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T II E 
 
 • > b)* 
 
 Merchant’s Complaint 
 
 * 
 
 AGAINST 
 
 I 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 I. Their Behaviour towards 
 England, in the peaceable 
 Reign of King James I,— 
 exadly taken from a 
 Dedication addrefs’d to 
 the Parliament,and prim¬ 
 ed in the Year 1624. 
 
 Hi A Letter from a Gentle¬ 
 man'in the IE'eft-Indies, 
 to a Merchant in London, 
 concerning Trade , the 
 Pretenfions of Spain to 
 GeorgiaAhz Depredations 
 and Cruelties committed 
 by their Guar da C oft o' s 
 on the Englijh Merchants 
 and Sailors. 
 
 III. A Dialogue between 
 Henry VIII, Edward V f. 
 Prince Henry , Queen 
 Mary, Queen Elizabeth , 
 and Queen Anne ; where¬ 
 in the inbred Hatred of 
 Spain to England is 
 plainly proved to be 
 Hereditary; and that the 
 only Method to treat 
 with Spain, is by Point 
 of Sword (being the 
 Advice of Lord Chan¬ 
 cellor Bacon on his 
 Death-bed to Queen Eli¬ 
 zabeth') . 
 
 To which is added, , 
 
 A Letter from Queen Mary in Elyfium, to the 
 famous Count Gondemar, the Spanijh Ambaffadnr, in 
 the Reign of King 'James I. w ho was the principal Cailfe 
 of the Death of the Great Sir IValter Raleigh . 
 
 L 0 N D 0 N: 
 
 $ 
 
 Printed for, and Sold by W. Lloyd, next the King's 
 Arms Tavern in Chancery-Lane, near Fleefhet ; 
 and tbePamphlet-Shops of London and ITeftmKfter, 173S. 
 (Price One Shilling) "N 
 
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I 
 
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 t M 5 
 
 P R E F 
 
 HEN any Grievance becomes na¬ 
 tional, efpecially in the Mercan¬ 
 tile Tart of the Kingdom , it mufi 
 naturally affect every true Eng- 
 lifhtnan, and Jiich is the Subje£i 
 which we now treat of s Briftol is next to 
 London, a Tlace of the mofi Trade in Eng- 
 land, they have already made very warm 
 to Remonftrances ; the Merchants of London 
 J have feconded them, and it is now the com- 
 1 mon Opinion that the Government will ente¬ 
 red itfelf in the Affair ; the ill Vfage our 
 Fellow Subjects have met with from the 
 Spaniards, muft naturally roufe us to Revenge , 
 if not root in us an implacable Hatred to a 
 Nation, that has always deceived us ; never 
 i behaved friendly to us , even when they pro- 
 fees’d the ftrifleft Alliance ; but have always 
 I upon the jlighteft Occafions , took every Oppor - 
 Z tunity of {hewing themfelves our Enemies. 
 
 England has for fame Time held the Bal- 
 lance 'of Europe, and been the Defence not 
 = only of the Troteftant Religion, but a Ear- 
 , rier aqainfl the encroaching Deflgns of all the 
 I European Towers , by waiting the Refult of 
 their Councils , and then throwing her Tower 
 
 A 2 *nto 
 
 ~5 5 
 
 ACE^ 
 
 59734 
 
into the Scale ; (he hath often difconcertedtheir 
 Me afur es and calm'd them from 'Tumult s\ 
 that jeem'd to threaten inevitable War, into 
 !"peace and Re a fin . 
 
 In her prefatt Situation , — if the ambi¬ 
 tious Views of France, embolden'd by her grow¬ 
 ing Power, fteould join to ajfjl Spain, what 
 mu ft England and all the P rote ft ants in Eu¬ 
 rope expeCt ? especially as the Dutch, our 
 natural Ally, feem to be pointed at, as well 
 as us, and as the Emperor (once our friend ) 
 is engag'd in an ex pen jive and trouble fame 
 War with the Turk. 
 
 This is not the firfl Time, by many , that 
 the Spaniards have been at Variance with 
 . the Englilh; nay, fuch h$s ever been their 
 Behaviourj that we can never expeCt any 
 Civility from them, but by beating them in¬ 
 to it. 
 
 Some Time fincej I met with an old Trail , 
 (publift/d in the Reign of King James I.) which 
 feems to me to be wrote with fo much Judg¬ 
 ment, and fo well exprefs'd the innate Ha¬ 
 tred of Spain to England^ that I thought it 
 would not be amifs to fet forth the following 
 ExtraSls from itj as a proper Introduction 
 to the enfuing Letter , which accidentally 
 fell into my Hands , together zvith the di¬ 
 alogues ; and which 1 now publifth with no 
 other View, than merely for the Good of my 
 Country , which I hope will never be made 
 7 the Dupe of Spain. 
 
 • TO 
 
TO THE 
 
 Illuftrious and Grave Assembly 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 High Court of PARLIAMENT. 
 
 O you, who are the reprefentative Body 
 
 of England , and the Epitomy and Com¬ 
 pendium of this great Volume of our Eftate; 
 To you, who are fummoned by our King, and 
 lent up by our Country, to obey the firll with 
 your heft Fidelities, to ferve the fecond with 
 your chiefeft Zeal and Endeavours, and to 
 affedt and honour both, with your moft reli¬ 
 gious Prayers and Willies. To you, from 
 whom God for his Glory, our Sovereign for his 
 . Honour and Safety, and our Church and 
 Commonwealth for their flourifhing Welfare 
 and Profperity, do expedfc much by your tran- 
 fcendant and honourable Imployments: To 
 you, I fay, and to no other, do I prelent this 
 Confultation to your Confederation, and dedi¬ 
 cate it to your Protection. 
 
 And becaufe (in point of Integrity and Duty) 
 I hold myfelf bound to bring the Truth nearer 
 to your Knowledge, or rather home to your 
 Underftanding; may it pleafe you, to be in¬ 
 formed, that about fome three Years lince, at 
 the firft fetting of the laft High Court of Par¬ 
 liament^ when our King was fo earned: in pro- 
 
( 6 ) 
 
 ^ofing the Match of our moft noble Prince 
 his Son, with the Infanta of Spain \ when 
 the King of Spain colourably pretended (tho* 
 not really intended) to be deeply affeded to 
 entertain and embrace the faid Motion ; when 
 Count Gondomar (his AmbafTador) made fhew 
 to be a zealous Solicitor, and a moft a£tive 
 and officious Stickler for compaffing and finifh- 
 ing it; when our Roman Catholtcks became 
 paffionately, and infultingly confident of the 
 free Toleration of ..their Religion, and in the 
 Sky-reaching Mountains of their ambitious 
 and fuperfticions Hopes, were already prepa¬ 
 ring to ered their Groves and Altars, to fet 
 up their Idols and Images, and confequent- 
 ly to introduce their Pope and his Mafs in 
 the Temple of our God ; when all Prifons 
 were unlocked, and open to all pernicious 
 Priefts and Jefuits, and that many others (like 
 Caterpillars and Vipers) came flocking and 
 Tvarming from di vers Parts of Europe, to poy- 
 fon and eat out the Souls of our People, with 
 their idolatrous Dodrine of Antichrift ; and 
 to withdraw their Hearts and Confidences from 
 their Allegiance and Fidelity, to their natu¬ 
 ral Prince and Country ; purpofely (with more 
 Treachery than Religion) to fubjed them to 
 a foreign Power and Jurifdidion. When the 
 Emperor had beaten the King of Bohemia 
 from Brague , and the Duke of Bavaria with 
 the Afliftance of the Swords, Soldiers, and 
 Treafure of the King of Spain->h&<\, in a fet¬ 
 tled Truce, affaulted and taken many Towns in 
 the Talatinate , contrary to their Promises to 
 - our 
 
 / 
 
.. ( 7 ) 
 
 our King, and of his Majefty’s to the Prince 
 his Son-in-Law ) and contrary to the publick 
 Peace of Germany and Chrijiendom. Then, 
 then it was, (that to pull of the Mask of 
 Spain' s Ambition and Malice, who with the 
 Fire of this Match, fought to fet England all 
 flaming in a mournful and miferable Coni- 
 bullion, thereby to bury her Glory in the 
 Dull, and her Safety in the Cinders of her 
 Subverfion and Ruins) that as ‘Prometheus 
 fetched Fire from Heaven, fo the Fire of my 
 Zeal to the Good of my Prince and Country, 
 likewife fetched from thence this Royal Con- 
 fultation for the Difcovery of our apparent 
 and imminent Dangers, and in knowing them, 
 to know likewife how to prevent them; which 
 refolving to make publick, becaufe it folely 
 tends to England's publick Glory and Pros¬ 
 perity : I, contrary to my Expectation, (but 
 not to my Fears,) faw my Hopes nipt in 
 their Bloltbms, and my Defires ftifled in their 
 Births, becaufe the Seas of our King’s Affec¬ 
 tion to Spain went fo lofty, and the Winds 
 were fo tempeftuous, that it could not poffibly 
 be permitted to pals the Pikes of the Prefs: 
 When albeit my Zeal and Fidelity again and 
 again infufed new Audacity and Courage to 
 my Relolutions, to fee it falute the Light, 
 yet it was impoffible for me or it, to be made 
 fo happy, becaufe I faw Allured'' s honeft Let¬ 
 ter, Scot's loyal Vox Populi, D. Whiting, 
 D. Everard, and Clayton's zealous Sermons, 
 and others fuppreffed and fiienced, as alfo 
 Ward's faithful Picture, which yet v/as fo 
 
 Inna- 
 
' ( s ) 
 
 Innocent, as it only breathed forth his Fidelity 
 to England in filent Rethorick, and dumb E- 
 loquence. Whereupon inforced to take a Law 
 from the Iniquity of the Time, (with much 
 Relu&ation and more Grief,) I huffed up 
 my laid Confultation in Silence, and becaufe 
 I could not ferve my Prince and Country in 
 that Book of mine : I therefore then renewed 
 my coniiant Refolution and Zeal to ferve them 
 in my molt fervent Prayers, and my molt re¬ 
 ligious and zealous Wilkes, the which I 
 have ever fmce. faithfully and conftantly per¬ 
 formed. 
 
 Sitting thus to behold the coniiant Incon- 
 ftancy of the World, which prefects as many 
 different Accidents to our Knowledge, as Ob¬ 
 jects to our Eye, and being Jealous, Vigilant, 
 and Attentive, to that which did, or might 
 any Way appertain to my Sovereign and his 
 Princely Poiterky, to his Dominions and Sub- 
 jeds} I was enforced to lee (O that I had 
 been fo happy as not to have leen) the perfi¬ 
 dious Progrds of SpairPs new Treacheries, 
 and Ufurpation upon many Countries of 
 Europe ; for firft, his Confin Leopaldus hath 
 devoured the Dutchy of Cleaves and ‘Juliers, 
 then he and his Forces have taken many other 
 free Towns, and whole Bilhopricks in the 
 Countries of Luxembourg , and La Marcke ; 
 as alfo in the Frontiers of Swifferland and 
 Lorain: Then he and his Factor the Duke of 
 Bavaria (lor him) hath finifhed his ablblute 
 Conqueft of the tPalatinate (that dainty, rich 
 and fertile Province of Germany ) the Dowry 
 
 of 
 
( 9 ) 
 
 of our only Princefs, the Inheritance of the 
 Prince her Husband, and the Patrimony of their 
 Royal Ilfue, wherein the Honour of our King, 
 and of his three famous Kingdoms, do moll 
 extremely fuffer. 
 
 I faw him conquer the chiefeft Cities, Forts, 
 and Paffages of the Grijons , and hath brought 
 their Liberties and Lives to the laft Gafp and 
 Period ; yea, to the mercilefs Mercy of his 
 not generous but bloody Sword; which being 
 under the Prote&ion of the French King, 
 doth like wife call a wonderful Stain and Bie- 
 mifh on the Lufture of his Honour and Crown, 
 if he fpeedily take not his Revenge thereof; 
 by leaving thefe his honeft Confederates as 
 free as he found them, and as great Henry 
 his Father left them. And after the Triumphs 
 and treacherous Progreffion of the Houfe of 
 Aujlria in Germany . The King of Spain 
 hath now made a Body of his and the Im¬ 
 perial Forces, and this Summer intends to 
 play his bloody Prize for the total Ruin and 
 Subversion of the Netherlands ; (who to the 
 Eye of the World, and to human Judgment) 
 mu ft fhortly fink, if the two Kings of Great 
 Britain and France do not make,them fwim, 
 by fpeedily fending them brave Succours and 
 Affiftance in this their urgent Neceflity. 
 
