■Diversity ol tie State ol New York Bnlletin Entered as second-class matter August a, 1913, at the Post OfSce at Albany, N. Y., under the act of August 34, 19x2 Published fortnightly No. 577 ALBANY, N. Y. October 15, 1914 ELEMENTARY EDUCATION PREPARED BY THOMAS E. FINEGAN Assistant Commissioner for Elementary Education FROM THE TENTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT PAGE PAGE A notable year 3 Indian schools 93 Gideon Hawley 4 Schools for the blind 96 Andrew Sloan Draper 5 Schools for the deaf 96 John Huston Finley 6 Prison schools 99 Education Building 7 Department expenditures lOI School legislation 12 Subjects for immediate consid- Teachers’ qualifications 38 eration 116 Professional code of ethics for State Normal School at Brock- teachers 42 port 116 Teachers’ retirement law... 46 State Normal School at Buf- Normal school teachers 52 falo 117 Isaac B. Poucher 54 State -Normal School at Cort- School buildings 55 land 119 The organization of city school State Normal School at Fre- systems 58 donia 120 Attendance upon city and rural State Normal School at Geneseo . 121 school 74 State Normal School at New Rural schools must be made the Paltz 122 equal of city schools 74 State Normal School at One- Agricultural education in rural onta 123 schools 75 State Normal School at Oswego. 124 The plan in Ulster county. . 77 State Normal School at Platts- District superintendents. . . . 79 burg 125 Grade examinations 82 State Normal School at Pots- Township system 88 dam 126 ALBANY THE UNIVERSITY OP THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1914 OF tilt G3ar>Nx4>X5oo OCT l8 iy'’& UNWtRSlT. OF llUSt' THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University With years when terms expire 1917 St Clair McKelway M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. L.H.D. Chancellor Brooklyn 1926 Pliny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. Vice Chancellor Palm5Ta 1915 Albert Vander Veer M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. Albany 1922 Chester S. Lord M.A. LL.D. ----- New York 1918 William Nottingham M.A, Ph.D. LL.D. - - S5rracuse 1921 Francis M. Carpenter ------- Mount Kisco 1923 Abram I. Elkus LL.B. D.C.L. ----- New York 1924 Adelbert Moot LL.D. ------- Buffalo 1925 Charles B . Alexander M . A . LL . B . LL . D . Litt . D . Tuxedo 1919 John Moore - -- -- -- -- - Elmira 1920 Andrew J. Shipman M.A. LL.B. LL.D. - - New York 1916 Walter Guest Kellogg B.A. ----- Ogdensburg President of the University and Commissioner of Education John H. Finley M.A. LL.D. L.H.D. Assistant Commissioners Augustus S. Downing M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. For Higher Education Charles F. Wheelock B.S. LL,D. For Secondary Education Thomas E. Finegan M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. For Elementary Education Director of State Library James I. Wyer, Jr, M.L.S. Director of Science and State Museum John M. Clarke Ph.D. D.Sc. LL.D. Chiefs of Divisions Administration, George M. Wiley M.A. Attendance, James D. Sullivan Educational Extension, William R. Watson B.S. Examinations, Harlan H. Horner B.A. History, James A. Holden B.A. Inspections, Frank H. Wood M.A. Law, Frank B. Gilbert B.A. Library School, Frank K. Walter M.A. M.L.S. Public Records, Thomas C. Quinn School Libraries, Sherman Williams Pd.D. Statistics, Hiram C. Case Visual Instruction, Alfred W. Abrams Ph.B. Vocational Schools, Arthur D. Dean D.Sc. OCT 2 8 1*6 SWflo n fv' /A »,5V7 University ol the State ol New York Buiietin Entered as second-class matter August 2, 19131 at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of August 24, 1912 Published fortnightly No. 577 ALBANY, N. Y. October 15, 1914 ELEMENTARY EDUCATION PREPARED BY THOMAS E. FINEGAN Assistant Commissioner for Elementary Education A NOTABLE YEAR Several important events occurred during the year 19 12-13 which will distinguish it in the educational history of the State. The public school system organized and put into effective operation by the directing genius of Gideon Hawley in 1813, under the feeble support provided by that early period, rounded out under the masterly powers and the administrative skill of Andrew Sloan Draper a century of vital service to the people of the State. The span of a century reaching from Gideon' Hawley in 1813 to Andrew Sloan Draper in 1913 is one of mighty changes and ad- vancement in the industrial, political and social conditions of the country. During this period our State increased in population from less than one-half million to nearly ten millions, or to one-tenth of X the population of the entire country, and the State system of public < schools which was organized a century ago has grown and de- veloped until it now contains about 11,700 institutions of learning attended by 1,500,000 pupils who are under the instruction and training of teachers at an annual expenditure of over „ $63,185,000. The beginning of the second century was ushered in I under the wise and progressive policies of Doctor Draper. The State’s contribution to this important anniversary and her recog- nition of the great service received from our system of public edu- ^ cation was the construction of the State Education Building at Albany. Doctor Draper is entitled to the credit of having con- i ^ ceived the plan to bring all the activities of the Education Depart- ment in a separate building where education would be emphasized and where all the interests of that Department would be adminis- tered independent of every consideration except the duty of the (?■ 4 State and the interest of the people. It was in a large measure his influence and prestige that made possible the erection of such build- ing. This building, therefore, stands not only as a memorial to this centennial period but it also stands as a conspicuous monument to the great achievements of Andrew S. Draper. Upon the death of Doctor Draper, Dr John Huston Finley, President of the College of the City of New York, was chosen as Doctor Draper’s successor, but under the designation of President of The University of the State of New York and Commissioner of Education. Therefore, with this centennial period there will l)e associated the names of Gideon Hawley, the first State Superin- tendent of Common Schools, Andrew S. Draper, the first State Commissioner of Education, John Huston Finley, the first Presi- dent of The University of the State of New York, and the State Education Building. The historical importance of these events, be- cause of their bearing upon elementary education and the names of the men associated with them, should be mentioned in this report though the record must necessarily be brief. GIDEON HAWLEY The first officer chosen in an American state to organize and supervise a state school system was Gideon Hawley. He was a practising lawyer in the city of Albany and but twenty-eight years of age when chosen for this distinguished service. Through his unusual powers of administrative ability he successfully organized the school system of the State and placed it upon a permanent foundation. The law which established our common school system was enacted in 1812. That law created the office of State Superintendent of Common Schools and on January 14, 1813 Mr Hawley was chosen by the Council of Appointment to that Im- portant office. He served in this official capacity for eight years. On March 25, 1814 he was chosen secretary of the Board of Regents and served in that position for a period of twenty-seven years. He retired from the secretaryship of the Board of Regents in 1841 and in the following year was elected a member of that board. He served as a Regent of the University twenty-eight years, or until his death in 1870. He also served as trustee of the Albany Academy, the Albany Eemale Academy, the Smithsonian Institute of Washington, and as a member of the executive com- mittee of the Albany State Normal School. Gideon Hawley t Andrew Sloan Draper Birthplace of Andrew Sloan Draper. The building in which Andrew Sloan Draper attended his first term of school in district 7, Westford, Otsego county Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/elementaryeducat00fine_0 5 ANDREW SLOAN DRAPER Andrew Sloan Draper was identified with the educational system of the State for a long period of time and served it in many official capacities. He was undoubtedly associated with more large move- ments for the improvement of the public school system of the State and inaugurated more reforms in its administration than any other man during all its history. When a young man he was a successful teacher in a village graded school and in a boys academy in a leading city. He was admitted to the bar, became a successful and well- known lawyer, and received judicial honors of national importance. He was a member of the New York Legislature and served upon the committee on public education in that body. Membership upon the board of education in the city of Albany gave him additional in- terest in and knowledge of the needs of the public schools. His in- terest in educational matters was intensified and broadened upon be- coming a member of the executive committee of the Albany State Normal School. He was chosen State Superintendent of Public In- struction in 1886. Upon assuming the obligations of that office he determined to abandon the practice of law and devote his life to educational work. He was one of the conspicuous state superin- tendents of the country and served the State for a period of six years. In 1892 Cleveland, Ohio, called him to the superintendency of that city to organize their schools under a special law. When this work was completed the authorities of the University of niinpis elected him to the presidency of that institution. To this important service he devoted his great abilities for ten years. Dur- ing that period he built one of the great state universities of this country. Under his leadership it grew from 750 students to nearly 4000 students and from a faculty of 90 to one of 425. He also reared upon its campus a dozen large buildings. In 1904, New York, his native state, to which he was deeply attached, summoned him to the position of Commissioner of Education which had been created under the unification law of that year. He assumed the duties of that office on April i, 1904 and served in it until his death on April 27, 1913. It is unnecessary to record here a detailed state- ment of his achievements in these various positions. A suitable memorial has been spread upon the Journal of the Regents of the University and upon the proceedings of the various State educa- tional associations. Several addresses reviewing his services have 6 been printed and these, together with official reports, will provide a permanent record of the distinguished services which he rendered public education in this country. JOHN HUSTON FINLEY On the second day of July 1913, the Board of Regents elected Dr John Huston Finley as President of The University of the State of New York and Commissioner of Education. Doctor Finley is a native of the state of Illinois and was educated at the Ottawa, Illinois, High School, at Knox College and at Johns Hopkins Uni- versity. His career as an educator was inaugurated with an ex- perience as a teacher in a district school. He later attended Knox College and within a period of five years from his graduation, the trustees of that institution had elected him its president. After serving in this position for seven years, he became associated with Harpers and McClures as an editor and for three years held the professorship of politics in Princeton University. In 1903 he was chosen president of the College of the City of New York and served in that capacity until elected to the office which he now occupies. A dozen of the leading universities of the country have recognized his public and educational achievements by conferring honorary degrees upon him. In 1910-11 he was honored by being chosen as the Harvard University exchange lecturer on the Hyde Foundation, at the Sorbonne, Paris. As trustee, director and arbitrator, he has had wide experience in large business enterprises and in many social and industrial problems which have afiforded him an unusual opportunity to study the educational needs of the American people. This extensive experience in the professional side of education and this personal knowledge of business affairs, have given him a com- prehensive grasp of the practical demands which conditions of the present day place upon the public schools. President Finley stands at the threshold of the second century of the operation of the public school system of the State. He knows the history of its growth and development. He sees the oppor- tunity for an exceptional service to the State, which is afforded him, and he brings to his assistance in the work a training and an experience which give him a broad vision of its great possibilities. In no branch of his administrative work has he shown greater in- terest or a keener determination for broad, effective, constructive work than in the field of elementary education. John Huston Finley New York State Education Building 7 EDUCATION BUILDING The Education Building was dedicated October 15-17, 1912. Before the building was turned over to the Education Department an effort was made to induce the trustees of public buildings to place the building under the control of the Superintendent of Public Buildings. The plausible argument was advanced that if it were placed under management separate from that which controls the other State buildings in the city of Albany, there would be a duplication of the engineering force and other employees necessary for the proper care and preservation of a large building and there- fore a waste of public funds. The real object sought in the effort to