THE UNIVERSITY 
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 14685 -S 
 
DRAUGHON’S 
 
 
 PRACTICAL SPELLER 
 
 AND 
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 FOR USE IN 
 
 Commercial Colleges and 
 High Schools 
 
 By 
 
 H. HERBERT COONE 
 
 I 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 THE DRAUGHON TEXT-BOOK COMPANY 
 Nashville, Tenn. 
 
Copyright, 1915 
 By 
 
 )W ORAUGHON TEXT-BOOK COMPANY 
 
C«M» | © ' ft 
 
 1 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 t f*Tp\HERE is no cause for alarm as to the permanency of our sys- 
 
 1 tern of spelling. From its earliest adoption it has been a 
 ~ shining mark for the assaults of men; and among these the 
 “fonetics” have been most active, constantly striving to transform 
 the Websterian beauty of our words into Josh-Billings awkwardness 
 and absurdity. With some it has been an honest effort to so simplify 
 spelling as to put its attainment within reach of the unlearned. 
 Others, however, have tampered with the system for no other reason 
 than this very patent one: their own illiteracy inhibited their ever 
 mastering it; in other words, instead of seeking to elevate themselves 
 to the realm of proficiency in the art of spelling, they have made a 
 supreme effort to reduce it to their own level, which has been, and 
 must ever be, a failure. 
 
 Confessedly, our orthography is intricate, and necessarily so; for 
 it is a science, and all science is predicated on intricacy and difficulty, 
 offering and presenting its reward of mastery only to those who are 
 willing to pay the price of diligent, constant, searching investigation. 
 
 This book does not, of course, comprehend all the terms of the 
 English language; nor, indeed, does it claim to be exhaustive in the 
 matter of definitions. It is made up of five thousand words — words 
 which constitute the vocabularies of the commercial and social 
 worlds — with the meanings generally intended to be conveyed by 
 those using them. In a volume of this size it would be impossible to 
 give all the different uses of the words selected; yet a study of the 
 book will reveal that it is unique in that it gives within the smallest 
 compass the greatest number of definitions. 
 
 It will be observed that the idea throughout the vocabulary has 
 been to mark with a semicolon the point at which a radically differ- 
 ent meaning is introduced, only commas being employed where the 
 definitions are expressed with synonyms. 
 
 While the abbreviation immediately following each word in the 
 vocabulary indicates the part of speech of that particular word, it 
 does not signify that the word is exclusively of that part ol speech; 
 for a great many words can be used as both nouns, verbs, and adjec- 
 tives, but limited space forbids our giving the various uses of every 
 word in the vocabulary, though in some cases we have done so. 
 
 The dotted line preceding each word is foT the benefit of short- 
 QQOO ! ~7 
 
 I / 
 
draughon’s practical, speller. 
 
 "hand pupils, who should in each instance supply the line with the 
 shorthand symbol of the adjacent word. 
 
 The teacher should study the book diligently, familiarizing himself 
 with its general scheme, so that he can enlarge upon and elaborate 
 its definitions and promote its purpose: to teach the pupil how to 
 spell, speak, and write the words given in its pages. 
 
 It is possibly too much to hope that the book may prove indispen- 
 sable to all who engage in its study; anyway, the author trusts that 
 thousands may bear testimony to its helpfulness. H. H. 0. 
 
 Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 POOR SPELLING 
 
 Poor spelling, being inexcusable, is not tolerated in business to-day. 
 It has been well and truly said by business men: “When you see a 
 stenographer out of a job, you may be sure that that stenographer is 
 more in need of a dictionary than of a job.” As its name indicates, this 
 is a combination book, being both a speller and a dictionary. While it 
 should be studied by both Shorthand and Bookkeeping students, it is 
 recommended especially for use by Shorthand students; in fact, it is in- 
 dispensable to them. Throughout the vocabulary of the book, there is, 
 adjacent to each word, a blank space for the word’s Shorthand outline, 
 which the Shorthand student supplies. Thus, when the student finishes 
 the Shorthand Course, no matter what system he writes, he has a “Short- 
 hand Dictionary” of which he is joint compiler, so to speak. By assign- 
 ing as a lesson for advanced Shorthand students — those who are taking 
 dictation — the words on about two pages of the book, the students, at 
 their rooms after school hours, to write, in black ink, the Shorthand out- 
 lines of these words in the places provided for them, the teacher will get 
 the best results from the use of the book. 
 
 On the school day next following the assignment of this lesson, the 
 teacher should have the advanced class to assemble and exchange books — 
 one student handing his book to another student, the latter giving the 
 former his book, and so on, until no student is in possession of his own. 
 book — and one student to correct the work of another, A correcting B’s 
 work, B correcting A’s work, while the teacher writes the correct out- 
 lines on the blackboard. Each student should use red ink in making cor- 
 rections, and should write his initials at the bottom of each page on 
 which he makes corrections, so that he may be held responsible for any 
 miscorrection which he makes. (This rule should also be follow*ed in 
 regular spelling classes.) Both the correct outlines and the incorrect 
 outlines should remain forever in the book. It will be readily seen that 
 this method encourages and stimulates close study and the forming of 
 the habit of accuracy on the part of the student. Before writing a Short- 
 hand outline in his book, where it is to remain permanently, the student 
 is pretty sure to exercise much thought and to make diligent research 
 in order to give the correct outline. And even his incorrect outlines, with 
 the red-ink corrections, will be of especial value to him, for he can refer 
 to them at any time for guidance and for assistance in avoiding the mak- 
 ing of mistakes. 
 
 When a student completes the study of the book by this plan, if he 
 has not made incorrect outlines for many words, he may be excused from 
 class; but if his outline work is poor, if his incorrect outlines are in the 
 majority or especially numerous, he should purchase another book and 
 do his outlining in the new book. When a student is ready for this work, 
 he may go into the class, no matter upon what part of the book the class 
 is working. A Shorthand student engaged in this work will find his 
 regular “Shorthand Dictionary” very hepful to him. In many cases, when 
 one is told how to spell a word, he forgets it. In most cases, when one 
 devotes some time to looking up and familiarizing himself with a word — 
 its spelling, its meaning, etc. — he remembers it; it becomes a part of his 
 education. So, when a Shorthand student consults his “Shorthand Dic- 
 tionary” with regard to the outline of a word, looking at it closely, that 
 outline photographs itself, so to speak, on his mind, and becomes his 
 possession, a part of his vocabulary. 
 
RULES FOR SPELLING. 
 
 I T would require a great deal more space than is at command to 
 lay down an unvarying rule for the guidance of the student at 
 every point of difficulty encountered in spelling. Anyway, we 
 have found it far more satisfactory to fasten on the mind the exact 
 way in which a word is spelled than to memorize and apply a dry 
 rule therefor. Moreover, our orthography is so irregular that we no 
 more than fix a rule than we find that the exceptions to be noted are 
 greater in scope than the body of the rule. There are, however, 
 some rules of universal application, and they will be found very 
 helpful to those who familiarize themselves with them. 
 
 1. Ei follows c soft; as, deceive , receive , etc. le follows other con- 
 sonants; as, believe , reprieve , relieve , etc. 
 
 2. Final ful is always f-u-l, and fully, fu-Wy. The plural of ful is 
 formed by simply annexing s ; as, spoonfuls , handfuls , basketfuls , etc. 
 
 3. Words ending in e generally omit the e when taking an addi- 
 tional syllable beginning with a vowel — as, invade , invading — but 
 retain the e when the additional syllable begins with a consonant; 
 as, pale , paleness . Common exceptions to this rule are dye , dyeing ; 
 singe , singeing; judgment, acknowledgment , abridgment , argument , 
 etc. 
 
 4. Where e is preceded by c or g it is retained upon adding able ox 
 ous; as, peace , peaceable; charge , chargeable; advantage , advanta- 
 geous; courage , courageous . If it is preceded by o, it is retained 
 before ing; as, shoe , shoeing; hoe , hoeing . 
 
 5. A monosyllable, as also a word accented on the last syllable, 
 when it ends in a consonant preceded by a single vowel, doubles th& 
 final consonant on taking a suffix beginning with a vowel; as, tan , 
 tanned; begin , beginning . 
 
 0. The plurals of nouns regularly end in s, or, in certain classes of 
 words, in es. Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant form their 
 plurals by adding es and changing y into i; as, mercy , mercies; sky , 
 skies. This rule includes words ending in guy , in which u, being pro- 
 nounced like w , is strictly a consonant; as, colloquy , colloquies . When 
 the singular of a noun ends in preceded by a vowel (except u hav- 
 ing the power of w ), the plural is regularly formed, by adding s only; 
 as, key , keys; money , moneys; monkey , monkeys , etc. 
 
 7. The possessive singular is generally formed by adding the opos* 
 trophe and s (’s) to the nominative singular; the possessive plural, by 
 adding simply the apostrophe (’ ) to the nominative plural; as, boy , 
 5o?/’s, & 02 /s\ When the nominative plural is not formed regularly — 
 that is, by adding s to the singular — the possessive plural is formed 
 the same as the possessive singular, by adding * s to the nominative 
 plural: as, men , men's; women ^ women's; children , children's . 
 
 (5) 
 
1 tell you earnestly, you must get into the habit of 
 looking intensely at words, assuring yourself of their 
 meaning, syllable by syllable — nay, letter by letter. 
 
 A well-educated gentleman may not know many 
 languages, may not be able to speak any but his own, 
 may have read very few books; but whatever lan- 
 guage he knows, he knows precisely; whatever word 
 he pronounces, he pronounces rightly. 
 
 Let the accent of words be watched, and closely; 
 let their meaning be watched more closely still. — 
 John Bushin. 
 
 < 3 ) 
 
DRAOGHON’S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 N'ora.—The short hyphen marks the division between unaccented syllables; words which 
 are to be written or printed with a hyphen between their component parts are marked with a 
 longer, heavier hyphen. The abbreviation after each word indicates the part of speech to 
 which the word belongs. Before each word is a blank for the word’s shorthand symbol, which 
 the student must supply. 
 
 A 
 
 A-ban 7 don, v . To give up, for- 
 sake. 
 
 A^an'don 7 , n. Careless free- 
 dom or ease. 
 
 A-base 7 , v . To cast down, to 
 humble. 
 
 A-bate 7 , v. To lessen, to mod- 
 erate ; (in law) to put an end 
 
 JUhat/tofcff ( a 7 bat 7 twarO. n. A 
 pu^Iic^slaughterhouse for cat- 
 tle, etc. 
 
 Ab-bre 7 vi-ate, v. To shorten, 
 to abridge. 
 
 Ab 7 di-cate $ v. To surrender, 
 relinquish, etc. 
 
 A-bet 7 , v . To instigate or en- 
 courage — used always in a 
 bad sense. 
 
 A-bide 7 , v. To continue in a 
 place, to dwell, etc. 
 
 Ab 7 ject, a . Down in spirit or 
 hope, degraded. 
 
 Ab-jure 7 , v. To renounce, to 
 repudiate. 
 
 Ab 7 ne-gate, v. To deny, re- 
 ject, abjure. 
 
 A-board 7 , adv . and prep. Into 
 or within a car or a ship. 
 
 A-bode 7 , n. A dwelling, a hab- 
 itation. 
 
 A-bol 7 ish, v. To do away with, 
 to make void. 
 
 A-bom 7 i-na-ble, a. Odious, very 
 hateful, loathsome. 
 
 A-bound 7 , v. To be in great 
 plenty; to possess in abun- 
 dance. 
 
 ,A-bridg 7 ment, n. Diminution, 
 lessening ; an epitome or com* 
 pend, as of a book. 
 
 Ab-rupt 7 , a. Broken off, un- 
 connected. 
 
 Ab 7 sent, a . Not present; ab- 
 sent-minded, preoccupied. 
 
 ,Ab 7 so-lute, a. Uncontrolled, 
 unrestricted, unconditional, 
 complete, etc. 
 
 Ab-solve 7 , v. To set free, or 
 release ; to pardon, remit. 
 
 Ab-sorb 7 , v. To swallow up, 
 engulf, overwhelm. 
 
 Ab-ste 7 mi-ous 5 a. Temperate, 
 abstinent. 
 
 Abstract, n. A summary or 
 epitome ; a brief. 
 
 Ab-stract 7 , v. To separate, as 
 ideas ; to consider by itself ; 
 to take secretly, to purloin. 
 
 Ab-struse 7 , a . Difficult of 
 
 comprehension or under- 
 standing. 
 
 Ab-surd 7 , a. Contrary to rea- 
 son or propriety. 
 
 ,A-buse 7 , v. To misapply, to 
 put to a wrong use ; to mal- 
 treat, to hurt. 
 
 A-buse 7 , n. Misuse, improper 
 treatment, corrupt practice, 
 etc. 
 
 A-but 7 ? v. To project, to be 
 contiguous, to meet. 
 
 A-ca 7 cia, n. A class of trees 
 and shrubs. 
 
 A-cad 7 e-my, n. A school, or 
 seminary. 
 
 Ac-cede 7 , v. To agree or as- 
 sent to; to comply, acquiesce, 
 concur. 
 
 Ac-cel 7 er-ate (ak-sel 7 er-ate), v. 
 To cause to move faster, to 
 expedite. 
 
 Ac-cent 7 ? v. To emphasize, ei- 
 ther with voice or by marks. 
 
 Ac-cen 7 tu*ate, v. To bring out 
 distinctly, to make promi- 
 nent. 
 
 Ac-cept 7 , v. To receive, to ap- 
 prove, to assent to, to receive 
 as obligatory and promise to 
 pay. 
 
 Ac-cept 7 ance, n. Agreement 
 to pay when due; assent to 
 terms or proposals. 
 
 ,Ac 7 cess, n. Admittance, ac- 
 cessibility. 
 
8 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Ac-ces'sion, n. A coining to, 
 
 increase by a thing added, 
 the thing (itself) added. 
 
 Ac-ces'so-ry, n . Abettor, ac- 
 complice, ally. 
 
 Ac-ci-den'tal, a . Happening 
 
 by chance, or unexpectedly. 
 
 Ac-claim', v . To shout ap- 
 plause. 
 
 Ac-clFmate, v. To habituate to 
 
 a climate not native. 
 
 Ac-com'mo-date, v. To render 
 
 tit, to adapt, to conform; to 
 favor, to oblige. 
 
 Ac-com-mo-da'tion, n. (com. 
 
 meaning) A loan of money, an 
 accommodation bill or note. 
 
 Ac-com'pa-ny, v. To go with 
 
 , or attend. 
 
 Ac-com'plice, n. An associate 
 
 in crime, a participant in an 
 offense. 
 
 Ac-com'plish, v. To complete, 
 
 to effect, to perform, to fulfill. 
 
 Ac-cord', n. Agreement, har- 
 mony, assent; v., to harmo- 
 nize, to agree, to correspond. 
 
 ... Ac-cost 7 , v. To speak to first, 
 
 to address, to greet. 
 
 Ac-count', n. A reckoning, 
 
 computation, calculation, 
 enumeration, record. 
 
 Ac-count', v. To value, esti- 
 mate; to render an account. 
 
 Ac-cou'ter, v. To equip, to at- 
 tire, to array. 
 
 Ac-cred'it, v. To bring into 
 
 credit, to sanction; to believe, 
 credit, put trust in. 
 
 Ac-crue', v. To increase, to 
 
 augment, to arise or spring as 
 a growth or result. 
 
 Ac-cu'mu-late, v. To heap up 
 
 in a mass, to store, to amass, 
 to hoard. 
 
 Ac'cu-ra-cy, n. State of being 
 
 accurate, freedom from mis- 
 takes, comformity to truth. 
 
 Ac-cu-sa'tion, n . Act of ac- 
 cusing one of crime or other 
 offense; that of which one is 
 accused. 
 
 Ac-cu'sa-tive, n. The fourth 
 
 case of Latin and Greek 
 nouns, corresponding to the 
 objective case in English. 
 
 • ••••••.Ac-cus'tom, v. To habituate, 
 
 familiarize, inure. 
 
 Ace, n. A unit, a small quan- 
 tity or degree, a particle or 
 atom. 
 
 A-cerb'i-ty, n. Harshness, bit- 
 terness, severity. 
 
 A-cet'y-lene, n. A gas com- 
 pounded of carbon and hydro- 
 gen. 
 
 Ache, 7i. Continued pain, as 
 distinguished from spasmodic 
 pain. 
 
 A-chieve', v. To accomplish, 
 effect, fulfill, complete, exe- 
 cute. 
 
 Acli-ro-mat'ic, a. Free from 
 color. ' 
 
 Ac'id, n . A sour, or tart, sub- 
 stance. 
 
 A-cid'i-fy, v. To make acid, 
 to sour, to embitter. 
 
 Ac-knowPedge, v. To own or 
 admit the knowledge of. 
 
 Ac-knowPedg-meiit, n. Ac- 
 knowledging, admission, con- 
 fession. 
 
 A-cous'tics, 7i. The science of 
 sounds. 
 
 Ac-quaint', v. To give knowl- 
 edge of, to inform, to apprise. 
 
 Ac-quaint'ance, n. Personal 
 knowledge; a person with 
 whom one is acquainted. 
 
 Ae-quest', n. (law). Property 
 acquired by purchase, gift, or 
 otherwise than by inherit- 
 ance. 
 
 Ac-qui-esce', v. To concur, to 
 assent. 
 
 Ac-quire', v. To gain, to get. 
 as one’s own, 
 
 Ac-quire'ment, n. That which 
 is acquired ; attainment. 
 
 , Ac-quit', v. To set free, release, 
 discharge; to absolve, clear, 
 exonerate. 
 
 ,Ac-quit / tal, n. A setting free, 
 or deliverance from the charge 
 of an offense. 
 
 .A'cre, n. A piece of land con- 
 taining 160 square rods. 
 
 Ac'rid, a. Sharp, harsh, caus- 
 tic, bitter. 
 
 Ac'ro-bat, n. One who prac- 
 tices gymnastic feats. 
 
 A-crop'o-lis, n. The citadel of 
 a Grecian city. 
 
 A-cross', prep. From side to 
 side. 
 
 Act, n. That which is done or 
 doing; performance, deed. 
 
 .Action, n. Exertion of power 
 or force. 
 
 .Active, a. Quick in phj’sical 
 movement, nimble. 
 
draughon’s practical speller 
 
 9 
 
 Ac 7 tor, n . A doer; a stageplay- 
 er. 
 
 Ac 7 tu-al, a. In fact, real, gen- 
 uine, certain. 
 
 Ac 7 tu-a-ry, n. The computing 
 official of an insurance com- 
 pany. 
 
 Ac 7 tu-ate, v. To move or in- 
 cite to action. 
 
 A-cu 7 meii, n. Quickness of per- 
 ception or discernment. 
 A-cute 7 , a . Sharp, keen, in- 
 tense, sagacious, ingenious. 
 Ad 7 age, n . An old saying, a 
 proverb. 
 
 Ad 7 a-inant, n. A stone imag- 
 ined to be of impenetrable 
 hardness. 
 
 A-dapt 7 , v . To fit, or suit; to 
 adjust. 
 
 Add, v. To join, or unite, so as 
 to increase. 
 
 .Ad-den 7 duin, n. An appendix 
 or addition. 
 
 Ad 7 der, n. A venomous ser- 
 pent. 
 
 Ad-dict 7 , v. To apply habitual- 
 ly, to devote. 
 
 Ad 7 dle, v. To muddle, or con- 
 fuse. 
 
 Ad-dress 7 , v. To direct speech 
 to; to direct in writing, as a 
 letter. 
 
 Ad-duce 7 , v. To offer as an ar- 
 gument, to cite, to quote. 
 A-dept 7 , a . Well skilled, com- 
 pletely versed. 
 
 .Ad 7 e-quate, a. Sufficient, pro- 
 portionate, suitable. 
 
 Att-here 7 , v. To Ttick fast, or 
 cleave. 
 
 A-dieu 7 , interj. and adv. Good- 
 by, farewell. 
 
 Ad in 7 fl-ni 7 tum, Without limit, 
 endlessly. 
 
 Ad-ja 7 cent, a. Lying near, 
 close, contiguous, neighboring. 
 Ad 7 jec-tive, n. A word of de- 
 scription used with a noun. 
 Ad-join 7 , v . To join or unite to, 
 to lie contiguous to. 
 Ad-journ 7 , v. To close or sus- 
 pend for a time, or indefinite- 
 
 Ad-judge 7 , v. To award judi- 
 cially in the case of a contro- 
 verted question. 
 
 Adjunct, n . A colleague, an 
 associate. 
 
 Ad-jure 7 , v. To charge, bind, 
 or command, solemnly. 
 
 Ad-just 7 , v. To make exact, to 
 fit, to put in order, to regulate. 
 
 Ad 7 ju-tant, n . A helper, an 
 assistant. 
 
 Ad-min 7 is-ter, v. To manage 
 or conduct, as public affairs. 
 
 Ad-min-is-tra 7 tor, n. One who 
 administers affairs. 
 
 Ad 7 mi-ra-ble, a. Deserving the 
 highest praise, most excel- 
 lent. 
 
 ,Ad 7 mi-ral, n. A naval officer 
 of the highest rank. 
 
 ,Ad-mis 7 si-ble, a. Entitled to 
 be admitted, allowable. 
 
 .Ad-mit 7 , v . To give right of 
 entrance, to receive; to ac- 
 knowledge, to confess. 
 
 .Ad-mon 7 ish, v. To reprove of 
 a fault, to counsel against 
 wrong practices. 
 
 .A-do 7 be, n . An unburnt brick 
 dried in the sun. 
 
 .A-dopt 7 , v. To take into a re- 
 lationship; to approve, as the 
 opinion of another. 
 
 .A-dor 7 a«ble, a. Worthy of ado- 
 ration . 
 
 .A-dorn 7 , v. To embellish, to set 
 off with ornaments. 
 
 .A-droit 7 , a. Dexterous, skillful, 
 expert, ready. 
 
 .A-dult 7 , n. A person, animal, 
 or plant of full size and 
 strength. 
 
 . A-dul 7 ter-ate, v . To render im- 
 pure by an admixture of for- 
 eign substance. 
 
 .Ad-vance 7 , v. To move for 
 ward, to aid, to heighten. 
 
 .Ad-van 7 tage, n. Condition oi 
 circumstance favorable to sue* 
 cess or benefit. 
 
 .Ad 7 vent,w. Important arrival; 
 coming, approach. 
 
 . Ad-ven 7 ture, n. Happening 
 without design; remarkable 
 occurrence, striking event. 
 
 .Ad 7 verb, n. A word used to 
 modify a verb, participle, ad- 
 jective, or other adverb. 
 
 .Ad 7 ver-sa-ry, n. An opponent, 
 antagonist, enemy. 
 
 .Ad 7 verse, a. Opposed, con- 
 trary, opposite, conflicting. 
 
 . Ad-ver 7 si-ty, n. Misfortune, ca- 
 lamity, affliction, trial. 
 
 .Ad-vert 7 , v . To refer, to take 
 heed or notice. 
 
 .Ad-ver-tise 7 , v. To notify, to 
 make known, to inform. 
 
10 
 
 DEAUGHON’S PKACTICAL SPELLEE. 
 
 .Ad-vice 7 , n. Counsel, admoni- 
 tion, recommendation. 
 
 .Ad-yise 7 , v. To give advice to, 
 to counsel. 
 
 .Ad 7 vo-cate, n. One who de- 
 fends or espouses anycause by 
 argument. 
 
 .A 7 er-ate, v. To combine or 
 charge with gas. 
 
 .JEs«thet 7 ics, n. The science of 
 the beautiful in nature and 
 art. 
 
 .Af-fa-biFi-ty, n . The quality 
 of being affable, easy to con- 
 verse with. 
 
 .Af-fair 7 , n. Matter, concern, 
 business of any kind. 
 
 .Af-fect 7 , v. To produce an ef 
 feet upon. 
 
 .Af-fi-da / yit, n. A sworn state- 
 ment in writing. 
 
 .Af-fiFi-ate, v. To connect or 
 associate one’s self with. 
 
 .Af-fin 7 i-ty, n . Kinship; close 
 agreement. 
 
 . Af-firm 7 , v. To confirm or rati- 
 fy, to assert positively. 
 
 .Af-fix 7 , v. To subjoin, annex, 
 or add at the end . 
 
 . Af-fiaTus, n. Supernatural im- 
 pulse, inspiration. 
 
 .AFflu-ence, n. Abundant sup- 
 ply, profusion. 
 
 .Af-ford 7 , v. To give forth, sup- 
 ply, yield, produce. 
 
 .Af-front 7 , n. Marked disre- 
 spect, purposed indignity, 
 insult. 
 
 .A-fraid 7 , p. a. In fear, appre- 
 hensive. 
 