 And whereunto tends all this treacherous 
 Ambition, and formidable Ufurpation and 
 Greatnefs of the King of Spam , but to cut 
 out a Paflage with his Sword, and make his 
 Troops and Regiments fly over the Alps, for 
 his erecting and obtaining the IVefern Em- 
 
 B v pire ? 
 
pire ? And whereunto tends it I fay, but to 
 make his Territories and Dominions to en- 
 circulize Great Britain and France , yea, to be 
 their Cioyfter, and to make and efteem thofe 
 two famous Monarchies, hot only as a fatal 
 Church-yard to bury and inter themfelves 
 in. 
 
 A mm 
 
 But Ilhifrrious and generous Sirs, is this all 
 the Malice and Treachery which Spain hath 
 offered towards England ? O no, nothing lefs; 
 for upon that Journey (which was as danger¬ 
 ous as Hidden) of our Prince into Spain (than 
 whom the World hath not a braver;) Hath 
 not the King of Spain dealt treacheroufly with 
 him about his Match with the Infanta his 
 Sifter? yea have they not in his Princely Per- 
 fon, violated the Laws of Hofpitality ? and 
 the Privilege of Princes (when being under his 
 own Roof) by attempting to tie him to forms, 
 which were diametrically oppofite to his Ho¬ 
 nour; yea to be fo audacioully Impudent, as 
 with much Violence and Virulence to feek to 
 put a Rape upon his Confcience and Religion, 
 in their profered Enforcement of his Conver- 
 ilon to Popery ; as if their Infanta had been 
 more precious to him than his Soul, or that 
 he had been lb wretchedly grounded and in- 
 ftrudled in Piety, that his Highnefs would 
 have forfaken his God, purpoiely to have 
 obeyed and adored the King of Spain, who 
 is not, nor cannot be a greater King than he 
 is a Prince? 
 
 And to ftep yet a Degree farther; was it 
 not a hellifti Policy, and a diabolical Defgn 
 
 and 
 
0 
 
 ( 11 ) 
 
 and Refolution of the Council of Spain , to 
 advife our Prince upon his return into Eng- 
 land, to war upon the Proteftants, and to proffer 
 him an Army to fuppreis and exterminate 
 them ? The Proteftants, I fay, who are thofe 
 by whom our King reigneth, and without whom 
 his Majefty can never fubfift nor reign; nor 
 his Highnefs fucceffively afpire, or hope to 
 afpire to his Crowns and Kingdoms after him, 
 fmce they are the Life, the Vigour, the 
 Heart, and the Soul thereof. And will our 
 King, and our Prince, our Parliaments, and 
 our Proteftants of England , then ever forget 
 this inveterate Rage, and infernal Malice of 
 Spain againil them ? as alio their imperious 
 and intuiting Carriage towards his Highnefs, 
 and towards Great Britain , as if they had 
 prized it at fo low a Rate, and made their 
 boundlefs Ambition fo exceffively over-value 
 their own Spain P that that were in the Crifis 
 ofherWeaknefs and Mifery, and this in the 
 prime and vertical Point of her Power and 
 dory ? and when his Highnefs preffed them 
 For the Reftitution of the ‘Palatinate , w r hich 
 they had often promifed the King his Father, 
 then they temporiz’d fo cunningly, and fub~ 
 tilliz’d fo treachoufiy with him, that every 
 Day brought forth new Delays and Difficul¬ 
 ties, tiil in the End they had made the Cure 
 tyorfe than the Difeafc, and having taken firm 
 Footing therein, were enforced to unvail and 
 unmask their Diffimulation, and faintly and 
 coldly to affirm, that they would treat with 
 the Emperor for the Reftitution thereof, but 
 
 -B z could 
 
( 12 ) 
 
 could not promifeit: Thus having abufed, 
 firft oar King the Father, and then our Prince 
 the Son, they have likewife betray'd and ruin¬ 
 ed our Princels the Daughter, in their final 
 Conqueft, and refolute Detention of the 
 Prince her Husband's ‘Palatinate , that Princefs 
 I fay, whole Royal and fubiime Virtues, make 
 her the Honour of her Sex, and Phantx 
 Princefs of the World. Whereunto adding 
 the abfolute Breach of the Match long fince 
 prophetically delacerated, and caft in Heaven 
 by the Princely and Royal Authors of this 
 Con Hi it at ion, and fince the fame Breach here 
 on Earth likewife fo happily confirmed by 
 the King, as alfo by the Prince: Soallthefe 
 Premifes confidered hath not England Reafon 
 to hate Spain , in Regard Spain hates it ? efpe- 
 eially hecaufe of thefe two mayne enfuing 
 Points, and important Confederations? 
 
 Firft, for that the King of Spvin is a 
 greater, and more profeffed Enemy to our 
 iacred King and his Royal Pofterity, than ei¬ 
 ther the Emperor or Duke of Bavaria , and is 
 lb to be held and efteem'd of us. 
 
 Secondly, therefore to denounce War to 
 him, and to make it good as foon as it is de¬ 
 nounced, is as honourable as neceffary, and as 
 juft as honourable for England • as upon Nevv- 
 Years-Day laft I made thefe two Points ap¬ 
 parent and manifeft to the King, in my Dii- 
 courfe intitled Votive Anglia , which I fent 
 his Majefty in Behalf aud Favour of the 
 Prince Palatine his Son-in*Law, for the 
 Reiteration of his Palatinate . 
 
 Having 
 
/ 
 
 ( *3 ) 
 
 Having thus (with as much Difdain as Grief) 
 feen his inveterate Malice towards Great Bri¬ 
 tain , towards our King and his Royal Pofferity, 
 and confequently the eminent Danger where- 
 inco our profound Security hath thrown, and 
 precipitated us in particular; and underftand- 
 ing like wile how the laid King of Spain with 
 Xerxes , threatens the Seas and Mountains of 
 Europe in general; being as well in Heart as 
 Tongue an Englishman , and therefore know¬ 
 ing by Grace, what I owe by Nature to my 
 natural Prince and Country (like Crejfus's 
 dumb Son) I would not, I could not be blent 
 thereat, but mult expofe this Confutation of 
 Vox Coeli to the Light and Sight of the 
 World : I mean to the Light of your Know¬ 
 ledge, and the Sight of your Confederation, 
 under the fecure Target, and lafe Shelter and 
 Sanctuary of your aufpicious Proteftion. 
 
 To you therefore Great Britains greateft 
 Palladines and Champions, to you the invin¬ 
 cible Bulwark of our King and his Royal Pro¬ 
 geny, and the inexpreflible Citadel and Aero - 
 corintb of our Eltate: To you I fay the Con¬ 
 fer ipt Fathers of our fupreameft Senate; doth 
 it in Duty prefent itfelf, and in Humility 
 proftrate itfelf; which when your firft Lei-* 
 fore hath curioufly read, and your beff Zeal 
 carefully and maturely conlidered : Then by 
 all that true English Blood which ftreameth 
 in your Heart and Veins, by all the Love 
 which your Country bears you, and by all 
 the Duty and A ft eft ion reciprocally you owe 
 to your Country; l both requeft and conjure 
 
 you, 
 
( J 4 ) 
 
 you, to tell our King that it is nothing for 
 his Majefty to have made a brave and gene¬ 
 rous Declaration of War againft Spain, ex¬ 
 cept he fpeedily fecond it with .Execution* 
 ■without which it will prove a vain Fantafma , 
 and an abortive Embrion: Tell him, that it 
 were the laft Adis of Auguftus , which em- 
 bel lifted his Reign, and that old ‘Pericles 
 made the greatnels of his Generolity and 
 Courage, to revive and flourilh on his Tomb, 
 when he caufed the Athenians to war upon 
 the PeloponeJJians : Tell him that Philopame- 
 mis affirmeth, that Peace is the Time to me¬ 
 ditate of War. Tell him that to tranfport 
 War into Spain , is to avoid and prevent it in 
 England, as Hannibal laid to King Ant mbits, 
 that the only Way to make War againft the 
 Romans , was to begin it in the Heart and 
 Bowels of Rome,\ and foto vanquifh Italy by 
 Italy. Tell him that Plutarch affirms, there 
 is no Action lb Royal or Magnificent in a 
 King, as to take Arms to affift and revenge 
 his Confederates unjuftly oppreffed and ruin¬ 
 ed, much more his own Royal Children, and 
 that if the Palatinate be too far, that Flan¬ 
 ders and Brabant , are but the Skirts and Su^ 
 burds of England. Tell him that Agefilatis 
 laid, that Words are feminine, and Deeds maf- 
 culine, and that it is a great Point of Honour, 
 Difcreticn, and Happinefs for a Prince, to give 
 the iirft Blow to his Enemies. Tell him that 
 Spainards hate us, why then fhould we love 
 them ? Tell him that if it go not well with 
 Holland\ it mull needs go ill with England ; 
 
 and 
 
( *5 ) 
 
 and that if vve do not prevent their Ruin, 
 that we cannot fecure our own Danger. Tell 
 him that in Matters of War, it is dangerous 
 to make a Stand, Shameful to retire, and glori¬ 
 ous to advance. Tell him that ‘Philip of 
 Spain is of Pyrrhus 's Mind, who laid, that 
 having devoured and conquered all Europe , he 
 would end his Days in Jollity and Pieafure in 
 Macedonia. And therefore that it is Time, 
 yea high Time to ftrike up our Drums againft 
 him, beeaufe as well our Safety, as our Ho¬ 
 nour envitcs us to it. 
 
 And now turning from his Majefly, to you 
 the iliuitrious and famous Body of this great 
 and famous Court of Parliament, (whereof 
 the King is the Head) to you, 1 fay, who are 
 the Cream and Flower of his Subjects: O 
 hold it no Difparagement that 1 tell you; that 
 fince in all Matters of Order, Policy, and 
 Reformation, that Delays and Protradions 
 prove (till dangerous, many Time fatal ; that 
 you beware leait as your Confutations fly 
 away with the Time; that Occafion and Op¬ 
 portunity fly not away with your Confuta¬ 
 tions, fince Time muft be taken by his Fore¬ 
 lock, and then as Julius Cue.far iaith, we have 
 Wind and Tide with us. 
 
 Think what a Happinefs, what a Glory it 
 is for England to have Wars with Spain , fince 
 Spain in the Lethargy of our Peace, hath ve¬ 
 ry near undermined our fafety, and fubverted 
 our Glory; and let us dilpel thofe Charms of 
 Security, wherein England hath been too long 
 lull'd and enchanted afleep : And if Fear and 
 
 Pufilani- 
 
(lO 
 
 Pefilanimity yet offer tofhut our Eyes agatnff 
 our Safety, yet let our Refolution and Courage 
 open diem to the Imminency of our Danger; 
 that our Glory may furmount our Shame, and 
 mir Swords cut thofe Tongues and Pens in 
 Pieces, which henceforth dare either to fpeak 
 of Peace, or write of Truce with Spam. 
 
 No, no ; to take the Length of Spam's Foot 
 aright, we mu ft do it with our Swords, not 
 with our Necks, for the firft will affuredly 
 cftablifli our Safety, and the fecond infallibly 
 ruins it. Wars, Wars, then ye (with chear- 
 Hearts and joyful! Souls) let us prepare our- 
 felves for War: That our Great Britain (the 
 Beauty of Europe , as Europe is the Glory of 
 the World) lie no longer expofed to the ap¬ 
 parent Danger, and mercilefs Mercy of this 
 Cafiilian Rat, of this Crocodile of Italy of 
 this Vulture of Germany , and of this Wolf 
 of Arden a ; but let us all fignaiize our Fideli¬ 
 ties to our Sovereign by our Courage, and im¬ 
 mortalize our Zeal to our Country by our Va¬ 
 lour and Refolution herein : That we may be 
 all of Alcibiades s Opinion, that the Bed of 
 Honour is the beft Death, that there is no bet¬ 
 ter Recompense of Death than Glory, nor no 
 richer Glory, than to die for our Prince and 
 Country. 
 