transfer the care of such building to the Superintendent of Public Buildings, however, was to use the building for political pur- poses by selecting all persons employed in caring for and operating such building upon a political basis. Governor Dix, who was chairman of the trustees of public build- ings, refused to take such action and when the building was ac- cepted by the State, he caused it to be placed under the official charge of the Board of Regents. The law authorizing the con- struction of the building placed the responsibility for its erection upon the trustees of public buildings. The Education Law pro- vides that the Education Building shall be occupied solely by the Education Department. The trustees of public buildings were simply charged with the duty of constructing the building. There- fore when the building was completed, accepted by the trustees of public buildings in behalf of the State, and by that body turned over to the Board of Regents, such trustees had discharged all their legal obligations in relation to such building and had no further jurisdiction over it. The Regents were then the official custodians of such building. The law defining the powers and duties of the Superintendent of Public Buildings specifically names the State buildings under the control of that officer and such law does not in- clude the State Education Building. The .Superintendent of Public Buildings, therefore, possesses no jurisdiction over such building. Soon after the Legislature convened in 1913, a bill was introduced by Assemblyman Walker of New York, upon request, transferring the control and management of such building to the Superintendent of Public Buildings. After remaining in com- mittee for several weeks, the bill was reported favorably and passed the Assembly. During the last week of the regular session of the 8 Legislature, this bill was reported from the Senate judiciary com- mittee by a majority of one vote and passed the Senate. The issue was now squarely presented to Governor Sulzer whether this beautiful new building was to be made an instrument of political spoils or was to remain under the control of the Regents, and to be cared for and supervised in a manner becoming the dignity of that structure and the influences for which it should stand in the life of our State. It was an important matter and the action of the Governor meant much to the interests of the State which are to be directed from that building. Governor Sulzer vetoed the bill and thereby rendered a great service to the educational interests of the State. The subject is one of so much importance to the Education Department that the facts bearing upon the issue should be pre- served for such future reference as may be necessary. The brief submitted to the Governor in behalf of the Education Department sets the facts forth so fully that it is given here: MEMORANDUM ON ASSEMBLY BILL, INTRODUCTORY NO. I467, PRINTED NO. 1623, INTRODUCED BY MR WALKER, TRANSFERRING THE JURIS- DICTION OVER THE STATE EDUCATION BUILDING FROM THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK TO THE TRUSTEES OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS New York State Education Department Albany, May 15, ipij Hon. William Sulzer Governor of the State of New York Executive Chamber, Albany, N. Y. Dear governor Sulzer: The object sought through the passage of this bill is to confer upon the Superintendent of Public Buildings the right to appoint the cleaners, orderlies, watchmen, elevatormen, and other employees who clean, take care of and operate the State Education Building. So far as possible all these employees are now classified under the civil service law and appointments are made by the Education Department from the civil service list. The elevatormen, watch- men, and orderlies are all appointed from the civil service list. The cleaners and laborers are not in the classified service and are not, therefore, appointed under the civil service regulations. Those persons who have been appointed for this work and who have rendered faithful and satisfactory service, have been retained so long as they desired to be. Cleaners and laborers are employed on this force at the present time who have been employed in this capacity by the Education Department since 1893. 9 In 1893 an appropriation was made to the Regents of the Uni- versity of the State of New York for the employment of cleaners, elevatormen, watchmen etc. to clean, take care of and operate the rooms occupied by the Regents, for the State Library and all other work of the Regents office carried on in the Capitol. Appropria- tions for this purpose were thereafter made annually to the Regents until 1904, the date of the unification of the two former departments in charge of the educational work of the State, when such appro- priation was made to the Education Department. An appropriation has been made to the Education Department annually for similar purposes since that date. The Education Building was constructed exclusively for the Edu- cation Department and was planned for the particular work of this Department. Every room of the building is occupied by the Edu- cation Department and no other departments or interests of the State are located in this building. The Regents are the controlling body of the Education Department and at present are the custodians of the Education Building. This is as it should be, as the Regents are the trustees of the State Library and responsible for its prop- erty. The Regents are also the trustees of the State Museum, which is located in this building, and they are likewise responsible for the safekeeping of the valuable collections of this Museum. Since this responsibility must necessarily be placed upon the Regents and since the Department under their control is the sole occupant of the building in which this property is placed and used by the public, there is no valid reason for assigning the care of the building to any other department or officials. The care of the Edu- cation Building presents a situation entirely different from the one presented in the care of the Capitol. The Capitol is occupied by many departments and there must of necessity be some single de- partment or officer charged with the general care of the building. Many books of great value in the Library and many articles and collections of great value in the Museum might easily be taken by employees, if they were not absolutely trustworthy, as such em- ployees must necessarily be among these books and collections in cleaning the rooms, etc. These employees must also clean the property of the building, including the books in the Library and the collections in the Museum. The Regents, who are the trustees of this property and who are responsible for its care and safekeeping, should therefore be the authority to name the persons who shall be their trusted employees and workers in and about the building in which this property is located. It would be most unjust to hold the Regents responsible for the care of this property and then permit an outside authority to name the persons who shall have the general care of the building and property. It was to preserve and protect this property of the State, that the Legislature twenty years ago was induced to give direct au- thority to the Regents to appoint the persons who were to have charge of the care and supervision of such property. Previous to that time many losses of value occurred in the State Library. It 10 was due to this fact that the Legislature made a direct appropria- tion to the Regents and authorized that body to appoint its own employees of this character and to pay them from the fund specially appropriated by the Legislature for that purpose. The policy estab- lished by the Legislature in this respect in 1893 has been con- tinued by the Legislature without question or controversy in any way since that date. Many of the employees who are engaged in cleaning and caring for the building are also engaged in cleaning and caring for books and in performing such other work in the various offices of the Education Department as is usually performed by this class of em- ployees. Nearly all these employees, outside of the elevatormen and mechanics, are employed in this dual capacity, and devote about one-half of their time to each branch of work. No other depart- ment should be granted the right to name employees engaged in this service in the Education Department. From the standpoint of engineering, the Education Building is one of the most modernly equipped buildings in the country. The engineering equipment of this building cost the State $425,000. It must have most intelligent supervision. Only technical men thoroughly experienced should have charge of this work. To give the Superintendent of Public Buildings the authority to name the elevatormen, watchmen, orderlies, cleaners etc. in the Education Building must of necessity result in great friction and embarrassment in the operation of that building and in the trans- action of business which must be conducted therein. If any of these employees are negligent of their duties, disrespectful to offi- cials of the Education Department or citizens of the State who go to that building for the transaction of public business, such em- ployees would not be subject to discipline by the officials of the Edu- cation Department. The only method of correcting such abuses would be for the officials of the Education Department to report such misconduct to the Superintendent of Public Buildings and rely upon the pleasure of that officer to determine the kind and degree of discipline which should be imposed upon those whom he had appointed for political reasons. Every economy possible is practised by the Education Depart- ment in caring for the building. No charge is made anywhere that the building is not properly cared for and protected. It is con- ceded by everybody who has examined the building that it is re- ceiving better care than other buildings owned by the State. It is not even charged that this work is not economically performed. In going over the necessary work involved to properly care for this building with the Governor’s Inquiry Committee, the officials of the Education Department agreed to take suitable care of the building and employ all necessary help for its proper operation and pro- tection, as well as to properly protect and care for the State’s prop- erty located therein, for the sum of $45,000. The item in the supply bill of the Department of Public Buildings for the care of the State Education Building is $60,000. In other words, the De- 11 partment of Public Buildings desires $15,000 more to take proper care of the Education Building than the Education Department re- quires for the care of the same building. As a matter, therefore, of not only good administration but of economy, it is respectfully submitted that Your Excellency should not only veto this bill but that the item in the supply bill authorizing an appropriation of $60,000 to the trustees of public buildings for the care of the Education Building, etc. should also be vetoed. I attach hereto and make a part hereof two recent editorials from the Brooklyn Eagle. Very truly yours [Signed] Thos. E. Einegan Third Assistant Commissioner of Education MEMORANDUM ON SENATE BILL INTRODUCTORY NO. IO57, PRINTED NO. 2530, BEING THE SUPPLY BILL May 17, igis Hon. William Sulzer Governor of the State of New York Executive Chamber, Albany, N. Y. Dear governor Sulzer: On page 124 of the supply bill is an appropriation to the De- partment of Public Buildings, under the heading “ Care and cleaning service,” of $60,000 for the employment of laborers, porters, cleaners, engineers etc. for the care and maintenance of the Edu- cation Building. The object of including this item in the supply bill is to compel the transfer of the care of the Education Building from the Education Department to the Department of Public Buildings, even if your Excellency should deem it unwise to sign Assembly bill introductory no. 1467, printed no. 1623, which seeks to transfer the care of such building to the Superintendent of Public Buildings. The approval of this item by Your Excellency without the approval of the Walker bill would not be sufficient to transfer the care of the Education Building from its present cus- todians, but the approval of this item would raise legal questions and create friction over the control of this building, which should be avoided. It is therefore respectfully suggested that this item be considered in connection with the Walker bill (no. 1623) and that it be vetoed unless the Walker bill is approved. (See memorandum on Walker bill now on file with Your Excellency.) Very respectfully yours [Signed] Thos. E. Einegan Third Assistant Commissioner of Education The action of Governor Dix in declining to place this building under the control of the Superintendent of Public Buildings, and the action of Governor Sulzer in vetoing the measures intended to transfer the control of such building met with popular approval and has undoubtedly determined that the permanent control of the Education Building shall be under the Board of Regents. SCHOOL LEGISLATION The year 1913 has already become distinguished in the history of the development of the educational system of the State because of the enactment of a large number of laws pertaining to public edu- cation. All these measures were recommended in the 1913 annual report on elementary education, except the scholarship law and the camp school law. The principal subjects on which legislation was obtained were as follows : 1 The consolidation of rural schools. 2 Extending and making more effective the compulsory attend- ance law. 3 Increasing the period of time during which schools must be maintained each year. 4 Including district superintendents under the teachers retire- ment law. 5 Requiring teachers to attend superintendents’ conferences and to count time so devoted as if teaching. 