 . AfFer, prep. Next, subsequent, 
 succeeding. 
 
 .A-gain 7 , adv . In return, back, 
 once more, anew. 
 
 .A-gainsF^ prep. Opposite to, 
 facing; in opposition to, on the 
 other side. 
 
 .Agnate, n. An uncrystallized 
 variety of quartz. 
 
 .Age, n . The whole duration of 
 a being. 
 
 .A'gent, n. One who acts for, 
 or in the place of, another. 
 
 . Ag-gran 7 dize-ment, n. Exalta- 
 tion in power, rank, honor, 
 or wealth. 
 
 . Ag 7 gra-vate, v. To make worse 
 or more severe. 
 
 .Ag 7 gre-gate, v. To bring to- 
 gether, to collect into a mass 
 or sum. 
 
 . . . . a . .Ag-gres 7 sive, a. Making as- 
 saults, unjustly attacking. 
 
 . . . Ag-grieve 7 , v. To give pain or 
 
 sorrow to, to afflict. 
 
 A-giFi-ty, n. Nimbleness, ac- 
 tivity, quickness of motion. 
 
 AgT-ta-tor, n. One who stirs up 
 
 or excites others. 
 
 ........ Ag-nos 7 tic, n. One who neither 
 
 affirms nor denies the exist- 
 ence of a personal Deity. 
 
 Ag 7 o-ny, n. Extreme pain of 
 
 mind or body. 
 
 A-gree 7 , v. To harmonize in 
 
 opinion, statement, or action. 
 
 . . . . . A 7 gue, n. An intermittent 
 fever. 
 
 Aid 7 , v. To help, support, sus- 
 tain. 
 
 Aim, n. Intention, purpose, 
 
 design. 
 
 Aisle, n. A passage into which 
 
 the pews of a church open. 
 
 A-jar 7 , adv. Slightly turned or 
 
 opened. 
 
 A-kin 7 , a. Allied by nature; 
 
 partaking of the same prop- 
 t erties. 
 
 ..... . . . A-lac 7 ri»ty , n. Activity, brisk- 
 ness, sprightliness. 
 
 A-las 7 , inter j. An exclamation 
 
 expressive of sorrow, pity, etc. 
 
 Al-bu 7 men, n. The white of an 
 
 egg. 
 
 AFco-Iiol, n. The intoxicating 
 
 element of fermented liquors. 
 
 AFcove, n. A recessed portion 
 
 of a room. 
 
 AFder-man, n. A member of 
 
 a body of municipal offi- 
 cers. 
 
 A-lert 7 , a . Watchful, vigilant, 
 
 lively, quick, prompt. 
 
 AFge-bra, n. A branch of math- 
 ematics using letters and other 
 symbols in its treatment of 
 the subject. 
 
 A 7 li-as, adv. Otherwise, other- 
 wise called. 
 
 AFien, n . A foreigner, a stran- 
 
 . . .. . . . .A5ign 7 ment, n. The act of ad- 
 justing to a line. 
 
 Al 7 i-mo-ny. n . Maintenance, 
 
 means of living. 
 
 Al-lay 7 , v. To make quiet, to 
 
 pacify. 
 
 Al-lege 7 , v. To declare, to af- 
 firm, to assert. 
 
 Al-le 7 gi-ance, n. Devotion, 
 
 loyalty, fidelity. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 11 
 
 AFle-go-ry, n. A representa- 
 tion by suggestive resem- 
 blance. 
 
 AI-le 7 vi-ate, v. To lighten, les- 
 sen, mitigate. 
 
 AFley, n . A narrow passage, 
 
 or way. 
 
 Al-IFance, n. Union, affinity, 
 
 confederacy. 
 
 Al-lit-er-a 7 tion, n . Each word 
 
 in a sentence beginning with 
 the same letter. 
 
 Al-lot 7 , v . To distribute or par- 
 cel out. 
 
 Al-lowVtt. To grant, give, ad- 
 mit, accord, etc. 
 
 * .Al-lude 7 ? v. To refer to some- 
 
 thing indirectly. 
 
 Al-lure 7 * v . To entice, to at- 
 tract. 
 
 Al-ly 7 , n. A confederate, a 
 
 helper, an auxiliary. 
 
 Al-might 7 y, a. A 1 1 - powerful, 
 
 irresistible. 
 
 , ..Alms (ams), n. Charity, a gift 
 
 of charity. 
 
 A-lone 7 , a . Apart from others, 
 
 solitary. 
 
 A- long 7 , adv. Onward, for- 
 ward. 
 
 , A-loof 7 , a . At a distance, 
 
 apart, away. 
 
 AFtar, n. A structure whereon 
 
 to offer sacrifices and peti- 
 tions to the Deity. 
 
 AFter, v . To change, to vary, 
 
 to modify. 
 
 AFter-nate, v. To perform by 
 
 turns or in succession. 
 
 AFti-tude, n. Height, supe- 
 riority. 
 
 • AFto, n . Contralto, between 
 
 tenor and soprano. 
 
 • Al-tru-is 7 tiCj a. Regardful of 
 
 others. 
 
 Al-u-miiFi-um, n. Metallic base 
 
 of alumina. 
 
 A-maFga-mate, v. To com- 
 pound, to mix. 
 
 AirFa-tenr, n. Not a profes- 
 sional. 
 
 A-maze 7 , v. To astound, to as- 
 tonish greatly. 
 
 Am-bas 7 sa-dor, n . An official 
 
 messenger and representa- 
 tive. 
 
 • Am-bi-gu 7 i-ty, n . Language of 
 
 double meaning. 
 
 Am-bFtion, n . Desire for pre- 
 ferment, honor, superiori- 
 ty. 
 
 AnFbu-late, v. To walk, to 
 
 move about. 
 
 ....... . AnFbush, n. An unseen peril, 
 
 a snare. 
 
 A-meFio-rate, v. To make bet- 
 ter, to improve. 
 
 . A-me 7 na-ble. a. Responsible, 
 
 accountable. 
 
 A-mend 7 , v. To change for the 
 
 better. 
 
 . A-men 7 i-ty, n. Pleasantness, 
 gentleness. 
 
 Am-mo 7 ni-a, w. Gas compound- 
 ed of hydrogen and nitrogen. 
 
 Am-mu-nFtion, n. Articles used 
 
 in charging firearms. 
 
 . . .Am 7 nes-ty, n . Pardon, forget- 
 fulness of wrong. 
 
 Am 7 pu-tate, v. To cut off a limb 
 
 or projecting part of the body. 
 
 A-muse 7 ment, n. Pleasurable 
 
 excitement, diversion. 
 
 A-naFo-gy, n. Resemblance, 
 
 agreement or likeness between 
 things. 
 
 . . .Jjf.A-natlFe-ma, n. A curse, a 
 
 malediction. 
 
 . An 7 ces-tor 9 n . One from whom 
 
 a person is descended. 
 
 An 7 cient, a. Old, of long stand- 
 
 ing. 
 
 An 7 gli-cize, v. To make Eng- 
 lish, to make conform to Eng- 
 lish. 
 
 )( . An-i-mad-ver / sion, n. Adverse 
 
 criticism, reproof, rebuke. 
 
 An^-mus* n . Intention, tem- 
 per. 
 
 ...An-ni-ver 7 sa-ry, a. Returning 
 
 at a stated time, yearly. 
 
 An-nounce 7 , v. To make 
 
 known, to publish, to pro- 
 claim. 
 
 An-nuF, v. To make void or 
 
 of no effect. 
 
 A-nom 7 a-ly, n. Deviation from 
 
 the common rule. 
 
 An 7 swer 9 n. A reply; a de- 
 fense. 
 
 An-tag 7 o-nism, n. Opposition, 
 
 counteraction. 
 
 An-te-ced 7 ent, a. Going before 
 
 in time. 
 
 An-te 7 ri-or, a . Prior, anteced- 
 ent. 
 
 .... W. .An-tip'a-thy, n . Aversion or 
 dislike, distaste. 
 
 Anx 7 ious, a. Concerned, solic- 
 
 s , itous, in suspense. 
 
 &Ap 7 a-tliy, n. Indifference, un- 
 concern. 
 
12 
 
 DEAUGHON’s PEAGTICAIi SPELLEE. 
 
 Ap'er-ture, n. An opening, a 
 
 nole. 
 
 ........ A-poFo-gize, v . To make an 
 
 apology or excuse. 
 
 Ap^-plex-y, n. Sudden loss of 
 
 consciousness. 
 
 A-pos'ta-sy, n. The abandon- 
 ment of a profession or faith, 
 especially one’s religious faith. 
 
 Ap-palF, v. To dismay, terri- 
 fy, depress. 
 
 Ap-pa-raTus, n. Things pro- 
 vided as a means to an end. 
 
 Ap-par'el, n . Clothing, dress, 
 
 garb. 
 
 Ap-peaF, v. To make earnest 
 
 request. 
 
 Ap-pease', v . To calm, to pac- 
 ify- 
 
 Ap-peHant, n . One who ap- 
 peals. 
 
 Ap'pel-lee, n . The person ap- 
 pealed against. 
 
 Ap-plaucF, v. To praise, to ap- 
 prove. 
 
 ... Ap-pre'ci-ate, v. To value, to 
 
 estimate justly. 
 
 Ap-preiFtice, n . One bound to 
 
 another for a term in order 
 to learn an art or a trade. 
 
 Ap-proye', v . To sanction, to 
 
 regard as good. 
 
 Ap-proxT-mate, a. Approach- 
 ing correctness, nearly exact. 
 
 Ap-pur'te-nance, n. That which 
 
 y w belongs to something else. 
 
 AqTie-duet, n. An artificial 
 
 channel for conveying water. 
 
 Ar'a-ble, a . Fit for plowing or 
 
 tillage. 
 
 Ar-bi-tra'tion, n. Hearing and 
 
 determination of a cause be- 
 tween parties. 
 
 ArTd, a . Exhausted of mois- 
 ture. 
 
 Ar'mor, n. Steel or iron cov- 
 ering. 
 
 Ar-raigiF, v. To bring before 
 
 a bar for trial. 
 
 Ar-rangeTnent, n. The put- 
 ting into an orderly condition. 
 
 Ar-resF, v. To stop, to hinder, 
 
 to seize. 
 
 Ar'ro-gate, v. To assume or 
 
 claim unduly. 
 
 As-cer-tanF, v. To find out for 
 
 a certainty. 
 
 ... As-^Fjc, n . One who prac- 
 
 tices extreme self-denial. 
 
 .. As-perT-ty . n. Severity, harsh- 
 
 ness, crabbedness. 
 
 As-saiF, v . To attack with vio- 
 lence. 
 
 As-serF, v . To affirm, to state 
 
 uositively. 
 
 Assets, n . All property of a 
 
 person, corporation, estate. 
 
 • As-sigiF, v. To transfer or 
 
 make over to another. 
 
 As-sign-ee', n . One to whom 
 
 an assignment is made. 
 
 ........ As-so-ci-a'tion,?!. Union of per- 
 sons for a particular purpose. 
 
 As-sorFment, n. A variety of 
 
 sorts adapted to various wants. 
 
 As-suage', v . To appease or 
 
 pacify. 
 
 As-sure', v. To make sure 01 
 
 certain. 
 
 As-tute', a . Sagacious 
 
 shrewd, crafty. 
 
 Ath-ieFic, a. Strong, muscu 
 
 lar. robust. 
 
 At-tactF, v. To bind, fasten 
 
 tie; to take by legal authority 
 
 At-taclF, v . To assail, to fal 
 
 upon with force. 
 
 At-teiFu-ate, v. To make thir 
 
 or slender. 
 
 At-tracF, v. To draw by influ 
 
 ence. 
 
 Anc-tion-e.er / 9 n. A person 
 who sells things by auction. 
 
 AjtFdi-tor, n. A person who ad 
 
 justs accounts. 
 
 AtFger, n. An instrument fq/» 
 
 boring holes. 
 
 Aug-menF, v. To enlarge or ii? 
 
 crease. 
 
 /AxFgur. v. To predict, or for*« 
 
 tell. 
 
 Au-then'tic, a . Not of doubt 
 
 f ul origin, real. V\ 
 
 Au-thorT-ty, n . Legal or right- 
 ful power. 
 
 Au-to-mo'bile, n. A self-pro- 
 pelling vehicle. 
 
 Aux»iFfa-ry 9 n. A helper, an 
 
 assistant. 
 
 A-vaiFa-ble, a . Advantageous, 
 
 convertible into a resource. 
 
 Ay-a-rFciqus, a. Greedy of 
 
 gain. 
 
 A-verTnent, n. Affirmation, 
 
 positive assertion. 
 
 Av-o-ca'tion, n. That which 
 
 calls one away from one’s reg- 
 ular employment. 
 
 A-ward'', v. To assign or ap 
 
 portion. 
 
 Ax ? n. An instrument for cut* 
 
 ting. 
 

 lraughon’s practical speller. 
 
 B. 
 
 13 
 
 .Babble, v. To talk incoherent- 
 ly, to utter unmeaning words. 
 
 * j Ba^el, n. A place or scene of 
 
 / noise or confusion. 
 
 * i Bac-ca-lau 7 re-ate, n. The de- 
 
 gree of Bachelor of Arts. 
 
 */ Bac-cha-na 7 li«an, a. Given to 
 
 reveling and drunkenness. 
 
 * Bach 7 e-lor, n. An unmarried 
 
 ■ man of any age. 
 
 Back-bone 7 , n. Firmness, mor- 
 al principle, steadfastness. 
 
 Back 7 set, n. A check, a re- 
 lapse, a discouragement. 
 
 Backslide, v. To slide back; 
 
 to fall away. 
 
 Badge, n. A distinctive mark, 
 
 sign, token. 
 
 Ba-di-nage 7 , n. Playful rail- 
 lery, banter. 
 
 Baf 7 fle, v . To check, discon- 
 cert, frustrate. 
 
 Bag-a-! telle 7 , n. A trifle, a 
 
 thing of no importance. 
 
 Bali (ba), inter j. An exclama- 
 tion expressive of contempt. 
 
 * Bail, v. To set free, to deliver 
 
 from arrest or out of custody. 
 
 * Bail^ond, n. A bond or obli- 
 
 gation gi ven by a prisoner and 
 his surety. 
 
 Bail-ee 7 , n . The person to 
 
 whom goods are committed 
 in trust. 
 
 Bailment, n . The action of 
 
 bailing a person accused. 
 Bait, n. Anything which al- 
 lures, tempts, entices. 
 
 * Bal 7 ance, n. An apparatus for 
 
 weighing. 
 
 * Bal 7 ance, v. To make the sums 
 
 of the debits and credits of an 
 account equal. 
 
 Bald, a . Destitute of the natu- 
 ral covering on the head or 
 top. 
 
 Bale, n. A bundle or package 
 
 of goods. 
 
 Bale 7 ful, c». Destructive, woe- 
 ful, sad. 
 
 Balk, v. To foil, to baffle, to 
 thwart. 
 
 * Bal 7 last, n. Any heavy sub- 
 
 stance put into a ship’s hold 
 to prevent capsizing. 
 
 Bal 7 lot, n. A printed or writ- 
 ten ticket used in voting. 
 .Balm, n. Anything that heals 
 or mitigates pain. 
 
 . . .Ban, n. A curse, or anathema; 
 a prohibition or proscription. 
 
 . ..Band 7 age, n. A strip of cloth 
 used for dressing or binding 
 up wounds. 
 
 . ..Bane 7 fnl, a . Injurious, de- 
 structive, deadly. 
 
 X*<Ban 7 ish, v. To drive out, to 
 compel to depart. 
 
 . . .Bank, n. An establishment for 
 the custody, loan, and ex- 
 change of money. 
 
 ...Bank 7 er, n. One who con- 
 ducts the business of banking. 
 
 . . .Bank 7 note, n. A promissory 
 note issued by a bank, pay- 
 able on demand. 
 
 ...Bankrupt, n. A person judi- 
 cially declared to be unable 
 to meet his liabilities. 
 
 . . .Banns, n . Notice of proposed 
 ‘"“marriage. 
 
 . . . Ban 7 qnet, n. A feast, a sumptu- 
 ous entertainment. 
 
 ...Ban 7 ter, v. To ridicule, to 
 rally. 
 
 ...Bap 7 tism, n. The application 
 of water to a person as a re- 
 ligious rite. 
 
 ...Bar« n. A tribunal; anything 
 wnich obstructs or hinders. 
 
 ...Bar^a-rous, a. Uncivilized, 
 rude. 
 
 . . .Bar 7 gain, n. An agreement or 
 stipulation; an advantageous 
 purchase. 
 
 ...Barge, n . A large, roomy 
 boat. 
 
 ...Bar 7 ren, a. Unproductive, 
 fruitless, empty. 
 
 ...Bar 7 ri-cade, v. To stop up, to 
 obstruct. 
 
 . . .Bar 7 ri-er, n. An obstruction; 
 a boundary. 
 
 . . .Bar 7 ter, v. To traffic or trade, 
 to exchange. 
 
 . . .Base, n. The bottom, the sup- 
 port, the foundation, of any- 
 thing. 
 
 ...Base, a. Low-minded, un- 
 worthy, mean. 
 
 . . . Bash 7 ful-ness, n. Excessive 
 modesty, shamefacedness. 
 
 ...Bass, n. A deep tone; lowest 
 part in a musical composition. 
 
 . . .Bat 7 ten, n . The movable bar 
 of a loom. 
 
 ...Bauble, n. A cheap, showy 
 plaything. 
 
14 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Bawl, v. To cry loudly, to 
 
 shout. 
 
 Bay'oa (bi'oo), n. An inlet 
 
 from a large body of water. 
 
 Ba-zaar', n. A fair for the sale 
 
 of fancy wares, etc. 
 
 Beach, n. The shore of the sea 
 
 or of a lake. 
 
 Beak, n. The bill, or nib, of a 
 
 bird. 
 
 Bearer, n . A large drinking 
 
 cup, with a wide mouth. 
 
 Bear, v. To sustain, support; 
 
 to bring forth. 
 
 Bear, n. An animal; a brutal, 
 
 coarse person. 
 
 Be-a-tif'ic, a. Haying the 
 
 power to impart blissful en- 
 joyment. 
 
 Be-at'i-tude, n. Felicity, hap- 
 piness, blessedness. 
 
 .Beck, n. A nod or motion, as 
 
 a call or command. 
 
 Be-drag'gle, v. To draggle; to 
 
 soil, as in mud or dust. 
 
 Beech, n. A tree of the genus 
 
 Fagus. 
 
 ...Beer, n . A fermented liquor 
 
 made from malted grain. 
 
 .Beet, n. A plant, the roots of 
 
 which are used for food. 
 
 Be-get', v. To generate, to 
 
 produce. 
 
 .Be-gone', inter j. Go away, de- 
 part. 
 
 Be-grudge', v. To grudge or 
 
 envy. 
 
 Be-guile', v. To deceive or im- 
 pose upon, to lure. 
 
 Be-hav'ior, n. Manner of be- 
 having, conduct. 
 
 Be-hind', prep. On the back 
 
 side, at the back of. 
 
 Be-hold 7 , v . To have in sight, 
 
 to see clearly, to look at. 
 
 Be-hoove', v. To be necessary, 
 
 fit, or suitable. 
 
 Be-lea'guer, v. To besiege, to 
 
 blockade. 
 
 Be-lieve', v. To exercise belief 
 
 in, to regard or accept as true. 
 
 ..Belles-lettres (bel-let/ter), n . 
 
 Polite literature. 
 
 Bel-lig'er-ent, a. Carrying on 
 
 war, engaged in warfare. 
 
 .Be-lOY'edjjp.p. and a . Greatly 
 
 loved. 
 
 Bend, v. To crook by strain- 
 ing. 
 
 Ben'e-dict, n . A man newly 
 
 married. 
 
 Ben-e-diction, n . A bless^ 
 
 in g. 
 
 Be-neft-cence, n. Active 
 
 goodness, kindness, or char- 
 ity. 
 
 .Ben-e-fFci-a-ry, n . One who 
 
 receives anything as a gift. 
 
 Bent-fit, v. To do good to, to 
 
 be useful to. 
 
 Be-nign', a . Gracious, gener- 
 ous, favorable. 
 
 Be-queath', v. To give or leave 
 
 by will. 
 
 Be-reave', v . To make desti- 
 tute, to deprive, to strip. 
 
 Berth, n . A sleeping place in 
 
 a railway car or on a ship. 
 
 Be-seech', v . To ask or en 
 
 treat with urgency. 
 
 Be-siege', v. To beset or wir 
 
 round with armed forces. 
 
 Bestial, a . Brutal, carna' 
 
 sensual. 
 
 Bevtl, n . Any angle other 
 
 than a right angle. 
 
 Bevtr-age, n . L i q u i d for 
 
 drinking. 
 
 Bev'y, n. A company, an as 
 
 sembly. 
 
 Be-ware', v. To be cautiou^ 
 
 to take care, to be on one 8 
 guard. 
 
 BFas ? v. T o influence, t * 
 
 prejudice. 
 
 ..Bity-cle, n. A light vehicle 
 
 having two wheels, one be 
 hind the other. 
 
 Bid, n . An offer of a price, es 
 
 pecially at an auction. 
 
 Bi-en'ni-al, a . Taking place 
 
 once in two years. 
 
 Bier, n . A frame on which a 
 
 corpse is carried. 
 
 . .Big'a-my, n. The offense of a 
 
 married person marrying 
 again without having secured 
 a divorce. 
 
 Big'ot-ed, a. Blindly, obsti- 
 nately attached to some creed, 
 opinion, or belief. 
 
 Bilk, v. To defraud, to leave 
 
 in the lurch. 
 
 BiFliards, n . A game played 
 
 with ivory balls on a cloth, 
 covered table. 
 
 BiFlings-gate, n. Coarsely 
 
 abusive, foul, or profane lan- 
 guage. 
 
 Bi-met'al-lism, n . Legalized 
 
 use of two metals in currency 
 at a fixed relative value. 
 
dkaughon’s practical speller. 
 
 15 
 
 .Bi v ped, a. Having two feet, 
 two-footed. 
 
 .Birth, n. The act of being 
 born; lineage, extraction. 
 
 .Birthmark, n. A peculiar 
 mark on the body at birth. 
 
 .Bishop, n. A spiritual over- 
 seer, director. 
 
 Bit, n. The part of a bridle in- 
 serted in a horse’s mouth; a 
 mite, a little thing. 
 
 .Bit 7 ter-ness, n. Resentfulness, 
 severity, deep distress, grief. 
 
 .Bi-tu 7 men, n. Mineral pitch, 
 used in cements, etc. 
 
 .Blackguard, n. A scoundrel, 
 a rough. 
 
 .Blackmail, v. To extort 
 money from by threats of in- 
 jury. 
 
 .Blame, v. To censure, to find 
 fault with, to reproach. 
 
 .Blanch, v . To take the color 
 out of. 
 
 .Blan 7 dish-ment, n. Soft words, 
 artful caresses, cajolery. 
 
 .Blank, n. Void space, especially 
 on paper or in a written in- 
 strument. 
 
 .Blas-pheme 7 , v. To speak of 
 or address with impious rev- 
 erence. 
 
 .Bleach, v. To make white, or 
 whiter. 
 
 .Bleak, a. Cold, cutting, cheer- 
 less. 
 
 .Bleat, v. To cry like a sheep 
 or a calf. 
 
 .Bleed, v. To emit blood, to lose 
 blood. 
 
 .Blemish, n . Any mark of in- 
 firmity or injury. 
 
 .Blend, v. To mingle, to unite 
 intimately. 
 
 .Bless, v. To make happy; to 
 grant divine favor to. 
 
 .Blight , n. Mildew, decay; that 
 which impairs or destroys. 
 
 .Blind, a. Destitute of the sense 
 of seeing; destitute of intellec- 
 tual light. 
 
 .Blink, v. To avoid or evade, 
 to shirk. 
 
 .Blizzard, n. A gale of pier- 
 cingly cold wind. 
 
 .Blood 7 thirst-y, a. Cruel, san- 
 guinary, murderous. 
 
 .Blot, n. A spot or stain; a dis- 
 grace, a reproach. j 
 
 .Bluff, n. A high, steep bank; I 
 an act of bluffing. J 
 
 V.' 
 
 .Blunder, n. A gross error or 
 mistake. 
 
 .Blunt, a . Having a thick edge 
 or point. 
 
 Blur, v. To render obscure, to 
 sully, to stain. 
 
 .Bluster, v. To blow fitfully 
 with violence and noise. 
 
 .Boast, v. To vaunt one’s self, 
 to brag. 
 
 .Boar,w. The uncastrated male 
 of swine. 
 