 £ R. K I. 
 
r ■ * 
 
 SIR, 
 
 rIE Concern you exprefs in con¬ 
 doling with me in my prefent Mis¬ 
 fortune, Hill adds to the many 
 Obligations I have already re¬ 
 ceived, and confirms me in the Sen¬ 
 timents I always entertained of your un¬ 
 bounded Generality. You defired, in your 
 laft, a particular Account of mine and the 
 Ship's Crew being carried Prifoners into this 
 Place, and under what Pretext the Spaniards 
 could condemn our Velfel, as we had no con¬ 
 traband Goods on Board; 1 ftiali in compli¬ 
 ance with this, your Requeft, give you a 
 Relation in what Manner they behave, and 
 what is the ufual Treatment, which the urn- 
 happy Englifomen meet with from thefe re¬ 
 vengeful and haughty Wretches, not only iti 
 the Gulph y but in all Parts of the IVeji 
 Indies . ^' 
 
 But I wouM firft recommend to you tile 
 following fliort remarks I have made of Com¬ 
 merce in general, and of each Nation’s Right 
 to it in particular. That as I think Spain 
 
 C hath 
 
( i8 ) 
 
 hath broke through by her late Behaviour not 
 only the moft folemn Treaties , but the Law 
 of Nations in General, of which every Poten¬ 
 tate on Earth, is in his Regal and Civil Ca¬ 
 pacity a Guarentee, and bound in Juft ice to 
 maintain for the Good of univerfal Society, 
 and the Safeguard and Benefit of his own 
 Subjefts, not only in a Regard as they Band 
 to the focial Tie of Nation and Nation, but 
 as a diftind Community with a particular 
 View to their own Intereft. 
 
 Commerce , by extending its Progrefs to the 
 remoteft Parts of the Earth, by bringing to¬ 
 gether, in a friendly and mutual Intercourfe, 
 People of the moft different Complexions, Ha¬ 
 bits and Cuftonis, and by rendering them be¬ 
 neficial to each other, naturally roufes up the 
 hidden Springs of Nature, with w hich the 
 Divine Being firft endued the Heart of Man, 
 and which inlpire him with a generous Fiiend- 
 ihip to all his Fellow-Creatures: Therefore 
 as Commerce gives Rife to this noble Ardour 
 of the Soul, it muft be the only Cement of 
 mortal Happinefs, and the Source of every 
 Virtue, in w r hich the Union and Harmony of 
 Mankind fubfift. 7 
 
 That feveral great Improvements have been 
 made in this Art or Science fince its firft Infti- 
 tution, is what every Body knows, and that 
 whoever improves in any valuable Knowledge, 
 or ftrives to enlarge any Science, with a View 
 to the general Good, has undoubtedly a right 
 to reap the Benefit thereof, as he has to de¬ 
 mand a Property in his ow T n Eftate, or Ef- 
 
( J 9 ) 
 
 fe$s, is what, I believe^ no one will difal¬ 
 low : this, therefore being not only the pri¬ 
 vate Opinion, but the general Voice of the 
 World, and as feveral States or Nations have 
 from Time to Time excelled in, and claim'd 
 a Title to various Arts and Sciences, it hath 
 ever been held proper to eftabliih them in a 
 quiet Poffeffion of the lame, and as feveral 
 Countries, more than others, have cultivated 
 the Branch of which I am now fpeaking; 
 they have by the general Confent of their 
 Neighbours been allow'd more Privileges and 
 Emoluments from the fame than others. 
 
 As there are various Defigns and Inven¬ 
 tions to propagate this Science, fo each that 
 has excelled in any of thefe hath like wife an 
 indisputable Right thereto, and as the Necef- 
 fity and Nature of the Cafe, will oblige the 
 Subjects of different States to pafs and repafs 
 through each others Dominions, it hath ever 
 been efteenPd legal for them peaceably fo to 
 do, (taking this by the way) that though 
 each hath parcelled and canton’d out their Di- 
 ftricts of the Land, yet all are Free "Denizens 
 of the High Seas or main Ocean. 
 
 And further, the Art of Navigation ha¬ 
 ving been found the moil ufeful, hath met 
 with the moil Immunities, and thofe Perfbns 
 who have applied themfelves moil diligently 
 thereto, have had Honours and Punctilio's of 
 Deference paid them by the Reft, as an 
 Acknowledgment of their fuperior Force, Art, 
 and Induftry: Of this the Britifj Flag was 
 once an inconteftable Proof that ilie was Mif- 
 
 G 2 trefs 
 
( 30 ) 
 
 trefs of the Ocean. By this her Stibjeds were 
 confirm'd in their Privileges and Free Traf- 
 fick, by the mod folemn Agreements that 
 could be made, having Liberty to carry their 
 own Merchandife to any Port, at the fame 
 time promifing not to invade the Property of 
 the contending Nations. 
 
 If therefore after thefe folemn Agreements 
 and Treaties, ratified and confirmed, and after 
 they have been fome Time in a&ual PolTef- 
 fion of the Advantages which have accrued 
 from thence; if therefore, I fay, rnaugre all the 
 firi&eft Ties, and in Opppfition to all Laws, 
 divine and human, a Monarch will direct his 
 Officers and Subjects, under the fpecious Pre¬ 
 tence of guarding his own Coajis , to commit 
 whatever Outrages they think proper upon a 
 Nation with whom they pretend to be in 
 Peace, and even on the High Seas \ when on 
 any Pretext, they fhall plunder their Ships, 
 and even take their Neceffaries as contraband 
 Goods, even carry their Ships into their own 
 Ports, condemn them to their own Ufe, and, 
 unheard, commit the Men to Prifon loaded 
 with Irons; in what View muft the reft of 
 Mankind look upon the Monarch, who if 
 he does not command, at leaft fereens or per¬ 
 mits his Subjefts to commit fuch Depreda¬ 
 tions ? If their Pretences are juft, and they 
 have received any real Injury, why do they 
 not make it publickly appear, and demand Re¬ 
 paration? For without War declared, AGs of 
 Hoftility are AGs of Piracy, and they ought 
 to be deem'd fo in the ftrongeft Light. —-- 
 ' . ' To 
 
 
( 21 ) 
 
 To pick a Man’s Pocket while you .{hake him 
 by the Hand, would in the meaneft Perfon 
 be accounted the vilell Action that could be ; 
 and as Degrees of Vice are render’d worfe by 
 fo much the higher Station the Perfon guilty 
 appears in, fo confequently an Injury, Pyra¬ 
 cy ^ or Robbery committed by the Hands of 
 publick Power muft be of more Prejudice 
 than a private one ; let any unbiafs’d Perfon, 
 then, (of any Nation whatever) determine 
 whether a Monarch who authorizes his De¬ 
 pendants to do as aforefaid, does not break 
 the Univerfal Chain of Peace, and violate 
 the ftricfceft focial Ties; and whether by his 
 Neighbours and Allies he Ihould not be 
 look'd upon as unworthy any League or Con¬ 
 trail of Friendihip whatever; he confidered 
 as an Enemy of Mankind, on whole Word 
 no one can rely, and on whole Faith or 
 Honour there is no Dependance. 
 
 The Algerines and Salle Rovers are look’d 
 upon by all Nations as Pyrates, who accord- 
 ingly go arm'd, and prepared to receive ’em. 
 The wild Arabs make no fcruple of robbing 
 the Caravan as it croffes the Defarts, but by 
 profeffing themfelves Enemies, and continually 
 repeating fuch Attempts, they are guarded 
 againil as fuch: But for a Chriilian Nation, 
 that pretends to be civilized and poliilied, 
 to rob and plunder the unwary, unguarded 
 Merchant, who is following lawful Traffic k, 
 and at a Time, as is declared, of profound 
 Peace^ is an A&ion that can admit of no Pal¬ 
 liation or Excufe. To bring this Matter near¬ 
 er 
 
( 22 ) 
 
 cr Home, —when Treaties of Commerce have 
 been made, the Terms amicably fettled be¬ 
 tween two Nations, (which is the Cafe of 
 England and Spain') when the Limits have 
 been fixed, and the Boundaries affign’d how 
 far each lliall carry its Trade into the others 
 Dominions, yet fhall they under any Colour 
 or Pretence, plunder our Ships, abufe our 
 Mariners, and even carry their Infults fo far 
 as to make Scoffs at, and even abufe the Go¬ 
 vernment itfelf ? What mean Opinion muft 
 the World have of a People that can bear 
 thefe Infults? and how contemptible muft 
 they look in the Eyes of every Foreigner. 
 
 —There have been Ages when the cut¬ 
 ting off an Englishman 9 s Ears, or even de¬ 
 taining his Ship, but for one Day, on Pre¬ 
 tences more plaufible than the Spaniards can 
 now make, would have been puniftfd with a 
 Vengeance due to fuch an Infolence, when 
 the Britijh Cannon .would have fpoke their 
 Minds, and made more effedtual Satisfaction, 
 than all the Persuasion any Man upon Earth 
 is Mafter of. 
 
 But the Spaniards feem to have cun¬ 
 ningly found our Blind-Side, and judging of 
 the Nation’s peaceable <r DifpoJition and great 
 good Nature in fuffering themfelves to be thus 
 treated, yet bearing all with Chriftian Meek- 
 nels, and concluding by fmall Things of the 
 Confeq uences of greater, have made Captures 
 of two or three to try our Spirits, and having 
 found them fo very tame and gentle, I don’t 
 doubt, but they imagine they have an equal 
 
 Right 
 
 <• 
 
( ) 
 
 Right to infultthe whole Nation ; and ’tis not 
 impoffible but their haughty Pride may one 
 Day prompt them to attempt a Conqueft of the 
 Kingdom, and lit out another formidable Ar¬ 
 mada > if they fhould, whether it will be at¬ 
 tended with the fame Succels on our Side., as 
 in that, Heaven only knows! 
 
 Barbarous and full of Deceit hath ever been 
 the Treatment we have met with from Spain 7 
 but this more cruel and lefs juftifiable than 
 any heretofore* England was never yet ufed 
 in this Manner, many and repeated have been 
 their Infults, but the me ft remarkable is that, 
 where they cut off the Captain’s Ears in De- 
 rifion, bade him carry them Home, and tell 
 his Mafter, if he was there, they’d ferve him 
 the fame. — Maiming in the Law is account¬ 
 ed a Crime as punilhable as Murder, thed 
 even from one Native to another, and fhall a 
 Foreigner commit fuch an Ad on an Eng¬ 
 lishman^ and no Vengeance required ? Others 
 have been hung with Weights at their Feet to 
 make them confels an illicit Trade., when they 
 were entirely free from any fuch Thing. ’Tis 
 alledg’d that the Spaniards may urge a hid¬ 
 den Fury. A very Chriftian Excufe indeed ! 
 The Time was when Satisfadion for a Pair of 
 EngliSh Ears would have been infilled on, and 
 the Villain, who perpetrated the Fad, would 
 have been deliver’d up to the juft Vengeance 
 he deferved: But, to the Praife of the Eng- 
 lijh Flag be it fpoken ! we could tamely pocket 
 fuch Affronts, and our braveft Admirals might 
 break their Hearts for flipping the moft fa¬ 
 vourable 
 
( 2 4 - ) 
 
 vourable Opportunity to chaltize the proud 
 and cunning Spaniard! 
 
 The Dangers of the Sea, occafion'd by 
 Storms and other Cafualties, are fufficient to de¬ 
 ter many from going to Sea. When Navigation 
 was in its Infancy, and nothing but little 
 Coaiting Veffels were invented, it was look'd 
 on as a* Sort of Madnefs and Prefumption to 
 tempt an Element not deiign’d for them by 
 Nature, and which could arife only from an 
 infatiable Thirft of Lucre; in this Manner 
 was Navigation treated not only by the moll 
 celebrated Roman Poets, but even by feveral 
 Hiftorians, nay even fo late as the Reign of 
 our Henry the 8 th; but fuch kind of Rea- 
 foning is now exploded, and a Man would 
 be laughed at as a ridiculous Enthufiaft, who 
 fhould talk of the JVickednefs of Navigation 
 and Merchandize in their Days^ or treat them 
 as an unnatural and prefumptuous Infillt up¬ 
 on Providence: The Sea, no doubt, was cre¬ 
 ated for our Ufe as well as the Earth , eipe- 
 cially for the Ufe and Defence of thofe who 
 live in Xflands, and are generally allowed to be 
 the hrft Mafters of the Sea ; and 'tis certain- 
 that our Forefathers diflinguiftfd themfelves 
 very early in the Art of Navigation, and 
 long fin.ce arriv'd at the higheft Pitch of 
 Maritime Power. 
 