6 Authorizing the organization of camp schools. 7 Authorizing the establishment of part-time or continuation schools. 8 Creating a system of State scholarships. 9 Providing a comprehensive scheme for the wider use of school property. 10 Establishing a State system of medical inspection of school children. The essential provisions of these laws and the results which are intended to be accomplished under them are explained below. CONSOLIDATION OF RURAL SCHOOLS The purpose of the law for the consolidation of rural schools is to abolish the weak country schools which have not sufficient chil- dren or property to maintain a satisfactory school. The initiative under this law must be taken by the people of the district. It is expected that district superintendents will point out to the people living in these districts the advantages which would come from consolidation and lead in a general movement to strengthen the rural schools and make them more adaptable to the purpose which they must serve. I, 2 Buildings of two districts which were consolidated with a third district 3 Building of consolidated district I, 2 and 3 Buildings of three districts which were consolidated 4 Building of consolidated district 13 The method of procedure is by petition of the electors of the districts desiring to be consolidated. This petition must be signed by ten or more of the qualified voters of each of the districts and must be presented by the petitioners to the trustees of their districts. Upon receiving this petition it becomes the duty of the several boards to call a joint meeting at some convenient place where the inhabitants of the districts may determine upon the question of consolidation. If the trustees fail to call the meeting within twenty days from the date on which they receive the petitions therefor, the Commissioner of Education may designate any qualified elector of the district to give such notice. There are two methods of giving this notice. If any portion of any of the districts desiring to be consolidated is located within an incorporated village in which a newspaper is published, the notice of this meeting must be published once in each week for three consecutive weeks immediately preceding the date of the meeting. Such notice must be published in all newspapers in such village. In addition to this, a notice must be posted in at least five conspicuous places in each district at least twenty days prior to the date of the meeting. In all other districts a qualified elector of each district must notify each qualified voter of such district of this meeting by delivering to him a copy of the notice. If an elector should be away from home, a copy of such notice must be left at his residence. This notice must be given twenty days prior to the date of the meeting. At the proper hour and place, the meeting should be called to order by some one of the trustees of the several districts repre- sented and a chairman and clerk should be elected. There must be at least ten qualified electors of each district present at this meeting. There may be districts in which there are less than ten qualified voters and, in such cases, the petition will be valid if all electors of the districts sign such petition and the proceedings of the meeting will be valid in such cases if all electors of such districts are present. The vote upon the resolution to consolidate such dis- tricts must be by taking and recording the ayes and noes. The clerk is required to keep a poll list upon which he enters the names of all electors as they vote, the districts in which they reside, and aye or no according to the way each elector votes. The resolution to be binding must receive a majority vote of the voters of each district represented. It is advisable, therefore, in arranging for this meeting to omit districts in which the public sentiment is known 14 to be opposed to consolidation. If such district should vote in opposition to the resolution the whole proposition would fall and it would be necessary to hold another meeting for such of the districts to vote upon the question as might be in favor of consolidation. Copies of the petition, notice of the meeting, any order made by the Commissioner of Education in designating an elector to call such meeting, the minutes of the meeting, and of the clerk’s record of the vote taken upon the resolution must be filed with the Commissioner of Education, and another copy of these papers must be filed with the district superintendent of schools under whose jurisdiction the districts are located. These papers must be properly certified by the chairman and clerk. When such resolution is adopted, the district superintendent is required under the statute to enter an order of consolidation and to create either a common school district or a union free school district, as the case may be, and to give such new district a number. The order must become operative not more than three months after the date of the meeting and must be filed in the town clerk’s office in the town in which such districts are located. If the territory is within two or more supervisory districts, all district superintend- ents must join in making this order. If the consolidated district is a union free school district, the district superintendent must call a special meeting, if petitioned therefor by at least twenty-five qualified electors, for the purpose of increasing the number of members of the board of education. He must call such meetings if directed to do so by the Commissioner of Education. One of the first consolidations under this law, which was reported to the Department, came from Miss Mary L. Isbell, district super- intendent of the fifth supervisory district of Chenango county. District no. i6 of Norwich, having an assessed valuation of $24,450 and a registration of only five pupils, was consolidated with district no. 8 of Guilford, which had an assessed valuation of $26,050 and a registration of thirteen pupils. It was not possible to maintain a satisfactory school in either of these districts. The consolidated district has an assessed valuation of $50,500 and a registration of eighteen pupils. Even this is not a strong district. Better results would be obtained if a sufficient number of districts could be brought together so that the school might be graded and three or four teachers employed. However, this limited consolidation will give the district $350 of State funds and enable the local authorities to employ a better qualified teacher and provide better school The nevv schooihouse in the consolidated school at Poolville, Madison county South and west sides of the new school building in district 8, Gilford. Cost about $1700, without equipment or furniture 15 facilities at a smaller rate of taxation upon the property of the district than could have been provided in either of the old districts. This district has erected a modern one-room school building at an expenditure of $1700. Three small districts were consolidated at Poolville, Madison county, by District Superintendent Irving S. Sears. The consoli- dated district has an assessed valuation of $116,389 and a registra- tion of only thirty-six pupils. One of the great benefits resulting from the consolidation of districts is the increased financial aid which is given such district. If four districts are consolidated and these districts received re- spectively $150, $200, $175 and $125, the consolidated district would be entitled to receive the aggregate amount apportioned to such four districts, or $650. If the consolidated district employs two teachers the district would be entitled to receive an additional teachers’ quota of $100. If there is an outstanding bonded indebtedness against any one of the districts consolidated, such indebtedness upon consolidation becomes a liability against the enlarged district. AMENDMENTS TO COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE LAW The compulsory attendance law has applied to the children attend- ing the rural schools from the ist of October until the ist of June following. In the cities and villages of 5000 or more population the law has applied to children from the time school opened until it closed. In other words, children in the cities and villages have been required to attend school whenever the school has been in session in the district or city in which they reside. There is no reason why this provision of the law should not apply to the rural schools. Many parents have kept their children at home to work on the farm during the month of September and have taken them out of school during the month of June. The compulsory attendance law was amended by the Legislature of 1913 by making the law uniform throughout the State in this respect, and requiring children in the rural sections to attend school when the school is in session in their district on the same basis on which children in the cities and villages are required to attend school. This law was further strengthened by incorporating a require- ment which compels children to complete six years of work in the elementary schools before they shall be eligible to receive a certifi- cate permitting them to be employed. 16 As the Legislature authorized the establishment of part-time or continuation schools, the compulsory attendance law was further amended by providing that attendance upon these institutions should be accepted for that required at night schools in the case of certain boys under the compulsory attendance law. SCHOOL TERM The law has required each city and school district in the State to maintain a school for at least i6o days, or what is generally re- garded as eight months of school. Schools have generally been maintained in the cities and villages for ten months, or forty weeks. The law was amended to increase the period of time which districts and cities shall be required to maintain school from i6o to i8o days, or from eight months to nine months. The object of this amendment was to require the rural schools to continue- in session for at least nine months. There are many thousand school districts in the State which have maintained school for the period of time which the law has required but no longer. This amendment is in the right direction and in the near future the time should be further extended so as to require an additional month, or to com- pel the school to be open at least ten months in the year. The propriety of maintaining school during the entire year is even re- ceiving careful consideration. There is good reason why the schools should be very generally organized so that they shall be in continuous session for the benefit of those children who are physi- cally able to attend and who would be better ofif in the schools than on the streets or in worse places. Where schools have been main- tained in the cities during the summer, pupils have made a material advancement. By attendance upon vacation schools, large numbers of children would be able to save two years of school life and would complete the elementary course of instruction at 12 years where they do not complete it under the present system until they are 14 years of age. The time will come when all schools, including even the schools in the rural districts, will be maintained the entire year. This would be of special advantage to those schools which maintain agricultural courses. The law was still further amended by requiring all school districts under the supervision of district superintendents to begin school each year on the first Tuesday of September. The object of this amendment was to prevent the practice in many localities of not opening the school until the compulsory attendance law had be- 17 come operative, which was October ist. Since there was no fixed time on which the schools were required to open, and many of them did not open until October, it was an embarrassment for superin- tendents in their supervision. It necessitated their going into the same territory on two different tours of inspection in order to reach all their schools. Since all schools now open on the first Tuesday in September, superintendents know that the schools are in session and may begin effective supervision at the very beginning of the year. DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENTS UNDER RETIREMENT LAW When the retirement law was enacted district superintendents were not included within the provisions of that law. City super- intendents and the superintendents of villages of 5000 or more population were included therein. It was an unfair discrimination against district superintendents. The law was amended by placing district superintendents on the same basis with the city and village superintendents and requiring them to make contributions in the same manner. This law was further amended by providing that service as a school commissioner should be regarded as the equivalent of teach- ing. There are many district superintendents who served as school commissioners for several years, and there are many teachers who have also served at different times in the office of school commis- sioner. There is no reason why this time should not be counted under the retirement law as the equivalent in all respects of teach- ing. The failure of the law to recognize this service was an in- justice to a large number of persons and it was only a matter of common fairness that the law should be amended and these teachers and superintendents permitted to apply the service rendered as school commissioner toward the period required under the law to place them upon the retired list. TEACHERS CONFERENCES When the office of district superintendent was created, provision was