fZeiN THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Lectures on High School Organization AND Administration URBANA, ILLINOIS PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 1901 The person charging- this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN Hi m 4 1987 MAY 1 1 , 9 „ 7 NSV 1 7 198' ION L161— O-1096 iyui Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/lecturesonhighscOOuniv LECTURES ON HIGH SCHOOL ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION DELIVERED AT THE UNIVERSITY OE ILLINOIS DURING THE FIRST SEMESTER 1901-2 UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION URBANA, ILLINOIS 1901 STATEMENT It has always been the plan of the University of Illinois to give its students, as far as possible, the bene- fits which come from personal contact with men of cul- ture and wide experience, from outside its own faculty. The course of lectures here announced has that aim in view. It is especially intended for students of the De- partment of Education, and it is believed that all will wish to attend. The lectures will be delivered on Friday afternoons at 4:00, in the Physics Lecture Room, Engi- neering - Hall. They are open to students and friends of the University without registration. Copies of this announcement may bo had by addressing Edwin G. Dexter, Ti Prnfocsnrnf TT.rliim tinti . TTrViann. T11_ Ph.D., Professor of Education, Urbana, 111. 3 LECTURES ON HIGH SCHOOL ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION. Problems of Administration in Large High Schools. October 4 J. E. Armstrong, Principal Englewood High School, Chicago, 111. Some Social Aspects of Education October 1 1 J. H. Collins, Superintendent of Schools, Spring-field, 111. Township High Schools. October 18 H. L. Boltwood, Principal of Township High School, Evanston, 111. State Aid to the High School. October 25 Hon. Alfred Bayliss, State Super- intendent of Public Instruction, Spring-field, 111. ElEctives in the High School. November 1 A. F. Nightingale, Chicago, 111. Commercial Courses in the High School. November 8 E.G.Cooley, Superintendent of Schools^ Chicago, 111. The Future of the Public High School. November 15 J. Stanley Brown, Principal of Town- ship High School, Joliet, 111. The Adolescent Period in Boys. November 22 J. K. Stableton, Superintendent of Schools, Bloomington, 111. School Sanitation and Decoration. December 6 OrvillE T. Bright, County Superin- tendent of Schools, Chicago, 111. Conservatism in High School Electives. December 13 J. J. Wilkinson, Superintendent of Schools, Mattoon, 111. PROBLEMS OF ADMINISTRATION IN LARGE HIGH SCHOOLS. Prin. J. E. Armstrong. October 4. I. Introduction. 1. Origin of the high school. 2. Relation to college and grammar school. 3. How regarded by tax payers. 4. The high school an old institution under a new name. 5. Peoples colleges. 6. Their aim-scholarship, citizenship, charac- ter. II. The program of recitations and studies. 1. Consecutive and alternating studies. 2. Study periods, direction of, time, regularity, the study habit, home study. 3. Laboratory work, length of periods, neat- ness and order. 4. Assignment of work to teachers, number of subjects, hours per week, size of classes, distribution of work other than teaching, office work. III. The opening exercises, religious, current topics, musical; how announcements and regulations should be given. IV. Discipline. 1. Is it a means or an end in itself ? 2. Rules, order in passing, whispering, compa- rison with order in a church or theatre. 3. How far should teachers attend to their own cases of discipline and what cases should be sent to the office ? 4. Deportment marks, confusion by deducting from scholarship for bad deportment. 5. Error system. 6. Self government. 1. What is claimed for it. 2. What is demanded of those who exer- cise authority ? 3. Is obedience a virtue ? 4. In order to promote self government is it necessary to introduce the ma- chinery of political life ? V. Tbe recitation, its importance need of absolute atten- tion, enthusiasm, freedom, method of question- ing, marking- system, whispering-, length of the lesson. IV. Supervision. 1. Should the Principal teach while visiting? 2. Criticising- teachers, making- notes, teach- ers' meeting-s, discussions, reports on vis- its to other schools. VII. Reports to parents, report cards, failure reports, teachers' reports on failure to principal, confer- ence with parents concerning failures, treat- ment of pupils. VIII. Grading-, effect on scholarship, how it differs with that in colleg-e and grammar schools, demo- tions. IX. Records, how made mDst useful to all concerned, finding lists and card directory of pupils and teachers. X. Athletics, need of exercise, gymnasium, correcting" physical defects, field sports, foot-ball, need of regulation and control. XI. General care of the school building as to sanitary conditions, comfort, light, heat, ventilation, eyesight and hearing. XII. Voluntary organizations, literary societies, art clubs, musical clubs, athletic associations, secret societies, amusements, matrimony; relation of the school to each. XIII. The spirit of the school. The school a micro- cosm. Loyalty, patriotism, devotion; how can all these be attained? The spirit of the school can do all this, but all these have to do with the spirit of the school. