently provided for in the church. Two of them Swift found in his cathedral ; nothing was more natural than that he should cultivate an acquaintance with them. A set of men, as gene- rally acquainted, and as much beloved, as any one family in the nation. Nay to such a degree, that some of the most considerable men in the church desired, and thought it a favour to be adopted by them, and ad- mitted Grattans ." — “The Grattans had a little house, and their cousin Jackson another, near the city; where they cultivated good humour, and cheerfulness, with their trees, and fruits, and sallets : (for they were all well skilled in gardening and planting) and kept hospitality, after the example of their fathers. The opinion which Swift had of the Grattans will best be judged of by the following little memoir : — When Lord Car- teret came to Ireland as Lord Lieutenant, Swift asked him. Pray, my Lord, have you the honour to be acquainted with the Grattans ? Upon my Lord’s answering that he had not that honour. Then, pray, my Lord, take care to obtain it, it is of great consequeace ; the Grattans, my Lord, can raise ten thousand men.” A Dublin wit of the last century has chronicled their hospitality in a poem commencing : — “ My time, O ye Grattans, was happily spent, W hen Bacchus went with me. wherever I went ; For then 1 did nothing but sing, laugh and jest ; Was ever a toper so merrily blest 1 ’ 26 THE IRISH QUAlvTERLY REVIEW. rreiiias has prevailed ! Ireland is now a nation ! in that cha- racter I hail her ! and, bowing to her august presence, i say, Esto perpetua. She is no longer a wretched colony, returning thanks to her governor for his rapine, and to her king for his oppression ; nor is she now a squabbling, fretful sectary, per- plexing her little wits, and firing her furious statutes with bigotry, sophistry, disabilities, and death, to transmit to pos- terity insignificance and war.'" . . , n , . The General Post Office of Dublin stood m Pishamble-street unfirthTFaPST^'of the eT^ireehlh century. / ^ Post hofiits whre first established throughout the^ chief towns of Ireland in the reign of Charles II. A writer in 1673 makes the following observations on this subject : Though Dublin is not seated in the best and most convenient place, that is, the middle, yet it is seated in the second best, that is, over against the middle of Ireland; and directly opposite to the nearest passage into England, being Holyhead, twelve hours sail with a prosperous gale of wind, and about twenty leagues distant from this place. ' The first affords it an excellent conveniency for all manner of business to be transacted to and from this city C^s w^ell by water as land) into all parts of the kingdom, with as little delay L possibly may be. The other a rare advantage for the mam- tenance of traffic and commerce with England, and all other parts of the world, especially with the city of London, from whence (upon the least notice given) merchantable g^^s soon despatched hither, or into any other parts of this realm, as occasiL requires; and that with far more ^peed than former^^, by reason of the late erecting of post houses in /he pri - cipal towns and cities of this kingdom, which accommodates /I per- sons with the conveniency of keeping good correspondency /y way of letters, and that most commonly twice a week) with any, / the remotest part of Ireland, at the charge of eight pence or tv^ ehe pence, which could not formerly be brought to Pf ® twenty shillings, and that sometimes with so slow a despatch, as gave oIcasTon many" times of no small prejudice to All these conveniencies and advantages have so far the present splendour and great increase of (1073) may he justly conceived to be grown (within this fifty or sixtv 4S twice as larger and for handsomeness of building, be- , yondill compare, of wLt it might any way pretend unto m any 1 former age.” During the Irish wars of the Eevolution, tlie letters were despatched to the camp of General GinckeU from the General Post Office at Dublin, on the and Saturday. After the removal of the Post Office, the THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 27 buildings were converted to various uses. A newspaper* called the 'Flying Post/' was published in the Old Post Office Yard" in 1709; and subsequently a noted school was kept in the same locality by the Eev. Thomas Benson, D.D., * The following extract from a local journal of 1708, exhibits the spirit in which newspaper contreversy was then conducted : — “ Satan correcting Sin : Or an answer to a horse-heel rubber : who, in the late war in this kingdom was a Gassoone that followed the camp, tho, now sets up for an author and printer. As to this Irish Newsmon- ger, or Paris Gazeteer-G elder, he has and daily continues to impose on the publick by false and sham News, for which he hath been lately in- dicted at the Quarter Sessions in this city : He is a tool to the Papists by keeping them in heart, and hopes of great matters ; for he stuffs his Intelligence with false stories out of the Paris and A-la-main Gazettes. He, in his lying Intelligence of February last, said the Lord Galway was dead, which is as false as himself. Nay, that poor empty animal had the impudence to publish an elegy on the death of his Lordship, who is still alive. In short, that Billingsgate scribbler has imposed more on this city in one month, than he can make amends for in twenty years ; but tis hoped we shall not be troubled with him quarter that time.” The following document connected with this locality, and now for the first time printed, illustrates the manner in which ‘‘elegies” and “ dying speeches” were concocted in the early part of the eighteenth century : “ The Examination of the Revd. Mr. Edwd. Harris of Fishamble -street, taken before the Honble Wm. Caulfield, Esqr., one of the Justices of his Majesties Court of King’s Bench. Who, being duly examined, sayth that on Thursday morning last, being the 24th instant, Cornelius Carter, a printer who lives in Fishamble- street, sent one Sweeny, a servant of his, to this Examt, to desire him to write an Elegy on Col. Henry Lutrell, deceased, that ‘the Examnt. made answer hee could not, being an intire stranger to the life and actions of the said Col. Henry Luttrell, but that if the said Carter would send this Examt. a history of the life and actions of the said Lutrell, he, this Examt, would make an Elegy ; that in some short time after the said Sweeny brought a written paper to this Examt. as from the said Carter, to the effect and purport following, vizt., that Henry Lutrell and Symon were brothers, that Symon alwaies stood firm to King James’s cause, went to France with him and died there ; that Henry forsook his master, and betrayed a pass near Aghrim , that he was afterwards tried at Limbrick, that Tyrconnell and Sarsfield were of the Court Marshall ; that he abused them on his tryal and called them now-boys ; that he had 500 per annum from King William for his good services, and his brother’s estate ; that he kept several misses, and disinherited a sonne by a former miss, but left him £3,000 ; that he declared on his death-bed, he was married to his last miss, and left her £300 per annum ; that he made Lord Cadog- gan his executor with others ; that he was to be hanged or shott, but was repreived by the suddaine surrender, from that time till Tuesday the 22d of October, 1717. This Exmt. further sayth, that upon the receipt of the said paper, and at the desire of the said Carter, he, this Examt, did compose an Elegy on ye said Col. Henry Lutrell, and sent the same to the said Carter; that the said Carter, as soon as he heard that Col. Lutrell was shott, desired this Examt. in case the said Lutrell died, to make an Elegy on him ; and after the said Lutrell died, desired this 28 THE imsil QUAllTEllLY REVIEW. from whom many distinguished men received their education ; among them may be mentioned the Eight lion. George Ponsonby, the nncompromising and eloquent parliamentary opponent of the corrupt Union faction, and subsequently Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1806. The Crown Tavern” and the ‘‘ Post Office Coffee House” also stood in this street. Opposite to the former, was the office of the '^Dub- lin Mercury,” a newspaper published in 1705; while the latter, having been closed in 1703, was tenanted by Cornelius Carter, the publisher of a large number of tracts and broad- sides, which frequently brought him into trouble. In Pishamble-street was the residence of Sir Prancis An- nesley, who was created a Baronet in 1620, being the second in Ireland on whom that title was conferred. In 1628 he was advanced to the dignity of Baron of Mount Norris, by which name he is better known in history. During the Earl of Strafford^s administration he was tried by a council of war, and condemned to death for an unguarded expression uttered in the presence chamber of the Castle. The King^s letter, in 1636, informs us that it hath been held fit to cause his study door to be sealed up by the Committee, who have the cognizance of that business ; and it is likewise conceived that Examt alsoe to make the said Elegy. Sayth that upon the receipt of said paper from the said Carter, this Examt. delivered the same to two of his scholars, and ordered them to make a coppy of verses on the said Eutrell, which they accordinly did; but the said verses which the scholars made, being soe balde and virrulent, this Examt thought them not fitt to be printed, and thereupon this Examt made the said Elegy. Sayth he never made any Elegy before, but one upon the late Bishop of Derry, and never got a penny for writing either ; or for teach- ing the said Carter’s sonne, who is at schoole, with this Examt. The Examt. further sayth that on Thursday night, the 24th instant, he went to Carter’s owne house, to see if the said Elegys were printing ; and saw the said Carter at the press working off the said Elegys himself, and further sayth not. Edwd. Harris. Capt. cor me 30® die Octobris. 1717 W. Caulfeild. 1 00’ to prosecute next terme in Banco Begis, ” Carter appears to have been a victim to prosecutions against the press : in 1721 he was attached for printing the Lord Lieutenant’s speech to Parliament, and in 1727 he and his wife were imprisoned for publishing some false intelligence relative to Gibraltar. An account of Colonel Henry Luttrell, and of the circumstances con- nected with his death, shall be given in our notice of the locality where the assassination was perpetrated. THE STllEETS OE DUBLIN. 29 the view and perusal of his papers may be of use.’^ He remained a close prisoner in the Castle, until a royal pardon was granted to him in ]637. His son, Arthur, afterwards Earl of Anglesey, was born in Eishamble-street in 1614, and baptized in St. John’s Church. He became a member of the Oxford Parliament in 1643, was deputed as Commissioner into Ulster in 1645, under the great seal of England, and was the chief of the party to whom the Marquis of Ormond surrendered Dublin in 1647. In 1670 he was chosen president of the new council of state, having had a considerable share in bringing about the Eestoration, for which, in 1661, he was rewarded with the title of Earl of Anglesey. So great was his influence at that time that he is said to have declined the post of Prime Minister of England. He sat in judgment on the regicides, and was one of the three commissioners appointed to report concerning the settlement of Ireland : after which, in 1673, he was advanced to the great office of Lord Privy Seal, and died in 1686. Our limits will not here permit us to enter into an examination of his literary controversy with the Duke of Ormond and the Earl of Castle- haven. Several of his WTitings are extant ; but his history of the affairs of Ireland, during his own times, is supposed to have been destroyed, as it revealed unpleasant facts ; Anglesev, through life, having been noted for boldly expressing his manly and liberal sentiments. He was the first nobleman in Great Britain who formed a large library, which he did at great expense, intending that it should remain in his family ; it was, however, sold by auction soon after his death. This sale was rendered remarkable by the discovery in the EarFs collection of his autograph note in a copy of the Eikon Basilike, asserting that book to be the composition of Dr. Gauden ; a statement which has caused much literary disputa- tion, and is not yet finally settled. • In the last century, a large cage-work house, then known as the "" BulFs-Head Tavern,"" on the west side of Eishamble-street, was traditionally said to have been the residence of Lord Anglesey. The Bull"s-Head Tavern, kept by Pattin, was one of the most noted in Dublin. Early in the eighteenth century, a club for the cultivation of music,* known as the Bull"s-Head Society,"" was formed The citizens of Dublin have been long famed for their musical taste. In 1711, the celebrated Nicolini came to our city under the patronage THE IRISH QITARTERLY REVIEW. 30 liere, and held its meetings on every Friday evening; thesub- scriptioii was an English crown each, and after performing a concert, the members concluded the night with “ catch sing- of the second Duke of Ormond. The Parliament being then sitting and the town thronged with nobility, he was followed by crowded audiences. The “ Tatler” and Colley Cibber— no mean judges— have been lavish ^ their praise of the acting and voice of Nicolmi, who was engaged at the then enormous sum of eight hundred guineas a year by our countryman, OweirsTeny Xager of the first regular Italian Operas performed m E^nd As Suni’s visit to Dublin has not been mentioned by any writer on music, we are unable to determine whether he was at- tended with a full Italian company or not. An had been sun resided’in Dublin, His performance, we are told, consisted of a medley of his voice and the music of the trumpet. t^^is titne ran to Nevgate in i^^il for a year, at the expiration of released ^ ^ left the kingdom. Sir Constantine Phipps, which we conclude that ne ^ Whigs as a dangerous Xf^aturpemission ’which hf gave Twisleton to play in publte Tory, and the permiss forward against him by his pohti- ^irmrL«a‘A« Twisleton to men ^ performance at the Play-house ; commands. I did, iikewis^ f ^igtingnish his religion by buthavmgnogoodearformusick,!^^^ his sounding. Dr. L . cultivator of the classic music of Italy, (1710—1717) was an ar , -p ^pj^gg^j^o-rave, the accomplished which country he ^ ‘he friend of Swift, orgamstof St. s t^atne ^ any oflusage. Bc- was as .. literature, and that of his own profession (divinity) sides his skill in polite Uteiaiu ’,,51 foarnino- ; and had a thorough liewashighlydistinguishedfor™.— music.” knowledge and fine ^ himLlf used to' consult Dr. Eclin, on all Swift, not being a ‘ of the choir of the Cathedral. Arthur matters collected with the l^oown song S™nrrST.ir" THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 31 ing, mutual friendship and harmony The series of musical performances for each year was regulated by a Committee. The annual dinner of the Society was held in December^ the of “ Here in cool grot,” were famed for their musical tastes. To these individuals, together with Kane O'Hara, and Laurence Whyte, an ex- cellent mathematician and author of some poems of merit, may, we believe, be traced the foundation of the Musical Society of Dublin, early in the eighteenth century. Mrs. Sterling, the original Irish Polly in the Beggar’s Opera, was a most accomplished singer ; and Tom Walker, the original Macheath, was so well received in Dublin that he finally settled there. Pope, in his verses on Southern, styles Ireland, “ the mother of sweet singers much of the time of Dr. Arne, composer of “Rule Britannia,” was, as we shall hereafter see, passed in Dublin. In a future paper we shall give some account of Geminiani, Castruccio, Dubourg, and other eminent foreign musicians of the last century con- nected with our city. The Musical Society of Dublin held their annual concert in St. Patrick’s Cathedral, on the feast of St. Cecilia. This is alluded to in in the following verse : — “ Grave Dean of St. Patrick’s, how comes it to pass, That you, who know music no more than an ass ; That you, who so lately were writing of Drapieis, Should lend your Cathedral to players and scrape.’’s ? To act such an opera once in a year, So offensive to every true Protestant ear.” The allusion in the last line is explained by a sermon preached in 1731, by Dr. Thomas Sheridan — himself an inveterate musician — before the Musical Society, from which we learn that an attempt was made about that time, by the puritanical portion of the community, to abolish in- strumental music in churches. They were, however, unsuccessful ; and on the following anniversary St. Cecilia was commemorated with more grandeur than before. Purcell’s Te Deum and Corelli’s Concerto were performed, and a sermon suitable to the occasion preached by Dr. Sheri- dan, An unique copy of an original hand-bill of one of these performanees, now before us, bears the following title — “The Power of Music, a Song in honour of St. Cecilia’s Day. Occasionally published on the grand assembly of the Musical Society, at St. Patrick’s Church, this twenty third day of November, 1730. Dublin : Printed by Richard Dickson, and sold at the Globe Coffee- house on Essex-bridge, 1730.” In the Dean’s “ Exhortation, addressed to the Sub-Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick’s Cathedral,” in 1741, he says, “I do hereby require and request the very reverend sub-dean not to permit any of the vicars- choral, choristers, or organists, to attend or assist at any public musical performances, without my consent, of his consent, with the consent of the chapter first obtained. And whereas it hath been reported that I gave a license to certain vicars to assist at a club of fiddlers in Eishamble- street, I do hereby declare that I remember no such license to have been ever signed or sealed by me ; and that if ever such pretended license should be produced, I do hereby annul and vacate the said license. Intreat- ing my said sub-dean and chapter to punish such vicars as shall ever ap- pear there, as songsters, fiddlers, pipers, trumpeters, drummers, drum- majors, or in any sonal quality, according to the flagitious aggravation 3 ^ the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. season for their entertainments closed in May ; and the pro- ceeds were allocated to various laudable purposes. Some- times they were given to the Dublin Society for premiums, but more generally a Committee was appointed to visit the various gaols of the city and compound for the liberation of the distressed incarcerated debtors, large numbers of whom were thus restored to liberty ; for the same charitable object, plays were occasionally performed under the superintendence of the Society. In the BulFs-Head’" Tavern, early in the eighteenth century, the anniversary dinners and banquets of the various guilds and public bodies of the city were generally held. On such occasions, a congratulatory poem was usually presented to the assembled parties. Many of these documents contain much curious local information, but being of an exceedingly perishable nature, very few of them have been preserved. We have now before us one of those papers printed in red ink, on a large sheet of paper, bearing the following title : Poem in honour of the Loyal Society of Journeymen Shoemakers, who are to dine at ihe Bull’s Head in Fishamble- Street, on Tuesday, October the 28th, 1726. Being the anni- versary of St. Crispin. W^ritten by B. Ashton, S.M., a member of the Society. John Blackwood, Master, Thomas Ashton and William Eichardson, Stewards.'" Eobert Ashton, it may be here observed, was author of a large quantity of fugitive verses on various local topics ; he also wrote the well known play of the '' Battle of Aughrim or the fall of Monsieur St. Euth," relative to the author of which, former writers, and even the Eev. Mr. Graham, by whom it has been lately republished, possessed no information. The Bull’s Head” Tavern was also much frequented at of their respective disobedience, rebellion, perfidy, and ingratitude. I require my said sub-dean to proceed to the extremity of expulsion, if the said vicars should be found ungovernable, impenitent, or self-sufficient, especially Taberner, Phipps, and Church, who, as I am informed, have, in violation of my sub-dean’s and chapter’s order in December last, at the instance of some obscure persons unknown, presumed to sing and fiddle at the club above mentioned.” From an early period, a band of musicians was attached to the court of the Lord Lieutenant; they were presided over by the “Supervisor of the State Music and, down to a short time before the Union, a musical ode was always performed at the Castle, on the birth days of the King and Queen. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 33 this period by t]i e_lri_sli Free-Masons . whose history is as yet total blank, and such it should not be allowed to remain, for in the last century the philanthropic brethren of the CrafF" extended the generous hand of charity to the friendless, and drove penury and distress from the hearths of their afflicted brethren. James King, Yiscount Kingston, who had been the Grand Master in England* in 1729, was in 1730 the first who filled the office of Grand Master of the Irish Free- Masons ; and in 1731, at the BulFs-head Tavern, on Tuesday the 6th of April, he was again unanimously chosen and declared Grand Master for the ensuing year. Their Records further informs us, that « On Wednesday, 7th of July, 1731, was held a Grand Lodge in ample form. When the Right Worshipful and Right Honourable the Lord Kingston was installed and proclaimed aloud. Grand Master of Masons in Ireland, and was most cheerfully cono-ratu- lated and saluted in the ancient and proper manner ; His Lo °dship was pleased to appoint Nicholas Nettirvill, Lord Viscount Nettir- vill, his Deputy. The Grand Lodge (as is their ancient practice in Ireland) chose the Honourable William Ponsonby, and Dillon Pol- lard Hampson, Esqrs., for Grand Wardens, who were all declared, congratulated, and saluted. « Tuesday 7th of December, 1731. Grand Lodge in ample form. When the Right Worshipful and Right Honourable the Grand Master took the chair, attended by his Deputy and the Grand War- dens, the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Southwell, Sir Seymour Pile, Bart., Henry Plunket, and Wentworth Harman, Esqrs.; with many other brethren of distinction. The journal of the House, and several rules and orders for the better regulation thereof being read, his Lordship was pleased to signify his concurrence thereto, by signing them with his name.” Kodge-h alF’ of^ the Grand Lodge was held in Fishamffl ^treet m tKe ~year~ '1768, vrhen the Earl of Cavan was elected Grand Master. The following were the con- temporary officers of the Lodge : George Hart, Deputy Grand Master; John Latouche, Senior Warden; John Jones, Senior Warden; Holt Waring, Grand Treasurer ; and Major Charles Yallancey (afterwards editor of the Collectanea de rebus Hibernicis”), Grand Secretary. As the Dublin Free- Masons subsequently transferred their meetings to another locality where we shall, in a future paper, encounter them. * Another Irish nobleman, the Earl of Inchiquin, was Grand Master of the English Free Masons in 17*27. u THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. we must here postpone our further notice of their" proceed- ^^^riie Members of the Bulhs-Head Musical Society having raised sufficient funds by subscriptions, decided on erecting a hall for the performance of their concerts. This building was executed under the superintendence of Richard Castles, architect of Leinster House and other elegant edifices. On Briday the second of October, 1741, the Music Hall was opened for the first time, with a concert ^Hor tjie enter- tmnment of the members of the Charitable and Musical Society.” A ball was held in it on the next night, and fashionable assemblies” were continued there on every Saturday evening during the season, which com- menced in October, and terminated m June. At tins period, Dublin, owing to the presence of the resident nobility and gentry, and the numbers of people attracted to the seat of government, was one of the most brilliant and gay capitals in Europe. The citizens were noted for their attach- ment to classic music, and for the profuse splendour of their entertainments. As to pleasure,” writes a Erench tourist in 1734, every entertainment which has the authority otiashion in England prevails here, and some it may be, in a yet greater degree.” « There is hardly a family of any account m the kingdom which does not spend the winter evenings in gaming. ihe ladies are rather fond of this amusement than the men. that pretty innocent house diversion, hardly yields to that Mce in their eves. The gentry are not so fond of hunting _ and fishing as the English and other nations. Though there is no country in the world abounds with more, or perhaps, with so much game of all sorts, whether for the hound, the gun, or the rod, a^s Ireland ; witness their well-furnished tables, which for variety of good dishes, far surpass those of their neighbours, and are equalled only by the Germans and Poles. The empire of letters is farther extended than you imagine. There is classic ground out of Italy. The better to form a judgment of the taste of this people, in matters of learning, I have passed some shop, whereof there is a great many in the capital (Dublin). I found there is no city in Europe (ceteris paribus) where there are so inany good pieces printed, and so few bad. They do not believe th^, but it is because they do no know what is done in other places. ing and books are cheaper here than in Londoii, but dearer than m Holland, and near a par with France. English editions are so d at the same rate as in London. But the prices of foreign ^ooks ai e exorbitant, and pass all bounds, the prime cost whereof in Holland, TlliO STREETS OF DUBLIN. 35 whether they be bought new, or at auctions, is very moderate, and a mere trifle. CotFee-houses here are much frequented ; they iiave the best English papers, tlie Amsterdam Gazette, and tliree good newspapers, talcen out of tJie English ; of their own. After the four capitals of Europe, Paris, London, Rome, and Amsterdam, Dublin, I think, may take place. It is a very large, populous, ; and well-built city. It stands on near as much ground as Amster- dam, and would take an oval wall of six miles and a-half to en- compass it. According to the manuscript account (talvon in 1733) of all the several baronies and counties in the Kingdom of Ireland, ; as the same were returned, and are now remaining in his Majesty’s j Surveyor General’s office, there are 1 2,000 houses i)i Dublin, which at ' the rate of ten persons to a house makes the number of inhabitants ' amount to 120,000. The river Liffey, over which there are five stone bridges, runs through the middle of the city, ships of good burthen come up to the lowermost bridge, and unload at the Custom , House-quay ; from this bridge there is a noble view down the river, which is always full of vessels ; and in winter evenings, when all i the lamps are lighted, you have three long vistas, resembling fire- works, both up and down the river, and before your face as you pass the bridge from the old town. The outlets of Dublin into line fields, the banks of the river, a royal park, the sea shore, &c*. are very beautiful, and in this, far exceed London, and indeed most other Cities in Europe, which I have seen.” One would think Apollo, the God of Music, had taken a large stride from the Continent over langland to this island. The wdiole nation are great lovers of this high entertainment. A stranger is agreeably surprised to find almost in every house he enters, Italian airs saluting his ears. Corelli is a name in more mouths than many of their Viceroys. Why may not we attribute the humane and gentle dis- positions of the inhabitants to the refinements and powers of that divine art? The harp, which you know is the arms of Ireland, wrought greater achievements in the hands of the Israelite king.” Scarcely had the building of the Music Hall'^' been com- pleted, when Handel, disgusted with the insensibility of the English aristocracy to the excellence of his compositions, re- solved to try his fortune among the music-loving people of * A writer of the lasteentury, quoting from authentic mamisc.ripts, tells us, that “from the bowed part ofFishamble-street, near the place where the Music hall at present stands, to Castle-street, formerly extended a lane called pow-lan e, which is now (1763) totally shut up by buildings, and the lai,rge elegant structure at the corner of Fishamble-street and Castle- street, now inhabited by IVlr. Bond, tobacconist, built by Sir Daniel Bellingham, the first lord mayor of Dublin, and wherein he kept his mayoralty in 1665, was erected across that lane, which in the mayoralty of Nicholas Weston in 1598 was set to farm by the city to John Weston, and many houses built on it, and almost as many contests had for the property of the ground in the courts of law.” 36 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Dublin. Pope alludes to liis Oratorios in tlie following lines, apostrophizing the Goddess of English dulness : — Strong in new arms, lo ! giant Handel stands, Like bold Briareus, with a hundred hands ; To stir, to rouse, to shake the soul he comes, ,And Jove’s own thunders follow Mars’s drums ; Arrest him. Empress ! or you sleep no inore — She heard, and drove him to th’ Hibernian shore.” The following was the first public announcement of the intended proceedings of the great German : — At the new Musick Hall in Fishamble-street, on Wednesday next, being the 23rd day of December, (1741). _ Mr. Handels Musical Entertainments will be opened, in which will be performed L’Allegro il Penseroso, il Moderate, with two Concertos for several instruments, and a Concerto on the Organ. To begin at 7 o Clock. Tickets for that night will be delivered to the Subscribers (by sending their Subscription Ticket), on Tuesday and Wednesday next, at the place of Performance, from 9 o’Clock in the Morning till 3 in the afternoon ; and attendance will be given this Day and on Monday next, at Mr. Handel’s House in Abby-street near Liffey-street, from 9 o’Clock in the morning till 3 in the afternoon, in order to receive the Subscription Money, at which time each Subscriber will have a Ticket delivered to him, which entitles him to three Tickets each night, either for ladies or gentlemem. N.B. Subscriptions are likewise taken in at the same place. Books may be had at the said place. Price, a British Sixpence. The composer’s merit was immediately recognized by the Dublin critics, and his entertainment was at once patronized by the Viceregal court : — « By their Graces the Duke and Dutchess of Devonshire's Special Command. At the new Musick Hall in Fishamble*street. To-morrow being the 20th day of January (1742), will be performed Acis and Galatea ; to which will be added, an Ode for St. Cecilia's Day, written by Dryden, and newly set to music by Mr. Handel. With several Concertos on the Organ and other instru- ments. The Tickets will be delivered to the Subscribers (by sending their Subscription Ticket) this Day and To-morrow at the said Hall, from 10 of the Clock in the Morning till 3 in the Aftei-noon, and no person will be admitted without a Subscriber s Ticket, fo begin at 7 o’Clock. Gentlemen and Ladies are desired to order their Coaches and Chairs to come down Fishamble-street, \shich will prevent a great deal of inconveniences that happened the night before. N.B. There is another convenient passage for chairs made since the last night. There is a convenient room hired as an addition THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 37 to a former place for the footmen ; it is hoped the ladies will order them to attend there till called for.” Considerable doubts have been expressed in opposition to Dr. Burney''s statement, that the Messiah’’^ was first per- formed in Dublin, where it was rehearsed in Passion-week, 1742, as appears from the following: — ^‘At the new Musick Hall in Fishamble-street, on Wednesday next, being the 7th of April, will be performed an Oratorio called Esther, with several concertos on the Organ, being the last time of Mr. Handel’s Subscription Performance. On Thursday next, being the 8th Instant, at the Musick Hall in Fishamble-street, will be the Rehearsal of Mr. Handel’s new grand Sacred Oratorio, called the Messiah, in which the Oentlemen of the Choirs of both Cathedrals will assist, with some Concertos on the organ by Mr. Handel. The Doors will open at Eleven, and no Person will be admitted without a Rehearsal Ticket, which is given gratis with the Ticket for the Performance, when paid for. Tickets to be had at the Musick Hall, and at Mr. Neal’s in Christ Church Yard, at half-a-guinea each. ^^For the conveniency of the ready emptying the house, no chairs will be admitted in waiting but hazard chairs at the new passage* in Copper Alley.” * This entrance, although long closed, is still discernible in Copper alley, which takes its name from the copper money there coined, and dis- tributed by the Lady Alice Fenton, widow of Sir GeotFrey Fenton. A portion of the ground on which Copper-alley is built was formerly known as Preston’s Inns. In 1610, we find from an official document that Sir Geoffrey’s only son, William Fenton, was in possession of “the old house or toft called Preston’s Inns, with all the barns, backsides, and places thereto belong- ing, upon which are now (1610) built certain houses or tenements near Alderman John Forster’s ground; with an orchard or garden on the south of the said house, in the tenure of Lady Alice Fenton, widow, two gardens near the same, extending to Croker-lane, west to the land of St. John’s church and Ca'stle street, south, and to st reet near Isod’s tower , east, upon which gardens several houses were lately built by Sir Geoffrey Fenton, Knight, deceased, now called Ladyrents, otherwise Copper rowe, together with the street between the said houses, extending to the street near Dame’s-gate, in the tenure of the said Lady Fenton.” In 1619 Sir William Fenton, Knight, held also “ the twelve messuages or tenements and gardens in Copper-alley, as also the street or lane called Copper-alley, together with a straight passage or lane under William Hampton’s house, leading from Copper-alley to Scarlet-lane,” now Upper Exchange- street. Sir Geoffrey Fenton was a writer of considerable merit, and Secretary of State and Privy Counsellor to Elizabeth and James I. in Ireland, till his death in 1608. His wife, Alice, “ whose religious and charitable courteous life was an example to her sex,” was the daughter of Robert Weston, one of the Lords Justices and Chancellor of Ireland from 1567 to his death in 1573; and we are told, that he was “ so learned, judi- cious, and upright in the course of judicature, as in all the time of that 38 , THE I31ISII QUAETERLY REVIEW. I'he fate of tlie Messiali'^ was at once decided. A contem- porary Dublin critic tells us, that, Yestei'day morning at the Music Hall in Fishamble-street, there was a public \lehearsal of the Messiah, Mr. Handel s new Sacred Sratmdo, which in the opinion of the best Judges, far surpasses any thimv of that nature, which has been performed in this or any other Ivingdom. This elegant entertainment was conducted m the he never made order or decree that was questioned or re- employment he nc daughter of Sir Geoffrey Fenton, be^me Tf wtf. ^n^609 of Boyle, the first Earl of Cork. Her effigy, Idtl" husband, and children, is preserved in the Witu tnose oi i 1 Pntrick’s Cathedral. A writer of the seven- • MSoyk 1641, previous to thrintended sLure of Dubliu by the Irish, “ Tlie conspirators, being ^I^anv^of them arrived within the city, and having that day met at the TaveriTnear Copper-alley, and there turning the Drawer out of the room ^ordered their affiiirs together, drunk healths upon their knees to •♦V.O linmw success of the next morning’s work. , ^At the\mn of the Royal Arms in Copper-ailey of Andrew'Crooke, the King’s printer- general in Inland, ^^^m v hen he was succeeded in office by George Hint family who held the appointment, and of whom, together with his ai/account shall be learnea wi e establishment of Samuel Rowell, one of our In Copper a ^^ters Among the works pubhshed by him “tin: n.ctea mentioned serve to exhibit the amount of liberty SSced tut ttS“%y\he revolution of 16^. The wr ter of of this work, a learned Irish historiographer, Hugh Mac Cuitm, ot ?hc a icilnt clau of that uame, who had long been chroniclers to l e omrteus of Thonioiid, presuming on the immunities of the Republic S’ Letters commented severely on the absurdly i.gnoraiit calumnies mit fSvaSdb? Sir Richard Cox in bis “ Hibernia Angbcana, ’ or His ory S Ireland published some years before. Sir Richard, who had advanced himseffi by his zeal for the Haiioveriaii party, from the PC^^tioii of the son of a redcide trooper to the rank of Chief Justice of the Kmg s Bencl q committed^the over zealous Mac Curtin to gaol lor having daied to im- mioai his unfounded statements relative to the barbarity of the o.d Ins .. Tlfis historical points, ^ud the experience r/uS; fished, and contained a satirical account ot the proceedings of the poli- ticians of the day, under feigned names. THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. 39 most regular manner, and to the entire satisfaction of the most crowded and polite assembly.” On the 13th of April, the ^^Messiah^^ was produced at the Music Hall, which Handel considered to be one of the best constructed edifices of the kind in Europe. More than seven hundred persons were present, and the sum collected for charity on the occasion amounted to nearly four hundred pounds. On Tuesday last,’"’ says an eye witness, Mr. Handel’s Sacred Grand Oratorio, the Messiah was per- formed in the new Musick Hall in Fishamble-street. The best Judges allow it to be the most finished piece of music. Words are wanting to express the exquisite delight it afforded to the admiring crowded audience. The sublime, the grand, and the tender, adapted to the most elevated, majestick, and moving words, conspired to transport and charm the ravished heart and ear. It is but justice to Mr. Handel, that the world should know, he generously gave the money arising from this performance to be equally shared by the Society for relieving prisoners, the Charitable Infirmary, and Mer- cer’s Hospital, and that the gentlemen of the choirs, Mr. Dubourg, and Mrs. Cibber, who all performed their parts to admiration, acted also on the same disinterested principle, satisfied with the deserved applause of the publick, and the conscious pleasure of promoting such useful and extensive charity.” HandeFs success was now complete : the enthusiasm of the people of Dublin was unbounded. The Music Hall could not contain the numbers of gentry and nobility of the highest rank who sought admittance ; to remedy this, in some measure, the ladies consented to lay aside their hoops during their presence at ‘■^Mr. Handel’s entertainment/'’ His last concert here was given on the 3d of June, 174^ ; — At the particular desire of several of the Nobility and Gentry, on Thursday next, being the 3d day of June (1742), at the new Musick Hall in Fishamble-street, will be performed Mr. HandeV s new Grand Sacred Oratorio, called Messiah, with Concertos on the Organ. The Rehearsal will be on Tuesday the 1st of June, at Twelve, and the Performance at Seven in the evening. In order to keep the Room as cool as possible, a Pane of Glass will be removed from the Top of each of the Windows. N.B — This will be the last Performance of Mr. Handel’s during his stay in this Kingdom.” Handel left Dublin, loaded with honors, on the 15th of August, 1742. The people of London, aroused from their former apathy, and rebuked by the enthusiastic approbation given to Handel by the musical critics of Dublin, at length 40 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. discerned the talents of the composer, and yielded a tardy ap- proval to his immortal productions. The present condition of Sublin forms a melancholy con- trast to the gaiety and wealth of the city in the year 1742. Large numbers of the nobility and gentry, at that period, re- sident in or near the metropolis, vied with each other in their displays of magnificent hospitality. The most eminent per- formers of the age then found it their interest to seek the Dublin stage. Handel, as we have seen, gave his entertain- ments at the Music Hall ; David Garrick, Mrs. Woffington, and Giffard were performing at Smock-Alley, to houses crowded to suffocation ; while Quinn and the inimitable Mrs. Cibber drew immense numbers to Aungier-street Theatre. When to those eminent names we add that of the celebrated composer, Thomas Augustine Arne,* it must be admitted that • The room of the “Philharmonic Society” was in Fishamhle-street, opposite the church. The following is the programme of one of the concerts held there in 1742 : — ‘ ‘ At the particular Desire of several Persons of Quality, for the Benefit of Mrs. Arne, at the Great Eoom in Pishamble-street, on Wednesday next, being the 21st of this instant July, wiU be performed a Grand Entertainment of Musick. To be divided into three Interludes. Wherein several favourite Songs and Duettos will be performed by Mrs. Arne and Mrs. Cibber, viz In the first Interlude (after an Overture of Mr. Handel’s), A Scene from Mr. Arne’s Opera of Rosamond, by Mrs. Arne. O beauteous Queen, from Mr. Handel’s Oratorio of Esther, by Mrs. Cibber. Non Chiamarmi, from an Opera of Sig. Hasse’s, by Mrs. Arne ; and a Duetto of Mr. Handel’s in Saul, by Mrs. Arne and Mrs. Cibber. In the second Interlude (after an Overture of Mr. Arne’s), Lascia cadermi in Volto, a Song of Earinelli’s singing by Mrs. Arne. Chi scherza colie Rose, from Mr. Handel’s Opera of Hymen, by Mrs. Cibber. Vo folcindo, a Song of Sig. Vinci’s, by Mrs. Arne. Vadoe vivo, a Duetto of Mr. Handel’s in Earamond, by Mrs. Arne and Mrs. Cibber. In the third Interlude (after an Overture of Mr. Arne’s,) O Peace thou fairest Child of Heaven, from Mr. Arne’s Masque of Alfred, by Mrs. Arne. Un Guardo solo, from Mr, Handel’s Opera of Hymen, by Mrs. Cibber. (By particular Desire) Sweet Bird, from Mr. Handel’s Allegro, by Mrs. Arne ; and Per le Porte del Tormento, a favourite Duetto of Mr. Handel’s in Sosarmes, by Mrs. Arne and Mrs. Cibber. To begin precisely at seven o’Clock.’’ Mrs. Arne, on those occasions, was usually accompanied by the per- formance of her husband on the violin, and “between the acts of his serenatas, operas and other musical performances, he introduced comic interludes (after the Italian manner), amongst which were Tom Thumb, the original burlesque opera, composed by him ; the Dragon of Wantley ; Miss Lucy in town, &c., intended to give relief to that grave attention necessary to be kept up in serious performances, which he began in January 1743.” The following is a list of some of the performances of THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 41 Dublin well merited the character, whichit then enjoyed, of being one of the gayest and most intellectual cities of Europe. In the midst of all this pleasure, ilie claims of the afflicted were not forgotten. The present generation, with its boasted ad- vances in morality and civilization, would do well to emu- late the philanthropic munificence of those ages which are generally depicted by ignorant moralizers, as distinguished only by vice and sensuality. ^ After HandeFs departure entertainments of various kinds continued to be performed in the Hall. A company of the best singers ever heard in Dublin, who appeared here in 1743 under the management of Dr. Arne, were engaged for Anngier- street Theatre, where Arne produced his new setting of Comns,'’^ which was received with unbounded applause. A minute recapitulation of the various purposes for which the Music Hall was used would probably possess but little at- tractions for the generality of readers, we shall therefore confine ourselves to the mention of some of the principal events in its history. In 1750, the annual subscription of the members amounted to three hundred pounds, for which sum they engaged Lampe the composer, Pasquali, the eminent violinist, and a host of other acomplished musicians, who formed a part of the Smock Alley'^ company. The concerts of the Charitable Musical Society for the re- lief of poor debtors were generally performed at the Music Hall. The cost of a ticket was half a guinea, which entitled the holder to be present likewise at the rehearsals which took place at twelve o’clock in the day. A vast amount of good was effected by this society. Erom its formation to the year 1750 its ex- the Philharmonic Society for the year 1744:— “ Solomon, a serenata • Esther; Athaha; Acis and Galatea; Israel in Egypt; Alexander’s feast, by Handel ; Solomon ; Lockman’s ode on St. Cecilia’s day ; David’s lamentationover Saul and Jonathan; Hart’s Pindarick ode by 4Vce &c subjects were frequently delivered at the Philharmonic Koom, so early as 1749; the usual hour, at tSt period, for their commencement was six p.m. Among other perforV ances here may be noticed the following, the original of which is exi “ Solonmn s Temple : an Oratorio. The words by Mr. James Eyre We^s The music composed by Mr. Eichard Broadway, Organisfof . St. Patrick s Cathedral, Dublin, as it was performed at the Philharmonic Marn^” distressed Free- THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 42 ertions released nearly twelve hundred prisoners, whose debts and fees exceeded nine thousand pounds ; in addition to which, a certain sum was presented to each debtor on his liberation* The annual average of prisoners thus relieved amounted to one hundred and sixty. In 1751, Neale, the music-xmblisher of Christ Church Yard, who, in conjunction with Mrs. Hamilton and Mrs. Walker, was the manager of many fashionable entertainments, added a very elegant additional room^^ to the Music Hall. The balls, at this period generally styled Eidottos,"' were carried on by subscriptions ; a few particulars of which may be inte- resting. Tor admission to a series of four of these balls, a gentleman paid three guineas, which entitled him to tickets for two ladies and himself, for each nigiit. A single ticket for a lady cost one crown, and for a gentleman, half a guinea. The interior of the Hall was on those occasions lighted by wax candles ; the doors opened at 7, p.m . ; the Beaufets,” at ten, and the supper-room, at eleven o’clock. Annual concerts were held here, for the benefit of the Mu- sical Academy, founded in 1757. In four years, by loans of small sums, of about four pounds each, this society relieved nearly thirteen hundred distressed families. Here, in 1 757, to a distinguished and learned auditory, Tho- mas Sheridan delivered his oration demonstrating the impor- tance of making the then neglected study of the English lan- guage an indispensable portion of education,* and proposed the establishment of a public school for the youth of Ireland. This oration, as we shall see in a future paper, led to the for- mation of the Hibernian Society."’^ Sheridan^s public dis- courses on the cultivation of the English language, delivered at Oxford and Cambridge, were received with great applause, ^although his rational principles as to its cultivation are not yet fully recognized by any collegiate body. Breslau, the famous conjurer, exhibited his feats here in 1768, and in the same year the Mecklenburgh Musical Society,^^ assisted by the choirs of both Cathedrals, gave concerts here, patronized by Lord and * “ An oration pronounced before a numerous body of the nobility and gentry, assembled at the Musick Hall in Fisharable-street, on Tuesday the 6th of this instant December, and now first published at their unani- mous desire. By Thomas Sheridan, A.M. Dublin : Printed for M. Williamson, Bookseller in Dame-street, over against Sycamore-alley, 1757,” 8 VO. pp. 32. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 43 Lady Towiishend,, for the benefit of the poor confined debtors in the different prisons. Sheridan also at the same period de- livered a course of evening lectures here on the art of reading. The “Constitutional Tree Debating Society'’^ began to hold their meetings in the Music Hall^ in the year 1771 ; the de- bates began at eight in the evening, and generally terminated at ten. Tlie speaker stood, while addressing the meeting, and any member who broke silence was liable to expulsion. Crowds of the most fashionable persons attended to hear the orations; and seats were provided in the orchestra for the ladies. The number of members exceeded eight hundred ; a medal, value four guineas, was awarded every fourth even- ing to the author of the speech most highly approved. On the Tuesday evening, preceding the disposal of the medal, the Society decided on six questions to be argued on the night of speaking for the prize, these six questions were written and ballotted for, and whichever was drawn became the subject of debate. Attempts were made by Lord Townshend to suppress these meetings, but without success. One of its most prominent members was Henry Lucas, a son of the cele- brated Tribune. All topics connected with politics and govern- ment were argued here with the greatest freedom. Some idea of the degree of liberty which they claimed for their debates may be gathered from the following question, which formed the subject of a nighCs declamations ; — “ Whether removing Lord Townshend from the government of Ireland would not be a speedy way for redressing our grievances After a short dis- cussion, this question was resolved in the affirmative. Towards the close of the year 1771, a second society, on the same principles, called the “Ciceronian Society, held their meetings at the Music Hall. Eidotto Balls were held here in 1773 and 1774. The rooms were elegantly fitted up, and decorated with transparent paint- ings by Eoberts and Tresham. On these occasions, the car- riages and chairs entered Eishamble-street from Castle-street, the chairs turned down Copper-alley to the door of admittance there. In going away, the carriages went from the Music Hall to Smock-alley, and the chairs, through Copper- alley to the upper Blind Quay. Subscription Balls under the management of the chief of the Irish nobility continued to be held here for many years. The inhabitants of the neighbourhood, how- ever, complained that the great and incessant clamor made 44 THE HUSH QUAllTEllLY REVIEW. by the chairmen and servants, at the breaking up of those assemblies, totally deprived them of sleep. The Hall was also used for other purposes; in 1773, a public procession ot t ie chief Roman Catholics of Dublin was made from it to the castle, to present an address to Lord Harcourt. On this oc- casion it was remarked that there was not a single hired coach in the entire eighty which formed the procession. In 1774, John Walker, author of the ^^Pronouncing Dic- tionary,” who for some time kept school in Dublin, delivered a course of lectures on English pronunciation, in the "'Supper room” of the Music Hall. The first masked ball held in Ireland took place here on the 19th of April, 1776. The following contemporary account of one of these entertainments, given at the Music Hall on the eve of St. Patrick's day, 1778, may interest our readers “ About twelve at night the company began to assemble ; and at two, the rooms were quite full, upwards of seven hundred persons being present. The motley groupe afforded much entertainment ; they displayed a variety of taste, elegance, and splendour, in their dresses, and were supported with a fund of wit, humour and vivacity The following were the most conspicuous characters Ihe Huke ot Leinster appeared as a fruit-woman, who changed her oranges for shamrocks, as Patrick’s day advanced— and afterwards a physician— both of which characters were well supported. Mr. Gardiner, as an old woman, carrying her father in a basket, and her ch^iM m her arms. This was considered as one of the best and most laughable Masks in the room. Mr. Gardiner, at supper, was in a black domino._ Mr. teackviile Hamilton, a French Governante, well dressed and inimitably sup- ported Mr, Burgh and Mr. O’Reilly, as Hussars. Mr. Yelverton, a Methodist preacher, characteristical, masked with judgment. C^oun - seller Doyle, a friar, well supported. Lord Ely, a hermit. Lord Glerawly, a side-board of plate. Counsellor Day, a cook ^aid, very well supported. Lord Jocelyn, a house maid. Counsellor Caldbeck, a sailor Mr. Handcock, half abbe, half officer-a very laughab e character. Mr. Hunter, a French soldier. Mil Coote, a battle axe guard. Captain Southwell, a rifle-man. Mr Boswell, as Doug- las Mr. Finlay, senior, a huge fashionable lady. Mil b miay, junior, an American Warrior. Mr. Eyres, St. Patrick, with a piper. Sir Richard Johnston, in the character of Pan, allowed to be L excellent mask, though he neither sung nor played the bag-^pes. Mr. Robert Alexander, the Great Mogul. Lord Antrim, a High- lander. Mr. Lyster, a Judge in his robes, a very good mask and very humourous. Mr. Marsden, a most excellent miller Captain French, first as Diana Trapes, which afforded much entertainment— and afterwards in the character of Tancred. elegantly dressed. Sir Vesey Colclough, a sweep-chimney. Mr. ® < Duenna.' Mr. Scriven, a Bussora. Mr. Wilson, in the character THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 45 of an old poet, repeating and distributing humorous verses. Mr. W. Finey, in the character of a magician. Mr. Byrne of Cabinl teely, Pam, or the Knave of Clubs, very picturesque. Mr. Baggs, in the character of ‘ Linco.’ Mr. Mossom, Zanga. Mr. Knox, as a female gipsey. Mr. Geale, as a grand Signior. Mr. Penrose, as Tycho. Mr. Bellingham, a Sailor. Mr. James Cavendish, as Mer- cury. Mr. M‘Clean, a Dutchman. Sir Michael Cromie, a Sailor. Surgeon Doyle, a good piper. Captain Barber, a butterfly-catcher. Mr. Broughill, a malefactor going to an Auto da Fe. Mr. Arch- dall personated the man with the charity-box on Essex-bridge, and collected £5 9s. lOd. for the confined debtors. An excellent Harle- quin who was metamorphosed to a Shylock. Mr. Pollock as Diego, the curious stranger of Strasbourg, from the promontory of noses, as nientioned in Tristram Shandy’s tale of Slawkenbergius. The gravity, courtesy, and humour which Sterne so happily contrasted in his description of Diego, was well supported by this mask, and on his nose, which was a nose indeed, there appeared the following inscrip- tion, ‘ This nose hath been the making of me.’ His dress was a Spanish habit, and crimson satin breeches with silver fringe. Among the female characters which deserve to be mentioned, were — Mrs. Gardiner in the character of Sestina the Opera singer, a most inimitable mask ; she sung one of Sestina’s songs. Lady Ely, as a wash-woman. Mrs. f! Flood, a child and doll. _ Mrs. Crofton, a young miss, well dressed and characteristical. Miss Gardiner as a Florentine peasant. Miss Graham, a female savage, and afterwards a dancer. The two Miss Normans, witches. Miss Evans and Miss Saunders two Dianas. Miss Boston as a nun. Mrs. Trench as a house-maid. Miss Blake- ney and Miss Whaley as Night. Miss O’Conor, Night. Miss Stewart, an Indian Princess, with a great quantity of jewels. From seven o’clock in the evening till twelve at night, the following houses were open to receive masks : Lord Roden’s, Mr. Rowley’s, Mr. Aylmer’s, Mr. Kilpatrick’s, Mr. Latouche’s, Lady Arabella Denny’s’ and Counsellor Davis.’ At these several houses the masks were en- tertained with wine and cakes, and among the rest there was an inimitable old beggarman, who excited charity in the breasts of the compassionate ; he was dressed in a rug cadow, and liberally supplied with viands from the fair hands of Nuns, Dianas, and Vestals. He was accompanied by Jobson with a Nell, two characters supported with remarkable vivacity and well dressed. The decorations of the rooms were admirable, and formed a suite, the effect of which, as to convenience, singularity, and ingenuity was exceedingly pleasing The company did not begin to retire until five, and it was half an hour after eight before the rooms were entirely cleared.” In 1780, the first Irish State Lottery was drawn at the Music Hall. Balls and masquerades continued to be held there till 1782, when the floor of the Grove room""* sud- * The apartments called the “ Grove rooms” stand on the left of the stage forming, at present, the scene and green rooms. The upper “Grove room,” above referred to, was generally used as a wardrobe 4G THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. (lenly gave way, wounding many people who were assembled in it at a meeting relative to the election of a member of Parlia- ment for the city of Dublin. This accident and the entertain- ments at the Rotunda turned the stream of pleasure from the Music Hall, which was taken by the Honorable Society of King’s Inns, who finding the building not suited for their purposes, subsequently relinquished it. In 1793 it became a private theatre under the management of the Earl of West- meath and Erederick E. Jones, afterwards lessee of the Dublin Theatre Royal. J. D. Herbert, an artist and amateur, who performed here, has given the following account of the circumstances^ which led to the Music Hall having been selected for this pur- pose : — “Jones told me of a notion he had conceived of getting up a pri- vate theatre on an elegant and extensive plan, that would require premises of great space ; and asked me if I could direct him to any building that might suit his purpose. I mentioned Fishamble-street. He observed, there would be a good subscription from persons oi the first rank, and he should feel obliged if I would accompanv him to view it. I accordingly attended him, and on our way I pointed out the great advantage of having a shell, so appropriate for ms plan, that he could decorate it as he wished, but that must not be made known until he got it into his possession ; and that I thought it might be had a bargain, from its having been some time on hands with the proprietor. We arrived, and found the owner at home. Saw the house and all its appurtenances. We inquired the lowest terms. It was to be let by lease at £80 per annum — Mr. Jones, in a hasty manner, decried its value, and said £60 was enough, and he would give no more ; his offer was as hastily rejected; and he turned on his heel and went away. I spoke to the proprietor civilly, and ex- cused Mr. Jones on the score of incompetency to estimate its true value ; and I added, that I would advise him to agree to the rent of £80, and if I should succeed, we would return. I then followed Mr. Jones, pointed out the necessity of securing it, for, should the owner learn who were to be the performers, double that sum would not be taken. I advised him to return, and let me write a few lines of agreement, have it signed, and I should witness, and give eai- nest, to all of which he consented, and the next day he got posses- while the building was a private theatre. The original entrance (now closed) to the pit was by a flight of steep steps. When lotteries were held at the Music Hall it was usual to place the large mahogany wheel (whence the numbers were drawn by two boys from the Blue coat hos- pital) at the box entrance, the public not being then admitted to the interior of the edifice. On these occasions, Fi shamble- street was always densely thronged by the expectant votaries of the blind goddess. THE STllEETS OF DUBLIN. 47 sion, then set men to work to make the house perfectly secure to receive an audience. Lord Westmeath induced Valdre, an Italian artist, to direct the ornamental parts, to paint the ceiling and pros- cenium, also some capital scenes. I added my mite, and painted two figures. Tragedy and Comedy, for the front, also a chamber of portraits for the School for Scandal. When finished, so splendid, tasteful, and beautiful a theatre, for the size, could not be found, I may say, in the three kingdoms : indeed, 1 never saw anything com- parable with it on the Continent. The subscribers now thronged, the first men in the land, and from these were selected the per- formers, who were for the greater part worthy of the house. The dramatis personce were as follows: — Captain Ashe, Mr. Charles Powel Leslie, Mr. Cromwell Price, Mr. Lyster, Mr. Westenra, Mr. Humphrey Butler, Col. Robert Howard, Mr. Thomas Groold, Mr. M‘Clintock, Mr. Allen M^Clean, Mr. J. Crampton, Col. Edward Nugent, Col. Barry, Lord Westmeath, Sir Charles Vernon, Mr. Frederick Falkner, Sir Edward Denny, Mr. Wandesford Butler, and Mr. Hamy Stewart, &c.” A contemporary has left us the following correct description of the internal arrangement of this theatre : — ■ The interior of the house formed an ellipse, and was divided ^ into three compartments — pit, boxes, and lattices, which were with- out division. The seats were covered with rich scarlet, and fringe to match, while a stuffed hand-rail carried round gave them the form of couches, and rendered them particularly agreeable for any attitude of repose or attention. The pilastres which supported the front of the boxes were cased with mirror, and displayed various figures on a white ground, relieved with gold. The festoons were fringed with gold, and drawn up with golden cords and tassels. The ceiling was exquisitely painted. In the front was a drop curtain, on which was depicted an azure sky with fleeting clouds, from the centre of which was Apollo’s lyre emerging in vivid glory ; on each side were the figures of Tragedy and Comedy, appearing, between the pillars in perspective, to support a rich freeze and cornice ; in the cen- tre was the appropriate motto, ‘ For our Friends.’ The stage and scenery were equally brilliant ; and that nothing might be want- ing to complete the costume, servants in rich and costly liveries at- tended on the stage and in the box rooms, to accommodate the com- pany. The orchestra was filled with amateurs and professors. The male characters were performed by gentlemen subscribers, but the female by public actresses engaged for the purpose. In effect, every thing that could contribute to the splendour and elegance of the or- nament, the excellence of the performance, and the decorum of the company, was scrupulously attended to. The house opened for the first time on the 6th of March, 1793, with the Beggar’s Opera and the Irish Widow.”* — Among the performers. Captain Ashe and * The parts in these plays were allotted as follows : — Beggar’s Opera. Capt Macheath — Capt. Ashe. Peach’era — Capt* 48 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Lord Westmeath were particularly distinguished. His Lordship’s performance of Father Luke, in the Poor Soldier, was considered a masterpiece, and gained for the noble representative the celebrity of having his portrait in that character exhibited in all the print-shops and magazines of the day. The audience were always distinguished by rank and fashion, but by the rules of the theatre, were almost entirely females, no gentleman who was not a subscriber being on any account admitted.” This company continued their performances here till 1796. The Music Hall has been occasionally used in the present century for various entertainments, on a scale very different to the style in which they were conducted before the Union. A few paces to the south of Tishamble-street, stands the street of St. Werburgh, the early history of which is connected with the final destruction of the Danish power iu Dublin. On the festival of Saint Matthew, the Apostle, in the year 1170, when the “town of the ford of hurdles^'’* * was treacher- ously taken by the Irish and their Anglo-Norman allies, As- culph Mac Torcall, its Danish governor, and “many of the citizens, in little ships and boats, that then lay ready in the harbour, with the best of their goods, made their escape to the Orkney Islands."’^ The old chronicler tells us, that : — Browne. Lockit — Capt. Stewart. Mat-o’-the-Mint — Mr. H. Butler. The Gang — Lord Thurles, Mr. W. Butler, Mr. Holmes, Mr. Vernon, Mr. Herbert, Mr. Boclifort, Lord Cunningham, Mr. Whaley, Mr. Tal- hot. Filch — Mr. Howard. Lucy — Mrs. Garvey. Mrs. Peach’em — Diana Trapes. Mrs. Slammekin — Mrs. Dawson. Women— Mrs. Wells, Miss Atkins, Miss Kingston, Miss O’Reilly. Polly — Mrs. Mahon. The Irish Widow. Whittle — Mr. Howard. Sir Patrick O’Neil — Mr. Nugent. Nephew — Capt. Witherington. Bates — Mr. Holmes. Thomas — Capt. Browne. Kecksey — Capt. Stewart. The Irish Widow — Mrs. Garvey. The following were the dramatis personae in “ The Rivals,’’ as performed here in 1793: Sir Anthony Absolute, Mr. Lyster. Captain Absolute, Captain Ashe. Falkland, Mr. Witherington, Bob Acres, Mr. Howard. Fag, Mr. Humphrey Butler. Coachman, Mr. Vernon of Clontarf. Jacob Gawkey, Capt. Hamilton. Sir Lucius O’Trigger, Mr. F. Jones. Womens Miss Campion, Mrs. Dawson, Mrs. Garvey. * “The Irish name of Dublin is pAje aca cI(ac or the ‘ Town of the Ford of Hurdles,’ and the name of that part of the river Liflfey on which it is built, t5uib-l]t)T) (Duibh-linn) or the ‘ Black Water.’ The Book of Dinn Seanchus informs us,’’ says Dr. O’Donovan, “ that this ford across the river was called Ath-cliath, or the Ford of Hurdles, from hurdles of small twigs which the men of Leinster, in the reign of their king Mesgeidhra, placed across the river, for the purpose of conveying the sheep of Athirne Ailgeasach to Dun-Edair, a fortress on the hill of Howth, where many of the young warriors of Leister were then stationed.’’ THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 49 At this time about the feast of Pentecost or Whitsuntide, Has- culphus, who was sometime the chiefe ruler of Dublin, sought, by all the waies he could, how he might be revenged for the reproch and shame which he had received when the citie of Dublin was^ taken, and he then driven to flie to his ship, and to save himselfe. This man had been in Norwaie, and in the North Islands to seeke for some helpe and aid ; and having obteined the same he came about the feast of Pentecost, with threescore ships well appointed, and full fraughted with lustie men of warre unto the coasts of Dublin, minding to assaile the citie and hoping to recover the same. And without anie delaeings he landed and unshipped his men, who were guided and conducted under a capteine named John Wood or John Mad, for so the word Wood meaneth. They were all niightie men of warre, and well appointed after the Danish manner, being harnessed with good brigandines, iacks, and shirts of male ; their shields, buck- lers, and targets were round, and coloured red, and bound about with iron : and as they were in armor, so in minds also they were as iron strong and mightie. These men being set in battell arraie, and in good order, doo march onwards towards the east gate of the citie of Dublin, there minding to give th’ assault, and with force to^ make entrie. Miles Cogan then warden of the citie, a man verie va- liant and lustie, although his men and people were verie few, and as it were but a handfull in respect of the others : yet boldlie giveth the adventure and onset upon his enimies : but when he saw his owne small number not to be able to resist nor withstand so great force, and they still pressing and inforcing upon him, he was driven to re- tire backe with all his companie, and with the losse of manie of his men, and of them one being verie well armed, yet was his thigh cut off cleane at a stroke with a G-alloglasse axe. But Richard Cogan, brother unto Miles, understanding how hardlie the matter passed and had sped with his brother, suddenlie and secretlie with a few men issueth out at the south posterne* or gate of the citie, and stealing upon the * The Norman romance tells us that Richard de Cogan, with thirty horsemen, issued “ pur la dute del Occident,” and attacked the Danes, shouting, “ F^rts, chevalers vaillant and, continues the romance : — “ Mult fu grant la melle E li hu e la crie.” Miles de Cogan then sallied from the city, crying “ F^rez, baruns alosez ! Ferez, vassals, hastiviment ; N ’esparniez icel gent !” Cambrensis makes no mention of Gilmeholmoc, the prince who as- sisted the Anglo-Normans on this occasion. He probably thought proper to give the entire merit of the action to his countrymen, but in this, as in every other case, the strangers were assisted by large bodies of natives ; a fact which has been studiously kept concealed. The chi- valric compact said by the Norman rhymer to have been entered into by D 50 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. backs of his enimies, maketh a great shout, and therewith sharpelie giveth the onset upon them. At which suddaine chance they were so dismaied, that albeit some fighting before, and some behind, the case was doubtfull, and the event uncerteine : yet at length they fled and ran awaie, and the most part of them were slaine, and namelie John Wood, whom with others John ofRidensford tooke and killed. Hasculphus fleeing to his ships was so sharpelie pursued, that upon the sands he was taken, but saved ; and for the greater honour of the victorie was carried backe alive into the citie as a captive, where he was sometime the chief ruler and governor : and there hee was kept till he should compound for his ransome.” The south posterne,” through which Richard de Cogan sal- lied on this occasion, stood in the city wall, at the end of Werburgh -street, and was known as th e Pole Gate,^^ being one of the gates of the town. Tt is said toTiave acquired the name of Pole or Pool from a confluence of water which settled in this hollow, and was often troublesome to passengers, till a bridge was thrown over it, which was repaired in 1544, by Nicholas Stanihurst, and known as the "" Poule gate bridge.” I In latter times the gate was called St. Werburgh’s gate, and in 1 the early part of the seventeenth century, it was still standing at the end of Werburglfls-street, which it divided from St. Bridget's or Bride^s-street,” Near the ''Pole gate” and close to the city wall stood, in very remote times, the church of St. Martin, the vestiges of which were scarcely visible in the early part of the sixteenth century. Not far from its site was erected the Church of St. Werburgh, whence the street takes its name. The earliest no- tice of this edifice is to be found in a document of the twelfth century, in which it is mentioned among the parochial churches of Dublin. It had originally two chapels annexed ; one called our Ladle's chapel, the other named St. Martin's, from the old church. St. Werburgh,* who is commemorated on the 3d of the De Cogans with prince Gilmeholmoc was, no doubt, introduced to give colouring to the picture, as it cannot he supposed that the Anglo Normans alone, amounting only to three hundred and thirty, were able to repulse a body of well armed Scandinavians numbering nine or ten thousand “ lustie men ofwarre.” The whole account we at present possess of the Anglo-Norman invasion and establishment in Ireland, is evidently romantic ; the original documents and rolls must be carefully examined before the history of this period can be set in a true light. A description of the Galloglasse, above referred to, will be found in the Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. I. page 644. * Among the many ecclesiastical establishments wrested from the Irish by the Anglo-Normans, under the authority of the Popes, was the cathe- THE STREETS OE DUBLIN, 51 February, was daughter of Wulfer, King of Mercia, and said to be descended from four kynges of the lande of England and of the riall bloode of Fraunce/^ She was considered the patron of Chester, to which her shrine was brought in 875, and her intercession is said frequently to have preserved that town from fire, enemies, and plague, tier body, which, ac- cording to her panegyrist, was magnified with miracles next to our Ladie,^^ after having remained perfect for two hun- dred years after death, miraculously resolved itself into dust, to prevent its being polluted by'the Pagan Danes. Part of St. Werburglds shrine now forms the Bishop’s throne in the Cathedral of Chester. In the year 1301, on the night of St. Colum’s festival, a great part of the city of Dublin, together with St. Werburgh’s Church, was accidentally burned down. The cure of this parish has since the time of Arcbishop Henri de Loundres, always been filled by the Chancellor of the Cathedral of St. Patrick. In a valuation made in the thirty-eighth year of King Henry YIII. we are told that the tithes and oblations of the Rectory or Chapel of St. Wer- burgh are of no value, beyond the alterages, which are assigned to the curate and repair of the Chancel. Nicholas Walsh was minister of St. Werburgh’s from 1571 to 1577, when he was appointed Bishop of Ossory. He, with his friend John Kearney, Treasurer of St. Patrick’s, was the first who introduced Irish types into Ireland ; Queen Elizabeth at her own expense provided a printing press and a fount of Irish letters, in hope that God in mercy would raise up some to translate the New Testament into their mother tongue.” They also obtained an order that the prayers should be printed in that character and language, and a church set apart in the chief town of every diocese, where they were to be read, and a sermon preached to the common people. In 1607, James Ussher, afterwards Primate of Ire- land, a divine and scholar of European reputation, was dral of Down, whence the secular native canons were expelled by Sir John de Courcy, who introduced in their place English Benedictine monks from St. AVerburgh’s in Chester. St. Werburgh's name is still associated with a spring in Fingal, known as “ Saint Werburgh’s well.” Her legend has been published under the following title: — “ Here be- gynneth the holy lyfe and history of saynt Werburge, very frutefull for all christen people to rede.” Imprynted by Richarde Pyuson, prynter to the Kynge’s noble grace, 1521. 52 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. appointed to this Church. His successor here was William Chappel, who had been John Milton^s tutor at Cambridge, and who, according to Symmonds, was the reputed author of the celebrated Whole Duty of Man he was afterwards Pro- vost of Trinity College, Dublin, and Bishop of Cork and Boss. The titular Bishop of Down and Connor, who died in 1628 during his imprisonment in the Castle, on a charge of conspiring with foreign powers against the government, was buried in this churchyard at four in the morning, before the citizens were astir. St. Warburr’s,^^ says a writer in 1635, ^^is a kind of cathedral;* herein preacheth judicious Dr. Hoile about ten in • Next to the church, and almost on the site of the present passage into the female school, stood Blue Boar-alley, so called from a sign at its entrance; it ran to the rere of Daly’s tavern, in which, down to the year 1818, the principal Orange lodges of Dublin used to hold their meetings. Next to this, from an early period, was located the “ Main Guard” of the city, referred to in the following extracts from the original unpublished ofiScial record of the proceedings of the Courts Martial, in Dublin, during the Protectorate. “ Att a Court Mariiall held at the Castell 19^ Martii, 1651.” “James Lutrill Informant ; Evan Jones Defdt, soldier under Captn. Hewlett : — “ This day the Defdt being convicted for stealing the Iron and sockett of a pump worth 5s. of the informant’s goods, ordered, that he shall ride the wooden horse at the maine guarde, with two musketts att each heele, with the iron and sockett att his necke and inscription on his breaste for one hower.” “ Symon Donelan Informant. Thomas Worthen and Thomas Kardell Defdts. 2 Julii, 1652. The Defendants being ac- cused for the violent taking of 5s. in money and 8s. worth of goods from the Informant and others in protection, and thereof founde guilty, it was ordered, that they should be whipt from the main guard to ye Gallows and backward againe to ye sd guard, each of them to receive 40 lashes, being first dismounted and reduced as foote souldiers into Captn Wood- cock’s Company.” The station of the Main Guard appears to have been afterwards used as a watch-house’ but the vestiges ’orits’ original use were preserved in the nanm ofjy_Gun-alley , ” situated next the watch-house, and in which, at the commencement of the present century, the parish engines were kept. “ Blue Boar-alley” and “ Gun-alley” have been entirely erased by the erection of the modern parish schools on their site. The Goldsmith’s Hall was held till late in the last century in the house nearly opposite to Hoey’s-court : it was the general place so early as 1742, for holding auctions of plate and valuables. In this Hall was the office of the Assay master and receiver of the duties upon plate. ^ The “Yellow Lidn” Tavern was also in Werburgh -street ; in it we find a lodge of Free Masons meeting so early as 1725. Here also was the “ Cock Ale-house,’’ over which, in 1746, William Kelly, the fencing master, kept his school. He was the son of Cornelius Kelly, of whom we have before spoken. John Bowes, the Solicitor-General, and after- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 53 the morning, and three in the afternoon ; a most zealous preacher, and general scholar in alP manner of learning, a mere cjnic.'’^ Dr. Hoyle, the friend of Ussher, and the tutor and chamber fellow^^ of Sir James Ware, was elected Professor of Divinity in, and Pellow of. Trinity Col- lege, Dublin ; he sat in the Assembly of Divines, witnessed against Laud, and in 1648 was appointed master of University College, Oxford. In the seventeenth century St. Werburgh’s church was the burial place of many of the chief Anglo-Irish families : the gallant Sir Arthur Blundell, who had served in Elizabeth’s wars, and commanded the troops sent from Ireland to assist Charles I. at Carlisle, was interred here in 1650 ; as was also in 16 66, Sir James Ware, A uditor General, confessedly the ablest Anglo-Irish antiquary of his time. was buried,” says his biographer, ^Gn the Church of St. Werburgh, in the city of Dublin, in a vault be- longing to his family, without either stone or monu- mental inscription. But he had taken care in his life time to erect a monument for himself by his labours more lasting than any mouldering materials.'” To the dis- grace of the literary classes of Dublin, no memorial marks the resting place of one of the most distinguished scholars ever produced by their city. Ware’s fame was not wards, in 1756, Lord Chancellor, resided in Werburgh-streetfrom 1730 to 1742; and here in 1732 died Edward Worth, one of the most eminent physicians of his day in Ireland. Being suspected of Jacobitism, he was satirized under the name of “ Sooterkin,” in a poem published in 1706, and accused of being an atheist. Dr. Worth was the greatest and most “curious” book collector of his time. He left his library, valued at i;5000, to Stevens’ Hospital (where it is still preserved), together with ^100 for fitting it up, and a legacy of £1000. One thousand volumes of his collection were left by him to Trinity CoUge, Dublin, with an annuity of ten pounds for a yearly oration in praise of Academic learning. He also bequeathed £120 per annum, for ever, to Merton College, Oxford, where he had received his education. The remainder oHiis immense property devolved to Edward Worth of Rathfarnham, a distant relative. In Werburgh-street, towards the middle of the last century, resided Edmond Dillon, an apothecary and the most expert player at hurling of his time. To him was apprenticed William O’Reilly, who afterwards became one of the best comedians of his day. On his death, in 1791, his funeral was attended to the churchyard of St. James, with the largest concourse of people seen for many years ; so deep was the regret of the citizens of Dublin at losing their favorite actor, who, it may be observed, was nephew to the famous Count O’Reilly of Spain. 54 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. confined to Ireland; his writings are well known and es- teem ed onthe Continent, and their high merit was recognized, even at the time of their publication, by Bochart, Selden, and Sir Eobert Cotton. In 1672, Edward Wetenhall was curate of St. WerburgEs He was appointed Bishop of Cork and Boss in 1678, and of Kilmore in 1699. A noted contro- versialist he wrote against Baxter, Stillingfleet, and William Penn ; and attacked Sherlock in a treatise entitled — '' The Antiapology of the melancholy Stander by,^^ 4to, 1693. He also wrote '^The Wish : being the tenth satire of Juvenal, paraphrastically rendered in Pindarick verse,” published at Dublin in 1675, and dedicated to Murrogh, Lord Viscount Blessington. Wetenhall was the author of the well known Greek and Latin Grammars wdiich have gone through innu- merable editions, and are still in use. William King, subse- quently Archbishop of Dublin, and author of the celebrated treatise, ""De origin e mali,'’ was minister here from 16? 9 to 1688. In King James’s time. Pierce Butler, Viscount Gal- moy, a distinguished soldier, was, “ for some insolent or ill actions committed by him in these days in the Parish Church of St. Werburgh’s, Dublin, ordered to do penance in the said church, but it was remitted for some certain mulct to be given for the use of the poor of that Parish.” “This,” says a contemporary, “ I saw publickly performed at a vestry in the said church.” Samuel Eoley, wKo succeeded Dr. King, was appointed Bishop of Down and Connor in 1694, in which year he pub- » lished, in the “ Philosophical Transactions,” the first account given to the public of the Giant^s Causeway. ^ “ Good John Stearne, afterwards Dean of St. Patrick's, officiated here from 1702 to 1706. He was distinguished by his munificence to our literary establishments, his splendid collections of books and manuscripts, and his unbounded charity to the poor, as well as by his profuse hospitality ; for Dean J ohiTs “ beef and claret” were long famous in Dublin. Edward Synge was for six years minister of this parish, “ preaching almost constantly to crowded congregations :” owing to his zeal for the House of Hanover, he was promoted in 1714 to the Bishopric of Eaphoe, and in 1716 to the See of Tuam. His theological works are highly esteemed, and have been published in four volumes. He incurred much censure for some expressions used in a ser- mon at St. Werburgh^s, on Sunday, 3d October, 1714 ; a THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 55 contemporary manuscript in our possession states, that it was publicklie said in the City that the Doctor was preaching a new religion he accordingly printed the obnoxious sermon, as he says himself, “ to put a stop to the false and altogether groundless reports that had been spread abroad concerning it.” Dr. Synge, it has been remarked, was the son of one Bishop, the nephew of another, and the father of two Bishops, namely, Nicholas, Bishop of Killaloe, and Edward, Bishop of Elphin, commonly called Proud Ned.” In this church, in the last century, the charity sermons for relief of the surviving soldiers who had fought for King William III. were generally preached. The ungrateful manner in which those men were treated by the party who owed its ascendancy to their exertions, has been noticed by a late Pres- byterian writer : — Instead of being in any wise rewarded, they did not even receive the amount of pay which was acknowledged by parliament to be justly due to them. In 1691 the officers and men of both garrisons constituted Colonel Hugh Plamill of Lifford, their agent and trustee, and authorized him to make the necessary applications to the crown and to parliament for their arrears. Seven years afterwards he re- signed this office, and his brother, William Hamill, who resided principally in England, was appointed in his room. He used every effort in his power on behalf of his employers, ])ut without success j and in 1714 he published a statement of his proceedings and a strong appeal to the public, entitled ‘ A Memorial by Willianf Hamill, Gent., agent and trustee for the officers and soldiers of the two late garri- sons of Londonderry and Enniskilling in Ireland, their relicts and representatives. Dedicated to his principals.’ Lond. 1714, 8vo. pp. 40. This effort in their favour met with no better success ; and he was again compelled to lay their hard case before the nation in a second publication with this sarcastic and significant title, ^ A view of the danger and folly of being public-spirited and sincerely loving one’s country, in the deplorable case of the Londonderry and Ennis- killing regiments ; being a true and faithful account of their unpa- ralleled services and sufferings at and since the Devolution. To which is added the particular case of William Hamill, Gent, their agent.* Lond. 1721, 4to. pp. 74. From this work it appears that, after two and thirty years tedious and fruitless negotiations, the follow- ing arrears were still due to the eight regiments that formed the gar- rison of Derry during the siege : — Baker’s regiment, £16,274. 9s. 8d ; Mitchelburn’s, £9,541. 16s.; Walker’s, £10,188. 13s. 6d.; Munroe’s, £8,360. 2s.; Crofton’s, £7,750. 11s. 6d. ; Hamill’s, £8,969. 13s. 6d; Lane’s, £8,360. 2s. ; Murray’s, £5,312. 9s. 6d. ; making a total of £74,757. 17s. 8d., not a farthing of which appears to have been ever paid.’’ 56 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Although recent researches among original documents have proved that the garrison of Derry* vastly exceeded the num- ber of its besiegers, and that the history of other events of these wars has been equally falsified, no palliation is to be found for the shameful manner which the Irish Williamite officers and soldiers were defrauded by their employers. In 1715, we learn from official authority that the parish church of St. Werburgh’s was so decayed and ruinous, that the parishioners could not with safety assemble therein for the performance of Divine Service, and likewise, so small in extent, that great numbers of the conformable inhabitants were forced either to neglect the public worship of Almighty God or re- pair to other parish churches,” and as the parishioners were mostly shop-keepers and tradesmen who paid great and heavy rents,” the king granted the plot of ground on which the Council Chamber formerly stood, towards the rebuilding of " The account hitherto received of the siege of Derry in 1689 is now proved by incontestable evidence to be totally false. When that town was besieged, the number of its armed garrison amounted to 12,000 men, exclusive of 20,000 inhabitants; yet, although aided by an English fleet of 30 sail, they allowed themselves ttj be blockaded for three months by a miserably provided force of 6,000 Jacobites, who were unable to make any regular attack on the place, and obliged to divide their men to oppose the Enniskilleners. The Williamites, who deserved merit for their services in these wars, were deprived of their just recompense by the fraudulent and men- dacious representations of the Rev. Colonel George Walker, who arro- gated all the merit to himself, and while the foreign soldiers were fully paid. Colonel Mitchelburne and other Irishmen, deserving well of the Prince of Orange, were allowed to die of starvation. Another gross misrepresentation still exists with regard to Colonel Lundy, Governor of Derry. “ The real facts connected with Lundy’s conduct in the North, and afterwards in London, are, that he appeared before a Parliamentary Committee, where, on examination, he alleged, as the cause of his want of success, that he could not get the Ulster Wil- liamites to stand before the Irish ; and, moreover, he offered to submit to a trial in Derry itself, for whatever could be alleged against him. But a Committee of the principal Williamites — on which was, amongst others, his reverend calumniator, and the self-as^med military Go- vernor of Derry, Walker — gave it as their opinion, that it was not ex- pedient such a trial should take place. Yet this Lundy, whom the Ulster Williamites evidently would not dare to try, because they could not find him guilty of any thing, but not being able to resist the Irish in the field with a set of runaways, has been annually burned in effigy ever since by the Derry Orangemen, as a traitor.’’ For further remarks on the falsification of the history of the Irish wars of the Revolution, as demonstrated by the researches of Mr. O’Callaghan, the reader is referred to the Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. I., 4o2, 462. THE CLOSING ©F HOEY’S COUBT /f/S- ^ ® The Birthpiace of Swift To-day it is notified by the Corporation that, the Borough Surveyor having made the necessary statutory ' declaration that the portion of Iloey’s court, lying betweefi the Oastle steps and No. 13 being hitliefto a oubl’c thoroughfare, is no lorfger required for >he use of the public. Permission has been jliven to perhianently close it. This is the md of an historic .site in wliich the house yhere Bean 'Swift was born. According to John. Gilbert Hoey’s court was founded n the sixteenth century by Sir John uoey, of Junganstown, in the Co. ‘Wicklw. The birth^ >Iac6 of the great Dean of Ct. Patrick’s, was sh. 9, where he first^aw the light in 1667. H that period Hoey’s Court was inhabited Ov i iorrie of the chief lawyers of the day. Here psided Robert Marshall, third .sergeant i^Iar- hall, third Sergeant of the Exchequer, who vas a friend of Vanessa, and to whom she eft her property. In it the, Guild of Glovers, ud the Ccrporaticn of brewers had their ublio halls tii late in the eigliteenth ccniurv. ! It that time the owner was Parsons Hoey ' f the f Royal Navy, as a ‘‘ bad farmer, a mrse spertsmn, and a blustering Justice of he Peace, but great at potations. ” The /astle steps were formerly known as Qole’s \lley, and, had house.s on' both sides,' I'hich were removed, and the passage ex- |mded to Ship street for the insulation of le Castle. The Board of Works have erected [ memorial commemorating the birthplace of wift, and this is now all that remains to low^ what was once a famous place in the d citjf of Dublin- (brcthers-in-iaw)’ KeV P p , nooth, ill- Uath^vr fvh 1 ve?r£own Inle-ifa'tbnp A t te Si THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 57 the clmrch^ which was executed in 1718^ from the design of Isaac Willsj one of our m ost emTnenfarchitects, although ^ totally unknown to former autFors wdio undertook to write on ; the antiquities of Dublin. The low^er part of the new church i was the same as at present ; the upper story consisted of a lofty octagonal tower, adorned with Ionic pilasters, and crowned with a dome and cross. Of the clergymen connected with this church in the last century we may mention the Eev. Patrick Delany (1 730-to 1734), the intimate friend of Swift, author of the Treatise on Polygamy, and esteemed the best Dublin preacher of his day. John Blachford (1744-1748), father of Mrs. Tighe, authoress of ^"Psyche;” Sir Philip Hoby, Bart. (1748-1766); during his ministry, in the year 1754, an ac-eidental fire occurred in the church and burned its roof, galleries, organ, seats, and windows, leaving nothing but the stone work and bells. The church was again rebuilt, and a steeple erected with the funds bequeathed by Hoby, and by a contribution from the Archbishop of Dublin. Hoby, who was advanced to the Archdeaconry of Ardfert, likewise left a sum of money to purchase an organ,* which * Thomas Carter, organist of St. Werburgh’s, was the composer of the air “ Oh, Nanny, wilt thou gang with me.” He also composed the celebrated hunting song, “Ye Sportsmen give earj” and one of the most popular airs in “ Love in a Village.” Henry Dodwell, whose “ immense learning’’ has been eulogized by Gibbon, was born in St. Werburgh’s parish in 1641. Garrick’s rival, Spranger Barry, the great tragedian, was also a native of this parish. Hoey ’s Alley or Court, off Werburgh-street, was built early in the seven- teenth century on the site of St. Austin’s-lane. About the period of the Restoration, this court was the residence of the chief lawyers of Dublin. J onathan S wift , after war ds the Dean of St. Patrick’s, was born on the 3pth of Nove mbef7 IfiBTT at ^^0.^9, in Hoey’s court, the residence of his U uncle. Counsellor Godw in Swift. Although regarded by Tiis relatives in early life as an incumbranCfT^this court must have been his chief resort from the period of his return from the Kilkenny school in 1682, to enter Trinity College, until his departure for England in 1688. It is much to be regretted that no inscription or monument exists to indicate the birth- place of the man who possessed “ a genius equally suited to politics and to letters, a genius destined to shake great kingdoms, to stir the laughter and the rage of millions, and to leave to posterity memorials which can perish only with the English language.” Robert Marshall, third Sergeant of the Exchequer, resided here from 1738 to 1741. In 1753, he was appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Marshall was the friend of Swift’s Vanessa. On her death she bequeathed her entire property to him and George Berkeley, afterwards Bishop of Cloyne, with a request that they would publish the correspondence which had 58 THE IlllSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. was built by Millar of College-street, and first publicly per- formed on in June, 1768, in which year the building of^ the steeple was completed. Eichard Woodward was minister here from 1772 to 1778, when he obtained the See of • Cloyne. He acquired considerable notoriety by his pam- phlet reflecting on the principles of Eoman Catholics, which was vigorously assailed and exposed by the able and facetious Arthur O^Leary. We have shown that a clergy- man of St. Werburglfls was the first who introduced Irish types into this kingdom, and endeavoured to instruct the na- tives in their own language; it was reserved for his successor. Woodward, to advocate the extirpation of the Celtic tongue on the plea that it was not fashionable in England. For this ab- surd nroposition he was held up to merited ridicule by 0 Leary, who asked whether it would not be easier for one parson to study Irish than for a whole parish to learn the English lan- guage.^^ The Capuchin had the best of the controversy, and Bishop Woodward was forced to admit that his opponent re- presented matters strongly and eloquently, and that, Shake- speare like, he was well acquainted with the avenues of the human heart.^^ x- i> On the 3rd of May, 1787, the annual commemoration of Handel was held in St. Werburgh’s church. '‘A more ele- gant or brilliant auditory,” says a contemporary, ^Aiever ap- peared to honour the memory of that great musical ge- nius” « The church could with difficulty accommodate the numbers— the pews and galleries were filled in a short time. ^ Seats were fixed on each side of the centre aile — even these were insufficient, and o^^y were obliged to stand during the whole of the performance, ihe dispositions made were very well conceived. The performers, whose numbers were very great (about 300), but whose execution w;as still greater, were placed in an orchestra, extremely extensive, projecting before the organ on a temporary gallery built for the purpose, and gradually arising on each side to the roof of the church. passed between her and the Dean. They did not comply '^ifh this request, and Berkeley is said to have destroyed the original letters , copies were, however, preserved by Marshall, and they ‘ lishedinl825. William Ruxton, Surgeon- General, resided “oey sCourt till his death in 1783. The Guild of Glovers or fraternity the Virgin, founded by Patent of Edward IV. in Up, and the Corpo- ration of Brewers, or “ Guild of St. Andrew s then pubuc halls here till late in the last century. On the north side of Hoey s Court, stood Eades’s tavern, closed about 1813. THE STEEETS OF DUBLIN. 59 The following were the principal instrumental performers : — Conductor, Mr. Doyle. Organist, Mr. Cogan. Principal First Violins, Messrs. Weichsell, Neale, O’Reilly. Principal Second Vio- lins, Messrs. Fitzgerald, Beatty, Rivers. Principal Tenors, Sir Ilercules Langrishe, Messrs. Quin, French, Wood. Principal Vio- lincellos, Baron Dillon, Mr. Ashworth, Lord Delvin, Rev. Mr. Quin. Flutes, Messrs. Ash, and Black. Hautboys, Mr. Cook, Rev. Mr. Sandys. A throne, very superb in its construction, was prepared for the Duke of Rutland, the Lord Lieutenant, opposite the grand entrance door. About one o’clock his Grace entered, attended by his suite, and shortly after the performance began. To particularize any one instrumental performer would be doing injustice to the rest ; bewil- dered amidst such a display of excellence, the judgment is at a loss on whicl) to bestow the wreath, all were perfect in their line, and perhaps all deserve it. In the vocal performance, however, we must be more particular. It w'as often the subject of regret that the vocal abilities of our fair countrywomen were confined to a sphere rather circumscribed — that custom had placed a bar against their exercise in public. The present case, we are happy to find, furnishes an ex- ception to it. Lady Portarlington, Mrs. Stopford, and Miss Margram delighted the audience with their vocal powers. In the first act Mrs. Stopford executed the song, ‘ He shall feed his flock like a Shepherd’ admirably. Lady Portarlington was equally happy in the second act, song, ‘ He was rejected and despised of men,’ and Miss Margram was enchanting in the recitative, ‘ Thy rebuke hath broken his heart,’ and the airs, &c., that followed. In fine, the performance went off with great eclat. It is not enough to say, that it was excel- lent — an idea of it may be conceived by those who feel the fervor of harmony, but it is absolutely indescribable. The whole presented a scene of resplendence, which was not a little heightened by the beauty and elegance of the ladies, and the general satisfaction that sat on every face, gave an additional zest to the harmony. His Grace the Lord Lieutenant’s throne had a perfect command of the orchestra, in the centre of which, exactly under the conductor of the band, was placed a likenes.s of Flandel himself, esteemed a very good one.” In June, 1798, the corpse of the gallant but ill-starred Lord Edward Eitz-Gerald was conveyed from the gaol of New- gate, and entombed in the vaults of this church, immediately under the chancel, where it still lies. The dear remains,^^ writes the incomparable Lady Louisa Conolly “w’ere deposited by Mr. Bourne''^ in St. Werburgh^s * Rev. Richard Bourne was minister of Werburgh’s from 1781 to 1810, when he was advanced to the Deanery of Tuam. The reason for select- ing Werburgh’s church as the temporary burial place of “ Lord Edward” is not very obvious. Tradition states that many of the Fitz-Geralds were buried here in ancient days, which is partially confirmed by the 60 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. clmrcli, until the times would permit of their being removed to the family vault at Kildare. I ordered every thing upon that occasion that appeared to me to be right, considering all the heart-breaking circumstances belonging to that event; and I was guided by the feelings which I am persuaded our beloved angel would have had upon the same occasion, had he been to direct for me, as it fell to my lot to do for Um^ I well knew that to run the smallest risk of shedding one drop of blood, by any riot intervening upon that mournful occasion, would be the thing of all others that would vex him most ; and knowing also how much he despised all outward show, I submitted to what I thought prudence required. The impertinence and neglect (in Mr. Cook's office) of orders (not- fact of a large stone monument, apparently of the fifteenth century, having stood in the old church. It represents a knight and his lady in the usual recumbent position: on the knight’s shield is a cross in saltire, the arms of the Geraldines. This monument, with some other old pieces of sculpture formerly in the interior of the edifice, is now built into a portion of the south wall of the church. The original parish school-house, still standing on the North side of the churchyard, at present forms part of the warehouse of Messrs Sykes and Hull, army clothiers. The hoys of this sc hool in the last century were clad in an attire exactly similar to that of the “ Blue Coat Hospital,” whence Blue Boar-alley was sometimes styled Blue Coat-alley. James Southwell, “ Batchelor, born in the Parish of St. Werburgh’s,” who died in 1729, aged 88 years ; bequeathed £1250 to purchase £62. 10s. for ever, for certain purposes, among which were the following : — To a Lecturer to read prayers and preach a sermon, every second Wednesday, ^'20. Bread for the poor, after the sermon, 3s. 6d. each night, £4 6s. 8d. Candles in dark nights at lecture, £1 Os. Od. Coals for poor roomkeepers, £4 3s. 4d. To bind a Parish boy apprentice to a trade, £3. He also bequeathed £45 for a clock, £386 for a ring of bells, and £20 to twenty poor widows. Southwell is said to have been a silk merchant who resided on Cork-hill, near the site of the present Exchange. The Lecture is still regularly preached, and the allowance distributed to the poor. In 1760 Dr. Thomas Leland, author of the History of Ireland, the “Life of Philip Macedon,” and of “Sermons on various subjects,” 3 vols. 8vo. Dublin, 1768, was Southwell’s lecturer in St. Werburgh’s “ A new and mournful elegy, on the lamentable death of the famous usurer, James Southwell, who died raving mad, on Sunday, January tlie 19th, 1728-9,” printed by John Durneen, next door to the Waly’s head in Patrick’s-street,” contains several particulars relative to Southwell, and concludes as follows : — “ Rejoyce St. Werburgh's, toll your knells, To you he’s left a ring of bells ; A fine new ring, that when your steeple, Is higher built — to call the people ; Blew-boys, rejoyce 1 and eke ye poor. By him ye we got now something more. And but ye legatees complain. To whom he left his old jack chain.” THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 61 withstanding Lord Castlereagli had arranged everything as I wished it) had nearly caused what I had taken such pains to avoid. However, happily, nothing happened.^^ A guard,^^ says Lord Henry Eitz-Gerald, ^Gvas to have attended at Newgate, the night of my poor brother’s burial, in order to provide against all interraption from the different guards and patroles in the streets it never arrived, which caused the funeral to be several times stopped in its way, so that the burial did not take place till near two in the morning, and the people attend- ing obliged to stay in the church until a pass could be pro- cured to enlarge tliem.’’^ In 1841, the remains of Major Sirr, the assassin of '"Lord Edward,"" were deposited in this churchyard: the spot is marked out in the East corner by a broken flag with a short inscription, and shaded by a melancholy tree. The stone does not explicitly state that the town Major of ’98 was buried under it, and appears to have been originally placed over the corpse of his father who preceded him in that office, and was also distinguished by his bad character ; a fact unknown to the biographers of Lord Edward Eitz-Gerald. A more infamous tool than Henry Charles Sirr, was probably never employed by any government; the bare relation of his atrocities w'ould far exceed the wildest fiction which ever emanated from the brain of the most morbid romancist. Ihe horrors of Continental cruelties and secret tortures, depicted in the most terrible pages of Lewis, Eadcliffe, or Ainsworth, dwindle into insignificance when contrasted with the perpetrations of Sirr and his blood-stained associates, during the Irish reign of terror. "It was at that sad crisis,” says Curran, " that the defendant, from an obscure individual, started into notice and consequence. It is in the hotbed of public calamity, that such portentous and inauspicious products are accelerated without being matured. From being a town- major, a name scarcely legible in the list of public incum- brances, he became at once invested with all the real powers of the most absolute authority. The life and liberty of every man seemed to be given up to his disposal.” On an upright slab in the middle of St. Werburgh’s church- yard is to be seen an epitaph on John Edwin, one of the actors of Orow-street theatre, who died in 1805, from chagrin at the illiberal criticism of the anonymous author of the " Familiar Epistles on the present stale of the Irish Stage.” The writer 6 ^ THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. of those Epistles/^ we may remark, gained considerable noto- riety in the year 1 849, by his vituperative attack on the greatest English essayist of the present day, who, however, did not allow himself to be snuffed out by an article.” The steeple of this church, 160 feet in height, termin- ating with a gilt ball and vane, formed one of the chief ornaments of Dublin from whatever side it was viewed, but ! having been found in a dangerous condition, i t was r emoved ' although' Mr. Jenson, " theTrtr"^inent architect, offered to secure it in a ! permanent manner. The same iconoclastical body, in 1836, ! had the tower of the church taken down, and unhung the bells, which are still preserved in tlie vestibule. Before the Castle chapel was rebuilt, St. Werburgh’s church was one of the most fashionable in Dublin, it was regularly attended by the Lord Lieutenant and his suite, and was always densely thronged. The state seat is stiff to be seen, in front of the organ. It is difficult now to determine at what exact period theatrical representations were first introduced into Dublin. An ancient custom, we are told, prevailed for a long time in the city always against the great festivals of the year to invite the Lord Deputy, the nobility, and other persons of quality and rank to an entertainment, in which they first diverted them with stage plays, and then regaled them with a splendid banquet. The several corporations also upon their patroAs days, held themselves obliged to the like observances, which were for a long time very strictly kept up and practised.'’^ In the accounts of the cathedral of St. Patrick, for the year 1509, we find iiis. id. charged for Thomas Mayowe, ludenti cum vii. luminibus at Christmas and Candlemas, and iv5. vii^/. for the Flayers '' with the great and the small angel and the dragon at Whitsuntide."" These were, however, but representations of the nature of miracle plays. The first notice we have of a regular dramatic piece performed in Dublin is to be found in a writer of the early part of the last century, who tells us, that Mr. Ogilby the Master of the Bevels in this Kingdom (who had it from proper authority) informed Mr. Ashbury, that plays had been often acted in the Castle of Dublin when Blount, Lord Mountjoy, was Lord Lieutenant here in the latter end of the reign of Queen Elizabetli. And Mr. Ashbury saw a biff for wax-tapers, dated the 7th day of THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. OS September, 1601 (Queeu Elizabeth's Birth Day), for the play of Gorb oduc ^ done at the Castle, one and twenty shillings and two groats." But it is to be supposed," adds the same author, they were gentlemen of the Court that were the * This, according to the highest authority, is “the earliest extant piece in English that can with any fitness he called a tragedy. Its cor- rect, if not its. most ancient title, is ‘ Tlie tragedy of Ferrex and Porrex,’ but it only bears it in the second edition of 1571, while it is' called ‘ The tragedy of Gorboduc,’ in the copies of 1565 and 1590.” The following particulars may serve to give an idea of the internal arrangements of the Theatres, at the close of the sixteenth and early part i of the seventeenth century. Public Theatres were open to the sky except the Stage and Boxes or “Rooms.’* The Stage, covered on great oc- casions with mats, but in general strewed with rushes, was provided with trap-doors, pullies, &c. Moveable scenery began to be used about 1636 ; previous to its adoption it was customary to affix a board in a conspicuous part of the Theatre, on which was indicated, in large letters, the place intended to be represented. The musicians played between the acts, and are supposed to have been placed in a box or “ room” at the j side of the stage : the present position of the orchestra, between the { audience and the stage, was first introduced from France after the Re- I storation. The place where the spectators stood was uncovered, and ‘ called the ‘‘yard.” There were also “ twopenny galleries” and boxes, the admission to the latter was one shilling. Several young gallants, to make themselves conspicuous, used to gain admission through the “ Tiring Room,” and having hired three- legged stools for sixpence or a shilling, they sat on the stage, attended by their pages, whose office was to keep their masters’ pipes filled with to- bacco. The curtain, composed of arras and worsted, until the middle of the seventeenth century, opened in the centre, running upon a rod. Besides the curtain in front, there were other curtains at the back of the stage, called “traverses,” which, when drawn, served to make another and an inner apartment, when such was required by the business of the play. Private theatres, of which class the one in Wer- burgh-street probably was, were of smaller dimensions than the public play-houses, and entirely roofed in from the weather ; the perform- ances being by candle or torch light, although in the day time. They had pits furnished with seats; the visitors had a right to sit upon the stage, and the boxes or rooms were enclosed or locked. The usual hour for dinner, at this period, was twelve o’clock, and the play began at three : the Prologue was spoken by an actor in a black cloak, after a trumpet had been thrice sounded ; between the acts se- veral tunes were played by the musicians. After the conclusion of the play, the more cheerfully to dismiss the spectators, a “jig” was per- formed. This is supposed to have been “a ludicrous composition in rhyme, sung or said, by the clown, accompanied by dancing and playing upon the pipe or tabor.” On a conspicuous part of the outside of the theatre was placed a sign ; a flag was hoisted on the top to give notice of the performance, and was lowered at the conclusion of the entertain- ment. Play-bills were used at this time, but they are supposed not to have contained the names of the actors. The audiences of the old theatres amused themselves with reading, playing at cards, drinking, and 64 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. actors on this occasion.-"' The late J. C. Walker, an excel- lent Italian scholar but a shallow Irish antiquary, ques- tioned the authenticity of this statement, because he was un- able to discover the bill referred to. Ashbury, however, would scarcely have descended to an unprofitable forgery, and he may have had an opportunity of seeing the document, spoken of, in private hands or in some of the offices of the Government with which he was connected for nearly sixty years. It must also be recollected that the fire of 1711 de- stroyed many original papers which had survived the troubled times of the Revolution. The ""Black Book" of the King’s Inns contains an entry in Hilary term 1630 of a payment of two pounds to the "" Players for the grand day we have no means, at present, of de- ciding whether this performance was of a theatrical or musical nature. In 1633 John Ogilby came to Dublin in the train of the Viscount Wentworth, by whom he was occasionally employed as an amanuensis ; while here he began his trans- lation of Esop’s Tables, a version still in repute, and also wrote the poem called the ""Character of a Trooper," esteemed a very witty production at the time. By the favor of the Lord Deputy and the influence of his friends, Ogilby was enabled to build a "" little theatre" in Werburgh-street. The time was peculiarly favorable for such an undertaking. In 1634 a Parliament, the first for nineteen years, was held in Dublin, and the number of Peers who sat in it amounted to above fifty. The splendour of the Court of Dublin during the Vice-Royalty of Strafford far exceeded any- thing before known in the city. ""Other Deputies," says the Earl in 1633, ""kept never an horse in their stables, put up the King’s pay for their troop and company in a manner clear into their purses, infinitely to his Majesty’s disservice in the example ; I have threescore good horse in mine, which smoking, before or during the performances. Fruit was sold m the theatre, and the cracking of nuts, to the great annoyance of the per- formers, was one of the chief amusements. Ben Jonson speaks ot “ the vulgar sort Of nut-crackers, who only come for sight:” and in Beaumont and Fletcher’s “ Scornful Lady, we are told of » fellows, that at ordinaries dpe eat Their eighteen-pence thrice out before they rise, And yet go hungry to a play, and crack ^ More nuts than would suffice a dozen squirrels. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 65 will stand me in twelve hundred pounds a year, and a guard of fifty Toot waiting on his Majesty’s Deputy every Sunday, personable men and well appointed. Other Deputies have kept their tables for thirty pounds a week ; Upon my faith it stands me (besides my stable) in threescore and ten pounds when it is at least.” The author of the “ Epistolm Ho-Elianae,” writing from Dublin during Strafibrd’s Yice-gerency, says, Here is a most splendid Court kept at the Castle, and ex- cept that of the Yice-roy of Naples, I have not seen the like in Christendom ; and in one point of grandeza, the Lord De- puty here goes beyond him, for he can confer honours, and dub knights, which that Yice-roy cannot, or any other I know of. Traffick encreaseth here wonderfully, with all kind of bra- very and buildings.” A tourist who had travelled through Holland, the United Provinces, England and Scotland, tells us in 1035, that ^‘Dublin is beyond all exception the fairest, richest, best built city he had met with (except York and Newcastle) ; it is far beyond Edenborough ; only one street in Edenborough (the great long street) surpasseth any street here. Here is the Lord Deimty resident in the Castle, and the state and council of the Kingdom,” This city of Dublin,” continues the same author, '' is extending his bounds and limits very far ; much additions of building lately, and some of these very fair, stately and complete buildings ; every commodity is grown very dear. You must pay also for an horse hire Is. 6d. a day. There are various commodities cried in Dublin as in London, which it doth more resemble than any other town I have seen in the King of England's dominions.” Besides the many noblemen who sojourned at this period in Dublin, we find some distinguished men among the lawyers many of the most eminent of whom were then Eoman Catho- lics. Of the disciples of Themis the following may be noticed Patrick Darcy, author of the '"Argument” deli- vered before the Irish House of Commons in 1641, and afterwards member of the Supreme Council of Kilkenny. Sir Audiey Mervin, distinguished both as a soldier and a lawyer, who had the hardihood, in 1640, to impeach Sir Kichard Bolton, the Lord Chancellor, the Bishop of Derry, Sir Edward Lowther, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and Sir George Radcliffe. Sir James Barry, Second Baron of the Ex- E 66 the IRISH aUARTERLI? REVIEW. chequer and founder of the house l"63r“ ^sl^BicSS^BoltonrLord' Chancellor, who in 1628 SS=%--3igi!S!i of Ireland Particulars Ly !iifrnrh ruresTnted a picturesque appearance during ot Houses of Correction pe"’’ contains a reference sturdy Beggars, and “‘her tewde and dl p impostors at to strolling players, “g^j^fmentioned in it are the Gypsies, "appearances IrelanI'S this early period has not been noticed ’’"'“Ind be it further enacSd by ‘1“ sonsfcaUing themselves "rs. go^ subtile craft, going about in any ® f^brninf til to have knoivledge or unlawfull games or play , ° crafty Science, or pretending in Phisiognoiuie, Palmestry, or 1 i y ^ ^^sticall imagma- that they can tell Destmyes, oi such o^ej^ Procurers tions, all persons that b, Qaoles, Prisons, or Hospitals . A1 Patent.Gatherers, or Co|l^octors lor ij , Minstrels Fencers, Beare-wards, Common-playe^^^.^ persons, and common la- wandring abroad; all J,' ^ ^ging lovtering. and refusing to bourers, being persons able ^y.,^ commonly 8"'“ 1“ worke for such reason^le ‘ ^ shall happen to abide or dwell, ruch parts, where such persons all persons deliv ■ not having living otherwise trawaile begging, all out of Gaoles, that loss by fire or otherwise, ad such as shall wander bee Egyptians, or wander in the arc^appointed by a statute made 33 of lung Hcni} + lio oiorVlt.” _-j '••ii THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 67 the hours which immediately preceded and followed the the- atrical performances. At these times it was doubtless thronged with numbers of gallants^ with their long and curling locks, their peaked beards and their small up-turned moustaches, and clad in doublets of silk, satin or velvet, with large loose sleeves, slashed up the front ; the collar covered by a falling band of the richest point lace, with that peculiar edging now called Vandyke ; a short cloak worn carelessly on one shoulder ; the long breeches, fringed or pointed, meeting the tops of the wide boo.ts, which were also ruffled with lace or lawn. A broad-leafed Flemish beaver hat, with a rich hat- band and plume of feathers, set on one side the head, and a Spanish rapier, hung from a most magnificent baldrick or sword belt, worn sash-wise over the right shoulder.” Ihe excess to which luxury in dress was carried in Dublin about this period, called forth the interference of the legisla- ture, and in 1634; it was ordered by the Irish House of Com- mons, that the proposition made against the excessive wearing of bone lace, and of gold and silver lace, shall be referred to the consideration of the Committee of Grievances, to consider what persons and degrees are fit to use the same, and liow, for to report their opinion thereon to the House/’ In 1637, Ogilby’s friend, James Shirley, came to Dublin, and appears to have taken considerable interest in the Werburgh- street theatre, where his tragi-comedy of the Eoyal Master” was performed as w^ell as at the Castle, in the presence of the Earl of Strafford, on New Year’s Day at night.” His plays of The Doubtful Heir,” first styled Eosania, or Love’s Victory, ^_^St. Patrick for Ireland,” and the "^Constant Maid,” were likewise written for, and first performed at the theatre in Werburgh s-street. About the same period, several of the plays of Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Eletcher and Middleton, were also acted there. The following was the Prologue spoken to one of Eletcher’s plays in Werburgh’s-street at this time I am come to say, you must, or like the Play, Or forfeit, gentlemen, your wits to day. ’Tis Fletcher’s Comedy : if after this. Detraction have but so much breath to hiss. An English poet bid me tell you, when He shall salute his native shores again. He will report your stories, all this while False, and that you have serpents in this isle. 68 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. For your own sakes, though th’ actors should not hit, Be, or seem, wise enough to like the wit.” The interval between the Parliament of 1635 and that of 1639, appears to have deprived the theatre of some of its best supporters, in the persons of the members of the Houses of Peers and Commons: this is evident from the following ad- dress of the players : — We are sorry, gentlemen, that with all pains To invite you hither, the wide house contains No more. Call you this term ? if the courts were So thin, I think ’twould make your lawyers swear. And curse men’s charity, on whose want they thrive. Whilst we by it woo to be kept alive. I’ll tell you what a poet says : two year He has liv’d in Dublin, yet he knows not where To find the city: he observ’d each gate ; It could not run through them, they are too strait. When he did live in England, he heard say. That here were men lov’d wit and a good play ; That here were gentlemen, and lords ; a few Here bold to say, there were some ladies too : This he believ’d, and though they are not found Above, who knows what may be under ground ? But they do not appear, and missing these. He says he’ll not believe your Chronicles Hereafter, nor the maps, since all this while, Dublin’s invisible, and not Brasil ;* * This is, we believe, the first notice in an English writer of “ that enchanted island called O’ Brasil, and in Irish Beg-ara, or the lesser Aran, set down in eards of navigation,” and which is said occasionally to appear on the West Coast of Ireland. “ Whether it be,” says an old writer, “ reall and firm land, kept hidden by speciall ordinance of God, as the terrestial paradise, or else some illusion of airy clouds appearing on the surface of the sea, or the craft of evill spirits, is more than our judgments can sound out.” A curious and rare tract, entitled “ O Brazile, or the Enchanted Island, being a perfect relation of the late Discovery, and wonderful Disinchantment of an Island on the North of Ireland.” London: 1675, has been reprinted by Mr. Hardiman. On this subject the late Gerald Grifiin wrote a ballad entitled, ‘ ‘ Hy Brasail — The Isle of the Blest,” of which the following is the first verse : “ On the ocean that hollows the rocks where ye dwell, A shadowy land has appeared, as they tell ; Men thought it a region of sunshine and rest. And they called it Hy- Brasail, the isle of the blest. From year unto year, on the ocean’s blue rim, The beautiful spectre showed lovely and dim; The golden clouds curtained the deep where it lay, And it looked like an Eden, away, far away.” None of our bibliographers appear to have been acquainted with a tract entitled, “A Voyage to O’Brazeel : or, the sub-marine Island. Giving THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 69 And all that men can talk, he’ll think to be A fiction now above all poetry. But stay, you think he’s angry ; no, he pray’d Me tell you, he recants what he has said ; He’s pleas’d, so you shall be, yes, and confess We have a way ’hove wit of man to please ; F or though we should despair to purchase it By wit of man, this is a Woman’s wit.” ivj-1 ® refeiTed to, is supposed to have been Middleton s Comedy of No wit : No help like a Woman’s ” which was not printed till 1657. The ensuing prologue shows ttiat Werburgh’s-street theatre was, as usual at the time in England, occasionally used as a place for bear-baiting and cudgelling : — ° Are there no more ? and can the Muses’ sphere At such a time as this, so thin appear ? W e did expect a session, and a train So large, to make the benches crack again. There was no summons, sure : yes, I did s*ee The writs abroad, and men with half an eye Might read on every post, this day would sit Phmbus himself and the whole court of wit. There is a fault. Oh give me leave to say I * You are not kind, not to yourselves, this day • When for the pleasure of your ear would come Fletcher’s dear shade to make Elysium Here, where each soul those learned groves might see. And all the sweets are fam’d in poesy. Were there a pageant now on foot, or some Strange monster from Peru or Afric come Men would throng to it ; any drum will bring ( 1 ha,t beats a bloodless prize or cudgelling*) Spectators hither ; nay the bears invite Audience, and bag-pipes can do more than wit. Tis pity ; but awake, brave souls, awake, 1 hrow off these heavy chains for your own sake : Uh do not grieve the ghost of him, whose pen .nad once the virtue to make statues men. And men turn statues ! less could not befit I heir justice, and the wonder of his wit Stoop, when you touch the laurels of the dead : Be wise, and crown again the poet’s head." Sn ? ?752 translated out of the original Irish, 70 THE IllISII QUARTERLY REVIEW. In a Prologue to a play called the Genera]/^ acted about the same time in Werburgh-street, but now lost, having never been printed, we find the actors threatening a withdrawal to the country : — There are some soldiers then, though but a fev/, Will see the ‘ General’ before they go ; You’re welcome. Players have suffer’d since you came. And wounded too in fortunes and in fame : Your drums and trumpets carried all the town Into the fields, and left them here to moan Their own sad tragedy, for want of men Enough to kill ’em. Strange ! the benches then Were all the grave spectators, but that here Some cruel gentlemen in your hangings were. 0 dreadful word vacation ! But they mean To be reveng’d upon ’t, and change their scene Awhile to th’ country, leave the town to blush. Not in ten days to see one cloak of plush. 1 do but think how some, like ghosts, will walk For money surely hidden, while the talk O’ th’ city will be, would the term* were come ! Though law came with it, we would make it room. And own our faces in the shop again. And for a time hope to converse with men, To trust, and thank ’em too. This is a curse For their not seeing plays, or something worse : But to you, gentlemen, whom we have no art To multiply, welcome, with all my heart. The General should have a guard ; but we Conceive no danger in this company : But if you fear a plot from us, alas ! Here are so few, I think the play may pass.” Shirley returned to England in 1638. His coming to Ireland has never been accounted for ; it is not, however, improbable that he had relations here. ^Ee find Sir George Shirley, Chief Justice of the King^s Bench, in Ireland from 1620 to 1649 : and Sir John Tracy, created by Charles I. Viscount of Eathcool, in the county of Dublin, was connected by marriage with the Shirleys of Sussex, whence the poet is supposed to have sprung. The most eminent dramatic critic and antiquary of the present day tells us, that both Shirley s tragedies and comedies will bear comparison with those of an}" of Shak- * Plavhouses were most frequented in term time, for then the town was fullest, and then it was that new plays were often brought out.” THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 7] speare^s contemporaries.^^ He is justly regarded as the last of the old English school of dramatists ; and it is not im- probable that he may have, while in Ireland, composed some plays with which we are unacquainted, and which, like others acted at Ogilby’s theatre, are now lost. George, Earl of Kildare, Baron of Ophalie, and Premier Earl of the King- dom of Ireland,^^ appears to have been a patron of Shirley ; to him he dedicated his Eoyal Master It was my happiness,” says the poet, being a stranger in this kingdom, to kiss your lordship’s hands, to which your nobleness, and my own ambi- tion encouraged me ; nor was it without justice to your name, to tender the first fruits of my observance to your lordship, whom this island acknowledgeth her first native ornament and top branch of honour.” In 1639, "Landgartha, a tragi-comedy,” was presented in the new theatre in Dublin,” with great applause. This play was founded on the conquest of Erollo, King of Sweden, by Eegner, King of Denmark, with the repudia- tion of Eegner’s Queen, Landgartha. The scene was laid in Suevia or Suethland; and the prologue was spoken by an Amazon, with a battle-axe in her hand. Henry Burnell, of the old Anglo-Norman family of that name, was the author of Landgartha he also wrote some other plays, which, having never been published, are not now accessible. Owing to the disturbed state of the country, the theatre in Werburgh- street was closed by order of the Puritanic Lords Justices, in the year 1641, and Ogilby* joined the royalist party, as the actors in England did on the breaking out of the civil wars. We are told, that among other dangers, he narrowly escap,ed being blown up by an explosion of gunpowder at Eathfarnham castle, shortly after this period. His time, however, cannot have been mis-spent in that stately mansion built by Queen Elizabeth’s Lord Chancellor and the first Provost of Trinity College, when we recollect that its governor, just re- turned from Oxford, was Dudley Loftus, one of the most eminent linguists of the seventeenth century, and who * All former writers who have written on the Dublin theatres tell us that John Ogilby was appointed Master of the Revels in Ire- land in the reign of Charles I. This, however, is but one of their many errors resulting from the neglect of examining original docu- ments, which show that he did not obtain that appointment till after the Restoration. 72 . THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. was able to translate twenty different languages into English before he had attained his majority. His father, at the com- mencement of the disturbances of 1641, procured a garrison to be placed in his castle at Eathfarnham, and Dudley, ap- pointed governor, is said to have done good service in defending Dublin from the incursions of the mountaineers. The gun- powder explosion was, doubtless, the result of some of the young governors practical jokes ; for, although admitted to be one of the most profound Oriental scrholars and jurists of his day, he was all through life distinguished by his love of raillery and levity. This,^^ says an old writer, gave occasion to a great but free spoken Prelate, who was well acquainted with him, to say, ^ that he never knew so much learning in the keeping of a fool.'’ In ancient times, and so early as the first part of the fifteenth century, a jyassa^ existed from Werburgh- street, nearly op- posi te the church, to Nicholas-street, and was called from its positimi *Hynd-street . It w^as also known as "Ticus Sutorum^^ or the SEoemaker’s-street, and St. Yerberosse’s or Saint Werburgh’s lane. This passage was built over about the year 1580, and at its termination in Werburgh-street stood, in the seventeenth century, the Pour Court s Marshalsea. This was probably the military priso n" dfuf rngTEelnm e of the Common- wealth, mentioned in the following extracts from the original record of the proceedings of the Courts martial, in Dublin, now for the first time printed, from the authentic manuscript documents, signed by the President and the other officers. '‘AttaCourt Martiall held in the Castle of Dublin, 3° Maii, 1652. Thomas Powell, being accused for mutinous speeches by him uttered against his superiour officer, and for departing from his colours without license, and thereof found guilty by his owne confes- sion, it was ordered, that he shall be led on Wednesday next from the martialsees to ye Callowes with a rope about his necke, where he is for the space of an hower to stand upon a stoole with ye said rope tyed about his necke to the Callowes, having an inscription upon his brest denoting that he suffers punishment for mutinous words spoken against his superiour officer, and for deserting from his colours. Major Manwaring, Informant, John Walker, Defendant, 21 Junii, 1652. “ The Defdt being accused for stealing his comrade’s coate which he confessed, the Court therefor upon his owne confession pronounced him guilty, and being tryed by the last article of Administration of Jus- tice, it was decreed that he shall be carried from the marshalseys to ye THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 73 Gallowes with a rope about his necke, by which he is to be drawne up soe high to ye Gallowes as to stand on tip toes, in which posture he is to receive twenty lashes, this evening at ye tyme of Parade, this same punishment to be twice more inflicted on him at such tyme as the president shall appoint.” The Marslialsea* having been removed from this locality, a ^^fair honse'^ was built in its place, and inhabited by Crofts, * On the West side of the street stands Derby or Darby-square, an oblong piece of ground, about 80 feet in length, surrounded by houses, the number of which originally was twelve. These appear to have been built by one Darby who, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, was waiter in Dick’s Great Coffee House in Skinner Row. “ I went to Dick’s,” says an English writer in 1699, “after calling for a dish of coffee, my questions were, * Where is Darby ?’ (he is Dick’s servant, but as honest a lad as lives in Dublin) ; ‘ Is there a Packet come from England ?’ ” Darby himself subsequently owned a Coffee House in Skin- imr Row, and we find that Mr. Thomas Connor died in 1729, “who married the widow Darby, owner of Darby Square.” The “ Square’’ became the residence of many of the chief lawyers and attorneys dur- ing the first half of the eighteenth century. In it was held the Registry office as early as 1741, the Examiner’s oflice of the Court of Chancery till 1744, and the office of the masters in Chancery was kept there till 1744. At the entrance from Werburgh’s-street was the shop of Samuel Dalton, bookseller and publisher, from 1730 to 1741. In the year 1785, , a portion of the pavement of the square suddenly gave way and dis- closed a cavern, forty feet deep, containing a great quantity of coflins and bones. The oldest inhabitants, at the time, had no idea that there was any vault or cavern in the place. Darby Square was probably built on a portion of the grave y ard of St. Nicholas Church , which, in ’ •>< - ancient times, being one of the oldest in the city, must have extended considerably towards AVerburgh’s-street. In the north-west corner of the square is a door leading to a plot of ground on which Astley’s Amphitheatre stood in 1787. The proprietors of the Theatre Royal of Dublin on learning Astley’s intention of visiting the city, in order to stop his proceedings, took every piece of ground on which they considered a circus could be erected. They, however, over- looked the plot on the North of Derby- square, where Astley built his theatre in the short space of three weeks. Immense numbers flocked to witness the feats of horsemanship, and all the approaches to the circus were densely thronged from six till seven o’clock in the evenings. The box entrance was through the north side of Darby-square, where a portion of it is still visible : the admission to the pit was from “ Salter’s-court,”now partially enclosed, and the gallery entrance was through “ Wilme’s- court” in Skinner’s-row. During the troubles of 1798, a corps of yeo- manry, of two hundred men, principally inhabitants of the Liberty, and known as the “ Liberty Rangers,” used to march to this green at twelve o’clock on Sundays to perform their military evolutions. The costume of this corps was a blue coat with green facings, white breeches, and high laced buskins : their head dress was a kind of helmet, afterwards exchanged for the regular infantry cap, and they were armed with rifles and bayonets. This body, dissolved in 1805, performed much of the outpost duty during 1798, for which they were regularly “ told 74 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Deputy Clerk of the Tholsel, about 1678. Towards the middle of the last century the “ Phcenix Tavern, ’’ kept by James Hoey in this edifice, was one of the most fashionable and most frequented houses of its time in Dublin. In 1749, in the height of the agitation of Charles Lucas, when conversation ran high on the rights of Ireland, the '' free and independent citizens'" who supported the inde- fatigable tribune used to hold political dinners here four times in the year. In 1752 we find it... fregMntgiLbj,^^ Lodge of Lreemasons, it was mTo at this time the resort or tEe^ntTemen "of the County of Eoscommon, and the usual place for the great dinners of the Society of the Bar ; who in 1755 entertained, here the Speaker of the Irish House of Commons, the Eight Hon. Thomas Carter, the celebrated Anthony Malone, Bellingham Boyle, of the great Shannon fa- mily, and other leaders of Irish politics, at that time. The Hibernian Society for the improvement of education in Ireland' held their dinners and meetings here in 1758. About the same period this was the place of meeting of the Briendly Blorist Society,’" and it may be interesting to notice some of the prizes which they gave to encourage the propa- gating and cultivating flowers in this kingdom."" ‘^^To the person who shall raise the best Polyanthus from seed 1 6s. 3d. Por the second best ditto 8s. To the person who shall raise the best Auricula £1. 10s. Por the second best ditto 15s."" Here, in 1762, the Prussian Club used to dine on their anniversaries : dinner being then served at half past three o'clock. This body was formed at the time when the greatest enthusiasm was excited in Dublin by the victories of Prederick the Great. In 1768, the American Club" resorted to this house, as did also, in the succeeding year, the “Corsican Club," formed in Dublin “to support the cause of liberty and Paoli." In the year 1771, at eight o’clock on every Tuesday evening, the “ Constitutional So- off in the Weaver’s Hall, on the Comb, which formed their head quar- ters. The green off Darby-square was formerly almost level with the floor of the square : owing, however, to the accumulation of rubbish from dilapidated buildings, it has now attained an elevation nearly equal to the drawing-room story of the neighbouring houses, and is at present a v ell cultivated garden. Darby-square was originally lighted by five large globe lamps, which, with the iron gates of the square, were taken down about the year 1820 . THE STllEETS OF DUBLIN. 75 ciety^^ opposed to the government of Lord Townshend, used to meet in the great room of the Phoenix Tavern to discuss political questions. The admission was by tickets sold at the bar for one shilling each, for which attendance was given and wine moderately distributed.” This Society was founded by the Rev. Thomas Baldwin of Parliament-street, who died in October 1772 ; medals were given to the best speakers, and the attendance became so large and so fashion- able that that it was found necessary to transfer the- meetings to the Music Hall in Pishamble-street, as before noticed. About the same time the Amicable Catch Club^^ held their meetings at the Phoenix. At this period, it may be remarked, that the great number of carriages and costly equipages of noblemen and wealthy commoners resident in Dublin rendered the streets of the city abnost impassable. The Phoenix Tavern appears to have been closed after the death of its proprietor, James Hoey, in 1773. We have thus from a variety of authentic sources brought together a collection of reminiscences connected with two of the more obscure streets of Dublin. The lengthened research demanded by inquiries of this nature can only be estimated by those conversant with the difficulties and obstacles which beset the investigator in a department of our literature hitherto to- tally neglected. The value and importance of such illustrations has long been recognized. Without an accurate knowledge of those by-ways of history, it would be impossible for the historian or the novelist to place before us true pictures of the men and manners of past ages. O A K) U i' THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEAV. Art. III.— the STEEETS OE DUBLTX. NO. II. In the majority of European cities the most ancient streets are usually to be found in the vicihity of the castle or chief fortress of the town^ the protection afforded by which was an object of paramount importance to the burghers during the unsettled state of society in the middle ages. Castle street, in the city of Dublin, or Yicus castrV^ as it is styled in the old records, is nearly coeval with the first establishment of the Anglo Norman power in Ireland. In the year 1235, while Henry III. filled the throne of England, we find a portion of this street mentioned as the habitation of certain artizans engaged in the manufacture of armour ; and from a pipe roll of A.D. 1260, it appears that the king’s exchequer was situated on the south west part of Castle street, even be- fore that early period. The antiquity of the locality w^as further confirmed by the discovery there, about a hundred years ago, of an ancient leaden water pipe, bearing upon it an inscription of the thirteenth century. ‘'^The entrance into the castle from the city,^^ says a writer in 1766, ^^was on the north side, by a drawbridge, placed between two strong round towers from Castle street, 'which took its name from the fortress. The towers were called the gate-towers, and the most west- ward of them till lately subsisted, the other having been some time before pulled down, to make a more commo- dious entrance into the court of the castle. The gate-way between these towers was furnished with a port-cuUis, armed with iron, to raise or let down as occasion required, and to serve as a second defence, in case the drawbridge had been THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 77 ^TOfT’ surprised by an enemy. Since the invention of artillery, two pieces of great ordnance were planted on a platform opposite to the gate, to defend it, if the drawbridge and portcullis should happen to be forced. From the western* gate-tower, a strong and high courtin extended in a line parallel to Castle-street as far as another tower which in the last century took the name of Cork-tower upon the following occasion. On the first of May, 1624, about nine o^ clock in the morning, this tower suddenly fell down, and being only in part re-built at the charge of the publick, Eichard Boyie, the opulent and first earl of Cork, in the year 1629, undertook to finish it at his own expence, and in the accomplishment thereof disbursed 408/. His arms, and an inscription were fixed in the wall, at the place from whence he carried the work. This tower has been since demolished to make room for other buildings.^^ On the south side of the street was situated Austin's lane, extending to Austin's gate in Ship street. This took the name of Austin’s gate, either as it was dedicated to that saint, or, as it afforded a passage to the friars of that order to attend the citizens in their nightly confessions and other duties^ when the principal gates of the city were kept close shut and guarded." On a portion of this lane stood the house of sir James Ware, which is described in 1618, in an official docu- ment, as all the place, tenement, or house and shop, occu- pied by Thomas Pinnocke, goldsmith, deceased, and now by James Ware, esq., with two small gardens annexed, situate within the precinct of the castle ditch; and extending from the castle bridge to the city wall w^est of the said bridge ; and from the castle west and north of the said castle." The first of the old Trench family of de Warr, le Ware, or Ware who settled in Ireland, was James Ware who came over as secretary to lord deputy Pitz William in 1588, five years after which he w'as ap|)ointed clerk of the common pleas in the exchequer. He afterwards obtained a reversionary patent for the office of auditor general to commence on the death, forfeiture or surrender of the then present officer (Christopher Peyton), dated the 28th July, 44 Eliz. This last was an employment of good reputation and considerable profit, which continued near a century in his family, except for a short interval dur- ing the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell, and the several succeed- ing governments until the restoration. The benefit and in- come of this office enabled him to make several considerable the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. purchases in the county and city of Dublin and elsewhere.’^ His eldest son, James, born in Castle street in 1594 studied with distinction at Trinity college, Dublin, then under the government of its fourth provost, the learned William Temple, grandfather of the celebrated Irish author aud statesman of the same name, and also distinguished for having been the secretary of sir Philip Sidney, until the death of that ac- complished knight after the battle of Zutphen, after which he acted in the same capacity for the earl of Essex. Ware continued about six years in the university ; and having left it he prosecuted his studies at his father’s house with the utmost application. It was here he fell under the notice of Dr. Usher, then bishop of Meath, who discovering in him a great propensity to the study of antiquities, and an inclination of employing himselt among old records and manuscripts, encouraged him in that sort of learmng, in which he so much delighted himself : and from that time mei e continued a close and mtimate friendship between them, i hat learned prelate concludes the first edition of one of his immOTtal works in these words, ^ Interim dum nos, &c. In the meantime hav- ing finished that task, which I looked upon as a debt due by me to mv country and fellow-citizens, while I am entering into the consi- deration of digesting into method the antient chronology of the Hebrews, Greeks, Romans, and other nations, the courteous reader may, from the labours of sir James Ware of Dublin, knight, our most worthy auditor-general, expect the annals of Ireland, togethei with a catalogue of the writers of our country, out of which drawn a considerable supplement to those particulars m which 1 have been defective.’ And it was in that very year 1639, m which the archbishop’s book de Primordiis came out, that our author pub- lished his treatise ^de scriptoribus Hibernise.’ But this w^as after his father’s death. His father thinking it convenient he should procured him a match to both their satisfactions. It was Mary, the daughter of Jacob Newman* of the city of Dublin, esq. But this alteration in his condition did not in the least take him ott from his beloved studies. Pie had begun to gather manuscripts, and'inake collections from the libraries of Irish antiquaries, and genealogists, and from the registries and cartularies of cathedrals and monasteries, in which he spared no expence. He had recourse, when he pleased, * He was clerk in the rolls office in tlie court of chancery. Among the “Lansdowne Manuscripts” in the British Museum are preserved ex- tracts “out of the white book of the excliequer which was burnt m sir Francis Aungier’s closet at Jacob Newmans m 1610. From this book, otherwise known as “ liber albus scaccarii,’ sir John DaMes quotes cei? tain curious old English verses in his “ Discoverie of the true causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued, nor brought under obedience to the croime of England,” till the reign of James I. THE STllEETS OF DUBLIN. to the choice collections made by Dr. Usher, as well as to those of Daniel Molyneux, Ulster king at arms, a very curious antiquary, between whom the similitude of their studies had cemented a strict friendship. Our author takes occasion in one part of his works to call him, ^ venerandae antiquitatis cultorem.’ When he had gleaned all he could for his purpose at home, he resolved to take a journey to England, not doubting but he should reap a plentiful harvest by consulting the libraries both public and private there. He arrived at London in the beginning of April, 1626, where he had the satisfac- tion to find his dear friend Dr. Usher, then archbishop of Armagh, who introduced him into the acquaintance of sir Robert Cotton, and obtained him a ready access to his curious and valuable library. Sir Robert entertained him with much friendship, and kept up a constant intercourse of correspondence with him for the five remaining years of his life. Having furnished himself with many materials from sir Robert’s vast treasury, and from many other places, particulary from the records of the tower of London (great collections from both which places I have seen in his hand-writing, and which are now in the college library), he returned into Ireland in company with the primate of Armagh, and immediately published a tract entitled, ^ Archiepiscoporum Cassiliensium et Tuamensium vitae, duobus ex- pressaB conmentariolis.’ Dublinii, 1626, 4to. Two years after he published another piece intitled, ‘De praesulibus Lageniae, sive provinciae Dubliniensis. Liber unus.’ Dublinii, 1628, 4to. These two treatises he afterwards melted into one book under the more general title, ‘ De praesulibus Hiberniae.’ About this time also, he published his ^ Caenobia Cistertientia Hiberniae;’ which was after- wards included in his ^ Disquisitiones de Hibernia,’ and, with other monasteries, completed the twenty-sixth chapter of his Antiquities. In the latter end of the year 1628, he passed again into England, and carried with him some manuscripts, which he knew would be acceptable to sir Robert Cotton, particularly a fair cartulary for- merly belonging to St. Mary’s abbey near Dublin ; in the title page whereof sir Robert wrote these words, which are yet to be seen in his own hand-writing, viz., ‘Donum viri clarissimi Jacobi Waraei.’ In this journey he added considerably to his collections, and having been made acquainted with Mr. Selden, and other learned and curious men, he returned home about the end of summer 1629, and soon after received the honour of knighthood from the hands of the lords justices, sir Adam Loftus, lord chancellor, and Richard Boyle, earl of Cork, lord treasurer, the latter of whom had a great friendship for him, and by his last will as a testimony of his affection and love bequeathed to his worthy friend sir James Ware, ‘a gelding of his own breed.’ His father was still living; so that there were two knights of the same name and surname residing together in one house at the same time, they always living together.” After the death of his father in 1632, sir James was called from his studies to fill the vacant office of auditor general, and soon became distinguished for his knowledge and judg- ^80 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. ment in public affairs. He was considered a “ very honest and able officer^^ by the lord deputy Strafford, who consulted him on all occasions, and procured him a place in the privy council. The clergy and bench of bishops held so high an opinion of his integrity that the two houses of convocation in 1634 specially requested that he should be one of the commissioners to whom their affairs were to be referred by the state. Nor was he wanting on his side to cultivate this good opinion conceived of him, not only by his services to them upon all occasions, but also in the affairs of his office of au- ditor general, by remitting the fees due therein to clergymen and clergymen’s widows, which he never would receive."” In 1639 he was elected to represent the university of Dublin in parliament, where he strenuously, though vainly, opposed the proceedings of the enemies of his patron Strafford, to whom he had dedicated his history of the writers of Ireland,” pub- lished in 1639, his edition of Spenser^s Yiew of the state of Ireland, and the Irish histories of Campion and Haumer. After the rising of 1641 Ware distinguished himself by the active support which he gave to the royal cause, and in 1643 he was dispatched with lord Edward Brabazon and sir Henry Tichborne to arrange with Charles I., relative to a treaty with the confederate Irish. They left Ireland early in December 1644, and arrived safely to the king at Oxford. While they stayed with the king, sir James employed all the time he could spare from his publick business, in conversing with the learned men of that university, or in studying in the publick libraries, collecting whatever materials he judged might be afterwards useful in compiling the books which he had in view to publish. During his attendance he was complimented with the honorary degree of doctor of laws, and highly caressed by most of the considerable men then at Oxford. At length, the business these commissioners went about being concluded, about the end of Decem- ber they took leave of his majesty, not without many kind expres- sions of grace and favor. On their return to Ireland, they were pursued at sea by a parliament ship commanded by captain Swanley. Sir James finding no hopes of escaping, just as the enemy were boarding the vessel, cast the king’s pacquet of letters, directed to the marquis of Ormond, into the sea. They were sent prisoners to the tower of London, where they continued upwards of ten months ; but were at last released in exchange for the lady Moor, sir Robert Meredith, sir Robert Hanway, sir Patrick Wemys and others, who had been committed prisoners in Dublin, being taken up for a treacherous attempt to betray the town of Drogheda to the Scotch covenanters. Our author employed some part of this tedious im^ prisonment in writing an imaginary voyage to an Utopian island.” THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. c\ Cl r\ Having regained his liberty he returned to Dublin and was appointed, with the earl of Hoscommon and the lord Darnbart, to enquire into the conduct of the earl of Glamorgan. In the progress of the war, w^heii the Protestants of Ireland had divided themselves between the king and the parliament, our author sided with the royal party, and zealously adhered to the marquis of Ormond, who ever after entertained a great and personal affection for him, which he evidenced upon all occa- sions, both before and after the restoration of king Charles the second. Thus we see lum high in the favour of two chief governors, and both of them exact judges of merit. On the surrender of Dublin to the parliamentarians in 1647, Ware was one of the hostages for the full performance of the treaty. “ The agreement for the surrender of the city of Dublin being fully executed, the hostages were licensed to depart. Our author returned to Dublin, where he lived for sometime in a private condi- tion, having been stripped of his employment of auditor-general, which was given to doctor Robert Gorges, who enjoyed it until the restora- tion of King Charles II. Michael Jones, governor of Dublin, some- time after took umbrage at our author, and thought it not convenient, that a person of such unshaken loyalty to the royal family, and one who had obstinately refused their darling covenant, should continue in that city ; where he might have had the opportunity of forming a party prejudicial to the cause he was engaged in ; and the rather, as at that time the marquis of Ormond,_who had returned into Ireland, began to grow formidable by an union with the army of the supreme council, and many of the Presbyterians under tho command of the lord Ardes. Jones therefore sent a peremptory order to sir James Ware to depart the city, and transport himself beyond the seas into what country he pleased, except England. He chose France for the place of his banishment, and Jones furnished him with a pass for himself, his eldest son, and one servant, signed April the 4th, 1649. He landed at St. Maloes, where he resided a short time, of which he takes notice in the eleventh chapter of his Antiquities. From St. Maloes he removed to Caen in Normandy, and from thence to Paris ; where the acquaintance he contracted with some eminently learned men, made the misfortune of his banishment sit easy on him.^ The frequent conversations he had with the famous Bochart delighted him extremely ; in whose company he could have been contented to have spent the residue of his life. He highly admired that learned man, and had so great an esteem for his works, that, upon his return to Ireland, he thought his ‘ Hierozoicon’ a present worthy to be made to the library of the university of Dublin. He wrote at this time a book, entitled, ‘ Itinerarium Gallicum,’ which in his return through England, he presented to Sir Robert Cotton in manu- script.” • Qfl- THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. After a residence of two years in France, the parliament granted him a licence to return, and in 1654 he published ^^his masterpiece"’ entitled “De Hibernia et antiquitatibus ejus disquisitiones,"’ which was followed in ] 656 by his edition of St. Patricks writings, styled Sancto Patricio, qui Hibernos ad fidem Christi convertit, adscripta opuscnla.’" After the restoration he was reinstated as auditor general and obtained other offices of importance through the influence of the duke of Ormond, who, being constituted lord lieutenant of Ire- land, was pleased to distinguish him in a very peculiar manner, by advising with him upon all occasions, and when the gout hindered his attendance at the council table, the duke would frequently visit him at his own house. — His majesty, in consideration of his faithful services for a great number of years, and possibly not forgetting a handsome sum of money which he had sent him in his exile, was graciously pleased to offer to create him a viscount of the kingdom of Ireland. He thankfully refused the honour, and in regard his estate, by a general entail created on the marriage of his eldest son, was likely to go to a female heir. For the same reason he refused to be created a baronet. But at his request the king granted him two blank baronets" patents, which he filled up and dis- posed of to two friends, whose posterity to this (1745) day enjoy tlie honours. Afterwards, when the magistracy of the city of Dublin was dignified with the title of lord mayor in 1665, it was well known how instrumental he was, by the favour he had with the duke of Ormond, in obtaining a grant from the crown of 500/. a year, for the maintenance and support of that new dignity. The hurry of business (which upon such a revolution, and total change of affairs, must be very great) being now over, our author found leisure to put the last liand to some works which he designed for the public."" Accord- ingly in 1662 appeared his annals of Ireland during the reign of Henry YIII., followed in 1664 by a portion of the works of venerable Bede, and in 1665 by his history of the Irish bishops, under the title of De prsesulibus Hiberniae com- mentarius ; a prima gentis Hibernicae ad fidem Christianae conversione, ad nostra usque tempora.” His death, on the first of December, 1666, prevented him from continuing his publications for which he had amassed considerable materials. Our author, sir James Ware, was of a very charitable disposi- tion, and frequently contributed good sums of money to the relief of THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. 6r3 the indigent and necessitous, especially to the they who adhered to they royal cause were then called) whom he often invited to his plentiful table, being noted for hospitality. He alway forgave the fees of his office to widows, clergymen and cler- gymen’s children ; and was frequently known to lend money, w he had no prospect of repayment, not knowing how to deny any body who abked. There is one remarkable instance of his generosity. A house in Dublin, forfeited by the rebellion, was granted to him. He sent for the widow and children of the forfeiting person, and conveyed it back to them. He had a great love for his native country, and could not bear to see it aspersed by some authors which put him upon doing it all the justice he could in his by setting matters in the fairest light, yet still with tbe strictest re- gard to truth : and this was not an easy task for one who had no perfect skill in the Irish language ; ^ who could make a shift to read and understand it (says a late author) but was utterly ^ speaking it; and yet by his great industry, among those who were perfectly knowing in • Irish monuments, than some who pretended to be better versed m the language.’ He always kept in his house an Irish f “^^uejisis, to interpret and translate the language for him, and at the toie of h death one Dudley Firbisse* served him in that office. He was at the pains of making a large collection of valuable manu^scripts relat ing to the affairs of his country ; for some of which be spai ed o costs in the purchase. They fell into the hands of the earl of Clarendon, when he was lord lieutenant of Ireland, in the reign of king James Ild, who carried them with him into England, where they were afterwards sold to the duke of Chandois, who at this time * This was Duald Mac Firbis, the most learned Irish historian of his day. He belonged to the ancient clan of the same name which en- joyed a castle and lands in Tireragh, by virtue of their hereditary office of historiographer. While in Dublin Mac Firbis translated the Registry of Clonmacnois, and Annals of Ireland from A.D. 1443 to 1468, witb the following epigraph : “ This translation beginned was by Dudley Firlisse, in the hSuse ofsir James Ware, in Castle-street, Dublin, 6th November, 1666.” These annals, together with the author’s history of the tribes and customs of Tireragh, have been published by the Irish Archgeological Society, as noticed in the Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. i. The death of Mac Firbis took place in 1670 and by it our antiquities received an irreparable blow his genealogical manuscript, trans- cribed bv Mr. Curry, is one of the most valuable documents in the library of the Royal Irish Academy. The Rev. WiUiani Reeves informs us that “ The Clarendon manuscripts in the British Museurn are in a great measure, composed of sir James Ware’s compilations and collections. They embrace an immense mass of historical treasure not to be found elsewhere. Among other matters they contain the extracts from the rolls and the various authorities which formed the basis of Ware’s history of the Irish bishops. Lord Clarendon took them to England ; after whose death they were purchased by tlie duke ot Chan- dos, and at his sale they passed to dean Milles, who bequeathed them to the Museum.’’ su THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. (1745) hath them in his possession. There was a catalogue of them printed in Dublin before the year 1641, and another at Oxford in the year 1697 among the manuscripts of England in large folio. The works he published gained him great reputation both at home and abroad, especially his ^ Antiquities in which his skill and industry are peculiarly conspicuous. Most authors both foreign and domestick, who have occasion to mention him, speak honourably of him, and they are not a few in number. Waving what others have said, let it suffice to instance Dr. Nicholson, late bishop of Derry, who among other encomiums calls him the Camden of Ireland.” Eew distinguished men of the seventeenth century have left behind them a more amiable character than sir James Ware. Amid the active employments of public life he contrived to pro- duce those elaborate works which still maintain a high character in the Irish historical library. Eespected abroad for his learning, and venerated'at home for his loyalty, integrity and pliilanthropy, he passed through the stormy times in which he lived without creating a single personal enemy ; happy in the consciousness of having scrupulously fulfilled his duty in the important offices which were entrusted to him, of having advanced the literary fame of his country, and of having applied a considerable portion of his wealth to the relief of suffering humanity. Although, as noticed in a former paper, no monument exists to denote his last resting place in St. Werburgffis church, the Irish Archaeological Society have testified their respect for his memory by placing his portrait on the title pages of the works issued under their superintendence. On a portion of the site of Austiffis-lane and sir James Ware's house, the buildings forming Hoey’s court were erected in the seventeenth century, apparently, by sir John Hoey, founder of the family of Dun- ganstovvn, county Wicklow. In the Declaration of the commons assembled in parlia- ment, concerning the rise and progress of the grand rebellion in Ireland" we find the following among other charges; That in March, 1639, the earl of Strafford carryed with him into Ireland, sir Toby Matthews, a notorious, pernicious Eng- lish jesuited priest (banished at the beginning of this parlia- ment upon the importunity of both houses) lodged this priest over against the castle of Dublin, the house where the earl did himself reside, and from whence this priest daily rode to publique masse-houses in Dublin, and negotiated the engaging of the Papists of Ireland in the war against Scotland." This sir Toby Matthew, one of the most extraordinary charactei’s THE STREETS OF DUBLl!^. of his time, eldest son of the erudite and witty archbishop of York of the same name, was early distinguished for his learn- ing, which procured him the intimate friendship of sir Francis Bacon, whose Essays he translated into Italian. During his travels abroad, Matthew was induced to embrace the Roman Catholic religion by the learned Jesuit, Robert Parsons, and received holy orders in 16 L4 from cardinal Bellarmin, at Florence. On his return to England he was imprisoned, but through Bacon he obtained his liberty and repaired to the Continent, where he became acquainted with the duke of Buckingham, who procured him permission to return to Eng- land, and brought him on the expedition with prince Charles to Spain, relative to the match with the infanta. For his services^ in the latter affair, king James received him into favor and created him a knight in 1623. He became a general favorite at court from his versatile talents, for he distinguished himself as a politician, a poet, a painter, an author and a man of gallantry ; of the last he gave indisputa- ble proof by his verses on Lucy, countess of Carlisle, she being the goddess that he adored.’^ He w^as highly esteemed by the earl of Strafford, and bitterly hated by the Presby- terians ; sir William Boswell, the king’s agent at the Hague, describes him as follows, in a letter written in 1640 : — “ Sir Tobie Matthew a jesuited priest, of the order of politicians, a most vigilant man of the chief heads, to whom a bed was never so dear that he would rest his head thereon, refreshing his body with sleep in a chair for an hour or two ; neither day nor night, spared he his machinations, a man principally noxious, and himself the plague of the king and kingdom of England; a most impudent man, who flies to all banquets and feasts, called or not called ; never quiet, always in action and perpetual motion, thrusting himself into all con- versations of superiors. He urgeth conferences familiarly, that he might fish out the minds of men. Whatever he observeth thence, which may bring any commodity or discommodity to the part of the conspirators, he communicates to the pope’s legat, and the more secret things he himself writes to the pope, or to cardinal Barba- rino. In sum he adjoins himself to any man’s company, no word can be spoken, that he will not lay hold -on, and communicate to his party. In the mean time whatever he hath fished out, he reduceth into a catalogue, and every summer carrieth it to the general Con- sistory of the politician Jesuits, which secretly meet together in Wales, where he is an acceptable guest.” An English Protestant writer, who gives us a somewhat more THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. amiable character of this pernicious’' Jesuit, says, I shall only tell yon that he had all his father s name, and ^ many of his natural parts ; was also one of considerable learning, good memory, and sharp wit, mixed with a pleasant affabihty in behaviour, and a seeming sweetness of mind, though some- times, according to the company he was in, pragmatical and a little too forward.” Among his various works Matthew is said to have written a treatise to shew "'the benefit that proceeds from washing the head every morning in cold water ; and it was also believed that he had begun a history of his own times, still unpublished and probably containing some par- ticulars relative to his sojourn in Ireland which appears to have been very brief. Sir Toby died at the Jesuits’ house in Ghent in 1655, aged seventy-seven years; he bequeathed to the order a sum of eleven thousand scudi which was ex- pended in purchasing the vineyards of Magliana, and other property in the vicinity of Eome. Castle street is also connected with the history of the rising of the Irish in I6II. Sir Phelim O’Neil, one of the principal actors in that revolutionary movement, asserted, on his exami- nation in 1652, "that about a quarter or half-a-year before the beginning of the rebellion, the plot thereof was discovered to him by the lord Macguire and Eoger Moore; and they two, with Philip O’Eeily and himself, had several times in Dublin met and discoursed of the plot. That at some of the meetings colonel John Barry, sir James Dillon, Anthony Preston and Hugh Mac Phelim were present. That there was an oath of secrecy administered to such persons as were made privy to the plot, and that the oath was given to him at his chamber in Nelson’s house. Castle-street, by the lord Macguire and Eoger Moore. That at their meetings it was agreed, the several forts should be taken ; and to that purpose lie was appointed to take Charlemount ; the lord Macguire, Enniskillen ; Barry, Preston, Moore and Plunket, the castle of Dublin ; sir James Dillon, the fort of Galway ; and sir Morgan Cavenagh and Hugh Mac Phelim, the fort of Duncannon.” The usual lodging of Conor Macguire, baron of Enniskillen, attainted and executedin 1644, forhaving engaged in theatteinpt made by the native Irish to regain the lands and rights of their ancestors, was at "one Nevil’s, a chirurgeon, in Castle-street, near the pillory.” The lords Justices, in their despatch to the lord lieutenant, Eobert, earl of Leicester, dated Dublin, THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. 25th of October, 1641, give the following details of the pro- ceedings in Dublin on the day of the intended rising ; Calling to mind a letter we received the week before from sir William Cole, we gathered that the lord Macguire was to be an actor in surprizing the castle of Dublin, wherefore we held it neces- sary to secure him immediately, thereby also to startle and deter the rest, when they found him laid fast. His lordship observing what we had done, and the city in arms, fled from his lodging early before day, it seems disguised ; for we had laid a watch about his lodging, so as we think he could not pass without disguising himself, yet he could not get forth of the city, so surely guarded were all the gates. There were found at his lodging hidden some hatchets, with the helves newly cut off close to the hatchets, and many skeans, and some hammers. In the end the sheriffs of the city, whom we imployed in strict search of his lordship, found him hidden in a cockloft, in an obscure house far from his lodging, where they apprehended him, and brought him before us. He denied all, yet so, as he could not deny but he heard of it in the country, though he would not tell us when, or from whom ; and confessed that he had not advertised us thereof, as in duty he ought to have done. But we were so well satisfied of his guiltiness by all circumstances, as we doubted not upon further examination, when we could be able to spare time for it, to find it apparent : Wherefore we held it of absolute necessity to com- mit him close prisoner, as we had formerly done Mac Mahon, and others ; where we left him on the three and twentieth of this month in the morning, about the same hour they intended to have been masters of that place, and this city. That morning also we laid wait for all those strangers that came the night before to town, and so many were apprehended whom we find reason to believe to have hands in this conspiracy, as we were forced to disperse them into several gaols : And we since found that there came many horse-men into the suburbs that night, who finding the plot discovered, dis- persed themselves immediately. When the hour approached, which was designed for surprising the castle, great numbers of strangers were observed to come to town in great parties several ways ; who not finding admittance at the gates, staid in the suburbs, and there grew numerous, to the terrour of the inhabitants. W e therefore to help that, drew up instantly and signed a proclamation, commanding- all men, not dwellers in the city and suburbs, to depart within an hour, upon pain of death, and made it alike penal to those that should harbour them, which proclamation the sheriffs immediately proclaimed in all the suburbs by our commandment. Which being accompanied with the example and terrour of the committal of those two eminent men, and others, occasioned the departure of those multitudes. And in this case, all our lives and fortunes, and above all, his majesty’s regal power and authority being still at the stake, we must vary from ordinary proceedings, not only in executing mar- tial law as we see cause, but also in putting some to the rack to find out the bottom of this treason, and all the contrivers thereof, which we foresee will not otherwise be done.’’ 8 ^ THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Shortly after the commencement of hostilities, the lords Justices, wanting money to pay the army, issued a proclama- tion, on the fourteenth of January, 1642, ordering “ all man- ner of persons of what condition or qualitie soever, dwelling in the city or suburbs of Dublin, as well within the liberties as without, within ten daies next after publication of the said order, doe deliver or cause to be delivered half or more of his, her or their plate to William Bladen, of Dublin, alderman, and John Pue, one of the sheriffes of the same citty, taking their hand for receipt thereof, to the end use may be made thereof for the present relief of the said officers. And this board by the said order did give the word and assurance of his majestie and this state, that as soone as the treasure shall arrive forth of England, due satisfaction shall be made after the rate of five shillings the ounce, for such plate as is true tuch, and the true value of such as is not of such tuch to the owner thereof, together with consideration for forbearance for the same, after the rate of eight pound per cent per annum.^’ The inhabitants of the county of Dublin were also invited to contribute on the same terms, and it was ordered that the said William Bladen and John Pue doe meet every day (except the sabbath day) at the dwelling house of the said William Bladen, scituate in Castle street, in Dublin, and there continue every forenoon from nine till eleven of the clock, and every afternoon from two till four of the clock, there to receive the said plate, and to give acknowledgments of the receipts thereof, expressing the parties name from whom it comes, and the weight, tuch, and value thereof — and we thinke fit that the said William Bladen and John Pue doe call to their assis- tance Gilbert Tongues and Peter Vandenhoven (goldsmiths), who with the said William Bladen and John Pue are to view the said plate and the value thereof.'" The silver* thus * The remembrance of this transaction was preserved in the name of an alley on the south side of Castle-street, named Silver court,” in the second house of which, “ next door to the sign of the Golden ham- mer and hart,” the “Dublin Intelligence” was published in 1728; as also another newspaper with the following title: — “ it. Dickson. The * Silver court gazette, containing an impartial account of the most ma- terial news, foreign and domestick.” Printed by Richard Dickson in Silver court in Castle-street, opposite to the Rose Tavern.’’ At the “Civet cat in Castle-street, opposite to the Rose tavern,” lived Dr. Jaque (1706) who used “ to practice according to the laudable THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. -tn obtained was hastily coined into several kind of species of difl'erent shapes. One kind has only the weight stampt on them, as nineteen penny- weight eight grains — nine penny- weight eight grains — three penny-weight twenty grains — one penny- weight six grains. Another sort, instead of the w^eight, has only the value, Y. for five shillings.'’^ William Bladen was lord mayor of Dublin in 1647, and he appears to have held the office of state printer both under Charles I. and the commonwealth ; in noticing the low condition to which the press was reduced at this period, the Eev. Dr. Tjeland tells us that an order was sent to Ireland, conceived in the full spirit of arbitary power. ^ That the printer (for there was but one) in Dublin should not suffer his press to be made use of, without first bringing the copy to be printed to the clerk of the council; who, upon receiving it, if he found anything tending to the prejudice of the commonwealth, or the public custom of Holland for the easy fee of one shilling for each visit, and to attend families for fifty-two shillings per annum, and single persons at twenty-six shillings, according to his printed proposals.” On the north side of the street stands Pembroke court, apparently so called from the earl of that name who was lord lieutenant of Ireland in 1707. Many of the early publications of the celebrated George Faulkner was printed in this court ; among others, the first collected edition of the “ drapier’s letters’’ (1725), and a periodical called the “ country gentle- man.” Of the various booksellers and printers who resided in Castle -street we may notice John North (1659); SamuelDancer at the sign ofthe “ horse shoe” (1663j; John Leach (1666); Joseph Wilde(1670); M.Crooke(167l); Samuel Helsham at the “ college arms,’’ next door to the “ bear and rag- ged staffe”(1685); Patrick Campbell (1695); William Dowdall, next door to the sign of London(1704). At the “ stationers’ arms*’ in Castle-street, in the reign of James II. was the shop of Elinhal Do b^n. the most eminent Dublin bookseller and publisher of his day. He was attainted in the parliament of 1689, and returned to his former habitation after the evacuation of Dublin by the Jacobites. “ Eliphal Dobson’s wooden leg,” says an English writer in 1707, “ startled me with the creaking of it ; for I took it for the crepitus ossium, which I have heard some of our physicians speak of. Mr. Dobson is a great Dissenter, but his pretence to religion does not make him a jot precise. He values no man for his starched looks or supercilious gravity, or for being a Churchman, Pres- byterian, Independent, &c. provided he is sound in the main points wherein all good men are agreed.” Dobson was succeeded by his son and namesake ; and in 1737 we find Stearne Brock, bookseller, at the “ stationers’ arms,” Castle-street. Of the other pubhshers in the locality it may sutfice to mention Thomas Benson at Shakespeare’s head (17*28) j Laurence Flynn (1766) ; and John Hillary, of 54 Castle-street, who pub- lished “ Pue s Occurrences” after purchasing that newspaper in 1776. V THE lUISH aUARTEllLY REVIEW. peace and welfare, should acquaint the council with the same, for their pleasures to be known therein.^ The printer of Castle street, it may be observed, was the ancestor of colonel Martin Bladen, appointed comptroller of the mint in 1714, three years after which he declined the office envoy extraor- dinary to the court of Spain. His translation of Caesar s commentaries appeared in 1750 ; he was also author of t\\o dramatic pieces. Pope describes him as a gamester, and notes that he lived in the utmost magnificence at Paris, and kept open table frequented by persons of the first quality Png- land, and even by princes of the blood of Prance. Colonel Bladen was uncle to two distinguished men— W illiam Collins, author of the ode on the passions, and Edward lord Hawke, one of the greatest characters that ever adorned the British' navy ; but most remarkable for the daring courage which induced him on many occasions to disregard those forms of conducting or sustaining an attack, which the rules and ceremonies of the service had before considered as indispensa- ble.’^ Speaking of colonel Martin Bladen, Warton observes. He was uncle to my dear and lamented friend Mr. William Collins the poet, to whom he left an estate, which he did not get possession of till his faculties were deranged and he could not enjoy it. I remember Collins told me that Bladen had given to Yoltaire, all that account of Camoens inserted in his essay on the epic poets of all nations, and that Yoltffire seemed before entirely ignorant of the name and character of Camoens. Sir Daniel Bellingham, thej^^jpti.-.mayor ,of Djihitf. held his maYoraltv_in the year 1665 in a large elegant struc- tW^lreSSTby^ the site of a portion of an ancient passage named Cow-lane, at the corner of Pishamble- street and Castle-street. While the Scandinavians ruled Dublin, its chief magistrate appears to have been styled Mor or '' great steward”; after the Anglo-Norman settlement we find the name changed to F^- vost. The provosts and bailiff’s were generally men of Nor- man or Prench descent, and of those who distinguished them- selves by their munificence Johnle Decer, provostm idUS, 1309, and 1324, may be noticed;— He at his own charge made a marble cistern in the street to receive water from the conduit in Dublin for the benefit of the inhabitants (such as was never before seen there.) He also a THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. little before built a bridge over the Liffey, near the priory of St. Wolstan, and a chapel dedicated to the B. V. Mary in the Francis- can monastery, wherein he was afterwards buried himself. He also erected another chapel to the B. V. Mary in St. John’s hospital. His bounty to the Dominicans is also* celebrated ; for he erected a large and elegant stone pillar in their church, and presented to the friars a large stone altar with all the appurtenant ornaments, and entertained them at his own table every Friday out of charity. It is also recorded in the registry of the Dominicans of Dublin, that this generous magistrate in a time of great scarcity raised a vast sum of money, and furnished out three ships to France, which returned in two months laden with corn, and that he bestowed one of the ships^ loading on the lord justice and the militia, another on the Dominican and Augustin seminaries, and reserved a third for the exercise of his own hospitality and bounty. At the same time the prior of Christ -church being destitute of corn, and having no money to buy it, sent to this worthy mayor a pledge of plate to the value of 40?. but he returned the plate and sent the prior a present of twenty barrels of corn. These beneficent actions moved the Dominicans to insert the following prayer in their litany, viz. Orate pro salute majoris, ballivorum, et coramunitatis de omni civitate Dubliniensi, optimorum benefactorum huic ordini tuo, nunc et in hora mortis.’ ” The position of Dublin, surrounded on every side by hostile native clans, rendered it necessary that the citizens should be prepared to resist their incursions, and occasionally to carry the war into the enemies" country; the provost consequently became a semi-military character, generally marching at the head of the city troops when the lord lieutenant sallied forth to do battle with the Irishry. In consideration of the services thus rendered to the crown of England, Henry lY. in 1407 granted a licence that the provost for the time being, and his successors for ever, should bear before them a gilded sword, for the honor of the king and his heirs, and of his faithful subjects of the said city, in the same manner as the mayors of London had borne before them ; and in 1409 the title of provost was changed into that of mayor. Xhe military forces of the city were antiently composed of twenty corporations, commanded in chief by the principal magistrate, and every company under the guidance of their respective masters, as captains, subordinate to whom were appointed lieutenants, and other inferior officers. The foot, consisting of twenty companies, were mustered and exercised four times a year. First, on Easter Mon- day, commonly called ‘ black Monday,’ from a disastrous accident which happened (A;D. 1209) to the citizens of Dublin on that day. Secondly, on May-day ; Thirdly, on Midsummer-eve ; and Fourthly, THE lUISH QUAUTETILY REVIEW. on St Peter’s eve On ‘ black Monday’ and Midsummer-eve the mayor and sheriffs mustered and commanded 'bull-ring^ Ent on the other two days the mayor and sheriffs ot the bull ring h^d tTe chief tmmand 'of the bacLlors who were t^ mustered before them. The horse wer£ mustered on 5 then commanded in chief by the sheriffs of the city. The , ihese ZsTers were defrayed by fines levied on such freemen as had been married the foregoing year. The mayor, “'1 P™;'P‘‘/be top of sat at these musters under a pavillion oi tent ® of paying a butt • and every person so married, being below the estate ot pay b whence the new married man took the may which without any foundation of authority. A writer in 1580, well acquainted with zens, has left us the following notice of the chief officeis ot tl city in liis time : — Thp hosnitalitie of the maior and the shiriffes for the year being, is o la ge“l‘^"nOfSl, that soothlie (London fore pr.ced) vene few suet officers under the crowne of England keepe ^^leat^a S^VrsTh^t at his^h^^^ fcn-Jiis yearo yet his ordmarieisso good ^ ,„aioraltle (as those of Z.E 2s ™'S ‘IE™ h.“. State or attend master, Tranio, m jny stnad^ Keep house, and servants ^s^I^should. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. shipfull gentleman, named Patrick Scarsefield,* that bare the office of the maioraltie in Dublin, who kept so great port in this year, as his hospitalitie to his fame and renowne resteth as yet in fresh memorie. One of his especiall and entire friends entringin communication with the gentleman, his yeare being well neere expired, mooued question, to what he thought his expenses all that yeare amounted to ? Trulie James (so his friend was named) quoth maister Scarsefield, I take between me and God, when I entered into mine office, the last saint Hierome his day (which is the morrow of Michaelmasse, on which daie the maior taketh his oth before the chiefe baron, at the exche- ker, within the castell of Dublin) I had three barnes well stored and thwackt with come, and I assured my selfe, that anie one of these three had been sufficient to haue stored mine house with bread, ale, and beere for this yeare. And now God and good companie be thanked, I stand in doubt, whether I shall rub out my maioraltie with my third barne, which is well nigh with my yeare ended. And yet nothing smiteth me so much at the heart, as that the knot of good fellowes that you see here (he ment the serjeants and officers) are readie to flit from me, and make their next yeares abode with the next maior. Andcertes I am so much wedded to good fellowship, as if 1 could mainteine mine house to my contentation, with defrai- eng of flue hundred pounds yearelie ; I would make humble sute to the citizens, to be their officer these three yeares to come. Ouer this, he did at the same time protest with oth, that he spent that yeare in housekeeping twentie tuns of claret wine, ouer and aboue white wine, sacke, malmeseie, muscadell, &c. And in verie deed it was not to be maruelled ; for during his maioraltie, his house was so open, as commonly from flue of the clocke in the morning, to ten at night, his butterie and cellars were with one crew or other fre- quented. To the haunting of which, ghests were the sooner allured, for that you should neuer marke him or his bed fellow (such was their buxomnesse) once frowne or wrinkle their foreheads, or bend their browes, or glowme their countenances, or make a soure face at anie ghest, were he neuer so meane. But their interteinment was so * This family was of Norman extraction ; among those summoned from Ireland in 1335 to attend John Darcy, justiciary, with arms and horses in his expedition to Scotland, were John Sarsefield de la Belagh, and John Fitz David de Sarsefield. The Sarsefields filled the office of lord mayor of Dublin in 1531, 1554, and 1566. It appears from the unpub- lished records of the court of exchequer in the reign of James I. that sir William Sarsefield held the manor of Lucan in capite by annual service of four pair of gloves and a tabor ; “ the payment, thereof many yeares in arrear and but lately come to light being cleane forgotten to be remember- ed, called upon and written for till perusal of the ancient pipe rolls of this court by Roger Downton, clerk of the pipe, same found out and by him recontinued in charge. He shall bring into court ten pair of gloves and one tabor, and for the residue referred to the commissioners of arreares.” A demand was accordingly made for ‘ ‘ twenty two tabors and so many pay re of gloves,” Sarsefield, however, pleaded his patent to “ Gerald, late earl of Kildare.” Of this branch came Patrick Sarsfield, the celebrated earl of Lucan. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. notable, as they would sauce their bountifull and deintie faire with heartie and amiable cheere. His porter or anie other officer durst not for both his eares giue the simplest man that resorted to his house Tom drum his interteinment, which is to hale a man in by the head, and thrust him out by both the shoulders. For he was fullie resolued, that his worship and reputation could not be more distained, than by the currish interteinment of anie ghest. i o be briefe (according to the golden verses of the ancient and famous En- glish poet Geffreie Chaucer : — ‘ An housholder, and that a great, was hee, Saint luiian he was in his countrie. His bread, his ale, was alwaie after one, A better viended man was no where none. Without bakte meat was neuer his house, Of tish and flesh, and that so plenteouse. It snewed in his house of meat and drinke, Of all deinties that men could thinke. After the sundrie seasons of the yere, So changed he his meat and his suppere. Full manie a fat partrich had he in mew. And manie a breme, and manie a luce in stew. “ Some of his friends, that were snudging peniefathers, would take him up verie roughlie for his lauishing and his outragious expenses, as they tearme it. Tush my maisters (would he say) take not the matter so hot : who so commeth to my table, and hath no need of my meat, I know he commeth for the goodwill hebeareth me ; and therefore I am beholding to thanke him for his companie : if he resort for need, how maie I bestow my goods better, than in releeving thepoore ? If you had perceiued me so far behind hand, as that 1 had bene like to have brought haddocke to paddocke 1 would patientlie permit you, both largelie tocontroll me, and friendlie to reprove me. But so long as I cut so large thongs of my owne lea- ther, as that I am not yet come to my buckle, and during the time I keepe mvself so farre aflote, as that 1 haue as much water as my ship draweth : I praie pardon me to be liberall in spending, sith God of his goodnesse is gratious in sending. And in deed so it fell out. For at the end of his maioraltie he owght no man a dotkin. What he dispensed was his owne : and euer after during his life, he kept so worthie a standing house, as that hee seemed to surrender the princes sword to other maiors, andreserued the port and hospitalitie to himselte. Not long before him was Nicholas Stanihurst their maior, who was so great and good an housholder, that during his maioraltie, the lord chancellor of the fealme was his dailie and ordinarie ghest. There hath beene of late worshipfull ports kept by maister Fian, who was twise maior, maister Sedgraue, Thomas Fitz Simons, Robert Cu- sacke, Walter Cusacke, Nicholas Fitz Simons, James Bedlow, Christopher Fagan, and diuerse others. And not onelie their offi- cers so farre excell in hospitalitie, but also the greater part ot the ciuitie is generallie addicted to such ordinarie and standing houses, as it would make a man muse which waie they are able to bear e it out, but onelie by the goodnesse of God, which is the upholder and furtherer of hospitalitie. What should I here speake of their chari- table almes, dailie and hourlie extended to the ncedie. The poore THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. prisoners, both of the Newgate and the castell, with three or foure hospitals, are chieflie, if not onelie, relieued by the citizens. Fur- thermore, there are so manie other extraordinarie beggers that dailie swarme there, so charitablie succored, as that they make the whole ciuitie in effect their hospitall. The great expenses of the citizens maie probablie be gathered by the worthie and fairlike markets, weeklie on wednesdaie and fridaie kept in Dublin. Their shambles is so well stored with meat, and their market with corne, as not onelie in Ireland, but also in other countries, you shall not see anie one shambles, or anie one market better furnished with the one or the other, than Dublin is.” A charter of Charles I., dated at Westminster, 9th July, 1641, constituted the six senior aldermen of the city justices of the peace, and the mayor a lord mayor. This grant, how- ever, does not appear to liave been acted upon, and sir Daniel Bellingham, of Castle-street, is generally recognized as the first lord mayor of Dublin, although he was not elected till 1665, in which year Charles 11. granted the city £500 per annum to support the dignity, in lieu of the command of a foot com- pany in the standing army, to which the chief magistrate was entitled, by a regal grant made in 1661, when the king also presented to the city a golden ornament known as the collar of SS,’^ which was lost during the wars of the Revolution. The collar at present used by the lord mayor of Dublin, was procured for the city in 1697, by Bartholomew Yan liomrigh, father of Swiff’s ^Wanessa."’^ In connexion with sir Daniel Bellingham, we find the following description of a city pageant in 1665 : — “ The title of lord mayor had been lately conferred upon the chief magistrate of Dublin, and sir Daniel Bellingham was the first that bore that title. He had been just before chosen into that office, and when the duke of Ormonde was on October 17 to make his entry into the city, he took particular care that nothing should be wanting, which could contribute to the advantage of the solemnity. When his grace was advanced within six miles of the place, he was met by a gallant troop of young gentlemen, well mounted, and alike richly attired ; their habits a kind of ash colour, trimmed with scarlet and silver, all in white scarfs, and commanded by one Mr. Corker, a deserving gentleman, employed in his majesty’s revenue, with other officers to complete the troop ; which marched in excellent order to the bounds of the city liberty ; where they left his grace to be re- ceived by the sheriffs of the city, who were attended by the several corporations in their stations. After the sheriffs had entertained his grace with a short speech, the citizens marched next ; and after, the maiden troop, next to that his grace’s gentlemen ; and then his kettle-drums and trumpets ; after them the sheriffs of the city bare- ao4- THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. headed ; then the serjeants at arms, and their pursuivants ; and m the next place followed his grace, accompanied by the nobility and privy councellors of the kingdom ; after them, the life-guard ot horse. Within St. James’s gate his grace was entertained by the lord mayor, aldermen, and principal members of the city on the right hand, and on the left stood six gladiators stript and drawn ; next them his grace’s guard of battle-axes ; before them his majes- ty’s company of the royal regiment, the rest of the companies making a guard to the castle. The king’s company marched next ; after the citizens ; then the battle-axes ; and thus through a wonder- ful throng of people, till they came to a conduit in the corn market, whence wine ran in abundance. At the new hall ^ scaffold, on which were placed half a-dozen anticks ; by the 1 ollsel was erected another scaffold, whereupon was represented Ceres under a canopy, attended by four virgins. At the end of the Castle street a third scaffold was erected, on which stood Vulcan by his anvi , with four Cyclops asleep by it. And the last scaffold was raised a the entrance into the castle gate, whereupon stood Bacchus, witb four or five good fellows. In fine, the whole ceremony was per- formed, both upon the point of order and affection, to his pace s exceeding satisfaction, who was at last welcomed in the castle w ith great and small shot ; and so soon as the streets could be cleared of coaches (which was a good while first, for pey were very many) the streets and the air were filled wip fireworks, which were very well managed to complete the entertainment.” Bellingliam was re-elected lord mayor for 1^66 but de- clined the office, and obtained a letter from the duke ot Ormond to the corporation, stating that it would be a great hindrance to his majesty^s service if he should be contmup lord mayor for another year,” as he was deputy receiver in exchequer to Arthur, earl of Anglesey, vice ppsurer. Ills house in Castle-street was occupied in the middle ot the last century by Thomas Hond, a tobacconist. * And subsequently by another person, ^ame business • “ I was directed,” says an English traveller m l (m, uy Se ?aSous Doctor O’Leary to a Mr. M°lo"y, a tobaccomst m ^ Dublin Penny Journal. cHp nf “ Cole allev” The present Castle steps stand nearly on the .. which, however, only extended to the junction vith Hoey 97 THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. Sir Daniel Bellingham bequeathed certain lands near Binglas, value about £50 per annum^ for the relief of poor debtors con- fined in the city and four courts marshalseas. Two of the trustees^ Tisdal, clerk of the crown, and Richard Geering, one of the six clerks in chancery, obtained possession of these lands and evaded the purposes of the testator. About the middle of the last century the fraud was discovered by dean Bruce of Charleville, Co. Cork, who made an attempt to re- cover the property, then enormously increased in value. An offer was made by Geering’s representative to allocate to the original purpose an annual sum of fifty pounds, on condition that legal proceedings should be suspended and a general release given for the profits and issues of the lands to that period. This proposal was rejected, and we possess no specific informa- tion relative to the final adjustment of the affair. Thomas Dogget, one of the most celebrated actors of his day, and author of a comedy, published in 1696, styled ^‘'the country wake,’’ was a native of Castle-street. His first ap- pearance was made on the Dublin stage, and he subsequently, in conjunction with his townsman Robert Wilks, and Colley Cib- Ealph Elrington, the actor, resided there in 1736 ; and in 1742, we find notice of “handsome brick houses, with pleasant terrace walks, in Cole alley,” where also, Daniel Thompson, bookseller, resided in the reign of queen Anne, and later in the century we find there Robert Marchbank, an eminent printer. About the same period the “Royal chop house” in this alley was a place much resorted to for playing billiards, &c,, and in the great room of that tavern (1768) the Philharmonic catch club used to dine on their anniversaries, when one of their principal performances after dinner was the “ Ode for St. Cecilia's day,” arranged by Samuel Murphy, one of their members. After the passing of the act to insulate the castle of Dublin, the houses on each side of Cole alley were removed, and the passage extended to Ship street. Some glaring errors were com- j mitted in a recent a ntiquarian pu blication by the editor having c(m- founded “ Cole alley’’ street, with a locality of tiie same name i in the earl of Meath’s liberty. Tn a patent roll oFlfilS we find notice of | “ A house and hackee in Castle street, called Coningham’s-inn, now or late in the occupation of Nicholas Netterville, esq.’’ Tokens were is- sued in the seventeenth century by the following residents of Castle street : Anthony Derrey, 1 657 ; Henry Rugge, apothecary ; Jespar Roads, Barbadas, 1657 ; John Bush, 1656; Richard Martin, 1657 ; Robert Batrip, 1657 ; and Robert Freeman, merchant Robert Rigmaiden, watchmaker, lived in Castle street, in the reign of William, and Mary and here at the same period was the bankof Elnathan Lum, M.P., who died in 1708. The law or plea office of the exchequer was also held in Castle street till the year 1770. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. ber became joint manager of Drury lane theatre ; his share in which, although estimated at £1000, per annum, was sur- rendered’ by him in 1712, owing to a disagreement partners. Some of Congreve's plays were said to owe mueh of their success, to the admirable manner in which Dogget per- formed the parts which were expressly written for him. The intimacy which existed between the aetor and the poet, proba- bly originated while the latter was a student in the university of Dublin, and engaged in writing '"the old bachelor," that wonderful " first play" which excited the admiration of the veteran Dry den. The following notice of Dogget has been left us by one of his friends and fellow actors, who made his performance of certain parts the subject of long study, and considered himself to have attained perfection in his profession, when he was able, successfully, to imitate his model : “ To speak of him, as an actor: He was the most original, and the strictest observer of nature, of all his contemporaries. He bor- rowed from none of them: His manner was his own: He was a pattern to others, whose greatest merit was, that that they had Lmetimes tolerably imitated him. In dressing a character to the greatest exactness, he was remarkably skilful ; the least article ot whatever habit he wore, seemed in some degree to speak and mark the different humour he presented ; a necessary care in a comedian, in which many have been too remiss, or ignorant. He could^ be ex- tremely ridiculous, without stepping into the least impropriety, to make him so. His greatest success was in characters of lowyr life, which he improved, from the delight he took, in his observations of kind, in the real world. In songs and particular dances too, of humour, he had no competitor. Congreve was a great admirer of him, and found his account in the characters he expressly wrote for him. In those of ‘ Fondlewife,’ in his ‘ Old Bachelor and ‘ Ben’ in ‘ Love for Love,’ no author, and actor could be more obliged to their mu- tual masterly performances. He was very acceptable to^j.several persons of high rank and taste : Tho’ he seldom cared to be the co- median, but among his more intimate acquaintance.” Dogget, who died in 1721, was a staunch Whig, and to commemorate the Hanoverian accession, he bequeathed a sum of money to purchase a coat and silver badge, to be rowed for on the Thames, on the first of August, annually, by six young watermen, wdiose apprenticeship expired in the previous year. The Garrick club of London possesses an original portrait of Dogget which, we believe, has never been engraved. The coat and "badge are still regularly contended for on the Thames ; THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. 99 but, like another Irishman, sir Hans Sloane, founder of the British Museum, Doggett, while munificent to strangers, left nothing to perpetuate his memory in his native country. The following lines on his bequest are said to have been written extempore, on a glass windov/ at Lambeth, on the first of August, 1736 ; — “ Tom Dogget, the greatest sly drole in his parts In acting, was certain a master of arts, A monument left — no herald is fuller. His praise is sung yearly, by many a sculler ; Ten thousand years hence, if the world lasts so long, Tom Dogget will still be the theme of their song. When old Nol, with great Lewis and Bourbon are forgot, And when numberless kings in oblivion shall rot.” In Castle-street, at the close of the seventeenth cen- tury, stood the bank of Benjamin Burton, and Brancis Har- rison. The former, a zealous Whig, and grandson of the first of the family of Burton which settled in the county of Clare, early in the reign of James I., was attainted by the Jacobites in 1689,appointed lordmayor of Dublin inl706,andwasfour times elected to represent the city in parliament. In 1 7 1 2-13, a news- paper entitled ^'The Anti-Tory monitor^'’ was published under his auspices, to support himself and his fellow parliamentary candi- date — the recorder of Dublin — in their opposition to the elec- tion of the proposed Tory members, sir William Townes, and Mr Tucker. Party, at that time, ran high in the city; the Tories were distinguished on election days by white roses; while the evergreens which the Whigs wore procured for them the title of the laurel party The ladies took a prominent part in these contentions, employing every artifice, even to tears, to induce all whom they could influence, to support their favourite candidate ; hence, a poet of the day describes a fashion- able lady as “In party, furious to her power ; A bitter Whig, a Tory sour.” Burton^s extensive monetary transactions, and the various estates which he purchased, procured him the reputation of unbounded wealth, and the expression as safe as Ben BurtoiT'’ was universally used in the city as synonymous with solvency. On the death of his partner, Harrison, in 1725, the liabilities THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. '100 of the bank, beyond its assetts, were found to be upwards of £65^000 — a large sum in those days. After HarrisoAs death, the survivor took into partnership his own son, Samuel Burton, and Daniel Falkiner, securing the latter against the liabilities referred to. Alderman Burton died in 1728, and the bank continued its business to June, 1783, when it stopped payment, heavily indebted to the public : the legislature interfered, and passed an act in the same year, vesting all the real and personal estates of the bankers in trustees. Of the four acts of parlia- ment passed relative to BurtoAs bank, the last dates in 1757, twenty -four years after the stoppage— the creditors had then re- ceived fifteen shillings in the pound, and the payment of the en- tire principal was anticipated. One of alderman Burton^’s daughters became viscountess ]Metterville,in 1731; and by inter- marriage of another branch of the family of Burton with that of Conyngham, the title and estates of the latter devolved to the Burtons, from whom the present marquis of Conyngham is thus descended. • -i At the house of his brother, a bookseller, m Castle- street* George Barquhar, the celebrated Irish dramatist. * In Castle-street, in the reign of Charles II. stood the Feather tavern to which we find the following allusion in that exceedingly rare play, “ Hie et ubique, or the humours of Dublin,” privately printed A.D., 1663’ “ Phantastick. Enough, enough, sir, let’s go to the tavern. The know- ledge that this gentleman has of the city, will inform us where s the best wine. Come, old sir John, you’ll favour us with your company. Thrivewell. What tavern d’ye pitch on ? the London tavern ? Bankrupt. No> no, we have had too much to do with London taverns Q 1 T»p*i Thrivewell. Why then, the Feathers.” ^ i Of the other taverns and coffee hou ses formerly situated in u^e- street the fnllnwinar m ay fie nieiition ed : the Garter tavern (169o), the^tTgrs“fif which“are still preserved in “ Garter court, on the south of the street: the “ Duke’s head,” kept here, in the reign of Wil- liam and Mary, by the widow Lisle ; “ Tom s Coffeehouse, at the Castle gate on the right hand side turning into the Castle,’’ demolished m 1710 bv the commissioners appointed for enlarging and widening the ^^treets leading from Cork hill to the castle ; the “ Thatched house tavern” 0728') ; the “ Drapier’s head;” the “ Plume of feathers tavern” 0753') in which the marquis of Kildare and his constituents usec^o hold tlidr dinners; the “ Harry of Monmouth” (1735), where the Hanover c?ub Sd on their anniversaries; “ Gatlin’s ” (1754) frequent gentlemen from the north of Ireland Carteret s head (1750), which remained within our own memory, on the north side of the street, ami was entered by a long narrow passage close to the present Hibernian bank ; THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. JO/ resided during his visit to Dublin in 1704. It was on this occasion that he failed signally in the performance of the character of sir Harry Wildair, in his own comedy of the constant couple/^ which had a run of fifty-three nights on its first production in the year 1700. Farquhar^s dramatic works were republished in 1840, under the superintendence of Leigh Hunt, who, according to Macaulay, has paid particular attention to the history of the English drama, from the age of Elizabeth down to our own time ; and has every right to be heard with respect on that subject.^’ In this opinion we cannot coincide, as portions of Mr. HunFs biographical and critical notices/"’ prefixed to the volume in question, exhibit incontes- table evidence of his ignorance of some leading facts in the lives of those '"comic dramatists, and their compeers. On a portion of the city wall, on the south side of Castle- street, stands the bank of messieurs La Touche, a family which was originally settled near Blois, where it was distinguished by this tavern, much frequented in the last century, now forms a portion of the premises of Mr. Andrews. The “Kose tavern, one of the most noted in Dublin, stood on the north side'brCastle-streH, nearly opposite to the present “ Castle steps.'’ This establishment, kept by Robinson, continued in fashion from the first part of the eighteenth century to about thirty years before the Union. In it the “Hanover,” “ Boyne, “ Cum- berland,” and other political clubs (1740-50) held their anniversary din- ners. ‘ ‘ The ancient and most benevolent order of the friendly brothers of St Patrick,’’ which still exists, used to meet here on the 17th of July, an- nually, to elect their president ; a general grand knot of the order assem- bled on the 17th of March, the “prefects” met at nine, and the “re- gulars” at 10, a.m., to transact business, according to their constitution ; after which they attended his “ benevolence,” the president, to Patrick’s church whence, after having heard a sermon preached for the occasion, they returned and dined at the “ Rose” at 4.p.m. The members of the or- der wore gold medals, suspended from a green ribband, bearing on one side a group of hearts with a celestial crown encompassed with a knotted cord, and two dolphins with a label from their mouths, with the motto, “ Quis separabit ?” on the obverse was a cross with a heart fixed in the centre, surmounted by a crown, with the words “ fidelis^ et constans.” This society frequently discharged the debts of poor prisoners, and in 1762 we find its branch in Tipperary ofif^ing a reward of £100, for dis- covery of any of the agrarian conspiracies in Munster, .and £50 for the apprehension of persons enlisting troops for foreign service. At their expence a brass statue was erected to General Blakeney, governor of Minorca, in 1756. This statue was cast, expressly for the order, by J. Van Nost of Dublin, and first exposed to public view on the Mall, in Sackville-street, on St. Patrick’s day, 1759. The grand m aster’s lodge of Freemas ons met re gularl y (1763) to dine at the.(‘/R6s^^^^ Wednesday of each month, an4 the nouse continued to be frequented by guilds and other public bodies until its final closure. f jYo-t THE miSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. zxsr ennoblement and peculiar privileges. Their present name is derived from La Touche, one of their ancient estates in the mother country. David Digges La Touche, the first of the family who came to Ireland, was an officer m Calimotte s re- giment of Trench refugees in the service of I'Vilham iU., during the Irish wars of the Revolution, after the coimlusion of which he entered into trade,— became a banker m Dublin, and died suddenly in 1745, while on his knees, attending di- vine service in the castle chapel. “ Ce David,” says a Irench writer, “ etait venu de Trance, lors de la revocation de I edit de Nantes et par une continuelle Industrie de plus de quarante aiis avait acquis une fortune tres considerable : quoique ban- quier,t c’etait un homme humain et charitable ; on rapporte, que sur ses vieux jours, il ne sortait jamais sans avoir ses po- ohes pleines de shillings, qu’il domiait aux pauvres ; comme on lui represmitait, que s’il donnait atousceux qui lui demand- eraient, il ferait la charite a bien des mauvais sujects ; oui, repondit il, 'maissi mon shilling tombe a propos une tois dans dix, c’est assez.' L’eglise (Belvue, Co._ Wicklow) dans la quelle on voit son monum ent avoit ete batie par lui : on lit sur * Colonel Calimotte, the younger son of a noble family in France, re- marLhle for its attachment to the Reformed religion, left Ins ^untry on the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and was f PP« III to command one of the Huguenot regiments levied for the wars of the Revolution. The colonel served through the disastrous campaign of 1689 under the marshal duke de Schonberg at Dundalk ; a letter writterby him, signed “ Calimotte, R.” and dated “ Au camp de Dun- dalk ce 23e 7bre ’89”, is still extant. He was mortally woun^d at the Lttleof theVyne in 1690 where he commanded the three Huguenot riiments which crossed the river about the centre at Old-hridge. His reliment, notwithstanding the overwhelming superiority m numbers and equipments of the forces of the prince of Orange, was completely ridden though by king James’s Irish horse guards, who, on the same occIsLn SLhed^^^^ famous soldier, -the duke de Schonberg. Sond CaUmotte was brother of the marquis de Ruvigny, -l^ose bravery at the head of the French horse mainly gained Hie unequal battle of Aughrim, and who was afterwards created earl of Galway, and finally appointed commander in chief of the Allied forces in Spam. t The original firm was La Touche and Kane ; the present edifice m Caltle-street was built by David La Touche, junior, and the bank was removed to it in 1735, from another locality man Nathaniel Kane was elected lord mayor of A por- trait of him is extant painted by Slaughter and engraved by Brooks. He was denounced by Lucas for peculation of the city revenues, and the documents published relative to his conduct do not a very favourable light. Next door to the castle gate, a door below La Touche’s bank, on another portion of the city wall, was, towards t middle of the last century, the manufactory of George Lamprey, the celebrated cutler, which now forms the eastern wing of the bank. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. IfPF le portail cette inscription toucliante, ^ Of thy own, oh ! my God, do I give unto thee/ During the dispute relative to the power of the English cabinet to impose Wood’s spurious copper coin on the people of Ireland, one of the La Touche family, in conjunction with ano- ther French refugee, rendered himself peculiarly obnoxious to the popular party, by dissenting from the verdict of the grand jury of Dublin, when it ignored the bills presented by govern- ment against the printer of the DrapieFs letters/'’ This transaction was made the subject of a street ballad, in wdiich the following verses occur : — “ Poor monsieur his conscience preserved for a year. Yet in one hour he lost it, ’tis known far and near ; To whom did he lose it ? — A judge or a peer. Which nohody can deny. This very same conscience was sold in a closet. Nor for a baked loaf, or a loaf in a losset, But a sweet sugar-plum, which you put in a posset. Which nobody can deny. But Philpot, and Corker, and Burrus, and Hayze, And Rayner, and Nicholson, challenge our praise, With six other worthies as glorious as these. Which nobody can deny. There’s Donevan, Hart, and Archer, and Blood, And Gibson, and Gerard, all true men and good. All lovers of Ireland, and haters of Wood. Which nobody can deny. But the slaves that would sell us shall hear on’t in time, Their names shall be branded in prose and in rhyme. We’ll paint ’em in colours as black as their crime. Which nobody can deny. But Perrier and copper La Touche we’ll excuse — The commands of your betters you dare not refuse. Obey M^as the word when you wore wooden shoes. Which nobody can deny.” When Charles Lucas commenced his crusade against the board of aldermen, he found an active colleague in James Digges La Touche*, who aided him both by his writings and * He published a collection of documents relative to these transactions with the following title “ Papers concerning the late disputes between the commons and aldermen of Dublin, 8vo., Printed by James Esdall, at the corner of Copper alley, on Cork hill, 1746 the most valuable portion of this publication, which consists of extracts from the municipal records, was claimed by Lucas, who also charged his opponent with having /^? 4 ' THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. personal exertions. They, however, became opposed to each other in consequence of a vacancy in the representation of Dublin in 1745, which both of them desired to fill. After the parliamentary condemnation of Lucas, La Touche was elected member for the city in opposition to the court candidate ; the government, incensed at the success of the popular member, interfered, and illegally deprived him of his seat ; on the sole ground of his connection with Lucas. The citizens were much exasperated at this conduct, as La Touche had deserved well of them by his conduct while master of the corporation of weavers, during which period his exertions had enabled them to erect their hall on the Coombe, and to bring the affairs of the guild into order. His father had also rendered himself popular by his efforts to promote the manufactures of Ireland. In 1757, we find that David La Touche was treasurer to the society for the relief of foreign Protestants ; and during the pa- endeavoured, for personal emolument, to injure certain bran^es of the trade of Ireland. James Digges La Touche also published “ Collections of cases, memorials, addresses, and proceedings in parliament, relating to insolvent debtors, customs and excises, admiralty courts, and the valuable liberties of citizens. To which are added observations on the embargo in Ireland.” 8vo. London : 1757. „ , -x: ^ Before the Union, the La Touches were noted for the magnificent fetes which they gave at their beautiful residences— Harnstown and Marlay ; the following is the programme of a private juvenile pertormance at the latter place, the seat of the Right Hon. David La Touche : “ Mignonette-Theatre, Dairy Land.^ By command of their majesties Oberon and Titania. This present Monday, the 30th of September, 1776 will be presented the masque of Comus. Comus, Mr. Whyte. ^ Elder brother. Miss Emilia La Touche. Younger brother. Miss Harrietta La Touchy First spirit. Miss Mariann La Touche. Second spirit. Miss Ann La Touche. Bacchanals and bacchantes. Master La Touche, Master Touche, Master John La Touche, Master Dunn, Miss Whyte and Miss Maria La Touche. Euphrosyne, Miss Dunn, Maria Monro. Sabrina, Miss Gertrude La Po^che. The l^y , Miss La Touche. Sweet Echo, Mrs. La Touche, echoed Act 1, a glee by Mr. Dillon, Mrs. La Touche, and Mrs. Dunn End of Act 1, a lesson on the harpsichord, by Mrs. J. La Touche. End of Act 2 a hornpipe, by Miss H. and Miss Em.La Touche. In Act 3, a fouble minuet, by Miss H. La Touche, Miss Emilia, Miss Mariann, and Miss Ann La Touche ; with a reel by the same. To conclude with a country dance by the characters. An occasional overture, by Miss Quin. Prologue, by Mr. Whyte. And the epilogue, by Henry Grattan, ^*Lilli?ufrPrtated1pRoMn''Goo master of the revels, and mous beauty who became countess of Lanesborough in 1781 ; her portrait was painted by Horace Hone, of Dublin, and engraved by Bartolozzi. THE STREETS OF DUBLIxX. nic Occasioned by the s to ppage of the Dubli n b the committee appomt^^ytlie house of commons, on tKe petition of the several merchants and traders of Dublin relative to the low state of public and private credit, came to the following resolutions : — “ Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that the banks of Gleadowe and company, David La Touche and sons, and Finlay and company, have, respectively, funds much more than suf- ficient to any demands which the publick may have against them res- pectively. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that it will be expedient, at this critical and distrustful season, and contribute much to re-establish credit, and quiet the minds of the people, if this House shall engage to make up to the creditors of the said three banks any deficiency in their effects, to answer such demands as may be made upon them respectively, on or before the 1st day of May, 1762, to the amount of any sums, not exceeding 50,000l., for each of the said banks.” In 1767 John La Touche contested the representation of Dublin with the marquis of Kildare ; thepartizans of the latter did not hesitate to stigmatize La Touche as a foreign intruder, and at their political banquets in the weaver's arms," Lrancis-street, the principal toasts were — "^may the city of Dublin never be represented by a banker and may the influence of stamp paper never be able to return a representa- tive for this city." La Touche’s friends, at their meetings in the ''Phoenix" in Werburgh-street, drank with equal fervor, " a speedy return and success in the election" to their candi- date ; " may the city of Dublin never become a borough, obedient to the will of one man, however distinguished by birth and station," and " may the citizens of Dublin, regardless of title and station, have discernment and virtue enough to chose a proper representative from among themselves." In the year 1778 the marquis of Buckingham, lord lieute- nant of Ireland, found that the Irish treasury was completely ex- hausted, and that the selfish policy of the English ministers hrd reduced the country to a state of utter prostration ; in this di- lemma he applied to messieurs La Touche, who immediately advanced him a sum of twenty thousand pounds. “ The bank of messieurs La Touche not only upheld the shattered credit of government, but prevented the dissolution of the state I Who could have believed, if the letters of the viceroy had not proved it, that the king of Great Britain, like a poor debtor, or an X the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. job idle spendthrift, would have been obliged to apply at a private gen- tleman’s house, and ask for a loan of money, in order that he might be enabled to carry on the semblance of government, and keep up the insolent mockery of these ‘ desperate political gamblers, as Mr. Flood called them, who first squandered the revenues of the state, and then left her defenceless ; and this, as afterwards appeared, not with a view to remedy abuses, but to confirm them ; not to extend the trade of Ireland, but to uphold the principle of tne embargo ; not to procure markets for her manufacture, but to discourage the consumption of all native manufactures, and get her people not to wear Irish clothing at the very time when Irish artisans were starv- ing by thousands! Will after-ages credit these astounding facts? and would not the assertion be denied, if the irrefragable evidence of these letters did not bring home the proof of ‘ high crimes and misdemeanors,’ and justify Ireland in recording, as she must, the solemn verdict of guilty ? It is in vain that kings or ministers strive to conceal their offences or their crimes, and think they can efface every mark of mischief and every vestige of iniquity ; though buried for ages, like the blood of the murdered man, they will yet arise, and call to Heaven for justice, if not for vengeance. In the letter of the 16 th of May, the lord lieutenant discloses the progress of the bank- ruptcy, and its necessary consequences, namely, that he was obliged to stop payment ; accordingly, he suspended all salaries, all pensions, all civil— all military— all parliamentary grants ; all clothing arrears, and all ordinary payments; and, in addition, those m and in the ordnance department, which were held by contract, and used to be punctually paid. He states that he was obliged to resort to these ‘ extraordinary measures,’ to enable him to encamp the army. He sends Mr. Clements, (who was at the head of the trea- sury,) express to lord North, to London, to procure assistance, and IS again obliged to go to messrs. La Touche to beg pother 20 0001 The bankers, not without surprise that his majesty, Ueoige the third, should be so ill provided, learning that he had no money left in Ireland, and could not afford to send any from England, very prudently, and like sensible men of business, ‘returned for ansn er, that It was not in their power, though very much in their inclination ; that they could not lend a second 20,0001. ; and thus the king, royAndthe country, were left to extricate themselves out of this dilemma as well as they could. The immediate consequence was that the march of the troops was stopped, and the encampment did not take place. The people, however, did not remain passive spectators of Ltional ruin and disgrace ; they had recourse to the ‘*'y‘ parliamentary supporters, and, under their guidance, ‘hey took up a position, on the side of their country, from which they could neithei be seduced, or driven, or terrified. The bill for the relief of the Roman Catholics of Ireland presented to the House of Commons in 1792, was rejected without entering on its merits, on the motion of the Right Hon. David La Touche, although, as well known, policy fO^ THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 515^ obliged the legislature to sanction it after the conclusion of a few months. On the fountoion of the bank of Jrelanfl_,in J783, David La Touche, junior, was chosen its first governor ; of the five of this family who sat in the Irish parliament at the period of the Union, but one was found to vote in favor of that measure. The present establishment of messieurs La Touche, in Castle- street, still maintains its pristine position, and can boast of being the oldest bank in Ireland. The bank of James Swift and company was held in Castle- street, in two houses opposite the castle gate, from 1741 to 1746, in which year that firm appears to have been succeeded by Thomas Gleadowe and company, whose successor, William Gleadowe of Killester, having married Charlotte, daughter and heiress of Charles Newcomen,'^ of Carrickglass, in the county of Longford, was created a baronet in 1781, and assumed the arras and surname of Newcomen. Sir William Gleadowe Newcomen's bank was held at 19 Mary's abbey, from 1777 to *1781, in the latter year it was removed back to Castle-street, to th^ new edifice constructed by Thomas native archite ct. ^^The plan," 'says^“ critic of the last centurj^, “ considering the great restraint and irregularity of the ground is well contrived, and if the excess of ornament had been spared, the fronts would have been more perfect." This banker acquired an unenviable no- toriety by his conduct in the Irish parliament with reference to the measure of the legislative Union, of which a contempo- rary has given the following particulars : — ‘‘Sir William Gladowe Newcomen, bart„ member for the county of Longford, in the course of the debate, declared he supported the Union, as he was not instructed to the contrary by his constituents. 1 his avowal surprised many, as it was known that the county was nearly unanimous against the measure, and that he was well ac- . The family of Nmvcomen appears to have been settled in Ireland since the reign of Elizabeth. In 1689-90 lady Sarah Newcomen vainly attempted to defend the strongly-fortified family residence at Mosstown. CO. Longford, against the king’s troops commanded by the Hon Wil- liam Isiigent, brigadier, colonel of foot, and lord lieutenant of the county. In Mosstown house v^as preserved a series of historical pictures on a large scale, painted on panel, representing the battles of the Boyne and Aughrim_; these valuable remains however disappeared in the pre- sent century, in consequence of the ill treatment which the buildinff re- ceived after it had been deserted by its old proprietors. ® THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. quainted with the fact. However, he voted for lord Castlereagh, and he asserted that conviction alone w^as his guide : his veracity was doubted, and in a few months some of his bribes were published. His wife was also created a peeress. One of his bribes has been dis- covered, registered in the rolls office — a document which it was never supposed would be exposed, but which would have been ground for impeachment against every member of government who thus con. tributed his aid to plunder the public and corrupt parliament. The following is a copy from the rolls office of Ireland: — ‘ B^j the lord lieutenant and general governor of Ireland. Cornwallis. , , i. i,- Whereas sir William Gladowe Newcomen, bart, hath, by his me- morial laid before us, represented that, on the 25th day of J une, 1 785, John, late earl of Mayo, then lord viscount Naa^s, receiver-gen- eral of stamp duties, together with sir Thomas Newcomen, bart. and sir Barry Denny, bart, both since deceased, as sureties for the said John, earl of Mayo, executed a bond to his Ma^jesty, conditioning to pay into the treasury the stamp duties received by him ; that the said earl of Mayo continued in the said office of receiver-general until the 30th day of July, 1786, when he resigned the same, at which time it is stated that he was indebted to his majesty in the sum of about five thousand pounds, and died on the seventh of April, 1792 ; that the said sureties are dead, and the said sir Thomas Newcomen, bart., did by his last will appoint the memorialist executor of his estate ; that the memorialist proposed to pay into his majesty s ex- chequer the sum of two-thousand pounds, as a composition for any monev that might be recovered thereon, upon the estate being released from any further charge on account of the said debt due to his majesty. And the before-mentioned memorial having been referred to his majesty’s attorney-engeral, for his opinion what would be proper to be done in this matter, and the said attorney- general having by his report unto us, dated the 20th day of August, 1800, advised that, under all the circumstances of the case, the sum of two thousand pounds should be accepted of the memorialist on the part of government, etc., etc., J. Toler,’ . , , . By this abstract it now appears, even by the memorial of sir W illiam Gladowe, that he was indebted at least five thousand pounds, from the year 1786, to the public treasury and revenue of Ireland ; that, with the interest thereon, it amounted in 1800 to ten thousand pounds * that sir William had assets in his hands, as executor, to pay that debt ; and that, on the Union, when all such arrears must have been paid into the treasury, the attorney-general, under a reference of lords Cornwallis and Castlereagh, was induced to sanction the transaction as reported ; viz., ‘ under all its circum^ances to forego the debt, except two thousand pounds. Every effort was made to find if anv such sum as two thousand pounds was credited to the public, and none such was discovered. The fact is, that lord ISaas owed ten thousand pounds, consequently sir William owed twenty thousand ; that he never bona fide paid to the public one shilling, which, with a peerage, the patronage of his county, and the pecuniary THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. /ti^ ^sir pickings also received by himself, altogether formed a tolerably strong bribe, even for a more qualmish conscience thanthat of sir William.” On the 30th of July, 1800, lady Newcomen was raised to the Irish peerage by the title of baroness Newcomen of Moss- town, and, in 1803, she was advanced to the dignity of vis- countess Newcomen. She was succeeded by her son, sir Thomas Newcomen, bart., viscount Newcomen, on whose death in 1825, the title became extinct. Newcomen^s house in Castle-street is at present occupied by the Hibernian joint stock banking company. On a portion of the acclivity now known as Cork hilF^ formerly stood Dame^s-gate, anciently called the eastern gate, and St. Mary^s-gate, and so mentioned by Maurice Eegan, w hich did not take its name fr om th e mil l -dam near it, as some have conjectured, but from the cEurcli of StCMarydes dames, contiguous to it on the inside of the walls ; and till the refor- mation the image of the Yirgin Mary stood in a niche of stone work over the gate; the pedestal and other footsteps whereof remained there till the gate* itself was demolished within our * The site of this gate was oue of the places where proclamation was made when war was declared ; on these occasions the following was the routine observed in tl.e last century. The procession, preceded by a troop of horse, moved from the parliament house, then followed the state kettle drums and trumpets, the state pursuivants, serjeants at arms with their maces, Athlone pursuivant, Ulster king at arms in his tabard, the whole, closed by a squadron of horse, proceeded to Cork hill, where Dame’s gate stood, and being there met by the lord mayor, aldermen, sheriffs, recorder, and all the city officers on horseback, in their forma- lities, the king at arms demanded of the lord mayor entrance into the city to proclaim war, and, having produced his authority, he was imme- diately admitted. The lord mayor and city officers then fell into their ranks behind the king at arms, and, having arrived at the castle, the sword was presented to the lord lieutenant, who drew it, repeating the words “God help'.’’ The declaration was then read at the castle gate, the tholsel, the corn-market, the old bridge, Ormond and Essex bridges, by the king at arms, and proclaimed aloud by the Athlone pursuivant. Proclamation was subsequently made in the county of Dublin, and in the liberties of the archbishop and the earl of Meath. Opposite to the castle gate was Preston’s inn, “ which,” says a writer of the last century, “was a large space of ground bounded by the castle ditch, the city walls, extending from Dame’s gate to Izod’s tower, (on the site whereof Essex gate was afterwards erected) Scarlet alley, called also Izod’s lane, or the upper Blind quay. Smock alley, or Smoke alley, and so up to Castle-street. On this void piece of ground a party, sent by Thomas Eitz Gerald in 1534, to besiege the castle, planted their batteries, and which since that time has become the property of divers per- //O THE IllISJI QUARTERLY REVIEW. own (1766) memory. Trom tliis gate^ the street called Dame^s- street derives its name, extending in a line from east to west to Hoggin green. This gate was built with towers castle-wise, and was armed with a portcullis. It w'as one of the narrowest entrances into the city, and standing upon an ascent was, when business increased, and the towm grew more populous, much thronged and encumbered with carriages ; for remedy wiiereof, the earl of Strafford attempted to have the passage enlarged by throwing dowui a part of the city w^all, and some houses adjoining thereto ; but the neighbouring proprietors could not be prevailed on to yield their consents upon the terms proposed, and the project came to nothing."’"’ The Trench romance ascribed to the twelfth century mentions the assault made in 1170 by Asculph Mac Torcall and the Scandinavians on ^Ma porte seinte Marie,^’ the full details of wiiich w'ere given in our notice of St. Werburgh’s-street. Henri de Loundres, arch- bishop of Dublin in the early part of the thirteenth century. sons. Cor k house, now (1766) Lucas’s Coffee hou se, the old exchange, ajid the ad^oiiiTng houses, wer e er e cted on a part of it ; a part of it was occupied by Copper alley, another part of it has been taken up by a range of buildings extending from Copper alley to Castle-stree^^t, and the re- mainder, opposite to Cork house, became the property of the lord chief baron Bysse, and sir Dudley Loftus, and was what in latter times re- mained under the denomination of Preston’s inn, until it changed its name to the lord chief baron’s yard, on which the said chief baron Eysse erected a fair house, which was demolished in the year 1762 with other buildings, when Parliament-street was opened, in which it stood. ” John Bysse (or de la Bisse), recorder of Dublin during the Protectorate, was appointed chief baron of the exchequer after the restoration ; he died in 1679, and was buried in St. Audoen’s church. His daughter Catherine was married to sir RichardJBulkley: of Dldrba.wn, father of the eccentric knight of the same name, who wrote an “ Account of the Giant’s causeway, 1693 “ A letter about improvements to be made in Ireland by sowing of maize “An account of the propagation of elm seed and “ Propo- sals for sending back the nobility and gentry of Ireland.” Another of Bysse’s daughters, Judith, the surviAmr of twenty-one children, was mother of our famous viscount Molesworth. In 1708, a newspaper with the following title was published here: “The Flying post, or the post master — printed by S. Powell and F. Dickson, in the lord chief baron’s yard on Cork hill, where fresh and full news will be hereafter printed, without imposing old trash on the pub- lick.” Among the printers and booksellers in this locality we find Thomas Hume(1716) “ at the sign of the Bible, on the lower end of Cork hill ;” Patrick Campbell and Philip Hodgson “ on the lower end of Cork hill, near Smock alley” (1719) ; Patrick Dugan (1723) ; Edward Exshaw (1744); James Esdall (1749), of whom an account will be given in our notice of the “ Blind quay”; John ExshaAv (1750) ; and R. March- bank (1783), Xo. 2, Cork hill. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. /// tTi T7 conferred the church of St. Mary upon the treasurer of St. Patrick’s cathedral; and the crown used m at the coronation of the youth, known in history as Lambert Simnel, was taken from a statue of the Virgin in this church. The following is the contemporary account of a scene which took place here on the 30th of July, 1488 between sir Eichard Edgecombe, the commissioner of Henry VII., and the earl ot Kildare, relative to James Keating, the turbulent prior of Kilmainham and Thomas Plunket, chief justice of the com- mon pleas, supporters of the cause of Simnel who, says the old chronicler, “ was sure an honorable child to looke upon — «Both the erle and the seyd sir Richard, and the lordes spiri- tual and temporal met at a church calhd our lady of the ^ Dublyn ; and ther great instaunce was made agen to the ^ RichLd to accept and take the said justice and the said prior of Kilmainham to the kings grace, and that they mought Lve their pardons in likewise as othir had, had ffrantid pardon generally to every man. The said sir Richard answirid unto theme with right sharp words, mid said, that he knew better what the kings grace had commaunded him to do, and what his instructions were, than any of theme did; and gave with a man- full spirit unto the seyd justice Plunket, and prior, fearful and terrible words, insoemuch that both the seyd erle and lordes wuid give no answear therunto, but kept their peace ; and aftir the great ire passed, the erle and lordes laboured with souch fair means, and made such prefers, that the seyd sir Richard was agreed to take the seyd justice llunket to the kyngs grace; and soe\e did, and took his homage and fealty upon the Lrament; but in no wise he would except or take seydpr oi of Kilmainham to the kyngs grace, and that ere he departid unto his lodging, he took with hym divers judges and othir noblemen, and went into the castle of Dublyn, and there put f Archiboll,the king’s servaunt, into the office of the constable of the seyd castle, which the king’s grace had given unto him by his let- tres patent; from the which office the said prior of Kilmainham had wrongfully kept the said Richard by the space of two yeres and moret and ere then he departid out of the seyd church of dames, the seyd erle of Kildare delivered to the seyd sir Richard both his certificate upon his ooth under the '^eal of his arms, as the obligation of his sureties ; and ther the seyd sir Richard in the presensi of all the lordes deliverid unto him the king’s pardon under his gret seal in the presence of all the lordes spiritual and teniporall ; and that day after dinner the seyd sir Richard departid out of Dublyn to a place called Dalcay, six miles from Dublyn, where his ships lay; and the .archbusshopp of Dublyn, justice bermmg- hain, andtiie recorder of Dublyn, with many othir nobles, brought THE IRISH tlUARTERLY REVIEW. him thither ; and that night he took his ship, and ther lay at road all night ; because the wind was contrarye to him ; and the ships lay in such a road, that he culd not get them out without perill.” In the reign of Henry YIII. the parish of St. Mary, which included little more of the city than that portion wherein the castle is built/" was united to the parish of St. Werburgh by George Browne, the first Protestant archbishop of Dublin. After the dissolution of religious houses, Eichard Thompson, treasurer of St. Patrick"s demised (1589) to sir George Carewe, for sixty-one years, the house, messuages, church and church-yard of St. Mary, by the castle of Dublin, with all buildings, court-yards, back-sides, gardens, orchards or com- modities thereto belonging, for the annual rent of six marks, nine shillings, Irish. Shortly after this period it came into the possession of the first earl of Cork, from whom it took the name of Cork house."" Eichard Boyle, born in 1566, the second son of a younger brother, was originally a student in the middle temple, and being unable to defray the expences necessary for the comple- tion of his studies, he became a clerk to sir Eichard Manwood, chief baron of the English exchequer. Dissatisfied with the emoluments of his office, he resolved to visit ^Horeign coun- tries,"" and he tells us that it pleased the Almighty, by his divine providence, to take me, I may say, just as it were by the hand, and lead me into Ireland, where I liappily arrived at Dublin on Midsummer eve, the 23 June, 1588."^" His first step to fortune in Ireland was his marriage in 1595 with Mrs. Joan Apsley of Limerick, who brought him a dower of £500 per annum. Of his early adventures in this country he has left the following account : — When I first arrived in Dublin, all my wealth was then 27 1. 35. in money, and two tokens, which my mother had formerly given me, viz. a diamond ring, which I have ever since, and still do wear, and a bracelet of gold worth about \0l. a taflfety doublet cut with and upon taifety ; a pair of black velvet breeches laced ; a new Milan fustian suit laced and cut upon taffety ; two cloaks ; competent linen and necessaries ; with my rapier and dagger. And, 2d June, 1632, I have served my God, q. Elizabeth, k. James, and k. Ghar- les, full 44 years in Ireland, and so long after as it shall please God to enable me. When God had blessed me with a reasonable fortune and estate, sir Henry Wallop, treasurer at war ; sir Robert Gar- diner, chief justice of the king’s bench ; sir Robert Hillon, chief iustice of the common pleas ; sir Richard Bingham, chief copi- missioner of Connaught ; being displeased for some purchases which THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. //3 I had made in the province, they all joined together, and by their letters complained against me to q. Elizabeth, expressing, ^ That I came over a young man, without any estate or fortune ; and that I had made so many purchases, as it was not possible to do it without some foreign prince’s purse to supply me with money ; that I had acquired divers castles and abbies upon the sea side, fit to receive and entertain Spaniards ; that I kept in my abbies, fraternities and con- vents of friars in their habits, who said mass continually ; and that I was suspected in my religion, with divers other malicious sugges- tions.’ Whereof having some secret notice, I resolved to go into Munster, and so into England, to justify myself; but, before I could take shipping, the general rebellion in Munster broke forth ; all my lands were wasted, as I could not say that I had one penny of certain revenue left me, to the unspeakable danger and hazard of my life : yet God so preserved me, as I recovered Dingle, and got shipping there, which transported me to Bristol, from whence I travelled to London, and betook myself to my former chamber in the middle temple, intending to renew my studies in the laws till the rebellion was passed over. Then Robert, earl of Essex, was designed for the government of this kingdom, unto whose service I was recommended by Mr. Anthony Bacon; whereupon his lordship very nobly received me, and used me with favour and grace, in em- ploying me in suing out his patent and commission for the govern- ment of Ireland ; whereof sir Henry Wallop having notice, utterly to suppress me, renewed his former complaint to the queen’s ma- jesty against me ; whereupon by her majesty’s special directions, I was suddenly attached and conveyed close prisoner to the gate- house ; all my papers seized and searched ; and although nothing could appear to my prejudice, yet my close restraint was continued till the earl of Essex was gone to Ireland, and two months after- wards ; at which time, with much suit, I obtained of her sacred majesty the favour to be present at my answers ; where I so fully answered and cleared all their objections, and delivered such full and evident justifications for my own acquittal, as it pleased the queen to use these words : ‘ By God’s death, all these are but inven- tions against this young man, and all his sutferings are for being able to do us service, and these complaints urged to forestall him there- in : But we find him a man fit to be employed by ourselves, and we will employ him in our service; and Wallop and his adherents shall know, that it shall not be in the power of any of them to wrong him, neither shall Wallop be our treasurer any longer.’ And, arising from council, gave order not only for my present enlargement, but also discharging all my charges and fees during my restraint, gave me her royal hand to kiss, which I did heartily; humbly thanking God for that great deliverance. Being commanded by her majesty to attend at court, it was not many days before her highness was pleased to bestow upon me the office of clerk of the council of Munster, and to commend me over to sir George Carew (after earl of Totness) then lord president of Munster; whereupon I bought of sir Walter Rawleigh his ship, called the pilgrim, into which I took a freight of ammunition and victuals, and came in her myself THR HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. by long sea ; and arrived at Carrigfoile in Kerry, where the lord president and the army were then at the siege of that castle ; which when we had taken, I was there sworn clerk of the council of Munster, and presently after made a justice of peace and quorum throughout all that province. And this was the second rise that God gave unto my fortune. Then, as clerk of the council, I at- tended the lord president in all his employments, waited on him (who assisted the 1. d. Mountjoy) at the whole siege of Kingsale, and was employed by his lordship to her majesty with the news of that happy victory (obtained over the Irish under the earl of Tyrone, and the Spaniards, 24 December, 1601) ; in which employ- ment I made a speedy expedition to the court ; for, I left my lord president at Shandon castle, near Cork, on Monday morning about two of the clock, and the next day delivered my pacquet, and supped with sir Robert Cecil, being then principal secretary, at his house in the strand ; who, after supper, held me in discourse till two of the clock in the morning, and by seven that morning called upon me to attend him to the court, where he presented me to her majesty m her bedchamber ; who remembered me, calling me my name, and giving me her hand to kiss, telling me, that she was glad that I was the happy man to bring the first news of the glorious victory. And after her majesty had interrogated with me upon sundry questions very punctually, and that therein I had given her full_ satisfaction upon every particular, she gave me again her hand to kiss, and com- inanded my dispatch for Ireland, and so dismissed me with grace and favour. At my return into Ireland, I found my lord presi- dent ready to march to the siege of Beerhaven-castle, then fortified and possessed by the Spaniards and some Irish rebels, which after battering, we had made assaultable, entered and put all to the sword. His lordship then fell to reducing these western parts of the province to subjection, and obedience to her majesty’s laws : and having placed garrisons and wards in all places of importance, made his return to Cork ; and in the way homewards acquainted rne with his resolution to employ me presently into England, to obtain licence from her majesty for his repair to her royal presence : at which time he propounded unto me the purchase of all sir Walter Rawleigh’s lands in Munster, which, by his assistance, and the media- tion of sir Robert Cecil, was perfected, and this was a third addition and rise to my estate. Then I returned into Ireland with my lord president’s licence to repair to court, and by his recommendation was married, 25 July, 1603, to my second wife, Mrs. Catherine Fen- ton, the only daughter of sir Jeffrey Fenton, principal secretary of state, and privy councillor, in Ireland, on which day I was knighted by sir George Carew, 1. d. of Ireland, at St. Marx’s_ abbey, near Dublin.” His subsequent promotion was exceedingly rapid : he was suc- cessively created privy councellor, earl of Cork, lord justice, and high treasurer. During his tenure of office, previous to the arri- val of lord Strafford, we are told by his panegyrist, that his THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. lordship, at a very great personal expense, encouraged the settle- ment of Protestants ; the suppression of Popery, the regulation of the army, the increase of the public revenue, and the trans- plantation of many septs and barbarous clans, from the fruitful province of Leinster into the wilds of Kerry/’ On the commence- ment of the wars of 1641, Boyle and his elder sons exerted themselves strenuously to defend their possessions from the incursions of the natives whose total extirpation they earnestly advocated. His death took place in 1643, and he is now chiefly remembered as the father of the philosopher Eobert Boyle, of whom Ireland may well be proud. Ingenuous as the true remembrances’"’ of his life left by the great earl of Cork” may appear, it cannot be doubted that the greater part of his vast estate deserved the title of a hastily gotten and suspitiously kept fortune,” given to it by a noble writer, am very confydeut,’’ says sir Christopher Wandesford, since the suppression of abbeys no one man in either king- dome hath so violently, so frequently layde prophane hands, hands of power, upon the church and her possessions, (even almost to demolition where he hath come) as this bolde earl of Corke.” ^‘’Lord Cork,” observes Crofton Croker, ^Ms said to have powerfully advanced the English interest in Ireland, and it must be granted, if the severest intolerance has been benefi- cial to the cause of union : the bigotry of the Protestants against their Eoman Catholic brethren in those towns under his influence reached a degree of marked violence unknown in any other part of the kingdom.” He is by no means clear of the blood of Atherton, bishop of Waterford, the lands belonging to which see are still held by the earl’s successors, and had not Strafford been hurried to the block there can be little doubt that he would have made an effort to restore to the church the property wrested from her by Boyle. The earl’s residence on Cork hill appears to have been early used by the government. During the panic in Dublin conse- quent on the rising of 1641 “the council was removed out of the castle to Cork house, and the rolls and re- cords of several offices removed to the same place shortly after, we find the marquis of Ormond and other members of the privy council meeting in the gallery of Cork house to arrange certain public affairs with a deputation from the house of commons. During the Protectorate the building was occupied by the council of state and their subservient officers. The committee of transplantation satin this edifice, in 1653, THE IRISH QUARTERLY REYIEW. ■ 52 ^ and here in 1654 it was determined at a council of war that the army should pay Dr. Petty one penny per acre for surveying the forfeited lands. The following extracts rela- tive to Cork house are now published for the first time from the records of the Irish privy council : — *‘lSth October 1651. It was ordered by the council that com- missioners should survey the 4 courts and the gallery at Cork house and report how much it would cost to repair the decays. On 20th January 1652-3 order was given for the supplying of boards, posts, nails, hinges, wood for ballusters door case &c. for fitting up rooms in Corke house for clerks attending the commis- sioners of parliament for the affairs of Ireland. By an order of council dated 1st Angust 1653, it was ordered, that Roger Lord Broghill Sir Hardress Waller Col. Hierome Sankey Col. Richard Laurence Scout Master Genl. John Jones Adjt. Genl. Hy. Jones Adjt. Genl. Wm. Allen Major Anthy. Morgan * The following is the official report of the proceedings of a council of war at Cork house on the ninth of March 1651, relative to lieutenant colonel Prime Iron Rochfort, ancestor of the now extinct earls of Bel- vedere : , ^ Lieutenant General, President. Mr. Corbett, Col. Jones, Mr. Weaver, Col. Hewson, Muster-Master- General, Col. Lawrence, Adjutant-General Long, Major Meredith, Lieut. Col. Arnap, Major Jones, Captains Pierce, Campbell, Sankey, Mansfield, Hore, Haycock, Manwaring, Sands. “ The defendant being this day convened before the court_ held at Cork-house, in the presence of the right lion, the commissioners of parliament, the lieutenant-general being president. 1. It being put to the question whether the blow received by Turner upon^ his head from lieut. col. Rochfort, was the cause of the said Turner s death ? Resolved in the affirmative. 2. Whether upon the evidence presented to the court, it appears that lieut. col. Rochfort gave the mortal womid unto the party slain, out of malice and with intention to kill him ? Re- solved in the negative. 3. Whether upon the whole evidence it appear- eth, that lieut. col. Rochfort wounded the said Turner in his own de- fence? Resolved in the negative. 4. Whether lieut. col. Rochfort be guilty of the death of the said Turner within the seventh article ot duties moral? Resolved in the negative. 5. Whether lieut. col. Prime-iron Rochfort, in killing of major Turner by the wound he gave him in the head, be guilty of manslaughter within the last articffi of war, under Hie title of administration of justice ? Resolved in the affirmative 6. Wlie- ther, upon the matter of evidence appearing to the court, he be guilty ot a breach of the fifth article, under the title of duties in the camp and garrison? Resolved in the affirmative. 7. Whether upon t lie rvWe matter, lieut. col. Rochfort shall suffer death? Resolved in the affir- mative.” , , e Rochfort was shot on 14th May, 1652, pursuant to the sentence of the court, and a branch of the family would have become extinct by his death, but for an extraordinary instance of moral courage and contempt of death which he exhibited a few hours before his execution. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. Col. Rob. Barron Lt. Col. Arnop Qr. Mr. Genl. Vernon Dr. Philip Carteret and Major Henry Jones or any five of them be a standing committee to sitt at Corke house every Monday Wednesday and Friday, to consider all matters referred to them by the commissioners of the common wealth, to offer sugges- tions from time to time how oppressions may be removed and re- dressed, and what else they conceive may be for the public service, and particularly how trade may be advanced, and how the great work of transplantation may be managed and carried on with the most advantage to the common v/ealth. On August 1653, it was ordered that the long gallery in Corke house befitted up for the said standing committee. ‘‘ On I6th April 1685 by a further order of council it was ordered that Corke house be repaired, especially the roof — and the gallery also ; as also that a convenient passage be made through the gallery from Oorke house into the castle. Yet so that convenTent chambers and rooms be prepared in the said gallery for the meeting of the committees and others. On 22d June 1655, it was ordered by the council Whereas the lord deputy and councill are necessitated^ to re- move out of Cork house to sitt in the old councill chamber in the castle for some tyme w'hile Cork house is in repayring, and for as much and whereas there is a necessity for having the conveniency of some rooms in the said castle for clerks and other officers to attend the councill. It is ordered that all such rooms that were for- merly belonging to the old councill chamber in the castle be forthwith repayred : And on 28th June 1655, It was by order of councill, dated at Dublin castle, referred to chief justice Pepys, one of the councill, and Mr. attorney genl. Basill, to consider of such evidence and writings as relate to the house called Corke house in Dublin, and to reporte what they hold advisable as to the having a longer lease made of the said house.” The lease, however, does not appear to have been re- newed, and Cork-house was relinquished as a government office. After the Restoration the earls of Cork came again into possession, and in 1660, it is described as abut- ting on Dame's gate and the city wall on the east ; to the street on the north ; to the High-street, leading to the castle, on the west ; and to the mearing stone, set in the wall of the gallery, distant one hundred feet from the castle wall, on the south." In 1670, '"at the charges of the commissioners of the customs an exchange place was made in the garden of Cork- house (formeily the grave-yard of St. Marie la dame), very convenient with buildiugs erected on pillars to walk under in foul weather, where merchants and others met every day at the ringing of the bell to treat of their business." In 1685 imr THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. William Mendey, bookseller kept his shop in the Exchange; and a Williamite writer of the day, tells us that by the rudeness of the Papists, in the times of James II., '' the Exchange was entirely ruined ; neither buyers nor sellers being able to keep in it, by reason of the insolencies of the new Popish officers who walked in it, affronted or assaulted every body, or extorted their goods from them for nothing, the shopkeepers not daring fo refuse to trust them.'' This statement, however, must be received with caution, as an original proclamation, now before us, issued by the king from Dublin castle on the 24th of November 1689, decrees death against any souldiers and others of our army" guilty of any manner of waste, spoyl or destruction whatsoever" in the city or liberties of Dublin. The Exchange appears J:o haye__be_en renmyed from_Cork- hou^diH’ing the reign of William and Ma ry; in 170 7 we find notice of "'Cork change," and a part of it was subsequent- ly occupied by Pressick Rider* and Thomas Harbin, printers ; among whose publications in " the Exchange on Cork hill" may be noticed the first edition of Tickell's charming ballad Of Leinster, famed for maidens fair. Bright Lucy was the grace.” They also published here in 1725 a periodical called the " Dictator," issued on Mondays and Eridays ; and some years later (1749) Christopher Plunket, an expert fencing master, * He was “ obliged to abscond on his printing an inflammatory pam- phlet against government, a proclamation having been issued, and a reward of one thousand pounds offered for apprehending him. He took on him the name of Darby (his wife’s name) and for many years was an itinerant comedian in England.” His son, Thomas Rider, subsequently manager of the Dublin theatre, became one of the most celebrated actors of his age. Opposite to Lucas’s was the “stationers’ hall” which was occa- sionally let for various purposes. In 1737 we find notice of a sumptuous banquet given in it to the lord lieutenant, and it was also used as an auction room for the sale of plate and valuables. From 1730 to 1768 Cornelius Kelly, noticed in our paper on Fishamble-street, kept bis fencing school at the stationers’ hall, in which he gave lessons on Mondays, Wed- iiBscltiys, and Fridays. Kelly visited London in 1748 wliere, in a public match before a large number of nobility and gentry, he signally defeated the best fencing master in England, and was universally admitted to be the most expert swordsman then knoAvn. The “Dublin news letter” (1740) published on Tuesdays and Saturdays, Avas “printed by and for R. Reilly at the stationers’ hall on Cork-hill.” Among various curiosities exhibited here “ in a Avarm-room Avith a good fire from nine in the morning to eight at night in 1731, Avere “ a painting by Raphael, and several fleas tied by gold chains.” On Cork-hill were THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. //^ im kept his school over the old Exchange.'*^ Towards the close of the seventeenth century a portion of Cork house was con- verted into one of the most fashionable places of public resort in Dublin^ known as Lucas’s coffee house. In a satire pub- lished in 1706 we find iCdScnEieTar'"™"**^ That famed place where slender wights resort, And gay Pulvilio keeps his scented court ; located Soly man’s coffee-house (1691) ; St. Laurence’s coflPee-house (1608) ; the Union coffee-house, where we find pamphlets printed in 1708 ; the Globe tavern, on the site of which three houses were built in 1 729 ; the Hoop tavern (1733) where a musical society used to hold their meetings; the Cock and punch bowl (1735) in which a masonic Iq^e assembled on every second Thursday. Close to the castle“waTaTtffiard table kept in 1712 by John Gwin ; we find notice of Shaw a bookseller here in 1698, and an English writer of the same period gives the follow- ing account of Mat Kead, a barber on Cork-hill, who, it may be observed had travelled through a considerable part of Europe. “He is a man willing to please, and the most genteel barber I saw in Dublin, and therefore I became his quarterly customer ; but as ready as he is to humor his friends, yet is he brisk and gay, and the worst made for a dissembler of any man in the world ; he is generous and frank, and speaks whatever he thinks, which made me have a kindness for him ; and it was not lost, for he treated me every quarterly payment, and was obliging to the last ; he has wit enough, a great deal of good humour, and (though a barber) owner of as much generosity as any man in Ire- land. And if ever I visit Dublin again, Mat Read, or in case of his death, his heir and successor, is the only barber for me. And as for his spouse though her face is full of pock holes she is a pretty little good-humoured creature, and smiles at every word.’’ The “ cock pit royal” was located on Cork-hill early in tfie last century. The amusements during the season be- gan here at 12 a.m., and matches were fought between the various counties and provinces generally for about forty guineas a battle and five hundred guineas for the main or odd battle. Noblemen and persons of the highest rank as well as the lowest classes frequented the cock pit, where wagers to the amount of several thousand guineas were frequently risked on the result of the conflicts. Here also was the Eagle tavern (1733), kept by Lee, where a mason ic lodge assembled on every second Wednes- day ; and in which tfieTIano v ef cTub, John Plunkenett, secretary, met on every Wednesday evening. On their pubKc anniversaries the members went in procession from the castle and marched round Stephen’ s-green, whence they returned to a banquet at the “Eagle;” one of the gold medals of this society, bearing on it the arms of the house of Hanover, is preserved in the museum of the Royal Irish Academy. In this tavern also were held the dinners of the Aughrim and the Sportsman’s clubs. In 1755 the duke of Hamilton and his duchess (Elizabeth Gunning) visited Dublin and dined at the Eagle tavern, the approaches to which were rendered for the time impassable by the vast crowds who thronged to see the beautiful Irishwoman whose attractions had created such a Avonderful sensation in England. Isaac D’Olier, goldsmith, resided at the “ bear and hammer” on Cork-hill in the early part of the last cen- tury, and removed thence during the improvements of 1762 to a house in Dame-street formerly occupied by Grogan, a noted mercer. 328 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Where exiled wit ne’er shews its hated face. But happier nonsense fills the thoughtless place ; Where sucking beaux, our future hopes, are bred, The sharping gamester, and the bully red. O’er stock’d with fame, but indigent of bread.” At noon Lucases was usually crowded by the city beaux ; dressed in all that was fine and gay, with prim queues or martial Eugene wigs, bugled waistcoats, Steinkirk breast ruf- fles, and gold clocks in their silk stockings, they strutted about the coffee-house, read the newspapers, sipped coffee, rolled to the park or playhouse in a chair or coach and six, and passed a part of their evenings either in the galleries of the houses of parliament or in the theatres, where the stage was thronged with them on benefit nights ; and the sober citizens complained that even at divine service they were distracted by those extravagant petit maitres. In a poetical description of a pretty fellow"" of the time of queen Anne, we are told that “ At Lucas’s he spends the day. And for a month won’t miss a play ; Pays all his visits here and there. And cannot walk without a chair. Unless it be in Stephen’s green. To shew his shapes and to be seen ; The coach or chair must stand and wait. While our doughty hero walks in state.” Of the various extraordinary characters who frequented Lucas"s one of the most eccentric was an ancestor of the authoress of Castle Eackrent,’" who was appropriately styled the '"prince of puppies."" « It is reported of this colonel Ambrose Edgeworth, that he once made a visit to one of his brothers, who lived at a distance of about one day’s journey from his house, and that he travelled to see him with his led horse, portmantuas, &c. As soon as he arrived at his brother’s, the portmantuas were unpacked, and three suits of fine deaths, one finer than another, hung upon chairs in ds bedchamber, together with his night-gown, and shaving plate, ^ disposed in their proper places. The next morning, upon his coming down to break- fast, with his boots on, his brother asked him where he proposed riding before dinner : I am going directly home says the colonel. Lord ! said his brother, I thought you intended to stay some time with us. No, replied the colonel, I can’t stay with you at present ; THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 329 I only just came to see you and my sister, and must return home this morning. And accordingly his deaths, &c, were packed up, and off he went. But what mint soever the colonel might have had to boast of, his son Talbot Edgeworth excelled him by at least fifty bars length. Talbot never thought of anything but fine cloaths, splendid furniture for his horse, and exciting, as he flattered himself, universal admiration. In these pursuits he expended his whole in- come, which, at best, was very inconsiderable : in other respects, he cared not how he lived. To do him justice, he was an exceeding handsome fellow, well shaped, and of good heighth, rather tall than of the middle size. He began very early in his life, even before he was of age, to shine forth in the world, and continued to blaze during the whole reign of George the first. He bethought himself very happily of one extravagance, well suited to his diposition : he insisted upon an exclusive right to one board at Lucas’s coffee house, where he might walk backwards and forwards, and exhibit his person to the gaze of all beholders ; in which particular he was indulged almost universally ; but now and then some arch fellow would usurp on his privilege, take possession of the board, meet him, and dispute his right ; and when this happened to be the case, he would chafe, blus- ter, ask the gentleman his name, and immediately set him dowm in his table-book, as a man he would fight when he came to age. With regard to the female world, his common phrase was, ‘ They may look and die.’ In short, he was the jest of the men, and the contempt of the women. This unhappy man, being neglected by his relations in his lunacy, was taken into custody during his madness and confined in Bridewell, Dublin, where he died.” The generality of the frequenters of Lucas^s"^ were, however, * The other fa shiona ble places at this time, including the Bason, the Strar^Emgseml'TnOJnfpTeoge 7 ^sliair^b^ noticed in detail. LouglmnstdwfiTn the county of Dublin was the resort of the sporting gentlemen who repaired thither to hunt with the earl of Meath’s hounds. “ In 1744, the inn at Loughlinstown was kept by Owen Bray, and was at that period one of the best houses of accommodation in the kingdom, in consequence of the singular attention of the host, who was a man of sonie education, of much plain, solid, good sense, and so remarkably obliging, that the neighbouring gentlemen frequently made parties to dineat Loughlinstown. Here particularly, from a similar motive — to pro- mote his interests— were held the cock-fights, which, though now happily forgotten, were then a favorite amusement of this country.” The fol- lowing song commemorates the attractions of Loughlinstown, the cost of a conveyance to which from Dublin at the period above mentioned was two shillings and two pence — “ Are ye landed from England, and sick of the seas. Where ye roll’d, and ye tumbl’d all manner of ways: To Loughlins-town then, without any delays. For you’ll never be right, till you see Owen Bray’s, With his Ballen a mona, oro. A glass of his claret for me. Y THE IRISH QUxiRTERLY REVIEW. /%() far more dangerous members of society tlian the luckless Edge- worth. The insane rage for duelling which pervaded Europe at the period extended to Ireland, and the hot politics of the time Were ye full of complaints from the crown to the toe, A visit to Owen’s will cure ye of woe ; A buck of such spirits ye never did know. For let what will happen they’re always in flow. When he touches up Ballen a mona, oro. The joy of that fellow for me. Fling leg over garron, ye lovers of sport, True joy is at Bray’s, tho’ there’s little at court; ’Tis thither the lads of brisk mettle resort, For there they are sure that they 11 never fall short, Of claret, and Ballen a mona, oro. The eighty-fourth bumper forme. Mean-spirited reptiles deservedly sink. But Owen shall sing, and shall hunt, and shall drink, The boy that from bumpers yet never did shrink ; Nor till threescore and ten, shall he venture to think Of leaving off Ballen a mona, oro. Long life to gay fellows for me.” In addition to his fully recognised merits as a worthy landlord, and liberal purveyor of venison and claret, Owen Bray was also distinguished as a sportsman, in which character he figures in the “ Kilruddery fox hunt,” the authorship of which celebrated song has been ascribed to him : — “ In seventeen hundred, and forty and four. The fifth of December— I think ’twas no more, At five in the morning, by most of the clocks. We rode from Kilruddery, in search of a fox ; The Loughlinstovvn landlord, the bold Owen Bray, With squire Adair, sure, was with us that day ; Jo Debili, Hall Preston, that huntsman so stout, Dick Holmes, a few others, and so we went out.” * * * * “ A pack of such hounds, and a set of such men, ’Tis a shrewd chance if ever you meet with again. Had Nimrod, the mightiest of hunters, been there, ’Fore gad, he had shook like an aspen for fear.’’ After Owen Bray’s death in 1763, Loughlinstown house was kept by Christopher Clark. “ Squire Adair” was John Adair of Kilternan, CO. Dublin, collector and customer of the port of Limerick, noted for “ his bumpers, his beef and good cheer,” and who, says an old song, was “ possess’d of a pretty estate, — And would to the Lord it was ten times as great.” A song of the middle of the last century relates how old Time took a frolic “ By the help of good claret, to dissipate cares. The spot was Kilternan,— the house was Adair’s. Not us’d to the sight of the soberer race. With the door in her hand, the maid laugh d in his face ; For she thought by his figure he must be, at least, Some plodding mechanic, or prig of a priest. But soon as he said, that he came for a'glass, Without any reserve, she reply’d he might pass; Yet smoak’d his bald pate as he totter d along And despis'd him as moderns despise an old song. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. rendered single combats as frequent in Dublin as at Paris or behind Lucas^’s coffee-house was the place to which the fiery disputants usually retired to settle Jack Adair was at table with six of his friends, Who, for making him drunk, he was making amends ; Time hoped, at his presence none there was affronted — ‘ Sit down, boy,’ says Jack, ‘ and prepare to be hunted.’ They drank hand to fist, for six hours and more; ’Till down tumbled Time, and began for to snore ; Five gallons of claret they pour'd on his head, And were going to take the old flincher to bed.” Adair, who died in 1760, is also commemorated in some verses detailing the revels at Kilternan in July, 1745 : — “Jack Adair said so fleet were his horses and dogs. That nothing could match his old bay, sir. For leaping o’er ditches and scamp’ring thro’ bogs. And hanging by heath upon Bray, sir. St. Leger by laughing, and drinking pell-mell. Soon put the whole man in a blaze, sir ; Tho’ unus’d to be conquer’d, he now broke the spell, And the bottle did stand in a maze, sir. Ye Fland'rikins stout may boast of your war. May kill all the French, sir, and spare none, But shew me the man wou’dn’t rather by far, ]3e drinking with Jack at Kilternan. Ye Trinity drones with your logick so stale. May plod over Burgers to learn on, But who wou’d prefer college mutton and ale To the claret and beef of Kilternan ? Were I possess’d of all the chink That was conquer'd by Cortez, Hernan, I’d part with it all for one good drink With Johnny Adair of Kilternan. The soldiers may drink to their Cumberland brave, The sailors may drink to their Vernon, Whilsl all merry mortals true happiness have With Johnny Adair of Kilternan.” A French writer, in a notice of Hollyhrook, county Wicklow, relates the following anecdote of another jovial squire Adair ; the invader in this case was as unsuccessful as the two English adventurers noticed at page 334. “ C’est dans cette maison que vivait, ce Robert Adair, si fameux dans nombre de chansons en Ecosse et en Irlande. J’ai vu son portrait, il est I’aieul de lord Molesworth, et de sir Robert Hodson a qui Oily Brook appartient. On m’a cont4 son histoire de cette maniere. Un Ecossais, un maitre ivrogne apparement, ayant entendu parler des prouesses Bachiques de Robert Adair, vint d’Ecosse ^xpres pour le defier a la bouteille : a peine d^barqu^ a Dublin, il demanda a de tout le monde dans son jargon, ‘ Ken ye, one Robin Adair,’ tant qu’ a la fin on lui indiqua son homme. Il se rendit chez lui, demanda a lui parler et lui fit part de son projet : Robert Adair ^tait alors a table; il lui olfrit de vuider le different sur le champ, mais I’Ecossais ne voulut rien accepter chez lui, et lui dit que tout ^tait pret a 1 auberge de Bray. Nos deux champions, se rendirent sur le champ de bataille, mais apres dix bouteilles I’Ecossais se laissa tomber sous la table : Robert / 2 - 2 . THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. their differences in a hostile manner. The company flocked to the windows to see that the laws of honor were fully observed^ and to bet upon the probable survivor of the infatuated men who were crossing their swords beneath in deadly combat ; and when death terminated the encounter, the thoughtless spectators retired to discuss the relative qualities of their Mar- gaux, Graves or Haut-brian claret, the then favorite wdnes. The portrait of Jack Gallaspy will give an idea of the class of men who held high positions among the bloods'"’ of their day : — ‘‘ Gallaspy was the tallest and strongest man I have ever seen, well made, and very handsome. He had wit and abilities, sung well, and talked with great sweetness and fluency, but was so extremely wicked, that it were better for him, if he had been a natural fool. By his vast strength and activity, his riches and eloquence, few things could withstand him. He was the most prophane swearer I have known : fought everything, debauched everything, and drank seven in a hand ; that is, seven glasses so placed between the fingers of his right hand, that in drinking, the liquor fell into the next glasses, and thereby he drank out of the first glass seven glasses at once. ^ This w\as a common thing, I find from a book in my possession, in the reign of Charles the second, in the madness that followed the resto- ration of that profligate and worthless prince. But this gentleman was the only man 1 ever saw who could or would attempt to do it ; and he made but one gulp of whatever he drank ; he did not swallow a fluid like other people, but if it was a quart, poured it in as from pitcher to pitcher. When he sinoaked tobacco, he always blew two pipes at once, one at each corner of his mouth, and threw the smoak of both out of his nostrils. He had killed two men in duels before 1 left Ireland, and would have been hanged, but that it was his good fortune to be tried before a judge, who never let any man suffer for killing another in this manner. (This was the late (1742) sir John St. Leger). He debauched all the women he could, and many whom he could not corrupt, he ravished. I went with him once in the stage- coach to Kilkenny, and seeing two pretty ladies pass by in their own chariot, he sworeTn his horrible way, having dranlc very hard after dinner, that he would immediately stop them and seize them : nor was it without great difficulty that I hindered him from attempt- ing the thing ; by assuring him I v/ould be their protector, and he Adair la dessus, tira la sonnette, en demanda une onzienne et en pre- sence des gargons se mettant a cheval sur le pauvre Ecossais, il I’avalla entiferement sans prendre haleine et se mit a hurler huzza a gorgee de- ployee. Quand le bon-homme d’Ecosse, eut cuve son vin, il s’en retour- na en ville ; son histoire avait fait du bruit, et 1’ on venait lui demander en ricannant, ‘Ken ye, one Robin Adair,’ et il r^pondait, ‘I ken the Dil.’ THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. must pass through my heart before he could proceed to offer them the least rudeness. In sum, I never saw his equal in impiety, especially when inflamed with liquor, as he was every day of his life, though it was notin the power of wine to make him drunk, weak, or senseless. He set no bounds or restrictions to mirth and revels. He only slept every third night, and that often in his cloaths in a chair, where he would sweat so prodigiously as to be wet quite through ; as wet as if come from a pond, or a pail of water had been thrown on him. While all the world was at rest, he was either drinking or dancing, scouring the public-houses, or riding as hard as he could drive his horse on some iniquitous project. And yet, he never was sick, nor did he ever receive any hurt or mischief. In health, joy, and plenty, he passed life away, and died about a year ago at his house in the county of Galway, without a pang or any kind of pain. This was Jack Gallaspy. There are, how'ever, some things to be said in his favour, and as he had more regard for me than any of his acquaintance, I should be ungrateful if I did not do him all the jus- tice in my power. He was in the first place far from being quarrel- some, and if he fought a gentleman at the small sword, or boxed with a porter or coachman, it was because he had in some degree been ill used, or fancied that the laws of honour required him to call an equal to an account, for a transaction. His temper was naturally sweet. In the next place, he was the most generous of mankind. His purse of gold was ever at his friend’s service : he was kind and good to his tenants : to the poor a very great benefactor. He would give more money away to the sick and distressed in one year, than I believe many rich pious people do in seven. He had the blessings of thousands, for his charities, and, perhaps, this procured him the pro- tection of heaven.” Tlie characters of the men of this period were composed of so strange and inconsistent a mixture of good and evil quali- ties, that it appears difficulty to decide whether their outrages of all human and divine laws, were counterbalanced by their nu- merous acts of charity and philanthropy. Duelling was an inevi- table consequence of the state of European society in the early part of the last century, when deep drinking was esteemed good fellowship, and when profligacy was regarded as one of tlie attributes of a fine gentleman,^^ — whose chief ambition was to be able to imbibe an enormous quantity of wine, and to use the small sword with sufficient dexterity to despatch, in single combat, any man who presumed to question his statements however false or absurd. An illustration of the extraordinary extent to which the duelling mania was carried at the period is furnished by the following anecdote of two Englishmen who travelled to Ireland purposely to kill or be killed by the hos- pitable Mr. Mathew of Thomastown, of whom they knew THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. nothing save that he was reputed one of the best swordsmen of his day : — ‘‘ It was towards the latter end of queen Anne’s reign, when Mr. Mathew returned to Dublin, after his long residence abroad. At that time party ran very high, but raged no where with such violence as in that city, inasmuch, that duels were every day fought there on that score. There happened to be, at that time, two gentlemen in London who valued themselves highly on their skill in fencing ; the name of one of them was Pack, the other Creed ; the former a major, the latter a captain in the army. Hearing of these daily exploits in Dublin, they resolved, like two knight-errants, to go over in quest of adventures. Upon enquiry, they learned that Mr. Mathew, lately arrived from France, had the character of being one of the first swordsmen in Europe. Pack, rejoiced to find an antagonist worthy of him, resolved the first opportunity to pick a quarrel with him ; and meeting him as he was carried along the street in his chair, jostled the fore chairman. Of this Mathew took no notice, as supposing it to be accidental. But Pack afterwards boasted of it in the public coffee-house, saying, that he had purposely offered this insult to that gentleman, who had not the spirit to resent it. There happened to be present a particular friend of Mr. Mathew’s of the name of Macnamara,’*^ a man of tried courage, and reputed the best fencer in ■* The Macnamaras of Thomond sprang from Oliol-Olum, king of lyiunster in the middle of the third century, by his son Cormac-Cas, founder of the dynasty of north Munster, or Thomond. The principal representative of this race on the Continent in the last century was an officer in the French navy, John Macnamara, vice-admiral, grand cross chevalier of the royal and military order of St. Louis, and governor of Kochefort. The French biographer of Louis XV., after observing how Louisburgh in north America fell into the hands of the English, through the fault of the naval officer, M. de la Maisonfort, captain of the Vigil- ant, sent with supplies for the place, then remarks— “ As for the rest, the victory of M. de Macnamara, a simple captain of a ship, appointed to the command of a squadron of 5 vessels and 2 frigates, designed for the American islands — where he met with several of the enemy’s men- oLwar, whom he fought, and obliged to sheer off— supported the honour of the French flag.’’ In 1755, on the renewal of hostilities between France and England, Macnamara commanded the following, of the two squadrons, fitted out in Brest and Kochefort, against the English : his own vessel— La Fleur de Lys, 80 guns— L’Heros, 74— Le Palmier, 74— L’Eveille, 64— L’Inflexible, 64— L’Aigle, 50 -L’Am^tiste, 30— La Fleur de Lys, 30— LTIeroine, 24. He was remarkable for the diligence and skill with which he preserved from the enemy the fleets of merchant vessels entrusted to his convoyance. Lord Cloncurry tells us of J ohn Macnamara a high tory politician, upon intimate terms with Pitt, Avho was severely injured at the Westminster election ivliere he took an active part against Fox : the unlortunate miss Ray, mother of the late Basil Montague, was leaning on his arm when she was shot by the Kcv. INIr. Ilackmaii, The same writer notices another :Macnamara THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. Ireland. He immediately took up the quarrel, and said, he was sure Mr. Mathew did not suppose the affront intended, otherwise he would have chastised him on the spot: but if the major would let him know where he was to be found, he should be waited on immediately on his friend’s return, who was to dine that day a little way out of town. The major said that he should be at the tavern over the way, where he and his companions would wait their commands. Immediately on his arrival, Mathew being made acquainted with what had passed, went from the coffee-house to the tavern, accompanied by Macna- mara. Being shewn into the room where the two gentlemen were, after having secured the door, without any expostulation, Mathew and Pack drew their swords ; but Macnamara stopped them, saying, he had something to propose before they proceeded to action. He said, in cases of this nature, he never could bear to be a cool spectator, so, sir (addressing himself to Creed) if you please, I shall have the honor of entertaining you in the same manner. Creed, who desired no better sport, made no other reply than that of instantly drawing his sword; and to work the four champions fell, with the same com- posure as if it were only a fencing match with foils. The conflict was of some duration, and maintained with great obstinacy by the two officers, notwithstanding the great effusion of blood from the many wounds which they had received. At length, quite exhausted, they both fell, and yielded the victory to the superior skill of their antago- nists. Upon this occasion, Mathew gave a remarkable proof of the perfect composure of his mind during the action. Creed had fallen the first ; upon which Pack exclaimed, ‘ Ah, poor Creed, are you gone ?’ ^ yes,’ said Mathew, very composedly, ^ and you shall instantly Pack after him ;’ at the same time making a home thrust quite through his body, which threw him to the ground. This was the more remarkable, as he was never in his life, either before or after, known to have aimed at a pun. The number of wounds received by the vanquished parties was very great ; and what seems almost miraculous, their opponents were untouched. The surgeons, seeing the desperate state of their patients, would not suffer them to be removed out of the room where they fought, but had beds imme- diately conveyed into it, on which they lay many hours in a state of insensibility. When they came to themselves, and saw where they were. Pack, in a feeble voice, said to his companion, ‘ Creed, I think who acted in London as agent for political affairs to several of the public men of Ireland. “His table was open to his Irish employers and their connexions ; and there was to be met the elite of the London society of the day. At his villa at Streatham, near Croydon, where his hospitality shone out with the greatest brilliancy, his larder was a sort of public curiosity, and was usually shown to his visitors as such. It was always provisioned as for a siege, which, in fact, it sustained every Sunday, when a large and very often a most agreeable, dinner-party assembled. On these occasions it was no unusual event for the prince of Wales to attend uninvited, as did also men of the highest rank and note in both houses of parliament.'’ THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. we are the conquerors, for we have kept the field of battle.’ For a long time their lives were despaired of, but to the astonishment of every one, they both recovered. When they were able to see com- pany, Mathew and his friend attended them daily, and a close inti- macy afterwards ensued, as they found them men of probity, and of the best dispositions, except in this Quixotish idea of duelling, whereof they were now perfectly cured.” It must however be recollected that at this period, according to a learned writer, the ignorance and immorality of the great mass of society in England were gross and disgusting. By the generality of fashionable persons of both sexes, literary and scientific attainments were despised as pedantic and vulgar. 'That general knowledge which now circulates in common talk, was then rarely to be found. Men not professing learn- ing were not ashamed of ignorance ; and in the female world, any acquaintance with books was distinguished only to be censured.’’ Politics formed almost the sole topic of conver- sation among the gentlemen, and scandal among the ladies; swearing and indecency were fashionable vices ; gaming and drunkenness abounded ; and the practice of duelling was carried to a most irrational excess. In the theatre, as well as in society, the corruption of Charles II.’s reign continued to prevail ; and men of the highest rank were the habitual en- couragers of the coarse amusements of bull-baiting, bear-bait- ing, and prize fighting.’’^ The commencement of the reforma- tion of this degraded state of society has been unanimously and truthfully ascribed to a native of Dublin — sir Ilichard Steele — who, by originating periodical literature, "brought philosophy out of closets and libraries, schools and colleges, to dwell in clubs and assemblies, at tea-tables and in cofiee-houses we hope to shew in a future paper what a considerable proportion of intellect was contributed by Ireland to the aristocracy of wit and learning in the first half of the eighteenth century. Lucas’s coffee-house continued to be frequented till a short time before the year 1768, when it was re- moved, together with adjacent buildings, by the com- missioners appointed to widen tlie approach to the castle. The latest notice we find of it is in 1768 when a collection of wild beasts was exhibited " in the large room over the coffee- house;^" the total sum paid to government for Cork -house amounted to £8329 3^. ^d. After the completion of the plans for the present Parliament street it was found that the THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. mr latter could not be carried in a direct line with an entrance into the castle-yard without destroying a considerable number of important buildings^ and it was proposed that a chapel for government with a high cupola should be made the termination of the new street. The merchants of Dublin however presented , a petition to parliament “ setting forth their want of a proper . lot of ground to erect an exchange on ; that the difficulties ; they laboured under for want of such ground was a detriment to trade, and that if a lot of ground was granted to them in Dame-street, opposite Parliament-street, it would be a great ad- advantage tothecommerceaiidtradeofthecityofDublin.'’^ Their petitioii was granted, and a plot of ground of one hundred feet square was reserved for the proposed erection which appears to have originated from the following circumstances : — Mr. Thomas Allen having, in 1763, been appointed by patent to the sinecure place of taster of wines, and endeavouring to en- force a fee of two shillings per ton on all wines and other liquors imported into this kingdom, the body of merchants of this city, alarmed at what they considered as a new mode of arbitrary taxation, formed an association, entered into a sub- scription, and appointed a committee of twenty-one of their members to conduct a legal opposition to the measure: the struggle did not last long, or cost much; and turning their thoughts to the best mode of applying the redundant subscrip- tion, they unanimously adopted the idea of building a commo- dious building for the meeting of merchants and traders : such seems to have been the origin of the idea of building this Ex- change, and a situation having been fixed upon, the purchase- money, £13,500 was obtained from parliament by the zeal and activity of doctor Charles Lucas, then one of the city repre- sentatives.'-’ To defray the expenses of the building a sum of about forty thousand pounds was raised by lotteries conducted by the merchants with the greatest integrity, and premiums having been offered for the best and most suitable architectural design, the plans of Thomas Cooley were finally accepted, while the second premium was awarded to James Gandon, and the third to T. Sandby. The duke of Northumberland, while lord lieutenant of Ireland, had taken a lively interest in the furtherance of the erection of the Exchange, and had ob- tained a charter incorporating the trustees, for which it was intended to erect his statue in white marble in a niche in the front of the new building. His recall from Ireland, THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. however, prevented him laying the first stone of the edifice which was executed on the second of August, 1769, by lord Townshend, accompanied the lord chancellor, the archbishop of Dublin and the trustees ; all the bells in the town rang out the ships in the harbour displayed their colors, and after the ceremony the lord lieutenant was entertained in a magnificent manner at the Tholsel by the trustees. The foundation was laid upon a rock formerly well known as Standfast ^ifiL which extends along Parliament-street, under Essex-bridge to Liffey-street on the north side of the river. The prelimi- minary arrangements had scarcely been completed, when an attempt was made by the corporation of the city to obtain control over the intended edifice ; this was successfully resisted by the merchants in whom parliament finally vested the pro- perty. The trust being thus arranged, not only did the merchants provide the necessary funds for erecting the Exchange without any assistance from parliament, but a fund lor upholding the building was provided by a tax on their entries at the custom house, the surplus of that fund being subse- quently appropriated towards erecting the commercial build- ings, and corn exchange, for the further accommodation and 5 use of the trade of Dublin. The merchants at the same time I appropriating £1000 towards re-building I pital, and several other large sums exceeding 1-15,0(10"To the ^ marine school, Hibernian school, and to the hospitals oi the city.^^* The Exchange was first opened in 1779, having been ten years in erection, and the following is a contemporary description of tlie interior of the edifice at that time ; The inside of this edifice, possess beauties that cannot be clearly expressed by words, being a great curiosity to those who have a taste for architecture. The dome is spacious, lofty, and noble, and is supported by twelve composite fluted columns, which rising from the floor, form a circular walk, in the centre of the ambulatory ; the entablature over the columns, is enriched in the most splendid nmn- ner, and above that, are twelve elegant circular windows, ihe * See the able “ statement relating to the royal Exchange of Dublin Svo., the production of a gentleman no \ess distinguished for ^ position in the mercantile world, than for and history of Ireland ; and whose late munificent conduct in attempting to preserve for this country one of the most valuable art (described in the Irish Quarterly Beview, Vol. i. p. 613) will not soon be forgotten. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. cieling of the dome is decorated with stucco ornaments, in the Mosaic taste, divided into small hexagonal compartments, and in^the centre is a large window that illumines most of the building. Between two of the columns, opposite the entrance of the north front, on a white marble pedestal, is a statue in brass, of his present majesty, George the third, in a Roman military habit, crowned with laurel, and holding a truncheon in his hand ; it was executed by Mr. Van Nost, and cost seven hundred guineas. On each side of the fluted columns that support the dome, are semi-pilasters of the Ionic order, that extend to upwards of half the height of the columns ; over the pilasters is an entablature, and above that, in the space between the columns, are elegant festoons of drapery, and other ornamental decorations ; with a clock over the statue of his majesty, and directly opposite the entrance at the north front. Behind four of the columns, answering to the angles of the building, are recesses, with desks, and other accommodations for writing, these are not only very convenient, but serve to square the walks that surround the principal one in the centre ; those side walks are supported by Ionic pilasters, that are continued round the building, with blank arcades, in v/hich seats are placed ; the floor through the whole am- bulatory is handsomely inlaid, particularly in the central part. The columns, pilasters, arcade, floor, stair-cases, &c., are all of Portland stone, which creates a very grand effect. At each extremity of the north side of the exchange, are oval geometrical stair-cases, which lead to the coffee-room, and other apartments on the same floor : The stair-cases, are enlightened by flat oval lanterns in the cieling, which is embellished by handsome stucco ornaments : In some of the compartments, are represented figures found in the ruins of Herculaneum, with the grounds colored^ In a niche on the west stair- case, is a beautiful pedestrian statue of the late Dr,. Qharles Lucas, sculptured in white marble by Mr. Edward Smyth* of this city, the * The artist was only in his twenty-third year when he produced the model of this statue. “ In the history of sculpture,” says a late critic, “ perhaps, there is not another instance of such maturity having been produced at such an age. This statue has long been the object of great admiration ; it has also been occasionally the subject of most stringent criticism. Many of its admirers, however, are not at all unwilling to admit, that more sobriety of air, and less energy of action, would have brought it more within the pale of conventional excellence ; but, whilst they yield this concession, they contend for the breathing eloquence which it portrays ; the vigorous, the manly appeal which it urges ; and the masterly and artist-like powers with which it is executed. The figure stands with a commanding firmness, leaning a little forward ; the head finely expressive of an untiring zeal ; one hand is stretched forward, grasping the scroll containing an enumeration of the rights for which he is contending ; the other seizes the mantle, whose ample folds so grandly surround the figure. There is a nervous energy characterising the whole man. He appears to be just the sort of person who could rivet the attention of a public assembly ; the very man, who, Hannibal-like, would, by means untried by other men, cut his way through those cold THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. expense of which, was defrayed by a number of gentlemen, admirers of the deceased patriot ; on the body of the pedestal in bas-relief, is a representation of liberty seated, with her rod and cap. The coifee-room, extends from one stair-case to the other, almost the whole length of the north front, and its breadth is from the front to the dome : In point of magnificence, it is perhaps equal to any coffee-room in Great Britain : It receives its lights by the windows in the north front, and by oval lanterns in the flat of the cieling, which is highly ornamented, and from which is suspended a grand lustre. The other embellishments of this room are in good taste, and entirely convenient : In one side of the room is a clock, .sur- rounded with stucco ornaments. At the west front, is a spacious and handsome room, wherein the merchants deposit in ranges of drawers, samples of their different commodities ; at the fourth end is a Venetian window, which helps to light it : This room leads to the apartments of the housekeeper, &c. At the east front, is an elegant room for the committee of merchants to meet in, finished in a good stile, with a Venetian window at the south end w^hich assists in lighting it, similar to that in the room at the west front; adjoin- ing to this apartment is a convenient anti-chamber.” The Exchange does not appear ever to have been extensively used for its intended commercial purposes, and it early became a place for holding public and political meetings. '' Under the Exchange'" says a writer in 1794, did the memorable ^ volunteers of Ireland most commonly muster for reviews or campafgns, whose noble exertions will be remembered to their honor, while the country e^q^eriences the advantages risingfrom a free-trade, and abrogation of such acts as were otherwise inimical obstructions which not only oppose his progress, but threaten, by their impending weight, to crush him on his passage. There is a bold daring about the figure, which neither verges on the bully nor the bravo, but, whilst it seeks redress for the wrongs of others, spares not itself in the struggle. It is a noble impersonation of the patriot man.” The mem- bers of the Irish bar intended, in 1782, to erect a statue to Grattan, but he declined the honor, and the plan was abandoned. Edmund Burke, in a letter to lord Charlemont, recommended for the purpose Hickey, a young Irish sculptor, who, he writes, “ I really think, as far as my judgment goes, is fully equal to our best statuaries, both in taste and execution.” Mr. Grattan’s son tells us, that, after his father’s death, “a statue in marble (executed by Chantry in a manner most creditable to his genius and taste) was erected by private subscription, and is placed in the royal Exchange, Dublin; to the messrs. La Touche, James Corry, Anthony Blake, and a number of other ardent and generous minded friends, this honour is due, and by Mr. Grattan’s family w^as thankfully appreciated.” Of late years the groupe in the Exchange has been augmented by the addition of Hogan’s statues ot Thomas Drum- mond and Daniel O’Connell. THE STllEETS OE DUBLIN. to the rights of a free people; from the clang of arms the vibrat- ing dome caught the generous flamC;, and re-echoed the enliven- ing sound of liberty.^'’ In 1783 the Exchange was selected as the place of meeting for the delegates of the national conven- tion for parliamentary reform ; being, however, found inade- quate to the accommodation of a very large deliberative assem- bly, it was resolved to transfer the sittings of the convention to the Eotunda, and we have the following account of the pro- ceedings on the tenth of November, 1783, by one who himself took a prominent part in them : — The citizens of Dublin excelled in their hospitality ; they ap- peared in crowds every where, forcing their invitations on the coun- try volunteers ; every soldier had numerous billets pressed into his hand ; every householder, who could afford it, vied in entertaining his guest with zeal and cordiality. Every thing was secure and tranquil ; but when it was considered that 300 members had virtually proclaimed a concurrent parliament, under the title of a national con- vention, and were about to lead a splendid prxjcession through the body of the city, to hold its sittings within view of the houses of legislature, the affairs of Ireland seemed drawing fast to some decisive catastro- phe. But it was also considered, that the convention was an assem- bly of men of rank, of fortune, and of talent. The convention, there- fore, possessed an importance and a consistence that seemed to ren- der some momentous consequence absolutely inevitable : the crisis did arrive, but it was unfortunate ; Ireland tottered, retrograded, and has fallen. The firing of twenty-one cannon announced the first movements of the delegates from the royal Exchange to the Rotunda ; a troop of the Rathdown cavalry, commanded by colonel Edwards, of Old-court, county of Wicklow, commenced the procession ; the Liberty brigade of artillery, commanded by Napper Tandy, with a band, succeeded. A company of the barristers’ grenadiers, headed by colonel Redder, with a national standard for Ireland, borne by a captain of grenadiers, and surrounded by a company of the finest men of the regiment came after, their muskets slung, and bright battle-axes borne on their shoulders. A battalion of infantry, with a band, followed, and then the delegates, two and two, with side arms, carrying banners with motto and in their respective uniforms — broad green ribands were worn across their shoulders. Another band followed playing the special national air* alluded to. The chaplains of the different regiments, in their cassocks, marched each with his respective corps, giving solemnity to the procession, and as if invoking the blessing of heaven on their efforts, which had a won- derful effect on the surrounding multitude. Several standards and colors were borne by the different corps of horse and foot ; and * This was the following “ simple noted” march, composed by some of the musicians of Dublin in 1780 for the general adoption of the volun- THE HUSH QUAUTEllLY llEVIEW. nnother brigade of artillery, commanded by counsellor Calbeck, with labels on the cannons’ mouths,* was escorted by the barristers corps in scarlet and gold (the full dress uniform of the king s guards) ; the motto on their buttons being - Vox populi suprema lex est. The procession in itself was interesting, but the surrounding scene was still more affecting. Their line of march, from the Exchange to the Rotunda, was through the most spacious streets and quays of the city, open on both sides to the river, and capable of containing a vastly larger assemblage of people than any part of the metropolis of England, An immense body of spectators, crowding evei} win- dow and house-top, would be but an ordinary occurrence, and might be seen or described without novelty or interest ; but, on this occa- sion, every countenance spoke zeal, every eye expressed solicitude, and every Ltion proclaimed triumph : green ribands and handker- chiefs were waved from every window by the enthusiasm of its fa occupants ; crowds seemed to move on the house-tops ; ribands were flung^upon the delegates as they passed ; yet it was not a loud oi a boisterous, but a firm enthusiasm. It was not the epryescence of a Lated crowd_it was not the fiery ebullition of a it was not sedition_it was liberty that inspired bounded, though the tongue was motionless— those who did not see, or who do not recollect that splendid day, must have the mortifica- tion of reflecting, that (under all its circumstances) no man did before, and no man ever will ^ behold its like again. teer corps throughout the kingdom, that all might be accustomed to march to the same air at their reviews IRISH volunteers’ MARCH. 5 - ‘at “toner? Meetings it invariabiy accompanied St. open thou our lips, and our mouths shall sound forth thy praise ! ” THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. MS During the troubles of 1798, the Exchange was converted into a kind of military depot in which courts martial were held and punishments inflicted on all suspected persons. Einerty tells us that torture was made use of here, under the direction of the immediate agents and confidential friends of government, in the immediate vicinity of the castle, in such a situation that the screams of the sufierers might have been audible in the very offices where the ministers of the govern- ment met to perform their functions.^’ Speaking of the arbi- trary conduct of town major Sirr during this period. Dr. Mad- den observes, there was no redress for these acts : the man who might be fool enougli to seek it, would become a marked man ; subject to be taken up on suspicion, sworn against as in Hevey^s case, and perhaps hanged. A gentleman of the name of Adrien, was seen looking up at the windows of the Exchange, where some prisoners were confined ; he was tapped on the shoulder by the major, and told, at his peril, to turn his eyes on that side of the street again On the 9th of March, 1811, Walter Cox, editor of the Irish magazine, pursuant to the sentence passed on him by lord Norbury, for having published a ^WisioA^ called the "^Painter cut,^^ in reference to the disruption of the connection between England and Ireland, was conducted from Newgate to the royal Exchange, where he stood for an hour in the pillory pre- pared for his punishment, without receiving the slightest indignity from a crowd of about twenty thousand persons who collected to witness the exhibition. In 1814 nine pe rsons we re killed and many sev erely wound ed by the fall of the ba lustra de in front of the Exchange, which gave way to the pressure of a crowd assembled to view the public whipping of a culprit. “ After the assimilation of currency, and alteration in the banking system respecting bills on England, tlie Ex- change became unnecessary for its original purpose. The chamber of commerce therefore applied to government to be enabled to sell the building, and apply the produce to pur- poses beneficial to the trade of the port (government having previously intimated a wish to be the purchaser for £35,000). But ^proceedings were suspended, chiefly in consequence of legal difficulties — various acts of parliament requiring that all meetings of bankrupts' commissioners, &c., should be held at the Exchange, and these acts could not be repealed until the new bankrupt courts, &c., were completed.” It is unnecessary THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. for us here to recapitulate the various public assemblies which have been held in the Exchange previous to its present adap- tation for the purposes of the corporation of the city ; and liad not centralization been partially arrested in its desolating pro- gress, we should most probably have seen realized the forebod- ings of the anti-Union poet “ Thro’ Capel -street soon as you’ll rurally range, You’ll scarce recognize it the same street ; Choice turnips shall grow in your royal Exchange, Fine cabbages down along Dame-street.” At ^‘sir Isaac Newton^s head,^'’ on Cork hill, facing Lucas s coffee house, in the first half of the last century resided John Brooks, an Irish engraver of very high merit. In his ^rly years it is said that '' he made a copy from the print of Hogarth s Bichard III.,in pen and ink, which was esteemed a miracle, for when it was shewed to Hogarth, who was desired to view it with attention, he was so far deceived as to reply he saw nothing in it remarkable, but that it was a very fine impression, and was not convinced until the original was produced to shew that this was a variation in some trifling circumstances. Brooks was the teacher of Spooner, Houston, and James Mac Ardell, the latter is considered to have been the best mez- zotinFo portrait engraver of his day. Houston and ^ooner were also distinguished artists ; the portrait of Mrs. Brooks, wife of his master, engraved by Bichard Houston, from a painting by Worlidge, is one of the most pleasing speci- mens of the art extant. In the last century, before cen- tralization and absenteeism had deprived Lublin of the wealthy classes to whom the cultivators of the fine arts might naturally look for support and patronage many painters and engravers found employment in the Irish metro- polis. We have now before us a copy of proposals issued in 1712 by Brooks for engraving by subscription one hundred portraits to be decided on by lots drawn by the subscribers. This scheme was partially carried out, the subscription was 2s. 6d. to each plate and the lots were drawn in the committee room of the parliament house, and in I74?3 he also issued pro- posals for engraving by subscription a number of country seats within thirty miles of Dublin ; how far these plans were THE streets of DUBLIN. -84&= realized will appear from the catalogue* of his worts Tl, ratio character of Brooks comh;n;n,?™;tu j '^orks. The er- had made induced him to quit Ireland \n the Strand, in London, where he was’fnr , “ •' - ■- S E ':«C 7 SS “3 which sincU^s been%pM°Ld%Sl“^o‘‘ manufacture at Liverpool and other places in Fn printing in enamel colors to burn on *hich printing in enamel colors to burn on 0^^ whicbT • to that general patriot and worthy charactef ,V who conceived it might prove a^ natinnVi i Theodore Jansen, barked in it, took York house at ^ advantage, readily em- considerable expense, MrGynn, a native^oyircr^l ^ designer and engraver, was^employed lith Ur Tot^^ ingenious time was very young-. The snhi-ti+ci ^ "^bn Hall, who that and Homer, Uwefe m^h adm fred PorTbe'^^'f^ OWd “Staving as well as novelty Tf execut ora^d“*^ “d after by the curious for pen^nts in n k° h ““nh sought boxes, &c., &c. This maScTure miSrh?’ “n ‘“^^t geous to all the parties, but through “l^f^Ld ^'^''anta- sipated conduct of Brooks it was in great me. ““afament and dis- rum of Jansen, who was lord mayo^ of*Lj,nd ‘be the commission of bankruptcy was withbeW h ^i!*‘ *™® i but ^P.red, b ecause he did not wish to receive the usual an'u^afsftprnd °f any of the Dublin papers on the various localities ®^PP7 m our eubsequent Belisario!"after' vtidyke’. BiSgtorp'"”- ^""aa^ayrho^am'S? Chesterfield, earl of Sr 4- ‘^“''“abus. Carter, Thomas M p' shftf ®d “/Kiidare, prospect of rec^at D Thomas.' SercL^ of f- Gardiner, Luke M P nf- Ho™n. |eland.’ Ho^!"^^l^omat:^de?rn®Vor“^^ Tfn’ier,, H William, admiral of the white SinL-lpf Cowley, hon wSnlir?^ W^nfearom- Z -a^ THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. for his support, which is customary under such circumstances, wmch they rewarded him for afterwards, by chusing him into the ofhce ot chamberlain, which he held until his death. At the breaking up ot this manufactory he went and lodged at a public house in West- minster, kept by one Rose, and never stirred out of his apartments for several years. On Rose’s quitting this house, he followed him to the white hart, Bloomsbury, where he remained in the same manner for years, and was at last compelled to leave the house, it being sold at the death of his landlord. His old friend Hall, who now (1793) is very eminent, took him home, from whose house he never moved until turned out by the undertakers. He designed and engraved for booksellers, and prostituted his abilities to a celebrated work (published at this period). As the composition for printing these plates, was a secret only known to Brooks, he made it ms occasional philosopher’s stone, and raised money by subscriptions on popular subjects, the last were heads of the king of Prussia and general Blakeney, but his character became so notorious no one that knew him would have any dealings with him. He left London with a lady and went to Chester, where he had the address to live tree of expence for a considerable time at an inn, under pretence ot being possessed of considerable property, where he was taken ill ; betore his death, he made a will and left the inn-keeper a considerable legacy, with other pretended friends in London. The inn-keeper buried him expensively, and made a journey to London and tound himself deceived, and that Brooks had completed his character, by dying as he lived.” After the departure of Brooks from Dublin, his house on Cork hill was occupied by another engraver named Bord, who changed the former sign of “ sir Isaac Newton’s head” to that of Vandyke’s head.” Michael Bord, son of the Rev. Roger Bord, archdeacon of Derry (1685-1727), and brother of one of the prebendaries of St. Patrick’s cathedral, studied the fine arts under a Dublin painter named Mitchel. ^ While resident here, Bord engraved several plates, and died in another part of the city in the year 1761 : his house on Cork hill was subsequently converted into an auction room. The prints published in Dublin by Brooks and Bord,* many of which we have now before us, are mostly of large size, and will bear honorable comparison with the best works of any engravers of the time: * Engravings published in Dublin by Michael Ford Anson, a^iral. Baldwin, Dr. Richard. Belisarius. Boulter, primate. Boyle, Henry. Boyne, battle of. Boyne, lord. Cobbe, Chas, D D., archbishop of Dublin. Cromwell and Lambert. Cumberland, duke of. Garrick as Richard HI. Kildare, earl of. Marlay, chief justice. Singleton, chief justice. St. George, general Richard. William HI. and Schouberg. THE STREETS OP DUBLIN. mr in general, they excel in softness_, depth, and beauty the pro- ductions of Faber, John Smith, or Yalentine Green, and can scarcely be considered inferior even to the productions of Mac Ardel. Many Irishmen attained to great eminence in the art, of engraving in mezzotinto, which, we may observe, was_^first ? practised in England by Henry Lutirell, a native of Duhlih. shall here affirm,^'’ says an English writer, thatTf" our sister- kingdom had produced such great men, in the other branches of the fine arts, as she has in mezzotinto engraving; she might say to Italy, I too have been the mother of immortal painters.'’^ This, however, it should be added, was written before Ireland could boast of Maclise, Mulready, and Danby. Notwithstanding the impetus which the fine arts have of late received by the establishment amongst us of the government schools of design, and although numbers of presumptuous dilettanti are to be found in our cities, the grossest igno- rance still prevails relative to the history of art in Ireland. Of this, perhaps, no stronger evidence can be given than the state- ment publicly put forward in print, that the first portrait of a lord lieutenamt engraved in Ireland was that of our late vice-roy, the earl of Clarendon : while another writer, apparently ac- quainted with the history of the fine arts on the Continent^ but unmindful of Algarotti’s axiom, that ogni scrittore dee stare nel suo paese,^^ assures us, in an equally dogmatic man- ner, that : “ it was owing to the establishment of the Art union, that a copper-plate printing press was for the first time set up in Dublin.'’^ By similar displays of ignorance of their country's history have the so-called literary classes of Ireland earned for themselves abroad the degrading character of being — accordingto Camden^s paraphrase of Cicero — ^^stran- gers on their own soil and foreigners in their own cities.'’^ T}IE lllISH aUAllTERTA REVIEW. /3S IT.— THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. NO. III. The present Dame-street received its name from the city gate which formerly stood at its western extremity, and was called » k porte sainte Marie la dame,” or Dame’s gate. Close to thisVte was the Theng-mote, where the Scandinavians, in ancient times, used to hold their deliberative a^i^^ Things. These meetings were always held in the open air, an the speakers, although'of the higlmst rank, were obliged o stand while addressing the people, who remained seated around: “ It is a picturesque circumstance, mentioned in the saga of Saint Olaf about the Thing at Upsal in 1018, that Xn Thrognyr, the lagman, rose after the ambassador from Norway had delivered his errand, and the Swedish king had replied^o it, all the bonders, who had been sitting on the erLs before, rose up, and crowded together to hear what the lagman Throgiiyr, was going to say ; and the old lagman, wtosr;hite a^d'silky be^d is stated to have J that it reached his knees when he was f ^f ^d allowed to clanking of their arms and the dm of them feet to subside Sre he began his speech.” From its situation, the pansh of L ancient ctoch of St. Andrew, on the street, acquired the "^me of “ parochia saiioh Andrem de thengmothe,” and near it, in the year 1171, king Henry ii. held his Christmas, with great solemnity, in ^^mporaj palace Iborately constructed of , tnte" English chronicler, “manie the most part of the pnnces of that land resorted and made repaire unto Dublin, to see the Ws court: and when they saw the great abundance of vittek and the noble services, as also the eating of cranes, wlfich they much lothed, being not before there unto, they much wondered and marvelled thereat : but in th end they being by the king’s oomniandement seWowne,^^^^ iTteSk t rifat Mathis Terfod Dublin rivalled London in the extent of’ its commerce, and “ SilShai.*'. ..ori. . J12. 10.. for 1000 pouu.1. ol w„ ; THE STllEETS OF DUBLIN. 49 ^ 1185. 7r/. for 5G9 joounds of almonds sent to the king in Ire- land ; 155. 1 1^^. for five carts bringing tlie clothes of the king’s household from Stafford to Chester^ on their way to that country; £10. 7s, for spices and electuaries for Josephus Medicus^ his majesty^s doctor ; £4. for one ship carrying the armour, &c., of Eobert Poer; £29. O5. 2d. for wine bought at Waterford ; 95. Sd. for the carriage of the king^s treasure from Oxford to Winton ; £333. 65. Sd. to John the marshal, to carry over to the king in Ireland ; and £200 to the king^s chamberlain, to bring to his majesty on returning from that country.