 .Bod 7 y, n. The material sub- 
 stance of an animal. 
 
 .Bodyguard, n . A guard to 
 protect or defend the person. 
 
 .Boil, v. To heat to the boiling 
 point. 
 
 .Bold, a. Brave, daring, ven- 
 turesome. 
 
 .Boll, n. The pod or capsule of 
 a plant. 
 
 .Bomb (bum), n. A spherical 
 shell. 
 
 .Bom-bard 7 , v. To attack with 
 shells or artillery. 
 
 .Bombast, n. High-sounding 
 words. 
 
 .Bond, n. A writing binding a 
 person to perform or pay. 
 
 .Bonds 7 man, n. A surety, one, 
 who is bound. 
 
 .Bon 7 net, n. A covering for the', 
 head, used by women. 
 
 .Book, n. Sheets of paper* 
 printed or blank, bound into 
 a volume. 
 
 .Book^eep-ing, n. The record- 
 ing of ousiness transactions 
 in a regular and systematic 
 manner. 
 
 .Boon, n. A gift, a benefaction, 
 a grant, a present. 
 
 .Border, n. The outer part or 
 edge. 
 
 .Bore, v. To make a hole or 
 perforation. 
 
 Born, p.p. and a. Brought 
 forth. 
 
 .Borne, p. p. of bear. Carried, 
 conveyed; defrayed. 
 
 Bor 7 row, v. To receive as a 
 loan. 
 
 Bosh, n. Empty talk, non- 
 sense. 
 
 Bot 7 a-ny, n. The science of 
 the structure of plants. 
 
 Both 7 er, v. To annoy, to 
 worry. 
 
 Bou-illon 7 (boo-yon 7 ), n . A 
 clear soup or broth. 
 
16 
 
 lraughon’s practical speller. 
 
 BouTe-vard* n. A broad ave- 
 nue. 
 
 BoundTi-ry* n . That which in- 
 dicates or fixes a limit. 
 
 Bou-queF* n. A bunch of flow- 
 ers. 
 
 Bow (bou), n. An inclination of 
 
 the head or bending of the 
 body. 
 
 Bow (bo), n. A weapon, a 
 
 knot. 
 
 Bow'el* n. One of the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 Bow'er* n. A rustic cottage or 
 
 abode. 
 
 Bowl* n. A concave vessel to 
 
 hold liquids, etc. 
 
 BowFder* n. A large stone, a 
 
 mass of rock. 
 
 Box* v . To inclose in a 
 
 box. 
 
 Box* v. To fight with the fists, 
 
 to spar. 
 
 Boycott* v. To combine 
 
 against, so as to injure finan- 
 cially or socially. 
 
 ....... .Brag* v. To boast, bluster, talk 
 
 Mg. 
 
 .Brain* n. The organ or seat of 
 
 intellect. 
 
 .Brake* n. Mechanism for stop- 
 ping or retarding motion. 
 
 Brand* n. A mark to designate 
 
 the quality of goods. 
 
 ........Brave* a . Bold, courageous, 
 
 daring. 
 
 Breach* n. Nonfulfillment of 
 
 promise, infraction of law. 
 
 Bread* n. An article of food, 
 
 made from flour or meal. 
 
 ....... .Break* v. To sever, to divide 
 
 with violence. 
 
 .Breech* n. The hinder part of 
 
 a firearm. 
 
 BreeclFes* n. A garment worn 
 
 by men. 
 
 Breed* v. To generate, to be- 
 get. 
 
 Bribe* v. To promise or give 
 
 reward in order to corrupt 
 legislation, etc. 
 
 ........ Bridal, a . Pertaining to a 
 
 bride. 
 
 BrFdle* n. The headgear of a 
 
 horse. 
 
 BrFer, n. A plant having 
 
 stout prickles. 
 
 Brim, n. The rim or upper 
 
 edge, the margin. 
 
 * Bring* v. To convey, to con- 
 
 duct, to carry. 
 
 Broach, v. To publish first, to 
 
 utter. 
 
 Brogue* n. A dialectic pronun- 
 ciation. 
 
 Broker* n . An agent or mid- 
 dleman, a negotiator. 
 
 Brooch (broch), n. An orna- 
 ment, a breastpin. 
 
 . . « ; - -BrotlFer* n. A male person 
 with the same parents as an- 
 other person. 
 
 Brother (pi. brethren), n. One 
 
 belonging to the same society 
 or fraternity. 
 
 Bruise* v. To injure, as by a 
 
 blow or a collision. 
 
 Bruit, v. To report, to noise 
 
 abroad. 
 
 Brute* n. An animal destitute 
 
 of reason; a brutal person. 
 
 Bubble* v. To run with a 
 
 gurgling noise. 
 
 Bu-coFic, a. Pastoral, rus- 
 tic. 
 
 Budge* v. To move off, to 
 
 walk away. 
 
 Buf-fet 7 (boof-fa^, n. A cup- 
 board for the display of 
 china, plate, etc. 
 
 BuFfet, v. To strike with the 
 
 hand. 
 
 Build* v . To erect, to con- 
 struct. 
 
 Bulk, n. The main mass or 
 
 body. 
 
 Bull* n . The male of cattle; an 
 
 operator on the stock ex- 
 change. 
 
 BuFlet* n. A missile, usually 
 
 of lead. 
 
 BuFle-tin* n. A brief statement 
 
 of information to the public. 
 
 BuFlion* n. Uncoined gold or 
 
 silver. 
 
 .BuiFcombe* n. Anything said 
 
 for mere show. 
 
 Bunk, n. A rude wooden 
 
 bed. 
 
 Buoy (bwoi), n. A floating ob- 
 ject. 
 
 Burden* n. A load; that which 
 
 i3 borne with labor or diffi- 
 culty. 
 
 9 ,.Bu -reau'cra-cy* n. A system 
 
 of carrying on government by 
 means of bureaus or depart- 
 ments. 
 
 Bur-lesque'* n. Ludicrous rep- 
 resentation, exaggerated par- 
 ody. 
 
 Bur'ro* n. A donkey. 
 
DRAUGHON’S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 17 
 
 Bur'row, n. A habitation in 
 the ground for rabbits, 
 etc. 
 
 .Burst, v. To fly apart or in 
 
 pieces. 
 
 Bur'y, v. To cover out of 
 sight. 
 
 .Business, n. Regular occu- 
 pation. 
 
 But, prep . Except, besides, 
 save. 
 
 .Butt, n. The thicker end of 
 anything. 
 
 Buy, v . To acquire by paying 
 the price. 
 
 By, prep. Next to, not far 
 from, close to, etc. 
 
 , Bygone, n. Something gone by 
 or past, a past event. 
 
 By'-Iaw, n. A law less im- 
 portant than a general law. 
 
 By'-prod'uct, n. A secondary 
 or additional product. 
 
 By / stand-er, n . One who 
 stands near, a spectator. 
 
 . Byword, n. A common saying. 
 
 C 
 
 Ca-baF, n. A secret associa- 
 tion of designing persons. 
 
 . Cab'in, n. A hut; a room in a 
 
 ship for passengers or officers. 
 
 * Cab'i-net, n . An advisory 
 
 council. 
 
 Ca'ble, n. A large, strong rope 
 
 or chain. 
 
 Cackle, n. A noise made by a 
 
 hen. 
 
 ....... Ca-dav'er-ous, a . Pale, ghast- 
 ly., 
 
 . Ca-fe' (ka-fa 7 ), n. A restau- 
 
 rant. 
 
 Ca-lanFi-ty, n. Great mis- 
 fortune, cause of misery. 
 
 » CaFci-mine, v . To wash or 
 
 cover with calcimine. 
 
 ........ CaFcu-late, v. To determine 
 
 by mathematical processes. 
 
 ... CaFen-dar, n. Orderly ar- 
 
 rangement of the divisions of 
 time. 
 
 CaFi-ber, n. Diameter of bore 
 
 of a firearm. 
 
 Call, n. Privilege to demand 
 
 delivery of stock. 
 
 ........ Cal-lFo-pe, n. A musical in- 
 strument having steam whis- 
 tles. 
 
 CaFlous, a. Hardened, insen- 
 sible, unfeeling. 
 
 Calm. n. Stillness, quiet, tran- 
 quillity. 
 
 ..Ca-lunFni-ate, v. To accuse 
 
 falsely and maliciously. 
 
 CanFe-ra, n. An instrument 
 
 for taking photographs. 
 
 ••••«•*. Cam-paign , n. Military opera- 
 tions; political operations pre- 
 ceding an election. 
 
 • • • . . • . . CanFphor , n. An aromatic res- 
 
 in, or gum. 
 
 ••••....Can, n. A. vessel for holding 
 liquids. 
 
 Can, v. To be able; to preserve 
 by putting in sealed cans. 
 
 Ca-naF, n. An artificial chan- 
 nel filled with water. 
 
 CaiFcel, v. To blot out, to ob- 
 literate. 
 
 Can / did, a. Fair, just, impar- 
 tial. 
 
 CaiFdi-date, n. A contestant 
 for office, privilege, or 
 honor. 
 
 CaiFker, v. To corrode, to eat 
 away. 
 
 CaiFni-bal, n . A human being 
 that eats human flesh. 
 
 Cannon, n . A great gun, a fire* 
 arm lor discharging heavy 
 shot. 
 
 CaiFon, n . A law, a rule of 
 doctrine or discipline. 
 
 Cannon (kan'yun), n. A deep 
 gorge, ravine, or gulch. 
 
 CaiFo-py, n. A rooflike cover- 
 ing. 
 
 Cant,w. Jargon, empty speech, 
 hypocrisy. 
 
 CaiFta-loupe, n. A musk- 
 melon. 
 
 CaouFchouc (koo / chook), n . In- 
 dia rubber. 
 
 Ca'pa-ble, a. Possessing abili- 
 ty, qualification; having ca- 
 pacity. 
 
 Ca-pac'i-ty, n. Room, recep- 
 tive faculty. 
 
 Ca'pi-as, n. A writ command- 
 ing to take into custody. 
 
 Capital* n. Money, property, 
 or stock employed in trade. 
 
 Cap'i-tol, n. The building in 
 which is located the seat of 
 government of a nation or a 
 State. 
 
 Ca-prFcious, a. Whimsical, 
 apt to change suddenly. 
 
18 
 
 DKAUGHON’S practical speller. 
 
 X 
 
 K 
 
 ««••• 
 
 *•••• 
 
 Cap'tion, n. The part of a legal 
 instrument showing where, 
 when, and by what authority 
 it was taken, etc.; the head- 
 ing of a chapter, section, or 
 page. 
 
 . .Cap'tious, a . Disposed to find 
 fault. 
 
 . .Cap'ti-vate, v. To fascinate, 
 enchant, charm. 
 
 . . Capture, v. To seize, to secure 
 by effort. 
 
 . .Carcass, n. The dead body of 
 a beast. 
 
 . .Car'di-nal, a. Chief, principal, 
 preeminent. 
 
 ..Care, w. Anxiety, concern, so- 
 licitude, trouble. 
 
 . .CarT-ca-ture, n. A pictorial 
 
 exaggeration. 
 
 . .Car-niv'o-rous, a. Eating or 
 feeding on flesh. 
 
 . .Carte-blanche', n . Unlimited 
 authority. 
 
 . .Cash* n . Ready money; coin, 
 
 specie. 
 
 . . Cashbook, n. A book in which 
 is kept a record of money re- 
 ceived or paid out. 
 
 . .Cash-ier', n. One who has 
 charge of money. 
 
 ..Cast, v. To throw, fling, hurl; 
 to drop, deposit. 
 
 . . Caste, n. A separate class of 
 persons in society. 
 
 . .Cas'u-al, a. Accidental, com- 
 ing by chance. 
 
 . .CaUa-Iogue, n. A list, record, 
 roll, inventory. 
 
 . .Catch'y, a. Apt to catch the 
 fancy or attention. 
 
 . . CaUe-chise, v. To instruct by 
 asking questions. 
 
 . .Ca'ter, v. To buy, procure, or 
 prepare provisions. 
 
 . . Cat'er-pil-lar, n . A large, hairy 
 worm. 
 
 . .Ca-the'dral, n. The principal 
 church in a diocese. 
 
 . . Caucus, n. A political primary 
 meeting. 
 
 . . Caus'al, a. Expressing a cause, 
 causative. 
 
 ..Cause, n. Reason, motive; a 
 suit or action in court. 
 
 ..Cau'tion, n. Prudence, care, 
 forethought. 
 
 ..Cavern, n. A hollow place in 
 the earth, a cave. 
 
 . .Cav'ii, v. To find fault without 
 good reason. 
 
 Cease, v. To stop, quit, discon- 
 tinue. 
 
 Cede, v. To yield or surren- 
 der. 
 
 Ce-leb'ri-ty, n. A person of 
 distinction or renown. 
 
 Ce-ler'i-ty, n. Quickness, swift- 
 ness. 
 
 Ce-lesTial, a. Heavenly, di- 
 vine. 
 
 Ce-menU, n. Substance used 
 for making bodies adhere. 
 
 .Census, n . A numbering of 
 the people. 
 
 Cen'tu-ry, n. A hundred; a pe- 
 riod of a hundred years. 
 
 , Cer'e-mo-ny, n. An act in 
 celebration of some rite or 
 event. 
 
 , Certain, a . Assured, having 
 no doubts. 
 
 . Challenge, n. An invitation to 
 contest or controversy. 
 
 .Cha-lyb'e-ate, a. Impregnated 
 with salts of iron. 
 
 .Cham'ois (sham'my), n. Soft 
 leather made from the skin of 
 the chamois. 
 
 . Chamber- ty, n. Prosecution or 
 defense of a suit by one who 
 has no interest therein. 
 
 .Chan'cel-lor, n. A judicial of 
 fleer of high rank. 
 
 . Chan / cer-y, n. A court of equi- 
 ty. 
 
 . Clian-de-lier 7 , n. A candlestick 
 or lamp stand having several 
 branches. 
 
 .Channel, n. That through 
 which anything passes. 
 
 .Cha'os, n. Confusion, disor- 
 der. 
 
 .Chapter, n. A division of a 
 book or treatise. 
 
 .Charge, n. Entry of what is 
 due from one to another. 
 
 .Char'i-ty, n. Love, good will, 
 alms. 
 
 .Charm, n. Fascination, attrac- 
 tion. 
 
 .Charter, n. An instrument 
 bestowing rights, privileges, 
 or franchises. 
 
 .Chase, n. An earnest seeking 
 after an object greatly de- 
 sired. 
 
 .Chaste, a . Pure, innocent, vir- 
 tuous. 
 
 .Chattel, n. Any item of mov- 
 able or immovable property, 
 except the freehold. 
 
draughon’s practical, speller. 
 
 19 
 
 Check, n. A written order di- 
 recting a bank to pay money 
 as therein stated. 
 
 Chief, a. Highest in rank, prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 Chimney, n. A shaft or flue 
 
 for the escape of smoke. 
 
 * Chi-rog'ra-phy, n. Handwrit- 
 
 ing- 
 
 Chiv'al-ry, n. Dexterity in 
 
 arms; courtesy, etc. 
 
 Choice, n. Act of choosing; 
 
 care in selecting. 
 
 . # Choir (kwire), n. A company of 
 
 singers. 
 
 Christen, v. To give a name, 
 
 to denominate. 
 
 Chrou'i-cle, n. A narrative of 
 
 events. 
 
 Cinder, n . A hot coal without 
 
 flame. 
 
 , # . . . r . . Circuit, n. A revolution ; that 
 which encircles anything. 
 
 •*...*..Cir / eu-late, v. To pass from 
 place to place, to be diffused. 
 
 »« . . , . * . Cir-cum-scribe 7 , v . To hem in, 
 to surround. 
 
 Cir'cum- stance, n . An attend- 
 ant thing or state of things. 
 
 Cir-cum-staiFtial, a. Pertain- 
 ing to circumstances. 
 
 * Cir-cum-vent 7 , v. To gain ad- 
 
 vantage over. 
 
 Cite, v. To summon; to quote; 
 
 to refer to. 
 
 CiFi-zeu, n. One who owes al- 
 legiance to, and is entitled to 
 protection from, a govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Ci-viFi-ty, n. Courtesy, polite- 
 ness. 
 
 Claim, n. The demand of a 
 
 right or supposed right. 
 
 Clan-des 7 tine, a. Kept secret, 
 
 hidden. 
 
 Clar 7 i-fy, v. To make clear or 
 
 bright. 
 
 Class, n. A group of individ- 
 uals, persons, or things. 
 
 Clause, n. A separate portion 
 
 of a written paper, paragraph, 
 or sentence. 
 
 Cleanse, v. To render clean; to 
 
 free from guilt. 
 
 Cleave, v. To adhere closely; 
 
 to cling. 
 
 Clerk, n. One employed to keep 
 
 records or accounts or to sell 
 goods. 
 
 *».Clew, n. An aid to the solution 
 of a mystery. 
 
 ClFent, n. One who consults a 
 
 legal adviser. 
 
 ClFmate, n. Condition of a 
 
 place in relation to various 
 phenomena of the atmosphere, 
 as temperature, moisture, etc. 
 
 ClFmax, n . The highest point, 
 
 greatest degree. 
 
 Clique, w. An association of per- 
 sons for a common purpose. 
 
 Cloth, n. A fabric of fibrous 
 
 material. 
 
 Clotl e, v. To put garments on, 
 
 to * Iress. 
 
 Clump, n. A cluster, a thicket, 
 
 a group. 
 
 Clum / sy, a. Awkward, lacking 
 
 skill. 
 
 Coarse, a. Rough, rude, unpoi- 
 
 ished. 
 
 Coax, v. To persuade, to en- 
 tice. 
 
 Co-de-fend 7 ant, n . A joint de- 
 fendant. 
 
 Co-e 7 qual, a . On an equality in 
 
 rank or power. 
 
 Co-erce 7 , v. To compel or en- 
 force. 
 
 Co-e 7 va], a . Existing during 
 
 the same period of time. 
 
 CoFfer, n. A receptacle for 
 
 money and other valuables. 
 
 . .Cog 7 i-tate, v. To think; to 
 
 plan. 
 
 Cog 7 ni-zance, n. Perception, 
 
 observation; hearing a matter 
 judicially. 
 
 Co-her 7 ent, a. Making a log- 
 ical whole, consistent. 
 
 .Co-in-cide 7 , v. To occur at the 
 
 same time; to correspond ex- 
 actly. 
 
 Col-lapse 7 , v. To fail suddenly 
 
 and completely. 
 
 Col-lat 7 er-al, a. Relating to 
 
 the thing under consideration. 
 
 Col-lect 7 , v , To gather into one 
 
 body or place. 
 
 College, n. An incorporated 
 
 society for purposes of in- 
 struction. 
 
 ... Col-lFsion, n. The act of strik- 
 
 ing together. 
 
 CoFlo-quy, n. Conference, con- 
 versation. 
 
 Col-lude 7 , v. To conspire, to 
 
 act in concert. 
 
 Co-los 7 sal, a . Of enormous 
 
 size, gigantic, huge. 
 
 ....... .CoFumn, n. A pillar; one of the 
 
 divisions of a newspaper page. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 ..Combat, v . To struggle or 
 
 contend. 
 
 Com-bi-na 7 tion, n. A union or 
 
 alliance of persons to effect a 
 purpose. 
 
 Com-bus 7 ti-ble, a. Inflamma- 
 ble. 
 
 Com 7 e-dy, n. A play in which 
 
 mirth predominates. 
 
 Comedy (kumly), a. Hand- 
 
 \ some, good-looking. 
 
 L Com 7 forf, v. To encourage, re- 
 
 lieve, console, chesr. 
 
 Com-mand 7 , v. Tj direct, 
 
 charge, order. 
 
 Com-men 7 su-rate, a. Equal in 
 
 measure or extent. 
 
 .... Continent, v. To make re- 
 
 marks, observations, criti- 
 cisms. 
 
 Com-mer 7 cial, a. Mercantile, 
 
 pertaining to trade. 
 
 • Corn-mission, v. To empower 
 
 or authorize, to delegate. 
 
 Com-init 7 tee, n. One or more 
 
 persons to whom a matter is 
 referred. 
 
 Com-mod 7 i-ty, n. Everything 
 
 movable that is bought and 
 sold (except animals). 
 
 ........ Cem 7 mon-er, n . One of the 
 
 common people. 
 
 Common- wealth, n. A State, 
 
 a body politic. 
 
 Com-mu-ni-ca 7 tion, n. Intelli- 
 gence, news, verbal or written 
 message. 
 
 Compact, n. An agreement be- 
 tween parties. 
 
 Coin-par 7 i-son, n . Relative es- 
 timate. 
 
 Com-pat 7 i-ble, a. Suitable, con- 
 gruous, agreeable. 
 
 Com-pel 7 , v. To drive or urge, 
 
 to force, to constrain. 
 
 Com-pen-sa 7 tion, n. Amends, 
 
 remuneration, recompense. 
 
 Com-pete 7 , v. To seek or strive 
 
 for the same thing for which 
 another is seeking or striving. 
 
 Com-pet 7 i-tor, n. A rival, one 
 who competes. 
 
 Com 7 ple-ment, n. That which 
 
 fills up or completes. 
 
 «•••.. ..Com 7 pli-cate, v. To combine 
 or associate so as to make dif- 
 ficult or intricate. 
 
 Com 7 pli-ment, n. An expres- 
 sion of regard or approbation. 
 
 Com-ply 7 , v . To yield assent, 
 
 to accord, to agree. 
 
 Corn-port 7 , v. To agree, to ac- 
 cord, to suit. 
 
 Com-pose 7 , v. To put together, 
 
 to fashion. 
 
 Com-pre-hend 7 , v. To grasp 
 
 with the understanding. 
 
 Com 7 pro-mise, n . A settlement 
 
 by arbitration or mutual con- 
 sent. 
 
 Com-pul 7 so-ry, a. Having the 
 
 power of compulsion. 
 
 Com-pute 7 , v. To determine by 
 
 calculation. 
 
 Con, v . To know, to under* 
 
 stand. 
 
 Con, adv. Against, in opposi- 
 
 tion, on the negative side. 
 
 Con-ceal 7 , v. To withhold 
 
 knowledge of, to hide. 
 
 Con-ceive 7 , v. To take into th^ 
 
 mind, to understand. 
 
 Con-cem 7 , n . Interest in, solic- 
 itude; business firm. 
 
 Con-coct 7 , v . To devise, to 
 
 plan, to plot. 
 
 Con-cur 7 , v. To agree, to cor- 
 respond. 
 
 ....... .Con-dense 7 , v . To abridge, to 
 
 epitomize. 
 
 Con-de-scend 7 , v. To stoop or 
 
 descend. 
 
 Con-di 7 tion, n. State of being, 
 
 rank, position, etc. 
 
 Con-do 7 lence, n. Expression of 
 
 sympathy in sorrow. 
 
 Con-du 7 cive, a. Helpful, con- 
 
 tributive, tending to pro- 
 mote. 
 
 Con-fec 7 tion-er-y, n. Sweet 
 
 meats, in general. 
 
 Con-f er 7 , v. To consult, to com- 
 pare views. 
 
 Con-fide 7 , v. To intrust, to re- 
 pose confidence. 
 
 Con 7 fis-cate, v. To seize as for- 
 feited to the public treasury. 
 
 Con-fuse 7 , v. To confound, to 
 
 render indistinct or obscure. 
 
 ........ Con-fute 7 , v. To overwhelm by 
 
 argument. 
 
 Con-grat 7 u-late, v. To wish joy 
 
 to. 
 
 Con 7 gress, n. The body of sen- 
 ators and representatives of 
 the people of a nation. 
 
 Con-jec 7 ture, v. To guess, to 
 
 form an opinion concerning. 
 
 Con-nec 7 tion, n< Union, alli- 
 ance, relationship. 
 
 Con-nive 7 , v. To pretend not 
 
 to see, to wink at. 
 
21 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 .Con-nois-seur 7 , n. One well 
 versed in any subject. 
 
 . Conscious , a. Sensible, aware, 
 cognizant. 
 
 .Con-sen 7 sus, n. Agreement, 
 accord, consent. 
 
 .Con-ser-va 7 tion, n. Tbe act of 
 preserving, guarding, or pro- 
 tecting. 
 
 .Con-sign 7 ment, n. Goods or 
 commodities sent at one time 
 to a consignee. 
 
 .Con-sol 7 i-date, v. To unite, to 
 combine. 
 
 . Con-spire 7 , v. To plot together; 
 to concur to one end. 
 
 .Con-strain 7 , v. To hold back 
 by force. 
 
 .Con-struct 7 , v . To build, to 
 erect. 
 
 .Con-strue 7 , v. To interpret, to 
 put a construction upon. 
 
