09713 no . &1- 610 HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH AND INFORMATION CENTER Artist's rendition of HWRIC's Hazardous Materials Laboratory, to be completed June, 1989 of Submitted to DENR Board of Natural Resources and Conservation Illinois Department ot Energy and Natural Resources STATE WATER SURVEY DIVISION HWRIC AD87-010 Sf 7 u ! c.2 tuff ... sS^-' 30 ' Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center Library One East Hazelwood Drive Champaign, IL 61820 217/333-8957 OEMCO Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources State Water Survey Division ANNUAL REPORT May 1, 1986 - April 30, 1987 Edited by: David L. Thomas Christina M. Komadina Contributions were made by the following HWRIC staff: Gary D. Miller (Research Program) Wendy J. Garrison (Research Program) Frederick L. Doll (ITA Program) Daniel D. Kraybill (ITA Program) Anita D. Johnson (Information Services Program) Linnea B. Eschenlohr (Information Services Program) Frank M. Brookfield (Data Management Program) Lance G. Perry (Data Management Program) Lynda L. Warren (Administrative Section) Printed by the authority of the state of Illinois. /87/300 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/annualreportmaOilli TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii ABBREVIATIONS viii HIGHLIGHTS ix I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. HWRIC MANAGEMENT 3 Roles of Director and Program Coordinators 3 Roles of Governing and Advisory Bodies 4 III. MAJOR HWRIC PROJECTS 5 Waste Reduction Program 5 Governor's Innovative Waste Reduction Award 6 Waste Minimization Statements in Annual Reports 7 Very Small Quantity Generator Program 8 Household Hazardous Waste 8 Agricultural Hazardous Waste 9 School Laboratory Waste 9 Hospital Waste 10 Small Business Waste 10 The Status and Adequacy of the Hazardous Waste Data Base 10 Hazardous Waste Education and Training Program 12 IV. HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH 14 Nature of the Problem 14 Prioritizing Research Needs in the State 15 Progress in Previous Years 16 FY'85 Research Projects 16 FY'86 Research Projects 16 FY'87 Research Program 17 Characterization and Assessment 17 Historic Waste Generation and Disposal 17 Data Base Development 18 Atmospheric Contamination 18 Ground Water 19 Surface Waters 19 Future Direction 19 in IV. HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH (Continued) Environmental Processes and Effects 21 Surface Waters 21 Soils 21 Future Directions 21 Waste Reduction Technique Development 22 Treatment, Disposal and Remediation Methods Development ... 23 Treatment Methods Development 23 Disposal Methods Development 24 Remediation Methods Development 24 Future Directions 26 Risk Assessment and Policy Analysis 28 Risk Assessment 28 Policy Analysis 29 Future Directions 29 V. INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 31 Assistance to Small Quantity Generators 31 Information Collection and Dissemination 32 Assistance to Very Small Quantity Generators 32 RRT Matching Fund Program 33 Statistical Summary 34 Future Activities 34 VI. HWRIC'S INFORMATION SERVICES 36 Collecting and Dissemination Information 36 Library 36 Clearinghouse 37 Answering Information Requests 38 Groups Served 38 Outreach and Public Affairs 38 Outreach 38 Education / Curriculum Development 38 Household Hazardous Waste Program Initiation 38 Press Releases, Articles, and Center Publicity 39 Production of Center Publications 39 Support for Other Programs 40 VII. HWRIC DATA MANAGEMENT 41 Purpose of the Data Base 41 Hardware and Software 42 Data Base Design and Implementation 43 Adequacy of the Hazardous Waste Data Base 44 Assistance to Others for Data Requests 46 IV VIII. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LABORATORY 47 Introduction 47 Background 47 Facility Description 48 Laboratory Operations 50 Support of HWRIC Activities 50 Importance of the HML to Illinois 51 Regional and National Significance 52 IX. PAPERS / REPORTS 53 REFERENCES CITED 57 TABLES 59 FIGURES 80 APPENDIX I 98 APPENDIX II 106 PART II - Administrative and Professional Activities (in separate volume) TABLES Number Title Page 1. Schedule for Proposal/Research Development - FY'88 60 2. Research Seminars Held During FY'87 61 3. Summary of Projects Initiated During FY'85 62 4. Summary of Projects Initiated During FY'86 63 5. New Projects Initiated During FY'87 65 6. Selected HWRIC Library Holdings 67 7. Selected Data Bases Available Through DIALOG 69 8. Selected Data Base Available Through Medlars 70 9. Data Base Objectives 71 10. Data Development and Enhancement Projects 72 11. HWRIC Data Base Source Files 74 12. HWRIC Data Base File Descriptions 75 13. HWRIC Data Base File Content 77 14. Data Files and Information Related to Companies 78 Practicing Incineration in Cook County, Illinois vi FIGURES Number Title Page 1. HWRIC Management Structure for FY'87 81 2. Administrative Structure of HWRIC 82 3. Relationships between HWRIC's Five Research Areas 83 and Policy Making 4. Flow Chart for Proposals and Contracts 84 5. HWRIC Field Studies, Completed 85 6. HWRIC Field Studies, Initiated in FY'87 and Continuing 8 6 Projects 7. ITA Activities - Instances of Technical Assistance 8. ITA Activities - Types of Assistance 9. ITA Activities - Groups Assisted 11. ITA Speaking Engagements: April 1986 - April 1987 12. Information Collection and Dissemination 14. Location of HML on South Portion of UI Campus 15. HML First Floor 87 88 90 10. Counties in Which There Were Multiple Requests for g 2 Technical Assistance 93 94 13. Locations of Listed and Proposed National Priority List g 5 (NPL) Sites and State Remedial Action Priority List Sites (SRAPL) in Illinois 96 97 vii ABBREVIATIONS BNRC Board of Natural Resources and Conservation BOB Bureau of the Budget CDB Capital Development Board CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act DENR Department of Energy and Natural Resources EEA Energy and Environmental Affairs EEI Envirodyne Engineering, Inc. EMS ethylmethane-sulfonate GAO Government Accounting Office GIS Geographic Information System HML Hazardous Materials Laboratory HRS Hazard Ranking System HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments HWRIC Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center IDOL Illinois Department of Labor IDOT Illinois Department of Transportation IDPH Illinois Department of Public Health IEPA Illinois Environmental Protection Agency IITRI Illinois Institute of Technology Research Inst. IPCB Illinois Pollution Control Board ITA Industrial Technical Assistance NHS Natural History Survey NPL National Priority List NSF Net Assignable Square Footage OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OTA Office of Technology Assessment PAH Polyaromatic hydrocarbons PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls RCRA Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act RRT Recycling, Recovery, and Treatment SIC Standard Industrial Code SQG Small Quantity Generator SRAPL State Remedial Action Priority List SWS State Water Survey TCLP Toxic Constituent Leaching Procedure TSD Treatment, Storage, and Disposal UI University of Illinois USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Vlll HIGHLIGHTS The Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center (HWRIC) was formed in 1984 within the Department of Energy and Natural Resources (DENR). It is located near the University of Illinois campus in Champaign-Urbana and is administered by the Illinois State Water Survey (SWS). This is the Center's second annual report and it covers the period May 1986 through April 1987. The Center has been invested with specific objectives: reducing the volume of hazardous wastes generated and the threat they pose to human health and the environment, sponsoring research on hazardous waste issues of importance to Illinois, characterizing and assessing the extent of Illinois' hazardous waste problems, assembling, analyzing, and disseminating hazardous waste-related information and making it available to various groups and individuals, providing assistance to industry, agriculture, and communities, helping develop and implement a comprehensive hazardous waste management program for Illinois. Many of the accomplishments of the last year have been in the development of specific Center priorities and programs, development of the design for the $9 million Hazardous Materials Laboratory, and in the establishment of HWRIC as a viable and successful state program. The Center has also established itself on the national level. Working through the National Governors' Association and the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), HWRIC is coordinating its activities with ongoing federal programs and the programs of other states. A. HWRIC MANAGEMENT HWRIC works to achieve its objectives through its five closely linked programs: Research, Industrial and Technical Assistance, Information Services, Data Management and Laboratory Services. The Data Management program was established as a separate program in FY'87 to provide better support for the original three programs and the Hazardous Materials Laboratory, which is now in the design phase. HWRIC's management structure is shown in Figures 1 and 2. A Policy and Program Governing Board, chaired by the SWS Chief, provides administrative supervision to the Director of the Center, and provides guidance for and approves the policy and programs of the Center. Since the SWS is under the Board of Natural Resources and Conservation (BNRC), HWRIC also reports to and receives direction from the BNRC though the SWS. The Center also has two advisory committees: an Internal Research Advisory Committee composed of one scientist from each Division of DENR, and a Program Advisory Panel composed of representatives from industry, academia, citizens' groups, and state government. The former committee provides input and guidance to the Research IX program of the Center; the latter group reviews the Center's programs and provides guidance as to future needs. B. MAJOR HWRIC PROJECTS HWRIC has identified four major projects as Center priorities: hazardous waste reduction, hazardous waste management by very small quantity generators, status and adequacy of the hazardous waste data base, hazardous waste education and training. Waste Reduction Program The Center's waste reduction program deals with an aspect of hazardous waste management that has gained national attention and focus. As part of HWRIC's overall waste reduction program, the Center: Provides technical assistance to industry to help them improve general housekeeping; recycle waste when appropriate, either internally or through material exchanges; propose and provide process modifications to reduce hazardous waste generation; detoxify waste; and substitute nonhazardous for hazardous materials. Is creating a technology transfer/clearinghouse data base on alternative technologies to be used by various industries and trade groups to reduce hazardous waste generation. Administers a matching fund program of up to $100,000 to support industry in their efforts to modify existing equipment or processes, or to develop new technologies that minimize the generation of hazardous waste. Encourages waste reduction by working through the Governor's Office to solicit from industries a description of their waste reduction initiatives. As a part of this effort, the annual Governor's Innovative Waste Reduction Award for industries was initiated in 1986. Conducts research, such as the project recently co-funded by HWRIC to address the feasibility of having a central recovery facility for electroplating wastes in the Chicago area. One option from this study that appeared promising was to develop local treatment facilities that would serve a number of similar generators in an area. Another project is underway to develop in-plant treatment/destruction techniques for certain organic wastes. Although many Illinois companies are reducing their hazardous waste generation at the source, about half of the generators in the state did not submit a waste minimization statement, which was required on their annual reports to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA). It is obvious that education and technical information dissemination is needed as well as longer-term research in areas such as process modifications, in-plant recycling and treatment, and product substitution. Very Small Quantity Generator Program The Very Small Quantity Generator (VSQG) Program is working with those hazardous waste generators who generally produce less than 220 lbs./month, the lower limit for Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) small quantity generators. This group includes households, the agricultural community, small laboratories (including those in schools), hospitals, and small businesses. To date, much of the waste materials from this group has gone into municipal landfills, public treatment works or septic tanks, storm sewers, or has been poured onto the land. These practices have led to ground-water contamination in some areas. HWRIC is working to better define this group's hazardous waste problems, provide educational materials to raise awareness of the problems, and assist interested parties in the proper management and disposal of their wastes. The Status and Adequacy of the Hazardous Waste Data Base The whole area of hazardous waste management relies on accurate statistics for the kinds and quantities of wastes generated, transported, treated, and disposed of. Unfortunately, the inaccuracy, incompleteness, and inadequacy of the hazardous waste data base arc some of the largest stumbling blocks to achieving better hazardous waste management. Part of this is because many of the statistics we have were collected for a regulatory purpose, rather than for research. Our concern is that the statistics we do have are used improperly and that erroneous conclusions are often drawn from the data. HWRIC is attempting to accurately describe the various data files on hazardous waste that arc available, determine how they can or cannot be used, and define areas where additional data need to be gathered. This issue is also being addressed on the national level, and HWRIC will coordinate some of its efforts with USEPA. Hazardous Waste Education and Training Program Education is an important component of an effective hazardous waste management program, and providing pertinent information on a timely basis is essential. HWRIC is providing hazardous waste information to a wide range of groups and individuals in the state. Seminars, workshops, and presentations for specific groups are another important component of this program. One focus over the last year was to introduce hazardous waste- related curriculum materials to Illinois educators. Beyond these efforts is the need to develop and implement educational outreach projects specifically designed for county and local government officials who often must make important decisions about waste management policy. C. RESEARCH PROGRAM Accomplishments in Hazardous Waste Research HWRIC sponsors research in five substantive areas with the overall goals of assessing the magnitude of the hazardous waste problems in Illinois and finding improved solutions to them. Achieving these goals will enable us to more effectively protect public health and the environment, while providing for jobs and a strong economy. These