^^ The church of St. Andrew in Dame-street, originally annexed tu the dignity of the precentor of St. Patrick's cathedral, was subsequently assigned to the chantePs vicar, and the parish was united to that of St. Werburgh by George Brown, the first Protestant archbishop of Dublin. In the reign of Edward VI., John Eyan, of Dublin, merchant, obtained a lease for twenty-one years of the rectory of St. Andrew the apostle, and also the chapeP* of St. Andrew and the cemetry of said chapel, a certain parcel of land ad- joining the same on the west, and a garden on the north of said chapel, also the tithes of three orchards in the parish of St. Andrew, and fifteen gardens and a dove house in the suburbs of the city of Dublin, for the yearly rent of 24 5. An unpublished remembrance roll of the year 1631, states * George Andrews, dean of Limerick and chaunter of St. Pa- trick’s cathedral, in a bill filed in the exchequer on the 20th June, 1631, for the restoration of this church, states that “the parishioners of the said parish of St. Andrewes are willing and readie to be at greate chardges in reedifyeing, building, and bewtifying of the said parish church.” The statement of this case, which exists in manu- script, concludes as follows; Upon all which pleadings the parties were at full issue, witnesses examined, publicacion hadd and a day ^PPoynted for hearing of the said cause. And the cause being heard and debated by the councell learned on both sides forasmuch as it ap- peared upon the hearing of the said cause as well by the deposicions of divers witnesses as by severall records that aunciently there hath beene a parish called St. Andrewes parish near the walls of the cittie of Dublin and that aunciently there hath beene a church or churchyard or cemitorie within the said parish called St. Andrewes church for that it did appeare by good records that upon the erecting of the deane and chapter of the cathedrall church of St. Patricks Dublin there was a chanter amongst other dignitaries erected and appoynted in the said church to which the said rectorie or church of St. Andrewes was united And for that it did further appeare that after that the possessions of the said church of St. Patricks and of the said deane and chapter came unto / 4 ^ the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. that this church ^Mii the tyrae of the late warrs when the enymy did without controule approch to the^ cittie walls became desolate and soe hath contynued ever since, whereby it hath in a manner lost the name of a church;” and sir William Eyves, the attorney-general, in his official answer to the petition preferred for the restoration of this church to its former uses, asserts that the house which the plaintiff pre- tendeth to be the parish church of St. Andrews, in Damask street, neare Dublin, is as bee thincketh the howse which now is and for many yeares last past hath beene used for a stable for horses for the lords deputies and other cheefe governors of this kingdome or some of them to wffiose lott the same respec- tively fell, and, as hee is informed, is the inheritance of his maiestie. And that the said lords deputies and other cheefe governors of this kingdome have for many yeares last past used and enjoyed the same accordingly under the right and title of his majestie and his noble progenitors.” The lords justices in one of their despatches to the deputy in 1631 inform him that there was a parish church commonly called St. Andrew’s church, situate in Dammes-street in this city, wliich in the former times of disturbance here (by reason of the convenient situation thereof near the castle) was used for a stable for the deputy’s horses, that church is now legally evicted from us in the chancery of his majesty’s court of ex- chequer by the chaunter of the cathedral church of St. Patrick’s, Dublin, to whom it belongs, and an injunction out the crowne by the act of dissolucion. All the possessions which at the time of the said dissolucion did belong unto the said church and to the said deane and chapter, were afterwards by sufficient grant restored unto the said church and graunted unto the severall dignitaries respec- tively in manner and forme as the same was enjoyed by and att tne tyme of the said dissolucion, And for that it did appeare by the office which was taken in the tyme of his late majestic king Edward the sixt after the said dissolucion for the finding out of the possessions of the said church that the said church of St Andrewes did belonge unto tlm chaunter of St. Patricks Dublin And for that the said sir William Byves, knight, his majesties attorney generall could shew noe matenaU cause wherefore the said church should not be restored unto the plaintiff S chaunter of St, Patricks Dublin. It is therefore o-^ed “djudged and decreed by the lord high threasurer, chauncellor, lord cheefe baron and the rest of the court of exchequer that lus majesties hands shalbe removed and the plaintiff restored unto thepossession of the said church and churchyard of St. Andrewes and the precinct thereof. Given at the kings courts, Dublin, the xxth of November, 1031. Richard Bolton. Maurice Eustace.” THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. /u/ -m of that court is directed to me, the chancellor, for delivering up the possession thereof accordingly. It may not therefore be any longer continued in the former use ; so as it will be fit that some of your servants do think of providing you another stable/' In a letter to secretary Coke in 163:3, the lord deputy observes— There is not any stable but a poor mean one, and that made of a decayed church, which is such a prophanation as I am sure his majesty would not allow of; besides there is a decree in the exchequer for restoring it to the parish whence it was taken and in December of the same year, he writes : For the stable to be restored, I have already given order for boundering out the church-yard, will have another built by June next, and then, God willing, turn back to the church all, which the king’s deputies formerly had from it." The church of St. Andrew, however, was not re-edified on its ancient site, on a part of which Castle lane,-^ now Palace street, and the adjoining houses were erected, while the remainder of it was occupied by the castle -market, built by alderman William * Andrew Cumpsty, philomath, compiler of almanacs and astrologi- cal observations “ fitted for the meridian of Dublin;” kept a school at the “ earl of Galway’s arms in Castle-lane,” where he taught “ arith- metick, geometry, trygonometry, astronomy, algebra, guaging, survey, ing, navigation, dyaling, gunnery, fortification, the use of the globes and instruments, &c.” A contemporary manuscript states that Cumpsty, who styled himself master gunner of Ireland,” died on 24th November, 1713, at 1 p.m., and was buried in St. Andrew’s churchyard. The last almanac bearing his name was issued for the year 1714. The “Nag’s head” inn was situated in Castle-lane (1731), and at the “King’s arms” tavern here (1747) James King kept an ordinary at 3 p.m. daily. Castle-market in Dame-street, above mentioned, was sub- sequently removed, as hereafter noticed, and opened in its present locality in 1783. The vestiges of the church of St. Marie la dame were preserved in the name of “ Salutation alley” running parallel with Swan- alley, the latter stood nearly on the site of the present Exchange-court, and took its name from the Swan tavern, which, in a satire published in I 7 O 6 , is described as — “ A modern dome of vast renown, For a plump cook and plumper reck’nings known: Raised high, the fair inviting bird you see. In all his milky plumes, and feather’d lechery ; — Here gravely meet the worthy sons of zeal, To wet their pious clay, and decently to rail: Immortal courage from the claret springs. To censure heroes, and the acts of kings: Young doctors of the gown here shrewdly show How grace divine can ebb, and spleen can flow ; The pious red-coat most devoutly swears. Drinks to the church but ticks on his arrears ; The gentle beau, too, joins in wise debate. Adjusts his cravat, and reforms the state.” In the first years of the eighteenth century a society called the “ Swan THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. I'owncs and Tliomas Pooley, and first opened on the 26lh of July, 1704, by the lord mayor with proclamation and beat oi In ancient times the only edifice in the south part of Dame - street was St. Andrew's church, while on the other side the sole building was the monastery of St. Augustin, nearly all the oTOund north of which was covered by the influx of the Ditiey. At the foot of Dame's gate was a small harbour where John Alan, archbishop of Dublin, embarked in 1534, when he fled by night to escape from the power of Thomas litz-Derald, surnamed the silken knight, wdio was then beleaguering t le city. The dissolution of the Augustinian monastery at the reior- raation having removed the obstacle to the extension of the town i in that direction, the lands of the institution became the pro- ■ perty of private individuals — as sir Maurice Eustace and sir John Crowe— whose residences here were subsequently demo- lished, and their sites converted ; retain their names. t ^ Sir Christopher Wandesford, or de Wandesforde, appointed master of the rolls in Ireland by Charles I., bought either the whole right, or a long lease of a very elegant house in Dame-street, Dublin, situate conveniently for the discharge ot his high offices. It was in a very wholesome air, with a good triiDC club” used to assemble here; its principal members were Dr. Francis Higgins, prebendary of Christ’s church, a political clergyman, who, in 1712, was tried and acquitted on a chaise of Joeing a disloyal subject and a disturber of the public peace, T>r. Edward orth, in our paper on Werbiirgh-street, archdeacon Perceval, and two lawyer*, named Echlin and Nutley, both of whom were subsequently promoted to the bench. The Swan tripe club was presented by the Dublin grand iurv in 1705 as “ a seditious and unlawful assembly or club, set up and "continued at the Swan tavern, and otlmr places in this to ereate misunderstandings between Protestants, &c., and that contra } to several votes of parliament in this kingdom ; of the 25th of May, 1705, which tended to promote the interest of the pretended prince of Wales, and to instill dangerous principles into the youth of this king- ^"“■’Ltemporary letter on the presentment signed Richard Lock contains the following remarks on this subject : Ivow, ^ ^ believe that most gentlemen have met in companies at the ou an, and other taverns in town one time or other ; but that ever any seditious or unlawful assembly or club, as above mentioned, met these or other places, is what I never saw or knew of. And ore par- ticularly for those gents that I liave usually kept company with (who, generally speaking, for quality and learning, are equal to the best in the kingdom, several of them being members both of the house ot THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. orchard and garden leading down to the waterside^ where might be seen the ships from the Eing’s-end coming from any part of the kingdom from England, Scotland, or any other country, before they went up to the bridge."’^ He also built the rolls-office at his own cost, a stately brick building of three stories, and in it a large room for a safe repository of the rolls, he prepared boxes, and presses of new oak, with partitions answering every king^s reign, and year of our lord. In this building he fitted up a handsome chamber for the secretary and clerks of the ofiice, and other convenient room for the dispatch of business. He set up a table of fees for every one’s inspection, and a table of penalties of the transgressors of those orders annexed.’’ Wandesford, early distinguished for his knowledge of the English laws, acted as one of the eight managers of the im- peachment of the duke of Buckingham: in 1633 he de- clined the office of ambassador to the court of Spain, and in the same year accompanied his friend, the lord deputy Wentworth, to Ireland. Three years after, he received the honor of knighthood, and was appointed lord justice, after which he retired to his estate in Kildare, and completed his book of instructions to his son, which bears date 5tli October, 1636. This estate in Kildare he subsequently sold to Strafford, commons, and the lower house of convocation), I do declare, upon the faith of a Christian, that in all the meetings that we had, they were as unconcerned in the matters contained in that presentment, as any gen- tlemen whatsoever.” There was a large number of gambling houses in Swan-alley, frequented by sharpers and gamesters. In 1762 George Hendrick, alias “Crazy Crow,” porter to several of the bands of musicians in town, and one of the most eccentric of the Dublin low-life characters of his day, dropped dead in this alley. He had been arrested in 1742 on an accusation of having stolen bodies from St. Andrew’s churchyard ; a large and spirited full length etching, representing him laden with musical instruments, appeared in 1754, and was sold through town by himself. This print bears the following inscription : With look ferocious, and with beer replete, See crazy Crow beneath his minstrel weight, His voice as frightful as great Etna’s roar. Which spreads its horrors to the distant shore. Equally hideous with his well known face Murders each ear— till whiskey makes it cease.” Notwithstanding the incessant efforts of the lord mayors to reform the abuses in Swan-alley, by seizing on the stamps, as the gambling tables were called, and burning them in public, the locality continued to retain a deservedly infamous character until its final demolition, preparatory to the erection of the royal Exchange. -am THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. and purchased Idough, in Kilkenny, the ancient inheritance of the clan of C’Brenan, where he established a cotton factory and founded a colliery. In 1610 Wandesford became lord deputy of Ireland, and received from Charles I. the titles of baron Mowbray of Musters, and viscount Castlecomer. His death, which took place on 3 December, 1640, was believed to have been caused by grief at the treatment of his beloved friend, the earl of Strafford, to whom he had been ardently attached from the days of his childhood, and who, on hearing of Wandesford’s death, exclaimed, in tears, — I attest the eternal God, that the death of my cousin Wandesforde more affects me than the prospect of my own : for in him is lost the richest magazine of learning, wisdom, and piety, that these times could boast V’ Wandesford^s government had given such general satisfaction, that, at his interment, the Irish raised their peculiar lamentations, a signal honor paid to him as the common father of the kingdom.” The title of viscount Castlecomer became extinct in 1784 by the death of John Wandesford, and the family estates devolved to his only daughter, Anne, who had married John Butler of Carryricken, to whom the earldom of Ormond was restored in 1791. On a portion of the ancient glebe of St. Andrew^s parish, on the north side of the street, sir George Wentworth, in the reign of Charles I., expended six hundred pounds in erecting a dwelling house. This glebe, extending along Dame-street seventy feet, and from north to south ninety-eight feet, in 1670 came into the possession of sir Alexander Bench, and was subsequently obtained by sir John Cqghill,* whose name is still preserved in a court on the north side of the street. * He was master in chancery, and died in 1699; his son Marmaduke, L.L.D., judge of the prerogative court, chancellor of the exchequer and member for the University of Dublin, died unmarried in 1738, his niece, Hester, became countess of Charleville, and dying without issue, be- queathed her property to her cousin, John Cramer, who assumed tiie name of Coghill, and was created a baronet in 1778. His son, sir Josiali, attained to the rank of vice-admiral, and married the eldest daugliter of chief justice Bushe, and their son is the present representative of the family, Ja'meFCaf son '¥e^ his printing-office in CoghiU’s-court in tlie reign of George I., he was an excellent typographer, and in one of his publications we find an engraving of his own arms : “Argent, a chevron gules between three crescents, or.” In 17*25 he commenced publishing a Saturday ncAvspaner, the first number of wliich, noAv before us, con- sists of four pages* small folio, printed in double columns, with the following title, surmounted on eitlier side with the harp and crown and the city arms : “ The Dublin Weekly Journal, Saturday, April 3, 17*25.’* THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. In Dame-street was an edifice called Crow^s-nest/^ where the survey of the forfeited lands, A.D. 1655 - 1656 , and their subsequent distribution were carried on under the superin- tendence of Dr. William Petty, in conjunction with whom Vincent Gookin and major Miles Symmer, persons of known integrity and judgment,^^ were appointed commissioners. The entire weight of the arduous task, however, fell upon Dr. Petty, who tells us that his life in Crow’s-nest was little better than incarceration, for the daily directing of neer fourty clerks and calculators, cutting out work for all of them, and giving answers as well to impertinent as pertinent ques- tions, did lye chiefly upon the doctor.” The lots for the forfeited lands appear to have been drawn by children out of hats, and disputes were perpetually occurring relative to the profitable and barren tracts assigned to the various claimants. Many curious traditions,'' says Crofton Croker, are current in Ireland respecting the manner in which Elizabethan and Cromwellian grants have been obtained from their soldiers by This paper, principally edited by Dr. James Arbuckle, whose con- tributions to it have been reprinted in two volumes as “ Hibernicus’s letters,” was the only Irish journal of its day which contained original articles, two of which were supposed, by sir Walter Scott, to have been written by Swift. The publisher, known in Dublin as the “facetious Jemmy Carson,” wrote a volume of “ Miscellanies” of a not very credita- ble character, and died on Temple-bar in 1767. An assembly room built in Coghill’s-court about the year 1760, was frequently used for exhibitions. A collection of animals exhibited therein 1763, included a camel, a porcu- pine, “ a flying dragon from Ispahan,” and a snake twelve feet long. On the same side of the street stands Crampton-court, which was originally the station of the horse-guard of the city, for which, as we find from a manuscript document in our possession, government, in the reign of Charles II., paid John Crow, esq., an annual rent of £110. The court received its present name from having become the property of Philip Crampton, a wealthy booksell er, noticed in another part of this! paper, who continued toTreside herie for many years after he had retired I from business. In 1755 his brethren of the corporation of stationers I presented alderman Crampton with a large silver cup as an acknow- 1 ledginent of the honor done them by his vigilance as sheriff, in sup- pressing gambling-houses and ball-yards in the city ; at this period the j' office of sheriff was by no means a sinecure as in consequence of tlie^ riots in Dublin it was found necessary for the protection of the citizens I to post guards of horse and foot in various parts of the town and suburbs. I Crampton was elected lord mayor in 1758, and he died in Grafton-st.' ^ in 1792, aged ninety six years, having long been the “father of the! city.” Crampton-court, from its proximity to the old custom-house, ' early became frequented by the merchants ; commercial auctions were generally held here, and several notaries and insurance companies kept their offices in the court. The celebrated Luke White, bookseller and THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. the native Irish. An estate in the south of Ireland, at present worth a thousand a year, was risked by a trooper to whose lot it fell, upon the turn up of a card, and is now commonly called the ^ trump acres.' And an adjoining estate of nearly the same value was sold by his comrade to the winner for ^ five jacobuses (five pounds) and a white horse.' A singular story is also told of a considerable property having been pur- chased for a silver tobacco stopper and a broad sword." Dr. Petty's* diligence was such, that when upon some loud representations, the commissioners of the forfeited lands in Ireland would refer to him, the stating of all that had passed, which seemed to require a week's work, he would bring all clearly stated the next morning to their admiration." Ho^y he contrived to fulfil the multifarious duties of the various government appointments which he held, is explained by his habit of retiring early to his lodgings, where his supper was only a handfull of raisins and a piece of bread. He would bid one of his darks, who wrote a fair hand, go to sleep ; and while he eat his raisins and walked about, he would dictate to the other dark, who was a ready man at short hand, ^¥hen this was fitted to his mind, the other was roused, and set to work, and he went to bed, so that next morning all was ready." auctioneer, resided at no. 18 from 1776 to 1782, and Thomas Armitage, a publisher also, dwelt here in the reign of George III. At the same pCTiod two of the most frequented coffee-houses m Dublin w^e located in Crampton-court ; the “little Dublin coffee-lmuse at no. 20, and the “ Exchange coffee-house,” kept in 1766 by J ohn Hill, and subsequently by Clement White. The building of the Exchange produced no effect on the commercial character of this locality ; “ long after its erection, nie^- chants were obliged to transact their wholesale business in Crampon- court, where samples were exhibited and commodities purchased. Here the crowd was sometimes so great, and the space so confined aiid un- wholesome, that it was deemed expedient to adopt some other niode and ■nlace Accordingly, some of the most respectable merchants opened a Lbscription to erect a building as near the centre of the city Possible Shares of £50 each were issued, and m a short time were up to the number of 400. The ground on which the thP^hnlldin^ Crown-alley stood was taken in College-green, and in D 96 the buddm^ was commenced by Mr. Parks, the architect In three years it w^^^ coranleted and opened for the transaction of business m me erection of the commercial buildings having deprived of its mercantile frequenters, it became tenantea makers, who have, of late years, gradually migrated to other parts of *''• Se7 the “ Survey of Ireland, A.B. 1653-6," Irish Quarterly Eeyie’w, No. V., pp. 217» 248. /4 7 THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. G raw!s-iiest ^^ was afterwards occupied by the Dublin Philo- sophical Society, Avhich was founded in 1683 by John Locke’s friend, A¥illiam Molyneux, and comprised nearly all the distinguished men in science and literature then in Ireland. In a letter of the 10th of May, 1684, William Molyneux writes from Dublin to his brother Thomas at Leyden : " Our society goes on, we have a fair room in ‘ Crow’s-nest,’ which now belongs to one Wetherel, an apothecary, where we have a fair garden for plants and on the 14th of June he says — Our society has built a laboratory by Dr. Mullen’s directions, in the same house where we have taken a large room for our meeting, and a small repository.” The early meeting of the society had been held at the provost’s lodgings ; and the original rules were drawn up by Dr. Narcissus Marsh, after- wards primate of all Ireland, sir W. Petty, Dr. Willoughby, and William Molyneux. The latter writing to his bro- ther at the end of the first year, tells him : “ Our society has been complimented in the philosophical acts, as you. will find by the paper Mr. Ashe will send you, wherein for curious subjects (invented by our learned and ingenious provost) I think we may vie with any Oxford ever had, and truly most of the poems and speeches thereon were excellent. Thus, Tom, you see that learning begins to peep out amongst us. The tidings, that our name is in the journals of Amsterdam, was very pleasing to me, and really, without vanity, I think our city and nation may be herein something beholding to us, for I believe the name Dublin has hardly ever before been printed or heard of amongst foreigners on a learned account.” Thomas Molyneux, to whom this letter was addressed, subsequently rose to the highest eminence as a physician and a scholar. The most interesting notice of the origin of this society has, however, been left by its distinguished founder, William Molyneux : About October, 1683, I began to busy myself in forming a society in this citty agreeable to the designe of the royal Society of London. I should not be so vain as to arrogate this to myself, were there not many of the gentlemen at present listed in that society, who can testify for me, that I was the first promoter of it ; and can wit- ness, how diligent I was therein. The first I applyd to, and com- municated my designe, was the present (1694) provost of the college, Dr. St. George Ashe ; who presently approved of the undertaking, and assisted hartily in the first efforts we made in the work. 1 first brought together about half a dozen, that mett weekly THE IIIISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. in a private room of a coifee house on Cork hill; meerly to discourse of philosophy, mathematicks, and other polite literature, as things arose obiter, without any settled rules or forms. But our company increasing, we were invited by the rev. Dr. Huntington, then pro- vost of the college, to meet in his lodgings. And there we began first to form ourselves in January 1683-4 ; and took on us the name of the Dpfcjla- Choosing for our first president sir William Petty ; and for their farther incouragement, confirmation and set- tlement, 1 took on me to be their secretary, and managed their correspondence, diary, and register. The presidents since that time have been, the rt honorable the lord viscount Mountjoy,the rthonble Francis Robartes ; and at present the rt honble sir Cyril Wich, one of the lords justices of Ireland, who appointed to preside in his absence vice presidents. Dr. St. George Ashe, provost of the college, and William Molyneux, who writes this. The secretarys after me were. Dr. St. George Ashe, Mr. Edward Smith, and at present Dr. Charles Willoughby, M.D., and Mr. Owen Lloyd, senior fellow of the college. After we were pretty well established by our meetings in Dr. Huntington’s lodgings (where we made statutes, rules, and ord-Grs to procood W6 took rooms and othor convGiiiGncys for our meetings in an house in Dames-street,* _c^lled Crow’s-nest : where we continued till' thd'froubles^^^^ government * Robert Bligh, founder of the family of Darnley, resided in Dame- street in the reign of Charles II. He was originally a salter m London, and having invested a sum of money in purchasing the interests of ad- venturers his lots fell in the county of Meath. After the restoration he was elected member of parliament for Athboy, and in 1663 he became one J nnmmissioners for examining, stating and auditing the arrears of THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. (which destroyed all other good things) dispersed us, till about a year ago (1693) we began again to revive our meetings in the lodgings of the present provost of the college. Dr. St. George Ashe.” Although we possess but meagre and imperfect accounts of this body^’s proceedings in the early part of the eighteenth century, it would seem to have had some influence on the formation of the present Dublin Society ; the first meeting of At the “seven stars,” in Dame-street, opposite the Castle market, a newspaper was published in 1726, by Richard Dickson and E. Needham, with the following title: “ The Dublin Intelligence, or weekly gazette, containing the most material occurrences, both foreign and domestick.” Joseph Tudor, a distinguished painter, who received several premiums from the Dublin society for his landscapes, resided in Dame-street, op- posite Eownes’s-street, for many years before his death in 1759. A contemporary tells us that it was owing to him that “this metropolis can boast of the glorious produce of artists, excelling any other of its extent, not only adorning itself, but illustrious in other cities more populous, and heretofore more remarkable for studies of this nature.” m ^Du blin ^'^ which were excellenth ished with' inscriptions irT'Erencr en- graven ny a, w aiKer, ana publisliea with' mscfiptions in French and jEngli sh. In 1 746 Madden’s premium of five pounds for the best drawings pe^rihed in 1745, by any boy or girl under fifteen years old, was ad- judged to “ miss Jenny Tudor, for her drawings in black and white, after Raphael and Titian.” Among the other distinguished residents in Dame-street, were Dr. Bartholomew Mosse (1743), founder of the lying- in hospital; John Roeque (1754), the eminent surveyor and designer of maps; Kitty Clive (1763), the celebrated actress; Dr. Arne, the com- poser (1776), at no. 40; sir Boyle Roche (1783); and Dr. William Drennan, the united Irishman, author of the song — “ When Erin first rose from the dark swelling flood,” Abraham Lionel Jenkins, M.D., author of various treatises on the na- tural history of Ireland, resided in Dame-street in 1772. His acquire- ments are commemorated as follows by a contemporary : “ Lionel Jenkins, Abraham by name, Is long register’d in the rolls of fame; O’er warlike Gallia’s wide-extended plains, He militated many long campaigns: Then quit the standard of the stout brigade. And gave attention to Apollo’s trade ; Much knowledge by close application gain’d. And has been often with a fee retain’d. He knows botanic vegetables all. From th’ humble hyssop that springs from the wall, To lofty cedar s uncorrupted wood. Which long on shady Lebanon hath stood. Shew him but half a leaf, he’ll name the plant. And on its virtues medical descant.” James Manly, jeweller, and an extensive dealer in pinchbeck manufac- tures, dwelt at the sign of the “ eagle,” no. 82, in this street, in the last century. He was a noted maker of walking-canes of every description, especially of those clubs used by the bucks in their nightly exploits, and THE IiaSlI QUARTERLY REVIEW. which was held on the 25th June, 1731, in the “ philosoiihical rooms” in Trinity-college, as appears from the following report, now for the first time published : 25th June, 1731 : Present .-—Judge Ward. Sir Th. Molyneux. Th. Upton, esqr. John Prat, esqr. Rich Warburton, esq. Kev Dr Whitcomb. Arthur Dobs, esq. Dr Magnaten. Dr Madden. DrLehunte. Mr Walton. Mr Prior. Mr Maple. Several gentlemen haveing agreed to meet in the Philosophical rooms in Trin. col. Dub., an order to promote improvements of ail kinds, and Dr. Stephens being desired took the chair. was pro- posed and unanimously agreed unto, to form a of the Dublin society f or improving other useful arTTU was proposed and resolved, that all the pie- sent, and all such who should become members^ of the society, shall subscribe their names to a paper containing their agreement to form a socTety for the purposes Xesaid. Ordered, that a committee of all the members present do meet next Thursday in the rooms in Trin. col. Dublin, to consider of a plan oi rules for the government of the society, any three whereof to be a ^ that notice be sent to the members in town, the day before the time of meeting. The society adjourned to this day fortnight. The Dublin Society, thus founded, continued for many years to meet either in the University or in the parliament-house, and in addition to earnest and continued eftorts lor the “ A pilTfor a puppy,” &c. Manly’s disposing of his goods by clured metal, keiton, a^ester and a butt ;_Jemmy Moffat, the most knowing sportsman of the neighbourhood ; and two other sporting gentlemen of the county —Composed the permanent bacchanalians. A few visitors were 'i^ccasion'Llly admitfed. As for myself, I was too unseasoned to e -0 through more than the first ordeal, which was on a frosty bt. Stelihen’s dfy, when the ‘ hard goers ’ partook of their opening ban- qXand se/eral neighbours were invited, to honour the commence, ment of what they called their ‘ shd-up pilgrimage. The old huntsman was the mily male attendant ; and his ancient spouse, once a kitchen maid in the family, now ““ewhat resembling the amiaWe Leonarda in Gil Bias, was the cook ; whilst the djudgcry fell to the lot of the whipper-in. A long knife was prepared to cut collops from the cZ fa large turf Ire seemed to court the gridiron ; the not bubbled up as if proud of its contents, whilst plump -vv hit chickens floated in crowds upon the surface of the water ; the sim- mering potatoes, just bursting their drab surtouts, exposed th delicate^whiteness of their mealy bosoins ; the claret was tapped, and the long earthen wide-mouthed pitchers stood gaping under the tmlltieni fock, to receive their portions The pyers plied their chLts • the fiddler tuned his Cremona ; and never did any feast com- mence with more auspicious appearances of I shalT ne^ annearances which were not doomed to be falsified, i shall neve forget the attraction this novelty had for my y^^^lX'^oblitti- thoughts but those of good cheer were for the time totally obliter ated.^ A few curses were, it is true, requisite to spur on lieonardas skill, but at length the banquet entered: bacon, bedded on its cabbage mattress, and partly obscured b) it THR STREETS OF DUBLIN. own savoury steam, might have tempted the most fastidious of epi- cures ; whilst the round trussed chickens, ranged by the half dozen on hot pewter dishes, turned up their white plump merry thoughts exciting equally the eye and appetite : fat collops from the hanging cow, sliced indiscriminately from her tenderest points, grilled over the clear embers upon a shining gridiron, half drowned in their own luscious juices, and garnished with little pyra- mids of congenial shalots, smoked at the bottom of the well- furnished board. A prologue of cherry bounce (brandy) preceded the entertainment, which was enlivened by hobnobs, and joyous toasts. Numerous toasts, in fact, as was customary in those days, intervened to prolong and give zest to the repast — every man shouted forth his favourite, or convivial pledge ; and each voluntarily surrendered a portion of his own reason, in bumpers to the beauty of his neighbour’s toast. The pipers jerked from their bags appropriate planxties to every jolly sentiment : the jokers cracked the usual jests and ribaldry; one songster chanted the joys of wine and women : another gave, in full glee, the pleasures of the fox- chase : the fiddler sawed his merriest jigs ; the old huntsman sounded his horn and thrusting his fore-finger into his ear (to aid the quaver), the view halloa ! of nearly ten minutes’ duration ; to which melody tally ho ! was responded by every stentorian voice, A fox’s brush stuck into a candlestick, in the centre of the table, was wor- shipped as a divinity ! Claret flowed— bumpers were multiplied— and chickens, in the garb of spicy spitchcocks, assumed the name of devils to whet the appetites which it was impossible to conquer ! My reason gradually began to lighten me of its burden, and in its last efforts kindly suggested the straw-chamber as my asylum. Two couple of favourite hounds had been introduced to share in the joyous pastime of their friends and master ; and the deep bass of their throats, excited by the shrillness of the huntsman’s tenor, harmonised by two rattling pipers, a jigging fiddler, and twelve voices, in twelve different keys, all bellowing in one continuous unrelenting chime — was the last point of recognition which Bacchus permitted me to exercise : for my eyes began to perceive a much larger company than the room actually contained ; — the lights were more than doubled, without any virtual increase of their number j and even the chairs and tables commenced dancing a series of minuets before me. A faint tally ho was attempted by my reluctant lips ; but I believe the effort was unsuccessful, and I very soon lost, in the straw-room, all that brilliant consciousness of existence, in the possession of which the morning had found me so happy. J ust as I was closing my eyes to a twelve-hours’ slumber, I distinguished the general roar of ^ stole away /’ which rose almost up to the very roof of old Quin’s cottage. At noon, next day a scene of a different nature was exhibited. 1 found, on waking, two associates by my side, in as perfect insensibility as that from which I had just aroused. Our piper seemed indubitably dead ! but the fiddler, who had the privilege of age and blindness, had taken a hearty nap, and seemed as much alive as ever. The room of banquet had been re-arranged by the old woman ; spitchcocked chickens, fried rashers, and broiled mar- row bones appeared struggling for precedence. The clean cloth the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. f7^ looked, itself, fresh and exciting ; jugs of mulled and buttered claret foamed hot upon the refurnished table, and a better or heartier breakfast I never in my life enjoyed. A few members of the jovial crew had remained all night at their posts ; but I suppose alternately took some rest, as they seemed not at all affected by their repletion. Soap and hot water restored at once their spirits and their persons ; and it was determined that the rooms should he ventilated and cleared out for a cockfight, to pass time till the approach of dinner. In this battle-royal, every man backed his own bird; twelve of which courageous animals were set down together to fight it out~the sur- vivor to gain all. In point of principle, the battle of the Horatii and Curiatii was re-acted ; and in about an hour, one cock crowed out his triumph over the mangled body of his last opponent ; being himself, strange to say, but little wounded. The other eleven lay dead ; and to the victor was unanimously voted a writ of ease, with sole monarchy over the hen-roost for the remainder of his days; and I remember him, for many years the proud commandant of his poultry-yard and seraglio.—Fresh visitors were introduced each successive day, and the seventh morning had arisen before the least broke up. As that day advanced, the cow was proclaimed to have furnished her full quantum of good dishes ; the claret was upon its stoop ; and the last gallon, mulled with a pound of spices, was drunk in tumblers to the next merry meeting ! All now retired to their natural rest, until the evening announced a different scene. An early supper, to be partaken of by all the young folks, of both sexes, in the neighbourhood, was provided in the dwelling-house, to termi- nate the festivities. A dance, as usual, wound up the entertainment ; and what was then termed a ‘raking pot of tea,’ put a finishing stroke, in jollity and good humour, to such a revel as I never saw before, and I am sure, shall never see again.” Gambling, duelling, and drinking were not, however, the only obnoxious characteristics of the fashionable gentlemen of this time ; impiety and profaneness were carried to an excess, which would appear almost incredible to the present genera- tion. Noblemen and commoners of the highest rank, moving in the first circles in both kingdoms, were to be found enrolled among the members either of the Hell-fire club,^’ or the Trinity or Holy Ghost boys f the charter toasts of the for- ^rere — the Devil,'" and ‘'damnation to us all while the latter awarded premiums to the fabricators of the most blasphemous sentiments. Of the other extraordinary associa- tions in Dublin at this time, the “ Cherokee club " claims precedence, no less from the peculiarity of its constitution, than from the temporay sensation which its proceedings created in the metropolis.* *“ To the surprise and terror of civil society, the disgrace of common sense, and in the defiance of common and statute law, a set of young THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. Uncivilized and anomalous as the state of society thus exhibited may appear to us^ it must be recollected that the manners of past generations are not to be estimated by the advanced civilization and morality of our own time ; nor are men, fashionables of fortune, in Dublin, have lately,” says a writer in 1792, “ formed themselves into a hostile corps, which they call the Cherokee squadron ; the uniform is scarlet lined with yellow, and edged with black ; they meet once a week at a noted tavern to a sumptuous dinner, and each member having loaded himself with four bottles of claret, and primed with a large bumper of cherry-brandy, they proceed to the business of the institution. But before we enter into the details of its several purposes, it is necessary to state the qualifications which are indisputable to admission ; and on this we pledge ourselves, notwith- standing the incredulity which we suspect will attend our British reader, to be perfectly authentic, and to set down nought in malice. To become a member of the Cherokee club of Dublin, it is first necessary that the candidate should have carried off and debauched a maid, a wife, and a widow, or an indefinite number of each. Secondly, that he should have fought three duels ; in one of which, at least, he must either have wounded, or have been wounded by his antagonist. Thirdly, he must at some one time of his life, have drunk six bottles of claret after dinner, in half pint bumpers, and given a new Cyprian toast with each bumper. Fourthly, to arrive at the honour of the president’s chair, it is absolutely requisite that the member should have killed, at least, one man in a duel, or a waiter in a violent passion. Fifthly, that no religious distinc- tions should disturb the tranquillity of the several meetings, it is absolutely necessary that the members in general should disavow every theological knowledge. Sixthly, each candidate must be so good a marksman, as to split a bullet discharged from an ordinary pistol on the edge of a case knife, three times in five, at the distance of nine feet. Seventhly, each candidate must be an expert fencer. Eighthly, each can- didate must have either won or lost the sum of one thousand pounds at one sitting, at the game of hazard. Ninthly, each candidate must be proposed by a brother in full meeting, and proper evidence given of his qualifications. Tenthly, he must take an oath before admission to support the interests of the society by every possible means, and at risk of life and fortune. Each man, having drunk his quantum, as before mentioned, the first question proposed is, what places of public amuse- ment are open for the evening, and that being determined, the question of annoyance is proposed, whether the attack shall commence with cat- calls, which they call the war-whoop, or with whistlings, which is termed the wood-whoop ; or whether by direct assault or surprize ; and this question being also disposed of, they all examine their sword-canes, and sally forth for action. Although there is much bravery in their attacks, they cannot boast of much gallantry ; for they charge indis- criminately both men and women, who are unlucky enough to fall in their way. When they enter the play-house, or Rotunda, and set up the war-whoop, the women, in general, response through terror, and nothing is heard or seen but screams and faintings ; the candles are all knocked out, and darkness follows — Several actions have been already commenced in the courts of justice, against individuals of this new institution; but as they are sworn to have but one purse upon such occasions, there is but little hope of retribution. The Che- THE IRISH aUARTERLY REVIEW. we to conclude that the Irish gentry of the last century were more improvident or dissolute than the upper classes of other European states. To attempt a description of the licentious- ness and profanity of the old noblesse of France, would justly expose the writer to the charges which weigh so heavily against the chronicler of the vices of the Csesars, and the no less culpable expositors of libidinous classic authors of antiquity. The state of Dublin in the last century was by no means worse than that of London, which is described by the English moralist as : — the needy villain’s general home. The common sewer of Paris and of Rome ; With eager thirst, by folly or by fate. Sucks in the dregs of each corrupted state.” Prepare for death, if here at night you roam. And sign your will, before you sup from home. Some fiery fop, with new commission vain. Who sleeps on brambles till he kills his man ; Some frolick drunkard, reeling from a feast. Provokes a broil, and stabs you for a jest. * * * # In vain, these dangers past, your doors you close, And hope the balmy blessings of repose ; Cruel with guilt, and daring with despair. The midnight murd’rer bursts the faithless bar ; Invades the sacred hour of silent rest. And leaves, unseen,, a dagger in your breast : Scarce can our fields, such crowds at Tyburn die. With hemp the gallows and the fleet supply.” rokees, and the policemen, have had several close and desperate battles; but the latter are always defeated. ^ No lives, however, have yet been lost, though several on both sides have been sadly wounded. Such is the general dread of this new military corps, that the citizens actually go armed after dusk, and the whole town appears like a garrison in fear of assault from a foreign power,” In May, 1792, we are told, that “ the Cherokee club in Dublin, a society of young men, who agree to drink six bottles each after dinner, and to appear in public places in an uniform of red and blue, have committed such excesses in the Rotunda, which has been open for the benefit of a charitable insti- tution, that it is now shut up. One of the rules of this society is, that if any member is seen sober after dinner, he shall be fined thirty pounds for the first offence, fifty pounds for the second, and for the third shall be expelled. A club is forming in Dublin by a number of young gentle- men, who though not of the first fashion, are high in blood, and affluent in circumstances. They are to be called Mohawks ; and without any thought of determined hostility, a resolute alienation from the practices of the Cherokces forms a fundamental principle of their association.” THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ■tsr- The extent to which immorality, profligacy and irreligioii prevailed in England amongst both sexes, of the highest classes, can scarcely be credited by any who are not conversant with the scandalous chronicles of the time. Gambling attained to such a height shortly previous to the American war, that five thousand pounds were known to have been staked on a single card at Earo. Horace Walpole, although he caricatured the gamblers at White's club, won, at a single sitting, sufficient to defray a year’s expenditure at Strawberry-hill ; and Charles James Eox sat on one occasion at cards for twenty -two hours, losing at the rate of five hundred pounds per hour. Johnson, who is regarded as the personification of morality, argued in favor of duelling, and was occasionally seen at taverns in not very reputable company ; while his participation in the mid- night freaks of some wild young men, made David Garrick fear that he should be called on to bail the old philosopher out of the round-house. It was a common practice in Eng- land, at this period, for duellists, armed both with swords and pistols, to meet without seconds ; and outrages in the streets of London, were almost unchecked by the insufficient police force. The proceedings of the Hell-fire’' and Holy Ghost’' clubs of Dublin, were far excelled in infamy by the orgies of the London Dilettanti club, and by the blasphemous obscen- ities of the brotherhood of Medmenham abbey, who, according . to one of the fraternity, were but dull dogs after all ; daring without any imagination, and profligate without any wit." Dr. Warburton, speaking of one of the chief members of this English club, declared that the blackest fiends in Hell would not keep company with him when he should arrive there.'’ Although irreligion, gambling, and debauchery pre- vailed to a certain extent here in the last century, it is certain that Ireland produced neither Brownriggs nor Metyards, and her people were free from the dark and loathsome vices, which, however unnoticed by modern writers, were practised to a fearful extent even amongst the higher classes in England, and have left an indelible stigma upon the generations which were stained by those crimes, — crimes, which, according to the contemporary English poet : — truly to unfold Would make the best blood in my veins run cold. And strike all manhood dead, which but to name Would call up in my cheeks the marks of shame ; - 5 ^ THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Sins, if such sins can be, which shut out grace, Which for the guilty, leave no hope no place E’en in God’s mercy.” — We thus see that England, in the last century, was disgraced by the most atrocious vices ; while the crimes of France, according to philosophic writers, called from heaven a fearful retribution in the horrors of the French revolution. The authors who have of late years treated of Ireland in the last century, are deserving of the severest reprehension for the false impression which their works tend to excite in the minds of the unreflecting and ill-informed. Those superficial writers, ignorant of the condition of other European states,* have gravely censured the men of the eighteenth century for not having been so civilized and refined as the people of our own day ; and while they have raked together all the monstrosities and disgusting peculiarities of shoe-blacks, drunkards and malefactors, we vainly seek in their works for notices of those illustrious Irishmen, who gave their own country a place among nations, founded a school of statesmen in England, won for Great Britain her Indian empire, and, with their blood, cemented the foundations of the great American republic. “'With respect to drinking,” says an English traveller in 1778, ‘^I have been happily disappointed , the bottle is circulated freely, but not , to that excess we have heard it was, and I of course dreaded to find. Common sense is resuming her empire ; the practise of cramming guests is already exploded, and that of gorging them is daily losing ground. Wherever I have yet been, I was always desired to do just as I would chuse ; nay, I have been at some tables, where the practise of drinking healths, at dinner, was entirely laid aside. Let the custom originate whence it may, it is now unnecessary ; in many C 9 ,ses it is unseasonable, and in all superfluous. The tables of the first fashion are covered just as in London ; I can see scarcely any difference, unless it be that there is more variety here. W ell bred people, of different countries, approach much nearer to each other in their manners, than those who have not seen the world. _ This^ is visible in the living of the merchants of London and Dublin ; with these, you never see a stinted dinner, at two o’clock, v/ith a glass of port after it ; but you find a table, not only plentifully, but luxu- riously spread, with choice of wines, both at dinner, and after it ; and, which gives the highest zest to the _entertainment,_ your host receives you with such an appearance of liberality, and indeed ur- banity, as is very pleasing. Here, they betray no attention to the * Analogous observations, as applied to the more ancient eras of Irish history, will be found in the essay on the “ Celtic Records of Ireland,* Xrish Quarterly Review, Vol. I, GH, THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. counter, discover no sombrous gloom of computation, but display an open frankness and social vivacity of spirit. I have been more than once entertained with a history of the good fellowship of this coun- try, by persons who look back with horror on the scenes of their youth ; when there was no resisting the torrent of fashion. They tell you that a large goblet called a ‘ constable,’ used to be placed upon the table in terrorem, which he who flinched his glass was obliged to drink. They have recounted with rueful countenances, what ^ constables ’ have been swallowed, what doors have been locked, what imprisonments have been endured, before they were finished, i. e. sent away like fleckered darkness, reeling before the sun’s path, and Titan’s burning wheels.’’ Another English writer, of the same period, makes the following observations on the drinking of claret, of which enormous quantities were annually consumed in Dublin before the Union ; — “ Their wine is chiefly claret, the best of which, that the town produces, may be had at 2s. Qd. the bottle— the common price is two shillings — and to those who are accustomed to a claret of a greater body, it will soon become very pleasant, and the most agree- able palated wine, he will meet with in Ireland, ’Tis light, whole- some, and easy of digestion. You will think it rather of the marvellous, but it is no less true, that a middling drinker here will carry off his four bottles without being the least apparently disor- dered. A man is looked upon, indeed, as nothing with his bottle here, that can’t take off his gallon cooly. I believe it may be said with a great deal of truth, that the Irish drink the most of any of his majesty’s subjects with the least injury. ’Tis hardly possible, indeed, to make an Irishman, that can in any sense be called a drinker, thoroughly drunk with his claret ; by that time he has discharged his five or six bottles, he will get a little flashy, perhaps, and you may drink him to eternity he’ll not be much more. One very favourable circumstance for the drinker, custom has here established, their glasses are very small : the largest of these in common use, will not hold more, I believe, than about one-third of a gill, or quartern. This is an excellent custom in favour of the moderate drinker ; for many a one of this class, I make no doubt, would be more intoxicated with three half-pint glasses, than he would be by three times three half pints drank in very small quantities at a time. But let my countryman be cautious of making comparisons relative to his wine ; be careful not to call your claret, at any private gentle- man’s house, what yet it generally very justly deserves to be called, a pretty wine, or even a very pretty wine. For though a very com- mon expression in England for good wines, yet the terms are not sufficiently expressive or emphatical for an Irishman, who, before you are aware of it, or apprehensive of having given any offence, will very probably descant away and explain upon the meaning of your expression, in a manner that will, perhaps, disconcert you, or, at best, give you but a very unfavourable opinion of the temper and THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. / 7 ^ 334 - understanding of your host. For conscious of the inferiority of his claret to that of London, if he has ever known the difference, he will be iealous of every expression that has but even a distant appear- ance of being comparative. — The above caution is the result of my own experience in the country ; and as it may eventually be a very useful one, I have introduced it.” A tourist, writing in 1780, tells us: There is a very good society in Dublin in a parliament winter a great round of dinners, and parties ; and balls and suppers every night in the week, some of which are very elegant, but you almost everywhere meet a company much too numerous tor the size of the apartments. They have two assemblies on the plan ot those of London, in Eishamble street, and at the Eotunda ; and two gentlemen's clubs, Anthing's and Daly’s, regulated : I heard some anecdotes of deep play at the latter, though never to the excess common in London." JN early halt * The other taverns Dame street were the ‘‘Duke’s hea^^^ by noblemen in the reign of James II ; the _ White tat, (1714) ,t “Crown and punch bowl, kept by John Finlay (^^58), the Sun ale house ” kept by Lewis, frequented by gamblers and bad characte s men , the“ Half-moon ale house,” kept by William Rutledge, who died in 1762; the “Still,” a noted usquebaugh shop ( 1767 ) kept by Sarah Wren opposite the Castle market; the Robin hood (1731-L70), opposite ^Coghill’s court, kept by Owen Sullivan ; iSfkenny started from this inn, and a political club called the Robin Hood society,” opposed to the government, held its meetings here in the Sriy part of the reign of George III. ; in one of the songs of this body, we find the following verses » Our toasts are Will Pitt, honest Bernard the cit, Next, the good colonel Dunn shall go round, sirs. Who gave up his all, at his country’s call. The like of him scarce can be found, sirs ; Then Lucas the brave. That foe to the slave. Who the wicked ones still will be troubling ; Those tyrants in furs Shan’t treat us like curs. While Charley sits member for Dublin. To these, and such others, dear liberty’s friends. We toasts are successively drinking ; The minutes beguiling, we re smoking, and joking At those who sit pensively thinking. Silence, Robin Hoods all. Let us open the ball, , i. Says the president, prithee, good lellow. Let us sing a song round. Thus our joys shall abound. Till potent sir John, makes us mellow. With the exceptions of Daly’s, above noticed, tlie most important taXrn in Dame street was the “ Rose and bottle ” m which were held rmsVthe meetings of the “Sportsman’s club,” which arranged the ^acesat the Curragh and subscribed for plates to bred horses. This tavern was the meeting-place of the Ro^e club, a political body connected with the early agitation of Lucas, and here THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ■ 179 «S5r the land of Ireland is said to have changed owners at Daly^s, and tradition has preserved several marvellous tales of the reckless character of the frequenters of this gambling house. The fashionable gentlemen of Dublin at this period were gene- rally styled bucks such were buck Whaley/' buck Jones,” buck Lawless,” and ^^buck English;’^ the latter was long remembered for the humane disposition which he evinced on one occasion, by throwing a quantity of hot half- crowns to a number of importunate mendicants. An Irish authoress of the last century, intimately conversant with the arcana of the fashionable world of Dublin in her own day, has left us the following characteristic anecdote of this fire-eating buck : — One night at Daly’s hell, buck English, that sanguinary hero, happened to fall fast asleep, when a thought came into the heads of some gentlemen engaged at silver hazard, to frighten the buck at his wits, and accordingly, without the smallest noise, had the fire removed, and all the candles extinguished, after which they began to make a horrid racket with the dice, ‘ seven or eleven,’ — ^ seven’s the main,’ — By G — , sir, that’s not fair,’ — ‘ I appeal to the groom porter.’ ‘Rascal Davenport, what did Lawler throw ?’ — ‘You lie, you lie, you villain,’ — d — your body, take that.’ Then swords were drawn, and a dreadful clashing, and uproar ensued ; all the while the dice rattling away. In the midst of this tremendous din, the buck awoke frightened out of his wits, fearing the Almighty to punish him for his murderous deeds, had struck him blind, and fall- ing his knees, for the first time since his arrival to manhood, began to ejaculate in the most devout manner, all the prayers he could recollect, not omitting his old ‘Ave Maria,’ for the buck was reared a good Roman Catholic ; and in this lamentable situation he was removed quite in the dark, to a bed prepared for him in the house, where he remained in inconceivable agony, being certain he had lost his sight. A little before daylight, he was visited by most of his companions, who were determined to carry the joke a little farther ; they pretended it was noon day, began to condole with him also used to assemble the “ True blue club of Kilmain,” county Mayo : the “ Boyne society,’’ and the members of the “ Ouzel galley,” on political occasions ( 1758 ). The oflGlcers who had served in America gave dinners here ( 1763 ), and the house was the general resort of the gentle- men of the county of Louth. We find no trace of the “Rose and bottle” after the death of its landlord, Maurice Fenian, in 1773 . During the lottery mania , at the close of the las;^century, the following lottery * offices, were located inT5ime Jt^etTTimotKy Turaef^s^Dub^ ! office,’’ No. 86; Edmund Bray and Co’s. “ City state lottery office,” No. 19 , within three doors of Great George’s street, and exactly opposite Eustace street : Walker’s “ Old lottery office,” No. 10 ; “Government state lottery office,” No. 59 , near Crow street ; R. Webb’s “ Old lottery office,” No. 10 ; Andrew Carr’s “Royal Exchange lottery office,” 71 ,. Dame street, corner of Eustace street. THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. on his misfortune, and recommended Mr. Rouviere the celebrated oculist to him ; having no doubt but his ability would restore him to his sight. The buck was assisted to dress by some of the servants (still in the dark), all the time bemoaning his misfortune, and pro- mising that if heaven would be pleased to work a miracle in his favour, to immediately seclude himself from the world, and pass the remainder of his days in a convent in France : But as soon as Sol’s gladsome rays had convinced him of the trick played on him, he started ,* (forgetting all his sanctity), and full of sentiments of revenge he jumped from his chair, with the firm determination to blow poor Peter Davenport’s (the groom porter) brains out, and to call Lawler, D — y, O’Brien, Charley S — 1, Jack Prat, major B — r. Jack Leary, buck Lawless, and a number of other dupes and black- legs to a severe account ; in fact nothing but blood and slaughter was to be dealt around ; however, by all accounts the matter ended with poor Davenport’s being knocked down and kicked by the buck.” The lords and gentlemen who constituted Daly^s club, considering their house in Dame street not sufficiently magnificent, entered into subscriptions for erecting a more sumptuous edifice ; the list was closed at the latter end of 1788, and ^ building of the new house on College- green. commenced 1789. tw o y ears after wliich it was opened for the reception of the members. So late as the middle of the last century, the widest part of Dame street, which was from Crane lane to Eustace street, did not exceed forty feet in breadth ; from the corner of George^s lane, the street gradually narrowed to the entrance to College- green, and the intermediate portion was about twenty-five feet wide. The street, being principally inhabited by mercers, booksellers, jewellers, and other shopkeepers, was frequently rendered impassable to pedestrians from the vast concourse of carriages with which, before the Union, it was usually thronged. The first attempt at its improvement was i^de in n 67 by the re- moval of Swan alley. Salutation alley, and other old buildings at the Western extremity, preparatory to the erection of the Ex- change. In 17 7 7, five thousand pounds were granted to the com- ■ missioners appointed by act of parliament for making wide and convenient passages throught the city of Dublin, to widen that part of the approach from the castle to the parliament house, between the castle gate and George'^s lane ; the old castle market was consequently removed, and the new build- ings were erected on a portion of its site. A portion of the loan, on credit of the coal duties, amounting to <£21,500, was granted in 1790, to be applied to the widening of Dame THE STEEETS OF DUBLIN. street, the commissioners were empowered to borrow£100,000, ; at an interest not exceeding four per cent,. An act of parliament required that all the houses to be built or | newly fronted, between Trinity street and Church lane i should be thrown back in a line with the ^^new buildings^^ i on the south of .Dame street ; a similar uniformity was ordered I to be observed in all new houses between Eustace street and Par- | liament street. The non-observance of this statute subjected | offenders to a fine of £200, and the sheriffs were empowered i to prostrate any buildings which exceeded the prescribed 1 bounds. The erection of the Commercial buildings on the | north side of Dame street, added still further to the improve- ment and embellishment of the locality. The last alterations were made by the wide-street commissioners about twenty years ago ; the total expense of the improvements amounted to £206,646 ; 3 : 0, of which £83,116 : 18 : 6 were paid by the sale of ground in the line of the street. The ground on which Parliament- street now stands was, as we stated in a former paper, anciently covered with various buildings, of which the principal was the residence of chief baron Bysse. The passage from Essex bridge to the castle was either through a narrow lane, running parallel with Crane lane, or through the Blind quay,^^ now Exchange street. The old Custom house stood on the Eastern side of the bridge, and in its vicinity were several taverns, as the Globe coffee- house/^ the Cocoa-tree’^ coffee-house, under which Thomas Whitehouse, a bookseller (1726), kept his shop; and the Anne and Grecian, a suite of rooms in a house at the foot of the bridge, where books were frequently sold in the even- ings by auction, and in which the committees of the Dublin Society used, in its early years, to meet for deciding on pre- miums. The importance of these establishments was, how- ever, totally eclipsed by a chop-house, known as the Old soPs hole,^'’ which stood in a recess between the bridge and the Custom house, and had from the first years of the eighteenth century maintained the reputation of being the best house in Dublin for ale and beef-steaks. The facetious Dr. Sheridan wrote a ballad on the SoPs hole and its attractions were com- memorated both in Latin and English by an Oxford writer, from whose work we take the following lines, in which allusion is made to the statue of George I., originally placed on Essex bridge, and thence transferred to the garden of the mayoralty- house : — THE HUSH QUAUTEHLY REVIEW. “ Near the bridge, wher ’ ' ’ ' ' ’ ’ -ch r ides , liooldng down tli^rbugn ana marKing tne tiaes Near the dome, where great publica'hs nieet once a'day To collect royal imposts, and stop their own pay ; Far within a recess, a large cavern was made. Which to Plenty is sacred, the place of grilliade : Here the goddess supplies a succession of steaks. To mechanicks and lordlings, old saints and young rakes ; Here carnivorous kerns find a present relief. And the Britons with glee recognize their own beef.” Thretford, master of the Sot^s hole/^ was a man of con- siderable humour, and one of his peculiarities consisted in always steadfastly maintaining the principle of not giving great even to the best company.'’^ After his death, in 174 * 2 , the character of the house was sustained by his succes- sor, Glasny Mahon, until the removal of it and the adjacent buildings was planned within its own walls, as related by Gorges Edmond Howard* ; — “In the year 1757? dining one day with the late Mr. Bristow, then one of the commissioners of the revenue, and others, shortly after Essex-bridge had been finished, at the then noted chop-house called Sots-hole adjoining thereto, in the passage leading from the bridge to Essex-street, and lamenting the narrowness and irregu- larity of that passage, and being told that some of the houses there had been presented as nuisances, it was conceived that I should instantly apply to, and treat with the proprietors for a sufficient number of feet in depth to the front, so that the new houses to be built might range in a line with the walls of the bridge, and having succeeded, Mr. Bristow advanced the money, which he got from parliament afterwards, and I drew up the heads of a bill, to widen not only that passage, but also all other narrow passages in the city which needed it ; which having been passed into a law, I was ap- pointed the sole conductor and manager thereof, under the commis- sioners thereby appointed ; and, accordingly, the present grand passage to the seat of government was made, and parts of Essex and Dame streets were widened. But while I was proceeding on this business, and the time had come for the several inhabitants to remove from their houses, some who were lodgers or room-keepers * Howard was an attorney in Dublin who had accumulated a large fortune by his profession ; not satisfied with the reputation acquired from his several works on legal subjects, he desired to shine as a poet, and wrote a quantity of plays and verses which would form an admirable supplement to the “Art of sinking in poetry.” Notwithstanding the perpetual failure of his productions, he continued publishing to the last, and his vanity subjected him to the attacks of the Dublin wits, many of whom^ according to himself, were the “Judas-like guests at his own table.’ THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. / ^3 only, and had not by the act a moment to continue their posses^ sion, after the money adjudged to their landlords had been paid to them, and the deeds of conveyance executed by them, having con- ceived that they had a right to continue their possession six months after, and this having come to my knowledge on a Saturday, and that no less than fourteen bills for injunctions would be on the file before the Tuesday following, when the work was to begin, and knowing well the prodigious delays such suits would produce, I immediately directed the undertaker 1 had employed, to have as many workmen and labourers as he could get (as numbers had been engaged) ready with ladders and other tools and instruments, on a moment’s warn- ing, but with as much secresy as possible, to unroof the several houses of those who were to file those bills ; and, accordingly, a great number of them began some hours before it was day, and by eight o’clock in the morning, the slates were totally stripped off, and several of the inhabitants, men, women, and children, had run directly from their beds into the streets ; some of them, in their fright, conceiving (it being the war time) that the city had been taken by storm ; whereupon, instead of injunctions, bills of indict- ment were talked of ; but I heard no more of the matter, save that, for some time, it afforded excellent sport to the city.” In 1762 parliament granted £12,000 to purchase the interest of the proprietors of those houses. A sum of £13,2861. 8s. 4d. was subsequently allocated to complete the improvements, under the superintendence of the commission- ers appointed for making wide and convenient passages from Essex- bridge to the castle ” and the new street received the nTOe,piParhamept^^^^^ At the sign of “ Mercury,^^ on the western side of the street, within four doors of Essex-street, was the shop of James Hoey, a young Eoman Catholic bookseller and pub- lisher, whose newspaper called the Mercury'’^ became the organ of the Irish government during the viceroyalty of lord Townshend, from 1767 to 1772. The Mercury was pub- lished thrice a week, and in it were inserted all the govern- ment notices and proclamations. Its principal political con- * In Parliament-street, at the sign of the “King’s arms,” was the shop of David Hay, king’s bookseller and printer, from 1771 to 1784, when he was succeeded by the Griersons. At the corner of Parliament- street, about 1779, was the station of Thady O’Shaugh- nessy, one of the wittiest shoe-blacks in Dublin, and who, says an admirer, “will throw out more flowers of rhetoric in the true vein of laconic abuse, in one hour, than counsellor Plausible will do in a twelvemonth at the Four courts. To be sure, the latter has the art of patching up his raillery with a kind of extraneous speciosity, and tricking it out in a sumptuous suit of refined decoration ; while the former sends his a-packing just as it came. He took little pains in its propagation, and the devil a morsel will he take in its growth.” THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. tributors were Eichard Marlay,* dean of Perns, Eobert Jephson j the rev. Mr. Simcox, appointed in 1772 rector of Pecullen, and captain John Courtenay, subsequently a com- missioner of the English treasury. Townshend, delighting in amusement and conviviality, spent much of his time in the company of these writers, whose wit, learning and bon- hommie exactly suited his taste. This connection formed the subject of a vast number of satirical verses, of which the following may serve as a specimen : — “ A master of horse, dean, rector and captain. Political junto together are wrapt in : * Dean Marlay, described by his opponents as “ A white wigg’d abbe full of gibes and of sneers,” became bishop of Waterford in 1795; he was father-in-law to Henry Grattan and one of the Irish prelates who voted against the Union. Robert Jephson, esteemed one of the most brilliant wits of his day, was born in Ireland in 1736, and having entered the army, he early attained to the rank of captain in the seventy-third regiment of foot, after the reduction of which in 1763 he was placed upon half pay, and became the intimate friend and associate of William Gerard Hamilton, Johnson, Garrick, Burke, and Goldsmith. In 1767 he married the. daughter of sir Edward Barry, an eminent Irish physician, and returned to Ireland as master of horse to Lord Townshend. This situation, previously regarded as temporary, he retained under twelve successive chief governors. Although accused of sacrificing everything to satire and mirth, whence he was called the “mortal Momus,” he occasionally laid aside his raillery. When lord Townshend’s character, after his depar- ture, was assailed in the house of commons, J ephson defended him with vigor and ability ; he also displayed great eloquence and talent in his speech in favor of the relaxation of the Popery laws in 1774. In addition to his political writings, Jephson composed several successful dramatic pieces and wrote a poem, entitled “ Roman portraits.” His death took place in 1803. Jephson, says lord Cloncurry, “ lived at the Blackrock, in a house which still remains, nearly opposite Maretimo, and was, for a consider- able period, the ^laried poet laureate of the viceregal court. He lost place and pensidn~by an untimely exercise of his wit,'l^en dining one day at my father’s house. The dinner was given to the lord lieutenant, the marquis of Buckingham, who happened to observe, in an unlucky mirror, the reflection of Jephson in the act of mimicking himself. He im- mediately discharged him from the laureateship.” The same author also writes as follows of Jephson’s nephew ; “Nor can I forget the most brilliant, even of that circle which included Curran, Grattan and Lattin — the rev. Robert Jephson. He, truly, was the life of our society, until the splendour of his preaching and conversation so dazzled primate Stewart, that he removed him from among us to the valuable living of Mullagh- brack, near Armagh. It was his grace’s hope that those talents would do good service in resisting an inroad of Methodism, which then threatened to lay waste his flock ; but poor Jephson, like the soldier described by Horace, no sooner found himself in possession of a rone, than he withdrew from the war.” THE STREETS OP DUBLIN^ A poet the dean ; and a toper the rector ; A buffoon, the horse-rider j the captain a Hector* This poet and toper, this bully and jester, Our city with lies and scurrility pester. While the rector and captain are jovially quaffing, The dean and the master of horse keep them laughing* The buffoon coins the joke, and the rhymer indites it j The rector commands, and the hack captain writes it : And then Popish Mercury serves as a jet d*eau. To play off the slanders of this vile quartette ; Who, the best, in the malice of sport, thus bespatter, With ironical nonsense and inmudent satire. For Marlay and Simcox, and Courtenay and Jephson, His favors in private our governor heaps on. Every night, in the hopes of preferment, to him flocks I'his set ; Marlay, Jephson, and Courtenay and Simcox, And Simcox, and Marlay, and Jephson and Courtenay, For wine and a supper, the old tower resort nigh ; Where our resident viceroy holds scandalous parley, With Courtenay and Jephson, and Simcox and Marlay. Sure Satan alone could such mischievous hounds send. At the friends of poor Ireland to bark, for lord Townshend 1” A series of well-written papers, entitled the Bachelor,'^ signed "Jeoffry Wagstaffe/^ was commenced in the‘'^Mer* cury,^^ and perpetual vollies of satires and epigrams were discharged against Dr. Lucas and the “ committee for con» ducting the free press,"'’ as the editors of the opposition journal styled themselves. The latter, enraged at being called a Puritan committee,"" declared that the writers in the Mercury^" were a knot of Jesuits employed by Hoey, a Popish printer, to subvert the state ; and added that the sign of Hermes, the flying thief, was sufiiciently typical of the principles of the paper. This contest was maintained with a great deal of wit and talent on both sides. Paulkner and Howard, as we shall see, fell victims to the ridicule of Jephson, and the Mercury"" incurred the censure of Wesley, while in Dublin, for having published a letter in 1767, reflecting on the love feasts of the Methodists, in which the latter were styled "sanctified devils, cursed gospel gossips, scoundrels, and canting hypocritical villains."" Hoey continued to reside in Parliament-street for many years after the departure of his patron, lord Townshend. He died in 1782, and in 1792 his relative, Elizabeth Hoey, was married at Bordeaux to Charles Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury, uncle to the peer who at present enjoys that ancient title. 2 N THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. On the 31st of May, 1764, the Dublin Society resolved unanimously that ^Hhe establishing of a public warehouse in the city of Dublin, under proper regulations, for the sale of silken goods manufactured in Ireland, deserves to be encouraged by this Society;” and alderman Benjamin Geale, Mr.Eobert Jaffray, Mr. Travers Hartley, Mr. Thomas Hickey, and Mr. Edmund Eeilly, were appointed to carry the design into execution, in conjunc- tion with the corporation of weavers. A house in Parliament- street was accordingly taken, and fitted up for the disposal of silks by wholesale and retail, and the Society paid the manu- facturers a per centage premium on all goods sold in the Hibernian silk warehouse.” This house was opened on the 11th of Eebruary, 1765, the principal ladies of rank and for- tune in Dublin attended on the occasion, and made consider- able purchases. The silk manufacture consequently received a great impetus ; and the sales effected in the warehouse fre- quently exceeded three hundred pounds per day. In acknow- ledgment for the interest taken in the matter by the vice- roy, the weavers presented him with the freedom of their corpo- ration ; lady Townshend also received an address of thanks and a gold box from the same body. The Dublin Society having agreed, in 1767*, that it would be a great encourage- ment of the silk manufacture if patronesses of the w^arehouses were appointed, resolved to choose annually fifteen ladies who had been encouragers of the undertaking, and the following were the first who were elected : the duchess of Leinster, lady Louisa Conolly, lady Betty Ponsonby, lady Bell Monck, lady dowager Kildare, lady Drogheda, lady Shannon, lady dowager Jocelyn, lady Dungannon, lady Clanwilliam, lady Arabella Denny, lady Ann Dawson, lady Brandon, Mrs. Clements, and Mrs. Tisdall. In October of the same year lady Townshend accepted the office of presiding patroness. The standing and popular toasts among the weavers for a considerable period after this, w^ere — the silk manufacture of Ireland, and prosperity to the Irish silk warehouse. The duchess of Leinster, and the rest of the fifteen ladies, patron- esses of the Irish silk warehouse, and may their patriotic example induce the ladies of Ireland to wear their own manu- factures.” With these were coupled the healths of lord Arran, Thomas Le Hunte, Eedmoud Morres, dean Brocas, and dean Barrington, the directors of the warehouse. The success of the undertaking induced parliament to pass an act, decreeing THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. /g-? that, from the 1st of August, 1780, the wages and prices for work of the journeymen silk-weavers within the city of Dublin and the adjacent liberties, for the distance of two miles and a half round from the castle of Dublin, should be regulated, settled and declared by the Dublin Society, who were autho- rized and empowered from time to time, upon application being made to them for that purpose, to settle, regulate, order, and declare the wages and prices of work of the journeymen silk-weavers working within those limits. Offenders who transgressed their directions were subjected to a penalty of £50, payable to the master of the corporation of weavers, to be applied by him towards the support of the school for the education of children of poor manufacturers in Dublin. The silk manufacture continued to thrive in our city until its progress was arrested by an act of parliament couched in the following strange terms : Whereas, the estab- lishment of the silk warehouse in the city of Dublin, by the Dublin Society, has not answered the ends of a general encrease and extension of the manufacture, and the money necessary for maintaining the same, may be more beneficially applied in other ways, to the encouragement of the said manufacture : be it therefore enacted by the authority aforesaid, That no part of the funds of the said Society, shall at any time after the twenty- fifth of March, 1786, be applied to, or be expended in the support of any house, for selling, by wholesale and retail, any silk manufacture whatsoever.” This decree gave an irreparable blow to the manufacture, W'hich declined with rapidity, and large numbers of artizans were thus reduced to poverty and ruin. At the corner of Essex-street and Parliament-street stands a house erected in the last century by George Eaulkner, a character so important in his own day, and so intimately con- nected with the literary history of Dublin, that a notice of hiS career, of which no detailed account is accessible, can scarcely fail to interest the reader. George Eaulkner, the son of a respectable Dublin victualler, was born in 1699, and after having received the rudiments of education from Dr. Lloyd, the most eminent schoolmaster of his day in Ireland, he was apprenticed to Thomas Hume, a printer, iirEssex-street. Eaulkner’s diligence and attention procured him the favor of old Hume, whose daughter, one of the prettiest girls on the South of the Liffy, also exhibited a THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. partiality for the young typographer. Unlike IlogartVs in- dustrious apprentice, he was not, however, destined to wed his masters daughter ; miss Hume rejected his suit, and many years after, Uaulkner, on learning that his former mistress was reduced to great distress, generously allowed her a pension for the remainder of her life. His apprenticeship having expired, he, in conjunction with James Hoey, opened a bookselling and printing establishment at the corner of Christ church-lane, in Skinner' s-row, where, in 1724, he commenced a newspaper called the Dublin Journal" After the death of John Harding,* printer of the Drapier's letters," Swift requiring a publisher, sent for the proprietor of the Dublin J ournal," * The details of the prosecutions of Harding and his wife will be found in the first paper of this series, Irish Quarterly Review, No. V, 18. Faulkner’s journal was originally published twice a week, and sold for one halfpenny ; in 1768 he began to issue it on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. In an heroic polyglot poem, addressed to the printer, and styled “ sive Origo Faulkneriana, or the birth of Faulkner,” we find the following description of the news-boys who vended the journal, and were called “ crying evils” from the discordant noise they made while pursuing their avocation : “ T<5 kXovos yaerec rvTrrst h Trokv vif^tv ; tKtm ©g<|*, T£ 7rt(p^iKvix “ Sed quis fragor impulit aures ? Turbidus unde virum fluxus ? nempe ista caterva Nuda pedes, et nigra manus. atque horrida villis, Multiforisque togis, rubrse custodia portae, Infracta sed voce canens miracula rerum, Mavortisque minas, pugnasque cruore rubentes, Te regem tortoque auro variabit et ostro Ardenti.” But what sudden din Assaults mine ears ? this inundation whence ? That bare-foot band of centinels, who crowd Thy rubric portal, sable handed guards. Bristling with horrent brush of upright hairs. And parti-colour’d robes, a-gape with rents Wide, discontinuous, of unbroken voice Incessant, roaring monster brooding news. Rumours, and horrid wars, and battles, dire With bloody deeds, their monarch shall array Distinct with tortile gold and purple pride.” Faulkner was frequently imposed on by wags who sent him circumstan- tial acounts of deaths, marriages, and robberies which had never taken place, thus causing, according to him, “much confusion, grief, and dis- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. and was waited upon by James Hoey : ” when the dean asked, * if he was a printer ?' Mr. Hoey answered, ^ he was an apology for one the dean, piqued at the freedom of this answer, asked further, ^ where he lived?" he replied, ‘facing the Tholsel;’ the dean then turned from Mr. Hoey and bid him send his partner. Mr. Paulkner accordingly waited on the dean, and being asked the same questions, answered ‘he was;" also, ‘ that he lived opposite to the Tholsel ‘ then," said the dean, ‘you are the man T want," and from that time commenced his friend."" Swift was not, however, always so well pleased with raulkner"s conduct : “When George Faulkner, the printer, returned from London, where he had been soliciting subscriptions for his edition of the dean’s works, he went to pay his respects to him, drest in a laced waistcoat, a bag-wig, and other fopperies. Swift received him with all the ceremony that he would show to a perfect stranger. « Pray, sir, what are your commands with me ?’ 'I thought it my duty to wait on you immediately on my return from London.’ ‘ Pray, sir, who are you ?’ ‘ George Faulkner the printer.’ ^ You George Faulkner the printer ! why, thou art the most impudent, barefaced impostor I ever heard of. George Faulkner is a sober, sedate citizen, and would never trick himself out in lace, and other fop- peries. Get about your business, and thank your stars that I do not send you to the house of correction.’ Poor George hobbled away as fast as he could, and having changed his apparel, returned immediately to the deanery. Swift, on seeing him, went up to him with great cordiality, shook him familiarly by the hand, saying, my good friend, George, I am heartily glad to see you safe returned. Here was an impudent fellow in a laced waistcoat, who would fain have passed for you ; but I soon sent him packing with a flea in his ear.” Having dissolved partnership with Hoey, Faulkner removed to Essex-street, where his paper and the connection with Swift soon brought him into repute. The dean, in a letter to alderman Barber in 1735, describes Faulkner as the “printer traction in many families.” An anecdote related by Jephson, in imita- tion of Faulkner, together with the extract at p. 555, will give an idea of the style of the Journal : “ A gentleman came to his shop whom he had put amongst the deaths in his Journal the day before, and was much enraged to find himself dead, as it occasioned some confusion by those who were in his debt coming to demand what was due to them, where- upon the author hereof acted in this manner. Sir, said I, ’tis impossible for me to tell whether you be alive or dead, but I’m sure I gave you a very good character in my Journal. The gentleman was so pleased with the repartee, that he laid out thirteen shillings and fourpence halfpenny before he left my former shop in Essex-street. ” THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. most iu vogue and a great undertaker, perhaps too great a one.” An accidental injury received during a tour to London, rendered the amputation of one of his legs neces- sary, and his wooden limb subsequently became an object of ridicule among the Dublin wits, who styled him a man with one leg in the grave, and scoffed at hjs wooden understand- ing while the more classical punsters amused themselves by calling him or the '' oaken-footed Elzevir.” In 1735 Eaulkner published a small pamphlet, written by Dr. Josiah Hort, bishop of Kilmore, entitled A new proposal for the better regulation and improvement of the game of quadrille,” which, containing some oblique reflections on the character of sergeant Bettesworth, the latter represented it to the house of commons as a breach of privilege, and the printer was conse- quently committed to ^Newgate. After a confinement of a few days he was set at liberty, and each of the ofiicers accepted a copy of the new edition of Swift’s works in lieu of the fees to which they were entitled; for, as sir Walter Scott informs us, ''he was the first who had the honor of giving to the world a collected and uniform edition of the works of this distinguished English classic.” Eaulkner gained considerably by this pro- secution ; his shop became the rendezvous of the chief literary and political characters of the day, and, encouraged by their patronage, he undertook the publication of the " Ancient Uni- versal History,” which he succeeded in completing in a most creditable manner, notwithstanding the opposition which he received from a party of booksellers in Dublin, and from the London publishers, who at this period made an unsuccessful attempt to crush the printing trade in Ireland. The " Uni- versal History,” completed in 1741, in seven folio volumes, was the largest work published up to that time in Ireland, and its typography and illustrations will bear honorable comparison with the productions of the contemporary English and Conti- nental presses. Lord Chesterfield, during his viceroyalty (1745 to 1746), contracted an intimacy with Eaulkner, and it was reported that important personages were often detained in the ante-rooms of the castle while the printer was retailing amusing stories to the lord lieutenant, whom sir Charles Hanbury Williams designated “ A little monkey full of tricks. More fond of puns than politicks.” At this period tlie publislier is said to have prudently de- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. '9f dined the offer of knighthood from Chesterfield, much to the chagrin of the would-be lady Paulkner. A young parson named Stevens happening to dine with the bookseller on a day when this important question was argued, composed a poem on the subject, which was published anonymously in 1746, with the title of Chivalrie no trifle — or the knight and his lady : a tale.^^ In this composition Mrs. Taulkner is described as enjoying the pleasures of her coach in anticipation : — “ Methinks to the Ring, or the Strand, as 1 roll ; I hear some people cry — oh ! that fortunate soul ! While pthers i n nod dy a^three-pence a head, _ As they jog to Rathfarnham will fret themselves dead ! If we alter our route — and strike olf to Glasnevin ; Where your Sunday cits walk, on a scheme to be saving ; Those days are all over, with me, I thank God ! I look sharp for the dean on each side of the road ; Dean Delany,* your servant, sir George, I am yours ! That’s a pretty conveyance you ride in — ‘ ’tis ours The dean stands aghast 1 as indeed well he may — Then cries, with a smile, ‘ ’tis a mighty fine day !’ While I know in his soul, like the rest of his brothers, He hates to see laymen swing-swang upon leathers. Then I laugh in my turn, give the side glass a push up ! An so I would, faith, were his deanship a bishop. Go which way you will, we must meet with our own. That cursed newspaper has made us so known ! Ev’ry stockingless boy, as he bathes at Clantalf, At sight of the chariot, must set up his laugh ! And swears to his comrogues, he but yesterday paid you Two thirteens for the journals — which journals have made you, Let them say what they will ! Give me once but my coach ; I’ll despise inuendos, — and smile at reproach.” * Dr. Patrick Delany, dean of Down, lived at Delville, Glasnevin. The above poem, which extends only to seven pages, concludes as follows ; “ at the word up she rose In a fury not easy to tell but in prose ; Come down, all ye Muses, by pairs or by dozens. Bring with you your families, nieces and cousins, Tune, tune up your lyres, to describe, if you can. How the bustle was ended,— and how it began ! Tell the town, for I can’t, how she took up a sword ; And as she chose to speak, made him write word for word ! Sing, sing away, girls, sing away for your lives— Or old maids ye shall die, all — and never be wives ! Pr’ythee tell us the whole, how the supper was spoil’d ; How Arbuckle look’d pale — how sir George near ran wild ; How he wrote to Phil Stanhope, his word to make right good. And send him immediately orders for knighthood ; How the letter was seal’d, when the letter was carry’d. How the knight often curs'd the sad day he was marry’d ! How impatient my lady still waits the reply ; For a lady she swears she must live, and will die !” THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Although Chesterfield, in what appears to be a vein of grave irony, compared the printer to Atticus, and in another epistle assured him that his character was clearly defined by the ^'pietate gravem ac meritis virum” of Yirgil, he admitted that much of his own popularity in Ireland was owing to the advice received from the publisher of the Dublin Journal.'' To the last years of his life the earl maintained a correspondence with Eauikner, perpetually professing the highest esteem for his 'Svorthy friend;" when the latter visited London, where he displayed the utmost prodigality in the magnificence of his entertainments, Chesterfield never failed to solicit his company for some days, and complained seriously when the bookseller left England without dining at his house. In one of his letters in 1752, he urged Eauikner to undertake some literary work to transmit his name to posterity, after the example of the Aldi, Stephani, and other eminent printers, adding, *^You have, moreover, one advantage, which the greatest of your typographical predecessors had not. They were never perso^ nally acquainted with Horace, Virgil, Cicero, and others, whose pro- duction they brought to light, but were obliged to exhibit them in the always imperfect, often deformed, state in which they found them, in ragged and worm-.eaten vellum and parchment. Whereas you have been always at the fountain-head ; you have not only printed and read, but you have heard Swift, Berkeley, and all the best authors of the Irish Augustan age. You have conversed with, you have been informed, and, to my knowledge, consulted, by them. Should you ask me, my friend, what sort of work I would particu- larly point out to you, I can only answer, consult your genius, which will best direct you ; if it does not lead you, or rather hurry you, whether you will or not, into poetry, do not attempt verse, but take the more common manner of writing, which is prose. Cicero him- self had better have done so. A Typographia Hibernica, which no man in the kingdom is more capable of doing well than yourself, would be a useful work, and becoming your character. I do not recommend to you any ludicrous performances ; they must flow na- turally, or they are good for nothing ; and though, were it only by your long and amicable collision with Sheridan, Helany, Swift, and others, you must be very strongly impregnated with particles of wit and humour, yet I take your natural turn to be grave and philoso- phical. A collection of Anas would admit of all subjects, and in a volume of Swiftiana, you might both give and take a sample of your- self by slipping in some Favrlkneriana ; the success of which would, I am persuaded, engage you to go further. Biography should, in my mind, be your next step, for which you appear to be thoroughly qualified, by the clear and impartial accounts w^hich your hebdoma- dal labours give of the death of all people of note. History would §oon follow, which, in truth, you have been writing these many THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. years, though, perhaps, without thinking so. What is history but a collection of facts and dates ? Your Journal is a collection of facts and dates. Then what is your Journal but history ? Our friend, the chief baron (Bowes), with whom I have often talked upon this subject, has always agreed with me that, in the fitness of things, it was necessary you should be an author ; and 1 am very sure that, if you consult him, he will join with me in exhorting you to set about it forthwith. Whenever you assume that character, I claim a very strong dedication with the first copy of the work, as an old friend, which, joking apart, I sincerely am.” Thus incited, Taulkner projected the publication of a work entitled ‘^Yitruvius Hibernicus,^^ containing the plans, ele- vations, and sections of the most regular and elegant build- ings, both public and private, in the kingdom of Ireland, with variety of new designs, in large folio plates, engraven on copper by the best hands, and drawn either from the build- ings themselves, or the original designs of the architect, in the same size, paper, and manner of Vitruvius Brittannicus.'” This book was to be printed on Irish paper, with descriptions of the buildings in Latin, Trench, and English ; the plates were to be entirely executed by Irish artists, and the propo- sals state that, ^^we have now (1753) as good engravers in Dublin at this time as any in Paris or London."’"’ It is much to be regretted that this work was not executed, as it would have filled a great blank in our local history. With the ex- ception of having been assaulted, during the political excite- ment of 1753, for inserting in his journal a paragraph stating that modern patriotism consisted in eating, drinking, and quarrelling,’^"^ Eaulkner’s career of prosperity continued un- interrupted for many years. He was one of the early mem- bers of the royal Dublin Society, and enjoyed the familiarity of the most distinguished men of his day who constantly fre- quented his house, the hospitalities of which have been com- * For this assertion, reflecting on the partizans of the earl of Kildare, he was severly castigated in a brochure with the following strange title : “Sir Tague O’ Ragan's address to the fellows of Trinity college, upon the late intended alteration of the language of our acts, and other interesting alfairs relative to the kingdom. With some remarks on sir Tady Faulkner, printer in petto to the court party. To which are annexed some anec- dotes of the high priest, who finding himself abhorred by the brave and generous of a free country, is seized with such dejection of spirits, that he applys himself to the last recourse of all tyrants, viz; To drink himself into a torpid state of oblivion. London (Dublin) ; printed at the sign of the mitre, after spitting its venom, scourged by the spirit of liberty into its native residence. Pandora’s box (1753),” THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. memorated by a Dublin writer who lived on terms of great intimacy with the printer : “Yet not with base ungrateful yoke meanwhile Good Faulkner galls his Heliconiaan guests, Nor after mode Ourleian vilely pens His tuneful cattle, or confines to cribs Prescrib’d, but, flowing with abundant wealth, And splendid monarch of a stately dome. Commands his court in hospitable wise Be wide display’d, and with profound respect Poets accosts, and with accomplish’d hand Conducts officious into golden rooms. With couches furnish’d. Turkey carpets flame Beneath his feet, and bright with purple, show Heroes, embroider’d with surprising art. And martial arms, imbrued with streaming blood. Pure marble pillars of Italian vein Adorn his hearth, and, green with circling bays And ivy, bards, the greater on his right. On his left hand the lesser, long extinct. Returning into light their weapons wield. And breathe, and struggle on the pictur’d wall. And now the host, with living authors hem’d. The various products of their sundry toils Measures, and this he farther places, that Self-nearer, all in merit’s due degree. Nor spares his mellow wine, nor dishes rare. But, big of genius, and capacious heart. He pours his treasures eatable on board. And boon provokes his modest mates to pluck. The present favours of the bounteous gods. To celebrate glad carnivals, dissolve The frozen obstacles of anxious life. And heavy cares commit to sceptred heads. But, in the midst of heart-uniting cups, And free fruition of the joyous board. He feeds their fancies with examples fair. Of antient poets, and recounts their works And wit, immortal honour of the press. He then exhorts them, timorous of mind. And slow to venture on the task, to hope For equal bays, with rival rapture stung. And tenders with his own impartial hand. Already conscious of their claim. Nor barely promises Lucina’s part. But ample wages to his distich-wrights, Undmindful never of their high deserts. Nor hath he loaded only his approv’d. His faithful slaves with honourable hire, Their infant Muses usher’d into light. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. / 95 ^ And bound their labours to eternal fame, But also poets, long consign’d to night. And coop’d in prison (editor divine !) Republish’d and restor’d to face of Time.” In the year 1762 Samuel Foote, the witty dramatist and actor, fearing to carry out his design of bringing Dr. Johnson on the stage, resolved to substitute George Faulkner, whom he had met in London, and accordingly produced a fac simile of the printer, in the character of Peter Parapraph, in the ^^Orators.^^ This piece, written to ridicule the then fashionable custom of public lectures on oratory, was first performed in the Hay- market theatre at two o^clock in the day ; and, strangely enough, its success was chiefly owing to the character of Peter Paragraph. On its appearance. Chesterfield wrote to Faulkner pressing him to take law proceedings against Foote, and vo- lunteering his services in managing the prosecution. This advice not having been followed, the actor came to Dublin, and announced the " Orators^^ for performance at Smock-alley theatre. Faulkner, determined to have the play damned, purchased a number of tickets, which he presented to all the people in his employment, with directions to attend the first representation and hiss the actors from the stage. Certain of success, he seated himself in an obscure corner of the play- house to enjoy the result of the stratagem. In this, however, he was fated to be cruelly disappointed, for — When Foote, with strong judgment, and genuine wit. Upon all his peculiar absurdities hit,” the actoPs triumph was complete, and none applauded more vehemently than FaulknePs employes. Next morning he was further chagrined by every one connected with his estab- lishment, asserting that he himself had been on the stage, on the previous night, and that nothing could be further from their ideas than to hiss their kind employer. Faulkner con- sequently became a general object of ridicule, and could neither walk the streets nor stand at his own door without being annoyed. Although the desire of pecuniary profit in- duced him to print and sell the obnoxious play in his shop, he brought an action against the author for libel, and succeeded in obtaining a verdict before judge Robinson, who compared Foote to Aristophanes and Faulkner to Socrates; adding that the Heatlien philosopher was nothing the worse of THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. n(o the comparison. Eoote, having been obliged to enter into a compromise for the amount of damages, revenged himself by bringing the judge, jury, and lawyers on the stage at the Haymarket in a petite piece, entitled the Trial of Samuel Toote, esq., for a libel on Peter Paragraph.''^ The scene was laid in the Pour courts, Dublin, the dramatis personas consisting of the judge, counsellor Quirk, and counsellor Demur ; the latter opened the case as follows : — « My lord — I am counsel against this Mr. Foote, and a pretty per- son this Foote is, every inch of him [coughs]. You may say that [a deep cough] ; but 1 should be glad to know what right, now, this Foote has to be any body at all but himself. Indeed, my lord, I look upon it that he may be indicted for forgery [coughing]. Every body knows that it is a forgery to take off a man’s hand ; and why not as bad to take off a man’s leg ? Besides, my lord, it con- cerns yourself— yourself, for, God willing, 1 don’t despair, in a little time, of seeing your lordship on the stage. A pretty sort of busi- ness this, that your lordship is to be taken off the bench, there, where you are sitting, without your knowing anything at-all at-all of the matter, and all the while that, to your thinldng, you are pass- ing sentence here, in the Four courts, you may, for what you can tell, be hearing causes in the Haymarket. So that, gentlemen of the jury, if you have a mind to keep yourselves to yourselves, and not suffer any body else to be, but you yourselves, and your lordship does not choose to be in London whilst you are living in Dublin, you will find the prisoner Foote guilty. “ Jud^e I agree entirely with my brother Demur that this Foote is a most notorious offender, and ought to be taken measure of, and taught how dangerous a thing it is for him to tread upon other people’s toes ; and so, as my brother observes, to prevent his being so free with other people’s legs — w^e will lay him by the heels. Quirk. My lord, I move to quash this indictment, as irregular, and totally void of precision: — it is there said that Foote did, by force of arms, imitate the lameness, &c. of said Peter Paragraph — Now, as we conceive this imitation could not be executed by the arms, but by the legs only, we apprehend the leaving out legs, and putting in arms, corrupts and nullifies the said indictment. Demur. Fy, brother Quirk, the precedents are all quite clear against you ; vide sergeant Margin’s Reports, cap. ix. page 42, line 6, Magra against Murg. Magra was indicted for assaulting, by force of arms, said Murg, by giving him a kick in the breech, and it was held good. « Judge. — Where, brother Demur ? « Demur Chap. ix. page 42, line 6, Magra against Murg. “ Judge Magra against Murg. Demur And in the same book, notwithstanding the same ob- jection, Phelim O’Flanagan, for the murder of his wife, was found guilty of manslaughter. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 197 Quirk My lord — ** Judge You are, brother, out of season in your objection; you are too early ; we will first find the traverser guilty of the indictment, and then we will consider if the indictment is good for any thing or not. Demur Yes, that is the rule — that is the law, every word of it. “ Quirk I submit. “ Demur. — Now, we will proceed to fix the fact upon Foote. Call Dermit O’Dirty This is a little bit of a printer’s devil. Quirk We object to this witness. Demur . — Why so ? Quirk . — He was convicted last Trim assizes of perjury, and condemned to be whipped. Judge . — And was he whipped ? “ Quirk No, my lord, he ran away from the gaoler. Judge . — Is he in court ? Demur. — Yes. Judge Why, in his present state, O’Dirty is, doubtless, an in- competent witness ; for, not having suffered the law, the books aver he cannot be believed ; but in order to restore his credit at once — here, gaoler, take O’Dirty into the street, and flog him handsomely; he will, by that means, become rectus in curiuy and his testimony ad- mitted of course. “ Demur. — Ay, that is the law : I have often known the truth whipped out of a man ; but your lordship has found the way to flog it into him again.” Counsellor Quirk then applies for an information against Peter Paragraph for libelling himself by printing and publish- ing the Orators,’^ which is granted by the judge, who states ; Whilst I sit here, I will take care that none of the king^s subjects shall take the liberty to libel themselves/^ and the piece concludes with the following lines*, written and spoken by Poote : — “ At Athens once, fair queen of arms and arts. There dwelt a citizen of modern parts ; Precise his manner, and demure his looks. His mind unletter’d — though he dealt in books ; Amorous, though old : though dull, loved repartee, And penn’d a paragraph most daintily. He aim’d at purity in all he said. And never once omitted eth or ed ; * The words printed in italics were lisped exactly in the style of Faulkner, who had been deprived of several front teeth by a fall from a horse. The observation relative to “poena, pede claudo,” was verified in the case of Foote, who lost one of his legs four years after ridiculing Faulkner’s misfortune. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. In hath and doth, was seldom known to fail. Himself the hero of each little tale; With wits and lords this man was much delighted. And once (it hath been said) was near being knighted. One Aristophanes, a wicked wit, Who never heeded grace in what he wit. Had mark’d the manners of this Grecian sage. And, thinking him a subject for the stage. Had from the lumber cull’d, with curious care. His voice — his looks— his gestures, gait, and air, His affectation, consequence, and mien. And boldly launch’d him on the comic scene ; Loud peals of plaudits through the circles ran. All felt the satire— for all knew the man. Then Peter — Petros was his classic name, Fearing the loss of dignity and fame. To a grave lawyer, in a hurry, flies. Opens his purse, and begs his best advice. The fee secur’d, the lawyer strokes his hand— ‘ The case you put, I fully understand. The thing is plain, from Cocos’s Reports, For rules of poetry arn’t rules of courts. A libel this — I’ll make the mummer know it, A Grecian constable took up the poet ; Restrain’d the sallies of his laughing muse. Call’d harmless humour— scandalous abuse. The bard appeal’d from this severe decree. The indulgent public set the prisoner free Greece was to him — what Dublin is to me. After this event, Paulkner was allowed to rest undisturbed until the year 1770 , when a dispute arose between him and his friend Howard, occasioned by an advertisement the Dublin Journal' announcing the publication ot the Mon- strous magazine, containing whatever tends to extort amaze- mont in art and nature, fact or fiction; occasionally interspersed with the impossible. Inscribed to the incomparable author of ' Almeyda, or the rival kings ) as also the tragedy of Tarah, and other literary productions, in hopes of his future favours.^ A continual fire of epigrams from the columns of Hoey s Mercury,^’ widened the breach, and in 1771, both Daulkner and Howard, to their great consternation, were suddenly made the laughing stock of the entire town, by the publication in the Mercury of a satire in prose and verse entitled an '‘Epistle to Gorges Edmond Howard, esqr. ; with notes, explanatory, critical, and historical, by George Eaulkner, esq. and alderman.” Jephson, the principal author of this pro- duction, dined with a large party at Eaulkner s house on the THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. m ■555 day before the appearance of the Epistle/’ and found himself in an exceedingly awkward position, when the host rose to inform his guests of the intended publication, and repeatedly toasted the health of its author. This piece ran through nine editions and was considered at the time one of the most witty works of the kind ever published in Ireland; the following note from it was intended as a parody on the style of George Eaulkner, printer, bookseller, and author of the Dublin Journal — He hath lived with the first wits of the present age in great credit, and upon a footing of much intimacy and kindness. He is well known to have been the particular friend of the dean of St. Patrick’s, and at this moment corresponds with the earl of Chesterfield, whose letters will be published by him imme- diately after the demise of the said earl. He was sent to Newgate by the house of commons, in the year 1735, for his steadiness in prevaricating in the cause of liberty; and sworn an alderman in Dublin in the year 1770 ; fined for not serving the office of sheriff in the year 1768. His Journal (to which he hath lately added a fourth column) is circulated all over Europe, and taken in at the coffee-houses in Constantinople, besides Bath, Bris- tol, Boston, Tunbridge Wells, Brighthelmstone, Virginia and Eyre Connaught. In his paragraphs he hath always studied the pros- perity and honour of his native country, by strenuously decrying whisky, projecting cellars, holes made by digging for gravel in the high roads, voiding of excrements in the public streets, throwing of squibs, crackers, sky-rockets, and bone-fires ; by which many lives are lost, men, women, and children maimed ; sick persons disturbed out of their sleep ; eyes burnt out, and horses startled; recommend- ing it to archbishops, dukes, lords, privy counsellors, generals, colo- nels, field-officers, and captains, to fall down precipices, tumble into cellars, be overturned by rubbish thrown in the streets, in order to remove nuisances ; dissuading all bloods, bucks, smarts, rapparees, and other such infernal night-walkers, from committing manslaughter upon pigs, hackney horses, watchmen’s lanterns and other enormi- ties : profane cursing and swearing, and breaking the Sabbath, and the commandments ; exclaiming against the importation of potatoes, and advising to grow more corn ; inciting to virtue by characters in his Journal, and calling upon the magistrates to do their duty. The earl of Chesterfield compareth him unto Atticus a Roman, baronet, and sundry other compliments. N.B. — His nephew Todd continueth to make the best brawn, and hath lately imported a large quantity of James’s powders. Besides the great men above mentioned, as dean Swift and the earl of Chesterfield, who at present correspond with the author hereof, he hath the most kind, affectionate, and complimentary letters from the celebrated Mr. Pope, of which the following under-written epistle is a copy, ‘ T o Mr. George F aulk- ner, bookseller in Dublin. Sir, I hear you have lately published an edition of Doctor Swifts works : send it to me by the first opportu- nity, and assure the dean that I am ever, his sincere and affectionate THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. servant, Alexander Pope.’ Also the following most friendly letter from the famous Mr. Wilkes. ‘To alderman Faulkner, Dublin. Sir, as I have no further occasion for your Journal, I desire you will discontinue sending it to your humble servant, John Wilkes.’ This production was followed by another burlesque poem, entitled an Epistle from Gorges Edmond Howard, esquire, to alderman G. Eaulkner, with notes, &c. by the alderman and other authors/’ in which Howard is represented addressing the bookseller as follows : — “ And who, do you think, were the junto of writers. The dull annotators, and dogg’rel enditers, ^ The witlings employ’d to be-note and be-rhime us, But Courtenay the scribbler, and Jephson the mimus. Pert Dennis* the doctor, that ignorant wight, And Simcox, whose name 1 should blush to recite ; With, oh my dear George, what I grieve should be said. Our noble chief ruler himself at their head !” This was the last attack made upon Eaulkner, but the per- secution of Howard was maintained for some time with malignant wit and pertinacity. Having been dissuaded by Chesterfield from printing a projected quarto edition of Swift in a magnificent style, Eaulkner in 1772, published the dean s works in twenty volumes octavo. The notes, chiefly written by himself in that unconnected style which subjected him to so much ridicule, form the groundwork of all editions of Swift’s works, and were largely drawn on by sir Walter Scott, whose editorial mistakes we had occasion to notice on a former occasion. There is, however, a blot on the character of Eaulkner, which it would be unjust to overlook. When lord Orrery, the unsuccessful translator of Pliny, essayed to a reputation by libelling the man, to whom during life he had. exhibited the meanest sycophancy, he found a publisher in “ The sordid printer, who, by his influence led Abused the fame that first bestow’d him bread.” Eaulkner’s conduct, in publishing Orrery’ujhgnant attack on Swift, excited tnerited reprobation, and he received sev'ere castigation both in prose and verse. An anony- mous writer of the day stigmatised him as a man, who ungratefully endeavoured to bespatter the noble patriot, who •Dennis, one of lord Townshend’s chaplains, was, like his associates, remarkable’ for wit, learning and social qualities. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. rescued him from poverty and slavery, a patriot whose laurels will ever bloom, while the word liberty is understood in Ire- land f while one of his epigrammatic assailants exclaims : — A sore disease this scribbling itch is ! His lordship, in his Pliny seen. Turns madame Pilkington in breeches, And now attacks our patriot dean. What ! libel his friend when laid in ground : Nay, good sir, you may spare your hints. His parallel at last is found, For what he writes George Faulkner prints.” The bookseller had, nevertheless, one quality, which in the eyes of his own generation, considerably extenuated the vice of ingratitude. No man in Dublin was more famed for hospitality and good fellowship. At his new house'^ a constant series of entertainments was maintained on a most magnificent scale, and among his guests were to be found men of the first rank and importance in the country. A dramatist and essayist of the last century, who was a constant visitor at the distinguished literary assemblies at Dilly’s and Dodsley^s in London, has left the following notice of an entertainment at George Laulkner^s house : — “ 1 found myself in a company so miscellaneously and whimsipally classed, that it looked more like a fortuitous concourse of oddities, * Faulkner superintende d in perso n the building of thi s house which was actual ly erected without stairs. Jephson makesmm account for the mistake in the folTdi^g ludicrous style : — “ When my house was building, I happened to be out of the way one morning, penning an advertisement for an agreeable companion to pay half the expense of a post-chaise, to see that stupendous curiosity of nature, the Giant’s Causeway, about which ’tis still a doubt amongst the learned, whether it be done in the common way by giants, or whether it be an effort of spontaneous nature, and my house was erected without any staircase ; whereby the upper stories were rendered useless, unless by the com- munication of a ladder placed in the street. But upon considering my misfortune in wanting my member, and the carelessness of hackney coachmen, who drive furiously through the streets at all hours, in a state of drunkenness from the spirituous liquors, whereby the ladder might be shook or thrown down when I was ascending it, I thought it better to rebuild my house, and it has at present a staircase, by which there is a convenient and elegant communication between all parts of said tenement. It is somewhat remarkable that my house in Essex street had no staircase, whereby nature seemeth to point out, that having but one leg, I ought not to attempt climbing, and should always remain on the groundfloor.” Faulkner’s house, now known as no. 15 Parliament- street, is at present occupied by messieurs Robert Cordner and co., fringe and lace manufacturers. 2 o THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. iurabled together from all ranks, orders and descriptions, than the ^effect of invitation and design. Description must fall short in the attempt to convey any sketch of that eccentric being to those, who have not read him in the notes of Jephson, or seen him in the mimickry of Foote, who in his portraits of b aulkner found the only sitter, whom his extravagant pencil could not caricature ; tor he had a solemn intrepidity of egotism, and a daring conteinpt of absui^ ditv, that fairly outfaced imitation, and like Garrick s ode on Shaksnear, which Johnson said ‘ defied criticism so did George in ahe SalVitof his own perfect buffoonery, defy caricature. He never deigned to join in the laugh he had raised, nor seemed to j have a feeling of the ridicule he had provoked ; at the same tune that he was pre-eminently and by preference the butt and of the company, he could find openings and opportunities for hits of retaliation, which were such left-handed thrusts as few could parry, nobody could foresee where they would fall, nobody of course was forewarned, and as there was in his calculation but one superemment character in the kingdom of Ireland, and he the printer of the Dub- lin Journal, rank was no shield against George’s arrows, which flew where he listed, and fixed or missed as chance directed, he cared not about consequences. He gave good meat and excellent claret in abundance ; I sat at his table once from dinner till two m the morn- ins- whilst George swallowed immense potations with one solitary sodden strawberry at the bottom of the glass, which he said recommended to him by his doctor for its cooling properties. He never lost his recollection or equilibrium the whole time, and was in excellent foolery ; it was a singular coincidence, that there was a person in company, who had received his reprieve at the gallows, and the very judge, who had passed the sentence of death upon him. This did not in the least disturb the harmony of the society, nor embarrass any human creature present. All wept off perfectly smooth, and George, adverting to an origina portrait of dean Swift, which hung in his room, told us abundance of excellent^ and interesting anecdotes of the dean and himself with minute precision, and an importance irresistibly ludicrous. There was also a portrait of his late lady Mrs. Faulkner, which either made the painter or George a liar, for it was frightfully ugly, whilst he swore she wi^ the most divine object in creation. In the mean time he took credit to himself for a few deviations in point of gallantry, and asserted that he broke his leg in flying from the fury of an enraged husband, whilst Foote constantly maintained that he fell down an area with a trav of meat upon his shoulder, when he was journeyman to a butcher : I believe neither of them spoke the truth. George pro- secuted Foote for lampooning him on the stage of Dublin ; his counsel the prime serjeant compared him to Socrates, and his libeller to Aristophanes ; this I believe was all that George got by his course of law, but he was told he had the best of the bargain m the com- parison, and sat down contented under the shadow of his laurels. In process of time he became an alderman ; I paid my court to him in that character, but I thought he was rather main-ed than mended by his dignity. George grew grave and sentimental, and sentiment THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. X^3 and gravity sat as ill upon George,* as a gown and a square cap would upon a monkey.” Notwithstanding his unrestrained indulgence in the good things of this life, the prince of Dublin printers’’^ lived to a very advanced age; and his death, on the 30th August, 1775, was caused by a distemper, contracted while dining with some friends at a tavern in the suburbs of the city. Faulkner having left no children, his property devolved to his nephew, Thomas Todd, who assumed his uncle^s surname, obtained the appoint- ment of printer to the city, and continued to carry on the pub- lishing establishment till his death in 1793. The Dublin Journah^ maintained a drowsy career for some years after the decease of its founder, until towards 1790, when it became a violent partizan paper, under the management of the once no- torious John Giffard. This person, better known by the complimentary soubriquet of the ‘dog in office,’ was brought up in the Blue coat hospital. He was taken by the hand by a person of the name of Thwaites, a brewer, and was brought up to the business of an apothecary. He married a young woman in humble life, in the county of Wexford, and set up as an apothecary, in the town of Wexford, but got maltreated in a brawl with a man of the name Miller in that town, and removed to * He was a man “something under the middle size, but when sitting looked tolerably lusty, his body being rather large ; his features were manly, his countenance pleasing though grave ; and his whole aspect not destitute of dignity ; his limbs were well formed, and in his youth he was strong and active’’ Another writer tells us that George Faulkner was “ a fat little man, with a large well powdered wig and brown clothes,” i and adds— “ one day, passing through Parliament street, Dublin, George I Faulkner, the printer, was standing at his own shop-door ; I was induced to stare in at a bust on the counter. He observed me, and by the port- I folio under my arm, knew I was a pupil at the royal Academy. I $ remained in fixed attention, when he kindly invited me in to look at the bust, saying it was the head of his friend and patron dean Swift. To display it in all its different views, he turned it round and about for me, and then brought me up stairs to see the picture of Swift.” The bust here referred to, was executed by Cunningham, the sculptor, noticed at page 511; and was intended to be placed outside of a round window in Faulkner’s house, looking towaM^ssex street, where the bracket /ITPa-rliAt «ec.tgfl4aitlBa^8aiJ.'beteenrWrx^ shop while he was publishing lord Orrery’s work, occasioned the follow- ing epigram ; — “ Faulkner ! for once you have some judgment shown, By representing Swift transformed to stone, For could he thy ingratitude have known. Astonishment itself the work had done !” The bust was presented in 1776, by Thomas Todd Faulkner, to St, Patrick’s cathedral, where it stands over Swift’s monument. jm the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW, IT found in the list of common councilmen. As his PTipd he changed his residence to College-street, then to ra i - Teet LdfiXto Suffolk-street. in 1790. He distmgn.shed h.m- chlged his politics, reviled his former associates, and was du } ' iECd* Si. d,.,..a.b.i..~. .r EFI Si& = r oil work of a dirty kind at the castle, and a hanger- was a man ot all work oi a aii L;y h-ii • „ I'Ton OifFavd^s on of Clare and the Beresfords. I\*e spring of 1790, Gdlaid privileged insolence had already reached the acme Hp attacked Mr. Curran in the streets at noon-da), for alluding, i ™r fa Inductor of youl press, a writer for ircoLTc^ence laSsH'tFsrrSKdpS manner that, notwithstanding his r rSponsible ;ri txi'Tir,^=;- s?; £E=. “» found necessary to have a emergency. M:!‘G\ff:rd :afm'fde‘“ som: ninths previously to the trial. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. wi ‘ a jury of the right sort’ was impannelled, and Hamilton Rowan was sent to Newgate. Mr. Giffard was at this time, by lord Clare’s pa- tronage and protection, on the high road to preferment under go- vernment, and its countenance had already enabled him to become the chief proprietor of the * Dublin Journal.’ From the time it came into his hands, its violence, virulence, vulgarity, and men- dacity, were of so extreme a character, that in the present day, its advocacy would be held detrimental and disgraceful to any party. Yet its editor was patronised, and preferred to places of honour and emolument by the administration, and especially fa- voured with the countenance and confidence of lord Clare. Indeed, none but the most worthless and unscrupulous men were selected for his favour, or fitted to be his agents.” A perpetual war raged between the Dublin JournaD^ and the " Press,^^ the organ of the United Irishmen. The go- vernment paper always figured in the columns of the Press^^ as the ‘‘ dog^s journal while the office in Parliament-street* where it was published received the name of il grotto del cane.’’^ The fate of Ryan, printer of the paper, who fell in the struggle with lord Edward Eitz Gerald, in Thomas-street, and the death of Giffard^s son, in an engagement with the peasan- try in Kildare, were not calculated to mollify the editor of * The principal occupants of Parliament-street in the last cen- tury were woollen drapers and mercers. When colonel Arthur Wellesley was about leaving Dublin, to commence his brilliant career, he committed to Thomas Dillon, a wealthy woollen dra- “ per, who opened a shop in this street in 1782, the care of dis- charging the numerous debts which he had contracted while in Ireland; Mr. Dillon subsequently resided at Mount Dillon, county Dublin. General Thomas Russell, whom the English government had banished to the Continent, without trial, for having engaged with the United Irishmen in their efforts to procure Catholic emancipation and parliamentary reform, was arrested by major Sirr at half-past nine o’clock on the night of the 9th of September, 1803, at his temporary residence on the second floor of the house No. 28, Parliament-street, belonging to a goldsmith named Muley. Fifteen hundred pounds were offered for the capture of Russell, who had come to Ireland to aid Robert Emmet; the proclamation describes him as “a tall handsome man, about five feet eleven inches high, dark complexion, aquiline nose, large black eyes, with heavy eye-brows, good teeth, full chested, walks generally fast and upright, and has a military appear- ance ; is about forty-eight years of age, speaks fluently, with a clear distinct voice, and has a good address.” He was tried at Downpatrick and executed on 21st October, 1803. Russell was one of the most amiable and accomplished men of his day, and he died professing the sentiments of religion and philanthropy which had distinguished his career through life. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. the Dublin Journal/^ who continued to pursue his violent ca- reer. His detestation of the pope and his adoration of king William he carried to an excess quite ridiculous ; in fact, on both subjects/" says a Protestant writer, “he seemed occasionally delirious."" In 1803 he publicly objected to Grattan’s voting at the city election : the overwhelming invective which the orator poured forth on this occasion has been preserved by the candidate whom he came forward to support Mr. Sheriff, when I observe the quarter from whence the objection comes, I am not surprised at its being made ! It proceeds from the hired traducer of his country— the excommunicated of his fellow-citizens— the regal rebel— the unpunished rufhan —the bigoted agitator! In the city a firebrand— in the court a liar — in the streets a bully — in the field a coward 1 — And so obnoxious is he to the very party he wishes to espouse, that he is only supportable by doing those dirty acts the less vile refuse to execute."" Giffard, thunderstruck, lost his usual assurance ; and replied, in one single sentence, “ I would spit upon him in a desert !,"" — which vapid and unmeaning exclama- tion was his sole retort. After the unsuccessful result of Eobert Emmet"s attempt in 1803, the services of the editor of the “Dublin Journal"" became comparatively unimportpt to government. One of Giffard s last acts, in his editorial capacity, was the suspension of a huge placard from an upper window of the house in Parliament-street, contradicting, in rather unmeasured terms, a report circulated through the city, that Dr. Patrick Duigenan, the notoriously violent champion of Protestant ascendancy, had, on his death-bed, become a convert to the doctrines of the Church of It should, however, in justice, be stated that Giffard, not- withstanding his strong political and religious prejudices, never allowed the acerbities of party feeling to impede the dictates of benevolence ; and in private life he was always found to be a steadfast and generous friend. As proprietor of the newspaper he was succeeded by Mr. Walter Thom, whose connection with it ceased shortly previous to his death in June 1824, and the last number of the “ Dublin Journal"" appeared in the year 1825. ART. II.—THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. NO. IV. The ground at present occupied by College-green originally formed portion of a large village, outside the city, known as Le Hogges,^^ a name subsequently corrupted into Hoggin- green/^ At the Eastern extremity of this plain, Dermod Mac Murchad, king of Leinster, in 1166, founded the priory of ^^All Hallows^^ or ^'All Saints,^^ which, on the dissolu- tion of religious houses, was granted by Henry VIII. to the citizens of Dublin, as a recompense for their loyalty during the insurrection of Thomas Eitz Gerald, his deputy in 1534. The citizens, in the reign of Elizabeth, transferred their property in the dissolved monastery to Adam Loftus, arch- bishop of Dublin, for the foundation of an university, which still preserves the remembrance of its original insulated posi- tion-, being styled in all official documents, the College of the holy and undivided Trinity, tiear Dublin One of the earliest notices of “Le Hogges^^ is found in a French chronicle of the twelfth century, which tells us that prince Gil- lamocholmog, the Irish ally of the Anglo-Normans, marshalled his troops here in 1171, when an attempt was made by the Northmen to recover the city of Dublin, by an attack on the Eastern gate,* after their repulse from which the Irish pur- * The full details of the landing: of the Northmen, and their attack on “ la porte seinte Marie,” will be found in our notice of St. Werburgh’s- street. The contemporary Norman rhymer describes, as follows, the proceedings of Mac Gillamocholmog, who was lord of the territory of Ui Dunchadha, through which the Dodder ( Dothair), flows: — “ Gylmeolmoch aitant Dehors la cit6 meintenant Se est cil reis pur veir asis Od cel gent de sun pais. Desur le Hogges de Sustein, Dehors la citer en un plein, ■ — Par agarder la mell6 Se sunt iloque asemble. Pur agarder icel estur, Gylmeholmoch se sist le jor, En une place vereiment Se sist od sa mein^ gent." It would appear that the correct reading of the fifth line is — “ Desur le Hogges dessus Stein,” alluding to the portion of the South-eastern b ank of the Liffey, formerly known as “le Steyne” or the “ Staine.” The concludi ng parror*{his account Ts We more cifrious, as it is written 3 A ^9^ THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. sued them with great slaughter, as they retreated along this plain _ to their ships. Vestiges of remote antiquity, clisoovered here durhig the reign of Charles I., have been desonbed as Mows NoveSr! Wde^as people were employed in removing a little hill in the East suburbs of the city of Dublin, m order toWrrh a line of fortification, there was sepulchre placed S.W. and N.E. composed of eight black inLble stones of which two made the covering and were supported by the others. The length of this six feet two inches, the breadth three feet one inch, and the thickness of the stone three inches. At each comer o^t erected a stone four feet high and near it at the S W end another stone was placed in the form of a pyramid six teet 3, of a rustic work, and of that kmd of stone which is caUed a mill-stone. Vast quantities of burnt coals, ashes, and human bones; some of which were in part burned, and some only scorched, were found in it, which was looked upon to be a work of the Ostmen, and erected by that people while they were heathens, in memory of some petty m “ob - man.” The position of this monument was denoted by a portion of it which existed down to the middle of *6 last Lntury, and was known as the “long stone, over against the in the language spoken by the first Anglo-Norman invaders of Ireland : — “Quant Gylmeholmoch, sachez, li reis Vist fuir les Northwicheis E cil de Eir e cil de Man, La meinfe Hesculf e Johan, E li reis pur veir se yist Que cil erent desconfist, En pes s’en est li reis saili, A haute voiz hautement cn : ‘ Ore BUS, seignurs vassals 1 Aidum as Engleis naturals. Ore, sus tost ! si aiderum^ A bon Ricard e a Milun. E les Yrreis aitant De tut pars wnt occiant, Occiant wnt de tut pars E de gavelocs e de dars Icele gent ki erent venus Od Esculf li veil chanuz ; E cil s’en wnt desconfiz En boys, en pleinz, en larris. Q,ue vus devoroie plus dire Mil e cine cent artire Erent remis ^ icel jor Mors, detrenchez a dolur Veir eo dient les asquanz, Dous mil vassals combatanz Erent le jor pur veir remis Ki enz al champ erent occis. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. college The perpetual incursions of the native clans upon the city of Dublin prohibited the erection of houses upon Hoffffin-green, which from an early period was used as a place for the public execution of criminals. In 1327, old chroniclertellsus,that ^^agentlemanof thefamihe oftheOtoolies (TJcb Timthail) in Leinster, named Adam Duffe, possessed by some wicked spirit of error, denied obstinatelie the of our Saviour, the trinitie of persons in the unitie of the CjocI head, and the resurrection of the flesh ; as for the holie scrip- ture, he said it was but a fable : the Yirgin Mane he asserted to be a woman of dissolute life; and the apostolike see erro- nious Lor such assertions he was burnt in Hogging-greene beside Dublin.^^' In 1487 the earl of Kildare lord deputy commanded the messenger from the mayor of ^ ® haimed on Hoggin-green forhavingbrought word that the citizens of the urbs intacta'^ would not espouse the cause of ;^mbert Simnel. '' A place on this green was anciently called Hoggen butt, where the citizens had butts for their exercise in mchery , and near thej^was ^small range ofjmildings c^^^^^ Tib and Tom, where possibly the citizens amused themselves at leisure times by playing at keals or nine-pins. We find those build- ings called Tib and Tom, mentioned in the wiU of Eichard, the first earl of Cork, as mortgaged to him by Theodore lord Dockwra, and the lady Anne his mother, for three hundred pounds, and rented from the mortgagee by sir Philip Percival at twenty-four pounds per annum/" When a lord deputy landed, the sherifis, with a troop of horse and trumpeters, proceeded to meet him at some distance from the city ; and at Hoggin-green he was usually received by the mayor and aldermen in their formalities. Elections and public assemblies of the citizens were occasionally held in this locality : thus we are told that — Thomas Fitz Gerald, earl of Kildare, and lord lieutenant of Ireland, in the year 1528, was invited to a new play ev^ery day m Christinas, Arlan dUssher being then mayor, and Francis Herbert and John Squire, bayliffs, wherein the taylors acted the part of Adam ' and Eve, the shoemakers represented the story of Crispin and Cris- nianus • the vintners acted Bacchus and his story ; the carpenters that of Joseph and Mary ; Vulcan, and what related to him, was acted by the smiths, and the comedy of Ceres, the goddess of corn, by the bakers. Their stage was erected on Hoggin-green, now called College-green— and on it the priors of St. John of Jerusalem, of the blessed Trinity, and of All-hallows, caused two plays to be THE IRISH QHARTEllLY REVIEW. %{0 w acted ; the one representing account other the several deaths which the ap but in circumstances may probably, in its materia^l Vo " Pierce Butler, earl of the^uthor of it ^“dly^ For P ^ Ossory, was lord deputy ot ireianu ; j rvening Michaelmas to the' 22nd of June, If from g the persons mentioned V'? j„o„tv for a very short time to Thomas FitzGerald was indeed lord de uty^ his father Gerald in 1534 ; but then Robert bti ng and Henry Plunkett and “Xteininents to the under a necessity ^ Somethine; upon this subject is government of the earl of 9^ “[y. Something up to he met with in a ma^uuscript in the ^ fL Hen ’ VIII. was said, that in the parliament of 1541, f Qrmond declWed king of Ireland tf re fg eh eftaine of and Desmond; the lovd Barry ; with many Ossory; the sons of O Bryan Mac Carthy 1 Irish lords ; and on Corp parliament robes, and the streets with the procession in them j^e mace ‘Nine Worthies' was “V* s„„hy following, king before the deputy on V. elind in St. ^Patrick’s church, Henry was ’f ' T had fotn— on horseback, and and the next Sunday they , v k.* sir James Ware hints running at the ring wi ^ ‘Epulas, comoedias, et certamina at the same thing m a few ?’ ^ It is needless/ says ludicra, comedies, and sports followed.’ It is he, ‘ to relate what leastings, ^ pj+pti that in an expedi- said also in the college P ,f i,y the lord deputy Sussex in tion made against f cLtain, and pLick Bulkely, 1557, he was cttv raiLd-bands, and upon their petty.captain, with s^xty of th y ^ return the Six Worm ^ ^^pon the occasion, found ir tlumS/s'Xses^for the solemnity, and gave them 20s. m “Tn'tlie reign of James I' portance on /po/f as “ clrye’s liospLl,” of vagrants, and a '“8® occupied by the bank of ISS all tXTorthoW^^ * The lord deputy. Sir “ And Kilmainham, 26th June, 1 ^ go miche to the contentation for that the thing ^^SJther were made in the citie greate of every person, the Sonday foloing festino-es in their bowses, bonfires, wyne sette m the stretis, g Worthies” consisted of with a goodly sorte of gunnes ihe j ^^3 Hector, Alexander *e feat f bus k of Bouillon. Maccabaius, king if H Lome's labour lost," and in the second Shakespeare refers to them m part of King Henry iv. THE STllEETS OE DUBLIN. %N ■W5 theLiffey; the college then forming the Eastern boundary* of the city. Carye’s hospital, originally intended for, but nevCT used as an infirmary, received its name from its builder, sir George Carew, queen Elizabeth’s treasurer at wars, who was created earl of Totnes for the services which he rendered the crown of England by disuniting and decimating the Irish clans, during his tenure of the office of president of Munster. Like many of Elizabeth’s favorites, Carew was both a soldier and a scholar ; his manuscript collections, preserved at Lambeth, contain documents of the greatest interest and importance connected with Anglo-Irish history. During Michaelmas, 1605 , and the two succeeding terms, the courts of law sat in Carye’s hospital; and government, in 1606, contemplated the purchase of the house, but being unvnlhng o pay our thousand pounds, the sum demanded by Carew, the latter set it to sir George Ridgeway, who succeeded him as treasurer. The “ hospital” was afterwards transferred by the earl ot Totnes to sir Arthur Basset, and from him it passed to Arthur Chichester, whenc e it acquired the name ot *At the entrance from Hoggin-green to Dame-street stood “ ffate ” which appears to have been removed in the reign of Charles ii., Sfiitirens havFng represented in 1662 that is was “ wholly useless, and that the further continuance of standing thereof ^ ® without much danger to his majesty s subjects. I^^^suant to an order of the house of commons the following letter was written ^y the r speaker on the 19th April, 1661, to be communicated by the iFrd r^ayor to the alderinen-irz-TSTr. Mayor and gentlemen the house of commons having received a petition f inhabitants of the city and suburbs of the ""'Y. expressing the danger that they and other his majesty s subjects, whF) have occasion to pass to and froiu cMled the liable unto, by reason of the tottering condition of the gate called the Blind-gate, standing upon the entrance of the said green next unto mmaske- street, and taking notice themselves, that the ^ much decayed, and being very sensible of the ill . may happen by the fall thereof to the adjoining inhabitants, and to other persons, that at such a time may be going by either public or private affairs ; and considering also, that the said gate is no strength or ornament to the city, and is very ^ respect of the strait and narrow passage under the same, have therefore commanded me to recommend it to your special care, that the saM gate mav be forthwith taken down, and that no other for the futipe may be erefedTn Ihe same place ; in doing whereof much prejudice will be prevented, the entrance into that part of the city will become more graceful, and your compliance to the desires of the house will be lui ther manifested, which is all at present I have to signify unto you, and re~ main your loving friend, John Temple, speaker.” THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. “ Chichester-house."’^ In an official document of the time it is described as a large mansion with a gate-house, a garden, and plantations ; we also find notice of houses in Mension’s fields,"" near Le Hoggen-greene,"" and of a piece of land in the same vicinity styled Mension"s mantle."" Sir Arthur Chichester, from whom the house received its second name, having in early life been obliged to fly from England to escape the consequences of a robbery which he perpetrated upon one of queen Elizabeth"s purveyors, repaired to Erance and there distinguished himself as a soldier under Henri lY., from whom he received the honor of knighthood : he was subsequently pardoned by the queen and employed by her in Ireland, where his eminent services procured him the command of the forces stationed in Ulster. In 1604 he was appointed lord deputy, and sent the first English judges of assize into Con- nacht; while his exertions in carrying out the plantaiou of Ulster were rewarded by large regal grants in that province, together with the title of baron of Belfast in 1612. An un- published remembrance-roll of James I. contains the follow- ing account of sir Arthur’s departure from Dublin in 1613, when he was summoned by the king to furnish evidence relative to the proceedings of the Irish Eoman Catholics or Eecusants : — Memorandum, quod die Saturni proximo ante festum sancti Pa- tricii, episcopi, existente xij die Marcii, anno regni dicti domini regis nunc Jacobi, Anglise, Francise et Hiberniae xi.o., et Scotiae xlvii.o., prenobilis Arthurus Chichester, eques auratus, dominus Chichester de Bellfauste, et hujus regni Hiberniae deputatus gene- ralis, sceptrum ejusdem regni susceptus per spacium novem annorum, hebdomadarum quinque paucorumque, insuper, dierum, navem in- tra portum Dublinii conscenscus est in quadam navicula, scilicet re- giae majestatis quae hoc nomine insignitur Le Moone, cujus Beverley Newcomen, filius et haeres Roberti Newcomen, militis, praefectus erat, ut versus Angliam transfereretur, (a domo sua vocata Chiches- ter-house concomitatus ad locum nomine gaudentem the Hinges ende, quo receptus fuit in cymbam naviculae praedictae) reveren- dissimo in Christo patre Thoma archiepiscopo Dublinii, Hiberniae cancellario, et tripliciter digno et nobili Hiberniae mariscallo, Richardo Wingfeild, milite, quos praefecit et reliquit ad gubernan- dum, se absente, dominos justiciarios, totidemque aliis jurisconsultis aliisque militibus, generosos et pencionarios qui tunc temporis sena- tui versati fuere. Itidemque, maiore, decurionibus, vicecomitibus et maxima praecipuaque parte civium plebiumque multitudine infinita civitatis Dublinii, hi omnes, omni ex parte, equis instruct!, aimores afFectionesque erga tarn nobilem praeclarumque proregein exprimen- THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. m tes. Quinon satis admiranda sapientia, credibili patienHa, nobili f c^ontraxif sibi cura totius hujus regni et populi P. subditorumque araorem ac estimacionem sm pnncipi , . • „ ’ gt reverentiam, omnium aligenarum et peregrmancium splen- et tandem, magna eum gloria et gratia, ad “ dorem summamque honoris amplitudmem p renno revoca- ma maiestate per literas nommatim accersitus , j, tus, sed de maximis gravissimisque totius ^ ^ maj estate consul turus, et propediem rursus reversuru . The following is a contemporary notice of his return from this journey : — to be adjourned, viz. 20th July* whereby it deputy’s coming over, who was tnen g deputy to depart beingVepared for his e™S>fess, deputy^^ and return into Ireland, who, a , .1 ^ of July, being king, departed from London on , Dinby, sir Charles accompanied with sir Henry j Edward Moore, Wilmot, sir Adam Loftus, sir Roger Jone^^^^ and many other gentlemen of worth, w tt^ arrived with him at ^me^ day m the afternoon the lords early in the morning ; ^s Lre near at hand, and also justices, with as many ^he aldermen and commons, the mayor of the city of Dublin, witn received most rode forth to meet the lord deputy, by whom horsemen of all joyfully, and attended upon wit . P ^ he entered the istates riding from Howth towards iustfce Ld ^ in Hoggen-green.” ^ . rhichester was aaain appointed lord deputy 1^ 1^];, governor \e was ‘created brd high treasurer of Ireland ; and fn 1622 proceeded, as the king of England s ambassador, to the Palatinate in Germany. He died,* without issue, in 1624, * From an unpublished “e“or^“dum-rollof^the^cou^^^ sfr'^Arthur of the third year of Charles L, 'we find ^ £10,000, w“rterhe”r®di“ charged by sale of a portion of his estates, in the TTrq: rvo THE IRISH QUARTERLY RETIEW. and his estates passed to his brother, sir Edward Chichester, in whose favor the peerage was revived with the additional honor of viscount Chichester, of Carrickfergus. Chichester house was subsequently tenanted by sir John Borlase, who, in conjunction with si/ William Parsons, was appointed lord justice of Ireland in 1640 . “ Sir John Borlase had, in Holland, entertained the principles of the Calvinists, but had none of their turbulent spirit : he was quiet and easy in his nature, of ordinary parts, and without either art or design. He had been bred a soldier in the wars of the Low countries, where he served before the truce in 1608. He had behaved himself very well in the commands, wherein he had been employed there, and had gained a good reputation for his military skill. When he returned from abroad, he was thought a proper person to keep up discipline in the Irish army, had a company of foot and a troop of execution of which he had sold to sir Samuel Smith “ an absolute estate, in fee:jimple of th e house called Carye’s hospital, and more lately called Chichester-house,~and other the premises thereunto be- longing,” to him and his heirs for ever, for a valuable sum of money ; Chichester “ being willing to parte with the said house rather than with any other parte of his estate, in regard it lay most remote from any parte of his dwellinge.” It also appears that the “ said house was much decayed and ruinous and still decayinge,” by reason that Chichester ‘‘ could not make his aboad there,” neither could he, from the opposi- sion of the feoffees, “set the same for a valuable rent.” Sir Samuel Smith, however, having obtained possession, “bestowed much money and cost in buildinge and repairinge the said house to his greate charge and expense,” but on his “agreeing and contraetmg with others to pass unto them a lease of the greatest part of the house,” the feoffees, desirous of obtaining it themselves, refused to ratify the agreement, to which, however, they were compelled to assent by a decree given “at the king’s courts, Dublin,” 12 June, 1627. In 1644, Arthur, eldest son of Edward viscount Chichester, unable longer to sup- port the royal cause in the North of Ireland, repaired to Dublin, where he joined the marquis of Ormond, was appointed a privy councillor, and, as a reward for his distinguished loyalty, received from Charles I. the title of earl of Donegal, in 1 647, in which year he was one of the hostages sent hy Ormond to the English parliament as surety for the delivery of Dublin. The first earl of Donegal died in 1674, having in 1668 granted an annuity to the University of Dublin for the establishment of a mathematical lecture, to be called “ the lecture and lecturer of the foundation of Arthur, earl of Donegal ; the lecturer to read the lectures every term, and privately to instruct all desirous to learn the mathematics, but more especially such as should be brought up in the school of Belfast, erected by him, wherein he made a provi- sion for poor scholars to be brought up in learning.” The present representative of this family is George Hamilton Chichester, earl of Belfast in the peerage of Ireland, baron Eisher- wick of Eisherwick, and baron of Eunishowen and Carrickfergus in the peerage of Great Britain. THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. horse given him ; and was, upon lord Caulfield’s resignation, made master of the ordnance. He had made no great gain by his employ- ments, and had but a moderate fortune. He was a good soldier, but understood nothing else: he was now grown old, unactive, and indolent ; and when he was made lord justice, he gave himself very little trouble about the exercise of his authority, leaving all to the management of his colleague, sir William Parsons, who being^ of an imperious and assuming temper, was willing enough to ease him- self of the burden ; so the government of these two lords justices in Ireland passed much like the consulship of Cmsar and Bibulus at Rome.” Oil the night of the 22nd October, 1641, Parsons, at his own house, received information from Owen O^Conolly, of the attempt intended to be made by the Irish to gain pos- session of the city on the following day, as narrated by the son of Justice Borlase : “At first, the lord Parsons gave little belief to the relation, in regard that it came from an obscure person, and one, as he conceived, somewhat distempered, at that time, with drink, delivering his story besides in so broken a manner, that it scarce seemed credible ; whereupon his lordship let him go, strictly charging him to return back the same evening with what further discoveries he could make. Yet in the interim, the lord Parsons being touched with the relation, repaired, about ten of the clock at night, to the lord Borlase, at Chichester-house, without the town, and disclosed to him what Owen O’Conally had imparted, which made so sensible an impres- sion on his colleague, as, the discoverer being let go, he grew infi- nitely concerned thereat, having none to punish if the story should prove false, or means to learn more, were it true. In the dis- turbance of which perplexity, Owen O’Conally comes, or, as others write, was brought, where the lords justices were then met, sensible that his discovery was not thoroughly believed, professing, ‘ that whatever he had acquainted the lord Parsons with, touching the conspiracy, was true ; and could he but repose himself, the effects of drink being still upon him, he should discover more.’ Where- upon he had the conveniency of a bed. In the interim, the lords justices summoned as many of the council as they could give notice to, to their assistance, that night, at Chichester-house. Sir Thomas Bother am, and sir Robert Meredith, chancellor of the exchequer, came immediately to them. They then, with all diligence, secured the gates of the city* with such as they could most confide in, and strengthened the warders of the castle, which were a few inconsi- derable men, with their foot guard usually attending their persons, charging the mayor and his brethren to be watchful of all persons that should walk the streets that night. However, many of the conspirators escaped over the river, or at least lay concealed in citi- * See the account of the proceedings of the lords justices, Irish Quarterly Review, No. VI. 295. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 5l/^ m zens houses, a receptacle too ready for most of them, and some of those who were brought before the lords justices and council, as James Warren, sir Phelim O’Neal’s servant, and Paul O’Neal, an active priest, though neither of them then were discovered to be such, found means to get away ; of which sir Phelim bragged of afterwards ; Paul O’Neal having been a prime instrument in the contrivance of the rebellion ; whilst Hugh Oge MacMahon, esq., grandson by his mother to the traytor, Tir Oen, a gentleman of good fortune in the county of Monaghan, who had served as a lieutenant-colonel in the king of Spain’s quarters, was, after some little resistance, apprehended before day in his own lodging over the water, near the Inns, and brought to Chichester -house, where, upon examination, he did, without much difficulty, confess the plot, resolutely telling them ‘ That on that very day, it was now about five in the morning, the 23rd of October, 1641, that all the forts and strong places in Ireland would be taken ; that he with the lord MacGuire, Hugh Birn, captain Brian O’Neal, and several other Irish gentlemen, were come up expressly to surprize the castle of Dublin ; and that twenty men out of each county of the kingdom were to be here to join with them. That all the lords and gentle- men in the kingdom, that were Papists, were engaged in this plot ; that what was that day to be done in other parts of the country, was so far advanced by that time, as it was impossible for the wit of man to prevent it.’ And withal told them, that it was true they had him in their power, and might use him how they pleased ; but he was sure he would be revenged. Before MacMahon was appre- hended, Owen O’Oonally having, on his repose, recovered himself, had his examination taken — In the interim, while Owen O’Conally was examining, MacMahon, walking in Chichester-hall, drew with chalk several postures, some on gibbets, others grovelling on the ground ; intimating how his fancy run on what was then acting, so little did he dread the event. The night being thus passed over, the lords justices removed themselves, for their better security* into the castle, where the body of the council attended them.” * An unpublished official manuscript, quoted in one of our former papers, contains the following report of a court martial, held in the castle of Dublin, on 24th March, 1651 ; “John Higginson, informant, Thomas Powell, Charles Baker, souldier, defendants: The defendants being accused for stealing of three barrels of malt out of the Pole mill, and thereof found guilty, it was decreed that Baker should be whipt two several days through the town, from Chichester-house to James’s gate, and receive fifty lashes eaclityme, in regard he was once punished before for a like offence ; and it was decreed that Powell should be whipt but once through the towne, at which tyme he is to receive fifitye lashes, it being his first offence.” The commander of the forces m Ireland, during the Protectorate, tells us, that “ Before my depar- ture (1659), the mayor and aldermen of Dublin, having formed the militia of that place, whereof both officers and soldiers had taken the engagement, they were desirous to give some publick expression of their affection to the commonwealth ; and to that end, on the day THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. m. After the Restoration, Chichester-house became the meeting place onhe"Trish parliament, which assembled there for the first time, on the ^th ^f Maj^ This event was hailed with joy by the citizens, who had severely felt the evils entailed on Dublin by the absenteeism consequent on the abolition of their parliament by Cromwell, the latter having brought over a few of his adherents to sit at London as Irish represen- tatives. This prejudicial union being now repealed, we are told that, consequently, " a mighty plenty of money was observed to grow in Ireland and a cotemporary statesman tells us that, in 1663, After two years attendance in England, upon the settlement of Ireland (there on the forge), by all persons and parties here that were considerably interested in it, the parliament being called here, and the main settlement of Ireland wound up in England, and put into the duke of Ormond’s hands, to pass here into an act, all per- sons came over in a shoal, either to attend to their^ own concern- ments in the main, or more particularly to make their court to the lord lieutenant, upon whom his majesty had, at that time, in a man- ner, wholly devolved the care and disposition of all affairs in this king- dom. This made a sudden and mighty stop of that issue of money, which had for two years run perpetually out of Ireland into England, and kept it all at home. Nor is the very expense of the duke of Ormond’s own great patrimonial estate, with that of several other families, that came over at that time, of small consideration in the stock of this kingdom.” An English historian informs us, that the splendour of I designed to embark, they drew their forces into the field, con- sisting of about twelve hundred foot, and one hundred and tw^ty horse, that I might view them, and report to the parliament their readiness to serve the publick. Accordingly, the commissioners, in their coaches, and I, with the officers of the army, on horseback, took a view of them as they were drawn up on the College-green, being all very well equipped, and drawn up in good order, and indeed so exact in the performance of their exercise, that one would have thought them to have been long in the service. Here they repeated their resolutions to serve the cause of God and their country, with the utmost of their endeavours, and promised to live and die with us in the assertion of our just rights and liberties. When they had finished their exercise, I took leave of each officer at the head of his respective company, and went that evening to my house at Moncktown, in order to imbark for Eng- land. The commissioners of the parliament did me the honour ta accompany me about half a mile out of town, and the officers of the army would have attended me to my house. But, because it was late I would not permit sir Hardress Waller and the rest of the officers to go further than half way.” THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. «2 Dublin at this period was a kind of epitome of what had been at London upon his majesty’s happy restoration.’