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 URBANA 
 
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 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY 
 
 3 3051 00005 6410 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2012 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://archive.org/details/contributionstos55738mcca 
 
STATE OF ILLINOIS 
 
 HENRY HORNER. Governor 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION 
 
 JOHN J. HALLIHAN, Director 
 
 DIVISION OF THE 
 
 STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief 
 URBANA 
 
 REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS — NO. 3 8 
 
 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY 
 OF COAL 
 
 Proximate Analyses and Screen Tests of Coal Mine 
 Screenings Produced in Illinois 
 
 BY 
 L. C. MCCABE, D. R. MITCHELL. AND G. H. CADY 
 
 In Cooperation With the Engineering Experiment Station 
 University of Illinois 
 
 *r«SR-sesS= 
 
 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS 
 
 URBANA, ILLINOIS 
 1935 
 
 Reprinted 193 7 
 
STATE OP ILLINOIS 
 
 Hon. Henry Hoknkk. Governor 
 
 DEPARTMENT OP REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION 
 
 Hon. John J. Haixihan, Director 
 
 Springfield 
 
 BOARD OP 
 
 NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION 
 
 Hon. John J. Hallihan, Chairman ' 
 
 Edson S. Bastin, Ph.D., Geology 
 William A. Noyes, Ph.D., LL.D., 
 
 Chem.D., D.Sc, Chemistry 
 John W. Alvord, C.E., Engineering 
 William Trelease, D.Sc, LL.D., 
 
 Biology 
 
 Henry C. Cowi.es, Ph.D., D.Sc, 
 
 Forestry 
 Arthur Cutts Willard, D.Engr., 
 
 LL.D., President of the University of 
 
 Illinois 
 
 GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 
 Coal 
 
 G. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist 
 
 L. C. McCabe, Ph.D. 
 
 James M. Schopf, Ph.D. 
 
 Earle F. Taylor, M.S. 
 
 Charles C. Boley, B.S. 
 Non-Fuels 
 
 J. E. Lamar, B.S. 
 
 H. B. Willman, Ph.D. 
 Oil and Gas 
 
 A. H. Bell, Ph.D. 
 
 G. V. Cohee, Ph.D. 
 
 Frederick Squires, B.S. 
 
 James L. Carlton, B.S. 
 Areal and Engineering Geology 
 
 George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D. 
 
 Victor N. Fischer, M.S. 
 Subsurface Geology 
 
 L. E. Workman, M.S. 
 
 J. Norman Payne. M.A. 
 
 E. A. Atherton, Ph.D. 
 
 Donald G. Sutton, M.S. 
 Stratigraphy and Paleontology 
 
 J. Marvin Weller. Ph.D. 
 
 W. A. Newton, M.S. 
 Petrography 
 
 Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D. 
 
 Richards A. Rowland, Geol. E. 
 Physics 
 
 R. J. Piersol, Ph.D. 
 
 M. C. Watson, Ph.D. 
 
 Donald O. Holland, M.S. 
 
 STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION 
 
 TJrbana 
 
 M. M. Leighton, Ph.D., Chief 
 
 Enid Townley, M.S., Assistant to the Chief 
 
 GEOCHEMISTRY 
 
 Frank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief Chemist 
 W. F. Bradley. Ph.D. 
 G. C. Finger, M.S. 
 Mary C. Neill, M.S. 
 
 Fuels 
 
 G. R. Yohe. Ph.D. 
 P. E. Grotts, B.S. 
 
 Non-Fuels 
 J. S. Machin, 
 F. V. Tooley, 
 
 Ph.D. 
 
 M.S. 
 
 Analytical 
 
 O. W. Rees, Ph.D. 
 Norman H. Nachtrteb, B.S. 
 George W. Land, B.Ed. 
 P. W. Henline, B.S. 
 
 MINERAL ECONOMICS 
 W. H. Voskuil, Ph.D., Mineral 
 
 Economist 
 Grace N. Oliver, A.B. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION 
 Don L. Carroll, B.S. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS 
 George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D. 
 Dorothy Rose, B.S. 
 Alma R. Sweeny, A.B. 
 Meredith M. Calkins 
 
 Consultants: Ceramics, Cullen Warner Parmelee., M.S., D.Sc, University of 
 Illinois; Pleistocene Invertebrate Paleontology, Frank Collins Baker, B.S., 
 University of Illinois. 
 