incorporated in the law for calling teachers conferences. The law did not specifically state that teachers were compelled to attend these conferences but the fair inference of the intent of the law was that inasmuch as superintendents were directed to hold these con- ferences, teachers would be required to attend them. The work which had been carried on under the direction of this Department for years in teachers institutes was discontinued, and it was intended 18 that a superintendent should convene his teachers for the purpose of presenting to them such help as might be needed for the schools in his district. The law was amended by making attendance upon these conferences compulsory on the part of teachers and fixing the aggregate amount during the year which might be devoted to conference work as six days. If these conferences are called when schools are in session, teachers must attend, but without loss of time. TEMPORARY OR CAMP SCHOOLS The object of establishing temporary or camp schools is to pro- vide school facilities not only for the children of laboring men who are to be employed for a long period of time, but not permanently, upon public works being constructed outside a city or union free school district by the State or by a municipality, but also to provide educational facilities for such laboring men themselves. The large construction work being performed by the State on the canals and public highways, and by the city of New York on her water system, has been the means of bringing large numbers of alien laborers into the State. Many of these do not speak English and are not ac- quainted with the spirit of American institutions. Many of them are illiterate ; nearly all will remain in this country for many years and large numbers of them will become American citizens. It is important to this country that these people shall be taught to read and write and that they shall be given the opportunity to learn the meaning of our institutions and of their obligations to this country. In most cases it would be unjust to impose upon the school district in which these people are temporarily living the burden of providing school facilities for them. Generally, the local school district has not adequate facilities to meet the needs of such unusual conditions. Situations of this kind must therefore, as they occur, be met by some temporary provision. The law enacted last winter, known as the temporary or camp school measure, is intended for this purpose. A district superintendent possesses the discretionary power to determine when one of these camp schools should be constructed. If, in his judgment, a sufficient number of persons are congregated in camps or otherwise and are employed in the construction of public works under contract by any municipality, he may organize a temporary school. These schools may not be organized in cities or union free school districts. The assumption is that in these more populous centers sufficient school facilities are provided for Exhibition of poultry and bread at the Pine City rural school, second supervisory district, Chemung county A group of rural school girls who entered the bread-making contests in the second supervisory district of Chemung county 0^.2 aJ 3 “^■a t - c« >, o ^ c c O 3 ^ O « o O < rt .sl 6 cfl « >1 C! 3 O 3 O o ^ 2 >-• rt « 4j -M O W (U P > ^ < 1 > “ 4 > 3 - §• .Sj 2 So .S 3 ^ I Oj -M N 19 the education of these people without creating special facilities for them. The district superintendent must issue an order establish- ing such temporary school and submit the same to the Commissioner of Education for his approval. If approved by that officer, the order becomes operative. Such order, when properly approved, must be filed with the officer or board of the city under whose direction the public work on which these people are employed is being constructed. The theory is to create a special organization to provide for the education of such people. After the temporary district is organized the district superintendent should appoint a trustee and the trustee should appoint a district clerk and treasurer. These officers are to serve during the continuance of the camp or other temporary habita- tion. They may be removed by the district superintendent. The treasurer must give a bond in such amount as the district super- intendent determines and with sureties that he approves. The district superintendent has the same powers over a school of this kind that he has over a regular public school. The Commissioner of Education is required to prescribe rules and regulations to govern these schools. The law specifies that the district superintendent shall designate the hours during which such .school shall be in session and these hours become effective when approved by the Commissioner of Education. The trustee is required to appoint a qualified teacher for the school. The trustee is also required to determine the number of teachers necessary for the school and the rate of compensation which shall be paid them. He is further required to prepare the form of budget which it is the duty of the trustee to submit. The salaries of teachers must be approved by the Commissioner of Education. It is the duty of the trustee to provide suitable rooms, keep them in proper condition, and to furnish all necessary school supplies such as books, furniture and apparatus. The budget of the trustee must show any funds available for the support of the school and he must then specify the various items necessary for the maintenance of the school for the year. The budget must be submitted to the Commissioner of Education for approval. A copy of said budget must also be filed in the office of the department or municipality under whose supervision such public work is being constructed. When the Commissioner of Education approves the budget he must notify the said officer or department of the municipality of such approval. The officer of such municipality must then pay to 20 the treasurer of the temporary school the amount called for in such budget. Such school is entitled to receive a district quota of $125 and a teachers quota of $100 for each teacher employed after the first teacher. The balance of the funds necessary for the support of such school must be paid either by the State or the municipality, according to whether or not the work is being done by the State or a municipality. CONTINUATION SCHOOLS The Legislature of 1913 committed the State to a comprehensive and liberal policy in the support of continuation schools. The plan authorized by the law of 1913 includes not only part-time or con- tinuation schools but evening vocational schools and even makes provision for instruction in agriculture during summer vacations. The enactment of this law was intended to strike at one of the very weakest points in our public school system. The purpose of this law is to establish the foundation upon which shall be con- structed a system of instruction which will ultimately reach the needs of more than a million children who are now leaving the schools and entering- industrial and commercial life without ade- quate preparation for the service which they are endeavoring to perform, without knowledge of the means whereby they may obtain such preparation and without even the ambition to acquire it. It is expected that these schools will be organized gradually and that through the system of instruction provided therein large numbers of children who now leave school at the end of the sixth, seventh and eighth years, due either to home necessities which require them to become wage-earners or to the failure of the schools to interest them sufficiently in the work which the regular courses offer to hold them in school, will be reached and will be impelled to recog- nize the great advantages which will come to them through the preparation which such schools will give them for efficient services in the common vocations of life which the great majority of them must pursue. The plan is upon broad, democratic lines. Provision may be made for the organization of these schools in any city, vil- lage or school district. Instruction for those who are interested in the great industries and commercial establishments found in the cities and populous centers may be provided. Equal opportunity is afforded for the boys upon the farms of the State through the provision of the law which authorizes the establishment of agri- Playground, district 3, Rye, Westchester county 21 cultural courses, not only in the high schools located in the villages of the farming sections but in the rural schools as well. Courses in the schools of either the urban or rural sections may be provided for the girls as well as for the boys. The great democratic prin- ciple upon which our entire school system rests, of equal educa- tional opportunity for every boy and every girl in the State, is not only recognized but is to be exemplified under this law. The State manifests its great interest in this work by pledging large financial aid to those communities throughout the State which will undertake the organization of continuation schools. The Division of Vocational Schools is giving special attention to the formation of these schools, with promise of excellent results. The State will contribute two-thirds of the salary of the first teacher employed in an approved continuation school up to an amount not to exceed $1000. If a school of this kind is organized in a city or school district under regulations set by the Department and a teacher is employed at $1200 a year, the State will apportion to such city or district $800. If such teacher is paid $1500, or any sum in excess of that amount the State will contribute $1000. For each additional teacher employed after the first teacher in any one of these schools the State will pay an additional quota of $200. The State is therefore ofifering great encouragement to the cities and school districts of the State for the proper development of this division of public education. All school boards are urged to give the question special consideration to the end that those youth of the State between 14 and 17 years of age, who are now at work or who will soon go to work, may be given. the opportunity to pre- pare for efficient service and good citizenship and to improve their conditions in organized society. STATE SCHOLARSHIPS Under the plan established by this law five scholarships are awarded each county annually for each of its assembly districts. When all these scholarships are filled there will be in the colleges and universities of the State three thousand State scholars, each of whom will receive annually $100 from the State, which will in most col- leges meet the charges for tuition. The prime object of this movement is to emphasize the State’s interest in promoting sound scholarship in the higher institutions of learning. This plan will afford the boys and girls of New York State the opportunities for collegiate training which are provided for the boys and girls in 22 many of the western states through the maintenance of state uni- versities. The interests of higher and secondary education are more vitally concerned in this measure than the interests of ele- mentary education, yet the influence of this movement should be an uplifting force to the whole State system of public education. Superintendents and teachers in the elementary schools should in- terest the most deserving and meritorious students under their direction in these scholarships and point the way by which such students may obtain a college or university training, many of whom would be deprived of such education were it not for the wisdom of the State in providing these scholarships. USE OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS The law enacted in 1913 relating to the wider use of school property is the most comprehensive and effective statute conferring upon the people the right to use school property for their intel- lectual advancement which has been enacted by any state. Such law confers upon the local school authorities, when authorized by a vote of the district meeting, the power to designate sites or grounds to be used for playgrounds, or for agricultural, athletic and social center purposes ; to purchase implements, apparatus and sup- plies necessary to provide instruction in agriculture and other sub- jects, and for the organization and conduct of athletic, playground and other social center work ; to employ specialists when feasible to supervise, organize, conduct and maintain athletic, playground and social center activities, or to arrange with regular teachers of the school to supervise and direct any of these lines of educational activities. It further provides that the school grounds and school property, when not in use for school purposes, may be used for any of the following : 1 For the purpose of giving and receiving instruction in any branch of education, learning, or the arts. 2 For public library purposes or as stations of public libraries. 3 For holding social, civic and recreational meetings and enter- tainments, and other purposes pertaining to the welfare of the community. 4 For meetings, entertainments and occasions where admission fees are charged when the proceeds thereof are to be expended for an educational or charitable purpose in which the community has a common interest. 