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Baldwin, J. Art of school management, p. 123-201. Biedenbach, C. L. High school discipline. School Review t 4:228- 31, April, 1896. Denfield R. E. Discipline in high school. N. E. A. 1892 : 341-348. Fitzpatrick, F. A. How to improve the work of inefficient teachers. N. E. A. 1893 : 71-78. Gilbert, C. B. Ethics of school management N. E. A. 1888 : 528- 541. Gove, Aaron. How to test the quality of a teacher's work. N. E. A 1895 : 222-232. Howland, Geo. The recitation. N. E. A. 1889 : 241-253. Hughes, Miss E. P. The professional training of teachers for sec- ondary schools. N. E. A. 1893 : 217-224. Huhling, R. G. Discipline iu high school. Academy (Syracuse), 3:101. Lynch, Charles P. Is it true that the most defective part of educa- tion in this covntry is in the secondary schools ? N. E. A. 1894:745-751. Nightingale, A. F. The high school. N. E. A., 1889 '■ 501-506. Preparation of teachers for secondary schools. School Review, 4:129, March, 1896. N. E. A. Committee of fifteen. Bureau of Education report. 1893- 94, 1:472-487. O'Shea, M. V. The training of high school teachers. N. E. A., 1898: 709-716. Pickard, J. L. The high school. Education, 3:158-163, Nov. 1882. Sabin, H. The training of teachers. Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1899-90,2:1177. Also 1890-91,2:1875. Scudder, N. T. The ideal teacher. School Review, 1899. Storm, A. V. Discipline as the result of self-government. N. E. A. 1894:764-772. Tetlow, J. High school principal ; his rights, duties and opportuni- ties. Educational Review, 17:227-236, March, 1899. Tompkins, Arnold. Philosophy of school management. Wiggins, B. L. Forms of discipline and discipline of forms. N. E. A., 1890:96-107. SOME SOCIAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATION. Supt. J. H. Collins. October 11. 1. The American public school is an institution closely related to the progress of the American people. 2. It reaches all classes as no other institution can. 3. It trains for citizenship — it is a necessity in a democratic g-overnment. 4. The marked chang-es that have taken place in our country during* the latter half of century closed. 5. The wonderful progress made of recent years in science and in the application of scientific discoveries. 6. The growth of cities. 7. The movement from country to city. 8. The chang-es in the mode of living-. 9. The marked chang-es in the method of doing the world's work. 10. Fewer opportunities for the proper employment 8 of children and youth in the modern home, especially in cities. 11. Some of the advantages that children had in the old-time country home, as well as some of the disad- vantages. 12. Much of the work carried on in the old-time country home, contributed to the making- of strong- men and women. 13. The home life of many children of to-day is too artificial — much of value that belonged to the home of forty years ago is lacking in the modern home. 14. The necessity of training children to use their hands — to produce something — to bear a share of the responsibility of providing a living. 15. Course of study must be made to provide for the deficiencies of modern home life. 16. The course of study must provide for training in physical activity, motor experience and sense training. 17. Motor training is needed for its moral and social effects. 18. The value of manual training. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Burk, Frederick. From fundamental to accessory in the develop- ment of the nervous system and of movements. Pedagogical Seminary, 6:5-64. Oct. 1898. Barnes, Earl. The pupil as a social factor. N. E. A., 1896:184-189. Butler, N. M. Democracy and education. N. E. A., 1896:86-95. Ibid, Educational Review, 12:120-132. Sept. 1896. tj^m^L T?o ai \, How can our schools best prepare law-abiding ??ifS ] r\?\ \ ^d law-respecting citizens. N. E. A., Atkinson, Geo. H. f t qqq. t ,v> ^a Tweed, B. F. J 1888.102-124. Bryce, James. The teaching of civic duty. Forum, 15: 552-556. July, 1893. Ibid, Educational Review, 6: 167-183. Sept. 1893. Bishop, J. Remsen. The high school as a training place for citizen- ship. N. E. A., 1897: 696-699. Cassidy, M. A. Home and school. Education, 19: 535-543. May, 1809. Curry, J. L. M. Citizenship and education. N. E. A., 1884: 4-16. Ibid, Education, 5: 78-90. Sept. 1884. Coman, Katharine. Preparation for . citizenship. Education. 10: 341-347- Feb. 1890. Clark, J. B. Preparation for citizenship. Education, 9: 403-407. Feb. 1889. Dewey, John. School and society. Dunton. Social phases of education. Dutton, S. T. Educational resources of the community. Educa- tional Review, 21: 17-25. Jan. 1901. Relation of education to vocation. Educational Re- view, 12: 335-347. Nov. 1896. The correlation of educational forces in the commu- nity. Educational Review, 13: 334-347. April, 1897. Ibid, N. E.A., 1897:238-247. Eaton, John. Education and the building of the state. N. E. A., 1 881: 29-43. Folwell, William F. The civic education. Abstracts. N. E. A., 1884: 261-270. Grant, George M. The influence of the school, nationally and inter- nationally. N. E. A., 1891: 244-254. Gregory, B. C. Social co-operation. N. E. A., 1898: 655-663. Grisham, G. N. The proper education of an American citizen. N. E. A., 1898: 272-276. Golding, Janis T. Education of the citizens. Education, 19:508-509. April, 1899. Gould. E. P. The Massachusetts society for promoting good citi- zenship. Education, 9: 552-554. April, 1889. Hancock, John A. The motor ability of children. A preliminary study. N. E. A., 1894: 1003-1009. A preliminary study of motor ability. Pedagog- ical Seminary, 3: 9-29. Harris, Wm. T. Educational needs of urban civilization. Education, 5:443-453. May, 1885. Howison, Geo. H. What the public school should teach the Ameri- can laborer. N. E. A., 1888: 243-249. Hyde, Wm. DeW. Social mission of the public school. Educational Review, 12: 221-235. O ct -» 1896. 