 .Con-sume 7 , v. To destroy, 
 swallow up, ingulf, exhaust. 
 
 .Con-ta 7 gious, a. Communica- 
 ble by contact. 
 
 .Con-temn 7 , v. To despise, to 
 scorn. 
 
 , Con-tem 7 po-ra-ry, a. Living, 
 occurring, or existing at the 
 same time. 
 
 , Con 7 test, n. Strife in argument, 
 controversy, debate, alterca- 
 tion. 
 
 ,Con-tig 7 u-ous, a . Near, adja- 
 cent, touching. 
 
 ,Con-tin 7 gent, a . Possible, or 
 liable, but not certain. 
 
 Contract, n. An agreement, 
 a compact. 
 
 ,Con 7 tra-ry, a. Opposite, ad- 
 verse. 
 
 Con-tra-vene 7 , v. To oppose, 
 to contradict, to defeat. 
 
 ,Con-trib 7 u-to-ry, a. Promot- 
 ing, aiding. 
 
 , Con^tro-ver-sy, n. Contention, 
 dispute, debate. 
 
 Con-vene 7 , v. To assemble, to 
 meet, to congregate. 
 
 Con-ven 7 tion-al, a . Sanctioned 
 by usage. 
 
 Converse, a. Turned about, 
 reversed. 
 
 Con-verse 7 , v. To discourse, 
 talk, chat. 
 
 Con-vey 7 , v. To transfer or de- 
 liver to another. 
 
 Con-vey 7 an-cer, n. One who 
 draws up conveyances of 
 property. 
 
 . .Con-vict 7 , v . To prove or find 
 guilty. 
 
 ..Co-op 7 er-ate, v. To operate 
 jointly with another. 
 
 . . Cop 7 y, n. A transcript or repro- 
 duction of an original work. 
 
 >.Cor 7 ol-la-ry, n. Something 
 wmcn ionows from xne dem- 
 onstration of a proposition. 
 
 . .Cor-po-ra 7 tion, n. A body pol- ! 
 itic or corporate. 
 
 ..Corps (kor), n. A body of, 
 men. 
 
 . .Corpse, n. The dead body of a 
 human being. 
 
 . .Cor-re-spond 7 ent, n. One who 
 carries on intercourse by let- 
 ter or telegram. 
 
 . . Cor-rob 7 o-rate, v. To confirm, 
 
 to establish. 
 
 . . Coun 7 cil, n. A body of men as- 
 sembled for consultation. 
 
 . . Coun 7 sel, n. One who gives ad- 
 vice; the advice itself. 
 
 . .Coun 7 ter-feit, n. A likeness, a 
 counterpart. 
 
 . . Coun-ter-mand 7 , v. To revoke, 
 to cancel. 
 
 . . Cour 7 te-sy, n. Politeness, civil- 
 ity. 
 
 ..Cous 7 im n. A relative, espe- 
 cially xne son or aaugnxer * . 
 an uncle or aunt. 
 
 ..Course, n. Progress, passage; 
 the act of moving from one 
 point to another 
 
 ..Cov 7 e-nant, v. To enter into a 
 formal agreement. 
 
 . .Coy 7 er-ture, n. Condition of a 
 woman during marriage, be- 
 ing considered under the cover 
 and protection of her husband. 
 
 . .Coz 7 en, v . To cheat, defraud, 
 beguile. 
 
 ..Co 7 zy, a. Snug, comfortable, 
 contented. 
 
 ..Crank, n. A bent portion of 
 mechanism by which motion 
 is imparted to it; one given to 
 impracticable projects. 
 
 ..Crease, n. A line or mark 
 made by doubling or folding. 
 
 . .Cre-ate 7 , v. To bring into be- 
 ing. 
 
 ..Crea 7 it, n. Trust given or re- 
 ceived. 
 
 . . Crime, n. Any violation of law, 
 either divine or human. 
 
 ..Cri 7 sis (pi. cri'ses ), n. The de- 
 cisive moment, the turning 
 point. 
 
22 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 .Crit'i-cise, v. To pass judg- 
 ment upon. 
 
 .Cro-chet 7 (kro-sha 7 ), v. To knit 
 with a crochet needle. 
 
 ,Cro-quet 7 , n. A game played 
 with wooden halls. 
 
 .Crossbill, n. A bill brought 
 by a defendant in an equity 
 or chancery suit. 
 
 .Cruise, n. A sailing to and fro 
 on the ocean. 
 
 .Cruse, n. A cup or dish; a bot- 
 tle for holding water, etc. 
 
 ,Crys 7 tal-lize, v. To cause to 
 form crystals. 
 
 Cul 7 pa-ble, a. Deserving cen- 
 sure, worthy of blame. 
 
 Cu 7 mu-la-tive, a. Tending to 
 prove the same point as other 
 evidence. 
 
 Cu-pid 7 i-ty, n. Inordinate de- 
 sire for wealth. 
 
 Currant, n. A small kind of 
 seedless raisin. 
 
 Current, n. A flowing or pass- 
 ing. 
 
 Dahlia, n. A plant bearing 
 
 flowers of different colors. 
 
 Dainty, n. That which is deli- 
 cious or delicate; a delicacy. 
 
 • Dai 7 sy, n. A plant having a 
 
 yellow disk and white or pink- 
 ish rays. 
 
 DaMy, v. To fool away time, 
 
 to trifle, to delay. 
 
 Damage, n. Injury to person, 
 
 property, or reputation. 
 
 Damned, a . Hateful, detesta- 
 ble. 
 
 . Dam / num, n. Harm, detri- 
 
 ment. 
 
 Damper, n . That which 
 
 checks. 
 
 Dan 7 ger-ous, a . Unsafe, haz- 
 ardous. 
 
 Dare, v. To venture; to chal- 
 lenge. 
 
 «••«••• .Darkless, n. Absence of light; 
 
 obscurity, gloom, ignorance. 
 
 ....... .Dastard, n. A coward, a pol- 
 troon. 
 
 Dative,®. Capable of being dis- 
 posed of at will and pleasure. 
 
 .. Da 7 tum (pi. da'ta ), n . Some- 
 
 thing given or admitted. 
 
 .Daybook, n. A journal of ac- 
 counts of the day, in their 
 order. 
 
 Cur 7 so-ry, a. Slight, supers 
 ficial, careless. 
 
 Cur-tail 7 , v. To shorten, to 
 abridge. 
 
 Cur 7 te-sy, n. The life estate of 
 a husband in the lands of his 
 deceased wife. 
 
 Cus 7 to-dy, n. Judicial or penal 
 safe-keeping. 
 
 Custom, n. Long-established 
 practice; pi. tolls or duties 
 imposed by law. 
 
 Cy-clo-pe 7 di-a, n. A work cou 
 
 taining information in all de 
 artments of knowledge. 
 7 in-der, n. A body of roller- 
 like form. 
 
 ,Cym / bal, n. A brass musical 
 instrument, shaped like a flat 
 plate. 
 
 Cyn 7 ic, n . A snarler, one who is 
 skeptical of good appearances. 
 Cy'no-sure, n. A center of at- 
 traction. 
 
 Czar, n. The title of the Em- 
 peror of Russia. 
 
 Day 7 spring, n. The dawn, the 
 beginning of the day. 
 
 Deau, a. Deprived of life; in- 
 active, useless. 
 
 Deadlock, n. A complete ob- 
 struction of action. 
 
 Deaf, a. Wanting the sense of 
 hearing. 
 
 Deal 7 ing, n . Method of busi- 
 ness, traffic. 
 
 De-base 7 , v . To degrade, to 
 lower. 
 
 .De-bate 7 , v. To dispute, to 
 argue lor and against. 
 .De-bauch 7 , v. To corrupt, to 
 pollute. 
 
 .De«ben 7 ture, n. A writing ac- 
 knowledging a debt. 
 .De-bil 7 i-ty, n. Weakness, fee- 
 bleness. 
 
 .Deb 7 it, n. An entry on the 
 debtor side of an account. 
 •Deb-o-nair 7 , a. Courteous, af- 
 fable, gentle. 
 
 .D6-bris 7 . n . Remains, ruins, 
 rubbisn. 
 
 .De-but 7 , n . A first appearance 
 before the public. 
 
 .Dec 7 ade, n. A period of ten 
 years. 
 
 De-camp 7 , v. To depart sud 
 
 denly. 
 
DEAUGHON’S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 23 
 
 De-ceit 7 , n . Fraud, imposition, 
 
 duplicity. 
 
 ....... .Decent, a. Becoming, fit, de- 
 corous, modest. 
 
 ........ De-cide 7 , v. To determine, to 
 
 settle. 
 
 • . De-claim 7 , v. To make a form- 
 
 al speech. 
 
 Dec-la-ra 7 tiou, n. That part of 
 
 the pleadings set forth in a 
 bill of cordplaint. 
 
 ....... .De-cline 7 , v. To refuse, reject, 
 
 shun. 
 
 .De-col-le«t6 7 , a . Low-necked 
 
 as to dress. 
 
 . . . r; • . .De-com-pose 7 , v . To rot or de- 
 cay. 
 
 Dec 7 o-rate, v. To beautify, to 
 
 v embellish. 
 
 • ••••-••• De-coy 7 , v. To lure into a net 
 
 or snare. 
 
 . . i De-cree 7 , n. Edict, law, author- 
 
 itative rule. 
 
 ........De-cry 7 , v . To cry down; to 
 
 i discredit. 
 
 . Ded 7 i-cate, v. To set apart and 
 
 consecrate. 
 
 De-duce 7 ,v. To derive or draw; 
 
 to arrive at as the result of 
 reasoning. 
 
 Deed, n. An instrument con- 
 taining transfer, bargain, or 
 contract. 
 
 De-face 7 , v. To mar, disfigure, 
 
 injure, spoil. 
 
 • •••••• .De-fal-ca 7 tion, n. Embezzle- 
 
 ment. 
 
 De-fault 7 , v. To fail to per- 
 form or pay. 
 
 e-fea 7 sance, n. A rendering 
 null or void. 
 
 De-feat 7 , v. To baffle, disap- 
 point, frustrate ; to overthrow. 
 ,De-fend 7 , v. To oppose or re- 
 - sist. * * 
 
 ,De-fend 7 ant, n. A person re- 
 quired to make answer in a 
 suit at law.* 
 
 ,De-fi 7 cient, a. Imperfect, inad- 
 equate, defective. 
 
 , Def 7 i-cit, n . A falling short, de- 
 ficiency in amount or quality. 
 De-fraud 7 , v. To cheat, to over- 
 reach. 
 
 Deft, a. Apt, dexterous, clever, 
 handy. 
 
 ,De-fy 7 , v . To treat with con- 
 tempt; to challenge. 
 
 ,De 7 i-fy, v. To make a god of; 
 to treat as an object of su- 
 preme regard. 
 
 ,De 7 i-ty, n. Divinity, Godhead; 
 the Supreme Being. 
 
 ,De-ject 7 ed ? a. Cast down, sad. 
 low-spirited. 
 
 ,De ju 7 re. By right, of right, by 
 law. 
 
 , De-lay 7 , v. To put off, defer; to 
 stop, detain, or hinder. 
 
 ,Del 7 e-gate ? v. To authorize, to 
 commission. 
 
 ,De-lin 7 quent, a . Failing in 
 duty. 
 
 ,De-lude 7 , v . To lead from 
 truth. 
 
 .De-lu 7 sive, a. Tending to mis- 
 lead the mind. 
 
 .De-mand 7 , v. To call for ur- 
 gently. 
 
 ,De-mean 7 or, n. Behavior, de- 
 portment. 
 
 , De-mesne 7 (de-men 7 ), n. A house, 
 with lands adjoining, kept for 
 the proprietor’s own use. 
 
 .De-moc 7 ra-cy, n. Government 
 by the people. 
 
 .Dem 7 on-»trate, v. To show by 
 reasoning or proof. 
 
 ,De-mur 7 , v. To delay, pause, 
 hesitate. 
 
 ,De-ni 7 al, n. Refusal to admit 
 the truth of a statement. 
 
 .Den 7 i-zen, n. A dweller, an in- 
 habitant. 
 
 .De-nom 7 i-nate, v. To charac- 
 terize, to designate. 
 
 .D6-noue 7 ment, n. Solution of 
 a mystery, issue, outcome. 
 
 .De-part 7 , v. To go away; to 
 withdraw. 
 
 .De-pend 7 , v . To rely for sup- 
 port. 
 
 .De-plore 7 , v . To lament over, 
 to sorrow. 
 
 ,De-po 7 nent, n. One who de- 
 poses or testifies under oath. 
 
 .De-pose 7 , v. To deprive of of- 
 fice; to testify under oath. 
 
 .De-pos 7 it, v. To put into one’s- 
 hands for safe-keeping. 
 
 , De-prav 7 i-ty, n . W ickedness of 
 mind or heart. 
 
 .Dep 7 ro-cate, v. To disapprove 
 of strongly. 
 
 .De-pre 7 ci-ate, v. To lessen in 
 price. 
 
 ,Dep 7 u-ty, n. One appointed as 
 the substitute of another. 
 
 .Der 7 e-lict, a. Neglectful, care* 
 less. 
 
 ,Der 7 o-gate, v. To annul in 
 part. 
 
24 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Des-cant 7 , v. To comment 
 
 freely. 
 
 e ..... . .De-scribe 7 , v. To represent by 
 
 words written or spoken. | 
 
 De-scry 7 , v. To espy, to dis- 
 cern. 
 
 De-sid -e-ra 7 tum, n. A want 
 
 generally felt and acknowl- 
 edged. 
 
 , De-sign 7 , n. Preliminary 
 
 sketch; intention, purpose. 
 
 De-sire 7 , n. An eager wish to 
 
 obtain or enjoy. 
 
 De-sist 7 , v. To cease, to for- 
 bear. 
 
 De-spair 7 , v. To give up hope 
 
 or expectation. 
 
 De-spise 7 , v. To have a low 
 
 opinion of. 
 
 Des 7 ti-ny, n. Fate, lot, doom; 
 
 fixed order of things. 
 
 Des 7 ti-tute, a . Deficient, lack- 
 ing. 
 
 De-stroy 7 , v. To ruin, to bring 
 
 to naught. 
 
 De-tack 7 , v . To separate, to 
 
 disunite. 
 
 De 7 tail, n. Account, recital, 
 
 explanation. 
 
 De-tail 7 , v . To particularize, 
 
 specify, enumerate. 
 
 De-tect 7 , v . To discover, to 
 
 find out. 
 
 * De-te 7 ri-o-rate, v. To degener- 
 
 ate. 
 
 De-ter 7 mme, v. To ascertain 
 
 definitely. 
 
 De-test 7 , v. To abhor, abomi- 
 nate. 
 
 Det 7 i-ime, n. A person or 
 
 thing detained. 
 
 De-tract 7 , v . To defame, to 
 
 traduce. 
 
 Det 7 ri-ment, n . Harm, mis- 
 chief. 
 
 * Deuce, n. A card or a die with 
 
 two spots. 
 
 Dev 7 as-tate, v . To lay waste, 
 
 destroy, demolish. 
 
 * De-vel 7 op, v. To advance, to 
 
 promote the growth of. 
 
 De-vi-a 7 tion, n. Departure 
 
 from a course. 
 
 De-vise 7 , v . To plan or scheme; 
 
 to invent. 
 
 De-vise 7 , n . A will, or testa- 
 ment, conveying real estate. 
 
 * Dev-i-see 7 , n . One to whom a 
 
 devise is made. 
 
 De-volve 7 , v. To pass by trans- 
 mission or succession. 
 
 Dev-o-tee 7 , n . One wholly de- 
 voted. 
 
 De-vour 7 , v. To consume, to 
 
 swallow up. 
 
 De-vout 7 , a. Pious, reverent, 
 
 religious. 
 
 Dex 7 ter-ous, a. Skillful, art- 
 ful. 
 
 Di-a-bol 7 i-cal, a. Devilish, in- 
 fernal. 
 
 Di-ag-no 7 sis, n . Critical per- 
 ception or scrutiny. 
 
 Di 7 a-gram, n. A drawing for 
 
 mechanical or scientific pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Di 7 a-lect, n. Form of speech, 
 
 mode of expressing thoughts. 
 
 Di 7 a-mond, n. A preciou3 
 
 stone. 
 
 Di 7 a-ry, n. A daily record, a 
 
 journal. 
 
 Dick 7 er, v. To barter; to trade, 
 
 or exchange. 
 
 Dictate, v. To utter so that 
 
 another may write dow r n. 
 
 Dic-ta-to 7 ri-al, a. Imperious, 
 
 overbearing. 
 
 Dic 7 tioii-a-ry, n. A wordbook, 
 
 a vocabulary. 
 
 Di 7 et, n. Food, victuals; pre- 
 scribed allowance of food. 
 
 Dif 7 fer, v . To disagree; to 1:* 
 
 unlike. 
 
 Di£-fer-eii 7 ti-ate, v. To distin 
 
 guish, to specialize. 
 
 Dif 7 fi-dent, a . Modest, timid! 5 
 
 bashful. 
 
 Dig 7 ni-ty, n. True worth, ex * 
 
 cellence. 
 
 Di-gress 7 , v. To turn aside, to 
 
 deviate. 
 
 Di-lem 7 ma, n. A difficult choice 
 
 or position, a vexatious pre* 
 dicament. 
 
 Di-min 7 u-tive, a . Small, below 
 
 the average. 
 
 ........Dint, n. Force, power; the 
 
 mark left by a blow. 
 
 Di-plo 7 ma, n. A written instru- 
 ment conferring privileges or 
 honors. 
 
 Di-plo 7 ma-cy, n. Skill in secure 
 
 ing advantages. 
 
 Di-rect 7 or, n. One of a body o f 
 
 managers. 
 
 Dis-al-iow 7 , v. To refuse to al- 
 low. 
 
 Dis-ap-point 7 , v. To defeat ot 
 
 expectation or hope. 
 
 Dis-ap-prove 7 , v . To pass un 
 
 favorable judgment upon. 
 
25 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 
 « i • * • e t 
 
 »»»•*«• 
 
 
 ; * r 
 
 0is-as 7 ter, n. A calamity, a 
 serious mishap. 
 
 .Dis-a-vow 7 , v . To disclaim, to 
 disown. 
 
 ~Dis-bar 7 , v. To expel from the 
 bar. 
 
 s Dis-burse 7 , v. To pay out, to 
 expend. 
 
 .Dis-cern 7 , v. To discriminate, 
 to distinguish. 
 
 .Dis-charge 7 , v. To unload; to 
 dismiss. 
 
 .Dis-ci 7 ple, n. A learner, a fol- 
 lower. 
 
 .Dis 7 ci-pline, n. Training, drill, 
 control. 
 
 .Dis-com 7 fi-ture, n. Overthrow, 
 defeat. 
 
 .Dis-con-tin 7 u-ance, n. A break- 
 ing off or interruption. 
 
 .Discord, n . Want of agree- 
 ment. 
 
 .Discount, v. To deduct from 
 an account, etc. 
 
 .Discourse, n . A speech, a 
 treatise. 
 
 .Dis-cov 7 er, v. To find out, to 
 ascertain. 
 
 .Dis-cred 7 it, v. To deprive of 
 credit; to disbelieve. 
 
 .Dis-crep 7 an-cy, n. Disagree- 
 ment, variance. 
 
 .Dis-cre 7 tion, n . Wise conduct, 
 prudence. 
 
 .Dis-crim 7 i*nate, v. To distin- 
 guish. 
 
 .Dis-cu3 7 sion, n. Examination 
 by argument. 
 
 .Dis-ease 7 , n . Malady, sickness, 
 disorder. 
 
 .Dis-fran 7 chise, v. To deprive of 
 a franchise or of citizen- 
 ship. 
 
 .Dis-guise 7 , v. To cloak, to 
 mask. 
 
 .Dis-gust 7 , n. Aversion, dis- 
 pleasure, strong distaste. 
 
 .Dis-hon 7 est' a . Faithless, un- 
 trustworthy. 
 
 .Dis-in-hei^it, v. To cut off from 
 an inheritance. 
 
 .Disk, n . A flat, circular plate; 
 the surface of a leaf. 
 
 *Dis-miss 7 , v. To send away, to 
 cause or permit to go. 
 
 .Dis-par 7 age, v. To depreciate, 
 undervalue, underrate. 
 
 .Dis-patch 7 , v. To dispose of 
 speedily. 
 
 .Dis-perse 7 , v. To scatter 
 abroad. 
 
 . . .Dis -place 7 , v. To remove from 
 employment, office, etc. 
 
 . . .Dis-play 7 , v. To make an exhi- 
 bition of. 
 
 . . .Dis-pose 7 , v. To distribute, to 
 arrange. 
 
 . . .Dis 7 pu-tant, n. One who dis- 
 putes. 
 
 . . .Dis-qual-i-fl-ca 7 tion, n. Incom- 
 petency, disability. 
 
 . . .Dis-rep 7 u-ta-ble, a. Of bad re- 
 pute. 
 
 . . .Dis-seize 7 , v. To deprive of 
 possession. 
 
 . . .Dis-sem 7 ble,i;. To conceal real 
 facts, motives, or intentions. 
 
 . . .Dis-sem 7 i-nate, v. To spread, 
 circulate, disperse. 
 
 . . .Dis-sent 7 , n. Difference of 
 opinion, disagreement. 
 
 . . .Dis-si-pa 7 tion, n. A dissolute 
 course of life. 
 
 . . .Dis-soive 7 , v. To disconnect, to 
 sunder, to separate. 
 
 . . .Dis-tend 7 , v. To stretch out, to 
 enlarge. 
 
 . . .Dis-tinct 7 , a . Plain, conspicu- 
 ous; different, individual. 
 
 . . .Dis-tin 7 guish, v . To recognize 
 or discern by marks, signs, 
 etc. 
 
 . . .Dis-tort 7 , v. To wrest from the 
 true meaning. 
 
 . . .Dis -tract 7 , v . To confound, to 
 harass. 
 
 . . .Dis-trib 7 ute, v. To divide, deal 
 out, apportion. 
 
 . . .Dis-turb 7 , v. To agitate, per* 
 plex, trouble. 
 
 . . .Di-ur 7 nal, a. # Relating to the 
 daytime, daily. 
 
 . . .Di 7 vers, a . Several, sundry, 
 various. 
 
 ...Diverse, a . Different, unlike, 
 distinct. ^ 
 
 ...Di-vert 7 , v. To turn aside, to' 
 deflect. 
 
 . . .Di-yest 7 , v. To deprive; to un- 
 clothe. 
 
 ...Div 7 i-dend, n. A distributive 
 sum, share, percentage. 
 
 . . .Di-vine 7 , a . Godlike, heavenly, 
 holy. 
 
 ...Di-vorce 7 , n. Separation, dis- 
 union. 
 
 . . .Di-vulge 7 , v. To make public; 
 to disclose. 
 
 Easily managed or 
 A calendar of cases 
 
 .Doc 7 ile, a. 
 
 taught. 
 .Dock 7 et, n . 
 for trial. 
 
26 
 
 DKAUGHON’S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 .. Doc'trino, n. Teaching, in- 
 
 struction; precept, maxim. 
 
 • . .Doc-u-men'ta-ry, a. Pertain- 
 
 ing to written evidence. 
 
 Dog-maUic, a. Positive, arro- 
 gantly authoritative. 
 
 DoEor-ons, a. Doleful, dismal, 
 
 sorrowful. 
 
 o Do'maiUj n. Dominion, empire; 
 
 authority. 
 
 Do-mes'tic, a. Pertaining to 
 
 one’s own home, nation, or 
 country. 
 
 Domicile, n. A place of per- 
 manent residence. 
 
 DonEi-uant, a . Ruling, govern- 
 ing, prevailing. 
 
 .Dormant, a. Sleeping, not in 
 
 action. 
 
 Doubt, n. Uncertainty, hesita- 
 tion. 
 
 Dough, n. A soft mass of mois- 
 tened flour or meal. 
 
 « • Dough'ty, a. Able, strong, val- 
 
 iant. 
 
 Dow'er, n. Provision for a 
 
 woman on her husband’s 
 death. 
 
 „ Dow'ry, n. A bride’s portion at 
 
 marriage. 
 
 Draft, n. An order directing 
 
 payment. 
 
 a Dra'ma, n. Depiction of human 
 
 life in a series of acts. 
 
 • ••••.. .Draught, n . A drawing, a pull- 
 
 ing; a current of air. 
 
 Ea'ger, a. Keenly desirous, 
 
 zealous, earnest. 
 
 Earn, v. To merit by labor or 
 
 service performed. 
 
 Earth / ly, a. Pertaining to the 
 
 earth. 
 