23 5 For polling places for holding primaries and elections, the registration of voters and for holding political meetings. At the same time every safeguard necessary to protect the schools from interference with their regular work has been incorporated in the law. The enactment of this law, however, will not in itself in- duce the people to make greater use of the facilities at hand to im- prove their social and intellectual status. If the purposes sought through the enactment of this statute are to be accomplished, the people who are to be benefited thereby must be induced to appre- ciate the opportunities which may be provided for them. In the proper organization of such work district superintendents may create an agency of great power to aid them in the work which they are planning for the children in the schools. Mrs Mary Armour Nichols of Rye, a woman of large philan- thropic spirit, has presented a playground,’ a picture of which is reproduced herewith, to school district 3 of Rye, to be under the sole and perpetual control of the board of education and for the use of the children of the public schools of that district. The play- ground with its equipment cost $40,000. The deed of the prop- erty was delivered October 21, 1912 to Mr Wilbur Hendrix, president of the board of education, accompanied by two $1000 New York City 4^ per cent bonds, the income of which is to be used for the maintenance of the ground. Mrs Nichols also pro- vided free expert instruction for six months to the teachers and pupils. The playground is adjacent to the grammar and high school buildings and forms a part of the school grounds. The ground is equipped with the latest and most modern open-air apparatus, con- sisting of swings, chute, slides, see-saws, ring trapeze, vaulting bars, climbing ropes, quoits, toboggan slides, etc. In the center of the ground is a pergola, the roof of which is covered with green tile and supported by eight Corinthian columns. Between the columns are stone seats and in the center of the pergola is a marble fountain with the latest sanitary drinking device. The entire playground is inclosed by a substantial iron fence resting upon the marble coping of the wall. The gates, of which there are two, may be locked when the ground is not in use, and thus exclude the general public. The playground is to be used not only during the session of the schools but during the vacation period as well. It is under the care of an instructor and is greatly 24 appreciated by the children and the citizens of Rye, as a desirable acquisition to their school plant. It is considered by experts to be one of the finest playgrounds in the country. MEDICAL INSPECTION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN In my last annual report the enactment of a medical inspection law applicable to all parts of the State was recommended. The general outlines upon which such legislation should be enacted were suggested. A bill was drawn embodying the features contained in these suggestions and submitted to the Legislature. It passed the Legislature and received the approval of the Governor, becoming operative August i, 1913. It is chapter 627 of the Laws of 1913 and adds a new article to the Education Law, known as article 20-a. It is mandatory in all its provisions and applies to the entire State except the cities of the first class, Rochester, Buffalo and New York. These cities were exempted from the provisions of this law to avoid opposition to the measure which came from the representa- tives of such cities in the Legislature and for the further reason that these cities were maintaining reasonably effective systems under their local laws. The enactment of this law- was based upon the broad ground that, when the State makes the attendance 01 a child upon instruction compulsory, it is the duty of the State to protect the life and health of such child not only by requiring sanitary buildings in which he receives instruction, but by protecting him from the liability of having a disease communicated to him by another pupil. Four fundamental principles which are vital to the most effective and satisfactory operation of a system of medical inspection in public schools were incorporated in this law. These principles are : 1 That the medical inspection of the children in a public school system is purely a school question and a law requiring such in- spection should be administered by the school authorities. 2 That a parent possesses the legal right to have such examina- tion of his children as the law may demand made by a physician which such parent selects. 3 That local school authorities should possess the same power and obligations in relation to the employment of physicians, nurses etc. in providing for the physical necessities of school children that they possess in relation to the employment of teachers, supervisors, superintendents etc. in providing for the intellectual needs of such children. 25 4 That penalties should be imposed upon cities and school dis- tricts for failure to enforce a medical inspection law on the same basis that penalties for failure to enforce the compulsory attendance laws, fire laws, or other statutes affecting the schools are imposed. Medical inspection is a school question and the responsibility for the administration of any school proposition should be placed upon the school authorities. Experience has also demonstrated that the administration of a system of medical inspection by any other agency will result in a waste of funds, in the loss of time and energy on the part of the pupils and teachers, in the usual embarrassments and conflict of authority incident to a division of responsibility in the general direction of any one proposition and will therefore re- sult in great inefficiency. It should be clearly understood, therefore, that the medical in- spection required is under the provisions of the Education Law and not the public health law. The enforcement of this law is under the supervision of the school authorities and not the health au- thorities. When health officers in towns or villages are employed by boards of education or school district trustees, such health offi- cers are under the general direction of and responsible to the school authorities and not to the health authorities. The effective enforcement of this statute depends very largely upon the wise dis- cretion exercised by superintendents and other local school officers. District superintendents should give careful consideration to its enforcement in rural districts. Compulsory attendance laws universally recognize the right of a parent to provide in his own way the minimum amount of instruc- tion which the State decrees each child shall receive. A parent can not be compelled to send his child to the public school. He may send him lo a private school. He may employ a private teacher and educate his child at home. He may be required to send his child to a public school only when he fails to provide such child with in- struction elsewhere which is equivalent to that given in the public schools. The same principle upon which such laws are based must be applied to the enactment of medical inspection laws. The State may properly require evidence of a child’s freedom from disease and his physical fitness to attend school. Neither the authority nor the policy of the State to protect a child in his right to receive treat- ment for defects which are impediments to his proper physical and mental development will be questioned. The parent must first be given the opportunity to provide any required examination and 26 treatment and wilful negligence on the part of the parent to furnish the same affords sufficient ground for the State to supply it. The law authorizes the employment of medical inspectors and school nurses. These inspectors must be physicians who are licensed to practise in this State and must have had at least two years’ practice. In a city or union free school district, such in- spectors must be residents of the city or district for which they are appointed ; in a common school district, a medical inspector must be a resident of the town in which the district selecting him is located. The school nurses must be registered nurses and licensed to practise as such. , 1 i -'iU'i The board of education of each city is required to appoint one medical inspector and may appoint as many additional inspectors as may be necessary for the proper enforcement of the law. Such board may also employ as many school nurses as may be necessary. The experience of those cities which have operated medical in- spection systems shows that for the first 3000 children attending school, there should be at least one medical inspector and one nurse employed for full time. There should also be at least one ad- ditional full-time nurse for each additional 1500 children, and one additional full-time medical inspector for. each additional 3000 children. It is recommended that one inspector and one nurse be appointed at first and as the work becomes organized such ad- ditional inspectors and nurses be employed as increased necessities may demand for the proper enforcement of the law. The board of education in a union free school district is re- quired to appoint one medical inspector. In such districts, having a population of 5000 or less, but one such inspector may be appointed. If the population of such district exceeds 5000, such additional in- spectors may be appointed as are necessary for the proper enforce- ment of the law. If the boundaries of such district are coterminous with the boundaries of an incorporated village, such board should employ the health officer of such village as the medical inspector, unless it should appear to be for the best interest of the district to employ some other physician. The trustees of a common school district are required to employ a medical inspector to examine the children attending the school in such district. The law intends that such trustees shall employ for this purpose the health officer of the town in which the district is located. If it should appear to be for the best interests of the dis- trict to employ another physician, the trustees possess the power to 27 do so. The trustees of two or more districts may unite in the em- ployment of the same medical inspector. When such joint employ- ment is made, the expense must be apportioned among the dis- tricts according to the assessed valuation of their taxable property. The question is frequently presented as to whether or not a physician who is a member of a board of education may be desig- nated by such board as the medical inspector for the district. The penal law distinctly provides that no member of a board of educa- tion shall be directly or indirectly interested in any contract made in behalf of the district by such board. This bars a board of educa- tion from naming a physician who is a member of such board as the medical inspector. The action of the board in selecting a medical inspector is in effect a contract in behalf of the district made by such board with the medical inspector. It is the duty of the board of education to determine whether or not the medical inspector per- forms the work of that office as the statutes contemplate and in an efficient and satisfactory manner. A physician, therefore, who is a member of a board of education and desires to become a medical inspector should resign from the board. In a rural school district or a village where it is not feasible to employ a full-time inspector, it is suggested that the compensation of the inspector be made on the basis of the number of children examined. The amount paid for each pupil should vary according to the number of children to be examined, the distance which in- spectors are required to travel, the general accessibility of school- houses, etc. The compensation should not exceed one dollar for each pupil and in many districts may be less. The question is frequently raised as to the policy of a board of education or the trustee of a school district receiving bids from various physicians for the performance of this work. Such policy should not be pursued. In every community of the State it will be possible to make arrangements with reputable physicians to render this service for a proper consideration. The most efficient service will not be obtained if a physician is selected upon the sole ground that he offers to do the work for less compensation than that for which other physicians are willing to perform the same service. Within the limitations above specified, the general intent of the law is that school authorities in the employment of medical in- spectors and school nurses shall possess powers similar to those which they possess in the employment of teachers. Such in- spectors and nurses are not employees of the municipal government 28 but are employees of the school system and are not therefore sub- ject to municipal civil service regulations. Boards of education or trustees, employing such inspectors and nurses, possess the absolute power to fix the compensation which these employees are to re- ceive. When a health officer is employed, he is to receive com- pensation for his services. The salary which he receives as health officer does not include his compensation for the services he renders as medical inspector. The town or village board of health has no function to perform in appointing medical inspectors or in other- wise enforcing this law. Under the provisions of this law, each pupil may present to the principal or the teacher of the school which he attends, a health certificate. Such certificate should be furnished within thirty days from the date on which school opens. If a pupil fails to present such certificate within the prescribed thirty days, it becomes the duty of the principal teacher of the school which such pupil at- tends to notify the parent of such pupil that, if the required health certificate is not furnished within an additional thirty days, at the expiration of such period an examination of the pupil will be made by the medical inspector employed by the school authorities. If a pupil fails to present a health certificate within thirty days from the date of such notice, the medical school inspector should make an examination of such pupil. A