10 Harley, W. S. Education for citizenship. Education, 13: 16-19. Sept. 1892. Jones, Richard. Aids to good citizenship. Educational Review, 11: 233-244. May, 1896. Kidd, Benj. Social evolution. Martin, Geo. H. The unseen force in character-making. N. E. A.» 1899: 276-283. Mead, Edwin D. Adjustment of education to contemporary needs. Educational Review, 19: 472-480. May, 1900. Missimer, H. C. ) The high school and the citizen. N. E.A., 1889: Donnan, Laura. ) 507-512; 512-520. Merdum, Sam. W. How to teach citizenship. North American Re- view, 152: 120-123. Jan., 1891. Mowry, Wm. A. What special work should be undertaken in the elementary school to prepare the pupils for the duties of citizenship? N. E. A., 1893: 273-278. Middletown, Raymond. Education and citizenship. N. E. A., 1892: 394-398. McKibben, Stuart. Preparation for citizenship in Michigan. Edu- cation, 10: 405-413. March, 1890. Morse, Anson D. Preparation for citizenship. Education, 9: 236- 247. Dec, 1888. Oppenheim, Nathan. The development of the child. O'Shea, M. V. When character is formed. Popular Science Monthly, 51: 648-662. Sept., 1897. Palmer, Frank H. How the home may help the school. Education, 21: 292-300. Jan,, 1901. Paulding. J. K. The public school as a center of community life Educational Review, 15: 147-154. Feb., 1898. Pratt, Mary L. A plea for social training. Education, 8: 379-3S3. Feb., 1888. Perry, Arthur L. Preparation for citizenship. Education, 9: 513- 521. April, 1889. Rowe, S. H. Physical nature of the child. Royce, Josiah. The social basis of conscience. N. E. A., 1898: 196-199. Rowe, H. M. Laws and ethics of business, duties of citizenship, and science of wealth. N. E. A., 1897: 818-824. Schaeffer, N. C. Thinking and learning to think. 11 Scripture, E. W. Cross education. Popular Science Monthly, 56: 589-596. March, 1900. Schaeffer, N. C. The school in its relation to the higher life. N. E. A., 1899: 225-229. Scudder, Horace E. The school house as a center. Atlantic Monthly, 77: 103-109. Jan., 1896. Shute, Katharine H. The people and the schools. Educational Re- view, 21: 433-447. May, 1901. Skinner, Chas. R. The best education for the masses. N. E. A., 1897: 51-58. Spence, Catharine H. Value of elementary school for the social virtues and for training for the right exercise of the duties of citizens. N. E. A., 1893: 278-284. Taussig, F. W. The problem of secondary education as regards training for citizenship. Educatiotial Review, 431-439. May, 1891. Thayer, Wm. M. How home and school help or hinder each other. Education, 14: 68-75; 142-148. Oct., Nov., 1893. Thurston, Henry W. An inquiry relating to training for citizenship in the public schools. School Review, 6: 577-597. Oct., 1898. DeWolf, Hon. D. F. Society and the common schools. Education, 2: 346-358. March, 1882. Wallace, A. R. The wonderful century. Address and papers on manual training at the meeting of Depart- ment of Superintendence, Chicago, 1901. Progress of the century. By eminent specialists, Report of census for 1900. Bulletin on population of cities over 25,000. Bulletin on urban population. 12 TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOLS. Prin. H. L. Boltwood. October 18. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Illinois Teacher, 15:381 (1869). Illinois Schoolmaster, 8:53. Illinois School Report, 1873-74, p. 75. Illinois School Report, 1875-76, p. 142-164. Illinois Farmers' Institute Report, 1899, p. 476-481. Department of Public Instruction, Indiana. Special High School Report, 1899. (Indiana has more township High schools than any other state, and this latter report is of great inter- est and value). DeKalb Chronicle, Feb. 1900. (This gives in full an address given by H. L. Boltwood to the citizens of DeKalb upon the sub- ject of High schools.) Michigan Township High School Law, 1901. THE QUESTION OF STATE AID IN THE DEVEL- OPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF HIGH SCHOOLS. Hon. Alfred Bayliss. October 25. 1. The Constitution of Illinois directs that "The General Assembly shall provide a thorough and efficient system of free schools, whereby all children of this State may receive a good common school education.'' 2. The act of 1889, which, with subsequent addi- ditions, embodies the legislative compliance with the constitutional injunction, nowhere differentiates the high from the "common " school, though the provisions for Township High Schools are a recognition of the fact of their existence, and that the common school concept is in process of expansion. 13 3. But " a good common school education " should, and, apparently, soon will include the knowledge content, as well as the time element, implied in the current con- cept of the Hig-h School. 