goals can be accomplished by better understanding how wastes are managed, how released contaminants move through the environment, and what effects they have on the environment. With this understanding we can solve many of our waste problems by more efficient treatment and disposal techniques, waste reduction, and more effective cleanup of XI JSSSf'H 10- S,teS " DUring thC fim tW ° ycarS of the Center ' s operations (FY'85 and hZn n lv kT C c S we ^. initia , tcd - 0f these ' J 2 have been completed and 14 reports have hfn Kr k S ^ -,k add,t,onal pr °J ect re P° rts *™ ^ various stages of peer review and will be published w.th.n the next four months. Seven projects arc multiycar efforts and arc still in progress. High-priority research needs are identified through activities of Center staff and through adv.ee from other scientists, university professors, industry representatives personnel from other government agencies, various public interest groups, and others This includes guidance from our Research Advisory Committee, Program Advisory Panel and S-th'nFMP^P Incrc "« d Cff0rtS hHVe a,S ° been under «- HWRIC Director David L. Thomas monitors the progress of a research project in Galesville, Illinois designed to study the application of pesticide-contaminated soil to crop land. Illustration 3. With increasing use of solid and hazardous waste incinerators and the popular assumption that incineration is preferable to other forms of disposal, it is important that emissions from hazardous waste incinerators be completely characterized to ensure that toxic compounds are not being released to the environment. The products of incomplete combustion often differ from their parent pollutants, so monitoring devices must be carefully designed and operated. Also of interest to HWRIC under the category of treatment and remediation, is the field assessment of cleanup effectiveness. Other agencies are responsible for site cleanup, and HWRIC seeks to work with them in a joint effort to test soil and water contaminant levels after excavation and removal of leaking drums and their surrounding soils. The goal is to determine the effectiveness of various cleanup strategies. Risk Assessment and Policy Analysis The types of risk assessment and policy analysis studies sponsored draw upon findings in the four other substantive areas of research described previously and illustrated in Figure 3. As chemical constituents in wastes are identified, assessments arc needed of their degree-of-hazard or threat to the environment and human health. Current practice relies on the use of toxicological data and understanding environmental transport mechanisms (also discussed under Environmental Processes and Effects) to develop appropriate controls, regulations, and policies. Risk Assessment In "A Risk Assessment Model for Direct Acting Genotoxins" scientists are investigating a method that uses tests on lower organisms to predict the effects of chemical compounds on humans. The method involves assigning a "radiation equivalent" to a chemical compound or complex mixture. This approach is desirable since gamma radiation effects on humans are known. The researchers have established for each of three organisms (corn, a yeast, and a bacteria) the "radiation equivalent" of a particular compound. For example, they have established that for corn, one rad of gamma radiation is equivalent to 2.99 X 10 moles of ethylmethane-sulfonate (EMS) in terms of mutations caused. Knowing the radiation equivalent of a given compound on one test organism, researchers will then see if they can predict the effects on the other two test organisms. The basis of this extrapolation is DNA content. (Corn has the highest DNA content, followed by yeast and bacteria.) If extrapolations can be made among the three test organisms on this basis, the researchers will have confidence in extrapolating results to humans on the same basis. In this way, effects on humans could be more accurately predicted from simple tests on lower organisms. Such tests could eventually supplement chemical constituent monitoring, or provide the basis for an alternative to it. In addition to selected individual chemicals, complex mixtures that simulate hazardous wastes will be tested. Two studies conducted during FY'87 were designed to further advance the degree- of-hazard method developed in an earlier study by Reddy (1985). One completed study, "Assigning a Relative Degree of Hazard Ranking to Illinois Waste Streams" (Plewa el ai., 1986), assessed a statistically representative sample of waste disposal application files (sec applications masters file described in Section VII, Data Base Management) for sufficiency of information to perform a degree-of-hazard evaluation. The degree-of-hazard evaluation of both RCRA (federally defined) hazardous wastes and non-RCRA (other industrial) wastes were compared. In Illinois both of these types of wastes are defined as special wastes and must, as a minimum, be disposed of in a special waste landfill. The findings of 28 the PIcwa £t ai- (1986) study indicate that a degree-of-hazard evaluation can be conducted on Illinois special wastes if sufficient information on waste quantities and chemical composition is available. Further, the study concluded that a system of classifying waste streams by their degree-of-hazard could be economically positive in that those waste streams requiring more costly disposal could be identified and separated from those posing little or no hazard to human health and the environment. The latter could be deregulated and disposed of as a solid waste. The second study, "Refining the Degree of Hazard Ranking Methodology for Illinois Industrial Waste Streams", improved upon the toxicological basis of the degree-of-hazard methodology. Researchers are developing an interactive computer program that enables the user to perform rapid evaluations of the degree-of-hazard of waste streams. In addition, it provides an easy format to keep the data base current. Risk assessment research involves the Center in various technology and policy assessment issues. This includes, for example, assessing trade-offs between various disposal options for specific waste streams. Comparative risk assessments to identify the most appropriate disposal options are needed for effective management and regulatory decision making. The first such study, cosponsored by the Center with DENR's Energy and Environmental Affairs group, was an assessment of underground injection of industrial wastes in Illinois. Alternative pretreatment technologies were evaluated by their technical and economic feasibility. However, comparative risks between different disposal options such as deep well injection, land burial, and incineration have not been performed because the data base to assess risks on a comparative basis is just now being developed. Policy Analysis Information required for sound policy decisions and waste management includes assessment of the need for additional treatment and disposal capacity, and the effectiveness of the manifest system for tracking the transportation of hazardous wastes (including the import and export of wastes from the state). Computer modeling techniques arc being developed to help answer these questions and could be implemented for Illinois using the HWDB along with other information generated by HWRIC-sponsored research projects and by other agencies, including the USEPA. With the project titled "Development of a Hazardous Waste Management Model for the State of Illinois," researchers are using a computer management/policy options model to accomplish several objectives. First, the regulatory data on hazardous wastes is being used to describe how hazardous wastes are managed in Illinois; this includes types and volumes generated, transport flows within the state, and handling methods used. The computer model uses various data on environmental characteristics, such as depth to ground water and various predictive relationships to assess the relative risks of current hazardous waste management on health, the environment, and on the Illinois economy. A demonstration will also be performed of the model's usefulness to indicate the effects of a range of policy options on the state's hazardous waste management system. Future Directions in Risk Assessment and Policy Analysis Research The degree-of-hazard method will continue to be developed in preparation for regulatory hearings to define which waste streams are hazardous. The waste management model will be used to assess trends in waste handling practices and to determine their relative risks to the environment. The predicted effects of various policy options will be assessed with this model to assist policy makers, the Hazardous Waste Advisory Council, and other researchers. 29 For the long term, it is necessary to develop methods to compare the risks posed by various waste management alternatives. For example, it has not been possible to determine what effects the ban on land disposal of liquid hazardous wastes has on risks to public health and the environment. Comparative risk assessments will allow health and environmental risks to be evaluated along with the associated costs of various options. Scientists and elected officials will be provided with the necessary decision-making information to better site new regional pollution control facilities if needed and to evaluate alternative remedial actions. This information is needed for sound hazardous waste management. 30 V. INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE HWRIC's Industrial and Technical Assistance (ITA) Program provides direct technical assistance to Illinois industries, communities, and citizens with hazardous waste management problems. The Center emphasizes source reduction, recycling, product substitution, and other methods of reducing the amount of hazardous waste generated within a given plant and also recommends appropriate disposal methods. ITA staff also give regulatory and permitting guidance and make referrals to qualified consultants and service organizations. The ITA Program has instituted an outreach program that provides technical assistance not only to industry but to various groups with hazardous waste management problems, including the educational system, the agricultural community, and industrial trade associations. In addition, the ITA Program assists, as requested, with hazardous materials problems associated with state and federal employee and community right-to-know, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations. The ITA program staff consists of two engineers with extensive experience with industrial processes and environmental disciplines, and a part-time graduate student. ASSISTANCE TO SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS HWRIC is now assisting Illinois' small quantity generators (SQGs) of hazardous waste. Thousands of firms in Illinois are affected by USEPA's new SQG regulations, which became effective in September 1986. However, IEPA has only about 1000-2000 Illinois SQGs in the regulatory system at present. Since a comprehensive listing of SQGs is not available, reaching this large group through mailings or personal visits is impractical. Thus, HWRIC is continuing to sponsor a series of compliance seminars for this group of businesses. As with most ITA users, SQGs are generally small firms that lack the staff or time to fully review and comply with the myriad regulations to which they are subject. Thus, HWRIC's SQG seminars focus on new regulations, which are explained and interpreted so that the audience will easily understand them. To fully assist SQGs, HWRIC brings together speakers from six groups: 1. Regulatory Agencies - Personnel from IEPA have been very helpful in explaining regulations and providing an "official" representative to field questions about new and impending regulations. 2. HWRIC - ITA personnel usually speak on waste reduction and disposal procedures. They help bridge the gap between regulators and generators by letting generators know that assistance is available from a nonregulatory agency. 3. Disposal Firms - Speakers who are working in the waste disposal field provide an excellent perspective for generators. 4. Trade Organizations - The Chamber of Commerce and similar organizations often supply speakers for such events. 31 5. Other State and Federal Agencies - The Illinois Department of Labor, and Federal OSHA, for example, will often provide speakers on workers right- to-know issues. 6. Groups with Other Viewpoints - The insurance industry and small business associations have also provided speakers. Two seminars were held last year. This year the Center has hosted two, one in Kankakee and the other at LaSalle-Peru. Staff from HWRIC's Information Services Program arc assisting with planning, publicizing, and running the seminars. It is expected that up to six will be held next year (see Future Activities below). In addition, ITA staff have supplied the SQGs with a variety of materials to assist them, including a "Small Quantity Generators' Compliance Manual," written by ITA staff and used to accompany many of the presentations for the SQG seminars. The manual is available as HWRIC publication #TN87-002 (Kraybill 1987). INFORMATION COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION The ITA Program does not have the staff or the mandate to perform as a consulting firm. Thus, ITA personnel have assembled and are constantly updating a data base of consultants, laboratories, waste disposal and hauling firms, and equipment vendors for referral purposes. This data base enables ITA personnel to quickly locate waste management and consulting firms in a user's area and match the consultant's skills with the user's requirements. Initial contact with the consultants was made through a mass mailing of a questionnaire and through a mailing list supplied by IEPA. The consultants and services data base includes approximately 220 entries, and additional entries are being made continually. The ITA Program has established a data base of over 1300 industrial trade associations that are based in Illinois or have a substantial membership in Illinois that includes hazardous waste generators. A questionnaire and form letter were distributed to each trade association. The mailing also included an announcement for the Center's "Illinois Hazardous Waste Reduction '87" conference to be held in Chicago in September 1987 (see Section III, Major Projects). The responses will give us a better idea of the needs these various trade groups have for technical assistance for their members. It will also aid us in planning educational seminars, preparing generic regulatory compliance packages, and providing assistance with regulatory paperwork. ASSISTANCE TO VERY SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS This category of hazardous waste generators has proved most difficult to approach and assist. The category consists of generators of hazardous and toxic waste who produce amounts that are below the present Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) generation level (generally 220 lbs./month), and are, therefore, not subject to the provisions of RCRA. The category is exemplified by small manufacturing shops, hospitals, schools, households, etc., all of which generate small quantities of hazardous wastes. In Illinois, it is illegal to landfill