child may not be excluded from school for failure to furnish a health certificate. A health certifi- cate must be signed by a physician who is licensed to practise medicine in this State and the issuance of such certificate must be based upon an examination made by the physician who signs it and not more than thirty days prior to the date when the certificate is presented at school. In school districts, all health certificates should be retained in the school building by the principal teacher until the end of the school year, and then filed with the district clerk ; in a city, such certificates should be filed with the superintendent of schools. When an examination of a pupil is made by the family physician or a physician selected by the parent, the expense of such ex- amination must be paid by the parent. Such expense may not be made a charge against the city or district. When the examination is made by the school authorities, no charge may be made against the parent. A parent may waive his right to have the examination of his child made by the family physician or by a physician which the 29 parent employs. The medical inspector having jurisdiction may then make the required examination of such child. The law provides that the Commissioner of Education may pre- scribe necessary forms, blanks etc. for the proper administration of this law, after consultation with the State Commissioner of Health. The following form of certificate has been prescribed : The University of the State of New York The State Department of Education Albany Pursuant to the provisions of article 20-a of the Education Law as amended by the Laws of 1913, chapter 627, the President of the University and Commissioner of Education, after consultation with the State Commissioner of Health, has prescribed the follow- ing form of HEALTH CERTIFICATE I, , a physician duly licensed to practise medicine in the State of New York, residing at , do hereby certify that on the day of 191- , I examined a pupil residing in the city of (or in school district no town of - , county of ) and certify as follows : Age Sex Height Weight Nationality Parent or guardian Address [ Right ’^“8" jLeft Normal? Abnormal? Normal? Abnormal? /Normal? Enlarged / Cervical? \ Abnormal? glands \ Other? •p- . / Kind if Reducible?.. f Good? nern a . • t^NO 'ict* M (ON CO • (N ro • H-C NO -st- • NO HH CO ... (N CO 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • 0 0 0 Thoo . . . . 0 NO • -^NO (N) 0 0 • 0 0 0 00 ri- • HH . • • -(t- • NO CONO • uo CO uo tJ- uo • NO • • 00 • • r^ CO • • (NJ . 00 (Nt :z; o m > Q C ^ a 2 1-2 "" « a a X CW v-5 O O w •S3 CL) CCS G .2 • >^'-13 0 ) ' CCS o a > R o *43 i:: 2 g S 8-2 53 )-1PEhC/3!/5»-5c/3i-^Wc/2 -i-i o G o l-HC/2 .1 a >H t:s (-1 o o o o-^ I'S KPh m t/) § c8 tij rj c/5 I ^ rt'S The year given at the top of these columns ir.dicatc £ lit j Ph n ■ci-lOCN O^O ■^COO'fOCN Oh ^ O I^rOh-iOO CN^O roi-i lOl^fO ^ vO I^O'ONCN rt-t^O CN'OOO 0^! 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There are, however, certain phases of our educational organization so defective as to demand the considera- tion of educational leaders and workers who are officially charged with the supervision and directions of educational affairs. It is therefore recommended that all forces interested, and which must share responsibility of leadership in these matters, be brought to- gether at once to work for the adoption of the following measures which have been outlined in this report: 1 The proper legal organization of city school systems. 2 The adoption of the township system. 3 The advancement of the qualifications of teachers. 4 Increased salaries and expense allowances to district superin- tendents. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT BROCKPORT GRADUATES I913 Elementary teachers course Bassett, Loretta Agnes Bennett, Jessie E. Boughton, Oliver M. Boyle, Marie Britt, Norma G. Burlingame, Gertrude Lewella Carter, Frances Nelvina Chadwick, Lena Clark, Lelia May Corbin, Mabel Augustus Costigan, Elizabeth Margaret Cotter, Harriet Irene D ’Amanda, Clementine Charlotte Darrow, Avis H. Dauchy, Beatrice E. Delaney, Emma Mae Dobson, Eleanor Mary Fuller, Mertie Emily Gillmor, Evelyn Ruth Greene, Frances Marian Helfrich, Anna Agatha Hendricks, Marian Hermance, Charlotte A. Holahan, M. Monica Brockport Albion Victor Lyons Holley Fairport Walworth Albion Brockport Clarkson Brockport Macedon Rochester Brockport Brockport Albion Brockport Lydonville Clarkson Morton Spencerport Bergen Clarkson Barker Hollowood, Frances Anna Hoose, Jessie Marion^ Jefferson, Marcia Aleia Kircher, Lucile A. Koster, Elmer T. Koster, Emma Dazie Lenahan, Anna M H McCann, Agnes Mary McPartland, Mabel Regina Mallison, Edith M. Mattison, Bessie L. Morse, Beulah Margaret O’Brian, Kathryn F. Richardson, Eunice Gertrude Russell, Fanny Elizabeth Ryan, Bessie M. Simmons, Mabel Dorothy Smith, Gladys May Timmerman, Marion Louise Vahue, Hazel A. Webster, Bertha M. Williams, Luella Lolita Wilson, Mary Druzilla Belleville Albion Fairport Webster Clarkson Clarkson Medina Bradford, Pa. Bergen Medina Adams Basin Albion Medina ^ Albion Gainesville Gasport Medina Spencerport Hamlin Brockport Brockport Parma Holley Rural school course Armstrong, Mabel B. Engert, Ruth Alberta Finnegan, Mary Rose Ford, Emma Cora Hammond, Bessie L. Brockport McElwain, Ruth Lincoln Murray, Jean Rochester Junction Skillingfton, Margaret Helen Fishers Spellman, Catherine R. Woodville Streeter, Faye Grace Churchville Churchville Holley Holley Oakfield 117 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL' AT BUFFALO GRADUATES, FEBRUARY I913 Elementary teachers course Bloomstine, Marv MadoHn Buckley, Helen V. Calvert, Alice M Corridon, Margaret Mary Cox, Josephine Daly, Genevieve May Dombrosky, Mary I. Eaton, Marion Eugenia Farnsworth, Irma E. Hess, Louie Marguerite Hubbard, Mildred D. La Porte, Mary Frances Tonawanda Buffalo Lockport Buffalo Buffalo Lockport Buffalo Holcomb OakfieM Batavia Cherry Creek Buffalo Long, Mabel Faustina McAnulty, Ruth A. McCoach, Caroline Brownlow Macdonald, Isabella Marshall Mohan, Teresa K. Rhodes, Edith V. Schultz, Orpha Carolyn Seitz, Ruth Irene Stone, Cora Lovina Tillou, Sarah Alma Ulmer, Edna L. Witter, Bessie M. Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Niagara Falls Portville Clarence East Otto Buffalo Cowlesville Orchard Park Irving Wellsville Kindergarten-primary course Flynn, Margaret M. Allegany Warren, Bessie Margaret Fruita, Col. Mohan, Mary Elizabeth Portville Gorges, Irene Kindergarten course Buffalo Ruth, Pearl Buffalo Household arts course Mugler, Lillian E. C. Buffalo GRADUATES, JUNE.I913 Elementary teachers course Andrews, Stella A. Buffalo Fitzgerald, Catherine Buffalo Baker, M. Edna Buffalo Forsyth, Margaret Batavia Baker, Pauline Bertha Tonawanda Fraser, Mary Minerva Buffalo Bender, Jeanette E. Forks Gedeohn, Clive V. Buffalo Benedict, Muriel Buffalo Gibbs, Leona Mary Franklinville Bill, Rosemary Eden Gilray, Phyllis Averill Buffalo Bley, Celia M. Hamburg Glauber, Marie A. Buffalo Bliven, Sophia W. Buffalo Greenwood, Charlotte A. Buffalo Bowman, Katherine Genevieve Falconer Hamelman, Mary Tresa Hornell Brady, Anastasia Buffalo Hayes, Clive F. Buffalo Brown, Hazel Catherine Clean Henel, Catherine Sophie Williamsville Burden, Gertrude H. Buffalo Hill, Mary Catherine Buffalo Burkhardt, Elizabeth Buffalo Howe, Cora Elizabeth Delevan Burns, Mary Buffalo Hucker, Katharine Monique Elma Center Carberry, Vincent A. Buffalo Hufstader, Matie L. Springville Chabot, Mary Mercedes Buffalo Hunt, H. Leigh Hamburg Clark, Alice G. Buffalo Hunter, Beulah May Buffalo Clark, Isabel Buffalo Irlbacker, Eleanor Eunice Buffalo Colwell, Mary Elizabeth Onoville Johnson, Elsie Evelyn Point Chautauqua Corcoran, Evelyn M. Buffalo Judge, Josephine M. Buffalo Cornell, Mildred L. Buffalo , Keicher, Ellen A. Forks Cowley, Florence Josephine Buffalo Keppel, Russell Newell Buffalo Cox, Grace Teresa Buffalo Kilcoyne, Kathleen Delphine Portageville Coyle, Gertrude Helen Buffalo Kleitz, Eloise Irene Buffalo Crane, Leila B. Addison Klein, Nora A. Boston Damato, Anna Buffao Knickenberg, Gertrude C. Buffalo Denzel, Mabel lola Buffalo Krebiel, Mattie A. Clarence Center DeVinney, G. Herbert Buffalo Larkin, Margaret Ellen Newfane Dycer, Charlee Elizabeth Buffalo Lee, Ruth E. Akron Dymond, Sylvia Edna East Pembroke Livingston, John A. Buffalo Eastland, Christine A. Depew McCarthy, John Joseph Buffalo Elliott, Maud T. Buffalo McConnell, Helen Pearl Buffalo Englund, Amanda Kathryn Clean McDonnell, Arthur Joseph Buffalo Farrell, James Edward Buffalo McKay, Alice Buffalo Fell, Margaret Niagara Falls McTague, Kathleen L. Buffalo Felt, Colletta Buffalo Maher, Michael Joseph Buffalo Fernbach, Rose Loretta Forks Mazurowska, Marie M. Buffalo Ferry, Eva L. Buffalo Mikulski, Florence G. Buffalo Finger, Lydia W. Clean Miller, Grace E. Williamsville FitzGerland, Anna M. Java Center Murphy, Eunice F. Lockport 118 Nellist, Florence M. O’Connor, Evelyn R. O’Donnell, Mary E. Ott, Delia Margaret Parker, Inez Sara Peck, M. Gertrude Perfield, Mary Louise Peterson, Jane Alvina Raffauf, Ella C. Regan, Elsie Martina Regan, Margaret Blanche Rehberg, Ella B. Reilein, Edith M. Reimann, Agnes B. Repp, Florence E. Reuter, Helena A. Rieman, Alice Rose Riggs, Florence Margaret Roach, Cornelia B. Rood, Bertha M, Rosa, Elizabeth B. Russell, Evelyn Elizabeth Sager, Alta Lodema Schaefer, Norma R. Shelbach, Ahna Elizabeth Shea, James L. Shepard, Gertrude Siekmann, Louise A. Lydonville Wayland Portage Lancaster Buffalo Wiscqy Batavia S. Bradford, Pa. Rome Buffalo Buffalo Angola Cowlesville Buffalo Buffalo Springville Buffalo Batavia Buffalo Corning Williamsville Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Lackawanna Buffalo Buffalo Sirdevan, Teresa Catherine Slopey, Xenia Diana Smith, Adah Beatrice Sperber, Ida C. Stafford, Marie Cecilia Stetson, Laura M. Stoesser, Gertrude B. W. Stratmeier, Helen A. Strubing, Bertha Mary Strubing, Mabelle E. Sullivan, Joseph Francis Summers, Edna M. Taylor, Alice Carmen Tefft, Lucy Luella Thompson, Florence Elnora Thomson, Jean Grierson Thum, Esther Marife Tiffany, Ruth Elizabeth Tillou, Alma Lucy Vallely, Edith Walker, Helen Gertrude Warne, Mildred Lois Wickham, Hazel Wilson, Eleanor Mackenzie Woelfie, Laura Fanny Wood, Marguerite Belle Woods, Gladys Leone Worden, Mayme Anabell Glean Springville East Aurora Buffalo Gowanda Buffalo Buffalo Hamburg Buffalo Buffalo Silver Springs Williamsville Buffalo Springville Lockport Titusville, Pa. Hamburg Palmyra Elma Center Cattaraugus Williamsville Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Orchard Park Buffalo Sanborn Delevan Kindergarten-primary course Eiss, Mildred E. • Buffalo Abbott, Viola D. Derry, Edith Mae Dixson, Emily W. Geoghegan, Marie A. Handy, May L. Hanrahan, Helena Marie Kindergarten course Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Lockport Akron Niagara Falls Hathaway, Georgia E. McLaughlin, Isabel Marie Rosenau, Shirley J. Sisson, Mildred H. Wallen, Eleanor E. Wilkie, F. Edith Buffalo Buffalo Buffalo Cuba Oil City Pa. Buffalo Mechanical drawing course Lowe, Harold Thomas Buffalo Fisher, Raymond S. Heald, George Nelson, James Elsworth Machine shop Niagara Falls Buffalo Lancaster practice course Strunk, Robert Louis Weiffenbach, Casper Mackay, Idaho Buffalo Balk, Joseph J. Coughlin, John Maul, Andrew Miner, Levi Harmon Joinery and cabinet-making course Mazurowski, Francis S. Buffalo Buffalo Pattern-making course Purvis, Robert Buffalo Collins Center Plumbing course Cole, Leonard J. Buffalo Buffalo Lockport Electrical construction course Warnhoff, David Buffalo Foundry practice course Webster, George W. Buffalo 119 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT CORTLAND GRADUATES IQ 1 3 Elementary teachers course Allen, Florence M._ Andrus, Hazel Lucile Armstrong;, Katherine Elizabeth Ball, Jennie Louise Bannen, Gertrude H. Bamum, Helen C. Baum, Lucy A. Beardsley, Ida E. Beatman, Bernice Fuller Bell, Catharine Zoe Bell, Olive J. Bensley, Pearl R. Bezio, Grace Josephine Brennan, Joanna Hayes Brigham, Bessie Lucille Brigham, Grace Lenore Britt, Eugene D. Brooks, Mabel Ada Brotherton, Florence Lorena Bryan, Arlie E. Burke, Agnes E. Carty, Clara T. Christian, Mildred Jane Clarke, Adeline Lillie Colvin, Carolyn Una Costello, Mary E. Crandall, Frances Elizabeth Crowley, Marie Isabelle Cuykendall, Ruth Mather Dewey, Lena May Dickinson, Ethel Dowling, Anna M. Dunn, Frances L: Dwyer, Helena F. Dykeman, Kate Flynn, Lucy Flynn, Marie Josephine Porshee, Bernice E. Gates, Bertha M. Grant, Elsie Rose Graves, Blanche Elizabeth Graves, Margaret Rebecca Griffin, H. Genevieve Haynes, Mildred Maxwell Haynes, Twila Mae Hinds, Ruth L. Hodskins, Marion B. Holbert, Theodora Clarke Hubbard, Gladys L. Hull, Mildred Jennison, Helen Evangeline Knapp, Carlotta A. Knight, Florence Loena Kniskern, Florence A. Lake, Claribel D. Lamson, Annie Isabel Lanigan, Charles T. Lanigan, Marie L. Lawson, Rose A. Lee, Jessie L. Leonard. Unus Ella Cortland Cortland Corning Cortland Ithaca Binghamton Cortland Cayuga Afton Cortland Cortland Barton Hogansburg Albany Lestershire Lestershire Pabius Auburn Cortland Preble Jamesville Homer Lestershire Mamaroneck Woodhull Norwich Fabius Syracuse Moravia Candor Weedsport Rome Syracuse East Syracuse Wilseyville Syracuse Binghamton McGraw Oxford Sennett Rome Clayton Binghamton Ballston Lake Cortland Cortland Hudson Waverly Edmeston Berlin Cortland Auburn Lodi Deposit Utica Vermontville Cortland Cortland Syracuse Montour Palls Harford Mills Long, Catherine E. Martin, Lena Grace McCarriagher, Mary Elizabeth McLaughlin, Rose E. McPherson, Anna R. McSweeney, Margaret E. Mignault, Cecile Eugenie Miller, Frances Murray Mineah, Marjorie C. Morris, Eloise C. Morse, Mildred Edith Mudge, Neva Pearl Munson, Lillia Isabelle Murphy, Jane Myers, Sada Marian