4. The belief is justified on two grounds, (a) The growing- complexity of our social and material environ- ment, (b) The consequent necessity for a continually widening gap between infancy and maturity. 5. The High School, thus justifying itself, and having appeared by a natural process of evolution, the question occurs: Why should its opportunities be afforded to one-half the children of the State and be denied to the other half ? 6. From the only possible sane answer to the fore- going question, and the evident impossibility in rural communities, and the smaller centers of population, to make adequate provisions for a complete common school by local initiative, it is a fair proposition that the State at large should make adequate provision for all commu- nities unable to do so for themselves. The common school is a State, not a neighborhood institution. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Brown, Elmer E. Education in the United States. " Secondary Ed- ucation." Butler, Nicholas Murray. The meaning of education. Canfield, Jas. H. Higher education of the rural population. N. E. A. 1889. Corbett, H. R. Free high schools for rural pupils. School Review, 8:213-219, 335-363. April and June, 1900. Davidson, Thomas. History of education. Chapter iv., Division, in. Eliot, Chas. W. The gap between the elementary schools and the colleges. N. E. A., 1889. Fiske, John. Excursions of an evolutionist. Chapter XII. Howerth. The social aim in education. Fifth Year Book of the National Herbart Society. 14 Martin, Geo. H. The spirit of the age in education; Educational Review. March, iqoi. Miller, J. H. High school education for all. North Western Monthly, 8:658. June, 1898. Upham, A. A. Transportation of pupils. Bulletin of Information, Department of Public Instruction, State of Wisconsin. School law of Minnesota. The Act " To encourage a better condition of the public schools and to appropriate money therefor." i8qq- Illinois school report, 1898-1900, page 49. KLECTIVES IN THE HIGH SCHOOL. Dr. A. F. Nightingale. November 1. Individual instruction is ideal. We should aim to- ward, it. The taste and talent, the purpose and plan of the student should be studied. The physical and mental bear close relations. What is meat for one is poison for another. An all-around education is desirable, but spe- cialists are needed. We must be in harmony with the times. Heredity and environment are potent factors in education. Public high schools must keep close to the people. Demands of parents are to be considered ; the desires of pupils, consulted. There can be no hard and fast course of instruction, but a liberal program, suited to the individual who is as varied in his characteristics as Mark Twain's thumb marks. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Cates, E. E. Freedom from prescription an essential condition of suc- cess in our secondary education. School Review, 11 : 511-514 October, 1894. Eliot, Charles W. Election of studies in secondary schools. Ad- vantages. Educational Review, 15: 442-449. May, 1898. Martin, Geo. H. Election of studies in secondary schools. Affirma- tive view. Educational Review, 15:450-455. May, 1898. 15 Nightingale, A. F. Rigid vs. elastic courses of study for secondary- schools. School Review, 6: 307-320. May, 1898. Election in high schools. School Review, 9:65- 74. February, 1901. What studies should predominate in the second- ary schools. School Review, 5: 201-209. April, 1897. Shearer, Wm. J. Greater flexibility in high school work. School Review, 9: 137-149; 232-242. March, April, 1901. Seaver, E. O. The public high school of the twentieth century. Ed- ucational Review, 19: 153-160. February, 1900. Steele, W. L. Freedom in high school courses. Journal Illinois State Teachers' Association, 1900 : 74-78. To what extent should the high school pupil be permitted to elect his work ? N. E. A., 1899 : 331-336. Thomson, F. D. Some results of the Galesburg plan of electives. School Review, 9:13-19. January, 1901. Thurber, Samuel. Election of studies in secondary schools. Rela- tion to the community. Edticational Review, 15:424-435. May, 1898. Rigid vs. optional studies. School Review, 3 : 206-211. April, 1894. Courses of study in secondary schools. Journal of Education, 4, 103, 296. Thurber, C. H. Some problems of the elective system. School Re- view, 9:79-92. February, 1901. For additional bibliography see that given under the last lecture in this announcement. COxMMERCIAL COURSES IN THE HIGH SCHOOL. Supt. E. G. Cooley. November 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Bacheler, A. W. The typewriter in the public schools. Educa- tion, 19: 626-632. June, 1899. Bryce, James. Commercial education. North American Review, 168: 694-707. June, 1899. Daggett, Wm. E. The commercial high school course. N. E. A. 1900: 555-562. Davis, Allan. The business course problem. N.E. A. 1899: 999-1002. 16 Davis, Allan. The course of study for business high schools. X. E. A. 1896: 304-308. Dean, Henry M. Shorthand writing. Education, 14 : 294-298- Jan. 1894. Shorthand for girls. Education, 14: 227-229. Dec. 1893. Dement, Isaac I. Shorthand. N. E. A. 1897: 801-803. Stenography and typewriting as branches of business education. N. E. A. 1893: 798-799. Dewey, Melvil. High grade business schools a demand. N. E. A. 1896: 832-834. Elliott, Chas. W. Commercial education. Educational Review, 18: 417-424. Nov. 1899. Ibid, Report U. S. commissioner of education 1898-99. 