 Rocks, Quickfands, and the Danger of 
 the Seas only, were what they had to en¬ 
 counter ; thefe Difficulties they furmounted, 
 but of; late Years we have not only them, 
 but the conftant Dread of Robbers and Plun¬ 
 derers 3 
 
( 25 ) 
 
 derers; how unhappy then muft he be, who, 
 after hiving by ti e Providence of Heaven 
 efeaped the Danger of the inconftant Waves, 
 and fees his honeii Induftry likely to be 
 crown'd with a happy Voyage, and to reap 
 the Harvdt of his juftly acquired Gains, how 
 muft he be difappointed, if in a Time of pro¬ 
 found Peace, and aim oft fecure in his Paflage, 
 he ftvall not be only ftopp’d on the high Seas, 
 robb’d and plunder'd of his acquir'd Subftance, 
 but even wounded, lafn'd like the greateft 
 Criminal, and lent naked and deftitute Home, 
 when (tho* Nature feems to prompt every 
 one to avenge himfelf for Injuries clone) he 
 muft fit down contented, .tho’ lepining at his 
 Lois, nor dare to call in Queftion the Barba- 
 lians that have treated him thus 
 
 The Spaniard* have certainly a further De¬ 
 fig n than we are aware of, that they behold 
 with Envy our thriving Colonies is certain, 
 they have for fome Time paft been very un- 
 eafy about them, but the fettling of the new 
 one of Georgia has quite exafperated them, 
 and as l imagine the whole Difpute will end 
 in this, I lhali a little confider the Nature of 
 fettling Colonies, and more particularly this 
 of Georgia , as it feems to me to be the whole 
 Tendency of the Spaniard, r, by their late Pro¬ 
 ceedings to get that into their Elands, and 
 fo they will have an after view of OLifting 
 us from all our Pofteffions in the IVeJt- 
 Indies . 
 
 That every Nation has free l iberty to take 
 PoiTeffion of an uninhabited Part of the*Wcrld, 
 
 D ©r 
 
j 
 
 (56) 
 
 or one "til! then unknown, and difeovered by 
 a Subject of chat Nation, is, what I believe 
 no one will difpute ; Nay, the Europeans car¬ 
 ry it {till further, and think they have an un¬ 
 doubted right to make themielves Mailers of 
 any Part of America they can obtain, driving 
 the poor Nati ves thence, or making them fub- 
 jed: to them, and provided the European Po¬ 
 tentates do not feize any Land in the Pofieffion 
 or Diftrict allotted to the others^ they are dif¬ 
 fer'd peaceably to enjoy their former Acquisi¬ 
 tions, or any new ones they can make from 
 the Natives. 
 
 ’T is by thefe Settlements or Plantations, 
 that they rid their own Kingdom from the 
 Burden of a Number of Artificers which may 
 be uieiels at Home, but there more neceifary 
 and ufeful both to themielves and others • his 
 by this that they extend their Commerce, and 
 by Traflick and frequent Converie, redeem 
 the ignorant Natives from their Stupidity, 
 and infpire them with the Notions of Truth 
 and Knowledge, ibften them from their Bar¬ 
 barity, and route them from a State fcarce fu- 
 perior to the Brutes to think and ad like focial 
 Creatures. 
 
 The Romans knew the Advantage of this 
 perfeftly well, they extended their vidorious 
 Arms over almoft all the prefent known 
 W orld, and wherever they came, conquer'd 
 but to free them from Slavery to their Vices 
 and Paffions, and f ibdued Barbarians but to 
 folifh them; by this their Fame grew uni- 
 verial, was of Benefit to their Colonies, and 
 
 of 
 
of the greateft and trueft Honour to them- 
 felves. 
 
 Since their Decline, their Conquefts have 
 been divided among tcveral Nations, who in 
 Imitation of them have fp read therrh elves into 
 the remoteft Parts of the Earth, and to Places 
 they never knew. 
 
 Among the Europeans , the chief Nations 
 that have fettled the moft Colonies are the 
 Engliihy ‘Dutch , and Spaniards , their Ships 
 have travers'd the Globe, and been through 
 all Degrees and Climates, by which their 
 Power is extended to the utmoft .Verge of 
 the Earth, and of thefe our own Nation has 
 ever been efteem’d the nloft adventurous and 
 moft fuccefsful Sailors, fo that our Monarch 
 may properly be ftiled King of both Sea and 
 Land. 
 
 If the Settling of Colonies abroad is ad* 
 vantagious to a Nation, her Intereft, as well 
 as her Glory j is highly concern'd in the De¬ 
 fence of them. When Georgia began to be let- 
 tied we were told, and I believe very truly, 
 what vaft Benefit would accrue to Great 
 Britain from fuch a Settlement, particularly 
 in the article of faying 500,000 L Ster¬ 
 ling a Year, which was then paid to ‘Pi¬ 
 edmont for Raw Silk: This alone was an 
 Objeft, had there been no other to encou¬ 
 rage 11s, fo well worth our Attention, that 
 the whole Nation unanimoufly gave into the 
 Project of eftablifhing Colonies in Georgia , 
 and our Minifters defervedly gained a great 
 deal of Honour by the hearty warmth, with 
 
 D 2 fvhicU 
 
I 
 
 ( 
 
 Which they efpoufed and recommened it to 
 the Confideration of Parliament; the Legifla- 
 ture had the fame Ooinion of it with the Mi- 
 nifters and the People, our Reprefentatives 
 aded like true Patriots in the Cafe.,and we now 
 fee that Country in a moft thriving Condition, 
 by a parliamentary Sand ion and Aid, by a 
 Contribution of Gentlemen, whole laudable 
 Generofity upon that Occafion will eternize 
 their Names in our Annals, add by the Con- 
 dud of a Gentleman whole Judgment, Cou¬ 
 rage and indefatigable Diligence in the Service 
 of his Country, have fhewn him eveiy way 
 equal to fo great and glorious an Under¬ 
 taking ; for this Reafon this Man is now be¬ 
 come the Butt of the Refentments of Spain , 
 bccaufe he has fe.rved his Country like a brave, 
 vigilant, and faithful Englishman , at the Ex¬ 
 pence of his Repofe, and to the manifeft Peril 
 of his Life. 
 
 The Spanifh Court has the Modefty to de¬ 
 mand from England, that he fhall not be 
 any longer employed, but I hope the Mini- 
 ilers of ‘Philip the Vth. don't think that we 
 have a James the Firjl on the Throne, or a 
 Gondamor now at Court, fo that we have no 
 Reafon to fear that he will fall a Victim to 
 Malice and Ambition, like his PredecdTor the 
 great Sir Walter Raleigh . 
 
 If ever any Settlement has been univerfal- 
 ]y applauded by Great Britain , that of 
 Georgia has been fo; the Uneafinefs it gave 
 our old Friends the French , firft gave me a 
 juft Idea of its Value; They laid the 
 
 Spaniards 
 
( 2 9 ) 
 
 Spaniards neither would nor could fuffer it to 
 go on; and from whit 1 then both heard and 
 law, i am perfuaded that the late Demand of 
 the Catholick Court, concerning Georgia, took 
 its Rife fomewhere elfe as. well as at Madrid \ 
 whatever intereft the Spaniards may pretend, 
 ’tis France that has the greatelt Intereft in 
 the Deitru* i >n of that Colony: the Indians 
 that are our Friends are not only fo, but Ene¬ 
 mies to the French and their Indians ; Ihould 
 we then abandon them, Inch an Impolitick 
 as well as ungenerous and fnameful Step in us, 
 might in Time be attended with fatal Con- 
 fequences, not only to the reft of our Colonies 
 on the Continent o $ America, but to all future 
 Undertakings of the like Nature, how advan¬ 
 tages foever they may feem. Our other In¬ 
 dians may probably fall from us by Degrees, 
 
 . as a People upon whofe Faith, Honour, or 
 Friendlhip they could not depend j and Ihould 
 they do fo, I believe England would foon find 
 the Effects of it. 
 
 How far we are then obliged, by Honour and 
 Intereft to protect our Settlements in Georgia , 
 and even to increafe them, is already fo ob¬ 
 vious to every Briton , that 1 think it is need- 
 lefs to fay any more on that Head. 
 
 It feerris the Spaniards claim that Country, 
 by the feventh Artide made between us and 
 them in the Year 1670, though upon exa¬ 
 mining that x^rticle, every Tittle of it makes 
 directly againft them, except they can prove 
 that they were then in actual Pofleffion of 
 Georgia , and fliould they even prove fo much 
 
 as 
 
( 3 ° ) 
 
 as that, they have broken every other Ar¬ 
 ticle of that very Treaty upon which they 
 ground their Claim, andjuftify their infolent 
 Demand upon us. What 1 fay will appear 
 even to Demonftrationj by comparing the 
 Murders, Devaluations, Plunders, and Rob¬ 
 beries, committed by the Spanish Guar da 
 Co (las on the Subjects and Ships of Great 
 Britain j with the 4th, 10th, and nth Ar¬ 
 ticles of the Treaty upon which they lay fo 
 much Strefs, and which they fay itill exiits 
 by Virtue of the Treaty of ^Utrecht. A very 
 merry, and a very impudent Way of pro¬ 
 ceeding i ideed ! to claim the Benefit of one 
 Jingle Article of a Treaty, and with the ut- 
 moft Infolence and Barbarity to break All 
 the reft * this is Spanijh Logic with a Wit- 
 nefs. 
 
 But why is this extraordinary Claim trumfft 
 • up at this Time of Day ? Why was it not 
 made when we were beginning our Settlement 
 in Georgia ? I believe there is hardly a Man in 
 England of common Underftanding but what 
 can anfwer tjiefe Queftions : Our Settlement 
 4 in that Country was begun at a Time when 
 both France and Spain look'd upon it too de¬ 
 licate a Point to provoke us, they had other 
 Regions firft to hook in ;■ our Friendship was 
 therefore to be courted then, and this Demand 
 kept in Bet to by Way of grateful Return for 
 it I 
 
 What can we impute this Demand to? Pure¬ 
 ly the Queen of Spain does not think we are 
 ■ to be hector’d into making more Infant Kings.? 
 \ , But 
 
( 3 1 ) 
 
 But let SpainWicws be what they will, I dare 
 venture to fay, that our Minifters will as loon 
 confentto part with their Eyes, as to part with 
 Georgia ; they were very well fatisficd with 
 our Right to that Province, before they began 
 the Settlement of it, and they now experi¬ 
 mentally know how much the Nation has it 
 at Heart: they may therefore very reafonably 
 exped the Concurrence of the Nation in de¬ 
 fending it. 
 
 To what a Height is the Infolence of this 
 haughty Court rifen? that after a Demand the 
 molt flagrant in its Kind, after having hewed our 
 Men with Cutlafles, cropp'd their Ears, hung 
 Weights at their Feet, and feveral other 
 Actions cf the moft enormous Cruelty, they 
 if ill continue their Naval Armament, without 
 declaring War, nay and threaten us with their 
 intended Invaiion. 
 
 Peace is doubtiefs an ineftiraable B 1 effing, 
 In Times of Security * the Merchant extends 
 his Traffick, and Trade is certainly our Sum- 
 mum Bonum ; but are the Spaniards in Ame¬ 
 rica at Peace with us ? can our Merchants who 
 only defire the free Enjoyment of their own 
 Property and lawful' Commerce, be faid at 
 prefent to extend their Traffick in a Time 
 of Security, line no body can fay they 
 do; if therefore the Spaniards are allow¬ 
 ed to go on with impunity j and Eng¬ 
 lishmen even excule them in their Crimes 
 
 ■-the Facilis defcenfus aver Hi, &c. is 
 
 very applicable. It is aneafy Matter for 
 a Nation to lofe or giye up it’s Rights and 
 
 Sovereignty, 
 
( 3 2 ) 
 
 Sovereignty, but to recover them is the La¬ 
 bour and the Difficulty. 
 