hazardous waste without a "proper permit" (35 IL Admin. Code 32 700.504). There is often confusion about what permits are required for the very small quantity generator, but in general, the requirements are minimal. Despite the difficulty in reaching this group, the Center's ITA program has made some progress during the past year in approaching these generators and providing solutions to their problems. The ITA Coordinator has been working on an ad hoc multi-agency coordinating committee that includes the Illinois State Board of Education and three other agencies. The committee's goal is to define the magnitude of the hazardous waste disposal problem for chemistry laboratories in the state's secondary schools. During the summer of 1986, the Center cosponsored a study with IEPA to define the problem, and in the summer of 1987, a "milk-run" will be set up across the state to collect and properly dispose of excess hazardous chemicals from the schools' chemistry laboratories. Other work with schools has included consideration of a "cadre training" program for the secondary schools, which will train the people who, in turn, will be providing training to other potential trainers in hazardous materials, right-to-know compliance, and hazardous waste management. Finally, the ITA program has provided on-site service to several community colleges that have requested assistance in dealing with their hazardous waste problems. A private consultant's research proposal to write a guidance manual for school chemistry laboratories is now under consideration. The agricultural community has not been so easily approached. They fall into the VSQG category (the amounts of waste they generate are relatively small), but some of their waste materials are very toxic. Pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides may end up as wastes, runoff from the land, or enter ground water. The ITA staff has approached the Agricultural Cooperative Extension Service to provide outreach to farmers and applicators. They have proposed for agriculturists updating existing guidance manuals and organizing outreach seminars similar to the SQG series. Presentations have been given to the Farm Bureau and the Associated Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Service, and input was given to a regional meeting in St. Louis, sponsored by a national agricultural pesticide consortium. The ITA Program has provided direct outreach to hospitals and communities. The Center is considering a proposal under the new Recycling, Reduction, and Treatment (RRT) Matching Funds Program to demonstrate solvent recovery equipment in hospitals and pathology laboratories. Several communities have been assisted with their right-to- know (hazardous materials) programs, and the Center has worked with some community Municipal Sanitary Districts for compliance with their ordinances and pretreatment regulations on industrial discharges of toxic substances. The ITA Program has also worked closely with the University of Illinois Department of Environmental Health and Safety on hazardous waste disposal problems. Implementing household hazardous waste programs in Illinois and increasing the public's knowledge about toxic substances are also Center goals (see Section III, Major Projects). The ITA Program is working closely with the Information Services Program to disseminate information on household hazardous wastes and to assist communities interested in collection programs. In addition, individuals with larger amounts of hazardous materials (i.e., pesticides and herbicides) often call upon the ITA staff for assistance in the proper handling and disposal of these materials. RRT MATCHING FUND PROGRAM The Recycling, Reduction, and Treatment (RRT) Matching Fund Program has been established to encourage testing new technologies and equipment for reduction of hazadous 33 waste generation. Matching contracts of $10,000, or possibly greater, arc awarded to companies to study practical methods of waste recycling or reduction. The amount is matched by the contractor in some manner, thus doubling the size of the project. The results of each study will be published as an HWRIC report and made available to the public. The program is intended to encourage practical solutions to waste management problems. And although innovation is encouraged, the program's goal is to provide immediately useable solutions. The original RFP was sent out on October 20, 1986. Three projects have been recommended for approval; two will start in April and one in May 1987. STATISTICAL SUMMARY During the period May 1, 1986 to March 31, 1987, ITA staff have provided technical assistance to 340 groups and individuals. These groups consisted mainly of small businesses, state and local government agencies, and citizens' groups. In general, the groups are small or underfinanced and cannot afford to hire consultants or permanent environmental staff. Assistance was provided to out-of-state groups approximately 70 times. Most of these were companies in neighboring states that either disposed of wastes in Illinois or do business here. Some requests were from other state and federal agencies for information on HWRIC's ITA program. The types of information given to all who requested assistance consisted mainly of 1) information on regulatory requirements, 2) distribution through personal or mail contacts of technical information on treatment and disposal, and 3) reference to private firms with the needed expertise or products. Statistical information on the year's activities is shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9. Figure 7 shows ITA activities chronologically over the past year. The peaks in activity often followed presentations or seminars put on by Center staff. Figure 8 shows the types and frequency of assistance. Actual on-site visits (item 9) have become somewhat unusual because they have proven to be extremely time consuming and are not an efficient use of personnel. Information dissemination through telephone contacts, mailed material, and presentations to groups is more common now than last year. In an examination of the types of groups assisted, the largest users of our services were other government agencies, SQGs and large generators (Fig. 9). Contacts by other government agencies reflect a need for assistance by small municipalities, state agencies, and by agencies outside the state. Attempts to provide assistance to the agricultural community (items 3 and 4) have not been as successful. The geographical distribution of the assistance shows that activities were concentrated around major industrial areas in Illinois (Figs. 10 and 1 1). FUTURE ACTIVITIES The ITA Program has steadily expanded its scope of activities since its inception. It has been closely monitoring design of the new Hazardous Materials Laboratory (HML) and will continue to do so through the bid and construction periods. 34 The ITA Coordinator has been advising the Governor's Hazardous Waste Advisory Council. This work has included the coordination and analysis of an industrial survey to determine the magnitude of the most significant hazardous waste problems in Illinois, assistance in formulation of the Council's 1986 report, and technical input at Council meetings. The ITA staff coordinated the evaluation and presentation of the first Illinois Governor's Innovative Waste Reduction Awards, described in more detail in Section III, Major Projects. The second annual awards will be given at the Center's two-day "Illinois Hazardous Waste Reduction '87" conference in Chicago in September. A waste management study for the electroplating industry in Chicago, co-funded by the Center and the Energy and Environmental Affairs Division of DENR, was completed in December 1986. Conclusions of that study have focused USEPA interest on the problem and may result in further study. The ITA staff are presently evaluating the exact status of waste minimization and source reduction in Illinois. This program has resulted in several important papers on the topic. The whole area of waste reduction, which has been a focus from the beginning of the ITA program, is discussed in more detail in Section III, Major Projects. Another component of the Center's Waste Reduction Program is the development of an Alternative Technologies Data Base. It will consist of new and innovative technologies for reduction of hazardous wastes, low-waste-generating manufacturing processes, and in- plant treatment. It is planned that an existing software package, using data gathered nationally, will be adapted for use on HWRIC's computers. Maintenance of the data base will be an ongoing process. Information from the data base will be available to Illinois industries and citizens. 35 VI. HWRIC'S INFORMATION SERVICES In a special message to the Illinois 83rd General Assembly, Governor James R. Thompson (1984) emphasized the central role information must play in the state's efforts to solve hazardous waste problems. Developing state policy for complex chemical safety issues in an effective manner requires an understanding and knowledge of ever-changing, sophisticated problems and potential solutions. Currently available information does not provide sufficient data for such policy development. Information concerning all aspects of toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes is needed for development of state policy and planning, enforcement, regulations, economic development, and for the education of and assistance to industry, state and local government and the general public. Fulfilling this mandate to compile, analyze, and disseminate hazardous waste- related information is one of HWRIC's major goals and a primary activity of the Center's Information Services Program, which is responsible for HWRIC's library and clearinghouse. In addition to information collection and dissemination, the Information Services Program is responsible for public affairs and outreach, producing the Center's publications, and providing support to HWRIC's other programs and activities. In this latter role, the Information Services Program helps to integrate the Center's diverse activities. COLLECTING AND DISSEMINATING INFORMATION Library HWRIC's library is focused almost entirely on topics related to hazardous wastes and toxic substances. Information Services staff are responsible for developing and maintaining the library. The collection now consists of approximately 500 items, including the 51 journals and newsletters that the Center subscribes to. The major sources for material arc state and federal governments, with the federal government supplying the most items. New materials are cataloged using either the OCLC system (a commercial online cataloging source) or the University of Illinois' online catalog, LCS. In FY'87 the Center's periodical collection was entered into the library's data base management system. This system includes bibliographic information and names of staff members to whom publications are routed. Catalog information is entered into Inmagic, a computer data base management system. With this system the collection can be accessed by author, title, descriptor, title keyword, publisher, and publishing information. The system is also used to print catalog cards for manual searching. The librarian periodically prints a new acquisitions list, which is distributed to HWRIC staff and others. Because the body of knowledge about hazardous wastes encompasses a wide range of subjects, HWRIC's library contains materials on a variety of hazardous waste-related subjects. Major subjects include general reference, regulatory information, chemicals and 36 chemistry, federal and state government documents, household hazardous waste, small quantity generators, incinerators, toxicology, and treatment technologies. Examples of specific references are listed in Table 6. HWRIC's library also provides access to online information systems available through DIALOG and the National Library of Medicine's Medlars system. There are more than 280 data bases available on DIALOG (Table 7) and 20 available through Medlars (Table 8). Other online sources provide access to more specialized information. The state of Illinois' Legislative Information System provides information on legislation through its Bill Status Inquiry System. Using this system, one can track legislation as well as obtain summaries. IRIS, the Illinois Researcher Information System, is a computerized data base containing over 3500 entries from organizations that support research and scholarships. The results of a search provide sufficient information for the user to identify sponsors who may be sources for research funds. In addition to developing and maintaining HWRIC's library, the librarian also provides a number of services to HWRIC staff and others, including: identifying sources of materials for purchase or to borrow, conducting online searches, obtaining materials from the university and other libraries, providing a reference service to HWRIC staff and people from outside the Center, and compiling specialized bibliographies. Clearinghouse HWRIC's clearinghouse contains multiple copies of materials for general distribution. Included are HWRIC's Research Report Series, other HWRIC-produced publications such as the Small Quantity Generators' (SQG) Manual, fact sheets on specific topics, and brochures. Also included are publications from other state agencies and private printers. These publications include a broad range of topics for diverse users, such as technical material (HWRIC's Research Reports), material for generators (SQG Manual), information for nonspccializcd users (fact sheets, brochures), and even material for children. A new system for inventorying and tracking the distribution of clearinghouse materials was instituted by Information Services staff this year. This system will help improve record keeping and indicate user needs and groups served. 37 Answering Information Requests Information Services staff respond daily to requests for information about hazardous waste or requests for HWRIC publications. To respond to these requests we use information from HWRIC's library, clearinghouse, and data base, and also draw on the knowledge and expertise of other HWRIC staff members. In FY'87, more than 100 replies to information qucrrics were made by Information Services staff. Groups Served HWRIC is fulfilling its mandate to collect and disseminate information to a wide range of user groups in a number of ways. Information sources, means of dissemination, user groups, and how the information is used are illustrated in Figure 12. Specifically, of the approximately 1,000 HWRIC research reports distributed, about 430 went to government, 94 to the business sector, 50 to academia and 24 to public interest groups. Over 400 reports were distributed by individual staff members at seminars and workshops, and by researchers who performed the research. Some of these reports were also sent to individuals not identified with a group. Of the approximately 100 information requests responded to by Informational Service Staff, 28 were to the business sector, 20 to government entities, 16 to public interest groups, 16 to libraries, and 6 to academia. The remainder were requests from individuals. OUTREACH AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS Outreach Providing assistance, technical support, and information to Illinois citizens (public interest groups, teachers, individuals, and communities) is another of HWRIC's mandates and is an important area of focus for the Information Services Program. In the last year, Information Services staff have focused on two major outreach activities — introducing hazardous waste curricula to Illinois teachers and initiating household hazardous waste programs in Illinois. Education/Curriculum Development In the last year, two workshops were held for local teachers, (Section III, Major Programs). Curriculum materials were introduced and an overview of hazardous waste issues was discussed. Although the knowledge about hazardous waste issues is low, both for students and teachers, the interest in learning more about hazardous wastes is very high. The Information Services Program will continue to work with educators and the Illinois League of Women Voters to provide information for the teachers themselves and to provide curriculum materials that can be used in Illinois classrooms. Household Hazardous Waste Program Initiation As part of the Center's "Very Small Qantity Generator" program (see Section III, Major Projects), Information Services staff have worked toward initiating household hazardous waste programs in the state. This has involved the activities described below. 