1:677-681. Francis, J. H. The claims of business education to a place in our public schools. N. E. A. 1899: 1008-1015. Gage, Lyman J. Reasonable expectations concerning business edu- cation. N. E. A. 1898: 863-867. Hodges, James. Commercial education. North American Review, 144: 462-470. May 1887. Johnson, Emory R. Business education in the high school. N. E. A. 1898: 867-873. James, Edmund J. Commercial education in Europe, particularly Austria, France and Germany. Report U. S. commissioner of education 1895-96. 1: 721-837. Kasson, F. H. The typewriter a coming necessity in schools. Edu- cation, 15: 615-622. Jan. 1895. Melian, J. J. Business training good and bad. N. E. A, 1894: 980-983. Mowry, Win, A. The educational value of the typewriter in schools. Education, 11: 625-635. June, 1891. The school curriculum and its relations to busi- ness life. Education, 2: 140-149. Nov, 1881. Osborn, A. S. The disciplinary value of the business course of study. N. E. A. 1894: 989-994. Palmer, F. H. Present educational aspects of typewriting. Eduea- tion, 12: 612-629. June, 1892. Rowe, H. M. The advantages and difficulties of introducing the commercial branches in grammar and high schools. N. E. A. 1900: 562-566. 17 Springer, Durand W. Business education. N.E.A. 1898:857-863. Stevenson, W. C. The advent of the commercial high school. N. E. A. 1892: 1025-1030. Stimson, H. A. The need for advanced commercial education. Forum, 29: 240-244. April 1900. Thurber, C. H. The present high school course as a business prep- aration. N. E. A. 1897: 808-818. Woodworth, W. A. Shorthand and typewriting. N. E. A., 895: 882-889. Commercial education in Europe. Report U. S. commissioner of education, 1896-97. 1: 207-231. THE FUTURE OF THE PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL. Prin. J. Stanley Brown. November 15. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Abercrombie, D. W. The problems of secondary education as re- gards culture. Educational Review, 17 ': 417-430. May, 1899. Bishop, J. Remsen. The future of the American high school. N. E. A., 1894 : 788-794. Ibid., School Review, 3:287-293. Butler, N. M. The outlook in education. N. E. A., 1899 : 170-176. Eliot, Chas. W. Recent changes in secondary education. Atlantic Monthly, 33:433-444. Oct., 1899. Tendencies of secondaryeducatiou. Educational Review, 14: 417-27. Dec, 1897. Grenfell, Helen L. Quo Vadieris. N. E. A., 1899: 99-106. Hughes, Jas. L. The twentieth century school. N. E. A., 1897: 162- 169. Huling, Ray G. Y Ramsev Chas C Problems which confront the high school at the Boltwood, H. L. I opening of the twentieth century. Ed- Bacheler,A.W. J ucation, 21: 129-143. Nov., 1900. Kasson, F. H. Educational facts for today. Education, 21: 121-124. Oct , 1900. Kelsey, Francis W. The future of the high school. Educational Review, 11: 157-178. Feb., 1896. Monroe, Jas. P. The problem of secondary education as regards training for vocation. Educatio?ial Review, 17: 440-450. May, 1899. 18 Plummer, Frank E. The future high school. N. E. A. 1891: 620-631. Paddock, Miner H. The high school of the future. Education, 17: 103-106. Oct. 1896. Seaver, Edwin P. The public high school of the twentieth century. Educational Review ', 19: 153-159. Feb. 1900. Stetson, W. W. The educational outlook. N. E. A. 1898: 131-139. Thwing, C. F. Educational problems of the twentieth century. Forum, 28: 315-324. Nov. 1899. Winship, A. E. The school of the future. N. E. A. 1898: 276-277. THE ADOLESCENT PERIOD IN BOYS. Supt. J. K. Stableton. November 22. 1. The physical changes that mark this period. 2. The accompanying- mental and emotional changes. 3. Normal or abnormal cases ? 4. Arrested development : #, physical ; £, mental ; c, both physical and mental. Typical cases of each. 5. Precocious development : a, physical ; b, mental ; c, both physical and mental. Typical cases of each. 6. The fleeting character of many of the experiences of this period. ; the possibility of their becoming fixed as traits of character. 7. The pedagogical significance of this period. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Atkinson, F. W. Child-study in secondary schools. School Review, 5: 461-466. Sept. 1897. A year's study of the entering pupils of the Spring- field, Mass., high school. N. E. A., 1898: 903-910. Austin, Ellen M. Child-study in the high school. North Western Monthly, 8: 487-490. March 1898. Burnham, W. H. The study of adolescence. Pedagogical Seminary, 1: 174-195- Burk, H. Teasing and bullying. Pedagogical Seminary, 4: 336- Boone, R. G. Lines of growth in maturing. N. E. A., 1897: 173-183 ; Ibid, Educational Review , 14:118-131. Sept. 1897. 19 Barnes, Earl. Feelings and ideas of sex in children. Pedagogical Seminary, 2: 199-203. Chrisman, Oscar. Paidology. Religious periods of child growth. Educational Review, 16: 40-48. June 1898. The pubescent period. Education, 19: 342-347. Feb. 1899. Christopher, W. S. The crises in child life. Child Study Monthly, 3: 324-336. Dec. 1897. Chase, Susan F. Choice of reading for early adolescent years. N. E. A., 1898: 1011-1014. Clark, Ed. H. The building of the brain. Dawson, G. E. A study of youthful degeneration. Pedagogical Seminary, 4: 221-258. Daniels, A. H. The new life : a study of regeneration. American Journal of Psychology, 6: 61-103. 