O’Brien, Ellen O’Brien, Ellen Gertrude O’Brien, Marguerite Ellen O’Hara, Ethel O’Hara, Mary A. O’Reilly, Helen Perry, Wallace Lucas Powers, Winifred C. Proctor, Nellie Veronica Reagan, Ruth M. Real, Edith Reynolds, Alice Louise Robson, Myrtice E. Ryan, Frank J. Ryan, Jane May Ryan, Veronica L. Sarvay, Laura Schermerhorn, Mary B. Shadduck, Mary E. Shanley, Margaret E. Shaw, Marion A. Sheerin, Mary_ Slater, Katharine Green Smith, Laura J. Stark, Alice Elizabeth Stinard, Florence B. Strouse, Bessie Doris Sweeney, Anna E. Tallett, Azella A. Thompson, Cora E. Tierney, Mary A. Tozer, Mary E. Tucker, Jane Turner, Marie Susan Tuthill, Catherine Olive Van Duzer,. Susan Sayre Wackford, Marion Beatrice Wasson, Virginia P. Wells, Anna Phebe Whalen, Frances K. Whittle Zella Marguerita Willcox, Lois Velma Willis, Florence J. Wilson, Grace A. Winter, Grace Belle Youmans, Mildred A. Agan, Julia Agnes Barber, Mary E. Barry, Gwendolyn Beaty, Abby Juliette Boxheimer, Clara Louise Brown, Ruth M. Burr, Ann Spaulding Campbell, Mildred Cary, Lucie A. Cavanaugh, Marguerite Coffin, Pauline E. Kindergarten-primary course Syracuse Port Edward Flushing Johnsonville Ithaca Georgetown Pawling Elkland, Pa. Elmira Heights Palmyra Bald wins ville Corwin, Mabelle Dailey, M. Genevieve Decker, Minnie B. Dibble, Julia A. L. Downs, Hattie G. Erk, Helen A. Fay, Irene M. Fenelon, M arietta’ P. Gallagher, Theresa Gardner, Jessie L Gates, Ida May LaFayette McGraw Romulus ' Camden Canastota Cortland Syracuse Ithaca Cortland Solon Clayton McGraw Cortland Cato Owego Homer Canton Groton Binghamton Constableville Syracuse Cortland Jamesville Trumansburg [ Blodgett Mills Rome Lestershire Augusta Cortland Fort Edward LaFayette Cortland Cortland Cortland Camden Trumansburg Canastota Candor Cortland Riverhead Harford Elmira Glen Haven Cortland Cortland Syracuse Ithaca Homer Cortland Homer Horseheads Oxford Watkins Greene Auburn Syracuse Cortland Lisle Mamaroneck Cortlan d Whitney Point Cortland Deposit Waterloo McGraw Riverhead Elmira Heights Clinton Sag Harbor Oxford Marathon Homer 120 Groff, Mattie R. Harding, Cora L. Hetchler, Hazel B. Krancher, Ruberta A. Leavitt, Annie M. Merrill, Ruth Cleaves Mullin, Mary A. Pattee, Hortense Josephine Fort Plain Binghamton Franklinville Greenport Riverhead Lake Placid Syracuse Hudson Falls Peet, Grace Beatrice Smith, Doris M. Sprague, Florence Tanner Sprague, Leah Tanner Tallcott, Hazel Anna Watrous, Edna Earle Wise, Mary Ethel Young, Jane A. Cortland Palmyra Cortland Cortland Constantia Cortland Pompey Aquebogue Flanagan, Daniel F. McGraw, Edward Charles Miles, Warren E. Agricultural course Vesper Morrison, Maynard Milon Truxton Ryan, Frank J. Erieville Shill, Claude Edward Canton Fabius Avoca STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT FREDONIA- GRADUATES IQ 1 3 Elementary teachers course Anderson, Mabel Lillian Brocton Meeder, A. Lillian Westfield Anderson, Mable Ellen Brocton Merker, Helena A. Westfield Bie, Agnes Grace Forestville Milks, Irene B. East Randolph Blaisdell, Alice Mary Cherry Creek Olson, Mildred Estelle Dunkirk Blasdell, Flora May Dayton Ostrye, Mary Ellen Dunkirk Boardman, Ethel Luella East Randolph Page, Clarence Harold Westfield Brightman, Estelle Martha Mayville Palmer, Olive E. Fredonia Burlage, Stanley R. Fredonia Pettit, Lucy Elenora Fredonia Chapman, Anna Matilda Mayville Phelan, Helen Irene Forestville Cornwell, Ruth Eloise Sardinia Raymond, Lola D. Lily Dale Corwin, Mary Leone Limestone Reuter, Agnes Dunkirk Cross, Lulu Luthera Sinclairville Schwan, Werner Fredonia Daley, Bessie V. Dunkirk Scott, Edna Terry Fredonia Davis, Edith Carol Fredonia Skinner, Aline Brocton Dibble, Alice Elizabeth Westfield Skinner, Frances Floy Panama Estrom, Leila Marie Limestone Spencer, Harriet Elizabeth Cherry Creek Farnham, Hannah Agnes Brocton Spencer, Julia Alice Cherry Creek Griffith, Ruth Margaret Farmersville Smith, Hazel Roena Silver Creek Grover, Minnie Alta Binghamton Smith, William N. Albion Hankinson, Eva Louella Sinclairville Stacy, Nina Dorothy Little Valley Hansen, Helen Victoria Dunkirk Straight, Lena Pearl Cassadaga Havens, Emma Blanche Hornell Town, Elva Cattaraugus Hovey, Elizabeth Fredonia Tuttle, Susie L. Brocton Johnson, Ellen Frankie Sheridan Waite, Margaret Cassadaga Johnson, Lillian Isabel Falconer Warner, Lillian Mae Forestville Johnson, Margaret Cassada,ga Watt, Alexandria Fairport Keehn, Florence Lucile Dunkirk Willing, Ethel Young Sherman Keith, Nina A. Ripley Wiltsie, Daisy Mildred Randolph Luke, George C. Fredonia Wood, Ruth Rebecca Brocton McFadden, Ruth Lillian Westfield Woods, Louis Earnest Fredonia Manni, Pauline Aleetah Dunkirk Woods, Dora Harriet Gerry Martin, Louise S. Fredonia Kindergarten course Johnson, Elva Gladys Jamestown Rogger, Mildred Annette Dunkirk Kellogg, Mary Florena J amestown Quick, Edith Frances Titusville Kindergarten-primary course Bullock, Esther Caroline Cambridge Sp’s, Pa. Rhodes, Auleen Bertha Dunkirk Bunce, Clara Frances Frewsburg Wood, Ethel Mae Brocton Hoag, Florence Luella Dunkirk Music i course Clapp, Ethelyn Lorene Ellington Gould, Ethel Adelaide Fredonia Clark, Martha Frances Fredonm Hart, Mildred Goldberg Fredonia Crane, Irene Lillian Fredonia Drawing course Clapp, Ethelyn Lorene Ellington Hart, Mildred Goldberg Fredonia Crane, Irene Lillian Fredonia Spear, Ruby Irma Brocton Gould, Ethel Adelaide Fredonia 121 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT GENESEO GRADUATES I913 Elementary teachers course Albright, Esca L. Webster McGinty, Lina Anna Nunda Babcock, Lena F. Prattsburg McClure, Mabel Eliza Middlesex Beach, L. Viola Dundee MacDonell, Lura M, Bolivar Boylan, Edith Arkport Mac Mann, Elsie V. Greenport Britton, Florence Geneseo Marquett, Elizabeth Rhinebeck Broumowsky, Marie Rochester Marsh, Ruth Elizabeth Nunda Brown, Helen A. Port Jefferson Mannix, Abbie L. Sonyea Chase, John M. Geneseo Maxwell, Nellie M. Newport Clapper, Eva L. Canadaigua Mayne, Edna Jane Morgan ville Clendenning, Sophie P Avon Meyers, Lora Catherine Springville Coleman, Ada Adell Hilton Miller, Charlotte J. Penn Yan Cocoran, Margaret Grace Palmyra Monahan, Frances Clean Craig, Esther B._ Canaseraga Mooney, Edward Samuel, Jr. Dans ville Crittenden, Melissa H. Whitesville Murphy, Hazel Frances Salamanca Croston, Anna Mount Morris Newberry, Georgia A. Newport Culver, Mae Pavilion G’Brien, Margaret Middleville Curran, M. Agnes Mount Morris G’ Connor, Loretta Margaret Cameron Mills Curry, Helen H. Burns Patous, Ruby E. Pavilion Davis, Frank E. Geneseo Perkins, Maude M. Livonia DeMocker, Margaret J. Nunda Price, Pearl Montour Falls Diver, Ethel Mae East Pembroke Purdy, N. Edith Canandaigua Dieffenbacher, Ma^L. Geneseo Roberts, Lena Black Creek Driscoll, Ella S, Clean Sanderson, Ethel Elba Driscoll, Clive C. Glean Schaefer, John Joseph West New Brighton Drumm, Elizabeth M. Newport Schwingel, Cleo L. Burns Easterbrook, Harriet Jane Horseheads Seager, Sarah Elizabeth Bath Ellison, Laura J. Penn Yan Skivington, Elizabeth Mumford Forbes, Martha M. [Salamanca Slattery, Martha Ellen Atlanta Frenzel, Clara J. Corning Soper, Catherine Louise Avon Frey, Mary Elizabeth Corning Stevenson, Esther LeRoy Fiomholzer, Matilda T. Strykersville Stoll, Cora D. Machias Geise, Margaret A. Clean Stoll, Elizabeth Machias Gibbs, Lutie Clark Livonia Sullivan, Helen_ Baldwinsville Groden, Bertha H. Penn Yan Sutton, Marjorie M. Dundee Hall, Caroline Parks Geneseo Swanson, Marion E, Mount Morris Hall, Margaret Geneseo Tenbrook, Harriett A. Way land Halloran, Helen J. Canisteo Thomas, Mildred L. Fillmore Harman, KatherinelK. Interlaken Thompson, Maud E. Warsaw Harris, Bessie D. Sag Harbor Tuck, Florence M. Clyde Hays, Maude L. Wyorning Turner, Carrie Allegany Hawley, Neta K. Canandaigua Tuthill, Maude Southampton Hazen, Helen Gertrude Livonia VanCrsdale, Jennie L. York Hickey, Kathleen Helen Addison Vickland, Ellen Elizabeth Wells ville Houghton, Gertrud^L. Glean Walsh, Alice C. Mount Morris Howes, Merle Wyoming Walsh, Mary Louise Salamanca Jeffery, Edna Isabel Palmyra Weller, Maude Mount Morris Keeler, Delaphine Cohocton Wellman, Anna L. Pavilion Kipp, Mary E. Penn Yan Werner, Alfred Cox Geneseo Launt, Annabel Sidney Werner, Myrtle Adella Nunda LeGro, Ella Savona Wolf, Marguerite B. Dansville Locker, Mary E, Greenport Wyman, Beulah A. D arien Center Mattice, Ida May Bath Kindergarten-primary course Bussell, Margaret Gilmore Carroll, Gertrude Chapman, Hazel Bliss Dolphin, Kathleen Donley, Mariam Lucile Geer, Lois P. Gilman, Janet Haire, Lauretta Heath, Elsie May Hopper, Hazel Emma Ingalls, Helen Marguerite Glean Horn ell Penn Yan Kane North Cohoctcn Irondequoit Mount Morris Horn ell Avon Horn ell Hornell Jaffray, Margaret B. McIntyre, Sylvia Louise Nelson, Susannah C. Scofield, Ellen L. Sutherland, Pearl Taber, Ruth Christianna Van Kirk, Amy A. Ward, Elizabeth Lane Wells, Annette Eliza Winchell, Grace Ruth ZixTimer, Harriett T. Rochester Hornell Coudersport, Pa. Allegany Caledonia Bradford, Pa. Waterloo Hammondsport Avoca Clyde Hammondsport Kindergarten course Jones, Jennie Quinby Henrietta 122 Teacher librarian course Alger, Evelyn Honeoye Farrell, Mary Therese Macedon Babel, Estelle Catherine Clean Moran, Julia Louise Avon STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT NEW PALTZ Allen, Elizabeth Allen, Julia P. Anderson, Alice Apkes, Emma A, Baily, Emma K. Beck, Irma E. Beers, Edith M. Benson, Florence M. Bowman, Cornelia Brough, Lilian N. Brown, Gertrude S. Brown, Vera M. Bull, Elizabeth A. Burnett, Elizabeth Campbell, Luella E. Cheshire, Harriet E. Clarke, Mary A. Cocks, Alice Cooke, Madelene M. Covert, Myra E. Dalton, Anna G. Decker, Ethel Dolson, Guy C. B. DuBois, Nellie A. Easton, Ruth G. Farrell, Anna M. Fleming, Mary E. Fletcher, Edna F. Foley, Theressa H. Fredd, Mabel E. Gemmill, Ruth Gerken, Theresa F. Ginsburg, Rose Hallenbeck, Eva M. Hallpck, Marguerite Harris, Marjorie Hays, Lila M. Hazard, Genevieve Healey, Cecilia L. Hedges, Clara B. Herbert, Ethel C. Holmes, Viola S. Hoyt, Mildred S. Hyndman, Elizabeth J. Illensworth, Estelle Inglee, Emma G. GRADUATES IQ 1 3 Elementary teachers course Port Washington Peekskill Cold Spring Schenectady New Paltz Sag Harbor Harrison Highland Clinton Corners Brooklyn Gouverneur East View Goshen Montgomery Newburgh Bayville Tompkins Cove Poughkeepsie Poughkeepsie West Park Goshen Highland New Paltz New Paltz Gouverneur Highland Falls Rosendale Brooklyn Newburgh Ellenville Middletown North^Tarrytown Kingston Hudson Patchogue Montgomery Walden Sag Harbor Kingston Patchogue Peekskill Walden Matteawan Newburgh New Paltz Amityville Jacobi, Marguerite Jaconson, Ethel M. Jessup, Phebe D. Ludlam, Martha S. McDonough, Anna A. McGuirk, Mary A. Mauro, Carmela M. Maxwell, Anna E. Mengel, Jennie E. Miller, Veronica Minihan, Mary E. Muldowney, Rosamond Murphy, Edith Newell, Ruth B. Nichols, Cornelia R. Nicklin, Blanche Nielsen, Pearl E. O’Reilly, Agnes M. Peattie, A. Estelle Powell, Anna M. Pugh, Carolyn A. Relf, Elsie A. Rice, Lottie Riley, Lillian R. Rogers, Mae C. Rogers, Mary V. Russell, Lulu M. Ryan, Emma H. Ryan, Kathleen A. Schopper, Christiana L. Smith, Abby K. Smith, Fanny W. Smith, Lillian M. Somerest, Ethel Spencer, Marguerite Stickel, Ruth Stone, Mildred F. Teehan, Mary M. Torrence, Hattie J. Townsend, Mabel E. Traviss, Florence Webb, Bertha F. Weed, Miriam H. Weeks, Nona M. Wheeler, Marion E. Wilson, Ellen P. Philmont Mahopac Florida Hewletts Cold Spring Harbor Cold Spring Gloversville Y onkers Newburgh Highland Falls Poughkeepsie , Poughkeepsie Port Jervis Gouverneur Peekskill Marlborough Mount Vernon Poughkeepsie Fishkill-on-Hudson Amityville Mount Kisco Poughkeepsie Rock Hill Newburgh West Point Newburgh Matteawan Newburgh Peekskill West Point Patchogue H ast ings-on-H udson Poughkeepsie Walden Gouverneur Staatsburg Kingston Delhi Mamaroneck Highland Stanfordville Claverack Rocklet Patchogue Kingston Bronx Manor H Berg, Matilda L. Boyd, Florence W. Burnett, Edith M. DeWitt, Bessie L. Ennis, Kate R. Graves, Jessie D. Ketcham, Ruth Leonard, Ethel V. Kindergarten-primary course Tillson Otisville Montgomery New Paltz Stony Brook Watertown Northport Tarry town MacCallin, Mattie J. Mellert, Myrtle Mitchell, Jessie A. Palmer, Beatrice C. Russell, Madelon Smith, Florence M. Winkelmann, Hilda M. Dutchess Junction Rosendale Fort Washington Millerton Tarry town Port Washington Highland Falls 123 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT ONEONTA Arnold, Sarah Barber, E. Olive Batty, Anna G. Belknap, Agnes L. Bennett, Arthur T. Benson, Flossie M. Blend, Ethel K. Bowen, Helen A. Bradbury, Sarah H. Brandt, Edna C. Bronson, Grace W. Brostrom, Ruth I. Burch, Naomi C. Cain, Cora B. Campbell, Vesta H. Carney, Anna E. Carroll, Marie A. Casey, Agnes N. Castle, Mabel C. Cleaver, Ella J. Conboy, Elizabeth Cooper, Florence E. Crosby , Mertle L. Cummings, Doris J. Cummings, Edith M. Davis, Lulu B. Dickinson, Bessie M. Eastman, Kathryn B. Erka, Sophia C. Farrar, Grace E. Field, Edith Fitzgerald, Gertrude M. Fletcher, Mary E. Fullem, Margaret E. Gile, Nellie A. Goodenow, Anna L. Goodman, Kathleen J. Graham, Lillian B. Grant, Helen G. Greene, Edna M. Gunning, Mary K. Gustin, Grace E, Hansman, Martha E. Hardin, Ethyl L. Harford, Carrie M. Harrington, Sarah E. Hatcher, Laura L. Helmer, Laura B. Heydtmann, Gertrude H. Higby, Nellie B. Higgins, Bertha M. Higgins, Elizabeth A. Hodges, Dorothy L. Hoke, Mary J. Horn, Emily H. Howell, Josephine T. Hubbell, Ida A. Jeffery, C. Rachel Jencks, Rachel Jones, Claudia E. Jones, Lillian W. Joynt, Ruth A. Keays, Beulah Kehoe, Mary V. Kelley, Jane I. Kelly, Hannah E. King, Dora 1 . Kinsella, Elizabeth M. Kirk, Mary E. Krom, Alice Lantry, Alice F. Loomis, Rhetta R. GRADUATES I913 Elementary teachers course Dolgeville Corinth Schaghticoke Hancock White Plains Wassaic Oneonta Saratoga Springs Binghamton Utica Oneonta Hagaman Hart