1. Information Services Program staff have gathered information on other states' household hazardous waste programs over the past year. There have been more than 530 such programs in the nation. In addition, HWRIC staff traveled to Michigan in September 38 1986 where they observed three collection programs. Through personal observation and research, HWRIC has gained sufficient knowledge about household hazardous waste programs to assist Illinois communities wishing to sponsor collection programs. 2. HWRIC sponsored a workshop on November 10, 1986, which brought together interested individuals from health departments, local governments, the League of Women Voters, and the University of Illinois Cooperative Extension. Issues involved with establishing and carrying out collection programs were discussed. A network of interested individuals from around the state was established and HWRIC has become an important resource for information about household hazardous wastes and related activities. 3. The Information Services staff drafted a detailed household hazardous waste program plan for Champaign-Urbana's Intergovernmental Solid Waste Disposal Association. The Association will vote on providing funds for the program in April 1987. If the funds are approved, the collection program will take place in early fall 1987. It will be the first in Illinois. 4. Three talks on household hazardous waste were given. One to the Kankakee Woman's Club on February 18, one at the Urbana Schools Midwinter Conference on February 20, and one at a Sierra Club meeting in Champaign on April 16. In addition, HWRIC staff took part in an hour-long radio interview program concerning household hazardous wastes on WILL radio in Urbana. 5. We have been working with the State Legislature to draft household hazardous waste legislation. HWRIC has assisted by providing technical and background information, and will be available, if necessary, to testify before legislative committee meetings. The proposed legislation has been drafted as HB 1666 and 1667 and appropriates $500,000 to DENR for grants to units of local government and other costs in connection with the Household Hazardous Waste Collection Grant Program. It also proposes that the Governor designate a "Household Hazardous Wastes Awareness Week" and has wording to protect local governments from liability during collection programs. Press Releases. Articles, and Center Publicity Information Services staff are also responsible for disseminating information about HWRIC and its activities to a number of groups, including legislators; businesses, industries and trade groups; public interest groups concerned with hazardous wastes; and state and federal governments. Since May 1986, 14 press releases and articles have been written and disseminated. As a result, HWRIC's activities have appeared in local and state newspapers, on radio programs and television news, and in trade journals, national journals and magazines dealing with hazardous wastes. Production of Center Publications Producing the Center's publications is another Information Services responsibility. Included are HWRIC's Research Report Series, technical publications such as the "Illinois Small Quantity Generators' Manual," annual reports, program plans, brochures, and a Research Report Summary series (the first issue will be printed in June). 39 Support for Other Programs Information Services staff provide assistance to other HWRIC programs in several ways. We assist with publicity for all of the Center's activities, including research projects, conferences, seminars, and HWRIC publications. We produce visual aids and graphics (slides, posters, graphs, diagrams), and take photographs. We also provide editing and writing services for other staff. In addition, we assist the Director and Assistant Director with administrative tasks such as producing annual reports, program plans, and responding to requests from DENR, the Office of the Governor, and other agencies. - ■ 40 VII. HWRIC DATA MANAGEMENT Effective hazardous waste management requires accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive information to identify problem areas and provide direction for finding possible solutions. Information is needed on the types and amounts of wastes, where they are produced, and where and how they are disposed of. It is also necessary to know what the most effective alternatives are for safe and legal hazardous waste management under current economic and regulatory constraints. Managers need to be aware of available technologies for handling hazardous wastes and of the emerging technologies that show promise for the future. Illinois is fortunate to have one of the most comprehensive data bases of any state on industrial waste generation, transportation, and disposal. Since 1979 state regulations have required the IEPA to collect data on industrial and pollution control waste, which includes hazardous as well as nonhazardous materials. The amount of information that must be assimilated to make sound decisions regarding the management of hazardous wastes is enormous. Computers are necessary to assist in storing, retrieving, and analyzing this information and are integral to HWRIC's overall program. This section describes how HWRIC is handling and analyzing the large data base of hazardous waste activities in Illinois. PURPOSE OF HWRIC'S HAZARDOUS WASTE DATA BASE The purpose of the data base and management system is to provide support to researchers and information specialists dealing with hazardous waste issues. The data system supports the Center's major programs and researchers under contract to HWRIC. Specific purposes of HWRIC's data base are identified in Table 9. These have been further defined into 12 components as follows: Data on Illinois hazardous waste sites, including generators, transporters, and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. Hazardous waste-related bibliographic information, An engineering data base on hazardous waste technology, Directory of hazardous waste services and expertise, Economic, environmental, and demographic information, Laboratory sample tracking and custody recording, Project and contract management support, Communications support with other computer systems, Statistical analysis support, Geographic analysis and display capability, Simulation model development and use, Data and system security. 41 A summary of projects that relate to information gathering, generation, and assimilation is given in Table 10. Each of these projects is more fully described in Section IV, Research. Sixteen of the research projects sponsored by HWRIC or performed by our staff have as their goal implementing and improving the hazardous waste data base management system for Illinois. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE HWRIC's computer hardware includes a Prime 9650 CPU with one megabyte of main memory and 675 megabytes of disk memory. Peripherals include a 1600/3200 bpi tape drive and a high speed line printer. Three WYSE alphanumeric terminals arc linked directly to the CPU. Remote access is provided by two 1200/2400 baud modems, which allow personal computer users to access the system by dialing one of two telephone numbers. A Tektronix 4209 high resolution color graphics terminal was ordered in February. Twenty personal computers are in use, either for staff activities or in support of research projects sponsored by the Center. One IBM personal computer is being upgraded with a color graphics package for use by HWRIC staff. Operating systems for the CPU include Primos, the standard for Prime computers, and Primex, modeled after the Unix operating system. A relational data base management system, Info, is used for storage, retrieval, and analyses of tabular data. Programming languages include Fortran 77 and C. Statistical capability is provided by minitab. PC- based software packages include Wordstar (word processing), Lotus 1-2-3 (spreadsheet), and Rbase 5000 and Info (data base management). Spatial data, such as points, lines, and polygons representing geographic features, are managed with Arc/Info, a geographic information system (GIS). Figure 13 shows an example application of the GIS system in mapping the location of hazardous waste sites targeted for cleanup in Illinois as of April 1, 1987. The National Priority List (NPL) was established by Comprehensive Environmental Recovery, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) to provide an orderly means of identifying and prioritizing sites for remediation. Sites are added to or proposed for addition to the NPL based on a numerical hazard ranking system (HRS) designed to evaluate relative risk to health and the environment posed by each site. An HRS value of 28.5 or greater is required for listing on the NPL. The State Remedial Action Priority List (SRAPL) was modeled after the NPL and includes those sites scoring between 10 and 28.5 on the HRS. The physical location of each site shown in Figure 13 was determined from geographic coordinates contained in the CERCLA data base. Once hazardous waste sites are located, it is possible to use the GIS to identify spatial relationships between those sites and other natural resources, infrastructural or cultural features of concern. A dedicated telephone line, two 9600 baud modems, and Prime network software provide a direct link between HWRIC's computer and those at the Natural History Survey (NHS). As a result, HWRIC personnel can access any one of three Prime computers in the DENR network. This allows use of additional hardware, including a high density (6250 bpi) tape drive, four-color pen plotter, digitizing tablet, several color graphics terminals, and matrix camera equipment. Access to spatial data files at NHS also enhances the Center's capability to address questions about hazardous waste activities and environmental concerns. Of particular interest are the natural resource, land use/land cover, hydrological, infrastructional, and administrative features of the state. For example, given point locations of all hazardous waste sites, those that may pose a threat to surface- or ground-water supplies could be identified based on hydrological and geological properties of the local terrain. 42 DATA BASE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION The HWRIC data base is an assembly of regulatory and research data on various hazardous waste issues. The Center is attempting to organize and relate diverse data files into a workable system to allow data analysis and to provide a complete and current picture of hazardous waste-related activities in Illinois. Ultimately the data base will assist Center staff in developing a comprehensive hazardous waste management plan for the state. Since 1979 all facilities that generate more than 220 pounds per month of industrial wastes in Illinois have been regulated by the IEPA. These wastes are termed "special wastes" (as opposed to municipal wastes) and must be disposed of in a landfill permitted to receive such wastes. Special wastes include waste materials that are defined as hazardous by the USEPA under RCRA, all other (non-RCRA) industrial wastes, and all wastes from pollution control devices such as power plant emission scrubbers. Generators must apply for a disposal permit and must manifest each shipment of special waste that is destined for an off-site facility. They must also provide to IEPA an annual report of their hazardous waste generation. Treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities also must file reports annually on their waste handling and management activities. Although state reporting requirements may fulfill legal mandates, they were not intended to provide data to answer research questions. For example, only incomplete information is gathered on waste stream constituents and characteristics, not all generators of wastes are included in the regulatory system (i.e., those that dispose of non-RCRA wastes on site), and there are omissions in the manifest information such as tracking of interstate transport of waste. The Center initially acquired data from five sources (Table 11). Fourteen separate data files were obtained in late 1984, and an additional 15 files, including updates of original data, have subsequently been acquired. A description of the type of information contained in each file is given in Table 12. General data categories include the location of waste generators and management facilities; waste quantities, types and characteristics of wastes produced; water quality data; and business activity identifiers. Specific contents of each file are listed in Table 13. Note that each category of information is contained in more than one file, e.g., 12 of the 13 files contain some information that identifies generators, TSD facilities, and transporters. However, the information within each category varies by level of detail, completeness, or intended purpose. For example, the waste disposal applications master contain information submitted by facilities that anticipate generating a stated quantity of waste in a given year, whereas the annual hazardous waste reports contain information from facilities that actually generated regulated quantities of waste. A major Center task is to assemble the files into a central data base so that redundancy is eliminated yet subtle differences between data elements are retained. This approach requires that each file contain a common data element to serve as a bctween-file link, thus forming a single large file from several smaller ones and allowing all data elements to be querried simultaneously. It is then possible to extract information on generator name, waste types, quantities, handling methods, and regulatory information even though the individual data elements reside in separate files. The original data files were acquired in machine-readable form to facilitate transfer to the HWRIC computer. All data files currently are loaded on the computer and are readable with the Center's data base management system. Initial review and integration of the files was accomplished by