1893. Dinsmore, J. W. Vices of childhood and youth. N. E. A., 1866: 594- 600.— North Western Monthly, 10: 74-80. October 1899. Ellis, Havelock. Man and woman. Chapt. XVIII. (Scribner.) Gilman, Mrs. C. P. S. Concerning children. Hall, G. Stanley. The moral and religious training of children and adolescents. Pedagogical Seminary, 1 : 196-210. 1891. Initiation into adolescence. Proc. Am. Antiq. Soc. Worcester, Mass., 12 : 367-400. Oct. 1898. Hall, Jeanette W. The period of adolescence. North Western Monthly, 4 : 68-82. June 1898. Krohn, W. O. The most critical period of school life. Child Study Motithly, 1: 33-44. June 1895. Kline, L. W. Truancy as related to the migrating instinct. Peda- gogical Seminary, 5 : 381-420. June 1898. Lancaster, E. G. The psychology and pedagogy of adolescence. Pedagogical Seminary, 5 : 61-128. July 1897. The vanishing character of adolescent experiences. North Western Mo?ithly, 8: 644-646. June 1898. The adolescent at home and in school. N. E. A., 1899 : 1039-1043. Libby, M. F. Shakespeare and adolescence. Pedagogical Seminary, 8 : 163-206. June 1901. Marra. (Two articles on puberty.) Am. Journal of Sociology, Vol. 6. Morreson, W. D. Our Juvenile offenders. (Appleton.) 20 O'Shea, M. V. Some adolescent reminiscences. Journal of Peda- gogy, 2 : 299-317. Oct. 1898. Rowe, S. H. Physical nature of the child. (Macmillan.) Swift, E. J. Heredity and Environment ; a study in adolescence. North Western Monthly, 9: 36-41. Sept. 1898. Ibid. N. E. A., 1898: 910-916. Criminal tendencies in boyhood. Pedagogical Sem- inary ,% : 65-92. Seaver, E. P. Truants and incorrigibles. Educational Review ,7: 43 2 -438. May 1894. Scott, Colin A. The psychology of puberty and adolescence. N. E. A., 1897: 843-851. Sheldon, S. Societies formed by adolescents. Pedagogical Sem- inary. Seekley, H. H. The dangers of the adolescent period. (E. F. Kel- log & Co.,) also North Western Monthly, Vol. 10: Nov. 1899. Scudder, M. T. A study of high school pupils. School Review, 7 : 197-214. April 1899. Sedgwick, H. D. A gap in education. Atlantic Monthly, 87 : 68-72. Jan. 1901. Stapleton, J. K. Study of boys entering the adolescent period of life. North Western Monthly, 8 : 248, 315, 385, 484, 539, 589, —9 : 138, 179. Nov. 1897 to Dec. 1898. The dairy of a western schoolmaster. (Ainsworth & Co.) Tolstoi. Childhood, boyhood and youth and what to do. (Crowell.) Tuke, D. H. The insanities of puberty and adolescence. Diction- ary of Psychological Medicine, 1 : 357-371. Trunslow, W. Exercise during adolescence. American Physical Education Review, 3 : m-l.21. June 1898. Warner, F. A study of children and their school training. (Mac- millan.) Yoder, A. H. The story of the boyhood of great men. Pedagogical Seminary, 3 : 134-156. Journal of Adolescence. (Various articles.) Pubescence. North Western Monthly, 8 : 597-600, May 1898. Syllabus for study of pubescence. Child Study Monthly. 1 : 280-282. Feb. 1896. 21 SCHOOL SANITATION AND DECORATION. Supt. Orville T. Bright. December 6. 1. The country school problem. 2. Centralization of country schools. 3. Indications of the old and the new in teaching. 4. So-called apparatus ; otherwise, rubbish. 5. Attractive graded school houses. 6. The school yard. 7. Educational value of pictures and casts. 8. The corridors of school houses. 9. How to accomplish the work. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Anderson, John D. The aesthetic element in education. Education, 5 : 246-258. Jan. 1885. Abbott, Sam. W. Air supply of school rooms. Education, 8 : 1-11; 95-102. Sept., Oct. 1887. Bailey, H. T. and I School sanitat i on and decoration. (Heath.) Burrage, S. | Bayliss, Alfred. Illinois School Report. 1899-1900. Bright, O. T. Cook County School Report. 1 899-1900. Brown, Eimer E. Art in education. N. E. A., 1899 : 112-121. Billings, John S. The information necessary to determine the merits of the heating and ventilation of a school building. N. E. A., Dept. Supts., 1882 : 11-28. Burham, Wm. H. Outlines of school Hygiene. Pedagogical Semi- nary, 2 : 9-67. Coburn, Fred. Wm. Lives of American artists in the school room- Education, 17 : 490-492. April 1897. Carter, Chas. M. Extension of Art Education. N. E. A., 1895 : 810- 814. Clark, Hannah B. Sanitary legislation affecting schools in the U. S. Rept. U. S. Com. Ed., 2 : 1300-1350. 1893-94. Chapin, Henry D. Crowded schools as promoters of disease. Forum, 16:296-300. May 1895. Dewey, John. The aesthetic element in education. N. E. A., 1897 : 329-330. 