wick Richmondville Milford Ilion Hamilton Smithville Flats Bartlett Schuylerville Utica Adams Utica Bayonne, N. J. Oriskany Falls Herkimer Guilford Fort Ann Edmeston Warrensburg White Plains Bouckville Shavertown Frankfort Oneonta Utica Warrensburg Andes Delhi Palmer Ticonderoga Oneonta Schaghticoke Schenectady Sidney Gilbertsville Oneonta Herkimer Oneonta Middleville Greenwich Greenwich Gansevoort Cooperstown White Plains White Plains Roxbury Trumansburg Ilion Remsen Utica Rome Warrensburg West Winfield Witherbee Corinth Clayville Utica Clinton High Falls Kingston Burlington Flats Luce, Dorothy M. McDonald, Ethel D. McMahon, Elizabeth C. McNeilly, Helen D. McRorie, Vera A. Mackey, Estelle M. Marsh, Ella M. Maxted, Eugenia S. Merriman, Letha 1 . Miller, C. Louise Molineux, Mildred Moody, Helen M. Morgan, Winifred L. Morrell, Mercedes G. Muldowney, Margaret F. Myers, Ida H. Nestle, Mary E. Noonan, Margaret Nugent, Katherine C. Osborn, Ruth B. Osborne, Kathaleen I. Palmiter, Ruth L. Park, Gertrude D. Patterson, Helen E. Pine, Florence L. Ramsey, Marguerite C. Riley, Loretta T. Rogers, Minnie E. Rooney, Katherine M. Roth, Louise Schied, Marie L. Seaman, Catherine R. Seufert, Katharine Sewell, Ruth M. Seymour, Georgianna M. Sherburne, Adelaide B. Sherman, Beulah C. Siltz, Beatrice W. Simpson, Amy A. Smith, Grace W. Smith, Leona M. Spicer, Florence B. Stanton, Anna M. Strickland, Delia Taylor, Helen A. Toles, Ethel G. Tompkins, Helen G. Tooker, Emily Towt, Elizabeth J. Towt, Mary V. Traver, Inez M. Turner, Ida M. Vandusen, Jessie M. Vandyke, Ruth L. Vanhorne, Evelyn H. Verplanck, Helen E, Waldo, Ethel M. Walthart, Ethel M. Weber, Adelaide Wells, Mary A. Werdge, Amelia M. West, Ada E. Wheeler, Mabel B, White, Marie E. Wilcox, Allie M. Wilcox, Madge R. Williams, Marietta Williams, Ruth M. Wright, Elizabeth T. Wykes, Frances E. Yokey, Blanche M. Oneonta Cooperstown Utica White Plains Milford Meridale Oneonta Springfield Center Wells Bridge Cleveland, O. Middleville Saratoga Spririgs Granville Syracuse Saratoga Spa New Lisbon Fort Plain Schenevus Oneonta Milford North Creek Brookfield Saratoga Springs Port Jervis Walton Luzerne Valley Falls Binghamton Binghamton Varysburg Utica Unadilla Utica Oneonta Oneonta So. New Berlin Corinth Port Chester Brooklyn Sherrill Oneonta Richmondville Granville Binghamton Schenectady Gilbertsville Oneonta Port Jefferson Nyack Nyack New Berlin Melrose Fergusonville Cornwallville Sidney White Plains Rome Callicoon Orange, N. J. N ewport Utica Glens Falls Clinton Rye Worcester Oriskany Falls Granville Remsen Worcester Otsego V ernon 124 Brown, Helen E. Cornish, Marion F. Dersey, Laura F. Gillen, Winifred E. Grinnell, Gladys E. Hallenbeck, Maude L. Hopkins, Ina I. Hunter, Elizabeth W. Jones, Catharine A. Jones, Vera N. Kittell, Olive C. Kindergarten-primary course Leonardsville Carmel Rome Lyons Falls Broadalbin Fort Chester Oneonta Johnstown Utica Poland Kinderhook Medbury, Anna B. Miller, Helene R. Mitchell, Edith M. Phelps, Bessie Riley, Edith M. Staley, Majorie Stilson, Ida Swift, Ruth M. Wells, Ruth H. White, E. Irene Wilson, Mae R. New Berlin Oneonta East Meredith South Edmeston Oneonta Dolgeville Delhi Mohawk Oneonta Taberg Oneonta STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT OSWEGO GRADUATES, JANUARY I913 Elementary teachers course Bidinger, Margaret Anna Carpenter, Marcia Nora Connelly, Vivian Frances Crahan, Bernadette Annette Crowley, Daniel Haralla, Anthony T. Hitt, Mildred A. Ingalls, Corinne Matilda Keefe, Abram Charles Loos, Helen Wilson Mack, Agnes Catherine Syracuse Oswego Fulton Fulton East Florence Oswego Central Square Oswego Oswrego Walton Oswego Murray, Gertrude Regina Fishkill-on-Hudson O’Hara, Anna Mae Oswego Owens, Emma Mary Oswego Park, Bessie _ Wolcott Randall, Alice Louise Liverpool Scheutzow, Evelyn Josephine Oswego Sculley, Francis Marie Oswego Terry, Margaret Josephine Stamford Travis, Eva Pearl Herkimer White, Pearl S. Norwich Kind erg arte n-p rimary course Bliss, Ethel Van Derveer Burr, Minnie Louise Hack, Marjorie Bertha Baldwin sville Oswego Syracuse Jenkins, Josephine Emma Law, Charlene Adelle N ester, Irene Estella Adams M anlius Geneva Manual arts course Sylvester, Harold Dexter Fulton GRADUATES, JUNE I913 Elementary teachers course Allis, Majorie May Archer, William Earl Aylesworth, Ada Lucille Bannon, Anna Catherine Barber, Leah Blakeslee, Inez Clarissa Boylen, Agnes Mary Brown, Dorothy Bunker, D. Leon Byrne, Ethel Isabel Carroll, Helen Marion Cavanaugh, Jennette L. Chard, Jessie Beatrice Cochrane, Harriette S. Cole, Bertha Emily Coppernoll, Olive Ruth Corrigan, Katharine Marie Crimmins, Anna Alice Davis, Ethel Florence Denton, Estelle P. Depew, Susie Adelaide Deuel, Mabel Etta Donahue, Helen Louise Dowd, Elizabeth Cecil Drumm, Mary Louise Dunn, Irene Elizabeth Eckes,. Doraetta Eddy, Jessie Gertrude Farley, Lucy Farmer, Florence C. Rye Lowville Fulton Copenhagen Jordan Canisteo Oswego Elbridge Oswego Oswego Oswego Ogdensburg New Hartford Oswego Syracuse Oswego Oswego Harrisville Middletown Oswego Peekskill Barneveld Oswego Rome Oswego Rome Y onkers Richland Oswego Mexico Finnegan, Marie Elizabeth Newcomb Galloway, Ruth Yonkers Gardner, Beatrice Sturtyvant Westtown Gleason, Katharine Oswego Green, Elizabeth Kathryn Fayetteville Groat, Isabel Margaret Oswego Hamlin, Bessie May Liverpool Hawkins, Agnes Marie Oswego Heacock, Laura E. I Gloversville Hendley, Mary Chelsey Camden Hilbert, Sophie Elizabeth Oswego Holley, Geraldine Louise Mexico Hunt, Marguerite Louise Oswego Hutchinson, Alice Josephine Oswego Kiley, Jessie Louise Baldwinsville King, Florence Christina Oswego Loftus, Laura Victoria Oswego Lynch, Grace Elizabeth Fulton Lynch, Kathryn Ogdensburg Mallory, Iris C. Walton McBride, Alice Isabelle Utica McCarthy, Kathleen Marie Baldwinsville McCollum, M. Marie Fulton McCriskin, Marie A. Oswego MacDonald, Camilla Leona Mount Kisco McKinstry, Marietta Van Denmark Oswego McPeak, Anna Marie Jordan Moore, Ruth Grinnell _ Utica Maroney, Genevieve Louise Oswego Maroney, Helen J. Port Byron 125 Maroney, Margaret Elizabeth Nelson, Ruth Amy Northrop, Hazel E. O’Brien, Anna Josephine O’Connor, Alice Elizabeth O’Grady, Marie O’Reilly, Estella D. Parsons, Edith Moffatt Parsons, Helen F, Pease, Ruth Elizabeth Peterson, Hilda Marie Powell, Elsa Julia Raby, Margaret Mary Raynor, Charlotte Elizabeth West Remington, Stella Robbins, Harriet Frances Robinson, Florence Adelaide Rogers, Marie C. Schneider, Ruth Margaret Schutt, Florence Alta Shalibo, Teressa Elizabeth Auburn Fulton Oswego Utica Oswego Oswego Camillus Roxbury Marcellus Oswego Dobbs Ferry Blossvale Oswego Hampton Beach Phoenix Durhamville Oswego Fulton Oswego Kingston Union Springs Shea, Ethel Marie Sinclair, Anna Laura Slauson, Nina Ella Smith, Estella Mary Smith, Gladys Sarah Smith, Mabel Leonora Smith, Mercy Somers, Florence Wilkins Stebbins, Rena Catherine Stewart, Elsie M. Stone, Frederick Losee Tiby, Mary Josephine Tidnam, Alice Blanche Van Wie, Marion Babbitt White, Greta Frenchon Whitney, Olive Clara Whittemore, Sadie E. Wiesner, Dorothy Emma Wilcox, Harriet Mae Wood, Alice Vera Woods, Eugenia Beatrice Wright, Bertha Harriette Oswego Lysander Oswego Vernon Center Vernon Center Clyde Fonda Belgium Williamson Baldwinsville Syracuse Syracuse Yonkers Randall Walton Oswego Fulton New York Fulton West Martinsburg Oswego Oswego Kindergarten-primary course Allen, Lois Bell Crane, Ellen Elizabeth Dullea, Mary Lianda Hayes, Edith Mae Johnson, Alice Marie Leahy, Anna Loretto Moran, Minnie Elizabeth Oswego Ostrom, Nenah’^Belle Oswego Sheffield, Ruth Mary Massena Springs Simonson, Grace May Solvay Stanton, Hazel Olive Little Falls Wagner, Julia D. Little Falls Williams, Ruth Eveline Fort Hunter Wood, Genevieve Oxford Fort Plain Lynbrook Oneida Fort Plain Syracuse Middletown Kindergarten course Austin, Elizabeth Graham Utica Jenne, Marion Ruth Close, Alison Jean Gouverneur Leonard, Ruth M. Oswego Binghamton Brunswick, Harry Bullock, Carl Henry Gregory, Ethel Maude Hardie, Orla Hopkins, Thomas Wells Langan, Paul Conway Manual arts course Oswego Oswego Lockport Mexico Fulton Oswego May, Joseph Leslie Peterson, Ellen Mary Roda, Charles William Wetmore, Edwin Delos Wilson, Marcia Marion Wilson, Mary Belle Oswego W ashingtonville Walton Oswego Appleton Appleton STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT PLATTSBURG GRADUATES I913 Elementary teachers course Ash, Julia Louise Burns, Mary Elizabeth Benjamin, Minerva M. Burke, Mary Frances Buxton, Laura Albertine Bessette, Celeste Catherine Cahill, Mary Margaret Emmons, Jessie Maude Finnigan, Jannette Kathryn Finnessey, Anna Veronica Fennell, Elizabeth Cecilia Finn, Anna R. Gilroy, Helen Teresa Judd, Jessie Evelyn Long, Ellen Mary Ticonderoga Port Henry Whitehall Mineville Plattsburg Plattsburg Plattsburg Bloomingdale Plattsburg Schenectady Saratoga Springs Fort Edward Winooski, Vt. Plattsburg Plattsburg Lucas, Matilda Veronica Lobdell, Ruth Barker Murtagh, Mary Marguerite McCannah, Catherine Florence McGaulley, Grace Loretta M inkier, Gladys Ethel Morgan, Mary Helena Nash, Catherine Grace Page, Mary Evelyn Ryan, Katherine Helen Robinson, Katherine Prances Ryan, Margaret Veronica Stafford, Dell Rosamond Varno, Geraldine C. Wolfe, Rebecca B. Saratoga Springs Plattsburg Chazy Ticonderoga Plattsburg Chazy Whitehall Plattsburg Keeseville Rouses Point Stowe, Vt. Rouses Point Keeseville Port Henry Plattsburg Kindergarten-primary course Hudson, Coranell Mabel Plattsburg Lansing, Kathryn Prescott Plattsburg 126 Commercial course Birdlebough, Iva Cornelia Carr, Kathryn A. Cogan, Kathryn Louise Callis, Evangeline Propson Dorwaldt, Clara Louise Dayton, Helen M. R. Fish, Bessie S. Fish, Mildred Ethel Ives, Bessie Ann Oothoudt, Elizabeth M. Cortland Salem Saratoga Springs Poughkeepsie Catskill Plattsburg Fort Edward Fort Edward Walton Cortland Osterhaudt, Leslie E. Russell, Mary Morgan Race, Melissa Genevieve Riggs, Harold Arthur Streeter, Vianna J. Smith, Frances DeLord Wilson, Mary Brown Weaver, Jessie Winifred Winnie, Grace Munro Scotia Schenectady Ilion Turin Johnstown Plattsburg Rome Morrisonville Fort Edward STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT POTSDAM GRADUATES, IQ 1 3 Elementary teachers course Agnew, Florence Gladys Alexander, Lillian Katherine Barnard, Nina Barnhart, Adda Catherine Bartholomew, Bernice May Bellows, Eva Katherine Bellows, Lulie May Bradley, Eva Ellen Bradley, Vida Victoria Kathleen Briggs, Mabel Elizabeth Broderick, John Henry Buckley, Mary Teresa Cahill, Helen Louise Canton, Esther Louise Carlisle, Frances Mary Cleland, Myrtle Eveline Connelly, Edgar Anthony Connolly, Mary Margaret Converse, Iva Louise Copps, Abbie Maryette Corp, Georgia Pearl Crandall, James Benham Day, Grace Jeanette Dayton, Mary Grace Dickerman, Alma Ruth Dumas, Blanche Ora Earle, Mildred Frederica Eiger, Anita Isora Elliott, Harold Robert Elsey, Ruth Mae_ Emery, Oliver Orin Fay, Edna Veronica Fay, Lulu Julia Finnegan, Agnes Gerlough, Eva Mae Garvey, Ella Irene Gilmour, Grace Elizabeth Griffin, Anastasia Guiney, Gertrude Anna Haig, Bessie Faith Haig, Ethel Irene Hayes, Anna Veronica Hayes, Estella Janes Hays, Mildred Leone Haywood, Leah Marie Hildreth, Ruby Annette Hilling, Isabella Elizabeth Potsdam Deferiet Canton Potsdam Potsdam Bannerhouse Bannerhouse Potsdam Ogdensburg Watertown Ellenburg Depot Brasher Falls Fine Massena Malone Eneryville Potsdam Potsdam Potsdam Chauteaugay La Fargeville Hannawa Falls Ogdensburg Potsdam Carthage Evans Mills Owl’s Head Massena Springs Potsdam DeKalb West Stockholm Potsdam Potsdam Saranac Lake Watertown Massena Morristown Carthage Potsdam Madrid Springs Madrid Springs South Colton Colton Potsdam Potsdam Potsdam Sacketts Harbor Hodge, Ethel May Hough, Burnetta Grace Hubbard, Mabel Edna Hughs, Ella Mae Ives, Florence May Jones, Margaret Catherine Kellaher, Anna Mae Kellogg, Vera May Lance, Nellie Mae Lanktree, Marcia Blanche Lawrence, Lottie E. Leonard, Onna Tressa Loyd, Lillian Inez Martin, Veronica Marie Matthews, Anna Laura Matthews, Letitia May Maxwell, Florence Cameron McCulloch, Margaret Estelle McKillip, Elizabeth Maude Moore, Margaret Louise Mosher, Charlotte Alvira Murphy, Veronica Olmstead, Harry Lester Olmstead, Stella Lovisa O’Neil, Anastasia Elizabeth Orr, Bessie Rice- Page, Gladys Alice Ramsdell, Dorothy Reid, Helen Adelaide Roach, Mary Agnes Robertson, Lome Stuart Rhodes, Annie Santway, Marion Severance, Mae Pearl Simmons’, Lucy Maud Spencer, Lou Fedelia Sterling, Alice Bradford Sullivan, Lela Sweat, Mildred Hudson Thomas, Nina Orlettie Utley, Grace Mae Van Dyke, Marguerite M. Wainwright, Grace Elizabeth Wells, Pearle Margaret Wheeler, Carrie Louise White, Laura Boyd Watertown Potsdam Rochester, Vt, Manns ville Ticonderoga Remsen Winthrop Lowville Three Mile Bay Potsdam Massena DeKalb Junction Ogdensburg Potsdam Nichol ville Massena Utica Brown ville Saranac Lake Malone Nichol ville Massena Hannawa Falls Potsdam Massena Potsdam Parishville Dickinson Center Hammond Potsdam Madrid Ilion Malone Potsdam Potsdam Brushton Potsdam Talcville Ticonderoga Adams Center Pulaski Rensselaer Falls DeKalb Junction Lisbon Potsdam Morristown Kindergarten-primary course Allen, Anna Pearl Bresee, Mabel Mildred Clark, Gertrude Marion Clark, Mary Katherine _ Connolly, Grace Catherine Coy, Lucena Estella , Hastings, Bernice Laura Lehman, Violet Frances Logan, Helen Frances Loiselle, Ethel Marion McClise, Olive Irene Hammond McLeod, Winnifred Bessie Fine Parishville Roy, Nellie Redwood Canton Saunders, Amy Veda Moira Ogdensburg Simmons, Margaret Clara Potsdam Norfolk Stewart, Margaret Clara Potsdam Rensselaer Falls Stone, Nina Adelaide Potsdam DeKalb Junction Sturtevant, Laura A. _ Theresa Sackets Harbor Sylvester, Nette Garphelia Black River Waddington Tucker, Constance Olivia Parishville Lowville Van Dresser, Beatrice Gloversville Morristown