Schock et aj.. (1985). Two general types of hazardous waste sites were identified: those known to support current or historic hazardous waste activities, such as RCRA and CERCLA regulated sites, and those that are only potential hazardous waste 43 sites. For the latter, a screening method was developed to identify potential hazardous material activities based on SIC codes that are known to be associated with such activities. These efforts resulted in a list of 66,584 sites that make up the "Potential Hazardous Substance Activity Site Inventory List." This file was assembled from data elements present in other files and serves as a central location for site-related information. Field checking of potential sites in nine highly industrialized northeastern counties was undertaken to verify the existence of the sites and eliminate those with no hazardous material activities. Also, historical documentation was examined to determine the length of time that hazardous materials were handled at each site (Schock et aj. 1986). Ongoing efforts of this type in FY'87 arc focusing on the East St. Louis area. As we use the data base to answer questions regarding hazardous waste sources, characteristics, quantities, destination, etc., several errors and anomalies in the data become apparent. For example, the annual hazardous waste reports for 1982, '83, and '84 were thoroughly checked for missing or incorrect data. The most common error was nonreporting or mis-coding of the USEPA and IEPA identification numbers assigned to hazardous waste generators and TSD facilities. Without these numbers in their correct format, it is not possible to identify the source or destination of the associated waste stream. When reported correctly, these codes provide a means of tracking hazardous wastes out of and into the state, and from county to county within the state. Fortunately, the frequency of these types of errors has been decreasing from 6% of all reported waste streams in 1982, to 5% in 1983, to 1% in 1984. Another data base anomaly that must be reconciled arises from redundant information. The Center sponsored a study to evaluate the quality of the data regarding consistency and reliability (Raghavan 1985). A comparison was made of waste quantities reported annually by generators, TSD facilities, and transporters. In many cases it was not possible to resolve differences in totals derived from the various sources. For example, to derive an estimate of the total amount of hazardous waste produced in 1984 by a preselected generator and disposed of off site, three approaches are possible: 1) calculate the totals for all wastes reported by the generator in the 1984 annual hazardous waste report, 2) sum all waste quantities reported by TSD facilities as having been received from the generator in question, or 3) calculate total waste quantities that originated from the generator and were transported during the year as reported in the manifest history file for 1984. Although totals derived by the three methods should be identical, often they are not, and it is not obvious which, if any, of the values are correct. Resolving these types of issues is the next phase in preparation of the data base and is crucial to our understanding of the overall hazardous waste picture in Illinois. ADEQUACY OF THE HAZARDOUS WASTE DATA BASE As mentioned earlier, the Center's data were acquired from several different sources. This can present a problem when trying to answer a specific question because each file can produce a different answer. The inconsistencies arise from variation in data file content regarding quality, completeness, and method of data collection. Answers provided by a particular data file must therefore be qualified. For example, a recent request was for a list of names of all incinerators in Cook county. Although apparently a simple, straightforward request, the resulting lists differed depending on the data file querried. To find all incinerators in Cook County, three files that contain disposal information were referenced: selected inventory, waste disposal applications master, and the annual reports (Table 14). The manifest history file also includes information on waste disposal method, but it is often unreported. The annual reports contain information 44 collected by IEPA once a year, including data on wastes from all facilities that dispose of hazardous waste in quantities greater than 1000 kgs. per month. In 1984 there was one incinerator, SCA Chemical Services, listed in this file for Cook County. This indicates that in Cook County only one incinerator reportedly disposed of more then 1000 kgs of hazardous waste in any one month in 1984. The next files examined were the waste disposal applications master and generic waste stream master. The former is compiled from the IEPA special waste stream application forms which are filled out by TSD facilities who intend to dispose of waste on-site. An authorization number is assigned by IEPA for each listed waste stream and is used on the manifest form to track each shipment of waste. There is an exception to this specific waste stream permit process called a "generic permit." The generic permit covers a general class of waste streams usually intended for a specific form of treatment. Six companies from the waste disposal applications master listed incineration as their disposal method. Three companies had generic permits as incinerators. One company was on both lists. Thus, eight companies were identified as having a permit to use incineration to dispose of special wastes. The selected inventory file contains company names, addresses, and identification as a transporter, generator, or TSD. Companies can be listed as all three if they transport, produce, or treat/store/dispose of special waste in Illinois. Ten general treatment methods are included in the selected inventory file, and five facilities were listed in Cook County as practicing "thermal treatment". A comparison was made of the lists of incinerators from each of the files. The incinerator from the annual reports for 1984 was found in all the lists. Of the five found in the selected inventory, four were also listed in the waste disposal applications master. One company that was in the applications master file was also found in the selected inventory file, but had no code listed (See Table 14). Therefore, the most complete answer that can be given from HWRIC's data files for incinerators in Cook County is that there is one hazardous waste generator that incinerated more than 1000 kgs per month in 1984, two hazardous waste incinerators that disposed of hospital wastes under a generic permit and disposed of less than 1000 kgs a month in 1984, two companies that incinerated special waste, and one that is most likely a municipal incinerator (which does not handle special waste). Two companies were apparently miscoded in the waste disposal applications master, or they incinerated one waste stream for less than a year before 1983. One company incinerated waste, some of which was hazardous, between 1980 and 1981, but is now listed as a landfill. This example illustrates the need for an understanding of the limitations of the data files and how important it is to interpret the answers derived from each based on what is known about the files. This is the first step in addressing how much information there is available on the generation, flow, and final disposition of waste streams in Illinois. The Center is defining the available data files, their limitations, and additional data that are needed to make the data base more accurate and complete. A more complete description of the hazardous waste management system in Illinois is necessary to assist policy makers, companies, and the general public to effectively make informed decisions about hazardous waste. The Special Waste Categorization Study (Reddy 1985) and a more recent study by Plewa ct ai (1986) arc another example of our efforts to define the data needs for improved management and regulation of wastes. Waste stream composition and volume data from the waste disposal applications master are being used to determine which waste streams present an environmental risk. This study is defining what information is in this file, the adequacy of the data to determine environmental and human health risks, and the need for additional data to better regulate non-RCRA special wastes. 45 ASSISTANCE TO OTHERS FOR DATA REQUESTS During the past year, 16 requests of our data base were made from a variety of users: industry (1), state government (4), county government (1), university researchers (5), other researchers (4), and public interest groups (1). These querries varied widely in the specific information that was requested. Some examples of requests received include the following: (1) records from our Statewide Landfill Inventory created last year were requested by the IEPA CERCLA program to locate other possible CERCLA sites; (2) information about specific metals included in the special waste applications master; (3) annual summary information for the state on hazardous waste; and (4) all information about hazardous materials for Addison County. 46 VIII. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LABORATORY INTRODUCTION Early in the development of the Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, it was concluded that modern laboratory facilities would be needed to support the Center's programs. A draft feasibility study that provided a rationale for the Laboratory as integral to the Center's programs was submitted to DENR on August 20, 1984 (Barcelona 1984). It stated: Currently there are no facilities available for the sampling, storage, and chemical or physical characterization of hazardous materials and waste streams which contain unknown hazardous components. In order to carry out its mission to provide research, information, and technical and industrial assistance on hazardous waste problems in the State, the Center must provide a facility for the accurate characterization of properties of waste streams and unknown samples. The complete physical and chemical analyses of such samples requires the development of new handling and analytical facilities to insure that exposure hazards to laboratory and related personnel can be minimized. This type of operation must be conducted to adequately control the release of any hazardous materials from the laboratory to the external environment. The proposed facility has been identified as the Hazardous Materials Laboratory (HML). The report went on to establish the need for a state facility that would incorporate all the safety features necessary for safe handling, analysis, and research on hazardous materials. Its location in Champaign would supplement and complement other laboratory facilities within DENR, the University of Illinois, and the IEPA. This section briefly summarizes the development of this facility, provides a brief description of the laboratory, and discusses its importance for the support of other HWRIC activities and to the state. BACKGROUND On September 10, 1984, the HML Feasibility Study was distributed to the Capital Development Board (CDB), the Bureau of the Budget (BOB), and the HWRIC Research Advisory Committee. Discussions were held in October with CDB and BOB concerning a change of legislation for release of HML planning funds. On February 14, 1985 a briefing on the HML was held with IEPA, CDB, BOB and the governor's staff. During the winter and spring of 1985, communication also occurred between the SWS and UI concerning the HML and the program that would be carried out in the facility. In May 1985, HWRIC personnel were involved with CDB in selecting a contractor for preliminary planning of the HML. Envirodyne Engineering, Inc. (EEI) was selected as the contractor, and a project initiation meeting was held on July 1. However, it wasn't until about mid-September that $200,000 was released to begin planning studies. An "Information Gathering Questionnaire" was sent by EEI to HWRIC on December 9, 1985. It was completed internally by HWRIC staff members and by potential users of the HML within the Scientific Surveys and at the UI. HWRIC returned the completed questionnaire to EEI by the end of December, and all other questionnaires were submitted and discussed at a meeting on January 10, 1986. A synthesis of the questionnaires was 47 submitted to HWRIC in late January, and a Preliminary Facility Program Document was submitted to HWRIC for discussion on March 6. During March, Site A-l, located just south of the Natural Resources Annex on Hazelwood Drive, became the primary site for the facility (see Figure 14). This site was chosen after numerous meetings between HWRIC, SWS, and UI. The site was approved by the UI Board of Trustees on November 4, 1986. Outside input for planning and development of the HML came from a number of sources. HWRIC's Director and Assistant Director visited a number of other hazardous waste labs to learn more about these state-of-the-art facilities. Visits were made to Radian's Lab in Austin, Texas; EPA's hazardous waste facilities in Las Vegas, Denver, and Cincinnati; the United States Fish and Wildlife Services facility in Columbia, MO; and Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute laboratory in Chicago, Illinois. Also, on November 22, 1985, HWRIC convened an ad-hoc advisory panel to provide input on the HML. This panel consisted of representatives of industry, other agencies, UI, and the Scientific Surveys. The panel was reconvened in late April 1986 to review the draft planning and preliminary design document submitted by EEL The final document was published on June 9, 1986. (Envirodyne Engineers, Inc. el a_i. 1986) A presentation on Envirodyne Engineers' program document for the HML was made to the BOB on July 17, 1986. At the end of the meeting it was agreed that $8.5 million would be released in FY'87 for design and construction of the facility. An orientation meeting for the design phase of the study was held on October 7, 1986 between the contractors, HWRIC, and CDB. The schedule called for completion of the design development by the end of January 1987, preparation of construction documents and bidding through October 1987, ground breaking in November 1987, and opening of the facility in July 1989. Preliminary design drawings and a specification document were submitted to CDB and HWRIC on February 2, 1987. A review meeting with CDB on February 13, 1987 led to approval of the preliminary design and authorization to begin preparation of bid documents. A presentation by the design team was made to Chancellor Everhart of the UI and his staff on February 24, 1987. Input from the UI, HWRIC staff, CDB and others continues to be reviewed, and where appropriate, incorporated into the design. HWRIC also undertook a nationwide search for a Laboratory Manager who would assist in planning the HML, and ultimately direct its daily operations. Three candidates were selected and interviewed in early April. It is hoped that the manager will start work by June first. FACILITY DESCRIPTION The Hazardous Materials Laboratory will house the present HWRIC staff and its five programs and will include expanded space for the library, clearinghouse, conference rooms, and computer facilities. These will be located in the administrative offices portion of the building. Eight other functional