22 Eaton, John. Education and sanitation. Education, 2 : 1-21. Sept. 1881. Emery, M. S. How to enjoy pictures. (Prang.) Farrar, Archdeacon. Art in schools. Education, 5 : 360-375. March 1885. Ferree, Barr. Art for the school room. Education, 17 : 1-11. Sept. 1896. Fitz, G. W. The hygiene of instruction in primary schools. N. E. A., 1898:544-550. Gove, Aaron. Elementary principles of school hygiene. N. E. A., 1897 : 861-895. Harris, W. T. The aesthetic element in education. N. E. A., 1897 : 330-338. Art education the true industrial education— a culti- vation of aesthetic taste of universal utility. N. E. A., 1889 : 647-655. Hicks, Mrs. Mary D. Does art study concern the public schools ? N. E. A., 1893, 187-191. Hoppin, Jas. M. Art in popular education. Forum, 7 : 331-338. May 1889. Higgins, P. J. School room ventilation. Popular Science Monthly, 19 : 531-539. Aug. 1881. Hartwell, Edward M. School hygiene. — What it is and why we need it. N. E. A., 1898 : 498-505. Hall, G. Stanley. The health of school children as affected by school buildings. N. E. A., 1892 : 682-689. Johnson, G. E. The condition of the teeth of children in public schools. Pedagogical Seminary, 8 : 45-58. March 1901. Kirke, John R. The rural school bouse. North Western Monthly, 8 : 68-71. July 1897. Knight, Geo. Henry. School room ventilation as an investment. Popular Science Monthly, 46: 393-396. Jan. 1895. Laughlin, Ada M. The moral value of art education. N. E. A., 1890 : 141-149. Lincoln, D. F. Report on the ventilation and heating of schools. N. E. A., 1895 : 934-943- Lord, Mrs. J. M. " Let the school rooms be attractive." Education 7 : 34-37. Sept. 1886. Marble, A. P. Ventilation of school rooms. N. E. A., 1898 : 371-377. Morrison, G. B. The location and sanitation of school buildings. North Western Monthly, 8 : 71-75. July 1897. 23 Morrison, G. B. Ventilation and Warming of school buildings. (Ap- pleton.) Mowry, W. A. The lighting and heating of school rooms. N. E. A., 1898 : 364-369- Report on school sanitation. N. E. A., 1896 : 449- 463. Newsholm. A. School Hygiene. (Heath.) Nicholson, Mary E. The aesthetic element in education. N. E. A., 1897 : 338-344. Orr, Fred J. Picture study— its relation to culture and general edu- cation. N. E. A., 1900 : 514-516. Perrot. Geo. Value of the study of art. Popular Science Monthly, 56 : 204-2 [3. Dec. 1899. Parker, Francis W. Art in everything.. N. E. A., 1900: 509-514. Skinner, Stella. Art in the school room. N. E. A., 1896: 685-692. Sullivan, Christine. Art education — its influence : industrial educa- tion : ethical. N. E. A.„ 1894 : 894-900. Stimson, J. Ward. Development of art instinct. N. E. A., 1893 : 466-472. Smith, Jno. Lighting and heating of school rooms. Education, 8 : 16-24. March 1899. Stewart, Douglas H. Unsanitary schools and public indifference. Forum, 20 : 103:112. Sept. 1895. Thompson, Langdon S. Art in the school room. N. E. A., 1896 : 678-684. Turner, Ross. Art for the eye. N. E. A., 1896 : 670-678. Van Dyke, John. History of painting. Art for art's sake. How to judge a picture. Weir, John F. Popular art education. North American Review, 132: 64-78. Jan. 1881. Weeks, Stephen B. Art decorations in school rooms. Rept. U. S. Com. of Ed. 1895-1896,2: 1363-1411. Wilson, Mrs. L. L. W. Pictorial study in elementary schools. Great artists series (Ed. Pub. Co.) Masters in art (Monthly Pub. Bates & Guild, Boston.) Municipal Affairs Magazine, Dec. 1898. 24 CONSERVATISM IN HIGH SCHOOL ELECTIVES Supt. J. J. Wilkinson. December 13. 1. The courses of study in the English Latin schools and the German gymnasium influenced the courses in our hig-h schools for many years. Our hig-h schools exist under different conditions and for different purposes. 2. In breaking- away from these the pendulum has swung- too far and by making- the entire course elective we have disregarded : «, the purpose of the hig-h school ; b, the inability of the pupil to select for himself at this immature ag-e ; c y the sequence of the subjects them- selves, to a limited extent. 3. The oft expressed thoug-ht that all subjects are alike educative, or that all sujects are taug-ht in one, is only partially true. Certain subjects should be required in every hig-h school course. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Aiton, Geo. B. Principles underlying the making of a course of study for secondary schools. School Review, 6: 369-378. June 1898. Brooks, Stratton D. Problems of the small high school. School News. June 1901. Bryan, Wm. J. S. To what extent should a pupil in the high school be allowed to choose his studies? N. E. A., 1900: 428-435. Cooley, E. G. Limited election in high school work. School Review, 9: 75-78. Feb. 1901. Dexter, E. G. Freedom in high school courses. Jour. 111. State Teach. Assoc, igoo: 78-83. Hanus, Paul H. Two contemporary problems in education. Popu- lar Science Monthly, 58: 585-594. April 1901. Attempted improvements in the course of study. Educational Review, 12: 435-52. Dec. 1896. A recent tendency in secondary education exam- ined. School Review, 3: 193-205. April 1895. Harris, Jas. H. The natural limitations of the elective system. Edu- cational Review, 19: 489-498, May 1900. 25 Munsterberg, Hugo. School reform. Atlantic Monthly, 85: 656-669. May 1900. Robinson, Oscar D. Constants and electives in the high school. School Review, 9: 243-251. April 1901. Schmitt, C. D. The proper limitation of elective work work in school and college. School Review, 9: 92-100. Feb. 1901. Shorey, Paul. Discipline vs. dissipation in secondary education. School Review, 5: 217-230. April 1897. Tetlow, John. Elective studies in high schools. Educational Re- view, 21: 39-48. Jan. 1901. Election of studies in secondary schools. Nega- tive view. Educational Review, 15: 436-441. May 1898. Boone, R. G. Results under an elective system. Educational Re- view, 4: 53-73, 142-156. June, Sept. 1892. Butler, N. M. The reform of secondary education in the U. S. At- lantic Monthly, 73: 372-384. March 1894. Carman, G. N. The course of study in secondary schools. N. E. A., 1893: 193-196. Clay, Chas. M. High