 Their Guar da Co ft as have ruined many a 
 worthy Merchant,and many able Mariners are 
 now in a vvori'e than Turktjh Slavery under 
 theim, even the Ships they have taken from us 
 they make Ute of to go a Privateering againft 
 others ; this I believe, is not only owing to 
 the natural Innate Hatred they bear us, but 
 I am afraid has been the Confequence of the 
 Advice and Intrigues of fome of our Neigh¬ 
 bours j it calls loudly for Satisfaction, the Ho¬ 
 nours of G\eat Britain , as well as the Re¬ 
 paration due to our Merchants, is now highly 
 concerned in our Conduct: Our Courage I be¬ 
 lieve is itill as great? and our Swords as fharp 
 (if we were fuffer’d to make Ufe of them) as 
 they Were in the late War; and as the Go¬ 
 vernment feems lenfibly touch'd with our 
 Sufferings, and willing to procure us the Sa¬ 
 tisfaction we demand of the Spaniards , either 
 by fair Means or Force, I hope we fliall 
 foon receive it and be fecured from any fur¬ 
 ther Depredations. 
 
 if Spain confiders the antient Maxims of 
 her Court Peace with England and War 
 with all the World be fide, flic will bring this 
 Affair to a fpeedy and amicable End without 
 Biood-ihed or Expence on either Side, which 
 can fcarce be honourably or lately avoided by 
 us if we meet with any further Delays or other 
 Excufes, but even we ourfelves ought rather 
 to wilh for a friendly Conclufion of it., when 
 we caniider the Importance of the Spanifb 
 
 Trade, 
 
C 33 ) 
 
 Trade, and refled that once fire was an Ally? 
 though never a ftaunch One, yet much better 
 than ihe has been fince a Prince of the Houfe 
 of Bourbon became poffefled of her Throne, 
 and her Court under the Influence of France . 
 This is the Gordian Knot which either Satif- 
 fadion and Security for our Merchants muft 
 immediately untie, or our Swords muft cut 
 afunder, if we have any Regard to our 
 Pofterity. 
 
 Thefe Complaints indeed have been of long 
 ftanding, and we have had Warning enough 
 tvhat to exped from them, if fome proper 
 Methods were not taken to curb them in their 
 Violence ; but inftead of receiving any Re¬ 
 paration, nay we have even been perfidioufly 
 treated by fome of our own Countrymen , as 
 a lawlefs band of Robbers and Pyrates ; whilft 
 the Spaniards have been fuffered, I know 
 not how, to go on with Impunity, and pro¬ 
 ceed to fuch Enormities at laft, that it hath 
 raifed a general Alarm not only amongft the 
 immediate Sufferers , but all the Mercantile 
 part of the Kingdom, and even thofe who have 
 fo long endeavoured to depreciate their Loffes 
 and Sufferings, are obliged to own, that fome - 
 thing ought to be done . 
 
 And if any one will put his Head into the 
 City,- or enquire into the prefent Rate of In- 
 Jurance upon Ships bound from any Part of 
 the TVef-Indies , will find they have too much 
 Reafon fdr their Complaints, and very far 
 from wanting any other Inftlgation ; and if 
 fome Stop be not immediately put to thefe 
 
 B '> Depreda-t 
 
( 34 ) 
 
 Depredations and Ravages, we may as well 
 give up our Plantation Trade, and Right of 
 Navigation in thofe Seas. 
 
 Upon thefe repeated Infults, the Merchants 
 have prefented an humble Petition to his Ma- 
 jefty for Red refs, which in a few Words fets 
 forth the State of the Cafe, and for which 
 Reafon, I fhall infert it V?rbaiim. 
 
 To the King's mo ft excellent Majefiy. 
 The humble Petition of the Merchants, &£• 
 
 Shewethj 
 
 HTH A T the fair and lawful Trade of your 
 ** Majefiy's Subjects to the Britifh Plant a- 
 , tions in America, hath been greatly interrupt¬ 
 ed for many Years pafi^ not only by their 
 Ships having been frequently flopp'd and 
 fe arch'd, but alfo forcibly and arbitrarily 
 feized on the High Seas by Spanifh Ships fit¬ 
 ted out to Cruize under the plaufible Pre- 
 tence of guarding their own Coafis ; that the 
 Commanders thereof with their Crews have 
 been inhumanly treated , and their Ships car¬ 
 ried into fome of the Spanifh Ports , and there 
 condemned with their Cargoes ^ in manifefi 
 Violation of the Treaties fubfifiing between 
 the two Crowns. 
 
 That notwithfianding the many Infiances 
 made by your Majefly's Minifiers at the Court 
 of Madrid, againfi this injurious Treatment , 
 the late and repeated Infults of the Spaniards, 
 ' ~ upon 
 
( 35 ) 
 
 upon the Ter fans and Properties of jour Ma" 
 jeftf s Subjects, lay your Petitioners under 
 the Necejfity of applying again to your Ma - 
 jefty for Relief \ 
 
 That by thefe violent and unjuft Proceed¬ 
 ings of the Spaniards, the Trade to your Ma¬ 
 jefty s Plantations in America is rendered 
 very precarious , and if any Nation be fuf 
 fered thus to inf alt the Perfons of your Ma - 
 jefty 0 s Subjects, and plunder them of their 
 Property, your Petitioners apprehend, it will 
 be attended with fuch an ObftruCtion of that 
 valuable Branch of Commerce , as will be very 
 fatal to the Inter eft of Great Britain. 
 
 Tour Petitioners therefore humbly pray , 
 that your Majefty will be gracioufty pleafed 
 to procure Jpeedy and ample Satisfaction to 
 your Subjects for the Loffes they have fuf 
 tained; that no Britifh Veffel be detained 
 or fearched on the High Seas by any Naions , 
 under any Pretence whatfoever ; and that 
 the Trade to America be rendered fare for 
 the Future, by fuch Means as your Majefty 
 in your great Wifdom (hall think fit . 
 
 And your Petitioners, &c. 
 
 Upon this Petition they gave in authentic!: 
 Vouchers of the Loffes they had fuftain'd, 
 and his Majefty was pleased to receive them 
 very gracioufty, and appointed a Committee 
 of his Cabinet Council, to hear the particu¬ 
 lar Matters of their Complaint, and we hope 
 
 E z ther 
 
< 
 
 ( m 
 
 |here is no doubt of their receiving ample 
 Satisfaction and Security, 
 
 I would be far from having the Prefumption 
 to point out a Method, or to prefcribe any 
 Way by which they might have Redrefs; 
 but I can’t help thinking, that if Leave 
 were to be given, we have ftill among us, 
 Gentlemen, who have Generofity, and pub- 
 lick Spirit enough to furnifh forth Things ne- 
 ceffary, without any Expence to the Govern* 
 nient; and I believe we have Sailors, who are 
 both able and willing to beat them into good 
 Manners-, which was always the bell: Method 
 to deal with Sain . 
 
 The Spaniards have taken upon them to 
 be Judges of their own Caufe, and even con¬ 
 demn, unheard: but to examine into that Mat¬ 
 ter a little, we will confider it in the following 
 Manner. 
 
 The Treaty of i 66 j not only eftabliflies a 
 free Trade between Great Britain and Spain , 
 in all Places where it was at any Time ah 
 low’d, but likewife fHpulates that in cafe of 
 any Injury, on either Side, Letters of Repri- 
 fai fhall not be granted, until Juftice hath 
 been demanded in the ordinary Courfe of 
 Law ; but if Satisfaction be not niade within 
 fix Months after it is demanded, then the 
 Party injured is to be allow'd Letters of Re- 
 prifal. This Article makes direCtly againft 
 them, even if our Merchants had been guilty, 
 (which I am far from faying they have) but 
 even in that Cafe, as they complain of our 
 carrying on an illicit and contraband Trade, 
 
 fhould 
 
( 37.) 
 
 ihould they not firft have complained ? Our 
 Merchants have complained of their unjuft 
 Captures Time after Time, and are they not 
 by that intitled to Letters ofReprifal, even 
 according to the ftri&eft Tenor of this 
 Treaty ? 
 
 It is further declared in the fame Treaty, that 
 no Britijh Ships or other Veffels fhall be vifit- 
 ed or molefted in the King of Spam’s Domi¬ 
 nions by the Judges of Contraband Goods, or 
 any other Perfons^ except two or three Cut- 
 tom-houfe Officers, until the faid Ships or 
 Veffels are unladen, but fhall only be oblig'd 
 to Ihew their Pafsports or Sea Letters ; and 
 if any prohibited Goods fhould be detcded, 
 the faid Goods only are to be forfeited, and 
 not the other Goods; neither is the Party 
 offending to incur any other Punifhment, un- 
 lefis he carried out of Great Britain the 
 proper Coin , JVool , or fuller s Earth ; or 
 from the Spanijh Dominions any Gold or 
 Silver . 
 
 This Treaty is confirm’d by the American 
 Treaty in the Year 1670, with feveral confl- 
 derable Improvements; particularly the Arti¬ 
 cle which acknowledges our Right to all 
 Places in the fVeft-Indie r, or in any Part of 
 America , which were then in our Poffeflion ; 
 and in both thole Treaties the Nature of 
 contraband Goods is particularly explain'd, 
 viz. all Sorts of Ammunition and Warlike 
 Stores, bound to an Enemy's Port, as well 
 as Gold, Silver, Fuller's Earth and Wool, 
 (as before-mentioned) but I don't meet with 
 
 one 
 
( 38 ) 
 
 one Word about Logwood ,, which grows in 
 Jamaica , as well as in feveral other Parts of 
 the Weft-Indies , not belonging to the Crown 
 of Spaing and though Gold and Silver both 
 wrought and unwrought, are fpecihcally ex¬ 
 cepted in the Treaties before-mentioned, they 
 were afterwards allowed by the /jJftento Con- 
 trait ; lb that if the South Sea Company 
 bring any of thele Goods to Jamaica , or 
 any of our other Colonies, and our Mer¬ 
 chant Men can prove they came laden from 
 thence with proper Pafsports and Sea Let¬ 
 ters, as I am in formM moft of them can, the 
 Spaniards have not the leaffc Pretence for 
 making Prize of them : nay further, to (hew 
 their Cruelty in this very Circumftance, it 
 is not long fince by an accidental Fire, ‘Pana¬ 
 ma , a Settlement of theirs, was burnt to the 
 Ground; the People were in the utmoft Di- 
 -ftrefs, and fent to one of our Plantations, 
 which was neared to them, to be relieved ; 
 the Englifb Governor, tho* he might have 
 refus’d juftly, according to the Ufage we 
 have met with from them, yet very gene- 
 roufly fent them Provifions and other Necef- 
 faries in Exchange for their Commodities, 
 which Goods he could not let lie dead there, 
 and accordingly (hipp'd them for England: 
 the Spaniards , in grateful Return, condemn’d 
 the Ships and Cargoes that had any of thofe 
 Goods on board, and carried the Men into 
 Slavery ; one of which particularly was Cap¬ 
 tain W \of the Loyal Charles. Upon which 
 the Merchants in feveral of our Plantations 
 
 Abroad 
 
( 39 ) 
 
 Abroad have petitioned their Governors for 
 Redrefs, tho" I don’t yet find that they have 
 had any. On the contrary, fome even of our 
 own Nation feem to juftify them in their 
 Proceedings; they alledge that it is right to 
 take care of the South Sea Company, as well 
 as of the IVeft-India : To which I anfwer, that 
 even there Spain , what a Delay has fhe made, 
 and how many trifling Difficulties has fhe Part¬ 
 ed to drive off, as long as fhe can, the Sche¬ 
 dule for the Annual Ship • in which fhe has 
 given us a Specimen how far fhe may be re¬ 
 lied upon ? It is further urged, that before 
 we take a military Satisfa&ion, we fhould be 
 able to juftify it to the World, and fhew the 
 indifpenfible Neceffity of it. If the Wrongs 
 we have already received, will not juftify 
 fuch Proceedings, I think no one can blame 
 the Spaniard for purfuing them till they will 
 juftify it, and further would ask, whether in 
 the Reign of the immortal Queen Elizabeth , 
 Spain was not chaftized for lefs Infults than 
 thefe, upon the firft Complaint of her Sub¬ 
 jects ; her Heart fhared in their Grievances; 
 laer Arms were ready to relieve them, and her 
 Fleets failed immediately to avenge the Injuf- 
 tice done them ; Her Admirals were not fiuf- 
 fer’d to lie ftill with their Hands tied, nor lent 
 out at a vaft Expence to combat Worms and 
 Fluxes, and let the Enemy unpimiftfd dare 
 them to their very Teeth. The following Que- 
 ries have been elfewhere ask’d, among leveral 
 others, and I think very proper to be repeat¬ 
 ed here. 
 