areas, and their net assignable square footage (NSF), are listed below and will be used for research and analytical chemistry (Fig. 15): 1. Receiving and Shipping - 4000 2. Screening Laboratory - 820 3. Biological Characterization - 468 4. Soil & Sediment Preparation - 454 48 5. Chemical Characterization - 4239 6. High Hazard Laboratory - 2000 7. Treatability Laboratory - 1470 8. Pilot Laboratory - 2034 Additional descriptions of the facility are included in the DENR design program document for the HML (EEI ej. a_i. 1986) and in the design document submitted in early February 1987. The description below is based on the document by EEI (1986). The Receiving and Shipping area is where all samples and supplies will be received and processed through the facility. General receiving will go to the left of the loading dock and hazardous materials, chemicals, and other supplies to the right. A drum storage area will be adjacent to the loading area. The Screening Laboratory will be a fully finished laboratory in which one to two people will conduct preliminary analysis to determine the general chemical composition of a sample, its degree of hazard, and appropriate subsequent handling. Higher hazard samples can be passed directly to the high hazard lab for further analysis. The High Hazard Lab is a highly specialized laboratory suite that includes four individual isolated laboratories connected by an internal corridor to a suite of dressing rooms, showers, and air-lock vestibules. In addition, one treatability lab will be in the high hazard section of the facility to allow room for bench-scale tests on more toxic or hazardous materials. The Treatability Labs will be multipurpose and will accommodate the set-up and operation of various bench-scale chemical, biological, and physical treatability tests. One treatability lab will be associated with the high hazard section, and the other will be used for lower hazard materials and tests. The Pilot Lab is a large, flexibly configured industrial space. It will have a 24 foot clear height ceiling, and a second floor balcony to allow work on taller equipment. This lab will have its own loading dock and door to receive large, custom fabricated assemblies. It will house scaled-up studies of treatment technologies or research projects that have shown promise at the bench-scale level. It is planned that at least three such experiments could be done concurrently in this lab. The Chemical Characterization Lab is a suite of spaces that will accommodate many instruments designed for a broad range of analytical activities. The wet chemistry labs will be preparation and analysis areas for low to medium hazard samples. The instrument labs will house specialized analytical equipment including GCMS/GC instrument lab (650 NSF), ICAP instrument lab (425 NSF) and Fourier - Transform IR instrument lab (425 NSF). The Soil and Sediment Preparation Lab is located off of the Shipping and Receiving Area and near the Screening Laboratory. It will handle such procedures as grinding soils and sediments, particle sizing, some core-logging, and air drying of samples. The Biological Laboratory is a finished lab for conducting biological research, primarily toxicity testing. It is envisioned that toxicity testing will be done on relatively small organisms. This area is not designed for toxicity testing on large animals. 49 LABORATORY OPERATIONS The HML is designed as a multiusc facility for research and analytical work on hazardous materials and toxic substances. HWRIC is planning to have a laboratory staff of eight to ten people, including a Laboratory Manager, Chief Organic Chemist, Chief Inorganic Chemist, Chemical Engineer, QA/QC & Safety Officer, Sample Custodian, and some technicians. This staff will perform some research directly for the Center and in many cases coordinate and support the research of others utilizing the laboratory facilities. It is planned that the facility will be utilized by researchers from universities, I he Scientific Surveys, consulting firms, and industry. The policies for using the lab and for coordinating its research activities arc being developed. In addition, procedures for sample handling and analysis, and safety protocols will be integral to the operation of the laboratory. These will be formalized over the next two years, before the facility becomes operational. The HML will be an excellent facility in which to conduct training. Certainly all researchers who will use the facility will be required to go through basic training for safety and operational procedures. Access within the facility will be limited by a card access system. The Sample Custodian will maintain up-to-date records of samples and will track samples from receiving through disposal or shipping. The QA/QC & Safety Officer will ensure that all laboratory analytical procedures are accurate and precise and that all safety procedures are being followed. SUPPORT OF HWRIC ACTIVITIES The following HWRIC activities will be supported and enhanced through research efforts at the HML. 1. Field Research Activities - Additional research is needed into the distribution of regulated and nonregulated toxic compounds in a variety of environmental media. Sampling, analysis, and remedial action methodologies must be developed, field tested, and proven to ensure that acute, as well as chronic exposure estimates arc well-founded. Data from these research efforts will help us better understand the significance and consequences of hazardous and toxic materials in air, soil, and water resources. 2. Laboratory Research Activities - The HML will provide the modern analytical equipment and safety features for the safe handling and analysis of samples of unknown, moderate, and high hazard. Research involving methods development for new detection procedures, and biological and chemical testing of hazardous substances will all be performed in this facility. 3. Waste Treatment Research Activities - Applied chemical and engineering research will be undertaken by HWRIC and/or through industrial supported research on the effectiveness of waste reduction and alternative treatment options for hazardous waste management. Engineering studies will be conducted on waste compatibility, concentration, and pretreatment needs for organic and metal recovery techniques. Methods of upgrading the recycle and resource recovery potential of high volume and hazardous waste streams will be investigated. Similarly, waste preparation techniques for solidification and combined physical, chemical, and biological waste treatment operations must be developed. Chemical research into waste characterization and analysis methodologies is needed where the techniques have 50 been demonstrated at bench or pilot scale, yet full implementation has been hampered by incomplete evaluation of energy and resource inputs, net efficiencies, or other data development constraints. Sampling methods for waste characterization, homogenization or separation prior to analysis needs to be developed. Generalized protocols for dealing with "unknowns" or waste streams that are variable in composition from a regulatory point of view demand more careful study. Technical Assistance Activities - The Industrial and Technical Assistance Program will work cooperatively with industrial trade groups and specific companies to promote more realistic waste management alternatives. Besides matching grant programs to conduct pilot studies at a particular plant site, other pilot and test programs can best be done in a sophisticated sample handling and analysis facility such as the HML. For example, electroplating and metal finishing operations can be encouraged to implement waste reduction or other disposal alternatives if the efficiency and effectiveness of these concepts can be demonstrated. IMPORTANCE OF THE HML TO ILLINOIS When HWRIC was created to focus the state's hazardous waste problem-solving activities in Illinois, it was determined that a Hazardous Materials Laboratory (HML) was essential to accomplish this. The major reasons this state facility is important to assessing and solving hazardous waste problems are as follows: - A new, modern laboratory facility, equipped with the proper analytical and safety equipment, is needed to analyze highly hazardous and complex waste in the state. Users would include regulatory agencies, industries, and researchers dealing with toxic wastes or unknown wastes that might be highly toxic. The. HML will also be an asset to the public, which is concerned about potential contamination in ground water and surface water. In the above cases, the laboratory would be used to handle, prepare, and analyze the waste in a safe manner. - Second, the laboratory would provide the space and equipment for researchers to perform experiments on toxic chemicals requiring controlled laboratory conditions. Such research might include the mode of transport of chemicals in soil and water, and toxicity tests involving various aquatic and terrestrial organisms. - Third, industry in the state has a great interest, both because of regulatory constraints and economic considerations, in finding better ways of reducing the amount of waste generated, and of recycling and detoxifying waste. The HML will provide the facilities where treatability and pilot studies can be cooperatively conducted to help solve some of these problems. Financing should come from all possible sources, including regulatory and industrial entities, contractors and equipment vendors, and others. In many cases, smaller companies could work together, with state support, to solve some of their hazardous waste problems by utilizing a facility such as the HML. Financial and technical support could be a cooperative effort between HWRIC and industry or their trade associations. - Fourth, basic research and educational presentations on the handling, analysis, and treatment of hazardous waste could be effectively and safely accomplished in the HML. The advantages of this facility to the state over an outside contractual laboratory arc many. Outside laboratories often get large batch jobs from USEPA or elsewhere and 51 have little control over the amount of samples they must handle. Most or all are already backlogged. What this means to the state is possibly poor quality control and long time delays in getting samples analyzed. No single contractual laboratory has the full range of capabilities planned for the HML, including field investigation, sample receiving and analysis, and treatment process development and demonstration. In addition, health and safety requirements in laboratories are becoming more stringent. Thus, the HML will be one of the few facilities in the state or Midwest with modern analytical equipment housed in a laboratory designed to meet the highest standards of health and safety. By having its own Hazardous Materials Laboratory, the state will have a facility that can - give priority to state problems in hazardous materials analysis and research; - pay particular attention to chain-of-custody and document controls that meet the state's needs; - provide the appropriate space for state (including university) scientists to conduct a wide range of basic and applied research; and - provide the flexible space needed for treatability and pilot studies and other larger- scale research projects. REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Besides its importance to the state of Illinois, the HML will provide a research facility of both regional and national significance. Located on the south campus of the UI, this facility will be readily accessible to scientists doing research on hazardous materials, both at the university and at the Scientific Surveys. It will be close to industries in Chicago, East St. Louis, Indianapolis, and elsewhere that presently have an interest in hazardous waste research. By the time the HML opens in July 1989, the Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center (HWRIC) will have been sponsoring research projects for about 5 years. State research funds totaling more than $5 million will have been obligated. HWRIC has defined the state's research needs in hazardous wastes and will have a program developed to maximize use of the HML when sophisticated laboratory facilities are needed for research. Because Illinois is one of the largest generators of hazardous waste in the nation, solutions developed here will have significance throughout the country. HWRIC is working with USEPA and other states, through the National Governors' Association, to ensure that Illinois' research program is also addressing problems of national interest. We are working to ensure that we do not duplicate efforts being done elsewhere and that projects of mutual interest can be conducted cooperatively. 52 IX. PAPERS/REPORTS Brookficld, Frank. 1986. "Geographic Information Systems." In Research Data Management in the Ecological Sciences , edited by William K. Michcner. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. Coltcn, Craig E. and Gerard Breen. 1986. Historical Industrial Waste Disposal Practices in Winnebago County. Illinois: 1870-1980. HWRIC Research Report 01 1. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, State Water Survey Division. Colten, Craig E. 1986. "Documenting Historical Hazardous Wastes: Problems and Prospects in Illinois." In Papers and Proceedings of the Applied Geography Conferences 9:104-13. Coltcn, Craig E. 1986. "Industrial Wastes in Southeast Chicago: Production and Disposal, 1879-1970." Environmental Review 10:93-106. Coltcn, Craig E. 1986. "Prehistoric Hazardous Wastes in the Calumet Region." Bulletin of the lllinoois Geographical Society 28:3-16. Doll, Frederick L. and D.L. Thomas. "The Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center's (HWRIC) Program for Waste Reduction in Illinois". Proceedings of DENR's Governor's Conference on Science and Technology; 1986 September 3; Chicago, IL. Springfield, IL: Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources. (1987) Doll, Frederick L. "Economic Feasibility of a Statewide Hydromctallurgical Recovery Facility - Discussion Paper." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Metal Spcciation. Separation and Recovery ; 1986 July 27-August 1; Chicago, IL. Chicago, IL: Illinois Institute of Technology. 1986:Viii-21 Garrison, Wendy J., Karen A. Marley, Richard A. Larson, et al. 1987. "Ozonolysis of Naphthalene Derivatives in Water and in Kerosene Films." Ozone Science and Engineering 9:23-36. Garrison, Wendy J. "Assigning a Degree of Hazard Ranking to Illinois Industrial Waste Streams. Ecotoxicology for Illinois: Establishing the Research Agenda: Proceedings of the Conference: 1986 May 15-16; Urbana, Illinois. Springfield, IL: Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. (1987). Garrison, Wendy J., Richard A. Larson and Karen A. Marley. 1986. "Preparation and Photoisomcrization of 2-Formylcinnamaldehydc in Solution." Tetrahedron Letters 27: 3987-3990. Kraybill, Daniel D. 1987. Illinois Small Quantity Generators Manual. How to Comply Effectively with State and Federal Regulations HWRIC TN87-002. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, State Water Survey Division. Kraybill, D. D., D.L. Thomas and G.D. Miller. "A Waste Reduction Program and Assessment of Current Status for Illinois." Proceedings of the National Conference on Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials: 1987 March 16-18; Washington, DC. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987:402-406. 53 Kraybill, Daniel D. 1986. "Slick Oil Talk," Industrial Materials Exchange Service Newsletter. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, June-July: 15-17. Mchnert, Edward, B. L. Hcrzog, B.R. Hensel, ct al. "Design of Groundwater Monitoring Systems: Hydrogcologic Considerations in Geotcchnical and Geohydrological Aspects of Waste Management". D.J. A. Van Zyl et al, eds. Proceedings of the Conference on Geotechnical and Geohydrological Aspects of Waste Management; 1987 February 4-6; Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers; 1987. Mehnert, E., and D.A. Kcefer, W.G. Dixon et al. "Geographic Information System (GIS) Application: Qualitative Analysis of the Impact of Land-Based disposal Facilities on Groundwater Resources. Abstract." 31st Annual Midwest Groundwater Conference. 1986 October 27-29. Mehnert, Edward, B.R. Hensel, B.L. Herzog, et al. "Evaluation of Groundwater Monitoring Programs at Hazardous Waste Sites in Illinois." Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Madison Waste Conference; Madison, WI. 1986:121-139. Mehnert, Edward, B.L. Herzog, B.R. Hensel, et al. "Evolution and Adequacy of Ground- Water Monitoring Networks at Hazardous Waste Disposal Facilites in Illinois." Proceedings of the Sixth National Symposium on Aquifer Restoration and Ground-Water Monitoring; 1986. Dublin, OH: National Water Well Association; 1986: 93-119. Mehnert, Edward, W.G.Dixon, B.R. Hensel, et al. 1986. The Development of the Illinois Statewide Inventory of Land-Based Disposal Sites . HWRIC Research Report 010. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, State Water Survey Division. Miller, Gary D., D.L. Thomas and D.D. Kraybill. "A Waste Reduction Program and Assessment of Current Status for Illinois." Proceedings of the National Conference on Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials. 1987 March 16-18; Washington, DC. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987:402-406. Miller, Gary D. "Conference Summary and Conclusions". Ecotoxicology for Illinois: Establishing the Research Agenda. Proceedings of the conference; 1986 May 15-16; Urbana, Illinois. Springfield, IL: Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. (1987). Miller, Gary D. "Establishing the Research Agenda: The DENR Perspective." Ecotoxicology for Illinois: Establishing the Research Agenda. Proceedings of the conference; 1986 May 15-16; Urbana, Illinois. Springfield, IL: Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. (1987). Miller, Gary D. (1987) "Biological Processes in Groundwater." In Chemistry of Ground Water edited by R. E. Rice. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. Miller, Gary D. (1987) "Organic Contaminant Behavior Processes in Groundwater." In Chemistry of Ground Water edited by R. E. Rice. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. Miller, Gary D. (1987.) "Organic Contamination in Groundwater." In Chemistry of Ground Water edited by R. E. Rice. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. 54 Miller, Gary D. and J. N. Jones. 1987. "Adsorption of Selected Organic Contaminants onto Possible Well Casing Materials", in Field Methods for Ground-Water Contamination Studies and Their Standardization. ASTM STP 963. edited by A. G. Collins and A. I. Johnson. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials. Miller, Gary D. and B. Mahadevaiah. "Application of Microcosm Technology to Study the Biodegradation Potential of a Subsurface Alluvial Material Exposed to Seleted Petroleum Hydrocarbons". Proceedings of the Sixth National Symposium and Exhibition on Aquifer Restoration and Ground Water Monitoring : 1986 May 22; Columbus, OH. Dublin, OH: National Water Well Association, 1986. Perry, Lance G. 1987 "Illinois Component of the National Wetlands Inventory." Illinois Natural History Survey Reports No. 264. Champaign, IL: Illinois Natural History Survey. Ross, Philippe E. and M. Munawar. "Zooplankton Grazing at Off-Shore Stations in the North American Great Lakes." Ergebnisse der Limnologie. In press. Ross, P.E., and M. Munawar. "Zooplankton filtration rates in Lake Huron, Georgian Bay and North Channel." Hvdrobiologia. In press. Ross, P.E. "Contaminated lake sediments." Ecotoxicology for Illinois": Establishing the Research Agenda: Proceedings of the conference; 1986 May 15-16; Urbana, Illinois. Springfield, IL: Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. (1987). Ross, P.E., L. Martin, and B. Pinel-Alloul. "Variations Saisonnicrcs dc la Structure Dimcnsionnelle du Taxoccne des Crustacees Planctoniques du Lac Cromwell, Quebec." Canadian Journal of Zoology . In press. Ross, P.E., J.M. Kamin, L.C. Burnett and J.J. Frick. 1986. Summary of Toxicological Data for Aauatic Organisms of Illinois. HWRIC RR 009. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, Illinois State Water Survey Division. Ross, Philippe E., M. Munawar, and I.F. Munawar. "Differential Sensitivity of Natural Phytoplankton Size Assemblages to Metal Mixture Toxicity." Ergebnisse der Limnologie. In press. Ross, Philippe E., L. Champoux, V. Jarry, et al. 1986. "Liberation par Elutriation des Cotaminants des Sediments du Lac St. Louis (Fleuve St. Laurent, Quebec)" Rev. Int. Sci. Eau 2(4): 95-107. Schock, S.C., A.M. Johnson, J. Rose, ct al. 1987. RCRA Monitoring Database Development Project. ISWSCR417. Champaign, IL: Illinois State Water Survey Division. Schock, Susan C, T.J. Kilgore, M.E.Stovcr, et al. 1986. Enhancement of the HWRIC Database. 1986. HWRIC RR 012. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, Illinois State Water Survey Division. Thomas, David L., G.D. Miller, D.D. Kraybill. "A Waste Reduction Program and Assessment of Current Status for Illinois." Proceedings of the National Conference on Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials : 1987 March 16-18; Washington, DC. Washington, DC: 55 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987:402-406. Thomas, David L. "Welcome and Introduction". Ecotoxicoloev Tor Illinois: Establishing the Research Agenda : proceedings of the conference; 1986 May 15-16; Urbana, Illinois. Springfield, IL: Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. (1987). Thomas, D.L. and F.L. Doll. "The Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center's (HWRIC) Program for Waste Reduction in Illinois". Proceedings of DENR's Governor's Conference on Science and Technology; 1986 September 3; Chicago, IL. Springfield, IL: Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources. (1987) 56 REFERENCES CITED Barcelona, M. J. 1984. Hazardous Materials Laboratory Feasibility Study. SWS/HWRIC Report 002. Champaign, IL.: Hazardous Waste Reseach and Information Center, State Water Survey Division, p. 36. Environmental Improvement and Energy Resources Authority. 1985. Analysis of Hazardous Waste Generation and Management bv Small Generators and Households in the State of Missouri. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri State Environmental Improvement and Energy Resources Authority and the Environmental Resources Management Group. Envirodync Engineers, Inc., Holabird and Root, and S. M. Altay and Assoc. 1986. DENR Design Program: Hazardous Materials Laboratory for the State of Illinois. CDB Project No. 244.080.003. Springfield, IL: Capital Development Board, p. 97. Geiser, K. 1983. "Source Reduction." In The Toxics Crisis: What the State Should Do. Edited by J. Tryens. Conference on Alternative and Local Policies. Washington, DC. Ginsburg, R. and S. E. Jerabek. 1985. Gaps in the Cradle-to-Grave "Safety Net": Towards a Regional Hazardous Waste Management Plan for the Midwest. Chicago: Citizens for a Better Environment. Hcndrix, G. A. and W. L. Yocum. 1984. Small Quantities of Hazardous Wastes Generated bv Agriculture in Arenac. Bay. Huron, and Tuscola Counties, Michigan. Saginaw, MI: East Central Michigan Planning and Development Region. HWRIC. 1986. Annual Report. May 1. 1985 - April 30. 1986. HWRIC 86-008. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, Department of Energy and Natural Resources. Illinois Auditor General. 1987. Management and Program Audit of the State's Laboratory Services. Springfield, IL: Office of the Auditor General. Kraybill, D. D. 1987. Small Quantity Generators' Manual. How to Comply Effectively with Federal and State Regulations. HWRIC TN87-002. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. Office of Technology Assessment. 1986. Serious Reduction of Hazardous Waste for Pollution Prevention and Industrial Efficiency. Washington, DC: The Office. Plcwa, M., R. Mincar, P. Dowd, ct al. 1986. Assigning a Degree of Hazard Ranking to Illinois Waste Streams. HWRIC RR 013. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. Raghavan, R. 1985. Statewide Hazardous Waste Generator Study. HWRIC RR 002. Champaign, IL: Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, State Water Survey Division, Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. Rcddy, K. R. 1985. Special Waste Categorization Study. HWRIC RR 005. Champaign, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, State Water Survey Division. 57 Schock, S. C, T. J. Kilgore, M. E. Stover, ct al. 1986. Enhancement of the HWRIC Database. 1986. HWRIC RR 012. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. Schock, S. C. et al. 1985. Initiation of Hazardous Waste Research and Information Database. HWRIC RR 006. Champaign, IL: Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, State Water Survey Division, Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. Thomas, D. L. 1986. Program Plan for FY'87. HWRIC 87-009. Savoy, IL: Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center. Thomas, D. L., G. D. Miller, and D. D. Kraybill. 1987. "A Waste Reduction Program and Assessment of Current Status for Illinois." Proceedings of the National Conference on Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials. 1987 March 16-18; Washington, DC. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency, p. 402-406. Thompson, James R. 1984. "Chemical Safety Research Initiative." Special message to the Honorable Members of the 83rd General Assembly. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Minimization of Hazardous Waste. Executive Summary and Fact Sheet. Report to Congress. Washington, DC: The Agency. U.S. General Accounting Office. 1986. EPA Has Made Limited Progress in Determining the Waste to be Regulated. GAO/RCED 87-27. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation and Tourism, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, DC: The Office. U.S. General Accounting Office. 1985. EPA's Inventory of Potential Hazardous Waste Sites is Incomplete. Report bv the Comptroller General of the United States. GAO/RCED-85-75. Washington, DC: The Office. "Waste Reduction Conference Focuses on Financial, Regulatory Incentives." Hazardous Waste Report. Rockville, NY: Aspen System Corporation. 1986:8(9). 58 TABLES TABLE 1. SCHEDULE FOR PROPOSAL/RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT - FY' 88 Date Activity October - December, 1986 Development of research projects for solicitation. Input from Research Advisory Committee, Pis, other contacts and preproposals. January 12, 1987 Publication of RFPs and distribu- tion of general solicitation. February 23, 1987 Full proposals due. February 23-27, 1987 Internal organization and RAC comment . March 2-31, 1987 External review period (30 days) April 20, 1987 Overview of review with RAC. April 27 - May 22, 1987 Governing Board review. June 1, 1987 July 1, 1987 Contracts prepared and submitted Contracts begin. 60 Table 2. RESEARCH SEMINARS HELD DURING FY' 87 Sept. 22 , 1986 - Sue Schock, SWS "HWRIC Date Base Enhancement: What's It All About?" Oct. 17, 1986 - Howard Learner, EPI-"Waste Minimization in Europe. " Oct. 22, 1986 - Adrian Visocky, SGS "An overview of Under- ground Injection of Industrial Wastes." Nov. 7, 1986 - Richard Larson, IES "Photo destruction of Xenobiotics: Hazardous Waste Applications." Jan. 16, 1987 - Michael Barcelona, SWS - "Overview of Ground- water Sampling Materials Issues." Feb. 27, 1987 - Rex Hess, Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois "Acute Exposure and Temporal Analysis in Male Reproductive Toxicology." Mar. 27, 1987 - Beverly Herzog, SGS - "Wilsonville Landfill: Historical Perspectives and Current Research." April 24, 1987 - Bruno Risatti, SGS "PCB Concentration and Microbial Activity in Anaerobic Sediments at Waukegan Harbor." bl ■P u U U Q) CM VD O in ^ rH CO r* '* H O Xj O O rH o o o O O rH PS CXi g^ O O O o o o o o o 3 Q) 3 5 PS 2; g g g g g g g gg 1—1 ■p 0) a> 0) Q CO i— i CO CO -P -P -P -P -P -P -P -p Ch <-{ a> 3 0) 0) 0) 0) a> a) Q) 0) 0) rH r-\ fd rH +JH+J rH rH rH rH rH rH rH f0 3 fd ft fd & a a a & a tt C 0) c • -p e q 6 £ g g g g g-H c c tP CO o O O o o o o O Pl, p <: 3 u U u o u u u U t-i ho --■ < < s~ — ^ ^-^ cu f \ fd c3 X X ) g PS g -H ■P C W fd as X X X -P Cu n XI w 3 ,/■ V •- — v. y^ V s — > v y — v. s- — \ s V x""~ *v W <: f X r w r > ,f \ i f \ i r \ f \ /^\ c3 ( * J 1 x )( X )[x ) X ) x ) x ) x ) o vL/ C/ V *S-> 'vL J y o O/ \U w fd*" >i CU Xi a) u a CT c 10 >i < fd C o a> fd 73 u 73 •H -H -p xi 3 -p & C M -p to i C rH tn fd c c g 09 ^ fd f-\ >H & o fd fd 3 C -H o fd CU S-P -P Q) O O -p -P 73 rH CO c ■P 73 -H c N X! 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SELECTED HWRIC LIBRARY HOLDINGS GENERAL REFERENCE CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc. , 1986. Illinois Industrial Directory . Twinsburg, OH: Harris Publishing, Co., 1986. Illinois Farm Chemicals Handbook . Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1986. The United States Government Manual . National Archives and Records Administration, 1986. REGULATORY INFORMATION Code of Federal Regulations . Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1986. Illinois Administrative Code . Springfield, IL: Office of the Secretary of State, 1985. Environment Reporter . Washington, DC: The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (Looseleaf service, updated weekly.) CHEMICALS AND CHEMISTRY Environmental Health Chemistry: The Chemistry of Environmental Agents as Potential Human Hazards. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1981. Cutting Chemical Wastes: What 29 organic chemical plants are doing to reduce hazardous wastes. New York: INFORM, 1985. CHRIS: Hazardous Chemical Data. Washington: U.S. Coast Guard, 1984. FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS From IEPA, USEPA, NTIS, USGAO, and NTIS. HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE Household Hazardous Waste: Solving the Disposal Dilemma . Sacramento, CA: Golden Empire Health Planning Center, 1984. A Survey of Household Hazardous Wastes and Related Collection Programs. Washington, DC: US EPA, 1986. 67 TABLE 6. Continued SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS National Small Quantity Hazardous Waste Generator Survey . Springfield, VA: NTIS, 1985. Understanding the Small Quantity Generator Hazardous Waste Rules. A Handbook for Small Business. Washington, DC: USEPA, 1986. INCINERATION Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment for Liquid Organic Hazardous Wastes . Washington, DC: USEPA, 1985. Costs for Hazardous Waste Incineration: Capital. Operation and Maintenance . Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Pubs., 1985. TOXICOLOGY Aquatic toxicology . New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1983. Comparative Toxicology of Laboratory Organisms for Assessing Hazardous Sites . Washington: US EPA, 1985. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES Centralized Waste Treatment of Industrial Wastewater. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publishers, 1985. Reference Guide for Industrial Wastewater . Springfield, VA: Corps of Engineers, 1985. 68 TABLE 7. SELECTED DATA BASES AVAILABLE THROUGH DIALOG Agrochemicals Handbook . A new data base that provides data on 500 of the world's most important agrochemicals. Information is drawn primarily from literature of pesticide manufacturers . Biosis Previews . Comprehensive coverage of worldwide research in the life sciences. Presents bibliographic citations from over 9,000 primary journals and monographs. CA Search . Broad coverage of the literature of chemistry and its application as it appears in the printed Chemical Abstracts , but with the improved precision and speed of computer searching. Chemical Regulations and Guidelines System . An index to U.S. federal regulatory material relating to the control of chemical substances covering federal statutes, promulgated regulations, and available federal guidelines, standards, and support documents. Compendex . Online version of Engineering Index . Provides abstracted information from the world's significant engineering and technological literature. Computer Database . Contains abstracts from many sources of information including journals, proceedings, and business books covering almost every aspect of computers, telecommunications, and electronics. Enviroline . Comprehensive, interdisciplinary indexing and abstracting of the world's environmental information provided by 5,000 international primary and secondary publications reporting on all aspects of the environment. Inspec . The largest English-language data base in the fields of physics, electrotechnology, computers, and information technology. Pollution Abstracts . A leading resource for references to environmentally related literature on pollution, its sources, and control . 69 TABLE 8. SELECTED DATA BASE AVAILABLE THROUGH MEDLARS Chemline. A dictionary of over 650,000 chemical substances providing information such as registry numbers from Chemical Abstract Service, molecular formulas, generic names, and where applicable, ring information. RTECS Contains toxicity data for more than 70,000 substances providing a single source for basic toxicity information. Can be searched by chemical identifiers, type of effect, or other criteria. TOXLINE . Bibliographic citations covering the toxicological, pharmacological, biochemical, and physiologic effects of drugs and other chemicals. TOXNET . A computerized system of toxicologically oriented data reviewed, edited, and evaluated scientifically. Contains information related to the environment, emergency situations, safety and handling, and regulatory issues for over 4100 chemicals. In addition, information on carcinogenicity, tumor promotion, and mutagenicity test results for over 1000 chemicals is available. 70 TABLE 9. DATA BASE OBJECTIVES - Assess the past and present quantity and types of hazardous wastes generated and currently disposed of in Illinois. - Provide a referral service for hazardous waste assistance and services at the state and federal levels. - Assemble an engineering data base on current and developing hazardous waste treatment, recycling, and management technologies. - Provide projections of expected waste types and amounts from past trends and types of products produced in Illinois. - Determine differences between estimated waste generation and the amount manifested for off -site treatment. - Perform literature searches of hazardous waste research and other information in publications. - Track samples as they are processed in the Hazardous Materials Laboratory. - Develop various simulation models, including ones assessing economic issues associated with hazardous waste management, transport, and fate of hazardous wastes in the environment, and statewide hazardous waste management. - Inventory of environmental information on state hazardous waste sites and various media such as water, land, and air. - Identify possible sources of environmental and health risks from exposure to hazardous wastes. - Identify public water supplies that are in close proximity to hazardous waste sites or draw water from an aquifer that is threatened by hazardous wastes. - Account for hazardous wastes that are generated outside of Illinois and are treated, stored, or disposed of in the state. - Maintain current information on toxicological and environmental effects of hazardous wastes and their constituents. - Access detailed information on specific hazardous wastes related to chemical properties, incompatibilities, personnel protection, symptoms of exposure, leak and spill procedures, disposal methods, and regulatory status. 71 TABLE 10. DATA DEVELOPMENT AND ENHANCEMENT PROJECTS Purpose/Functional Element Projects Build and Assess the Data Base Defining the Degree-of- Hazard of Specific Wastes: Initiation of Potentially Hazardous-Waste-Related Inventory. Statewide Hazardous Waste Generation Study. Enhancement of the potentially Hazardous Waste-Related Activities Inventory. Statewide Landfill Inventory. Evaluation of Current ground Injection of Industrial Waste in Illinois. Historical Waste Generation and Disposal Practices. Industrial Wastes in the Area, 1869-1970: An Historical Geography. Historical Patterns of Hazardous Waste Management: Winnebago County 1870-1980. Historical Assessment of Hazardous Waste Management in St. Clair and Madison Counties, Illinois: 1890-1980. Development of Hazardous Waste Management Model for Illinois. Enhancement of the Hazardous Waste-Related Activities Inventory. Special Waste Categorization Study. 72 Table 10. Continued Environmental Monitoring and Acquisition: Assemble Engineering Data Base on Technologies and Practices: Toxicological and Environ- mental Effects from Hazardous Wastes: . Determining the Degree-of- Hazard of Waste Streams in Illinois. . Refining the Degree of Hazard Methodology . Organics in Fine Grained Data Materials at Wilsonville, Illinois. . Atmospheric Research and Monitoring Study of Hazardous Substances. . Regional Ground Water Quality Characterization of the Rockford Area, Illinois. . Feasibility of a Central Recovery Facility for the Metal Finishing Industry in Cook County (Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago) . . Feasibility of Ion-Exchange as an Appropriate Self- contained Waste Minimization Process for the Electroplating Industry. . Summary of Toxicological Data for Aquatic Organisms of Illinois. Assessment of Ecotoxicological Hazard of Waukegan Harbor Sediments. Assessment of Environmental Hazard in Lake Calumet Environmental Transport of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes Levels of PCBs and Trace Metals in Crab Orchard Lake Sediment and Biota. Ground Water Impact and Fate Assessment of Contain- ment Migration Through Typical Surficial Geologic Sequences in Illinois. 73 TABLE 11. HWRIC DATA BASE SOURCE FILES DATA SOURCE/File name Date Received IEPA Selected Inventory 11/08/84 Update 11/08/85 Update 2/10/87 1982 Annual Hazardous Waste Report 11/08/84 1983 Annual Hazardous Waste Report 11/08/84 1984 Annual Hazardous Waste Report 11/08/85 1985 Annual Hazardous Waste Report 2/10/87 Waste Disposal Application Master 12/28/84 Update 11/08/85 Update 2/10/87 Generic Waste Stream Master 12/28/84 Manifest History 1982 12/28/84 Manifest History 1983 12/28/84 Manifest History 1984 11/08/85 Manifest History 1985 2/10/87 Water Quality Standards Master 11/08/84 Update 2/10/87 Water Quality Analysis Master 11/08/84 Update 11/08/85 Update 2/10/87 Permit Conditions Master 11/08/84 Update 2/10/87 NTIS RCRA Update CERCLA (Superfund) Update 10/18/84 1/15/86 09/01/84 12/15/86 USEPA Surface Impoundment Assessment GCMSD Greater Chicago Metropolitan Sanitary District DUN & BRADSTREET, Inc. Dun's Market Identifiers 10/19/84 10/15/84 04/15/85 74 TABLE 12. HWRIC DATA BASE FILE DESCRIPTIONS File Name Selected Inventory Annual Hazardous Waste Report Waste Disposal Application Master Description List of facilities regulated by IEPA with name, address, and activity information. Information on RCRA hazardous, waste sources, amounts, handling and disposal methods. Information submitted by TSD facilities in request of a permit to dispose of wastes from a specific generator, including projected quantities, waste types, and characteristics. Generic Waste Stream Master Manifest History Water Quality Standards Master Water Quality Anaylsis Master Permit Conditions Master RCRA CERCLA Information submitted in request of a disposal permit for wastes from multiple (generic) generators. Records of chain-of-custody for wastes from source to destination. Quality criteria for drinking water and standards for general uses. Water quality data from ground- water and surface water monitor- ing at RCRA sites. Site information and reporting requirements for waste disposal sites that must monitor local groundwater quality. Generator, Transporter, and TSD facility information on hazard- ous waste activities, including waste types, handling, and transportation modes. Information on sites where haz- ardous substances were stored, treated, or disposed, with waste types and amounts. 75 Table 12. Continued Surface Impoundment Assessment Greater Chicago Metropolitan Sanitary District Dun's Market Identifiers Locations, physical and operational features of all surface impoundments as of 1978 List of facilities that discharge waste into the Chicago sanitary sewer system, with locational and activity information. Businesses that have requested a credit rating through Dun and Bradstreet, including name, address, and activity. 76 TABLE 13. HWRIC DATA BASE FILE CONTENT FILE CONTENT FILE NAME Selected Inventory Annual Haz. Waste Rpt. (1982-85) Waste Disposal Application Master Generic Waste Stream Master Manifest History (1982-85) Water Quality Standards Master Water Quality Analysis Master Permit Conditions Master RCRA CERCLA (Superfund) Surface Impoundment Assessment Greater Chicago Metropolitan Sanitary District Dun's Market Identifiers 0) •u 1-1 O (X w C tO u H c o •H ■P (0 (J ■H IN •H ■P C 01 X X X X X X X X X X X c o (0 o o x: a o -p -H > •H ■P O < (A U •H +J en •H M 1000 kgs mo 1984 Christ Community Hospital Hazardous waste <1000 kgs mo. 1984 Augustana Hospital " " Cremation Services Inc Special Waste American Incineration Inc " " Goose Island Municaple incenerator no Special waste McKesson Envirosystems Miss-coded in Waste Disposal Master Envirothem " ■ US Drum Disposal Incenerator 1980-1981 some Hazardous waste now a landfill USEPA Handling Codes for Thermal Treatment T06 Liquid injection incinerator T07 Rotary kiln incinerator T08 Fluidized bed incinerator T09 Multiple hearth incinerator T10 Infrared furnace incinerator Til Molten salt destructor T12 Pyrolysis T13 Wet Air oxidation T14 Calcination T15 Microwave discharge T16 Cement kiln T17 Lime kiln T18 Other (specify) 79 FIGURES Information Services Coordinator Christina Komadina Librarian Anita D. Johnson (half time) CENTER DIRECTOR David L. Thomas, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Gary D. Miller Fiscal and Administrative Officer Lynda L. Warren Industrial and Technical Assistance Coordinator Frederick L. Doll — c= Administrative Assistant Katherine M. Day Clerk/Typists Vicki S. Mumm Betty Stites (Hourly) Laboratory Services Manager Research Program Coordinator Gary D. Miller Information Specialist L. Eschenlohr (half time) 1 Assistant Engineer Daniel Kraybill Research Scientists Wendy J. Garrison Craig E. Colten Data Management Specialists Frank Brookfield Lance Perry * These positions will be filled in FY '87 HWRIC MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE FOR FY '87 IIWRIC is administered by I he Illinois State Water Survey Division of the Department of Energy and Natural Resources FIGURE 1. HWRIC Management Structure for FY' 87 81 DENR Board of Natural Resources and Conservation Director Policy & Program Governing Board SWS Chief, Chairman SGS Chief NHS Chief Museum Director EEA Director Ex-officio members: Director or Designee from DENR HWRIC Director Internal Research Advisory Committee HWRIC Director Assistant Director Program Advisory Panel FIGURE 2. Administrative Structure of HWRIC 82 POLICY CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT WASTE REDUCTION 1 r r ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS RISK ASSESMENT AND POLICY ANALYSIS \ TREATMENT, DISPOSAL & REMEDIATION ENVIRONMENTAL^ EFFECTS 1 FIGURE 3. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HWRIC'S FIVE RESEARCH AREAS AND POLICY MAKING. 83 Proposal Solicitation Unsolicited Proposals HWRIC Review by HWRIC Staff Internal Research Advisory Committee External Peer Review Rejected Proposals HWRIC (Prepares Contractor Request) ENR (Prepares Boiler Plate & issues letters of intent to other state agencies) Contractor (for signature) ENR (for submittal to Governor's office) Governor's Office (for approval) ENR (Director's Signature) HWRIC (For Filing with Comptroller) Contractor (To initiate Project) FIGURE 4 . Flow chart for Proposals & Contracts 84 Waukegan Harbor Fate of PCBs Cook County Feasibility of a metals recovery facility Calumet 100-year history of waste disposal Lakes Bioominqton & Evergreen XX/ty Potential for surface water contamination CA EXPLANATION Assessment of underground injection of industrial wastes - all permitted Class I wells. Verification of industrial site history of all hazardous waste generators. Lakes Marion & Dab Orchard Potential for surface water contamination Inventory of landfills was conducted in every county of the State. FIGURE 5. HWRIC Field Studies, Completed 85 Waukegan Harbor t ■r Chemical analyses" EXPLANATION Assessment of underground injection of industrial wastes • all permitted Class I wells. Ambient air quality' monitoring Use of pesticide* contaminated soils 1) Air quality monitoring" 2) Environmental fate* of pollutants Hydraulic effects of underground injection Verification of industrial site history y^, of all hazardous waste generators. (FY '87) Assessment of contaminants" in biota Inventory of landfills was conducted in every county of the State. •Initiated FY '87 "Continuations FIGURE 6. HWRIC Field Studies, Initiated in FY'87 and Continuing Projects 86 0) o CO I I— I (ft 1 — ' rt > I I — I fl o H E-« U ^ GO O o -t-i d 00 u CO CD O) - s in IT) en o CO in c\i o C\2 in in FIGURE 7. ITA Activities - Instances of Technical Assistance 87 - CVJ o CO o C\J o o o o 00 o o CO o in o o CO o cu FIGURE 8. ITA Activities - Types of Assistance 88 Key to Figure 8 TYPE OF ASSISTANCE 1. Information on Existing Regulations 2. Information on HWRIC Programs 3 . Information on New Regulations 4. Reference to Disposal Firms 5. Reference to Consultants or Laboratories 6. Reference to Equipment Vendors 7. Reference to Industrial Materials Exchange Service (IMES) 8. Direct Technical Assistance 9. On-site Consultation 10. Information on Waste Reduction & Minimization 11. Information on Alternative Technologies 12. Information on Right-To-Know (RTK) 13. Recordkeeping 14. Hazardous Materials 15. Training 16. Other 89 m w i— i > * o CO — — S= CO