 Earthy a . Consisting of or re- 
 sembling earth. 
 
 or Easement, n. The liberty or 
 
 privilege of one proprietor in 
 the estate of another. 
 
 Ea'sy-go-iug, a . Ease-loving, 
 
 inactive. 
 
 Eaves'drop-per, n> A secret 
 
 listener. 
 
 • ••««•• .Ebb, v. To flow back; to decay, 
 
 decrease, wane. 
 
 • Ec-ceu'trie, a. Deviating from 
 
 stated methods, forms, or cus- 
 toms. 
 
 Ec-cle-si-as'tic, a . Of or per- 
 taining to the Church. 
 
 .Draw, v. To pull; to make a 
 written demand. 
 
 .Draw-ee', n. One who is drawn, 
 upon. 
 
 .Drawer, n. One who draws; 
 a draughtsman. 
 
 .Drift, v . To float or be driven 
 by a current of water. 
 
 .Drink (imp. drank , p. p. drunk\ 
 v. To swallow anything liquid. 
 
 .Drive, v. To impel or urge on* 
 ward. 
 
 .Drought, n. Want of rain or 
 
 water. 
 
 .Du>l, a. Expressing, or con- 
 sisting of, the number two; 
 belonging to two. 
 
 .Du'bi-ous, a. Doubtful, waver* 
 ing. 
 
 .Due, «. Owed, payable-; ap- 
 pointed to arrive at a given 
 time. 
 
 .Du'el, n . A combat between 
 two persons. 
 
 .DnmTound, v. To confuse 
 with astonishment. 
 
 .Dun, n. Urgent request or de- 
 mand for payment. 
 
 .Dupe, v . To deceive by a trick* 
 to gull. 
 
 .Du'pli-cate, n. An exact copy* 
 a counterpart. 
 
 .Duress, n . Compulsion, hard 
 ship, restraint of liberty. 
 
 .Dye, v. To stain, to color, to 
 give a new color to. 
 
 .Ech'o, n. Repetition of a 
 sound. 
 
 .Ec-lec'tic, a . Made up of what 
 is chosen or selected. 
 
 .E-co-nom'ics, n. The science 
 of household or state affairs. 
 
 .Ec / sta-sj r , n. An extraordinary 
 elevation of the spirit. 
 
 .Ed / dy ? n . A current of watei 
 or air moving in a circular di 
 rection. 
 
 .Ed'i-ble, a . Eatable, fit to b* 
 eaten as food. 
 
 .E'dict, n. A public command 01 
 ordinance by sovereign power. 
 
 .Ed'i-fy, v . To instruct and im- 
 prove. 
 
 .Ed'it, v. To revise and prepare 
 for publication. 
 
 .Ed'u-cate, v . To develon, in- 
 struct, teach, inform, enlight* 
 en. 
 
draughon’s practical, speller. 
 
 27 
 
 Ef-face 7 , v . To blot out, erase, 
 
 obliterate. 
 
 Ef-fect 7 , n . Execution, per- 
 formance, realization. 
 
 Ef-fect 7 , v. To bring to pass, 
 
 to execute. 
 
 Ef-feet 7 ive, a. Efficient, opera- 
 tive, serviceable. 
 
 Ef-fec 7 tu-al, a. Adequate, de- 
 cisive. 
 
 Ef-fem 7 i-nate, a . Womanish, 
 
 weak. 
 
 , ....... Ef -fete 7 , a . Exhausted of en- 
 ergy; barren, sterile. 
 
 Ef 7 fort, n , . An exertion of 
 
 i strength or power. 
 
 Egg, v . To urge on, instigate, 
 
 incite. 
 
 , E 7 go-tism, n . Too frequent use 
 
 of the word “I.” 
 
 E-gre 7 gious, a. Extraordinary 
 
 — joined with words having a 
 bad sense. 
 
 E-ject 7 ment, n. A disposses- 
 sion, an expulsion. 
 
 .E-lab 7 o-rate, v. To perfect with 
 painstaking. 
 
 • •••...E-la 7 ted; a . Delighted, lifted 
 
 up, raised. 
 
 • E-lect 7 , v. To select, choose, 
 
 prefer. 
 
 E-lec 7 tion, n. The act of choos- 
 ing by ballot or viva voce . 
 
 E-lec-tric 7 i-ty, n. A manifesta- 
 tion of nature’s energy. 
 
 * E-lec 7 tri-fy, v. To give an elec- 
 
 tric shock to; to thrill. 
 
 • E-lec 7 tro-cute, v. To put to 
 
 death by electricity. 
 
 E-lec 7 tro-type, v. To make fac- 
 simile plates of by the electro- 
 type process. 
 
 El-ee-mos 7 y-na-ry, a. Relating 
 
 to charity. 
 
 • . El 7 e-gant, a. Choice, polished, 
 
 graceful. 
 
 * . e . . . . .El 7 e-ment, n. A simple, essen- 
 tial part or principle. 
 
 .«••••• .El-e-men 7 ta-ry, a. Elemental, 
 rudimentary. 
 
 El 7 e-vate, v. To raise, to lift 
 
 up. 
 
 •••.••..E-lic 7 it, v . To bring to light; 
 
 to bring out against the 
 will. 
 
 EEi-gi-ble, a. Proper or quali- 
 fied, worthy. 
 
 , O 0 »*...E-lim / i-nate, v. To expel; to 
 , leave out of consideration. 
 
 f OG 0 0 0-0 « E-lite 7 (a-let), n. A choice or 
 select body. 
 
 El-lip 7 sis, n. An omission of 
 
 one or more words. 
 
 El-o-cu 7 tion, n. Oratorical or 
 
 expressive delivery. 
 
 E-lope 7 , v . To run away or es- 
 cape privately. 
 
 Elo-quent, a . Expressing 
 
 strong emotions or forceful 
 arguments in an effective 
 manner. 
 
 E-lu 7 ci-date, v. To make clear 
 
 or manifest. 
 
 E-lude 7 , v . To avoid slyly; to 
 
 escape from. 
 
 E-ma 7 ci-ate, v . To waste away 
 
 in flesh. 
 
 Em 7 a-nate, v. To proceed from, 
 
 to take origin. 
 
 E-man 7 ci-pate, v . To free from 
 
 any controlling influence. 
 
 '. Em-bar 7 rass, v . To confuse, to 
 
 perplex. 
 
 Em-bePlish, u To adorn, to 
 
 beautify. 
 
 Em-bez 7 zle, v . To appropriate 
 
 fraudulently to one’s own 
 use. 
 
 Emblem, n. A visible sign of 
 
 an idea. 
 
 Em-boss 7 , v. To raise in relief 
 
 from a surface. 
 
 Em-brace 7 , v . To take in the 
 
 arms; to include. 
 
 Exn 7 bry-o, a. Rudimentary, 
 
 undeveloped. 
 
 E-mei^gen-cy, n. An unforo* 
 
 seen occurrence. 
 
 Em 7 i-grant, n . One who quits 
 
 one country to settle in an- 
 other. 
 
 Em 7 i-nent, a . Conspicuous, dis- 
 tinguished. 
 
 ..... „ . .Em 7 is-sa-ry, n. An agent em- 
 ployed to advance the in- 
 terests of his employer. 
 
 E-mo 7 lion, n. Excitement of 
 
 the feelings. 
 
 Em 7 pha-sis, n. Particular 
 
 stress of utterance. t 
 
 Em-ploy 7 , v. To use; to have 
 
 in service. 
 
 ....... . Em 7 n-late, v. To strive to equal 
 
 or excel. 
 
 En-act 7 ment, n. A law, a 
 
 statute. 
 
 En-chant 7 , v. To charm, to de- 
 light. 
 
 En-co 7 mi-um, n. High praise, 
 
 strong commendation. 
 
 En-com 7 pass, v. To encircle, 
 
 surround, inclose. 
 
28 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Encore, n. A call for a repeti- 
 tion. 
 
 En-cour 7 age, v. To give cour- 
 age to; to animate. 
 
 En-croach 7 ? v. To trespass, in- 
 trude, infringe. 
 
 En-cunFber, v. To hinder, re- 
 tard, obstruct. 
 
 • En-cy-clo-pe 7 di-a, n . A com- 
 
 rehensive summary of 
 nowledge. 
 
 ,En«deay 7 or, v. To try, to at- 
 tempt. 
 
 ,En-dow 7 , v . To settle an in- 
 come upon. 
 
 ,En-dure 7 , v. To remain firm 
 under trial or suffering. 
 ,En 7 e-my, n . A foe, an adver- 
 sary. 
 
 ,En 7 er-gy, n. Capacity of act- 
 ing; power efficiently and 
 forcibly exerted. 
 
 ,E-ner 7 yate, v. To render feeble; 
 to deprive of strength or 
 courage. 
 
 En-feoff 7 , v. To invest with a 
 fief or fee. 
 
 , En-f orce 7 , v. To put force upon, 
 to compel. 
 
 ,En-gaged 7 , a . Occupied, em- 
 ployed; pledged, promised. 
 .En-gross 7 , v. To copy in large 
 hand; to absorb. 
 
 .En-hance 7 , v. To increase, 
 augment, advance. 
 
 .En-join 7 , v. To order; to pro- 
 hibit or restrain judicially. 
 .En-lighFen, v . To teach, to 
 make clear to the understand- 
 ing. 
 
 .En-noTde, v. To dignify; to 
 make noble. 
 
 ,E-nor 7 mous, a . Huge, vast, 
 immense. 
 
 .E-nough 7 , a . Satisfying desire, 
 sufficient. 
 
 .En-rolF, v. To record, to en- 
 list. 
 
 .En-sue 7 , v. To follow or come 
 afterwards. 
 
 . En-tail 7 , v. To bestow as a her- 
 itage. 
 
 . En 7 ter-prise, n. Something un- 
 dertaken. 
 
 .En-thu 7 si»asm, n. Inspiration, 
 
 ecstasy. 
 
 .En-tice 7 , v . To tempt, lure, 
 
 coax. 
 
 .En-tire 7 , a . Complete, undi- 
 minished. 
 
 .En-tFtle, v . To give a title to. 
 
 En 7 ti-ty, n. A real being; ea 
 
 sence, existence. 
 
 .En- treat 7 , v. To beseech, beg 
 
 solicit. 
 
 E-mFmer-ate, v. To count, to 
 
 mention one by one. 
 
 E-nun 7 ci-ate, v. To make a 
 
 formal statement of; to pro- 
 nounce. 
 
 En-vFrons, n. Parts or places 
 
 which surround another place. 
 
 En 7 vy, n. Malicious grudg- 
 ing. 
 
 E-phenFer-al, a. Existing or 
 
 continuing for only a short 
 time. 
 
 .E-pis 7 tle, n. A written com* 
 
 munication, a letter. 
 
 Ep 7 i-taph, n. An inscription 
 
 on a tomb. 
 
 E-pit 7 o-me, n. An abridgment, 
 
 a synopsis. 
 
 .E 7 qua-tole, a . Equal and uni- 
 form. 
 
 E-ques 7 tri-an, n. A horseman, 
 
 a rider. 
 
 E-ques 7 tri-enne, n. A horse- 
 woman. 
 
 E-quip 7 , v. To fit out, to f urnisfe 
 
 for service. 
 
 Eq 7 ui-ta-ble, a . Just, fair, 
 
 reasonable. 
 
 Eq 7 ui-ty, n . A system of juris 
 
 prudence. 
 
 E-qurFa-lent, a. Equal; of the 
 
 same import or meaning. 
 
 E-qurFo-cal, a. Capable of 
 
 double interpretation. 
 
 E-radT-cate, v. To root out, to 
 
 destroy, 
 
 E-rect 7 , a . Upright, raised, up 
 
 lifted. 
 
 Err, v . To do wrong; to mis- 
 take in judgment or opinion. 
 
 Er-raFic, a. Having no certain 
 
 course. 
 
 Er-raTum, n. An error in 
 
 printing or writing. 
 
 Er-ro 7 ne-ous, a. Incorrect, 
 
 false, mistaken. 
 
 Es-cape 7 , v. To flee from; to 
 
 evade. 
 
 Es-cheaF, v. To revert or be 
 
 come forfeited to the State. 
 
 Es-cort 7 , v . To attend; to ao 
 
 company. 
 
 ....... .Es^-mo, n. One of a peculiar 
 
 race inhabiting Arctic Amer- 
 ica and Greenland. 
 
 Es-pe 7 cial, a . Particular, un- 
 common. 
 
29 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Es-py', v. To catch sight of, to 
 
 discover. 
 
 .......Es 7 say, n . A composition; a 
 
 trial, an effort. 
 
 Es-say 7 , v. To attempt, to en- 
 deavor. 
 
 Es-seu 7 tial, a. Necessary, in- 
 dispensable. 
 
 Es-tate 7 , n. Property, posses- 
 sions. 
 
 Es-teem 7 , v . To value, to reck- 
 on. 
 
 Es 7 ti-mate, v. To form an opin- 
 ion of the value of. 
 
 Es-top 7 , v. To impede or bar 
 
 by estoppel. 
 
 E-ter'nal, a . Without begin- 
 ning or end, always exist- 
 ing. 
 
 Ethics 9 n. A particular sys- 
 tem of principles concerning 
 duty. 
 
 Et-y-mol 7 o-gy, n. History of 
 
 words. 
 
 .Eu 7 lo-gy, n. A speech or writ- 
 ing commendatory of the life 
 and services of a person. 
 
 E-vade 7 , v. To avoid, to elude, 
 
 to escape from cleverly. 
 
 E-van 7 gel-ist, n. An itinerant 
 
 missionary preacher. 
 
 .E-ven 7 tu-ate, v. To result, to 
 
 come to pass. 
 
 E-vict 7 , v. To dispossess by a 
 
 judicial process. 
 
 ■. Ev 7 i-dence, n. That which 
 
 makes evident or manifest. 
 
 E -voke 7 9 v. To call out, to sum- 
 mon forth. 
 
 E-volve 7 , v . To unfold, to de- 
 velop. 
 
 Ex-act 7 , v. To demand or re- 
 quire authoritatively. 
 
 Ex-ag 7 ger-ate, v. To overstate 
 
 the truth. 
 
 Ex- alt 7 , v. To elevate, to mag- 
 nify. 
 
 Ex-am 7 ine, v. To test, to inves- 
 tigate. 
 
 Ex-am 7 ple, n. A pattern or 
 
 copy. 
 
 Ex-as 7 per-ate, v. To irritate, 
 
 provoke. 
 
 Ex 7 ca-vate, v. To dig out and 
 
 remove. 
 
 Ex-ceed 7 , v. To go beyond; to 
 
 surpass. 
 
 Ex 7 cel-lent, a. Worthy, choice, 
 
 select. 
 
 Ex-cept 7 * v . To exclude, to 
 
 omit. 
 
 Ex-cerpt 7 , n. A passage select- 
 ed or copied from a book or 
 record. 
 
 Ex-change 7 , v. To barter, 
 
 change, swap. 
 
 Ex-cite 7 , v . To rouse to feeling, 
 
 to call to activity. 
 
 Ex-claim 7 , v. To cry out; to 
 
 shout. 
 
 Ex-cul 7 pate, v. To relieve of 
 
 blame. 
 
 Ex-cui^sion, n. An expedition, 
 
 a journey. 
 
 .Ex-cuse 7 , v. To free from ac- 
 cusation. 
 
 Ex 7 e-cute, v. To perform, to 
 
 finish. 
 
 Ex-ec 7 n-tor, n. One who is ap- 
 pointed to execute a will. 
 
 Ex-empt 7 , a. Free, released; 
 
 not liable to. 
 
 Ex 7 er-cise, n. Exertion, appli- 
 cation, occupation. 
 
 Ex-haust 7 , v . To expend 
 
 wholly. 
 
 Ex-hib 7 it, v. To show, to dis- 
 play. 
 
 Ex-hort 7 , v . To advise, warn. 
 
 caution. 
 
 Ex-ist 7 , v. To be; to have life 
 
 or the functions of vitality. 
 
 Ex-or^i-tant, a. Enormous, 
 
 inordinate, excessive. 
 
 Ex-pan 7 sion, n. Distention, en- 
 largement. 
 
 Ex-pa 7 ti-ate, v. To enlarge in 
 
 discourse or writing. 
 
 Ex-pect 7 , v. To look for (men- 
 tally); to look forward to. 
 
 Ex-pe 7 di-ent, a. Desirable, ad- 
 visable, advantageous. 
 
 Ex 7 pe-dite, v. To facilitate, to 
 
 hasten. 
 
 Ex-pend 7 , v. To pay out or dis- 
 burse money. 
 
 .Ex-pe 7 ri-ence, n. Actual en- 
 joyment or suffering. 
 
 Ex-per 7 i-ment ? v. To operate 
 
 by test or trial. 
 
 ........Ex-pert 7 , a. Experienced, 
 
 clever, skillful. 
 
 Ex-pire 7 , v. To come to an end, 
 
 to cease. 
 
 Ex-plain 7 , v. To make plain or 
 
 manifest. 
 
 Ex-plore 7 , v. To examine thor- 
 oughly. 
 
 Ex-port 7 , v . To carry or send 
 
 abroad. 
 
 Ex-pose 7 , v. To set out to pub- 
 lic view. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Ex-pound 7 , v. To lay open the 
 meaning of. 
 
 Ex-press 7 , v. To represent and 
 make known. 
 
 Ex 7 qui-site, a. Nice, delicate, 
 rare. 
 
 ,Ex-tant 7 , a. Still existing; not 
 destroyed or lost. 
 
 Ex-tem-po-ra 7 ne-ous, a. Com- 
 posed, performed, or uttered 
 without previous study. 
 
 Ex- tensive, a . Large, broad, 
 comprehensive. 
 
 Ex-tin 7 guish, v. To quench; to 
 
 stifle. 
 
 Ex-torHon, n. Overcharge, 
 oppression, exaction. 
 
 Exlra, a. Additional, superior. 
 
 Exlract, n. Essence; a cita 
 tion, a quotation. 
 
 Ex- tract 7 , v. To draw out oi 
 forth. 
 
 Ex- tr aor 7 di-na-ry (eks-tror'dh 
 na-ry), a . Out of the common 
 order, unusual, remarkable. 
 
 Ex-trav 7 a-gant, a. Prodigal, 
 wasteful. 
 
 , Ex-treme 7 , n. The utmost point 
 or verge. 
 
 . Ex-ul t 7 , v. To be in high spirits ; 
 to triumph. 
 
 .Eye 7 serv-ice, n. Service per- 
 formed only under inspection, 
 or the eye of an employer. 
 
 .Eye 7 wit-ness, n. One who sees 
 a thing done. 
 
 F 
 
 Faffde, n. Fiction, untruth, 
 falsehood. 
 
 Fab ric, n. The structure of 
 anything. 
 
 Facile, a . Not difficult; ready, 
 quick. 
 
 Fact, n . Act, deed, perform- 
 ance, event, incident. 
 
 •Faclion, n. A combination or 
 clique of partisans. 
 
 .Faclor, n . An agent; an ele- 
 ment. 
 
 ,Fac-to 7 tum, n. One employed 
 to do all kinds of work. 
 
 .Fac 7 ul-ty, n. Ability, capacity; 
 president and tutors of a col- 
 lege. 
 
 .Fah 7 ren-heit, a. Of or pertain- 
 ing to Fahrenheit’s ther- 
 mometer. 
 
 .Fair, a. Free from spots, pure, 
 clean. 
 
 .Fair y, n. An imaginary super- 
 natural being. 
 
 .Faith, n. Belief; word or honor 
 pledged. 
 
 .Faith 7 ful, a. True, constant, 
 sincere, trustworthy. 
 
 .Fake, n . A trick, a swindle, a 
 cheat. 
 
 .Fak 7 er, n. A peddler of petty 
 things; a swindler. 
 
 .Fall, v. To drop, to sink; to 
 become degraded. 
 
 .Fal-la 7 cious, a. Illogical, mis- 
 leading. 
 
 .Fallow, a . Uncultivated, un- 
 tilled. 
 
 .False, a. Untrue, unfaithful, 
 treacherous. 
 
 . .Fal 7 ter, v. To hesitate; to speak 
 brokenly or weakly. 
 
 . . Fa-millar, a. Closely acquaint 
 ed; well versed in. 
 
 . .Famish, v. To suffer extreme 
 hunger or thirst. 
 
 . .Fa 7 mous, a . Celebrated, ro 
 
 nowned. 
 
 . .Fa-nat 7 ic, n. One affected will 
 excessive enthusiasm. 
 
 . .Fan 7 cy, v. To imagine; to like x 
 to be pleased with. 
 
 . .Fan-tas 7 tic, a. Imaginary, un 
 real. 
 
 . .Farce, n. Ridiculous or empt.fr 
 show. 
 
 . .Fare, n. The price of passagtr 
 food. 
 
 . .Farm 7 er ? n. One who farma, 
 an agriculturist. 
 
 . .Far 7 ri-er, n. A shoer of horses; 
 a veterinary surgeon. 
 
 . .Fas 7 ci-nate, v. To enchant, to 
 charm. 
 
 . .Fashion, n. Style, shape, form, 
 pattern. 
 
 . .Fas-tid 7 i-ons, a~ Difficult to 
 
 please. 
 
 . .Falal, a. Destructive, calami- 
 tous, deadly. 
 
 ..Fa-tigue 7 , n. Weariness from 
 exertion. 
 
 . .Fault, n. Defect; a moral fail- 
 ing. 
 
 . .Fa 7 vor, n. Kindness, good wilk 
 friendly disposition. 
 
 . .Fawn, v . To court favor by 
 cringing. 
 
 E^ar, n. Dread, apprehen- 
 sion. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 SI 
 
 Feast, n. A festival, a ban- 
 quet. 
 
 ,£*•••'• .Feat, n. A striking act, deed, 
 exploit. 
 
 « « . . . . . .Feature, n. Cast or structure 
 of anything. 
 
 Fe-cun'di-ty, n . Fruitfulness, 
 
 fertility. 
 
 Fee, n. Property; reward or 
 
 compensation. 
 
 ...... .Feefible, a. Weak, infirm, de- 
 bilitated. 
 
 .Feign, v. To pretend; to repre- 
 sent by a false appearance of. 
 
 Fe-lic'i-tate, v. To make very 
 
 happy; to "congratulate. 
 
 ^ . FePon, n. A criminal, a male- 
 
 factor. 
 
 FeFo-ny, n. An atrocious 
 crime. 
 
 .FenPi-nine, a . Of or pertain- 
 ing to a woman. 
 
 •* Fer-ment', v. To heat; to ex- 
 
 cite internal motion in. 
 
 Ferret, v. To search out by 
 
 patient efforts. 
 
 Fertile, a. Rich, inventive, 
 
 prolific. 
 
 -«•-•••••• Ferment, a . Zealous, full of 
 
 feeling. 
 
 »•...... Fes'ti-val, n. A time of feast- 
 ing or celebration. 
 
 *•• Feud, n. Contention, quarrel, 
 
 dispute, strife. 
 
 FFber, n . Any fine, slender 
 
 thread. 
 
 Fickle, a. Wavering, unset- 
 tled. 
 
 Fiction, n. Not a fact, or re- 
 ality. 
 
 Fi-deFi-ty, n. Faithfulness, 
 
 honesty, integrity. 
 
 Fi-du'ci-a-ry, a. Involving con- 
 fidence or trust. 
 
 • •. Fight, v. To strive or contend 
 
 for victory. 
 
 »♦• Filch, v. To steal or take priv- 
 
 ily ; to pilfer. 
 
 File, v. To arrange in a me- 
 thodical manner for preserva- 
 tion. 
 
 »•••••• .Fi-nance', n . Available money, 
 
 resources. 
 
 ••••••••Fine, n. Money paid as pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 Firm, a. Fixed, steady, reso* 
 
 lute. 
 
 Fissure, n. A narrow open- 
 ing, a cleft. 
 
 *•• . * . . .Fla'grant, a- Glaringly wicked, 
 notorious' 
 
 .Flatter, v. To praise unduly; 
 to raise hopes in. 
 
 .Flaw, n. A defect, fault, spot, 
 speck. 
 
 .Fleet, a . Swift in motion, 
 
 nimble. 
 
 .Fleshly, a. Carnal, worldly; 
 not spiritual or divine. 
 
 .Flesh'y, a. Plump, fat, corpu- 
 lent. 
 
 .Flexible, a . Not stiff or brit- 
 tle; manageable. 
 
 .FlinPsy, a. Weak, limp, slight, 
 vain. 
 
 .Float, v . To rest on the surface 
 of any fluid; to drift along. 
 
 .Flock, n . A company of living 
 creatures. 
 
 .Floral, a. Pertaining to or 
 made of flowers. 
 