 Topographic Mapping in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. 
 
 (Sept. 1, 1937) 
 (36735) 
 
PROXIMATE ANALYSES* AND SCREEN TESTS OF COAL 
 MINE SCREENINGS PRODUCED IN ILLINOIS 
 
 By L. C. McCabe, 1 D. R. Mitchell,- and G. H. Cady 3 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 THE PRESENT EEPOET is preliminary to a more detailed re- 
 port of an investigation of the distribution of the banded ingredi- 
 ents in, and of certain chemical and washability characteristics of 
 coal screenings. Screenings from ten Illinois mines are being studied 
 under a cooperative agreement between the State Geological Survey and 
 the Engineering Experiment Station through the Department of Mining 
 and Metallurgical Engineering of the University of Illinois. 
 
 Purpose of the investigation. — This report is concerned only with 
 (1) the size distribution and (2) the chemical analyses of the screenings 
 sampled. In view of the mine operators' interest in the immediate re- 
 sults of screen tests and chemical analyses of screen sizes, it seemed 
 desirable to publish the data as soon as available. This procedure will 
 not detract from the value of the final publication and in the meantime 
 concrete information, of interest to all operators, is made available re- 
 garding the nature of screenings. 
 
 Scope of the investigation. — The mines sampled were selected to 
 represent the various mining districts and the most important producing 
 horizons in the State ( Table 1 ) . 
 
 Table 1 — Location of Mines and Coal Beds Represented 
 
 Mine 
 
 District or County 
 
 Coal Bed No. 
 
 A 
 
 Northern Illinois. . 
 
 
 B 
 
 
 Northern Illinois 
 
 
 C. .. 
 
 Northern Illinois 
 
 
 D. . .. 
 
 E 
 
 F 
 
 Vermilion 
 
 Sangamon 
 
 Christian 
 
 5 (Grape Creek) 
 5 (Springfield) 
 6 
 
 G.. . . 
 H. . .. 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 Centralia district 
 
 Williamson 
 
 Saline. . . . 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 5 (Harrisbiirg) 
 
 
 
 
 *For the purpose of this report, total sulfur and heat of combustion determina- 
 tions are included. 
 
 1 Associate Geologist, Coal Division, Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana. 
 
 2 Associate Professor, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, University of 
 Illinois, Urbana. 
 
 3 Senior Geologist and Head of Coal Division, Illinois State Geological Survey, 
 Urbana. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS To THE STUDY OF COAL 
 
 ym — n 
 
 I JO daviiss STip>itf,sON i mxnl.Di.io 1 " 
 
 Fig. 1 — Map of Illinois Showing Locations of Mines 
 Where Screenings Were Sampled 
 
 The sampling, preparation and laboratory procedure relating to 
 this report were as follows : 
 
 (1) Screenings from the loading chute were sampled at five- 
 
 minute intervals over a day's run (1,000 to 1,500 pounds). 
 
 (2) The samples were riffled and sized in the laboratory. 
 
 (3) Chemical analyses of screenings and sizes produced from 
 
 screenings were made. 
 
 (4) Data were compiled and plotted on graphs. 
 
PROXIMATE ANALYSES AND SCREEN TESTS t> 
 
 Acknowledgments. — The writers gratefully acknowledge the co- 
 operation and assistance of the management of the mines in collecting 
 the samples. 
 
 All screening tests and all reduction of gross samples were made in 
 the coal preparation laboratory of the Department of Mining and 
 Metallurgical Engineering. 
 
 Mr. L. G. Hazen assisted in sampling at the mines, in the laboratory 
 preparation of the samples, and in assembling the data. The chemical 
 analyses were made under the supervision of Dr. F. Ti. Eeed, head of 
 the Geochemical Section in the analytical laboratory of the Survey, under 
 the direction of Dr. 0. W. Eees, and with the assistance of Messrs. J. W. 
 Robinson and C. S. Westerberg. 
 
 These studies form part of the program of investigation of the 
 physical characteristics of coal being carried on by the Coal Division of 
 the Survey. 
 