school reform. Education, 21: 217-223* Dec. 1900. Dewey, John. The psychological aspect of the school curriculum. Educational Review, 13: 356-369. April 1897. The situation as regards the course of study. Educational Review, 22: 26-49. June 1901. Eliot, Chas. W. Undesirable and desirable uniformity in schools. N. E. A., 1892: 82-95. Giles, Edith. Elective studies in the high school. Education, 14: 160-163. Nov. 1893. Goodwin, E. J. Electives in the high school. (An experiment.) Educational Review, 5: 142-152. Feb. 1893. The curriculum of a small high school. School Review, 3: 268-281. May 1894. Hall, W. F. Electives by course or by subjects. N. E. A,, 1895: 601. Harris, J. H. Elective studies. Where? School Review, 6: 567-576. Oct. 1898, Harris, Wm. T. The necessity of five co-ordinate groups in a course of study. Educatioii, 16: 129-13;. Nov. 1895. The curriculum for secondary schools. N. E. A., 1894: 496-508. 26 Curriculum for secondary schools. Education, 14: 579-592. June 1894. Hervey, Walter L. Suggestions for making secondary school pro- grams. Educational Review, 12:84-86. June 1896. Lukens, Hermann T. Curriculum. Education, 18: 19-29. Sept. 1897. Mackenzie, Jas. C. Modifying programs in secondary schools. N. E. A., 1894: 143-151. Miller, Herbert. The differentiation of the high school. The com- ing movement in education. School Review, 1: 418-422. Sept. 1893. Miller, Herbert. Electives and relation to colleges. Jour. 111. State Teach. Assoc, 1900: 157-159. Pearse, C. G. The essentials of a course of study. Educatioii, 17: 425-426. March 1897. Phillips, D. E. The elective system in American education. Pedi- gogical Seminary, 8: 206-231. June 1901. Ramsey, C. C. The elective system in high schools. Education, 20: 557-565. May 1900. Robinson, O. D. Should electives in the high school be by courses or by subjects? N. E. A., 1895: 586-591. Discussion 592. Rockwood, G. H. Electives and relation to colleges. Jour. 111. State Teach. Assoc, 1900: 156-157. Search, Preston W. The larger high school. School Review, 8:220- 229. April 1900. Shaler, Nath. S. Election of studies in secondary schools in their relations to colleges. Educational Review, 15: 417-423. May 1898. Smith, W. H. Elective work in the high school courses. Should elective work be provided and encouraged? 7: 232-238, 238- 241. April 1899. White, E. E. Isolation and unification as bases of courses of study. Rept. U. S. Com. Ed., i895-*96. 1: 929-933. Election in general-education. N. E. A., 1897: 373. For additional references see those given under the fifth lecture in this announcement, pages 14-15. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS DEGREES i. In the COLLEGE OF LITERATURE AND ARTS the degree of Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in four year courses, as follows: i. General courses, offering a wide range of electives and classified according to the principal line of work chosen. 2. Specialized courses, or courses under the group sys- tem, including (a) The Classical Group, (b) The English Group, (c) The German and Romanic Language Group, (d) The Latin and Modern Language Group, (e) The Philosophical Group, (f) The Political Science Group. 2. In the COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING the degree of Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in four year courses, as follows: (i) In Architecture, (2) in Architectural Engineering,^) in Civil Engineer- ing, U)in Electrical Engineering, (5) in Mechanical Engineering, (6) in Municipal and Sanitary Engineering, (7) in Railroad Engi- neering. 3. In the COLLEGE OF SCIENCE the degree of Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in four year courses, grouped as follows: (1) The Chemical and Physical Group, (2) the Mathematical Group, (3) the Natural Science Group, (4) the Pedagogical Group. 4. In the COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE the degree of Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in four year courses, distributed in de- partments of — (1) Field Agriculture, (2) Animal Husbandry, (3) Veterinary Science, (4) Dairy Husbandry, (5) Horticulture. 5. In the COLLEGE OF MEDICINE (College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, Chicago,) the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) in a four year course in medicine. 6. In the COLLEGE OF LAW the degree of Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) in a three year course in law. 7. In the SCHOOL OF LIBRARY SCIENCE the degree of Bachelor of Library Science (B.L.S.) in a four year course. 8. In the SCHOOL OF MUSIC the degree of Bachelor of Music (B.M.) in four year courses in vocal and instrumental music. 9. In the SCHOOL OF PHARMACY (Chicago College of Pharmacy) the degree of Graduate in Pharmacy (Ph.G.) in a two year course, and that of Pharmaceutical Chemist (Ph.C.) in a three year course in pharmacy. 10. In the GRADUATE SCHOOL the Master's degree after the Bachelor's degree for one year of graduate work in arts, science, architecture; the degree of Civil Engineer (C.E.), Electri- cal Engineer (E.E.), and Mechanical Engineer (M.E.), after that of B.S. for one year of graduate work in the respective engineering courses; and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) for three years of graduate work leading thereto. 3 0112 105744848