 .Flourish, v . To thrive; to 
 boast. 
 
 Fluc'tu-ate, v. To be wavering 
 or unsteady. 
 
 .Flush, a . Fresh, glowing, 
 abounding. 
 
 .Foe, n. An enemy, an oppo- 
 nent. 
 
 .FoFble, n . Fault, imperfec- 
 tion. 
 
 .Fond, a . Affectionate, loving, 
 tender. 
 
 .Fool, n . One destitute of rea- 
 son. 
 
 .For-bear', v. To refrain, to 
 pause, to delay. 
 
 .For-bid 7 , v. To command 
 against or contrary to. 
 
 .Force, n. Strength of body or 
 mind. 
 
 .Forecast, v. To plan before- 
 hand, to project. 
 
 Fore-close^, v . To sell mort- 
 gaged property. 
 
 Fore-go', v. To relinquish, to 
 renounce. 
 
 Foreign, a . Alien, remote, dis- 
 tant. 
 
 Foremost, a. First in time or 
 place. 
 
 Forfeit, v . To lose or lose the 
 right to. 
 
 For'ger-y,^. Fraudulently 
 making or altering a writing 
 or signature. 
 
 For-give / , v. To pardon; to cease 
 to feel resentment against. 
 
 For'mi-da-ble, a. Alarming, 
 dreadful. 
 
 For-sake', v. To quit or leave 
 entirely. 
 
 dU 
 
32 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 ■Foi^ti-tude, n. Courage, brav- 
 ery. 
 
 ,For 7 tu-nate, a. Lucky, favored 
 with good fortune. 
 
 Foul, a. Loathsome, hateful; 
 not fair. 
 
 .Fowl, n. Any bird, especially 
 any large edible bird. 
 
 Fragment, n . A part broken 
 
 off. 
 
 Frail, a . Weak, infirm; easily 
 broken. 
 
 Franchise, n. Privilege con- 
 ferred. 
 
 Frank, a. Candid, artless, plain, 
 sincere. 
 
 Fra 7 ter-nize, v. To hold fel- 
 lowship as brethren. 
 
 ►Fraud, n. Deception, deceit, 
 trick. 
 
 ►Freight, n. Lading, cargo, as 
 of a ship or a railroad car. 
 
 .Friction, n. A rubbing, a 
 clashing. 
 
 ►Frigid, a . Cold; stiff and 
 formal. 
 
 Friv 7 o-lous, a . Of little weight* 
 slight. 
 
 Fro Pic (imp. frol'icked; p. p. 
 frol'ick-ing),v. To play 
 pranks, to indulge in levity. 
 
 Frugal, a . Economical, sav- 
 ing. 
 
 Frustrate, v . To bring to 
 nothing. 
 
 ,Fuch 7 si-a, n . A flowering 
 plant. 
 
 ►Fu 7 mi-gate, v. To purify, or 
 free from infection. 
 
 ►Fun-da-men 7 tal, a . Original, 
 elementary; important. 
 
 ►Fu 7 ner-al, n. Rite attending 
 burial. 
 
 ►Fu-ne 7 re-al, a. Solemn, dark, 
 dismal. 
 
 .Furlough, n. Leave of ab* 
 sence. 
 
 ►Futile, a . Vain, worthless, 
 
 useless. 
 
 Future, n. Time to come, 
 time subsequent to the pres- 
 ent. 
 
 G 
 
 .Gage, n. A pledge; a challenge; . 
 a variety of plum. 
 
 . Gain, v . To get as profit or ad- . 
 vantage. 
 
 .Gain-say 7 , v. To contradict, 
 dispute, forbid. 
 
 .Gale, n. A strong current of 
 air. 
 
 .GaFlant, a . Noble in bearing , 
 or spirit. 
 
 .Gal-lant 7 . a. Polite and atten- , 
 tive to ladies. 
 
 .GaFlows, n. A frame upon . 
 which to hang criminals. 
 
 .GauFble, v. To play for money , 
 or other stake. 
 
 .GanFbol, v . To dance, to skip , 
 about. 
 
 . Garble, v. To mutilate; to per- , 
 vert. 
 
 .Garnish, v. To decorate, to . 
 adorn. 
 
 . Gar-nish-ee 7 , v. To attach funds , 
 or property. 
 
 .Gaud 7 y, a . Showy, gay, taw- 
 dry. 
 
 .Gauge, v . To measure the con- 
 tents of. 
 
 .Gauze, n . Thin, transparent 
 
 stuff. 
 
 . Gay 7 e-ty, n . Merriment, mirth, 
 
 Gaze, v . To look with eager- 
 ness or curiosity. 
 
 Gel 7 a-tin, n. Animal jelly, 
 
 glutinous material obtained 
 from animal tissues by boiling. 
 
 . . . . .Gen-e-al 7 o-gy, n. Enumeration 
 of ancestors and their chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Gen 7 er-al, a . Not special or 
 
 particular. 
 
 Gen 7 er-ate, v. To beget, to 
 
 bring into life. 
 
 Gen 7 ial, «. Sympathetically 
 
 cheerful. 
 
 Gen 7 ius, n. Superior power of 
 
 invention. 
 
 . ....Gen 7 tle, a . Well-born; tender, 
 amiable, mild. 
 
 Gen 7 u-ine, a . N ati ve ; not coun- 
 terfeit. 
 
 Ger-mane 7 , a . Appropriate, fit- 
 ting. 
 
 • 0 ...Ges 7 ture, n. Motion of the 
 body expressive of sentiment 
 or passion. 
 
 Gift, n. Anything given ; an en* 
 
 dowment. 
 
 Gild, v . To adorn, to make at- 
 tractive. 
 
 Girdle, n. A belt, sash, or 
 
 other article of dress encir* 
 cling the body. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 33 
 
 Glacier, n . An immense field 
 
 of ice. 
 
 Glamour, n. A charm, witch- 
 craft. 
 
 ...^. ...Gleam, n. A beam, a ray, a 
 glimpse. 
 
 ........ Glean , v. To pick np or gather 
 
 by degrees. 
 
 Globe, n. A spherical body, 
 
 solid or hollow. 
 
 ....... .Gloom, n. Melancholy, cloudi- 
 ness. 
 
 Glo'ry, n. Praise, honor, bril- 
 liancy, splendor. 
 
 ........Glow, n. White or red heat; 
 
 brightness or warmth of color. 
 
 Glutlon, n. One who eats to 
 
 excess* 
 
 .Glyc'er-in, n. An oily liquid, 
 
 colorless and odorless. 
 
 Gnat, n . A blood-sucking 
 
 fly. 
 
 Gnaw, v . To bite off little by 
 
 little. 
 
 Goal, n. Final purpose or aim; 
 
 a bound used in various games. 
 
 Gore, v . To pierce or wound; 
 
 to stab. 
 
 .Go-rilla, n . A large ape some- 
 what resembling a man. 
 
 Gorlnand, n. A luxurious 
 
 feeder, a glutton. 
 
 Gossip, v . To tattle; to tell 
 
 idle tales. 
 
 Grace, n . Kindness, mercy, 
 
 favor. 
 
 Grade, n. A step or degree; 
 
 relative position or standing. 
 
 Gradli-ate, v. To take a de- 
 gree in college. 
 
 Granite, n . A crystalline, 
 
 granular rock. 
 
 Grant, v. To make convey- 
 ance; to yield. 
 
 ........ Graphic, a. Clearly and vivid- 
 ly described. 
 
 Gratl-fy, v . To give pleasure 
 
 to. 
 
 "• H 
 
 Ha-bill-ment, n. An article of 
 
 clothing. 
 
 Habit, n. Practice, mode, 
 
 manner, custom. 
 
 ......cHab-i-ta / tion, n. Placeof 
 
 abode. 
 
 Ha / des, n. The invisible world; 
 
 the grave. 
 
 ...... ..Hagrgard, a. Hollow-eyed, 
 
 ^ wild and wasted or anxious in 
 
 appearance. 
 
 , . . . .Grave, n. A place of burial, a 
 tomo. 
 
 , . . . .Grave, a. Of importance, seri- 
 ous. 
 
 , . . . .Gravl-tate, v. To tend in any 
 direction. 
 
 ....Grease, n . Animal fat, oily 
 matter. 
 
 .....Greet, v. To salute, to wel- 
 come. 
 
 Grief, n. Mental suffering, 
 
 sorrow, sadness. 
 
 , . . . . Grit, n. Firmness of mind, un- 
 yielding courage. 
 
 , . . . .Gross, a. Whole, entire, total; 
 serious, shameful. 
 
 .Group, n. A cluster, crowd, or 
 
 throng. 
 
 Gruff, a. Severe, harsh, sour, 
 
 surly. 
 
 .....Guar-an-tee', v. To warrant, 
 to assure. 
 
 . . . . . Guardi- an, n. One who mana- 
 ges the affairs of an incapable 
 person. 
 
 Guess, v . To form an opinion 
 
 concerning, without knowl- 
 edge or means of knowledge; 
 to solve. 
 
 .....Guest, n . A visitor; a lodger 
 or boarder. 
 
 . . . . .Guide, n. A director, a regu- 
 lator. 
 
 .....Guile, n. Craft, deceit, 
 treachery. 
 
 Guilt, n. Offense against right, 
 
 crime. 
 
 ....Guinea, n. A gold coin; a 
 fowl. 
 
 .... Gutlur-al, a. Pertaining to the 
 throat. 
 
 ... .Gym-na'si-um, n. A school or 
 place for athletics. 
 
 ... .Gyp / sy, n. One of a vagabond 
 race. 
 
 Gy-ralion, n. Rotation, reva 
 
 lution. 
 
 Gyve, n . A shackle, a fetter. 
 
 V/ 
 
 . ITlHag^le, v. To stick at small 
 matters. 
 
 ....Hail, v . To salute, accost, ad- 
 dress. 
 
 HaFcy-on, a . Peaceful, quiet, 
 
 happy. 
 
 Hal-le-lulah, n. and inter /. 
 
 Praise ye Jehovah. 
 
 Hal-loo', v. To call to a person; 
 
 to cry out. 
 
 Halo, n. A circle of light. 
 
 8 
 
34 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 , . . ... . . .Halt, v . To come to a stop, to 
 stand still. 
 
 , Handi-cap, v. To encumber; 
 
 to place at disadvantage. 
 
 Handicraft, n. Manual occu- 
 pation. 
 
 Hand some, a . Agreeable to 
 
 the eye. 
 
 Hang (imp. hung\ v . To sus- 
 pend, to fasten; (imp. hanged) 
 to put to death by suspending 
 by the neck. 
 
 Hap'py, «. Fortunate, joyous, 
 
 contented. 
 
 Ha-rangne / , n. A loud address 
 
 to a multitude. 
 
 Harass, v. To fret, tire, tease, 
 
 distress. 
 
 Harbor, v. To shelter; to in- 
 dulge or cherish. 
 
 Har'dy, a . Bold, brave, confi- 
 dent. 
 
 . t Hare, n. An animal commonly 
 
 called “rabbit” in America. 
 
 ....... .Har'mo-ny, n. Concord or 
 
 agreement in interests, opin- 
 ions, etc. 
 
 Harrow, n. An agricultural 
 
 implement. 
 
 Harsh, a. Unpleasant, repul- 
 sive. 
 
 ....... .HarVest, v. To reap or gather 
 
 a crop. 
 
 Hatch, v. To produce young 
 
 from eggs. 
 
 Hate, v. To have a great aver- 
 sion to. 
 
 Haugh'ty, a . Contemptuously 
 
 proud, arrogant. 
 
 . Haunt, v. To frequent; to visit 
 
 as a ghost. 
 
 ....... .Ha'ven, n. A place of safety, a 
 
 shelter. 
 
 Hav'oc , n . General destruction, 
 
 waste. 
 
 ..Hazard, v . To venture, risk, 
 
 endanger. 
 
 . . Haze, n. Vapor, obscurity, 
 
 dimness. 
 
 Headstrong, a. Obstinate, 
 
 stubborn. 
 
 ... * ... .Healthful, a. Promotive of 
 health. 
 
 . . Healths, a . Free from disease, 
 
 sound. 
 
 . Hearse, n . A carriage for con- 
 
 veying the dead to the grave. 
 
 Hearth (harth), n. The floor of 
 
 a fireplace. 
 
 Hea / then, a. Unenlightened, 
 
 irreligious. 
 
 Heave, v. To lift; to force from 
 
 the breast. 
 
 Heaven, w. The firmament; 
 
 the abode of the Deity. 
 
 Hedge, v. To surround for de- 
 fense; to shelter one’s self 
 from danger, etc. 
 
 Heed, v. To mind, to consid- 
 er. 
 
 Heir, n. One who inherits 
 
 property after the death of its 
 owner. 
 
 Hell, n . Place or state of pun- 
 ishment for the wicked after 
 death. 
 
 Helpmate, n. A helper, a com- 
 panion, a wife. 
 
 Hem'or-rhage, n. A discharge 
 
 of blood. 
 
 ...Hence, adv. From this time; 
 
 from this reason. 
 
 Her-cu'le-an, a. Great, diffi- 
 cult, dangerous. 
 
 Her-e-diUa-ment,^. Any lands, 
 
 tenements, property, that may 
 descend to an heir. 
 
 He-red'i-ta-ry, a . Descended, 
 
 transmitted. 
 
 ....... .Her'e-sy, n. An opinion con- 
 trary to established doc- 
 trine. 
 
 . . .Her'it-age. n . That which is 
 
 inherited. 
 
 Hermit, n. A recluse, one who 
 
 lives in solitude. 
 
 He-ro'ic, a. Bold, daring, 
 
 brave. 
 
 ........ Hes'i-tate, v. To pause, to 
 
 stammer, 
 
 Het'er-o-dox, a. Not orthodox; 
 
 heretical. 
 
 . .Het-er-o-ge'ne-ous, a . Differ- 
 ing in kind. 
 
 ........ Hi-a'tus, n. An opening, a gap, 
 
 a chasm. 
 
 . . . Hid'e-ous, a. Frightful, shock- 
 
 ing. 
 
 ........Hie, v . To hasten, to go in 
 
 haste. 
 
 ...... ..High'born, a. Of noble 
 
 birth. 
 
 . ... Hi-la'ri-ous, a. Mirthful, noisy, 
 
 merry. 
 
 HinL v. To make an indirect 
 reference. 
 
 Hire, v . To engage the service 
 
 of. 
 
 ....... .Hir-sute', a. Rough with hair, 
 
 shaggy. 
 
 . . . . ... . .His'te-rjr, n. A narrative, a de 
 scription. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 35 
 
 His-tri-on'ic, «. Relative to the 
 
 stage or a stageplayer, theat- 
 rical. 
 
 .Hoar'y, a . White or gray with 
 
 age. 
 
 .. Hoax, n. A deception, a prac- 
 
 tical joke. 
 
 Hob'by, to* A ruling passion; a 
 
 favorite and ever-recurring 
 theme of discourse, thought, 
 or effort 
 
 Hoe, n. A tool for digging up 
 
 weeds and for loosening earth 
 about plants. 
 
 Hogs head, n. A large cask or 
 
 barrel. 
 
 HoPi-day, n . A day of exemp- 
 tion from labor. 
 
 Hollow, a. Empty; not sincere 
 
 or faithful. 
 
 Ho'ly, «. Hallowed, sacred; 
 
 pure in heart 
 
 Hom / age, n * Respect, defer- 
 ence. 
 
 Homely, a . Plain, unpretend- 
 
 ing. 
 
 Homestead, n . The home 
 
 place. 
 
 HonPi-cide, n. Killing of one 
 
 human being by another. 
 
 .Hom'i-Iy, n . A tedious exhor- 
 tation. 
 
 Ho-mo-ge'ne-ous, a. Of t h e 
 
 same kind or nature. 
 
 Hon'es-ty, n . Truthfulness, in- 
 tegrity, freedom from fraud 
 or guile. 
 
 Hon'or, n. Esteem, reverence, 
 
 nobleness, uprightness. 
 
 Hope, n . Pleasing expectancy, 
 
 confidence. 
 
 Ho-rPzon, ». The apparent 
 
 junction of earth and sky. 
 
 ........ Hor-i-zon'tal, a* Parallel to the 
 
 horizon, on a level. 
 
 HorM-ble, a. Dreadful, terri- 
 ble. 
 
 Hose, n . Stockings; a flexible 
 
 pipe. 
 
 Hos 7 pi-tal, to* A refuge for dis- 
 eased persons. ^ 
 
 Hos-pi-taPi-ty, n . Entertain- 
 ment of strangers or guests 
 without reward. 
 
 Host, n* An entertainer; an 
 
 army. 
 
 Hos'tage, n. A person given 
 
 as pledge or security. 
 
 * .Hos'tile, a* Unfriendly, antag- 
 onistic. 
 
 .Ho-teP, n . An inn or public 
 house. 
 
 .Hound, n. A variety of the do- 
 mestic dog. 
 
 .Hov'el, n. A poor cottage, a 
 hut. 
 
 .Hov'er, v. To float about or 
 over a place. 
 
 .How-ev / er, adv. At all events, 
 in any case. 
 
 .Huckster, n . A peddler, a 
 hawker. 
 
 .Hue, n. Color, tint, dye; a 
 shouting. 
 
 .Hu'man, a. Belonging to man, 
 or mankind. 
 
 .Hu-mane', a. Benevolent, 
 kind. 
 
 .HunPble, a . Lowly, modest, 
 unassuming. 
 
 .Humbug, n. An imposition, 
 an impostor. 
 
 .Hu'mld, a* Damp, moist, wa- 
 tery. 
 
 .Hu-miPi-ty, n . Freedom from 
 pride. 
 
 .H^mor-ous, a. Witty, pleas- 
 ant. 
 
 .Hun'ger, w. A craving for 
 food. 
 
 .Hunt, v. To search for; to go 
 in search of game. 
 
 .Hur-rah 7 , n. A cheer, a shout 
 of joy. 
 
 .Hur'ry, v . To hasten; to urge 
 on. 
 
 .Hus'band-ry, n . Care of do- 
 mestic affairs. 
 
 .Hus'kyjtf. Harsh, hoarse, rough 
 in tone. 
 
 .Hy-drau'lic, a. Conveying, or 
 acting by, water. 
 
 . Hy'gi-ene, n* A system of prin- 
 ciples for the promotion of 
 health. 
 
 .Hy-me-ne'al, a. Pertaining to 
 marriage. 
 
 . Hy-per-boPic, a . Exceeding the 
 truth. 
 
 . Hy-per-criPic-al, a. Overcrit- 
 ical, captious. 
 
 .Hyp'no-tism, n. A form of 
 sleep produced artificially. 
 
 .Hy-pocifl-sy, n. Pretending to 
 be what one is not, conceal- 
 ment of one’s real character. 
 
 .Hy-patlPe-cate, v. To subject 
 to liability for debt. 
 
 .Hy-potlPenHs, n* A supposi- 
 tion. 
 
36 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Ice, n. Frozen water; any fluid 
 
 frozen. 
 
 I-con'o-cIast, n. One who at- 
 tacks cherished beliefs. 
 
 X-de'a, n. A notion, belief, 
 
 opinion. 
 
 - I-de'al, n. A model of excel- 
 
 lence, beauty, etc. 
 
 X-den'tic-al, a. The same; not 
 
 different. 
 
 X-den'ti-fy, v . To prove to be 
 
 the same. 
 
 ..Id'i-om, n. An expression 
 
 sanctioned by usage. 
 
 Id'i-ot, n. A person naturally 
 
 without understanding. 
 
 Fdle, a. Unoccupied; useless, 
 
 trifling. 
 
 .Fdol, n. An image of a divini- 
 ty; a thing greatly loved. 
 
 - Ig-no'ble, a . Common, hum- 
 
 ble. 
 
 Ig'no-rant, a. Untaught, unin- 
 formed. 
 
 Ig-nore', v. To disregard; to 
 
 refuse to take notice of. 
 
 ... HI, a. Bad, evil; sick, indis- 
 
 posed. 
 
 * Il-leg'i-ble, a . Incapable of 
 
 being read. 
 
 H-le-giFi-mate, «. Bastard; 
 
 not authorized by good usage. 
 
 H-lic'it, a. Unlawful, prohib- 
 ited. 
 
 Il-hUmi-nate, v. To brighten; 
 
 to supply with light. 
 
 - H-lus'trate, v. To make clear 
 
 by means of comparison or 
 example. 
 
 * ..... . .H-lus'tri-ous, a. Distinguished, 
 
 eminent. 
 
 ** Im-ag^ne, v. To fancy, con- 
 
 ceive, believe. 
 
 .. Xm-be-ciFi-tv, n. Weakness of 
 
 mind. 
 
 Im-bibe', v. To drink in, to 
 
 absorb. 
 
 Im'i-tate, v. To follow as a 
 
 pattern or model. 
 
 Xm-me'di-ate, a. Close, pres- 
 ent, instant. 
 
 Im-mense', a. Vast, huge, 
 
 great. 
 
 Im-merse', v . To plunge into; 
 
 to sink. 
 
 Im'mi-nent, a. Near at hand; 
 
 threatening, perilous. 
 
 Im-moral, a . Dishonest, vi- 
 cious. 
 
 Im-mor'tal, a. Having eternal 
 
 existence. 
 
 Im-mune / , a. Exempt; free 
 from obligation, penalty, etc. 
 
 Im-mu / ta-ble, a. Unchangea- 
 ble. 
 
 Im-pair 7 , v. To injure, to 
 weaken. 
 
 Im-parU, v . To make known, 
 to tell. 
 
 Xm-pa'tient* a. Restless, fret- 
 
 .Im-peach', v . To accuse, ar- 
 raign, censure. 
 
 .Im-pede / , v. To hinder, retard, 
 obstruct. 
 
 . Im-peF, v. To urge forward ; to 
 
 actuate. 
 
 .Im-pe'ri-al, a. Pertaining to 
 an empire. 
 
 .Im-pe'ri-ous, a. Haughty* 
 
 overbearing. 
 
 .Im-per / son-ate, v . To repre* 
 sent the person or character of* 
 
 .Im-peFti-nence, n . Rudeness> 
 incivility. 
 
 .Im-peFvi-ous, a . Impassable, 
 impenetrable. 
 
 .Im-peFu-ous, a. Furious, vio- 
 lent, passionate. 
 
 .Im-pla'ca-ble, a . Irreconcila- 
 ble, unyielding. 
 
 .Im-plore / , v. To beseech, en- 
 treat, beg. 
 
 .Im-ply', V. To denote, signify, 
 mean. 
 
 .Im-poFi-tic, a. Wanting in 
 policy; unwise, indiscreet. 
 
 .Im-por / tant, a. Weighty, sig- 
 nificant. 
 
 .Im-pose', v. To lay as a bur- 
 den; to levy. 
 
 .Xm'po-tent, a. Weak, feeble.; 
 deficient in capacity. 
 
 .Im-pouiuF, v. To hold in cus- 
 tody of a court. 
 
 .Im-pov'er-ish, v. To make 
 poor. 
 
 .Xm-prac'ti-ca-ble, a . Incapable 
 of being used or availed of. 
 
 .Im-pre-ca'tion, n. A curse; the 
 act of invoking evil upon any 
 one. 
 
 .Xm-press', v. To fix deeply in 
 the mind; to produce by pres- 
 sure. 
 
 . .Xm-prove', v. To make better; 
 to advance in what is desir- 
 able. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 3T 
 
 Im-pro-vise', v. To invent or 
 
 provide, offhand. 
 
 . . . # , f t .Im'pu- deuce, n. Audacity, 
 insolence. 
 
 ...... fc .Im-pugn', v. To contradict, to 
 
 gainsay. 
 
 Impulse, n . Force, motive, 
 
 feeling. 
 
 Im-pute', v . To charge to, to 
 
 ascribe. 
 
 In-ad-vert'ence, n. An over- 
 sight or mistake from negli- 
 gence. 
 
 .In-an'i-mate^ a. Destitute of 
 
 life or spirit. 
 
 In-au'gu-rate, v. To cause to 
 
 begin. 
 
 ...In-ca'jpa-ble, a . Wanting in 
 
 ability. 
 
 ,In-car'cer-ate, v. To imprison, 
 
 to confine. 
 
 .In-carinate, a . Invested with 
 
 flesh. 
 
 # In«cen'di-a-ij, a. Inflamma- 
 tory, seditious. 
 
 In-cense', v . To fire, to pro- 
 voke. 
 
 Intense, n. Perfume from 
 
 spices and gums when burned. 
 
 ♦ . .In-cep'tion, n. Beginning, 
 
 commencement. 
 
 .In'ci-dent, n . Event, casualty, 
 
 occurrence. 
 