 SAMPLING 
 
 Sampling at the mine. — Increments of 12 to 20 pounds were cut 
 from the screenings at five-minute intervals throughout a day's opera- 
 
 IOOO - 1500 LBS 
 SCREENINGS 
 
 RIFFLED INTO QUARTERS 
 
 CRUSHED T0- 3 / t ' 
 
 SI ZED AND RIFFLED 
 
 CRUSHED TO 
 - 10 MESH 
 AND RIFFLED 
 
 OF EACH SIZE 
 
 HEAD SAMPLES 
 
 Fig. 2 — Flow Sheet Showing Steps in the Preparation of Samples in the 
 
 Laboratory 
 
 fcion at each mine. It was usually practicable to take increments from 
 the stream of screenings as they were loaded into railroad cars but in a 
 few instances samples were taken as the coal was delivered from the 
 screens to storage bins. The gross sample of 1,000 to 1,500 pounds was 
 sacked in heavy grain bags for transport to the laboratory. 
 
 Laboratory sampling.- — -Laboratory samples in most instances 
 were prepared for analysis the day following mine sampling. The flow 
 
b CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF COAL 
 
 shed ( Fig. 2) shows the manner of handling the samples in the labora- 
 tory for the complete range of tests embraced in the investigation. This 
 preliminary report, however, as stated above, is concerned only with the 
 results of screen sizing and chemical analyses erf these sizes. 
 
 The following information is furnished by the tabvdated data and 
 curves : 
 
 1. Proximate analyses of samples of screenings for 5 beds of coal 
 
 in 10 mining districts (Table 2) together with mine average 
 proximate analyses of face samples. 
 
 2. Screen analyses of screenings (Tables 2 and 3) Tor the follow- 
 
 ing size ranges : 
 
 2 X I 1 /! hi eh ( one instance) 
 l 1 /^ X % inch (all mines) 
 % X % inch (all mines) 
 % inch X 10-mesh (all mines) 
 10 X 48-mesh (all mines) 
 minus 48-mesh (all mines) 
 
 (Bound-hole screens were used in sizing at % inch and 
 above and Tyler standard sieves for sizing below % 
 inch.) 
 
 3. Proximate analyses of each screen size (Table 2). 
 
 4. The per cent of ash and sulfur in combinations of the above 
 
 sizes (Table 3, Fig. 3). 
 
 CONCLUSIONS FROM TABULATED DATA AND CURVES 
 
 (1) The dry B.t.u. value in the sized screenings, with one ex- 
 ception, is highest in the largest size and lowest in the minus 48-mesh 
 or the 10 X 48-mesh sizes (Table 2). Ash is the most important factor 
 in these variations. 
 
 (2) The as received basis is not a suitable basis on which to com- 
 pare the various sizes from the same mine because of variability in 
 moisture loss. 
 
 (3) The usual relatively high unit coal B.t.u. value of the smaller 
 sizes is probably due in part to their relatively high fusain (mineral 
 charcoal) content. The high fusain content of some of the minus 48- 
 mesh fractions is indicated by their high fixed carbon values. 
 
 (4) The ash (dry basis) in the screenings exceeds the ash of face 
 samples from .5 to 12.9 per cent. This comparison indicates either that 
 the screenings contain a concentration of the impurities present in the 
 bed or that roof and floor materials have been introduced. Both con- 
 ditions may exist. 
 
PROXIMATE ANALYSES AND SCREEN TESTS 7 
 
 (5) The highest ash percentage is in the two smallest sizes 
 (10 X 48-mesh, and minus 48-mesh). In eight of the mines sampled 
 the minus 48-mesh coal contained 4.1 to 27.1 per cent more ash than the 
 screenings from which it was taken. 
 
 (6) Screening out of the finer sizes (below 10-mesh) will have no 
 appreciable effect in lowering the ash content of the screenings (Fig. 
 3, Table 3). 
 
 (7) Sulfur percentages vary from one sized fraction to another 
 but in contrast to ash they frequently diminish markedly in the finer 
 sizes (Fig. 4, Table 3). 
 
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 Fig. 4 — Curves Showing Sulfur Distribution (Dry 
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10 
 
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"WASCHER'S" 
 
 UBKARY BINDERS 
 
 307 3. Goodwin 
 
 Urbana, 111.