^ No parliament assembled in Ireland from the 15th of April, 1663, to the 26th October, 1665; in the latter year the act of settlement was finally passed, which, in a most unjustifiable manner, confirmed the Cromwellian adventurers in the posses- sion, of 7,800,000 acres of land wrested from the Irish adherents of the Stuarts. A letter written from Dublin in December, 1666, says : « The small pox is much in this city, and fevers which seize upon several in the same house ; yet (God be praised) not many die, of the plague none, neither here, nor in any other parts of this king- dom. The grand bill of settlement is now upon the very point of concluding, wanting only one reading, which had been performed this day, had not the night prevented us, and therefore is adjourned till Monday, the 18th instant.” In the succeeding February the same authority informs us that the town is very full of people, by reason of the terme, parliament, and commissioners of claimes, yet ve are in a state of very good health.” The last Irish parliament which met during the reign of Charles II. terminated its sittings on the 7th of August, 1666, and Chichester-house, although originally used only as a temporary parliament house was finally taken by the crown for that purpose in the twenty- fifth year^' of the king’s reign. Of the assembling of the * In the above year, John Parry, bishop of Ossory, leased to sir Henry Forde, secretary to the lord lieutenant of Ireland, on tlie behalf of his maiesty and his successors, “all that part and so much of the messuages, houses, gardens, lands and tenements, called Chichester-house, as was there in his majesty’s possession, for the use of the two houses of parlia. ment ; which are expressed to be a large room, wherein the lords sat; two committee rooms for the lords on the same floor ; a stair-head room ; a robe room ; a wainscot room at the stair foot ; a conference room below stairs, wherein the commons sat ; a passage room leading to the com- mittee room, two committee rooms above stairs for the commons ; the speaker’s room ; two rooms below stairs for the sergeant at arras, three rooms adjoining for the clerk, two small cellars, a gate house next the street, containing flve small rooms, a court yard, with an entry through the house to the back yard, a stable yard, with a range ot old build- ings containing flve rooms, with a cole yard, a stable, and an house ot office ; a large garden, with an old banquetting house and house ot office ; and all other rooms in the said house then in his majesty s pos- session ; to have and to hold the same for the term of uinety-uine years, paying the rent of 22/. for the flrst six months, and for the next ensuing two years and six months the yearly rent of 105/., and for the residue of the said term the yearly rent of 180/.” Four years after this THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ws- first Irish parliament after the Ee volution, we have the fol- lowing contemporary notice : — Yesterday (October 5th, 1692,) being the day appointed for the meeting of the parliament, in the morning my lord was attend- ed at the castle by the lord chancellor, archbishops and bishops, m their white hahits, the members of the privy council, the judges in their robes, the officers in chancery, most of the peers, and many of the house of commons. About ten of the clock his excellency set out from the castle towards the parliament house : before his coach went the trumpets and kettle-drums, the pages, the yeom^ of the stirrup, the gentlemen at large, the three pursuivants, the chaplains, the steward and comptroller of the house, the heralds at arms, the sergeants at arms, the gentlemen-ushers, and then the king at arms. After his coach went the horse guards, and the nobility with several coaches and six horses, the way being lined on both sides from the castle to the parliament-house with foot._ When his excellency came to the parliament-house, he went immediately into the robing- room, after which the house proceeded according to the accustomed manner. The bishop of Kildare, being the youngest bishop, read prayers ; the lord chancellor and the rest of the lords which were in by descent or had sat before ; the archbishops and bishops took the oaths and subscribed the declaration ; and after them the inferior officers of the house. The lord chancellor being made acquainted that there were several lords who desired to be introduced, he appointed two of the eldest peers (which were the lords Ely and Massereene) to bring them into the lords house : the lords who were introduced date, William Robinson, esq., was granted by the king the out ground and gardens belonging to the said house, “ except a terras- walk at the East end of the said house, twenty-five feet broad, and a terras- walk on the south side of the said house twenty feet broad, and a back yard forty feet deep,” at the yearly rent of H. provided that no building was erected on any of the said places, and that he should keep the house in repair and pay all taxes for gaol, hospital, and poor, and other usual payments payable thereout. The office of keeper of the parliament house was instituted in the reign of Charles 11. ; the preamble of the patent, dated Dublin, 2nd June, 1677, states: “Whereas, William Robinson, esq., superintendent general of our fortifications and buildings in Ireland, hath of his humble petition besought us, that whereas Chichester-house, taken by us for the use of our parliament, being uninhabited during the intervals of parlia- ment, doth much decay, and the reparations, being incumbent on us, are now grown very chargeable, we would be pleased to grant him a lease of the out grounds and gardens belonging to the said house for 90 years, from 26th March, 1677, under some acknowledgment of rent payable thereout to us ; and also to have the keeping of the said house in the intervals of parliament, during his life, upon which account he will be obliged to all reparations at his own charge during the said term.’’ Whereupon his majesty granted the keepership of the said house in the intervals of parliament to the said William Robinson, esq., knight. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. were the lord Longford, lord Blessington, lord Sherbour, and the lord Coningesby, one by one, before whom went the king at arms and the usher of the black rod ; each as he came in delivered his patent and writ of summons on his knees to the speaker, which he caused to be read by one of the clerks ; and being allowed of, he took his seat ; which being all done, my lord lieutenant entered the house in his robes : before him went his gentlemen, the two white staves, the black rod, the two heralds, the cap of maintenance carried by my lord Donegal, the sword by the earl of Meath ; the train was held up by three noblemen’s sons, who were the earl of Drogheda’s son, Mr. Boyle, my lord Clifford’s son, and the lord Santry’s son. His excellency being seated in the throne, my lord chancellor standing on his right hand, ordered the black rod to go to the house of commons, and acquaint them that his excellency commanded them to attend at the bar of the house of lords. After they were come up, his excellency made a speech to them, and then my lord chancellor directed them to return and chuse their speaker. My lord lieutenant being returned from his robe-room, the lord chancellor adjourned the house to Friday, ten of the clock, at which time the commons were to present their speaker to his e:^ellency. The house of commons being returned and sat, an honorable mem- ber of the house, being one of the privy council, moved and put the house in mind, that sir Richard Levinge, their majesties’ solicitor- general, would be a fit person to supply the chair : and the question being put by the clerk, by direction of the house, it was resolved that sir Richard Levinge, knight, their majesties’ solicitor-general, be speaker of this house ; and thereupon Mr. Speaker was cond^ucted to the chair, and placed therein by two of the members, one whereot was the person who first moved for the question. The speaker afterwards, standing up, gave the house thanks for the honor they had done him, excusing his inability _ for so great an undertaking and trust, promising, nevertheless, his utmost endeavours to serve their majesties and this country, and hoped this house would assist and support him therein. Mr. Speaker being seated, a motion was made for the reading a late act of parliament made in England in the third year of their majesties reign, intituled an act for the abro- gating the oath of supremacy in Ireland, and appointing other oaths. Upon reading whereof, the house proceeded to the swearing their members then present in the house. And they being sworn, the house adjourned until Friday morning at eight a clock, in order to attend his excellency the lord lieutenant,* and present their speaker to him, according to his excellency’s command.” * The ceremonies of passing bills in the Irish parliament were as follow: The lord lieutenant, arrayed in royal robes, entered the house in state, accompanied by two earls bearing the sword of state and the cap of maintenance ; three noblemen s sons support- ing the train of his robe. After making a conge to the throne he ascended and took his seat in the chair of state under the canopy ; all the lords spiritual and temporal standing robed in their places and uncovered, till they took their seats. The lord chan- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. This parliament sat only till the third of the following No- vember, when it was prorogued by lord Sydney for having rejected a money bill originated in the English privy council, a proceeding which resulted rather from irritation at the king’s discountenancing the violation of the treaty of Limerick, than from any constitutional motives on the part of the ascendancy faction. The establishment of the linen manufacture, and the strengthening the Protestant interest,^^ by the enactment of penal laws, chiefly occupied the attention of the Irish parlia- ments* * subsequent to the Eevolution. On the 22nd of Ee- cellor, kneeling, conferred with the viceroy, and then, standing on the right hand of the chair of state, commanded the gentleman usher of the black rod to acquaint the house of commons that it was his ex- cellency’s pleasure that they should attend him immediately in the house of peers. The commons, with their speaker, having arrived, were conducted to the bar, where the speaker, after an oration, read the titles of the bills prepared to be presented for the royal assent. The bills were then delivered at the bar by the speaker to the clerk of the parliaments, who brought them to the table, where the clerk of the crown having read their titles, the clerk of the parliaments pronounced the royal assent severally in these words : “Le roy remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult.’’ When the bills were not money bills the assent was given by the words ; “ Le roy le veult,” or “Soit fait comme il est desir4.” The lord lieutenant then withdrew, in the same order as he had entered, and the commons hav- ing returned to their house, the lords retired to unrobe, after which the sitting was either adjourned or resumed. The delivery of the royal assent in a foreign language was one of the vestiges of the French con- quest of England in the eleventh century. * In the year 1700, the lands of the Irish adherents of James II. were sold by public auction, or “cant,” at Chichester-house. From these forfeitures, amounting to upwards of one million of acres, large grants had been made by William III. to the foreign officers who had served under him in his Irish wars. An act of re- sumption, however, replaced them in the hands of the parliament, and when sold they were so much deteriorated in value, by em- bezzlement and malversation, that the sum they produced was compara- tively small ; the greater part of the estates of the Irish Jacobites, instead of having been applied to reduce the enormous expenses of the Williamite wars, thus served only to aggrandize and enrich a number of adventurers. The manner in which the schemes of the latter were carried out is partially exhibited in the following passages from the report of the commissioners : “ And here we may take notice, that the forfeitures in general, notwithstanding they appear to be so consider- able, have been rather a charge than a profit to his majesty ; which might seem very extraordinary if we did not acquaint your honours, that many obscure men that had little or nothing since the reduction of Ireland, are now reputed masters of considerable estates, and some of them very great ones ; nor does there appear any visible cause of their THE IllISTI QUARTERLY REVIEW. bruary, 1703, sir Theobald Butler, counsellor Malone, and sir Stephen Rice, the two former in their gowns, as counsel for the petitioners in general, and the latter without a gown, as a petitioner, in his private capcity, together with many others, ap- peared at the bar of the house of commons, where they vainly ap- pealed against the infringement of the treaty of Limerick, by the enactment of the first bill to prevent the further growth of popery.^' Their appeal at the bar of the house of lords, six days afterwards, was attended with no better success, and the Irish Catholics regretted, too late, having laid down their arms on the faith of a treaty, which, although solemnly guaranteed under the great seal of England, was observed no longer than suited the purposes of the stronger party. In 1709, it was found necessary to expend a considerable sum in repairing Chichester-house, and we are told that al- though several parts of the interior were in such order as that they might last a considerable time, yet they appeared by no means fit to continue in the condition they were in for the parliament, the floors being very uneven, and patched m acauirins such sudden riches, but by fishing in these forfeitures ; indeed the whole management has been so intricate, as it were designed to be Rent a mystery; which has proved sufficiently advantageous to these men though much to his majesty’s detriment, who, by this means, his been deceived in the value of his grants, and in many cases has given much more than he intended. There is nothing sepis to us to have contributed more to it than the letting of the forfeited lands by cant in the city of Dublin, and not in the several counties of this king- dom for, by that means, very few persons would come to town at a areat chlrge, and neglect of their affairs, when they were sure to be Ltbid by the agents to great men, who aimed only to get into possession, and had interest enough afterwards to have all or most part of the rents remitted. Upon this consideration Mr. Attorney general and Mr. Wm. Ponnolly esq., canted lands in the county of Kilkenny, worth about 200/ per annum, to more than 20,000/. per annum. So that private uerson^s who had no interest, found it in vain to contend ; besides they were overawed by the authority often of those that bid against them ; which weighs much in this country. By these methods, when others were driven off the stage, they took the lands at their own rates ; often- times, as we conceive, agreeing not to bid one against another: particu- lar! v the honourable Thomas Broderick, esq., and the said William Connolly, who took vast quantities of lands and m a great measure governed the cants, (few persons daring to bid against them) acted m lartnership in all they took in the year 1695, and ever since ; and let it Serwards^o under tenants at greater rents: which is the more obsera- ble in Mr. Broderick, who then was a priyy-counsellor, and appointed by the lord Capell to inspect the cants, having been informed they were nfanaged much to his majesty’s disadvantage. The claims of the various parties interested in these estates began to be heaid by t e THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 223 many places, and the windows and ceilings very unbecoming The most important event in the early history of the Irish par- liament was the termination, in 1719, of the legal dispute between the English and Irish houses of lords, by the enact- John esq., James Thomas Har- trustees trustees in September, 1700, and the sittings concluded in 1702. The particulars of these proceedings are preserved in a large volume, ot Jbd pages, printed in 1701, and entitled “ A list of the claims as are entered with the trustees at Chichester -house on College-green, Dublin, on or before the tenth of August, 1700.” During the latter part of the period appointed for the registry of the claims, the crowds attending at Chichester-house were very great ; and on one day alone, upwards ot three hundred petitions were presented. The sales terminated on Jdrd June 1703; the auction bills were printed on very large sheets ot paper under the following heads Late proprietors' names and nature ot their estates ; denominations; number of acres Irish measure , yearly rents 1702 ; real value per annum ; neat value to be set up at ; ten - ants’ names ; quality of the land, &c. ; estate or interest claimed or allowed.” A collection of these bills, containing the names of the pur- chasers and the amounts realized by the various lots, was made by the late Austin Cooper, and bound in a very large volume with the following title: “A book of postings and sale of the forfeited and other estates in Ireland, vested in the honorable sir Cyril Wich, knt, Francis Annesley, esq., James Hamilton, esq., John Baggs, esq Trenchard, esq., John Isham, esq., Henry Langford Hooper, esq., John Cary, gnt., sir Henry Shere, knt., rison, esq., William Fellowes, esq., Thomas Rawlins, esq ^ nominated and appointed by act of parliament made in England in the eleventh and twelfth years of the reign of king William the third, in- tituled an act for granting an aid to his majesty by the sale of the forfeited and other estates and interests in Ireland, and^by a land tax in England, for the several purposes therein mentioned. None of our writers appear to have been aware that a scheme was set on foot in Dublin, in 1700, to form a joint stock company, with a capital of five hundred thousand pounds to purchase the Irish torteit- ed estates. In September 1700, we find that signatures to the amount of £300,000 had been obtained for this purpose, and it was proposed to procure a patent for the company under the great seal. The project, however, does not appear to have been carried out. ^ ^ * From an ofiGlcial document of the year 1709, we find that the roof i of Chichester-house was 110 feet square, that the house had eight stacks [ of chimneys, and that there were five windows in the roof of the house i of commons. It also appeared, that the banquetting house had then ; fallen to the ground. “ I remember,” says a writer in 1792, ‘‘ to [ have heard from a clerk of , the house of lords, Mr. Hawker, that Chi- | chester-house was very inconvenient. I cannot help, however, lament- \ ing that a map of the dispositions of the a partm ents and grounds of ‘ Chichester-diouse, which, abourf\renty years ago, was hung up in the house of commons’' coffee-house, was unacountably lost.” . In 1703, William Spry was committed to the custody of the usher of the black ’rod, for coming into the house of lords during the sitting, and listening to the debates. In 1707 it was resolved, ‘‘that for the future this house will strictly observe the standing rules of this house, 3 B THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW . £ 2 ^ m ment of the declaratory statute of George T., unconstitutionally establishing the power of the British parliament to make laws binding the kingdom and people of Ireland. The age and decay of Chichester-house demanding the serious attention of its occupants, a committee was appointed in 1723, to report on the condition of the building, and to estimate for the erection of a new house. Nothing was however done with regard to such an undertaking, until 1727, when it was found that the out- walls overhung dangerously in seve- ral places, the wall-plates and bottoms of the rafters were so rotten that, but for timely repairs, the roof must have fallen ; and, as it appeared impracticable to put the old building in a condition to stand for any length of time, it was reported, on the 10th of January, 1728, that the ere ction o f a uew ho use was'lE^ThTelfh^es'iary^^^ having^een commumcaferto the committee of supply,^’ the latter, on the succeeding day, resolved, that “ it is the opinion of this committee, that a sum of £6000 be granted towards providing materials and and suffer no person whatsoever to be in the house during their ^et^ates, hut such as have aright thereto;” and in 1711 it was ordered, that none hut lords, and those who are obliged to attend, be admitted to he in the house at the time of their debates. In \715, ^e lords made a standing order to admit the eldest sons of peers to hear the debates of the house. ^In December, 1713, the commons ordered that the sergeant at arms attending this house, do acquaint all the housekeepers adjoining the narliament house, that they do not suffer any person whatsoever to go ?nto the upper parts, or on the leads or roofs of their bouses, on the pain of incurring the high displeasure of this bouse. The follow- ing improvements in the house of lords were adopted m 1715:- - That for the present, by shortening the viscounts benches to seven feet each, and by removing the entrance near the barons benches more towards the middle of the house, room may be gam- ed for a third bench for the barons. That upon a recess, the chim- ney on the right hand as we go in, may be shut up, and a new ihfmney made on the other side. That the lords’ committee room be hung and matted, and the chimney enlarged ; also the table and benches lengthened. That application be made to the justices, th^ a .afe and convenient ofdce L allotted in the castle of Dublin, for the keeping of the parliamentary records and books. That the Par of the clerk assistant’s office, and of the committee clerk s office, be closed to the ceiling, for the better securing their papers ; ^nd that alphabets lie made for^each of their offices.” The lords ordered m 1721 that the constables and the messengers attending this house, do now, and upim 'all occasions, prohibit the hackney coachmen, with their coaches, from coming to the door of the parliament house.” Obnoxious pamphlets or 1 books reflecting on the parliamentary proceedings, were iisuahy ordered to be burned by the common hangman, at noon, at the gate of the parliament house. THE STREETS OP DUBLIN. 2 - 2 ^" Tre building a new parliament house^’ ; and on the same day, it was ordered. That Dr. Trotter, Mr. Burton, &c. or any five or more of them, be appointed a committee, to meet to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock, in the speaker’s chamber, to consider of the building of a new parliament house, and that they report their proceedings, with their opinion thereupon, to the house, and that all members who come to the said committee are to have voices. Ordered, that it be an instruction to the said committee to receive proposals and plans for building such new parliament house, and to enquire what title the crown has to the ground whereon the present parliament house stands.’’ On the 30 tli of the ensuing April, this committee delivered their report, together with the following resolutions : “ Resolved, that it is the opinion of this committee, that the ground whereon the parliament-house now stands, with what is further proposed to be granted by the right honourable Mr. Parry, is the most convenient place to erect a new parliament house on. Resolved, that it is the opinion of this committee, that the plan marked No. 3, is a proper plan for the building of the said parliament house. To which resolutions, the question being severally put, the house did agree. Ordered, that such members of this house as are of his majesty’s most honourable privy council, do lay before his excellency the lord lieutenant the said report, resolutions, and plan, in order that a new parliament house may be built, and humbly desire his excel- lency will be pleased to direct the building thereof. Ordered, that Thomas Burgh,* esq., his majesty’s surveyor-general, be desired to prepare, and lay before his excellency the lord lieutenant, a plan * Thomas Burgh held the office of director-general and overseer of fortifications and buildings,’’ from 1700 to 1730, when he was succeeded by sir Edward Lovet Pearce, member for Ratoath, who died in 1732. In all the official documents, Pearce appears as the architect and director of the building of the parliament house; and in 1731, the house of lords unanimously resolved, that captain Edward Lovet Pearce, surveyor-general of his majesty’s works, “ has shown true ability, skill, and good workmanship, in the building of the parliament house, and hath executed his oflBce with great fidelity, care, and diligence.” It was, however, currently reported at the time, that Pearce had obtained the plan from Richard Castles, the architect of Leinster-house and other elegant buildings. The sole published authority for this statement is a work printed, for private circulation, in 1747, the writer of which admits that Pearce had incurred his enmity by opposing him in a law suit, and describes the surveyor-general in the following unflattering terms: “Eques auratus, qui et architectus regius : architectus, si ad sedes, quas extruxerat, spectes, imperitus ; si ad scelera, peritissimus. Miles etiam, et capitanei titulo insignitus est : sed et rei militaris et virtutis omnis expers. Mcechus autem fuit strenuus ; ac stipendia in eo bello meruit, nequaquam laborans de jetate contubernalis Alieni “my THE nilSH QUARTEELY REVIEW. for building a new parliament house, according to the said ground now resolved to be the most convenient for that purpose. The arrangements having been finally concluded, Chiches- ter-house was demolished, in December, 1728, and the .first stone of the new building was laid on the Srd^of the following February, as described by a contemporary : ^ « On Monday last was performed the ceremony of laying the first stone of our house of parliament, on College^green ; it was begun by the assemblage of our lords justices and nobility, attended by the king-at-arms, serjeant-at-arms, &c., the overseer , o btain Pierce, and the master builder and workmen, and great crowdi^pecta- tors When the stone was to be settled in the foundation (being a large hewn, white stone, with a cavity cut in the body as a box, to L filled by another of a smaller size, with gutters for binding together,) the prop which kept it from its bed was taken away by our lord primate, who left a sum of gold thereon ; and then it was settled by our lords justices, assisted by the king-at-arms, who at certain intervals, waved his handkerchief for the state musick to play : when this was over, there was put into the cavity a large silver plate, with a Latin enscription* of the date of the year, kn^gs ?eign, names of the lords justices, &c., and the inventor of the model, and master workmen belonging to the structure, and what- ever was thought further proper for a memorandum, whenever it J I' appetens et profusus mutuum argentum rogarit undique ! ® erat. Cum nusquam inveniret mutuum, yim armorum adhibuit, et de bonis extraneorum praedatus est.— Castellus sive Castles fuit archi- tecton cuius consilio, studio et labore nixus Perseus adificavit sena- culum’Dubliniense. Postea vero, cum amplissiinis et mdebitis proemiis a senatu donatus sit, pactam, mercedem Castello denegavit. “ Quis, bene qui novit Persei insidiasque dolosque, Temperetasatyra? regis sejactat in aula; Ineenioque opifex alieno vivere doctus, Ouas non edidicit, sibi Perseus arrogat artes : Cui res, et titulus, cui crevit fama labore Pauperis, heu ! Castelli ; ac dum bis mille senatus Decernit, digno quota pars donatur amico, Omnia quse fecit, solusque meretur honorern . Sic VOS non vobis.” In Dr. Delanr’s poem, entitled the “ Pheasant and the lark,” pub- lished in 1730, we find a complimentary allusion to Pearce s skill on architecture ; the sum paid him for “ the pains he had taken m car- rying on the building of the parliament house, wa.« two thousand pounds; and after his death the works were finished under the super, intendence of his successor, Arthur Dobbs, who is said a so to have been assisted by Castles. The paucity of documents and the want of creditable contemporary evidence has rendered those points very oh- Bcure. * This inscription, which is not to be found in any of our local his- tories, is as follows : — td, rTZ 2 THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. m should be found, to give an account to posterity of that work. With the plate were put medals of silver and gold, and several^ of our king’s and queen’s, particularly his late and their present ties, which were all closed up by the small stone, and then bound down with iron bars, so as properly to secure it being opened, till future time shall require it for a discovery of the contents. The building having been carried on with considerable ex- pedition, the new house was ^ fit for the reception of the members in 17 ^ 1 , in whicb. year the first session of parlia- ment was opened in it by the duke of Dorset, on Tuesday, the fifth of October. An English artist of the last century has left us the following description of the edifice as it origi- nally stood : “The parliament house of Ireland is, notwithstanding the several fine pieces of architecture since recently raised, the noblest struc- ture Dublin has to boast ; and it is no hyperbole to advance, that this edifice in the entire, is the grandest, most convenient, and most extensive of the kind in Europe. The portico is without any of the usual architectural decorations, having neither statue, vase, bass- relief, tablet, sculptured key-stone, or sunk pannel to enrich it ; it derives all its beauty from a simple impulse of fine art ; and is one of the few instances of form only, expressing true symmetry. It has been with many the subject of consideration, whether it could not have been rendered still more pleasing had the dado of the pedestal, above the intablature, been perforated, and balusters placed in the openings ; but those of the best taste have been decidedly of opinion it is best, as the architect has put it out of his hands. This noble structure is situated on College-green, is placed nearly at right angles with the West front of the college; and the contiguity of two such structures, gives a grandeur of scene that would do honour to the first city in Europe. The inside of this admirable building corresponds in every respect with the majesty of its external ap- pearance. The middle door, under the portico, leads directly into the commons house, passing through a great hall, called the court ofrequests, where people assemble during the sittings of parliament, sometimes large deputations of them with, and attending petitions before the house. The com mons room ys truly_^deserving of admi- ration. Its form As" circular, 55' feel in diameter, inscribed in a square. The seats whef^iT the members sit, are disposed around the centre of the room in concentric circles, one rising above “ Serenissimus et potentissimus rex Georgius secundus, per excellent doniinum Joannem, dominum Carteret et baron de Hawnes locum tenentem, et per excellent dominos, Hugonem, archiep Armachan, Thomam W’’indham, cancell, Guliel Connolly, dom com prolocut, justiciarios generales, primum hujusce domus parliamen lapi- dem posuit, tertio die Februarii, MUCCXXYIII.’' We have now before us an unique copy of a poetical broadside, en- titled “ The speech of the first stone laid in the parliament house to the government, February 3d, 1728-9,” by Henry Nelson. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 2 IS another. About 1 5 feet above the level of the floor, on a cylindrical basement, are disposed 16 Corinthian columns supporting a rich hemispherical dome,* which crowns the whole. A narrow gallery, for the public, about five feet broad, with very convenient seats, is fitted up, with a balustrade in front between the pillars. The ap- pearance of the house assembled below, from_ the gallery, corres- ponds with its importance, and presents a dignity that must be seen to be felt ; the strength of the orators’ eloquence receives additional force from the construction of the p’ace, and the vibration in the dome. All around the commons’ room is a beautiful corridore, which communicates by three doors into the house ; and to all the apartments attendant thereon, which are conveniently disp^ed about, committee rooms, rooms for clerks, cotfee rooms, &c. 1 he house of lords is situated to the right of the commons, and is also a noble apartment ; the body is forty feet long by thirty feet wide, in addition to which at the upper end, is a circular recess 13 feet deep, like a large niche, wherein the throne is placed, under a rich canopy of crimson velvet ; and at the lower end is the bar, 20 feet square. The room is ornamented at each end, with Corinthian columns with niches between. The entablature of the order goes round the room, which is covered with a rich trunk ceiling. On the two long sides of the room, are two large pieces of tapestry, now rather decayed ; 1 * The original dome, which was destroyed by fire in 1792, acquired from its shape the name of “ the goose pye,” an appellation usually applied to 'the parliament hduTr£mdTtmemer¥T)y the satirists of the last century. Swift’s “Character, panegyric, and description of the legion^ club was published in 1736, when its author was exasperated at an inroad made by the parliament on the revenues of the clergy : “ As I stroll the city, oft I See a building large and lofty. Not a bow-shot from the college; Half the globe from sense and knowledge ; By the prudent architect. Placed against the church direct. Making good my grandam’s jest, ‘ Near the church’— you know the rest.” The lords’ committee room in the parliament house was frequently lent to public bodies. In it the Royal Dublin Society, noticed in our last paper, previous to obtaining possession of Shaw s court, held their meetings on every Thursday, except during the long vacation. Ex- periments relative to agricultural machinery were made here under their superintendence ; their machines and models were deposited in the vaults, and the society’s agricultural museum at the parliament house was open to the public on Mondays and Thursdays, from 12 till 2 p.m. The lords’ committee room was also used for the meetings of the Incorpo- rated Society for promoting English Protestant schools in Ireland ; and the “ Physico historical Society,” founded in 1748, “to make inquiries into the natural and civil history of the kingdom,” used to meet there on the first Monday of every month. The Society for the relief of Pro- testant strangers (1754) also met there ; ipward^ the mMdl^^tlie last century, book auctions were frequentl^eld in^e c^ee room of theliouse of lords. THE STEEETS OF DUBLIN. ■m' one represents the famous battle of the Boyne, and the other, that of Aughrim :* they were executed by a Dutch artist, and are esteemed very fine. Here again, the house assembled, from below the bar a high scene of picturesque grandeur is presented ; and the viceroy, on the throne, appears with more splendour than his majesty him- self on the throne of England.” * This is incorrect ; the tapestry was manufactured in Dublin, and the second piece represents the siege of Derry, not the battle of Aughrim. In 1727, Robert Baillie, upholsterer, who had “ at great expense, brought into this kingdom from Great Britain, France, and Flanders, a sufficient number of exceeding good tapestry weavers, who since their arrival had made several suits of tapestry, exoelling any that had yet been imported into this kingdom,” offered his services to the house 01 lords “for perpetuating the particulars of the late glorious revolution, and the remarkable incidents in the wars of Ireland, by preparing of tapestry for such parts of the house of lords as shall be thought proper, containing their history.” Baillie’s proposals, as follow, were accepted by the lords in February, 1727: “The said Mr. Baillie con- ceives there will be five or six pieces of tapestry wanting for the house of lords, in the new parliament house, and proposes to represent in the said work the the following great actions, viz. The valiant defence 01 Londonderry, from the opening of the trenches to the raising the siege, by the arrival of the English army. The landing of king William and his army at Carrickfergus. The third piece to represent the glormus battle and victory of the Boyne, with the rout of the Irish army, i he fourth piece to represent the splendid and joyful entry of king Willmm into Dublin. The fifth piece to represent the battle of Aughrim. J-ho sixth piece, the taking of Cork and Kinsale by the late victorious duke of Marlborough. The said Mr. Baillie further proposes to work in the said hangings the effigies of the late glorious king William, dukes 01 Marlborough and Schomberg, and general Ginckle, with any other 01 the lords who were instruments in the late happy revolution, who ■mil please to furnish their pictures after the life, for that purpose. He further proposes to make the said hangings equal in goodness and fane- ness with Alexander’s battles, or those of the late duke of M^lbo- rough, which were never sold for less than three guineas English per ell, and proposes to sell his at three pounds sterling per ell, and also to furnish the drawings, which will be a considerable part of the expenc^ and adorn the whole with a suitable border of trophies of war and victory, with expressive mottos to each piece ; and will oblige himself to finish the same in less than four years, from the time of contract- ing : and the said Baillie humbly conceives the above-mentioned great events will be as suitable for the house of lords of Ireland, as the de- feat of the Spanish Armada is for that of Great Britain. All which he humbly submits to your lordship’s great wisdom. And as the said works are to be the intire produce and manufacture of this kingdom, and proposer has already been at a considerable expense in bringing artists over, to prevent the money from going abroad, humbly hopes for a suitable encouragement.” Two pieces, however, were only execu- ted, and the lords presented Baillie with a gratuity of t'wo hundred pounds as an equivalent for the loss he sustained by not making the six pieces they had contracted for. The tapestry was set up in the house of lords on the 13th of September, 1733, and was then considered equal to that THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. tm Much as we may lament the want of an history of the Irish parliaments, such a work would obviously exceed our pre- scribed limits, we must therefore be satisfied to confine our- selves to the description of some of the more important events of which the magnificent edifice, now under consider- ation, has been the scene. The first trial held in the Irish parliament house was that of Henry, fourth lord Santry, who, in 1739, was indicted for having killed a man, at Palmerstown, in the previous year. The twenty-seventh of April having been appointed for the trial, between six and seven a. m., a regiment of infantry took up its station on College-green, and at seven oAlock the com- pany of battle-axe guards lined the avenues leading to the parliament house, the city constables attending to preserve the peace. At half-past seven, the prisoner, then in his twenty-ninth year, w^as conducted, in a hackney coach, from gaol by the high sheriffs of the city, to the house of commons, which had been magnificently fitted up for the occasion ; and at ten oAlock, Thomas, lord Wyndham, chancellor of Ireland, constituted high steward, by royal commission, proceeded from his residence in Stephen’s-green, to the parliament house. The following circumstantial account of the trial is now published for the first time, from a contemporary manuscript : « On the morning of the trial, the judges in their scarlet robes, together with the king of arms, the gentleman usher of the black rod, and the serjeant-at-arms, assembled at the lord high steward’s house, to wait upon his grace, the king of arms being in his coat of arms, the gentleman usher of the black rod having the white staff, and the serjeant at arms having his mace. After a short stay, his grace the lord high steward went to his coach in the following order : His grace’s twelve gentlemen, two and two, bare-headed ; his ser- jeant-at-arms and seal -bearer, both bare-headed, the one with the mace, the other with the purse ; the gentleman usher of the black rod, with his grace the lord high steward’s white staff, and the king of arms on his right hand, both bare-headed ; then his grace the lord high steward, in his rich gown, with his train borne, followed by the chief justices and judges. His grace’s gentlemen first took their coaches, four in a coach, each coach having two horses. made at Brussels to commemorate Marlborough’s victories. Baillie, it appears, was obliged to make an alteration in the figure of William III,, according to the directions of the chancellor. After the Union these pieces of tapestry were taken down to be sent to England, but the re- presentations of Francis Johnston, founder of the Hibernian Academy, induced the bank directors to retain them. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ^ 3 / ‘m Then his grace the lord high steward took his coach, with six horses, seating himself on the hinder seat of the coach singly, the king ot arms*and the seal bearer sitting over against his grace, bare-headed, the black rod in the right-hand boot of the coach, with his grace s white staff; and his grace’s serjeant-at-arms in the left boot, with his mace. The judges took their coaches and followed bis grace. A messenger was sent a little before to acquaint the lords the tryers, who were assembled in a room near the place appointed loi the trial of the prisoner, that his grace was coming ; upon which they went and took their seats in the court. When his grace came to the gate where the court was held, he was met by four other ser- jeants, with their maces, and attended to his seat in the court in this order: His grace’s gentlemen, two and two ; the serjeants-at- arms, two and two ; his grace’s serjeant-at-arms, and seal bearer ; the black rod, and king at arms ; his grace the lord high steward, with his train borne, followed by the chief justices and judges, two and two. Then his grace proceeded, saluting the peers on each side, as he passed to a chair, under a cloth of state, placed upon an ascent of one step only, and having seated himself, the purse was laid on a stool a little before him on his right hand, and nis grace s serjeant-at-arms went with his mace to the lower end of the table. Then, his grace being in the chair, the lords tryers on fheir benches on each side, and the judges on their seats at the table, the king or arms and the seal bearer placed themselves on his grace s right hand, the black rod on his left, and the serjeant-at-arms and his gentlemen on each side of his grace, more backward. Then the clerk of the crown in the king’s bench, and the clerk of the crown in clmncery, having the king’s commission to his grace in his hand, both made three reverences to his grace, and at the third reverence, coming up before him, they both kneeled down ; and the clerk of the crown in chancery, on his knee, presented the commission to his grace, who delivered it to the clerk of the crown of the king s bench, who re- ceived it upon his knees, and then they, with three reverences, returned to the table. Then the clerk of the crown of the king s bench directed his grace’s serjeant-at-arms^ (after thrice crying oyez) to make proclamation of silence, while his majesty s commission to his grace the lord high steward was reading, which proclamation the clerk of the crown directed and the serjeant-at-arms made, with his mace on his shoulder; then the clerk of the crown of the king’s bench, opening the commission, read it, his grace and the lords standing up, uncovered, while it was reading. The commission being read, and his grace bowing to the peers, who returned the salute, and sitting down again, the king of arms, and the black rod, with three reverences, jointly presented the white staff, on their knee, to his grace, who, after a little time, redelivered the same to the usher of the black rod, to hold during the tryal. Then the king of arms returned to the right, and the usher of the black rod, hold- ing the white staff, to the left of his grace’s chair. And proclama- tion w’as made for all persons, except peers, privy counsellors, and the judges, to be uncovered. Then proclamation was made, that the person or persons to w’hom any writ or precept had been directed. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. for the certifying any indictment or record before the lord high steward, his grace, should certify and bring in the same forthwith, according to the tenor of the same writ and precept to them or any of them directed. Whereupon the writ of certiorari, with the pre- cept to the lord chief justice of the king’s bench, and the returns to the same were delivered in at the table, and read by the clerk of the crown of the king’s bench. Then proclamation was made for the person or persons in whose custody the prisoner was, to return to his or their writ and precept, together with the body of the prisoner, into court. Whereupon the sheriffs of the city of Dublin gave in the writ directed to them for bringing up the prisoner, to- gether with his grace’s precept and their returns to the same, which were read by the clerk of the crown of the king’s bench. Then they brought the prisoner to the bar, the ax being carried before him, and the person carrying the ax stood with it at the bar, on the right hand of the prisoner, turning the edge from him. The prisoner, at his approach to the bar, made three reverences, one to his grace the lord high steward, the others to the peers on each hand, and his grace and the peers returned the salute to him. Then the proclamation was made for the serjeant-at-arins to return his grace the lord high steward’s precept to him di- rected, together with the names of all the lords and noblemen of the realm, peers of the prisoner by him summoned forthwith The sergeant It arms having delivered in his precept and return at the table the same were read by the clerk of the crown. Then the clerk of the crown of the king’s bench directed the serjeant at arms to make proclamation for all earls, viscounts, and barons of the realm, peers of the prisoner, who by commandment of his grace the lord high steward were summoned to appear there that day and were present in court to answer to their names. Then the peers summoned were called over, and those who appeared, standing up uncovered, answered to their names, each making a reverence to his grace the lord high steward, and were : Robert, earl of Kildare. Henry, earl of Thomond. Alexander, earl of Antrim. James, earl of Roscommon. Chaworth, earl of Meath. Edward, earl of Drogheda. Hugh, earl of Mount- Alexander. John, earl of Grandison. Nicholas, viscount Netterville. Theobald, viscount Mayo. William, viscount Mountjoy. John, lo George, viscount Castlecomer. James, viscount Limerick. Marcus, viscount Tyrone. Brabazon, viscount Duncannon. Humphry, viscount Lanesborough. Francis, baron of Athenry. William,- baron of Howth. George, baron of Carberry. Charles, lord Tullamore. Thomas, lord Southwell William, lord Castledurrow. After this the peers triers took their places on the benches on each side according to their respectke degrees. Then . hiffh steward addressed himself to the prisoner, and the indictment having been read, Clerk of the crown : Is your lordship g“'>‘y not guilty ? Lord Santry ; Not guilty. Clerk of the crown : How THE STllEETS OF DUBLIN. ^33 will your lordship be tried? Lord Santry : By God and my peers. Then the lord high steward gave his charge to the peers.” A letter written from Dublin by Dr. Thomas Bundle, bishop of Derry, contains the following notice of this trial : ** Poor lord Santry was tried on Friday by his peers. I never beheld a sight so awful and majestic and dreadfully beautiful, in my life ; and nothing was ever performed with so much solemnity, silence, and dignity, before in any country. The finest room in Europe filled with the nobility and gentry of the whole kingdom and both sexes, the high steward, every one of the judges, the lords, the triers, and the noble prisoner, young and handsome, most decent in his behaviour, and with a becom- ing fortitude in his speaking, could not but compose the most afiPect- ing scene. All were so attentive, that silence was not once pro- claimed. The king’s counsel did admirably ; but Bowes had an opportunity to show himself to the highest advantage. I always thought him an admirable speaker ; but never imagined him half so great a man as I do at present, though I always loved and esteemed him. He did not use one severe word against the unhappy lord, nor omitted one severe observation that truth could dictate. I never heard, never read, so perfect a piece of eloquence. Its beauty arose from true simplicity and unaffected ornaments ; from the strength and light of his reason, the fairness and candour and good nature of his heart ; from the order and disposition of what he said, the elegance and fulness of his expressions, the shortness and propriety of his reflections, the music of his voice, and the grace- fulness of his elocution. They were all wonderful indeed ; and charmed even those who were concerned and grieved at his most masterly performance. But if they did well, I think the counsel for the prisoner acted detestably. They only prompted him to ask a few treacherous questions, and spoke not one word in his favour ; though I have the vanity almost to think I could have offered a point of law that would have bid fair to save him. When the twenty- three peers returned to give their opinion, their countenances astonished the whole house ; and all knew, from the horror of their eyes and the paleness of their looks, how they were agitated within before they answered the dread question — ‘ Guilty, upon my honour and he was so most certainly according to the law : nor could they perhaps have brought in their dreadful verdict otherwise. But if there was a court of equity to relieve against rigid law, it would in- terpose in this case. There is a court of equity ; that amiable prerogative is reserved to his majesty ; and he can relieve against such rigours as courts cannot, ought not, to be permitted to par- don ; and the lords the triers, are as unanimous in recommending him to mercy as they were to find him guilty. The whole town, who were once inveterate againt him, now are as solicitous to have him pardoned. If that wretch Bradford* had sent the poor fellow to * Bradford was the surgeon who prescribed for the wounded man ; the latter was described as follows by Robert Jocelyn, the attorney gene- THE imSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. either of the four hospitals, he would have been alive at this day ; and to his care he was entrusted by the lord as soon as he had wounded him ; but then he could have no demand on my lord for looking after him ; and to intitle himself to that, he seems on pur- pose to have neglected that certain cure for the poor creature, and detained him in a damp room to lodge on straw, without necessa- ries, as he himself swore and acknowledged ; from whence the wretch got that cold which killed him. Is not this equivalent to giving unwholesome medicines ? which, if a surgeon had done, would have saved the person who gave the stroke. A man wounded by another and nearly healed, eat cherries which injured the wound,^ made it burst out anew, and destroyed the man. Holt determined that these cherries were equivalent to an unwholesome medicine, and saved him. The damp air in which he was detained by the surgeon, instead of sending him to hospital, was as much the cause of the man’s death as the cherries of the other ; and he was at least in the equity of the case. But, poor man, his friends were infatuated with vain security ; he, deceived by his agent whom he trusted, betrayed by the overswearing of witnesses produced, without his knowledge, by his solicitor, deserted by his counsel, and first hated, now ral : “ Laughlin Murphy, the unfortunate man killed, was a person, who with a good deal of industry and difficulty maintained himself, a wife, and three small children, by being employed as a porter, and carrying letters and messages. — The day this unfortunate accident happened, continues the manuscript, “was tlie ninth of August, the fair day ot Palmer’s Town, the house a publick house, and as I am instructed, the door that leads into the house goes into a narrow passage upon the right hand, the passage leads to the chamber where the noble lord the prisoner at the bar was with his company on the left to the door of the kitchen, where the deceased was. It has been opened that the lord the prisoner at the bar had been drinking some time, my brief says, some hours. The company was gone, but there happened some words be- tween the noble lord the prisoner at the bar and one Humphrys, some thing more than words, for, according to my instructions, the noble lord the prisoner at the bar twice attempted to draw his sword, but could not do it. He was then in a passion and suddenly left the room ; and was going either out of doors, or to the kitchen. It was then he met this poor man in the passage and pushed him with his right hand and xnis pour lllMIl 111 tlic CA-iav* w , the deceased went on to the kitchen, whither the lord the prisoner fol- lowed him, and swore he would kill any man that should speak a Avord . nriiQ mtin sriokp. and the noble lord the prisoner at the bar, too THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. pitied, by all men. I never spoke to him in my life ; I am not ac- quainted with his uncle in the least ; I am not desired to represent his case favorably by any one ; but I speak the genuine dictates of my heart and my reason. No vulgar jury in either island would have condemned him ; but the peers know the law, and follow it with reverence and exactness. They are obliged to do justice accord- ing to law, let it be ever so severe. It is the king’s office and de- lightful prerogative only to show mercy ; may he do so now ! What a constitution do we live under, where the blood of the mean- est of all the king’s subjects shall be required from one of the highest ! But as this is the first instance of such a noble piece of justice in Ireland, I hope it will be made amiable, and mentioned in history with joy, by its having united to it mercy. I wish the king would banish him to some obscure island for ten years ; to Bermuda, for example ; and on that condition completely pardon him. His mother is inconsolable. He behaves since his condemn- ation in a manner which makes people speak of him with double pity. Even the poor in the streets weep for him. All their detes- tation is turned against Bradford; and deservedly. To him cer- tainly the death of one hath been owing ; and if the lord dies, to him also the other’s will be owing. His former character, it is con- fessed, was bad ; this will make him a new man. This will purge his heart from every folly ; a successful, though dreadful, medicine, if he survives it. He is humbled into reason, and talks mildly and with becoming fortitude, self-condemnation, resignation, and de- cency. This whole county, this whole city, will solicit for him.”* These representations, seconded by the dnke of Devonshire, then lord lieutenant, were successful— lord Santry received a reprieve from the king, which was followed by a full pardon. * Four years after lord Santry *s trial a similar scene was enacted in the parliament house, when Nicholas, fifth viscount Netterville, was indict* ed for the murder of Michael Walsh, in the county of Meath. At 8 a.m., on the third February, 1743, the lords assembled in their robes, and at nine the trial commenced. The following peers were pre- sent on this occasion — Robert, baron Newport, chancellor of Ireland and lord high steward, the earls of Kildare, Clanrickard, Antrim, Ros- common, Meath. Cavan, Drogheda, Mount Alexander, Ross, London- derry, Bessborough ; viscounts Vaientia, Mayo, Strangford, Ikerrin, Massarene, Mountjoy, Molesworth, Boyne, Allen, Lanesborough. The archbishops of Armagh, Dublin, and Tuam ; the bishops of Meath, Kildare, Limerick, Dromore, Cork, Elphin, Killala, Clonfert, Water- ford, Derry, Down, Ossory, Killaloe. Also lords Athenry, Kingsale, Blayney, Kingston, Tullamore, Southwell, Castle Durrow and Desart. “ After prayers had been read, William Hawkins.esq., deputy to Ulster king of arms of all Ireland, being permitted to come to the table, the house was called over by the clerk of the parliaments ; the said deputy king of arms marking such of the lords as were present in a list. Then the house, according to order, was adjourned into the court appointed for the trial of Nicholas lord vise. Netterville, whither the officers. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 23 ^ The first important constitutional question in the Irish par- liament, subsequent to the middle of the last century, arose in the year 1753 , relative to the power of the king to dispose nttPTidants peers’ sons, minor peers and lords, went in the order rpcted the deputy king of arms calling them in their due places by list When the lords were seated on their proper benches, an e high steward upon the woolpack, the house ^^s Resumed Th® cl™ o/the crown presented the commission, upon their hiffhLward. Then proclamation was made for silence; f^?Jhe lords Sding uncovered, the commission was read Which being ended of the house of lords, who being come and kneeling; Ins grace he ?ord hS tewaTd d lordshij to rise, and acqua nted him on havTng^bTeTgivino dieT^^^ to withdraw, the tnal proceeded, Nidiolas lord viscount NetterviUe is guilty of tire fetony^ murder, whereof he stands indicted, or not guilty ? Then the iorani„ breast, delivered his judgment: ‘ ^ig ri^ht hand m^honourTand then Idared, that their lordships were unanimously THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 237 of a surplus of revenue remaining in the exchequer of Ire- land. The government partizans, under primate Stone, were vigorously opposed by the patriots/’ headed by the marquis of Kildare, Henry Boyle, speaker of the commons, and Anthony Malone, all who adhered to the latter party being summarily expelled from public situations. ^^The speaker was adored by the mob ; they worshipped him under the name of Boger. They made bonfires of reproach before the door of the primate : they stopped coaches, and made them declare for England or Ireland. The hackney chairmen distinguished their patriotism by refusing to carry any fare to the castle. — Sir James Hamilton, a very indigent member, refused an offer from the castle of 2000/., and 200/. per an- num, for life. Satires and claret were successful arms, even againt corruption.” The obnoxious money bill was conse- quently rejected by a majority of five, notwithstanding which, the contested surplus was, by royal authority, removed to London. “ The question of 1753 was the beginning, in this country, of that constitutional spirit which asserted afterwards the privilege of the commons, and guarded and husbanded the essential right of a free constitution. The question was of its very essence; but the effect spread beyond the question, and the ability of the debate instructed the nation, and made her not only tenacious of her rights, but proud of her under- standing. There might have been party, there might have been faction, mixing with a great public principle ; so it was in the time of ship money ; so it was in the Bevolution. In these instances the private motive mixed with the public cause; of opinion, that my lord viscount Netterville is not guilty of the felony, treason and murder whereof he stands indicted. Then the lord viscount Netterville, being by order brought to the bar, the lord high steward let his lordship know, that he was indicted for the murder of Michael Walsh, and that he having put himself upon his peers for his trial, declared, that the peers by their judgment, had unanimously found him not guilty of the felony, treason and murder whereof he stood indicted ; and that therefore his lordship is discharged. And then the white-staff being delivered to his grace the lord high steward, he stood up, and holdingit in bothhis hands broke it in two, and then leaving the chair,came down to the wool-pack, and said, ‘ Is it your lordship’s pleasure to adjourn the house of peers?’ Which was agreed to by the house. The house being adjourned to the house of peers, the lords, and the attendants went back in the same order as they came.” 2.3^ the msH QUAllTEllLY REVIEW. but still it was tbe cause of the public and the cause ^ In 1759, considerable commotion was created in Dublin y the popular apprehension, that parliament conten^la e le enacUent of a legislative between Great Britaiy Ireland, a measure which, according to Boswell, artful po- liticians had often had in view. « Mr. Pitt had endeavoured to instil apprehensions of inva- sion into the Irish parliament ; at least, to encourage a spirit of pPSlSlii •Richard Rigby, favorite fn lieutenant, was afterwards , brutality” “ his passions tur- describes Rigby as ^^^cultivated”— and “ indulging in bulent and overweening 7 ^ a satire on profuse drinking.” Jumus telR us that all government. I" °;„“\^Xyou say have hands and zeal; I writes as follows: The Pro ^ the^ Protestants wlio have a Sl^Slan^gLuTtVbe trusted fidelity requires equal watching with the « 1 THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. m rose in all parts of Dublin/ and possessing themselves of the avenues of the parliament, seized on the members, and obliged them to take an oath to be true to their country, and to vote against an union. Many were worse treated. One Rowley, a rich Presbyterian, who had long opposed the administration, they seized and stripped, and were going to drown, from which they were with difficulty prevented. Lord Inchiquin, who was newly arrived from the country on pur- pose to oppose the rumoured union, was alike insulted. They pulled off his periwig and red riband, and put the oath to him. He had an impediment in his speech, and stuttering, they cried, ‘ Damn you, do you hesitate V But hearing that his name was O’Brien, their rage was turned into acclamations. They pulled the bishop of Killala out of his coach, as they did the lord chancellor Bowes, ob- liging him to take their oath ‘ but being seized with a droll scruple that their administering the oath did not give it legality, they stopped the chief justice, and made the chancellor renew the oath before him. Malone was so little in their favour, that though he had taken the oath, one of the ringleaders dipped his fist in the ken- nel before he would shake hands with him. They then went to the house of lords, where sir Thomas Pendergrass looking out, they pulled him forth by the nose, and rolled him in the kennel. In the house they found lord Farnham taking the oaths on the death of his father, instead of which they made him take theirs. There they committed the grossest and most filthy indecencies, placed an old woman on the throne, and sent for pipes and tobacco for her. They next went to the house of commons, and ordered the clerk to bring them the journals to burn. He obeyed ; but telling them they would destroy the only records of the glorious year 1755> they were con- tented to restore them. But their greatest fury was intended against Rigby, whom the duke of Bedford had lately made their master of the rolls. The office there is no post of business : still the choice of a man so little grave was not decent. The mob prepared a gallows, and were determined to hang Rigby on it ; but, fortunately, that morning he had gone out of town to ride, and received timely notice not to return. The duke of Bedford sent to the mayor to quell the tumult, but he excused himself on pretence of there being no riot act in Ireland. The privy council was then called together, who advised sending for a troop of horse. That was executed : the troopers were ordered not to fire ; but riding among the mob with their swords drawn, slashing and cutting, they at length dispersed the rioters, after putting to death fifteen or sixteen.” * ‘ ‘ Seditious papers had been printed ; two drummers, in the livery of the college, had commenced the uproar in the earl of Meath’s Liberties, telling the people, that if they did not rise by one o’clock, an act would be passed to abolish parliaments in Ireland. So small, too, was the dis- like to the then government, that one of the rioters skimming away lord Tavistock’s hat, his comrades gave him 200 lashes, saying, ‘ lord Tavis- tock had not offended them.’ ” This nobleman was the only son of the duke of Bedford, then lord lieutenant. 3 C 2^0 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. One of tlie first steps towards constitutional independence was made in 1768 by the enactment of the '^octennial bill/^ limit- ing to eight years the duration of the parliaments which had previously existed during the entire life-time of the reigning monarch. It was, however, impossible for Ireland to progress while her parliament continued subject to that of Great Bri- tain ; and while, as it was observed, the attorney-general of England, with a dash of his pen, could reverse, alter, or en- tirely do away the matured result of all the eloquence, and all the abilities of this whole assembly.^^ The jealous fear that Ireland “might become too great to be governed"' caused the English parliament, at every opportunity, to exert^ its power to destroy the trade and commerce of the neighbouring island. In the reign of Charles II. the exportation of Irish cattle was declared a nuisance. William III., on the petition of the English manufacturers, suppressed the wool trade, the great staple of Ireland ; and a work published during his reign, treating of the independence of the Irish parliament, was, in England, ordered to be burned by the common hangman. “ The glories of the Eevolution," said Bushe, “ would have been tarnished if the provincialist had been allowed to partake in them ; and the air of liberty would have been tainted, if the colonist had been allowed to breathe it." The war with America in the reign of George III., had, in a great measure, ruined the linen manufacture, while England at the same time imposed new taxes and laid on an embargo, prohib- iting Ireland to export provisions. The consequences were ruinous; the complaints of the sufferers w^ere treated with con- tumely, the government of Ireland became insolvent,* admitted its incapacity to protect its Irish subjects, and authorized them to arm themselves for common defence. The Yolunteers con- sequently sprung into existence. “ England was prostrate Ireland was, as far as depended upon England, defenceless ; as far as depended upon herself, invincible — there were scarcely regular troops enough in the country to mount the castle guard— 80,000 men bristled in arms— invasion was threatened and averted — the British sun seemed to have set the empire was dismembered — America had been dissevered— lord Corn- wallis's sword W' as left in the care of general Washington ; the * See the account of La Touche’s refusal to advance 20,OOOL to the Irish government at this period, Irish Quarterly Leview, JNo. vi. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. z-4/ combined fleets swept the channel, and frowned upon the coast.’’^ The spirit of the people* was now aroused ; on the 12th of October, 1779, the address for a free trade was carried in the house of commons, and brought up to the lord lieute- nant, at the castle, by the entire house. The streets were lined by the Yolunteers, commanded by the duke of Leinster ; they presented arms as the speaker and the members appeared and passed through their numerous ranks, amidst the joy and re- sounding applause of the delighted people, who thronged around from all quarters, enraptured at a sight so novel and so strange ; their parliament becoming popular , and their trade becoming free.'' The king returned a temporising answer, in consequence of which the supplies were at once stopped by an enormous majority in the house of commons, resolving that it would be inconvenient to grant new taxes." It was on this occasion that prime sergeant Burgh sacrificed all pros- pects of government promotion by his brilliant speech, which was vehemently applauded by the house and galleries : — ^^Talk not to me," exclaimed he, of peace ; Ireland is not in a state of peace ; it is smothered war. England has sown her laws like dragons' teeth, and they have sprung up in armed men." To Burgh, said Grattan, the gates of pro- motion were shut, as those of glory opened.’' These pro- ceedings, together with the non-importation and non-con- ♦ On the 15th of November, 1779, “ about eight thousand working ma- nufacfu^^K"^ mbstTy arrhed with swords and pistol s, assembled before the Tarllamenrhouie Th College green, an’d’m tlie streets leading thereto crying, ‘a short money bill! a free trade ! the rights of Ireland I’ stopped several members going to the house, and administered oaths to such as they suspected. A party went to the attorney-general’s house at Harcourt-place, but not meeting him at home, they broke a few of his windows and proceeded to the Four courts, after which they returned to the Parliament house. Some mischief being apprehended, a troop of horse was ordered to patrole the streets, and a party of Highlanders came to disperse the mob, but the latter remaining resolutely determined to keep their ground, the lord mayor perceiving that any forcible at- tempts to disperse them must be attended with fatal consequences, very prudently discharged the military, and mildly addressing the populace, remonstrated on the impropriety of their proceedings, and enjoined them to depart peaceably, as a more effectual mode to attain the end universally wished for. Several patriotic members of parliament, and other gentlemen, harangued them to the same effect, upon which they dispersed quietly.” Five hundred pounds were offered by the lord lieutenant, at the request of parliament, for the discovery of these rioters. The appearance of the Scotch troops on this occasion formed the subject of a song, not to be found in any collection, entitled, “ Did you see the Highlanders that day on College green?” ^ 4 , 1 - THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. sumption resolutions, universally entered into through the kingdom, had the desired effect — a free trade was extorted, but the minister, to allay British jealousy, declared, at the same time, that the concession was revocable. This statement proved that the freedom of the Irish legislature could alone guarantee the commercial rights of the country. The legisla- tive independence of Ireland was established at Dungannon on the I5th of Tebruary, 1782, and soon after confirmed in the Irish parliament. '' Ireland had sprung and vegetated under the foot that trampled her ;* her physical energies could not be kept down. Compression seemed to have given vigour to the efforts which she made to recover her natural dimensions, and at last she burst from her confinement, and became herself in the year 1782— this had been the result of the gradual but constant victories obtained by a resident parliament over the prejudices of a foreign one.^^ Early on the 16th of April 1782, the great street before the house of parliament was thronged by a multitude of people, of every class * “Eor centuries has the British nation and parliament kept you down, shackled your commerce, paralized your exertions, despised your character, and ridiculed your pretensions to any privileges commercial or constitutional. She never conceded a point to you which she ^uld avoid or granted a favour which was not reluctantly distilled. Ihey have been all wrung from her, like drops of her heart’s blood, and you are not in possession of a single blessing except those which you derive from God, that has not been either purchased or extorted by the virtue of vour own parliament from the illiberality of England.— Is nothing understood of an house of commons but that it is an engine for raiding money out of the pocket of the subject, and throwing it into ^le coffers of the crown? Take up any volume of your statutes upon that table, vou will find the municipal acts of parliament in the proportion of more than forty to one to the imperial: what has, within the memory ot nX men alive, changed the face of your land? What has covered a country of pasture with tillage? What has intersected an impassable country with roads? What has nearly connected by inland navigation the eastern channel with the western ocean ? A resident parliament— this is not theory— look at your statutes and your journals, and there is not one of those improvements which you cannot trace to some docu- ment of your own public spirit, now upon that table, and to no other source or cause under heaven ; can this be supplied m Westminster could a committee of this house make a road in Yorkshire ? no, nothing can supply a resident parliament watching over national improvement, seizing opportunities, encouraging manufacture, commerce, interval of Irish independence, observed, “ There is not a nation on the habitable globe, which has advanced m cultivation and commerce, m agriculture and manufactures, with the same rapidity in the same period. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 24^3 and of every description, though many hours must elapse before the house would meet, or business be proceeded on. As it was a cir- cumstance which seldom takes place on the eve of remarkable events, it becomes a proper subject of remark, that though more than many thousands of people, inflamed by the most ardent zeal, were assem- bled in a public street — without any guide, restraint, or control, save the example of the V olunteers— not the slightest appearance of tumult was observable ;-^^n tKe contrary, such perfect order pre- vailed, that not even an angry word or offensive expression escaped their lips. Nothing could more completely prove the good disposi- tion of the Dublin populace, than this correctness of demeanour, at a time when they had been taught — that the very existence of their trade and manufactures — and, consequently, the future subsistence of themselves and their families, was to be decided by the conduct of their representatives that very evening; and it was gratify- ing to see that those who were supposed^ or even proved to have been their decided enemies, were permitted to pass through this immense assemblage, without receiving the slightest token of incivility, and with the same ease as those who were known to be their determined friends. The parliament had been summoned to attend this momentous question, by an unusual and special call of the house ; and by four o’clock a full meeting took place. The body of the house of commons was crowded with its members — a a great proportion of the peerage attended as auditors — and the ca- pacious gallery* which surrounded the interior magnificent dome of the house, contained above four hundred ladies of the^ highest dis- tinction, who partook of the same national fire which had en- lightened their parents, their husbands, and their relatives—and by * Towards the close of 1789, considerable alterations were made in the gallery, at the suggestion of Burton Conyngham, and under the direc- tion of the speaker. The space was curtailed, anc^ the stu^nts of the university were not admitted until the speaker had taken t he chair. The“galTefy, after its alteratIoh,‘'''was capable of containing 280 persons, who, sitting at perfect ease, could witness every transaction of the house. To the gallery behind the chair, admission was only granted by an order from the speaker. Towards J^e termination o^the lyi^ parlia- ment, the collegians were denied ffee~admjssion toTthe gallery — a privi- I erroneously supposed to have been of long standing — as we find Dr. Browne, provost of Trinity college, stating, in 1790, that he re- membered, when he was a student in the university, often to have walked in his gown, for hours, through the hall of the house, till he met some good-natured member to put him into the gallery. “ In England, the ^ house is cleared of strangers for every division, and no person is sup- posed to see or know in what way the representatives of the people exer- cise their trust. In Ireland, on the contrary, the divisions were pub- lic, and red and black lists were immediately published of the voters on every important occasion.’’ The names of those who opposed the union, in the second debate, on the 24th of January, 1799, were printed in red, and circulated through the country, with the following title: “ The list of our glorious and virtuous defenders, that every man may engrave their names and their services on his heart, and hand them down to his children’s children.’’ THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. the sympathetic influence of their presence and zeal communicated an instinctive chivalrous impulse to eloquence and to patriotism. Those who have only seen the tumultuous rush of imperial parlia- ments, scuffling in the antiquated chapel of St. Stephen’s, crowned by a gallery of note-takers, anxious to catch the public penny by the earliest reports of good speeches made bad, and bad speeches made better — indifferent as to subjects and careless as to misrepre- sentation yet the principal medium of communication between the sentiments of the representatives and the curiosity of the repre- sented, can form no idea of the interesting appearance of the Irish house of commons. The cheerful magnificence of its splendid ar- chitecture the number— the decorum and brilliancy of the anxious auditory the vital question that night to be determined, and the solemn dignity which clothed the proceedings of that awful mo- ixient collectively produced impressions, even on disinterested .strangers, which, perhaps, had never been so strongly or so justly excited by the appearance and proceedings of any house of legisla- ture Mr. Perry took the chair at four o’clock. The singular work- ing of the summonses had its complete effect, and procured the attend- ance of almost every member resident within the kingdom. A but deep solicitude was apparent on almost every countenance, when Mr. Grattan entered, accompanied by Mr. Brownlow and several others, the determined and important advocates for the declaration of Irish independence. Mr. Grattan’s preceding exertions and anxiety had manifestly injured his health ; his tottering frame seemed barely sufficient to sustain his labouring mind, replete with the un- precedented importance and responsibility of the measure he was about to bring forward. He was unacquainted with the reception it w ould obtain from the connexions of the government ; he was that day trievably to commit his country with Great Britain, and through him Ireland was either to assert her liberty, or start from the connexion. His own situation was tremendous — that of the mem- bers attached to the administration embarrassing — that of the peo-. pie anxious to palpitation. For a short time a profound silence en- sued : it was expected that Mr. Grattan would immediately rise — when the wisdom and discretion of the government gave a turn to the proceedings, which in a moment eased the parliament of its solicitude, Mr. Grattan of the weight that oppressed him, and the people of their anxiety. Mr. Hely Hutchinson (then secretary of state in Ireland) rose. He said, that his excellency the lord lieute- nant had ordered him to deliver a message from the king, importing that ‘His majesty being concerned to find that discontents and jealousies were prevailing amongst his loyal subjects of Ireland, upon matters of great weight and importance, recommended to the house to take the same into their most serious consideration, in ordei to effect such a final adjustment as might give satisfaction to both kingdoms.’ And Mr. Hutchinson accompanied this message with a statement of his owm views on the subject, and his determination to support a declaration of Irish rights, and constitutional independence^. Thus, on the sixteenth of April, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-tw'o after nearly seven hundred years of subjugation. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 7 ^ oppression, and misery — after centuries of unavailing complaint, and neglected remonstrance — did the king of Ireland, through his Irish secretary of state, at length himself propose to redress those grievances through his Irish parliament; an authority which, as king of England, his minister had never before recognised or admitted. In a moment, the whole scene was completely changed ; those miserable prospects which had so long disgusted, and at length so completely agitated the Irish people, vanished from their view ; the phenomenon of such a message had an instantaneous and asto- nishing effect, and pointed out such a line of conduct to every party and to every individual, as left it almost impossible for any but the most mischievous characters, to obstruct the happy unanimity which now became the gratifying result of this prudent and wise proceeding. It is an observation not unworthy of remark, that in describing the events of that important evening, the structure of the Irish house of commons (as before mentioned) at the period of these debates was particularly adapted to convey to the people an impression of dignity and of splendour in their legislative assembly. The interior of the commons’ house was a rotunda of great architectural magnifi^ cence ; an immense gallery, supported by Tuscan pillars, surrounded the inner base of a grand and lofty dome — in that gallery, on every im- portant debate, nearly seven hundred auditors heard the sentiments and learned the characters of their Irish representatives ; the gallery was never cleared on a division ; the rising generation acquired a love of eloquence and of liberty — the principles of a just and proud ani- bition — the details of public business — and the rudiments of consti- tutional legislation. The front rows of this gallery were generally occupied by females of the highest rank and fashion, whose presence gave an animating and brilliant splendour to the entire scene ; and in a nation such as Ireland then was, from which the gallant prin- ciples of chivalry had not been altogether banished, ^ contributed not a little to the preservation of that decorum so indispensable to the dignity and weight of deliberative assemblies. This entire gallery had been crowded at an early hour by personages of the first respectability of both sexes — it would be difficult to describe the interesting appearance of the whole assembage at this awful mo- ment ; — after the speech of Mr. Hutchinson, which in fact decided nothing, a low confidential whisper ran through the house, and every member seemed to court the sentiments of his neighbour, without venturing to express his own — the anxious spectators, in- quisitively leaning forward, awaited with palpitating expectation the developement of some measure likely to decide the fate of their country, themselves, and their posterity — no middle course could possibly be adopted — immediate conciliation and tranquillity, or re- volt and revolution, was the dilemma which floated on every think- ing mind -a solemn pause ensued — at length, Mr. Grattan,* slowly rising from his seat, commenced the most luminous, brilliant, and effective oration ever delivered in the Irish parliament.” * * * * * R. Kenny’s full length portrait of Grattan, moving this declaration of rights, is to be seen in the dining-hall of the university of Dublin. T]1E IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. “ All further debate ceased — the speaker put the question on Mr. Grattan’s amendment ; a unanimous ‘ aye’ burst from every quarter of the house — he repeated the question — the applauses were re- doubled — a moment of tumultuous exultation followed — and, after centuries of oppression, Ireland at length declared herself an inde- pendent nation. — This important event quickly reached the impatient crowds of every rank of society, who, without doors, awaited the decision of their parliament — a cry of joy and of exultation spread with electric rapidity through the entire city — its echo penetrated to the very interior of the house — every thing gave way to an eflusion of happiness and congratulation that had never before been exhibited in that misgoverned country.” Tlie great resources of the country soon became apparent when her trade and liberties were no longer fettered by the supremacy of Great Britain.* The exports of Ireland increased above one-half; her population near a third; and her agriculture that was not before able to feed a smaller num- ber of inhabitants (for we were fed by corn from England) supplied an increased population of one million, and sent a redundancy to Great Britain. The courtier was astonished ; lie had contemplated such prospects as the frenzy of the en- thusiast ; he read that frenzy registered as the public accounts. Nor was all this wealth slow in coming. The nation started into manhood at once ; young Ireland came forth like a giant, rejoicing in her strength.”” The history of the Irish parlia- ment from this era to its extinction becomes the history of Ireland, which the reader must consult, to learn the acts and characters of the many distinguished men who, dui-ing that period, adorned the Irish senate. The house of lords, ’’says a writer in 1792, “havingfor a considerable time been considered inconvenient by its members, from its too great interference with the commons, it was determined to give it a distinct entrance, with some additional rooms. Accordingly, in the year 1785, * The progress of Scotland was adduced to show the advantages of an union, her linen manufacture having increased from one million of yards in 1706, to twenty-three millions in 1796. This argument was answered as follows, by the speaker of fhe Irish house of commons ; — Ireland’s export was, in 1706, 530,838 yards, value, 22,750L “ 1783, 16,039,705 “ “ 1,069,313/. “ 1796, 46,705,319 “ “ 3,113,687/. “ That is 88 times greater as to quantity, and 137 times greater as to value in 1796 than in 1700, and thus, that manufacture which is the staple of both kingdoms, rose from 1 to 88 in Ireland — in separate and un-united Ireland, under the nurture and protection of Ireland’s parlia- ment, while during the same period, it rose in united Scotland without a resident parliament from 1 to 23, only.” THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. Mr. James Gandon, architect, was applied to, to make designs for an easteim rfbht,~with addrtidhal rooms, for the greater convenience of the lords. His plans being approved, they were speedily put into execu- tion,* and are now (1792) entirely completed, to the great convenience of the upper house, and exterior ornament of the place. A noble portico, of six Corinthian columns, three feet six inches in diameter, covered by a handsome pediment, now gives the noble peers entrance to the high court of judicature. The entablature of the old portico is continued around to the new ; but the column of the one being of the Ionic order, and that of the other of the Corinthian, an incongruity in architecture takes place, which is certainly exceptionable, and might have been avoided by making the whole of the same order. The two porticoes are annexed together by a circular screen wall, the height of the whole building, enriched with dressed niches, and a rusticated basement. It is now completely finished, and expended about <£25,000.f The inside presents many conveniences and beau- * The digging of the foundation was commenced in May, 1785, and the portico, “as it now stands in Westmoreland-street, was erected, but ap- proached by two steps, and the circular ornamental wall, carrying round the cornice and rustic basement, but without columns, as in the design, and substituting niches in place of windows. It^was not until this great e difice waj converted into a ba nk th at the three-quarter columns were Intro- ' du ceydh' the wal l,' and at' a period' dr suFsequenFeTevatioii of the level of Westmoreland-street that the step s~appro ac hing the front of the por tico were filled up.” The three fine statues, on The eastern portico, represent- ing Justice, Wisdom, and Liberty, were executed by Edward Smith, a Dublin artist, noticed in the Irish Quarterly Review, No. VI. f “ The house of lords,” says an English writer in 1787, “far exceeds that at Westminster : and the lord lieutenant’s throne as far exceeds that miserable throne (so called) of the king in the English house of lords. The house of commons is a noble room indeed, it is an octagon, wainscotted round with Irish oak, which shames all mahogany, and galleried all round for the convenience of the ladies. The speaker’s chair is far more grand than the throne of the lord lieutenant. But what surprised me above all, were the kitchens of the house, and the large apparatus for good eating. Tables were placed from one end of a large hall to the other, which (it seems) while the parliament sits, are daily covered with meat, at four or five o’clock, for the accommodation of the members.” Another writer, who sat in the Irish parliaments of the latter part of the last century, tells us that “ On the day whereon the routine business of the budget was to be opened, for the purpose of voting supplies, the speaker invited the whole of the members to dinner in the house, in his own and the adjoining chambers. Several peers were accustomed to mix in the company ; and I believe an equally happy, joyous, and convivial assemblage of legislators never were seen together. All distinctions as to government or opposition parties were totally laid aside ; harmony, wit, wine, and good-humour reigning triumphant. The speaker, clerk, chancellor of the exchequer, and a very few veteran financiers, remained in the house till the necessary routine was gone through, and then joined their happy comrades, the party seldom breaking up till midnight. On the ensuing day the same festivities were repeated ; but on the third day, when the report was to be brought in, and the business discussed in de- the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 2.4^ ties, particularly a committee room, 39 by 27 ; a library 33 feet square : a hall 57 by 20 ; and a beautiful circular vestibule. The commons house not being thought sufficiently convenient, and the house being desirous, at the same time, to improve the external appearance of the building, it was determined to make considerable additions to the westward of the old structure. The designs ot Mr. Robert Parke, architect, being approved, it was begun in Au- gust, 1787, and completed in October, 1794, and comprises an ex- tent of building, nearly equal to that on the east. The western entrance is under a portico of four Ionic columns, and is attached to the old portico by a circular wall, as on the opposite side, but with the addition of a circular colonade, of the same order and magnil^e as the columns of the portico, 12 feet distance from the wall, ihis colonade, being of considerable extent, gives an appearance ot ex- treme grandeur to the building, but robs it of particular distinguish- ing beauties, which the plainer screen wall to the east gives to the porticoes. The inside of this addition comprises many conveniencies, particularly a suite of committee rooms, for determining contested elections before the house ; rooms for the housekeeper, serjeant at arms, &c., and a large hall for chairmen to wait in The whole expenditure of this addition amounted to ^£25,395. Un fc the 27 th of February, l792,J)etween the hours of five and six in ! the evening, while the house were sitting, a^ fire broke out in the V commons’ house, and entirely consumed that noble apartment, but i did littlh"bther damage. It is conjectured to have taken place by K the breaking of one of the flues, which run through th^e walls to I. warm the house, and so communicated fire to the timber in the building. Its present construction very nearly resembles the old : it t is circular ; the^oth^jp^as^pctangular. tail, the scene totally changed;— the convivialists were now metaraor- nhosed into downright public declamatory enemies, and, ranged on oppLite sides of the house, assailed each other without mercy Every quLtionable item was debated— every proposition deliberately f^iscussed —and more zealous or assiduous senators could no where be found than in the very members, who, during two days, had appeared to commit the whole funds of the nation to the management of half-a-dozen arith- meticians. But all this was consonant to the national character of the individuals. Set them at table, and no men enjoyed themselves half so much ; set them to business, no men ever worked with more earnestness and effect. A steady Irishman will do more in an hour, when fairly engaged upon a matter which he understands, than any other country- man rso far, at least, as my observation has gone) in two. ’ * Having given descriptions of the trials of lords Santry and Netterville, we deem it unnecessary to introduce an account of the tnal earl of Kingston, in the parliament house, on the 18th day of May, 1/98, as the ceremonials were identical. The following are the particulars of the wake of the duke of Rutland, who died in the viceroyalty, “ On Tuesday, November 13th, at 3 o’clock in the morning, the body of his grace was brought from the lodge in the park, attended by his gi ace s dSnestics, and escorted by a squadron of horse to the house of lords The entrance to this awful scene, was through a suite of 100 ms, lighted with wax, and hung with a superfine black cloth, decorated with THE STEEETS OF DUBLIN. The unsuccessful attempt at parliamentary reform — the regency question — the concessions to the Eoman Catholics — the disarming of the volunteers, and the consequences of an insurrection, instigated and fomented by the government officials — are historical points the knowledge of which is necessary for the comprehension of the state of Ireland, when a legislative union was forced* * upon her, in open violation of the solemn compact of 1782. ^^Eive of the escutcheons and banners of his grace’s armorial achievements, and the insignia, of the order of St. Patrick, and the order of the garter. The floors were also covered with black cloth. The state-room was superbly decorated in like manner, where the body was laid under a grand canopy, ornamented with large plumes of black feathers, and hung with escutcheons. The body (embalmed) was deposited in a cedar cofiin, lined with satin, this was enclosed in one of lead, over this, was a coffin of mahogany, beautifully inlaid, and the whole was enclosed in the state coffin, which was covered with crimson velvet, and superbly deco- rated with ornaments, beautifully chased and gilt. On the breast-plate, which was in the form of a heart, encircled with a border of oak leaves, also chased and gilt, was engraved the inscription. At the head of the coffin was a ducal coronet, supported by two of his grace’s aides-de-camp, and on each side stood six mutes, dressed in long black gowns and caps, supporting branches of wax tapers ; the passage through this room was enclosed by railing. Every decent person was admitted, a number of the battle-axe guards attended to preserve regularity. On the whole, this scene exhibited a most awful and solemn appearance, and the most strict decorum and silence was observed.” On the 17th November, at 1 1 a. m. the coffin, preceded by the choirs of the two cathedrals chant- ing a dirge, was conveyed to the funeral chariot, at the great portico, and thence brought in gpnd procession to the water-side. * Twenty-seven counties petitioned against the union. The petition of the county of Down was “ signed by upwards of 17,000 respectable, independent men ; and all the others in a similar proportion. Dublin petitioned under the great seal of the city, and each of the corporations in it followed the example. ^ Drogheda petitioned against the union, and almost every town in the kingdom in like manner testified its disappro- bation. Those in favor of the measure, possessing great influence in the country, obtained a few counter -petitions ; yet, though the petition from the county Down was signed by 17,000, the counter-petition was signed only by 415. Though there were 707,000 who had signed petitions against the measure, the total number of those who declared themselves in favor of it, did not exceed 3,000, and many even of these only prayed that the measure might be discussed.” “ In fact,” observed Mr. Grey, in the English parliament, “ the nation is nearly unanimous, and this great majority is composed, not of fanatics, bigots, or Jacobins, but of the most respectable of every class of the community.”— “ A loud and universal outcry,” said Peter Burrowes, “ issues from every quarter of Ireland against this detested measure j the city of Dublin, the University, the counties— the property— the populacy, and talents of the nation—’ all ranks, and all religions are united in one grand and irresistible confede- racy against it. The public sentiment can no longer be falsified— it forces Itself upon the senses of every man who can see or hear. No man can stir out of the pale of the castle— no man can travel through any quarter THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. debates on the union in the Irish commons comprised everything of the first importance upon the subject ; of these, three took place in January, 1799, whilst men were impressed with the horrors of the rebellion, and the fears of a Irench in- vasion. The debates of 1800 were^^after the parliament had been packed through the place bill.’' The first debate, opened at 4 p.m. on the 22nd of January, 1799 lasted for twenty-one hours, terminating at 1 p.m. next day, the ministers having by palpable bribery obtained a majority of one. The majority against the union on the 24th consisted of five. The third debate, which took place on the 15th of February, occupied nearly fourteen hours; and on the 11th of April, on occasion of the house going into committee, of Ireland without reading it, in the anxious conmct of passions and feel- ings depicted in every countenance he meets. These are solemn moral manifSions of the active sentiment of a nation. These are awful warnings, which the benignity of Providence interposes between the rash nroiects of ministers, and the irretrievable mischief. May God avert the storm and save the nation.” The Dublin press at this time teemed with pamphlets in favor of the union, which were paid for out of the public money. One of the ablest publications of the anti-unionists was Bushe s ‘ ‘ Cease your funning and among their songs that entitled Billy Pitt and the union,” here subjoined, held a distinguished place : “ Come, neighbours, attend while I Of a cunning young blade, whom they call Billy Fitt, Who, gulling John Bull of his cash and his glory. On a notable scheme, to repair them, has hit. This Billy, who hated to see us uniUng, In love for our country, like true Irish hoys. For creeds and for colours would set us a-fighting. To carry his union, without any noise But, why should our isle be united to Britain, With debt overwhelmed, and with taxes assess d . Whv. because, as of late by a clerk it is written, They may take our all from us, and leave us— the rest . This clerk says, ‘ by nature our wealth is transcendent !’ But should Ireland for that to a union agree ?— For we know, that, before we became independent, United with England, no riches had we ! * * * Seven provinces, also, we’re told by this clerk. United, and broke from the bondage of Spam ; But the parallel here leaves us all in the dark— For— they never return d to their tyrants again . Then Paddy, beware !— there’s a snake in these offers Though Billy is gilding, don’t swallow his pill; For soon, do you see ? he will empty our coffers. And then send them back, for the ‘boys to re-till. Let England with Europe still wrangle ; but, neighbours. What has our little island to do with ihe strife? ' If Paddy enjoys but the fruit of his labours. Why Billy may fight all the days of his life ; So, lads, ail uniting in bonds of affecUon, Prepar’d for the worst, for the best let us hope— And may he, who’d resign us to foreign subjection, Like Judas, receive his deserts— in a rope THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 7=m Foster, the speaker of the commons, argued ably for four hours against the union. The Irish parliament met for the last session on the 15th of January, 1800. The debate lasted all night — sir Laurence Parsons — ser- geant Pitz-Gerald — Bushe — Hardy — Plunket and Bar- rington, had successively combated the ministerial party with brilliant eloquence and invincible integrity. At seven in the morning John Egan had just risen to speak, when Ponsonby and Arthur Moore walked out, and immediately returned, leading, or rather helping, Mr. Grattan, in a state of feebleness and debility.” The scene that took place was interesting in the extreme, and highly characteristic of the individual ; novel to the house, and quite unexpected by the ministers, who were not aware that the election had taken place, or that the writ could be returned so soon. They were much surprised at his entrance, and more so at his appearance. The house and the galleries were seized with breathless emotion ; and a thrilling sensation, a low murmur, pervaded the whole assembly, when they beheld a thin, weak and emaciated figure, worn down by sickness of mind and body, scarcely able to sustain himself ; the man I who had been the founder of Ireland’s independence in 1782 was now I coming forward, feeble, helpless, and apparently almost in his last I moments, to defend or to fall with his country. His friends crowded 1 round him, anxious to assist him, — Bowes Daly, in particular : see- | ing that Mr. Grattan had on his hat, he told him it was contrary to I the rules of the house. Mr. Grattan calmly replied, ‘ Do not mind ' me, I know what to do.’ He was dressed in the Volunteer uniform, blue, with cuffs and collar. He had placed his cocked hat square to the front, and kept it on till he advanced half way up the floor ; he then stopped and looked round the house with a steady and fear- less eye, as if he wished to let them know that, though exhausted, he was yet prepared to give battle, and to bid them defiance ; as an old soldier, he was resolved to show front, and let his opponents see that he was not to be trifled with. He knew that he would be pressed, and very soon attacked ; and he thought it best to come forward at the outset. When he approached near the table, he then took off his hat ; and the oaths having been administered (for by the rules of the Irish parliament they could be taken at any time), he took his seat on the second bench, beside Mr. Plunket.” Egan having resumed and concluded his speech, Grattan, "almost breathless, as if by instinct, attempted to rise, but was unable to stand — he paused, and with difficulty requested per- mission of the house to deliver his sentiments without moving from his seat. This was acceded to by acclamation, and he who had left his bed of sickness to record, as he thought, his last words in the parliament of his country, kindled gradually till his language glowed with an energy and feeling which he THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. had seldom surpassed."’ He spoke for two hours, and con- cluded with the following passages The thing he (the minister) proposes to buy is what cannot be sold— Liberty ! For it, he has nothing to give. Everything of value which you possess, you obtained under a free constitution. Part with it, and you must not only be a slave hut an idiot. His proposi- tions not only go to your dishonor, but they are built upon nothing else. He tells you— it is his main argument— that you are unfit to exercise a free constitution ; and he affects to prove it by experi- ment He does more : he proposes to you to substitute the British parliament in your place ; to destroy the body that restored your liberties, and restore that body which destroyed them. Against such a proposition, were I expiring on the floor, 1 should beg to utter my last breath and record my dying testimony.” At nine, Isaac Corry, who had been bought by the minister, rose to reply ; at ten in the morning the house divided, and the natio nal part y^ was defeat ed by a majori ty of .forty4wo. These^ debates form one of the most instructive and important portions of modern Irish history. The splendid oratory and unanswerable arguments of the uncompromising anti-union- ist — the shameless effrontery of the minister and his unscru- pulous associates — the unlimited bribery by titles, money and places— the attempts at intimidation by investing the senate house with military — the exultation of the auditory and popu- lace at the rejection of the bill in its early stages*— the • Throughout all the debates, the ablest lawyers— Saurin, Bushe, and Plunket— maintained that parliament being incapable of abolishing the constitution, such a measure should be necessarily void aA and consequently not binding upon the country, that the “transaction though fortified by seven-fold form, was radically fraudulent, that all the torms and solemnities of law were but so many badges of the fraud, and. that posterity, like a great court of conscience, would pronounce its judg- ment.”— “ I know,” said Goold, “the ministers must succeed— but, I will not go away with an aching heart — because I know that the liberties of the people must ultimately triumph. The people must ^ present sub- mit, because they cannot resist 120,000 armed men. But the period will occur, when, as in 1782, England may be weak, and Ireland suffi- ciently strong to recover her lost liberties.” Grattan, on the 26th of May, 1800, concluded his last speech in the Irish parliament as follows ;— “ The constitution may be for a time so lost ; the character of the coun- try cannot be so lost, the ministers of the crown will, or may, perhaps, at length find that it is not so easy to put down for ever, an ancient and respectable nation by abilities, however great, and by power and by cor- ruption, however irresistible ; Liberty may repair her golden beams, and with redoubled heart animate the country; the cry of loyalty will not long continue against the principles of liberty; loyalty is a noble a judicious, and a capacious principle ; but in these countries loyalty, dis- tinct from liberty, is corruption, not loyalty. The cry of the connexion THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 3 sorabre gloom which pervaded all classes of society at the extinction of Irish independence — and the consequent na- tional bankruptcy — are topics which properly belong to the history of the country. "We shall here close our notice of the Irish parliament house by the following description of the final passing of the act of Union, on Saturday, 7th June, 1800, at a period when the people of Ireland had no legal protection for their lives or liberties. The Habeas corpus act was sus- pended — martial law was proclaimed — the trial by jury was superseded by courts martial — the judges of the land could hold no shield over the victim of power — property was at the discretion of the military — even the name of liberty was taken away — there was no guarantee for the safety of limb or life — the soldier and the sword were everything — the law and the constitution were practically annihilated.'’^ "The day of extinguishing the liberties of Ireland had now arrived, and the sun took his last view of independent Ireland — he rose no more over a proud and prosperous nation — she was now condemned, by the British minister, to renounce her rank amongst the states of Europe — she was sentenced to cancel her constitution, to disband her commons, and disfranchise her nobility — to proclaim her incapacity, and register her corruption in the records of the empire. On this fatal event, some, whose honesty the tempter could not destroy — some, whose honor he durst not assail — and many who could not controul the useless language of indignation, prudently withdrew from a scene where they would have witnessed only the will not, in the end, avail against the principles of liberty. Connexion is a wise and a profound policy ; but connexion without an Irish parlia- ment, is connexion without its own principle, without analogy of con- dition, without the pride of honor that should attend it ; is innovation, is peril, is subjugation— not connexion. The cry of disaffection will not, in the end, avail against the principle of liberty. Identification is a solid and imperial maxim, necessary for the preservation of freedom, necessary for that of empire ; but, without union of hearts — with a separate govern- ment, and without a separate parliament, identification is extinction, is dishonor, is conquest — not identification. Yet, I do not give up the country — I see her in a swoon, but she is not dead — though in her tomb she lies helpless, and motionless, still there is on her lips a spirit of life, and up her cheek a glow of beauty — ‘ Thou art not conquered : beauty’s ensign yet Is crimson in thy lips, and in thy cheeks. And death’s pale flag is not advanced there.’ While a plank of the vessel sticks together, I will not leave her— let the courtier present his flimsy sail, and carry the light bark of his faith, with every new breath of wind— I will remain anchored here with fide- lity to the fortunes of my country, faithful to her freedom, faithful to her fall.” THE lllISll QUARTERLY REVIEW. 25 h- f (lownfal of their country. Every precaution was taken by lord Clare for the security, at least, of his own person. The houses of parlia- ment were closely invested by the military — no demonstration of popular feeling was permitted— a British regiment, near the entrance, patrolled through the Ionic colonades, the chaste architecture of that classic structure seemed as a monument of the falling Irish, to remind them of what they had been, and to tell them what they were. It was a heart-rending sight to those who loved their country, it was a sting to those who sold it — and to those who purchased it, a victory — but to none has it been a triumph. _ oc i i ‘‘ The commons’ house of parliament, on the last evening, afforded the most melancholy example of a fine independent people, betrayed, divided, sold, and, as a state, annihilated. British clerks and officers were smuggled into her parliament to vote away the constitution ot * They formed a considerable proportion of the majority by which the measure was carried. Lord Grey, in his speech in the English parlia- ment stated, that “If the parliament of Ireland was left to itself, un- tempted unawed, unintimidated, it would, without hesitation, ha''^s reiected the resolutions. There are,” he continued, “ three hundred members in all, and one hundred and twenty of those strenuously oppose the measure, amongst whom were two-thirds of the county members, the representatives of the city of Dublin, and almost all the towns which It is proposed should send members to the imperial parliament: one hundred and sixty-two voted in favour of the Unmn ; of ^ huiidjvd aft^Jllieeu*w^e^'pl^6iheh^ Ehgfilfi on the staSSf without a foot of ground in Ireland, and completely dependant upon government. Let us reflect upon the arts which have been used since the last sessions of the Irish parliament to pack a majority in the house of commons. All persons holding offices under government, even the most intimate friends of the minister, if they hesitated to vote as di- rected, were stript of all their employments. Even this step,’ added lord Grey, “ was found ineffectual, and other arts were had recourse to, which, though I cannot name in this place, all will easily conjecture. So far as can yet be ascertained, the sum expended in bribes, to carry the Union, amounted to four million two hundred and seventy-five thou- i sand pounds. Yet the total majority in favour of the measure, notwith- 1 standing this immense expenditure, consisted only of forty-two votes. 1 One of the most glaring cases of bribery on this occasion was that of 1 sir William Gleadowe Newcomen, detailed in our paper on Castle street. I Much as superficial authors have declaiined against the venality of the 1 Irish parliament, an examination of historical documents will show that I the parliaments of Scotland and England were far more corrupt. The bribery required to purchase the Scotch parliament to agree to an union only amounted to fifty thousand pounds ; one Scgtch peer having sold himself for the sum of eleven guineas, and, according to sir WaUer Scott, “ he threw his religion into the bargain, and from Roman Ca- tholic turned Protestant, to make his vote a good one.” The corrup- tion of the English parliament caused lord Chatham to declare that il the house did not reform itself from within, it would be reformed with a vengeance from without.” We might here adduce various high authorities to exhibit how far the English parliament surpassed that of Ireland m venality, it may, however, suffice to cite the following figures from the petition for reform presented to British house of commons in 1 / yd : THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. a country to which they were strangers, and in which they had nei- ther interest nor connexion. They were employed to cancel the royal charter of the Irish nation, guaranteed by the British govern- ment, sanctioned by the British legislature, and unequivocally con- firmed by the words, the signature, and the great seal of their monarch. The situation of the speaker (Foster), on that night, was of the most distressing nature ; a sincere and ardent enemy of the measure, he headed its opponents ; he resisted it with all the power of his mind, the resources of his experience, his influence, and his elo- quence. It was, however, through his voice that it was to be proclaimed and consummated. His only alternative (resignation) would have been unavailing, and could have added nothing to his character. His expressive countenance bespoke the inquietude of his feelings ; solici- tude was perceptible in every glance, and his embarrassment was obvious in every word he uttered. The galleries were full, but the change was lamentable ; they were no longer crowded with those who had been accustomed to witness the eloquence and to animate the debates of that devoted assembly. A monotonous and melancholy murmur ran through the benches — scarcely a word was exchanged amongst the members — nobody seemed at ease — no cheerfulness was apparent — and the ordinary business, for a short time, proceeded in the usual manner. At length the expected moment arrived — the order of the day for the third reading of the bill — for a ‘ Legislative I union between Great Britain and Ireland,’ was moved by lord * Castlereagh unvaried, tame, coldblooded, the words seemed frozen ' as they issued from his lips ; and, as if a simple citizen of the world, he seemed to have no sensation on the subject. At that moment he had no country — no god but his ambition ; he made his motion, and resumed his seat, with the utmost composure and indifference. Con- fused murmurs again ran through the house — it was visibly affected, every character, in a moment, seemed involuntarily rushing to its index ; — some pale, some flushed, some agitated ; there were few countenances to which the heart did not dispatch some messenger. Several members withdrew before the question could be repeated, and an awful, momentary silence succeeded their departure. The speaker rose slowly from that chair which had been the proud source of his honors and of his high character : for a moment he resumed his seat, but the strength of his mind sustained him in his duty, though his struggle was apparent. With that dignity which never Seventy-one peers returned by treasury nomination, and other influence _ _ . Ninety-one commoners returned by similar means Total returned for England and Wales, or exclusive of Scotland . . _ . All the members (forty-five) for Scotland, similarly returned . - _ . Members of the British house of commons corruptly returned - . _ . . Remaining members honestly returned - 170 members 139 309 45 354 204 Total of members for England and Scotland 3 D 558 the lllISIl QUARTERLY REVIEAV. WS failed to signalise his official actions, he held up the bill for a moment in silence ; he looked steadily around him on the last agony of the expiring parliament. He at length repeated, in an emphatic tone, . ‘ as many as are of opinion that this bill do pass, say aye.’ The affirma- tive was languid, but indisputable— another momentary pause en- sued— again his lips seemed to decline their office : at length, with an eye averted from the object which he hated, he proclaimed, with a subdued voice, ^ the ayes have it.’ The fatal sentence was now pro- nounced— for an instant he stood statue-like ; then indignantly, and with disgust, flung the bill upon the table, and sunk into his chair with an exhausted spirit. An independent country was thus de- graded into a province — Ireland, as a nation, was extinguished. The Irish parliament assembled for the last time in Dublin on Saturday 2nd October^mO. The following peers entered their solemn ^protest agm^TSie illegality of the union, which, said they, we feel ourselves called upon to do in support of our characters, our honor, and whatever is left to us worthy to be transmitted to our posterity^^ — Leinster, Meath, Granard, Moira, Ludlow, Arran, Charlemont, Kingston, Kiversdale, Mount- cashel,' Farnham, Belmore, Massey, Strangford, Powerscourt, De Vesci, William, bishop of Down and Connor, Eichard, bishop of Waterford and Lismore, Sunderlin, Lismore. Do- cuments exist to prove that every member who supported the minister received a large bribe ; nothing was, how- ever, able to shake the integrity of the large min^ity who opposed the measure. Neither dismissal from office, threats of assassination, the offers of splendid rewards and titles, nor the pressing prospects of future penury, could induce them to join in voting away the ancient constitution of the country, and they retired from the scene, as was pathetically remarked, "with safe consciences, but with breaking hearts.” " Of the parliament of Ireland,” said Grattan to the English house of commons in 1809, have a parental recollection. I sate by her cradle, I followed her hearse. In fourteen years she acquired for Ireland what you did not acquire for England in a century — freedom of trade, independency of the legislature, independency of the judges, restoration of the final judicature, repeal of a perpetual mutiny bill, habeas corpus act, nulluin tempus act — a great work !” In 1802, the parliament house was purchased from govern- ment by the bank of Irelan d, for £40,000. subject to a ground rent of £240 per annum, qberal premiums having been offered for plans for the adaptation of the building to its new purposes, the most eminent architects of Great Britain THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. sent in their designs; the first prize was, however, adjudged to Henry A. Baker,* a native of Dublin. During the panic in 1803, the building was used as a barrack; in the suc- ceeding year a fire bro ke ouj^ beneath the front portico, and injured it so s everH^ that it was foun d necessary insert l arge pieces in several of the columns. * Baker, fearing that his plans might be summarily rejected if he ap- peared in the competition as an Irish artist, had his drawings privately conveyed to London and thence to Dublin, as from an English architect ; J the names of the competitors not being demanded until the final adjudica- | tion. The result justified his anticipations, as, although the judges award- 1 ed hirn £ 300 , the management of the works was committed to the late‘‘ Francis Johnston. During these alterations the house of commons was ta- ken down, together with the court of requests, and a portion of the latter now forms the cash office of the bank. The chair of the speaker of the Irish house of commons stands in the board room of the royal Dublin society : the chandelier is suspended in St. Andrew’s church ; and the mace was exhibited by lord Masserene, in September, 1852, at ; the Belfast Museum. Two exhibitions of paintings were held in the I parliament house in the years 1802 and 1803 , in the former of which ; John Comerford exhibited for the first time. The statues on the south ■ front o f the b uildin g were executed by Edward SmTtl^rDublin, from small pen anJ ink sketches by Flaxman. “ Before the union, ” says a writer in 1818 , “ the society of the Irish metropolis, was very numerous, as well as highly respectable. Dublin was then the constant or occa- sional residence of 249 temporal peers, 22 spiritual peers, and 300 members of the house of commons. Politics and party imparted a spirit and animation to all ranks ; and social intercourse was rendered brilliant and interesting, when the most eminent characters, still more remark- able for their talents than their rank or fortune, — in the castle, the parliament, the courts of law, the church, and the university, contributed to make it so.” The change effected by the union has been most disastrous to Dublin, which cannot at present boast of one resident tem- poral peer. The depreciation in the value of property consequent on this measure was so rapid that a house, in the best and most fashionable quar- ter of Dublin, which in 1791 was worth £ 8 , 000 . only produced £ 2 , 500 , in 1801 . In 1799 there were but seven bankruptcies in the city, in 1810 their number was 152 . This result was predicted by Lysaght in his anti- union lyric : — “ How justly alarmed is each Dublin cit. That he'll soon be transformed to a clown, sir By a magical move of that conjurer, Pitt, The country is coming to town, sir ! Thro’ Capel street soon as you’ll rurally range, You’ll scarce recognize it the same street ; Choice turnips shall grow in your royal Exchange, Fine cabbages down along Dame street. Wild oats in the college won’t want to be till’d ; And hemp in the Four courts may thrive, sir ; Your markets again shall with muttons be fill’d— By St. Patrick, they’ll graze there alive, sir ! In the parliament house, quite alive, shall there be. All the vermin the island e’er gathers ; Full of rooks, as before, Daly’s club-house you’ll see. But the pigeons won’t have any feathers. Our custom-house quay, full of weeds, oh, rare sport But the ministers’ minions, kind elves, sir. Will give us free leave all our goods to export, • When we’ve got none at home for ourselves, sir !” the hush QUAHTEllLY REVIEW. 2i>8 =m, In addition to the parliament house, the history of which has been thus investigated for the first time, there also stood on College green, in the reign of Charles IL, the residences of two distinguished noblemen— the lords Char- lemont and Clancarty. William, second viscount Charlemont, the most distinguished soldier produced by the Caulfield fa- mily, with the exception of its founder, the valiant sir Toby was attainted in the parliament of 1689, for having aided the prince of Orange, and during the progress of the Northern campaigns his estates in Ulster were reduced to a condition of complete sterility by the veteran Jacobite general, sir Teague (Tadhg) O^Eegan. After the termination of the Irish wars of the revolution, he took a prominent part in the proceedings of the house of lords, was appointed colonel of a regiment of infantry, and, subsequently, highly distinguished himself in Spam, under the eccentric earl of Peterborough. In the assault on Barce- lona, in 1705, lord Charlemont commanded the first brigade, at tiie head of which he stormed the town At the siege of the almost impregnable citadel of Montjuich, he behaved with all imaginable bravery, and, at the attack of the fort, marched into the works at the head of his men, was near the prince of Hesse when he fell, and continued, during the heat of that action, to perform his duty with great resolution; wdiich when ended, the earl of Peterborough presented his lordship and colonel Southwell to the king of Spain, as officers who had done his majesty signal service, for which they received his thankful acknowledgments.^’ Lord Charlemont was sub- sequently created a major-general and privy councillor . he died at his house on College green, in 1726, and was then re- puted to be the oldest nobleman in Great Britain, having been a peer more than 55 years. The title of earl of Clancarty was conferred in 1658, on Donogh, son of viscount Muskerry, representative of the an- cient hereditary princes of Desmond, or South Munster. The earl of Clancarty, who,"^ said the duke of Ormond, was the only person in tlie world, from whom I never did, nor ever wodd have concealed the greatest and most important secret of my soul,” commanded the royal army in Munster during the wars of 1641, and, after the reduction of the island by Cromwell, he served with distinction on the Continent. By his wife, Eleanor Butler, sister of the duke of Ormond, he had three sons — Callaghan, his successor ; Charles, lord Muskerry, THE STEEETS OF DUBLIN. -s&s who fell in a bloody sea-fight with the Dutch* in 1665 ; and Justin Mac Carthy, lord Mountcashel, who married the second * “ The earl of Falmouth, Muskerry, and Mr. Richard Boyle, second son to the earl of Burlington, were killed on board the duke’s ship, the Royal Charles, with one shot ; their blood and brains flying in the duke’s face ; and the head of Mr. Boyle striking down the duke, as some say.” James II. tells us that “the lord Muskerry was gentleman of the bed- chamber to the duke, a very brave man and a good foot officer.” A Dublin writer of the day states, that the ncAvs of the duke of York’s victory over the Dutch arrived in the city by the packet early on Satur- day evening, and that “great joy was thereupon among all the loyal party, and all the streets in the town immediately full of bonfires to tes- tifie both the certainty of that news, and greatness of their joy.’’ From a letter of the duke of Ormond to the earl of Arran, in January, 1681, we find that a report was circulated that the former “ had been seen to receive the sacrament in the Romish way at his sister Clancarty’s.” This he strenuously denied, and remarked, that they might as truly swear that he had been “ circumcised in Christ church,” adding — “ The credu- lous that trust in prints, will never hear or consider that I could have as many Masses and sacraments, as I had a mind to, brought me, and more secretly into my lodging, than to go any where abroad for them ; that the laity never have the sacrament given them (unless they are sick) but at Mass ; that Masses are never said but in the morning ; and 1 defy any body to prove, that ever I was to see my sister this twenty years, but in an afternoon.” In March, 1689, the count D’Avaux “made his solemn entry into Dublin as ambassador from the French king ; pro- ceeding from the earl of Clancarty’s house, near the college, attended by the guards, and a great number of Irish, and many officers and gentle- men, to the castle,” where, having audience of James II., he delivered a lengthened discourse in advocacy of the repeal of tlie Act of settlement. D’Avaux was soon afterwards recalled to France, and we are told in the memoirs of the time that James II. “ n’etoit pas content de ses manieres hautes et peu respectueuses : e’etoit d’ailleurs un homme d’esprit, et qui avoit acquis de la reputation dans les difierentes ambassades qu’il avoit eues.” In 1696 the countess dowager of Clancarty resided in Dover-street, London ; Clancarty house w as sta nding on Colleg e gr een so late as the year 1743. We find notice of Dr. Smith, a distin- guished medical praefitibner, residing on College green in the reign of William and Mary : sir Edward Barry, baronet, an eminent physician and author of various medical treatises, also dwelt here in the last century. In 1745 he was appointed physician general to the army, and was one of the founders of the Physico-historical society. He died" at Bath in 1776, having in the previous year published “ Obser- vations, historical, critical, and medical, on the wines of the ancients, and on the analogy between them and modern wines, with observations on the principles and qualities of waters, and particularly those of Bath.” 4to., London : 1775. Cor neli us Magra th, the Irish.,giant^ was exh^ffi^^^ at the “ Sceptre and Cushion,” on College green, wEere he dTedTm 1760. He was born near Silver-mines, in Tipperary, in 1736, of obscure parents, and sud- denly grew, in the space of one year, from five to upwards of seven feet. “His hand was as large as a middling shoulder of mutton, and the last of his shoe, which he carried about him, measured fifteen inches. He exhibited himself in the principal towns of Great Britain and the Conti- THE IRISH aUARTERLY REVIEW. (laughter of the great earl of Strafford, was created lieute- nant general of the Irish Jacobite troops, which he commanded during the Northern war of 1689, and in the succeeding year headed the corps forming the first Irish brigade in the service of France, where he died in 1694. Donogh Mac Carthy, third earl of Clancarty, embraced the cause of James II., whom he actively supported in the field, and his regiment was conse- nent, and a physician of Florence, named Bianchi, wrote a treatise con- cerning him on his visit to that city. A fever, contracted in Flanders, was supposed to have been the remote cause of his death : his body was deposited in the anatomy house of Trinity college, where a lecture was delivered upon it. He had received much kindness from Berkeley, bishop of Cloy ne, who retained him for some time in his house. We are told that Magrath always eat and drank moderately ; his complexion was pale and sallow, and his pulse beat sixty times in a minute. The honorable James O’Brien resided on College-green in 1763, and viscount Mountgarret also lived here in 1783. John Allen, a mercer, of No. 36 College-green, was tried and acquitted of high treason, at Maidstone, in 1798, and in 1803 engaged deeply in Robert Emmett’s plans, after the failure of which he escaped from the coast of Dublin, entered the French army, and rose, by his services, to the rank of lieu- tenant. His gallant conduct at Astorga, under the duke d’Abrantes, was rewarded by a colonelcy ; he was subsequently taken prisoner by the Spaniards, and after his liberation, by exchange, he joined Napoleon in 1813; in the succeeding year the English government specially demanded that Allen should be given up to them, but the French soldiers, to whose custody he was committed, connived at his escape, after which he retired to Normandy, where he passed the latter part of his life. The in 1783, from Dame- street to the south side of College-green. In 1784, the annual income of the Irish post-office was £14,000, while the expense of the establishment amounted to £15,000, The attorney-general, in the same year, stated that “ it is well known that the cross posts in many parts of this king- dom are on a most wretched footing ; many considerable places have no post-office at all, and in others they are so poorly supplied, that a letter by a cross post is the most uncertain thing in the world. In the wffiole county of Kerry there is but one post-office, and in the county Leitrim, no post-office at all. From Limerick to Cork is but fifty miles, the post between these cities takes a circuit of 150 miles. Mallow is but 14 miles from Cork, yet as all letters are obliged to be carried first to Clonmel, the post route between Cork and Mallow is 80 miles. While the post-office was under the controul of another country, we could not rectify those defects.” After the establishment of the Irish post-office, by act of parliament, in 1784, its annual gross receipts increased from £40,115 10s. Id. in 1786, to £77,473 17s. lid. in 1799. The post-office on College-green was a large building, five stories in height, with eight windows across, the secretary’s house being situated next to Grafton- street. After the removal of the post-office to Sackville-street, in 1818, Mr. Home erected the ‘-Royal Arcadje”' oii its former site, in College- green, and that building having been dest roye d by fire, lii 1837, was replaced, in 1842, by the present National Bank of rfelancT, THE STE.EETS OF DUBLIN. u/ quently created a royal regiment of guards. He was lalso ap- pointed a lord of the bed-chamber, and entertained king James when he landed in Cork from France in 1689. After the evacuation of Dublin by the Jacobites, the Williamite government took possession of ^^Cl ancar ty house^^ on College- green, whence we find the lords justices from that period dat- ing their despatches and proclamations, and we are told that : — Thursday, the 20th October, 1690, being the anniversary of the former Irish rebellion, which broke out in this kingdom on the 23rd of October, 1641, was observed in this city with great solem- nity. The lords justices, attended by all the lords spiritual and temporal, judges, officers of the army, and others the gentry in and about the city of Dublin, went from Clancarty-house to St. Patrick’s church, with the king-at-arms, herald-at-arms, and other officers in their formalities. After an excellent sermon, they returned in the like order, where a splendid entertainment was prepared. At the second course at dinner, the king and herald-at-arms, with the maces before them, came before the lords justices, and, in Latine, French, and English, proclaimed their majesties’ titles, as on such solemnities is usual. The day was ended with ringing of bells, bonfires, and other demonstrations of public joy.” *‘His majesty’sbirth-day (4th November, 1 690), was observed herewith all the splendour this city could afford. The militia thereof, consisting of 2500 foot, two troops of horse, and two tro?ps of dragoons, all well clothed and armed, were drawn out and gave several vollies. In the evening there was a very fine fire- work before the lords justices’ house, on Colledge-green, during which a hogshead of claret, set out in the street by order of the lords justices, was by the people drunk out in their majesties’ healths. Most of the nobility and gentry in and about the city were invited by the lords justices to a splendid entertainment and banquet, and the day ended with ringing of bells, bonfires in all parts of the city, and all other demonstra- tions of public joy and satisfaction. The next day, being the anni- versary of the Popish powder-plot, the lords justices, attended by the nobility, judges, and other persons of quality in town, with the king and herald-at-arms, and the ensigns of honour carried before them, went to St. Patrick’s church, and after their return from thence, the lords justices gave the nobility, &c. a great entertain- ment. Their majesties’ titles being, at the second course, pro- claimed in Latin, French, and English, by the king-at-arms, as on such solemnities is usual. The great guns were discharged at the same time (as they were the day before), and, that the common people might share in the satisfaction of this day, the lords justices ordered an oxe to be roasted whole, which, with a hogshead of strong beer, was given among them. And at night the public joy was expressed by bonfires, with all other demonstrations of it becoming the occasion.” THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 2.61 Th6%arl of Claiicarty was taken prisoner at Cork, by Marl- borough, in 1690, and imprisoned in the tower of London, from which he escaped to Lrance, in 1694, having been appointed by James II. to succeed Sarsfield, earl of Lucan, as commander of the second royal troop of guards. His great estates, equivalent at the present day to two hundred thou- sand pounds per annum, having been seized by Cromwellian and Williamite colonists, he died in exile at Altona, in 1764. His son, whose title was indisputable, owing to his having been a minor at the revolution, and claiming under a mar- riage settlement, endeavoured to recover his patrimonial es- tases, but his efforts were rendered abortive by the exertions of the occupants, who procured an act of parliament outlaw- ing all lawyers who should undertake his cause. "" Of the race of Eoghan M6r,^^ says Charles O’Conor, the Mac Car- thys were the first and the greatest; the oldest Milesian family in Ireland, and one of the most celebrated. Out of the wrecks of time and fortune, Donogh, the late earl of Clancarthy, had reserved in his family an estate of ten or twelve thousand pounds a-year ; a fair possession of more than two thousand years’ standing, the oldest perhaps in the world ; but forfeited in the days of our fathers. Eobert, the present earl of Clancarthy, a nobleman of the strictest probity, a sea- officer of the greatest valour and experience, lives now (1760) abroad, on an exhibition unworthy of his family and merit ; the hard fate of one worthy of a better.” The comte Mac Carthy Eeagh, of Toulouse, who possessed one of the most valuable libraries in Europe, was, it may be observed, a collateral re- lative to the former possessors of Clancarty-house. To those who are unacquainted with the neglect of local research amongst us, it will probably appear strange that no correct historical account should yet be extant of a monu- ment once so politically notorious as the statue of William III., on College-green, Dublin. Of the inauguration of this statue, on the first of July in the year 1701, we have the following contemporary details, which, together with the other particulars given in this paper, have, it may be observed, never been published in any local history : — “ Our citizens having, in commemoration of our deliverance by his majesty, lately erected his statue on horseback in brass on the College green (being a spacious part of the city), this day being the anni- versary of his majesty’s happy victory at the Boyne (which completed THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. that deliverance), the statue was opened, and exposed to public view with the following solemnities. The lord mayor, with the aldermen ^eriffs, masters, wardens, and commons of the city, assembled at the Iholsell at 4 in the afternoon, and walked from thence in their for- mahties to College-green, with the city music playing before them, the two companies of granadiers belonging to the city militia marching nrst to make way, and a great concourse of people following them : some time after they reached College- green, the lord mayor and citizens, at the entrance of the green received the lords justices, whom the lord mayor conducted through a lane made by the grana- diers to the^foot of the statue, and then the lord mayor, aldermen, and citizens, in the same order as they marched from the Tholsell attended their excellencies, with a great many of the nobility and gentry, walking round the statue three several times, the nobility gentry, and citizens, being uncovered, and the kettle-drums, trum- pets, and other musick, playing all that time on a stage erected for that purpose near the front of the statue ; after the second going round, the recorder of the city made a florid speech suitable to the occasion, celebrating his majesty’s great actions, and expressing their unanimous loyalty and affection to his person and government : which being ended the great guns were fired. After the third round the lord mayor conducted their excellencies through a guard into a large new house appointed for their reception in view of the statue, whe% their excellencies, with the nobility, gentry, provost and fellows of the college, were entertained, and the great guns fired a second time. In the close the king’s health was drunk, with prosperity to this citv, and the guns were fired again, the granadiers still firing before the great guns; during which time several hogsheads of claret being ready placed on stilts, with two large baskets of cakes on each, the claret was set running, and the cakes thrown about among the crowds of people that were in the streets. Afterwards the lords jus- tices were attended by the lord mayor and aldermen in their coaches 1 house, where a splendid entertainment was pro- vided for their excellencies, the nobility and ladies, which being over, they were farther entertained with fireworks, &c. and the night was concluded with ringing of bells, illuminations and bonfires. The whole day was kept throughout the city with the shops shut, the bells ringing, and an universal rejoicing.” Irom the year 1690, the fourth of November, being the anniversary of the birth, and landing of William III. in Eng- land, was annually observed in Dublin with great solemnity • and after the year 1701, the rendering of homage to the hinges statue became an important part of the day^s ceremonies which were as follow In the morning the flag was displayed on Birmingham tower, the guns, in the Phoenix park were fired and answered by volleys from the corps in the barracks, and by a regiment drawn up on College-green,* all the bells in the Ihe first newspaper published in Dublin was “ The News Letter,” THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. town rang out, and at noon the lord lieutenant held a the castle, whence, about 3 p.m. a procession was formed, tne printed in 1685 by Joseph Eay on College- green, for Kobert at the “ Leather bottle,” in Skinner-row. It consisted of a ® small folio, printed on both sides, and written in the form , ’ each number being dated from London, and commencing with the sir. The existence of this paper was totally unknown former writers who universally alleged that “ Pue’s Occurrences was newspaper, an error lately reiterated in an account of Handel s Dublin, by Mr. Townsend, who also errs in stating that he ^as the hrst to place before the public, a notice of Handel’s performances mt^ streets as the full details of them had been given in our first paper on the bt^eis of Dublin,” printed some months before the aPPearance of Mr. T end’s pamphlet. Eay, of College-green, also printed a ^^^wspaper caliea ‘‘Dublin Intelligence,” the first number of which was issued on 30th September, 1690, Among the booksellers jnd publish^ on C g^^, green were William Winter (1685), at the “ , ®iek Neal and Mainwaring at “Corelli’s head,’’ (1737), music publishers, the latter— Bartholomew Mamwari g LcomWed musician, died in 1758; J. P. Droz “Literary Journal,” noticed in our last paper ;J. S 734 ') 1773 ) ; Patrick Byrne, at no. 35, corner of Church-lane (177» to 7 h remarkable for his subsequent political conduct ; John f (1777 to 1789), a lottery broker and publisher of Magee s Wee y ket, or Hope’s lottery journal, of news, politicks, and literatu , sued in Jui^e, 1777 ; a lottery ticket for a £50 prize was given with each ot the early numbers. Magee afterwards became The other Dublin Evening Post, and as the persecutor of oppo- booksellers in College-green were Stewart, Dou^as, and Spo site Anglesea-street, publishers of the “Dublin Chronicle, 1770 . Wdliam Spotsw?od, no. 40, publisher of the “Independent C^r^V^fXe vLal Advertiser” (1777) ; Antoine Gerna, no 31, f . nvftT tn a dealer in foreign books and master of a news-room, STJ Ihef at^the nS 42, P«W".‘'‘]„‘;ConsutuUon or Anti-Union Evening Post,” commenced m 1799 , John Kice. ^nm (1791 to 1797); James Moore, no. 45 (1785), publisher of „ Union,” a paper established on the model of the by Burro wes, Plunket, Bushe, Wallace, Goohl fn this n iper fhr&stTurer rwh‘?chrs Sd ^"th December. 1798. te"rrb"pTbl“iepS^^^ S productionsUolord Castlereagh, by Enc^^^^^^ The largest work published by Moore was an '^^*5'®" ^ y g (Jgs), p^dia Britannica” in twenty volumes quarto. . • J:Larv,’’ a most eccentric and talented man, kept the Apo -Dubiished a no. 5 College-green, corner of Anglesea-street where he large number of ballads and jeux d esprit aga + Dowlincr of whom we shall hereafter give a further account was prtadpM Author of the periodical entitled, “Proceedings and De- ' G THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. streets from the castle being lined with soldiers. The proces- sion, composed of the viceroy, lord mayor, sheriffs, aldermen, lord chancellor, judges, provost of Trinity college, commis- sioners of revenue, and other civil and military officers, together with those who had been present at the castle, moved through Dame street and College-green to Stephen's green, round which they marched, and then returned in the same order to College-green, where they paraded thrice round the statue, over which, after the procession had retired, three vollies of musketry were discharged by the troops. Sir Constantine Phipps, while lord justice during the reign of queen Anne, endeavoured to abolish this custom by refusing to join in the procession; he was, however, frustrated in his design by the high sheriff, William Aldrich, a violent ascen- dancy partizan, who placed himself at the head of the assem- blage and led them through the usual circuit, leaving sir Constantine almost deserted in the castle. In the early part ot the last century, the spirit of Jacobitism, which prevailed to a considerable extent in the university of Dublin, combining j ^^ischief, and a desire to revenge the insult otiered to their alma mater by placing the king^s back towards ^ the gate of the college, incited the students to offer repeated indignities to the statue. It was frequently found in the morning decorated with green boughs, covered with filth, or dressed up with hay, and it was also a common practice to set a straw figure astride behind that of the king. These insults were but trivial to the ill treatment the statue received on the night of Sunday, the 25th June, 1710, when some persons covered the king s face with mud, and deprived his majesty of his sword and truncheon. On the following Monday, the house of lords resolved, ^^That the lord chancellor, as speaker, do, as from this house, forthwith attend his excellency, and acquaint him, that the lords, being informed, that great indijr- mties were offered last night, to the statue of his late majesty king VVilliam of glorious memory, erected on College-green, to shew the grateful sense this whole kingdom, and particularly bates of the parliament of Pimlico, in the last session of the eigh- Prila*' .“"‘'“■•f-. Tripilq : published by the executors of Judhh Preel, late printer to his Dalkeian majesty, and sold at S, Col- lege-green, and by all the flying stationers. Price Four Camacks.” This publication was succeeded by the “ Olio or Anythingarian Miscel- Cal1xcfa°u;e?n:umnre Compry.'”’^ h THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. the city of Dublin, have, of the great blessings, accomplished for them by that glorious prince, have made resolution,^that all persons concerned in that are euiltv of the greatest insolence, baseness, and ingratitude, and desire his excellency the lord lieutenant may issue a pro- clamation, to discover the authors of this ward to the discover, that they may be prosecuted and pur ishect accordingly.” One hundred pounds were consequently ot- feed for^ the discovery of the iconaclasts the house of com- mons returned the duke of Wharton their thanks for his prompt conduct on the occasion ; and, at the expen coZration, the statue was repaired and a new truncheon placed in its hand, with great solemnity, m the Presence of the twenty-four guilds of the, city. It having been subsequently discovered that the statue had been defaced by three young me , named Graffon, Yinicome, and Hap ey, the consequence, expelled from the university, condemned on 18th November, 1710, to six months imprisonment, to pay a fine of £100 each, and to be carried on 19th November, at 11 a.m. “ to College-green, and there to stand before the statue for ha an hour wIZthis inscription on his breast, <1 f “e to defacing the statue of our glorious deliverer, the late kiiie William.” ’* The latter part of the sentence n;as remitted bv Richard Ingoldsby, lord justice, and their fines were _re- dLed to five shillings, on the following petition, which is now printed for the first time : proposeingto getuppto the statue th^ ,^,3 prolic, come disswaded him evi/consequince of the fact, Vinicome not being sensible of the eviU conpqucut. , was drawn in by Harvey^ instigation to asast hi ^ Th fon though th^t l^e went alTy towards the Round Zretmetl^enZel "whatllie; had done, they were seized with • King’s bench rule book, 18, November, 1710, M.S. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 2^7 confusion and sorrow for their folly, and being swayed by the notions they had of the dishonourableness of the character of an informer, they omitted their duty in discovering it on the proclamation issued to that effect, and afterwards one Markham haveing by insinuation and artifices obtained a confession from the said Vinicome, and dis- covered the same, and had the said Gratfon and Yinicome appre- hended and prosecuted, aggravating severall circumstances of the crime, beyond what really they were, and that Graffon and Yinicome have been severally punished by the college to the utter ruin of all their hopes from the relation they had to that venerable body, and have been also most severely sentenced in the queen’s bench to an infamous punishment, besides imprisonment and such a fine as they are noe^ way able to pay, and have already suffered about three months imprisonment in miserable circumstances, to the great hazard of their health, and with so great expense and inconveniency that they can scarcely hope to recover from the ill effect.’* On the 11th of October, 1714, some profligate persons, disaffected to his majesty's government, did in the night time offer great indignities to the memory of king William, by taking out and breaking the truncheon in his statue the aggressors on this occasion do not appear to have been dis- covered, although government offered £100 for their conviction. .The Boyne, Enniskillen, Aughrim, and other Williamite societies formed in Dublin in the first half of the last century, were accustomed, on their anniversaries, to march under arms through the city to College-green, where, with drums beating, and colours flying, and with green boughs and orange cockades in their hats, they drew up in military array round the statue, and having discharged a general volley of small shot, proceeded in regular order to hear a sermon at one of the parish churches, after which they retired to partake of a banquet provided for the occasion, where they toasted the glorious pious and immortal memory of the great and good king William." In 1765 the sta- tue was taken down and replaced on a stone pedestal of greater elevation than the former pediment ; being, however, usu- * ally encircled by hackney chairs, it began to be regarded as I an obstruction to the confined passage through College-green. A watch-house, located on its eastern side, was inefficient to protect its base from being perpetually covered with filth, in consequence of which nuisance to the neighbourhood a pro- posal was made to remove it to the barracks. After the formation of the Volunteers, however, the statue regained its original importance from their annual musters in its vicinity, which commenced on the fourth of November, in the event- ful year, 1779 : ■2 THE IRISH aUAETERI.V REVIEW. <■ Being the anniversary of the birth-day of king William that happy instrument in the Lnds of Providence ,.>-^''07fhXlls fn H^^rom the arbitrary dominion of the Stuart line, all the 'n fhe cl y were rung at L opening of day, and the cit-ens decorated i\th orange ribbons. At ten o’clock in the 'h® d'" bodies of volunteers of this city and county, consisting o v^lry commanded by their own officers; the -rP^. ‘"e - y -d T ibprtv to the right of the county, commanded by his g^^^ce tne rkrS’L:int:r ;^and the county of mounted on fine hunters, uniform, scarlet with black ^ v with red plumes, white waistcoats, &c. They were ^ o-Jllant llwpd hv the Dublin Volunteers, under the command of our gallant ^ss^PiliPI march will be found in the Irish wls ‘‘ Paddy’s ad- most popular song among the peop Larry Grogan,’’ and dress to John Bull,” which was set to the mr of ^u.^ed gsgiig^ssfes* “ Rv vour leave, gossip John, by my faith, it s so long SinL^we play’d you a lilt, this same key on, same key on, tV„rarce!‘ir?tlng danei It ne’er enter’d your pate, that a sheep-sk , ;£S««SSS"S«., All loin the parade, and shout out— A tree traae Or else— you may leave it alone, sir, alone, sir. THE STEEETS OF DUBLIN. 7m boughs in their hats, 180 men. Lawyers’ company, under the com- mand of counsellor Pethard, uniform, scarlet, white waistcoats, &c. company, under the command of counsellor Caldbeck, uniform, blue edged with buif, buff waistcoats, &c., and colours, 70 men. This corps brought their train of two field pieces to the Green, where they fired several rounds, and wrought their pieces with much address. Merchants’ company, uniform, blue, faced with red, white waistcoats, &c., 170 men. — colours, orange, with Hibernia endeavouring to support her harp, and grasping the cap of liberty. Barony of Castleknock, Luke Gardiner, esq. captain com- mandant, 130 men j scarlet faced black, white breeches and waist- coat ; colours, &c. Barony of Ooolock, Richard Talbot, esq., captain; 150 men; scarlet faced black, white breeches and waistcoats. Up- percross Fuzileers, John Finlay, esq. captain; uniform, scarlet faced with black, white waistcoat and breeches, 30 men. The whole being upwards of nine hundred men ; at the discharge of a rocket, and taking the word of command from his grace the duke of Leinster, they fired three grand discharges; beginning with the Dublin V^olun- teers on the north side, and followed by the county Volunteers on the south, taking the word of command from captain Gardiner. So much order and regularity were seldom observed, even among vete- rans, nor was the uniform precision of their firing, perhaps, to be surpassed, by any troops in Europe. After this there was a discharge ot small cannon, which was placed in the centre; and the whole body of V olunteers then separated. The statue and pedestal of king Wil- ham was painted and ornamented in a very handsome manner, and to the shields of the four sides of the pedestal were hung the following- labels in large capital letters. 1. ‘Relief to Ireland.’ 2. ‘The Vo- lunteers of Ireland ; Motto — Quinquaginta millia juncta, parati pro patriamori.’ 3. ‘A short money bill’— ‘A free trade— or else!!! 4. ‘ ihe glorious revolution.’ The numbers of spectators on this occasion were almost incredible. Every avenue that leads into Col- lege green, was so crowded that all free .intercourse subsided until Now what signifies your palaver and lies, Can’t you speak the blunt truth, plain and civil, and civil • Can t you say, gossip Pat, you shall have this or that A free trade or— the road to the devil, the devil. ’ By St. Patrick, my name-sake, I wish for the game-sake To see how we’d take this last answer, last answer ’ Wot the cowar fy Yankees, e’er gave you such thank ye’s. Nor the thund ring armadas of France, sir, of France, sir. Our comnions grown wise, have now open’d their eves' And perceive their rent-rolls in a stew, sir, a stew, sir ’ Some steps must be taken for saving their bacon ’ As hanging or starving won’t do, sir, won’t do, sir A half-year’s money bill !— arrah, can’t you be still ? Bless your stars that it's more than a quarter, a quarter • Then grant our request-by my faith, you had best- Or, by St. Patrick, the next shall be shorter, be shorter. But make me your friend, and let all squahhles end. My old heart will be light as a feather, a feather ; Oh joyful hepts sing, and drink healths to the king. Oh, we 11 dance Baltiora together, together, ^ But rem^ber the drum, and take care how you hum • ^ or we 1 eagues are damn’d nice in our booze, sir, ouf booze sir We i make friends or fight, just as we see right ; ’ so I leave you at leisure to choose, sir, to choose, sir.” THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. ^yo THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. the whole was over. At every discharge of the musquetry, repeated huzzas were given by the surrounding multitude ; and every thing seemed to breathe that noble spirit of liberty and enthusiastic p^ri- otism which first gave rise to those guardians of our freedom. 1 he different corps of the Volunteers afterwards dined with their several commanders, and the day concluded with that happy good order and unanimity which should ever attend the firm resolves of a people engaged in the redemption of their freedom. After which the lor lieutenant, nobility and gentry, paraded round the statue. Tjie re- gular troops fired three vollies, and the day concluded with the most superb illuminations.” These proceedings, on the 4th November, 1779, formed the subject of a, painting . bjJrancis^jW]iea£^^^ been engraved by' Collyer, and is now in the possession ot the duke of Leinster. The following contemporary notices serve to ex- hibit the proceedings of the Volunteers on College green in the four years subsequent to 1779 : “ At ten o'clock in the forenoon (4th November HSO), the several Volunteer corps of this city and county, assembled in St. btephen s green, under arms, in order to celebrate the anniversary of the birth Ld landing in England of king William the third. At eleven a detachment of Gardiner’s light horse was despatched to wait upon the earl of Charlemont (who was appointed general for the day), at his house in Palace row ; and in an hour after, the appearance of the general at the Green being announced by a rocket, be was saluted by the cannon ; he then, accompanied by his aides de camp, Mr. ' ton and Mr. Stewart, rode along the line, who as passed did him military honours. This done, the general put himself at their head, and marched the army to College green, where having taken post round the statue in the usual manner, a grand feu de joie w^ hred. The duke of Leinster, lord Trimleston, Mr. Gardiner, sir Edward Newenham, sir Allen Johnson, Mr. Talbot, Mr. Deane, colonel Caldbeck, &c., &c., appeared at the head of ments and companies, whose excellent order and discipline deserve the highest praise. Shortly after the Volunteer army retired, the royal frmy from the barracks took their place in College PJeen, and also fired a feu de joie. The whole concluded with a pand proces- Sion of coaches, in which were his excellency the lord lieutenant, the right hon. the lord mayor and sheriffs, the nobility great offi- cers of state. The Volunteer army had all orange ^ the caparisons of the horses were likewise decorated with orange ribbands.” “Yesterday morning (4th November, 1781), the following mty and county corps of Volunteers, of cava rpnd ^ valry-Dublin tj^nion, county of Dublin light dragoons Rathdown coifhtyof Dublin carabineers, '°.tdP°'"®''scourt s carabineers, Do- nore horse, sir James Tynte’s light dragoons. Inf^^tq-Dub n, goldsmiths, merchants, lawyers. Liberty rangers, independent Dublin, THE STllEETS OF DUBLIN. builders, North and South Coolock, Upper-cross Fusileers, the Newcastle and Donore union, — and colonel Calbeck’s train of artil- lery, having determined to celebrate the birth and landing of William III. of glorious memory, assembled at St. Stephen’s green (as the fourth fell on Sunday), where they were reviewed by the right hon. the earl of Charlemont, from whence they proceeded to College green, attended by colonel Calbeck’s artillery, which fired three rounds of eleven guns each over the statue, and was answered by as many volleys from the several corps, who were drawm up round the statue, after which they marched to the royal Exchange, where they dispersed. There was a continual rain all the day, which greatly disappointed a vast number of spectators who were assembled on that occasion. The following inscriptions in large characters, were hung upon the pedestal of the statue of king William, when the Volunteers paraded in College green. 1. ‘ The Volunteers of Ireland.’ 2. ‘Ex- pect a real free trade.’ 3. ‘A declaration of rights, a repeal of the mutiny bill, &c. or else 1 1 1*’ 4. ‘A glorious revolution.’ “Yesterday (4th November, 1782J, being the anniversary of the birth day of our glorious deliverer, William the third, the several corps of cavalry and infantry of the county and city of Dublin met at ten o’clock on Stephen’s green, where they paraded under the in- spection of their revered general, the right hon. the earl of Charle- mont ; and from thence they marched in grand divisions through York- street, Aungier-street, Bishop. street, Kevin-street, the Combe, Meath-street, Thomas-street, Dirty-lane, Queen’s bridge, Arran, Inn’s and Ormond-quays, Essex bridge, Parliament-street, and Dame- street, to College green, where they formed a square round the sta- tue of king William, and fired three vollies, that would have been applauded even by the hoary veteran, Frederick the third of Prussia, though the greatest disciplinarian in the world ; after which the dif- ferent corps dined together, and spent the remainder of the day with that harmony and hilarity which did honour to independent citizens, and loyal subjects to the most amiable and best of princes. The regulars likewise fired three excellent vollies in honour of the day. On the pedestal of William the third’s statue appeared the following inscriptions: On the West side was ‘ The Volunteers of Ireland by persevering will (On the South side) Overthrow the fencible scheme, ( On the East side), ‘ Procure an unequivocal bill of rights, and (0« the North side), ‘Effectually establish the freedom of their country.’ ” “ This day (4th November, 1783), sacred to the glorious institu- tion of the Volunteers of Ireland, the troops mustered at the Ex- change and other parades, and were entirely formed in the Oreen by twelve o’clock, when the general, lord Charlemont, entered the field, escorted by Gardiner’s troop of horse, and was received by the whole with the usual honors. The troops after filed off, and marched throngh the principal streets and quays of the city, and formed the whole in College-green, round the statue of king William, and fired three of the best feux de joie that ever rent the air. After the Volunteers had quit College-green, the troops in garrison lined the 8 E the IRISH dUAllTERLY REVIEW. msr streets from the castle to College-green,* and his excellency the lord lieutenant, attended by an escort of horse, and a vast number of the nobility and gentry in their carriages, went round Stephen s- - Towards the year 1766 a proposal was made to erect a monument to Swift, on College-green; and about 1772 the building of law courtl iA the sarnl locality was contemplated The taverns and cotfee-houses on College-green were the ‘ Parliament coffee-house (1706); “Jack’s coffee-house (1706); the Bear tavern (1741), in which the charitable music society, for the ^^hef of distressed families held their meetings, it was also much frequented by the collegians, and in it the “ brethren of the select club” (1753) ^^ed to assemble on the first Friday of every month; Hughes’s club. No. 28 (1787), subsequenSy kept by Patrick Connor. Of Daly’s original club house in Dame-street, we have already given some account ;^e magmficen new edifice, built by F. Johnston, extending from the corner of Anglesea- street to Foster-place, was opened for the first time, with a grand dinner on the sixteenth of February, 1791 . The house was furnished m a most superb manner, with grand lustres, inlaid tables, and marble chimney nieces the chairs and sofas were white and gold, covered with the richest “ Aurora silk ” For the convenience of members, a foot path, across Foster-place, led from the western portico of Parliament house, to a door since converted into a window, on the eastern front of the club Cse opening on a hall and staircase, the latter communicating with the p Ancupal portions of the building on College-green. Daly’s was the chief resort of the aristocracy and members of parliainent, and many extravagant scenes of gambling and dissipation are said to have been enacted\ere by the members of the “ Hell-fire club, and similar who used to assemble within the building The magnifi- cence of this club house excited the surprize and admiration of travellers, who concurred in declaring it to be the grandest edifice of the kind in Europe. “ The god of cards and dice, says a )^riter in < 94, ‘‘has a temple, called Daly’s, dedicated to his honor in Dubhn, much more magnificent than any temple to be found in that city dedicated to Sie G^d ?f the universe.” The wealth of Dublin, resulting from the pre- sence of the aristocracy and parliament, ivas at this period very great, and the prediction of its decline in consequence of an union formed one of the sLngest arguments of the opponents of that measure. William Smith, appointed a baron of the exchequer of the union, made the following observations on this subject in the foaie of commons on the 24th of January. ' 799 ' -hen he endeav^^- ed to argue that the metropolis would not suffer by such a m^- sure- “The splendour of Dublin, I take to be artificial. It is not such a symptom of general national S-^eatness, as that given the wealth of Dublin, you can measure the prosperity of Ireland. The relies ol Dublin (and so must be the case of every metropolis) arise from an ac- cumulation, and determination of consumption, “‘‘‘at quarter ; a mere concentration of national expense. Dubhn might be less gieat yet Ireland equallv prosperous ; the same wealth would not the less exist because it circulated more -‘‘‘uly.--The metropohs would for some n^ have those attractions which it boasts at present ; and ‘ « consequence? That our noblemen and gentry, countV, would live, and spend their money, “““.f 'y- ?”offee! their tenants, and on their estates. Daly also rented the Cur » house in the town of Kildare, where he died and was succeeded in the club THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. green. After their return to the castle the army fired three rounds, which were answered by the guns at the salute battery in the park. Around the statue of king William were labels, in large characters, with the following inscription; ‘ The Volunteers of Ireland, having overturned the cadaverous simple repeal, must now effectuate an equal representation of the people.’ ” The spirit of toleration and equality becoming disseminated more widely, exhibited the anomaly of rendering annual honors to the memory of a monarch who had been instrumental in ruining the commerce of the country, and whose name had in Ireland been unscrupulously used as a pretext for despoiling and oppressing those who desired to exercise liberty of con- science. The Volunteers also reflected that their own greatest achievement had been the abrogation of the disabilities imposed upon Ireland by William, and they found that England, not- withstanding the boasted advantages derived from the glo- rious revolution,'’^ paid but little respect to the memory of the prince of Orange. The corporation of London, in 1731, re- fused to permit a monument to his memory to be erected within their jurisdiction, and the spot at Brixham, where in 1688 he first set foot on English land, was only distinguished by a paltry iron railing, erected at the cost of a few shillings. The people also, at this period, became deeply tinctured with the sentiments of those writers who declared that William merely undertook the expedition to Great Britain as a commer- cial speculation, and that by it he realized considerable profit, independent of £600,000, which the nation had to pay for the fleet which conveyed him from Holland.^ These considerations. house by Mr. Peter Depoe, who paid the same rent for the premises as his predecessor — £600 per annum. Lysaght’s prediction of the decline of the club, as quoted at page 751, was verified in the course of a few years, when, the aristocracy becoming absentees, the establishment was deprived of the necessary support. Depoe retired from it in 1823, and the building is now occupied by insurance and other offices. The ap- pearance of College-green befo re a nd after the Union is admirably ex- t hibited in two spirited etchings, published by 1Stbckdale‘”Of Uoirdbn in t he year 1812. It may be added, that during the sitting of parlia- ' ment, no carts or heavy vehicles were allowed to pass through College- . green or Dame-street. This prohibition, enforced by the lord mayor’s f authority, was found necessary to prevent obstructions or accidents to the vast number of costly equipages which usually thronged the ap- proaches to the parliament house during the session. • See also, in the first paper of this series, page 55, the details of the shameful manner in which William III. and the English parliament defrauded the Enniskilleners and other Williamite troops of their pay. THE IKISH QUAIITERLY REVIEW. combined with a desire of no longer outraging the feelings of their fellow-subjects, induced the Volunteers to discontinue their annual procession round the statue on the 4th of No- vember, and from that period they appeared on parade with green cockades in place of the orange ribands, which they had been accustomed to wear. This prospect of unanimity presented a formidable aspect to intriguing politicians, with whose ulterior views it was totally at variance. The Volunteers were disbanded. United Irish associations were organized, and Orange societies formed, whose gathering spell was William^s name,^^ and on whose medals and certificates repre- sentations of the statue were engraved. The spirit of discord was thus revived with additional force. On the 12th of July and the 4th of November, the statue was annually coloured white, decorated with orange lilies and with a flaming cloak and sash ; the horse was caparisoned with orange streamers, and a bunch of green and white ribands was symbolically placed beneath its uplifted foot. The railings were also coloured orange and blue, and every person who passed through Col- lege-green on these occasions was obliged to take off his hat to the statue. These annual decorations were at the expense of the corporation, to whom the paraphernalia were sup- plied, for many years, by William Mac Kenzie, a bookseller on College-green, who was known in the city as the man milli- ner to king William."’^ Such exhibitions were naturally pro- ductive of much acerbity. During 1798 the sword was wrested from the side of the statue ; and Walter Cox, by trade a gun- smith, attempted to file ofi‘ the king's head, but having mis- calculated that the statue was composed of brass, he was obliged to decamp without effecting his object ; deep traces of the “ limse labor" of the editor of the Irish Magazine" were, subsequently, discovered on the neck of the statue. In 1805, the 4th of November falling on Sunday, the usual procession was postponed to the ensuing day. At midnight on Saturday, the 3rd of the month, the watchman on duty in College-green was disturbed at his post by a painter, who stated that he had been sent by the city decorator to prepare the statue for the approaching ceremony, adding that the ap- prehended violence of the people had rendered it advisable to have this office performed at night. Having gained access to the monument, the artist plied his brush industriously lor some time, and on descending requested the watchman to take THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 'lyS' ■mf care of the painting utensils, which he left on the statue, while he repaired to his employer’s warehouse for some material ne- cessary for the completion of the decoration. The night, however, passed away without the return of the painter, and at day-break on Sunday the statue was found completely covered with an unctuous black pigment, composed of tar and grease ; the vessel which had contained the mixture being suspended from a halter placed round the king’s neck.* This act caused the most violent excitement amongst the Orange societies in the city, and had the adventurous artist been discovered, the consequences might have been serious. On this occasion a Dublin wit happily applied to the statue the classic line — Hie niger est, hunc tu, Romane, caveto !” The usual ceremonies were performed round the monument on the Monday after this affair; but in the succeeding year, the duke of Bedford, then lord lieutenant, refused to sanction the fpro- cession by his presence. The annual decorations were, not- withstanding, regularly performed ; the practice of firing vol- lies over the statue was, however, discontinued, and sir Abraham Bradley King, lord mayor in 1820-21, endeavoured unsuccess- fully to abolish the observance altogether. Immediately pre- ^ * This transaction was chronicled as follows in a street ballad set to the air of the old Dublin gaol song — “The night before Larry was stretched:” 5 s . “ The night before Billy’s birth day, Some friend to the Dutchman came to him, And though he expected no pay. He told the policeman he’d do him ; For, said he, ‘ I must have him in style, The job is not wonderful heavy. And I'd rather sit up for a while, Than see him undress'd at the levee. For he was the broth of a boy.' Then up to his highness he goes, And with tar he anointed his body, So that, when the morning arose. He look’d like a sweep in a noddy ; It fitted him just to the skin. Wherever the journeyman stuck it. And after committing the sin, ‘ Have an eye,’ said he, ‘ Watch, to the bucket. For I have not done with him yet.’ * * * * The birth-day being now very nigh, And swaddling clothes made for the hero, A painter was sent for to try. To white-wash the face of the negro ; He gave him the brush, to be sure, But the first man so deeply did stain him, Th^at the white -wash effected no cure. Faith, the whole river Boyne would not clean him ! And still he remains in the dirt.” ^ nr: c ^ ^ ^ m THE HUSH QUAIITETILY REVIEW. vious to the visit of George IV. to Ireland, it was agreed that the Protestants and Eoman Catholics of Dublin should, during his majesty’s stay, lay aside their party differences and assemble together at a public banquet to entertain the king. This ar- rangement was nearly dissolved by some persons dressing the statue, as usual, on the 12th of July, 1821 ; a reconciliation, was, however, effected by the lord mayor s declaration that it had been done in defiance of his orders and without his knowledge. At half-past four o’clock on the morning of Priday, the 12th of July, 1822, a body of Orangemen marched in procession to College-green, bearing the customary paraphernalia with which they proceeded to decorate the statue, as usual, amid cheers and vociferations. At that early period, and during the day, several persons expressed their disapprobation of the exhibition. Towards nine in the evening a considerable crowd had collected round the statue, and much excitement prevailed, the people having seized and beaten an Orangeman who had drawn a cane-sword. About ten o^ clock the four lamps surrounding the statue were demolished, and a few active young men in- stantly mounted the pedestal, tore down the orange lilies and insignia and flung them in the kennel. At this juncture the Orangemen, aided by a detachment of police and yeomanry, having obliged the populace to retire, took up their station round the monument, and with shouts of triumph, which alarroed the whole neighbourhood, maintained their position, obliging all passengers to take off their hats to the statue. At 11 p.m. these proceedings terminated : a party of yeomanry, in uniform, unrobed the figure, and the trappings were removed in a hackney coach to Daly’s tavern in Werburgh-street, which had formed the head quarters of the Orangemen during the day. Several persons having been severely wounded during this affray, and there being reason to apprehend that dangerous results might ensue on the next Ith November, the lord mayor, John Smith Eleming, issued a proclamation on the 21st of October, 1822, prohibiting the '^decoration of the statue or affixing thereto any emblem, ornament, or device whatever, with a view to the approaching anniversaries. ’ Since the promulgation of this decree the annual processions and deco- rations have been abandoned. The last demonstration heie was during lord Anglesey’s vice-royalty, when the repeal pro- cessions of the trades of Dublin, headed by the gentleman who now holds the office of attorney general to her Bri- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. m tannic majesty at Gibraltar, marched round the statue of William, on their way to present an address to Daniel O^Con- nell, at Merrion square, — a circumstance which a writer of the day compared to the proceedings in 17 13, at the statue of Charles II. in Parliament close, Edinburgh, when the Scotch repealers drank queen Anne’s health, that of all true Scotchmen, and the dissolution of the union.'’^ The latest, as well as the most ingenious and successful assault on the monument was made in 1836. During the month of March in that year three attempts were made to blow it up : Thomas Smith, a watchman who was located at the college gate, on one of these occasions discovered a lighted match attached to the statue, and removed it with his pole. On a closer examination he found, in a hole, upon the horse’s side, a nail joined to a long string of hemp, one yard of the latter being on the exterior, and two yards in the interior of the body of the leaden horse. The discovery was duly re- ported at the watch house, and although the latter was then under the management of a Conservative corporation, no pre- cautionary steps were taken. On the night of Thursday, the 7th of April, 1836, at a few minutes past twelve o’clock, a | light appeared suddenly on the side of the statue next to the bank of Ireland, and a few minutes afterwards the figure of the king was blowm several feet into the air, accompanied by a deafening explosion, which extinguished all the lamps in Col- lege-green and its vicinity. The figure fell at a considerable : distance from its pedestal, in the direction of Church lane, its t legs and arms were broken, and its head completely defaced by the fall : the horse was also much injured and shattered in several places. The mutilated representative of majesty was, next day, placed in a cart and conveyed to College street police office, where it was deposited in the hall, while an investigation was held relative to the circumstances connected with the outrage. The inquiry, however, elicited no important infor- mation, except that, on a careful examination of the riderless horse, a hole was found bored in its back, betw^een the right hip and the saddle skirt, and as there was no appearance of gunpowder having been placed in its body, it was sapiently concluded that the agency of fulminating sil- ver had been employed. The occurrence for some time furnished the newspapers and ballad singers with an in- teresting theme ; the Eoman Catholic party charged the 27 « THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Orangemen with the offence, while the latter repelled the imputation, and ridiculed a Liberal meeting held on the 25th of April in the Exchange, for the purpose of “ express- ing indignation at the outrage on the statue of king William III., and of devising means of bringing the perpetra- tors to justice.” Eewards of £100 and £200 were offered by the lord lieutenant and the corporation for the detection of the iconoclast, who was not, however, discovered, and the secret was well kept until the term of the information expired. Cobbett was said to have expressed his conviction that there never would be peace in Dublin until the statue had been de- molished ; and it was a singular coincidence, not hitherto observed, that this most successful attempt at its demolition was made during the vicegerency of the earl of Mulgrave, a direct descendant of sir Constantine Phipps, who, as noticed at page 759, was the first chief governor who essayed to abolish the annual manifestations of party feeling in our city. The corporation, with an economy for which they obtained little credit, issued notices that they would receive proposals from contractors to restore the statue, and the damages having been repaired, the king was once more reinstated in his seat, and exposed to public view on the first of the following July. Under the auspices of Daniel OUonnell and the late corpora- tion the statue was coloured bronze and placed in the condition in which it now appears. The railings and a fountain, on its western side, have been removed, and it now remains the old- est of the four exposed public statues in our metropolis, the others being tliose of two Anglo-German princes, and an En- glish admiral — a circumstance which has awakened the surprise of foreigners, who are unable to divine the cause why no monument has yet been erected to any distinguished Irish- man in the streets of Dublin. Art II.— the STREETS OF DUBLIN. NO. V. Grafton- STREET received its name from Henry Eitz Roy, first duke of Grafton, son of Charles II. by the duchess of Cleve- land ; the duke, who is described as a ''' tall black man,^'’ was born in 1663, and married Isabella, daughter and heiress of Henry Bennett, earl of Arlington. The duke of Grafton acted as high constable of England at the coronation of James II., whom he deserted on the landing of the prince of Orange, and received his death-wound while leading the grenadiers at the assault on Cork in 1690. On the western side of Grafton-street a reminiscence of the times of the Re- storation is still preserved in the name of Tangier-lane,'^ so styled from the fortress of that name in Africa, which formed portion of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza, queen of Charles II., by whom in 1662 it was made a free port and endowed with many commercial privileges, the expense of maintaining it being charged upon the Irish revenue. The total annual cost of this establishment appears from an official manuscript to have amounted to £42,338 12^. 2\ld., and it w^as specially ordered that all necessaries for the soldiers there garrisoned, as clothes, shirts, shoes, stockings, boots, belts, &c., should be always bought in Ireland, and no where else, and that at as easy rates as may be ” the lord lieutenant or other chief governor of Ireland being directed to appoint .some fit persons to supervise the buying of the said clothes and necessaries for the soldiers, so as the same may effectually be furnished good in kind and at the cheapest rates.'" We also find the commons of England in their address to the king in 1680, complaining that "'Tangier had been several times under Popish governors, that the supplies sent thither, had been in a great part, made up of Popish officers and soldiers, and that the Irish Papists had been the most coun- tenanced and encouraged.’" The English treasury not being able* to defray the expense of the maintenance of Tangier, and the Irish having repeat- edly complained of the injustice of taxing them for its support, the fortress was demolished by the king's orders in 1683. 2 THE IEI3H QUARTEELY REVIEW. The earliest official reference to Grafton-street occurs in a statute of the year 1708 ; the street had, however, been i^ar- tially formed some years before the close of the seventeenth century, at which period a considerable portion of it was set as wheat land, at the annual' rent of two shillings and six pence per acre. Sir Thomas Yesey, the benevolent and reli- gious bishop of Ossory, died in Grafton-street in 1730 ; and Louis Du Yal, proprietor of Smock-alley Theatre, and ma- nager of that establishment previous to the Sheridan regime, resided here as early as 1733. Mrs. Hebecca Dingley, the friend of Swift and the companion of Stella, dwelt in this street till the year 1743, at the house of Mrs. Eidgeway, daughter to Mrs. Brent, houskeeeper to the dean ; after the death of Stella, Swift used frequently to dine here, with Mrs . Dingley, whose peculiarities he has detailed in several poems, and to whom, conjointly with Mrs. Johnson, he wrote the celebrated Journal to Stella.^^ Gabriel Jacques Maturin, prebend of Malahidert, who in 1745 succeeded Swift as dean of St. Patrick's, resided in Grafton-street. He was born in 1700 at Utrecht, and was the son of Pierre Maturin, a Huguenot priest of Paris, who fled from the persecution of Louis XIY. to Holland and thence to Dublin, where his son received his education. Of the origin of this family the author of '' Bertram"" gave the following account : — « In the reign of Louis XIV. the carriage of a Catholic lady of rank was stopped by the driver discovering that a child was lying in the street. The lady brought him home, and, as he was never claimed, considered and treated him as her child: he was richly dressed, but no trace was furnished, by himself or otherwise, that could lead to the discovery of his parents or connexions. As the lady was a devotee, she brought him up a strict Catholic, and being puzzled for a name for him, she borrowed one from a religious com- munity, ^les Mathurins,’ of whom there is mention in the ^Jewish Spy ’ and who were then of sufficient importance to give their name to a street in Paris, ‘ le Rue des Mathurins.’ In spite of all the o-ood lady’s pains, and maugre his nom de caresse, my ancestor was perverse enough to turn Protestant, and became pastor to a Hugonot congregation in Paris, where he sojourned, and begat two sons. While he was amusing himself in this manner, the king and pere La Chaise were amusing themselves with exterminatmg the Pro- testants; and about the time of the revocation of the edict of Nantz, Maturin was shut up m the Bastille, w here he u as left for twenty-six years ; I suppose to give him time to reflect on con- troverted points, and make up his mind at leisure. With all these advantages he continued quite untractable ; so that the Catholics, THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. %%! finding the case desperate, gave him his liberty. There was no dan- ger, however, of his abusing this indulgence : for, owing to the keeper forgetting accidentally to bring him fuel, during the winters of his confinement, and a few other agremens of his situation, the poor man had lost the use of his limbs, and was a cripple for life. He accompanied some of his former flock, who had been grievously scattered, to Ireland, and there unexpectedly found Madame M. and his two sons, who had made their escape there via Holland. Here he lived and died ; his surviving son obtained the deanery of Killala, and his grandson that of St. Patrick’s : the dean of St. Patrick s was my grandfather. An old French lady, who lived in Bishop-street a few years since, was in possession of some of his infant finery ; and I have heard that the lace, though sorely tar- nished, was remarkably fine. I possessed formerly an immense mass of the emigrant’s manuscripts : they were principally in Latin, a few in French. He certainly was a man of very various erudition. The dean of St. Patrick’s was an able mathematician.” Maturin died in November, 1746, having held the deanery for little more than twelve months. John Hawkey, admitted a scholar of the University of Dublin in '17^3, and one of the most profound classical critics produced by Ireland, opened a school in 1746 in Grafton- street, near the college. His first publica- tion, a translation of Xenophon^’s Anabasis, was fol- lowed by editions of the following classics : Yirgilius, 1745, dedicated ""viris admodum eruditis, egregiisque literarum fau- toribus, prasposito sociisque senioribus academic S.S. et indi- viduae Trinitatis, juxta Dublin, ob insignem erga se munificen- tiamj^HIoratius, 1745, dedicated to primate Hoadly; Terentius, 1745, dedicated to the earl of Chesterfield; Juvenal et Per- sius, 1746, dedicated to Mordecai Cary, bishop of Killala; and Sallustius, 1747. Harwood and Dibdin, the most competent classical bibliographers, have highly extolled the beauty and accuracy of these editions, which were issued E typographia Academiae,'" containing the author's text, together with the 'Hectiones yariantes notabiliores." Hawkey also projected the publication of the works of Cicero in twenty volumes, uni- form with his previous editions; this work was not, however, ex- ecuted. In 1747 appeared his edition of Paradise Lost, com- pared with the authentick editions and revised by John Hawkey, editor of the Latin classics," which was followed in 1752 by the Paradise Eegained," and smaller poems of Milton ; both these editions, according to the learned English critic, the rev. Henry J. Todd, are "" highly to be valued for their ac- the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. curacy f and it is worthy of remark as indicative of the state of literary taste in Ireland at the time, that six editions of Milton's works were published in Dublin between 1747 and 1752. Hawkey* died in Grafton-street in 1759 ; his son, the rev. Samuel Pullein Hawkey, was appointed master of the free school of Dundalk, and published in 1788 a translation of the ''Gallic and civil wars of Csesar," dedicated to the bishop of Derry. Although the most learned critics have concurred in eulogizing Hawkey’s erudition, so neglected has our literary history hitherto been, that the present is the only account extant of the works published by him and his son. Ill Grafton-street was the residence of Richard Colley, esq., of Castle Carberry, created baron of Mornington in 1 7 46, and de- serving of notice as grandfather of the late duke of Wellington. His lordship, wlio was the first of his family who assumed the name of Wellesley, died at his house here in January, 1758, and was succeeded by his more talented son Garret, first earl of IVlornington, who resided in this street until the }ear 1763. Of the residents in Grafton-street in the last century few were better known in the city than Samuel Whyte, of whom no account has hitherto been given, although he published several works, and founded a school which maintained a high reputation for nearly seventy years. . ^ , Samuel Whyte, natural son of captain Solomon vv hyte, deputy governor of the Tower of London, first saw the light about the year 1733, under circumstances chronicled as fol- lows by himself : — « Born premature, such the all- wise decree. Loud shriek’d the storm, and mountains ran the sea ; Ah ! what, sweet voyager ! in that dreadful hour, Avail’d thy blooming youth ; thy beauty’s pow’r ? * Hawkey’s wife was sister of the rev. Samuel Pullein, A.M., author of “An Essay on the culture of silk; treating, 1. Of planting mul- berry trees ; 2. On hatching and rearing silk-worms ; 3. On obtaining their silk and breed ; 4. On reeling their silk pods; for the use of the American colonies,” 8vo. London, 1758. “Observations towards a method of preserving the seeds of plants in a state fit _ for vegetation during long voyages,” 8vo. London, 1760. “A new improved silk- reel,” Philosophical Transactions, 1759; “Of a particular species of cocoon, or silk pod from America,” ib. In consequence of these publi- cations, considerable numbers of mulberry trees ^yere planted in the county of Dublin, for the purpose of propagating silk-worms. 1 nllein was author of several poetical productions, including a translation ot Vida’s “ Bonibyx” or the silk-worm, 8vo. Dublin, and London: 1753 : his version will not, however, bear comparison with that pubbslied some years since by another Irish writer, the rev. Francis Mahony. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. She died ! — her breast with double anguish torn, And, her sole care, I first drew breath forlorn. Her nurse, when female aid was most requir’d. Faithful to death, kiss’d, bless’d her and expir’d ; The stout ship braved the elemental strife. And the good crew preserv’d my little life. Lerpool receiv’d and foster’d me a while, Call’d, thrice repuls’d, thence to Hibernia’s isle.” Solomon Whyte’s sister married Dr. Philip Chamberlain e, - prebend of Eathmichael, archdeacon of Glendaloch, and rector of St. Nicholas without ; their daughter, Frances Chamber- laine, who became the wife of Thomas Sheridan in 1747, is well known as authoress of Sidney Biddulph,” and Nour- jahad.” Samuel Whyte received his education from Samuel Edwards, the most eminent Dublin schoolmaster of his day, at whose academy in Golden -lane he was placed as a boarder, after leaving which he paid a visit to London, of which he has left the following reminiscence, which is the more interesting as being, we believe, the only account preserved of the latter days of the benevolent laureate’s daughter : — Cibber, the elder, had a daughter named Charlotte, who also took to the stage ; her subsequent life was one continued series of misfortune, afflictions and distress, which she sometimes contrived a little to alleviate by the productions of her pen. About the year 1755, she had worked up a novel for the press, which the writer ac- companied his friend the bookseller to hear read ; she was at this time a widow, having been married to one Charke, a musician, long since dead. Her habitation was a wretched thatched hovel, situated on the way to Islington in the purlieus of Clerkenwell Bridewell, not very distant from the new river head, where at that time it was usual for the scavengers to leave the cleansings of the streets, and the priests of Cloacina to deposit the offerings from the temples of that all-worshipped Power. The night preceding a heavy rain had fallen, which rendered this extraordinary seat of the muses almost inaccessible, so that in our approach we got our white stockings in- veloped with mud up to the very calves, which furnished an appear- ance much in the present (1790) fashionable style of half boots. We knocked at the door (not attempting to pull the latch-string) which was opened by a tall, meagre, ragged figure; with a blue apron, in- dicating, what else we might have doubted, the feminine gender. A perfect model for the Copper captain’s tattered landlady ; that deplora- ble exhibition of the fair sex, in the comedy of Rule-a-wife. She with a torpid voice and hungry smile desired us to walk in. The first object that presented itself was a dresser, clean, it must be confessed, and furnished with three or four coarse delf plates, two brown platters, and underneath an earthen pipkin and a black pitcher with a THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. snip out of it. To the right we perceived and bowed to the mistress of the mansion sitting on a maimed chair under the mantle piece, by a fire, merely sufficient to put us in mind of starving. On one hob sat a monkey, which by way of welcome chattered at us going in; on the other a tabby cat, of melancholy aspect ! and at our author’s feet on the flounce of her dingy petticoat reclined a dog, almost a. skeleton ! he raised his shagged head and eagerly staring with his bleared eyes, saluted us with a snarl. ‘'Have done, Fidele! these are friends.’ The tone of her voice was not harsh ; it had something m it humbled and disconsolate ; a mingled effort of authority and pleasure. Poor soul ! few were her visitors of that description no wonder the creature barked ! A magpie perched on the top rung of her chair, not an uncomely ornament ! and on her lap w^as placed a mutilated pair of bellows, the pipe was gone, an advan- tage in their present office, they served as a succedaneum ^ writing desk, on which lay displayed her hopes and treasure, the manuscript of her novel. Her ink-stand was a broken tea-cup, the pen worn to a stump ; she had but one ! A rough deal board, with three hobbling supporters, was brought for our convenience, on which without further ceremony we contrived to sit down and en- tered upon business. The work was read, remarks made, alterations agreed to and thirty guineas demanded for the copy. The squalid handmaiden, who had been an attentive listener, stretched forward her tawny length of neck with an eye of anxious expectation ! The bookseller offered, five! Our authoress did not appear hurt ; disappointments had rendered her mind callous ; however some al- tercation insued. This was the writer’s first initiation into the mysteries of bibliopolism and the state of authorcratt. lie, seeing both sides pertinacious, at length interposed, and at his in- stance the wary haberdasher of literature doubled his first proposal with this saving provisoe, that his friend present would^pay a moiety and run one half the risk; which was agreed to. Thus matters were accommodated, seemingly to the satisfaction of all parties ,* the lady’s original stipulation of fifty copies for herself being pre- viously acceded to. Such is the story of the once admired daughter of Colley Cibber, poet laureate and patentee of Drury-lane, who was born in affluence and educated with care and tenderness, her ser- vants in livery, and a splendid equipage at her command, with swarms of time-serving sycophants officiously buzzing in her train ; yet unmindful of her advantages and improvident in her pursuits, she finished the career of her miserable existence on a dunghill. Ihe account given of this unfortunate woman is literally correct m every particular, of which, except the circumstance of her death, the writer himself was an eye-witness.” At Dublin, where his father had fixed his residence, Samuel Whyte found attached friends in his relatives the Sheridans with whom he lived on terms of close intimacy. The aflair ot the Douglas medal, of which Whyte gives the following ac- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 'iSS' ■ 23 - count, shews that Sheridan entertained no mean idea of the talents of his young relative : — ‘‘ When the tragedy of Douglas first came out, Mr. Sheridan, then manager of the Dublin theatre, received a printed copy of it from London, which having, according to custom, previously read to his company, he cast for representation ; for it is true he highly admired it, and apprized the performers, it was his intention to give the author his third nights, as if the play had been originally brought out at his own house ; an unprecedented act of liberality in the manager, which, it was thought, would be wonderfully productive to the author. The first night, as the play had received the sanction of a British audience, the house was crammed, and the second night kept pace with the first. The printers meanwhile were not idle ; it now issued from the Irish press, and, unfortunately for the poor author, a dissenting clergyman, with an ecclesiastical anathema against him annexed. Things instantly took a new turn ; the play was reprobated, and considered as a profanation of the clerical cha- racter ; a faction was raised against it, and the third night, which was expected to be an overflow, fell miserably short of expenses. The manager was in an awkward predicament ; he was the cause of raising expectations, at least innocently, that could not be an- swered ; and stood committed to the author and his friends in a business which unforeseen accidents had utterly defeated. An un- feeling mind might have let it rest there ; but it was not an unfeeling mind that dictated the measure. Something must be done : and though the writer of this account was at the time a very young man, Mr. Sheridan was pleased to communicate to him his difficul- ties on the occasion. The first idea was to write a friendly letter to the rev. author, and accompany it with a handsome piece of plate. To this I took the liberty to object, for, as I understood he was not a family man, it might run him to expence in showing it ; which, in such a case, was a very natural piece of vanity, and surely in itself no way reprehensible. I rather thought something he could conveniently carry about with him would answer better ; suppose a piece of gold in the way of a medal, Mr. Sheridan thanked me for the hint, and advising with Mr. Robert Calderwood (of Cork-hill), a silversmith of the first eminence, a man of letters also and good taste, he threw out the very same idea, influenced by pretty much the same reasons. It was executed accordingly ; the intrinsic value somewhere about twenty guineas. On one side was engraved a laurel wreath, and on the reverse, as nearly as I remem- ber, at the distance of almost forty years, the following inscription : ‘Thomas Sheridan, manager of the Theatre royal, Smock-alley, Dublin, presents this small token of his gratitude to the author of Douglas, for his having enriched the stage with a perfect tragedy.’ Soon after I carried it with me to London, and through the favor of Lord Macartney, it was delivered to the minister. Lord Bute, for his countryman, the author of Douglas. But even this also he was near being deprived of ; on the road, a few miles from Lon- don, I was stopped by highwaymen, and preserved the well-meant THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 'l%(o offering, by the sacrifice of my purse, at the imminent peril of my life. It was considered merely as a sort of compensation for the disappointment in reprd of the third night’s profits, and certainly no proof of ostentation in the manager.” Johnson’s mistaken view of this subject, and his ungracious conduct towards Sheridan, to whose exertions he principally owed his pension, have been detailed as follows by Boswell under the year 1772 ; — « JbAnsow.— Sheridan is a wonderful admirer of the tragedy of Doufflas, and presented its author with a gold medal. Some years ago, at a coffee-house in Oxford, I called to him, ‘ Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Sheridan, how came you to give a gold medal to Home, for writing that foolish play?’ This, you see, was wanton and insolent ; but I meant to be wanton and insolent. A medal has no value but as a stamp of merit. And was Sheridan to assume to himself the right of giving that stamp? If Sheridan was magnificent enough to bestow a gold medal as an honorary ward of dramatic excellence, he should have requested one of the Universities to choose the person on whom it should be conferred. Sheridan had no right to give a stamp of merit : it was counterfeit- ing Apollo’s coin.” Solomon Wliyte^s estates in Longford passed after bis death in 1757 to Eichard Chamberlaine, bis nepbew. Samuel Wbyte being thus left but ill provided for, was induced by Tbomas Sberidan to entertain tbe idea of establisbing a school chiefly for tbe instruction of youth in tbe English language, tbe cultivation of which had been strenuously ad- vocated by Sheridan in his lectures on oratory, noticed in the first paper of this series. The influence of the Sheridans and their relatives having been actively exerted in favor of Whyte, he was enabled to open his “ English grammar school, at no. 75, Grafton-street,* in 1758, with considerable eclat, and among his first pupils were Eichard Brinsley and Ahcia, the children of liis relative Erances Sheridan, who was the friend and parent of his youth.^^ Whyte^s elementary treatise on the English language, printed in 1761, though not published till * This house is at present numbered 79 Grafton-street ; ■\\’'hyte s school-rooms were in Johnston’s-court. Moore’s father resided ^ tjjat court before his removal to Aungier-street, and the locality conspicuously in the scandalous chronicles of Dublin during the first ?h rty years of the reign of George III. On the opposUe side of he street stands “Little Grafton-street,” which was originally styled “ Span’s -lane,” from a family of that name who resided close to it m Grafton-street in the middle of the last century. ^ THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 25 1800, exhibits his qualifications for the profession he adopted, pid his talents were so fully recognized that he was solicited in 1759 to accept the professorship of the English language in the Hibernian Academy, founded in that year on the plan laid down by Sheridan. Conceiving, however, that the latter had not been honorably treated by the managers of the insti- tution, he declined the proffered chair, and applied himself assiduously to the business of his own establishment, which advanced so rapidly in reputation that before it had been many years founded he was enabled to reckon among his pupils the sons and daughters of the principal families in Ireland. When the pressure of accumulated difficulties obliged Thomas Sheridan to retire to France, Whyte en- deavoured to repay the obligations which he owed to his chief friend and benefactor. He not only rendered him pecuniary assistance while abroad, but also, although himself a principal creditor, by great^exertions in 1766 procured for Sheridan the benefit of a statute then pending for the relief of debtors. Having failed to obtain the signatures of any of the other creditors Whyte presented his petition, signed only by him- self, to the house of commons, by whom it was unanimously referred to a parliamentary committee, which Whyte was ordered to attend : — _ ‘‘The late lord viscount Doneraile, and the present (1800) lord viscount Northland, his earliest and most steady patrons, then in the Commons, received him at the door, and taking him by the hand announced him to the committee, saying, ‘ Here comes the worthy petitioner for Mr. Sheridan.’ This was an encouraging reception, and the prelude to a more signal instance of favor in the sequel. Standing at the foot of the table, the book, as is the usage, was handed to him ; but the test of an affidavit was dispensed with. Mr. Tottenham immediately rose, and addressing the chair, expa- tiated at some length on the purport of the petition before them, and the extraordinary circumstance of its introduction to the house. A creditor petitioning the legislature in behalf of his debtor, he observed, was very much out of the usual course, and the single in- stance of the kind, he believed, that ever solicited the attention of parliament.^ Among other encomiums, of which he was by no means sparing, he said, it was a spirited and laudable exertion of friendship, evidently proeeeding from a disinterested principle, and in his opinion merited particular consideration and respect, adding, ‘I therefore move you, that petitioner shall not be put to his oath ; but the facts set forth in his petition admitted simply on his word.’ His motion was seconded by an~ instantaneous ay, ay ! without a dissenting voice. A few questions were then put, purely as it were THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. - 5 ^ for form’s sake, and petitioner was dismissed with repeated testimo- nies of applause and congratulations of success. The creditors, most likely, either did not wish or imagine he would carry his point j for when they found the business effected, they appeared in a combination to abuse him ; and not only reproached him for dling, as they called it, but affected to look upon him as responsible to them for the whole of their respective demands ; because, as they alleged, he had without their concurrence had recourse to parliament to their prejudice, and deprived them of the means of prosecuting their just claims. Some of them actually consul i-e a counsel, and took steps for the purpose of compelling him to pay them out of his own pocket. The idea may be now laughed at ; but the thing was very seriously menaced : and in his situation, unhackneyed as he was in the ways of men; of a profession too of all others the most exposed to anxiety and trouble, with at best very inadequate compensation, it must have been an accumulated grievance, and their vindictive malice not a little alarming. Whyte's son gives the following details of the subsequent relations of his father with Sheridan, whose dif&culties were perpetually augmented by his own unswerving principles ot rectitude : — “ The point being unexpectedly obtained, Mr. Sheridan quitted France, where he had been deserted by all his wealthy and pro- testing friends, whom his warm prosperity had graced ; and was once move happily restored to his native land. He arrived in Dub lin the latter end of October 1766, and on Monday, Februaiy 2nd following, appeared at Crow-street in Hamlet, and continued per- forming there for fourteen nights, with his usual eclat, eiMing with Maskwell in the Double Dealer, for his own benefit. That day, after dinner, he consulted my father, on the subject of calling a meeting of his creditors, a point he had sometimes in contempla- tion. My father warmly opposed it ; conceiving it likely to in- volve hini in fresh embarrassments, by exciting expectations which could not be gratified, and by implicated promises again endanger his personal safety, notwithstanding the measures recently adopted ; upon the whole, as savoring more of ostentation, to which my father was in all cases particularly averse, than any good it could pos- sibly produce. Perhaps his sincere wishes for the real honoi of Mr Sheridan, coinciding with a disposition naturally zealous, made him over earnest in his remonstrances ; some friends present not seeing, or, in compliment to Mr. Sheridan, affair in the light my father took it, over-ruled the aiguments he offered, and confirmed Mr. Sheridan in Pj^^po^ 5 acknowledged the propriety of being guarded ; and on March the 24th, 1767, the following advertisement Faulkner’s Journal : ‘Mr. Sheridan desires to at the Music-hall, in Fishamble-street, on Thursday 2nd of Apr 1, at one o’clock, in order to concert witli them the most speedy and effectual method for disposing of his effects and making a dividen . THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. My father attended, as Mr. Sheridan made it a point ; but purposely delayed till the business of the congress was nearly settled, that he might not be called on for his opinion. Soon after his entrance, Mr. Sheridan, who was on the look out, accosted him, ‘ Sam ! I am glad to see you are come’-— my father bowed — ‘I perceive you are not satisfied with the measure.’ ‘ Indeed, sir, I am not.’ Mr. Sheridan paused, and perhaps on reflection, when too late, was convinced he had taken a precipitate step. A cool- ness succeeded between the two friends ; this was fomented by the officiousness of others, which occasioned a disunion of some continuance ; but not the smallest appearance of animosity or recrimination occurred on either side ; their spirit was above it ; on the contrary, many acts of kindness and mutual good offices took place in the interval, which showed a wish for the restoration of amity on both sides, if any one about them had been honest enough to promote it. My father, still bearing in mind the obliga- tion he owed to Mrs. Sheridan, who was the friend and parent of his youth, continued, without abatement, his attachment to her children ; they, on a proper occasion, interposed ; the parties were brought together, and their difference no more was remembered. It is to this difference between Mr. Sheridan and him, my father alludes in his elegy on the instability of affection, which stands the third in order in the new edition of his poems : — • One friend, one chosen friend, I once possess d. And did I in the hour of trial fail ? Still be his virtues, his deserts confessed ; But o’er his lapses, Memory, drop the veil.’ The last office of kindness he had it in his power to render him, was at his lodgings in Frith-street, Soho, He supported him from his apartment down stairs, and helped him into the carriage that took him to Margate, where, the ninth day after, death obliterated every thing— but his virtues.” His illustrious pupil, Moore, has left the following no- tices of Whyte, whom he addressed in one of his earliest poetical attempts as the heaven-born votary of the laureFd Nine As soon as I was old enough to encounter the crowd of a large school, it was determined that I should go to the best then in Dub- lin, — the grammar school of the well known Samuel Whyte, whom a reputation of more than thirty years’ standing had placed, at that time, at the head of his profession. So early as the year 1758, a boy had been entrusted to this gentleman’s care, whom, after a few years’ trial of his powers, he pronounced to be ‘ a most incorrigible dunce.’ This boy was no other than the afterwards celebrated Richard Brinsley Sheridan ; and so far from being ashamed of his mistake, my worthy schoolmaster had the good sense often to mention the circumstance, as an instance of the difficulty and rashness of forming any judgment of the future capacity of children. The circum- THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 3S- stance of my having happened to be under the same schoolmaster with Sheridan, though at so distant an interval, has led the writer of a professed memoir of my life, prefixed to the Zwickau edition of my works, into rather an amusing mistake : — ‘ His talents,’ he is pleased to say of me, ‘ dawned so early, and so great attention was paid to his education by his tutor, Sheridan, that,* &c. &c. The talent for recitation and acting which I had so very early manifested, was the talent, of all others, which my new schoolmaster was most inclined to encourage ; and it was not long before I attained the honor of being singled out by him on days of public examination, as one of his most successful and popular exhibitors, — to the no small jealousy, as may be supposed, of all other mammas, and the great glory of my own. As I looked particularly infantine for my age, the wonder was, of course, still more wonderful. ‘ Oh, he is an old little crab,’ said one of the rival Cornelias, on one occasion of this kind, ‘he can’t be less than eleven or twelve years of age.’ ‘ Then, madam,’ said a gentleman sitting next her, who was slightly ac- quainted with our family, ‘ if that is the case, he must have been four years old before he was born.’ This answer, which was reported to my mother, won her warm heart towards that gentleman for ever after. To the drama and all connected with it, Mr. Whyte had been through his whole life warmly devoted, having lived in habits of intimacy with the family of Brinsley Sheridan, as well as with most of the other ornaments of the Irish stage in the middle of the last century. Among his private pupils, too, he had to number some of the most distinguished of our people of fashion, both male and female ; and of one of the three beautiful misses Montgomery* who had been under his tuition, a portrait hung in his drawing-room. In the direction of those private theatricals which were at that time so fashionable among the higher circles in Ireland, he had always a leading share. Besides teaching and training the young actors, he took frequently a part in the dramatis personge himself ; and either the prologue or epilogue was generally furnished by his pen. Among the most memorable of the theatricals which he assisted in, may be mentioned the per- formance of the ‘ Beggar’s Opera,’ at Carton, the seat of the duke of Leinster, on which occasion the rev. dean Marley, who was af- terwards bishop of Waterford, besides performing the part of Lockit in the opera, recited a prologue of which he was himself the author. The Peachum of the night was lord Charlemont ; the Lucy, lady Louisa Conolly ; and Captain Morris (I know not whether the ad- mirable song writer) was the Macheath. At the representation of ‘ Henry the Fourth,’ by most of the same party, at Castletown, a prologue written by my schoolmaster had the high honor of being delivered by that distinguished Irishman, Hussey Burgh ; and on * Daughters of sir William Montgomery, bart. Eliza, the eldest, married lord Mountjoy ; Barbara, the second, became the hon. Mrs. Beresford ; and Anne, the youngest, was subsequently marchioness of Townshend. Moore’s above remarks, relative to liimself, are confirmed by the reference to his acting in the verses quoted at p. 32. THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. 39 / another occasion, when the masque of Comus was played at Carton,* his muse was associated with one glorious in other walks than those of rhyme — the prologue of the piece being announced as ^ written by Mr. Whyte, and the epilogue by the rt. hon. Henry Grattan.’ It has been remarked, and I think truly, that it would be difficult to name any eminent public man, who had not, at some time or other, tried his hand at verse ; and the only signal exception to this re- mark is said to have been Mr. Pitt. In addition to his private pupils in the dilettante line of theatricals, Mr. Whyte was occa- sionally employed in giving lessons on elocution to persons who meant to make the stage their profession. One of these, a very pretty and interesting girl, Miss Campion, became afterwards a popular actress both in Dublin and London. She continued, I think, to take instructions of him in reading even after she had made her appearance on the stage ; and one day, while she was with him, a messenger came into the school to say that ‘ Mr. Whyte wanted Tommy Moore in the drawing-room.’ A summons to the master’s house (which stood detached away from the school on the other side of a yard) was at all times an event ; but how great was my pride, delight, and awe, — for I looked upon actors then as a race of superior beings, — when I found I had been summoned for no less a purpose than to be introduced to Miss Campion, and to have the high honour of reciting to her ^ Alexander’s Feast.’ The pride of being thought worthy of appearing before so celebrated a person took possession of all my thoughts. I felt my heart beat as I walked through the streets, not only with the expectation of meet- ing her, but with anxious doubts whether, if I did happen to meet her, she would condescend to recognise me ; and when at last the happy moment did arrive, and she made me a gracious bow in passing, I question if a salute from Corinne, when on her way to be crowned in the Capitol, would in after days have affected me half so much. Whyte’s connection, indeed, with theatrical people was rather against his success in the way of his profession ; as many parents were apprehensive, lest, being so fond of the drama himself, he might inspire too much the same taste in his pupils. As for me, it was thought hardly possible that I could escape being made an actor ; and my poor mother, who, sanguinely speculating on the speedy removal of the Catholic disabilities, had destined me to the bar, was frequently doomed to hear prognostics of my devotion of myself to the profession of the stage.” On our days of public examination which were, if I recollect, twice a year, there was generally a large attendance of the parents and friends of the boys ; and on the particular day I allude to, all the seats in the area of the room being occupied, my mother and a few other ladies were obliged to go up into one of the galleries that surrounded the school, and there sit or stand as they could. When * Moore is here mistaken : of the performance above alluded to, which took place at Marlay, the particulars will be found in the Irish Quar- terly Review, Vol. ii., 312. the hush quarteuly review. the reading class to which I belonged, and of which I had obtained the first place, was called up, some of the boys in older and nearly twice as tall as myself, not liking what they deemed the disgrace of having so little a fellow at the head of the class, when standing up before the audience all placed themselves above me. Though feeling that this was unjust, I adopted the plan^which, ac- cording to Corneille, is that of ‘I’honnete homme trompe, namely, < ne dire mot,’— and was submitting without a word to what I saw the master himself did not oppose, when to my surpri^se, and, I must say, shame, I heard my mother’s voice breaking the silence and saw her stand forth in the opposite gallery, while , • room was turned towards her, and in a firm, ^lear tone (though m reality she was ready to sink with the effort), address herself to the enthroned schoolmaster on the injustice she saw about to be perpe- trated. It required, however, but very few words to rouse his at- tention to mv wrongs. The big boys were obliged to descen^d from their usurped elevftion, while I, ashamed a little of the exhibition which I thought my mother had made of herself, took my due station at the head of the class.” Whyte’s taste for the drama and for poetry was early de- veloped. Ill 1761 he had prepared two tragedies, flyj'rst of which was founded on the story of Abradatas and ran- thea, in Xenophon’s Cyropsedia ; the P ot of the second was identical with that of Walpole’s “Mysterious mo- ther.” A character in one of these plays had been written expressly for Sheridan, who undertook to perform it and to have the whole advantageously cast for representation, but Whyte committed both tragedies to the flames, together with some treatises which he had composed on English grammar. He could not, however, so readily divest himself ot his attachment to poetry; and at night, after the labors o iis school had been concluded, he spent maiiy solitary hours m composing what he vainly supposed would become ^ versm” The first fruits of these labors appeared m 177^.. m a large quarto volume of more than 600 pages, entitled The Shainrock ; or Hibernian cresses. A collection of poems, songs, epigrams, &c. Latin as w'ell as English, le origina productiL of Ireland. To which are subjoined Thoughts the prevailing system of school education, respect- on ing young ladies’ as well as gentlemen, with practical proposals for a reformation. By Samuel Whyte Principal of the English grammar school. Dublin : Printed “1 • Marchbank, in Cole’s-alley, Castle-street This work was published by a very large subscription, and the editor boasted that two-thirds of the verse and the entire of the prose and THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. notes had been contributed by himself. At the annual exami- nations, Whyte* usually had a play performed by his pupils, and in general the specimens of youthful proficiency exhibited on those occasions were quite marvellous. Thus, in the pro- logue to the tragedy of Cato in 1771, the speaker in ad- dressing the audience, says — We plead our years too — I am, sirs, only seven. Our Marcia’s nine, her father scarce eleven : But with great Cato’s sentiments impress’d, Honor and filial reverence fill each breast.” Whyte^'s pupils first performed this play on Christmas-eve, 1771, at the little theatre in Capel-street, for the entertain- ment of their private friends. The marquis of Kildare one morning on the stage started the thought, that if these boys repeated their play for the public at large, and money were taken at the doors (which was not done at first), the profits might be applied to some of the charitable institutions of * A Dublin writer in 1586 eulogises fls follows another schoolmaster of the same name : “In the west end of the churchyard (of St. Canice, Kilkenny), of late have been founded a grammar schoole by the right honorable Pierce or Peter Butler, erle of Ormond and Ossorie, and by his wife the countesse of Ormond, the ladie Margaret fitz Gerald, sister to Girald fitz Girald, the earle of Kildare that last was. Out of which schoole have sprouted such proper impes, through the painefull dili- gence and the laboursome Industrie of a famous lettered man, M. Peter White (sometime fellow of Oriall college, in Oxford, and schoolemaister in Kilkennie) as generallie the whole weale publike of Ireland, and es- peciallie the southerne parts of that island, are greatly thereby fur- thered. This gentleman’s method in training up youth was rare and singular, framing the education according to the scholer’s veine. If he found him free, he would bridle him like a wise Isocrates from his booke ; if he perceived him to be dull, he would spur him forward ; if he understood that he were the worse for beating, he would win him with rewards : finallie, by interlasing studie with recreation, sorrow with mirth, paine with pleasure, sowernesse with sweetnesse, roughnesse with mildnesse, he had so good successe in schooling his pupils, as in good sooth I may boldlie bide by it, that in the realme of Ireland was no grammar schoole so good, in England I am well assured none better. And bicause it was my happie hap (God and my parents be thanked) to have been one of his crue, I take it to stand with my dutie, sith I may not stretch my abilitie in requiting his good turnes, yet to manifest my good will in remembering his paines. And certes, I acknowledge myselfe so much bound and beholding to him and his, as for his sake I reverence the meanest stone cemented in the wals of that famous schoole.” THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. f>3r Dublin. Stuart, an actor, and a great oddity, clapped the marquis on the shoulder, with ‘ a good move, my lord.'’— ‘ Why, I think it is, Mr. Stuart,^ repeated lord Kildare, with the sense and good humor of his natural character. The plan was adopted, and succeeded to the delight of every feeling mind.^^ The dramatis personae were as follow : — THEATllE ROYAL, CROW-STREET. For the relief of the confined debtors in the different Mar- shalsea, on Thursday, the 2nd of January, 1772, will be performed, by the young gentlemen of the English grammar school, Grafton- street, the tragedy of Cato. Cato, Master Whyte. Lucius, Master George Carleton. Sempronius, Master John Bird. Juba, Master Anthony Gore. Syphax, Master Marnell. Marcus, Master William Holmes. Fortius, Master Lynam Decius, Master William Irvine. Lucia, Master Gibson. Marcia, Master Nugent. With an occa- sional prologue, by Master Richard Holmes. Dancing, between the acts, by Master M‘Neil; and singing, by Master Bird. After the play, by particular desire, Dry den’s Alexander’s F east, to be spoken by Master Whyte. Boxes, 11s. 4^d. Pit, 5s. 5d. Gallery, 3s. 3d. Second gallery, 2s. 2d. Stewards to the charity; Marquis of Kildare, earl of Bellamont, and lord Dunluce. ” The three Misses Montgomery, usually styled ‘‘ the three Graces,’^ superintended the decorations ; the band was entirely composed of gentlemen, and captain Trench and captain Tisdal stood sentry on the stage. The receipts of the night, amounting to £262 5s. 8d., were applied to procuring the liberation of eighty poor debtors from the Marshalsea. The annual dramatic performances at Whyte’s academy, and the subsequently distinguished career of many of the juvenile actors who engaged in them, are alluded to as follows in Master Benjamin Nun’s address to his school-fellows, at a public 'July examination (1790), the speaker having just com- pleted his tenth year : How many here, these thirty years, have been The little actors in this busy scene ! Here as the friend, the hero or the sage. Given the fair prospect of their future age ! How many here performed the mimick play, Like Tommy Moore, the Roscius of the day I Or, from this height, harangued the admiring train ; While echoing plaudits shook that crowded plain ! THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. -s& Less pleasing cares their present thoughts engage ; Less pure ambition rules their riper age. Some, rais’d aloft, who in the state preside, To their own gain the nation’s councils guide. Some, on whose lips a crowd of clients dwell, Swallow the fish and give to each a shell. On India some, or Afric’s groaning shores. From human sufferings heap their guilty stores : While some at home obnoxious places hold. And part with honest fame for ribbands, chains, and gold ! But happier some a better task pursue. With gospel showers the barren land bedew, Among the sick their healing cares dispense. Teach the young mind to ripen into sense. Extract its riches from the generous soil. Or crowd their native ports with foreign spoil ; On formless matter life and shape bestow. With new delights the paths of science strew, . Or active, urge the manufacturing band. While hundreds hang on their supporting hand.” Whyte's gratification in thus publicly exhibiting the re- sults of his scholastic labors, was alloyed by the know- ledge that the ill- success in life of some of his pu- pils had been ascribed to the taste for theatricals _ with which they had early been imbued at his academy. With a view of discountenancing such aspersions, he wrote and published in 1790 a poem entitled The Theatre, a didactic essay ; in the course of which are pointed out the rocks and shoals to which deluded adventurers are in- evitably exposed." In 3 792 Whyte's collected poems were published by subscription under the editorship of his son Edward Athenry Whyte, who became a partner with his father in the management of the academy;* this volume, which passed through four editions, was the premium generally pre- * In addition to his poems, Whyte also published the following works ; “ Miscellanea nova ; containing, amidst a variety of other mat- ters, curious and interesting, remarks on Boswell’s Johnson ; with con- siderable additions, and some new anecdotes of that extraordinary character : a critique on Burger’s Leonora ; in which she is clearly proved of English extraction ; and an introductory essay on the art of reading and speaking in public,” 1800. “The Beauties of History,” 2 vols. 12mo, Addressed to the Hon. Mrs. Beresford. “ The Juvenile En- cyclopaedia.” “Matho; or, the Cosmotheoria puerilis,” edited by S. Whyte, and addressed to Mrs. Tisdal. Holberg's Universal History, edited by S. Whyte. “A short system of rhetoric.” “Hints to the Age of Reason.” “ Practical Elocution,” &c. &c. 3 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. ^ ^ sented by the author to the most distinguished of his pupils at the annual examinations ; the prizes given to the less succes- sful candidates consisted of neatly-framed portraits of their master, engraved by Brocas from a painting by Hamilton. Whyte felt severely the* consequences entailed on Dublin by I the removal of the resident nobility and gentry subsequent to the Union, which event he survived eleven years, and died in Grafton- street on the 4th of October, 1811. His son Edward A. Whyte continued to conduct the business of the academy until the year 1824, when he finally closed the establishment, and retired to London where he ended his days. In the year 1766 a building styled the‘‘ Nj^gation-house was erected on portion of a vacant plot of ground on the Wes- tern side of Grafton-street, for the use of the commissioners of inland navigation, in pursuance of a statute passed in 1765 enacting ; '' That it should be lawful to and for the cor- poration for promoting and carrying on an inland navigation in Ireland, to apply so much of the duties vested in them by act of parliament, as should be necessary for building and fui*- nishing a convenient house within the city or county of Dub- lin, and furnishing the same with proper accommodations for the reception of the said corporation and assistants to meet and assemble in for putting in execution the several powers and authorities vested in them by law."’^ These commissioners had been incorporated in 1752 and provided by government with a large annual revenue for the purpose of opening the navigation of the Shannon. The mismanagement and incompetency of the members of the corporation were soon rendered apparent by their undertaking, J at nearly the same time, twenty-three different works, scarcely any of which were accomplished ; it having also been found ; that their expenditure of nearly six hundred thousand pounds ‘ was attended with comparatively unimportant results, the ‘ board was dissolved, and an act of parliament passed in 1786 i vested the Navigation-house in the crown. Shortly after this i enactment, the Irish Academy, which so early as May, 1785, ' had held meetings in the Navigation-house, presented a me- morial to the duke of Rutland, lord lieutenant, praying that go- vernment would allow them to occupy the vacant building*, and in j June, 1787, having received notification that their ptition had [ been granted, the Academy rec eived possession of the house, which it continued to Bold till the year 1852. This institu- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ^^7 tion was incorporated for the study of polite literature, | science, and antiquities by letters patent, dated 28th January, ■■ 1786, which recite that Ireland was in ancient times con- spicuous for her schools and seminaries of learning, and produced many persons eminent in every branch of science,^^ and that ‘‘ lately several persons in the city of Dublin had met together for their mutual improvement in the above studies, to which encouragement should be given every- where, especially in Ireland."’^ The first society of this kind established in the University about the year 1782, was called the ‘ Palseosophers.’ Their object was the investigation of ancient learning, particularly the fathers of the church. Dr. Perceval had just returned from the Continent, and introduced the new system of chemistry, then almost totally un- known, and little attended to in this country. The investigation of this had excited a kindred zeal in the pursuit of other sciences, and Dr. Percival proposed to Dr. Usher to establish a new society to promote it. In the year 1785, therefore, another association was formed. Their object was the investigation of science and modern literature, and they denominated themselves ‘ Neosophers into this, the ‘ Palseosophers’ in a short time merged. They met at each other’s houses, dined together once every fortnight, read essays, and debated : they kept regular journals of their proceedings, but pub- lished no transactions. From these emanated the Royal Irish Aca- demy, combining and enlarging the objects of both the former, and having distinct committees for the investigation of science, anti- quities, and polite literature. The original ^Neosophers’ wei'e, Drs. Usher, Marsh, R. Stack, Hall, Young, Hamilton, Waller, Kearney, F.T.C.D., Drs. Perceval and Purcel, M.D., Messrs. W. Ball and W. Preston, barristers.” The Eev. Robert Burro wes, B.T.C.D., by authority of the Academy, in 1787, gave the following account of the origin of the institution : — In the year 1683 William Molyneux was instrumental in forming a society in Dublin similar to the Royal Society in London, of which he was an illustrious member : much might be expected from an institution of which Sir William Petty was president, and Molyneux secretary,* had not the distracted state of the kingdom dispersed them so soon as 1688. Their plan seems to have been resumed without success about the beginning of the present century, when the early of Pembroke, then lord lieutenant, presided over a philo- sophical society established in Dublin college. In the year 1740 the Physico-historical society, two volumes of whose minutes are * Molyneux’s account of this society will be found in the third paper on the Streets of Dublin^ Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Still extant, was instituted : under their patronage Smith published his history of Waterford. And in the year 1772 the antient state of Ireland attracted the attention of the Dublin Society, who ap- pointed a committee for the express purpose of enquiring into its antiquities. The favourable reception their proposals of corres- pondence met with abroad evinced a disposition in foreign nations to assist the cultivation of this branch of literature, of which the Koyal Irish Academy acknowledge with gratitude they have al- ready received valuable proofs. The meetings of the antiquarian committee* after about two years ceased ; but the zeal of a very * The following reports of the two initiatory meetings of the anti- quarian committee of the Dublin Society are now for the first time published from the manuscript records ; “Dublin Society, May, 14, 1772. Resolved, That a standing committee be appointed to enquire into the antient state of arts and literature, and into the other antiquities of Ireland; to examine the several tracts and manuscripts in the possession of the society which have not been published ; and also, all other tracts on those subjects, of which the said committee can obtain the perusal. Resolved, That the said committee do consist of the president, vice presidents, the secretaries, the trea- surer, and the following members of this society : Lord Charlemont, Lord Moira, Sir Lucius O’Brien, bart.. Lord Bishop of Cloyne, Lord Bishop of Derry, Right Hon. Speaker of the House of Commons, Robert Trench, Esq., Rev. Dr. Leland, — Caldwell, esq.. Major Vallancey. Resolved. That our worthy member. Sir Lucius O’Brien, bart., be re- quested to preside as chairman in the said committee. “Monday, 18th May, 1772. At a meeting of the select committee of antiquarians. Sir Lucius O’Brien, bart., in the chair — Resolved, That the rev. Dr. Thomas Leland. and Charles Vallancey, esq., be appointed secretaries to the committeee for the present year. Resolved, That the Rev. Dr. Peter Chaigneau be appointed assistant secretary and librarian to this committee for the present year. Resolved, That the members of this committee will each subscribe the sum of three guineas annually towards the expense of this undertaking, and that the same be paid into the hands of our assistant secretary. Dr. Chaigneau. Resolved, That this committee will employ Maurice O’Gorman as their amanuensis at the rate of five guineas per quarter. Resolved, That the appointment of this committee be notified to the publick by an adver- tisement in the Dublin Journal, and that a request of the committee be made in the said advertisement, that such persons as are desirous and have it in their power to assist the committee in their researches, and contribute to this national undertaking, will communicate the titles of such ancient Irish manuscripts as may be in their hands, and an account of such other materials as they are possessed of, and which they think may be useful in forwarding the designs of the committee ; directed to Dr. Chaigneau at the Dublin Society’s house in Graf ton-street.” Having been informed by the chevalier Thomas O’ Gorman, that the Irish college at Paris possessed some ancient Irish manuscripts, the committee commu- nicated with that institution, which warmly entered into its views, and convened a public meeting at their college on 11th March, 1773, presided over by Richard Dillon, archbishop and primate of Narbonne, and to which all persons connected with Ireland were invited. These pro- ceedings resulted in the appointment of an auxiliary branch at Paris, and THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ^99 few of their members still continuing has given to the public several essays, since comprised into four volumes, entitled Collectanea de rebus Hibernicis. About the year 1782 the society from which this Academy afterwards arose was established : it consisted of an indefi- nite number of members, most of them belonging to the University, who at all weekly meetings read essays in turn. Anxious to make their labours redound to the honour and advantage of their country, they formed a plan more extensive ; and admitting such additonal names only as might add dignity to their new institution, or by their publications had given sure ground to hope advantage from their labours, became the founders of the Royal Irish Academy.” The following report of the earliest meeting on record of the Irish Academy, is now printed for the first time from the original document : y At a meeting of the original members of the Irish Academy of sciences, polite literature and antiquities, held at lord Charlemont’s, April 18, 1785 — The following resolutions were agreed to. I. That the Irish Academy of sciences, polite literature and antiquities, do consist of a president, a council of eighteen, and an indefinite number of members. _ II. That the council be divided into three committees, each consisting of six members, which committees shall have for their objects, respectively, the departments of science, po- lite literature and antiquities. III. That each of these committees meet every third week, and be empowered to form bye laws for the regulation of their several meetings, at each of which meetings every member of the Academy shall be invited to assist. IV. That a committee of finance be appointed consisting of six members, two to be chosen out of each of the aforementioned committees. V. That there be two public general meetings of the Academy in the year, at which meetings the titles of the publications, which have been ap- proved of by the several committees, shall be read, and candidates shall be balloted for, such as shall have signified their intentions of although the college of the Lombards had promised only a transcript of the book of Lecan, which was the sole valuable manuscript in their pos* session, that important document has finally found its way to this coun- try, and is now in the custody of the Irish Academy. Among those who took an active part in the proceedings of the Dublin committee were Dr. Carpenter, R. C. archbishop of Dublin, Sylvester O’Halloran, and Charles O Conor ; to the latter was committed the task of preparing for the press the manuscript of OTlaherty’s “ Ogygia vindicated,” pur- chased by the committee for twenty guineas from a Mr. Wilton of Galway, and published in 1775. The committee compiled a set of sixteen queries on subjects connected with the objects of their investigations, and ordered two thousand copies of them to be printed for circulation among the clergymen and most respectable in- habitants of the various parishes in Ireland. The meetings of the com- mittee were generally held at 7 p.m. in the College library, and they as- sembled for the last time on the 24th February, 1774. 300 ^ THi; HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. proposing themselves as members six weeks at least before the public meeting VI. That each fellow, on his election, do deposit two o-uineas in the hands of the treasurer, to be continued annually, or twenty guineas as a life subscr^tion. VII. That the president and council, with a treasurer and secretary, be elected by the original members of the Academy at lord Charlemont’s, and that the hrst Monday in May be appointed for that purpose. VIII. That an ex- traordinary general meeting be held on Monday, the sixteenth ot May, for the purpose of electing members who shall have been pro- posed on Monday, the second of May. IX. That the right reverend the lord bishop of Dromore, be requested to apply to the Antiquarian Society of London, and the Edinburgh Society, for copies of their regulations, and that the lord bishop of Killaloe and Doctor Ussher be requested to apply to the Royal Society of London and the Aca- demy of Berlin, for the same purpose. X. That an extraordinary meeting of this Academy be held at Col. Conyngham’s on Monday, the twenty-fifth of April, at eight o’clock in the afternoon. _ List ot original memhers : Earl of Charlemont. Lord Rokeby, primate of Ireland. Earl of Clanhrazil. Earl of Moira. Bishop of Killaloe. Bishop of Clonfert. Bishop of Waterford. Bishop of Dromore. Right Hon. John Hely Hutchinson, secretary of state. Right Hon. Denis Daly. Right Hon. Burton Conyngham • C^l. Vallancey. Doctor Murray, vice provost of T.C.D. Rev. Hugh Hamilton, dean of Armagh. Richard Kirwan, Esq., London. Edmond H^lone, Esq. Rev. Mfchael Kearney, D.D. Adair Crawford, MjD. London. Rev. Thomas Leland, D.D. Rev. W. Hales, D.D. F-T-C-D. George Cleghorne, M.D. Rev. Henry Us^5her, D.D., S.F. Rev. John Kearney, D.D., S.F.T.C D. F.T.C.D. John Purcell, M.D. Robert PercevM WD. Rev. Matthew Young, F.T.C.D. Dighy Marsh, F.T C.H Rct. Ceore-e Hall, F.T C.D. Rev. Richard Stack, F.T.C.D. Rev. V\ . Hamflton, F.T.C.D. Laurence Parsons Esq. William Preston, Esq. William Ball, Esq. Rev. James Archibald Hamilton, D.D William Deane, Ii.L.D. Sir Joseph Banks, London. R. Lovell Edgeworth, Esq. (Signed) Charlemont.” * This individual has occasionally been confounded with Timothy fT"loy”’ HLSden!y"of the lahi out 'in Sch funds as they shall think proper, and the interest of it to be disDosed of in such premiums as they shall thuik proper for the nrovement of natural knowledge, and other objects of their ’ He also bequeathed to the Academy all his botanical books and J^^oks of natS Sry and desired that all the residue of liis library should be natural 1 y, of them expended under the direction of fo?”h: Lademy. Cunnin^am died in 178q- from his will, registered in the prerogative court of aaiiterbury, it appears that his relatives were chiefly residents of Clonniel, Tubes, containing all the statutes, adjudged cases, resolutions, and judg- THE STEEETS OF DUBLIN. 50 / 50 " This Academy has already published twenty-two volumes of Transactions/^ and formed considerable collections of manuscripts and organic remains ; no attempt has, however, yet been made to give to the public a history of the institu- tion, nor to analyse the merits of its contributions to science, literature, and archseology. Next to the ''Navigation-house'' in Grafton- street, another large edifice was erected in 1766 by the Royal Dublin Society, whose early history we noticed in a former paper. The Society as- sembled for the first time inGrafton-street on the 3d of December, 1767, and from an unpublished map, executed by Thomas Sherard in 1796, we find that their house here had a frontage of fd^ feet in a style similar to that of the Irish Academy’s house. Of the schools, which were located at the rere and entered through a gateway which still exists, a late writer gave the following particulars : — “ This Academy consisted of three schools, with a master appointed to each, for the instruction of pupils in drawing, ments relating thereto,” 8vo. London : 1748, fourth edition published in 1777. “Law of bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank notes, and insurances, containing all the Statute cases at large, &c., ^thodically digested,” 8 VO. London: 1761, sixth edition published in 1778. “The Merchant’s Lawyer, or the law of Trade in general, ” London ; 2 vols. 8vo, 1762, third edition published in 1768. “ Practical Justice of the Peace, 1762 2 vols. 8vo. “ New and complete Law Dictionary, London : 2 vols.’ folio, i764, third edition published in 1782-3. “New Treatise concerning the laws for the preservation of game, containing all the statutes and cases at large,” 12mo, 1764. “ Report of cases argued and adiudged in the court of King’s bench, in the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th of George II., to which is prefixed, A Proposal for rendering the laws of England clear and certain, humbly offered to the consideration of both houses of parliament,” folio, 1766. “ Maxims and rules of pleadings m actions, real and personal, or mixed, popular and penal, 4to, 1771. “ History of the customs, aids, subsidies, national debts, and taxes^ ot England, from William the Conqueror to the year 1778,” third edition published in 1778. “ History and antiquities of the Inns of Court and Chancery,” 8 VO, 1780, republished in 1790 under the title of “Historical memoirs of the English laws.” “Historical accounts of the rights of election of the several counties, cities, and boroughs of Great Britain, containing the time when each of them was first represented in parlia- ment, and by what authority ; to which is prefixed. An Inquiry into the origin of elections to Parliament,” 2 vols. 8vo, 1783. “Law of Simony, containing all the statutes, cases at large, arguments, resolu- tions and judgments concerning it, particularly the case at large in the House of Lords, between the Lord Bishop of London and Lewis Eythcer, esq.,” 8vo, 1.784, “ Introduction to the knowledge of the laws and constitutions of England,” 8vo. Cunningham also compiled the general index to the Journals of the English house of Commons, and published “Magna Charta libertatura civitatis Waterford,” with an English version and notes, 8vo, Dublin : 1752. THE lillSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 50 ^ jtr free of expense. One for the human figure, one for land- scape and ornament, and one for architecture ; and many excellent painters have been made.under the creditable protection of the Dub- lin Society. The names of those 1 recollect, during my time, I shall set down, apologising to such as have escaped my memory, lest they should think me unmindful or negligent, wilfully. In figure — Barry, Tresham, Peters, Hamilton, Shee, Cregan, R. L. AVest, Foster, Danby, Rothwell, Cuming ; in miniature, chalk, and crayons — F. R. West, Haly, Sullivan, Collins, Madden, Pope, Stokers, Comerford, Cullen, Murphy, Byrne, Dunne, S. Lover ; in landscape and figure, including drawing masters — Barrett, Carver, Butts, the two Roberts, Ashford, Fisher, O’Connor, Ellis, the three Mulvanys, four Brocases, Tracy, Doyle, Moreau ; in architecture — Ivory, Sproule, A. Baker, Semple, Berrell, Taylor, Morrison, Byrne, young Baker. There has been a fourth school added to the academy for sculpture and modelling, where Behnes studied ; two promising young students, Panormo and Galaher, have also made great progress in this school. Mr. Smith, master When I was sixteen years old, I obtained three tickets from a member of the Royal Dublin Society, to admit me as a pupil to be instructed in drawing ; this was the usual mode of introduction. I first w^ent to the architectural school. Mr. Ivory was master, a gentle urbane character, but he appeared in a delicate state of health ; he con- signed me to his apprentice, Mr. H. A. Baker ; he became at Ivory’s demise the master, and has remained in that station to the present tim.e (1836). Mr. Baker looked rather sternly at me, at least 1 thought so at that time, and said, ‘ Ho ! I must get you into geometry.- I did not know what geometry really was, but I thought it was to get into trouble ; however, he, seeing my plight, assumed a cheerful look, which was his natural look, and said, ‘ Come, I’ll show you w^hat geometry is.’ He then put me to draw, and showed me the manner of using the instruments ; we have been ever since that time good friends, and I hope will continue so. I next went to the landscape and ornament school, Mr. Waldron the master. His appearance was not flattering, nor did his severe look and habitual frown encourage me to stay long at his beck ; for he seldom spoke, which was, I thought, a fortunate thing for me, his manner was so truly cheerless. I remained at his school about a month, and then I repaired to the figure school. A¥hen I entered the figure room, I was struck with the number of casts from the antique, the Hercules, Laocoon, &c., and felt a wish and hoped to be able to draw from those; in some time I delivered my card to the master, Mr. Francis Robert West, a worthy good-hearted man, but of peculiar manner. In person he was a smart, little, dapper man, very voluble in speech and rapid in delivery, used much action — even his features underwent many changes — opening his eyes wide — raising his eyebrows considerably and extending his mouth ; his language good, yet he was subject to digression and habitual conclusive words, such as ‘ yes, yes’ — doubt- less, no doubt’ — and other pet phrases, which seemed to carry decision in all his harangues. Add to these a peculiar quaintness of manner, an averted eye, and a simplicity of look, rendered him quite a cha- John Dwyer deserves a large meaa oi liianll A FINE OLD Dl) of the Mirus Bazaar for Widow Mercer’s Ho: Lord and Lady Iveagh gave a ball at Sir H in St. Stephen’s Green on the 9th inst., at pleasure and privilege of meeting their thr The Lord Lieutena young daughters-in-law, Dudley were present. “ The Poet’s Mystery,” translated from Mac Mahon, is a delightful change from the It is the love story of a poet, written by him: of the language of passion, in the delineatioi Latin races excel. But from the outset the c surrounded by tragedy— tragedy as pathetic off the stage, or even in the most tragic of lif MacMahon, who is a native of Cork, is know several Continental languages as with Englij is fortunate in being so satisfactorily introdu land of fogs. When the waltz first reached this country arms. She could not bear to see her dauJ gliding languorously round to the voluptud foreign tune. It was shocking, insulting, aJ lady waltzes herself now, without more emoJ she feels in having dinner. But now the lancers are on her nerves, we are told. 1 sometimes. Frocks suffer, and perhaps thi GRAF A FINE OLD DUBLIN MANSION. THE PROVOST’S HOUSE GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN, IN THE OLDEN TIME. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 506 racter. I presented my card ; he just looked at it, then glanced at me, and with head averted, said, ‘ So, you . human figure.’ I then directed his attention to the back of the card, on which was written, by the gentleman who gave it me, an order to he furnished with drawing materials, and he would pay for them. During his reading he was assailed by a number of boys with their sketches for his opinion ; he dispatched them quickly, with to one, the nose more in, the chin more out ; to another, your head is too large—yours has not got the turn— you must ^ace your figure in the^ centre-dash it out, and begin again! Your mo^th^s too much open and your eyes shut-you must sl^^tjour mouth and o^n your eyes ; having in routine given directions, he of the card. Another boy, with a finished drawing as he thought, submitted his production, ‘Oh! you have no character-you must labour until you get it, compare it, and amend— es, es . His yes, yes, was like sounding the letter s twice, the first a long s the second a small one. Then leaving his desk, he walked to the folding doors which opened to the figure-room, and calling John, he returned in quick pace to his post.— John returned with the materials, and Mr. West sketched a profile of a head, before me, to show me how to begin ; he did it very expertly, and with great freedom of hand ; he then desired John to place me at a desk with master Shee. feo John led me to the desk, and I was most happily placed ; for master fehee, though some years my junior, was capable and willing to assist me — - We also drew together at the architectural school, and I was induced to put up a sheet of geometry for the medal, but it was adjudged to master Shee, as was every medal he looked for in any of the schools.” The student here referred to was Sir Martin Archer Shee, author of Ehymes on Art,"" subsequently elected president of the Eoyal Academy of London. The Lublin Society continued to meet in Grafton-street regularly until the year 1796, when, having erected more extensive buildings in another locality, they sold their interest in their house here for £3,000, and the buildings known as 112 an d 113, Grafton-str eet have since been erected on its site. The Provost’s house, built on a portion of the College gardens, was occupied for a considerable part of the last century (1774 to 1794) by the Hutchinson family, in addition to which the following peers also resided in Grafton-street: Lord Kinsale (1778), Viscount Grandison (1783); the Earl of Lunsany (1786); Lord Newhaven of Carrickmayne (1791), and Lord Massey of Luntryleague. James Eeilly, a water-color miniature painter of some emi- nence, resided at no. 17 Grafton-street from 1774 to his death in 1788; and in the year 1776 Edward Hudson, a native of THE IRISH QUARTERLT REVIEW. 50U :Sr Castlemartyr, Co. Cork, the most eminent dentist of his day in Ireland, removed from George"s-lane to number 69, Grafton- street,* nearly opposite to Anne-street, where he continued to reside for many years. Distinguished no less for intellectual acquirements than for professional skill, he became the asso- ciate of the leading characters of his time, and on the forma- tion. of the ''Monks of St. Patrick'' the important office of bursar to that fraternity was conferred upon him. Curran, in his early struggles. Was much indebted to the friendship and liberality of Hudson, who, in predicting the future eminence of his despondent youthful friend, failed not to inculcate such sentiments as we find in the following extract : — "Consider now and then. Jack, what you are destined for ; and never, even in your distresses, draw consolation from so mean a thought, as that your abilities may one day render your circumstances easy or affluent ; but that you may one day have it in your power to do justice to the wronged -to wipe the tear from the widow or orphan, will afford the satis- faction that is worthy of a man." " It would be injustice, says Curran's son, "to suppress another passage. Having a little before chided his friend for neglecting to inform him of the state of his finances, Mr. Hudson goes on ; " I think I shall be a man of no small fame to-morrow or * From the period of the opening of Carlisle bridge, the private ^si- dences in Grafton-street became gradually converted into shops. The “ Black Lyon Inn” was located at the corner of Anne-street (u 62), and the “ City Tavern” (1787) also stood in Grafton street. The “Incorpo- rated Society for the promotion of Protestant schools” held their com- mittees in this street, previous to the erection of their hou^ in Sunolk- street (1758) ; the Tallow chandlers, or “Guild of St. George, had their haU in Grafton-street (1783); and there were also ^veral lottery offices here, of which the best known was the “Lions office, no. 101, corner of Suffolk-street. The noted Catherine Netterville (17<0) had a magnificent residence in Grafton-street, which was the scene of the frightful suicide of Mr. Stone of Jamaica, her insane paramour. A forcible illustration of of the popular error relative to the value of the farthings of Queen Anne was furnished by the consequences of the discovery, in 1814, of one of those coins by Gec^ge Home, an assistant in the shop of J. Miller, confectioner, no. 3 Gptton- street. Home’s refusal to surrender the com, received in Ins em- ployer’s shop, was made the ground of a criminal prosecution, and he was sentenced by the Recorder to be confined for twelve in Newgate, and subsequently imprisoned until he gave up the ffirthing ; the court being ignorant that the scarcest of Queen Anne s farthings is not worth more than five pounds, the generality of them not exceeding a few shillings in value. The wealth subsequently accumulated by the industry of Home enabled him to erect the “ Royal Arcade ; his suc- cess was, however, popularly ascribed to his having found a farthing of Queen Anne. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. next day, and though ^tis but the fame of a dentist, yet of an honest man is added to it, I shall not be unhappy. Write speedily to me, and if you are in want, think I shall not be satisfied with ray fortunes — believe me I shall never think I make a better use of my possessions than when such a friend as Jack can assist me in their uses.^^ With Edward Hudson in Grafton-street resided his cousin and nanaesake, Edward Hudson, the younger, who gave early indications of superior talents. Moore, who became acquainted with him in 1797, tells us ‘Hhat he was a remarkably fine and handsome young man, who could not have been at that time more than two or three and twenty years of age,^^ and adds that, ‘‘ Though educated merely for the purposes of his professicm, he was full of zeal and ardour for everything connected with the fine arts ; drew with much taste himself, and was passionately devoted to Irish music. He had with great industry collected and transcribed all our most beautiful airs, and used to play them with much teeling on the flute. I attribute, indeed, a good deal of my own ^^^^y quaintance with our music, if not the warm interest which 1 have since taken in it, to the many hours I passed at this time of my lile tete-a-t^te with Edward Hudson,— now trying over the sweet melo- dies of our country, now talking with indignant feelings oi her sufferings and wrongs.” This young dentist became one of the most intimate of Moore’s friends, and was the only person entrusted with the secret of the latter having contributed political essays to the leading Irisli journal of the day. Moore has himself enabled us to judge how far the origin of his Irish melodies is attri- butable to Edward Hudson, erroneously, however, stating that the latter was the nephew of his elder name-sake : «It was in the year 1797 that, through the medium of Mr. Bunting’s book, I was first made acquainted, with the beauties of our native music. A young friend of our family, Edward Hudson, the nephew of an eminent dentist of that name, who played with much taste and feeling on the flute, and unluckily for himself, was but too deeply warmed with the patriotic ardour then kindling around him, was the first who made known to me this rich mine of our country s melodies ; — a mine, from the working of which my humble labours as a poet have since then derived their sole lustre and value,” Edward Hudson, the elder, had repeatedly declined pressing solicitations to join the society of United Irishmen; his cousin, however, became deeply involved in their plans, and was ap- pointed one of their provincial delegates, in which capacity he THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 306 was sitting in council when arrested in March, 1798. Of his imprisonment Moore has left the following reminiscence : — “When, in consequence of the compact entered into between government and the chief leaders of the conspiracy, the State Prisoners, before proceeding into exile, were allowed to see their friends, I paid a visit to this gentleman in the jail of Kilmainham, where he had then lain immured for four or five months, hearing of friend after friend being led out to death, and expecting every week his own turn to come. As painting was one of his tastes, I found that, to amuse his solitude, he had made a large drawing with charcoal on the wall of his prison, representing that fancied origin of the Irish harp, which, some years after, I adopted as the subject of one of the melodies : — ‘ ’Tis believ’d that this harp, which I wake now for thee, Was a Syren of old, who sung under the sea ; And who often, at eve, thro’ the bright waters rov’d. To meet on the green shore, a youth whom she lov’d.’ ” The beautiful allegorical design here commemorated was not conceived in the gloomy cell of Kilmainham, the sketch made by the prisoner being merely a reproduction of a vig- nette drawn by the elder Hudson and prefixed to an ode for St. Cecilia's day, written by him and printed for private cir- culation. The younger Hudson formed one of the Irish state prisoners confined in Tort George, after his liberation from which he retired to America, where he married the daughter of Patrick Byrne, the exiled publisher. The elder Hudson wrote several small political and scientific treatises; by his skill dental surgery was in Ireland first elevated to the rank of a profession ; and mainly from his instructions his nephew, Blake,* was enabled pre-eminently to advance our country's reputation in this branch of science. Surgeon Hudson died in 1821, at the age of 79, and those who are acquainted with the modern history of Irish literature, can testify that his intellectual and enlightened tastes have not been impaired in their transmission to his descendants. Wolfe Tone details as follows the origin of his alliance with his wife Matilda, who subsequently exhibited so noble an ex- ample of female fortitude and self-devotion : — “ About the beginning of the year 1785, 1 became acquainted with my wife. She was the daughter of William Witherington, and • Author of the highly valued “Essay on the structure and formation of the teeth in man and various animals by Robert Blake, M.D., being principally a translation of his inaugural dissertation published at Edin- burgh, September, 1798,” 8vo. Dublin; 1801. TtlE STREETS OF DUBLIN. lived, at that time, in Grafton-street, in the house of her grand- father, a rich old clergyman, of the name of Fanning. 1 was then a scholar of the house in the University, and every day, after commons, I used to walk under her windows with one or the other of my fellow students ; I soon grew passionately fond of her, and she, also, was struck with me, though certainly my appearance, neither then nor now, was much in my favour ; so it was, however, that, before we had ever spoken to each other, a mutual affection had commenced between us. She was, at this time, not sixteen years of age, and as beautiful as an angel. She had a brother some years older than herself ; and as it was necessary, for my admission to the family, that I should be first acquainted with him, I soon contrived to be introduced to him, and as he played well on the violin, and I was myself a musical man, we grew intimate, the more so, as it may well be supposed, I neglected no fair means to recommend myself to him and the rest of the family, with whom I soon grew a favorite. My affairs now advanced prosperously ; my wife and I grew more passionately fond of each other ; and, in a short time, I proposed to her to marry me, without asking consent of any one, knowing well it would be in vain to expect it ; she accepted the pro- posal as frankly as 1 made it ; and one beautiful morning in the month of July, we ran off together and were married. 1 carried her out of town to Maynooth for a few days, and when the first eclat of passion had subsided, we were forgiven on all sides, and settled in lodgings near my wife’s grandfather.” By a singular coincidence, the informer Eeynolds be- came the husband of the sister of Toners wife ; to the latter Lucien Bonaparte alluded as follows in his public oration in 1799 : — It is precisely one year since, on the same day and in the same month, a court martial was assembled in Dublin, to try a general officer in the service of our Republic. — You have heard the last words of this illustrious martyr of liberty. What could I add to them ? You see him, under your own uniform, in the midst of this assassinating tribunal, in the midst of this awe-struck and affected assembly. You hear him exclaim, ‘ After such sacrifices in the cause of liberty, it is no great effort, at this day, to add the sacri- fice of my life. I have courted poverty ; 1 have left a beloved wife, unprotected, and children, whom I adored, fatherless.’ Pardon him, if he forgot, in these last moments, that you were to be the fathers and protectors of his Matilda and of his children — A few words more — on the widow of Theobald ; on his children. Calamity would have overwhelmed a weaker soul. The death of her husband was not the only one she had to deplore. His brother was con- demned to the same fate ; and with less good fortune, or less firm- ness, perished on the scaffold. If the services of Tone were not sufficient, of themselves, to rouse your feelings, I might mention the independent spirit and firmness of that noble woman, who, on the tomb of her husband and her brother, mingles, with her sighs. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. aspirations for the deliverance of Ireland. I would attempt to give you an idea of that Irish spirit which is blended in her counte- nance, with the expression of her grief. Such were those women of Sparta, who, on the return of their countrymen from battle, when, with anxious looks, they ran over the ranks and missed amongst them their sons, their husbands, and their brothers, exclaimed, ‘ He died for his country ; he died for the Republic.’ ” Patrick Byrne,* an eminent bookseller, removed in 1784 from College-green to no. 108, Grafton-street, next to the * The other booksellers and publishers in Grafton-street before the Union were, William Ross (1765); Samuel Watson, no 71 (1785); George Draper (1790) ; John Milliken, no. 32 (1791) ; Bernard Dornin, no. 33 (1792) ; William Porter, no. 69 (1796) ; Alderman John Exshaw, no. 98 (1782), publisher of “Exshaw’s Magazine;” on St. Patrick’s day, 1797, the first regiment of “ Royal Dublin Volunteers,” commanded by this bookseller, was presented by Miss Exshaw, at his house, with two elegant stands of colors, richly embroidered by herself, and accompanied with an address. John Jones, bookseller, of no. Ill Grafton-street, opposite to the College, was the publisher of the “ Sentimental and Maso nic Magazine,” commenced in July, 1792, and concluded in August, ' ''^riiis periodical was edited by William Paulet Carey,^ a portrait painter and engraver, who first became known by his political prints, among which was one published in 1787, depicting Father O’Leary and the Presbyterian Dr. Campbell joining hands at the altar of peace. In 1791 he established the “National Evening Star” on the principles adopted on the foundation of the society of United Irishmen later in the same year. This paper, written almost entirely by himself, soon gained po- pularity from its tone, and Carey was styled the “printer of the people ;” his essays most attractive to the public taste were those signed “ Junius Hibernicus,” and his poetic contributions under the name of “ Scrib- blerius Murtough O’Pindar,” were subsequently collected and entitled “ The Nettle, an Irish bouquet, to tickle the nose of an English viceroy ; leing a collection of political songs and parodies, dedicated to the Marquis Grimbaldo (Buckingham), governor of Barataria, by Scriblerius Mur* tough O’Pindar, now handing about in the first circles of fashion, and sung to some of the most favorite airs. To which are added, the Pro- phecy, an irregular ode, addressed to his Excellency shortly after his arrival: and the Triumph of Freedom, addressed to the Right Hon. Henry Grattan, by the same author.” Carey became notorious by the decided opinions he promulgated relative to the various political points then being agitated, and he devoted a considerable space in his paper to the advocacy of Tandy,- while the latter was under prosecution. Con- sidering it his duty to censure Dr. Theobald Mac Kenna for differing with the Catholic committee, he assailed him in a series of letters pub • lished under the name of “ William Tell.” :Mac Kenna, in retaUation, succeeded in having Carey rejected when proposed a member of the United Irish Society by Rowan and Tandy ; however, on a second ballot time he was elected by a large majority. In 1792 Carey was prosecuted for having published certain political documents issued by the United Irishmen, for which the society promised lum indemnification, but finding himself deserted by them when m difccul- ties, he was obliged in self-defence to give evidence on the trial of Dr. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. -»■ Irish Academy house, where he published the principal pamphlets in favor of parliamentary reform and Catholic emancipation. Among the works issued by Byrne, was Wolfe Tone’s second essay in pamphleteering published in 1790, under the title of “ An inquiry how far Ireland is bound, of right, to embark in the impending contest on the side of Great Britain : Addressed to the members of both houses of parliament ” relative to this production its author has left the following anecdote : — On the appearance of a rupture with Spain, I wrote a pamphlet to prove that Ireland was not bound by the declaration of war, but might, and ought, as an independent nation, to stipulate for a neu- trality. In examining this question, I advanced the question of separation, with scarcely any reserve, much less disguise ; but the public mind was by no means so far advanced as I was, and my pamphlet made not the smallest impression. The day after it ap- peared, as I stood perdue in the bookseller’s shop, listening after my own reputation. Sir Henry Cavendish, a notorious slave of the House of Commons, entered, and throwing my unfortunate pamphlet on the counter in a rage, exclaimed, ‘ Mr. Byrne, if the author of that work is serious, he ought to be hanged.’ Sir Henry was succeeded by a bishop, an English Doctor of Divinity, with five or six thousand a year, laboriously earned in the church. His lordship’s anger was not much less than that of the other personage. ‘ Sir,’ said he, ‘ if the principles contained in that abominable work were to spread, do you know that you would have to pay for your coals at the rate of five pounds a ton ?* Notwithstanding these criticisms, which I have faithfully quoted against myself, I continue to think my pamphlet a good one ; but, apparently, the publisher, Mr. Byrne, was of a dif- ferent opinion, for I have every reason to believe that he suppressed the whole impression, for which his own Cods damn him.” Hamilton Bo wan selected Byrne to publish the authorized report of his trial in 1791, which, with Bowan’s usual Drennan in 1794, and appealed to the public in justification of his con- duct. Carey engraved several of the^lates, and wrote the majority of the verse in’ mej^ Masonic 'Kragazine V’’ his assistants in tE’e latter depart- meht being John Brenan, M.D., W. E. O’Brien, and Thomas Moore ; ; the latter tells us that Carey desired to have his portrait engraved, a proceeding prevented by the interference of his mother. We find that, although not elsewhere noticed, Moore co:^tributed to this Maga- zine the following pieces, not included in any edition of his works : “ Anacreontique to a bee;” “ Myrtilla, to the unfortunate Maria, a ■ pastoral ballad;” “The Shepherd’s Farewell, a pastoral ballad ;” and a poem styled “Friendship.” Jones, the publisher of the Magazine, was succeeded in Grafton-street in 1797 by a bookseller named Rice. Carey died in America ; his sons were long the most wealthy booksellers in Philadelphia, where they published in 1819 M. Carey’s elaborate “ Vindiciae Hibernicas.” THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. philanthropy was sold for the benefit of the distressed manu- facturers. “ There is not a day,” said Curran, “that you hear the cries of your starving manufacturers in your streets, that you do not also see the advocate of their sufferings — that you do not see his honest and manly figure, with uncovered head, soliciting for their relief; searching the frozen heart of charity for every string that can be touched by compassion, and urging the force of every argument and every motive, save that which his modesty suppresses_the authority of his own generous example. Or if you see him not there, you may trace his steps to the abode of disease, and famine, and. despair, the messenger of heaven, bearing with him food, and medicine, and con- solation.” The following dialope took place between Byrne and the chief justice of the king's bench relative to the publication of the trial of Bowman : — “ Lord Clonmel. ‘ Your servant, Mr. Byrne ; I perceive you have advertised Mr. Rowan’s trial.’ , u u Byrne. ‘ The advertisement, my lord, is Mr, Rowan s, he has selected me as his publisher, which I think an honour, and I hope it will be profitable.’ • ..i,' Lord Clonmel. ‘ Take care, sir, what you do ; I give you this caution ; for if there are any reflections on the judges of the land, by the eternal G— I will lay you by the heels !’ Byrne. ‘I have many thanks to return your lordship for your caution; I have many' opportunities of going to Newgate, but I have never been ambitious of that honour, and I hope m this case to stand in the same way. Your lordship knows 1 have hut one principle in trade, which is to make money of it, and that if there were two publications giving different features to the trial I would publish both. There is a trial published by McKenzie.’ Lord Clonmel. ‘ I did not know that ; but say what you may on the subiect, if you print or publish what may inflame the mob, it behoves the judges of the land to notice it ; and 1 tell you by the eternal G— , if you publish or mis-state my expressions, I will lay you by the heels! One of Mr, Rowan’s advocates set out with an inflammatory speech, mis-stating what 1 said, and stating what I did not say. I immediately denied it, and appealed to the court and gentlemen in it, and they all contradicted him, ^ well as myself. These speeches were made for the nmb, to mislead and inflame them, which I feel it my duty to curb. If the publica- tion is intended to abuse me, I don’t value it ; I have been so long in the habit of receiving abuse, that it will avail little ; but I caution you how you publish it ; for if I find anything reflecting on or mis- stating me, I will take care of you.’ i v x Byrne. ‘ I should hope Mr. Rowan has too much honor to have anything mis-stated or inserted in his trial that would involve his publisher.’ THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. Lord Clonmel. ‘ What ! is Mr. Rowan preparing Ijis own trial?’ Byrne. ‘ He is, my Lord.’ Lord Clonmel. ‘ Oho, Oho ! that is a different thing. That gen- tleman would not have been better used by me, standing in the situ- ation he did, if he was one of the princes of the blood.’ Byrne. ^ My Lord, Mr. Rowan being his own printer, you know he will publish his own trial ; I stand only as his publisher.’ Lord Clonmel. ‘Even as his publisher, I will take care of you ; and I have no objection to this being known.’ Byrne. ‘ I return your Lordship many thanks.’ ” Byrne^s shop in Grafton-street was the usual literary rendezvous of the United Irishmen, and the publisher, himself a member of that association, was the first Roman Catholic admitted into the guild of booksellers,'^ after the relaxation of the Penal laws in 1793. One of the most constant visitors to his establishment from the year 1796 was captain John Warneford Armstrong, of the hinge’s county militia, whose regiment was stationed in 1798 at the camp at Loughlinstown. Armstrong, then about twenty-nine years of age, openly avowed anti-monarchical prin- ciples, and was in the habit of purchasing at Byrne^s publica- tions of republican and deistical tendencies. Having led the bookseller to believe that his political sentiments coincided with those of the United Irishmen, he procured from him in 1798 an introduction to the brothers Sheares, who were then engaged in maturing their revolutionary organization. “Armstrong, on leaving Byrne’s on the 10th of May, immediately proceeded to his brother officer. Captain Clibborn, and informed him of wha^ had passed. The latter advised him to ‘ give the Sheares a meeting.’ He then returned to Byrne’s late the same day, and remained there till Henry arrived. Byrne led him to the inner part of the shop, toward a private room, and introduced him to Sheares, in these terms : ‘ All I can say to you, Mr. Sheares, is that Captain Armstrong is a true brother, and you may depend on him. * Previous to the declaration of independence in 1782, the company of Dublin booksellers was the first corporation which publicly associated to wear Irish manufacture, in which they appeared dressed at their anni- versary banquets. John Exshaw, bookseller and high sheriflT, presided over the general meeting of the freemen and freeholders of the city of Dublin, at which they resolved : “ That we will not, from the date hereof, until the grievances of this country shall be removed, directly or indirectly import or consume any of the manufactures of Great Britain ; nor will we deal with any merchant, or shopkeeper, who shall import such manufactures ; and that we recommend the adoption of a similar agreement to all our countrymen who regard the commerce and consti- tution of this country.” 4 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. W They remained at the entrance of the private room ; but Henry Sheares ^declined any conversation, ‘except in the presence of his brother.’ Armstrong said, ‘he had no objection to wait until his brother came.* Henry, however, declined to wait ; and shortly after, John Sheares arrived, and was introduced to him by Byrne. John Sheares told Captain Armstrong, ‘ he knew his principles very well.’ He then solicited him ‘to join the cause by action, as he knew he had done by inclination ;’ and Armstrong replied, ‘ he was ready to do everything in his power for it, and if he could show him how he could do anything, he would serve him to the utmost of his power.’ Sheares then informed him, he states, that the rising was very near ; ‘ they could not wait for the French, but had determined on a home effort ;’ and the principal way he could assist them, was by gaining over the soldiers, and consulting about taking the camp at Lehaunstown. John Sheares then made an appointment with him for the following Sunday, at his house in Baggot-street ; and on that day he went and found Henry only at home. He apologised for gleavin him on the former occasion, ‘ having had to attend a commit- tee that day.’ The informer states, he then asked about the camp, where it was most vulnerable ? how to be most advantageously at- tacked? John came in, and spoke about the necessity of gaining over the soldiers, and then informed Armstrong, that their intention was to seize the camp, the artillery at Chapelizod, and the city of Dublin in one night : there was to be an hour and a half between the seizing of the camp and Dublin ; an hour between seizing Dublin and Chapelizod ; so that the news of both might arrive at the same time. The 13 th, on Sunday night, at eleven o’clock, by appointment, Armstrong had another interview with the brothers at their house, for the purpose of getting the name of some soldiers in his regiment who were known to the United Irishmen.” Having thus insinuated himself into tlie confidence of his victims, he carefully noted down their conversations, which were immediately reported to government. I never,” said he, had an interview with the Sheares, that I had not one with colonel HEstrange and captain Clibborn, and my lord Castlereagh.^^ Not satisfied with the amount of information so obtained,' Armstrong obtained admission to tlie domestic circle of the Sheares, and within a few hours after quitting "their table lodged depositions, which led his hosts to the scaffold. Byrne, whose integrity to his party was unim- peachable, was arrested in his own house by his neighbour, alderman Exshaw, conducted to the castle, subjected to a strict examination, and committed to Newgate on the 21st of May, 1798. He was subsequently permitted to retire to America, whence he never returned to his native land. BARRY, THE HISTORICAL PAINTER. m The moral of James Barry^s life is the most melancholy in all the biographies of Art. George Morland, regaining transient gleams of intellect through drunkenness, is not more sad ; but each instance proves that good sense, good temper, moderation and patience, must be combined with genius, else its possession may become a close-clinging, life-long, curse. The world never yet trampled true genius in the dust, but, alas ! true genius has but too often grovelled so deeply in the mire, that the world has crushed it unwittingly and unwillingly. Art. III.^THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. No. VI. Molesworth-street, Kildare-street, and their vicinity, stand on the site of a considerable lot of ground, known at the commencement of the last century by the name of Moles- worth-fields,’^ which remained nearly unbuilt upon until an act of parliament, in 1725, enabled '" the right honorable John, lord viscount Molesworth, and Richard Molesworth, and the several other persons in remainder for life, when in possession of certain lands, near St. Stephen’s Green and Dawson-street, in the county of the city of Dublin, to make leases thereof.'’^ Robert, first viscount Molesworth, distin- guished by his writings in defence of liberty, has already been noticed in our account of "‘MoleswortRs Court,” in Eishamble- street : his son John, the second viscount, born in 1679, was, in 1710, despatched as envoy extraordinary from Great Britain to Tuscany, and subsequently appointed ambassador at Elo- rence, Yenice, and Switzerland, which offices he held till his death, in 1727. Ritson ascribes to him the song commencing Almeria’s face, her shape, her air. With charms resistless wound the heart ; In vain you for defence prepare. When from her eyes Love shoots his dart.” Park observes, "" that he is likely to have written more from having turned this so well.” His successor, Richard, third 'viscount Molesworth, designed by his father for the law, fled from the Temple to Elanders, and served as a volunteer in the allied army there until he obtained an ensigncy, and was appointed aide-de-camp to the duke of Marlborough, whose 3 '^ -gfiS THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. life he saved at the battle of Ramillies in 1706, a circumstance unfairly suppressed by English writers. After serving with distinction throughout all the campaigns in Elanders, and against the Scots at Preston, he w^as appointed lieutenant general and commander-in-chief of the troops in Ireland, and field-marshal of his majesty’s forces ; his death took place in 1758, five years subsequent to which lady Molesworth and seve- ral of his children fell victims to an accidental fire in London. The building of Molesworth-street was completed before the middle of the last century, and its inhabitants were then people of the highest rank in the city. Of Richard Parsons, first earl of Rosse, one of the earliest residents in the street, a writer in 1762 has left the following notice : The late earl of Ross was, in character and disposition, like the humorous earl of Rochester ; he had an infinite fund of wit, great spirits, and a liberal heart ; was fond of all the vices which the beau monde call pleasures, and by 'those means first impaired his fortune, as much as he possibly could do ; and finally, his health beyond repair. To recite any part of his wit here is impossible, though I have heard much of it, but as it either tended to blasphemy, or at the best obscenity, it is better where it is. A nobleman could not, in so censorious a place as Dublin, lead a life of rackets, brawls, and midnight confusion, without being a general topic for reproach, and having fifty thousand faults invented to complete the number of those he had : nay, some asserted, that he dealt with the devil ; es- tablished a hell-fire club at the Eagle tavern on Cork-hill ;* and that one Worsdale, a mighty innocent facetious painter, who was * For a notice of this tavern, see the account of Cork-hill, Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II. 327. James Worsdale, above referred to, studied under sir Godfrey Kneller, with whose niece he eloped. “ In the beginning of his manhood he went to Ireland ; where he met with more success as an artist than he deserved ; but his poignant table chat and conviviality begat him many admirers, among whom lord Blayney stood the most conspicuous. It was his custom, when a portrait was finished, and not paid for, to chalk the surface over with intersected lines, which conveyed the appearance of the subject being in prison ; and this was exhibited continually in his painting room, until shame or pride induced the parties concerned to liberate the effigy, by paying the artist. I have heard it was he who introduced the practice of demanding one half of the general sum, at the first sitting. His talents as a painter were in- considerable. He was appointed master painter to the board of ordnance, through the influence of sir Edward Walpole, who had been accused of a detestable crime; but Worsdale discovered the conspiracy against his patron’s honour; and by great address and incessant pains brought the delinquents to justice. To effect this, he lodged on Saffron-hill, as a hay-maker, from Munster ; and in the Mint, Southwark, as the widow of a recruiting sergeant from Sligo.” The manuscript viceregal accounts, in our possession, contain the following entries relative to Worsdale. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 3 !^ indeed only the agent of his gallantry, was a party concerned ; but what won’t malicious folks say ? Be it as it will, his lordship’s char- acter was torn to pieces everywhere, except at the groom porter’s, where he was a man of honour j and at the taverns where none sur- passed him in generosity. Having led this life till it brought him to death’s door, his neighbour, the reverend John Madden (vicar of St. Anne’s and dean of Kilmore), a man of exemplary piety and virtue, having heard his lordship was given over, thought it his duty to write him a very pathetic letter, to remind him of his past life ; the particulars of which he mentioned, such as profligacy, gaming, drinking, rioting, turning day into night, blaspheming his Maker, and, in short, all manner of wickedness ; and exhorting him in the tenderest manner to employ the few moments that remained to him, in penitently confessing his manifold transgressions, and soliciting his pardon from an offended Deity, before whom he was shortly to appear. It is necessary to acquaint the reader, that the late earl of Kildare was one of the most pious noblemen of the age, and in every respect a contrast in character to lord Ross. When the latter, who retained his senses to the last moment, and died rather for want of breath than want of spirits, read over the dean’s letter (which came to him under cover) he ordered it to be put in another paper, sealed up, and directed to the earl of Kildare : he likewise prevailed “July 21, 1738, paid Mr. James Worsdale for drawing your grace’s picture for Mrs. Conolly, thirty guineas— £34 2s 6d. — April 24, 1740, paid Mr. James Worsdale for your grace’s picture and frame, drawn by him for the Royal Hospital, forty guineas — £45 10s. — April 26, paid him in full for the frame, upon Mr. Dance’s enquiry about the value of it, six guineas — £6 16s. 6d.” In a privately printed satire of the year 1740, we find the following allusion to the painter : — “ Tho’ Wordsdale is for satire too obscure, Must he uncensur’d artfully procure ? Frequent as painter, his employer’s house, And thence delude his mistress or his spouse ? True to the lover’s procreating cause, He breaks all ties, all hospitable laws. And pimps, resistless, while his pencil draws.” Worsdale instituted a suit for libel, against James Wynne and Mathew Gardiner, the supposed authors of this satire ; they were, however, ac- quitted in the king’s bench in February, 1742. In the preceding year, the right honorable Luke Gardiner, master of the revels in Ireland, ap- pointed Worsdale his deputy in that office, a post for which he was ad- mirably calculated, having written a number of songs, ballads, and the following dramatic pieces : — “A cure for a scold,” ballad opera, 1735. “The Assembly,” a farce in which the author acted the part of “Old Lady Scandal.” “ The Queen of Spain,” a musical entertainment, 1744, “The Extravagant Justice,” a farce. “Gasconade the great,’’ tragi- comedy, 1759. Many of the compositions published as his own were written for him by Mrs. Pilkington. He died in June 1767, and was buried in St. Paul’s, Covent-garden, with the following epitaph of his own composition ; — “ Eager to get, but not to keep the pelf, A friend to all mankind, except himself,” THE IRISH QUxillTERLY RE VIEW. on the dean’s servant to carry it, and to say it came from his master, which he was encouraged to do by a couple of guineas, and his know- ing nothing of its contents. Lord Kildare was an effeminate, puny little man, extremely' formal and delicate, insomuch, that when he was married to lady Mary O'Brien, one of the most shining beauties then in the world, he would not take his wedding gloves off to embrace her. From this single instance may be judged with what surprise and indignation he read over the Dean’s letter, containing so many accusations for crimes he knew himself entirely innocent of. He first ran to his lady, and informed her that dean Madden was actually mad ; to prove which, he delivered her the epistle he had just re- ceived. Her ladyship was as much confounded and amazed at it as he could possibly be, but withal, observed the letter was not written in the stile of a madman, and advised him to go to the archbishop of Dublin (Dr. John Hoadly) about it. Accordingly, his lordship ordered his coach, and went to the episcopal palace, where he found his grace at home, and immediately accosted him in this manner : ‘ Pray, my lord, did you ever hear that I was a blasphemer, a profli- gate, a gamester, a rioter, and everything that’s base and infamous ?’ ‘You, my lord,’ said the bishop, ‘ every one knows that you are the pattern of humility, godliness, and virtue.’* ‘ Well, my lord, what satisfaction can 1 have of a learned and reverend divine, who, under his own hand, lays all this to my charge?’ ‘Surely,’ answered his grace, ‘ no man in his senses, that knew your lordship, would pre- sume to do it ; and if any clergyman -has been guilty of such an offence, your lordship will have satisfaction from the spiritual court.’ Upon this lord Kildare delivered to his grace the letter, which he told him was that morning delivered by the dean’s servant, and which both the archbishop and the ea,rl knew to be dean Madden’s hand- writing. The archbishop immediately sent for the dean, who hap- pening to be at home, instantly obeyed the summons. Before he entered the room, his grace advised lord Kildare to w^alk into another apartment, while he discoursed the gentleman about it, which his lordship accordingly did. When the dean entered, his grace,Tooking very sternly, demanded if he had wrote that letter ? The dean an- swered, I did, my lord. Mr. Dean, I always thought you a man of sense and prudence, but this unguarded action must lessen you in the * A Dublin author of tlie time writes of Robert, earl of Kildare, as follows ; — “ Kildare's a precedent for lords, To keep their honor and their words, Since all our peers to him give place, His fair examples let them trace. Whose virtues claim precedence here. Even abstracted from the peer. His morals make him still more great. And to his titles, and estate. Add such a lustre and a grace. As suits his ancient noble race. Surrounding him with all their rays Above the compass of our lays, I Instead of duns to crowd his door. It is siu’rounded by the poor. My lord takes care to see them serv'd. And saves some thousands fi'om being starv’d. Nor does he think himself too gi-eat Each morning on the poor to wait ; And as his charity ne'er ceases, His fortune ev’ry day increases. Has many thousands at command, A lai-gc estate and lib’ral hand." THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. J/7 2«S- esteem of all good men ; to throw out so many causeless invectives against the most unblemished nobleman in Europe, and accuse him of crimes to which he and his family have ever been strangers, must certainly be the effect of a distempered brain : besides, sir, you have by this means laid yourself open to a prosecution in the ecclesiastical court, which will either oblige you publickly to recant what you have said, or give up your possessions in the church. My lord, an- swered the dean, I never either think, act, or write anything, for which I am afraid to be called to an account before any tribunal upon earth ; and if I am to be prosecuted for discharging the duties of my function, I will suffer patiently the severest penalties in justifi- cation of it. And so saying the dean retired with some emotion, and left the two noblemen as much in the dark as ever. Lord Kil- dare went home, and sent for a proctor of the spiritual court, to whom he committed the dean’s letter, and ordered a citation to be sent to him as soon as possible. In the meantime the archbishop, who knew the dean had a family to provide for, and foresaw that ruin must attend his entering into a suit with so powerful a person, went to his house, and recommended him to ask my lord s pardon, before the matter became publick. Ask his pardon, said the dean, why the man is dead ! What ! lord Kildare dead ! No, lord Ross. Good God, said the archbishop, did you not send a letter yesterday to lord Kildare ? No truly, my lord, but I sent one to the unhappy earl of Ross, who was then given over, and 1 thought it my duty to write to him in the manner I did. Upon examining the servant, the whole mistake was rectified, and the dean saw with real regret, that lord Ross died as he had lived ; nor did he continue in this life above four hours after he sent off the letter. The poor footman lost his place by the jest, and was indeed the only sufferer for my lord’s last piece of humour.” The death of lord Eosse occurred in Molesworth-street, on the of June, 1741, two days after which he was privately intoed in_St Anne’s church ; and although his career may app^r extraordiiiary^TTKe^esent day, a glance at the irreli- gion and depravity of his times will shew that his vices,^ how- ever inexcusable, were but those of the era in which he lived. A writer of the time of Charles II., speaking of the state of Ireland, at that period, tells us that : « Prophane cursing and swearing, a wickedness, through custom, grown into that credit, it disdains reproofs ; uay, some persons seem to value themselves by their wit to invent and courage to utter the most horrid oaths, at v^hich moral Heathens would tremble, who retain so great a veneration to their gods, especially their chief gods, as Jupiter, &c,, they will not mention their names without great reverence, and will only swear by their attributes, as by the great, the wise, the just, &c., whereas our prophanenists so glory in their shame, they will oft belch out their filthy vomit in the face of magistrates, who when they reprove them, and demand one shilling A THE lEISH QUAETERLY REVIEW. for one oath,* have contemptuously both to God and the king's laws thrown down their guinny, and immediately swore it out, like those prophane desperate ones, the psalmist complains of. Psalm xii. 4, ‘ Who have said, with our tongue will we prevail : our lips are our own : who is Lord over us ?’ Now though this is the most unpleasant and unprofitable vice in this world, yet it is the most fre- quent ; for 100s of oaths are uttered at the committal of any one of the other debaucheries, and so universal, that from the man stooping with age to the lisping infant before it speaks plain, shall you hear oaths and curses, to the reproach of their parents, that no better in- struct them, so that this is a long lived weed, that buds early in the spring, and continues green in the depth of winter ; the food of other lusts may be devoured by poverty, age, and bodily infirmities ; of the latter we have had dreadful examples of some, who could plainly express horrid oaths, and not one other word to be understood, and others so hardened through the custom of this sin, that on their deathbeds, when they could not utter a word of sense, they have breathed out their last breath with dreadful oaths and curses, which I have received from the testimony of credible persons then present.” A partizan author of the reign of William III., speaking of the conduct of the Irish Eoman Catholics and their adherents, during the time of James II., asserts that — The perjuries in the courts, the robberies in the country ; the lewd practices in the stews j the oaths, blasphemies, and curses in the armies and streets ; the drinking of confusions and damnations in the taverns, were all of them generally the acts of Papists, or of those who owned themselves ready to become such, if that party continued uppermost. But more peculiarly they were remarkable for their swearing and blaspheming and prophanation of the Lord’s day ; if they had any signal ball or entertainment to make, any journey or weighty business to begin, they commonly chose that day for it, and lookt on it as a kind of conquest over a Protestant, and a step to his conversion, if they could engage him to prophane it with them. — And they would often laugh at our scrupling a sin, and our constancy at prayers, since, as they would assure us with many oaths, we must only be damned the deeper for our diligence ; and they could not endure to find us go about to punish vice in our own mem- bers, since, said they, it is to no purpose to trouble yourselves about vice or virtue, that are out of the church, and will all be damned.” Notwithstanding the above statements, we find that pro- faneness and immorality prevailed to an appalling extent amongst the Protestants, of whose rectitude their partisans have given such glowing, though false, descriptions. Dr. * An act of parliament passed at Dublin in 1634-5 imposed a penalty of twelve pence on persons convicted of profane swearing or cursing, and in case the offender was unable to pay, he was to be set in the stocks for three hours ; if under the age of twelve years, the culprit was to be whipped by the constable, or by his parents or master in the presence of a justice of the peace. THE STKEETS OF DUBLIN. 319 Gorge, secretary to marshal Schonberg, wrote to colonel James Hamilton, that the “soldiers in the Protestant army, under king William, robbed and plundered at pleasure ; that some of its leaders ridiculed, scorned and condemned all mo- tions for its good government and order, and said that religion was nothing but canting, and debauchery the necessary prac- tice of a soldier facts which receive confirmation from the following document : — A PROCLAMATION BY FREDERICK, DUKE OF SCHONBERG, LORD GENERAL OF ALL THEIR MAJESTIES FORCES, &C. Whereas, the horrid and detestable crimes of prophane cursing, swearing, and taking God’s holy name in vain, being sms of much guilt and little temptation, have by all nations and people, and that in all ages, been punished with sharp and severe penalties, as great and grievous sins : And we to our great grief and trouble, taking notice of the too frequent practice of these sms, by several under our command, and that some have ar- rived to that height of impiety, that they are heard more frequently to invoke God to damn them, than to save them, and this, notwith- standing the heavy and dreadful judgments of God upon us at this very time, for these and our other sins, and notwithstanding- the penalties enjoined by their majesties articles of war on these offen- ders ; and we justly fearing that their majesties army may be more prejudiced by these sms, than advantaged by the conduct and cou- rage of those guilty of them: do think fit strictly to charge and command all officers and soldiers under our command, that they and every one of thern from hence-forward, do forbear all vain cu/sing- swearing, and taking God’s holy name in vain, under the penalties articles; and our further displeasure And^ that all officers take particular care to put the said articles of war into execution on all under their respective commands, guiltv of the said offences, as they will answer to the contrary at thei? utmost i’eOT'qo^^n'tV.P fl""/ f at Lisburn, the 18th of January, 1589-90, in the first year of their majesties reign. (Signed) ScHONBERG.” The reduction of the kingdom, consequent on the Treaty of Limerick, was succeeded by what a writer of the day styles a torrent of vice,"" a feeble attempt to stem which was made by an associahon formed in Dublin, “for the reformation of manners. This laudable institution, of which scarcely a ves- tige has been preserved, appears to have had but little in- fluence m the generation which it sought to reform - and nearly all the vices which then disgraced England were com- mumcated to the neighbouring island. The act of Charles I. against profane cursing and swearing, having been found in- ettectual, another statute was passed in 1695 , subjecting every servant, day-labourer, common soldier, and common seaman,"" THE TllISll QUARTERLY REVIEW. J20 guilty thereof, to a penalty of one shilling for every offence, and other offenders to a fine of two shillings, these sums to be doubled on the repetition of the crime. During the latter part of the seventeenth and the earlier years of the eighteenth century, the suppression of the then increasing irrehgion and blasphemous opinions occupied the attention of several committees, appointed by the Irish house of commons. Some members of that body, in 1697, allowed their zeal to incite them to propose that the author of Chris- tianity not mysterious/' should be burned alive ; another mem- ber, less violent, suggested that Toland should be obliged to burn his own book publicly ; but their intended victim having decamped, the committee was obliged to rest content with having the obnoxious publication burned at the gate of the Parliament house, by the common hangman. The writer, consequently, compared them to the " Popish Inquisitors, who performed that execution on the book, when they could not seize the author wliom they had destined to the flames." In 1703 the house of commons punished by expulsion the he- terodoxy of Mr. Asgil, one of its members, whom they found guilty of propagating “ blasphemous doctrines and positions, contrary to the Christian religion, and the established doctrine of the church of Ireland, and destructive of human society." The treatise thus condemned had been published with the fol- lowing title : An argument proving, that according to the covenant of eternal life, revealed in the scriptures, man may be translated from hence into that eternal life, without passing through death, although the human nature of Christ himself could not be thus translated till he had passed through death." The description of lord Wharton, viceroy of Ireland, in 1708, may be regarded as typical of the state of morals and religion among those of the higher classes of society, wlio in this country endeavoured to emulate the vices of the English aristocracy at that period : “ Thomas earl of Wharton, lord lieutenant of Ireland,^ by the force of a wonderful constitution, has some years passed his grand climacteric, without any visible eifects of old age, either on his body or his mind, and in spite of a continual prostitution to those vices which usually wear out both. His behaviour is in all the forms ot a voung man at five and twenty. Whether he walks or whistles, or swears, or talks obscenely, or calls names, he acquits himselt m each, beyond a templar of three years standing. AVith the same grace, and ill the same style, he will rattle his coachman in the midst ot the street, where he is governor of the kingdom ; and all this is without THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. mr consequence, because it is his character, and what everybody ex- pects. He seems to be but an ill dissembler, and an ill liar, although they ap the two talents he most practises, and most values himself upon. ’’—‘‘He goes constantly to prayers in the forms of his place, and will talk indecency and blasphemy at the chapel door.” The infamous associations, known as “ Hell fire clubs,^^* of which the earl of Wharton was supposed to have been the originator, appear to have been introduced into Ireland from England early in the last century ; of their abominable pro- fanities an idea may be formed from the fact, that in 1729 Vincent Eitzgerald and John Jackman were tried at Dublin on a charge of having been in the habit of drinking healths to the Devil and his angels, and confusion to Almighty God.'"’ The levity with which the most sacred dogmas of religion were discussed at this period, has been noticed by a Dublin writer in 1729, who tells us that — ^ ‘‘ The coffee houses in this town are now (1729) become so many divinity schools ; nor is there a tavern or ale-house kitchen which escapes the noise and insults of divinity wranglers. The public con- verse formerly turned on politicks ; but as that was sometimes at- tended with civil animadversions, religion, a less dangerous, is become the universal theme. The Incarnation, the Resurrection, the Trinity, Pi edestination, &c., are perpetual subjects of debate j the old and new Testament are translated de novo ; the Fathers are censured and vindicated ; Councils criticized on, canons of the church ex- ploded and defended, old creeds abrogated, new ones substituted, and absurd and incongruous systems of religion hourly introduced. — This foul practice of argumentizing frequently prevails in parties of plea- sure, and sometimes in those of a criminal nature. In the dirty confusion of a drunken room, religion is too often the topic ; the argument ushered in with obscenity circulates the glass, and every returning bumper inflames the conference, which is maintained with wanton nonsense and loquacious blasphemy. ’Tis needless to say, that whatever side of the question these common and hackney sophs defend or oppose, it certainly suffers. To Greek they are utter strangers ; a shoe-cleaner at Trinity-college would puzzle them in Latin ; nor does their whole stock of erudition comprehend more than some common places picked from Toland, Clerke, and others the new publishers of old heresies.” ’ The committee appointed in 1737 by the house of lords, to examine into the causes of the present immorality and * A massive silver cup, richly engraved and chased, said to have been used at the orgies of the Dublin Hell fire club, is at present in the pos- session of Edward Vernon, esq., of Clontarf castle, Co. Dublin. In the cabinets of some collectors are likewise preserved specimens of elabo- rately executed gold medals bearing infamous devices, believed to have been the badges of the association. The rules of the Dublin “ Cherokee club will be found in the third paper of the present series. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 3ZZ profaneness/^ reported that an uncommon scene of impiety and blasphemy appeared before them and that : Several loose and disorderly persons have, of late, erected them- selves into a society or club under the name of * Blasters, and have used means to draw into their impious society several of the youth of this kingdom. What the practices of this society are, (beside the general fame spread through the whole kingdom) appears by the ex- aminations of several persons, taken upon oath before the lord mayor of this city, in relation to Peter Lens, painter, lately come into this kingdom, who professes himself a ^ Blaster.’ By these examinations, it appears, that the said Peter Lens professes himself to be a votary of the Devil ; that he hath offered up prayers to him, and publickly drunk to the Devil’s health ; that he hath at several times uttered the most daring and execrable blasphemies against the sacred name and majesty of God ; and often made use of such obscene, blasphe- mous, and, before unheard-of expressions, as the lords committees think they cannot even mention to your lordships j and therefore choose to pass over in silence.”* The committee recommended that a reward should be ofPered for the apprehension of Lens, and that the judges, in their several circuits, should charge the magistrates to put the laws in execution against immorality and profane cursing, swearing, and gaming, and to inquire into atheistical and blasphemous club?. Lrom the preceding particulars the reader will be able to form an estimate of the state of religion and morality in Dublin at the time when the earl of Rosse was regarded as the leader of the choice spirits^' of our metropolis.^ The family of Parsons continued to reside in Molesworth- street for some years subsequent to the death of the first earl of Rosse, by the death of whose son, Richard, in 1764, the title became extinct, and was conferred in 1772, on sir Ralph Gore, after whose decease the peerage was restored, in 1806, to the predecessor of William Parsons, its present distinguished representative. On the south side of this street stood Kerry house, the residence of the family of Fitz Maurice. Thomas Fitz Maurice, twenty-first lord of Kerry, was created viscount Clan Maurice and earl of Kerry, in 1722; in his house died in the year 1707, John lord Cutts, one of the most valiant soldiers of his age, who acquired the name of the Salamander from the great intrepidity which he displayed amidst a mui'derous dis- charge of artillery at the siege of Namur in 1696. He received * For further illustrations of the state of society in Dublin in the early part of the eighteenth century, see the notice of Lucas’s Coffee-house on Cork-hill, Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II., 328. -/c/ a*'- - ^ i THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 323 the title of baron of Gowran from William III.^ and during part of Anne s reign, held the office of commander-in-chief of the British troops on the Continent, his withdrawal from which, by being appointed commander of the forces in, and one of the lords justices of Ireland in 1705, was supposed to have caused his death. He published a collection of verses in the year 1687, under the title of Poetical Exercises/^ and having obtained a captain^s commission for sir Eichard Steele, the latter dedicated to him his theoretical treatise named the Christian hero,'" and in the Tatler," quoted his lordship’s love verses as those o£ honest Cynthio, a man of wit, good seuse, and fortune. “He hath abundance of wit," says a writer in 1703, “ but too much seized with vanity and self-conceit ; he is affable, familiar, and very brave. Eew considerable actions happened ill this as well as the last war, in which he was not, and hath been wounded in all the actions where he served j is esteemed to be a mighty vigilant officer, and for putting the military orders m execution; he is pretty tall, lusty, well shaped, and an agreeable companion ; hath great revenues, yet so very ex- pensive, as always to be in debt ; towards fifty years old." wTr ^ married Anne, only daughter to sir William Petty, through which alliance the estates and honors of the Shelburne family subsequently passed to the Pitz Maurices. Lady Kerry was one of Swift’s most intimate iriends; and as an illustration of the style in which the estab- lishments of the Irish nobility were maintained in the early part of the last century, we insert the following document, with reference to which it may be observed, that so much has the country suffered by absenteeism and centralization, that during the past year, the vehicle provided to convey a circuit judge to one of our assize towns was of so vile a description, that his lordship was obliged to threaten legal proceedings to ensure better treatment in future : — fhr f informed that hon. John Fitz Maurice, esq., high sheriff of the county of Kerry, received the judges of assize at the bounds of the county, in a most magnificent and splendid manner, the particulars of which are as follow :_Two running footmen led the way, being clothed in white, with their black caps dressed with red ribbons, and red sashes fringes. ^ Four grooms leading four stately horses with einbroidered caparisons, their manes and tails dressed with roses of red ribbons. A page in scarlet laced with silver, bearing the sheriff’s white rod. Th^e high sheriff in scarlet, his sword hanging in a broad on ^ lT^f covered with silver lafe, mounted on a very beautiful horse, having a Turkish bridle, with reins of TUE lillSll UU.UITERLY REVIEW. 3 ^^ green silk intermixed with gold, the caps and hoosings of green vel- vet, that was almost covered with gold lace, and bordered with a deep gold fringe. Two trumpets in green, profusely laced with silver. Twelve livery men in the colours of the family, mounted on black horses, from £20 to £40 price, with long tails, M hich, as well as their manes, were decked with roses of red ribbons ; the caps and hoosings having a centaur in brass, which is the crest of the Fitz Maurices. They had short horsemen’s wigs of one cut, with gold laced hats. Their back-swords hung in broad buff belts. Their cravats or stocks were black, fastened with two large gilt buttons behind. Each had a brace of pistols, and a bright carabine hanging in a bucket on his right side, with a stopper in the muzzle, of red mixt with white, that looked not unlike a tulip : his riding c^t, with a scarlet cape and gilt buttons, was rolled up behind him. of Kerry’s gentlemen of the horse single, mounted on a very fine bay horse. The steward, waiting gentlemen, and other domesticks of the lord Kerry. This cavalcade of the earl’s owm family, and all mounted out of his own stable, to the number of thirty -five, being passed, there followed another of the gentlemen of the country, which was \ery considerable, there being about twenty led horses with field cloths attending them. But the day proved very unfavourable, and all this pomp and gallantry of equipage was forced to march under a heavy and continued rain to Listowel, where the high sheriff had prepared a splendid entertainment, consisting of one hundred and twenty dishes, to solace the judges and gentlemen after their fatigues ; which, it seems, they greatly wanted ; for the roads were so heavy and deep, by reason of the excessive rain, that the judges were forced to leave their coach, and betake themselves to their saddle horses. But their repast was short, for tidings being brought that the river r oyl was swelling apace, they soon remounted, in order to pass over while it was fordable.” In 1768 Kerry house/' in Molesworth-street, came into the possession of Anthony Koster, eldest son of John Poster of Dunleer, appointed, in 1765, chief baron of the Irish Kx- chequer, a post which he resigned in 1776, and was succeeded in his house here on his death in 1778, by his son, John Poster, who was born in 1740, educated at Trinity College, Dublin, elected member for the borough of Dunleer at the age of eighteen, and called to the bar in 1766. In 1768 John Poster was returned for the county Louth, ten years subsequent to which he was appointed chairman of the committee of sup- ply; and on the resignation of Edmond Sexton Pery at the close of the session in 1785 Poster was unanimously chosen as his successor in the chair of Speaker of the Irish commons. Notwithstanding some blemishes in his public character, be was endowed with many excellent qualities — his measures in support of the corn trade of Ireland were good, he tol- lowed in this respect the track of lord Pery, and w^as of great utility to his country ; bis care and general attention to THK STREETS OE DUBLIN. 32r the linen and cotton manufactures were highly serviceable to the people, and redounded greatly to his credit. He had surprising knowledge of the resources of Ireland, her trade, her commerce, and her capabilities. His design in proposing the original commercial propositions in 1785 was excellent ; he forbore to urge those that were so faithlessly sent from England, and acted a wise and judicious part. He was an Irishman, though too much of a courtier, and too little inclined to the people ; his commencement in Ireland was bad, but his conclusion was good. At his outset he supported a perpetual Mutiny bill — opposed Free trade in 1779, and opposed Indepen- dence in 1781 : these, however, were times when England was all dominant, and few men dared to speak or even think for their coun- try ; but his fatal error v/as hostility to the Catholics — on this ques- tion he discovered his mistake too late, and in 1800 he found at last how vain it was to contend for the freedom of a country without the aid of all her people. When Speaker of the lower house he abridged the privileges of the commons, limiting the space usually allotted to them in the gallery of the house, and appropriating it to the atten- dants of the court, and here he acted in a partial and arbitrary as well as an unconstitutional manner. In 1795, at the time of lord Fitzwilliam’s short administration, be was sent for by the advisers of the Whig party, and was consulted by them in preference to Mr. Beresford ; the reason was that Foster was an Irishman attached to Ireland, though usually supporting government, but Mr. Beresford was an English slave, though in private an honorable man. Foster was at no period ever popular, and his conduct in ’98 was abominably bad, but at the Union he redeemed himself ; his arguments on thaf^ subject were excellent and unanswerable, and it was a fortunate cir- cumstance for Ireland that he was friendly to her at that crisis, as a speech from him against her would have been highly prejudicial to her interests.* He did not possess any eloquence, but had a calm de- livery — his manner was neither impassioned nor vehement, but he was accurate and firm ; his argument was generally able, his positions well arranged, close, and regular; his knowle%e of the financial affairs of Ireland was extensive, and his speeches on her trade and commerce at the time of the Union were unrivalled and never an- swered. He received little attention from Mr. Pitt after the Union, and was not regarded by him ; the latter remembered that Mr. Foster called his speech on that subject a paltry production, and his knowledge of finance was designedly disparaged in England; he was, however, created chancellor of the exchequer for Ireland, on the retirement of Mr. Corry, and supported the Corn bill in 1815, with a view to promote the agriculture of Ireland, On the whole, he was a remarkable Irishman, and so long as Ireland need refer to the his- ?! ? ( " I 1 1 r 1 ■1 '■ * After the termination of the debate in the commons on 24th January, 1799, when the paragraph in favor of the Union was negatived by a majority of five, wc are told that : — “ On the Speaker’s coming out of the House, the horses were taken from his carriage, and he was drawn in triumph through the streets by the people, who conceived the whimsical idea of taekling the lord chancellor to the coach, and (as a captive gene- ral in a Koman triumph) forcing him to tug at the chariot of his con- queror. Had it been effected it would have been a signal anecdote, and THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. tery of the Union for proof that it was neither a gain nor a compact, her^advo cates will consult Mr. Foster’s speeches.” After the passing of the act of Union, government demanded the Speaker's mace from Uoster, which the latter refused to surrender, saying that until the body that entrusted it to his keeping demanded it, he would preserve it for them.