 In-ci-den'tal, a . Accidental, 
 
 casual. 
 
 In-ci-vil'i-ty, n . Impoliteness, 
 
 discourtesy. 
 
 In-cli-na'tion, n. Bent, tend- 
 ency. 
 
 In-clude', v. To inclose; to 
 
 contain. 
 
 . .Income, n. Gain, profit; re- 
 ceipts; salary. 
 
 In-con'gru-ous, a. Inharmoni- 
 ous, unsuitable. 
 
 In-con-sist'en-cy, n. Discord- 
 ance, contrariety. 
 
 In-coh'stant, a. Fickle, un- 
 steady, changeable. 
 
 In-cor'po-rate, v. To form into 
 
 a body; to combine. 
 
 In-cor'ri-gi-ble, a . Bad be- 
 yond correction. 
 
 In-crease', v. To become 
 
 greater, to grow. 
 
 In-cred'a-lous, a. Skeptical, 
 
 unbelieving. 
 
 ....... .In'cu-bus, n. A burden, an in- 
 cumbrance. 
 
 ....... .In-cul'cate, v. To instill, in- 
 fuse, impress. 
 
 In-cur', v. To bring down upon 
 
 one’s self. 
 
 In-de-f at'i-ga-ble, a. Untiring, 
 
 unwearying. 
 
 In-de-f ea'si-ble, a. Not to be 
 
 defeated. 
 
 In-def'i-nite, a. Not limited, 
 
 defined, or specified. 
 
 In-del'i-ble, a. Incapable of 
 
 being canceled or effaced. 
 
 In-dem'ni-fy, v. To secure 
 
 against loss or damage. 
 
 In-de-pend'ent, a. Free, un- 
 controlled. 
 
 In'di-cate, v. To point out, 
 
 show, make known. 
 
 In-dict', v. To charge with a 
 
 crime. 
 
 .... In'di-gent, a. Poor, in want, 
 
 needy. 
 
 In-dig'nant, a. Wrathful, irate, 
 
 passionate. 
 
 In-dis-crim'i-nate, a. Con- 
 fused, promiscuous. 
 
 In-dis-pen'sa-ble, a. Impossi- 
 ble to be omitted. 
 
 In-dite', v. To compose, to 
 
 write. 
 
 In-di-vid'u-al, n . A single per- 
 son, animal, or thing. 
 
 In'do-lence, n. Idleness, lazi- 
 ness. 
 
 In-duce'. v. To influence, to 
 
 prevail on. 
 
 In-duct', v . To bring in; to in- 
 troduce. 
 
 In-due', v. To clothe, to fur- 
 nish. 
 
 In-dulge', v. To grant, to 
 
 humor. 
 
 In'du-rate, v. To make hard; 
 
 to deprive of sensibility. 
 
 In-dus'tri-al, a. Pertaining to 
 
 industry. 
 
 In-e'bri-ate, n. An habitual 
 
 drinker of strong drink. 
 
 In-ef'fa-ble, a. Unspeakable, 
 
 unutterable. 
 
 ....... .In-ert', a . Inactive, dull, pas- 
 sive. 
 
 In-ev'i-ta-ble, a. Unavoidable, 
 
 certain. 
 
 .In-ex'o-ra-ble, a. Unyielding, 
 
 inflexible. 
 
 .In'fa-mous, a. Of bad report, 
 
 base, vile. 
 
 In-fat'u-ate, v. To make fool- 
 ish. 
 
 In-fer', v. To conclude or sur- 
 mise, to derive by deduction. . 
 
 In-fe'ri-or, a. Poor, ordinary. 
 
38 
 
 draughon’s practical, speller. 
 
 . .. In 7 fl-del, a . Not holding the 
 
 faith. 
 
 In 7 fl-nite, a. Boundless, im- 
 measurable. 
 
 In-fiam 7 ma-to«ry, a. Tending 
 
 to inflame. 
 
 In-fiex 7 i-ble, a . Unbending, 
 
 unyielding. 
 
 .. In 7 flu-ence, n. Control, per- 
 
 suasion, sway. 
 
 In-form 7 , v. To enlighten; to 
 
 tell. 
 
 Ill-fringe 7 , v. To break; to vio- 
 late; to trespass. 
 
 In-gen 7 ious, a. Skillful, keen, 
 
 witty. 
 
 . In-gen 7 u-ous, a. Frank, open; 
 
 noble, honorable. 
 
 In-gra 7 ti-ate, v. To bring into 
 
 favor. 
 
 In-hab 7 it, v . To live or dwell 
 
 in. 
 
 .In-her 7 it, v. To take by inher- 
 itance. 
 
 In-im 7 ic-al, a. Antagonistic, 
 
 inconsistent. 
 
 In-im 7 i-ta-ble, a . Not capable 
 
 of being imitated. 
 
 In-iti 7 iii-ty, n. Wickedness, sin, 
 
 crime. 
 
 In-i 7 ti-a-tive, a . Introductory, 
 
 preliminary. 
 
 In-ju 7 ri-ous, a. Harmful, det- 
 rimental. 
 
 ....... .In 7 no-cent, a. Free from guilt; 
 
 pure, upright. 
 
 In-no-va 7 ti<m, n . Something 
 
 contrary to established cus- 
 toms. 
 
 In-or'di-nate, a. Irregular, ex- 
 cessive. 
 
 In-quire 7 , v. To seek to learn; 
 
 to ask about. 
 
 In-sane 7 , a. Deranged in mind; 
 
 impractical. 
 
 , , .In-sa 7 tia-ble, a. Incapable of 
 
 being satisfied. 
 
 In-sep 7 a-ra-ble, a. Incapable of 
 
 being separated or disjoined. 
 
 In-sert 7 , v. To put or thrust 
 
 in. 
 
 In-sid 7 i-ons, a. Crafty, treach- 
 erous. 
 
 In-sin 7 u-ate, v. To hint, sug- 
 gest, intimate. 
 
 In-sist 7 , v. To persist in de- 
 manding. 
 
 .In-sol 7 vent, a. Unable to pay 
 
 one’s debts. 
 
 ........ In-spire 7 , v . To infuse into the 
 
 mind. 
 
 . ... In-stall 7 , v. To place in an 
 
 office, rank, or order; to in- 
 duct. 
 
 In- stead 7 , adv. In the place or 
 
 room of. 
 
 In 7 stinet, n. Natural impulse; 
 
 a natural aptitude. 
 
 In 7 sti-tnte, v. To set up, to es- 
 tablish. 
 
 In'stru-ment, n. An imple- 
 ment; a writing. 
 
 In-su 7 per-a-ble, a . Insur- 
 mountable. 
 
 In-snre 7 , v . To make sure or 
 
 secure. 
 
 In-teg 7 ri-ty, n. Moral sound- 
 ness. 
 
 In 7 tel-lect, n. The thinking 
 
 faculty. 
 
 In-tel 7 li-gent, a. Sensible, pos- 
 sessed of intelligence. 
 
 In-tem 7 per-ance, n. Excess of 
 
 any kind. 
 
 In-ten 7 tion, n. Aim, end, pur- 
 pose. 
 
 In-ter-cede 7 , v. To plead in be- 
 half of another. 
 
 ....... .In-ter-cept 7 , v. To take before 
 
 arrival at destination. 
 
 In 7 ter-conrse, n. Communica- 
 tion, fellowship. 
 
 ....... .In 7 ter-est, n. Concern, advan- 
 tage, premium. 
 
 In-ter-fere 7 , v. To intermed- 
 dle; to clash. 
 
 In-ter-na 7 tion-al, a. Between 
 
 or among nations. 
 
 .In-tei^pret, v . To tell the 
 
 meaning of. 
 
 In-tei^ro-gate, v. To ques- 
 tion. 
 
 ........ In-ter-yene 7 , v. To come be- 
 tween. 
 
 In 7 ti-mate, a. Familiar, friend- 
 ly, confidential. 
 
 In 7 ti-mate, v. To suggest in- 
 directly, to hint 
 
 In-tim 7 i-date, v. To make 
 
 timid or fearful. 
 
 In-tol 7 er-a-ble, a. Unbearable, 
 
 insufferable. 
 
 In-trep 7 id, a . Fearless, bold, 
 
 brave. 
 
 Intri-eate, a. Complicated, en- 
 tangled. 
 
 In- trade 7 , v. To thrust one’s 
 
 self in. 
 
 In-tmst 7 , v. To commit to 
 
 another’s keeping. 
 
 .In-ure 7 , v. To serve to the use 
 
 or benefit of. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 39 
 
 .In-vaFid, a. Having no force; 
 void, null. 
 
 .In'va-lidj n. One who is weak 
 and infirm. 
 
 .In-vent 7 , v. To discover, to 
 contrive. 
 
 .In'ven-to-ry, n. A schedule of 
 goods, chattels, property. 
 
 Xn-vin'ci-ble, a. Unconquer- 
 able. 
 
 In-vFo-la-ble, a. Not suscep- 
 tible of hurt. 
 
 In-vis'i-ble, a. Incapable of 
 being seen. 
 
 In-vite 7 , v. To bid, ask, sum- 
 mon. 
 
 Irksome, a. Wearisome, tedi- 
 ous. 
 
 Fron-y, n. Humor, ridicule, 
 sarcasm. 
 
 Ir-res'o-lute, a. Wavering, un- 
 determined. 
 
 Xr'ri-tate, v. To provoke, to 
 tease. 
 
 Fso-late, v. To separate from 
 others. 
 
 Is'sue, v. To go out; to send 
 out; to put into circulation. 
 
 I-tin'er-ant, n. One who 
 travels from place to place. 
 
 I'yy* n . An evergreen plant 
 having dark, shining leaves. 
 
 J 
 
 Jade, v. To exhaust by over- 
 driving. 
 
 Jail'er, n. Keeper of a jail, or 
 prison. 
 
 Jan 7 i-tor, n. A porter; one 
 who has the care of a build- 
 ing. 
 
 JaFgon, n. Confused, unintel- 
 ligible language. 
 
 Jaunt, n. A short journey, a 
 ramble. 
 
 JeaFous, a. Distrustful, sus- 
 picious; anxious. 
 
 Jeer, v. To scoff, to sneer, to 
 mook. 
 
 .Jeop'ard-ize, v . To expose to 
 loss or injury. 
 
 Jest, n. A joke, a sportive re- 
 mark or phrase. 
 
 .JiFfy, n. A moment, an in- 
 stant. 
 
 . Joty n. A thrust; a situation; a 
 piece of work. 
 
 Join, v . To connect with, to 
 unite with. 
 
 .Joinder, n. A joining of par- 
 ties as plaintiffs or defendants 
 in a suit. 
 
 .Joint, a . United, combined; 
 held in common. 
 
 .JoFly, a. Jovial, mirthful; 
 agreeable. 
 
 Journal, n . A book of ac- 
 counts, day’s transactions. 
 
 JouFney, n. Trip, expedition, 
 tour. 
 
 Ju 7 bi-lant, a. Triumphant, ex- 
 ulting. 
 
 Judge, n. An officer invested 
 with authority to hear and de- 
 termine litigated causes. 
 
 Ju-dFcia-ry ? a. Pertaining to 
 courts of justice. 
 
 Ju-dFcious, a. Discreet, pru- 
 dent. 
 
 Jm-ris-dic'tioii, n. Power to 
 make, declare, or apply a law; 
 sphere of authority. 
 
 -Jurist, n. One versed in the 
 law. 
 
 . Jn'ry. n . A body of men impan- 
 eled to inquire into a matter. 
 
 . Just, a. Upright, honest, true; 
 impartial. 
 
 .Justice, n. Strict performance 
 of moral obligations. 
 
 . Jms-ti-fl a-ble, a. Warrantable, 
 excusable. 
 
 . Jis'ti-fy, v. To prove or show 
 to be just. 
 
 . Jn've-nile, a . Young, youthful, 
 childish. 
 
 . Jnx-ta-po-sFtion, n. A placing 
 side by side. 
 
 K 
 
 Keen, a. Sharp; acute of mind; 
 eager. 
 
 Keep, v . To hold, retain, sus- 
 tain, support. 
 
 .Ken, n. view, reach of sight or 
 knowledge. 
 
 Kei^onsene, n . An illuminating 
 oil. 
 
 Ket'tle, n. A vessel for boiling 
 water. 
 
 Kick, v. To strike with the 
 foot. 
 
40 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Kid'nap (imp, kid'naped), v. 
 To take by force, against one's 
 will. 
 
 Kill, v . To deprive of life; to 
 destroy. 
 
 Kiln (kil), ft. A furnace of 
 brick or stone; a furnace for 
 burning bricks. 
 
 Ki-mo'no, ft. A loose robe or 
 gown. 
 
 Kind, a. Gentle, benevolent, 
 sympathetic. 
 
 .Kind, ft. Race, species, class, 
 variety, description. 
 
 .Kin'der-gar-ten, n. A school 
 for young children. 
 
 .Kindred, a . Related; con- 
 genial. 
 
 .Kingdom, ft. Territory sub- 
 ject to a king. 
 
 .Kinsfolk, ft. Relatives, kin- 
 dred. 
 
 L 
 
 .La'bel, ft . A slip of paper in- 
 dicating ownership, destina- 
 tion, etc. 
 
 .La'bor, ft. Work, toil, effort, 
 industry. 
 
 . Lac'ei -ate, v . To tear, to rend; 
 to afflict. 
 
 .Lack, ft. Deficiency, want, des- 
 titution. 
 
 .La-con'ic, a . Short, brief, con- 
 cise. 
 
 .Lade, v. To load; to put a bur- 
 den on. 
 
 .La'i-ty, ft. The people distin- 
 guished from the clergy. 
 
 .La-ment / , v. To weep or wail, 
 to mourn. 
 
 .Landscape, ft. The pictorial 
 aspect of a country. 
 
 .Language, ft. Speech, tongue, 
 dialect. 
 
 .Languid, a . Feeble, weak, 
 heartless. 
 
 .Lapse, ft. An error, a slip; a 
 fault. 
 
 .Lar'gess (larges), ft. A pres- 
 ent, a gift, a bounty be- 
 stowed. 
 
 , .Las-civ'i-ous, a. Lewd, lust- 
 ful. 
 
 . .Lament, a. Hidden, concealed, 
 secret. 
 
 . .Lath, ft. A narrow, thin strip 
 of wood. 
 
 . .Lathe, ft. A machine for turn- 
 
 Kiss, v. To greet with the lips 
 
 in token of affection, etc. 
 
 Klep-to-ma'ni-ac, ft. A person 
 
 with a propensity to steal. 
 
 ....... .Knave, ft. A rogue, a villain, a 
 
 cheat. 
 
 Knead, v. To work and press 
 
 into a mass, as dough. 
 
 ........Knell, ft. A death signal; the 
 
 toll of a bell at a funeral. 
 
 Knit, v . To form by interla- 
 cing thread or yarn. 
 
 Knock, v. To strike with some- 
 thing hard or heavy. 
 
 Knoll, ft. A little round hill; 
 
 the top of a hill. 
 
 Knot, ft. A lump or loop 
 
 formed in a thread, rope, etc. 
 
 Know, v . To understand; to be 
 
 acquainted with. 
 
 Knuckle, ft. The joint of a 
 
 finger. 
 
 Latitude, n. Breadth, loose- 
 ness, laxity. 
 
 Land / a-hle, a. Praiseworthy, 
 commendable. 
 
 Laughter, ft. A movement of 
 the muscles of the face indi- 
 cating merriment. 
 
 .Launch, v. To send out; to 
 start on a career. 
 
 .Launder, v. To wash, as 
 clothes. 
 
 .Lav'a-to-ry, ft. A place for 
 washing. 
 
 .Lavish, a . Bestowing pro- 
 fusely. 
 
 .Lawsuit, ft. An action at 
 law. 
 
 .Lawyer, n. One versed in the 
 laws. 
 
 .Lay (imp. laid), v. To produce 
 and deposit eggs. 
 
 .Lay, v. To deposit; to place in 
 position. 
 
 .Lead (imp. led), v. To conduct 
 or guide. 
 
 .Leaf, ft. A part of the foliage 
 of a plant. 
 
 . League , ft. An alliance or com- 
 bination of persons. 
 
 .Lean, a . Slender, spare, thin, 
 lank. 
 
 .Learn, v. To gain knowledge 
 or information. 
 
 .Lease, v. To let; to hold under 
 a lease. 
 
 .Least, a. Smallest. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 41 
 
 Leave, v. To depart; to aban- 
 don. 
 
 Leaven, n. A substance that 
 
 produces fermentation. 
 
 Lecture, n. A discourse on 
 
 any subject. 
 
 Ledger, n . Final book of rec- 
 ord in business transactions. 
 
 * Leech, n. Abloodsucking 
 
 worm. 
 
 Le'gal, a. Lawful, legitimate, 
 
 authorized. 
 
 Legend (lej'end), n. A myth, 
 
 a fable. 
 
 Legible, a . Capable of being 
 
 read. 
 
 Leg-is-la'ture, n. The lawmak- 
 ing body of a State or kingdom. 
 
 Le-git/i-mate, a. Lawfully be- 
 gotten; authorized, genuine. 
 
 Lei sure, n. Time free from 
 
 employment. 
 
 Lessen, v. To reduce, dimin- 
 ish, decrease. 
 
 Les / son, n. Something assigned 
 
 to be studied. 
 
 Let, v . To permit, to allow; to 
 
 lease. 
 
 Letter, n. A mark or charac- 
 ter; a written or printed com- 
 munication. 
 
 Lev'ee, n. A morning recep- 
 tion; an embankment. 
 
 • Lev'i-ty, n. Frivolity, gayety, 
 
 vanity. 
 
 Lev'y, v . To gather or exact, 
 
 as a tax. 
 
 LFa-ble, a . Responsible, an- 
 swerable. 
 
 LFbel, n. Any defamatory 
 
 writing. 
 
 ....... License, n . Authority ; a grant 
 
 of permission. 
 
 . Lie, v . To utter falsehood with 
 
 intention to deceive. 
 
 • Lie (imp. lay), v. To rest ex- 
 
 tended; (law) to be capable of 
 being maintained. 
 
 Lief, adv. Gladly, willingly, 
 
 freely. (Now used only in the 
 phrases had as lief and would 
 as lief.) 
 
 ....... .Lien, n. A legal claim on prop- 
 erty by reason of debt. 
 
 .Lieu, n. Place, room, stead (in 
 
 lieu of). 
 
 ....... .Light en, v. To make lighter, 
 
 or less heavy; to display 
 flashes of lightning. 
 
 Likely, adv. In all probabil- 
 ity* 
 
 ..Lily, n. A handsome flower- 
 ing plant. 
 
 . .LinPif, n . Bound, border, edge; 
 utmost extent. 
 
 . .Lin'e-age, n . Descent in a line 
 from a common progenitor. 
 
 ..Linger, v. To delay, loiter, 
 tarry. f 
 
 . .Lin guist, n. A person skilled 
 in languages. 
 
 . .Lin'o-type, n. A machine 
 which sets and casts type a 
 line at a time. 
 
 . .Liq'ue-fy, v . To convert into a 
 liquid. 
 
 . .Liq'ui-date, v. To determine 
 the precise amount of indebb* 
 edness. 
 
 . .Lit'er-al, a. Real, not figura* 
 tive. 
 
 . .Lit'er-a-ry, a. Pertaining to 
 literature. 
 
 . .Lithe, a . Pliant, flexible, lim- 
 ber. 
 
 . .Lit-i-ga'tion, n. A suit at law, 
 a judicial contest. 
 
 . .Loan, n. That which one lends 
 or borrows. 
 
 . .Loath, a. Averse, unwilling, re- 
 luctant. 
 
 ..Loathe, v. To hate, detest, 
 abominate. 
 
 . .Loathsome, a. Disgusting, 
 nauseating. 
 
 . . Lo / cal, a. Pertaining to a par- 
 ticular place or definite re- 
 gion. 
 
 , .Lo-ca'tion, w. Place, locality, 
 situation. 
 
 . .Lo-co-mo'tion, n. Power of 
 moving from place to place. 
 
 ..Lodge, v. To rest, to stay, to 
 abide. 
 
 . .LoPty, a. Tall, high; exalted) 
 dignified, sublime. 
 
 , .Log'ic, n . Science of exact 
 reasoning. 
 
 , .Loom, v. To appear above th0 
 surface. 
 
 . .Lo-qua'cious, a. Talkative, in* 
 dined to disclose secrets. 
 
 . .Loss, n. Privation, detriment, 
 damage. 
 
 .Love, n. A feeling of strong 
 attachment. 
 
 . .Loy'al, a. Faithful, true, con- 
 stant. 
 
 .Lu'cid, a . Shining, bright, 
 
 clear. 
 
42 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Lack, n . Chance, fate, for- 
 tune. 
 
 LtPcre, n. Profit, gain in goods 
 or money; riches. 
 
 Lu'di-crous, a. Comic, ridicu- 
 lous. 
 
 Lumber, n. Manufactured tim- 
 ber. 
 
 Lurch, v. To roll or sway sud- 
 denly to one side. 
 
 Lure, v. To entice; to attract 
 by means of anything that 
 
 M 
 
 promises pleasure or advan- 
 tage. 
 
 Luscious, a. Sweet, delicious, 
 toothsome. 
 
 Lusher, n. Brilliancy, splen- 
 dor. 
 
 Lux-u'ri-ant, a. Very abun- 
 dant in growth. 
 
 Lux'u-ry, n. Anything expen- 
 sive which pleases the senses. 
 
 Lyre, n. A stringed musical 
 instrument. 
 
 Mac-a-ro'ni, n. An article of 
 food made of slender tubes of 
 wheat flour. 
 
 Mace, n. A kind of spice; a 
 club. 
 
 Ma-chine / , n . A mechanical 
 
 contrivance. 
 
 Mack'er-el, n. A species of 
 fish. 
 
 Mad, a. Insane; angry, furious 
 with rage. 
 
 Ma-don'na, n. A picture of the 
 
 Magic, n. Witchcraft, enchant- 
 ment. 
 
 MagTs-trate, n. A public civil 
 
 officer. 
 
 ... Mag-nanl-mous, a . Great of 
 
 mind, noble, honorable. 
 
 .T. Mag'net-ism, n. Power of at- 
 
 traction. 
 
 Mag'ni-fy, v. To enlarge; to 
 
 praise highly. 
 
 Maiden, n. An unmarried 
 
 woman. 
 
 Mail, n . Armor; that which 
 
 comes by mail. 
 
 Maim, v. To cripple, to injure, 
 
 to disable. 
 
 Main, a. Chief, principal, lead- 
 ing. 
 
 Main-tain', v. To support, to 
 
 sustain. 
 
 Maize, n. Corn, a seed growing 
 
 on cobs and used as food for 
 men and animals. 
 
 Maj'es-tyj n . Grandeur, exalt- 
 ed dignity. 
 
 ....... Ma-jorl-ty, n. The greater 
 
 number. 
 
 Make-believe, «. Insin- 
 cere. 
 
 Mal'a-dy, n. Any disease of 
 
 the human body. 
 
 Male, n. An animal of the male 
 
 sex. 
 
 Mal-e-fac'tor, n. An evil doer; 
 a criminal. 
 
 Mal-fea'sance, n. Evil conduct, 
 an illegal deed. 
 
 Ma-lign', v. To slander, to tra- 
 duce. 
 
 .Mal-prac'tice, n. Practice con- 
 trary to established rules. 
 
 .Mam'ma (pronounced also mam - 
 ma')> n. Mother. 
 
 .Mam'mon, n. Riches, wealth; 
 the god of riches. 
 
 .Man'a-cle, n. A handcuff, a 
 shackle for the hand or wrist. 
 
 . Man'age-ment, n. Conduct, 
 administration, direction. 
 
 .Mandate, n. An order or in- 
 junction. 
 
 .Mane, n. Hair flowing from a 
 horse’s neck. 
 
 .Ma-neu'ver, n. Dexterous 
 movement. 
 
 .Ma'ni-a. n. Insanity, unrea- 
 sonable desire. 
 
 .Man'i-fest, a. Evident to the 
 senses. 
 
 .Man'i-fold, a. Numerous, mul- 
 tiplied. 
 
 .Ma-nip'n-late, v. To manage, 
 
 control, handle. 
 
 .Man'ly, a. Manlike; brave, 
 courageous. 
 
 .Man'na, n. Divinely supplied 
 food. 
 
 .Manner, n. Mode of action, 
 method, style. 
 
 .Man'or, n. A tract of land oc- 
 cupied by tenants. 
 
 .Mansion, n. A house of con- 
 siderable size or preten- 
 sions. 
 
 .Man'tel, n. A shelf above a 
 fireplace. 
 