 Was 
 
( 4 ° ) 
 
 Was ever any Officer punifii’d in her Reigfr 
 for vindicating the Honour of the Epglifh 
 Flag ? 
 
 Were any of her Enxbafladors or Envoys 
 reprimanded, for infilling too ftrenuoufly on 
 the Rights of their Countrymen at a Foreign 
 Court? 
 
 Were any of her Dominions ever attack'd 
 in Time of Peace without a proper Refent- 
 ment ? 
 
 Was there ever any English Ship plunder'd, 
 or any Englijhman’s Ears cut off and fent to 
 her in Derifion, without due Vengeance 
 taken ? 
 
 Did file ever fend out a powerful Fleet at 
 a vaft publick Expence to per/wade her Ene¬ 
 mies to do her Juftice ? 
 
 To which I would add the following one. 
 
 Would ‘Drake or Frobijher , or Raleigh , 
 have fuffer’d them to go on fo long with Im¬ 
 punity, or only try to make 'em civil by 
 giving them good Words ? 
 
 Our very good Neighbours the French 
 feem to outgo us in every Thing ; they have 
 done themfelves Juftice on a Nation from 
 whom they had received far lefs Outrages, 
 than we have from the Spaniards , and this 
 fo recent, that methinks it ihould be an Ex¬ 
 ample to us, and ferve to roufe us from cur 
 Lethargy. 
 
 The Inhabitants of Mocha had made the 
 French pay higher Duties than they were 
 formerly wont to do; "forne of their Mer¬ 
 chants refufed it, upon which the Arabs de¬ 
 tained 
 
 / 
 
( 41 ) 
 
 tained them ; the French did not according to 
 the modern Fashion fend a formal Etnbafly to 
 try to Perswade them into Reafon by Dint 
 of Argument; No, they thought their Can¬ 
 non and Mortars would fpeak much better, 
 and accordingly lent a Fleet of Ships which 
 bombarded the Place, and foon convinc’d them 
 they were in the Wrong. 
 
 Nay even the "Dutch (if Report be true) 
 have rous’d themfelves before us, and are re- 
 folved to wait no longer the repeated Delays 
 of the Spanish Court to do them Juftice; but 
 have funk fome of their piratical Guarda 
 Coflas . England did not ufe to be behind the 
 Dutch in doing her Subjeds ample Juftice, 
 nor I hope will not now. 
 
 If we confider rightly, the Spaniards have 
 ow’d us a Grudge for above this Century ; 
 they can fcarce keep within Bounds, but will 
 every now and then launch out, for which 
 they have frequently been chaftiz’d by us, 
 and almoft always came off with the Lofs. 
 In Queen Elizabeth's Time, what a Thom 
 we were in their Sides, every body knows. 
 What an immenfe Treafure did they lofe by 
 their Armada ? In force we have even been 
 their Superiors ; and all the Mifehief they 
 ever did us, Was by undermining our Coun¬ 
 cils by their Politick Embaffies at our own 
 home, and cajoling our Statcfmen, unadvi- 
 fedly to give up the Nation’s Privileges. 
 
 To prove this, all the Advantages we ob¬ 
 tain’d over them in Queen Elizabeth’s 
 Reign ^ were yielded up by the Weaknefs of 
 
 L \ ; . ' F • ' a 
 
( 4 * ) ■' 
 
 a Cecil to the Cunning of a Gundamor in the, 
 pacifick Reign of King James I. Nay, fo 
 ftrong was his Artifice, and his Refentment 
 for the Terror caus’d in his Country by the 
 brave, but unfortunate, Sir IValter Raleigh , 
 that thro’ Gundamor $> Intrigue, and the Foi¬ 
 ble (not to give it a worle Name) o‘f that 
 
 great Statefmanbefore-mention’d,this undaunt¬ 
 ed j 
 
 ed Hero, who had given fo many Shocks to 
 Spain, and done fuch Service to his Coun¬ 
 try, fell a Vidirn to the Pride of Spain, 
 and the indelible Folly of England. 
 
 Nor can they (tho’ in Reace with us now) 
 forget the rough Treatment they met with 
 in the lafl War • the taking of Vigo± and 
 burning the Galleons , Rill Ricks in their flo- 
 niachs. The Affair of MeJJlna is Rill recent 
 in their Memory, and I am afraid they can’t 
 yet help looking with an envious Eye at our 
 Mediterranean Fortreffes. But what above 
 all has irritated them, was our lending a Fleet 
 fo opportunely to the Tagus . They know 
 they are an unequal Match in cafe of an 
 open Rupture; and therefore only flab us 
 flily, as it were, in the dark. 
 
 They have gone on lb long, that they may 
 well imagine we never intend to reflrain 
 them ; but (as I am inform’d) Ibme Men of 
 War are order'd to proted our Trade in the 
 Indies ; if their Conimiffions are full, I don’t 
 doubt but that every English Sailor would be 
 glad of the Voyage; but if they are only to 
 pay them a civil Vifit, and ask them how they 
 do ? Lordj have Mercy upon us ! 
 
 We 
 
; ( 43 ) 
 
 We have Admirals fit to be employ'd. 
 Men of undaunted Refolution, and found 
 Condud, and when their Country’s Wrongs 
 call them, as now, 1 queftion not but they 
 would willingly fpill their deareft Blood to 
 do it Juftice. We have Sailors, reckon'd the 
 mo ft expert in the World, who are now forc’d 
 to wander from Country to Country for a 
 bare Subfiftance in Foreign Services, who 
 would be glad to oppofe any Enemy for the 
 Good of their native Country, fome of them 
 are even now fighting in the Czarina *s Service, 
 and are the very Flower of her Fleet: Our 
 Ships were never in a better Condition, which 
 I cannot better exprefs than by a little Epi¬ 
 gram I lately met with. 
 
 English Oak, or the Spaniard's Scourge. 
 
 From a fmall Acorn fee the Oak arife 
 Supre?nely tall , and tow ring in the Skies ! 
 
 Queen of the Groves her flately Head Jhe rears , 
 Her Bulk increafing with the length of Tears *, 
 
 Now ploughs the Seas a warlike gallant Ship, 
 
 While in her Womb defiruWive Thunders Jleep . 
 Hence Britain bo aft s her wide extenfive Reign , 
 And. by tti* expanded Acorn rules the Main. 
 
 And that Succefs may crown their Endea¬ 
 vours, that the Merchants may be relieved to 
 their Satisfaftion, thofe Pyrates prevented 
 from thus infulting our Sailors, and the Glory 
 and Honour of the Britijb Nation , and Flag 
 vindicated, as it mu ft be the fincere Wifti of 
 every honejl Briton , fo likewife is it of, 
 
 Sir , 
 
 Tours &c. 
 
( 44 ) 
 
 A 
 
 DIALOGUE 
 
 Between 
 
 King Henry 8. King Edward 6. Prince 
 Henry, Queen Mary, Queen Eliza¬ 
 beth, and Queen Anne. 
 
 H. S. 1-10 W doth Spain and the Ne- 
 ** • therl^nds agree ? 
 
 E. 6. Spain hath fo long inured and en¬ 
 forced the Hollanders to Blood and Wars* 
 as now at Sea and Land,, they are become 
 fuch brave Soldiers and Mariners, as they 
 fear not Spain, and to love Spaniards they 
 vow tis impoffible, much lefs to obey them," 
 M. It is pity that King Philip the fe- 
 cond ended Hot the chaftifing and conqueft* 
 of thefe heretick Hollanders, e'er King Philip 
 the Third began it, or that he cannot reduce 
 them to obedience, by ending thefe Wars 
 with more fortunacy, and lefs danger and 
 damage. 
 
 Q E. Nay, Sifter, it is pity that thefe two 
 Kings of Spain, and the Archduke Albertus 
 
 and 
 
( 45 ) 
 
 and Ifabella, have from Time to Time been 
 fo ambitious, inhuman, cruel and revengeful, 
 to drown the Face of the Netherlands with 
 many Deluges of Blood, in feeking to pre- 
 ferve their Liberty, Lives and Confciences 
 from the cruel Tyranny and Inquilition of 
 Spain. 
 
 P, H. Indeed for this forty Years the Ne¬ 
 therlands hath been the School and Threatre 
 of Mars , whereon there hath been more brave 
 Soldiers and renowned Captains flain, than in 
 any Country of the World, or in many pre¬ 
 cedent Ages; and yet all this Blood is not 
 capable to quench Spain’s Ambition and Ty- 
 janny, in feeking to devour thofe Provinces. 
 
 A. Hath not Spain affaulted the Nether¬ 
 lands as well by Treachery as Hoftility ? 
 
 QJE. Yes, witnefs the damnable Villain 
 Gerrard, who long fince murthered William 
 the famous Prince of Orange, their Lieute¬ 
 nant General, and Father to Maurice, that 
 valiant and incomparable Captain, who now 
 fucceeds him in his Principality. 
 
 Q^M. O Sifter, caft not fo bale an Afper- 
 fion on King Philip my Husband, to affirm 
 he was acceflary to the Murther of William 
 Prince of Orange, much lefs authorifcd or 
 commanded it. 
 
 P.H. All the Ocean between Holland and 
 Spain cannot wafh off that Murder from your 
 Husband King Philip, for his Profcription to 
 murder him bears it, and his Lieutenant the 
 Duke of c Parma commanded the Count Aflo- 
 nuiUe to deal with Gerrard about this Murder, 
 
 who 
 
( 4 6 ) 
 
 who promifed him twenty-five thoufand 
 Crowns to effect it, which, O Grief to fpeak 
 it, he did. 
 
 E. 6. But his valiant Son hath long fince 
 had Revenge for the Death of his Father. 
 
 Q^A. If he have not, he refolves to have 
 
 it. 
 
 H. 8. But hath not Spain fince attempted, 
 or broached any other Treafon towards the 
 Hollanders ? 
 
 P.H. Oyes, very lately, for whilft Spain 
 is Spain, Holland will never forget how near 
 he was to have extinguiihed her Liberty, 
 and furprifed their State by infe&ing and 
 corrupting their Secretary Barnevelt, a Man 
 of fo profound Wit, and deep Judgment and 
 Experience in Matters of State, as he was 
 not only the Oracle of the Netherlands, but 
 the Ornament and Wonder of Europe, yea of 
 his Time. 
 
 QJE. See, fee the Fruits of Spain’s Gold, 
 and the Effedts of his boundlefs Ambition, 
 for it is a common Cuftom with him, if not 
 by the main, yet furely by the bye, to break 
 the Neck of great Princes, and free Eftates, 
 publick Minifters, whether they are great 
 Soldiers or great Statefmen, or both. 
 
 Off A. Yea, the Web of this Treafon was 
 fo cunningly woven, and lbfiubtilly and finely 
 tpun, as if the Netherlands had not broken 
 Barrievelt's Neck, he long e'er this had af- 
 furedly broken the Neck both of their Li- 
 berry and State, 
 
 . Q. M. Wdi, 
 
( 47 ) 
 
 Q^M. Well, Barnevelt is gone, and now 
 Spain needs not fear his Policy. 
 
 P. H. Nay, Barnevelt being dead, and 
 Maurice, that famous Prince of Orange, living, 
 Holland need not fear either the Treachery, 
 or Force of Spain. 
 
 H. 8. But Nephew, I hear that the United 
 Provinces of the Low-Countries will this 
 Spring have Wars with Spain, for their Peace 
 is near expired and ended. 
 
 P. H. A brave, noble, and wife Refolution 
 of theirs. 
 
 E. 6. Heretofore England taught the Hol¬ 
 landers Wit and Valour, and now they re- 
 folve to {hew England the Way to thofe two 
 Virtues. 
 
 Q^M. But the Gold and Silver of Spain 
 will prevail againft them, and weigh them 
 down. ' 
 
 P. H. But the Hollanders had Ships enough 
 of their own, and Gold, Silver and Men from 
 England, therefore they difdain to fear Spain, 
 nay, rather they vow before the next Sum¬ 
 mer to make Spain fear them. 
 