^^ This interesting relic, together with the old chair of the Irish house of commons, which was removed to make way for a new one (now in the Board-room of the Royal Dublin Society), is at present in the custody of Lord Massereene, the Speaker's grand- son, and author of O’Sullivan, the bandit Chief, a legend of Killarney, in six cantos, 8vo. Dublin : 1844. John Foster was created baron Oriel of Collon, County Louth, in 1821 ; his only son, Thomas Henry Foster, viscount Ferrard, having married viscountess Massereene, assumed the name of Skeffing- ton, and died in 1843. To his eldest son, who now enjoys the titles of baron of Lough Neagh, viscount Ferrard, baron Oriel in the peerage of Ireland, and baron Oriel of Ferrard in the peerage of England, we are indebted for some of the fore- going particulars connected with the history of the late Speaker and his residence in Molesworth-street. Dr. John Van Lewen, the son of a Dutch physician, who had accidentally settled in Ireland at the close of the seven- teenth century, also dwelt in this street. Van Lewen studied at Leyden under the famous Boerhaave, and became very eminent in his profession, being the only accoucheur in Dublin during the early part of the last century. He was elected would, at least, have immortalized the classic genius of the Irish. The populace closely pursued his lordship for that extraordinary purpose ; he escaped with great difficulty, and lied, with a pistol in both hands, to a receding doorway in Clarendon-street. But the people, who pursued him in sport, set up a loud laugh at him, as he stood terrified against the door ; they offered him no personal violence, and returned in high glee to their more innocent amusement of drawing the Speaker.” A descrip- tion of Foster’s conduct in the chair of the house of commons on the passing of the act of Union, was given in the notice of the Irish Parlia- ment house, Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II., 750. In the Dublin Penny Journal, Vol. II., 259, will be found an engraving of the Speak- er’s residence, the site of which is now occupied by the three houses known as 29, 30, and 31 Molesworth-street. The Royal Dublin Society possesses a portrait of Foster, whose likeness was engraved in oval by Maguire, and also, at full length, in 1792 by C. Hodges, from a painting by C. G. Stuart. On the south side of Molesworth-street stands a large house, said to have been erected by lord Lisle towards the middle of the last century, which was occupied from 1783 by Thomas Kingsbury, L.L.D., commissioner of bankruptcy and vicar of Kildare. In the year 1819 it came into the possession of Mr. John Lawler, its present occupier, who gave it the name of “ Lisle house,” by which it is now known. the streets op DUBLIN. 3n Resident of the College of physicians in 1734, and died at his house here m 1736; his daughter Letitia, who became the wife of the Eev. Matthew Pilkington, was well known in the last century by her misfortunes and her writings. Lieutenant General Gervas Parker, commander of the forces ^ ^ whose only daughter married Amyas Bushe 01 Ailfane, author of Socrates,^^ a dramatic poem, resided and in Molesworth-street, until his death in 1756, the Eev. Eoger Lord kept a school of great reputa- tion, at which were educated Eobert Jephson, author of the Count of Narbonne;^^ and Edmond Malone, the commen- tator on Shakspeare, both of whom took leading parts in the private theatricals performed in this academy, under the super- intendence of Macklin. Ill Molesworth-street, till late in the last century, was the town residence of the family of Yesey, members of which, from the year 1734, enjoyed the office of comptroller and accountant gen^eral of the Irish revenue. Agmondisham Yesey, the first family appointed to that post, married the heiress of William Sarsfield of Lucan, by his wife Mary, sister to the unfortunate duke of MonmoutL The present earl of Lucan is descended from Yesey^s daughter Anne, wife of sir John Bingham Mr. Burke, compiler of the Peerage, asserts that Bingham s desertion of the cause of king James mainly caused^ the oss of the battle of Aughrim, a statement which IS totally unfounded, as he held no rank in the Jacobite army. His conduct in parliament is thus described in 1736 “ There observe the tribe of Bingham, F or he never fails to bring ’em ; While he sleeps the whole debate. They submissive round him wait ; Yet would gladly see the hunks. In his grave, and search his trunks. See they gently twitch his coat, J ust to yawn and give his vote. Always firm in this vocation, For the court against the nation.” To lady Bingham^s artistic acquirements we are indebted for the portrait of her grand-uncle, Patrick Sarsfield, the Jacobite earl of Lucan. Prom this painting, which, in the last century, was in the possession of sir Charles Binff- ham, ot Castlebar, an admirable engraving was executed by P Tilhard, a Prench artist. ^ 18 32S ■m THE lEISH QUARTEELY REVIEW. Here also dwelt Arthur Dawson, a native of Ireland, called to the Bar in 1723, and appointed baron of the excliequer in 1741, a post which he resigned in 1768. Dawson was one of the judges who tried the case in ejectment of James Annesley against the earl of Anglesey in 1743 ; on this extraordinary trial which lasted from the 11th to the 25th of November, Walter Scott founded his novel of Guy Mannering.^^ A writer well acquainted with him tells us that “ The baron was a gentleman of a grave, reserved and penetrat- ing aspect, though extremely handsome both in his person and coun- teLnce ; but he had such an unbounded flow of real wit and true humour, that he said more good things in half an hour, and forgo them the next, than half the comick writers in t^e world have in- troduced into their plays ; and what added to the delight such an entertainment must afford, was, that it was all genuine, unstudied, and concise ; so that while he sat, ‘ LaugMer holding both his sides,’ He appeared himself with the same steadfastness that accompanied him on the bench as a judge : and so happy was this great man in the talent of unbending his mind, that he could even make compa- nions of his son and myself, though both so young and giddy ; nay, he would adapt his discourse exactly to our degree of compre- hension, and by that means became master of our minutest thoughts. He has wandered with us for hours through his wide domains, leaped over ditches, looked for birds’ nests, flown a kite, and played at marbles : he might in this respect be compared to that great Ko- man, who, when called on to serve the senate, was found toying amongst his children.” Baron Dawson composed the famous song on Thomas Morris Jones, of Money Glas,* from which we extract the following stanzas : « Ye good fellows all Who love to be told where there’s claret good store, Attend to the call of one who’s ne’er frighted. But greatly delighted with six bottles more ; Be sure you don’t pass the good house Money Glas, Which the jolly red god so peculiarly owns ; ’Twill well suit your humour, for pray what wou d you more, Than mirth with good claret, and bumper Squire Jones. « Ye poets who write, , , , i And brag of your drinking fam’d Helicon s brook, Tho’ all you get by’t is a dinner oft-times. * A corruption of ^Puitje (^Muine p/as).— the green brake. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 3 ?^ In reward for your rhimes, with Humphry the duke ;* Learn Bacchus to follow, and quit your Apollo, Forsake all the Muses, those senseless old drones ; Our jingling of glasses, your rhyming surpasses. When crown’d with good claret, and bumper Squire Jones, Ye soldiers so stout, With plenty of oaths, tho’ no plenty of coin. Who make such a rout, of all your commanders, Who served us in Flanders, and eke at the Boyne, Come, leave off your rattling, of siegeing and battling. And know you’d much better to sleep with whole bones, W ere you sent to Gibraltar,* your note you’d soon alter, And wish for good claret and bumper Squire Jones, '‘Ye lawyers so just. Be the cause what it will who so learnedly plead. How worthy of trust, you know black from white. Yet prefer wrong to right, as you’re chanc’d to be fee’d. Leave musty reports, and forsake the king’s courts. Where Dulness and Discord have set up their thrones. Burn Salkeld'f and Yentris,J with all your damn’d entries. And away with the claret, a bumper. Squire Jones. Ye physical tribe. Whose knowledge consists in hard words and grimace. Whene’er you prescribe, have at your devotion Pills, bolus or potion, be what will the case : Pray where is the need to purge, blister and bleed. When ailing yourselves, the whole faculty owns. That the forms of old Galen, are not so prevailing, As mirth with good claret, and bumper Squire Jones.” Of the origin of this song, which we are inclined to attribute to the year 1727, the following account was given by the late • An English literary antiquarian observes that “ the phrase of dining with Duke Humphrey, which is still current, originated in the following manner ;_Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, though really buried at St. Alban s, was supposed to have a monument in old St. Paul’s, from which one part of the church was termed ‘ Duke Humphrey’s Walk.’ In this as the church was then a place of the most public resort, they who had no means of procuring a dinner, frequently loitered about, probably in hopes of meeting with an invitation, but under pretence of looking at the monu- ments. * Gibraltar was ceded to England by the peace of Utrecht in 1713. The above reference appears to have been to its unsuccessful, though pro- tracted, siege by the Spaniards in 1727. t William Salkeld, author of “Reports of cases in the King’s Bench &c., from the first of William and Mary to the tenth of queen Anne* Sixth edition published in 3 vols. 8vo., 1795. . compiler of Reports from the time of Charles II. to the third of William HI. Fourth edition published in 1726, THE IRISH QUARTEEI,Y REVIEW. 330 dean of St. Patrick's, a collateral descendant of the baron, who, however, appears to have been ignorant that Carolan’s death took place three years before Dawson had been promoted to the bench : — « Carolan and baron Dawson happened to be enjoying together, with others, the hospitalities of Squire Jones at Moneyglass, and slept in rooms adjacent to each other. The bard, being called upon by the company to compose a song or tune in honour of their host, undertook to comply with their request, and on retiring to his apart- ment, took his harp with him, and under the inspiration of copious libations of his favorite liquor, not only produced the melody now known as ‘ Bumper, Squire Jones,’ but also very indifferent English words to it. While the bard was thus employed, however, the judge was not idle. Being possessed of a fine musical ear, as well as of consi- derable poetical talents, he not only fixed the melody on his memory, but actually wrote the noble song now incorporated with it before he retired to rest. The result may be anticipated. At breakfast on the following morning, when Carolan sang and played his com- position, baron Dawson, to the astonishment of all present, and oi the bard in particular, stoutly denied the claim of Carolan to the melody, charged him with audacious piracy, both musical and poeti- cal, and, to prove the fact, sang the melody to his own words amidst the joyous shouts of approbation of all his hearers — the enraged bard excepted, who vented his execrations in curses on the judge both loud and deep.” The baron, who for many years represented the county of Londonderry in parliament, died at his house in Molesworth- street in 1775. He was succeeded by his nephew, Arthur Dawson, whose son, Henry Kichard, became dean of St. Patrick's. The present representative of the family is the Eight Hon. George Eobert Dawson, of Castle Dawson. In Molesworth-street, in the early part of the reign of George III., was the residence of Kane O'Hara, the distinguished burletta-writer, who was a member of the tribe of 0 Hara, or JJa h-Eaghra, which descended from Cian or Kane, son of Oliol Olum, king of Munster in the third century, and received their surname from Eaghra, or Hara, lord of Luighne or Ley- ny, in the county of Sligo. Dr. O'Donovan tells us, that according to Duald Mac Pirbis, Pearghal mSr O'Hara, who erected Teach-Teampla, now Temple-house, was the eleventh in descent from this Eaghra, and Cian or Kean O'Hara, who was living in 1666, was the eighth in descent from that lear- ghal." In 1706, Charles O’Hara, a distinguished soldier, was created baron of Tir Awley ; and Carolan, in his song entitled THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. S3/ m- Cupan Ui h-Eaghra, has eulogized, as follows, the hospitality of Kane O^Hara of Nymphsfield, county Sligo : — “ Oh ! were I at rest Amidst Aran’s green isles. Or in climes where the summer Unchangingly smiles ; Tho’ treasures and dainties Might come at a call. Still, O’Hara’s full cup, I would prize more than all.” The author of Midas^^ held a distinguished position in the fashionable circles of Dublin in the last century, and being a very skilful musician, he was elected vice-president of the Musical Academy, founded mainly through his exertions, in 1758. In the succeeding year he produced his celebrated burletta of Midas,"’"’ at a series of private theatricals performed at the seat of Mr. Brownlow, at Lurgan, county Armagh. It originally consisted of one act, commencing with the fall of Apollo from the clouds ; the author played the part of Pan,^' the other characters being filled by members of the family and their relations. “ Midas’^ was first publicly performed at Crow- street theatre in 1762, with the object of throwing ridicule on the Italian burlettas, which were then filling the coffers of Mossop, manager of the opposition theatre in Smock-alley. Spranger Barry was to have performed Sileno in " Midas," and rehearsed it several times ; but not being equal to the musical part, gave it up, and it was played by Robert Corry, a favourite public singer. The first cast was thus : Apollo, Yernon ; Midas, Robert Mahon ; Dametus, Oliver ; Pan, Morris; Daphne, Miss Elliott; Nysa, Miss Polly Young (afterwards married to Barthelemon, the fine violin performer) ; pd Mysis, Miss Macneil (afterwards Mrs. Hawtrey). Midas is made up of Dublin jokes and bye sayings, but irresistibly humorous. A writer in 1173 describes 0"Hara as having the appearance of an old fop, wearing spectacles and an anti- quated wig, and adds, that “ lie is, notwithstanding, a polite, sensible, agreeable man, foremost and chief modulator in all fashionable entertainments, the very pink of gentility and good breeding, and a very necessary man in every party for amuse- ment, and only he is sometimes a little too long-winded in his narratives, he would be a very amusing companion, as he seems to be very well informed.’’ In the extremely meagre published notices of 0"Hara, no THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 3^ reference has been made to his skill as an artist, of which w'e have a specimen in his etching of Dr. William King, arch- bishop of Dublin, in a wig and cap, of which portrait a copy has been made by Eichardson. One of his contemporaries tells us, that O’Hara was so remarkably tall, that, among his intimate friends in Ireland, he was nicknamed ‘ St. Patrick s steeple. At one time, Girardini’s Italian glee was extremely popular, and sung everywhere, in public and private. The words in Italian are : ‘ Vivan tutte le vezzose Donne, amabile, amorose, Che no’ hanno crudelta.' It w^as parodied, and for the last line they substituted this : ' Kane O’Hara’s cruel tall.’ ” Michael Kelly further tells us that Kane O’Hara, the ingenious author of ‘ Midas,’ had a puppet- show for the amusement of his friends; it was worked by a young^ man of the name of Nick Marsh, who sang for ‘ Midas and ‘ He was a fellow of infinite humour ; his parody on ‘ Shepherds, I have lost my love,’ was equal to any thing written by the well-known Captain Morris ; and with many others of equal merit, will be long remembered for the rich vein of humour which characterises it. The love of company, joined to a weak constitution, condemned this truly original genius to an early grave, regretted by all who knew him. In the performance of this fantoccini I sang the part ot Daphne, and was instructed by the author himself ; the others were by other amateurs. It was quite the rage with all the people ^ ot fashion, who crowded nightly to see the gratuitous performance. — - “ On the 25th of October, 1802, the burletta of ‘ Midas’ was revived at Drury Lane Theatre, with unqualified approbation. It had a run the first season, of twenty-seven nights. From my earliest days, 1 was fond of the music of ‘ Midas,’ which in my opinion is delightful. It was entirely selected by Kane O’Hara, who was a distinguished musical amateur ; his adaptations were not alone elegant and taste- ful, but evinced a thorough knowledge of stage effect. 1 have heard him, when a boy, sing at his own house in Dublin, with exquisite humour, the songs of Midas, Pan, and Apollo’s drunken song of, ‘ Be by your ft-iends advised, Too harsh, too hasty dad ! Maugre your bolts and wise head, The world will tliink you mad.’ When I acted the paid of Apollo at Drury Lane, I formed my style of singing and acting that song from the recollection of his manner of singing it. The simple and pretty melody, ‘ Pray Goody, please to moderate the rancour of your tongue,’ (before I sang it at Drury- lane,) was always sung in a quick jig time ; it struck me, that the air would be better slower, and I therefore resolved to sing it in the THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ^33 ‘ andantino grazioso’ style, and added a repetition of the last bar of the air, which I thought would give it a more stage effect. When I re. hearsed it the first time as I had arranged it, Mr. Kemble was on the stage, who, with all the performers in the piece, as well as the whole band in the orchestra, una voce, declared that the song ought to be sung in quick time, as it had ever been ; but I was determined to try it my own way, and I did so : and during the run of the piece, it never missed getting a loud and unanimous encore. When ‘ Midas* was revived at Covent Garden Theatre, it was sung by Mr. Sinclair in the exact time in which I sung it, and with deserved and additional success. It is not, I believe, generally understood, that Rousseau was the composer of it.” In addition to Midas,” O^Hara wrote The Golden Pip- pin,^^ a burletta, 1773; ^‘Tlie Two Misers,” a musical farce, 1775 ; April Day/’ a burletta, 1777 ; and “Tom Thumb,” 1780, the very successful alteration of Pielding^s burlesque, with the addition of songs. O^Hara^s death took place on 17th June, 1782, for some time previous to which he had been totally deprived of sight. “Kane O'Hara,” says the most recent English dramatic critic, “ was the very prince of burletta writers. His 'Golden Pippin' is whimsical; his lyrical additions to 'Tom Thumb' are every way worthy of that inimitable burlesque ; and his ' Midas' is the most per- fect thing of its kind in our language.” O'Hara was also author of an unfinished jeu d'esprit entitled “ Grigri, a true history, translated from the J aponese into Portuguese by Di- daquez Hadeczuca, companion to a missionary at Yendo ; from Portuguese into Trench by the Abbe du Pot a beurre, almoner to a Dutch vessel, on the whale-fishery ; and now, lastly, from the Trench into English, by the Eev. Doctor Turlogh O'Tinane, chaplain to an Irish regiment, in the Turkish service. Torbidden by the fathers of the holy Inqui- sition, and by all the states and potentates upon earth to be printed any where, yet printed and published for the transla- tor here and there, and everywhere. Sine ullo privilegio.” The manuscript of this production was presented in 1762, by the author to his intimate friend, Thomas Kennedy, Esq., of Clon- dalkin castle, county Dublin, whose descendants permitted it to be published in the ''Irish Monthly Magazine” for 1832. At No. 11 (now No. 13) in this street, from the year 1781, was the residence of James Titzgerald, an eminent lawyer, called to the bar in 1769, appointed third sergeant in 1778, second sergeant in 1783, and prime sergeant in 1786. One THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 3 ^^ -tso- of his professional contemporaries tells us, that Fitzgerald was at the very head of the bar, as prime sergeant of Ireland ; and adds : — “ I knew him long in great practice, and never saw him give up one case whilst it had a single point to rest upon, or he a puff of breath left to defend it ; nor did I ever see any barrister succeed, either in the whole or partially, in so many cases out of a given number as Mr. Fitzgerald : and I can venture to say (at least to think), that if the right honorable James Fitzgerald had been sent ambassador to Stockholm, in the place of the right honorable Yesey Fitzgerald, his cher garcon, he would have worked Bernadotte to the stumps, merely by treating him just as if he were a motion in the court of Exchequer.'’^ Government having found that no bribes could induce Fitzgerald to lend his sanction to the proposed union, dismissed him from office in 1798; the bar, however, passed a resolution thanking the prime sergeant for his noble conduct in preferring the good of his country to rank and emolument and determined to allow him the same prece- dence which he enjoyed when in office, the result of which was the occurrence of the following incident in the court of Chancery : — ' It was motion day, and according to usage the senior barrister present is called on by the bench to make his motions, after which the next in precedence is called, until the whole of the bar have been called on, down to the youngest barrister. The Attorney and Soli- tor-Generals having made their motions, the Chancellor called on Mr. Smith, the father of the bar, who bowed and said Mr. Saurin had precedence of him ; he then called on Mr. Saurin, who howed and said Mr. Ponsonby had precedence of him ; Mr. Ponsonby in like manner said Mr. Curran had precedence ; and Mr. Curran said he could not think of moving anything before Mr. Fitzgerald, who certainly had precedence of him ; the Chancellor then called on Mr. Fitzgerald, who bowed and said he had no motion to make ; and this caused the Chancellor to speak out — '' I see, gentlemen, you have not relinquished the business ; it would be better at once for his Majesty’s council, if they do not choose to conform to the regula- tions of the court, to resign their silk gowns, than sit thus in a sort of rebellion against their sovereign. I dismiss the causes in which these gentlemen are retained, with costs on both sides and thus saying. Lord Clare left the bench. The attorneys immediately de- termined they would not charge any costs.” This honorary precedence was continued to Fitzgerald until he expressly desired that it should be relinquished as injurious to the public business. In the house of commons he argued THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 336 ' ttSJT" atyj. ably against the union^ the illegality of which he demonstrated by constitutional arguments. Sir Jonah Barrington tells ns, that no man in Ireland was more sincere in his opposition to a union than Mr. Bitzgerald ; he was the first who declared his intention of writing its his- tory. He afterwards relinquished the design, and urged me to commence it — he handed me the prospectus of wbat he in- tended, and no man in Ireland knew the exact details of that proceeding better than he.’" Bitzgerald died in 1835, aged ninety-three years. By his wife, Catherine Vesey, elevated in 1826 to the Irish peerage, as baroness Bitzgerald de Yesci, he left a son, William, who, in 1815, assumed the additional name of Yesey, and successively held the posts of chancellor of the Irish exchequer, paymaster general of the forces, presi- dent of the board of trade and of the board of control. He was created a peer in 1835, as baron Fitzgerald of Desmond and Clan Gibbon, county Cork, and died unmarried in 1843, when the peerage expired, and the barony devolved upon his brother, the Bev. Henry Yesey Fitzgerald. Among the other residents in Molesworth-street, in the last century, were Eobert Emmett, state physician (1770 to 1776) ; viscount Eanelagh (1786); lord Blayney (1796): and lord Carberry (1799). James Fitzgerald, twentieth earl of Kildare, wanted two months of twenty-one years of age at the decease of his father in 1743. The arts and sciences were at that period rapidly progressing in Dublin under the encouragement of a wealthy resident aristocracy who emulated each other in the splendour of their establishments ; and lord Kildare, who had passed two years on the Continent, conceiving that the premier peer of Ireland should possess a town residence more suited to his rank and dignity than that then occupied by the Fitzgerald family in Suffolk-street, determined to erect for that purpose a building equalling in magnificence the mansion of any nobleman inEurope. Architectural designs having been obtained from Eichard Castles, the high ground on the south-east side of the city was at first proposed as the site of the projected edifice, the founda- tion stone, with the following inscription, was, however, finally laid in 1745 in Moles worth-fields,’^ a portion of which had acquired the appellation of ‘^^Coote-street,^^ a name since changed into Kildare-street : — ” THK IKISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 33 “ Domum Cujus hie lapis fundamen In agro Molesworthiana, Extrui curavit Jacobus Comes Kildarise vicesimus, Anno Domini, mdcc^xxxxv. Hinc discas, Quicunque temporum infortunio In ruinas tarn magnificse domus Incideris, Quantus ille fuit, qui extruxit, Quamque caduca sint omnia. Cum talia talium virorum Monumenta Casibus superesse non valeant. Richardo Gastello, Arch.” When Prince Charles Edward landed in Scotland in 1745, the earl of Kildare, emulating the spirited conduct of the Irish Jaco- bite nobles in 1688, volunteered, at his own expense, to levy, clothe, arm and maintain a regiment of cavalry for the king's service; his offer was, however, declined, and in 1746 he mar- ried lady Emilia Lennox, sister to the duke of Kichmond, and one of the most celebrated beauties of the day.* In 1753, lord Kildare took a leading part in opposing the pro-^ ceedings of the English ministry in its attempt to obtain a par- liamentary recognition of the right of the king of England to dispose of the surplus of £77,500 then in the Irish exchequer ; his popularity was also much increased by his proceeding direct to the king with an independent memorial impugning the con- duct of the ministers in Ireland. Among the medals struck to commemorate the parliamentary rejection of the money bill as altered by the English cabinet, was one presenting a full length portrait of the earl, sword in hand, guarding a sum of money, heaped upon a table, from the grasp of a hand outstretched from a cloud, with the motto, Touch not ! says Eiildare ; and so great was the exultation of the populace at the defeat of the “ Castle party" on the I6th of November, 1753, that his lordship, who was said to have rejected all the most allur- ing overtures of government, was occupied for an entire hour * Tbe portraits of tbe earl and countess, painted by Reynolds, now t ^ , locf non+.nrv hv .TflmoS MaC ^37 THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. in passing from the parliament house on College-green to Kildare house.” Lord Kildare resided in Ireland almost constantly. He not only supported his senatorial character with uniform independence, but, as a private nobleman, was truly excellent, living either in Dublin or among his numerous tenantry, whom he encouraged and protected. In every situation he was of the most unequivocal utility to his coun- try ; at Carton, in the Irish house of lords, or that of England, (he was a member of both,) or speaking the language of truth and justice in the closet of his sovereign. No man ever understood his part in society better than he did ; he was conscious of his rank, and upheld it to the utmost ; but let it be added, that he was remarkable for the dignified, attractive politeness, or, what the French call, nobleness of his manners. So admirable was he in this respect, that when he en- tertained some lord lieutenants, the general declaration on leaving the room was, that, from the peculiar grace of his behaviour, he ap- peared to be more the viceroy than they did. He was some years older than lord Charlemont, and took a lead in politics when that nobleman was abroad, and for some time after his return to Ireland; but when the house of lords became more the scene of action, they, with the late lord Moira, generally co-operated ; and, in truth, three noblemen so independent, this country, indeed any country, has sel- dom seen.” The mansion at Carton, county Kildare, was also rebuilt by this nobleman from designs by Castles, who died there sud- y- denly, in 1751, while writing directions to some of the arti- ficers employed at Leinster house, Dublin. O’Keeffe laid the scene of his play of the Poor Soldier” at Carton, and among a Series of dramatic entertainments there in 1761, we may notice the performance of the BeggaPs Opera,” by the fol- lowing distinguished amateurs, as affording an illustration of the state of Irish society in those days : Captain Morris. Lord Charlemont. Rev. Dean Marlay. Mr. Conolly of Castletown. Miss Martin. Lady Louisa Conolly. Countess of Kildare. Mr. Gore. Lord Powerscourt. Miss Vesey. Miss Adderley. Macheath, Peach’um, Lockit, Filch, Polly, Lucy, Mrs. Peach’um, Diana Trapes, Mrs. Slammekin, Jenny Diver, Mrs. Coaxer, The ensuing prologue was written for the occasion, and spoken in the character of Lockit,” by dean Marlay, who. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 33 ^ although satirized at that time as a canonical buck/’ was subsequently appointed bishop of Waterford : “ Our play, to-night, wants novelty ’tis true : That to atone, our actors all are new. And sure, our stage than any stage is droller • Lords act the rogue, and ladies play the stroller ; And yet, so artfully they feign, you’ll say. They are the very characters they play : But know they’re honest, tho’ their looks belie it — Great ones ne’er cheat, when they get nothing by it. Our ladies too, when they this stage depart. Will pilfer nothing from you but your heart. The melting music of our Polly’s tongue Will charm beyond the syren’s magic song ; Vincent* with grief shall hear fair Martin’s fame ; And tuneful Brentf shall tremble at her name. If Lucy seem too meek, yet, never fear. For all those gentle smiles, she’ll scold her dear ; But, her keen rage so amiable is found, Macheath you’ll envy, though in fetters bound. If Peach’um’s wife too fair, too graceful prove. And seem to emulate the queen of love j If no disguise her lustre can conceal. And every look a matchless charm reveal ; We own the fault — for spite of art and care, The Loves and Graces will attend Kildare. ‘ Diver’ and blooming ‘ Coaxer,’ if you knew them. You’d think you ne’er could be too loving to them ; When you behold our ‘ Peach’um,’ ‘ Filch,’ and ‘ Lockit,* You’ll shudder for j'our purse, and guard your pocket. Our ‘ Trapes’ from DouglasJ ’self the prize would win, ’> More virgins would decoy, and drink more gin. When ‘ Slammekin’ you view, politely drunk, You’ll own the genuine Covent Garden punk. Thus, virtue’s friends their native truth disguise. And counterfeit the follies they despise ; By wholesome ridicule, proud vice to brand, And into virtue laugh a guilty land : But, when this busy, mimic scene is o’er. All shall resume the worth they had before, ' Lockit’ himself his knavery shall resign. And lose the gaoler in the dull divine.” In 1761 the ancient title of earl of Kildare was merged in that of marquis, and in 1766 his lordship was created duke of Leinster, a dignity which he enjoyed for only seven years. * A famous singer in London. f An actress celebrated for her performance of “ Polly,’’ in the “ Beg- gar’s Opera.” X An infamous London character. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 359 This dukedom, it may be observed, was first conferred in 1691 by William III. upon Meinhardt, second son of Frederic Schonberg, the famous veteran who was cut down in the midst of his troops by the Irish Jacobites, at the battle of the Boyne. Meinhardt Schonberg, also a distinguished officer, married Charlotte, daughter of Charles Louis, elector palatine, and dying without issue male, in 1719, the title of this Dutch duke of Leinster became extinct. William Eobert, second Geraldine duke of Leinster, born in 1 7T8, first entered the political arena in 1767, when he success- fully contested the representation of the city of Dublin with John La Touche, as already noticed in our account of that family. Shortly after his accession to the title in 1773, masquerades were introduced into Dublin, and conducted on a scale of great splendour ; on such occasions, before the company assembled at the Music Hall or the Eotunda, it was customary for the various characters to visit and walk through the state apart- ments of the mansions of the principal nobility and gentry in the city, which were usually thrown open for their reception, and hospitably provided with the choicest delicacies for the masqueraders, who were thus always most sumptuously regaled at Leinster house. When masqued balls were held at his mansion, the duke standing at the head of the great staircase, received and welcomed the various groupes ; his grace patron- ized these amusements very extensively, and at a great masque- rade at the Music Hall, on St. Patrick'^s eve, 1 7 7 8, he appeared dressed as an itinerant fruit vender, significantly changing his oranges for shamrocks as St. Patrick's day dawned.* On the formation of the Volunteers, the appointment of a commander-in-chief over their corps in the metropolis became an object of deep national importance to the heads of the or- ganization : — They did not, however, long hesitate in their choice of a com- mander ; — every eye seemed to turn, by general instinct, on William duke of Leinster — His family, from the earliest periods had been favorites of the people — he had himself, when marquis of Kildare, been the popular representative for Dublin — he was the only duke of Ireland — his disposition and his address combined almost every qua- lity which could endear him to the nation. The honesty of his heart might occasionally mislead the accuracy of his judgment — but he * For a full description of this masquerade, see account of the Music Hall, Fisharable-street, Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II. 44. THE lEISH QUAETEllLY REVIEW. always intended right — and his political errors usually sprung from the principle of moderation. This amiable nobleman was therefore unanimously elected, by the armed bodies of the metropolis, their general, and was immediately invested with all the honours of so high a situation ; a guard of Volunteers was mounted at his door— a body guard appointed to attend him on public occasions — and sen- tinels placed on his box when he honoured the theatre ; he was fol- lowed with acclamations whenever he appeared; and something approaching to regal honours attended his investiture.’" This was the first measure of the Volunteers towards the formation of a regu- lar army ; its novelty and splendour added greatly to its impor- tance, and led the way to the subsequent appointments which soon after completed their organization. The mild and unassuming dis- position of the duke, tending, by its example, to restrain the over zeal of an armed and irritated nation, did not contribute much to increase the energy of their proceedings, and at no distant period deprived him, for a moment, of a portion of that popularity which his conduct (with but little deviation) entitled him to, down to the last moments of his existence. — William duke of Leinster had long been the favourite and the patron of the Irish people, and never did the physiognomistf enjoy a more fortunate elucidation of his science: the softness of philanthropy — the placidity of temper — the openness of sincerity — the sympathy of friendship — and the ease of integrity stamped corresponding impressions on his artless coun- tenance, and left but little to conjecture, as to the composition of his character. His elevated rank and extensive connections gave him a paramount lead in Irish politics, which his naked talents would not otherwise have justified ; — though his capacity was respectable, it was not brilliant, and his abilities were not adapted to the highest class of political pre-eminence. J ^ On public subjects, his conduct sometimes wanted energy, and his pursuits perseverance ; in some points he was weak, and in some instances erroneous — but in all he was honest from the day of his maturity to the moment of his dis- solution, he was the undeviating friend of the Irish nation— he con- sidered its interests and his own indissolubly connected— alive to the oppressions and miseries of the people, his feeling heart participated in their misfortunes, and felt the smart of every lash which the scourge of power inflicted on his country — As a soldier, and as a patriot, he performed his duties ; and in his plain and honourable disposition, was found collected a happy specimen of those qualities which best compose the character of an Irish gentleman.^ He took an early and active part in promoting the formation and discipline of the Volunteer associations— he raised many corps and commanded * See the account of the Irish Volunteers on College-green in 1779, Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II. 762. f His portrait was engraved by J. Dixon in 1775 from a painting by Reynolds; and in 1792 by Hodges, from an original by C. G. Stuart. t “ The political abilities of his Grace were likened, by a gentleman of great public talent, to a fair fertile field, without either a weed or a wild flower in it.” THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. the Dublin army. The ancient celebrity of his family — the vast ex- tent of his possessions — and his aifability in private intercourse, co- operated with his own popularity in extending his influence — and few persons ever enjoyed a more general and merited influence amongst the Irish people.” The various Yolunteer corps were constantly drilled and paraded on the duke^s lawn, from which, surrounded by an immense concourse of spectators, on the 19th of July, 1785, the first Irish aeronaut, Eichard Crosbie, son of sir Paul Crosbie, made an ascent, of which we have the following particulars : — At half-past two, p. m. Mr. Crosbie ascended with an ele- gant balloon, from the duke of Leinster’s lawn, after being twice forced to descend ; but on throwing out more of his ballast, he surmounted all obstacles. The current of the wind which carried him at first, at due east, .soon after seemed inclined to bear him north-east, and pointed his voyage to- wards Whitehaven. When the balloon was seventeen minutes in view, it immersed in a cloud, but in four minutes after, its appear- ance again was testified by the numerous plaudits of the multitude. It now continued in sight by the aid of achromatic glasses, thirty-two minutes from its ascent, when it was entirely lost to the view ; some rockets were then sent oif, and the troops of volunteers, who at- tended, discharged their last vollies. Mr. Crosbie had about 300 lb. weight of ballast, but discharged half a hundred in his first rise of ascension. At upwards of fourteen leagues from the Irish shore, he found himself within clear sight of both lands of the sister kingdoms, at which time, he says, it is impossible to give the human imagination any adequate idea of the unspeakable beauties which the scenery of the sea, bounded by both lands, presented. It was such (said he) as should make me risk a life, to enjoy again. He rose, at one time, so high, that the mercury in the barometer sunk entirely into its globe, and he was constrained to put on his oil -cloth cloak, but unluckily found his bottle of cordial broke, and could obtain no refreshment. The upper current of air was different from the lower, and the cold so intense, that his ink was frozen. He experineced a strong prepul- sion on the tympanum of the ears, and a sickness which must have been aggravated by the anxiety and fatigue of the day. At his utmost height, he thought himself stationary ; but liberating some of his gas, he descended to a current of air, blowing north, and extremely rough. He now entered a black cloud, and encountered a prepulsion of wind, with lightning and thunder, which brought him rapidly to- wards the surface of the water. Here the balloon made a circuit, but falling lower, the water entered his car, and he lost his notes of ob- servation j but recollecting that his watch was at the bottom of the car, he groped for it, and put it into his pocket. All his endeavours to throw out ballast were of no avail, the intemperance of the weather plunged him into the ocean. He now thought of his cork waistcoat, and by much difficulty having put it on, the propriety of his idea became manifestly useful in the construction of his boat, as by the admission of the water into the lower part of it, and the suspension of his bladders, which were arranged at the top, the water, added to THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 3>ltX his own weight, became proper ballast, and the balloon maintaining its poise, it became a powerful sail, and by means of snatch-block to his car, or both, he went before the wind as regularly as a sailing vessel. In this situation, he found himself inclined to eat a morsel of fowl ; when at the distance of another league, he discovered some vessels crowding after him ; but as his progress outstripped all their endeavours, he lengthened the space of the balloon from the car, which gave a consequent check to the rapidity of his sailing, when the Dunleary barge came up, and fired a gun. One of the sailors jumped into his car, and made it fast to the barge, on which the aero- naut came out with the same composure and fortitude of mind which marked the whole complexion of his adventure. At this time another of the sailors, after the car was brought on board, laid hold of the haulyard which suspended the balloon, and it being released from its under weight, a ludicrous scene ensued, for the balloon ascended above one hundred feet into the air, to the utmost extent of the rope, the fellow bawling most vehemently, under the apprehension of taking a flight to the clouds ; but being dragged down, by the united efforts of the whole crew, the poor tar was, for once, eased of his fears of going to heaven. The barge now steered for Dunleary, and towed the balloon after it. About ten o’clock they landed. On the morning of the 20th, Mr. Crosbie had the honor of receiving the congratulations and breakfasting with their graces the duke and duchess of Rutland, at Mr. Lee’s elegant lodge at Dunleary. He was afterwards conducted to town by lord Ranelagh and sir Fre- derick Flood, bart, chairmen of his committee, and at two o’clock he waited on his grace the duke of Leinster, at Leinster house, and af- terwards went to Dr. Austin’s, at Stephen’s-green. The populace having received intimation of this, crowded to the house, and not- withstanding all his endeavours to the contrary, they forced him into a chair, and carried him in triumph to the college. After he had remained at Mr. Hutchinson’s house an hour, his committee waited on him, and a prodigious multitude having gathered in College- green, and insisting on chairing him again, he found himself in reality constrained to submit, and the intrepid aeronaut was borne on the shoulders of his friends, (his committee walking before him) to the castle, and afterwards, in the same procession, to his house in North Cumberland-street, amidst the acclamations of surrounding thou- sands.”* Crosby, says one of his friends, was of immense stature, being above six feet three inches high : he had a comely look- ing, fat, ruddy face, and was beyond all comparison, the most ingenious mechanic I ever knew. He had a smattering of all sciences, and there was scarcely an art or trade of which he had not some practical knowledge. His chambers at College * Of the extraordinary balloon mania which prevailed at this period in Dublin, an account will be hereafter given. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. Q-g7T were like a general workshop of all kinds of artizans ; he was very good tempered, exceedingly strong, and as brave as a lion but as dogged as a mule : nothing could change a reso- lution of his when once made, and nothing could check or resist his perseverance to carry it into execution. I never saw i^'o persons in face and figure more alike than Crosby and Daniel 0 Connell : but Crosby was the taller by two inches, and it was not so easy to discover that he was an Irishman.’^ The following description of Leinster house was written by an English artist in 1794 ‘ Leinster house, the town residence of his grace the duke of Leinster, is the most stately private edifice in the city ; pleasantly situated at the south-east extremity of the town, commanding pros- pects few places can exhibit ; and possessing advantages few city tabricks can obtain, by extent of ground both in front and rear : in tront, laid out m a spacious court yard ; the ground in the rear, made a beautiful lawn with a handsome shrubbery, on each side, screening the adjacent houses from view : enjoying, in the tumult of a noisy metropo is, all the retirement of the country. A dwarf wall, which divides the lawn from the street, extends almost the entire side of a handsome square, called Merrion-square. The form of the building is a rectangle, one hundred and forty feet long, by seventy feet deep • with a circular bow in the middle of the north end, rising two stories. Adjoining the west front, which is the principal, are short Doric colonnades, communicating to the offices ; making, on the whole, an extent of more than two hundred and ten feet, the breadth of the court-yard. The court is surrounded by a high stone wall, orna- mented with rusticated piers ; which, after proceeding parallel with the ends of the building, as far as a gateway on the western side and another opposite it, the court being uniform, it takes a circular sweep f^rom one gate to the other, but broke in the middle by a larger and handsomer gateway directly fronting the house, communicating to the ^reet, and exhibits there a plain, but not inelegant, rusticated front. 1 he house, or rather the gateway of the court-yard, is in Kildare- street ,• so named from one of the titles of his grace, who is marquis ot Kildare ; and is the termination of a broad genteel street, called Molesworth -street.^ The garden front has not much architectural embellishment ; it is plain, but pleasing ; with a broad area before it, the whole length of the front, in order to obtain light to offices in an under story,_but which receive none from the west, to the court-yard. From the middle of the front, on a level with the ground floor, a handsome double flight of steps extends across the area to the lawn. 1 he greater part of the building is of native stone ;* but the west front and all the ornamental parts throughout are of Portland. South of the building are commodious offices and stables. The inside * Quarried at Ardbraccan, co. Meath. 19 jZ/4 THE HUSH aUARTERLY REVIEW. nf this mansion, in every respect, corresponds with the grandeur of its erterlupPance. The Lll is lofty, rising two stor.es. ornament d with three quarter columns of the Doric order, and an enriched entablature? the ceiling is adorned with stucco ornaments, on ooloured Sounds • and the whole is embellished with many rich and tasty ornaments. To the right of the hall are the family private apart- ments •* the whole, convenient, beautifully ornamented, and "'ogan y forced • overlooking the lawn, is the great dining parlour, t and adiSng it. at the north end, is an elegant long room, the whole Sh o/the house, twenty-four feet wide, called the supper room,j: adwned with sixteen fluted Ionic columns, supporting a rich oeihng. Over the supper room is the picture gallery, of the same ^™“S > ^ntaining niLy fine paintings by the first ments, chosen and displayed with great elegance ; ^ and highly enriched and painted, from designs ‘> 3 '. ^’^vXattd^ I « fHstmtrmslied pictures are a student, drawing horn a bust, oy TembrS theraL by Claude Lorraine; the triumph STSrite by L^cca GiorLno ; two capital pictures of Rubens Id Ss tfo w veJ, by Van Dyck ; dogs killing a stag ; a fine picture of |a?n^CatLrine;’a'landsca^e, b,- Barrett ; with many other. n a bow in the middle of one side, is a fine marbie statue, an A ionis, Ei” SiXf .1- Black Rock, the remote grounds and hills most loaves backed bv the extensive mountains of Wicklow, wnicn mo^L kxfd‘u\fofZett:::‘:htrex^^^^^^^ nently conspicuous, as well as m many other instances at i g * Now used as the offices of the secretaries, registrar, &c. f The present “ Conversation room.” the whitewash with which they " t are now preserved at Society in 1815. The paintings, noticed in the text, are^^ Carton. The drawing room of - Leinster-house” we IXndXl'to iSrt"thc Eight Jn. the Mantis of Kildare. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. tn country residence, at Cartown, near Dublin ; and all evince his patriot- ism, and refined enjoyment of a domestic life.” The dake s popularity suffered a temporary diminution from the misconstructions popularly placed upon his expressions in the house of lords, where he declared that, in his opinion, Ireland should, for the present, rest satisfied with the conces- sions extorted from Great Britain, and calmly await further instalments of her rights. In 1789 a series of magnificent entertainments was given here by the duke to those who sup- ported his parliamentary party on the Eegeiicy question. The Vv hig club,'’^ formed in the same year to oppose the violence of. the government partizans, frequently assembled at I.einster house,^where also were held the meetings of the ''Opposition party,'" and of the leaders of the movement for the relaxation of the Eornan Catholic disabilities. Brom his return to Europe from America m 1789, Leinster house was the occasional resi- dence lord Edward Fitzgerald ; in 1791, while attending his place in the house of commons, we find him observing that he with his brother Henry, had been "living quite alone in Lein- ster house, whence they generally rode to the Blackrock; and in 1791, after his marriage, he writes to his mother : "I confess Leinster house does not inspire the brightest ideas. By the by, what a melancholy house it is; you can’t conceive how much it appeared _so, when first we came from Kildare • but it is going off a little. A poor country house-maid I brought with me cried for two days, and said she thought she was in a prison. Pamela and I amuse ourselves a good deal by walking about the streets." After joining the United Irish organization, various conferences were held here by lord Ed- ward Fitzgerald with Thomas Eeynolds, then privately in the pay of the government. This informer, in his depositions swore as follows : — -About four o’clock on Sunday, the 11th of March, I called at Leinster house, upon^ lord Edward Fitzgerald. I had a nrinted paper in my hand, which I had picked up somewhere, purporting to be directions or orders signed by counsellor Saurin to the lawyers’ rhese required them, in case of riot or alarm, to repair to Smithfield, and such as had not ball-cartridge were to g-et them at his house, and such as were going out of town and did not think their arms safe, were to deposit them with him; and there was a ittle paper inside, which mentioned that their orders were to he kept secret. Lord Edward Fitzgerald, upon reading this paper, seemed greatly agitated: he said he thought governmLt intended the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. arrest l.im, and he wished he could get to France to hasten the invasion, which he could do by his intimacy with Talleyrand Pei i- fford, one of the French ministers. He said he would not approve of \ o-eneral invasion at first, but that the French had some very fine faslsailinff frigates, and that he would put on board them as many English and Irish officers as he could procure to come over from France, and as many men as were capable of drilling, and stores and ammunitions of different kinds, and run them into some port in this country ; he said he thought Wexford might do : that it would be unsuspLted, and if they succeeded they could establish a rallying point until other helps should come. Lord Edward, after this con- versation, walked up and down the room in a very agitated manner : ‘ No,’ said he, ‘ it is impossible, government cannot be informed of it • they never have been able to know where they Provincial meet. Shortly^ after this, the servant came and asked was , , dinner.^ I went away he wanted me to stay dinner, but I would not.” On the day after this conversation the delegates assembled at Bond^s were arrested through the informations lodged by Eevnolds ; lord Edward not having been found in their com- pany, a separate warrant was issued for his apprehension, Ld he was about to enter Leinster house when he received intelligence that the soldiery were then in the mansion by virtue of their authority. . -r • . i Of the state of things at the time ;i\Leinster house, we have the following account from a journal of lady Sarah IN apier, aunt to lord Edward Eitzgerald, and mother of the historian ot the Peninsular war : — « The separate warrant went by a Carlton, an^d a party of soldiers, commanded by a major O Kelly, into Leinster house. The servants ran up to lady Edward, wbo was ill with the gathering in her breast, and told her ; she said, ‘ there is no help, send them up:’ they asked very civilly for her naners and Edward’s, and she gave them all. Her apparent distiess mwed major O’Kelly to tears ; and their whole conduct was proper They left^er, and soon returned (major Boyle having been with two ^dragoons to Frescati, and taken such papers as wei e in then Sting room, and not found Edward) to search Lmnster house for him and came up with great good nature to say, • Madam, we wish ro“ell you our "earchis in vain, lord Edward h^ escaped.’ Dr Lind- sav returning from hence (Carton) went to pmster house to her, Sd there fofnd her in the greatest agitation the humour J^ite gone linolc and li6 W3)S a ffood deal alarinGd for n6r , ^ a ^ "u tha^ God recovered.’-' Louisa (Conolly) went to Leinster house where poor little Pamela’s fair, meek, and pitiable account of it all moved her to the greatest degree, and gained my sister s good opinion of her sense and good conduct.’ My sister charged her no THK STREETS OP DUBLIN. H7 w to name his name, — not to give a soul a hint of where he was, if she knew it, and to stay at Leinster house, seeing everybody that called, and keep strict silence, — to which Pamela agreed. — By this time I had heard from others, that all Dublin was in consternation on Mon- day morning ; that upon the papers being carried to council, the chancellor was sent for at the courts to attend it ; that he dashed out in a hurry, and found a mob at the door, who abused him, and he returned the abuse by cursing and swearing like a madman. He niet lord Westmeath, and they went into a shop and came out with pistols, and the chancellor thus went on foot to council.”* Soon after these events, laclj Pamela Pitzgerald removed from Leinster house, which appears never to have been revisited by lord Edward, although it was reported in the city that he was for some time concealed there. Tradition state that one of his last interviews with his lady took place in the small house now known as No. 23 Molesworth-street. The duke of Leinster invariably opposed the tyrannical proceedings of lord Clare and his associates, and consequently was not summoned to the privy council when violent measures were contemplated. His name appears at the head of the list of Irish peers who pro- tested against the union ; lord Charles Pitzgerald, however, in opposition to the duke, supported that measure for whicli he was compensated with a peerage. Augustus Frederick, the present duke, succeeded to the title in 1804, and having in 1815 offered to dispose of Leinster house to its present occupants for the sum of £20,000, the Eoyal Dublin Society finally became his Grace's tenants by payment of £10,000, together with an annual rent of £600, and assembled for the first time in Kildare- street, on the first day of June, 1815. Previously to the building of Kildare house," a few other mansions had been erected on that portion of Molesworth- fields," since called Kildare-street." Castles built two houses in Kildare-place,t one for the Massereene family, the * Arthur O’Connor was arrested in Kildare-street, in February, 1797. t Lady Parsons resided in Kiidare-place till her death in 1775; we find that in 1774 her house here was robbed of plate and jewels to the amount of .£2,500, for which Patrick St. John and William West were subsequently arrested in London. In 1783 the earl of Lanesborough lived in Kiidare- place, the end house of which, next to that of tlie duke of Leinster, was the town residence of the Archdall family. In the middle of the last ceu- tury the ground now occupied by the buildings of Erasmus Smith’s schools, &c., was laid out in gardens extending to the rere of Shelburne house, now the Shelburne hotel. As a general ignorance prevails relative to the THE IRISH QUARTERLY KP^VIEW. 3lf« other for sir Skeffington Smith; and John Ensor, who erected several houses in this locality, set in 1753 the dwelling-house on the north, next corner of Coote-street, otherwise Kildare- street,^^ to Mary, countess dowager of Kildare, for 999 years, at tlie annual rent of £36. Here also were the residences of Arthur Smith (1755), bishop of Down and Connor, and of ■William Carmichael, bishop of Meath, whose house, next to lord Kildare’s, was in 1762 occupied by Denison Cumberland, bishop of Clonfert, father of The Terence of England, the mender of hearts,"’ who, in speaking of the social condition of the city in his time^ says — ‘‘yo ^Ff5rS' THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Presb^'terian tribe. Thus this doctor nourished, together with the Presbyterians, until the year 1652, or thereabouts. About the year 1652 Charles Fleetwood, coming hither to rule the affairs of this nation, he brought over with him one Thomas Patience, a bodice- maker or taylor by trade, whom he made his chaplain : Fleetw^ood being a great Anabaptist, had no sooner usurped the government, but this Anabaptist preacher must preach in Christ church, that being the church for the lord lieutenants and deputies of this realm ; so that Dr. Winter was forced to give way for a new preacher ; yet that this new alteration might not totally expulse Presbytery and Independency, these two were to preach as oft as they pleased in the said cathedral : but Charles Fleetw'ood, to encrease his fraternity, and add to Patience’s congregation, at this time would prefer none to place or imployment, save those of this fraternity, or those who, for lucre sake would renounce their baptism and become of this tribe ; whereupon several both from the Presbyters and the Inde- pendents fell, and were dipt.” An epitome of the discourses delivered in Christchurch during the Commonwealth is preserved in a small volume published by the rev. Samuel Winter in 1656, entitled, The sum of divers sermons preached in Dublin before the lord deputy Eleetwood, and the commissioners of parliament for the afi'airs of Ireland : wherein the doctrine of infant baptism is asserted, and the main objections of Mr. Tombs, Mr. Eisher, and Mr. Blackwood and others, answered."" Another distinguished preacher here at the same period was Dr. Thomas Harrison, chaplain to Henry Cromwell, who was selected to deliver a funeral oration on the Protector, which is published under the title of Threni Hi- bernici ; or Ireland sympathizing with England and Scotland, in a sad lamentation for the loss of their Josiah (Oliver Crom- well) ; in a sermon at Christ church, Dublin, before his excel- lency the lord deputy, with divers of the nobility, gentry, and commonalty there assembled, to celebrate a funeral solemnity upon the death of the late lord Protector,"" 1659. On the Eestoration we find that the first parliament of Charles II. having assembled to hear divine service in this church in 1661, seats were provided for its members at the cost of £31 I3s. 4d. ; £40 being also paid for the pews of the speaker of the house of lords. On all solemn occasions and days of public thanksgiving sermons were usually preached Christ church before the houses of parliament, the judges, the lord mayor and corporation, and other dignitaries ; the principal of these anniversaries were the 30th of January, the 23d of October, the 5th November, and, after 1690, the 4th of the same month, being the birth day of M illiam III. Christ THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. . 57 / church, beiug regarded as the chapel royal of Dublin, was regularly attended by the viceroy, or, in his absence, by the lords justices, and when they went thither, the streets from the Castle gate to the church door, as also the great aisle of the church to the foot of the stairs, by which they ascended to their seats, were lined with soldiers : they were preceded by the pursuivants of the council chamber, two mace-bearers, and, on state days, by the king and pursuivant-at-arms, their chaplains and gentlemen of the household, with pages and footmen bare- headed ; on alighting from the coach, the sword of state was delivered to one of the peers to bear before them, and in like manner they returned to the Castle ; their carriage, both in coming and retiring, being guarded by a squadron of horse, and followed by a long train of nooility and gentry in coaches and six. During the J acobite government of Dublin, some apprehen- sions haying been excited by the discovery of arms in Christ church in September, 1689, the building was closed for a fortnight, after which it was used as a chapel by king James, who had the ceremonies of the Roman Catholic religion per- formed there, it being the only church in Dublin allocated by him to the citizens ot that religion. Dr. Alexius Stafford was appointed dean of this cathedral by James, and we find notice of sermons preached here before the king by Father Hall, and by the erudite Dr. Michael Moor, the latter incurred the royal displeasure, and was exiled from court for inculcating in a sermon delived in this church in 1690, tliat kings ought to consult clergymen in their temporal affairs, the clergy having a temporal as well as a spiritual right in the kingdom; but that kings had nothing to do with the managing of spiritual affairs, but were, to obey the orders of the church.'' After the Jacobite army had retired from Dublin, the Pro- testants regained possession of the church, and from that period, with the exception of the meeting of the convocation in St. Mary's chapel in 1703, we find but little of importance in connection with its history ; the following account of the commemoration of Handel on the 12th of May, 1788, may not, however, prove uninteresting : — ^ The president and vice-presidents, who humanely undertook the conducting the grand musical festival in commemoration of Handel having fixed on the great ayle of Christ church, as the most eligible place tor the performance, they had it previously fitted up, exactly THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 372- in the same manner and on the same plan as in Westminster abbey ; — the orchestra was so commodiously disposed, and the galleries con . trived in such a manner, that every person had a most distinct view of the performers. The oratorio of the Messiah was the performance of this day. At half- after eleven o’clock, the performers attended in their places— and precisely at twelve, their excellencies the marquis and marchioness of Buckingham ari ived—as soon as their excellen- cies were seated, the president (his grace the archbishop of Cashel) gave the signal for beginning the overture, by waving his hand, i he lolo singers were Mrs. Molloy (late Miss Wheeler), Miss Jameson, Doctor Parkinson, Mr. Carter, bachelor of music, Mr. Stephenson, and a boy of the choir. Doctor Parkinson evinced the scientific man in the whole of his performance, and did infinite justice to his sonp— Mr Carter’s voice was rather too weak for the largeness of the place, but’ he displayed an amazing deal of judgment and an uncommon elegance of taste. We must deservedly do justice to Mr. Stephepon, in saying, that he never sung better. The boy* has a most delightful voice but ’tis a pity he could not be well heard ; — and w^e were much surprised in the third act, to see a gentleman mount the orchestra (and we have it from good authority to say he never had a practice of his music) to offer himself to perform the reciptive of B^old,_l tell you a mystery,’ and the song of ‘ the trumpet shall sound Captain Ashef was the gentleman, and we must say, that the quality of his voice was far superior to any thing we have heard in this or the next kingdom ; he did uncommon justice to the songs. It seems he had, some time ago, an intention of assisting at the performance but he had relinquished it ; however, between the second and third acts, some friends of his absolutely seized on him, and forced him into the orchestra.— Several ladies of distinction, well known in the musical world, assisted in the choruses, and amongst these we could perpive lady Belvedere, lady Valentia, lady Piers, hon. Mrs. Stopford, Mrs. Trant, Mrs. Saunders, Mrs. Musgrave, Mrs. Austin, the two Miss Cramptons, Miss Kirwan, Miss Grubere, the two Miss Caddels and several others The gentlemen of both choirs assisted, and the gentlemen of the choirs of Armagh, Cashel, and Tuam, also attended ; Ld we must not omit to mention the force Mr. Shar man brought into the orchestra, along with several other gentlemen. The Band consisted of all the professors in this city, and we were happy to see a number of amateurs assisting m the orchestra. Among the violins were Messrs. Neale, O’Reilly, Beatty, Rivers, Ledwith, Dobbs, Wroughton, M‘Laughlin, and several phep, but owing to their being so far back in the orchestra, we could not distinctly make them out. The Rev. Mr. Sandys took the double bass. .The vio- lincellos were lord Delvin, the hon. Mrs. Ponso nby, captain Potiei , * Afterwards sir John A. Stevenson ; he was admitted a pupil of the choir school of this cathedral in 1783, being then about tp years of age • the school at that period was under the management of Shannan, n'^He of the private theatricals in FilhfmbTe strLt-see the first paper of the Present series, where also will be found a notice of Thomas Carter, above referred to. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ^73 Messrs. Ashworth Rhames, Austin, &c. &c. Tenors, Right hon. Hercules Langrishe, Rev, Mr. Wood, Mr. Trench, andMr. Quinrn The duett for flutes was well performed by Mr. Ash, and Mr. Black. _ The hautboys and bassoons had a most excel- lent effect First violin, Mr. Weichsel, second violin, Mr. Fitz- gerald^. Organist, Mr. Coogan ; and conductor. Doctor Doyle. We must here do justice to the last mentioned gentleman, for his very great abilities in conducting this business, and we are well aware what an arduous task he had to get through, which certainly must have been exceedingly laborious and troublesome. The whole of the oratorio went ofl* without the smallest mistake, and four of the cho- church encored. There were near one thousand persons in the ^ A second concert was performed here on the 16th of April, in continuation of this commemoration, the proceeds of which were applied to charitable purposes. On these occasions the ladies laid aside their hats, feathers, and hoops ; their sedan chairs were admitted bj the door of the church in Christ church yard ; and the coaches came through Skinner"s-row 0 the entrance in Christ church lane ; by which the performers also entered. An account has been already given of the performances in honor of this composer, at VVerbu^gh s church in 1787, which, together with the history ot the Dublin musical society, known as the Sons of Handel,^^ have been completely unnoticed by some recent authors, who undertook to write of Handel’s connection with this city, nu regretted, that the dignitaries of Christ Church have made no effort to give to the public the contents or the valuable records in their possession connected with the history of this cathedral. Several thousands of these ancient documents are preserved among the archives of the church, and until they have been printed and rendered aceessible, the true history of the institution must remain comparatively ob- scure Our necessarily compendious notice of Christ church may be appropriately closed by the following observations of a recent writer on the architectural features of the building : r structure appears to have been in the Saxon style, notwithstanding its Danish origin ; or rather to combine a mixture 11 P^^nted Gothic arches together. The transepts still retain much of their original state, and exhibit some beautiful specimens of the zig-zag ornament. It is not, however, pure Saxon, tor the pointed arch, as before observed, is intimately combined with It, not only in the windows of the transepts, but also in two or three beautiful pointed arches, richly ornamented with chevron moulding-s which are still apparent in the lateral aisles that lead to the choir! 1 his circumstance seems to confirm an observation before made— 36 THE lEISII QUAllTEKLY IlEVllAV. that the pointed arch had been invented, and was in use much earlier than some antiquarians are willing to admit. One of the arches, m the north aisle of the choir, leading to St. Mary’s chapel, appears to have given way — probably occasioned by the shock the whole build- ing must have sustained when the roof and south wall of the na>e fell, in the year 1562. The arched window over it, has also suffered by the shock ; for the central pillar is evidently displaced, and has lost its perpendicularity. To prevent the arch at the entrance oi this aisle from falling in, the space has been filled up solid masonry, leaving a smaller arched entrance beneath it, smaller arch a square tablet was introduced with the armorial bear- ings — supporters, motto and cypher of sir Henry Sidney, lord deputy of Ireland, in the year inscribed on the tablet, 15/7. This date ascertains the exact time when this arch was thus repaired. The exterior of the wall of the north transept, in John’s lane, is en- riched by a very beautiful Saxon-arched gate-way or door, highly ornamented by a complex projecting zig-zag, and various other taste- ful mouldings. The caps of the pilasters or shafts which support the arch, are formed, as far as their decayed state enables us to judge, of numerous figures of Angels, fantastically entwined together. At each side of the door, was^ a niche, for holding the stoup in which the holy water w^as contained.^ This door-w’ay has long since been built up, but the mark of it is still very visible on the interior wall. Over the intersection of the nave and transepts, and nearly in the centre of the church, a large square tower-steeple is erected on four immense stone piers. These piers are^ connected together by lofty pointed arches, which reached the oripnal ceiling of the nave, when it was in existence. The present groined ceilings of the transepts appear to be modern. The north side of the nave consists of six lofty and extensive pointed arches of beautiful work- manship. The piers which support them, are richly decorated with eight clustering columns or pilasters. Some of these columns are banded in two divisions, and others are quite plain from the base to the capital. There is a sharpness and spirit in the execution of the foliages that terminate some of the columns, which is admirable, considering the time when they were executed. The canopies over these arches are supported by corbel heads of grotesque expression, and well sculptured. The triforium, or friars’ walk, passes through the wall, over the piers and arches, and looks into the great aisle below, from a row of arched niches of three compartments each. Above these recesses, is a range of clerestory windows, each w indow consisting of three distinct lancet-pointed arches, very narrow, as was customary in the early species of pointed architecture, the cen- tral arch being considerably higher than those at each side. There are six of these treble windows corresponding in number with the arches, over which they are ranged. These windows, together with the blind windows or niches, connected with the Friars w'alks im- mediately under them, are enclosed in a large arch, nearly equal in size to the lower arch which springs out of the piers, and affords them support. The south wall is a plain, unornaniented, heavy structure, remarkable only for the expedition used in rebuilding it. The speed with which this part of the church was rebuilt, THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. tjm is upon record ; for we are informed by a laconic inscription, on the wall, curious for the quaintness of its style and ortho- graphy, that ‘This wal fel down in an 1562. The bilding of this wal was in an 1562.’ The plainness of the wall is, how- ever, in some measure counteracted, and relieved by the monu- ments to which it gives^ support. — The great western window, and the wall in which it is inserted, appear to have been built at the same time with the wall on the south side of the nave. It is indeed highly probable that as they adjoined each other, they had both suffered the same calamity, which we are informed overtook the lat- ter. Large windows were at this period (1562) the prevailing fa- shion, and entirely supplanted the elder fashion of narrow pointed, or lancet arch windows, which are still to be seen in the original parts of the building. This window is a circular arch, much more lofty than the original groined roof appears to have been, when it existed. In a description of the south side of the nave, it becomes necessary to remark, that besides the ancient monument already mentioned, there are several of more modern date. They certainly have nothing Grothic in their character but as it would be impossible correctly, to describe the present state of this cathedral without mentioning them, a brief enumeration of these memorials of departed worth may not be unacceptable to the reader. The first, next the door, is a mural mo- nument to the memory of the late general sir Samuel Achmuty, G. C.B. beautifully executed in white marble, by T. Kirk, esq., R.H.A., 1822*. Monument to the memory of Thomas Prior, esq., the founder of the Royal Dublin Society, with an inscription by bishop Berkley ; sculp, tured by Van Nost— 1767. Monument of lord chanchellor Bowes, also by Van Nost — 1756. Monument of lord chancellor Lifford 1789. The ancient monument of Strongbow, already mentioned • and the monument of Dr. Ellis, bishop of Meath, and his lady! There is also an excellent piece of sculpture, by H. Oheere, to the memory of the earl of Kildare, ancestor to the present duke of Leinster, situated in the chancel of the choir — and these comprise all the monuments of any interest in the cathedral. The nor- thern, or original side of the nave, — whether by the shock it sustained when the opposite side and roof fell ; or through a natural decay of the materials ; or from the sinking of the earth on which its foun- dations are built — evidently leans a considerable degree out of per- pendicular line. Some few years ago, a very strong abutment was built, inclining against the wall of its lateral aisle, in order to give it support ,* and perhaps by means of this artificial aid, the church may be upheld for another century. The soil, or substratum on which It IS founed, is a loose, turbaceous mold, black and soft. It appears to be common turf bog, in a state of progressive decomposi- tion. When the builders of the new houses, on St. Michael’s hill, Wmetavern-street, were digging the foundation for them, this ap! pearance was very palpable,^ and would sufficiently account for any deviation from the centre,^ in this extensive and ancient pile, which the unstable soil still sustains. The great eastern window is circu- larly arched, and seems to have been erected about the same period when that of the nave was rebuilt. Perhaps it might be put up something earlier, as we find in the annals, that the old one was de- THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 37 ^ ■fm stroyed by a violent tempest, which did considerable damage to the church in 1461 . The side windows of the choir are formed of pointed arches, of a dimension considerably larger than the clerestory win- dow in the nave. They are irregular in point of size, compared with each other, and apparently were built two or three centuries later than the former, though from their external appearance, they are evidently in a very inferior style of workmanship. The ex- ternal appearance of the building is heavy and uninteresting. The only beautiful parts about it are the Saxon door, and windows of the transepts before described, and the Gothic shafts which support the external arches of the clerestory windows ; but the old stone work round these windows is so totally decayed, being of a soft, sandy nature, that little idea can be formed of its original appearance. In order to give a more exact idea of the extent of this ancient pile, I subioin the following dimensions:— ° Feet. In. Length of the nave, from the west wall to the door of the choir - - - 126 0 Breadth of nave, including the centre and one side aisle . . - - ^ Breadth of back aisle - -- -- -- -- -- Thickness of the piers 17 n Circumference of each pier with its clustering columns - - - - - ii 0 Span of arches between the piers - - J Height of arches, from the point to the base of the columns, which is tivo feet below the present floor - -- -- -- -- - Length of transept from north to south ------- - 050 Breadth of ditto - -- -- - -los 0 Length of choir, about - -- - -- External length of St. Mary’s chapel - .v, I Total external length of the church, including St. Mary s chapel, and the but- tresses .--- In the reign of Janies I. the deanery house, erected on the site of the episcopal residence built by bishop Donogh, in the eleventh century, was appropriated to the use of the law courts, which, as appears from the Memoranda rolls, were re- moved in 1608 from the ^Miouse called the limes” to the newly constructed buildings near Christ church called the King's courts and we find, from ofiicial documents, that the annual rent paid to the Dean and Chapter of Christ church for the Exchequer chamber, and other rooms within the Eour courts,” amounted to fifteen pounds ten shillings. Towards the close of the same century these buildings having fallen to decay, William Kobinson, surveyor general, was directed in 1695 by lord Capel, then vicero}^ to rebuild the Eour courts of justice,” which was done at an expense of £3,421 7s. 8d., exclusive of ^£250 6s. 6d. for some ornaments and alterations necessary,” the entire of which amount was discharged by a warrant in 1700. In 1744 a considerable sum was expended in rebuilding the Exchequer chamber, and the grand and petty jury rooms, and for enlarg- ing and rebuilding the Chancery chamber, under the si^er- iiitendence of Arthur Jones Neville, surveyor general. JNot- withstanding a further expenditure for repairs m 1755, the THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ^17 m, buildings became so ruinous, and were found so incommodious that lord chancellor Lifford and the chief judges requested Gaudon to furnish design for a new building, and officially recommended the removal of the courts to a more convenient situation. The first stone of the courts on the Inns^-quay was laid in 1786, ten years after which, on their completion, the old courts were totally relinquished. The hall of the old Four courts was crowned by an octangular cupola, and entered by a door leading from the lane known as Hell to the immediate left of this door, on entering the hall, stood the steps leading up to the court of Exchequer ; on its right was the Chancellors court, next to which w^as the court of Com- mon pleas, the King^s bench being placed exactly opposite to the court of Exchequer. The various courts not being en- closed from the hall, the judges were to be seen sitting as in the Scotch courts of justice. The Chancellor, on entering, was always preceded by his mace-bearer and tip-staffs ; the latter, on coming in, were accustomed to call out — High court of Chancery,'' which was repeated by the tip-stafis in tlie other courts, upon which the judges rose, and remained stpding until the Chancellor had taken his seat. The last trials of public importance which took place in these courts were those of Hamilton Eowan, in 1793, for publishing what was styled a false, wicked, malicious, scandalous, and se- ditioip libel, of and concerning the government, state, and constitution of this kingdom and that of the rev. William Jackson, in 1795,^for projecting a French invasion. On Eowan’s trial in the King’s bench, Curran introduced his brilliant commentary on the alleged seditious ])hrase of ‘‘ universal emancipation — “ I speak in the spirit of the British law, which makes liberty commensurate with, and inseparable from British soil ; which pro- claims even to the stranger and the sojourner, the moment he sets his foot upon British earth, that the ground on which he treads is holy, and consecrated by the genius of universal emancipation. No matter in what language his doom may have been pronounced no matter what complexion incompatible with freedom, an Indian or an African sun may have burnt upon him — no matter in what disastrous battle his liberty may have been cloven down — no matter with what solemnities he may have been devoted upon the altar of slavery — the first moment he touches the sacred soil of Britain, the altar and the god sink together in the dust ; his soul walks abroad in her own majesty ; his body swells beyond the measure of his chains that burst from around For a description of this locality, see the paper on Fishamble-street, Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II, p. 4. THK HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 373 him • and he stands redeemed, regenerated and disenthralled, hy the irresistible genius of universal emancipation.” Jackson’s trial commenced in the same court on the 23rd of April, 1795, before lord Clonmel and justices Downes and Chamberlaine ; the jury returned a verdict of guilty at a quarter before four o’clock on the following morning, and on the 30th of the month the prisoner was brought to the bar to receive sentence : — «It is at this stage of the proceedings that the case of Jackson becomes terribly peculiar. Never, perhaps, did a British court of justice exhibit a spectacle of such appalling interest as was witnessed by the King’s bench of Ireland upon the day that this unfortunate gentleman was summoned to hear his fate pronounced. He had a day or two before made some allusions to the subject of suicide. In a conversation with his counsel in the prison, he had observed to them, that his food was always cut in pieces before it was brought to him, the gaoler not venturing to trust him with a knife or This precaution he ridiculed, and observed, ‘ That the man who feared not death, could never w'ant the means of dying, and that as long as his head was within reach of the prison wall, he could pre- vent his body’s being suspended to scare the community.’ At the moment, they regarded this as a mere casual ebullition, and did not give it much attention. On the morning of the 30th of April, as one of these gentlemen was proceeding to court, he met in the streets a person warmly attached to the government of the day. The cir- cumstance is trivial, but it marks the party spirit that prevailed, and the manner in which it was sometimes expressed : ‘ I have,J said he, ‘just seen your client, Jackson, pass by on his way to the King s bench to receive sentence of death. I always said he was a coward, and I find I was not mistaken ; his fears have made him sick— as the coach drove by, I observed him, with his hea^ out of the window, vomiting violently.* The other hurried on to the court, where he found his client supporting himself against the dock. His frame was in a state of violent perturbation, but his mind was still collected. He beckoned to his counsel to approach him, and making an effort to squeeze him with his damp and nerveless hand, uttered in a whisper, and with a smile of mournful triumph, the dying words of "We have deceived the senate.’ The prisoner’s counsel having detected what they conceived to be a legal informality in the proceedings, intended to make a motion m arrest of his judgment ; but it would have been irregular to do so until the counsel for the crown, who had not yet appeared, should first pray the judgment of the court upon him. During this inter- val, the violence of the prisoner’s indisposition momentarily increas- ed, and the chief justice, lord Clonmel, was speaking of remanding him, when the attorney-general came in, mid called upon the court to pronounce judgment upon him. Accordingly, ‘ The Kev. William Jackson was set forward,’ and presented a spectacle equally shocking and affecting. His body was in a state of profuse perspiration ; when his hat was removed, a dense steam was seen to ascend from THE STllEETS OF DUBLIN. his head and temples ; minute and irregular movements of convul- sion were passing to and fro upon his countenance ; his eyes were nearly closed, and, when at intervals they opened, discovered by the glare of death upon them, that the hour of dissolution was at hand. When called on to stand up before the court, he collected the rem- nant of his force to hold himself erect 5 but the attempt was totter- ing and imperfect : he stood rocking from side to side, with his arms in the attitude of firmness crossed over his breast, and his countenance strained by a last proud effort into an expression of elaborate composure. In this condition he faced all the anger of the offended law, and the more confounding gazes of the assembled crowd. The clerk of the crown now ordered him to hold up his right hand. The dying man disentangled it from the other, and held it up, but it instantly dropped again. -Such was his state, when, in the solemn simplicity of the language of the law, he was asked, ‘What he had now to say, why judgment of death and execution thereon should not be awarded against him according to law ?’ Upon this Mr. Curran rose, and addressed some arguments to the court in arrest of judgment. A legal discussion of considerable length en- sued. The condition of Mr. Jackson w^as all this while becoming worse. Mr. Curran proposed that he should be remanded, as he was in a state of body that rendered any communication between him and his counsel impracticable ; lord Clonmel thought it lenity to the prisoner to dispose of the question as speedily as possible. The windows of the court were thrown open to relieve him, and the discussion was renewed ; but the fatal group of death-tokens were now collecting fast around him ; he was evidently in the final agony. At length, while Mr. Ponsonby, who followed Mr. Curran, was urging further reasons for arresting the judgment, their client sank in the dock. The conclusion of this scene is given, as follows, in the reported trial : — ^ ^ ^ Lord Clonmel ‘ If the prisoner is in a state of insensibility, it is impossible that I can pronounce the judgment of the court upon him.’ Mr. Thomas Kinsley, who was in the jury box, said he would go down to him : he accordingly went into the dock, and in a short time informed the court the prisoner was certainly dying. By order of the court Mr. Kinsley was sworn. Lord Clonmel. — ‘ Are you in any profession ?’ Mr. Kinsley ‘ I am an apothecary.’ Lord Clonmel ‘ Can you speak with certainty of the state of the prisoner ?’ Mr. Kinsley ‘ I can ; I think him verging to eternity.’ Lord Clonmel. — ‘Do you think him capable of hearing his judg- ment?’ Mr. Kinsley. — ‘ I do not think he can.’ Lord Clonmel. — ‘ Then he must be taken away : take care that in sending him away no mischief be done. Let him be remanded until further orders ; and I believe it is as much for his advantage as for all of yours to adjourn.’ “ The sheriff informed the court the prisoner was dead. “ T^ord Clonmel ‘ Let an inquisition, and a respectable one, be TJ[E IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 3S^ held on the body. You should carefully inquire bv what means he died.’ The court then adjourned, and the body of the deceased re- mained in the dock,* unmoved from the position in which he had expired, until the following day, when an inquest was held. A large quantity of metallic poison was found in his stomach. The preced- ing day, a little before he was brought up to court, the gaoler, hav- ing visited his room, found him with his wife, much agitated, and vomiting violently; he had just taken, he said, some tea, which dis- agreed with him : so that there remained no doubt that the unfortu- nate prisoner, to save himself and his family the shame of an igno- minious execution, had anticipated the punishment of the law's by taking poison. The following sentences, in his own handwriting, were found in his pocket. ‘ Turn thee unto me, and have mercy upon me, for I am desolate and afflicted.’ ‘ The troubles of my heart are enlarged ; oh, bring thou me out of my distresses.’ ^ Look upon my affliction and my pain, and forgive me all my sins.* * Oh ! keep my soul and deliver me. Let me not be ashamed, for I put my trust in thee.’ Independent of this awful scene, the trial of Jackson was a memorable event. It was the first trial for high treason which had occurred in that court for upwards of a century. As a matter of legal and of constitutional interest, it established a precedent of th6 most vital (Englishmen would say, of the most fatal) importance to a community having any pretensions to freedom. Against the autho- rity of Coke, and the reasoning of Blackstone, and against the posi- tive reprobation of the principle by the English legislature, it was solemnly decided in Jackson’s case, that in Ireland one witness was sufficient to convict a prisoner upon a charge of high treason — ^ That the breath which cannot even taint the character of a man in England, shall in Ireland blow him from the earth.’ This deci- sion has ever since been recognised and acted upon, to the admira- tion of that class of politicians (and they have abounded in Ireland) who contend, that in every malady of the state, blood should be plentifully drawn and to the honest indignation of men of equal capacity and integrity, who consider that, without reason or necessity, it established an odious distinction, involving in it a disdain of what Englishmen boast as a precious privilege, alluring accusations upon the subject, and conferring security and omnipo- tence upon the informer.” With reference to the Dublin law courts, a Drench writer in 1797 observes: Le nouveau batiment que Don appelle les Quatre cours de justice, donne le plaisir a Themis de se voir logee dans un endroit decent, ce qui dans tons les pays de FEurope est assez rare. Son ancienne residence etait vraiment quelque chose d^effrayant, taut par ses suppots, que par Fair lugubre et sombre de Fantre dans lequel ils se tenaient.'’^ * It was said that when lord Clonmel was retiring from the bench to his chamber, the sheriff inquired liow he should act with regard to the dead body, his lordship, without pausing in his progress, replied, “Act, sir, as is usual iti such cases.'* TMIE Ii=GIUlE BTUBJLEM THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. 2>SI ■mi Christ church was closely hemmed in on all sides : on the north it was bounded by John^s-lane, on the east stood the four courts^ the eutrance to which from Christ church-lane was through a partly arched and gloomy passage, about nine feet in breadth, styled Hell/^ which also led to an open space about ninety-eight feet long by fifty wide, before the south front of the church, and thence by a narrow passage into Pishamble-street. This locality, on the immediate south of the cathedral, appears to have been originally bestowed on the institution in the eleventh century by Gilla Cornuda, styled "the wealthy/' it subsequently became known as "Christ church-yard," and was one of the localities in which the cere- mony of proclaiming war or peace was officially performed. Its occupants in the seventeenth century were traders of various classes, some of whose copper tokens are still extant, and in the succeeding century, among its residents were William Neale, an eminent music-publisher ; and, for a time, George Taulkner, the afterwards celebrated printer. Here also was a much frequente d tavern called the "Cross-keys," kept in Anne’s reign by Thomas "Kyan, an old soldier who had served through the wars of the Revolution ; the " Charitable musical society" originated from the meetings held in this tavern by a number of amateurs in the early part of the eighteenth century, as chronicled by a rhyming member of the fraternity : — “ When London porter was not known in town, And Irish ale or beer went glibly down, When wine was twelve or thirteen pence per quart, In, or without doors, to revive the heart. With grapes in clusters drawn on every post. Whose juice we purchased at a mod’rate cost. And did ourselves alternately regale Sometimes with wine and good October ale. ’Twas in those happy. Halcyon, merry days. That old Tom Ryan liv’d at the Cross Keys. * * * * * * Each Sunday night we got from that old troopei-. Good barn-door fowl, with saUad for our supper. Or some fine ribs of roasted tender beef. Which to young stomachs was a great relief. With some good eleemosinary cheese. And then a pinch of snuff that made us sneeze. At other times — if I be not mistaken — He treated us with turkey, sprouts and bacon. ***** Thus far went Tom, until the clock struck one. Then ’twas agreed that we should all be gone. As we came out, the waiters were not slack, — We had an hundred ‘ kindly welcomes’ at our back.” During its latter years Christ churchyard was occupied almost entirely by trunkmakers and toy manufacturers. Con- tiguous to Christ churchyard, and leading thence to "Wine- THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. ^ 8 ^ ■&W tavern-street/^ stood a passage about twelve feet in width named ^'Christ church-lane/' Here in the reign of James IL, Christopher Jans or I’ans, published various controversial works favor of the Eoman Catholic religion ; the corner house opposite the Tholsel, was subsequently occupied by Henry Saunders, bookseller, and, for a time, publisher of the Dublin newspaper which still bears his name, and of which some account has been given in our paper on Dame-street. The opposite corner of this lane in High-street, from its proximity to the law courts and other public offices, was constantly crowded with loungers of various classes, whence it became generally known as “Idler's corner." The author of a “ Dissertation on fashions," published at Dublin in 1740, speaking of the petits mffitres of that day, tells us that — “ Some like postilions, cap a pie, At Idler’s corner spend the day, In riding-order, full of pride. As if they’re just going to ride, They wear their hoots for weeks together. With caps of velvet or of leather. They walk on Change, or go to plays. Can drive a hackney coach or chaise ; Like Phcetons upon the Strand, Till stew or tavern makes them stand. Where they must stay to sup or dine. And overset themselves with wine.” ill Christ church-lane were the “Dountaiii tavern" (1730), kept by Laughlin Mac Kege ; the “London Coffeehouse" (1741); “Joes Coffee house" (1762); kept by Arthur Clarke; and the “Dour Courts Coffee house" (1783). In “ Winetavern- street," called in old documents “ Vicus tabernariorum vini," stood at a very early period the Tho lsel or Guildhall of the city which was removed thence about the year 1310, as from the maiiuscriiit charter book of the corpo- ration of Dublin we find that on the 1st of July, in the fourth year of Edward II., the provost and commonalty of Dublin granted to Robert de Bristol the entire of their hold- ing where the old Guildhal (vetus Gwyalda) used to stand in the street of the taverners, said holding lying in breadth between the tenement formerly occupied by Vincent Taverner on the north, and the stone house of Radulf de Milleley. With reference to the name of the street, it may be observed that a writer of the twelfth century notices the great quantities of wine which at that period were imported into Ireland ; prince John in his charter to the city of Dublin reserved to himself a riglit, that “ out of each ship that should happen to come, his officer miglit choose two hogsheads of wine tor his THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. JSJ use for 40^., that is to say, for 20 then they have a number of young ydle huswives, that are both verie loathsome, filthie and abhominable, both in life and manners, and these^ey caTl~t^verne keepers, the most of them knowne harlots ; these doe take in both ale and beere by the barrell from those that do brue, and they sell it forthe againe hy the potte, after twoe pence for a wine quart. And this (as I take it) is a principall cause for the tolleration of many enormities ; for the gaine that is gotten by it must needes be great, when they buy mault in Dublin, at haulfe the price that it is sold for at London, and they sell their drinke in Dublyn, at double the rate that they doe in London : and this commoditie the aldermens wives and the rest of the women brewers do find so sweet, that maister mayor and his brethren are the willinger to winke at, and to tolerate with those multitude of ale-houses, that themselves do even knowe to be the very nurseries of drunkennesse, of all manner of idlenesse, or whordome, and many other vile abominations. I have hitherto spoken but of ale-houses, that are almost as many in number as there be dwelling houses in the towne. There be likewise some three or foure that have set uppe brew-houses for beere, whereof they are accustomed to making two sorts ; that is to say : strong beere, and ordinarie : their ordinarie beere they do use to serve to the Englishe, that are there inhabiting in Dublyn, that doeth keepe servantes and families, and this beere they do prize at sixe shillings the barrell, which, according to their measure, amounteth to xlviij.s. the tunne, and in London their iiij.s. beere, that is solde after the rate of xxxxiiij.s. the tunne, is better beere by oddes. Their strong beere is commonly vented by these ale-house queanes, taverne keepers, (as they call them) and this they do take at xij.s. the Dubline barrell, and that is iust after the rate of xvjs, a London barrell, which amounteth to iiij.l.xvj s. the tunne, shameful for the magistrates of the towne to sufer, considering the cheapnesse of mault. Here is now to bee considered, that there is almost never a householder in Dublin (whatsoever trade he otherwise useth) but hee have a blinde corner in his house reserved for a taverne, and this (if hee have not a wife of his owne to keepe it) shall be set out to one of these women taverne keepers, shee taketh in drinke both beere and ale, after the rate of xij.s. the Dublin barrell, she payeth moreover to the party of whom she hireth her taverne, vj.sh. out of every barrell that she uttereth : if she doth not get xj.sh. more for her selfe, she will never be able to keepe herself honest, so that here is xxiiij.s. made out of every barrell of beere, which commeth just to ix.li.xii.s. a tunne. How shameful a thing to be suffered in a wel governed citty, let wise men iudge, for with those that be called honest, I will not meddle. I have been so long amongst these filthy ale houses, that my head beginnes to grow idle, and it is no wonder, for the very remembrance of that hogges wash which they use to sell for ij.d. the wine quart, is able to distemper any man’s braines, and as it is neither good nor THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. wholesome, so it is unfit for any mans drinking, but for common drunkards ; but I wil here leave my women tav erne keepers to maister maior of the Bull ringe* to looke unto.” The taverns, however, continued to increase in the city, and in the reign of Charles II. there were 1180 ale-houses and ninety-one public brew-houses in Dublin, when its entire population was estimated at four thousand families. At the northern end of Winetavern-street a gate styled the “ Winetavern gate^^ was erected by the citizens in 1316, w^hen Edward Bruce was approaching Dublin ; subsequent to that period but few notices of the locality occur until the year 1597, when the occurrence recorded as follows by the native annalists, took place : — ‘‘ One hundred and forty-four barrels of powder were sent by the queen to the town of the ford of hurdles (Dublin) to her people, in the month of March. When the powder was landed, it was drawn to Wine-street (co rpNib At) rioi)A), and placed on both, sides of the street, and a spark of fire got into the powder ; but from whence that spark proceeded, whether from the heavens or from the earth beneath, is not known ; howbeit, the barrels burst into one blazing flame and rapid conflagration (on the 13th of March), which raised into the air, from their solid founda- tions and supporting posts, the stone mansions and wooden houses of the street, so that the long beam, the enormous stone, and the man in his corporal shape, were sent whirling into the air over the town by the explosion of this powerful powder ; and it is impossible to enumerate, reckon, or describe the number of honourable persons, of tradesmen of every class, of women and maidens, and of the sons of gentlemen, who had come from all parts of Erin to be edu- cated in the city, that were destroyed. The quantity of gold, silver, or worldly property, that was destroyed, was no cause of lamentation, compared to the number of people who were injured and killed by that explosion. It was not Wine-street alone that was destroyed on this occasion, but the next quarter of the town to it.” Among the patent rolls of James I. we find a grant in 1610 to lady Delvin of a house called the '^Erancke house/' in Wine-tavern- street, near Christ church, to the north, with all tlie cellars, back-sides, &c., parcel of the estate of the late hospital of Si. John of Jerusalem; rent 7s. 6d. ; and in this street, in the same century, appears to have been the residence of the family of Dillon, viscounts of Costello Gallon. At a place in Wine-tavern street called the “ Magazine/' a society of Dis- senters, formed by the rev. Edward Baynes, used to hold their meetings in the reign of Charles II. This congregation, which * For an account of this officer, see the historic notices of the mayors of Dublin, Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II. 300. TllK IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. removed to Gook-street in 1673, comprehended many persons of rank and fortune, among whom was sir John Clot worthy, afterwards lord Massereene, lady Chichester, afterwards countess of Donegal, and lady Cole, of the Enniskillen family. The office of the prothonotary of the Common pleas was kept in Winetavern street, its removal from which was re- commended by the lords committee in 1739, who reported that an old cage-work house, then an ale house, joined it on one side, and the beams of the house on the other were lodged in the walls of the office. At the back, there was a yard of about ten feet square, entirely surrounded wdth houses ; in any of which, or in the office itself, if a fire should break out, it would have been scarce possible to use any proper means to preserve either houses or records.'’*’ On the east side of Winetavern- street, nearly opposite to Cook -street, stood a large house elegantly built, and bearing on the front an escutcheon containing a coat of arms, on one side of which, on a tablet, w'ere inserted the letters E. M. ; another tablet on the opposite side containing the date 1641. This house, wffiich, towards the close of the seventeenth century was known as the ‘"Pyed horse,^’ is described in 1703 as ^^a brick house strong and well contrived, having of the first floor a kitchen and another room, on the second two rooms, and on the third twm rooms, being a well frequented inn, the sign of the Pied horse ; two back houses, two stories and a half high, strong and in good repair, with stables, coach-house, &c.; 30 feet 6 inches in front, 61 feet in rere, and 165 feet in depth — yearly value £100.^^ In the year 1760 the front of this house w^as rebuilt, and its rere, called ^‘Pyed horse yard,'^or “ BrassiFs court,^^ was converted into a tennis court, kept by one Hoey, and frequented by some of the most nefarious characters in the city, who used to resort there to play at ball on Sundays. This establishment, the name of wffiich was subsequently corrupted from “ Pyed horse yard” to White horse yard,^^ has been recently occupied by the paving department of the Dublin corporation. A new^spaper called the Plying post,*’^ w'as published in 1706 by Francis Dickson at the ^‘^Pour courts’ cofiee house in Winetavern-street and we also And here the Bear tavern” (1725); and the Black Lyon” (1735), at which a Masomc^b^^ assembled on every Wed- nesday. One of KoBeri EmmePs depots was located in Wine- tavern-street, the appearance of which has been completely changed by the removal in the present century of the entire THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. m of the western side of the street, together with the other alter- ations in its southern extremity, noticed hereafter. Skinners^ -row, styled in old documents “ Yicus pellipa- riorum^^ or the street of the curriers, was, as its name denotes, the locality chiefly inhabited at an early period by those citi- zens who traded in hides and leather, large quantities of which were shipped from Dublin to the Continent previous to the Anglo-Norman descent, and the exportation of those articles continued for many centuries to form one of the staple branches of Irish commerce. The annalists record that in 1284, Skinners’-row was burnt by certain Scotch- men, in retaliation for some injuries inflicted upon them by the citizens; and among the deeds of the priory of All-hallows is preserved a lease made in the year 1355 of a house with all its appurtenances in vico pelliparii,” at the annual rent of fourteen shillings. Skinners’-row originally extended from the Pillory, at the juncti on of Eishamble-street and Werburgh-s treet, to the Tliolsel or city hall at the corner of Nicholas-street. The latter building appears to have been erected early in the reign of Edward II., as from the MS. charter book of the Corpo- ration of Dublin we find that in 1311 Thomas de Co ventre granted to Eobert Burnel six shops with their appendages, under the new Tholsel in the high street, which shops lie in breadth between the said Tholsel on the eastern side and the high way on the western side ; and extend in length from the aforesaid Tholsel in the front to the cemetery of Saint Nicholas in the rere. A writer in the sixteenth century describes the Tholsel as built of cut stone, and from the following entry in old Anglo-Irish annalist, it would appear that the judges occasionally sat there at an early period : A.D. 1328, David O'Tothill, a stout marauder, an enemy to the King, a burner of churches, and a destroyer of the people, was led from the castle of Dublin to the Tholsel of the city before Nicholas Eastoll and Elias Ashbourne, justices of the King’s bench, who there gave sentence that he should be drawn at the tails of horses through the middle of the city as far as the gallows, and afterwards hung upon a gibbet, which was performed accordingly In ancient records the Tholsel is variously styled “ Theolo- nium,^^ Tolcetum,’^ or Le Tholsey f and among the patent rolls of Eichard II. we find a grant to Gerard Van Eaes of the office of keeper of the Tholsel, or V THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 3S& gaoler to the king, in the city of Dublin ; granting him also both the upper and lower gaol in the aforesaid Thol- sel. The meetings of the citizens were held generally in the Tholsel, at which a public clock was set up in 1500, and we are told that “ In Easter holidays, 1590, Adam Loftus, lord archbishop of Dublin, and lord. chancellor of Ireland, with others of the clergy, met the mayor ’^and aldermen, and commons of the city, at the Tholsel, where he made a speech to them ; setting forth, how ad- vantageous it would be to have a nursery of learning founded here ; and how kindly her majesty would take it, if they would bestow that old decayed monastery of All-hallows (which her father, King Henry the eighth had, at the dissolution of the abbeys, given them) for the erecting such a structure; whereupon the mayor, aldermen, and commons, unanimously granted his request. Within a week after, Henry Usher, archdeacon of Dublin, went over into England to the queen, to procure a licence for the said foundation ; which being obtained, the archbishop went a second time to the Tholsel, and re- turned them thanks, not only from the clergy, but also from her majesty, whose letter he shewed them for their satisfaction.” At their midsummer assembly inl611, the Corporation de- termined that £100 paid by John Fagan, of Feltrim, to ob- tain his discharge from the office of sheriff, should be allocated for the “ making of a substantial platform, covered with lead, over the Tholsel, which, adds the record, is to be done forth- with, in respect the roof and walls thereof are much ruinated and decayed.” In the succeeding year, 1612, when the dis- putes ran high between the Roman Catholic or Recusant” party of the citizens and the Protestants and English colonists, a writ was directed to the mayor, sir James Carrol, and to the sheriffs, for the election of members for the city ; the mayor being absent from town, the sheriffs, with certain aldermen and citizens, repaired to the Tholsel, and there elected Francis Taylor and Thomas Allen, two eminent Roman Catholic aider- men, to represent the city in parliament : — ‘‘But this election was judged to be done by an indirect course, and, therefore, the mayor intended the next morning to make another election in his own presence, wherein the voices of the citizens and town dwellers, as well English as Irish, should be allowed : so there assembled to the Tholsel the next morning all the whole city, as well English as Irish. But those of the recusant faction would not suffer any Englishman, or any other to speak, but such as they knew to be recusants ; whereupon was raised in the Tholsel a great tumult and mutiny, and the people recusants being the greatest number, quickly thrust all the Englishmen with violence out of the door. And there THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 3S9 ■577 was one Nicholas Stephens, a merchant of the city, that would have rung the alarum wdth the Tholsel bell, if he could have found the key ; and others offered to lay hands upon the king’s sword, that was before the mayor ; but the mayor in this hurly burly took the sword in his own hand, and went unto the lord deputy to complain : and so there was no other election made that day. Now the lord deputy gave a most heavy check to the two sheriffs of the city, for chusing the burgesses before the mayor came home ; also he committed the said Nicholas Stephens to the castle of Dublin.” Sir James Carroll, here referred to, was of the old tribe of Ui Cearhhuill, lords of Ely O’Carroll in Tipperary. He held the office of mayor of Dublin in 1612, 1617, and 1634; on the 28th of November in the latter year he presented the viscount Wentworth with the following documents which are now published for the first time : — ** Proposicions concerning the keeping of the streetes of the cittie of Dublin cleane, and for ordering and settling of the multitude of beggers in and neere the cittie, and for reforming and correcting sundry other sorts of disordered persons, humbly presented by sr James Carroll, knight, maior of the said citty, to the right noble the lo deputie, vizt : Concerning the keeping of the streetes cleane. “ The office of scavenger and raker of the said cittie wthin the walles was granted to one Katherin Strong in her widowhood about 10 or 15 yeares since, who is now wife to one Thomas White, merchant, but yet she holdeth the place in her owne possession, not suffering her husband to meddle with it or partake of the benefit, and the graunt is but during her good behaviour, and on condicion to keepe the streetes cleane. Now it is obiected against her that her graunt is voide in lawe, for it could not be graunted but by the graunde counsell and assembly of the cittie, and it was graunted only by the maior and aldermen who had no power to do it. That though her graunt was void in lawe, yet she hath been permitted to enioye the same this 10 or 14 yeares wth the profitte thereof, and hath made contynual for- feiture thereof by breaking the condicion of her graunt, for the streetes in most parts have been contynually fowle and never kept cleane by her, insomuch as there are divers partes of the citty where she never came at to cleanse them, som not in a yeare, half a yeare, or three months together, and resppectes not any but where yor Ip of state go to church, or the maior doth usually go. She had but onely the toll of the market graunted to her, and yet she doth con- tynually extort on pore people coming to the market with butter, egges, cheese, wol, fish, chickens, rotes, cabbadges, and almost all thinges that come to the market from whom she takes what she pleaseth, and deposeth the country people ordinarily on a boke that she carrieth about her to assure them of sellers for the goods wch they bring, that she may get the greater toll and custome from them. Shee is so much affected to profitt as she will never find sufficient cariag to 37 THE IKISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. take away the Jung, for when six cartes are few enough to take away the dung of the cittie every weeke to keepe it cleane, she did and will maintaine but two, wch can scarce kepe the way from the castle to the church cleane, or that from the maior’s house to the church, neglecting all the rest of the cittie, wch she cleanes but sparingly and very seldom ; neither hath she any way amended since your lordship gave the last charge to her on Tuesday the xith dale of this instant, November, at the counsel table, nor made her answer to my charge on Tuesday last, as yr Ip appointed the attur- ney to cause her to do who then pleaded for her, the fouleness of the streetes has beene and still is so offensive to the state, and to all manner of people, and to the cittizens aforesaid, as the citty hath used all their powers and meanes either to reforme her or avoyd her graunt, but could never yet prevail against her, for they have caused many indictments to be found against her in the king’s bench, where they yet remain, and a great number now' in the Tholsell, wch were removed into the kinge’s bench by certiorari, and there lye dormant ; and in that and all other courses that they have taken against her they have bene so crossed by her working as they could work no good against her ; so that the more that she w'as fol- lowed the worse she grew, and kept the streetes the fowler ; and there- fore if your lordship do not act upon your power for the ayd of the cittie, they are hopeless to reforme her, or content your lordship and the state in keeping the cittie cleane, who will otherwise under- take to kepe it as cleane as any cittie in England, if they may have hut the benefit of the law to remove her, till when the maior and cittizens do humbly pray to be excused for the foulness of the streetes, and that the guilty therein may only suffer.” How to reform the beggers and other disordered persons in the cittie of Dublin and the Liberties of St. Patrick, and other partes adjoyning or neere the cittie, vizt. : Albeit your lordship and the state have been honourably pleased by a public act of state in print to laie down orders for the reforming of the beggers in generall, and reducing them to a certainetie, and to confine them to the general parishes, where they were born, and imposed the execucion thereof to the officers of the cittie, who have never yet performed the same, neither can it be expected from them, the charg thereof being alwaies comitted to the trust of the constables, wardens of the cittie gates, and beadles of the poore, w'ho neither cann nor will discharge that trust, for such of the constables (which are but few) as would do it faithfully, for want of strength are often repulsed and beaten away by the offenders, others of them are negligent and careless, and the rest make it a matter of con- science to meddle with the poore, and will rather relieve and succor them than to apprehend or punish them ; and there are generallie but pore tradesmen that will seldom spare any time from their trades to do that service ; and the wardens are of the same condicions ; and as for the beadles of the beggers they are so pore as to take re- wards of the beggers not to beate them, some of them being male- factors themselves, as I have found by experience, and have made to be reformed. In reformacion whereof it is expedient that some THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. particular order be taken that a generall search be made for finding out of all cotts builded by beggers and other malefactors in the cittie commons and in the liberties of St. Patrick, and other partes adjoining, where many such persons are harbored, that they may be presently pulled downe, and the persons reformed according to the act of state, for if there be not a generall reformacion as well of those liberties and partes adjoining as of the cittie, the labour of purging the cittie alone will be lost, while it is subject to the un- doubted infecion of the rest adjoining ; and the beggers, hucksters, or forestallers of the market, and beggerly drink sellers, with their pore and bastardly children, will so abound and encrease as they will far exceede the number of contry beggers that daily frequent the cittie, and go far beyond the abilitie of the cittie to maintaine them, and prove very dangerous for breeding and encreasing of sicknesses and diseases, and of much thefts and murders in and about the cittie if by a strong hand they be not suddenly suppressed. The best and most conve- nient manner to provide for these inconveniences, as I conceive, is to presently establish a Marshall, with ten able and well qualified men armed, that may be authorized to put the former proposicion in execucion in all places within the cittie, and three miles from the cittie every waie, to be commanded by the maior and to yield to him accompt of their proceedinge, and to the state, when they shall be required, with such others directions as shall be given them upon settling of that office, and may have powre to command the assis- tance of any of the inhabitants where they shall have occasion upon the service ; and they must be such men as must make this work theire whole emploiement, that they may at all times attend to it. And to encorag and enable them to attend this service it is fitt that they be allowed competent monies to maintaine them, whiche the cittie is not well able to take upon them in regard of many other charges dailie coming upon them ; and therefore it is humbly de- sired that your lordsffip will be pleased to give allowance of a sol- dier’s pay out of a company, or so manie soldiers out of severall companies as may serve in that charge, and the cittie may be drawn to add somewhat more to their enterteignement for their better con- tent. And this being once well established, it is not to be doubted that it will work a great reformacion of the said inconveniences, and many others that are herein omitted, w’hich is humbly left to yor honble grave consideracion.” On the commencement of the disturbances of 1641, the Puritanic lords justices, desirous of proroguing parliament, objected to its meeting within the castle of Dublin ; the two houses, however, having assembled, Patrick Darcy, an emi- nent Roman Catholic lawyer, and an active member of the commons, gave his opinion that either the Pour courts, or St. Patrick's church, was a proper place for meeting ; but the convocation room in the latter, he conceived to be a better place; and Mr. Nicholas Plunkett said, that as the lords THE IRISH UEARTERLY REVIEW. '6S0, I justices did not think fit to continue parliament, that he wished the lords would appoint a proper place.^^ On the 11th of the following January, the parliament assembled at the Tholsel, where it continued to meet till 1648. Their committees met there occasionally during the reign of Charles II. ; but the building having fallen to decay, a new Tholsel, of which we have the followinss: description, was erected by the city in 1683 “ The Tholsel was situated on the south side of Sldnner’s-row, presenting its principal front to that street, and another to St. Nicholas-street, which are both narrow and inconvenient ; to the eastward it joined the adjacent houses ; while on the south, a yard only a few feet in breadth formed a partial separation between it and the church of St. Nicholas : the form is nearly a square, being 62 feet in front, by 68 in depth, two stories high, built of hewn stone, and supported on arches to the north and west, which were not des- titute of elegance : in the centre of the principal front two massive columns of the Tuscan order supported a vestibule of a very robust appearance, but in a style bold and singular ; over this vestibule, which was decorated with the city arms, was a window with niches o n either side, in which stood the statu es of Charles II., in whose reign this pile was erected, and cAPFisTroth^ James, duke of York, afterwards the Tiigoted and unfortunate James 11.; and over these the royal arms, supporte^by scrolls, form^ a land of angular pedi- ment: the statues, which are in the costume of the day, in robes and great periwigs, stand at present in the side aisle of Christ church ; they are in good preservation, and, together with the other ornaments of this building, have been considered by some as in a masterly style. A spacious open hall, decorated with four massive columns similar to those of the vestibule, and supporting the floor of the upper story, comprehended the entire of the ground floor, with the exception *^of the space occupied by the stair-case ; and its south-eastern angle, which was appropriated to the Recorder’s court : in this court delinquents were tried in the presence of the lord mayor even for capital offences, murder and treason excepted ; and here, by the civil bill act, all debts where the sum litigated did not exceed £20, were determinable in a summary way, and at a trifling expence. On the upper floor, and in apartments appropriated to the purpose, the lord mayor, aldermen, commons and sheriffs used to meet to transact city business ; and the spa^ous room, above sixty feet in length, which occupied the western front might be con- sidered as the Guildhall of Dublin, as here the merchants used to assemble before the erection of the Royal Exchange on Cork- hill.”* The Exchange of Dublin, as noticed in a former paper, was originally located in Cork house, wdience in 1683 it was * For an account of the oi'igin and erection of the Royal Exchange on Cork hill, see the Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. TI. p. 337. THE STKEETS OF DUBLIN. sh transferred to the Thoisel, where, after tlie year 1730, the great bell was rung daily for seven minutes before twelve, at which time the Exchange began, and business continued until about five minutes before two, when the porter rang a small bell, which was the signal for closing the gates. I asked,^^ says a traveller in 1697, “whether there was not some eminence in the city, from whence I might survey it, and was told that from the top of the Tholsel the whole city might be seen. So we went to the Tholsel, where we ascend- ed about half a score stairs from tlie street, which brought us into a spacious room, supported by great pillars, and flagged (as they term it here) with free-stone, with open balustrades on each side towards the street ; its figure is rather an oblong than a square. This is the place they call 'the Change,' where the merchants meet every day, as in the Eoyal Ex- change in London. In a corner at the south-east part, is a court of judicature, where they keep their public sessions for the city. Having viewed the lower part, we went up a large pair of stairs into a public room, which had a large balcony looking into Skinner-row; and from this balcony I spoke with my friend Mr. George Larkin, who was then at Mr. Eay’s printing house, over against it. — I went up with my friends to the Tholsel, and there had a view of the whole city." The largest and richest apartment in the building was that on the east side, in which the city feasts were usually held. Of a banquet given here in November, 1691, to general Ginkle, we have the following contemporary notice : — Upon Wednesday last the city made a great entertainment at the Tholsel to his excellency the general ; which the right honour- able the lords justices honoured with their presence, to which also the nobility and great officers of the army were invited, which con- cluded with a ball and most excellent fire-works. In the room where the general was entertained the ensueing chronicon w'as deci- phered in gold I and silver characters upon a tablet, adorned with wreaths of laurel, the numerical letters whereof make up 1691, a yeare which the general, by his great courage and conduct, has made so memorable and fortunate to this kingdom. Chronicon ; Fort V nat V s olnkLe Ter. ‘I o! VI V at stren V V s h I bern I ae D ebe L L ator Tr I V M phet. Res magiia est, quod per te, sit devictus Hihernus, 8i nunc evcrtas Lilia, Major erit. D D C R. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 3 ^^ Another of the city entertainments in 1703 is described as follows : — The lord mayor, sheriffs, commons and citizens, of Dublin, having in their late assembly resolved to entertain his grace the duke of Ormond in the most respectful and distinguishing manner, in regard as well to his person and character of lord lieutenant of this kingdom, as to the many signal favours this city has received from his grace’s ancestors ; accordingly, on the 12th of August, the several corporations, or city companies, marched from their respec- tive halls to Oxmantown-green, well armed and equipped, where they paraded, and from thence they went in good order through the city to St. Stephen’s-green, being led by the sheriffs on horseback : each company had several pageants representing their trades. The lord mayor, recorder, and aldermen, were seated in their scarlet gowns at the Tholsell, where the officers of each company saluted the lord mayor as they proceeded, and in like manner paid their respects^ to his grace, who did the city the honour to view the several companies, from the earl of Abercorne’s house in York-street, where he was attended by the lord chancellor, and several of the nobility and gentry. The twenty-four corporations having taken their stations in St. Stephen’s-green, were followed thither by the lord mayor, recorder, and aldermen, in their formalities, being attended with a company of city granadiers : about one of the clock my lord lieu- tenant went to the green, and at his entrance was received by the sheriffs uncovered, on horseback, who rode on each side of his coach, and conducted his grace to the guild of merchants, where he alighted, and was received by the lord mayor, recorder, and aider- men. His grace received each company, the whole body being drawn up in two lines, and afterwards retired into the lord mayor’s tent, where he was entertained for an hour, during which time each com- pany fired thrice, and from thence returned to the castle. About three of the clock the sheriffs conducted his grace to the Tholsell, where he was received by the lord mayor, recorder, and aldermen ; the lord mayor surrendered the sword to his grace, which he was pleased to return to his lordship, who carried the same before him through a guard of militia granadiers to the apartment appointed for his grace’s reception, the stewards, viz. alderman John Eccies, alderman James Barlow, Mr. Thomas Bolton, Mr. Henry Glegg, Mr. Thomas Kilpatrick, and Mr. Luke Bourne, with their staves, walking before them ; the kettle-drums beating, and the trumpets sounding. Her grace the dutchess of Ormond soon after came to the Tholsell, attended by the lady mayoress, and several ladies of quality, and the aldermen’s wives, where she was received by the lord mayor. Several tables were plentifully covered in the state room, and in the guildhall ; my lord lieutenant and dutchess were conduct- ed to the former, being attended by the lord primate, lord chan- cellor, and most of the nobility, ladies of quality, judges, officers and gentry then in town. The entertainment was splendid, and in great order. The duke was served at table by the sheriffs, her grace by the lord mavor’s son, and the rest of the company by members of the THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. common council. While the dinner lasted their graces were enter • tained with vocal and instrumental music. Dinner concluded with her majesty’s health, at which their graces and all the company stood up ; his royal highness’s health was also drank, the drums beating and trumpets sounding at both. Their graces retired afterwards to their several apartments, till all things were prepared for a ball, which was begun about eight of the clock, by lady Mary Butler and the earl of Abercorne, and ended in a very handsome banquet of sweetmeats. Their graces were pleased to express their great satis- faction for the whole day’s solemnity, which was attended with all possible demonstrations of this city’s duty and loyalty to her majes- ty, in the highest respect for his grace’s person and government.” The arms of the duke of Ormond, which were placed on tlie Tholsel, were taken down by the city in 1716, after his expatriation ; a n attemp t m ade to r e move his escutcheon from the organ in St. Patrick^s^ having been res isted by ^ift, it s tilrhbIds~Tts place in that cathedra l. TFe insult offered to the duke by the city was extremely unpalatable to the Jacobites, and in 1718 some unknown persons broke by night into the Tholsel, and there cut and defaced the picture of George I. After the battle of the Boyne, the Eoman Catholic citizens were obliged, by proclamation, to deposit their arms in the Tholsel, where, in 1691, meetings of the corporation for the promotion of the linen manufacture in Ireland were held, and the judges sat there during the rebuilding of the law courts in 1695. At the election of members of parliament for the city held at the Tholsel in 1713, a violent riot, in which some lives were lost, occurred, in consequence of the measures taken by the recorder Poster, one of the Whig candidates, to fill the building with his own adherents, thus excluding the constituents of the proposed Tory members, sir William Pownes and Martin Tucker. The quarter sessions were always held in the Tholsel, and opened in state by a procession of the mayor and aldermen, and all the municipal business of the city was transacted in the building. Incorrigible malefactors or offenders were usually sentenced in the lord's mayor's court to be whipped at a cart's tail from the Tholsel to the parliament house, to be placed in the stocks, or to be scourged at the ‘‘ whipping post" erected here for the purpose. Libellous publications condemned by parliament, gaming tables, and fraudulent goods seized by the lord mayor, were publicly burned at the Tholsel ; and public notices, notices of private bills, and protections granted by parliament to individuals, were ordered to be posted <6^ . THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. in a conspicuous part of the building. Public banquets were frequently given in the Tholsel by political clubs to the lords justices or lord lieutenant on anniversary days ; we find notice of a dinner of the Hanover club here on the 5th of November, 1739, at which three hundred dishes were served, and lord Chesterfield and other lords lieutenant were frequently enter- tained here in as sumptuous a style by similar societies ; on such occasions the exterior of the building was illuminated with wax lights, and several barrels of ale were distributed to the populace, who regaled themselves outside around great bonfires. At a public meeting held here on the occasion of the reduction of the gold coin in 1736, Swift made one of his last appear- ances in public life by publicly protesting against that measure, which was carried in opposition to him by primate Boulter : — The Drapier,^^ says Mrs. Whiteway, in a letter written at the time, went this day to the Tholsel as a merchant, to sign a petition to the government against lowering the gold, where we hear he made a long speech, for which he will be reckoned a Jacobite."’^ During the political excitement of 1753, the earl of Kildare gave a series of dinners here to his numerous political partizans, there being no tavern in Dublin large enough to accommodate the number of his constituents, who joined in drinking the Patriots’ ’’ then standing toast, of ^^Exportation of rotten (primate) Stone, duty free.” In 1779 the meeting at which the non-importation of Eng- lish manufactures was resolved upon, was held at the Tholsel on the 26th of April ; the chair having been taken by the high sheriffs, the following among other resolutions were agreed to, having been drawn up by a committee appointed on the spot, and composed of J ames Napper Tandy, counsellor Sheridan, alderman Horan, counsellor Hunt, John Binns, John Locker, and Jeremiah D’Olier : — Resolved, — That the unjust, illiberal, and impolitic opposition given by many self-interested people of Great Britain to the pro- posed encouragement of the trade and commerce of this kingdom, originated in avarice and ingratitude. Resolved, That we will not, directly or indirectly, import or use any goods or wares, the produce or manufacture of Great Britain, which can be produced or manu- factured in the kingdom, until an enlightened policy, founded upon principles of justice, shall appear to actuate the inhabitants of certain manufacturing towns there, who have taken so active a part in oppos- ing the regulations proposed in favour of the trade of Ireland, and they shall appear to entertain sentiments of respect and affection for their fellow subjects of this kingdom. Resolved, In order to pre- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 5 #^ vent our fellow-citizens and countrymen in general (who did not foresee the ill-treatment we have received, and the hardships we suffer through the selfishness of our sister kingdom) from being in- jured by the resolutions of this meeting, that we do consider all English goods imported prior to this day as Irish property (except such as are now here to be sold upon commission for the advantage of English merchants), and provided such importers shall enter into an engagement with the committee appointed this day by this meet- ing, that they will not import any British manufactures after the first day of May next.” At a public meeting of the freemen and freeholders of the city of Dublin, at the Tholsel, in March, 1782, James Camp- bell and David Dick, high sheriffs, in the chair, the citizens passed a resolution requiring the city members, as their trustees, to exert themselves in the most strenuous manner to procure an unequivocal declaration. That the king, lords, and commons of Ireland are the only power competent to make laws to bind this country the meeting pledging itself in the most solemn manner to support the representatives of the people at the risque of our lives and fortunes, in every consti- tutional measure which may be pursued for the attainment of this great national object/*’ The following account of the election of the liberal mem- bers at the Tholsel in May, 1790, serves to illustrate the manner in which those proceedings were conducted here in the last century : — ** The lord mayor and alderman Sankey assembled their sup- porters at the Royal Exchange coffee house to breakfast. The independent freemen of twenty-three corporations assembled at their respective halls, and marched thence to the Rotunda, to meet the popular candidates, lord Henry Fitzgerald, and the right hon. Mr. Grattan and about half past eleven, the cavalcade set out for the hustings, in the following order : Two marshals on horseback — a band of music, twenty freemen bearing white staves and banners variously inscribed with spirited mottos — eight agents with their poll-books, two and two. The candidates uncovered, supporting between them the venerable and highly-venerated Travers Hartley, esq., late represen- tative for the city, followed by a very considerable number of gentle- men the foremost of whom was that steady and respected patriot, the right hon. Mr. Brownlow, and the twenty-three corporations, bearing the regalia of their respective guilds— and many of them banners, with mottos suited to the occasion, among which were re- markable that of the merchants, a large ship, inscribed on her broadside : * The breeze of freedom fills our sails,’ — that of the smiths, two cross sledges, bound by a ribband, inscribed with the names of the candidates, and beneath in a motto ; ^ the men that THE HUSH quartp:rly review. dare be honest in the worst of times and that of the guild of St. Luke, or stationers’ company, a superb banner of painted silk, on which was pourtrayed, Hibernia, bearing the standard, cap of liberty and harp. Various other devices were exhibited by the guilds, together with a number of painted banners, on each of which a laconic sentence was inscribed ; among others were the following : ‘ the men of the people — the voice of the people — no aldermanic representatives — no unconstitutional police — no bribery — the free- dom of the corporations — the men who dare be free in the worst of times — a pension bill — a place bill — a responsibility bill — the liberty of the press, &c. &c.’ This cavalcade, as respectable and orderly, as it was numerous — the whole forming an assembly of above two thousand, here and there insersected with a band of music ; passed through Sackville, Henry, Mary’s, and Capel-streets, over Essex- bridge, through Parliament -street. Cork-hill, Castle-street, and to the hustings. The windows in these streets were occupied with beautiful women and their rising offspring, having on their breasts and head dresses ribbons of various colours, inscribed with gold or silver, similar to those worn by all the independent electors. On the arrival at the hustings, the lord mayor was proposed a candidate by alderman Hamilton, and seconded by alderman Worthington — alderman Sankey by alderman Smith, and seconded by alderman Lightburne. On the other side, Mr. Plartley proposed severally, lord Henry Fitzgerald, and the right hon. Mr. Grattan, the former was seconded by the right hon. David La Touche, and the latter by the right hon. Mr. Brownlow. On the eleventh a number of gentlemen, possessed of chambers in Trinity college, went in a body to the hustings to poll for lord Henry Fitzgerald and Mr. Grattan. They claimed to vote as freeholders from the possession of their apartments in the college ; and were very properly admitted by the sheriffs to poll, under a restrictive objection reserved for future determination. On the twelfth the election closed, when lord Henry Fitzgerald and the right hon. Henry Grattan were chosen by a majority of 859; after which they proceeded to the superb triumphal chair prepared for them on this occasion, and decorated in a truly elegant manner. The procession moved from the Tholsel through several of the principal streets to the Parliament house, into which the newly elected members were ushered ; and after a short speech, expressive of their gratitude for the high honour conferred on them by the independent citizens, and of their immoveable attachment to the interests of the city and the rights of the kingdom, retired, as did the several corporations by whom they were attended, to con- clude in festivity a day so auspicious. At night there were illumi- nations in every part of the city.” Towards the close of the century fjie Tholsel began to fall to decay, in consequence, as was supposed, of the marsliy nature of the ground on which it was erected ; a new s essions^ house was, tlierefore, erected in Gree n-str eet, and opened for busines s in 179 7 ; the meetings~of the corporation were like- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 39 ^ 5ST wise transferred to William-street; the court of conscience, however, continued to be held in a portion oF^theTThoIsel until the ruinous condition of the building rendered its removal necessary about the year 1815. On the south side of Skinners’ row, not far from the Tholsel, stood a large edifice, known as the 'LQaih|ip house/^ which in the early part of the sixteenth century was occupied by Gerald, ninth earl of Kildare, who daring his viceroyalty did great service against the native clans, not- withstanding which he was accused of various offences in 1519 ; but having cleared himself of the crimes laid to his charge, he accompanied Henry YIII. to Erance, and was present at the famous conference at the Eield of cloth of gold/-’ In 1521 he was again appointed lord deputy, but was shortly after committed to the Tower of London for le- vying war on the Butlers and other liege subjects, .,and for neglecting to capture his kinsman James, eleventh earl of Desmond, who had entered into communication with foreign powers. These charges w^ere mainly brought forward by cardinal Wolsey, ^Gvho was said to hate Kildare his blood. The cardinall hereupon caused Kildare to be examined before the councell, where he pressed him so deeplie with this late disloialtie, that the presumption being (as the cardinall did force it) vehement, the treason odious, the king suspicious, the enimie eger, the freends faint (which were sufficient grounds to overthrow an innocent person), the earl was reprieved to the Tower. The nobleman betooke himselfe to God and the king, he was hartilie beloved of the lieutenant, pitied in all the court, and standing in so hard a case, altered little of his accustomed hue, comforted other noble men with him, dis- sembling his own sorrow. On a night when the lieutenant and he for their disport were placing at slidegrote or shoofleboord, suddenlie commeth from the cardinall a mandatum to execute Kildare on the morrow. The earle marking the lieutenant’s deepe sigh : ‘ By saint Bride, lieutenant (quoth he) there is some mad game in that scroll ; but fall how it will, this throw is for an huddle.’ When the worst was told him : ‘ Now I praie thee (quoth he) doo no more but learn assuredlie from the king his owne mouth, whether his highnesse be witting thereto or not ? Sore doubted the lieutenant to displease the cardinall : yet of verie pure love to his freend, he posteth to the king at midnight, and delivered his errand : for at all hours of the night the lieutenant hath a«cesse to the prince upon occasions. The king controulling the saucinesse of the priest (for those were his termes) delivered to the lieutenant his signet in token of counter- mand ; which, when the cardinall had scene, he began to breathe out unseasoned language, which the lieutenant was lothe to heave, and so left him pattring and chanting the divell his Pater-noster.” LfOO y Q - •i*l nri TUK IRISH QUARTERLY REVIE’.f. After liis return to Dublin as lord deputy in 1532, we are told, that the earl, with the object of chagrining Skeffington, his predecessor in office, permitted him who was late governour, now like a meane privat person, to danse attend- ! ance among suters in his house at Dublin, named the Carbrie/' Having been soon again summoned to appear before the king, j he left as deputy in Dublin his son Thomas^ surnamed a 7 i i-dodaj)v of the silk, who, on a fal'^e reporTm his father’s j death in fETWwer, took up arms in 15.il, and waged war against the English Pale, but was finally reduced and executed with five of his uncles at Tyburn in 1535. Of the earl Gerald, who died of grief in the Tower in 1534, an old Anglo-Irish writer has left the following notices : — ** Kildare was in governement mild, to his enimies sterne, to the Irish such a scourge, that rather for despite of him than for favor of anie part, they relied for a time to Ormond, came under his protec- tion, served at his call, performed by starts (as their manner is) the dutie of good subjects. Ormond was secret and of great forecast, verie staied in speech, dangerous of every trifle that touched his re- putation. Kildare was open and plaine, hardlie able to rule himselfe when he were moved to anger, not so sharpe as short, being easilie displeased and sooner appeased. Being in a rage with certeine of his servants for faults they committed, one of his horsemen offered master Boice (a gentleman reteined to him) an Irish hobbie, on condition, that he would pluche an haire from the earle his beard. Boice taking the proffer at rebound, stept to the earle (with whose good nature he was thoroughlie acquainted) parching in the heat of his choler, and said : So it is, and if it like your good lordship, one of your horssemen promised me a choise horsse, if I snip one haire from your beard. W ell, quoth the earle, I agree thereto, but if thou plucke anie more than one, I promise thee to bring my flst from thine eare. — This earle, of such as did not stomach his proceedings, was taken for one that bare himselfe in all his affaires very honorablie, a wise, deep, and far reaching man : in war valiant without rashnesse, and politike without treacherie. Such a suppressor of rebels in his governement, as they durst not beare armor to the annoiance of anie subiect, whereby he heaped no small revenues to the crowne, inriched the king his treasure, garded with securitie the pale, continued the honor of his house, and purchased envie to his person. His great hospi- talitie is to this daie rather of each man commended than of anie one followed. He was so religiouslie addicted unto the serving of God, as what time soever he travelled to anie part of the countrie, such as were of his chappell should be sure to accompanie him. Among other rare gifts, he w^as with one singular qualitie imbued, which were it put in practice by such as are of his calling, might minister great occasion as well to the abandoning of flattering carrie talcs, as to the staid quietnesse THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. L,6I :5S9 of noble potentates. For if anie whispered, under Benedicite, a sinister report or secret practise that tended to the distaining of his honor, or to the perill of his person, he would strictlie ex- amine the informer, where the matter he reported were past, or to come. If it were said or doone, he was accustomed to laie sore to his charge, where, and of whom he heard it, or how he could iustifie it. If he found him to halt in the proofe, he would punish him as a pikethanke makebate, for being so maliciouslie caried, as for currieing favour to himself, he would labor to purchase hatrid to another. But if the practise were future, and hereafter to be put in execution, then would he suspend the credit, using withall such warie secrecie, as untill the matter came to the pinch, the adversarie should think he was most ignorant, when he was best provided. As being in Dublin fore- warned, that John Olurkan with certeine desperate varlets conspired his destruction, and that they were determined to assault him upon his return to Mainoth, he had one of his servants named James Grant, that was much of his pitch, and at a blush did somewhat resemble him, attired in his riding apparell, and namelie in a scarlet cloake, wherewith he used to be clad. Grant in this wise masking in his lord’s attire, rode as he was commanded in the beaten high waie towards Mainoth, with six of the earle his servants attending upon him. The conspirators awaiting towards Lucan the comming of the earle, incountered the disguised lord, and not doubting but it had been Kildare, they began to charge him : but the other amazed there- with, cried that they tooke their marke amisse, for the earle rode to Mainoth on the further side of the Liffie. Wherewith the murtherers appalled, fled awaie, but incontinentlie were by the earle apprehended, susteining the punishment that such oaitifes deserved. This noble man was so well affected to his wife the ladie Greie, as he would not at anie time buy a sute of apparell for himself, but he would sute hir with the same stuffe. Which gentlenesse she recompensed with equal kindnesse. For after that he deceased in the tower, she did not onelie ever after live as a chast and honorable widow ; but also nightlie before she went to bed, she would resort to his picture, and there with a solemne congee she would bid her lord goodnight. Whereby may be gathered with how great love she affected his per- son, that had in such price his bare picture.” A contemporary Dublin writer, well acquainted with the Geraldines and their history, gives the following account of the adventures of this earl’s son, Gerald Ditzgerald, born in 1525, who, by the death of his kinsmen, became the head of the Kildare branch of this family — “ When Thomas and his uncles were taken, his second brother on the father, his side, named Girald Fitzgirald, being at that time somewhat past twelve, and not full thirteene years of age, laie sicke of the small pocks in the countie of Kildare, at a town named Donoare, then in the occupation of Girald Fitzgirald. Thomas Levrouse, who was the child his schoolemaster, and after became bishop of Kildare, mistrusting upon the apprehension of Thomas THE IllLSlI QUARTERLY REVIEW. and his uncles, that all went not currant, wrapt the yoong patient as tenderlie as he could, and had him conveied in a cleefe with all speed to Ophalie, where soiourning for a short space with his sister the ladie Marie Fitzgirald, until he had recovered his perfect health, his schoolernaster carried him to O’Don his countrie, where making his aboad for a quarter of ayeare,he travelled to O’Bren his countrie, in Mounster, and having there remained for half a year, he repaired to his aunt, the ladie Elenor Fitzgirald, who then kept in Mac Cartie Reagh, hir late husband, his territories. This noble woman was at that time a widow, alwaies knowne and accounted of each man, that was acquainted with hir conversation of life, for a paragon of libe- ralitie and kindnesse, in all hir actions virtuous and godlie, and also in a good quarrel rather stout than stilfe. To hir was O’Doneil an importunate suiter. And although at sundrie times before she seemed to shake him off, yet considering the distresse of hir yoong innocent nephue, how he was forced to wander in pilgrim wise from house to house, eschuing the punishment that others deserved, smarted in his tender yeares with adversitie before he was of discretion to injoie anie prosperite, she began to incline to hir wooer his request, to the end hir nephue should have been the better by his countenance, shoulder- ed, and in fine indented to espouse him ; with this caveat or proviso, that he should safelie shield and protect the said yoong gentleman in this calamitie. This condition agreed upon, she rode with her nephue to O’Doneil his countrie, and there had him safelie kept for the space of a yeare. But shortlie after the gentlewoman either by some secret friend informed, or of wisedome gathering that hir late married husband intended some treacherie, had hir nephue disguised, storing him like a liberall and bountifull aunt with seven score porteguses, not onlie in valour, but also in the selfe same coine, incon- tinentlie shipped him secretlie in a Britons vessell of Saint Malouse, betaking him to God and to their charge that accompanied him, to wit, raaister Levrouse and Robert Walsh, sometime servant to his father, the earle. The ladie Elenor having thus, to hir conten- tation, bestowed hir nephue, she expostulated verie sharpelie with O’Doneil* as touching his villanie, protesting that the onelie cause of hir match with him proceeded of an especiall care to have hir nephue countenanced : and now that he was out of his lash that minded to have betraied him, he should well understand, that as the feare of his danger mooved hir to annere to such a clownish cur- inudgen, so the assurance of his safetie should cause hir to sequester hirselfe from so butcherlie a cuthrote, that would be like a pelting mercenarie patch hired to sell or betraie the-innocent bloud of his nephue by afiinitie, and hirs by consanguinitie. And in this wise trus- sing up bag and baggage, she forsook O’Doneil and returned to hir countrie. The passengers with a prosperous gale arrived at Saint Malouse, which notified to the governour of Britajne, named monsieur * This charge appears unfounded, as from a contemporary official document we find that Fitzgerald’s escape was managed by O Donnell, between whom and the captain “ an act was passed signyd by a notary. The sayd Filzgarethe was convayde aborde the ship in the nyght in a small cocke, havyng on but a saffronyd shurtt, and barheaddyd, lyke one of the wyllde Yreshe, and with him 3 persons.” THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 1^03 de Chasteau Brian, he sent for the yoong Fitzgerald, gave him verie hartie interteinment during one moneths space. In the meane season the gouernour posted a messenger to the court of France, advertising the king of the arrival of this gentleman, who presentlie caused him to be sent for, and him put to the Dolphin (Dauphin) named Henrie, who after became king of France. Sir John Wallop (who was then the English ambassadour) understanding the cause of the Irish fugitive his repaire to France, demanded him of the French king, according to the new made league between both the princes, which was : that none should keepe the other his subiect within his dominion, contrarie to either of their willes ; adding further, that the boie was brother to one, who of late notorious for his rebellion in Ireland, was exe- cuted at London. To this answered the king, first, that the ambas- sador had no commission from his prince to demand him, and upon his maiestie his letter he should know more of his mind : secondlie, that he did not deteine him, but the Dolphin staied him : lastlie, that how grievoslie soever his brother offended, he was well assured, that the sillie boie neither was nor could be a traitor, and therefore there rested no cause whie the ambassador should, in such wise, craue him ; not doubting that although he were delivered to his king, yet he would not so far swarve from the extreame rigor of iustice, as to imbrue his hands in the innocent his, bloud, for the offense that his brother had perpetrated. Maister Wallop hereupon addressed his ^ letters to England, specifieing unto the councell the French king’s “answer. And in the mean time the yoong Fitzgirald having an inkling of the ambassador his motion, fled secretlie to Flanders, scantlie reaching to Valencie, when James Sherelocke, one of maister Wallop his men, did not onelie pursue him, but also did overtake him as he soiourned in the said towne. Whereupon maister Lev- rouse, and such as accompanied the child, stept to the gouernor of Valencie complaining that one Sherelocke a sneaking spie, like a pikethanke promoting varlet, did dog their master from place to place, and presentlie pursued him to the towne : and therefore they besought the gouernour not to leave such apparant villainie un- punished, in that he was willing to betraie not onlie aguiltlesse child, but also his owne countriman, who rather ought for his innocencie to be pitied, than for the desert of others so egerlie to be pursued. The governor upon this complaint sore incensed, sent in all haste for Sherelocke had him suddenlie examined, and finding him unable to color his lewd practise with anie warrantable defense, he laid him up by the heeles, rewarding his hot pursute with cold interteinment, and so remained in gaole, untill the yoong Fitzgirald requiting the prisoner his unnaturall crueltie with undeserved courtesie, humblie besought the gouernor to set him at libertie. This brunt escaped, Fitzgirald travelled to Bruxels, where the emperour kept his court. Doctor P ates being ambassador in the low countries, demanded Fitzgirald of the emperour, on his maister the king of England’s behalfe. The emperor having answered that he had not to deale with the boy, and for ought that he knew was not minded to make anie great abode in that coun trie, sent him to the bishop of Liege, allowing him for his pension an hundred crownes monethelie. The bishop interteined him THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. LfOl^ verie honorablie, had him placed in an abbeie of moonks, and was so carefull of his safetie, that if any person suspected had travelled within the circuit of his gleebe, he should be streictlie examined whither he would, or from whense he came, or upon what occasion he travelled that waie. Having in this wise remained at Liege for half a yere, the cardinall Poole (Fitzgirald his kinsman) sent for him to Rome. Whereupon the gentleman as well with the emperor his licence, as with surrendring his pension, travelled to Italie, w’here the cardinall would not admit him to his companie, until he had atteined to some knowledge in the Italian toong. Wherefore, allowing him an an- nuitie of three hundred crownes, he placed him with the bishop of Verona, and the cardinall of Mantua, and after with the duke of Mantua. Levrouse in the meane while was admitted, through the cardinall Poole his procurement, to be one of the English house in Rome, called ^ saint Thomas his hospital!.’ Robert Walsh upon his maisters repaire to Italie, returned to Ireland. Fitzgirald having continued with the cardinall, and the duke of Mantua, a year and an halfe, was sent for by the cardinall Poole to Rome, at which time the duke of Mantua gave him for an annuall pension three hundred crownes. The cardinall greatlie reioised in his kinsman, had him carefullie trained up in his house, interlacing with such discretion his learning and studies with exercises of activitie, as he should not be after accounted of the learned for an ignorant idiot, nor taken of active gentlemen for a dead and dumpish meacocke. If he had com- mitted anie fault, the cardinall would secretlie command bis tutors to correct him, and all that notwithstanding he would in presence dandle the boie, as though he were not privie to his punishment ; and upon his complaint made, he used to checke Fitzgirald, his maister, openlie for chastising so severelie his pretie darling. In this wise he rested three yeares together in the cardinall his house, and by that time hav- ing stept so far in yeers (for he was pricking fast upon nineteene) as he began to know himselfe, the cardinall put him to his choise, either to continue his learning, or by travelling to seeke his adventures abrode. The young stripling (as usuallie kind dooth creepe, rather of nature addicted to valiantnes, than wedded to bookishnesse) choosed to be a traveller, and presentlie, with the cardinall his licence, repair- ed to Naples: where falling in acquaintance with knights of the Rhodes, he accompanied them to Malta, from thense he sailed to Tripolie (a fort apperteining to the aforesaid order, coasting upon Barbaric) and there he aboded six weeks with Mounbrison, a com- mander of the Rhodes, who had the charge of that hold. At that time the knights served valiantlie against the Turks and miscreants, spoiled and sacked their villages and townesthat laie neere the water side, tooke diverse of them prisoners, and after sold them to the Christians for bond-slaves. The yoong Fitzgirald returned with a rich bootie to Malta, from thense to Rome, having spent in this voiage not fullie one year. Proud was the cardinall to heare of his prosperous exploits : and for his further advancement he inhansed his pension of three hundred crownes, to three hundred pounds, over and above three hundred crownes that the duke of Mantua allowed him. Shortlie after he preferred him to the service of the duke of THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. Florence, named Cosmo,* with whom he continued maister of his horsse three yeares, having also of the duke three hundred duckets for a yearlie pension during life, or until he were restored ; in like maner as the cardinall Poole and the duke of Mantua in their an* nuities had granted him. During the time that he was in service with the duke of Florence, he travelled to Rome a shroving, of set purpose to be merrie : and as he rode on hunting with cardinall Ferneise the pope his nephue, it happened that in chasing the bucke he fell into a pit nine and twenty fatham deepe, and in the fall for- saking his horsse within two fathams of the bottom, he tooke hold by two or three roots, griping them fast, until his arms were so wearie, as he could hang no longer in that paine. Wherefore, betak- ing himself to God, he let go his gripe by little and little and fell softlie on his horsse, that in the^ bottom of the pit laie starke dead, and there he stood up to the ancles in water for the space of three houres. When the chase was ended, an exceeding good greihound of his named Grifhound, not finding his maister in the companie, followed his tract untill he came to the pit, and from thense would not depart, but stood at the brim incessantlie howling. The cardinall Ferneise and his train missing Fitzgirald made towards the dog, and surveing the place, they were verelie persuaded that the gentleman was squised to death. Having therefore posted his servants in haste to a village hard by Rome (named Trecappan) for ropes and other necessaries, he caused one of the companie to glide in a basket down to the bottome of the hole. Fitzgirald revived with his presence, and willing to be removed from so darkesome a dongeon to the open aire, besought the other to lend him his roome, whereupon he was haled up in the basket : as well to the generall admiration of the whole companie, as to the singular gratulation of the cardinall and all his friends, rendering most hartie thankes unto God his divine majestie, for protecting the gentleman with his gratious guerdon.” Fitzgerald subsequently visited London in company with some foreign ambassadors, and being exceedingly handsome he, at a court ball, captivated the daughter of sir Anthony Browne, knight of the garter. Having married her, he was enabled, by the interest of his father-in-law and the intercession of cardinal Pole, to obtain favor with Edward YI., who knighted him in 1552 , and restored a portion of the estates forfeited by his brother, and Queen Mary reinstated him in his family titles and * Cosimo de’ Medici, duke of Florence and Siena, 1537-1575. Florence was traditionally believed to have been the original country of the Ge- raldines, as expressed in the verses of Ugolino Devieri — “ Clara Gherardiaorum domus est hsec plurima quondam, Castella incoluit fecundis collibus Else, Insignis quse toga sed enim prsestantior armis Floruit hujus adhuc veneratur Hibernia nomen.” An the earl of Surrey, in his sonnet on the lady Elizabeth Fitzgerald, sister to the hero of the above adventures, says — From Tuscane came my lady’s worthie race. Fair Florence was sometime her ancient seat.” 38 Til!:; IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. ■5ir4 in the other possessions lately confiscated to the crown. On the attainder of the Geraldines, Henry VIII., by letters patent, granted “ the large stone messuage, with the garden annexed, commonly called Onrhcrry hnnse^ in Skinner-row,^^ to Sir Pierce Butler, ninth Earl of Ormond, whence it acquired the name of “ Ormond halV^ and continued in the possession of the Butler family until late in the next century, although it does not appear to have been used by them as a residence after the reign of James I. In 1631 we find that, having been in a dilapidated condition, it was divided into two houses — one occupied by Michael Browne, the other in the tenure of Robert Arthur. Towards the close of the seventeenth century a portion of the great house in Skinners’-row” was converted into Dick’s coffee house,” one of the most frequented establishments of ' its*^m^irthe city, and in 1703 the build- ing is described in an official document as follows : — “ A moiety of a timber house (called Carberry house) divided into two tenements. One hath two cellars, and on the first floor two shops and twm kitchens. On the second floor three rooms (two of them w^ainscotted) . On the third, two rooms, and on the fourth, two garrets. The other part has a cellar under the front. On the first floor one shop and two kitchens, and on , the second, third and fourth three rooms each, with the moiety of a small timber house in the backside.” Like most of the other coffee houses in Dublin, Dick’s was located on the draw- ing room floor, one of the shops underneath being occupied by Thomas Cotter, bookseller and publisher, and another by the Hoop” eating house ; while at the rere was the establishment of Aaron Rhames, publisher in 1709 of a Saturday periodical called the Diverting Post and here also was the office ..„pf the newspaper called ^*Pue’s Occurrences,”'^ so styled * This was originally a Tory paper, as noticed in the verses written in 17‘23 on chief baron Rochfort ; — “But now, since I have gone so far on, A word or two of lord chief haron ; And tell how little weight he sets On all whig papers and gazettes ; But for the politics of Pue, Thinks every syUahle is true.” Its original shape was quarto, from which it gradually enlarged to a large folio size ; Richard Pue died in 1758, and was succeeded by his nephew, James Pue, after whose death in 1762, the paper was published by Sarah Pue, commencing with Vol. LIX., No. 101 ; from the thirty-first number of the next volume it was printed at the same place by John Roe, who prefixed his own name to the title. It subse- quently came into the possession of Sarah Roe and David Gibbal, from whom, in June 1776, it was purchased by John Hillary, bookseller of No. 54. Castle-street, and its career terminated about the year 1792. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. uoy from its proprietor Eichard Pue, who was master of the coffee house. Dick/' says a cotemporary English writer, '^is a witty and ingenious man, makes the best coffee in Dublin, and is very civil and obliging to all his customers ; of an open and generous nature ; has a peculiar knack at ban- tering, and w'ill make rhymes to anything. He is of a cheer- ful facetious temper, and, generally speaking, fair in his deal- ing. As for his wife, I shall say this, she is an industrious woman, handsome enough, one that knows her duty to her husband, and how to respect her customers." At Dick's were generally held the principal auctions in the city of lands, property, books, &c., the sales of the latter generally commenc- ing at five or six, p.m. After continuing for nearly a century one of the chief coffee houses in Dublin, Dick’s, having fallen to decay, was demolished about the year 1790. In addition to Dick's, we find that the following coffee houses and taverns were located in Skinners'-row at the close of the seventeenth century : — Bow's coffee house (169^)," Darby’s coffee house," and the Earn/’ the vestiges of t he la tter were preserved in the na,me of /^Eam Alley," which formed one of the entrances to the Tholsel. On the south side of Skinners'-row was the residence of sir Eobert Dixon, lord mayor of Dublin, A D. 1634, in which year he was knighted at his own house here by the earl of Strafford ; this house had been originally let by the parishioners of St. Werburgh's to captain William Meares of Dublin, by a lease dated 28th Eebruary, 1604, in which it is described as one house and garden with the appurtenances, lying in length from the king's pavement or street called Skinner-row, in the north to Curryer's-lane, that leadetli thence to St. Nicholas's church in the south, and from All Hallows ground on the east side to Caddell's ground, late in the tenure of John Murphy, on the west, for seventy-five years for 19s. 8d. annual rent." Dixon was returned member of parliament for Banagher in 1645, his country residence at the time being Barretstown castle, near Baile mor Eustace. He had received large grants of land from Charles I. for military services, his family having had previously a grant from Henry VIII. of the Carme- lite Eriary at Cloncurry, Kildare, and the lands adjoining, in the person of William Dixon, for their successful attack on the sept of O'Eeilly. In 1662 the house in Skinners'-row came into possession of sir William Dixon, knight, heir to sir Eobert, who in 1661 took from the mayor and sheriffs one garden, ¥ TJIE IRISH QUARTERLY RKVIKW. plott of ground, and backside, situate on the backside of the dwelling house of the said sir William Dixon in Skinrer-row, being part of Sutor^s-lane, otherwise called Hoyne^sdane/' for sixty-one years at the yearly rent of nine pence sterling, with capons to the mayor. Skinners’-row' continued to be the town residence of the Dixon^s until early in the eighteenth century, when colonel Robert Dixon, in 1719, let his grandfather^s house, then occupied by George Tufnell, wig maker, to Thomas Parsons, sword cutler, for £22 per annum, together with the house adjoining, then described as formerly the Old Dolphin/'’ for £30 per an. These houses, which are believed to have stood on the sites of these now known as nos. 12 and 13 Christ church place, were bounded on the west by Darby’s coffee house house, and on the east by the house of Robert Owen, bookseller. Colonel Dixon having died without issue, the property of that family devolved upon his relative, sir Kildare Borrowes, great grandfather of the present baronet, sir Erasmus Dixon Borrowes, who has lately restored the old family seat of Barretstown castle. Viscount Conway resided in Skinners’ row in 1662 ; and we find that tokens were issued in the same century by the following residents of this locality : Isaac Taylor (1657) ; Alexander Aickin, merchant (1668) ; Henry Martyn (1668); John Partington, gouldsmith, at the Kinge^s head Roger Halley, “ artizan and skinner William Hill, at the Pestill and mortar William Taylor, merchant ; William Colbys (1666) ; and Mary Drinkwater, with reference to whose house Dr. Mossom writing to primate Bramhall in 1661, re- lative to hiring lodgings for him in Dublin, says : “ There is at Drinkwater’s, in Skinners’ row, a very pleasant garden, good conveniences of dining room, and lodging ; but she put me off till Monday for her resolution to let them. Yet be- sides she has no garret for servants, but must provide for them at the next house. As for dining room and three lodging rooms, better is not in Dublin, and the conveniences for lower rooms, as kitchen, &c., is tolerably good. I crave your grace’s mind to be signified by Monday’s post whether of these two places you best approve ; that if haply Mrs. Drinkwater give a fair resolve, I may, for her garden’s sake especially, strike a bargain with her.” Sir Patrick^ un, physician to the army during the wars of 1688, and on whose bequest Dun’s hospital was founded, resided here in 1690. The following specimen of Dun’s pre- THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. scriptions appears in an unpublished letter^ written by bira^ in 1691, to general Ginkle’s secretary at war in the camp at Connacht, Six on Monday last, I sent from Dublin a box containing two dozen of bottles of the best claret I could get in Dublin, and two dozen bottles of Chester ale then, after noting that this box hath a lock and key,^’ and mentioning the person to whom he had forwarded the latter by letter from Athlone, he adds, At the same time, I sent a lesser box, in which there is a dozen and a half potted chickens in an earthen pot ; and in another pot, fowre green geese. This,^'’ continues the doctor, “ is the physic I advise you to take ; I hope it will not be nauseous or disagreeable to your stomach — a little of it upon a march.” Among the other residents in Skinners^ row, were David King, goldsmith, at whose house a large quantity of records were secreted during the wars of 1689 ; Thomas Quin, apo- thecary, lord mayor of Dublin in 1697 ; and Spranger Barry, the afterwards famous actor, who was born in Skinners^ row in 1717, and having succeeded his father as a silversmith, con- tinued to carry on that business here till he went on the stage about the year 1744. In an unpublished memorandum roll of 27 Charles II. A.D. 1675, we find notice of a brick house in Skinners’ row, called ^^The London Stone,” then in the possession of John Hopkins, having been set by John Talbot of Temple og to John Woodcock of Dublin, clerk, and Kobsrt Peppard of Dublin, gentleman. At the sign of the Leather bottle” in Skinners’ row (1685-1718) was the shop of Eobert Thornton, bookseller, publisher of the first Dublin newspaper,* and appointed king’s stationer in 1692, being the first who held that office; he is,” says a writer in 1697, a very obliging person, has sense enough for a privy councellor, and good nature enough for a primitive Christian.” Alderman James Malone, appointed with Eichard Ma- lone, king’s printer, in January 1689, by James II., also resided in Skinners’ row. In his official capacity he issued various publications emanating from the Jaco- bite government, which, after the Williamites regained power, were industriously sought out and destroyed, with a * This paper has been described in the account of College green, Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II., p. 758. A popular song on the “ Leather bottell,” adopted by Thornton as a sign, will be found in a collection entitled “An Antidote against melancholy made up in pills, compounded of witty ballads, jovial songs and merry catches,’’ 1682. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Lv/O tss view of falsifying contemporary history to suit the pur- poses of party. Amongst those publications was a very im- portant tracts entitled A relation of what most remarkably happened during the last campaign in Ireland, betwixt his majesty^s army royal, and the forces of the prince of Orange, sent to joyn the rebels under the count de Schomberg. Pub- lished by authority. Dublin : printed by alderman James Malone, bookseller, in Skinner-row, 1689.‘’‘’ This brochure appears to have been rigidly suppressed by the Williamites, as it threw much light on Schomberg^ s dis- astrous campaign in the norfh of Ireland, where, notwithstand- ing the immense superiority of his army, amounting to 35,000 men, his progress was checked by a miserably armed force of 22,000 Jacobites, and his loss at the termination of the season was found to amount to 15,000 men, more than double the number of which perished at Walcheren in 1809, a fact, how- ever, studiously suppressed in the works hitherto received as histories of that period. By the Williamites Malone was dismissed from the office of prin- ter to the state, and it appears from the unpublished Exchequer records, that in 1707 he, together with Luke Dowling, another bookseller, was tried in the Queen^s bench for selling and publishing a book entitled A Manuall of devout prayers,^^ and having been convicted, they were sentenced to pay fines of 300 marks each, and committed to close imprisonment. They thereupon petitioned the Commissioners of reduce- ments, declaring that they had noe seditious or evill intent or meaneing in exposing to sale the said book, whereof severall parcels and editions were for above twenty years last past con- tinually and publickly sold by all or most Protestant and Popish booksellers, as was sworn on their tryall by four Pro- testant credible witnesses, without having been taken notice of by the government.” Justices Coote and McCartney, two ot the judges of the Queen^s bench, before whom Malone and Dowling were tried, stated in a report, that a great many of the said Manualls, wherein were contained several prayers for the late king James and his queen, and also for the Pre- tender, were sold and dispersed much about the time of the late invasion intended to be made by the Trench king on north Brittaine, which the said justices were apprehensive were then printed, with an intent to be dispersed in order to influence and incourage the Papists in tliis kingdom to rise and make disturbance here in favor of the Pretender ; but no proof of THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ■mi such intention by the said Malone and Dowling appeared before them, nevertheless it induced the said justices to impose a greater fine on them than perhaps they would have done at another time, to terrifie others from being guilty of the like practices hereafter. It appearing to the court that Malone and Dowling were persons of little substance, with large families, and upon their taking the oath of abjuration in open court, the fines were reduced to five marks each, and they were released from confinement/'’ Alderman Malone survived this prosecution for many years, and was one of the original founders of the Charitable Music Society, who built the Music hall in Dishamble- street, as detailed in our account of that locality. Opposite to the Tholsel was the printing house of Joseph Kay (1690), one of the most eminent booksellers in the city, and publisher, in 1698, of the first edition of that celebrated work, The Case of Ireland's being bound by acts of parliament in England, stated, by William Molyneux, of Dublin,^’ which, as advocating the doctrine of Irish Independence, was ordered by the English parliament to be burned by the common hangman. Mr. Eay,^^ says a writer of the time, is slender in body ; his head rather big than little ; his face thin, and of a moderate size; a smooth tongue, a voice neither deep nor shrill. His countenance is ever intermixed with joy and sweetness. He is a courteous man in his shop ; and, being both printer and bookseller, has got a good estate in a few years. He is the best situated of any bookseller in Dub- lin.^^ Three other publishers in Skinners’-row in the reign of William and Mary, are described as follows : — “ I shall first begin with Mr. Brent, who I think, is the oldest partner. He’s a scrupulous, honest, conscientious man, and I do think a true Nathaniel. He’s perfect innocence, yet a man of letters; he knows no harm, and therefore contrives none ; he’s what we may truly call a religious printer, and (I was going to say) he hates vice almost by nature as grace ; and this I think is his true character. As to Mr. Powel (the second partner) his person is handsome (I do not know whether he knows it or no) and his mind has as many charms. He’s the very life and spirit of the company where he comes, and ’tis impossible to be sad if he sets upon it ; he is a man of a great deal of wit and sense (and I hope of as much honesty) and his repartees are so quaint, apposite, and genteel, ’tis pleasure to observe how handsomely he acquits himself ; in the mean time, he’s neither scurrilous nor profane, but a good man, and a good printer, as well as a good companion. I come next to honest THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. -m) Brocas^ the third partner, and with him, if he’s returned from Holland, take leave of my three printers. Mr. Brocas is much of a gentleman ; he gave me a noble welcome to Dublin, and never grew* less obliging. He’s one that loves his friend as his life, and I may say, without otfence to the printers of Dublin, that no man in the universe better understands the ‘ noble art and mystery of printing’ than John Brocas in Skinner-row.” The other booksellers and publishers in Skinners^-row were John North (1681) ; Samuel Lee (1694) ; John Poster, at the Dolphin,'^ (1695); Patrick Campbell, at the ^^Bible’^ (1696); Sylvanus and Jeremiah Pepyat (1710); Thomas Walsh, at DicFs Coffee house, publisher in 1727 of '^Walsh’s Dublin weekly impartial News Letter,^'’ issued on Wednesdays, and of Walsh’s Dublin Post-boy,'’^ 1729; James Hoey (1731), at the pamphlet shop in SkinnePs-row Samuel Pairbrother, opposite the Tholsel, printer to the city, appointed king’s stationer in 1723, and satirized by Sheridan for pirating Paulkner’s edition of Swift ; Eobert Owen, captain of the lord mayor’s regiment of militia, “ a most facetious and joyous companion,” who died in 1747 ; Oliver Nelson, at “ Mil- ton’s head” (1740), publisher of the “Dublin Courant;” W. Powel (1745), at the corner of Christ church lane, opposite to the Tholsel; Alexander Mac Culloh, publisher in 1754 of the “General Advertiser,” and in 1756 of the “Dublin Evening Post ;” Peter Hoey, at the sign of “ Mercury” (1770), next to the Tholsel, publisher of the “Publick Journal;” John Milliken (1769) ; and Elizabeth Lynch, law bookseller. The original breadth of Skinners’-row did not exceed s even- teen feet, wIiicF~waFio^dimimslied by projecting shop fronts ~~lhiddle and cellars, little more that in the than twel^ "of the street for a space of vehicles" to ’ pass. Leet was left so that when two or three carriages met here the thoroughfare was completely stopped. The old footpath, still discernible on the south side of Christ church-place, was about one foot broad, and when viewed from Castle-street, the whole line of Skinners’-row presented the appearance of a narrow and sombre alley. Many wealthy traders, jew^ellers, gold and silver-smiths had their shops in this street, and as the great thoroughfare from the eastern side of the city to the law courts, Tholsel, Corn-market, canal, and Liberties, it was constantly filled, especially during term time and sessions, and on market days, by a throng of busy passengers. T he decline of its })rosperity was initiated by the removal ”oT the sessions t(7Grcen-ili^H7~Hie"dpe'hrff^bTThF7iew^^ courfs7 n cl, fi n a1 ly THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. 4 /^ -ms the transfer of the Corn-market, completed the depreciation in the value of houses in this neighbourhood, and afforded the com- missioners of wide streets, about twenty-five years ago, an op- portunity for carrying out their plans for the opening of the locality, as proposed by them in 1802. In the process of these alterations, the entire of the north side of Skinners^-row was swept away, together with the buildings known as Christ church yard. The old four courts, Christ church-lane, with Michael’s- lane, and other buildings at the southern extremity of Wine- tavern-street, were also demolished ; and the name of Skinners^- row was likewise changed to Christ church-place/^ thus completing the alteration effected in the original features of this quarter of the city. Nicholas^’-street received its name from the church of St. Nicholas, erected there in the eleventh century by bishop Donogh, founder of the cathedral of the holy Trinity. This parish, styled St. Nicholas within^ ^e walls, is the smallest lii Dublin, ifnrr^™only””berng "Sve acres and eleven perches, containing at present 127 houses and 1,199 inhabitants. During the Protectorate, Dr. Thomas Seele, afterwards dean of St. Patricks, officiated here till he was silenced by the lord deputy and council in 1658. At the same period Dr. Samuel Mather, a very eminent Non- conformist divine and writer, used to preach here on every Sunday morning ; after the passing of the Act of Uniformity, he became one of the founders of the Dissenting congregation of New-row — now Eustace-street — and was buried in St. Nicholas’ church in 1671. A considerable portion of the cemetery of this church was covered with the offices of the Tholsel when that edifice was rebuilt in 1683, and for which an annual rent is still paid by the corporation of Dublin. Dr. King, in a letter written in 1693, remarks of Henry Price, then rector of this church, that before he came to the parish of St. Nicholas it had the thinnest congregation in Dublin and adds, I reckoned one Sunday when there were only thirteen and the minister; but since he came he has built two galleries, and yet wants room, which is due to his care, piety, and diligence.'” The church was rebuilt in 1707 ; its front was of hewn stone, with a large arched door case in the centre, over which, in the first story, was a large arched window, with a smaller arched window on each side; in the second story was another arched window, over which THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. was a square belfry rising about twelve feet above the roof, with openings on each side. The front of the church having been found to be in a dangerous state, w^as taken down some years ago by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the building has since that period remained in a dilapidated condition. Nicholas^-street was originally separated from Patrick’s-street by a gate in the city wall, styled Nicholas^ gate, which was stand- ing till about the middle of the last century. In this street, iu the sixteenth century, resided Humphrey Powell, who, in 1551, published an edition of the Common pinyer, which is believed to have been the first book printed in Dublin. This volume was issued witn tne lolTowiiig title \nien tne pnuter was dwell- ing in another part of the city : “ The Bote of the common praier and alministracion of the Sacramentes, and other rites and ceremonies of the Churche: after the vse of the Churche of England, Dublinise in Officina Hum- fredi Povveli. Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum. Anno Domini. M.D.L.I.” This book is elegantly printed in the black letter, and contains 140 folio pages, exclusive of six leaves of calendars in rubrics, and four pages of introductory matter, comprising table of psalms, title, &c. At signature A hi. the book is stated to be printed at the comraaundement of th^Hght woorshipfull, sir Anthonie Sentleger (knight of the ord^), late lord deputie of Irelande, and counsaile of the same ;” and on folio cxl. appears tlie following colophon : — Imprinted by Humfrey Powell, Printer to the Eynge’s Maiestie, in his hyghnesse realme of Ireland, dwellyng im^e citee of Dublin in the great towre by the Crane. Cum priuej^lo ad imprimendum solum. Anno Domini. M.D.L.I.” Powell subsequently removed to published diolas-street, where he “ A Brefe Declaration of certein principall articles of Religion : set out by order and aucthoritie as well of the right Honorable Sir Henry Sidney Knight of the most noble order. Lord presidet of the Coucel in the Principallitie of Wales and Marches of the same ; and general deputie of this Realme of Ireland, as by Tharche- byshops, and Byshopes and other her majesties Hygh Commissioners for causes Ecclesiasticall in the same realme. Imprynted at Dublin by Humfrey Powel the 20 of J^fiary, 1566.” At its conclusion the book "hv is stated to be Imprynted THE STHEETS OE DUBLIN. hfS- at Dublin in Saint Nycolas Stret, by Humfrey Powell, Pryntei* appoynted for the Eealme of Irelande.'’^ These are the only specimens known of Powelhs typography ; and although we are told t hat John Kearney, treasurer of St. Patrick’s, pub- l ished in 1 the first Irish work ever printed, entitled Al- phabetum et ratio legendi Hibernicum, et catechismus in eadera lingua,” no copy of tliat work is accessible in Dublin to enable us to determine by whom it was printed. The first king’s printer in Ireland whose patent is enrolled, was John Prankton or Prancton, gent, who was appointed to the office in 1604 by James I., and continued the principal publisher in Dublin, until about the year 1617, when a patent was granted to Pelix Kingston, Mathew Lownes, and Bartholomew Downes, stationers and citizens of London, who in 1618 erected " a factory for books and a press” in Dublin, under the superintendence of Pelix Kingston, and commenced their labors by the publication of an edition of the Irish Statutes. This “ Company of Stationers” continued to publish in Dublin until 1641, and although Ussher thought that his His- tory of Gotteschalcus, issued in 1631, w^as the first Latin book printed in his native city, sir James Ware^s Lives of the bishops of Cashel and Tuam, 4to., 1621, '^Ex officina societatis bibli- opolarum,” appears to be the work entitled to that distinction. During one period of the Commonwealth there was but a single printer in Dublin; subsequent to the Bestoration, their number rapidly increased, and in the middle of tlie last century there were very many respectable publishers in this city ; since the Union, however, the amount of w^orks published in Dublin has fallen off at least eighty per cent. During the seventeenth and earlier part of the eighteenth centuries, Nicholas-street was inhabited by persons of distinc- tion, as Eichard Kennedy, baron of the exchequer (1670) ; Joshua, second viscount Allan ; Cornelius O’Callaghan, a very eminent lawyer, who died here in 1741, and next to whose house resided Eaton Stannard, subsequently recorder of Dublin. The most notorious of the residents in this street in the last century was Dr. J ohn Whalley, the chief quack and astrologer of his time in the city. This strange character, born on the 29th of April, 1653, was originally a shoemaker, and came to Dublin in 1682, where having established him- self as a compiler of prophetic almanacs, and compounder of medicines to cure all diseases, he gained such a reputation for THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. L^/fi necromancy,* that he was constantly consulted by the credulous people of the city, as noticed by a rhymer of the day : — “ Whalley bred up to end and awl, To work in garret or in stall, Who had more skill in cutting leather Than in foretelling wind or weather. Forsook the trade of mending shoes. To deal in politicks and news. Commenc’d astrologer and quack. To raise the Devil in a crack. Told fortunes, and could cure all ills. By his Elixir and his pills. Poor petty servants to their cost, Flock’d to him for all things they lost, He pump’d out all they had to say. And getting all they had to pay. The thief he shew’d them in a glass ; And if she were a pretty lass. He told her fortune must be great ; If ugly, ah ! how hard her fate, A hundred pretty tales invented. To send the wenches off contented.” In 1688 be was placed in the pillory for some political offence, and while there received from the mob a plentiful unction of antique eggs and other unsavoury missiles. Having rendered himself peculiarly obnoxious to the native Irish by his perpetual fanatical railings against them and the * Necromancy and astrology were practised by some natives of this country before the era of Dr. Whalley. Edward Kelly, seer to the fa- mous Dr. Dee, was admitted to be the second Rosicrucian in the six- teenth century, in recognition of which he was knighted at Prague by the emperor Rudolph, who, with the king of Poland, was frequently present at his incantations. The physician of Charles II. tells us that when that prince was at Cologne in 16.54, the bishop of Avignon “ sent him out of France a scheme calculated by one O’Neal, a mathematician, wherein he predicted, that in the year 1660, the king should certainly enter England in a triumphant manner ; which since to our wonder, adds this writer, “we have seen fulfilled, all the people^ triumphantly rejoycing.” Harvey, “ the famous conjurer of Dublin,’’ is stated to have possessed “the art of conjuring in Dublin, longer, and with greater credit than any other conjurer in any part of the earth. He was tall in statue, round shoulder’d, pale visaged, ferret-eyed, and never laughed.” His costume is described as follows by a writer in 1728 : “ He was unalterable in regard of dress, and would have died, rather than change his old fashion, though it were to prevent either a plague or a famine. On his head was a broad slouching hat, and white cap. About his neck was tied a broad band with tassells hanging down. He wore a long, dangling coat, of good broad cloath, close breasted and buttoned from top to bottom. No skirts. No sleeves. No wastcoat. A pair of trouse-breeches, down to his ancles; broad -toed, low-heeled shooes, which were a novelty in his time, and the latchets tied, with two packthreads. A long black stick, no gloves; and thus, bending near double, he trudg’d slowly along the streets, with downcast eyes, minding no body , but still muttering something to himself.” THE STllEETS OF DUBLIN. mcj Eoman Catholic religion, he deemed it prudent to withdraw to England during the Jacobite regime in Dublin, about which period Eerdoragh O^Daly composed a satire of twenty-one stanzas upon him, in retaliation for his having caused the bard^s brother to be prosecuted and hanged. Dr. O’Donovan tells us that this is one of the bitterest satires in the Irish lan- guage : “ the poet first describes the wicked practices of the astrologer, whom he describes as in league with the devil, and who, since he began to view the moon and the planets, had, with his basilisk eye, destroyed their benign influence, so that the corn fields, the fruit trees, and the grass had ceased to grow ; the birds had forgotten their songs, except the ominous birds of night ; and the young of animals were destroyed in the womb. He then begins to wither this astrologer with imprecations, calls upon various diseases of a violent nature to attack him, and calls down upon him the curses of God, the angels, the saints, and of all good men."’^ During his sojourn in England, Dr. Whalley became a coffee house keeper. After the conclusion of the wars in Ireland, however, he returned to Dublin, and located himself at the ^^Blew pos ts, next door to the Wheel of fortune, on the west side of St. Stephe n’s Green,” where he resumed his practice in "physick and mathematicks,^^ and regularly published his astrological almanacks, styled ^‘'Advice from the stars.'’^ About 1698 Whalley removed to Nicholas'-street, next door to the Eleece tavern,'’"’ where he continued his former avoca- tions, and published in 1701 "^Ptolemy’s Quadripartite, or four books concerning the influences of the stars, faithfully rendered into English from Leo Allatius, with notes, explain- ing the most difficult and obscure passages,^^ which was re- printed in 1786. He also published here the following work, containing 78 pages I2mo, the preface of which is dated from my house in St. Nicholas-street, Dublin, January, 1701’^ : A treatise of eclipses ; in which is shewed: 1. What an eclipse is, and how to know when an eclipse shall happen. 2. The errors of several authors conceiving the longitude, and the astrological handling of eclipses and mundane revolutions in general ; and how the same may be rectified and amended. 3. The undoubted certainty of the Ptolomeian astrology ; and how thereby to judge of eclipses, and the revolutions of the years of the world in general. 4. An astrological judgment of the great eclipse of the sun, the 13th of September, 1699 ; and another as great, which will happen the first of May, 1 706. And on the conjunction of Saturn and Mars, De- ii ■\Wi, IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. cember 1700 : and how far they are like to effect England, Ireland, Scotland, Holland, France, Spain, Germany, and several other parts of Europe. 5. How by the riseing; setting and colours of the sun, moon and other stars, comets and meteors, to judge of the weather, litterally from Ptolomy, translation excepted. The whole subject is new, and full of variety, and never before by any so copiously handled as here it is. By John Wha-lley, professor of physick and astrology. Dublin : Printed and sold by the author John Whalley, next door to the Fleece in Nicholas-street ; and also bv John Foster in Skinner Row, and Matthew Gun in Essex street, booksellers.” We find Whalley in 1709 exercising the trades of printer and publisher, ‘'at the Blew Ball in Arundal court * just with- out St. Nicholas gate/^ in 1711 John Mercer, an extensive dealer in coals, commenced a prosecution against him for having, upon the application of several poor inhabitants ot Dublin, printed their case, addressed to parliament for relief against Mercer as an engrosser or forestaller of coals where- upon Whalley petitioned the house of commons, which ex- onerated him, and directed proceedings to be taken against Mercer “ as a common and notorious cheat, for selling and retailing coals in the city of Dublin by false and deceitful measures.” In 1714 the doctor started a newspaper, styled “Whalley’s News Letter, containing a full and particular account of foreign and domestick news,” and in 1718 pub- lished “ An account of the great eclipse of the moon, winch will be total and visible at Dublin, and to all Ireland, Great Britain, &c., this day, being Bryday, the 29th of August, J 718. Whalley carried on perpetual warfare with the other Irish astrologers and almanack compilers of his day, the princ^al of whom were Andrew Cumpsty, noticed in our paper on Dame - street, John Coats, of Cork, who styled himself “ Urania s servant,” and John Knapp, “at the sign of the Dyal in Meath-street.” To his “ Advice from the stars, or almanac for the year of Christ 1700,” Whalley added an appendix “ concerning the pope’s supremacy ; and the picture of a mathe- maggoty monster, to be seen at the (sign of the) Eoyal exchanp on the Wood-quay, Dublin, or Andrew Cumpsty drawn to the life” But the gravest offender against Whalley was Coats, who, in iiis almanack for 1723, predicted that the former would * This court, which was situated at the eastern extremity of Nicholas- street, was so called from Robert ArundeU, who rented a parcel of ground in its vicinity from the city. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 4 / 5 ^ certainly die in February of that year, or at the longest in two or three months after, which not proving correct, afforded Whalley in his next publication an opportunity of venting his choler upon the false prophet, whom he styled a scandal to astrology,"^ the most obdurate and incorrigible of impostors,'" a baboon," and a hardened villain," concluding with the following professional jargon : But thirdly, to put this whole dispute in yet a much clearer light. The doating numskull placed 9 of cancer on the cusp of the ascendant, and 19 of the same sign on the second, and thereby makes the whole ascendant to be possest by, and contain only 10 degrees of cancer. And when that is told, how Jupiter in 16 de- grees of Aquary, in the 9th, and the moon in 26 of Libra, 18 degrees from^ the cusp in the 5th (as he has given them), can be said to be in trine with the ascendant ; and whether that can consist of only so few degrees, I refer to you who are proper judges to consider, till my next.” Whalley ’s last almanack was published in 1724, which he styled the^ ^^year of darkness," on account of an expected eclipse ; his death took place in Dublin on the 17th of January in the same year, upon which the following lines as his epitaph were circulated through the city : “ Here five foot deep, lies on his back A cohler, starmonger, and quack, Who to the stars in pure good will Does to his best look upward still. Weep all ye customers that use His pills, his almanacks, or shoes. And you that did your fortunes seek. Step to his grave but once a week. This earth which bears his body’s print. You’ll find has so much virtue in’t. That I durst pawn my ears ’twiU tell What e’er concerns you, full as well In physick, stolen goods, or love, As he himself could when above." After Whalley’s death, his widow, Mary Whalley, continued for some time to publish his almanacks, in Bell-alley, off Golden- lane, under the title of '^Whalley's successor's almanack." We find that copper tokens were issued in Nicholas-street in the seventeenth century by James Kelley, and William Eves, merchant; the Sun" and the "^Fleece" taverns were located here in the same century, and continued for many years to be much frequented by the lawyers and others connected with the old Four courts. Edward Ledwich, the pseudo Irish antiquary, was born in Nicholas-street in 1739, and the Prerogative office was held here till the year 1748. George Barrett, the distinguished landscape painter, was in .1 the hush quarterly review. liis youth emuloyed in coloring engravings by Thomas Silcock, a printseller in Nicholas-street ; Edward Sprat, secretary to the Grand Lodge, and editor of “The new hook of tlie con- stitutions of the most antient and honourable fraternity ot Free and accepted Masons/' Svo, 1751, also resided in this On the east side of Nicholas-street, stands “ pniiedy’s- lane so called from having been built about the reign ot James I. by the family of O’Ceinneide, or O’Cineide, who from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, were chiets ot Ormond, in Munster, whence a branch of the clan removed to Dublin, where some of them became eminent merchants, and others distinguished themselves at the Bar in 1591 1601, 1631, and 1683, members of this tamily were 'sheriffs of the city;* by patent dated 3rd October, * The following particulars of the history of the this ancient Roman Catholic family are now published for the first time. The baron’s brother, alderman Walter Kennedy, re- sided in High-street, where he traded as a merchant, in partners ip whh aM^rman Robert Kennedy and Keal Naghten, and died in 1672 having accumulated a very large property, and purchased, anaon^ other lands an estate at Clondalkin, the title deeds of whmh having been stolen from’ him in 1641, the representatives of Browne, the late tor carried on litigation for nearly a century, endeavouring, from the pos- session of the fraudently acquired documents, to re-obtam the pioper y. Walter Kennedy’s son Christopher, likewise became a merchant, and S in 1695, leaving two sons Walter and Thomas : the former died without issue in 1709, and the latter having, at an early age, served as a comet in Tyrconnell’s regiment, was appointed aide de-camp to ih® ^uke, who presented him with his portrait painted in miniature, still prese L the family and at present in the Dublin Exhibition. Thomas Ken- nedy was on terms of close intimacy with Tyrconnell, and Sen^^ally re- ffarded as his favorite aide-de-camp ; after the capitulation at Limerick, he retired to France, where he attained the rank of colonel, and ^^06 ' Elizabeth daughter of Marinus Van Vryberge, “deputy to the assembly of the states general, and envoy of their high mightinesses in England ” Van Vryberge, who died in 1710, was highly esteemed y auee/Aniie, who presented him with her picture and a collection of valu^blfbooks with the royal arms of England stamped on the covers- levS of which, with his miniature in enamel are still Preserved Kennedy resided at Brussels, where he had three children , and m 17 7 wrfind tha^ from the English government to raise two hundred Roman Catholics in Ireland towards completing ^ eg - r^ent T Irish, which was to enter into the service of C^s III. ot o • Tn 171R lie was driving to hunt at some distance from &s l ^.appentdTo C?0SS th*e road, and the duchess of Olden- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 4 ^ 2 / 1625, the office of chief remembrancer was granted to Eobert Kennedy and John Kennedy, esqrs., which they held till 1634; and in 1660 this office was again granted to sir Eichard Kennedy and Thomas Kennedy, by whom it was retained till 1673. Sir Eichard was appointed baron of the court of the exchequer in 1660, and obtained consider- able grants of land, including 4,571 acres in the county of Carlow, 802 in the county of Kilkenny, and 262 acres in Wicklow, where the name of the family is still preserved in Newtown-mount-Kennedy, which gave the title of baronet to sir Eichard Kennedy, who died in 1681, and left two sons, sir William, attainted of high treason in 1702, and sir Eobert Kennedy, baronet, who married Trances, daughter of Ealph Howard of Shelton, co. Wicklow, by whom he had two sons, Eichard and Howard : the latter died without issue, and the former married Elizabeth, daughter of sir Trancis Blake, baronet, of Oxfordshire, and had an only daughter, Elizabeth Kennedy, who married sir William Dudley, baronet' Jioulder; but m its discharge, the barrel exploded, and wounded Kennedy mortally. About 1720, his widow, Elizabeth Vryberge came to Ireland with her son, and died in 1735, having married her husband s first cousin, Walter Kennedy, a barrister of eminence, who recovered by law a considerable quantity of property which had passed out of the family at the Revolution, and of whom we find the following notice. “ Wednesday night last (24th Febru- ary^ 1748) died of a mere decay of nature in the 90th year of his age, at his house on Arran-quay, Walter Kennedy, esq., a very affable, polite and accomplished gentleman, well acquainted with the Belles lettres. He has obliged posterity with some fruits of his learning (which was very extensive), both m prose and verse ; but out of humility were published without his name. In his younger days he was bred an officer ; but his great love for study engaged him to quit the military life, and apply to the law, m which he made a most considerable progress ; but his bril- liancy was in a very great measure eclipsed by his not pleading at the bar, of which he was deprived by being a Roman Catholic. He was con- versant with several persons of distinction in Paris, where he was educa- ^d, and in London, where he resided after making the tour of Flanders, Germany, and Italy. He had two brothers, who were both killed in France, one in a duel, and the other by street robbers. He had two asters, the one m^ried to the lord Oliphant, and the other to Thomas Plunket, esq., of Port Marnock. He was twice married ; first, to Mrs. Elizabeth, relict of his cousin german, Thomas Kennedy, esq., of Fins- town, near Clondalkin, and lieutenant colonel of Devinish s regiment (which was in the Imperial service) and daughter of count Vryberee pkmpotentiary from the States to the court of Great Britain, in the reign w queen Anne; after her decease, he was married to Jane, relict of rw"®.’ Leigh, esq., of Cullen, in the county of Westmeath; by whom he hath left a very sprightly female 39 the IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. im of Clopton, Northamptonshire. Sir Richard Kennedy, who, was sheriff of the county of Dublin in 1709, having been killed in a duel with Mr. Dormer, his widow re-married with lord Rrederic Howard, son of Thomas duke of Norfolk. A suit at law was subsequently commenced for the Mount Kennedy estate between those in remainder, and lady Dudley, as only daughter of sir Richard Kennedy, ob, tamed on it a rent charge of £500 per annum, in satisfaction of her ^ In Kennedy's lane, during the years immediately succeeding the Restoration, was the residence of Rather Peter Walsh, the learned Irish Pranciscan, at whose chambers here was drawn up and signed the circular letter summoning the national assembly of the Roman Catholic clergy to meet at Dublin m June, 1666. Walsh was constantly consulted by the most emi- nent persons connected with Irish politics at that period, and at child, about fo^ears old. His remains were very privately but de- cently interred in St. James’s churchyard, pursuant to his own orders : ‘ Kennedus voluit media de nocte sepulchre Inferri, ac nullas prorsus adesse faces. Non factum ratione caret, carissima quando Nec sibi lampas, luxque corusca fuit.’ ” Ater the death of his mother, the family estates devolved upon colonel Kennedv’s son Marinus James, who married Henrietta Creagh, niece to the duke of Ormond, and had two sons, Thomas and Walter, who were educated in France, during his sojourn in which Marinus had much communication with prince Charles Edward, who presented him with a medal, struck before he had set out for Scotland, presenting a profile of the prince, inscribed ‘‘Carolus Walli® Prin- ceps;” the reverse represents Britannia standing on the sea shore, her right hand on a shield, the left grasping a spear ; the cliffs of Eng- land appear in the back ground, and a fleet is seen approaching the land, above which is the inscription “ Amor et spes, and underneath is the word “ Britannia.” This medal, which is of great rarity, owing to the die having broken, in consequence of a flaw, before many impressions were struck, is still preserved and the Exhibition in this city. The death of Marinus occurred in 1763 at his residence, Clondalkm castle, co. Dublin, was believed to have been caused by strangulation, as several large sums of gold were abstracted from his house at the time ; his successor, Thomas Kennedy, who had been apprenticed to the house of Hope, a Amsterdam, and subsequently had passed some time m Cad^, was one of the most distinguished musical amateurs of his time m Dublin, and the associate and intimate friend of Kane O Kara, Neale, lord Arran and lord O’Neil. He married m 1764 Frances Arabella daughter of Dr. John Fergus, the most phylician in Dublin in his day, and ^ grft collector of books and manuscripts. The latter, after his death in 170 » chased by Trinity College, Dublin, with the e^eption of an ancient Irish collection in two folio volumes, styled Liber flavus Fergus- THE STREETS OF DUBLIN". 1^23 his residence in Kenned/s lane was transacted much impor- tant business connected with the affairs of the Irish Eoman Catholics, and the differences which at that period existed among their clergy concerning their political relations with the Pope and the king of England. A more notorious character was, however, at the same period connected with Kennedy's lane in the person of James OTinachty, a native of Connacht, and styled in his own time the wonder-working priest,” who, notwithstanding the fame which he acquired in the seventeenth century, is probably unknown to most of our readers. Einachty was originally a servant to “one Eather Moor, an old venerable Jesuit, and skilful exorcist,” from whom he ac- siorum,” or the “Yellow book of clan Fergus,” which, together with a miniature of him, are preserved by his descendants in the fe- male line ; the male branch having become extinct by the death of his only son. Dr. Macarius Fergus, in 1763. In the penal times the property of the Kennedy family, during various minorities, had repeat- edly been altogether entrusted to their Protestant friends, and notwith- standing the facilities for its embezzlement afforded by the laws “ to pre- vent the further growth of Popery,” no portion of their possessions was ever lost by a betrayal of confidence,” In 1776, Walter Kennedy, taking advantage of the “ Gavel act,’’ “gavelled” or divided the family estate, subsequent to which, Thomas Kennedy was appointed pro-col- lector of the county Dublin, and died in 1791. Walter Kennedy, who was a poet of some talents, died in 1790, leaving a son, Marinus James, who served in Germany and Spain, and afterwards, on the admission of Roman Catholics to the British army, entered the 18th royal Irish regiment, served in Egypt and India, and subsequently joined the 14th regiment, in which he highly distinguished himself, and was killed leading a storming party in 1811, at Cornells in Java, under sir Rollo Gillespie ; having before lost an arm in the same service. The prize money to which he was entitled amounted to 109,000 rupees. Thomas Kennedy left two sons, Marinus and Macarius, the former so distinguished himself in the university of Dublin, that he was invited to stand for a fellow- ship, which he declined in consequence of his religion. He was a promi- nent member of the grenadier company of the lawyer’s corps, and sur- vived to the present year. His brother Macarius, a solicitor, was father of Thomas Kennedy, barrister, a member of the original “Comet club,” and founder and editor of the “Irish Monthly Magazine,” pub- lished from May, 1831, to September, 1834. Thomas Kennedy died in 1840, leaving three brothers, Marinus, Macarius, and Philip, the first of whom represents the families of Kennedy and Fergus ; and the second en- tered as a cadet, and served through the campaigns of 1832-3-4, in the Liberating army of Portugal, was severely wounded in the throat by a ball at the siege of Oporto, and for his distinguished services recom- mended by colonel Williams for the order of the “ Tower and sword,” and was subsequently appointed lieutenant in the Royal regiment of grenadiers, commanded by colonel Dodgin, C.B. L/'l ^ THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEVT. quired a knowledge of exorcising or driving out evil spirits from persons supposed to be tormented by them, according to the ceremonies prescribed in the rituals and in the ''Flagellum Dmmonum/" and other works on demonology. Having en- tered the priesthood, he was entrusted with the care of a pa- rish in the diocese of Tuam ; but being seized with a strong belief that God had endowed him with the power of curing diseases by exorcism, he began to practise about the year 1657 ; and it having been reported that he enjoyed miracu- lous powers of dispossessing devils, and healing all sorts of maladies, the result was that " he drew the world after him, not only Catholic but Protestants ; in so much, that he had often a thousand, sometimes fifteen hun- dred, nay, two or three thousand who followed him, even through bogs, woods, mountains and rocks, and desert places whithersoever the people heard him to have fled from the persecution of Cromweirs troops or governors; that priests enough could not be had (though many accompanied him of purpose) to hear the confessions of the great multitude drawui to repentance and resolutions of a new life, by the example of his life, and wonder of his works.^^ These proceedings were, however, regarded with suspicion by several " grave and judicious churchmen,^^ and a general disbelief in Finachty's miraculous powers was entertained by a number of Irish Franciscans, then residing in London, where his preten- sions w^ere argued against to the community by Father Bonaventure O'Melaghlin, an Irish Franciscan, and "one who had gone through almost all promotions, i. e. all both local and provincial supervisorships of his own order in the province of Ireland at home, who had been several times guardian, once vicar-provincial, and then pro-minister provincial, going from Ireland to the general chapter in Spain, there to be one of the Yocals, as representing the person of the then Franciscan minister, pro- vincial of Ireland/^ This divine reprobated the idea that God allowed devils to afflict so many people in Ireland as were said to have been exorcised by him, and asserted that " such as Fi- nachty himself, or they themselves, pretended to have been cured by him of any visible disease (from what cause soever flowing) were observed to have very soon after relapsed into their former evil, or rather indeed not to have been at all really cured by him.^^ In 1662 the duke of Ormond, then lord lieutenant, THE STREETS OP DUBLIK. being desirous to obtain accurate information relative to the proceedings of Finachtj, commanded Father Peter Walsh to look particularly and singularly after him, and see he abused the people no longer, by going about so like a mountebank, cheating all the nation ; nay, and bringing his countrymen also into suspicion of some bad design amongst them ; and this neither unjustly nor at all ungroundlessly, if his proces- sion about the kingdom, and the multitudes every where flock- ing to him be considered, together with all other circumstances of time, and present conjuncture of public affairs/^ The results of these inquiries were reported as follows : — ** ^ mediation of some friends he had the summer past of that same year 1662, before the lord lieutenant’s landing, procured, or at least obtained a pass from some of the great ones in authority, to go freely where he pleased about Ireland, and accord- ingly had gone from province to province, and consequently also had met, and drawn after him many hundreds in some places, in other many thousands of people, some expecting to be healed by him of their inhrmities, others (who were incomparably the greater number) to be satisfied in their curiosity. 2. That he had also in many coun- tries, or counties, solemnly dedicated, blessed, and hallowed even some common wells or springs abroad in the fields, giving the said wells special titles, in imitation of the more famed, ancient, and commonly esteemed miraculous wells in this kingdom of Ireland those I mean of St. Brigid in Connacht, and St. John Baptist neer Dublin, whither people go in pilgrimage : and that his admirers did not scruple to affirm, he had by his blessing communicated to the said wells of his own, or dedicated by him, part of his own efficacious and supernatural wonder-working virtue, to cure all diseases. 3. lhat however, being encouraged by, and relying on his pass, he had proceeded thus, as in triumph, of one side of the kingdom, out of Connaught to Munster, and from Thurles in Munster down to Ceinster, till he came within five miles of Dublin, received in all places, entertained, reverenced, honoured, admired not only by the cominon people, but by the gentry, nobility, knights, lords, ladies, and clergy too ; and by many also presented with gifts, which he never refused. 4. That at Cluansillach* (five miles from Dublin), the last of any place so near the capital city, where his miraculou^s scenes were for that time presented, a vast number both out of the city, and adjacent counties thronged about him so, that some of them were trodden almost to death. 5. That from thence he returned back to his own countrey, by an other way than that he came by : but and especially where ever he saw a great multitude, practising Still (as his manner and delight was to practise in the open fields Clon?UI?“‘'^ Cfecm-sai/eicA-thcplain of the willows-corrupted into the hush quarterly review-. 1^1 to tfcbi amongst great multitudes) dispossessing of deviis, from ^ himselfalone was pleased to judge possessed, and curing too, or al least pretending and attempting to cure all other diseases by Paying, and exorcising, and touching, and crossing, and stroakmg, and (some- times also for some diseases) by blowing vehemently and laboriously to^Tntothe ears of the diseased party. 6. And last y, that some Protestants also having gone of purpose to see him, really, to desire his helping hand, but others only to be satished by seeing what good or not he did to any, there wanted not amongst theZ nay Ind amongst the very Catholics too both men and women, some persons, or rather indeed too many returned ex- tremely unsatisfied, looking unto all his feats as meer cheats and impostm'e, while others cried up several of them for true and great miLcles : and that from the former dissatisfied persons the informa- tion given to the lord lieutenant had proceeded. Notwithstanding Einachty’s reputed success, his advocates were unable to prove any cure actually effected by him. Geoffrey Brown and sir Bichard Beling,* two eminent Boman Catholics, hrmly believed in his miraculous powers and although he failed to cure Beling of the gout, the latter applied to the duke of Ormond to grant him permission to practise in Dublin, but ceased to urge his request when the lord lieutenant represented to him the contempt likely to be brought upon his religion in the event of failure; adding, If Bather Binachty come to Dublin, and do but one miracle only of all the incredible numbers reported, he shall lye even in my own bed here within the king's castle,^ and be as sate and free as I, to come and go at his pleasure. Meanwhile the reports of Binachty's proceedings having reached England, he was, through the medium ^ the queen's chaplains. Dr. Hughes and Bather > alias ‘^captain Bower," afterwards bishop of Clonlert, brought to London to operate upon a, blind Portuguese countess, then at the English court. Although his attempts to restore the lady’s sight were a complete failure, he confidently requested lord Aubigny, the queens almoner, to obtain leave for him to demonstrate his powers by publicly curing any number of invalids that mig i e co - leoted for that purpose. This offer having been declined, Tinaohtj returned to Dublin, where he again failed to lelieve a supposed demoniac whom he had expressly brought to exhibit * Tor a notice of Beling, see ImsH QuABinKcy Kkview, Vol. II. 66. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. his skill upon at lord FingaFs house ; and although he was said to have performed cures at lady White's in Leixlip, lady Don- gan's at Castle-town, and at sir Andrew Aylmer’s at Donadea, the Roman Catholic priests of those places declared him to be an impostor, an opinion which very generally prevailed among the clergy, who were incensed at discovering that he was carrying on intrigues at Rome to procure himself appoint- ed bishop of Elphin ; others were disgusted by his avarice, for he received “ all was offered him in any place by some well meaning but deluded people, both rich and poor, viz., horses, watches, gold, silver, pieces of woollen and linen cloth, &c., which, said they, argued him not to be a man of so much as ordinary either grace or virtue, much less of extraordinary holiness, or miraculous gifts." Others, and to instance one, viz., Father Dominick Dempsy, a venerable, old and experienced Franciscan of known repute, affirming in the convent of Clane, That the said Finachty’s very pretence of exorcising and dispossessing devils, was, to their knowledge, a lying cheat of his own ; that his custom was to get a multitude together in some open field, and there (being encircled by them, while every one of the simpler sort looked on him as an undoubted wonderworker) to single out before them all some young maid, then to say she had been possessed by the Devil ; and (if she denied it) to box* her, and bang her lustily, until she (being so confounded before the people, and to be rid of the shame, by yielding to him) had confessed what he pleased, and answered all his interrogatories as he would, and led her himself to the answer, during his exorcising her.” Large numbers of people, however, continued to follow Finachty, and to throng to him from the country, to be cured, in consequence of which it was at one period contemplated by the Protestant divines to have him tried in the ecclesiastical court ^‘‘for a wizard or an im- postor and at a meeting of the Roman Catholic clergy in Dublin it was proposed to prohibit his practising in the city, and to command him away as an impostor, or at least a brain-sick man." Shortly afterwards. Father Walsh ob- tained an interview with Finachty, in compliance with the instructions of the lord lieutenant, and found him sufficiently satisfied withhis own miraculous powers to request permission from the duke of Ormond to make a public exhibition of curing any number of diseased persons that could be collected. The lord lieutenant being then absent from Dublin, the desired licence could not be immediately obtained, meantime Finaebtv THE IRISH aUARTERLY REVIEW. continued his proceedings in Dublin, in the manner described as follows by the reverend Father Walsh ; « One day not finding him at home in his own lodgings, or in those where I had seen him last, and being directed where he was at dinner, and coming thither, and finding the door shut, and a great many people of the ordinary sort, men, women, boyes, girls, before and on each side of the door abroad in the open street, some standing, some sate down upon the stones being weary, and all staying his leisure to be admitted in to him, in order to be cured by him, as they expected, I took this opportunity of seeing his practice, which I had not seen before, nor indeed after desired to see. He w’as just after dmner, with some citizens, men and women, yet not risen from the table when 1 came in. I told him before them all, how I had seen such a number in the open street, expecting his leisure, and thought they should be rather admitted in, and dispatched as soon as could be oim after another, than be an occasion of needless talk of him by the Protes- tants that passed by. Whereupon, they being about twenty or thirty, or thereabouts, were presently admitted, and led into another room, and he as confidently, as if he had the very true wonder-working virtue of Peter the apostle, or of Christ himself, begins immediately to exorcise and cross, and pray over each of them one after another, I standing by his side, and observing all his words and actions very attentively. Some complained of their head, others of their back, others of their shoulders, several of aches in other parts, one of weakness of sight, some of deafness in their ears, &c., but none of all these or those, had any visible disease, nor complained of spirits save onely one boy, whose eyelids had been almost quite closed toget^r, and one girle that pretended she was troubled with fairies. His prayer and exorcism was very short, and said without book, ms crosses he began first in the limb that ailed ; thence hayng driven the pain (as he said, or they answered) to other parts, he followed it thither with crossing, and praying, and conjuring, till after some two attempts, commonly two or three at most, the patient, w hen put the question by him, answered at last, he or she w' as cured. VV hich being answered, he bid such party go on the other side of the room, and give God thanks on bended knees. In the mean time he fell to another, and so to all one after another, as many as he could dispatch. The difference I perceived in his manner of curing, or pretending to cure, was. That besides exorcising, praying, and cross- ing, he used to blow very long and very strong into the ears of such who complained of deafness, or pain in that organ, laying his mouth on the affected ear, and blowing so vehemently hard thereinto, that it must have been both painful to himself, and naturally (i.e., ^^^^out any miracle at all) in some measure effectual to work in that affected organ some alteration. But whether so or no, I was not much con- cerned, because I could not perceive anything or sign of the deafness or other evil of their ears who complained of them, as neither of the cure done to them or others, whose neither disease or cure was visible to, or perceiveable by any third person. This made me long to see the blind boy taken in hand. When his turn came, I judged THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 4 2 ^ him to be aged about 12, 13, or 14 years at most, and there was none present but must have judged and be certain he was stark blind ; which was the reason I was very intent upon him while under the exorcisor’s hand. But to no purpose at last, than to see the poor boy cross’d several times on both his eyes, and a short prayer made over him, and a white handkerchief pulled out, and hung betwixt his eyes, and the light of a window (against which he had been directly placed with his face to that light), and then demanded by the said exorcist Father Finachty, whether he could see anything? And the boy answering, he could not : and therefore again the second time prayed and practised over, and then also the second time (upon hanging of the same handkerchief as before) ask’d by the same exor- cist, whether he could see now anything? And the boy returning again the aforesaid answer, and everyone at present observing by their own seeing or looking on the boyes eyelids, there was nothing at all done, no kind of change, and Father Finachty thereupon (i.e., so soon as the boy had the second time answered, he could see nothing at all) very carelessly, without any further ceremony or notice taken thereof, giving over and turning from this blind boy, to some other of those by, that expected their turn, but had no visible disease or evil, and practising upon them. When I had so particularly ob- served this of that blind boy, what my lord Clancarty had long before told me, presently came to my mind, viz., that in his own presence at Thurls, Finachty disowned the power of curing raeer natural diseases. It remained therefore now, that I should see him practise on the young girle, that was said to be troubled with spirits, or fairies. For it growing late, there was an ordinary countrey- woman standing by that came to me, and pray’d me to speak to him for her daughter, a young well-complexioned girle of about thirteene or fourteene years old, that they might be dispatched in time, as having two miles to go out of town that evening to Crumling* (a vil- lage near Dublin) where she said she dwelled. I asked the woman what her daughter ailed? She answered that lately her girle having gone abroad into the fields, she returned home much troubled with some apparition of spirits she had there seen, and continued ever since troubled with them, especially at night. This occasion I em- braced the more willingly, that I doubted not his extraordinary gift (if any he had) consisted only in exorcising spirits, or curing such distempers as commonly proceeded (or at least were supposed to proceed) from such evils, spirits or fairies ; though, at the same time, I considered well enough not only that there nothing was visi- ble to, nor perceptible by any other of us there present of any such afflicting that young maid, but also that meer imagination, and heat of blood, or some other accident distempering her brain, might have made her apprehend the trouble of spirits, where all the evil was from other causes, and such as were natural in her own body or constitution. However, because I thought withall she was such a • Now Crumlin — a corruption of the Irish Cruim ghlinn, literally tlie crooked glen. sort of demoniack as all the very worst of those (in that country then) commonly reputed demoniacks by him and his admirers, I was desirous to see on this occasion the method of his practice on such. And there- fore prayed him to turn to that maid, and examine both herself and mother, and then proceed with her as he thought fit, because it was growing late, and they had a longer way to go than others that night. He yields readily, and seems glad of the opportunity, when I told him she was said to be troubled with spirits. And, after some few questions put by him to the mother in publick before us all, he says he must speak in private to the girl, and thereupon takes her away with him to another more private room, where none was but he and she together, and there remains so for a pretty while, I sup- pose examining herself more strictly ; though it seemed somewhat strange to me, that at least desire me to goe along with him, and be present all the while (at least in the same room) at any even whatsoever such private examination, the rather, that I was the only church-man with him that whole afternoon. At last he calls for me, and with me as many of the rest go as pleased, or could well stand in the small room where he was. We found the young girl placed by him in a chair just against the window, that is, her face turned thither, and the casement opened. Then he stands over her, falls to his formal adjurations, and after he had signed her several times with the cross on the head and fore-head, within a while asks her, where she felt her evil ? and upon her answer, that in her neck, or shoulder, arme, or side, &c., pursues it, still from limb to limb with crossing that part of her body, and continuing still his exorcism. Then he de- mands again and again, was she well yet, or did she feel it elsewhere ? Sometime she answered, she was well and felt nothing any more, but then he box’d her, and told her she lyed ; and then also, but after some further adjuration by him, she crys here, or there, viz., in some other part of her body ; where he pursues it in the same method till he comes down to her feet, and then rubs hard, or rather strikes, or stroaks hard her foot with his own over it in a sloping manner, so that her toe was the last he touched with his sole, as pretending to drive out the devil from that last habitation, or retreat of his into her toe. Then bids her look stedfastly through the casement or opening of the window, and tell what she had seen there, and how many go out that way. And, if she demurred upon her answer, threatens her, and so leads her to confess she had seen some go out. Then again he asked her what more did she see ? or did she not see a great mountain far off, and a great fire upon it, and a great number of black fellows fighting, and killing, and chopping one another in pieces, and throwing also one another into the fire? when she had answered yes, then he renews more vehemently his conjurations. Wherein (as I took particular notice) he used even from the begin- ning of his exorcisme, to insert a special command to ta hundred thousand devils, enjoyning them to come from hell and carry away that evil spirit, companion of theirs, or those many such that pos- sessed or molested this creature of God, and to leave her thenceforth free from their vexation, &c. But it seemed, nevertheless, even by his own confession in that very place and time, before and to us all I THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ^ 3 / present, that some of these evil spirits (at least some of those pre- tended by him to have possessed her) continued still extream refrac- tory and stubborn. For after he had tyred himself, and well nigh wearied the beholders (at least me, I am sure), it growing very late, andhe having once more asked the girl, whether she did not find herself well ? and she answering yea, he told her she lyed ; and then converting himself to the beholders, but particularly to the mother, declared, she was strongly yet possessed, she must come or be brought to him again at better leasure, and that he must take much more paines with her than he could for that present. Whereupon all parted. How well satisfied others were, I know not ; but sure I am I was myself much troubled at all I had seen and heard ; not being void even of some suspitious thoughts coming on me (whether I would or no), that the reason of his retiring first in private with the girl, was only to catechise her how to behave herself, and answer to the questions he should put her in publick as soon as he called us in. However, I clearly saw he gave no proofs that day of any miraculous gift for curing either the one or other sort of diseases ; I mean, either those proceeding immediately from some extraordinary diabolical opera- tion, or those which have other immediate ordinary causes visible or natural. And^ yet I dared not judge that he had no such gift, although he failed that time ; but rather, would even then perswade myself he might have it in some occasions, and in order to some per- sons, according to the good pleasure and mercy of God : being con- tinued even then in so favorable an opinion of him by the returning memory of what was lately w ritten of him from London, and what some others told me, but especially of what Geoffrey Brown related. And yet withal I could not but judge out of what I had myself that day seen, his great proffer could be no less than subject to a very great contingency. Notwithstanding which judgment of mine and of many others too, declared again and again by myself to him, I saw his confidence always such in demanding licence for the more public tryal before mentioned, that I would even shut my own eyes a little longer, and see only with his. Which was the reason that upon his coming to lye at one Mr. Raughter’s (his own countrey-man), in Kennedy-lane within two or three doors to my lodging, I not only visited him again early in a morning, but (finding him there on his knees all alone at his private devotions) desired him to sign with the sign of the cross myself, from the crowne of my head to the very soales of my feet, in every part of my body, and pray over me*; telling him I had a little spice of the scurvy for many years, encreas- ing still more and more by my sedentary life, and though not with pain, yet often with weakness, and numbness of my arms and legs, besides other evident signs thereof, especially spots of all colours of the rainbow to-day appearing, and next day again disappearing. And certainly during all the time he signed my liinbs, and prayed over me, he standing, and I kneeling’, no man I think could ever have less prejudice or more resignation than I had, even in order I mean to his gift, or effect thereof on myself : being as before and after, so at that time resolved not to frame any judgment of him out of his want of success on me, nay nor on any other one, or more persons whatsoever THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. practised on in private, but to suspend my judgment till I had seen the success of the public tryal himself desired. So far was I all along unto the very last from either disaffection to, or prejudice against Father Finachty. Though as neither in, or from this prac- tice, or effect thereof on myself : so neither in, or from that I had seen of his on others, I could see any argument for him.” The lord lieutenant, on his return to Dublin, was informed of Einachty^s request for permission to cure publicly any number of invalids that might be produced, to which the duke was pressed to accede, that the priesEs miraculous powers might be finally tested. Ormond, after some hesitation, agreed to grant the required licence, and on Einachty re-assert- ing his readiness to cure, indiscriminately, persons afflicted with every variety of disease, his excellency promised that everything should be prepared for the public trial in two or three days : — Much about that same time,” continues Walsh, « Father Finachty sent and came also himself to let me know, he had now stayed six whole weeks in town expecting that licence, and occasion ; adding, that he could stay no longer for it (but would depart to Connaught) if not suddenly granted. He withal soon after, and early in the morning sends me word, that he would say mass privately in my lodging, and accordingly comes, and says in a private oratory I had there, myself serving him at mass. When he had done, and was come down and sat at a fire (for it was winter and cold weather) ready to drink his morning’s draught with a toast, which was pre- paring him there, he complaining of weakness, and drowth, by rea- son of the continual sweat every night, whereunto he had been for some days before and then subject, in comes to that same room, un- expectedly, sir William Petit,* knight, a learned acute physitian, and great traveller, and with him another ingenious young gentleman, Mr. Robert Southwel, likewise for some years a traveller in other parts of Europe, both of them Protestants, and both of my acquain- tance. I, having known nothing of their coming or cause thereof, did think they only came to see myself, as at least Mr. Southwel used sometimes to do. But it appeared after, that sir William Petit was commanded by the lord lieutenant to go together with one doctor Yarner another Protestant physitian, and find me out, and tell me how the sick persons were now in town, and all other matters ready of * For a memoir of sir W. Petty, see the essay on his “ Survey of Ireland,” A.D, 1655-6, Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II. Sir Robert Southwell, above referred to, was born near Kinsale in 1635; he was appointed privy counsellor to Charles II., and employed as envoy to Portugal, Flanders, and Brandenburgh ; William III. created him secretary of state for Ireland, and he died in 1702, having been five times elected president of the Royal Society. THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. ^33 their side, and bid me therefore give notice thereof to Father Finachty that he might fix his day, his place, and company he would have present m his sme. Now because sir William could not meet then with l^octor Yarner, he brought along with him Mr. Southwell, who both could shew him the way to my lodgings, and was willing enough to come u^n such an occasion, which suspended the thoughts of many. A his was the cause of their coming, as my lord lieute- nant told me after at night; for they did not, as being surprised with a sudden • curiosity, when they saw one with me, and that to their question asking me aside, who it was ? I answered, he was a person they would perhaps desire to be acquainted with, even the tamed wonder-working priest Father James Finachty. For I had no sooner told them so, then without any further reply or ceremony, they both go to the fire where he sate, and sitting down by him ^ho seemed at first to take no great notice of them) sir William Fetty being next him begins to speak to him in this manner, or at least (1 am sure) to this purpose : Father, I have of a long time heard much of you, and lately much more than formerly. For my own 7 occasion, and for what concerns religion, as a piece of white paper. You may write in my soul what you please as to the way of worshipping God, if you attest that way by plain miracle. And therefore if you do by your prayer remove this wart which you see on my finger (and thereupon showed that finger of his hand, and the wart thereon) I will presently declare myself of your reli- gion. feo soon as I heard sir William out, I thought it high time for me to interpose, as knowing his acuteness in philosophy, and Father Finachty s du ness even in matters of divinity. And therefore I desired sir William to consider better of what he proposed; and how unstable it was to the ordinary custom we read of saints in- voking God, and applying themselves immediately to him for a fa- vour above nature to such as desired their intercession Which being over, he recollects himself again; and attacks anew Father r inachty, telling him, that he had in truth an infirmity which was very troublesome to him. I am purblind, F ather (says he) I can read at such or such a distance very near my eyes ; but cannot a word at any other wherein others do. If you will cure me of this trouble- some ii^rmity, I shall humbly and religiously acknowledge, as I ought, God s both merciful and wonderful hand therein. I had by chance walked over towards the window on the other side of the room, when, and as soon as sir William had ended these few words of his lat^ proposal. But sooner than I was half way returned back, 1 saw Father Finachty first standing up, then saying to sir William, * Get us try ; and then also immediately advancing a few steps and kneeling, his back being turned to them, and his face to the wall ; and consequently by private prayer to God, preparing himself to his other ex^cise, viz., both of praying audibly over, and visibly cross- ing sir Williain s eyes, and invoking God to cure him there in all our presence. I was truly much perplexed at the suddenness of the Father s resolution ; but had no time to consider when the foresaid two gentlemen sir William and Mr. Southwel came where I stood, asking me very concernedly, what they should do ? What (said I) TllJ;; JKISH UUARTERT.Y REVIEW. other than to lay yourselves likewise to your knees reverently behind him, and pray heartily, but first preparing yourselves inwardly with a lively faith and hope and love of God, and consequently, with a true and full repentance of all your sins, and effectual resolutions of a new life, and then beg of God, that for the passion of his own vbeloved our Saviour Christ, your incredulity or other sins, may not obstruct his mercy or his grace to be shewn (said I to you sir William) by the ministry of that good man, who now prepares to practice on, and invoke God over you. ^ Whereupon the two gen^tle- men laid themselves immediately to their knees, and I also with them on mine, praying devoutly. As soon as Father Finachty rose, I gave him a priestly stole to put about his neck, and the Aspersorium to sprinkle them first with holy water; both which he used, as the manner is. Then having placed sir William standing betwixt him and the light of the window, he himself also standing, falls a crossing both the purblind eyes, and saying loud in all our hearing a short Latin prayer, and a prayer too proper only for eyes. And then having done his whole exercise over (I know not whether once onely, or oftener) he bid sir William take the Bible, and try whether he could read it in the same distance other men do commonly. Sir William takes the book very readily, and was so desirous and hopetul too of amendment (as himself said presently) that at the first opening of the book he thought his sight mightily mended ; but then imme- diately finding his own errour, and that he could not read but as before, he tells Father Finachty, how it was. Whereupon all the former method of crossing and praying was repeated the seco^nd time by the Father ; and the second time also was sir W illiam desired by him to try again whether he could read the book otherwise than before. But upon sir William trying so the second time, and then answering, he could not. Father Finachty, without further attempt or ceremony, or word spoken by him, turns aside, pulls off his stole, puts on his hat, goes over to,’and takes his former seat at the fire with his back turned to us, even as unconcernedly as might be. Sir William, perceiving there was no more to be expected, puts on also his hat, comes to me at the window, and asks whether I l^d ever rea^ any thing in necromancy ? I answered, I had not. Truly (says he) no more have I in all my life until within these two days, when by ineer chance, going to a certain house in town, I lighted on a book which I am now to show you, and withal thereinto a word, the very prayer that Father Finachty hath now prayed over my eyes, t or in my reading so lately this book through, I remember that very ^orm ot prayer amongst others to be therein. Which having said, he draws out of his pocket a thick octavo Latin book, in a fair writing Italian or Roman hand, the title thereof pretending it to have been written by Frater Petrus Lombardus minor in civitate magna Alexandrise, and the subject altogether necromancy ; as by turning it over and looking on the schemes and prayers, and other matters, I <^ould no myself but presently see ; as neither can I deny, that the very same prayer of Father Finachty was immediately turned to by sir William, and showed to me before I looked further into that book : only, to my best remembrance there was some little alteration o THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. some few words ; but an alteration I confess that was nothing: ma- terial.” Petty thereupon offered to wager one hundred pounds in gold, that he would cure as many as Pinachty out 'of a given num- ber, and entered into a discourse to prove that the supposed cures performed by the priest were purely effected by the ima- gination ; that his object in collecting large numbers together was a reliance on the probability that some of these individuals might, at the time, be actually recovering from their previous sickness, which Vv^as never reflected upon by the vulgar, who as- cribed their restoration to the miraculous agency of the operator. And so, adds our author, leaving me the foresaid book of necromancy for a day or two, to peruse it through at my lei- sure ; he and Mr. Southwell parted without so much as sa- luting, or bidding good morrow to, or taking at all further notice of Father Pinachty, though sitting still at the fire in the same room, but in truth regarding them as little, or at least seeming not to regard them, nor be at all concerned in them, or their talk, for he could not but hear every word.'’^ On the night succeeding this incident, the lord lieutenant informed Walsh that arrangements had been made for Pinachty to per- form publicly on the following day, the selection of the place being left to himself ; Drs. Yarner and Petty undertaking to produce the necessary number of invalids. When this was communicated to Pinachty, he seemed much troubled, stated that his health was then too much impaired to permit him to go through the exorcisms, and added that the trial should be deferred until he had returned from Connacht, whither he in- tended to journey on tlie following day, there being then in town some horses returning that way, which, as belonging to friends of his, were offered to him whereby to save charges.’^ In reply to this, Walsh pointed out to Pinachty his inconsis- tency in thus shrinking from the public trial which he had so long solicited, and offered, moreover, to be him- self at the expense of his journey to Connacht, saying in conclusion, you shall have for as long as you will this , chamber, and that closet with the books in it, and the private oratory above your head, and a servant to attend you, and meat and drink (and physick too if you please), and whatever else even company or loneliness, untill you find yourself recruited perfectly wherein you think yourself decayed : and I THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. l/'ifa • 63 ^ will, in the mean time, both excuse you and put off the day of public appearance till then.'’^ Moved by these arguments, Finachty promised to remain and appear on the following day ; on this assurance, says Walsh, I took leave with him for that night, not doubting the sincerity of his promise, and left him there in my own chamber, and bed, leaving also, one to attend and serve him if he had wanted anything, and went myself to lye in the private oratory that was in the same house over his head. But I was scarce out of my bed, when unexpectedly, even by the break of day, I saw him even also as accoutred for a march, come up into that room where I lay, and telling me in plain terms, I must excuse him, in that finding himself not well, he must and would be gone out of town presently, and take his journey to Connacht; praying me withal to excuse him to the lord lieutenant, and assure his grace that so soon as he recovered his health and strength, he would not fail to come (if I called him) and perform what was either expected from him or himself had offered.” All further expostulation to divert him from his purpose was ineffectual, nor could he be induced even to write a letter to the lord lieutenant, specifying the reasons for his sudden withdrawal. Walsh, however, begged him not to hold any fields” during his progress to Lochrea, and then remem- bering how he had (though indirectly) but the last night insinuated some w'ant, I gave him,” says Walsh, " what money I had in my pocket, i. e. about fourteen shillings ; which having taken, he departed from me ; yet he had the confidence, within two hours after, even that very morning before he left the town, to send me a little printed English book (in twelves or sixteens) of his own miracles done in London.” After his retreat from Dublin, Finachty fell into obscurity, having been forbidden to practice his exorcisms by the arch- bishop of Tuam, whose censure he had incurred for having nearly driven mad some weak-minded people at Portumna, and for publicly declaring that " all the women in Ireland were specially possessed of the Devil.” Finachty had not long retired, when a new wonder worker appeared in the person of Yalentine Greatracks or Greatrix, a respectable Protestant gentleman of Affane, clerk of the peace, and a magistrate of the county of Cork. His mode of operating appears to have been similar to that of Finachty, as described at page 618 , whence he acquired the name of “the TUE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ‘f3% Stroaker/^ His treatment of Thoresby^s brother, for vio- lent pains in the head and back, is described as follows : ^^Mr. Greatracks, coming by accident to the house, gave present ease to his head, by only stroking it with his hands. He then fell to rub his back, which he most complained of; but the pain immediately fled from his hand to his right thigh ; then he pursued it with his hand to his knee ; from thence to his leg, aucle, and foot, and, at last, to his great toe. As it fell lower, it grew more violent, and when in his toe it made him roar out, but upon rubbing there it vanished. Vast crowds of diseased persons flocked after Greatracks, and he was brought to England expressly to cure vis- countess Conway ; although unsuccessful in that and many other cases, Boyle, Cud worth, and Wilkins bore testimony to the efficacy of his treatment in several instances ; and the philosophers of the time defined his healing faculty as a sanative contagion in the body, which had an antipathy to some particular diseases and not to others.^^ Of the termina- tion of his career nothing appears to be known, except that he was satirized by St. Evremond; and a writer of the day tells us that, not long after his practices on folks in London, he went out like the snuff of a candle, just as Einachty did."’^ On the attainder of sir William Kennedy, in 1703, twelve houses, which he held in fee, in Kennedy’s-lane, were confis- cated to the crown. One of those is described as ^^a large brick house, in good repair, has cellars under the whole house, is two storeys and a half high, and has a back-side, being the queeifls bench office, with a waste plot of ground joining thereto, breadth in front sixty^-four feet, rere forty-six feet, depth thirty-eight feet.'’^ Dr. Eichard Hemsworth, president of the Irish college of physicians, in 1735, was one of the re- sidents of this locality in the last century ; and the king^s bench office, although removed for a time to School-house-lane, was re-transferred,in 1745, to Kermedy^s-lane, where, together with the office of the court of exchequer and that of the chief remembrancer, it continued to be held till the year 1785. 40 ^39 •S3T Art. V.— the STREETS OF DUBLIN. NO. VIII. The acclivity on which " High-street^^ stands is stated to have been the commencement of the Eiscir, or boundary, agreed upon in the second century, when Ireland was divided into two por- tions, between Owen, king of Munster, and Conn, surnamed of the hundred battles.'’^ In the ancient Anglo Norman records High-street is styled Altus vicus ” and an old writer, commenting on the name of Dublin, observes : the Irish called it Baile atJia CUathf that is, a town planted upon hur- dels. For the common opinion is, that the plot upon which the civitie is builded hath beene a marish ground ; and for that by the art or invention of the first founder, the water could not be voided, he was forced to fasten the quakemire with hurdels, and upon them to build the citie. I heard of some that came of building of houses to this foundation : and other hold opinion that if a cart or waine run with a round and maine pase through a street called the High street, the houses on each side shall be perceived to shake."” From the marshy nature of the ground in this locality, it is, even at the present day, found nearly impossible to obtain secure foundations for buildings in High-street, the majority of the houses in which have been consequently erected on piles and massive wooden frames. The church of St. Michael the Archangelj^ in Higli-street, was founded as a chapel by Donagh, bishop of Dublin in the eleventh century, whose successor, Eichard Talbot, advanced it to the dignity of a parochial church in the fifteenth century. The fraternity of shoemakers (fraternitas sutorum), or guild of the blessed virgin Mary, by their charter, passed in 1404, were authorized to found a chantry of one or more chaplains, for the daily celebration of divine service in the chapel of the Yirgin Mary, in the church of St. Michael in the High-street. By another patent, dated 24th January, in the twenty-second year of Henry YI. (1444), at the request of the commons, and with the assent of a parliament held at Dublin in that year, a guild was founded for the daily celebration of divine service in the chapel of St. Catherine in St. Michael’s church. Henry YIII., by charter in 1541, assigned this church. nn THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. with those of St. Michan and St. John, to the three principal vicars choral of Christ church, who were likewise constituted members of the chapter. Under this charter John Corragh was made the first vicar choral, and dean's vicar, and received the rectory of St. Michael’s as his prebend. In 1544 arch- bishop Browne constituted the above mentioned churches per- manently prebendal, leaving them still attached to the offices of dean’s vicar, precentor's vicar, and chancellor’s vicar. James I., by a new charter in 1604, changed the vicars cho- ral into three canonical prebendaries," under which title the then occupants were confirmed in their appointments, and this constitution is continued to the present day. During the sixteenth, and early part of the seventeenth century, St. Michael’s church was one of the most frequented in the city. After the Restoration, however, it was found ne- cessary to repair and rebuild portions of the edifice, relative to which we find the following document enrolled in the pa- rochial registry : — « Whereas for severall yeares past the several! companies of the Royall regiment* quartered in this city have made use of the church of St. Michaell’s, Dublin, every Friday for the service of God, but in all that tyme nothinge hath beene contributed towards the repera- tion of the said church, or the seates thereof, which now standes in neede of much mendinge, and the parishioners having mett this day and considering of the charge that will repaire the same, doe finde themselves much disenabled to defray the same charge, doe therefore make it theire request that the minister of the saide church Mr. John Glendie and the present church wardens, calling with them some of the parishioners of the saide parish as they thinck fitt, doe waite on * The regiment above referred to was formed by order of Charles II., in 1662, and granted to the duke of Ormond, who, as its first colonel, has the power of naming its officers ; it was composed of levies made in England, joined with a portion of the independent companies of which the previous force in Ireland consisted, being thus an English regiment for service in Ireland. It was originally called the “ Royal Irish Regiment,” subsequently the “ King’s Foot Guards,’* and remained in the Ormond family until the second duke of that name went over to William III. when lieutenant colonel William Dor- rington was appointed its colonel by James II. ; at that period, however, the regiment had been made completely Irish by the duke of Tyrconnel, for the. purpose of securing its fidelity to the king’s cause in Ireland. As the “ King’s Foot Guards,” the regiment fought throughout the wars of the Revolution and particularly distinguished itself in the right wing of the Irish army at Aughrim, where it stood out longest, its colonel being there taken prisoner, and its lieutenant colonel W. M. Barker, together with its chaplain, Dr. Alexius Stafford, slain. The “King’s Foot Guards,” served under Dorrington on the Continent till the peace of THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. the^ right honble the earle of Arran and acquaint his lordship with theire^ present necessity, and do entreate his assistance (as coll, of the saide regiment) towardes the aforesaide reperations. Dated the 27th November, 1674. John Glendie, minister. Thomas Rayner. Jo Smith. Rees Phillips. Henry Aston. John Coyne. Henry Stevens. William Fisher. Nicholas Hall.” The result of this application is not recorded, but the build- ing appears to have progressed very slowly. A committee ap- pointed to examine the steeple in 1676, reported that they had viewed and admeasured the foundation next to St. MichaeFs lane, whereon the old steeple pertayneing to the said church lately stood, and as it is nowe laid open for the building of a new one And wee doe finde that betweene the said foundation of the old as it formerly stoode and the new steeple next to the streete as is now intended to be erected to the widdow Garland’s house on the other side of the streete, there is only nine foote and eight inches. And that from the foundation of the old steeple as aforesaid unto the church wall now newly erected is six feet and eight inches- And we further certify, that for any thing we find or is known unto us, the said foundation of the old steeple hath not been at all removed but is intended to be built upon the old foundation.” In 1678 the minister and churchwardens agreed with Tho- mas Rayner that he Should sett up and affix upon merchantable oake frames the front and the partitions of the pues that are convenient to be to the church of St. Michaell’s with good merchantable oake workmanlike wrought. The materials and workmanship to be as good as the materials and workmanship of the pues of St. Warbrowe’s church in the said city Eyswick in 1697, and was subsequently broken up as king James’ foot guards, but formed again in 1698, as the “ Regiment of Dorrington ” which it continued to be until his death in 1718. From that period till 1766, it was styled the “ Regiment of Ro th.” from its two successive co- lonels counts Roth, of the Kilkenny family of that name. From 1766 it was called the * ‘ Regiment of Roscommon, ” from its colonel Robert Dillon earl of Roscommon, until 1770, when it became the Regiment of Walsh Serrant,’’- which it continued till 1792, when it was made the ninety-se- cond infantry regiment of the line, as from that year the various regiments of the French army were numbered, instead of being named, as before, from any particular district, or from the families of their colonels. The 92nd was long known as the royal regiment of Ireland in the service of France, in contradistinction to the 18th regiment in the service of Eng- land, which, in recognition of its gallantry at the siege of Namur, was styled the “ Royal Irish Regiment” by William III. A detailed account of the Royal Irish Regiment, from its formation, will form a portion of Mr. O’Callaghan’s forthcoming history of the Irish in foreign services. THE IRISH QUARTEllL’5i REVIEW. or any other parish church within the said city, at the rate of five shilli^s six pence sterling for every yard of the front of the said pues, and at the rate of four shillings sterling for every yard ot the partitions of the said pues.” They agreed in 1679 for the erection of an altar with two steps, together with a table lackered and painted ; also to have the columns, windows and cornices painted in good and fresh colours.^^ Among various other items of expenditure we find the sum of £2 : 13 : 0 paid for making and erecting a pair of stocks before the church.^^ The seats appointed for the various parishioners were set out by the minister and churchwardens in August, 1679, and April, ^ ^ ^ latter year the corporation of shoemakers, having paid a sum ot £20, were granted a seat, number seven in the south east corner, in the same manner as they held their former seat. Until of late years, divine service was specially performed in •this church, for the Guild of Corpus Christi, on the annual recurrence of the festival from which they received their name * In 1691 it was resolved by the parishioners to add thirty-five feet to the steeple, which, in its then unfinished state, was about fifty-two feet in height; and the repairs ot the church appear not to have been completed until the close of the seventeenth century. , , , . Among the rectors of St. Michaeks church the most re- markable were Daniel Wytter (1663-1664), afterwards pro- moted to the see of Dromore, who, in 1673, presented to Ins former church “ a silver flagon weighing 71 ounces ; John Francis (1665-1705), father of the translator of Horace; Iran- cis Higgins (1706-1728), a political character, prosecuted m 1712 for disloyalty; Gabriel Jacques Matnrin (1734-1730); and Edward Ledwich (1749-1761), the associate of Vallancey. Towards the close of the last century the building tell to decay, and the baptisms, marriages, and other ceremonies ol St. Michael’s parish, appear to have been solemnized in ot. Mary’s chapel, Christ church, from the year 1787, and so con- tinued until the church was rebuilt in 1815 The new church differs in form materially from the old building, of which an engraving is preserved on a portion of the parish plate. Ihe * The parish received a yearly payment of fifteen pus Christi Guild also one shilling annually for vault on each side of the church.” shillings from “ Cor- “ Conran’s tomb, a THE STREETS OP DUBLIN. original aisle of the church ran parallel with High-street, from which it was separated by a row of three houses ; in the course of the re-edification the various old monuments disappeared, with the exception of that of chief justice Whitshed, placed in the vestibule of the church ; and the site of the ancient church- yard is now occupied by the parochial schools. The parish of St Michael covers an area of only five acres and two roods, containing at present 127 houses, and 1,317 inhabitants. Trom the manuscript Doomsday book of the corporation of Dublin it appears that, in 1255. on.e._oi the conduits, or public water vases of the ci^^ was situated in High-street, opposite to the^TKoTsel and near the gate of the convent of the holy Trinity. In the unpublished Recorder’s book'" this conduit is styled in 1322, the cistern of the water course of the mayor and com- monalty of Dublin, near to the church of St. Michael in the High-street;"^ and among the city archives are preserved entries * St. Michael’s-lane, contiguous to the church, described in the sixtenth century as “ Saint Michael his lane, beginning at Saint Michael his pipe,” appears to have been anciently known as Gillamo- cholraog’s-street : it is styled “ Vicus de Kylholmok” in an entry of the year 1288, in the archives of the Corporation of Dublin, and in the an- cient laws of the city it is called “ Venella Gilmeholmok.” The heads of the tribe of Gillamocholmog, who were lords of the territory of Vi Dunn- chadha in Leinster, which included the land on which the city of Dublin stood, descended, according to Dr. O’Donovan, from Dunchadh the brother of Faelan, ancestor of the O’Byrnes of Leinster. The progenitor from whom they took their hereditary surname was Gilla-Mocholmog, i. e. servant of St. Mocholmog, son of Dunchadh, son of Lorcan, son of Faelan, son of Muireadach, son of Bran, son of Faelan, son of Dunchadh, from whom came the name of Ui Dunchadha or Descendants of Dunchadha, son of Murchadh, son of Bran Mut, the common ancestor of the tribes of O’Tuathal and O’Byrne. Eelative to this family the following entries occur in the native annals : A.D. 1032, Ceallach son of Dunchadh, lord of Ui Dunchadha died. 1044, Murchadh, son of Bran, lord of Ui Faelain, was slain by Mac Gillamocholmog, tanist of Ui Dunchadha. 1133, Conor, son of Murchadh Ua Maelachlainn, royal heir of Tara, was slain by Donnchadh Mac Gillamocholmog, royal heir of Leinster; and Donnchadh himself was killed by the men of Meath at the end of a month in revenge of Conor. 1 141 , Diarmaid Mac Murchadha, king of Leinster, acted treacherously towards Muircheartach Mac Gillamocholmog, lord of Feara Cualann (an ancient territory co-extensive with the half barony of Rathdown) who was blinded by him. 1154, Mac Gillamocholmog, lord of Ui Dunchadha, was killed by his brethren. Muircheartach Mac Gillamocholmog is styled king of the men of Leinster (p] UiseATj) in 1 103 ; Donald Mac Gillamocholmog was chief of the Northmen ot Dublin from 1125 to 1134, and the details of the important service rendered by a prince of this family to the Anglo Norman invaders of Dublin have been given in former papers of the present series. The history of the family from that period is extremely obscure, and the only particulars to be gleaned THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Mr of licences granted in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries to various persons to connect pipes with the city cisterns, for the purpose of supplying their houses with water, it being gene- rally stipulated on the part of the corporation, that the cahbre of the tubes so_attached should not e xceed that of a qu ill. At the juncture of Skinners^ row and High-street stood the Hi^h Cross” of the city, at which, from an early period, it was customaryloread publicly proclamations, papal bulls, sentences of excommunication, and other documents of importance to the citizens. relative to it are found in the Anglo Irish official manuscripts. In 1207, king John granted to Dermod, son of Gillamocholmog, all the land which his father held— that is the land of Lymerhira with fifteen caru- catesinthe vale of Dublin, and one burgage in Dublin to be held by him and his heir by service of one knight’s fee and two otter skins (pelles de lutro) to be paid into the king’s exchequer at Dublin on the feast of St. Michael ; reserving to the king and his heirs a cantred in the land of Limeric granted by John, when earl of Moreton, to the said Dermod and his brother Kotheric. For a collation of the original enrolment of this grant, now in the Tower of London, we are indebted to the erudite English antiquary, Thomas DufiTus Hardy, esq. The word Lymerhim or Limeric is evidently an error, and was probably entered by the enrolling clerk in the reign of J ohn for a locality of a somewhat similar name in the county of Dublin — perhaps Lishoke (Lof i*eAbAc), an ancient townland in the manor of Esker. Dermod’s son John, styled lord of Rathdown by sir William Betham, was one of the Irish magnates who were summoned in 1227, for the first time, to render service out of Ireland to the king of England by reason of their tenures, as appears from the close roll of 13 Henry III,, preserved in the Tower of London. Gillamocholmog is referred to by Luke, archbishop of Dublin, in a deed executed about 1240, conveying to the burgesses of Rathcool (Radcull) a common on the hill of Slescoll (communam in monte de Slescoll) together with his men in Newtown, both in the marshy and pasture land, as measured by Gillamocholmog and other upright men (probi homines) in the time of John Comyn, archbishop of Dublin, 1181—1212 {Alani Regist\ fol. 159). In the account of the manors of the vale of Dublin (^‘ Compotus maneriorum vallis Dublinii”) recorded on the unpublished roll of the pipe of 1262 (46. Hen. III.), we find, under the returns for the manor of Esker, John, son of Dermod, charged with two otter skins for his rent for that year (“duo pelles lutrinas de redditu suo hoc anno”). In the same roll there also appears an entry of forty shillings paid by him for one service, and for the service of one foot soldier for the army at Greencastle (“Johannes filius Dermot pro uno servicio et servicio unius servientis peditis pro exercitu de Virid’ castri, xl. s.’’) From an unpublished plea roll of the year 1282 it appears that king John granted among other lands to Aland Fitzwilliam, the lands of the exchequer near Dublin with all thereto pertaining winch had been held by “ Gilmeholman,” and his hostelry at Dublin in the house of John the bishop. In the manuscript Registry of the abbey of St. Thomas Court, Dublin, there appear two deeds from Dermond son of “ Gillemaholmoc by the first he grants to Richard de Felda all THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ms The mode in wliich public penances were performed at the High Cross/^ so late as the reign of Elizabeth, is illus- trated by the following extracts from the proceedings of the "‘High commission court'' for causes ecclesiastical, now publish- ed for the first time, from the original record : — 29 llfartii) 1571. Officium dominoram versus Henricum Hinch- cliffe. Fyrst, that he shall not come into nor kepe nor use the company of Constance Kyng hereafter, and shallbe bounde to the same effecte his lands of Kilrotheri, except that portion which he had given to Ham- mund Ruffo, for free service of two bezants annually ; the second deed conveys a carucate of land in Kilrethtran to the same personage, to be held by service of certain gilt spurs (qusedam calcaria deaurata). From the records of the monastery of All Hallows, Dublin, we learn that John, son of Dermod, granted to that institution for the benefit of his own soul, the soul of his wife Claricia, and those of his forefathers and suc- cessors the boat (batellum), which he had, by hereditary right for salmon fishing in the waters of Dublin, the canons of the monastery paying during his life half a mark of silver, and two shillings to his heirs after his death. Among the witnesses to this deed were, the lady Claricia, the grantor’s wife; William his seneschal; Duvenald Mac Duneg; David, baron of Naas, and William his son. By a sub- sequent deed, John, son of John, son of Dermod, granted to the same establishment his boat and entire right to take salmon or other fish in the waters of Dublin, on condition that the canons of All Hallows shonld pray for his own soul and for those of his ancestors and successors, and deliver to him and his heirs, a rose, annually on the festi- val of St. John the Baptist, in their monastery aforesaid ; this document is witnessed by Thomas de Wyncester, mayor of Dublin ; and the donor was included among the magnates of Ireland addressed in 1302 by Edward I., relative to the termination of his wars in Scotland. An unpublished Memorandum roll of 1304-5 contains a royal writ to John Wogan, justiciary, setting forth, that John, son of Radulphus, had me- morialed the king that his ancestor Gylmeholmok held from John, sometime king of England, certain lands and tenements in Nummerin (Emmery ?), county of Dublin, by one knight’s fee, which lands by minorities during the reigns of John, Henry III., and Edward I., had always successively been so declared, notwithstanding which he had been charged and distrained for the service of one knight’s fee on the various hostings in those parts from the above time. In 1408 we find J ohn, son of Dermod, charged with two otter skins for his rent of Radon (Rathdown), for the same year ; five otter skins for the two years and a half preceding, and one hundred and sixty-two otter skins for the arrears of this rent for many years then past, making a total of one hundred and sixty nine otter skins. This, which is the last entry accessible re- lative to the family of Gillamocholmog, is recorded on an unpublished Pipe Roll of 10 Hen, IV. under the following head — “ Compotus comita- tus Dublin ab octavo die Eebruarii anno regni regis ejusdem decimo per Walterum Tyrell, Thomam filium Simonis Cruys, Robertum White et Joannem Derpatrik, vicecomites, et Rogerum Walsh ballivum Libertatis de Sancto Sepulcro.’* THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. in a bonde of recognizance for a c.li, otherwise to be committed to prison, there to be kept in such sorte that neyther he to her nor she to him shall have accesse in any wise. Secondlie, That upon Saturdaie next enseweng at ix of the clocke in the morn- yng he the said Eyland alias Hinchecliife shall come unto the Crosse in the Highe streete of Dublin having on a white shete from his shol- ders downe to the ground rounde about him and a paper about his heade wherupon shall be written ‘ For adulteri : leaving his wyfe in England alyve and maryeng with another here,' and a white w’ande in his hand and then and there goe up unto the highest staire of the Crosse and there sitt duryng all the time of the markette untill yt be ended, and furder decreed that Constance Kyng shall not hereafter in any wise resort or have accesse unto him or kepe him company and to performe the same they toke hir othe which she gave upon the holie evangelists, and furder after that Hinchcliffe hath done his pe- nance as aforesaid, they decreed he shold goe to prison againe, there to remayne and abide untill yt shall please the Commissioners to take furder order in this cause.” (Fol. 22.) i‘26Junii, 1572, Officium dominorum versus Constanciarn Kyng, civitatis Dublin, viduam. « That upon Sondaie next ensewing the date above written the said Constance togither with the said Hinchecliflfe shall come before mornyng praier unto the cathedrall churche of the blessed Trynitie in Dublin barefote and barelegged and having on eyther of them and about them on there uppermost garment a white shete from the shol- ders downe to the ankles and a white wand in either of ther hands and so come to the churche dore of the said churche and there from the begynning of morning praier remaine knelyng downe upon there knees untill the service be all ended and then they shall goe and stand upon a stole before the pulpitte from the begynning of the sermon untill y t be ended. And furder after the premisses they shall in lyke manner the next markett daie following from ix of the clock untill xi sitte together penytent wise in manner and forme aforesaid, having besides the premises aboute either of there heades a paper hujus tenoris ‘ This is for adultery and per jurie,' and this upon the highest stepps of the Cro.4e in the markette place in Dublin with there faces towards the people.” (Folio 70 d.) 30th Octohris, 1572. Officium dominorum versus Georgium Bateman de Kilmaynnm et Benedictam meretricem quam tenet. “ That upon Saterdaie come sevennyght next enseweing the date hereof at the pryme of the markett bothe they shall come unto the Crosse of the markette in Dublin with shetes from their sholders unto the grounde and papers on there heades whereon shallbe written ‘ For adultery,' and white roddes in their hands and so contynue from the tyme of there comyng untill the market be ended. And after and besides the premysses shall upon Sondaie sevennyght then next follow- ing in the churche of St. Owen’s, within Dublin, where there shalbe a sermon, in manner and forme aforesaid, come to the said churche at the begginning of service, and there at the entryng in of the chauncell, openly knele untill the precTier goe up into the pulpitte, and then THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. rysing shall goe and stand before the pulpitte, there faces turned to the greater part of the congregacion, untill the sermon be ended, and then penytently and openly shall acknowledge there faults and ask forgevenes. Et interim Domini comiserunt eorum utrumque Marescallo salvo custodiend.’ ” (Fol. 75.) The custom of publishing proclamations at the ^^Higli Cross/’ in the presence of the lord chancellor and other offi- cers of state, was continued to the reign of James I., until ifcj was found necessary, to. remove jthe in onume^^^^ which had be- [ come an impediment to the thoroughfare in this then frequented ' part of the city. High-street appears to have been one of the most impor- tant of the streets within the walls of Dublin during the middle ages. Ofjthe flesh. shambles which were held in High- street until the reign of James I., a writer in the sixteenth century observes ''The greaFexpenses of the citizens maie probalie be gathered by the worthie and fairlike markets, week- lie on Wednesdaie and Tridaie kept in Dublin. Their sham- bles is so well stored with meat and their market with corne, as not onelie in Ireland, but also in other countries, you shall not see anie one shambles, or anie one market better furnished with the one or the other, than Dublin is.” The same author gives the following account of a riot in this locality in 1531 : In the second year of Skeffington his government, it happened that one Henrie White, servant to Benet a merchant of Dublin, was pitching of a cart of haie in the High-street ; and having offered boies plaie to passengers that walked to and fro, he let a bottle (truss) of his haie fall on a souldiors bonet, as he passed by his cart. The souldior taking this knavish knacke in dudgeon, hurled his dag- ger at him, and having narrowlie mist the princocks,* he sticked it in a post not farre off. White leapt down from the cart, and thrust the souldior through the shoulder with his pike. Where- upon there was^ a great uprore in the citie between the souldiors and the apprentises, in as muche as Thomas Barbie being the maior, having^ the king his sword drawne, was hardlie able to appease the fraie, in which diverse were wounded, and none slaine. The lord deputie issued out of the castell, and came as far as the pillorie,f to whome the^ maior posted thorough the prease with the sword naked under his^ arme, and presented White that was the brewer of all this garboile to his lordship, whome the governour pardoned. * A pert forward youth, in which sense it is used in the dialogue be- tween Capulet and Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet, Act i. Scene v. r, t The pillory stood at the ju nction of Werburgh and Fishamble streets. See tne nrst paper of the present smes. ' -^■»-..*ws«9a.riTTiriTi-n a n > 60 THE imSH QUAETERLY REVIEW. 449^ -im as well for his courage in bickering as for his retchlesse simplicitie and pleasantnesse in telling the whole discourse. Wherebey a man may see how manie bloudie quarels a bralling swashbuckler male pick out of a bottle of haie, namelie when his braines are forebitten with a bottle of nappie ale.” Among the places of most publicke note whereunto the priests did resort to Masse in Dublin/" particularized in a do- cument of the reign of James I. we find noticed certain back- rooms in the houses of Nicholas Queitrot, Carye, and the widow 0"Hagan, in the High street.* t A narrow passage leading from High-street to Cook-street, and thence to the quay, is mentioned by a writer in Elizabeth’s time as “ Earn lane,” alias the “ Schoole-house lane,” by the latter of which names it is still known. Of the school from which this locality acquired its name, no account has been preserved, but we find, in a local author of the sixteenth century, notices of th e foUgw ing Dublin s chw lmasters “ Patrjke Cusacke/Vgehflem^'ISorner^d a'scKoler oi^xfbrdT'Some- time schoolemaister in Dublin, and one that with the learning that God did impart him, gave great light to his countrie ; he imploied his studies rather in the instructing of scholers,than in penning of books, he flourished in the yeare one thousand five hundred three score and six, and wrote in Latine Diversa epigraramata.” “ Michael Eitzsimons, schoolemaster in Dublin, a proper student, and a diligent man in his profession, he wrote Orationem in adventum comitis Essexise Dublinium, Epitaphion in mor- tem Jacobi Stanihursti, Diversa epigrammata.” Macgrane, a schoole- inaster in Dublin at the same period, is also noticed by the author of “carols and sundrie ballads.” From the reign of James I. , the name of School- house lane appears to have been applied to that portion of the line of street which extended from High-street to Cook-street, while the appellation of Ram lane was given to the passage since known as “ Skip- per’s alley,’’ running from Cook-street to the Merchants’-quay. In 1613 John Lafian, “a young gentleman, born in the county of Tip- perary, was slain at the end of School-house lane near Cook-street, Dublin, by one Edward Musgrave, a quarrelling soldier of the guard, who was therefore apprehended and arraigned in the King’s bench, and there condemned of wilful murder, and adjudged to be drawn, hanged and quartered.’’ In the early years of the eighteenth century we find John Brocas (1701), and Elizabeth Sadleir (1719), publishers, residing in this locality ; and of the King’s bench office, which was held here till 1745, the lords’ committee in 1739 reported as follows : — “ The King’s bench office is in School-house lane, one of the narrow- est in the city of Dublin. The clerk informed the lords’ committee that about two years ago a fire broke out very near the office, which gave them a great alarm, and there is now (1739) an old cage-work house, within so small a distance, as to make its situation very dangerous. In this office are kept several outlawries and attainders, those particularly of Papists, on account of the rebellions in 1641 and 1688. If these should be burned, the lords’ committees fear, that the Protestant pos- sessors would, at best, be exposed to vexatious law-suits, to defend and establish their titles to many forfeited estates.” THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 44 ^ -m The principal inhabitants of this street in the seventeenth century were the aldermen and merchants of the city, as Richard Barry, mayor of Dublin in 1610, father of the first lord Santry ; Patrick Dixon (1619) ; and alderman Walter Kennedy, founder of the Clondalkin family, noticed in our last paper. Tokens are also extant issued by the following resi- dents of High-street : — Elnathan Brocke, seedman, 1657 : Mathew Drench, 1655 ; Arthur Harvey, 1656 ; Gerrard Colley, apothecary at the sign of the red cross ; Henry Reynolds ; Henry Warren; Ignatius A passage leading from Scliool-house lane to “ Cock-hill” was styled “ Bor’s-court,” apparently from the family of Bor, who, during the first half of the seventeenth century, resided in St. Michael’s pa- rish. In 1618 Janies I. granted a patent to Christian Bor and John Bor, gentlemen, of lower Germany, “ that they be freed from the yoke of servitude of the German or Irish nation, and enjoy all the rights and privileges of English subjects,” for a sum of £1 6s. 8d. During the reigns of James I. and Charles I., the Bors appear to have been exten- sively engaged in commerce with Holland, and Christian Bor was one of the merchants interested in the Dutch trade, who contested the right of the corporation of Dublin to levy a tax for harbour dues, of three-pence in the pound on their shipping, which was tried in the exchequer in 1632, and decided in favour of the corporation. In the beginning of the last century one of the Bors was brigadier-general in the British army, and a branch of the family still resides at Ballydoolin, County Kildare The name of Bor’s court” has, in the present century, been corrupted into “ Borris ^urt a very large and handsome house which stood on its norfherh‘side,Tias fallen within the last few years, and its ruins are tra- ditionally stated to be those of the “great house” of the personage from whom the court received its title. “ Cock-hil l,” a narrow passage extending from “ Bo r’s court,” across the upper part of WinelaveWs£'reet7t6 St."Johh’slaner‘‘is "stfTed in the old parochial documents “Rowenlane” (1328), “ Eowning lane” (1372), the “Kounde lane” (1394) and “ Rowling lane” in 1674. In 1314 William Chamberlaine, of Kilreske, gent, set to John Rawson, a house in this locality afterwards known as the “Frank house,” which he held from the hospital of St, John of Jerusalem at a rent of ten shillings a year. Rawson in 1518 set thishouse to Patrick Field (or De La Felde) of Dub- lin, merchant, who acquired considerable property in this vicinity, which he bequeathed in 1522 to the church of St. Michael. In a deed of the year 1337, we find notice of “ new houses on the hill and in 1369 the “ Frank house,” otherwise called “ Chamerlyn’s Inns,” was set by the parish to William Fitz Symon, merchant, at a low rent, in consideration of his having defrayed the expence of certain repairs of the church. The locality appears to have acquired the name of “ Cock-hill” in the sixteenth century, at which period it is noticed as the fish-market of the city, and in the manuscript book of revenue of the year 1392 in the exchequer record ojBSce, we find notice of a house belonging to Nicholas Fitz Sy- mons of Dublin, alderman, in the tenure of John Dillon, on the eastern part of the hill, called “Dock-hill, alias Cock-hill,” in St. John’s parish- THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Browne, pewterer, 1671; John Smith, merchant ; John Betson, merchant, at the sign of the white lion; John Warren, tallow chandler; Nicholas While; Eichard Greenwood, merchant; Thomas Gould, merchant; Thomas Pagett, tal- low chandler ; William Hulme ; Jonathan Butterton, pewterer, 1663, and William Milles, clothier, 1671. On the south side of High-street was the residence of Mark Patrick Naugliten, surgeon, resided here in 1592, and among the patent rolls of James I., there appears a grant in 1604 of a messuage lately waste, on the eastern part of Dotchill, otherwise Cock-hill, in the parish of St. Olave. On the rebuilding of the Dublin law courts in 1695, the law olhces of the various courts were removed to “ Cock-hill,” where the office of the Chief Remembrancer was kept in a house held from Eliza Pitt at the annual rent of £44 13s. 4d. The insecurity and in- conveniences of the offices here occasioned the following memorial, which is now printed for the first time from the original in the Excheq^uer Re- cord Office, Four Courts ^ i “The humble representation of the Chiefe Remembrancer and the clerke of the pleas office of his majesty’s court of Exchequer. “ Humbly sheweth that the former patentees of the said offices were ne- cessitated upon the rebuildeing of the Four Courts in Christchurch lane, Dublin, to remoo ve the severall offices from the said Four Courts to the place where they now are, vizt to Cocke hill, Dublin, which was the most convenient place they could finde neare the said Foure Courts, that the said offices are in greate danger of fire by reason of the adjacent houses being timber worke, and ale-houses kept therein, and even in the cellar under the said offices there is an ale-house kept and constant fires in the same. That about twelve yeares agoe the beame of the next adjacent house to the said offices took fire and had burnt a good way, but by the timely discovery thereof the same was with difficulty extinguished, and lately the chimney of the adjacent houses took and the next house thereto being a timber house was like to be fired which if it had, the offices had undoubtedly beene burnt. That the said offices are very inconvenient and extremely too narrow and straite and small to laye up the records of the said offices conveniently, and in order as they should be kept, and humbly offer that they cannot find out any convenient and safe place to remove the said offices to, nor indeed can there be any security of the records unlesse offices and re- positoryes be built in some secure and convenient place for preservation of the records of the said offices, which are very numerous. Thomas Maule, Queen’s Remembrancer. Arth. Nixon.” The Chief Remembrancer’s office was removed from “ Cock-hill’’ to Kennedy ’s-lane or court in 1716, and although nearly a century and a half have elapsed since the date of the above remonstrance, the great mass of the most valuable Anglo-Irish public records are at the present day in a scarcely better condition as to safety and arrange- ment than they were one hundred and forty years ago. “ Cock- hill was demolished in the present century by the “Wide street com- missioners,’’ who, to carry out their plans, purchased the estate m this locality held by Michael’s parish under tlie will of Patrick field, referred to at page ^4^. / / I'piet) ^roiH tfie "Vtffuvu wRtcfi \4 6ouvic) up witft ^edtc^ ^Soo^t.^ THE STHEETS OF DUBLIN. Quinn, lord mayor of Dublin in 1667. A branch of the clan of O'Cuinn or O^Quinn appears to have settled in this city in the sixteenth century ; Walter Quinn of Dublin published in Edinburgh in 1600, a collection of epigrams, anagrams and poems in Latin and English, entitled Serum poeticum in honorem Jacobi sexti, serenissimi ac potentissimi Scotorum regis.'” Thomas Quin, a member of the Society of Jesus, stationed at Dublin in 164-2, was untiring in his re- ligious exertions, and used occasionally to attire himself as a soldier, a gentleman, or a peasant, to elude the vigilance of the Puritans in order to gain access to the houses of the Catholics. Eather Quin, who wrote a report on the state and condition of the Catholics of Ireland from 1652 to 1656, was subsequently removed to Nantes, thence to St. Malo, and died in 1663. Alderman Mark Quin, of High-street, was one of the most wealthy residents in St. MichaeFs parish, tlie plate, money and documents of which appear from the Church records to have been kept at his house, until, in a fit of jealousy at the conduct of his wife, lie committed suicide by cutting his throat in Christ Church. He left an estate of about one thousand per annum to his son James Quin, who studied at Trinity College, Dublin, was called to the bar in England, and married a lady whose husband was reputed to be dead, having not been heard of for many years. By this lady. Quin had a son called James, born in 1693, some time after whose birth Mrs. Quints former husband returned and re-claimed his wife. Quints illegitimacy having been established/ his father’s estate passed to the Whitsheds,* the *In 1619 the churchwardens of St. Michael’s parish set to Margaret Staples for 61 years, at the annual rent of fifty-three shillings, a house and back-side on Cock-hill, This house in 1676 was re-set by them for a similar period, at eight pounds per annum, to Thomas and Samuel Whitshed, sons of William Whitshed, late of Dublin, merchant. Tho- mas Whitshed was an eminent lawyer, and his son William was appointed solicitor-general of Ireland in 1709, chief justice of the king’s bench in 1714, and chief justice of the common pleas in 1727, in which year he died, from the effects, it was said, of the virulent lampoons with which he was assailed, for his conduct in prosecuting the printer of the “ Drapier’s letters.” His monument, as noticed at page 943, is in the vestibule of St. Michael's church, and his last representative, as far as we are acquainted, was the late admiral sir James Whitshed. The motto on Whitshed’s coach formed the subject of one of Swift’s satires, commencing with the lines “ Libertas et natate solum : Fine words ! I wonder where you stole ’em/’ THifi IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 35 © lieirs at law, and the young man, being left on his own re- sources, appeared in the character of Abel” in the “ Com- mittee” at Smock-alley theatre in 1714, and afterwards be- came one of the most eminent actors of his day. Smollett declared that Quin was one of the best bred men in the kingdom,” and the satirist Cliurchill speaking of him says : “But though prescription's force we disallow. Nor to antiquity submissive bow ; Though we deny imaginary grace. Founded on accidents of time and place; Yet real worth of ev’ry growth shall bear Due praise, nor, must we. Quin, forget thee there. His words bore sterling weight, nervous and strong In manly tides of sense they rolled along. Happy in art, he chiefly had pretence To keep up numbers, yet not forfeit sense. No actor ever greater heights could reach In all the laboured q.rtifice of speech.” Alderman Mark Quin bequeathed to the wardens of St. MichaeFs Church in trust for the poor widows of the parish, the sum of fifty -two shillings out of his house in High-street, which at the commencement of the last century was known as the sign of the Mying horse.” Among the taverns here, were the ^^Swan”, kept in 1666, by Dyer Phillips; ‘‘PatPs Coffee house, over against St. Nicholas^ church,’^ in which the noted John Hantoii held his book auctions in 1698; we likewise find notice of the Golden Plagon (1701)” and the ^^Eed Lyon tavern (1714),” a very large establishment on the north side of the street. In High-street also was located the first Dublin Post house of which any record has been hitherto discovered. A regular postal communication between Dublin and Eng- land appears to have been first established during the wars of Shane O^Neil in the reign of Elizabeth, when, according to a contemporary chronicler, bicause in these troublesome times it were meet advertisements should go to and from hir majestie The suicide of his ancestor Quin was recalled in an epigram circulated through the town, beginning, “ I am not grandson of that ass Quin ; Nor can you prove it, Mr. Pasquin.” And also in the following lines ; — “ In church your grandsire cut his throat ; To do the job too long he tarried; He should have had my hearty vote To cut his throat before he married.” Scott and the other commentators on Swift appear to have been totally ignorant of the circumstances above narrated in connexion with the Quins and Whitshed. TME STREETS OF DUBLIN. and councell to the lord deputie, and so likewise from his lord- ship to them, order was taken for the more speedie conveiance of letters reciproke, there should be set posts appointed be- tweene London and Ireland.” A writer in the reign of James I., tells us that ‘'Every great man in the country hath his rhymer, his harper, and his known messenger to run about the country with letters.” In 1656, it having been found that the horse of the army were “ much wearied, and his highness^ af- fayres much prejudiced, for want of a post office to carry pub- lique letters,” the council employed Evan Yaughan, who speed- ily settled the stages, thereby easing the cavalry horses, who had previously been the only posts by whom public letters were con- veyed. Thurloe subsequently appointed Yaughan deputy post master, in conjunction with a Mr. Talbot ; previous to this, by order of the commissioners of parliament for the affairs of Ireland, the Irish treasury had been charged with an allowance of about £100 per annum to major Swift, postmaster at Holyhead, for the maintenance of fourboatmen added to the packetboatsat the rate of eightpence per diem, and eighteen shillings per month to each man for wages. Post houses appear to have been first established in the principal towns of Ireland late in the reign of Charles II., when also, as noticed in a former paper, the general post office of Dublin was removed to Eishamble-street, and the site of the old post house* in High-street occupied by the buildings still * In 1668 the building is stated to be a “ timber house in High-street, iH « with a large backside or garden plott reaching to Back Lane, now called / , the Post House and in the MS. Buie book of the Exchequer (A.D. / 1740, page 6) it is described as follows: — “ One messuage or tenement slated, commonly known by the name of the old Post Office, situate in High-street in the city of Dublin, extending in front about thirty feet, with yards backsides and buildings to Back lane, and tAvo tenements, stable and coach house to Back lane, sixty-two feet or thereabouts. Mear- ing and bounding on the east part to Mr. Reilly’s holding, and partly to a stable and coach house of Mr. (Cornelius) Callaghan’s on the east, partly to a concern fronting High-street belonging to Mr. Curtis, and partly to a concern fronting Back lane belonging to Mr. Donovan, on the north to High-street, and on the south to Back lane, and all that house and tenement wherein Mr. Kilburne formerly dwelt, containing eighty-one rooms, situate in Kilburn’s alley, between High street and Back lane, and also all that house formerly held by Mr. William Wise, and known by the name of the back-house of the Rose and Crown in High-street. Except the passage that leads from tnc said house called Kilburn’s house, through Timothy Earner’s house in High-street.” From the proceedings in this case it appears that the old Post Office was purchased in 1732 by Matthew Pagitt, who assigned it to Michael Reeves, gent, the latter was illegally dispossessed of it by James Maculla, against Avhom the assignee applied for an attachment in 1740. THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. known as Mac Culla^s court/^ apparently so called froni having been the residence of James Maculla, projector of a cppper coHiage for^IxdMd,^^ published at Dublin : Reasons and observations most humbly proposed by James Ma- culla of the city of Dublin, pewterer, artificer in divers metals, viz., pewter, brass, and copper, &c. For the manufacturing copper half- pence and farthings in the kingdom of Ireland, in order to reduce, and to pay off 50,0001. of the debt of the nation, and to circulate 200,0001. more in cash, than there is now in the same, and likewise to promote the manufacturing of copper sheets and bottoms of the ore and mine of the kingdom to the pront of many thousands of pounds to the country, all which will prevent the subjects losing at least 5001. per cent by the circulation of counterfeit halfpence, and will also stop the exportation of the silver specie to the unreasonable pro- fit of the exporters of 9391. sterl. per ann. But this will encourage the exportation of the lawful halfpence, to the exporter’s profit of 21871. per cent per ann. And also some observations why the nation refused Mr. Wood’s coyne, whereby they would probably have lost 383,8971. sterl. all of which will hereafter more fully appear.” 8vo. pp. 21. In the succeeding year he published another treatise on the same subject with the following title : — The lamentable cry of the people of Ireland to parliament. A coinage or mint, proposed. The parliament of Ireland’s address, and the king’s answer thereunto, relating to the coining copper half-pence and farthings for this nation. With several reasons and observations, shewing the great necessity there is for such a coin ; and a scheme laid down, demonstrating that the nation will have an increase in cash, as well gold and silver, as copper money, of two hundred and fifty thousand pounds, sterl. by means thereof : And that the said summ may be deemed all profit to the kingdom. By James Maculla of the city of Dublin, artificer in divers metals, viz. pewter, brass, and copper, &c. Dublin : printed by Edward Waters, 1728.” 4to. pp. 11. Swift, in 1729, published a “Letter on Mr. Maculla's pro- ject about halfpence,'' in which, addressing Dr. Delany, he says : — You desire to know my opinion concerning Mr. Mac Culla’s pro- ject of circulating notes, stamped on copper, that shall pass for the value of halfpence and pence. I have some knowledge of the man : and, about a month ago, be brought me his book, ■with a couple of his halfpenny notes : but I was then out of order, and he could not be admitted. Since that time, I called at his house, where I dis- coursed the whole affair with him as thoroughly as I could. I am altogether a stranger to his character. He talked to mein the usual style, with a great profession of zeal for the public good ; which is the common cant of all projectors in their bills, from a first minister THE STEEETS OF DUBLIN. of state down to a corn cutter. But I stopped him short, as I would have done a better man ; because it is too gross a practice to pass at any time, and especially in this age, where we all know one another so well. Yet, whoever proposes any scheme which may prove to be a public benefit, I shall not quarrel if it prove likewise very beneficial to himself. It is certain, that, next to the want of silver, our greatest distress in point of coin is the want of small change, which may he some poor relief for the defect of the former, since the crown will not please to take that work upon them here, as they do in England. One thing in Maculla’s book is certainly right, that no law hin- ders me from giving a payable note upon leather, wood, copper, brass, iron, or any other^ material (except gold or silver), as well as upon paper. The question is, whether I can sue him on a copper bond, where there is neither hand nor seal, nor witnesses to prove it ? To supply this, he has proposed, that the materials upon which this note is written, shall be in some degree of value equal to the debt. But that is one principal matter to be inquired into. His scheme is this : he gives you a piece of copper for a halfpenny or penny, stamped with a promissory note to pay you twenty pence for every pound of copper notes, whenever you shall return them. Eight and forty of these halfpenny pieces are to weigh a pound ; and he sells you that pound, coined and stamped, for two shillings : by which he clearly gains a little more than sixteen per cent ; that is to say, two pence in every shil- The Dean suggested that Maculla should give security for the quality of the metal in his tokens, and be required to limit their issue to a reasonable amount ; but, on the whole he re- commended that the projector should be rewarded for his inge- nious proposal, which he was of opinion might easily be brouo-ht to perfection by a society of nine or ten honest gentlemen of for- tune, who wished well to their country, and would be content to be neither gainers nor losers, farther than the bare interest of their money. Maculla commenced the issue of his tokens in 1728, and in the ensuing year he issued coins with the follow- ing inscriptions : obverse, Cash notes val received Dublin : n29. James Maculla. Penny,” in seven lines across the held 01 the com, and on the reverse ‘‘ I promise to pay the bearer on demand 20 pence a pound for these,” in seven lines across the field ; ''Cash notes val received : Dublin 1729. James Maculla 4,” in seven lines across, the reverse being the same as the former. His last coinage appears to have been in 1731 when he issued a coin containing on the obverse " Cash notes value reced. J Maculla,” in the centre a fleur de lis, and on the reverse " 1 promise 20 shillings pound ster” ; in the middle a figure of Justice standing between two pillars, in her rio'ht hand a sword and in her left a balance, the date, 1731, above. TUB IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. The booksellers and publishers resident in High-street were^ William Weston, printer and stationer to the lord deputy Tyrconnel, some of whose publications bear the imprimatur of Patrick Tyrrell, Eoman Catholic bishop of Clogher ; John Ware (1710) ; William Manning, publisher in 1726 of a news- paper styled The Dublin Post-man, being the most impartial advices foreign and domestick^^ ; Thomas Fleming at the “ Sal- mon,^’ publisher of engravings ; George Golding at the King’s head,” near Cornmarket (1740) ; T. Browne ; Edward Hamil- ton ; Eichard Bulkely ; Luke Dowling, a very eminent Eoman Catholic bookseller who died in 1758; and Eichard Pitz Simons, 1765. In High-street resided Humphrey French, who, from his conduct during his mayoralty in 1735, acquired the name of the “Good lord mayor.” French died in 1736, and in the suc- ceeding year, Swift, who, in 1731, had addressed to him a para- phrase of the ninth ode of the fourth book of Horace, wrote, from the Deanery house, as follows to George Faulkner* : — Sir, I have often mentioned to yon an earnest desire I had, and still have, to record the merit and services of the lord mayor, Hum- phrey French ; whom I often desired, after his mayoralty, to give me an account of many passages that happened in his mayoralty, and which he has often put off, on the pretence of his forgetfulness, but in reality of his modesty : I take him to be a hero in his kind, and that he ought to he imitated by all his successors, as far as their genius can reach. I desire you therefore to enquire among all his friends whom you are acquainted with, to press them to give you the parti- culars of what they can remember, not only during the general con- duct of his life, whenever he had any power or authority in the city, but particularly from Mr. Maple, who was his intimate friend, who knew him best, and could give the most just character of himself and his actions. When I shall have got a sufficient information of all these particulars, I will, although I am oppressed with age and infirmities, stir up all the little spirit I can raise, to give the public an account of that great patriot ; and propose him as an example to all future ma- gistrates, in order to recommend his virtues to this miserable king- dom. I am. Sir, your very humble servant, Jon. Swift.” The proposed biography was never published, and the sole memorial of its hero now preserved is a large mezzotinto por- trait inscribed — “ The good lord mayor.” It may be noticed here that Humphrey French’s eldest brother, Matthew French, * For a memoir of George Faulkner, see the third paper of the present series- Notices of William Maple, referred to in the above letter, will be found in the Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. II. and Vol. III. THIfi STRKfiTS OF DUBLIN. 4 ^'7 of Bally Imbbuck, co. Wicklow, married Elizabeth Leiithal, graiidaughter of the famous speaker of the English house of commons. Henry Tresham, one of our most eminent Irish painters, was born in High-street, and studied in Dublin under the eldei* West and Ennis, after which he was sent by sir Clifton Wint- ringham to Italy, where he sojourned for several years. Dur- ing his residence abroad, the eccentric bishop of Derry, con- ceiving that he was not sufficiently industrious, induced his friends to withdraw an annual pension which they allowed him of £100 per annum, thus suddenly placing the artist in a very difficult position. On his return from the Continent he finished several pictures, among which was a large picture of Adam and Eve, which became the property of lord Powerscourt. He painted several pictures for the Boydell Shakespeare gallery, and was engaged by the Longmans to edit their great publica- tion of engravings from the works of the ancient masters in the collections of the British nobility and gentry. His drawings with pen and ink, and especially with black chalk, were ad- mitted to possess the highest excellence, and in recognition of his acquirements he was admitted to the academies of Home, Bologna, and London. Tresham^s critical acquaintance with the history of the fine arts was very extensive, and lie was generally regarded as the highest authority of his day on all matters of virtu. On one occasion he purchased for £100 a quantity of Etruscan vases, which had been cast aside as refuse by Thomas Hope, an eminent collector ; Tresham, however, sold one half of the parcel to Samuel Bogers for £800, and transferred the remainder, with some subsequent additions, to the earl of Carlisle, who, in return, settled upon him a life annuity of £300. Tresham died in June, 1814, having left behind him the fol- lowing publications : — “ The sea sick minstrel, or maritime sorrows,'-’ a poem, in six cantos, 4to. 1796; Borne at the close of the eighteenth century," 4to. 1799 ; and Britannicus to Bonaparte, an heroic epistle with notes," 4to. 1803. At the house of his kinsman, William Dunbavin, no. 65 High-street, was performed, in November, 1798, the ceremony of waking the corpse of Theobald Wolfe Tone. William Dun- bavin, according to Dr. B. Madden, was totally opposed to Tone's political opinions. He was a member of a corps of yeomanry, and possessed some influence with the terrorists of the day. By means of that influence, THE HUSH QUARTEllLY REVIEW. probably assisted in high quarters by the interference of the Hon. George Knox, the body of Tone, and his effects — clothes, uniform, and sword, were given up to his friends The two Dunbavins, pro- vided with a written order, went with four men to the Provost for the body, and it was given up to them by major Sandys. It was taken to William Dunbavin’s house in High-street (where his father and mother were then living), and laid out in a room on the second floor. The surviving relatives state, that the mother bore up astonishingly against the trials which befell her in such quick succession ; but the poor father seemed to have been overwhelmed by this last calamity. — “ The body was kept two nights at Dunbavin’s. A great number of persons came and sat in the room where the corpse was laid out. At length an order came from government that the interment should immediately take place, and as privately as possible The funeral, in conformity with the orders of the authorities, was attended only by two persons, William Dunbavin and John Ebbs, a brazier, who resided in Bride-street : both were members of a corps of yeomanry. The remains of Theobald Wolfe Tone were interred in the ancient cemetery of Bodenstown, close to the wall (on the south side) of the ruined abbey that stands in the centre of the grave-yard, in the same grave where his brother’s remains were recently buried, and those of his grandfather and his uncles reposed.” I The line of street now known as Back Lane,^’ at the rere of the southern side of High-street, was in early times styled Yicus Eupelli,” Eochestrete,’^ and Eochelistrete/^ or I Eochelle-street. The original cause of these names having been I applied to this street is unapparent ; and the assertion that it i acquired its name from the merchants of La Eochelle by whom it was inhabited, is not supported by any documentary evidence. We find that Walter de Istelep, lord treasurer of Ireland, resided in this locality in 1822, and his house at the corner of Eoche-street in St. Nicholas-street, was granted, in 1345, by the king to Stephen Crophull. In an unpublished memoran- dum roll of the year 1556, this street is called Eosipelle- street ” it appears, however, in Elizabeth’s reign, to have been more generally styled Backe lane,” or the‘^Eochel lane,” by which latter name it was designated in legal documents so late as the middle of the last century. On the removal of the flesh shambles from High-street in the reign of James I., a range of buildings was erected and joined to those which formed the north side of Eochel lane, the southern side of which, bounded by the city wall, appears not to have been completely built upon in the year 1610. In 1629, a Chapel and Eoman Catholic University were established in Back-lane by the J esuits, of whose early history in Ireland few particulars have been preserved. Towards the THE STEEETS OF DUBLIN. -m end of the reign of Henry VIII., Ignatius Loyola, founder of the order, sent fathers Alphonsus Salmeron, and Paschasius Broet, two of his first companions, with Prancisco Zapata, to this country, wLere they remained for little more than one month. During the generalship of Prancis Borgia (1505 — 1572) the Irish mission began to be regularly supplied with fathers of this order, but until 1620, they were “ usually attached to the persons or houses of the gentry : after that period they obtained stations of their own, which increased to eight colleges and residences, some of which counted eight members in community and none less than three. The novi- tiate was at length established at Kilkenny, but shortly after- wards removed to Galway Of the Dublin Jesuits in the early part of the seventeenth century the most eminent were, Christopher Hollywood, or a sacro bosco,^^ who died in 1626, having presided over the order for twenty -three years, although he had been specially denounced by the King in his speech to parliament in 1614; Henry Pitz Simon, for some years pro- fessor of philosophy at the College of Douay, subsequently imprisoned as a dangerous controversialist in the Castle of Dublin ; and William Malone, who fortwenty-fouryears resided in Dublin, whence he was summoned in 1685 to preside over the Irish College at Eome, from which in 1647 he was dis- patched to Ireland as superior of the entire mission there.* The establishments of the Jesuits in Back-lane were in 1632 seized and sequestrated by government, by whom the college there was transferred to the University of Dublin. Of those buildings a writer in 1635 has left the following notice : — “ I saw the church, which was erected by the Jesuits, and made use by them two years. There was a College also belonging unto them, both these erected in the Back-lane. The pulpit in this Church was richly adorned with pictures, and so was the high altar, which * In reply to Malone’s paper called “The Jesuit’s Challenge,” Ussher in 1624 published his “ Answer to a challenge made by a Jesuit in Ireland,” to which Malone rejoined in “ A reply to Dr. Ussher’s answer about the judgement of antiquity concerning the Romish Religion,’’ 4to. Douay; 1627. Large numbers of Usher’s work were circulated, but Malone’s book was not allowed to come into Great Britain or Ireland, to which sir Henry Bourchier alludes as follows in a letter to the primate from London in March 1629. “ The Jesuit’s reply to your grace, is not to be gotten here ; those that came into England were seized, and for ought I can hear, they lie still in the Custom house : that which I used, was borrowed for me by a friend of the author himself, half ayear since, he being then herein London, and going by the name of Morgan.” TIIK HUSH QUAllTERLY REVIEW. was advanced with steps and railed out like cathedrals ; upon either side thereof was there erected places for confession : no fastened seats were in the middle or body thereof, nor was there any chancel ; but that it might be more capacious, there was a gallery erected on both sides, and at the lower end of this church, which was built in my lord Faulkland’s time, and whereof they were disinvested, when my lord chancellor (Loftus) and my lord of Corke executed by commis- sion the deputy’s place. This college is now joined and annexed to the college of Dublin, called Trinity college, and in this church there is a lecture every Tuesday.” A writer in 1643, arraigning the earl of Strafford’s govern- ment of Ireland, states that : — When the late lord chancellor Loftus, and the earl of Cork were lords justices, they endeavoured to suppress the Masse-houses in Dublin, and to convert them to pious uses, one of which was in the street called Back-lane they disposed of to the University of Dublin, who placed a rector and scholars in it, and maintained a weekly lecture there, to which lecture the lords justices and state of Ireland did usually resort, to the great countenance of the Protes- tant religion there. But after the earl of Stratford came to the government the lecture was put down, the scholars displaced, and the house became a Masse-house as it had formerly been.” The ground on which these edifices were erected appears to have been the property of the dean and chapter of Christ Church, by whom they were leased for forty years at the annual rent of twelve pounds to A¥entworth earl of Kildare, whence they acquired the name of Kildare Hall” and ^‘Kildare Chapel.” The '"Mass-house in Back-lane” which is des- cribed as a " fair collegiate building” was subsequently converted into a government hospital, for which purpose it was used till the conclusion of the reign of Charles II. and the present " Tailors' hall” is traditionally stated to have been built on its site. The tailors of Dublin were incorporated by two charters, dated respectively 20th May, 1417, and I6th July, 1418, ad- dressed to John Talbot, lord Eurnival, Thomas Talbot his brother, Laurence de Mereburil, knight, Hugh Burgh, Eoger Hawkinshaw, John Wyche, John Gland, Thomas Wallys, Eeginald Sueterby, John Corryngham, John Passavant, Tho- mas Case, Jolm Cruce, John Hynton, John Kyrkliam, David Bendy 11, William Barret, William Eedyard, John Lytyll, and James Yong. The charter authorized the foundation of a guild or fraternity of tailors (" artis scissorum”) within the city of Dublin, in honor of God, the blessed Virgin Mary, and St. THE STREETS OF DUBLIX. John the Baptist; the corporation, comprising both male and female members, was to be governed by a master and two wardens, and to have a chantry of one or more chaplains, to celebrate divine service daily in the chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary in the church of St. John, Dublin, for the benefit of the souls of the founders and members of the guild. This grant is registered on a memorandum roll of the year 1446 (*24 Henry VI.) and contains the clause, usual in the charters granted in the middle ages to the Dublin guilds, that no mem- ber of the fraternity should take any but English youths An- glicse nacionis”) as apprentices. Notwithstanding their charter, the corporation of Dublin tailors continued to use a seal bearing the arms of the company of merchant tailors of London until the year 1684, when they procured a grant from sir Diehard Carney, Ulster king-at-arms, whose patent to them sets forth that ‘‘ Now forasmuch as the said corporation haveing much contribu- ted and being signally serviceable in the most happy restauration of our most gratious sovereigne lord king Charles the second, and being requested by Francis Potts, master, William Story and David Hardy, wardens, Ind the rest of the said corporation of taylors to assigne and confirrae unto them theire heires and successors such a coate of armes as may properly he used by them without prejudice to any other corporation whatsoever, I therefore in compliance of this their rea- sonable request have granted and confirmed unto the said master and wardens and their successors for the use of the said corporation for ever these armes, crest, supporters and motto following, vizt : Argent a tent between two manches gules on a chiefe azure a lamb passant of the first between two Bizants Or ; for their crest on a helmet and wreath of their collours St. John the Baptist’s head proper in a charger Or mantled gules doubled argent, supported between two camels proper Bizanted standing on a scrowle with this motto (I was naked and ye clothed me) Nudus et operuistis me.'* The following accounts, furnished to lord Kingston in the reign of Charles II., and now published for the first time, throw some light on the jiistory of costume in Ireland at that period : — April 20th, 1670. For your lordship black shute : for canvass and stiffneing 3s. 6d. ; for 5 yards of callicoe 8s ; for 3 peeces of ri- bon lls. per peece 33s ; for silk and galloone 6s; for pocketts for shute and coate 7s ; for six dozen of coate buttones 6 doz vest 10s ; for 6 yards of broad ribon 5s ; for fine draweing vest and coate 3s ; for coallor and bone Is ; for makeing vest coate and breeches 18s ; for a pair of breeches for your man 9s ; — £5 3. 6. May 28th, 1670. fora peece of ribon 12s; for a sash £1 ; for a dozen of ribon 8s. £2:0: 0. July 10th, for your two shirts 8s ; for canvass and stif- fening 1 6s, 8d ; for 10 yards of callicoe 16s. 8d ; for silk and galloone THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 4 ^ ^ 12s ; for pocketts for 2 shutes and coates 6s ; for 16 dozen of coate buttons £1. 12. 0; for 9 dozen of brest buttons roope lase 9s; for buckram and firrett ribon 4s ; for two yardes of silver and silke lase £1.4. 0 ; for makeing your 2 shutes and coates £1. 8. 0 ; — £6. 19. 8. July 1 1th, for your lordship mourning shute and coate : for 8 yards of cloath at 26s per yard £10. 8. 0 ; for 20 yards of crape at 3s per yard £3 ; for one ell and a ^ of sarsnett 18s ; for one paire of woostead stockinges 9s; £14. 15. 0. July 11th, for canvass and stiffneing 3s ; for silk and galloone 5s ; for 5 yards of callicoe 7s ; for 5 dozen of buttons 5s ; for pocketts for shute and coate 4s ; for mak- ing vest, 'Coate, and breeches 14s; for fine draweing your vest 2s; " for firrett ribon and buckram 2s ; for 2 dozen of ribon 8s ; — £ 2. 10. 0 July 19th, 1670, for your lordship’s trumpetters : for 24 yards of serge at 4s per yd £4. 16. 0 ; for 12 yards of black serge at 3s per yd £1. 16. 0 ; for 9 yards of callicoe I3s ; for 4 yards ^ of Taby at 9s per yd £2. 0, 6 ; fbr ^ ell of sarsnett 6s ; for 30 dozen of lace 12 pds per doz £18 ; for 16 yds of fringe at 3s per yd £2. 8. 0; for three belts with buckles £1.4. 0; for 3 paire of stockinges 18s ; for 6 pieces of ribon 10s per peece £3 ; for 10 yards of dyed linen 14s ; for 3 paire of pocketts and cotton 6s ; for silk and galloone 18s ; for make 3 coates and breeches £3; for 3 hats £1. 4. 0; — £41.3.6: for 2 peeces of black ribon £1. 6 ; for a belt 8s ; — £1. 14. 0. April 20th, 1670, a blacke suite for my lorde £5. 3. 6 ; for ribbin and a sash £2. July 10th, for 2 saytes makeing £6. 19. 8; July 11th, my lord’s mourneing suite, cloth and materialls £14. 15 ; makeing ye suite £2.10; July 19th, the trumpiter’s clothes £41. 3. 6 ; black ribbin and a belt£1.14. 0;_£74. 5.8. “ Hatts delivered for the use of my lord Kingstowne as followeth : November ye 20th, 1688, 2 laker hatts delivered for the use of my lord at 12s per hatt £1. 4. 0. January ye 29, 1685, one black beaver and gould band for my lord, £4. 7. 0. February ye 5, 1685, one laker hatt for John Robinson 12s. February ye 20th, one laker hatt and band for my lord s page, 13s 6d. May ye 13th, 1686, one laker hatt for the rider 12s. April ye 17th, one black hatt and band for one of the grooms by Mr. William Ellis his order 5s. October ye 14th, one black beaver and band for my lord £3. 9. 0. October ye 15th, Mr, John Taylor, one laker hatt, I2s. Ditto Mr. John Taylor two french hatts, one laker hatt for the use of my lord, £2. 6. 0 £14. 4. 6. Reed from sir Robt King the sum of fourteene pounds in full of ye within bill, this 10th of July, 1688 per Reef Davis.”* ‘‘ Bought of Rich Nuttall at ye 3 squirrells in Castle-street, 6 yards J of superfine black Spanish cloth at 24s. 6d. £7 19. 3 ; 2 peeces brode crape ribbin 12s. 6d. £1 5s, Od ; 7 yards brode bumbuzeen 4s. per £1. 8. 0. 1 ell and ^ fine canvass 3s. per, 4s. 6d; 2 yards and a ^ silke at 2s. 6d. per, 6s. 3d ; 5 yards galloone 4d. per. Is. 8d ; 5 yards callicoe at 14d. 7s. 6d ; belt peeces and collar, 2s. ; hookes andys loop lace lOd ; 7 doz. newest coat buttons 12d. per doz, 7s; 6 doz of ye same make brests 4s ; 14 yards of 4d. ferrit at 4d. per, 4s; — £1 2. 10. *8. * In another account, dated 21st September, 1670, the following entries occur : — Two paire of fine black stockings, 8s ; two pair of kid and two paire of shainmay gloves, 7s 8d; sword for Mr. Robert, 14s. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ^^3 m5t After the Eevolution, the Protestant portion of the guild of tailors, anxious to obtain a monopoly by imposing disabilities upon their Eoman Catholic fellow tradesmen, petitioned Wil- liam III. for a new charter, on the grounds recapitulated as follows in the king’s reply to their application : — That the papists since the last rebellion have in great nn.mhers repaired to our city of Dublin, out of the country, and do work at the taylor’s trade in opposition to the petitioners, to the prejudice of our loyall subjects, and the great scandall and loss of the petitioners, they the said Papists committing many frauds and cheats, which can- not be prevented by the Protestants, unless we would be graciously pleased to grant unto them our royall charter to the like effect of their former charters, leaving out the Popish fopperies and superstitious ceremonies and uses, to which they and their predecessors were by their former charters obliged, that so the petitioners might become a Protestant fraternity or guild. To the end therefore that the pe- titioners and their successors might for ever commemorate the many and great blessings which they and other our Protestant subjects of that our kingdom, by the blessing of Almighty God on our arms, have enjoyed and still do enjoy, in releasing them from Popery and slavery, and establishing a Protestant government in that our king- dom, they therefore by their said petition humbly prayed that we would be graciously pleased to grant them a new^ charter, to the in- terests and purposes aforesaid.” The new charter, making the corporation exclusively Protes- tant, was passed at Kensington, on the 2nd of May, 1696, Charles Cox and William Ballance being then wardens of the guild. The Taylors’ hall appears to have stood in St. John'’s’ parish in the early part of the seventeenth century, and, from an inscription, we hnd tliat the present building on the north side of Back Lane w^as erected in the year 1706. On the 24th of J une, the annual anniversary of their patron, the corporation used to assemble at their hall, from which they marched in pro- cession to hear a sermon in St. John’s church, Pishamble-street, wlience they paraded to a tavern where they dined together. These annual displays afforded a theme to the satirists of the time, in one of whose lampoons in 1726 the following lines occur : — “ Now the sermon being ended, And the minister descended ; To the ‘ Castle’ or the ‘ Rose,’* Or whatever place you’ve chose, Be it ‘ Cock’ or ‘Lyon yellow, ’t Each one runs without his fellow, As in Lent the College schollars, Or a regiment without colours. Now the dinner’s on the table. Each one eats as fast as able. Each one eats as much as ten, For the Lord knows when agen ; * The “ Rose tavern” in Castle-street, see the second paper of the present series. + Tiie “ Cock ale-house’ ' and the “Yellow Lion tavern,” noticed in the account of St. We rburgli’s-strcet. Inisii Quaetekly Review, Vol. 11. 61 THE HUSH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Eat aa fast as hungry dogs, Or as fast os famish’d hogs. Eat ’till they are full as leeches, And then fill with meat their breeches, And perhaps a plate or spoon. Found by Butler* and the moon ; Now remov’d the cloath and dishes, Wine they swallow do-um like fishes. Now it flies about in glasses. Now they toast their dirty lasses, Now they see the candles double. Now they give the Drawer trouble. Now they throw away their poses. Now they break each other s noses, Now they make a rabble rout. Hats and wigs flie all about. Now they’re sprawling on the floor, Now they give the quarrel o’er; Now they part with lieavy curses, Broken heads, and empty purses. " The Taylors' hall in Back lane, being one of the largest pub- lic rooms in Dublin previous to the erection of the Music hall in Bishamble-street, was, in the early part of the eighteenth century, occasionally used for meetings, balls, musical perfor- mances, and auctions. We find notice of a magnificent en- tertainment given here in 1731 by lord Mountjoy to the lord lieutenant and chief nobility of the city ; a musical society held its assemblies in 1748 in this hall, which continued long to be the meeting place of various guilds — as the Barber surgeons,! Tanners, Hosiers, and Curriers. Meetings in favor of the Octennial bill" were held m the Tailors' hall in 1762; and a writer, some years later in the * Isaac Butler, a noted Dublin astrologer, almanac compiler and na- turahsH barbers, or guild of St. Mary Magda- lene, was established in Dublin by royal charter in 1446. A subsequent charter was granted by Elizabeth in 1576, and William Roberts, appoint- ed Ulster king of arms in 164’2, granted the guild the following arms: “ Farted by a crosse of England, charged with a lion passant gardant, aro'ent, crowned or ; these two coates armour quartered, viz. the first argent, a chevron gules betwixt three cinquefoyles azure ; the second coate armour azure, a harpe crowned or ; the third as the second ; the fourth as the first ; the creast, on a helme and wreath argent and gules, St. Mary Magdalene, &c. mantled gules ; double argent supported by a leopard proper and an Irish greyhound argent, each gorged with a ducal coronet, and standing on a scrowle with their motto, viz., Christi salus nostra.” In 1687 a new charter was given to the fraternity by James II. “ to renew the guild or corporation of barbers, of which the barbers, chirurgeons, apothecaryes, and periwig makers of the city of Dublin were members, to the intent that the severall arts and mysteryes of barber chirurgeons, apothecaryes, and periwig makers may be the better exercised.'' It is worthy of notice that James Crosby, of Dubhn, barber, was one of the witnesses examined on the trial of Charles I., when he deposed : That at the first fight at Newbury, about the time of barley harvest 1643, he did see the king riding from Newbury town, accompanied with divers lords and gentlemen, towards the place where his forces were then fighting with the parliament’s army.” THE STllEETS OF DUBLIN. L,CiS~ same century, makes the following observations on the mul- tifarious uses to which the building was then applied “ If variety has charms, the Taylors’-hall in Back lane, must be one of the most charming places in Dublin. Other edifices are des- tined to one use, or two at the most. Theatres serve only for amuse- ment, or to kick up a dust in ; churches are appropriated for the purpose of praying or sleeping ; and the Four-courts are the seats of justice, or chicanery ; but, the Taylors’-hall exhibits a number of con- trary scenes : on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, it is a dancing school ; on Thursdays, would-be heroes are taught to fence ; and on Tuesdays it is a swaddling meeting-house, that the students in the science of genteel murder, and those who amuse themselves with dancing, (called by the righteous the merry-go-round of the devil) may have their offences atoned for, and the place sanctified, at least once a week.” On the 2ncl of December, 1792, the general committee of the Irish Koman Catholics assembled at the Tailors'’ hall, which had been specially fitted up for the purpose. After voting Ed- ward Byrne of Miillenahac to the chair, it was resolved, that the meeting, as then constituted, with the peers and prelates, was the only organ competent to speak the sense of the Catholic body. The committee next determined that a petition should be pre- sented to the king, setting forth the grievances of the Irish Eoman Catholics, and praying for their relief. A draft of tire petition was read to tlie assembly and passed unanimously, with the exception of the final paragraph, which was objected to by Luke Teeling of Lisburn, who declared it to be too limit- ed in its demands, and moved, that in place of the paragraph then read, one should be inserted, praying that the Catholics might be restored to the equal enjoyment of the blessings of the constitution.'’^ « It is not easy to describe the effect which that speech had on the assembly. It was received with the most extravagant applause. A member of great respectability, and who had ever been remarked for a cautious and prudent system in his public conduct, (D. T. O’Brien, esq., of Cork,) rose to declare his hearty and entire concurrence in the spirit of the motion. « Let us not,’ said he, ^ deceive our sove- reign and our constituents, nor approach the throne with a suppres- sion of the truth. Now is the time to speak. The whole Catholic people are not to be called forth to acquiesce in the demand of partial relief.’ The question would now have been carried by acclamation, but for the interposition of a member, to whose opinion, from his past services, and the active part he had ever taken, the committee were disposed to pay every respect, (J. Keogh). He said, ^ that he entirely agreed with the spirit of the motion, and he was satisfied that they THE IRISH QUAR.T£RLy REVIEW. had but to ask and they should receive. But the meeting had already despatched a great deal of business, the hour was now late, and the question was of the very last importance.’ ‘ Have you,’ said the speaker, ‘considered the magnitude of your demand and the power of your enemies ? Have you considered the disgrace and the conse- quences of a refusal, and are you prepared to support your claim?’ The whole assembly rose, as one man, and raising their right hands, answered, ‘We are.’ It was a sublime spectacle. ‘ Then,’ contin- ued he, ‘ I honour and rejoice in a spirit which must render your success infallible ; but let it not be said that you took up a resolution of this infinite magnitude in a fit of enthusiasm. Let us agree to re- tire. We meet again to-morrow. We will consider this question in the mean time, and, whatever be the determination of the morning, it will not be accused of want of temperance or consideration.’ This argument prevailed, and the meeting adjourned.” It was subsequently decided here that the petition should be presented to the king in person, and on the 7th of December the committee elected by ballot the following members to per- form that office : — Edward Byrne, John Keogh, Christopher Dillon Bellew, John Edward Devereux, and sir Thomas Erench. The committee, which sat for a week at the Tailors" hall, acquired the name of the Back-lane parliament,"" from having been composed of representatives elected from the Eoman Catholics of the various counties in Ireland, and their petition, combined witli the state of the Continent, procured the partial relaxation of the Catholic disabilities in 1793. At the same period the grand l odge of Dublin Ereemaso ns used to assemble on the firS~T'1iim^"3aA*oT'Tv^ at the the meeting place of the Dublin Society of United Irishmen, the most pro- minent members of which were, Theobald Wolfe Tone, Archi- bald Hamilton Rowan, James Napper Tandy, Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey, Hon. Simon Butler, William Drennan, Oliver Bond, Thomas Russell, Henry Sheares, and Henry Jackson. This society was originally constituted for the purpose of forwarding a brotherhood of affection, an identity of interests, a communion of rights, and an union of power, among Irishmen of all religious persuasions, and thereby obtaining an impartial and adequate representation of the nation in parliament."’ Members were elected by ballot and paid one guinea admis- sion fee, together with one guinea annually by half-yearly payments, each member before his admission being required to take and subscribe a test, pledging himself to use all his abilities and influence to carry out the objects of the iustitu- THE STREETS OP DUBLIN. tion. The officers of the society consisted of a president, trea- surer, and secretary, who were severally elected every three months. The society met every second Friday night — oftener when necessary — the chair was taken at 8 p.m. from 29th Sep- tember to 25th March, and at 9 p.m. from 25th March to 29th September ; fifteen members formed a quorum, and no new business w^as allowed to be introduced after ten ohlock. Every respect and deference was paid to the president : his chair was raised three steps above the seats of the members, the secretary and treasurer being seated under him, two steps above the seats of the members. On his rising from the chair, and tak- ing off his hat, silence was established, and the members took their seats. The president was the judge of order and propri- ety, and was im powered to direct an apology, and to fine re- fractory members in any sum not above one crown ; if the member refused to pay ‘the fine, or to make the apology, he was thereupon expelled from the society. There were commit- tees of constitution, of finance, of correspondence, and of ac- commodation. The committee of constitution consisted of nine, that of finance of seven, and the committee of correspondence of five members. Each committee, in addition to occasional reports, made general reports on every quarterly meeting. Tlie treasurer was under the direction of the committee of finance, and the secretary was under the direction of the committee of correspondence. The^ election for committees was at every quarterly meeting _ decided by the majority of votes. Tiie secretary was furnished with a seal presenting a liarp, at the top were the words, I am new strung"’ ; at the bottom “ I i^ilibe heard ; andon the exergue, ^^Societyof United Irishmen of Dublin.’" _ The society continued to meet at the Tailors" hall until 1794, in which year one of tlieir meetings here was dispersed by the sheriff, who also seized upon their papers. The subsequent organization of the Society of United Irishmen for the purpose of establishing ^ republic in Ireland, forms an important por tion of Irish history. I he entrance to the Tailors" hall is through an iron gate enclosed in a limestone frame, on the entablature of wliicli is an inscription stating that the building was erected by the corporation of tailors in 1706. The gateway, portion of which runs under the drawing room floor of a house, leads to a flight of seven steps conducting to a small oblong open THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. space, which has been considerably curtailed by the offices of the adjacent houses ; in the wall bounding this space of ground to the east is inserted a tablet, now much decayed, apparently containing the royal arms of England surmounted with a cap of maintenance, and bearing the following in- scription : This wall belongeth to the corporation of tailors and was rebuilt by them in the year of our lord. An 1710. John Holmes, master. William Sharman, John Wilson, wardens.^^ The Hall’ is a long brick building, containing seven windows in a line across the front, and over the en- trance door, about the year 1770, was placed a large bust of George 111., which has been recently removed. On the western side of the building is the board room, a spacious and lofty apartment, measuring about 45 feet in length by 21 in width. This room was decorated with portraits of Charles^ I., Charles II., William III., Swift, and a curious ancient paint- ing of St. Homohon, a tailor of Cremona, who was said to have given all his labor to the poor, for which, and his life and miraculous actions, he was canonized in 1316.^^ On a veined white marble chimney-piece in the board-room is engraved the following inscription ; The gift of Christopher Neary, master; Alexander Bell and Hugh Craigg, wardens, 1784 d" at the eastern end of the apartment, over the door, is a small gallery opening from an upper room, which was used for consultation by the master and wardens of the corpora- tion. This is the only apartment on the second story, the other rooms in the building being next to the roof, from which they are lighted. Underneath the edifice are two kitchens and vaults, but the extent of ground at the rere is extremely limited. The paintings, plate, and other moveable property of the corporation of tailors were hurriedly disposed of immediately previous to the passing of the Beform Act. Some of the earliest meetings in favor of the temperance movement were held in the ‘‘ Tailors^ hall, which since the year 1841, has been used as the school of the corporation of tailors or guild of St. John the Baptist. A grant of houses in Back Lane'" was made in the reign of Charles II. to Jeremy Donovan, chief of the clan Lochlaiun O'Donovan, who was elected member of parliameut for Bal- timore in 1689, and appointed registrar of the Irish court of admiralty by James II. His residence in this locality vas, till the middle of the last century, known as the Donovan s }} arms. THE STREETS OE DEBLIN. Jonathan Gowan, bookseller and printer of the Dublin Gazette, resided in Back-lane at the sign of the Spijining Wheel/^ opposite to Maculla‘’s court, from 1734) to 1756 ; and a noted tavern known as the sign of Mother Kedcap/^ was kept here by Eobert Burrell, from the first years of the eighteenth century till it fell to decay about 1740. Eeferriiig to those times, a writer of the day says, I have frequently cakes and ale we used to have at the Organ-house onArbour-hill.'’^ At theeastern end of the High-street Jo h n le D ecer, mayor (^Dublin in 130 8,^ erected at his own expense a marble cis- ter n to receive water from the conduit for the be nefit of the citzens, such, says the old writer, as was never before seen there. The line of street to the w'estward of this cistern was styled the Newgate-street,^^ from the city portal called the New Gate,^^ cality where grain was usually exposed for sale, the Newgate- street subsequently acquired the name of the “ Corn-markeV^ In the Corn-market at an early period was located the Bull Eing,^^ of Dublin, of the officers connected with which a writer in the reign of Elizabeth gives the following account : — For the better training of their youth in martiall exploits, the citizens use to muster foure times by the yeare : on ^Blacke Mon- daie,’ which is the morrow of Easter daie, on Maie daie, Saint John I Baptist his eeve, and Saint Peter his eeve. Whereof two are as- cribed to the maior and shirifPs : the other two, to wit, the musters on Maie daie and Saint Peter his eeve, are assigned to the maior and shirilfes of the Bull-ring. The maior of the Bull-ring is an officer elected by the citizens, to be as it were capteine or gardian of the batchelers and the unwedded youth of the civitie And for the yeare he hath authorise to chastise and punish such as frequent brothelhouses and the like unchast places. He is tearmed the maior of the Bull- ring, of an iron ring that sticketh in the corne-market, to which the bulles that are yearelie bated be usually tied : which ring is had by him and his companie in so great price, as if anie citizen batcheler hap to marrie, the maior of the Bull-ring and his crue conduct the bridegroome upon his returne from church, to the market-place, and there with a solemne kisse for his ultimum vale, he dooth homage unto the Bull-ring.” The mayor of the Bull-ring frequently accompanied the mayor and sheriffs of the city on their military expeditions ; the THE IllISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. l ^^0 office^ however, appears to have fallen into desuetude in the reign of James I. and the last reference we find to the Bull Bing is in the unpublished '' Liber tenuarum provincise Lagenise/" which mentions Bartholomew Ball as holding a tenement at Le Bulringe,’^ in 1632. The date of the erection of theiN^ew Gate has not been as- certained, but from the charter of the hospital of St. J ohn it ap- pears to have been standing in 1188, and in the ancient laws of the city we find the following enactment : — The second watchman (vigilator) shall begin his patrole at the New^ Gate, and so tlirough the High-street to the new Tholsel, and so far as St. Patrick's gate, including Eochel-street (vicus Bupelle), and the three lanes (venellse,) namely, St. AudoeiTs-lane, Gil- lamocholmog's-lane, and the other lane leading to the house of Thomas leMarechal." During the middle ages thelN^ew Gate was used as the town-gaol, and tlie prisoners there confined to appear have been mainly supported by tlie charity of the citizens. Of the attack made upon it in 1535 by Thomas Fitzgerald, after he had failed in his attempts to take the castle and to obtain in- gress to the city, an old writer has left the following account : — “ The greater number of the rebels assembled to Thomas his court, and marched to St. Thomas his street, rasing down the partitions of the row of houses before them on both sides of the street, finding none to withstand them : for the inhabitants fled into the citie, so that they made a long lane on both the sides like a gallerie covered all over head, to shield as well their horssemen as their footmen from gunshot. This done they burnt the new street, planted a falcon* right against the New Gate, and it discharged, pearsed the gate, and_ kild an apprentise of Thomas Stephans, alderman, as he went to bring a basin of water from the high pipe, which by reason the springs were damd up, was at that time drie. Richard Stanton, commonlie called Dicke Stanton, was then gailor of the New Gate, a good servitor and excellent markeman, as his valiant service that time did approve. For besides that he gald divers of the rebels as they would skip from house to house, by causing some of them with his peece to carrie their er- rands in their buttocks ; so he perceived one of the enimies leveling at the window or spike at which he stood : but w nether it were, that the rebell his pouder failed him, or some gimboll or other was out of frame, Stanton took him so trulie for his marke, as he strake Ifim with his bullet full in the forehead under the brim of his scull, and withall turned up his heeles. Stanton not satisfied with his death, issued out at the wicket, stript the varlot mother-naked and brought in his peece and his attire. The desperatnesse of this fact disliked of * A species of cannon. Camden tells us that pieces of artillery had names given them, “ some from serpents or ravenous birds, as ^Culve- rines or Colubrines, Serpentines, Hasilisiiucs, FaulcovSy Sacres. ’ THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. the citizens, and greatlie stomached of the rebels, before Stanton re- turned to his standing, the enimies brought faggots and tiers to the New Gate, and incontenentlie fired them. The townsemen perceiving that if the gate were burnt, the enimies w'ould be encouraged upon hope of the spoile, to venter more tiercelie than if they were incountred without the wals, thought it expedient presentiie to charge them. To this exploit they were the more egerlie moved, because that not- withstanding Thomas his souldiors were manie in number ; yet they knew that the better part of his companie bare but hollow hearts to the quarrell : for the number of the wise gentlemen of the pale did little or nothing incline to his purpose. And therefore, when he beseiged the citie, the most part of those arrowes, which were shot over the walles, were unheaded, and nothing annoied them : some shot in letters, and foretold them of all the treacherous stratagems that were in hammering. That espied the citizens, and gathering the faintnesse of his souldiors thereby, blazed abroad upon the walles triumphant newes, that the king his armie was arrived ; and as it had been so indeed, suddenlie to the number of four hundred rushed out the New Gate, through flame and fire upon the rebels, who (at the first sight of armed men) weening no lesse but the truth was so, otherwise assured, that the citie would never dare to re-incounter them, gave ground, forsooke their capteins, dispersed and^ scattered into diverse corners, their falcon taken, an hundred of their stoutest galloglasses slaine. Thomas Fitzgirald fled to the graie friers in S. Francis his street, there coucht that night, unknown to the citie, until the next morning he stale privilie to his armie not far ^off, who stood in wonderful feare that he was apprehended. Thomas his courage by this late overthrow somewhat cooled, and^ also being as- suredlie told, that a fleete was espied a farre off, bearing full sail to- wards the coast of Ireland, he was soon intreated, having so^ manie irons in the fire, to take eggs for his monie : and withall, having no forren succor, either from Paulus tertius or Charles the lift, which dailie he expected, he was sore quailed, being of himself though strong in number of souldiors, yet unfurnished of sufficient munition and artillerie, to stand and withstand the king his armie in a pitcht field, or a maine battell. Upon this and other considerations, to make as faire weather as he could, he sent James de la Hide, Linche of the Knocke, William Bath of Uollarstowne, Doctor Traverse, Thomas Field of Painstowne, as messengers to the citizens, to treat with them of a truce, who being let in at the New Gate, repaired to William Kellie his house, where maister maior and his brethren were assembled.” The most valuable and accurate description extant of the various gates and towers of the city of Dublin is that con- tained in the following document, now printed for the first time. The original is preserved in the State Paper Office, London, and appears to have been compiled towards the close of the sixteenth, or in the first years of the seventeenth cen- tury : — THE IKISM QUARTERLY REVIEW. 9 ?<) ** A note of the whole CiTCuite of the Cittie walles from the Tuwre called Bremeghams Towre of the Castell, unto the Easts Gate called the Dame (h )is gate of the said Cittie, acordinge to the — direccion of the Right Honnourahle the L. Deputie.” fiy Tcfk*^ 'TcAAyL'^ Inprimis. From Bremighams Towre to * Stanirste (h)is Towre is one hundred and ninety-six foote distant, whereof there is next the said Brernyghams Towre sixty-four foote wdthin the Castell diche not rampered ; and from thens to Stanirste is Towre beinge one hundred and thirty-two foote is sufficientlie rampiered and firme grounde, twenty foote hie from the fundacion of the wall ; which wall is twenty-eight foote hie, wherof eight foote is abowe the said rampier, besydes the garettes, and seven foote thicke. The said Stanirste (h)is Towre is rounde withowte the wall, and skware within, three stories hie with three tymber loftes, and in the loer storie three lowpes,f in the seconde storie one lowpe, and in the third storie twoe lowpes ; the wall six foote thicke, nineteen foote sqware within, and the Towre forty-six foot hie, besydes the garettes. “From Stanihurst (his) Towre to the Pole GateJ is one hundred and sixty-eight foote distant, and the wall and rampier agreeinge in like height and thicknis as the other parte of the said wall, and rampier aforsaide. “ The Tow^re over the said Pole Cate is a sqware Towre, with twoe stories, the loer storie upon a vawte with three lowpes, and the upper storie, a timber lofte, and the wall five foote thicke and fourteen foote sqware within, and the. Towre forty-six foote hie, besydes the garettes from the fundacion of the wall with a perc wiles for the same Cate. “From the Pole Cate to the Towre called Cenevers (Joinville’s) Towre no we in Mr. Parckins pocession is one hundred and eighty- six foote distant, and the wall and rampier agreinge in licke height and thicknis as the other parte of the said wall and rampier aforsaid. “The said Ceneviers Towre is rounde withowt the w^all and sqware within, three stories hie, with twoe timber loftes, and in the loer storie one lowpe, in the seconde storie onelardge lowpe, and the wall eight foote thicke ; twelve foote sqware in one u aye and sixteen foote another waye, and the Towre forty-six foote hie. “ From Ceneviers Towre to St. Nicholas Cate is two hundred and fifty-twoe foote distant, and the wall and rampier agreinge in licke height and thicknis as the other parte of the said wall and rampier aforesaid. St. Nicholas Cate have towe rounde towres withowt and sqware within, and the said Cate placed betwixte bothe the Towres, * The Stanihursts, from whom this tower was named, were of conside- rable eminence as citizens of Dublin in the fifteenth and sixteenth cen- turies. t Loop holes. j At the southern end of Werburgh’s-street. See an account of that locality, in the first paper of the present series. THE STREETS 0 ¥ DUBLIN. m every Towre three heightes, whereof twoe loftes, and fowre lowpes in every Towre, the wall five foote thicke, thirty -nine foote in leinthe one waye, and eighteen foote brode the other waye, and the Towre forty-fyve foote hie, with a percwlles for the same Gate. ‘‘From St. Nicholas Gate to the Towre in sir Wm. Sarsfeldes* pocession is three hundred and twelve foote distant, whereof there is seventy-fowre foote nexte adjoyninge unto St. Nicholas Gate, of the wall but sixteen foote hie, and the firme grounde nine foote hie within the said wall, and the reste being two hundred and thirty- eight foote is fowre foote and a halfe thicke, sixteen foote hie besydes the garettes and a rampier within of fifteen foote thicke, and nere as hie as the wall in the insyde ; besydes the buttris, which is from the botom of the diche to the fundacion of the wall nineteen foote goode, by estimacion. “ The said Towre in sir Willm Sarsfeldes poce'ssion is a demy rounde Towre, fylled with earthe, and nether vawte nor lofte, with fowre lowpes, eleven foote sqware within, the Towre, and the wall fowre foote demy there, and sixteen foote hie, ewin with the wall before. “From the Towre in sir Willm. Sarsfeldes pocession to the smalle Towre in the pocession of Mr. Christopher Sedgrave is three hundred and forty foote distant, and the wall and rampier with the buttris withowte the said wall agreinge in lipke height and thick- nes as the other parte of the said wall, rampier and buttris before mencioned ; savinge that there is no rampier within eighty foote neate adjoyninge to the said Towre in Mr. Sedgraves pocession. “ The said Towre in Mr. Sedgraves pocession is a demy rounde Towre, with twoe vawtes, one eqwall with the wall with three lowps, the other with a paire of stayres goinge upe into it from the wall an covered for a feue to stand upon, with a garet abowt, and eleven foote longe one waye and six foote another waye, the Tow're twenty-six foote hie, and fowre foote thicke. “From the Towre in Mr. Sedgraves pocession to the Towre in Mr. Richard Fagan (hjis pocession is ninety foote distant, and the wall agreeinge in like height and thicknis as aforsaid, and no rampier within the said parte of the wall, but the licke buttris withowt as befor. “ The said Towre in Mr. Fagans pocession is a rounde Towre withowte, and sqware within, and nether vawte nor lofte, but a waye goinge upe unto the toppe ; being ten foote sqware upon the , toppe, with a garett, and fyve lowps in the waye going upe ; and the Towre thirty -twoe foote hie and twoe foote thicke besydes the thicknis of the stayres. “From the Towre in Mr. Fagans poce^ssion to the Sowtheaste Towre of the Neue Gate is one hundred and twenty foote distant, the wall seventeen foote hie and fyve foote thicke, and no rampier * Mayor of Dublin in 1566, in which year he was knighted for his services against Shane O’Neil, and for rescuing lady Sidney from the Irish. He died in 1616, and was the ancestor of the famous Jacobite, earl of Lucan. THE llilSli QUAKTERLY REVIEW. 47 ^ 972 within the said wall, but howses jojning close to the said wall within, and the licke buttris withowte the said wall as the other parte of the said wall have before. The Keue Gatte hawe twoe Towres, and every Towre is three heightes, with twoe smale towrettes in the tope, and the gatte howse standes betwixt bothe the saide towres, the loer storie of every Towre is vawted, and the other twoe stories lofted ; every towre is twelve foote sqware within the wall, and the wall fyve foote thicke, and every rowme twoe lowpes. The Gatte Howse is forty foote one waye and fifteen foote another waye, and the height of boethe the said Towres from the pavment to the leads is forty foote, besydes the garettes, and there is a percwlles for the same gatte.* «From the North Towre of the Neue Gatte to the Towre in Mr. Nicholas Fitzsymons pocession is one hundred and eighty foote dis- tant, the wall four foote thicke and twenty-twoe foote hie, with a buttris withowte as before, and no rampier within, but howses close yoyninge to the wall within. The said Towre in Mr. Fitzsimons po- cession is a sqware Towre, fowre stories hie, with three loftes and no vawte, twoe lowpsln the loer storie, three lowps in the seconde storie, fowre lowps in the third storie, and fowre lowps in the fowrthe storie • the Towre thirty-two foote hie, sixteene foote sqware, and three foote thicke. * Between this gate and St. Patrick’s gate was the street styled in ancient times “ Bertram’s court,” from Bertram de Verdon, who came to this country with prince John in 1185, and obtained the barony of Dundalk and lordship of Clonmore, and other estates in the county of Louth, together with the office of seneschal of Ireland. Roesia, the only daughter of his son Nicholas de Verdon, was, by the special interfer- ence of the king, married to Theobald le Botiller, ancestor of the house of Ormond. The issue of this marriage was John de Verdon, who married Matilda, daughter and coheiress of Gilbert de Lacy, thereby obtainimT one moiety of Meath, and the office of constable of Ireland. Their son Theobald de Verdon, from the extent of his possessions, sat as baron in the parliaments of England and Ireland, and on the death of his son the family estates were divided among the husbands of his four daughters and coheiresses, in consequence of the extinction of the direct mate line of ‘‘ one of the most potent families that ever settled in Ireland, and decidedly as illustrious and as ancient a race of peers as ever flourished in England since the Norman conquest.” Among the MSS. of the Uni- yersity of Dublin is preserved a grant made by the corporation of Dub- lin in 1305 to Roger de Asheburn and his heirs, of a certain ditch (quoddam fossatum) without the walls of Dublin, near Bertram’s court (curia Bertrami) extending from the tenements near the new gate as far as the ground near the gate of St. Patrick’s towards the south, and lying in breadth between the place where the fairs are held (locus nun- dinarum) and the wall of the city of Dublin. It also appears, that during the mayoralty of John li Waret, Philip de Duraham granted to the monastery of All Hallows, Dublin, to provide wine for divine ser- vice, an annual rent of forty-two pence accruing from land held by Adam de Wolbcter in Bertram’s-street. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. ^y6 MS “ From the Towre in Mr. Fiszsymons pocession to Gormondes* Gate is one hundred and forty foote distant, the wall twenty foote hie and fyve foote thicke, and no rampier within, with a buttris withowte, as befor. The said Gormondes Gate is a sqware towre, twoe stories hie, wherof one rowme is upon a vawte, with three loups, the other rowme is a timber lofte, with three lowpsand a slate roofe. The Towre is sqware, eighteen foote one waye and fifteen foote another waye, the wall fyve foote thicke and thirty foote hie, with a percwlles for the same gate. “From Gormondes Gate to a Towre in Willm Harbardes poces- sion is three hundred and eight foote distant, the wall twelve foote hie, and fyve foote thicke, and no rampier within, but bowses close yoyninge to the said wall, with a small buttris of six foote hie with- owte. “The said Towre in Willm Harbardes pocession is a sqware Towre, twoe storie hie, the loer storie is a timber lofte with three lowps, the other storie is vawted over, with three lowps. The Towre is sqware, sixteene foote one waye, and ten foote anotherwaye, and the wall fyve foote thicke and thirty-twoe foote hie. “From the Towre in Willm Harbardes pocession to Mr. Willm Ushers howse is one hundred and forty foote distant, the wall fowr- teene foote hie and fyve foote thicke, and no rampier within nor buttris withowte. “ The wall of one syde of the said Mr. Ushers howse to the Bridge Gatte is one hundred and four foote, the wall fowre foote thicke and nineteene foote hie, and the grounde is firme, five foote hie within the said wall, and the Liffie goethe hard by, and at every full sea it floes upe against the said wall, beinge a springe tyde. “ The said Bridge Gate is a sqware Towre, towe storie hie, the loer storie is a vawte with towe lowps, the upper storie is a timber lofte and no lowpe. The Towre is sqware, eighteene foote one waye and fowrteene foote another waye, the wall seven foote thicke and thirty foote hie from the pavment. “ From the Bridge Gate along the marchaunt key to Prickettes Towre is eight hundred and forty-three foote distant, and the key nine foote hie from the channell to the pavment. “ The said Towre in Prickettes pocession is a sqware towre, with a Towret in the tope on the Easte syde, the Towre thirty foote sqware one waye and twenty-eight foote the other way, the wall three foote fowre inches thicke and thirty-four foote hie ; and no heightes but one timber lofte in the sqw'are, and towe small vawtes in the towret, and no lowps but a wyndoe to the Easte syde. * Called also Ormond-gate and thence corrupted into “ Wormwood- gate.” The name of Ormond is derived from the Irish Tar Mumhain, or West Munster, the corruption of which into “Wormwood” is noticed as follows by a Latin writer of the sixteenth century : — “Hasc Latine Ormondia dicitur, Hibernicis Orwown, id est Frons Momoniae, Anglis Ormond, et plurimis corruptissime Wormewood.’’ The author of “ Cambrensis E versus” endeavours to argue that this gate received its name from O’Gorman, an Irish chief. THM illISM UUAlVi'EIiLY UKVIEW. “From Pricketes Towre alonge the woode key to Mr. Flandes* Castell is three hundred and fifty-six foote distant, and the key agreinge in height from the chanell to the payment, as before. The said Mr. Fians castell is a sqware Towre, fowre storie hie, thirty-eight foote sqware one waye and twenty foote another waye, towe spickes or lowps in the loer storie, and windoes in every of the other rowmes, the wall fowre foote thicke and forty-towe foote hie, and the grounde firme, eight foote hie from the chanell within the castell. “From Mr. Fians castell to a small Towre in the pocession of Fitzsymonds of Balmadroght is one hundred and forty-four foote distant, and the payment from the channell agreinge in height as the key before. “ The said Towre in Fitzsyraons pocession is a small rounde towre withowt and sqware within, one timber lofte with towe rowmes and towe lowps in every rowme ; twelve foote square one waye and fowr- teene foote the other waye ; the wall three foote thicke and twenty-two foote hie, and the earthe hie within the said Towre, eight foote as before. “ From Fitzsymons Towre to Issoldes Towre is one hundred and seventy-four foote distant, and the pavement from the chanell agre- inge in height as before. The said Issoldes Towre is a rounde Towre towe storie hie, eighteene foote sqware within the wall, and the wall nine foote thicke and forty foote hie from the channell, one timber lofte and a plate forme in the toppe, with three lowps in every rowme. “ From Issoldes Towre to an olde Towre called Buttevantes Towre is one hundred and six foote distant, the wall twenty-two foote hie in the owt syde, and fyve foote thicke, and firme grounde within the said wall twelve foote hie from the channell withowte, so the grounde within is within ten foote as hie as the said wall. “ The said Buttevantes Towre is an ould square menus Towre, with one vawte, and the wall four foote thicke, thirty foote hie from the channell and twelve foote sqware within the walles, and the grounde eight foote hie within the said Towre from the channell. “From Buttevantes Towre to the rounde halfe Towre adyoyning to Mr. Robert Bise is howse, is one hundred and eighty-eight foote distant, the wall and grounde within agreinge in height and thicknis as the other parte of the wall before. The said Towre yoyninge to Mr. Bise (■h)is howse, is a demy Towre with three storie heightes, no vawt, but towe loftes, with three lowps in the loer rowme, and towe lowps in the second rowme, the wall four foote thicke, twenty-six foote hie, and sixteene foote sqware within the walls. “From Mr. Bise (h)is Towre to the Easte Glatte called Dames Gate is one hundred and eight foote distant, the wall seventeene foote hie, and five foote thicke, and the grounde firme within, agreinge in height with the reste before. * Noticed in the first paper of the present series. A further account of Isod’s tower will be hereafter given. THE ST:^.EETS of DUBLIN. “ The depthe of the Liffie from the bridge to over against Mr. Wal- ter Balles howse is six foote demy ; from over againste Mr. Balles howse to over againste Mr. John Forsters howse is four foote demy ; from over againste Mr. Forsters howse to over againste Pricketes Towre is six foote; from over againste Prickettes Towre to over againste Mr. Fians Castell is fowre foote ; from over against Mr. Fi- ans Castell to the West ende of Mr. Brownes building, is three foote ; from over againste the West ende of Mr. Browns building to over againste Issoldes Towre is four foote, See. There can be sixe foote depte of watter at leaste drawen in to all the diches aboute the towne, with chardges done upon cleaning of the said diches, and upon mackinge of slwssis for to staye the watter where the grounde do not meete in height lewell. A note of the severall sorttes of Ordenance at this present helovginge to the Cittie^ as apearithe in the Cittie hoohe thereof. “ Item. Four Mynions of brase with their cariadges. Item. One doble Rabonet and towe single Rabonetes of brase, upon one cariadge. “ Item. Towe doble Ilabonetes of brase, not throghlie fynished. “ Item. One Fauconet of brase, with the cariadge. Item. Towe Rabonetes more of brase, with the cariadges. “ Item. One doble Portingall of brase, with the cariadge. Item. Fowre peeces of Iron called Slinges, with there cariadges.^ “ Item. More towe Slinges of iron, with theire cariadges. “ Item. Towe doble Basses of iron, with theire chambers. ‘‘ Item. Five single basses of Iron.” In the city wall close to the southern side of the New Gate, was a building called the Watch tower,” where a sentry usually stood to guard the prisoners confined in the gaol. In the course of some repairs executed during the Protectorate, the two towers of Newgate next to the city were removed, the other two, on the w^estern side, being allowed to re- main. Between Newgate and Wormwood gate, on the nor- thern side, stood a square tower, noticed at page 972, which in the early part of the seventeeth century w^as styled ‘^Browne^s Castle,^’ from its proprietor, Richard Browne, who kept his mayoralty in 1614, 1615 and 1620, in this building, in a backroom of which the proscribed Roman Catholic priests used to celebrate Mass privately in the reign of James I. Browne^s castle was subsequently converted into an inn, which acquired the_name of the Black dog” from tlm sign o f a Talbot or hound there susp ended. The proprietor, named Barton, was committed by the house of lords in 1661, for having declared in conversation that ‘^‘'the earl of Drogheda was a cheating knave, and that he thought all the lords in THE IRISH QUARTERiTy REVIEW. Ireland were no better ” and early in the eighteenth century the ^ jBlac k D og^'" w as used as the marshal sea prison of the sheriff of the city of Dublin. Dr. OliverTTuhkefl^'^bman Catholic primate of Ireland, was committed to Newgate in December, 1679, and confined there till October, 1680, when he was removed to London, where he was subsequently executed. Another distinguished in- habitant of this gaol was the Eev. Thomas Emlyn, who having been found guilty in 1704, of publishing a treatise in advo- cacy of the doctrine of the IJnicarians, was sentenced in the qneeiTs courts to pay a fine of £1000, and to undergo a year’s imprisonment. Lor three months he remained a pri- soner in the house of the sheriff, whence he was suddenly hurried to Newgate, and placed among the felons in a close room containing six beds, and after having continued there for about five weeks, he procured his removal to the marshalsea. During his sojourn in the “Black Dog,” Emlyn wrote a treatise in support of his opinions, and preached on every Sunday to the confined debtors in a large room whicli he had hired for the purpose, at which many of his former congregation attended, although his brother Presbyterian ministers, with one exception, forsook him during his incar- ceration, which continued till 1705, when he obtained liis release from gaol and a reduction of the fines imposed upon him. Emlyn’s writings have been long held in esteem by the Uni-^ tarians, and the inscription on his monument records that he was, “ to the shame and reproach of a Christian countiy, per- secuted even to bonds and imprisonment, and the spoiling of his goods, for having maintained the supreme unequalled ma- jesty of the one God and Bather of all.” Innumerable disorders and irregularities prevailed during the early part of the eighteenth century in the gaols of Dublin, "which at that period were no better regulated than other European prisons. The offices of keeper of the gaol of Newgate and that of the sherift‘’s marshal were generally executed by a single individual, who received a salary of ten pounds per annum from the city, and usually presented the sheriff with a gratuity of twenty guineas, making the “ Black Dog” that officer’s prison. A great portion of the abuses in the gaols arose from the grants of Henry V., Bichard III., and Edward YL, by whicli the mayor, bailiffs and recorder of Dub- lin, and their successors were constituted justices of the peace. THIS STREETS OF DUBLIN. and of oyer and terminer ; similar powers were also conferred by Charles I. upon the six senior aldermen of the city and other members of the corporation. These functionaries^ at the commencement of the last century, committed the entire management of this department of their offices to clerks, who paid their employers a percentage on all fees received. These clerks generally kept dram shops, and were in league with a number of constables, who constantly arrested citizens on the most frivolous pretexts, and the clerks being provided with blank warrants, signed by the aldermen, their employers, committed their victims immediately to the Black Dog,' where they were incarcerated until they had discharged the fees demanded from them. The constables, who were gene* rally men of the lowest grades, committed the grossest enor- mities in the discharge of their office. They obtained large rewards for apprehending persons whom they pretended it would be extremely difficult to arrest, while at the same time they were privately bribed to forbear by the parties whom they had been paid for pursuing ; and after having captured an unfortunate debtor, they made use of every artifice to extort money from him while awaiting the arrival of his bail. The number of constables and sheriffs' bailiffs in Dublin in 17^9 b eing found To amount to two thousand, tlie lords justices and privy council ordered the several church wardens to return the names of the constables in their respective parishes, aad having reviewed them upon Oxmantown-green, reduced them considerably, allowing four to every justice of the peace, twenty to the lord mayor, six to the city marshal for the service of his marshalsea, twelve to the gaoler of Newgate, and three to the master of the house of correction, all to be persons of good behaviour and Protestants, and to have their names and places of abode constantly posted at the Tholsel. Ashenhurst Isaack, gaoler of Newgate, was discharged from his situation in 1731, on a charge of having permitted a number of prisoners to escape : notwithstanding which, he received £245 for his goodwill of the office from John Hawkins, who also paid the mayor and sheriffs £100, as a gratuity for having secured him the appointment. Hawkins had originally been an attorney's clerk, subsequently prac- tised as a bailiff, and was appointed keeper of the house of correction, whence he was transferred to the gaolership of 62 THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Newgate, which, under the management of him and Mrs. Hawkins, became the scene of the most flagrant abuses. In both Newgate and the Black Dog,'^ the gaoler carried on an extensive trade by selling liquors to the prisoners, who, on entering the latter place, although for only one night, were immediately called upon to pay 2s. 2d. for what was styled a penny pot \ ^ if the prisoner refused to comply with this demand, he was abused, violently beaten and stripped ; persons not having sufficient money to pay the impost were dread- fully maltreated and their clothes seized and sold to supply the necessary funds. In the Black Bog^^ there were twelve rooms for the reception of prisoners, two of which contained five beds each ; the others were no better than closets and held but one bed each. The general rent for lodging in these rooms was one shilling per night, for each man, but in particular cases a much higher price was charged. It frequently happened that four or five men slept together in one bed, each individual still paying the rent of one shilling, wdiich at the close of the week was collected by Mrs. Hawkins, wife of the gaoler. Prisoners unable to meet these demands were immediately dragged to a damp subterranean dungeon, about twelve feet square and eight high, which had no light except that which was admitted through a common sewer, which ran close by it, carrying off all the filth and ordure of the prison, and rendering the atmosphere almost insup- portable. In this noisome oubliette, called the ^^Nunnery,^^ from being the place where abandoned females apprehended by the watch were regularly lodged, frequently fourteen and sometimes twenty persons were crowded together, and there robbed and abused by criminals, who, although under sentence of transportation, were admitted to mix among the debtors ; and if any person attempted to come up stairs in the daytime, to obtain air or light, he was menaced, insulted and driven down again by Hawkins or his satellite Martin Coffey, the turnkey of the gaol. Among the many instances of the brutality of Hawkins, we may mention his treatment of Edmond Donnelly, a gentleman who was arrested on a sheriff's writ for £400 while confined to bed with a broken leg. Notwithstanding Donnelly’s offer to pay any requisite number of bailiffs to guard him until his health was restored, and despite the representations of the surgeon, he was carried at 9 p.m. from Church-street, in his bed supported by chair poles THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. upon men's shoulders and laid at the door of the “ Black Bog, " whence hewas dragged to the ‘^Nunnery/' where his leg was again broken in passing down the winding stairs, and in this dungeon he lay for two months, during which the water frequently rose to the level of his bed, which literally rotted under him. Surgeon JohnAudouin, of Wood -street, executed in 1729, for the murder of a servant woman, during the six weeks which elapsed between his conviction and execu- tion, was known to have expended three hundred pounds in the “ Black Bog," the greater part of which sum was paid to prevent Hawkins from carrying out his daily threat of loading him with irons and transferring him to Newgate. On the night before Audouin's execution his money and valuables were seized by the gaoler, who subsequently demanded one hundred pounds, and received thirty guineas for the dead body. Persons committed by the judges of the king's bench, the lord mayor, or justices of the peace for the city, w^ere lodged in Newgate, where by the collusion of the gaoler with the con- stables, they were frequently detained for many days without a committal. Prom these, 4d. pence per night was exacted for not being confined in the felons’ room, and Is. 4d. for a penny pot," those who refused being stripped of their clothes by the common executioner, beaten, and, in some cases, chained. The management of this department of the estab- lishment was committed to Isaac Bullard, the under keeper, who exacted his fees in a most merciless manner. When the prisoners' money was exhausted they were stripped and turned into the felons’ room, the stench of which was in- supportable ; and into which persons in violent fevers, were known to have been thrown stripped quite naked, because they could not pay eight-pence for a night's lodging elsewhere. In 1729, the prisoners in Newgate numbered one hundred and sixty : in the felons’ room a multitude of malefactors were to be seen lying naked upon the ground, groaning with cold and hunger, and many died there from absolute want, being frequently left without food for several days. An idea may be gathered from the following authentic document of the manner in which the affairs of the gaol were managed by Hawkins and his wife ; — THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. ‘ An estimate of the yearly chamber rent, fees, and perquisites, received by John Hankins^ as keeper of Ntngale, and the Black Dog prison. Per annum. £ s. d. Chamber rent, at £7 16s. 6(1. per week 406 18 0 Fees on persons committed by the watch and staff, at three per night, and Is. 6d. each 82 2 6 Fees on persons committed on committals from justices of the peace, at least 1000 per year, at 4s. 6d. each 225 0 0 Fees on persons committed on warrants from ditto, moderately computed at a medium of 1000 per year, at 2s. 6d. each 125 0 0 Fees on persons committed by the sheriff, at two per week, many w'hereof are charged with ten committals ; but allowing at a medium three com- mittals to each person 104 0 0 Fees on persons tried for murders, treasons, felonies, assaults, as weU in the city as county of Dublin, at 240 indictments in the year, allowing he remits one-fourth of his fees at the king’s bench 60 0 0 Fees on persons tried at the Quarter Sessions, at the like number . . . 60 0 0 The benefit of his ale-cellar, at 360 barrels yearly, at 5s. profit on each barrel, not including his profits on wine, brandy, rum and other liquors . 90 0 0 Salary from the city at 10 0 0 Total, £1163 0 6 Besides infinite extortions on all the above articles, and on crown prisoners, for permit- ting them to lie in the Black Dog gaol, and not turning them over tojNewgate, and loading them with irons, premiums for stolen goods, and other private perquisites, peculiar to his employment, not to be computed or valued." The conduct of Hawkins at length attracted the attention of the legislature^ and in November, 1729, the house of commons passed a resolution that “ John Hawkins, keeper of his majes- ty’s gaol of Newgate and sheriffs marshdsea of the city of Dub- lin, has been guilty of the most notorious extortion, great corruption, and other high crimes and misdemeanors, in the execution of his said offices, hath arbitrarily and unlawfully kept in prison, and loaded with irons, persons not duly com- mitted by any magistrate, till they have complied with the most exorbitant demands ; and hath put into dungeons and endan- gered the lives of many prisoners for debt under his care, treating them, and all others in his custody, with the utmost insolence, cruelty, and barbarity, in high violation and con- tempt of the laws of this kingdoiffi^ ; Hawkins, with his ac- complices Isaac Bullard and Martin Coffey, were consequently committed to the custody of the serjeant-at-arms attending the house. Although Hawkins was dismissed from his office, the gaol continued in a wretched state, and being generally filled with the outcasts of society, riots were perpetually occurring within its walls. The only prisoner of rank confined in Newgate in the last century appears to have been Henry, fourth lord Santry, of whose trial for murder, in 1789, a description has been given in the fourth paper of the present series. Wesley preached to the prisoners in Newgate in 1747, but observed that he “ found no stirring at all among the dry THE STREETS OB' DUBLIN. bones’^ ; and speaking of another visit in the same year to the gaol he says, “ I preached in Newgate at two in the common hall, the jailor refusing us the room where we used to preach : but that is not the worst. I am afraid our Lord refuses his blessing to this place : all the seed seems to fall to the way side. I see no fruit of our labours.^^ About 1750 Newgate was improved and altered, and a com- modious foot path laid out on its southern side. Its internal condition in 1767 may be learned from the report of the par- liamentary committee appointed in that year to enquire into the state of the gaols in Dublin, and to Avhom the petition of surgeon George Doyle was referred : Your committee first examined George Roe, keeper of Newgate, who informed your committee that Newgate is in a very ruinous condition, and the walls very bad ; has only one pair of stairs in it, by which means there is a constant communication between the men and women prisoners. He further informed your committee, that of late years there have been several virulent fevers in that jail ; that your petitioner, Mr. Doyle, has constantly attended there since the year 1750, and that his attendance is absolutely requisite to inspect into the health of the prisoners, both in jail, and preparatory to their trials, and that if a surgeon did not attend, it would be attended with fatal consequences, particularly on their trials. Richard Cushion informed your committee, that the jail of Newgate is not half large enough for the reception of the prisoners, and that the roof is entirely rotten ; that the number of prisoners upon an average amount to about one hundred and twenty, and that often one hundred prisoners are lying together in one room. Your committee proceeded next to examine Mr, George Doyle, who informed your committee, that if the gaol of Newgate is not enlarged it may be attended with the most fatal consequences ; that the number of prisoners upon an average is about one hundred and seventy, and that it is not large enough to contain more than eighty, and that so great a number lying together infects the air. He further informed your committee, that in the year 1750, he was appointed by the court of King’s bench to inspect into the state and health of the prisoners in Newgate, whilst confined there before they w'ere brought to trial, in order to prevent contagious disorders being brought into court ; that he has constantly continued in that office from that time to the present, and always examines into the state and health of the prisoners immediately before the commis- sion of oyer and terminer ; that by such his attendance he has caught the jail fever four different times, and w'as in great peril of his life, three other gentlemen, who attended at one time with him, dying at that time of that disorder. That during his whole attendance he had not received more than six guineas, which he got by presentment from the court of king’s bench, and that he has often applied since, both to the court of king’s bench, and to the city, but could not ob- tain anything'.’’ THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. '■V i.TiV Although this committee delivered their opinion that the gaol was in a very ruinous bad condition/^ and that it was not large enough for the number of prisoners usually con- fined there/’ no important remedial steps appear to have been taken until the year 1773, when the foundation of a new gaol was laid on the northern side of the city. In 1775 the prisoners in Newgate laid a plot to escape, in the formation of which they had determined to poison Connell, the turnkey, by infusing rats-bane and aqua regia in some mulled claret, of which they invited him to partake. Their plans were, however, discovered by their intended victim, who, at the risk of his life, deprived them of their fire-arms and other implements with which they had cut their fetters, window- frames, and bolts. Later in the same year, at about 8 p.m., a number of prisoners, who had contrived to remove their irons, attacked the sentries at the outside of the gaol door, and three of the felons effected their escape after a desperate struggle, in which one of the sentinels and a woman were dangerously wounded. That there was but too much foundation for Wesley’s remarks on the impiety of the denizens of the prison, appears from the fragments extant of gaol songs written in the slang peculiar to the Dublin Newgate. A song entitled the ''Night before Larry was stretched,” is the most celebrated of these compositions, and details how a felon, on the night before his execution, was visited by his friends, who had pawned all the disposable portions of their wardrobe to procure funds for their carousal ; — “The hoys they came crowding in fast; They drew their stools close round about him ; Six glims on his trap-case they placed — He couldn’t be well wak’d without ’em. I asked if he was fit to die, Without having duly repented ? Says Larry, ‘ That’s all in my eye, And all by the clergy invented. To make a fat bit for themselves.’ “ Then the cards being called for, they played, Till Larry found one of them cheated ; Quick he made a hard rap at his head — The lad being easily heated, ‘So you cheat me because I’m in grief, Oh, is that, by the Holy, the reason. Soon I’ll give you to know, you d d thief! That you’re cracking your jokes out of season And scuttle your nob ufith my fist.’ “ Then in came the priest with his book. He spoke him so smooth and so civil ; Larry tipp’d him a Kilmainham look. And pitched his big wig to the devil. Then raising a little his head. To get a sweet drop of the bottle. And pitiful sighing he said, ‘Oh! the hemp \yill be soon round my throttle. And choke my poor windpipe to death !’ * This famous song, the authorship of which is not yet satisfac* turily determined, has been inimitably translated into French by the Kev. Francis Mahony, under the title of “ La mort de Socrate,” and to its air the same gifted writer has adapted his admirable version of one of Beranger’s best songs — “ Brennus, ou la vigneplantee dansles Gaules.” THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. Criminals do not appear to have been executed at the old Newgate, but were generally drawn thence in a cart to the gal- lows, the punishment of which was styled in the Newgate patois, dancing the last jig,^^ or capering the Kilmainham mi- nuet/^ Thus a song on the execution of Luke Caffrey com mences with the following lines : — “ When to see Luke’s last jig we agi’eed, We tipp’d all our gripes in a tangle ; And mounted our trotters wid speed, To squint at the snub as he’d dangle, For he was de smart on de gap, He boozled de bull-dog and pinners And when dat he milled a fat slap. He merrily melted de winners. To snack wid de boys of de pad. “ In a giffee we blink’d at de spud, Where de quod* ids glum phiz did exhibit ; Wid a facer we coddled our blood, P’or de wind id blows cold from de gibbet ; De boy he had travell’d afore. Like rattlers we after him pegg’d it ; For to miss us would grieve him full sore, Bekase why, as a favour he begg’d it. We’d tip him de fives ’fore his det. “ When we came to de man-trap, and saw Poor Luke look so blue in de gabbard ;t To save him I taut I could draw My toaster from out of de scabbard : ‘ Oh ; Luky,’ ses I, ‘ do you see !’ Be de iron and steel in me daddies,^ If I taut I could once set you free, De scarlets should smoke in dir saddles. Your gullet to save from de noose.” Some cases having occurred in which criminals were restored to life by blood-letting immediately after their execution, it became a general practice for the friends of a deceased felon, to have him cut down from the gallows as soon as possible, and to carry him to some adjacent tavern, where they made an incision in his jugular vein, in the hope, as they expressed it, of cheating Jack the breath-stopper.'*'’ In allusion to this custom a notorious convict is introduced addressing his friends as follows, at the gallows : — “When I dance tuxt de ert and de skies, De clargy may bleat for de struggler ; But when on de ground your friend lies. Oh ! tip me a snig in de j ugler : Oh ! you know dat id is my last hope. As de surgints of otomy tell us ; Dat when I’m eut down from de rope. You’ll bring back de puif to me bellows. And set me, once more on my pins.” The song entitled Larry^s stiff,” a sequel to the first com- position we have referred to, details the proceedings of the confreres of the deceased immediately after his execution : — ' “ Poor Larry was now a gone chuck, De bloody teeves taut for to get him. To bring to de College to cut; Be de hoky, our boys wou’dn’t let ’em ; On our shoulders we hois’d him along. And wou’dn’t let one of dem neer us ; Our kebbles we dash’d thro’ de throng. And made all de slim ones to fear us. For in no time we’d flatten dir smellers. * The gaol in Corn-market. t The cart in which the prisoner was placed while the rope was being adjusted round his neck. t Hands. THE IHISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 0 %^ “ When we got to de end of de lane, De girls de all gother round us ; Dey began for to cry and to keen, Wid dir damnable clack to confound us; But soon dey began to be hush’d. As de polls was coming among us ; Dey taut for to kick up a dust. And den to take poor Larry from us : But one got a chalk on de phiz, anoder a hook m snivy on de back, and den dey set to dir pumps, as if dey were pursued by de gost of de brave Tommy Fox, for- merly de Long Lane* hero, your souls. “ We den bet de hooff until night. To kick up de colej for to wake him ; We left Paddy Foy dere to fight. If de black boys should offer to take him : But when we all came back again. It’s den we’d such fun and such faddle ; If any of de people look’d glum. We fiatten’d dir y-ear with our daddle. To keep up de fun at de stiff.” The failure of the attempts at revivification by phlebotomy was attended by the deceased obtaining what his friends styled “ a barbarous long Protestant lease of the sanctified sod/^ in allusion to the penal enactments which prohibited Roman Catholics from acquiring landed property. The new prison in Green-street was opened in September, 1780, but the old gaol in Corn-market appears to have been continued in use for some years subsequent to that date,§ and in 1783 sir Jeremiah Pitzpatrick, M.D., gave the following evidence on the state of the Black Dog^^ : — “ Black Dog, in the city of Dublin, is a most unwholesome situation in New-hall Market, surrounded with every exhalation necessary to promote putrefaction ; it has neither yard or necessary, except in the cellar, to which none have access save those on the first floor. The prison is four stories high, wainscoted ; and in a most ruinous condition ; there is no medical assistant to this jail ; there were on the 3rd instant, five venereal female patients, and eight labouring under an inveterate itch in one room, w’hen he visited it.” The evidence of the gaoler of the prison was as follows: — Mr. George Fallen sworn, says, he is keeper of the Black Dog prison, takes in all kind of prisoners, is under the appointment of the city of Dublin, and has no salary; his jail is rather at present a reception for debtors than criminals, but he receives both ; has been keeper of the said prison one year last August ; those that are committed to his care and give bail, pay 3s. 4d., those not sworn against pay Is., never detained one twenty-four hours for fees due to himself, but has known persons detained for their fees due to other officers, but very 'few; says the gaol is in a very ruinous condition ; thinks there may be forty or fifty prisoners con- fined in the Black Dog at present ; there is no tap room in the * The “Long Lane,*' extending from Malpas-street to Camden-street, was, in the last century, frequently the arena of the faction fights between the Dublin rioters, t To raise the funds j Scoured the town. 5 A portion of one of the old towers of Newgate is still to be seen built into a house ai the eastern corner of “ Lamb alley,” on the south side of iBghzStreet. f e t-. THE STREETS OF DUBLIN. 4g7 ICSt? prison ; he sells no liquors himself, or suffers others to sell the like in the jail ; the prisoners are all at liberty to send for necessaries without restriction ; never bailed any prisoner out himself, nor enlarged any committed to his care, without an order from a magistrate. There is no back ground to the prison ; the ne- cessary is in the cellar ; water is supplied plentifully from the main pipes, and also from a pump ; admits Doctor Fitz- patrick’s state of the prison to which he refers. Committments directed to him are generally from the sheriff ; approvers are sent to him to keep them separate from other prisoners ; gives .£4000 security for debtors to the sheriff; he charges Is. per night to prisoners that are able to pay ; sets his rooms from 2s. 8|d. to 5s. per week ; has many prisoners now in want of medical assistance, there being no person whose duty is to attend them.” In 1794, the erection of a new Sheriffs^ prison in Green- street was commenced, and after its completion the use of the Black Dog^'’ as a marshalsea was finally abandoned. The Corn Market appears to have been one of the most important localities in the ancient city of Dublin. The Brehon laws demonstrate that corn was cultivated in Ireland from tlie remotest period, bread having always been one of tlie princi- pal articles of food used by the natives. King John, by his charter, enacted that no foreign merchants should buy corn, hides, or wool, within the city of Dublin, nor from any but the citizens, and the Irish, records show that very large quanti- ties of grain were exported from Ireland, during the middle ages, to England, Wales, Scotland, and more distant countries. Erom the account of John le Decer and Thomas Colys, citizens of Dublin, it appears that in 1229 they supplied the king's armies in Scotland with the following articles : Elour, 131 quarters 1 bushel; another parcel, llScranogs; Bran, 115 J quarters; Wheat, 1,147 quarters 1 bushel; Peas, Beranogs; Malt flour, 1 cranog and 7 bushels ; Oats, 501 cranogs 10 pecks ; Eed wine, 55 hogsheads and 1 pipe ; Beer, 55 hogs- heads, and that they paid for the freight of thesame, £153:7:2. The crannock, or cranog, was a wicker basket or liamper, generally understood to contain the produce of seventeen sheaves of corn ; according to sir William Betham, this measure was equal to sixteen bushels or two quarters. The most ancient Anglo Irish act of parliament extant is a statute passed in 1268, enacting that the weights and measures of every kind of corn in Ireland should correspond with those ^ of London, and among the manuscripts in Birmingham Tower is preserved the following memorandum, relative to the deli- Tift; IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. very of the standard weights and measures into the excliequer in 1272 Memorandum, That on the fourteenth day of November, in the first year of the reign of King Edward (I.), William de Balligavoran, late keeper of the king’s measures in Ireland, delivered into the ex- chequer of Dublin, to Roger Smalrys, appointed by a letter of the king from England to keep the aforesaid measures in the place of the above mentioned William, one standard bushel, one brazen gallon, one brazen quart, not yet proved, one rod for a standard, and three seals, namely, one for sealing weights, another for sealing measures, and a third for sealing ells, one wooden beam, with one pair of leathern scales, half of a piece of lead, one brazen weight, twm pounds filled with lead, and one brazen pound filled with lead.” The following particulars of the weights used in Ireland in the fourteenth century are preserved in an abstract of the now missing ^^Book of Eoss’^ or ‘‘'Liber Eossensis^’ : — Note that the penny (denarius) weighs 32 grains taken from the middle of an ear of corn. ‘^Twelve pence make one ounce. “ Twelve ounces make one pound of twenty shillings. “ Eight pounds of corn make a gallon or lagena. Eight gallons or lagense make a bushel, which is the eighth part of a quarter of corn. “ Fifteen ounces make a London pound. “ Twelve pounds and a half make a London stone.” The assize of bread was established in 1204 by king John and his barons, who enacted that every baker should mark his bread with his own stamp, and have a profit of four pence or three pence for every cpiarter, together with the bran. In 1222 one of the articles of complaint against Henri de Loundres, archbishop of Dublin, then justiciary, was that he^ assumed a jurisdiction over the bakers, whom on some occasions he had delivered from the custody in which they had been placed for vending dishonest bread (“pro falso pane^^), and the annals re- cord that the bakers of Dublin were dragged on hurdles through the streets for their false weights, during the scarcity in the year 1310, when a bushel of wheat sold in the winter for twenty shil- lings, but this price, we are told, increased but little in the spring, in consequence of the corn imported from abroad. In the same year John Bowet and William Keppok received an order for five hundred pounds, to buy in Dublin, for the war in Scot- land, 1500 quarters of wheat, 2000 quarters of oats, 500 pipes of wine, and also 500 quarters of wheat, 500 of oats, and 100 pipes of wine, which were to be sent to Skynburnesse. The cranog of wheat is recorded to have sold for twenty shillings, THtfi STREETS OF DUBLIX. -asT and that of oats for eight shillings, during the dearth of 1330 ; in 133^ a peck of wheat at Christmas was worth twenty-two shillings, but in consequence of the temperate weather in the following year, the price fell in the Dublin corn market to six pence per peck. Edward I. granted to the mayor and citizens of Dublin the assize of bread and beer, and the custody and assays of weights and measures, and of all other matters appertaining to the ma- nagement of the city markets, authorizing them to punish transgressors against the assize of bread and beer, and to correct and amend defects in weights and measures, under the super- vision of the clerk of the market. By the oath taken upon his entrance upon office, the chief magistrate of Dublin was bound to see the market of the city kept decent and in order, and that no false weights or measures should be used within his jurisdiction. A statute of 1468 enacted that no man having sufficient store of corn of his own, should buy any in the common market, nor should any called Badgers^^ buy corn at one market and shortly after carry the same to another market, and then sell it dearer by two or four pence in a bushel, upon pain of being decreed Begrators^’ of the king^s market. The same penalty was decreed against persons who bought corn in the common market, and sold it again in the same, or in any other, market. In 1472, the ex- portation of grain, when the price of the peck exceeded two pence, was prohibited, under penalty of forfeiture both of the cargo and of the ship. Erom a proceeding recorded on a me- morandum roll of the year 1433 (12 Hen. YI. m. 21. d.), it appears that long previous to that time it had been usual to liold the market for corn in Dublin on Saturdays, a custom maintained in the reign of Elizabeth, as appears from the do- cuments cited at page 944. In the early part of the last cen- tury the usual time for opening the Dublin Cornmarket was twelve o’clock, but during the winter it was opened at ten a.m., to allow’ the farmers to retire at a seasonable hour. Among the merchants of the city who resided in the Corn- market in the sixteenth century, wns William Eyan, whose mansion house, near Newgate, continued to be known as Eyan’s house’^ till the commencement of the eighteenth century. A house called “ New Cromblin,^’ erected in Corn- market about 1612, is noticed in the patent rolls of James I., and at the western end of KeysaEs lane, at the commencement THE IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. of the seventeenth century, was located the hall of the corpo- ration of carpenters, which appears to have been the building subsequently styled the “ New Hall,’' from which ameatmarket, extending from Cornmarket to fcook-street, received the name of New Hall Market.’' This market was closed about the year 1790, its site being now covered by the houses forming the eastern side of Upper Bridge-street, while the place of the carpenters' hall has been occupied by the widows' alms house of St. Andrew's parish. The Cornmarket of Dublin was one of the localities wdiere peace or war was formally proclaimed by the Ulster king-at arms. On the entry of the duke of Ormond into the city in 1665, a conduit was placed in the Cornmarket, from which wine flowed in abundance, and at the New Hall" was erected a scaffold on which were placed half a dozen antics." Public punishments were also occasionally inflicted here, as in the case of Michael Pitz Simons, a Eoman Catholic priest hanged in the Cornmarket in the sixteenth century, for having been implicated in 1583 in the insurrection of James Eustace, third viscount Baltinglass ; and in the unpublished official records of the courts martial held in Dublin during the Protectorate, the fol- lowing entries occur : — Major Manwaring informant, John Bay den, souldier, defendant. The Defendant being found guilty of neglect of duty, it was ordered that he should ride the wooden horsse for the space of an howre at Corn-markett with two musketts at each heele, and that he should carry the wooden horsse from the maine guard to the place where he is to ride as above said. 23rd June, 1652. At a court houlden in the Castle of Dublin the 7th of October, 1652, Lieutenant Colonel Arnop, president. / Mabill Archbold being accused for a spie, and thereof found guilty, ordered and decreed that she suffer death at the Corn- markett, and that what goods of hirs or hir husbands shall be founde in the parliament quarters shall be disposed of to the Informant.” The Committee of privileges of the house of lords appointed in 1666, to examine into a charge brought against Connell Molloy of counterfeiting the signatures to protections of viscount Eanelagh, and John Keating; deputy clerk of the parliament, recommended that : — ^^The said Connell Molloy shall be made exemplary by being put to stand in the Pillory, in Corn-market, Dublin, from the hour of ten in the morning till the hour of twelve, for three market days, ana there to have his ears nailed to THE STREETS OE DUBLIN. 4 ^/ vct o a the said Pillory, and his crime to be written in paper, to be fixed upon his breast, and to be imprisoned during the pleasure of the house.'’^ ^ A Eoman Catholic convent stood in Corn-market at the close of the seventeenth century, and at the same period we find notice of a house here called " the Prying Pan also of a large old castle four stories high, the ground floor vaulted. and of a large timber house, on the ground floor a kitchen and one lodging room, on the second and third three rooms each, and ou the fourth two garrets, being the sign of the George.’^ The Corn-market of Dublin was removed to Thomas-street in the year 1727, some years after which period we find the Bear tavern^"’ and the Hibernian chop house'’^ located in the old Corn-market, the former kept by Christopher Geshil, and the latter by Dalton Tench, who died in 1769. The noted James Napper Tandy, in early life, traded as aniron- monger at No. 21, Corn-market ; and in 1798 lord Edward Pitzgerald lay for some days concealed at the house of Bartholomew Gannon, linen draper, No. 22, in the same street. During the latter years of the eighteenth century Corn- market was chiefly inhabited by haberdashers, woollen drapers, and dealers in coarse linens ; and it was difficult in passing through the street to evade the importunities of the ^^Pluckers in,” who, as the name imported, were hired to induce purchasers to enter the shop of their employers. The removal of the old gaolof New'gate, and the consequent opening of the street, together with the extensive alterations on its northern side, have completely changed the appearance of this locality, which, however, still continues to retain its old name, although more than a century has elapsed since it was used as the Dublin Corn-market. A ^ppdndix jVo- 1 Tht JPcdicoiv o/ DciVi^cl LcitoLich to ih(L Lordj SnstcCdS for ct Stte- {(j hit^ld qx ho^Si. l}\ C^silt Street, To {liar Excel lejicys Toi^ds Jus^ tlcts Crtix^ Ct^td Ge.7x^ Gove.i'>X^^ of Ji'f^lcltici. " Th^ fjinnh^t Petition of David Latoudiv pLlUiJX, , of Hit City afMcTcht. ”■ flllGlhTy Shtwe^ih —That yourP&U- 710 VO dhccct io hiiilci cl hoitse iit Castle^ Sire-ct ihz (icichside oj which dc}^ Joins ih^ CnsiU diCoh , That the SciLci dito^h isj’i^lc.d Ltp^utlk Cecil Ashes Excrzmtni ctiicl Tilth thrown there, by the JS/etyhhoccTSjJ'^rwcii'ot of cr J'enec cohtch is ci ^rr^cif cleirtimiit to your pet'' CIS Loe.ll as cav amioyd)2C€ to the Cas- tle . Phcit yottr Pettt^ hinnlily conceives tt well yxothe ciny in. tonveni ency htS JVIatic if yover Pei^ Ccirrys his Walls home to the Castle ujciy cit his owix Cost he -€ 7 ?- irtny into nti obhgaeon to ijanr TxeelC^-^ to foiti hack 1x1% wall at Ins owix c ha rye to the place shall be jndyed to htlony tv lirmy immechcltcly npoix Txcelh<^^ Sty... plecx-siire 'Lhtrctn . cr 7/e J~lc thircjow hi(iixl)ly praijs Excclh"^^ to grant hiiixilxai fai/Gur upon aonclilioix Cifores cli cl . [A.nd your Eetction^ will 1 o heclie.'jtcz youi- Uxcizs. orddj' of e.y ere 7 ^ ce c> 7 t t he. fore f 0171^ 071 re^nlyii^^ me. Ic report a trece s^cde of che case i.o^et.JteT wtth'hfs: opxiwoi'i zvJiu't is ]:^ropzr to /fZ clone Oiereiic . I kinnllij lay I zf are yotLT Hxc LzS . that Cl vast c^itointitij of filth licit h heeiz duel dciilij is (hroiuti into t^ti eL Cictstle cltteh tuJixch Cctimot hut te cltsayrez- uhle to the sij/it avcl s?nell of C/t os ivhohoi^^ cUi- tL/j07i iijorqoe mU, orontof.hisJVHalizs Castle , That nr orfer^ to jorcveiii this eviC J did jOizilie 9tfi deny of Jcniiicirij I y / 1 laij be- fore the Oovernmenf d mem or icil Sc tlinf forth {flat Lkere h cici'heen Several ejici^ocichiii efx ts tnadz ojx the CcLstle diiok ^ and hnmldy moved thcit Seme method might he taken, to olUgethose wJxolxacl made s tteh enerodLc/nno n ts to cletiy_ up the joosstssioir of the Same, cind HtglI the gTottjicl helongtn^ io Chz C'l'oivii , in'i'jiif b'l ^xsccylcitifcct - ^VChcvenyoyi orcltT tucts givz?\ tv 'the tHeji Vliiorncij -GeiE it ent^mre. into the Titles of those coho clcitniecL cz r-tyht to th^. grtufid ivhiTe the e)tcroc(.cJin'te7ttj- were niactc^ and to lovtrscccsLcch nxethods us loetdd- o/.h'^i. i/tosz to feniove tJie enerouehmeitts co h a Sc. Ti- dies did not ajspear to hegcod .MrAtiorneij made his report on the 0 ,k day of March folio, V- On the tOtk daxj of JVovettiher lyiU^ I laid a copxj of the S^Mtmorial and He poS before thoy^iLords Jus ti (^z S' ^ and do now hum^ yiy laij heforz- y on^r Ex cies . Cojjias of Txarannio cx.iiii zjccd io the that your Pjccies. SeetJtj Me C irca S'tctrzees of that grcinicl may direct cfijozt shall Jtiolyz it proper so it enclose, the yround belonging to E^s JVrciJit c ^ as to preveat farther ei\ ~ erocizhnitnts j or further filling the oLticE with oicLsiin css j or permit the Petitioner, Oir ike terms he pro poses j to toreVz Jit 7 7 i part die yrowtny nitisaizce he Coiriplclinh Cf j 4 .ll to luck Ls hunxhlij Stthinlllzci to y our Esceies , Conscdercitcon , Thus. Biirylt^Ej7y^ % SurvrOait JVLcltcK /fth /ytl) T_Enclorsccli] The hundleTcl'tdoiz ofBcivtcl L citcuch . Jtef e rred io C apt Puryk [The Survey or- Genercils Teport of y^th JanxLciry, I^ITj , and Ation fey- general's Re- port of ill e Sa me ij c a are arm e,JC. ed j also cl j iirihzj'' petition hejore ToH IS Grace ihc JdukcafPzvo'fx- shire Eord ftent^^ Gen-ercd an d Oen^ (7 of ] r clem cl . 497 [The Hiunhh Memorial of David LciloLiche ofihe Cilf ofTnlh'n JBcinker. ‘Hiunhhj iS'hetvzl/i — T/mt iy CcLrrij ing oi\ Sundry ButldLucjS ]\t(xj dsty^s C'ccsilt oj Jdiihliih iix ihz, year / 7^ dt Ik^ JRe.cLr oj' ij oitr h OVCS- p »"■ (tlcii 11^ ccl h y I'll in cls al/oss on icihtng do ton thd SciicL hoiis^ Lho l(i^ Same. Irctd q^oS'(' him ^ cfor lho Iciitctschc ijccir jyu ^nd the rehutldinyj of ^inQt ct 77tuc/i reciter sitnv . '''That iheftirlharSun-i of £3^ j . ^ . O part of Ckt-Sa'iA S(i77i offtfiS-ll^ll COaS inontt/ pw'd Oi-ifcfhts pocHut forhuteso-ranf ai\cL Sundry exptnseb ihcil he evas ptit {a foT CciJTij on his hnsiness fcc/tiuy docori and the rdniLcliuy the house ha noev Itve s I'n * '"Thai yourJ\^etn uJai then cLSSttred that all damages ^ bosses thed he might Suffer luon’d ho rejDciicl to him wkeeh induced him not to iahe the necessary steps to S'ecure kirn- Self. "That lUo valncUioiii and aecouivts wtr^ referred io His MajeS (yV P,f??ie Serj cant , JHforney U ^olUcHor General for iheir feport before lohoni yottr ashc apprehends' proved sciwe . "Tlxa ( 77 oiootih sicaicbncj yo urJVl em - Vtral o.pplieaiio)is sineeforlhe r^imltiTSe - rnenl of (fie S'aid scox'i of £rj ) S- fie ■ II So lo77e otlarmeci ai suelifoifuL and dcs u tier y at- tempts ■ ThcYeoine. 11 ^ Infau frj , andCavel- r-y f hectiy ptaeed. on. permanent etcety , SCoui'ed the Scirroandiny distriets , and had fre/^uo^ii ^ncoutitars sy'iiciLl l^oditS oj Tns Jlctthfarf^/ia77ZjC7'tL77tltfidg cerd ^ JTccUcc^/tij CUixcLciolkiiv ^ y JVr^y ot/v, were, -the sce;ies of this uJarfare^, The jOrotAJdSS of the Yeome?v ujas Q^sHimaied cLCcorclinj to the iviLJixber of prisoners and iJlutclatccC bodies uj/Ltc/t the^ In' ought into the dig j and H is woTtk mentLoninj pkat Wfshcive no retard of cl single man of the Va- VLoiiS eorjDshctvnicfieojx hilled or uJouiicIqcL m of these iin^glortous raids • JhorcL Cornioallls j (jurltinj to the JDiihe cfj^ortlanf f^ectes j ^tlzat any nxan nx a brown-, coat uuPio IVcLS foLLixd Loitkin Several iiilIcls ofpiefteld of aetca iz was buieherecL wtihout diserimiiict-- itoiv T (^Cornwatlis^ Coyy'^s/ooiictenee^ T/otr Z, pLiye. Thvej'yj cUty be.kelcL prtsoixtrs ^ brouyk t iixto bpe City j nor ujcls it lljzicsI^clI to .See cv pro eesstoix. of Ccerts ^ uz wkLcc/x were p L LecC L/i c 77^c^ {lIcl tecL c o rp ses ojf t/i e fd eccSaii^ rtsoners were hanged f Toni, t/ze y ccixcL the dead (juere j ux Soyiie^ iixztctnecSj stretoilwci oictriix the Castle fdixLy ivhtre. the "Viceroy z/iciv res I dccC ^ ccixd ifi_ fydl view of the Secrctoiry f wendovdS' . They layr-oit ike pczveme/iC cls tropkieSj . ofJtat/fcinx- Q Ucen's Sndje , zh th-Maij WADE, from Jlcidifarnhanv, hanged an quu,. CARROLL, CotUm Manufacturer, hanged oxx cUreh SlreetBndgcdtd.Mag, ,yn. AMPeendFoX, hqncjecL aiTrovosi Prison. g. 63 j. oind PJ^YMOJVP , hanged on C/mrdi b IrceZ Bridge ESMOMPE,Poetor, ^ isnumete, hanged on Che ScaffeU, north Stole of Cat tisle Fridge,^ then in process of ereotcoit . Vo corpse oaas Cankeci I, ca;h 111 ‘^in a Car^ and (^sctijs 0X^lly^p-63)y ‘vnto CL heap of off cl I m CTopp t z 0 {e^' Jluiz^. fy^S SYJiWE aficLXBLLY, hilhcl aeEaihfarn- Hant . Tkecr lifeless bddies ctnd Lhrzz others to^re. htin^ the mornmy cifUi' tltecr cLectik , fvonx Ici'nxp crcixs m Sciri^ctoh Stree tj BLncC after tcarcL^ coiiscfmct to C?"opyjccs' Hole'' (JVTnscf reive. ^ /dci^t XZk)- TEELING caxciMATTKEW 7\W E hanj^d at FroVost Prison (^Tediny's Ind jVarrativc pcccjt. — Speeches froiix the Podf. pjy^^ ^ BACON , haiige^d on Carlish PridgiL . ^Ydordoiv /payc/79^. ' Se^^^ved poor men j emyoloyeci as la/np /i^A t ^ c.rSy W^rzL hA7'ifCcC 07X the 6 ridytsfor neyheJ' of oUiiy j aix d (jlood Itz^aiz ta fLou) tvick l>ut /title )Mcretj . (B cor rnxy ton , folio , Vb/.l^ p.lQ^ NoTF "Croppi^S'Acre " WclS sduatcct at /Liypdfrin'ir j Xt>y sire.t(W^sih and /ram the hundarrj iVaU o/ihcjn/antrij 3cLrrrce.ks. - The, cirM fron^. Fast /(• West Luas infect, ccncifromj\/orth Co ^ ou x iro/e-et- {Thi\ >nt« . x.\ic r vf 0, « lu . //^ f^ing J^Ljnzs Che Sico?ia. tvho in /^S8, uj 7 'o/tio : J?a;;7e - 7 }/iaryJ 9 «i^/c ;‘ Icctdly f^-Uct^dlo-dr^ al/^ess, 0^ ifvc^ Jrisfi' j^titiu 'criJ o^ ypr^sj to le Ypy^^ ^ 7ix. qyoIq^' to iz^tix ^ mo^a^/drij o/ tvhicK. OLceerdm^ly dtcC^ she- passed throify/h /^O 7 iclo 7 i , ur }iej"c. 5hc txJ oli t^ycl oix Chd. C^itt-Cix ctt V^t t i Z-talC . i^ii^z. hahi^i of her orole7"y luk^clx hctcL 710 { he^dT^ Se-dft ther^^ Jr/tcc the C.hanye.o^ re-Uy-Loiu . ^<77“ /ct<{yshi.p iL/as> ' cxcLatdci ix f^cc pc7'7ii t s s<07t to Scli/e trr estexAhsA t/iciiisclres ux a /ty paid of Jrttaixd , C 07 ieltcdi 7 y ^Ac a/Aotc tueik ci 7 i a. s StcVcL7xce of a. foiL7iclaC^o7X • Thi^ poitcti tuA^c^ hcLS the hitzjj ^rccLt ScclI CLfficcct to tt^ UJCIS StyjtecL 611 t'hejfftli of Jitiic. j the Slpct/x year of Ats )nQjZ%tij\ T^cyrL ^ CX7tcL cS Still p^^esCT U jCcI^ m the Jrtsfi a hheij o} 3 e.i^tdxc.tu'ie 7 X 11715 hi\ ypy^cs , Zac(„J)t,tb ;■ rotictcL ■into the jixcIoSttra m S /up -street , /o?-cpa red fa7~ ^ Aar SO)- her Lind other JieJt^LoxLS , ujfiom s/tz Aad IreuyhAfnnn (hz EnjhsJx. Beneci/etx,tz 72ni^iie.r2f ofPontorsz . JJurm^ 7x.r Short siox.j tnUcoUi.^ there iverc thirty yonny ladies of Sonne of the. list J'amiltes n-L Ireland eitfritshrci to her ears.. J^oi their edoieation ^ eighteen, oj whon^, earnestly posiidaitcL thz veil and hab.lf , Ind lOsre alsohre.. ?./ rejiisexi, oil aecirunt of the. ajar IjelnjJ^arad- VantccL , The only one mho ujas preyesseoi was CL lcaj~ Sister, who aeeomfiamed the al.hess to Tpres. . The king honoured the Ceremony weth hd presence , and/roin his rmjal hand she received th^ raiaious veci. After the Utile the Jloijne. /tiny WTlUjns army e.^ere^ into Did, lln, and Some of the SolcUers ransatliecL the monastery, UircL Setzed ontht church. pUte. . wfiieh had hteii removect to a Troiestant la- dy's house ihz neiyhhourhood . The alUss thej-e- y X-t-YAc Uo ItuL yo% h> CUnji h^tA^f^ A (^jy-p^jM^A I £l f ^ ^A/diidA^^ (fy })rf ot^v^n^ki '^^)- h' I ftu-, ^1/U^U^ -^-tyl^ (]^'l^C4^'lJ^-> I CfiUMA\/h- ^ U>A^ 'lU.,cA.t^ ^^nx} (ni^- ^ tu CHA (yvi^ ki'Tf^i'TT-Yxy^ o^Vt't"'^ ^'i-r~yn • tXx ^ ^Uy\LJ^ La. , I ( k^( • }itA • (4 it 77]' J h-dXX^ ; (^jkyy^ hu tiyh^ Ujtt) tX - StryvVU-^ hyt/lu - kjL CCt! /t/ ^^CCi .MA ^ tkiA^oY (?4ylXAy^H/^ kAiU^C 6 '^Zju J\i^ yk^uyUy^'i ^ ^ ^ ^ liA^ 1^ ^o^..-^^-yy-^A^'^^^ ^-(ynnT'^'Lo'U. . hu ktAAA -/ifL^^-A^ 4 j}rT-<^ 4 m(<- - Al - hyLyfXu tLjUA^ /\jJ-^A^kxAi^-^ ..^n(UtU k'^flya^ - Ud-i'tAC^^ OlJjL ^ff’^jf' tt^ 0}ytAi.-djAi^-^ ^ fAji^-4j-./t/^^^d(_j tl'Ou^-^ /^r«^ - ^-f--4AJi ''Uc^lm^ / XJ^^i/^ (JC- laa duA ^AAfXjC.^^ ^ ^^l^iytiA d'^fiv^4 (A - } llXA Jyi> rYlAiA^-^ \ L^ k ' Hy\j ^yiiP^t\ }y\. t Vu ^^^^3 ^(Aa yUA> . ^ dMuAU hA. ^ ^^AkA^A ft ^^^UnrY l^LAA/ 7Wlpy^ • ^iAjfLT dyyYj^Y^OZ^ ^ 1 /aa 1 a CCiM ^yirh-Y dA^^O'ptn^x.^iA-^ AV^y iUr^ ^ Ptln^ y ..J>rT'^n.,AYV%,^^ J^hiJj hrVtee^t:! - y l/fY\i_^^ itui^Y L^Y-oY^ •lAsJ^wiy yi/^f^-nY-P - yU^ h hi ^yxj^rvt^rvx- /} Puxlf^ (!^ cy 2 ^i'Oy — • Ha'Ia (mj 1?? h^t^-6^ ^Z"T) Pc' PhlpA/y' Uc-^ tp /y-iAy/P-^^ ■ Jh^ Pp ^ h '' Cxja^ c-r-i, - (7 '•' f f 4A it/(^/^ /^?cc ^Jl/lY^^'^-'i^T.AC^ ^'T'TTTK- ^^A/p} ^ ^^^^A^t/TnA/tLi ^lf\jd ' ^Jr, lyCC^^i^t^i/Aj ■ . ' 1 lZa- l/b-T^v^ fyz r Qy%i tU^i^ | iiM ^ ' 'Prry:^ ir>^i'~f<~ /J /a/' / 'T / 4 ^ f hr /T^ ^'^U^'Atx) n ^rfdu^ Ltd l^f^- ^-^-OfAXi k t^AAlAlU I (^f'l\A^ ^ ly^AA^ Aa 14a>t_ ^ Aq^^'TH htyli^ £u_ h^'lJZl'AZ^^ ^ Tkt Irith BuiUUn, My 1«/ 1882. jippCndix,M>. 4. ‘ J>eScrijdiioii ofdi^ who'Ie. arcu/f'^ iht Ct/tj Weills as they Stood in (he year 15^S^, (^CoptecLJroin CclI.oJ s(a/e Paper's. 'S/i -/i'SS'.fy’rS'p^ i he lofiolt ciyc(<(i oj^ilic. Ctty wallh of Dtilfhn from the to w 7V~i choices y ate ku,uje. IdtuAy ro-andt towrts lutih- Otii. and Schwarz wolkm [' Prem St NiehoZeLS ga/t. 'to Uz towrz in S'lrWt/ltcini Setrf i elds poets sion 1 » IS C)llJooic- disiuiz , w/idret^ {liC7‘e. I s y/^foofo. 'Js najctzy ctdj oxj Hizio St IVi choice s ^ ctie ^ Ihe^iAjall lytit- /hjoctq, hl^ y and -thz J'lrtac ^rounci^ cjJ^ooioy hze. wxihiix Sciici luctlL, ajicL i/h^ TC^st 2 3 8 /e o/c iS J'ottr^/crotc^ and cc thichiz. y /(ydooid. hi^ > h ^Sy cle,S ih^ y ccrett^s Cliicl Cl TarripiiLT hcctjxxix oj / 6 ;f(ro (c th'^ jucy)^^ hicj cLS wall uz^ t/idr t^z , laxsyd^S Lhc hteiirts whccit iS from ihz. iotom oj t/ie diedk^ to faundatioyi afthc uJaU ^(rot^ yfOCcl(L , ly CLhitindtcoii . Th^c. Said towr^ in StryVillicnn Sctrsftcldt.5 p octssldu is a dem^ rdtiizdz towrcj wetfi (^certAe, , and VcLioto. nor loffe^, tdt-th^mxre lowyos ///oofz. ^c^wclt/^ lutikiiT. zht. tcwre.,anci<^hc. WcLll{ooor^footSioit to the small iowre. ut the pottsston oJ ^ Mr, Chrisfophtr Seclymve is J//o/ocde clls/ant^ , Ciiiid the wall cinci rampt^r wtih the. IniHrls wiX/i’’ ] oiito^ "tine Said tocill ct^reec/igr m hkt htcyJif ccncL thUUnoss as Ckt oUier parte of tha said lUclU , retnxpUr.aizci hiLiiris before mentioned ihat there, is 770 rufjipiar ujtihiii Sofoote izcpct ij ucLjoyjiing to the Said tovore. in Mr Se^ctyrcii/^S po- ^ }•• cession < Xhe 5aic( totore, mMr.SecCyraves jocacssioit^ IS a dcniij roujxde to w re with toioe vclwHs , one ^c^ztad uovth the wall tutlk three lowpSythe o icr with cLpccire of diayres yoiny npe it from the :.i* t » the iuall aiicL tav^re^d fer • cl Jeue, fo ^tandhipon LuLth a ^ocr^i aljotujte. ^ cCitcC //fcof£j iol^^ uJay^ Ci/}icl f? Ju>-Hx amoihcr w ay c , ihe. fowrc 7t?€^ CLi^d thcche "• T^rciit ihc tow re irx Jifr Se^dyraves possessiort Yo t/^e towi^e Fickcti'cL TcLOjCUx's posses St67t . Jdroi7x t/iL tocoi e i?i Mr, Faya?i'S joosscss/oii to the Sotcl/v east to core oj the JSTeuJ Gate , the cuccli /yJ^eztA/^A. ct? 2 ct S' iktek aixcL 120 Ta^ixpte?'' u>it/ii 7 'L (Jie watt Itiii hoteses jontu'kcj close to iho, ScticC ujclU tutikoi^ The jicve. gettic hcLLoe. tuioe to cure s , and eux^jy fowi-z. ,is tkrea heighte s untk tuJae spjiclU touJi^ettcs iJi the tope y CLj'icC ihz, gaile howse S tcipxdcs hetixjixt IfOthc ihe ScLtci totLn''S.s j t/ieloei^ ston'e oj^ every I toLure IS vciwtecL ctncL the other tbfooU ciistcint and ihc Fey cLyi^einf in htcgkt from i-hc ahcti'iell io the pccvjunen I ecS iejere/ From Mr Ftaiz's ectslell lo a small ioujrc m ihc pocessioji f Fiiz S y m oiv. of FcLlinccdr^ghl , is ! Lf hfoctc distant , and ike pcivmonl froin ihc chane ll agremy Lnhtc^hi us the k^y I Trojit Ftfx syi/icn's lovjrc to JSsolcUs IssolcUs fowrc IS lyi/footzy^ T/ie sat'd Isscldstowr^ IS ct routtde fotoi^e. j two stcnzs hi^ti . Froni. Issc/d^s toujy^ io ail oIgLz tow re. cclIucL ^iiiteTAaiites is /o6 Jovfe,". Thet^rcn^icC tke uJrt// 1\ toctkdv /O fortc^ashijk cLsfde ivnl/ . -Bit ^ foUJT^ to t/l£ To^(7ictej hciy"^ toLOye. ccctj OIJ n Mr BciertJBisz. t s /icu SQ-^ i s ctt^toiufyjtie- ' Satd tciwre. foMrBise. ds Acuse^ is ct ctctznj toujrc tocilx Stone, hei^h t s ^ rzo rctcute. tmt towe. loftcs ^ lUttfi three low/os i7Z the loe?'’ ytrpi/n/rrje.^ azicC 2. Lcto/^s iix ihe^ c madtfcrt/ip othzrs Saluta- tion -ally ■ D cem-c's cinttetit/y calle-d cite- £.asterti yatc' , Wua lniilt u^ttlv tuajers Cast/c-c-ois^^atio' dias Cii nieci witlv a clra.ujt>vrLdjej ancL porteicih's. It evad tnte- of It'iz iia.x'rcwtsf entrances into the, Ltftj , and staiidinj upon an ascent was, u/he?u biistiicss inoeased, and the- eicl^ yreio inove, Jjo~ piilous , tnuch thronged and incuniherecl ooitAy Carriacjcs j for rtn'iedij where oj-, the earl oJStrt^- fard a-licmpted to have the passage, enlaiycd Inj throwing down a. part of the City tvall, a 7 id some. houses adjoining thereto g tmt the net j It Inuring pro - prictors Could not ^e. prevailed, on to yield their consenix npoivthe tcriyis p)ro posed, and t/z.o piojtct Canie to ivotfitny . ^etlueen jya’ni.e's yate wixd IsocL's tower stood emother tocoerfSgs- Sts towev cUmolishect in / 7^3 , when Hertianieixf" street was open e-d, in middle o/whi&h tf StuOclJ. from J Sod's tower (he uJall cx.tcndedJViJVdiC till it Joined JVewnian's tower, ty Sonn- Called Buf ivaii ts- towed on Sie tanPs J/ttic vdac/r, ce tt- ■iU of the place cohere. Sussex hrictye- now Stands j and from Ihence at no g7~e.a.t distance it Wa-d annexed to another tower antientiy catted Cd.se s i^Loer , hut L)v loiter tunes the JBafer s tou/er same- having hear, hny held us the Hcohers ' hcdl . ill- stood atihcfoot 07 / Ussextiildcja, wpteC idiC renxams of Uiefou7idatco7i we 7 -e taken away ^Olxcjt sib token iheot hrc'cCje. wus rclcdlkoo /yy4^). Frovi Case's iotuer Luashua-rci on ihi walLs ojihl (it (he end oj^ Fishanil'l^\u loL in itoj .r f ' ^au-t. ioex Ccrrc- /'toL f! , - r' ^"'r that cLalt^ Jti /y^kPlu rj 7 Z, ancckoLcC cl touJ^T oT e^ccc/x axxyU ^ 4,.^ ^ ie.iLo-i^&'yv.-tArcu^l otU'T Ccr77^mvanccn z^ tVA str, Frtmi- A'e.co^AiXi^ <25^ Urecll Ca-rri-esl S-E.Aiion^ p-^rA Af3a.ckUn^ t. ai^, and onu e/ten trru/jUsotne- 6 cl hvLcC^z. wclS litcilt <)'i^'tr ct^ooJueA UjaS rcj:> ccLre.cL hy Jfic kolas Stanih.urst'(^AtaijoTQf Jpuhhivjs'^^j^ uZoufiit year/S'^^ , J 71 ^af tar times t/vis 0ai77Z its Sctccatiiji evt ttuL SdiLt/x of a,*Sti-eeC 6fttvcU^niainJi-^oCca>t-Anty SdmJL SVr J'rtini St> iBredy^t 's, ai' Sl‘-37''Ldt 3^ St?'ce( , Jji. C(^i^ dtstcc72C(L hctuJ^Q.i'v &t 7^i-cho2ccs yatd^ a7tdTo2^ StcocL cc7icce'nt2y a.t&ujeT ^ait^d Q^iizVLllat-tciUir HS-cLi" cccLjetnx i-ny to cthtLilcltit^ CcLlltcC oc^t7Z7~t/ze tziuJer d^CI'LZVLLto, s 1^77V , iai/h oj^cotix^c/o a'7'Q. S Uyo^OSCoC it /iCCVl. yanj^cL 'U'ltor names Jfc^zTy Qe-j'ievcilc^i^/i^s^ / 77 ^ 0 /verttj ilruij cucrz^ ccii^d cvHose w^f^^Mcucd tn Vuh Inv tiv t/ic year /3o ^ . , ^^22 prmcee^ect in prcHij yizc^r a S 7 cu.y X Il?ic ttll tt ’Ur77ii7i^texC u/^j, t/tc Ca^stie. cct 3t7 77 UL^/wzz tveu^r^ Cc Ictile^ lyeyoizd a Sz'i^luIL tc/uJer coAieA t^ru.arcl, ^recUa a liul. UUui.^cj ,ory.ct^,.. cut Of azys CLlUy ; a,-icL ker<. u. ycccC part aftAc. clOu UJcc ts yp b U SJti7v. ^Pieun^y e/ze,-^ uju^ 7i'/ L city S ic/^ StrttT ii, CczstU St7-cct, czi lU cC M J ■ ^ J-I^vcnyttzussz.- otn.t.un.Tyor{:LyicAt'in2,s a zzn .,.t T r t StC may oJCkZyj^as ythc OL-fy e-tp. ^/jg f 2-0 out of tJvV jft-t- /ariTv of ctty Jor Jan-ty ytars far-tkt VcpoLrectiD7i oj’ ihX, uJixils eciioL jate-s tAcrtof,. CUXcL tfxcoi' fj CCtOOt7''cC j^‘ 07Z f txv Hic i^^TyccLT q/At's re(f 7 ^, Ao-ttC graiJAcC to four ot/ur cUuf-ns ■tuJC7xf7/ mark & forfrtxj yx^arJ out of t/tc SocUfccf^rfn^y^rt/to 6 a, no purposes, aivcL ctlL -fU SateC Ccttxfns Ixznig AoctcC, ottfas enaot- -tcO tia-tt/ic. ma.yor,heLcliffs.a?icCcitc fns skoulcL Wve.a 7 ^cL retaft an-nually m i/vUr kandi tfte. SatoU sCr pounds, aiicC tujcnfzj mccrks cAxuxxjtAo. rcmatninj to ho cmployzcC m Hic u^xtls an-ci gcctos bflhn. titoj . Ti'ovidccC dtie stood act he n.t preJccUcU *. n.in^>reU,j, prt„ efiO- Demiwcan! .fHuiUn .‘eaU ten merks tb hilxv /or US'S otlt of -the. Said Joe /axm . ■Tl/ Lodge, and Qcirden. io OT the Inie.re.st Sold . ur sprung - QcLrde7x5 j To wnshend strut , eoirxnionlu e.a.lUoi Tailor 's htll , m the Ct-txj oj^ d?u0it 7L ^ ^ out cent 17 2 g (Xj^ctetyou Ucrcs of grouitd u)itj\ cl neat lHocL^e. . — t/ic^ QciTc((Ln,s StodiccL WLtfx^ cl Co llactLcii ^ Cu.^ rcotiS flowzrs^ sho’uisj - cl Aot Aouse. ^ KoLtstL a'lici imlonrjoct y xiL u)/ilc.A, cl <2.7‘'cy CVcr^Vczixs (XncL ^^otccsj — die^ lUclU and Stand.^ arcL /nut trezs arc oj joccuha?-’ ^6od kindsy/isk ponds, StoO'lidcC loUk laij<^ Carp etnei Tcnck^ — Acre. IS CL SmcLll ptcld. j iM iX/v CL C-oolcK hous^ CLiict S^ti/z^zutt/L "^icai sidUs J-dc Cir^e. Aziirses' , - — !Tk(i iLp/ci'^ St/pa.rt'^ Vicjtis iix the. hdu^c Conniiand cl kcciutc/tt/ Vc^coy She LoLiz^e SPark luAlcK cLd/otriS' . dmj IcecCtj an 11 tcLjL wts/ititj^ e./e^ant Tcfd rc/uLiit a.Tict CentTctl to all pulltc /j/ccces Lit ihc ittiij ^ 77iaLj he CLCCoininocicLtecC Ap apjoltcatccn /di~ /Lv-tiur pccrtUalars io JdTrJfogaiv , arltoi-ney , Ahheij street ^PDtchli'iv , C ddvt. /n -Tilt VoLuttcer's TourncLl ) () Irt % h J-fa net IcL ^ ^ January /t, /ys , ‘yM, -y/XT' Cc-i^ct t^irXi(^ %^t tZo *LiXl^ '7^^^ %. ’^CJaZiZTZj^ V { c^<.X>C I y ^ ^yn.aM.y tTTT 4 y ^ ^'^^u.^€ih' {ly itt ^^Jt'ij^ij ^ ^ (t^a ^ a,u.<7. O. 5 J^e. CAhc/ti^ht^A<^ y ^ />77 ^ ^iTir^j 'y'r^ci />^jt^ipA^ ^ 4$ L^tH^ /^>V“ y Cli{^7 /it c_ c/Cjeu>e-/j7^t^i L 1-/UW L^\^ Tt: ti Cf ■<^ /Y>t <-^ IQjuct if^iC^ ott~Tiu ^yzf TZi Lf ai<.d. /u- ■ ■ l^^,eix 'fir^o ^xx <.oL ^ i, ^v-^ 7~/k jf i) ^ ^ 'i ^ y ^/< /i ' 1 ^ ^^r€'ixissi7tutsh>^Fatcutissc\nii$ CSiCc>i~<^ Se-ct^taoUx. S’ _ — ^^y-rxcxtiizitt. j?o77i<.'fi^^ffi^ ^ -^‘>un,ia7i c^aJfa.ufjics Loe.uj7i 31z 7 7e9z2fc77z £ %. I^x.cc.lic.7t^ JJ ^ 71'IL'I V O S ^ J^I'l^07JZ7U J^rchlZ^, ^T172CLeA~CX,7Z^ ^ Il0771C17}1 ^1^7 2 CtJz./jL7Jl C ^7 Qt-iUal .Coimally .D0771. C 0771 ,. Pt-a/a eu t. '^‘^^^'^‘-ce.ecrias Qe.7i^7-aJz s rv^znuiTx Fccj'z^sct. D.mzcs Toitcct' / r, /7f f - Joa^ ■‘L(> ■ udloM-da^ itiyf e/lrit Ma^jr UAa^ ui. iftkZL 2^ ^'/'CiT^i. ^ L^ynn^P^ '^CLU.cC ^^CcLt^l tA.^ X^^ 7^ //Lct^P^t'C’i.UL^t^ry^a.i^ dUAC^ Ju^ do. Jcd^l. ^Vd tc^y lA^lxA lATtny^d n^ ZM-'TU .i7 i>->.^ cLtleL uM. tu-ttiAjA/ J ^-1 i-itttA'tyiCo-t^j/ ^4.t^ ie 3j\- c-ot^pC/tf c . /y^^y tA^dATi C4/u -'/>^^y <^/ itiA lM)-i.\-->> ^ (yi^pojS-- 2* /y^4i -* ^ jl J/ly P >n.‘t /Jxj /'" •//‘?9) i//Ji4^ cP-'y A tnrdy ^ itU- ?ni^rPyt>4 CiU) Trfl.d'* } ^ X^uJrC-i,^ /W«-/’/-’. pr . ■ ■ -■ . . , ■. ■' a4/:-E .■ ^-ar . .•' ' i‘- ^ • b'-' ’• ' ’ •‘ ' i* i ' **■, • * ■ ’ . ’’*. . '■ ‘ ' ■, ■ ' * 'V i t it' • ' ; ' ' ■ '■• ''■rM ■ ‘ ^ .U : ? ’• Sr i/'; • • . ‘T'?' ■■-''■'■■ ."■-Vv ■ ,:.Ui . ■ ■ ■ ,■ ■ ■f- ' : , -.i ■■ I, '. i i.: "V-Ijffjfi ^^'~' ■: v' ■ r;K‘, '|.'<‘,^r>' ^ '■ ' .? -/-ira. ;']■ >,'■ ' -•■ /v ;' ■•: • . 'S ■ ' K : '. ■ i a* r ■'■*■” • ! • ' ’ '»• - S' . •^?.; " '■ ■ . ;. *.• ^ S' *S, ‘ a !'■ • Jh ■ . - iin'M i ^‘■ ■■ i; ■ ■ '• ■ ■• •. ?!'<■' ^y':, rir'i : ' •:..i|’‘ 4 : r‘ r: ri- :¥ '■>F. ’ . , .•,> • l; • - .^ 1 , 4 ,c, ..^‘ A.-'' % ;'BVi 'I: I ^ 3 ^ ^ c^ , /^... Q- V / • _ " '7i-vw»-x_v-<» : ■ ^T , ci^ )^fiyinr ^ /S'ZyO ?>Z , A-*^ t. ^ r\y ^ ^ ^ J'TU . ^WYX^ oL^X^ -. 4uD ^ ^k^i'yr ^ ^ ^ ^ Lt/“t.y/i /f ^x. •s/^'J-w t^rLo ^ <3^*3 ^ / y ^ iJtjX0>x4 -iM^T< 2> T^r <1^ ^ ' Oi^yi^ y Mua^d:^jAac^ JL. yk A ^ 1 1 M y ^ ^ y > « / ^ ^ ~u «-./7^cy x//*,^^'Vy o*^ Z^ /}6,^>pzlt..^^ £^ ^/r^/>-7.x .. -^ Z^ ' -xrv' ^ ^ ^ y ^^'^‘^cyi-t— y 2- . V^^ Ca/I, ^ ^ ^ ^'^‘tXy^- aLx4^. ^-J^tr^- y^yi^f //«, 2X1- ('^'*^) , ■ ACi> &>-k^ ^ Sfy C*^ 5 ^^^^ /^OA^. ^ ^ ^ Aa^ C.C*^ 4 cJ)" J>iM«^ , ^ 4 ^ ^ ! ^ 7 .» 2 :: 7 ^ I^ki, 4 yuZ^4.rr3 i'ytaj^y ai^ >^<' 7 «vt<^ ; He A ^ A-c-< l\,ArVi-ynn^ ?. (T^ /3i /^A.'y'vXA^ ^ yy^off\. , ‘L^^Q^er^ ^ ^ fco^t!l^^ l^lA^yy^/ i^ /^4 /M r ^ LryU^ ^-iru^ :^u>L^ A.^ ^nru^ /)L/!iu^ , )\^t^ £. 71 . ^oUa^-oT^^ d . It^^uon^p- • ^ 9’'C‘~- ^|/1 e.-:^ / /d^^'Ut^tTf^ '-^ ^ I J^lrtUAM^] v? t. 1 M Ly j — 1/)r/07ffU ^ J >^4->-trt,, ^ ^ ^ 23 * • Q^'^lL.i^tu^ M €J-t. MA^Mk jSXkZ^ u. \ ^ JLdr:^ /f ^ i nz-t^ ^ L; dy-t-y^yx^ , Sj ifAyt-y^ JodttdZt LA^ ^ H 1^ koTi Urdk rtkt^ At. d~ kim^Uo udi^o d. u~ : » ‘ i2. /ya ^ , ^’^yt/, \ Ayy> dfkt^ ^ c<. (/at-'l-'^ I oLvi, hTa-ti^, idi^ ! ^jLa.'y^ iciu6 ^ Lt^fyi-^, ^ 4^ . ^ Jd //^r ^yuTd.^.p- ^ UrA^ i^t- cyd^O iU^*.e^uoJlj 4 ^ > 4 ^ 4 ^ 3 A^ 4 ^ c7ci.4^j ^A'u^ , k-c^7' 71^4 < /*. itU ^ k rt*^ 0 eiyy^ ^ j/l^CA^\^ ^ (tli^ ^nrirtiZr^r 1 /i^^ryia^ 9yiciU^ Z . }^a>y^inyt ^ 1^ ^ S^ ^ 5 "^ 4. q \ .M-^ , Hi- ^ , C^A./Jxj ^ t ^ -uHl^ t-t.-ti^ 'L>, ^oa/ ^ IZZ / ^/k^, -aj , Muu^, 3'^fa^ Z'^- ^“3 ^ 'fn.’tiJfhrUi:^ ^ 4 , f J -L^rix^ iifJcy) 2 - ^ J /^tAA^eir^ , ^ m k^'y . *1* ^t-i^tt' c-c-t.'i-f j.^^A. 'f' W^uX^n^nt, Hpt^<,^^ 2:) u^,y^4 iz^-^7 t t /X^ ItAA/tX/ ^ ^ fii-vyn^ ydr^j^^ X. Lvi^ZtCtO^ ^ Ua^ /i 4^ Xfi^ona a4.AA^ ^ ^irY!nS^ ^ ■ . Hji^t^<- 'T^ >yx.iu^t^o ^ | ^/Vi^iijf^ 4 m^ j^ei>~cLt^^> /l/^T^-if- ^ lAUi^vU-i (Pi^'C'^T'^y^ ^ f rc I '\^ td/y y' i i . j' 3 / C^/lc i^YcM i^vx) S tr^^- S^rcH^ t/u J^atfcr^ fi:^ /^'f Ci^-r, €c^y ct^ fo, H.far^c.u , cx. Qu Uu^ ^ Jia<^] if^ei ^ 4p.v \^ljtAJ-U^^ t cL^^(XC< X^y c^o 2S ^ ac 9.^ M 7" r& ..'«, (,L( 7777"'^': %7‘ “''"■ «•* f 'X‘-/.«,9..z,v rtr . \fne Ki! IM^ c 4 n«.,; r.Y/ y H , 7 /*, ^nr ^ ^ Aa^c 6-tL^^^ Tny^r C'lt^^l^i^y ri'f Ui4^(j CL^ , ' -/? ^ / C. ^ / -wr y^^joua^ / y ■. /■ a, . y TUuykfL 'y S t -c/^'^J^J'j'^^,, (Uy^d^r^ //,,7 L^cy:/7^‘^ rTZ u„ :;'74!77.fe:'— ir-y fu,y i.,.rf, r r/L / / / y ' / y * ' ^ ^ ^-Ci 4 <’// r/ Ji i(yr^hi?-lui Uy.y it. C<. A/y)r7^, ^ ' //;% OAAoi. cL^rrdsi^^ ^ ly^ J^tA^eyra£ ifctiZx.AyyiJ^ /fUi-cnM^^ CfAC^ itv':>tY^ixyyiJ^ytit/^ 4 y^ 'i^t'i^ to ^ C, (P^C^C.\, ftuu^ ^ (TVC'ZtA^yy* ^'t<.' ClZ^ y/t'6-t-^'^o ^ OXtCutjZrVi^ Ka^J^ C^^-Vi/itai^ /J^ ^ pa^Ti tula.’iLf CAc. (rjcL A^o. ^ Xtl^ ria. XiitZ^« //e-»i/ aL I/:;*::;?,,, * (Oijcuttv (jftru.^ '' ^ ‘ / • c' y , , , (L\H-~r <5c tAoT MTY^/Uf S»-/a .. ' I [tuuix^ - 0 ?-^f ' . '/?^laX<-xrn 4 ^y ■ ! ijmA^ Jk^tLcfieA^ O-lCiX) (yyxa.^ tV^xLc^ ___^^ ; 'y^Axit' Ijru/^ 0 ^*ZCt^-in^J^ ketZL CU&VTrc, : ^ i^.3. cyi'c^- ^ aZ 'ko ^y^x^ Ct-nyfa-nfCy Pi^Jt./xxfr'tqd AiinAeP^, cn^k dZrvji, ' Ujo try i V}4,j cn^^ jQ.^^ ; n/Pt^ckx^ At .9 ^eTll*. ^ koAll^tj 'HtAJtA- Zu^y x, j^tiC^ Pfu. ^^L-Ct j 0/-*t ixy xj 0 ^ '»tX'J^ Cl H. O , ykt-V^t-XJ /x- 4 9 c Z S(fta. iccLt^ ', a t\ii£.. ri (taj{ a I t/^L.ttJ Id ^ HeyOyi^ ttel-attcL 7^ Jicya ^ ^(^fii^vi^ ^irr Zfu^ eytyi/aA^eri4^ t'Hjuia c^^Zr^/xn~ cJv , f^Hi?ig C/\-CLYlas ZLl Jf/l^a^yirun. f/eJlZ^x£^‘ A.^TL e^iiA, ck cu^ '^'UajqJv ^A^ZZZyL^d atiyy :t\^ Mai^ ^otyore^^iAryi^^ -^cuaZtl - S^^t&vc ^ /ie ^ tUy^ ycrtu4^toi'lr-^(^^q J^Ve.r-aly ZSrtt,,^ Zf ytruJly ^ai*^ Jay^,j;t^,.j a ^Jey fY cT^j^d on^H' cZ) Xt^Yi S'trl/v ' cyy ^A,t-3 ^ outJ^ tAe. ^j^Ai-e^ y trytt^tyi t-t ActJ! tAfi^ ,yj/3eaJ'a.-cte^-c^ CAyt^ yre.q t JeyiA^ o^rncrha A AivY OuJj>.ttqj y^r y^ri^'L AP^XAZ^aI. o^La< 'yP tAchc A koytAC HUJiAt. Py U-aPA cAyy^dP'jY YpAct hf tX^v Yj7tZje^^e^i€A<.^ u.f) it'v UxjT.z't ePtdj^ a.iP lyaarYx A A de^y^xALj^y mcot^ AiYirvtxi ^ tA^U'- c-e,, PAypitAte. Adraz^A^ y y g-uA. PtJAYayzA'i 'f /iOaVl ^ tZzx Xjgj. ^ e€o/ :/^A?li^y^ UzH ^ >i^/^cYZtA^ y iLmy^ ^Zfr Pd AoxaC SeAyH.y A^zY aA,^ '- Ttlirye. iiifAAtyu,\^ tA-aM. tAcc'l Y.Y^a ^u-t^ ^ a^g,y /dPzy gAt^ OA t/uc- ZyeAir^ f r^~ oA^btyi koA Ar-ny YP,.zca (xJz/fYnfOr^^ OTcjfy y-f, JAUXA^Z^ , Af yi^x, 0^jt- 'Ylt^n.tT(Vt fie ^ AZt/ P'/t< C( (pr 7l j4ec^l144 ^^rrxyJ ee^.eL ■ ".9%r5/ (tve 1, f/i^ jd'O^lXA^ A Oy/tly^ ?^r C(ryvxpCau«y jfr^a^'rn£yyi^ Uf^ilk otA.t’^^Jirjeyyy^ iyt^^ yirtv^ A/^^ACtryUA. 42.^ Ve^f'A v ^irft<.^ ^%Ucl^Q.^ AA.z. yrunr^ UtTa&r'/l/y^t^ ^ y i z2^ ot^ bo lyO-tyt^ 4,3 Ob CJ^dy^t^ j fc^c ^ , Aitb. ” AnCcCAA^ J ; / ^ V^OT T^ - ^^o/CT7^^j ^ ^.d/^jcLddt t y(r^ dP'LLdfiy^v^, CL MatcL ^ - I ^C'iyloyx^yndXi-CC ^X~Zr}jMc V ^ ^'rc^JLij ^ tA^eJ/L i5''«Ae?-<'-Xra' clXct SayC/z JW;.- y/rxM. a.0 X X^^Ai4 ~ A^Ut<^cH^^Ay (?^aLy /^r _ / /Kt-^^OL/K/C /'Yly-^ci- ^ ^ f ^ f i ^ /y- • (c r-p (rrT'iU'Lto Kcr^c-iKnx c^ /Yo-c<^'o f/a£if^^£^ y‘ < I C<^i ■J<^r ujL ojyty/S rv^cr^-c ■ .^S^cc-.y ^ - .V c^ . ^ /^tT . ^K. J^-irvi^l CC}-U'l^£jJ-C,^ -ytiL^ ^J. JlAtyr' tX\ ly CL^, C ^4 Zlc-C7c,^ Z'Pyy ‘^'fi -Acc^je^ PJirnf. <;,yL34 Jo mnui'^ dcipZo ^ y^uo cMuc^^l iiy yi ^ 7J ^ xft'i'cCC- OdicCC-C. fccc/> .Jtv*PC. OXL*u Jt4 Sci.^'C--' ^CT 4 tfhtJ /t,t^ izfi^t f'(^ ouyCAi Ic ^J, t_f^4.^ /X«./o6 /i*-o ' Xjj'ct 4^/ lAc. ujcci^j ^ ^^X.^cC OLt4.oC Jo £xt^y ^t ’et Cd^t^xt eJZ S^td. ^ Lc /{rit^^cUx^ tU /J/^^eAtd (^1^ /yfcce'.’d^ €^,cp(y pnt . ( c^ Atc&kifc, . -ttfA CUA/^ ^ ^ ^ Ax ^^lA ! * JAc Icf-u f CX4 /i ci^ti cC ^ fyxa ct^4l) Aux Jo U/iA/ K.'^JriA 6^^i.Sxyri^A Aglo Te a di^ h^ Ajy yocccd^i /J/rfA yDiAtcAj aA^p/ ly^ ^^typfxf ^ /JcdjXj d A-x /t'chx/~ d y43i.4.^tAy\ i//i4^ ^4i-*y i/> tAu'^ / iX^iAxd iycr*4xv ^A.GC/u/t'^ - da ka^ c A ^9^rxjA[€A^< /^/£ AlA,y A'^ ^ Ao AAjLX.Al^ty'"^ ^ ^i^d^nn 'of ttj Akt^A. Axx caf^ , ux^ U4X4A/ ^fxAAd h'd ex ^ A CXLIO ^C/^t ^xaLo'JA^^ dXj /^d)^ Ml ^ ^ 1^ i t I ^ ^exA f/xx) a J^txrLjfx^ fiocct uJ^yX^xtA a X ‘Tdty ^ ycxdIii^^tpX.AJ^ ^ ^trr6<^ lycnAA d^x^y'^X t ^ , ^xA/d ('Aj't /yex}’ T/x^ i i^'nyiA^xt^ cf ^ ^ y Yi) fnyiiY i'lXM ^C-cttz ^ d^ a^fX'X 7X^(>ti Ae- . Cftf ncxcLe^xi^ ^ JU^ .Jn. ^A^rTk. l^ScAXa;] ty f^} dn e xAiirX^^ P! L v/ Ht/u ix WJy *- u.^C'trd y^raTteej ' e, 'Ll n f i ^t pXj ->'rVt^/'t-«. (^~<)~)^ni .C^ /-» X' ^ - . . 1 ^<.^0 ^ /i /n xx^ , liftZiKy /^ i.aA>Co ^ ^yOyrfUiix^^ ^'Z/ 7?m Ci*7^rAiJtc’-h^ U^l^y TUmX Tt.\ dC^tjL, p Si>Y y u *ytcu^ ^?*w . . 2, /x^«- ^ d.4.y-C.^. , ; ra.tu<^a^X . >^4.oei.U^^^ f- 1‘^i uc.irrix. . yn-&U^0 A dstM A fU^Sy /r,r/ ^ /;..rf . ^ /^Ja^ iA\t‘'jS:Cax^, l> ieu.‘:!>tU kttt^K »ivA) LJ, (t-j ^ij ^iA riTK- f ^ / (t axTb (^J £^ty\^ X If ^*-1 cttf lujl ^Xh CLin ^a.tlcAn<, 0'l^cc^l'u An^'lciA^ 7^aa h^,^^gJ V' fZ7 /tyyiXt> ^ IaAj^Uaj 'Wcu:>tj^y J/c>d^C(i/)d ^jt<^iyC>), Lj ^oLi^aA4.jtttri^oi^a-A^oC<^^ i^C^^ o*-^ TfZZ^ /n€> ttu O^^LyrnJj^eyy' ^ 0-^ ^ ijy6 t^/^,^' nuuty, cTD C-1^t>Ld^^\. i^ctyj^ 0.^c:C. eJuUf^ 5%. clI'i.Uil^H A-£yC oU'l^li:4A,J / 04^ ,j C'h^iJc^L ;44^ CL K) C^-^A oC ^ /^C£lO<^ I ^ ('^^'tjU-X'l i^' ^’t^'t^A-Ji} ^<.A'}t<.> t'O 71'1 O if ify t, f l,C^^ C7 t,- • i.<.^/'/t».' IT UyttA^v^ ^ Oy^-^.c cJk. /rj^ ttiL ()lt(yi 2 ^^ c/t'tyL^AC-i'Ai I'eiT-c^ fvc ^If.C'VL. i-l^'L 0'%t a^ij ZlL Clt^i. ^ ^ ')^^if’uut <-^ j^yodt-A c-c^ /yi aC^ ^ o-y^.',^ 0 cicTu.tyL(ri-t-<- cd- [yi /ttj'yd^ Ia,\ ~7lttc (A ;f,tt^4.-- Oi^C^C^r'l ^dT tide. U-^edd^ dL- (\ (yii/yf' to ^ ] ^ CU4^^ ^cyt>^7Lc^n, ' fYliAt-(^i }^ a of^'i , ^ ^ ^YTHi lyt ct- ^yt^yyA^ ■t^a.dK^ j { d" i*fy-cz4^t<.i ^ Ipryn/t^ Cj^LciA.Cf-U ^ ^ li. d^O ^ /:c \ /^‘■j tlti^ ftdtidl lyC-Lc i , /LM. sZd^^ 'Td^ttCx 'dc/c d/oi*r<- L i ' OH nf.C Cdt-fZ :f ^UjlC^ CU^Oi^<^ U^ ^T 'tti^c i^i^SZi^ ^cu^ a^i^ 6ix^ L^'ti'Z.d ^oJVAa, tix. J^eycZZt^.,t^l^ ^^c'i^ (^7y ^ i^/y-<.c7y^ C't' fy~£'i^j (y/ ^7 M 4 >fUjt^, y , TTLdf' y«y ttt 4/A^urn^, 7da4§fr^i;, J2; ^iA. j tti^ — ^^■A^'YJLdf AjbdA^ dAijety {^^-J.cdPt^'-j odAdS^c^ diir"l/\^ Ajhrr-iLy l47it^ -f^cuy- dAr7Zl7/k . IjJA^'y/'IJ cJli^ Ccy^cdy dAtZ o/^rrA /!fr7^c£dZ^ ^ Jl-ry^L ^/l/ci^ ('lZ/ iT^ . Uh ]X. tAi^ f^UAJ)7- /JvT^ A ^ dlAit*(i j /Ici.i'idi-CL Td, /2^>i^, ^ n lyt-it-T-Y' ^A^/iJoA^Ldyiy 'fZti O'ZZ^ ^ ^a.^/( y/r72.(M~U_ Ij Jdtr^yj l,ur^t^d.c j^ryZ] d^:c.a,^Zz ' ZZ-rz yi;:^' Czru^Lci yf Zc tZt'K ty Y^ydt. A ■i.'Az / Lt^'lvd) AZd/ / y / (Z. ^ ^ ^^ 1 — „ / ^ cc /ec-^i^e^ -9^^^ryi^{/-t, , uA- /-v-r yfr^ /A^fa^c '/. /^- 1^- tr'/M>^ , ^ A f^4i<^ ^//^ 25 ^' yj /i^L^u t' /yo 777 S^n^ay/z^c^i^ (Zaj.. jimjL-- y^J^H/i^^i / Tti^ ifLtz^'Lt. AtTi Ltf ^^7zjy7c/^y . 7f7 ^£^^.44^tyft.O , i/fu Cuts'Ll. a.'Lt ut f .^rzry?/:/^ . /-/»- ^p^iU/ii.. cy^^ctiit ; aO/77. • Py^vCru^'i^^ 1>X^ ^ 77yz.tt.^\yuAAA /)tu)^tfy^ , S/TT'JiA. 7/7Z ' yTy^i PhniA-\ t^^^-f'T-z, / ^'U ZVv^>^< 414^. /^'tiA ^'Liz y} ^ To XC 'J^^y’i^j ^i iZ tTi^.fj ^ ■. ^t'tlxA^T-dj^^) {LtMA.y-fi^y (T^u.^t^rTuej ^ ^Yio^uJ (7-g^ ~IV ^ u 1^' - i^/' *'X' ^ ^ ^ -C'tx Th^l Cl^^ It ^ / A1 5 “tr/ Jl)l oloL D LC-ll Il^X^ So7t<^, t^Z-LCL cice^y"^- s Si^tLce^ . (^ ^ ocjo ->r C4^ ^ [rli€^nt<^‘kt h c, ki c. Lc. tkcTo L2X LLS<^,CL.yxci so caldd jraiiz rA-c. Souv-i-L^Z'tx.^ xX to 1. ^ I'ilo ^uecLo'£.'\ h/e~. ^ jdy^xTVo XX/c^ ^Cy-tO.^A, ' // < Ctx^oC 6^y3 v 0)l ! l)ij Cr- ^ ^ cLve^yif jLtS't ci2,€.cL , JT^xci UJ^ oLcttcC I)IJ To stir's cLt-recTco7rs ^ TVc ' oL Il£cv C. 1} t^L Tc,lx e.y ' cL cL*- t^'fiXco l i j^nd cLtJCiixo- u/cxd 7 iot 2o S o. /i_^s Cd^i^J'ii^oe.coii- ) c> JdacL Ae ojfor'cL cLt joh T{> hcccL hctnxU s ^ Jincl oJe. ize.o'lcctt cl to tci^^ if CD ' LU $c)X\CL^X, Sc clicL stccLii hi7^e ^ Titat tkt. LoketfuiMc^sL oec ; Tezitk^ cokolu. 7 LV^rToi/7e€^ uJould n^otcUccr. Ainx ! 32 ^cL stuil Ac re7^xcLC'>i3 ciu S ctci'Z, tl Ixz. ^ ol^C-UL^ iC^ ^ f ^ jyyi^fux L 6 ^ ^ MS. /WcjTi s . Tc.lat 1} 1.0' 'C^o Olci, ]\f ecu ef CL i C> cry lL'\xcL Coi'lX 'lixcxi''ll e.V^ oC J1X Alis'ttn. Ceto^Lyj McLixi^Sc.-t-i^t Hcitorij oj'tlvc. CotLixTi^ Ivyu ^ %y Will 10 . 171 , De iixUL-l^ c. JTlli'l cCcc / y ^ X ^ 5 ^ L\M-^ LffXn. i.<,^v ii^uLC44^ AucU^ o f st> Ay-c^L l^cudL ji»iA.tiUcL JcL y >. CL'^^. Xu^rw Cri^^^lv^ a.tX-txJu\ a^f ZVLi- tuy uuif^y ctti ^'t'l/LU' tct.^ ‘ttryo*~<. 'jY'-j ■yy.c4sct~ , Si'L-'tti.'y J 'Xxi.j . ^ y/ ~ jj Cx'f Ttt.C^- CCtt^\V4^-^Ocl. IZctcL UjfA ^ $ tlrYjt, cLcncr^<.-,^tr|3Ui.».l4..^ Mp/-) eccYi Tk*.t^ Lir^^o c.u. L^ c^ d^^t C^ /ijl^ >-^xJjL- Oi^^Ci^>l^C\^ Uy^CL.^ ^CL.i,^i/t^ CxJU CM^ ^ ijLyft^ b/^ -CcctG^nj^ <^£^0 ^L4-£^^ TCnmn, otyi^cL ^u^ e^r'^ TZ ; /:<^^-^^ 'Cccro Oct'S - -p^- ^ unco ^^tlZZ. ^yt^cLt^^ Cu^CC'U Q,CX.>rl7LUL-ol^ tz/ut^o ^ tc TZtc^ ^ iTZ tjTljU Lt,^li^i^tyUy ^ cp^vTLc^c^l ^yt,nn^^ ct 7^t>^ ^i^tZ ^i>yr Ci^ ^ Chla^,^ £u. tuu.^ U. ^jt'^* *~»^*-'*'Z^ Gt^ Ztr Cotnp t^ZZ ^'Vutyyhvc^ cl^CLytZZyc^ trjnioZ' ttZc ^ TtZZZ. i'Lc ^ld/yi^<-‘£^ ^-U^cnyfyd iyiZiCO S to ypcc<. £cC^ - ^ I i^cU tu tit^oST Zt^ i..tyxcMe> ^ o^ct cxZZZ) y ^Ity^OLtr^ L.. \ U.£tcZc^<^/^ ^ tcyt^-uc-^c/. cSt^T r/tc- cj.;. . tly,.^, ^ yjir^.y/ iJZ . JJtv- o-ctirC^ /yso. tL^ ti p^C Ztdyrt^ •Mt Z i rcp-jA-f-oL d.iryiy-<- 'tZt'iyt-£- ix^tiy ll£ U:>a^ c„_^ <_e-^ it- 3 « prx<>t,-^^ jfTrr <>^^rixW!<>^ dtPi,CyLc^^ U'kv U^l^tah'i-t^ i.p i^-Uc^Pu^^L riu^^yj Z5tc /?i-M.^^, ly^ -d^.pypt,i^eAf ifp -tp^, Tt- cUl»y TiUc^ c^cCnc^, U^<. ,^,aLn^U Z^Pcc^^X /.U^ aZ. ZZ M 1 ' ^ i^cL Ui-v^alM^ iL’yiyyJ'e.^ tt-t. £4^ U f ZL Z-i.'C I ^ ll,Jtr^^f£C 4rLi-tr '^t>i^ xt/!ry^i^^^^ / ^ 'uci^ cL. I ac^" Ilii i ’ <1 t^C /v-t- fi LX C'l'^ L^ C^-CEi. T- ex'* y^Ix. '3^ljy^< c^ H^JUr-ti Ul'i^ C’i^v-/ i.4: 'V^ ; tTc^o ai-t, C^cr^cC ^CL^ L. ’ ^l,<-*- I'rtL- I ex ri cnrl Im'Lcc ) i , J^fiLUO Qate. to I)^ td}ie.iv JDt>^"yx r-^ I / 'y 6 j)tihl'>''f'^, Tt-i<‘-%*c4n-; a^xa txx$ Lc^/»< U. , ■ ctixd ct,ijy"crci't7f urarc^s (>c kec.k. xurcdc. to l^Xfijlii^*S ^ ]}i ^eirZlx.f^ ^£>111*C12 LCHC€ oJ- Cxirri^’iocs ; cl7icl €i«''a>cx*x- ^/^4 7^ci/ai J^lne. Jl o U<^1^ To rc^-hiiiic ti%. cl ]\ci7i2 5/?im cincL C.0 Z>trLLC.tLLVk, .iiroiK let tt I'let ^^cld fjX4, iix Tre^l cUi^L j chdt^ hy cZ_ LCoxcLTdiy. lix TjiarjL^vnA ,for tlvL SeverexL ElltT'J') osc,s th-e.Te.iix jiiei'ifi, 0)1, eel. JLondxnt ,* Ji.i.-j3yL}ttt.cL nvlOuhlu-L. ity Tokii. BrocdS Ln. ScJlcC I jfo uSe.X,a}ic., for JaC.olM illne-y III. J! Stxce-t , O-ixcL Ta.rruc^2. CcumpLcJ-L iji SkLn.n^r JlZou), HotiksAUri? , /yoX-. * » p u I olLl cni lyt!) Lcti^ ^ I f ■ ^cLji^kcLs oj-HPi^ckltiT^ -/a)7tc/tcs./y^yr/^ :Bi crisis St.J^alkcr Lilts S^. Ja iiij> s , 1 6 6i 2-399 St -JSfl chela S WLtly^xut , ; ^9^'> ^3/y^ :>i. Mt -J-ucins^ 6r6 230/ • LULih.J^O'iXCL}jXlso\ 1 4^3 1/15 5t y 1 L/6 \ 1989 S^ , Salhii 5 l^L, /33y • Vl/ur hrcica'/is , -LLy /L'i'o ^ -/i LLcic^cn 2^ s ^ Hi 6 lOS/ y^lCLkcLC. /Uq /'^J JCiLclVOhS, 1 DL, 433 St^ ]Vl (t/lD la 5 "Willx U'U , 95 6 / • J^TrLC-k, S Ml l?c.rTcc. s ^ 3'2- 2.^3" L.lll L^l, i^IxLLl'^Jh cx.xxc^ , 1 Mr^'Jliky i^ollc^Ttp^£_ ^:)co' I i6 '37 '* L '^1 Cl^ tc HoIL^C. 5 lytllLt k etui Ih']) ai^A^/^sj pretiLpt^'t: ’iSS'O jyreo 1013 ihs>(> I S' 6 , 6~s~l> 14^)0 0 ^ i^iS~o DLihltii Ccietl^ It J)t^S Co ^ r .. / ly h ^ ^^ccsclciij OcTo /jci^ 1 /) . X.cist Trtclaxj cij i/y<.r^ cUc^ro-tixo- ^or CiC^ o •' cl Totu^dclto,^ ux tU^ Vfi/^cr CcvstUYctvd, S 7 rictll JlUclgc.^ W^' 7 -^/ottn-Lct i 7 V- r/L^ Jilthhish of tk^iix. oxhoict~tkrc€. iixck^S toixcf'/ cLvcsi>^<^ ^ I'loh s ^ \/\/ (?>t titCL}' O ' JIcclcLs ^ clixcrl C!yoZLti'S Kxlyovct' 5ix cli< $ .I'ytlend'Zft li-utkc.-,- Ma.ncU .lies iiot ye.t hizoi-oti^ C,f H/kat tkctj M/erc ■>^-^.'lcl^,wkUk Ap/^CctVtcL vei-lj hlaek J cl-yxcL, clitktxj M/m c cl/rclicl 0 / cle/a.ct7za' ■tkxm-Hkclj WotvUyxot scrcijoc off tk^UcLTtk. Some. Titne. Vigo, SpTi7xg lycis c/t 5 tfo «<:,-< W' n.o^ tT^tkc. ohllCkrarS.f JL Cm sit r . ^ Iciu/h Itty s DuhUix Tovcrixcd.) n k! , Duhlux., ^ocltiLvdciij Tukj ZS". T/its LU-teA Uiktzx SdtnclV^Th ijicx UJtx'c dLoaiHg fuf a.Ta,i.i,td.l.tcoiu-tk^ lUdU VL G'c^QnA t-'licT Lix ^rjixo Lcy ivlIIi vi^rH kicrk JfccLcis^ cU id ^ LlJJ’s -rox-UXcL T/tjU^* 7f(LCiAs, ^Ctck^ st Co ^ " I^ikHs ( dL \J M »* L-ion i dnj\^rr\~- , Ccr^j^,£?;^ A 77€>y Hy\ior\ icxiji^^n, ty t, /4 s- 3 /4oH a. cX ' ' f, T'oha.'^ c|-. Jlkiv (5. So-^^.^ ^ Ct^^o 1)0 ^ Jfoo'p , Cock. o»^ Pu«cl\ 6ovr( lK'(€) Tlucas' Kim^S Ath^ ^ (Ma^s /73/-4/ S U/oaa. 'T iv»cot.4- ExrLt^^j,ron CmO- ljj(? fi '' '' ^ 2 w>i av^^) ruKc7iZou)7 Siwv Arle Jhnii,e ^ijO j J~ix.lf Moon A'le House ■^?7 Kose 'rfto'(t7e V«8 -/Mi, J Cocoa C(r0^e Jfeu^^ sfcL Cu^6 MVA. /Vn^ie > C\vec«\\r\ j Oli Sof4 Hol^ fl^ffu-ie ^ Jack's lb ^^r'Tav ora c'-^ (t K£.,i j^aj^s ( 175 ) 1 ) sAtod («. tTo 77^06 Ciraen Block X4t07>^(/762-) 3 CiTy /ai/WiX ^ Gvafiq^i ^iy'eof 1 l3.\/tyyiS f-*outc^*ivvc 'VdvciTM (,n^i \ Coff^^'house l'7‘V I av.'l^ Ch»«A Lonrl^'h muv' Coarli Cn^i) \ (iJSiO muv'tOuriS •* '* ..i-,r , m other vaicamt habitations near) was tlie Talbot Inn, where started cars for Cork, Kilkenny, also 'Tippeirary. Others inns in the district included ' the Red Lion in- Jamcrs’s street; in Thomas street the Queen’s Head and tihe Boot Inn; the S'heaf of Wheat in Francis street, and the Yellow Lien in Thomas street ; also the. I-Iew Sun Inn, and Black Bull Inn, the Last, and OroAvn Inn, the Longford Inn.- So it will be &e.en this part of tihe city weiM, supplied. h * ' .fi f !L V, THE GILBERT LIBRARY liN ACCOUNl' OF THE BOOKS (fePEiCIA.LrI^Y CX>2Jri3EIirBIfTiEia) It ifi prdbaiyle that the catalogue of the j lauqae coBection of hooks pirrcbased by the , Corporation two or thi^ years a^o from Lady I Gilbert will be printed and iS. the hands of stad-^s before very long. Dr. Douglas Hyde and Mr. D. J. O’Donogime lhave findshed the 1 work of eafcalogning the library, and when the catalogue is published, it will be seen that i the acquisition of a cdlection which took Sir 1 John Gilbert about forty years to 'bring toge- ; gether is not the leasts of the rnany services j (rendered to the city by the OounciL Finan- j cially, the Corporation has made an excellent I bargain, as, apart from the greah value of i atoany items in the library, the collective value of the whole is quite exceptionaL For. i i^iese books were specially collected by Sir , John Gilbert, not in the haphazard manner I of soane antiquarians, but as illustratives of I the, iiisiory of Ireland aiud especia.j.y of Daju ! En. They may be considered as his tods in the production of his many learned volumes j C4i municipal hi?dory, and on Irish affairs in g^ereh It would be impossible to exag- ^ gerate the importance of this collection to I Dublin. It absolutely te^ms with treasures I not te be found in any public library tn : Dabbn or elsewhere. During l\is long life ; Sir John Gilbert seems never to have missed I an important lauction or a notable bookBel- !' catai<^gue. Even the most widely-read j Irjish antiijuarianfi will oooasionally ; j /rub his eyes when he learns from this col j I lection of the existence of books, of which j he was quite unaware. The library is not a ■ very large one, as it contains only six or ! seven thousand volumes, but its oampactnees I and Irish interest make it very remarkaible, j 'It is diCicult to do more in an article like this than to give the g#»ueral features of the j -^ollection-^ to mention half the cuxfous thingB i in it would take a, good many colunins. The I fipeciaJly interesting points about I the library -are its remarkahlo tribute te the enterpirise tod ftkill. of the Duh-lm printers and bindere pof the eighteenth (cnlury, and the industry iof the political pamphleteers o.f the same But a. general glance at some of the many interesting items in the collection and jtifee subjects t treated of will convey a more less clear idea of the scope of the libraiy. i IOdo of the most important departments of . t-b© library is that devoted to the Old Dub- inin Ifewspapere. These are bound, .not separ- (Fately, 'b«it chronodogieally as issued, a very , inconvcmient method fronr on© standpoint, but very convement., perhaps, in other re- spects. ThuSj the bewildering variety of i ’^Flying Posts^’ and ‘T'ost Boys” follow one another according to their date of issue. I ,Th© ^'Flying Post^’ of the day is not foUowed by its next issne, but by the "Post Boy,” 'or ‘Courier’" or "I^ews Letter” of the sa^e or intervening dates. If most people were asked to state how mary newspapers flour- ished, in Dublin in the earlier years of the IBth century, they would probably consider that a dozen wotdd be an exaggerated’ esii- snate. But in th© Gilbert Library at least fifty Dtfbiiii papers from 1700 to 1730 are, rejnresented, sometimes by a solitary number- all puhlislied-often ly a continuous series, miirrag nc^hsmimny te TTmn there are smaller , periodicals,, such ae ‘The Loaker- On,” “The Tribune,” ‘The Kcfcler,” and other iimtetiona of Steele’s "Spectator and t It is not generaHy known that' too f^^ous ‘TatJer” of Steele wa« reprinted in Dublin, but such was th© case. Copies are ^c^yely rare, and only one or two ara' to be found in the Gilbert coUeetkm. The number of books printed in' Dublin i the eighteenth centuy is, of coume, legion, and no Iteray can be said to have J^en an approximately complete coUectiom completely, these in th© Gilbert I^ihrary fairly represent the anm^g enter , and productivenees of the Dublin book , sellens from 1640 to 18 0 There : amndreds of -books beai t JT C ^ ^ famous im- ;^4iits of^ke, Booke, Bhames, Paulkxner Pow^, WiLbon, Grmrsan, otheis too of but an testify to i to keep abreast of ^ lUerature of tie times. 2.06 meiriy , ^e m«t notable contributions to Englisb Jrterature repn„ted_r«pirated^ jf ^ to tto Dublin boofoeflers issued a largo ,tou tocf ^dations from the a«ient irom the Erenci -irnters of tbe time. Their enterprr* may be ganged from the fact that Wdrateb’ after the apj^amnee in EnglaJ, ot J-ennants "London,” with all its plates I rii bngmal plates, but with e.ngrariDgs soeciall-el Itooiin artists of the day^l fTho 'bootseUers gare constant employment i to engravers of higdr merit, Halpin, ilaguiie - Brocas, Ksdall, i?’orras an ind-ustrionS' coll-acior ; ; some of the TOlumee in th'es departJwait, such aa the Idrea of largely Grangeriaed .-hat ia, eiti-a-inuatr^ by the ineerti. . o£ engravings bearing «p subjects or persons meidioned ijiterary piracy <* xxjuvgniai'cju gup^jects or peiwuo w ttww+ tioa in those days, and the English book - 1 -parsonal menjoirs, also, were e^touy BeUers wore just as guilty of it as their Dhblii) | appreciated by Gilbert, and the ry ^ colleagues. No sooner had Harding or Faulk- iiich in them. 'ndWin ner ipoblidbed a stinging brochure by Swift (He also daligentiy ^ (hooks than it was pirated m London.- The collection akDa-auaicks, directories, and, in a of -Swiftiana’’ in the Gilbert Library is of relating to aXtbttim One often itself an impoTtanb feature. There are piec^ book which tseoms to have no raoeon. by Swift here that the most learned of Swift’s an Itis^h libra-iy. ‘It may be in Fr^ , editors never saw before. Others, which look rman, Dutch, Misan, ^ them' very like Swift’s work, cannot be, perhaps, eo these languag^^ are Tepreserirtd, come definitely ascribed to him. The pamphlet largely, especi^rly LaticO> 'but w^g'«»- literat-ure in the library is very extensive and raJly find that, however alight . > <> curious. Most of it is contained, in a sei-ies Ixdaiid is ahucled (to ib;e fone^ * • ^ of vtdumes, about one hundred and fifty in (p 3 -;^i;L'cuiarly nptijceaibile featiue of the^ 1 number, which were formerly in the possession tamris is the eplendid seaies of Lai-m j of Sir Edward Newenham, M,P. for Dublin, (prirsted in Ix»avam, Oofogne, , ! Olieri© are about fifteen bundred brochures and Hague, Ameteiniaim. Bouse, and ' broadsheets here, many of which are wrttten. by the greatdxifb sohns> Gmrys, Camus, etc. {hospitality of the newspapers nowadays, -when works of Wwre and XJ&ilier, the . ^ an can air then’ j^prievanc^ in public, was tbet? sf;bofers, who may ‘be taken as reqMr^eJ^nig ^ «nd . :^n,a political or. person^ the Brash Fxote&tant side, ajx, also aR ber^ dhflippio was to be launched or repellsd, the Atfckpi-toi and aixjhaeok^y generally are., ot — i 4nr> +.!>¥>■ vciy mujoh in eyideuce, and many a rare -book or fasedcuius overlooked by the novel laathorities .will be found iu the cohec- pamphlet was the customary vehicle for the ^purpose. Charles Lucas is naturally w«B re- presented; but so are all the pamphlet ecre. Uiotic Of « of pamphlets on the Dorset regime alone* when the question of the right of England to veto money suppliea was fiercely challenged by the Irish iPariiament, Swift had just died —one . can only imagine how his vifrioiio pen would have revelled in the opportunity to lash the arrogant claims of the Englisfa. Par- liament. texesting department. Cenain periods m Which Gabon cbieffL' -abmared aa. bccter ikua- Iratd than others, t.. the -whole . course of Irish biffitory may h fiotliowed in the oala- logae. The ev/ntbetuiporary liEeratiire of the 1641 iPebellTom the Cronw'eitiao reginre, and the Waiiamite waans is .profusely represented- I -In those periods Giibcrt was oiore parricuiariy in'tciref^ed, fund off soaiijQ x))0(talb];& j^^cxcss, socix' as Jjaanos Bulierr, firsst iDrtfco o(f lOrmondie, aiwi ^tlte first JOo'ke of jMGaa^bor'cwigfi, ho seeanB to <'hai7’e cQlle»ted all itha liroa and onsost of the | hastorkaii references. | A nuanlber of. -veay int-orestin^^ and, soaPoe!. iboots in oeveird laagoages on St. Patiidk; and St Bridgeit are abo ihere, and Ixisih g«n?ea3iy of certain Kjcts in Iieland, each as the Qiiakeis, the Pre^bxteriana etc. aittiwfe on ‘"'Popexy,” ftjid especially on Irish I^apdsts, are hetre in manbera 'I'b^ axe ttoo 'mtkiable dll'astaarfions of the spirit of the fiineei to 'whicih they (be-loug to have fscajpod a SKdabtle hastoriaifs eye. Among the iboebs -v^hich have a more or l®s literary imerest are an esveUeM series of the Eiliza/bethati wibeis, inciliiding some first edd- .tion<=, and good sets of the more inapoitant English 'vrriterB of the eighteenth c©m!aiy, Thera are also eom© mnaibaibly interekang and valaalble aftitograjphjs in several of the ^ boobs. Thus Hoaaioe Waljxxle’s copy of Robert Jeipbeon’s j^ys. Pa-. Jolinsons copy of i; one of Eeniy Brootis (anonx'mous) worhs, . a [ .presehiatwm copy of IMolyneui’s “Ose© of Ire- 1 j land Staled,” 1698, from the attthor to his jbiother, and (boofcs that belonged to Ed'maund i I Burke, lidfimmd Aliailanje, and cither eminent j j writers, are aancttig the itexie which iharo an j extrinric vailai©. The presenta-tioai copies of} Iboobs ito Gilbert himself are Tery nnmcimue., j Ibot are anostly of an-risjuarian rather than of' litenary interest. But it wouid /be impossible | to meaition anore than a tithe of the ar^ber^ing L matters in (this great libafapy. Among itsf most notable oontenl-s are ikarly fifty speed- i mens of 16th oenl-nry PuM.in (bdndingB, whose I eBoeBenoe erck^les core to realise the great ax- 1 ^ tistic skill and ta^ of the Pdblm craiftsmm of between one baindred and two hundred yeais ago. , Nofthing has been said fiere of the vahii/ble -manuscripts in. the library. No jT^stice cc^.d ' be done in a brief mentdor? to thiws which ■ are all in their natuare unique. Soinj© cf them' are of the .highest aanporiant©, ajTd ’h‘. would j be hard to esfimaf© the pecuniary vaflu© of m«o^. IBistoTi-oally, they are in some egees beyond price. An iBsAorical student wHl fejd here materials 'hw anosiy veauable boofe. THE IRISH PACKET. 20th JUST^, 190a An Irish Historian’s Library. Dr, Douglas Hyde and Mr. J . O’Donoghoe have, we understand, completed their cata- logue of Sir John Gilbert’s Library, which the Corporation of Dublin have acquired for the citizens. Their description of the library should whet the appetite of the students of Irish and Dublin History dur- ing the 17th and 18th centuries. “There is matter here,” they report, “for a hun- dred valuable works on special periods and famous men connected with Ireland. Its [ Irish side is naturally its most impor- tant element. But it is more even than an Irish library.” Gilbert used books as his tools^ and the collection is a working his- torian’s collection. He was putting it together for forty years, and it has taken three years to complete the catalogue. I The library is ^specially rich in the ma- I terials for Irish social history. Memoirs of j arts and beaux, of actors and actresses, I curious descriptions of town life, satires ' on the vices and follies of the day simply abound. Irish theatrical and dramatic history is fully represented. There is an almost completed collection of books on Dublin and of specimens of Dublin 18th century printing. Irish family history and genealogy are fully illustrated. A unique collection of street ballods is part of the store. Many scarce books about Ireland published at Louvain, Leyden, Antwerp, and elsewhere are included — the works of the great Irish Franciscan writers— Wadding, Lombard, Baron, Walsh, Ool- gan. Ward, Conroy, etc. — forming an in- valuable part. Foreign publications in Latin, Italian, Spanish and other lan- guages, dealing with the Ireland of the 16th and 17th centuries are plentiful. Books by Irish exiles are numerous. “Few things,” say Uie authors of the catalogue, “bring home to one the wonderful disper- sal of the educated Irish race after Eliza- beth’s reign and Cromwell’s wars and the Battle of the Boyne more vividly th.an the books which they wrote in exile, mostly in Latin, but often too in the foreign lan- guages of their adopted countries. One of the most curious of such books is the wonder- ful account of his wanderings in Ireland, Italy among the Turks, etc., written in excellent lUlian by a. B. de Biirgo, and dedicated to the Pope.” There are many noteworthy documents connected with the history of Dublin, amoi^ the most curious [being those of the old Dublin ji * The transcript of the charters belonging to the City of Dublin is of inestimable value, inasmuch as some of the charters then (1767) in the possession of the city have since disappeared. Sir John Gilbert pur- chased the work in 1865 at an auction, where it was sent for sale by the descend- ant of Edward Scriven, the Law Agent of the Dublin Corporation in 1767.” There are note books of judges and lawyers on famous cases, collections of correspon- dence ; and, of course, a mass of material on the general history of Ireland, especi- ally those periods upon which the historian himself was engaged. “Few Irish libraries, the cataloguers say, “if any, of such com- pact interest and extent have ever be^a brought together by a private collector. For at least forty years Gilbert seems to have carefully watched every notable auc- tion of books, to have examined every important booksellers’ catalogue, and to have lost no opportunity of completing ‘ his historical collections. The library L almost completely lacking in what is known as “belles lettres, ’ but it is invalu- able from the point of view of Irish history. Many, and indeed most, of the books of which it is formed are in the British Mu seum and other great storehouses of litera ture ; but tliey are lost among the vast , accu„,)„ations of other volumes; here" everything can be seen together and at a glance, and there are a large number ‘‘of Wks which are not even in the British Museum. Speaking as students of Irish' matters it may be safely said that evbn the most widely read in the history of Ire-' hbrl in this library which will surprise them, and of whose existence thej were unaware ' The Corporation of Dublin certainly dis- played commendable spirit in their deci- ; “Ot to allow this unique collection to be dispersed. It was acquired in 1900 at a : cost of only £2,500, a sum which probably ^ represents only a fraction of the sum 'spent i Mull n r MulhoUand) acceptance of the offer was 1 no doubt, motived by the desire to have the library preserved as a monument in his ( native C% to the memory of her distin, guished husUnd. He was essentiaUy a pioneer m the ropgh ways that have to be' cleared before the history of Ireland can have justice done to it. He preferred the fame of the scholar to that of the literra- teur. His library, when made available, wdl certainly facilitate' the work; of the Irish students of the f;*ure, who will pro- fit by his labours and his seholaish:^. ?aL04BlE SBISH G0LIE8I1OH icughi l5| tSi8 OirpapstioR We have received a proof of the In trod uc ; tion, written by Dr. 'Douglas Hyde, Presi lent i of the Gaelic League, and 'Mr. D. J. O’Donog- I hue, the well-known Irish writer, to the des- 1 criptive Catalogue of the Library ot the lato Sir John *■ Giibei-t, the historifui of Dnohn,^ which the Corporation bought for £2,500, eight years ago, after Sir John’s death. It' is a most interesting piece of w’ork, extremely well done, and introduces the reader to one of the most remarkable private coiiecLons of books ever brought together in Ireland. The collection is at present housed in the neat and business-like Corporation Free Library at T Charlemont Mall, until a decision is come to . as to where it is to be permanently pieced, j The Introduction veiy properly open.s with ! a shoid sketch of Sir John Gilbert s Life. ‘ “Gilbert,” we read, “w'as bom in Dublin on January 25rd, 1829, and was the .son of a wine merchant. Sir GB3£>o!rt. “Ris father was a Protestant, his mother a Catholic, and he was brought up m the latter .'Faith, being educated at Beciive College, Dublin, and Prior Park College, Bath. Even as early as 1851, his antiquarian tastes had manifested themselves, for in that year he ’ had begun to write for the “Irish Quarterly Review,” in which scon after his “Streets of ■ Dublin,” .subsecjueutly absorbed into his “History of Dublin,’’ appeared. The Ilistoiy was published in 1851, and earned him the Cunningha.m Gohl Medal of the Koviil xrlsh Academy. In 1863 appeared his trenchant attack, under the name of “An Irish Archi- i vist,” on the manner in which the. l“ablic Records of ireland .ver-'^ edited. Jo- J-855 he had become a momber or the Ivoyal Jrish !! A’cademy, and not long afterwards v/as ap-1 pointed its librarian, a post iio held for tliirty- fonr years. He was also one of its Vice- I'residents for some years, and held varioms j" positions of importance, such as Trustee of | the National Librai'y. He v/as one of Ihojj Inspectors under the Historical Manuscripts 1| Commission, for which he did much excellent ! work. It is unnecessary to enumerate his works here, the reader having only to turn to his name in the present catalogue to find them ail set out. Gilbert’s great learning and in- ’ dustry are well exemplified in this list. His ’ ^ work for the city of Dublin is of the highest value. It need only be added that he was knighted in 1897, and died on May 23, 1898 It vdil be seen that the collection of booke which we owe to his constant vigilance .and care was really formed for the purpose of en- abling him to carry on his arduous labours in > history end arcbseology. He grudged no ex- ' pense or labour in acquiring what he wanted.”; After Sir John's death IIcrcy, being not inaptly called the Palace of the Sick Poor — numerous Orphanages, special Institutions for the Bhnd and for Deaf Mutes, the Vincent de Paul charities, all over the City, for the private rehef of the poor in their own houses, and Socie- ties of the Ladies of Charity for the same bene- volent object, and various Asylums, Industrial Schools, and Houses of Refuge. About two miles north of the General Post Office on the Finglas-road, adjoining the Botanical Gar- dens of the Royal Dubhn Society, Glasnevin, is Prospect Cemetery, estabhshed through the in- strumentahty of Daniel O’ConneU and the Cathohe Association in 1832, being then only nine acres in extent, but since enlarged to seventy. Here rest the remains of orators, statesmen, and patriots, who, during the past fifty years, won the affections of their native land and the respect of the world. Entering the enclosure, numerous long avenues crossing each other in all directions, planted with dwarf Irish oak, cedar, and palm trees meet the eye. The monuments are very numerous and costly, but that to which the most interest will be attached is O’ConneU’s, designed by Dr. Petrie ; it represents an ancient Insh Cliurch and Hound Tower 150 feet high, surmounted by a cross. The crypt, in which is seen the magnificent sarco- phagus, containing O’Connell’s remains, is taste- fully decorated, and on the walls are the Libera- tor’s famous words, “ My heart to Rome, my body to Ireland, my soul to Heaven.” The Botanical Gardens were founded and endowed by the Irish Parliament, about 1795, the project having originated with the mem- bers of the Royal Dublin Society. They are now supported altogether by Govenmientj the society being trustees for the due administration of the funds supplied. The garden covers 31 acres. At Harold’s Cross, three miles S.W. from the General Post Office, is situated Mount Jerome Cemetery, tastefuUylaid out with gravelled walks and imdulating slopes. The approach is through a handsome gateway with Gothic cut stone and a Tudor lodge at one side, facing which is the hand- some entrance doorway and traceried window of the beautiful chapel used for the performance of the burial service. Many of the monuments are of a massive and superior class. On the west side of the City is the Phoenix Park, comprising 1753 acres — ^without exception the most magnificent City Park in the empire— being over seven miles in circuit, intersected with numerous drives. From the high ground in proximity to the Military Magazine a view of the country tp the south and south-west may be had, presenting a .'aried and pleasing landscape, closed by the Dub- lin mountains, which merge into the indistinct purple outlines of those of Wicklow in the dis- tance beyond. The Park also includes vnthin its bounds the Viceregal Lodge, the usual summer residence of the Viceroy, the lodges of the Chief and Under Secretary for Ireland, and that of the Park Ranger, each with their own demesnes, the Royal Hospital for worn-out or disabled in-pen- sioners, which, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, owes its origin to the suggestion of Arthur Earl Granard in 1675, occupying the site of a Priory of ths-Enights Hospitallers, its chapel exhibits their handsome window. The Z oological Gardens, with their splendid collection and pretty lake; the people’s gardens, with the statue of Lord Carhsle, Foley’s beautiful equestrian statue of Lord Gough, the Royal Hibernian Military School, j the Depot of the Royal Irish Constabulary, and the Wellington Monument, a massive obehsk 205 feet high, built of granite, at a cost of £20,000, raised by public subscription. On the sides of the obelisk are engraved the names of the various victories of the great General who was born in Mornington House, Upper Merrion Street, at present occupied by the Irish Church Commissioners. Of the Streets we have only space to mention Grafton Street, with its splendid shops — the Cheapside of Dublin; College Green— the Capitol- surrounded as it is by the once Irish Houses of Parliament, Trinity College, and other magnifi en' biiildings inwhich various Banks, Insurance , &c., &c., are domiciled— historically famous as the scene of the review of the Irish Volunteers on the 4th November, 1780, and of many other meetings ; Westmoreland Street, at the north end of which 6 Dublin. is Farrell’s marble statue of Wm. Smith O’Brien ; cross the magnificent new bridge and arrive in Sackville Street— the street of Dubhn — classed by Sala as one of the streets of the world. Lined with many splendid buildings, of which we may name the General Post Office, built about 1815, at a cost of ^50,000, from the design of Francis Johnson. The portico in front is 80 feet in length, and the pedi- ment is supported by six fiuted Ionic pillars. The figures on the top are Hibernia, Mercury, and _Fidehty. The Street also contains Parrel’s statue of Sir John Gray, M.D., to whose persever- ance the City principally owes her inexhaustible supply of pure water from the Vartry, which was introduced into it in 1868, at the moderate cost of £550,000— in the centre of the Street is Nelson’s Pniar — a grand Doric column with a colossal figure of the Admiral on the top (from which can be had a splendid view of the City), erected in 1808, at a cost of about £7,000 ; at the northern extremity, is the Rotunda and Lying-in-Hospital, which owes its existence to Dr. Bartholomew Mosse, who founded in George’s Lane, at his own expense in 1745, the first of its kind in the British Empire ; while at the southern extremity, in process of erection, is the monument to O’CoNNELii — the Liberator— designed by Foley, and completed by his pupil, T. Brock, costing over £15,000, raised by a public subscription. With many noble Squares of which any City might feel proud, Dublin can boast of possessing in St. Stephen’s Green the largest, and in a very short time, the handsomest one in Europe. In the course of this summer it wiUbe thrown open as a people’s park through the munificence of the City Corpora- tion, who resigned a rental of over £600 per year^. and of a Dublin Freeman, Sir Arthur Guinness who— undertaking the sole cost of the alterations— has already expended more than the £5,000 he pro- mised upon it. On the south side of the green is the CathoUc University, formerly the mansion of Mr. Whaly. Here is a library, chapel, and hall. It is supported by the proceeds of an annual collec- tion made at the various Roman Catholic Churches throughout Ireland, which reahzes about £7,000. At the south-east corner of St. Stephen’s Green in Earlsfort Terrace is the Exhibition Palace, which was built by a pubhc company in 1864 at a cost of £80,000. It is composed of two divisions, the principal one being of stone with a structure of glass and iron encircling it on one side and partly on another ; the general effect, when viewed frorn the south and east sides, being grand and pic- turesque. The front entrance admits the visitors to a central hall, forty feet in width and forty feet in height, leading across the entire main building. This hall, which is decorated with Corinthian columns, divides the main building into two parts. That to the left contains the Principal Concert Room, in which the High Com*t Meeting in August next will take place ; it is a splendid chamber and can accommodate 3000 persons, the length being 130 feet, the breadth sixty-five, and the height that of the building itself. Its walls are decorated with ornamental entablatures, and surmounted by an elegant covered ceiling. At one extremity is the orchestra, capable of accommodating 500 performers, and containing a magnificent organ. A spacious gallery occupies the other sides, approached on one side from the Picture Gal- lery, Refreshment Rooms, &c. After the closing of the Exhibition of 1865 the company became involved, and it was offered to the Government for public purposes at a very low figure; the Government were willing to take it, but at a price wholly inadequate, and the building would have been lost to the citizens biit for the liberahty of Sir Arthur Guinness, M.P., who purchased it for the sum of £56,0(X). The RoYAii Coleege of Science of Ireland, situated on the east side of the Green, is to instruct and train teachers for local schools of science. There is an interesting museum in connection with the College. The Royal College of Sur- geons, on the west of the Green, originated by Dr. Rennie. The building contains an Exam in - ation Hall, a Musuem, Board Room, and Library. Although the Trade of Dublin is now considerable, and is steadily increasing, the number of special manufactures carried on within the City or its immediate neighbourhood is small, and but few save the leading industries possess much inte- rest for visitors accustomed to the examination of the extensive factories of Great Britain and the Continent. There are, however, several establish- ments that have acquired more than a local repu- tation. Amongst these are the Mechanical and Optical Works of Mr. Howard Grubb, F.R.A.S., in which are manufactured astronomical telescopes of the largest size and highest workmanship. Of the railway locomotive works near Dublin, that of the Great Southern Railway at Inchicore may be taken as the best type. These works were built in 1846. Since 1864 considerable improvements have been made, and in a period of ten years 95 locomo- | ■^''r'JjAnave been built in the workshops. There are j several foundries and excellent fitting-shops in Dubhn, but they do not differ in any essential character from similar and larger establishments ! elsewhere. The same remarks apply to the Marine ! Fitting Yard of Messrs. Webb and Bewley, situated j at the East WaU. The chief Brewery is that of Messrs. Guinness and Son, at St. James’s-gate. The amormt of porter manufactured is now behevedto be greater than that of any similar estabhshment. The main brewery is situated at a considerable height above the river. The number of vats now in use is L50, and many of them contain £4,{X)0 worth of porter. Dublin possesses several other large breweries, though none of them are compar- | able in extent to the great estabhshment of Messrs. i Guinness. The Dubhn distiUeries are no less celebrated than the breweries for the amount and | quahty of materials produced. The best known ; establishments are those of Messrs. G. Roe and j Son, John Jameson and Son, Sir John Power, William Jameson, and the Dubhn Whisky Dis- tihery Co. The distillery of Messrs. George Roe is believed to be the largest “Pot sihl” in the United Kingdom. 5,000 barrels of barley are used every week. The corn niih can grind 1,500 barrels of corn in 24 hours. There are three mash-tubs, the largest of which is 36 feet in diameter and 7 feet 6 inches in depth; and eight pot s bills, four large and four smah— the larger stihs work off 30,000 gaUons in 24 hours, the smaher ohes 18,000 in the same time. At present the tex- the manufacture of Dubhn, which has obtained a world-wide reputation, is Irish Poplin. About six years ago, when the trade was prosperous, it gave employment to about 1,400 persons, and the value of goods produced anuuahy amounted to about Dublin. £•200,000, but there has of late been a great falling off in this trade. The well-known Irish Frieze is manufactured to a considerable extent in the neighbourhood. The suburbs in the counties of Dubhn and Wicklow, famous as well for their historical associations as for their picturesque beauty, are easily accessible by road or rail. Forestry was established in Dublin by the opening of Court Shamrock, No. 3133, in the year 1859. The inauguration of this Court was rapidly followed by those of Courts Anna Liffey, No. 3356, and Flower of the Forest, No. 3379, both of which were opened in the year 1860, immediately after which the Dttbein District was formed. Court Shamrock, on its opening, joined the Greenock District, from which it afterwards seceded. The opening of the above three Courts and the District was followed, in the year 1862, by the opening of Courts Brian Borhoime, Cead Mille Failthe, Enterprise, Erin-go-Bragh, Emerald, and Sarsfield. In 1863 the Order seemed to be taking its hold on the public, as a large num- ber of Courts were opened, but the enthusiasm aroused only lasted a short time, as nearly aU the Courts opened in that year have, with the ex- ception of Courts Nos. 4158 and 4261, ceased to exist. Shortly after this time the District Officers dire(jted their attention to extending it throughout! the provinces, and succeeded in opening Courts in ^Ifast, Dun^Sblfer-Garlow, and Meath. For some few years the Order continued to increase, not- withstanding the many difficulties which beset its path, various Courts being opened since the year 1866 ; but in consequence of certain words in the old Preface to the General Laws and the Lecture Book, the Society could not make that adyance which its Members expected. The District at the present time contains 19 Courts, 1400 Bene- fit, and 58 Honorary Members, with £2654 Court, and £775 District Funds, although several other Societies have worked assiduously to lessen the Order in the public estimation. The District has recently adopted a course which, it is hoped, will assist its financial progress— that of having one uniform scale of graduated Contributions and Benefits for the Courts forming the District; a Hall has also been purchased for the use of the District and Courts, and to found a Foresters’ Club. The Ancient Order of Shepherds was intro- duced into Dublin in the year 1861, and has pro- gressed since that time, there now being six Sanc- tuaries in the City, five of which form the Dublin District, one Sanctuary beiug out of District. The meeting of the High Court of the Order in Dubhn is expected to add new hfe and vigour to the District, extend the Order throughout Ireland, and bring more prominently before the Irish people the vast extent, advantages, and importance of the Ancient Order of Foresters. JAMES COLLINS, H.C.S.W. •f • capital iK treh r a^penc; ; ti£,H.‘aHy far»iahed asd ^ : - r;*,' ; «w»dred yeaw ago, at, - fchr«ege:,eiatio«:, ofdti ' ‘^’^unctivc, title arose • penwno “ fted T^nk” c tamed there in season a, S'Jni-niands, lovers of thi , ®a/ / [ ■ ^be front bas been nU i _>mp.0T«inBnt» are »t,Skibe ->"« f i-*nn)j, i.'.msrx'rn/a.r. i , I aiui a view of thi W^hat may be expected wit f j rdoucJied m its red bride i the npoer portion a ret !>vl.Uethefir,t„<,reyf,o,a entirely rebuilt with a,,,, Hand the Hand .ome entrances lead ieaiujg speciy.?!,, to the f, tiiirty ca.h , be aecoaiu I and another to a beautif j«>ar, where i„ the U are provided at the ooii b-i are fclio new coffee and d h^ebezng roomy aud epac i'^Hawkias street, and in wl have dinner or other rcfreiht ’ ‘■^>3 apartuieat , .steel carving table, which us eleotro-pi ue c, , ni t.h.e,s,j>.^j,,^,^P^ supplies al ilC5.oreqaire. All over the, t r-ients aj-8 really elegant ti... i^ayedwaiuLbC^bB^:;';’ w to ,Jio Tb e hui ie,’ these iadudin'T re^I W.r«irrorB,Ldi,/„";tr„reL^: Air. belan has provi.i«fi “f*^*** "’on. bb ,h, flrst floo, g,.r,tl"^', “rtS h'"''"'- '‘Obfic li j -rtLc house, this bei.ig g-oBj. |S.ue it. thc..bMo...ebt, end if th“ " ' a hW-T ''•“'““‘o o t a high dass is to be found ir I' 8l than the *‘ Hed Bank" in r 'i-p P 3t.'.lV4 '^1 . r~: . j.V'n fronk’ T^yac , Slirt' 's'^-jjrh Frestch fih'.p reported r a^najir sixjtcen I jmtrmttii diteitmisr ^pvef, frona i'orfc B:e- moHs on SuDday, ia lat ifeude 48.41 laortb, loug^- i^jiude S0.24 v/o»t, with njain abaft brokeiv CALCUTTA QUIET. (KlCUTKK’g TXLKOBAM.) OALOU'm, WKDNag.^AF* — The arrangen^ents made by Colooel WiJford, commanding fb« troops here, produced a uosfi excelieac effect. I^asfi night the mob, hearing that parties oi troros bad been despatched to both sidta of the river, lii^per^ed witboat any disfcurbanf^e, A body of .roops feufficienfc to wpe with any mob was wi'ploye'l, but there was no diaplay calculated to excite iieedless alarm among tae general public. Oolonel Wilford made use of the ssrvicea of the Iffth Bengal lufaiitry, a regimen t coin posed chiefly o'; Mohammedans, on the Scrampur side, and tnie rclinnee upon Mussalmaus lias produced an excellent ejEFcct on the SetKjys. nOSSIA ANL CHINA. (RttUTJia’s TBI^E'iBAM.) St. Peterseurq, Tuesday. — Advices received herefrom the Kusiio-Ghineae frontier state tnas since the spring the Chinsse hare been ,erectjug tnrtificatioa.j around the Chinese portion of th-s town of Kerry and exoluding the nativeec They have receivsd at Akau cousigamects of artillery ammumtion from Uruuitiha. German tradfis have also arranged with the Chiueae Governmens ^ for the despatch to Urumtiha of a ec‘asigumeut of j oarbinea and plant for making cartridges. Prom I 3 m Taiali trei^jh troubles are announced among the { Dnngana bauds, some of whom have ouinailsted excesses In the Hausa district. The Ministry of Fmauce has decided upon establiahiag cum- loercial agents in the Btaces of Central Asil* and the extreme East, where hitherto Ruaaia's cwm- niercial interests have been represented ly Con-I^. suls. FRENCH CRITIC ON REVIEW. ALDEIiSHOT — Gilbert's Streets of Dubii?/, bf. mor.^ with ^ AuiGgra'ph%}f the A uthor Dub. 1852 ; ^ This ccpy hbs consider ahif enlargedPy t(ie. addition 'of a vd^uahle MANUSCRIPT /\rPENDlN which ^ amongst of'cr interesting matter, inch.tde’' a Map and DescHpdon> of the City Wail's^ Tht Petition of the ' * Woofen Man': in Essex Street, Mems. Reiatingfo p!d Newgate from AudtrE Coopers Uwpuhkshed MSS.f A MemoruU .of ' ^^Croppie's Acred*' Genealogies, Songs dy An ecd^^i^ also much f rintea matter^ efnhracing Biograp% cay Sketches and Nckices. of the Author, Prc\ 1 •■ 7 . Liberties, WcVraT’s Historical , , jg>g Platt'S, Meps aiul ■ ’ V'OaM® ,..i,r udStions^^ntiquanan, Sm'.th’s Iloiith, io, p/jfdi, iS'^1,’ •I—' °' " V - , Dominick Street, p-elomes ^ h ^^n-’’ f3\7‘ Account of Mikael Gnj^, I V , J^ecuted at of Mcatk’e 1 ■'' '. aniid of Merabants. Dub- v_ y e saturalec ShaKespeake’ _ r * K /» T'rii / Clil Iril Shakespeare ^ ® ", IliaUespeare’s liirU.place „ helJ at Stralloid- ' .„j, con.raillpa in rchasitis Anne Hatli > r^Ue Rev. G. 19 confirmed by the rluitbnot voted hurriedly, and vyiU.,- lat the parcbase was e , j general body ot „ ascerinining 'f , e »»* oxce.si.e, .e .rns.ee,, .7'^, ■ ..e^ «- a'>oived onl, l,e Mayor said the coir ^ iiree days to . |jt, by an enierprismu f Ihe cottage bemg bou^bt Fair American and were (urtber em- ,t Chicago. Tie furniture m Anne ,owered to P^^^base committee reported Hathaway’s Cottage. lor admission to :i,nt over 2070 per.jo ;.A;l^P- Shakespeare s B uationalities. Nearly renting twenty-e t, ^ jj jrod States. A number of 6,000 came Iron, the C ^ the year lor valuable uitts had been rece^ Theodore Martin, a the library towards the special expenses trustee, forwarded £oOt Hathaway connected with I ur^ e Cottage. I osition to purchase other ^;;^e.rors:.;e.pere.: in,er»t wiien «cc.^ juired. without protection, the soldiers wan’tonlv broke into the Friars’ grounds, and ran among their geese, killing them all to the number of twenty-four or thirty. This was done in the presence of Father James who hapned to be ont of doors aoTfi his Iigious habit at that time, and who feared no outrage of the sort at thlir hfuds tb/i"’’'® 1 "“^ mishehaviour on the part of the troops he indignantly remonstrated and tbonght that they had dared to act in such a licentious manner because none of Preston’s officers were present to curb their mis witnout, the other religious soon appeared on the scene, and found the soldiers flLrishincr their swords and pistols. Father Jam^s hei? endeavoured to shut the gate to pivent them from proceeding further, untiF some commander should appear. One of the troopers belonging to Captain Pierce Butler nis pistol at Father James, and swore he rate ** f 11 ‘bo gate. The latter persuaded him to hare patience, and on promising with an oath if admitted, that he would do no mischief, he was allowed to pass. No sooner, however had * m V library UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA-CHAfViPAiiiN Of\M(hVTO^\'^'E "'Unrifi^bry S*Au^i;bn t— o ntr JV^rr/uiW^ O ?W‘| /itntif :Oi> ^ If>^ c'idTTguif''^ :'- n^W^S'V- odir^ci vv' 'V'-J.vi5£M ,^^uf lr /7 «»'n.n.cA*;. ConwtHrS Capo dun,' CcrvyXT^/ ; 1023/ /• '^y f/vitfr-Ofu^v*? *>1 (ifPj'/A ' Iso t dip's i«» •j/JJ/yi ' <>» ioo|sJ.Q^/^^,Vi amNcrd .1 A ^ :• r,>'G }iS K»2BNOiS5 L^)ZE^■GE^> XrEYnMfS LOZKNGBS 'Fucre is i lo sp.^'p-ir and r-f-.st.pdj' Loz'-flgc ajoo-e gires relief; ‘ije takcii by i-lie CiOs! delicate. If you caaDG-r^^ieep fr>r congbing, IGvitmgs Lozenge fwixi yet you risLt- They are niterh un- ?iva!ipii, anJ -R'lil t -v.;TjL TBL- WOltbT COUGH. 0DltE T;IS AvOKS^T C0U»H. 0UftE Tl-r? ■'WOifST OOTjGH. rWEE THS; worst OOT7GH. Sold ‘ - . . - . in tins e-acli, or free fioin TiiOiL\S-.l£E.^TLSG, o23i> 2Gs. V TER SA -eRY Ai< D cue -I'i Q SALT ifUiKKYSALl, l-vjtiii; Itoct Salt. 14 i. ’ Telepfaona-Sid. ?'at.-lrenu Coal. . mo'^t EcoiicmicsJ HOCSE d can sdy be had from the SOLK atiGlSlLitED L&LSY. vVtGAN, Etc. AL STSA^i SjJlPPlxa iLPANST, Ut£ fcX. 18. HE OS, •«i> fM CITY. r«r T.>a. .... ,. diJ Ca-vh SfH Ca^vv;, 19s. ^.- ;_., irh - .1 tod. Cai^s. Its lid. .. 15* tod 'Oa*a, Pas iio. '■CVsai . L/elivc ■ YvTLMPRATMI ; ..iSDEPMDENT m SATIOI. ^ SATCEDATr OiTTOBEIPv 22* 1904. KOW -ON -BALE NEW SERIAL; ‘‘THE EHUITS OP POLLY.’' ATI^iACiTV'B IRISH 'IfOTSL, BY '-U F. SHEEHAN. iKisuT. t;. > J«. ... 'S i> ^jiCnm \ . -■■. (Othv.-i {r»- 'cbe fi-or- . vv I'-abii . > ' VYri'-TMOKET ' L- 'I ■ ?i. liM -- ,{ R-,:vJ, • FT-t'ii-biiS^iefi lilv-. . ..™;u • If*- . - I i ',■ . jx LOANS I 'ii'i •<•.' ..AVf*} ,, ’ ■ 'v * ABi.K .r-AYii ir" .'-h t- 'i.v. p- ■ Huvi.r* I I AOR.'liACfcL.'-' : Y " IT-TSKEOI'. ■ . r j Arnifi-cU -d-x’r-aoy Ti nf- '£■■■: ■» 'Thyiid r T'UoiJDdivO ■vpplLi r>« The ataiv^l Trtiilic-r. -it- Hfinf. to Li5,dv0 IVonipr ocn5Ktfcr„t:o-n gt<-f ,i Bor Bioiypac-i^^ ind uii ‘ * AiA-RFI> H. h^:.- hr snpp. V. !^’ • .!- es-d V ! -tc -auY ePBVcii h&TB ol /’-Tiw. beejth and { _ ^x^nr^os. o. V Wr. , g tn rcy^r,v Ten.Iers loi- iho-. , ! '--^vpu: er aijac^ eO W'orkjiiejib Suite add; OilslLisr.. ; -SmA:-? .C:. upTiiiTig of D?a-iii- made rr' T rjy): ATte-.-.tid. .iLow^ur.?, . Iri \’&,r .teaL' c- aa..^n. i,sa. ..-. 1 ,; Vf.xte; .r^-: , fx.rsc to rciXi& tri Irteu nia.; „ d__{.; : r '‘F ji: i-: -tl: >c>f .«3ftJ^N''g QL'vrHING. pOR, 4 OTXW.:. IjR VjNS V<..iir UYOT JJ’Uii r''- rin.hl-, y^trir .v,Tx .ai;a O', “.'..'-otitt V- iuia o. Jdda; P^i ..li'".-:^. Tb -..Ml Ti. .ket« ru w av.-.k and H'aatUndrfj'r .‘-.ravKHL'i. • 3>jd?pri>^n Joci '•'^M > e-irs U rr'-..i:r'.ii C‘Mr.>>a : ■ Aapt::!*; T.:3.:n uar, mirL Tdo iv-.a, i& toii it KinSitu^a .s -. 1 •^- ..f • ■pa-'-xetiv :-...nsx-,.-.'v^:. nr: I>t!BL5.N y'AH, - you rib tif, fOK CRKPl^CT .tl;!yUT,TH thei-a is -.iio groateit . tvromote? tisax: theeo faihous p'dl^. T.^.' ■Rjjyin i it so all Ov-af tbu -K-brlu, tUi're ! thousands ot s?H5st-< «n.'i -! he.rli ny peoplA- who :' to i'ho ■ _ « •.-riaj . - ^ "o RdLSicn O.^Too.laii&rteir'Sil* - t -• W-- -f'';':-- -.'.T-Kr.:.-'-.:., Piif ASD RTuar t-s. .vxo^y 57-6dit -'ay. *X'iK>coiV« i - -m it-- ■.. * -- TehdirSi wbadi mtll vi .;fi-Anr.).ay, 3-p.m ami ;-ic., .tt.- "na.! Wedry-daV- Jj>. V aaIU BBSai- -P'"^ ..la.. TTt:u.j!-„ .^.u iiova.,- a-nto 'PIVilM nf SAP T'C.d.-i ■p-fienrs, Ln-.h. fi.-.i.c-€.*;d.T. Teradets toox' /oa f-rms d’Trrict. ^IBEOH SM’S S^a ■ -TTo xi:S ',. l4.. X!i..,;F P’-'-fei- >tc, ’“'-i •roGttpy }L Sf-mp-r-'- TEryc-.-.vo-i feter bftr !; Yf Li^'docl nooa. 'llm i-.isiri.vt. Tnnder aot, ne'a>sv',iriiv .iJ?cTOfy>d. rSijx-A'K. , M. A- ATANISIN'g: - T a«34.- To%-n S.m-ystown, ; ' -Satt- . 5f.(’P {SH p»lfe>^. mt BUI^IOEOUS STORY, “TuEiiyVAL MARKET WOMEN, THE FBBB-ya thing hitpertn owptose-i for isrpm-ity of the- bleodi ur'ysJ°SkSr^ ^ narticni.firR bohU Rt^nsped addra-ssed ft-ai#*nei e»er ■ t«d»y and i;»UirR»y fbres -c-doon, ‘IJ-v. !.■ ’ .... »re, is. 'ForincteU. ete.,lir-p’r at ft? O.*; *•;. -. Edenaiiay ana Nerth ire»,tis Xbonxaa. C- '-is Sens, ur Sim fWjii itrcct, iinttflnyhr ths i.aocssvm.v a:. . York shire Sail way Coaj)>ii-v’a u-tK*.; xi -»>e»tTj..re-i-. f-slooa - r’sK/jn-y.-rs xau rewaia on atwf air - BtSS a-ni. ■ - ' A d-ydv Ofunibii S*rrics is mxi in 'onneet.. ■s''*-'- -, AiaoacV'fc atcamars and CI.Aiiire Ua^. Oreai ^- LiernMidis. d, ft-^it-Seatral, an-i Iaa-.>5afro Vr liiro ’s-t;b?a\--, cou .-eytug Ttiroi;sh-yi>oied DUIaLIN AND BELFA'Tx G,4iTLE, SuCl'd, ASD PASSK vSSaisij. Duhliu (N’oi-t£^Y:.li,to baliaas,— .Xes^t. rod BsUirilafs. ai “ I'.'m. • ' -a ... P?’tisi fttoa-xz-iL vinay- ^o-xaa. da Vi Yri'.- rs, at 7 }*jn. -Siasit. f». r-r-ttora {»v*:is*e» fs- tn; 3i..nite,i. tvi- liecfey^Single, .•<«v.r&. i-s. for two- ibototh:- - A- iniajT. :