 H. 8. See, fee a handful of Men dare at¬ 
 tempt that againft Spain, which Great Bri¬ 
 tain^ huge Infinity will not. 
 
 Q. E. And yet their Caufe and Reafon is 
 England's, viz. their Confidences, Lives and 
 Countries. 
 
 Q^A. Pray God England and France in¬ 
 ter pole not to crofs the Wars, and feck to con¬ 
 clude a Peace between Holland and Spain. 
 
 E. 6» But 
 
( ) 
 
 E. 6. But the Hollanders are refolded to 
 make King James a large Offer to proteft 
 them againft Spain. 
 
 Q.M. But King James loves Spain too 
 well, and therefore will not hearken to, or 
 regard their Proffer, for his Majefty is refolv-- 
 ed not to protect them. 
 
 P. H. The more is the Pity. 
 
 Q^E. The more my Grief 
 
 And without Grief or Pity, the 
 more is my Joy. 
 
 Q^E. X protected the Netherlands in Spight 
 of Spain. 
 
 E. 6. But Spain went near by your Leicef- 
 ter, to betray both you and them. 
 
 H. 8. If King James would now protect the 
 Netherlands, how eafily might he refetch 
 back Flujhing , the Brills and the Ramekins ? 
 
 E. 6. Nay, how eafily did his Majefty de* 
 part with them to the Netherlands ? 
 
 P. H. It infinitely rejoiceth me to under- 
 ftand the Hollander’s brave Refolution and 
 Forwardnefs to have Wars with Spain. 
 
 Q^M. But there is a fecret Trick to cool 
 their Gourages which they leaft think of. 
 
 H. 8. As how Daughter? 
 
 M. Why, to piftol this Prince of 
 Orange, as they did his Father. 
 
 E. Heaven forbid it. 
 
 P.H. God defend it. 
 
 Q^M. Why ftis but one for another; for 
 he knowing Barnevelt a Traitor to his Coun¬ 
 trey becaufe a Penfioner to Spain, caufed the 
 l ords States to put him to Death, why then 
 
 (in 
 
I 
 
 ( 49 ) 
 
 (hi exchange and requital) Should not a Pen¬ 
 sioner of Spain either poifon or piftol the 
 Prince of Orange ? 
 
 E. 6. Thele diabolical Resolutions and 
 bloody Positions come from Hell. 
 
 Q^E. And thither they go thatprofefs and 
 practice them. 
 
 Q^ M. The King of Spain is too religious 
 to authorife fo execrable a Murder. 
 
 Ch E. But the Pope, as holy as he is, will 
 pardon it, and yet the World, I hope, knows, 
 that the King of Spain cannot be fo religious 
 as his Holinefs. 
 
 Q. A. It were good then for Holland to 
 be careful of their Prince of Orange's Life'; 
 as all the World knows his Excellency is of 
 their Safety and Prefervations. 
 
 P. H. And it will like wife behove them to 
 obferve withal (as I hope they do) how fub- 
 tilly and treacheroufly Sftinola takes their 
 Neighbour Towns for the Emperor, and 
 keeps them for the King of Spain his Matter. 
 
 E. 6. And if the Wars goes on ’twixt Hol¬ 
 land and Spain, as I hope they will, it will 
 be needful for Spain to have a Special Care of 
 his Weft-Indies from the Holland Fleets. 
 
 H. 8. Wherefore only Spain's Weft-Indies, 
 or rather why not all the Worlds Weft-In¬ 
 dies ; lince their red and white Earth fets ail 
 the World on Fire and in Combuftion. 
 
 Q^A. Surely, e’er this Summer pais, and 
 the next appear, the Hollanders vow to have 
 a Heave at them. 
 
 G 
 
 Ch M. Nay^ 
 
V ^ Js 
 
 Q^M. Nay, I hope the contrary, for the 
 Weft-Indies is the main and only Prop of 
 Spain, which if once found out, and taken 
 away from them, will quickly make the Great- 
 nefs of his Ambition and Empire totter. 
 
 P. H'. Till when, all other Kingdoms and 
 Eftates of Chriftendom may think thernfelves 
 exempt from Spain's Fear, , but fliall never be 
 from his .Danger. 
 
 Q. E. This Holland perfectly and appa¬ 
 rently knows, and it were a greater Happi- 
 nefs for the reft of Europe, if they would 
 herein imitate their Generofity, Valour and 
 Wifdom, who ftand on their Guards with 
 their Swords drawn, and their Match lighted 
 ready to give Fire; as being conftantly and 
 virtuoully refolved neither to love, truft, nor 
 fear Spain. 
 
 H. 8. But now leave we all other Countries, 
 and come we to England, from whence being 
 defcended, we by the Laws of Nature, are 
 eternally obliged to honour and love it; yea 
 to prefer it and its Prosperity and Glory to all 
 other Countries of the World ; wherefore let 
 us fee Spain’s Ambition and Envy towards it; 
 and how he hath from Time to Time borne 
 himfelf to the Englifh. 
 
 Q. M. There is no Kingdom in the World, 
 that Spain loves better than England. 
 
 Q^E. Nor no People under the Sun that 
 it hates more than Engliflimen. 
 
 E. 6. For Peter King of Caftille moft in- 
 gratefully and bafely abided our famous and 
 generous Edward the Elack Prince (the Or¬ 
 nament 
 
C 5 1 ) 
 
 nament of Arms, the Glory of England, and 
 the Honour of the World) and his whole 
 Army in Spain^ after that he had inthronized 
 and feated thefaid Peter in his Kingdom, and 
 with his victorious Arms expell'd Henry the 
 Baftard, who ufurped it. 
 
 Q^M. If Spain had not loved England 
 and Englifhmen, King Philip would never 
 have married me. 
 
 E. He loved you well, Sifter, but your 
 Kingdom far better; for you were the Object 
 of his Zeal, but England that of his Ambi¬ 
 tion. 
 
 H. 8. But, Elizabeth, he hated you more 
 than ever he loved Mary. 
 
 Q^E. And yet I dare truly affirm, that 
 King Philip loved my Kingdom far more 
 than ever he hated my Perfon. 
 
 H. 8. To fpeak Truth, Daughter, he nei¬ 
 ther loved you, nor Mary, his Wife and Queen, 
 but only England. 
 
 P. H. And X have heard, that if he had 
 never married my Aunt Mary^, fhe had never 
 loft Calais; nor confequently England, France. 
 
 E. 6. Though that Match was unfortu¬ 
 nate to England in the Lofs of Calais, yet it 
 was fortunate in that Philip and Mary had no 
 Children. 
 
 Q^M. If we had had any Males, England 
 had been long fince a Province to Spain. 
 
 Q^E. God knew fo much, and therefore , 
 prevented it, wherein I blels his Mercy and 
 Providence, as alfo your Sterility. 
 
 G 2 P. H. Aire 
 
P. H. Aunt, and I your Refolution in (peak¬ 
 ing it. 
 
 Q. M. The Kings of Spain are the greateft 
 and moil potent Kings of the World. 
 
 Q.E. Yea, in Ambition and Qftentation, 
 but not in Power; .for I proved it not fo, I 
 found it not fo, I left it not fo. 
 
 P. H. You^, Madam, found War with Spain 
 finer and fafer than Peace. 
 
 Q^E. Yea, far more fafer, and far more pro¬ 
 fitable too for England. 
 
 Q^A. Then I wonder that King Janies my 
 Husband fo delights and drowns himlelf in his 
 Peace with Spain. 
 
 Ch M. O, but Spain finds both Policy and 
 Realon enough to lull King James afleep in 
 the Cradle of Peace and Security. 
 
 Q^E. I never feared Spain lefs than when 
 I loved it not, nor more than when it made 
 greateft iliew to love me. 
 
 P. H. And the King my Father never loved 
 it more, than now when he fears it. 
 
 E. 6. But is it poffible King James fears 
 Spain ? 
 
 P. H. It feems fo, for elfe he would never 
 love it fo exceffively. 
 
 Q^E. Sir Nicholas Bacon, my Chancellor, 
 on his Death-bed, wrote me a Letter, that the 
 Glory and Confervation of England confifted 
 in holding Spain at Rapiers Point; and will 
 not his Son, Sir Francis, the now Chancellor, 
 tell his Matter fo much? 
 
 P. H. O uOj he is otherwife employed. 
 
 H. 8. But 
 
( 53 ) 
 
 H. 8. But tell me, Daughter; Was Spain 
 ever treacherous to your Perfon ? 
 
 Q^E. Almoft every Year Spain hatched me 
 a new Treafon, witnefs Pary, Babbington, 
 Williams, Yeorke, Lopez, and infinite others, 
 who fought to lay violent Hands on my Per¬ 
 fon and Life, but that God in his infinite 
 Mercy and Providence Bill protected and de¬ 
 fended me, to their own Confufion. 
 
 P. H. But King Thilip IX. chiefly difeo- 
 vered his Love to England, in the treacherous 
 Attempt of his huge Armado of 88, (term’d 
 by the Pope, in a Bravery, The invincible 
 Fleet\ at what Time his Ambition and greedy 
 Defire of Ufurpation, fo far over!way’d him 
 and his Council, as he thought, to have made 
 an abfolute Conqueft of England; but he was 
 deceived of his Hopes; for God look’d on 
 England with his indulgent Eye of Pity and 
 Compaflion, and on that great and mighty 
 Naval Army with Contempt and Defoliation. 
 
 Q^E. Yea, God was fo gracious to Eng¬ 
 land, and fo merciful tp me, as not only my 
 Ships and People, but the Winds and Waves 
 fought for my Defence, and that of my Coun¬ 
 trey, againft the Pride and Malice of Spain, 
 who grew mad with Anger, and pale with 
 Grief, to fee this his great and warlike Ar¬ 
 mado beaten, foiled and confounded, in the 
 midft of their Glory and Ambition. 
 
 E, <5. But Sifter, was this all Spain’s Ma¬ 
 lice and Treachery towards you and your 
 State ? 
 
 Qc E. No, 
 
( 54- ) 
 
 E. No, no, for I had forgotten how be¬ 
 fore that,, his Majefty in Spain, and his Lieu¬ 
 tenant the Duke of Alva in Flanders em¬ 
 bark'd and confisk'd a World of Goods and 
 Ships that belong'd to my Subjeds, contrary 
 to all Laws of Gonfcience and Nations. 
 
 P. H. And no other. 
 
 E. Yes, King Philip begg’d my King¬ 
 dom of Ireland of the Pope, and fo affifted 
 the Rebels, and made a Confederacy with 
 them for the Conqueft thereof from me, bring¬ 
 ing in firft Stukley, then Don Juan of Aquilla 
 into that Kingdom to the fame Effed : But 
 Heaven always laughed at their Ambition, 
 Ufurpation, and Treachery, which ftill proved 
 as vain, as impious and unjuft. 
 
 P. XT. And yet fee the Juftice of the Caufe, 
 and the Equity of your Arms; for EfTex land¬ 
 ed at Calais, and in Defpightj of Spain took 
 and rifled it, beating and finking their befl: 
 and greateft Ships, in a manner without any 
 ' Ihew of Defence or Refiftance. 
 
 Q^M. O, but now the Times are altered 
 and changed, for then Spain was poor and 
 England rich, and now England is poor and 
 Spain rich: Likewife Spain’s Wars., Parfi- 
 mony and Frugality, makes his Men Soldiers; 
 and our Peace, Pride and Superfluity, hath 
 made our Soldiers either Courtiers or Cowards. 
 
 H. 8. France knew that I found Soldiers 
 in England, when I took Tourney and Bo- 
 logne.; . # ■ ' f 
 
 Q^E. And Spain felt that the Englifh 
 were Soldiers, when my Drake beat them 
 
 on 
 
( 55 ) 
 
 on my Seas, and Coafts in 83 ; my Norris at 
 Croyden in 94; my ElTex at Calais in 96; and 
 my Montjoy at Kingfale in 1600. 
 
 o, M. But then England was delighted 
 in Combats, Wars and Vidories, and now in . 
 Stage-Plays, Masks, Revels and Caroufmg, 
 fo as their Courages are become as rufty as 
 their Swords and Muskets, which fcrve to 
 grace the Walls, and not the Fields, except 
 in poor Mufters, and Bight Trainings ; and that 
 but once a Year; which upon the whole, is 
 more for Oftentation than Service: Moreover, 
 then England's Navy-Royal could give a 
 Law to the Ocean, and now Time and Negli¬ 
 gence hath almoft made all thefe Ships un- 
 ierviceable, who lie rotting at Chatham and Ro- 
 chefter. 
 
 E. 6 . Here Queen Mary hath Reafon, for 
 now fhe is in the Truth. 
 
 ce E. What (Sifter and Brother) my Royal 
 Navy lie rotting, who are the Bulwarks and 
 Walls of England, arid when I left them were 
 capable to beat the Power and Pride of Spain 
 to Shivers; O this grieves me! but I believe 
 not that my wife and prudent Succeffor King 
 James will fuffer or permit it, I pray, Godion 
 and Nephew Prince Henry, refolve me here¬ 
 of. 
 
 P. H. Indeed Madam, I confefs, I have 
 feen fo, much myfelf, when God knows I 
 grieved to fee it; neither did I fail to put the 
 King my Father often in Remembrance there¬ 
 of ; and his Majefty ftill promifed me to new 
 build and repair that Royal Fleet, to which 
 
 Number 
 
( 5 6 ) . ■ 
 
 Number I added my Princ'e-Royal, a Ship? 
 who had fhe many Fellows, England need not 
 fear all the Fleets of the World ; but although 
 the old Lord Admiral hath not been careful for 
 the Prefervation of the Navy, yet the new 
 one is. 
 
 H. 8. If he be not, I grieye for the Fleet. 
 
 Q^E. And I lament it. 
 
 E. 6. And I pity it. 
 
 A. And I bewail it.' 
 
 Q. M. And not to diflenible,, both Gon- 
 damor, King Philip his Matter, the Pope, my- 
 felf, and all the Roman Catholicks of England, 
 rejoice hereat; for the Impotency and Deftruc- 
 tion of this Royal Navy, is the Harbinger to 
 prepare the Way, and a Step for King Philip 
 to mount the Throne of Eftate ; to pluck off 
 King James's Crown, and to place and fettle it 
 on his own Head. 
 
 E. Omy Ships, my Ships: God knows 
 they are ftill dear to me, becaufe Hill necef- 
 fary to England. Where is my Drake, where 
 my Cumberland, my Forbiftier, my Granville, 
 my Cavendiih, my Hawkins, my Raleigh, and 
 the reft? Alas they want me, and King 
 James, and England wants them; for when 
 they lived, and I reigned, our Valour could 
 flop the Progreffion of Spain; yea, my Ships 
 domineer'd in his Seas and Ports, and their 
 Clouds of Smoke and Fire, with their Peals of 
 Thunder,ftruck fuch Amazement to the Hearts, 
 and Terror to the Courages of Caftile and her 
 faint-hearted Caftilians, that every Spanifli 
 Bird kept his own Nett, not powerful enough 
 
 to 
 
 / 
 
( 57 ) 
 
 to defend themfelves, much lets to offend any, 
 and left of all, England, who was then in 
 her Triumphs, in her Luftre, in her Glory. 
 
 P. H. Grieve no more dear Aunt for the 
 Navy Royal of England •, for although Not¬ 
 tingham were remils and carelefs herein, yet 
 brave Buckingham hath of late Years let a 
 new Face on that Fleet; and makes it not on¬ 
 ly his Delight, but his Glory to re-edify and 
 reform them ; yea there is not a Year paffes 
 him, but he brings fome new forth from their 
 Docks, and puts'in other old, although Gran*, 
 field (refembling himfelf) bites his Lips at 
 the Charge thereof, becaufe he affirms he hath 
 other Occaflons to disburfe, and pay away the 
 Kings Treafure. 
 
 E, Nephew Wales, I am glad to hear 
 that Buckingham is fo careful of England’s 
 Fleet-Royal, and inevery Deed, his Ambition, 
 Gare, and Zeal herein, will infallibly purchafe 
 him much Love and Honour of the whole 
 Kingdom, efpecially if he continue it* 
 
 H. 8. Methinks Scotland annexed and 
 united to England, fhouLd make it far the 
 ftronger. 
 
 Qi E. But how could King Janies fay, 
 England and Scotland is ftrong, when he fears 
 the Power of Spain, and will not know or 
 believe his own. 
 
 E. 6. Yea, it were much Honour to the 
 King, and Happinefs to his Kingdoms and 
 Subje&s., if in any Point (knowing the Weak~ 
 nefs thereof) he would fortify and reform 
 
 it. I t 
 
 H 
 
 Q. A* And 
 
( 5§ ) 
 
 A. And it were a great Happinefs for 
 molt Kingdoms and free Eftates of Europe, 
 if they woul follow the Examples of the Ve¬ 
 netians and Hollanders, who will neither truft, 
 nor love, much lefs, fear Spain. 
 
 P. H. And among the reft, if England 
 would follow it, they fhould draw Security 
 out of Dangers, whereas now her apparent 
 Danger is drawn and derived from her ap* 
 parent Security. 
 
 A. O, that the King my Husband would 
 think hereof 
 
 P. H. O, that the King my Father would 
 make. Ufe hereof. 
 
 E. O, that King James, my Heir and 
 SuccefTor, would hearken or believe the contra¬ 
 ry hereof. 
 
 H. 8. But this were the Way to have 
 Wars with Spain, and King James, I under- 
 ftand, is refolved to live and die in Peace with 
 them. 
 
 Q^M. War cannot be bought at a cheap 
 Rate. 
 
 E. But it is Pity that Peace fhould be 
 bought at too dear and difhonourable a Rate. 
 
 P. H. I have always been informed that 
 England ftill gets by her Wars with Spain. 
 
 E. I got by my Wars with Spain, and 
 Spain loft by it. 
 
 P. H. My Father and his Subjects lofe by 
 his Peace with Spain, and Spain gets by it. 
 
 Q^M. When England hath loft herfelf, fhe 
 can lofe no more. 
 
 ». 
 
 TO 
 
Count Gondomar, Ambaffador for Philip 
 III. King of Spain, refident with 
 James, King of Great Britain. 
 
 OUR Excellency may underiland, that I 
 
 have difpatched Mercury to you in Eng¬ 
 land, to advertife you of a Confutation held 
 here in Heaven, by my Father King Henry 
 VIII, my Brother King Edward VI, my Sif¬ 
 ter Queen Elizabeth, Queen Anne, Prince 
 Henry, and myfelf, concerning your Mailer's 
 Pretences, and Hopes of England, by the 
 Match of the Infanta, his Daughter, with 
 Prince Charles, which all the other five have 
 oppoled as prejudicial and dangerous, and 
 mylelf maintained as profitable and honoura¬ 
 ble for England ; for loving Philip the Fa¬ 
 ther, I mull and will ever honour Philip, his 
 Son : They have like wife reap’d up and un« 
 mask'd Spain's former Ambition, Cruelty, and 
 Treachery, as well towards England, as other 
 Kingdoms and States of Europe, the Difco- 
 very and Relation whereof, I could neither 
 filence nor prevent; your Excellency muft 
 give me leave to fignify, that I fear your Se¬ 
 cretaries are not fohonell, as yourfelf, Politick; 
 for you are here by thefe Princes brought on 
 
 the 
 
( 6o ) 
 
 ^he Stage in your naked and natural Colours; 
 therefore I could wilh you to be more modeft 
 and not fo bufy, only to the utmoft of your 
 mortal Power, knit the Knot of this Match ; 
 for if it hold, the Heart of England will be 
 icon broken • or, if the contrary, it will infal¬ 
 libly break the Neck of the King your Ma¬ 
 iler's general Hopes and Pretences, and alfo 
 of your own particular Credit and Reputation, 
 as well in England, as Spain ; you have many 
 Eyes over you, and although your fweet 
 Words and Promiles lull King James afleep, 
 you will neverthelefs go near to be circum¬ 
 vented, by thole you leek to circumvent. If 
 you can bring in the Infanta, doubt you not 
 but fhe will uilier in the Pope, and confe- 
 quently he the Catholick King, your Mailer : 
 Forget not to continue, and fortify your In¬ 
 telligence with the Seminaries and Jefuits of 
 England, as alfo with the Catholick Ladies 
 of that Kingdom, and efpecially with thofe 
 of the nobler Rank, and who are moft pow¬ 
 erful at Court, for they may open a Paffage 
 for your Mailer when none elfe dare. At any 
 Hand ufe the Prime of your Art and Inven¬ 
 tion, to keep the King of England poor, and 
 be fare to rivet this Nail foundly to his Ma« 
 jelly, that there is no Vertue fo Royal and 
 Magnificent in a great King, as Liberality. 
 I am lorry to hear that England's Navy-Roy¬ 
 al, doth fo profper and flourifh; in which 
 Regard and Confederation, the King your 
 Matter Avail do well to build Store of .new 
 
 Ships 
 
< 
 
 ( 61 ) 
 
 Ships in Bifcay, Oftend, and Dunkirk; for 
 if Spain matter England at Sea, England can 
 never withftand Spain by Land ; for now the 
 Englifli are effeminate, and you Spaniards 
 Soldiers. I doubt not but by this Time, there 
 is fuch Order taken in Spain, that the Eng- 
 lifh Fleet at Alicant, and Cartagena, fhall 
 return home with Lofs, Shame and Repen¬ 
 tance, whereby you may teach them, that 
 it is only proper for Spaniards to domineer 
 at Sea, and that the Sea and / Maritime 
 A&ions are now Spain’s; no longer England's 
 Element. 
 
 So whilft England lies gafping on her Bed 
 of Peace and Security, let the King your 
 Matter provide for War: Continue to fow 
 Divifion in the Church of England, and ra¬ 
 ther augment than diininifti your Penttons to 
 you know whom. If there be any Army to 
 go out of England, either for Bohemia, the 
 Palatinate, the Netherlands, or Venice, deal 
 fo effectually with King James, that either it 
 be fo fmall as it can do no great hurt to Ca-* 
 tholicks, or be a means to caufe them to ftay 
 fo long, that it be impoffible to do any good 
 for Proteftants. I commend your Excellen¬ 
 cy's Policy, in being fharp, and bitter againft 
 thofe, who either fpeak, write, or preach 
 againft the King your Matter, and his Pre¬ 
 tences, for now you having the Honour and 
 Felicity, to fee yourfelf tied to King James’s 
 Ear, and his Majetty to your Girdle ; the 
 Difgrace and Punifhment of thefe will terrify 
 
 others. 
 
 A 
 
(«*) 
 
 others. Be fure to be intimately acquainted 
 with all fa&ious and difcontented Catholicks, 
 for they will prove fine Agents and Inftru- 
 ments to execute your Matters Commands. 
 I am glad to fee King Philip fo flighting, and 
 difrefpeft King James, as he hath not this 
 many Years fent him an extraordinary Arn- 
 baffador, efpecially now for treating and con¬ 
 cluding this Match 3 for the more you and he 
 , debafe the Honour, and undervalue the Re^ 
 putation of England, the more you advance 
 and prize that of Spain. But that which 
 grieves me moft, is, becaufe God himfelfhath 
 oppofed and confirmed the Breach, and De¬ 
 laceration of the Match; but I hope that for 
 the Catholick King’s Sake, our Holy Father 
 the Pope, and our Bieifed Mother, the Church, 
 will fo interpofe their Prayers to his facred 
 and divine Majefty, that very fhortly he will 
 revoke and change his Relolution, and relifh 
 that which he now diftafteth. Through your 
 Zeal and Induftry, I likewife doubt not, but 
 (before a few Years be paft and blown over) 
 to fee England made a Province to Spaing 
 her Nobility moft murthered, and the reft 
 carried away Slaves to work in the Mines of 
 Peru and Mexico; the Pope inftall’d; all 
 Hereticks rooted out either with Fire or 
 Halter. Let your Excellency proceed, as 
 you have well and happily begun* and 
 fear not but you fhall enjoy your Wifhes 5 
 the King, your Mafter, his Hopes, and 
 rnyfelf and all the Roman Catholicks of 
 * England 
 
England our Defires. In the mean Time 
 I kindly greet and lalute your Excellency, 
 and by your next Difpatch for Spain, fail 
 not to fignify that I kifs the Gatholick King's 
 Hand. 
 
 Written and fent from Heaven. 
 
 Tour Excellency’s friend^ 
 
 Mary Queen. 
 
* 
 


 
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