 .Mangle, n. A cloak; a loose 
 garment to be worn over 
 other garments. 
 
draughon’s practical, speller. 
 
 43 
 
 Man-u-fae/ture, v. To work 
 
 raw material into forms suit- 
 able for use. 
 
 . .Manuscript, ft. Writing, not 
 
 printing. 
 
 Mar, v. To deface, to impair, 
 
 to damage. 
 
 Ma-raud'er, ft. A plunderer, a 
 
 pillager. 
 
 Mare / chal ffieP , ft. A kind of 
 
 large yellow rose. 
 
 Mar / gin, ft. Border, edge, rim, 
 
 brink. 
 
 ....... .Mar'i-ner, ft. A seaman or 
 
 sailor. 
 
 Mar'i-tal, a. Pertaining to a 
 
 husband. 
 
 Maritime, a. Pertaining to the 
 
 ocean. 
 
 Market, ft. A public place of 
 
 sale. 
 
 Marksman, ft. A person skill- 
 ful in hitting a mark. 
 
 Marriage, ft. Wedlock, matri- 
 mony. 
 
 Mar shal, ft. An officer, a di- 
 rector of a procession, etc. 
 
 Martyr, ft. One who sacrifices 
 
 himself for a principle or a 
 cause. 
 
 Mar'vel, v. To wonder, to be 
 
 struck with surprise or aston- 
 ishment. 
 
 Mas'cot, ft. A thing that brings 
 
 good luck. 
 
 - Mas-quer-ade', v. To frolic in 
 
 disguise. 
 
 ........ Mas / sa-cre, ft. Promiscuous 
 
 slaughter of many. 
 
 Mass'ive, a. Heavy, weighty; 
 
 consisting of a large mass. 
 
 Mas'ter-ly, a . Showing a mas- 
 ter’s hand. 
 
 Master-piece, ft. A supreme 
 
 achievement. 
 
 .Mate, ft. An associate, a com- 
 panion. 
 
 . .Ma-te'ri-al, a. Important, es- 
 sential, weighty. 
 
 * Math-e-mat tcs, ft. The science 
 
 of numbers. 
 
 ....... .Ma-tric'u-late, v. To enroll, as 
 
 in a college. 
 
 Matter, n. Material, substance, 
 
 essence. 
 
 Ma-ture', o. Ripe* perfect, 
 
 complete. 
 
 .Maxt-mum* ft. Greatest quan- 
 tity dr value; highest point or 
 degree. 
 
 Mayt>e, adv. Perhaps, possibly. 
 
 .May'or, ft. Chief officer of a 
 municipality. 
 
 .Maze, ft . Confusion of thought, 
 perplexity. 
 
 . Mead / ow, ft. Low land covered 
 with grass. 
 
 . Meaner, a. Thin, lean, scanty, 
 poor. 
 
 .Meal, ft. Ground corn; food 
 taken at a particular time. 
 
 .Mean, a. Low, vulgar, bad, 
 dishonorable, disgraceful. 
 
 .Mean, ft. The middle point or 
 place. 
 
 Meaning, ft. Import, significa- 
 tion. 
 
 .Meantime, ft. Intervening 
 time. 
 
 , Mea / s]}e^, ft. A contagious, erup- 
 tive disease. 
 
 Meat, ft. Flesh of animals used 
 as food. 
 
 Me-chantc-al, a. Pertaining 
 to a machine; uninfluenced 
 by will or emotion. 
 
 MeiPdle, v. To interfere with 
 another’s affairs. 
 
 Me / di-ate, v. To interpose be- 
 tween parties. 
 
 Medt-cine, ft. A remedy, a re- 
 medial agent. 
 
 Medt-tate, v . To think seri- 
 ously. 
 
 Me'di-um, ft. That through 
 which an effect is transmitted 
 from one thing to another. 
 
 Meed, ft. Reward, recompense; 
 worth. 
 
 Meet, v . To come in contact 
 with. 
 
 MePan-chol-y, n. Depression 
 of spirits. 
 
 MePlow, a. Soft or tender by 
 reason of ripeness. 
 
 MePo-dy, ft. An agreeable suc- 
 cession of sounds. 
 
 MenPber, ft. An organ, a limb; 
 a person belonging to a socie- 
 ty. 
 
 Me-men'to, ft. A token, a sou- 
 venir. 
 
 MenPo-ra-ble, a. Important, re- 
 markable. 
 
 Mem-o-raiPdum, ». A note to 
 help the memory. 
 
 MenPo-rize, v. To commit to 
 memory. 
 
 MeiPace, ft. Indication of prob- 
 able evil. 
 
 Men-da'cious, a. False, lying 
 counterfeit. 
 
u 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Men'di-cant, n. A beggar, one 
 who makes a business of beg- 
 ging. 
 
 Men ial, a. Pertaining to serv- 
 ants. 
 
 Mental, a . Intellectual, per- 
 taining to the mind. 
 
 Mention, v. To speak briefly 
 of, to name. 
 
 MePce-na-ry, a. Greedy of 
 gain. 
 
 MePckan-dise, n. Goods, 
 wares, commodities. 
 
 . Merchant, n . A dealer, a 
 trader. 
 
 . MePcy , n . Forbearance ; a bless- 
 ing. 
 
 .Mere, a. Only this, and noth- 
 ing else. 
 
 .Merger, n . An absorption of 
 one thing into or by another. 
 
 .Meruit, n . Worth, excellence; 
 quality of deserving well. 
 
 .Mer'ry, a. Jovial, overflowing 
 with good humor. 
 
 .Message, n. Notice, word, 
 communication. 
 
 .Mes'sienrs^w. Sirs, gentlemen 
 ( Messrs .). 
 
 .Me-taPlic, a. Pertaining to 
 metal. 
 
 .Met-a-moPpho-sis, n. Change 
 of form or structure. 
 
 .MePa-pkor, n . A compressed 
 simile. 
 
 .Mete, n. Measure, limit, 
 boundary. 
 
 .Me'ter, n. An instrument for 
 measuring and recording au- 
 tomatically the quantity meas- 
 ured; poetical measure. 
 
 .Method, 7i. Manner, way, sys- 
 tem. 
 
 .MePtle, n. Spirit, disposition, 
 temperament. 
 
 .Mid / dle-man, n. A go-between; 
 a broker. 
 
 .Might, n . Force, power, ability, 
 capacity. 
 
 .MFgra-to-ry, a. Roving, wan- 
 dering. 
 
 .Milch cow, n . A cow giving 
 milk. 
 
 , .Mil-lenTii-um, n. A thousand 
 years. 
 
 . .MiFli-ner, n. One who makes, 
 trims, or deals in women’s hats. 
 
 . .Mil-lion-aire / , n. A person 
 with a million dollars. 
 
 . .MinPic. v. To imitate; to ridi- 
 cule oy imitation. 
 
 .Mince, v. To act or talk with 
 
 affected nicety. 
 
 .Mind, n. The intellectual fac- 
 ulty in man. 
 
 .Mine, n. A pit from which ores 
 are dug. 
 
 . Min'gle , v. To mix, to combine 
 or join. 
 
 .Minton, n. A fawning favor- 
 ite. 
 
 . Mini-mum, n. The least quan- 
 tity assignable or admissible. 
 
 .Mhris-ter, n. An ambassador; 
 a clergyman. 
 
 .MPnor, a. Inferior in degree, 
 importance, etc. 
 
 .MPnus, a. Less; requiring to 
 be subtracted. 
 
 .Min'ute, n. Sixty seconds; a 
 memorandum, a record. 
 
 .Mi-nnte / , a . Little, slight, slen- 
 der. 
 
 . MiPa-cle, n. An event contra- 
 ry to the established course of 
 things. 
 
 .MiPror, n. A looking-glass; a 
 pattern, an exemplar. 
 
 .Mis-caPry, v. To go wrong, 
 to suffer defeat. 
 
 . Mis-eel-la'ne-ous, a. Mixed, 
 promiscuous. 
 
 .Mis'chie-vous, a. Causing mis- 
 chief, harmful. 
 
 .Mis-de-mean'or, n. A crime 
 less than a felony. 
 
 .MFser, n. A covetous, grasp- 
 ing, mean person. 
 
 .Mis'er-a-ble, a. Unhappy, 
 wretched. 
 
 . .Mis -fortune, n. Calamity, dis- 
 aster. 
 
 . .Mis-prPsion, n . Neglect, negli- 
 gence. ^ 
 
 . .Mis-rep-re-sen-ta'tion, n. Un- 
 true representation. 
 
 ..Missile, n. A weapon thrown 
 or projected. 
 
 ..Mission, n: Business or duty 
 on which one is sent. 
 
 . . Missive, n. A writing contain- 
 ing a message. 
 
 . .Mis-take', n. A blunder, an 
 error. 
 
 . .Mite, n. Anything very small; 
 a very little quantity. 
 
 . .MiPi-gate, v. To make less 
 
 severe. 
 
 . .MiPti-mus, n . A warrant of 
 . commitment to prison. 
 
 ..Mobile, a. Capable of being 
 
 moved. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 45 
 
 .Mode, n. Manner, method, 
 form, fashion, custom. 
 
 •Mod'el, n. A miniature repre- 
 sentation of a thing. 
 
 .Mod'er-ate, v. To lessen, to 
 allay. 
 
 .Modern, a. Pertaining to the 
 present time. 
 
 .Mod'i-fy, v . To change some- 
 what. 
 
 .Mold, r. To shape, to model, 
 to fashion. 
 
 .Mo-lesF, y. To trouble, to dis- 
 turb. 
 
 . Mon / arch, n. A supreme ruler, 
 a sovereign. 
 
 .Mon'ey. n. Coin or currency; 
 wealth. 
 
 Mo-nop'o-ly, n. Exclusive pos- 
 session, right, or privilege. 
 
 Mo-noFo-ny, n. Irksome same- 
 ness. 
 
 Mobster, n. Something of un- 
 natural size, shape, or qual- 
 ity. 
 
 Mope, v. To be dull and spirit- 
 less. 
 
 Mor'al, a. Relating to duty or 
 obligation. 
 
 More-o'ver, adv. Further, be- 
 sides. 
 
 .Mortal, a . Subject to death; 
 deadly. 
 
 Mortgage, y. To pledge prop- 
 erty as security for debt. 
 
 Motive, n. That which incites 
 to action. 
 
 Mo'tor. n. One who or that 
 which imparts motion. 
 
 Mono, n . A short expression 
 of a guiding principle. 
 
 .Mount, v. To get up on any- 
 thing. 
 
 N 
 
 .Nag, v . To tease in a petty 
 
 way. 
 
 .Nail, v. To fasten, as with a 
 nail or an assertion. 
 
 .Namely, adv . That is to say, 
 to wit. 
 
 .Naphtha (naFtha), n . Crude 
 petroleum. 
 
 .Nar'ra-tive, n. A story, a re- 
 cital. 
 
 .NaTion-al, a. Pertaining to a 
 nation; common to a people. 
 
 .Native, n. One born in a 
 country or place referred to. 
 
 .NaFu-ral, a. Native, charac- 
 teristic. 
 
 .Mountain, n. An eminence 
 higher than a hill. 
 
 . Movable, a. Capable of being 
 moved. 
 
 .Mucous, a . Pertaining to mu- 
 cus. 
 
 .Mu'cus, n. A sticky animal 
 fluid. 
 
 .Mud / dle, y. To confuse, to per- 
 plex. 
 
 Mul-ti-fa'ri-ous, a. Made up 
 of many parts. 
 
 MuFti-ply, y. To increase in 
 number. 
 
 MuFti-tude, n. A crowd, an 
 assembly. 
 
 .Mumps, n. An epidemic dis- 
 ease. 
 
 .Mu'ni-ment, n. A record; place 
 or means of defense. 
 
 Murmur, y. To complain, to 
 grumble. 
 
 . Mus / cle, n. An organ which by 
 its contraction produces mo- 
 tion. 
 
 Mu'sic, n , Science and art of 
 tones, or musical sounds. 
 
 Mus-tache', n. Hair growing 
 on the upper lip. 
 
 Mu'ta-ble, a. Changeable, al- 
 terable. 
 
 Mu'ti-late, y. To maim, to cut 
 off or destroy a part of. 
 
 Mu tu-al, a. Interchanged, re- 
 ciprocal. 
 
 . Myr 'i-ad, n. An immense num- 
 ber. 
 
 .Mys'ter-y, n. A profound 
 secret; something concealed; 
 something that cannot be ex- 
 plained. 
 
 .MytlFic-al, a. Imaginary, fan- 
 cied. 
 
 Nat/u-ral-ize, y. To adopt into 
 a nation or a State. 
 
 Naught, n . Nothing; a ci- 
 pher. 
 
 NaughFy, a. Mischievous, per- 
 verse. 
 
 Nau'tic-al, a. Pertaining to 
 ships, seamen, or navigation. 
 
 Na'val, a . Having to do with 
 shipping. 
 
 Na'vel, n. A mark in the mid- 
 dle of the abdomen. 
 
 Nec'es-sa-ry, a . Impossible to 
 be otherwise. 
 
 Ne-ces / si-ty, n. Need, want; a 
 requisite. 
 
46 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 .. Nee'dle, w. A small steel in- 
 
 strument used in sewing. 
 
 Ne-f a'ri-ous, a. Wicked, abomi- 
 nable. 
 
 Neg-lect', v. To disregard, to 
 
 slight. 
 
 Ne-go'ti-ate, v. To procure or 
 
 arrange for by negotiation. 
 
 ..Neigh (nay), n . The cry of a 
 
 horse. 
 
 Neighbor, w. A person who 
 
 lives near another. 
 
 .Neither, conj. Not either, not 
 
 the one or the other. 
 
 ....... .Nephew, n. A son of one’s 
 
 brother or sister. 
 
 Nervous, a. Sensitive, excita- 
 ble, timid. 
 
 Nether, a. Lying beneath, un- 
 der. 
 
 Neuter, a . Neither male nor 
 
 female. 
 
 Neutral, a. Taking no part on 
 
 either side. 
 
 Newlan-gled, a . New-made; 
 
 given to new theories or fash- 
 ions. 
 
 News, n. A report of something 
 
 that has recently occurred. 
 
 News'pa-per, n. A sheet print- 
 ed to convey news. 
 
 Nice, a. Delicate, refined; 
 
 agreeable, delightful. 
 
 ....... .Niche, n . A cavity, a hollow 
 
 place. 
 
 Nick, n . A broken or indented 
 
 ^ n. A metal; a five-cent 
 piece." 
 
 NickTiame, n. A familiar or 
 opprobrious name. 
 
 Niece, n. A daughter of one’s 
 brother or sister. 
 
 Nig'gard-ly, a . Stingy, covet- 
 ous, avaricious. 
 
 .Night, n . The time between 
 dust and dawn. 
 
 .Nil, n . and a . Nothing; worth- 
 less, of no account. 
 
 .No'ble, a. Of exalted rank; 
 
 honorable, dignified. 
 
 .Noise, n . Sound of any kind; 
 din, uproar. 
 
 .Noisome, a. Hurtful, unwhole- 
 some. 
 
 .Noml-nate, v. To name or 
 designate for office or place. 
 •Noml-nee, n. A person nomi- 
 nated. 
 
 .Non-emli-ty, ». A thing not 
 existing. 
 
 place. 
 
 Nickel, 
 
 Non-joinder, n . Omission of 
 some person who should have 
 been made plaintiff or defend- 
 ant in a suit. 
 
 Non-pa-reil 7 , a. Having no 
 equal, peerless. 
 
 Nonplus, v. To puzzle, to con- 
 found. 
 
 Non'suit, n. Neglect by plain- 
 tiff to follow up his suit. 
 
 -Nor'mal, a. Regular, natu- 
 ral. 
 
 No / ta-ble, a. Worthy of notice; 
 remarkable. 
 
 No'ta-ry, n . One who records 
 in shorthand what is said or 
 done; a public officer. 
 
 -Notebook, n. A book in which 
 memoranda are written. 
 
 , No'ti-fy , v. To make known, to 
 give notice to. 
 
 .Notion, n. An idea; an opin- 
 ion. 
 
 .No-to'ri-ous, a. Universally be- 
 lieved to be true. 
 
 .Nourish, v . To cherish, feed, 
 supply. 
 
 .Novdl, a. New, unusual, out 
 of the ordinary. 
 
 .Nov'el, n. A fictitious tale or 
 narrative. 
 
 .Novice, n. One unacquainted 
 or unskilled. 
 
 .Nu'cle-us, n. Central mass 
 about which matter is gath- 
 ered. 
 
 .Nude, a. Naked, bare, un- 
 draped. 
 
 .Nu'ga-to-ry, a. Trifling, of no 
 force. 
 
 .NuUsance, n. That which an- 
 noys or gives trouble. 
 
 .Null, a . void, useless, of no ef- 
 ficacy. 
 
 .Nulli-fy, v . To make void; to 
 repeal. 
 
 .Numb^ a. Insensible, without 
 feeling. 
 
 .Nu'mer-ous, a. Consisting of a 
 great number. 
 
 .Nun« n. A woman devoted to 
 religious life, who lives in a 
 convent. 
 
 .Nun-cu'pa-tive, a. Oral, not 
 written. 
 
 .Nurse, v . To cherish, foster, 
 bring up. 
 
 .Nur'ture, v. To feed, to nour- 
 ish. 
 
 . Nmlri-ment, ». That which pro- 
 motes growth or development. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 47 
 
 o 
 
 ....... .Oar, n . An implement for im- 
 pelling a boat. 
 
 (Ka-siS; n. A fertile or green 
 
 spot in a desert. 
 
 Oath, n. A solemn affirmation 
 
 or declaration. 
 
 Ob'du-rate, a. Hard, firm, un- 
 bending. 
 
 O-be'di-ent, a. Subject to au- 
 thority, submissive to control. 
 
 O-bei'sance, n. Homage, a 
 
 bow, a courtesy. 
 
 Ob-ject', v. To make opposition 
 
 in words or argument. 
 
 ........ Object, n. Something visible 
 
 or tangible. 
 
 Ob-jecTive point, n. The point 
 
 or purpose to which anything 
 is directed. 
 
 , .ObTi-gate, v. To place under 
 
 obligation; to bind to an act. 
 
 ........ Ob'li-ga-to-ry, a. Binding in 
 
 law or conscience. 
 
 ...„ O-blige 7 , v. To please, to 
 
 gratify; to constrain. 
 
 Ob-liq'ui-ty , n. Deviation from 
 
 moral rectitude. 
 
 Ob-lit'er-ate, v. To erase or 
 
 blot out. 
 
 Ob-liv'i-on, n. The act of for- 
 getting or the state of being 
 forgotten. 
 
 Ob-nox'ious, a. Liable to cen- 
 sure; offensive, odious. 
 
 Ob-scene / , a. Impure, immod- 
 est. 
 
 Ob-scure 7 , v. To darken, to 
 
 hide. 
 
 Ob -se'qui-ous, a. Meanly at- 
 tentive. 
 
 Ob'se-quy, n. Rite pertaining 
 
 to burial. 
 
 ........ Ob-serve', v. To keep, to heed ; 
 
 to see, to perceive. 
 
 Ob'so-lete, a. No longer in 
 use. 
 
 ....... .Ob'sta-cle, n. A hindrance, an 
 
 obstruction. 
 
 ....... .Obsti-nate, a. Not yielding to 
 
 reason; stubborn. 
 
 .Ob-struct', v. To check, inter- 
 rupt, impede. 
 
 ....... .Ob-taiiT, v . To get hold of, to 
 
 get possession. 
 
 . . . . ^ . Ob-tuse / , a. Not having acute 
 sensibility or perceptions; 
 dull, stupid. 
 
 . . . ... . .Ob'vi-ate, v . To make unneces- 
 sary. 
 
 , Ob'vi-ous , a. Easily seen or un- 
 derstood. 
 
 Oc-ca'sion, n. An occurrence, 
 a happening. 
 
 Oc-ca'sion-al, a. Occurring at 
 irregular times. 
 
 .Oc-cult 7 , a. Hidden from the 
 eye or the understanding. 
 
 Oc-cu-pa'tion, n . That which 
 occupies the time and atten- 
 tion. 
 
 , Oc'cu-py, v. To take or hold 
 possession of. 
 
 , Oc-curTenee, n. Any incident 
 or event. 
 
 .Oc-ta'vo, a. Having eight 
 leaves to a sheet. 
 
 .Odd, a . Without a mate; left 
 over; strange. 
 
 .0 / dor, n. Any smell, whether 
 pleasant or offensive. 
 
 .Of-fend 7 , v. To displease, to 
 make angry. 
 
 .Of Ter, v . To propose, pro- 
 pound, tender; to sacrifice. 
 
 . Office, n. That which one does*, 
 for another; a public duty* 
 trust, charge. 
 
 .Of -filial, n . One who holds an 
 office. 
 
 .Of-fPci-ate, v. To act as an 
 officer; to conduct a public 
 service. 
 
 .Of-iPcious, a. Meddlesome, im- 
 pertinent. 
 
 .01-fac'to-ry, a. Pertaining to 
 the sense of smell. 
 
 .O-me'ga, n . The last letter of 
 the Greek alphabet; the last, 
 the end. 
 
 .O'men, n . An augury, a fore- 
 token. 
 
 . OnPi-nous, a. Significant, por- 
 tentous. 
 
 . O-mit 7 , v . To leave out; to leave 
 undone. 
 
 ,Om-nip / o-tent,a. All-powerful, 
 almighty. 
 
 Om-ni-pres'enee, n. Presence 
 in every place at the same 
 time. 
 
 Om«nis / cient, a . Having uni- 
 versal knowledge. 
 
 Om-niv'o-rous, a. Eating 
 everything indiscriminately. 
 
 On'er-ous, a. Burdensome, op- 
 pressive. 
 
 Onslaught, n. A furious attack 
 or assault. 
 
48 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Op'er-ate, v. To act; to pro- 
 
 duce an effect. 
 
 0-pin 7 ion, n. Sentiment, notion, 
 
 idea, view. 
 
 . . .0-pin 7 ion-a-ted, a. Obstinate 
 
 in opinion. 
 
 0 7 pi-um, w. The juice of the 
 
 white poppy. 
 
 Op-po 7 nenf, n. An antagonist, 
 
 a foe. 
 
 Op-por-tune 7 , a . Seasonable, 
 
 timely. 
 
 Op-por-tu 7 ni-ty, n. Fit or con- 
 venient time; chance. 
 
 Op-pose 7 , v. To resist or an- 
 tagonize; to compete with. 
 
 Op 7 po-site, a . Placed over 
 
 against; different, contrary, 
 antagonistic. 
 
 Op-press 7 , v. To overload, to 
 
 treat with cruelty. 
 
 Op-pro'bri-ous, a. Reproach- 
 ful, scurrilous. 
 
 0p 7 tic-al, a . Pertaining to the 
 
 eye. 
 
 0p 7 ti-mism, n . A disposition to 
 
 take the most hopeful view. 
 
 Op 7 tion, n . Right of choice or 
 
 election. 
 
 ... 0p 7 u-lent, a. Wealthy, rich; 
 
 having a large estate or prop- 
 erty. 
 
 Oi^a-cle, n. The Deity; a per- 
 son reputed uncommonly 
 wise. 
 
 0 7 ral, a. Spoken, not written; 
 
 verbal. 
 
 0-ra 7 tion, n. An elaborate dis- 
 course. 
 
 Oi^a-tor, n . An eloquent 
 
 speaker. 
 
 Orb, n. A spherical body, a 
 
 globe. 
 
 0r 7 ches-tra, n. A band of in- 
 strumental musicians. 
 
 .Or-dain 7 , v. To set in order; to 
 
 decree; to appoint. 
 
 Or 7 de-al, n . A severe trial or 
 
 test. 
 
 0r 7 der, n. Regular arrange- 
 ment; freedom from disturb- 
 ance; a precept, a command; 
 a body of persons. 
 
 Oi^di-nance, n. A rule estab- 
 lished by authority. 
 
 0r 7 di-na-ry, a. Regular, cus- 
 tomary. 
 
 Ordinance, n . Heavy weapons 
 
 of warfare. 
 
 .Ore, n. The native form of a 
 
 metal. 
 
 Oi^gan, n. An instrument by 
 which an end is accomplished; 
 a musical instrument. 
 
 0r 7 gan-ize, v . To arrange and 
 constitute in parts. 
 
 0r 7 i-fice, n . A mouth or aper- 
 ture. 
 
 0r 7 i-gin, n. The beginning of 
 anything. 
 
 0-rig 7 i-nal, a . New, fresh; 
 
 genuine. 
 
 0r 7 na-ment, n. Decoration, 
 adornment. 
 
 0r 7 phan, n. A child bereaved 
 of one or both parents. 
 
 Or 7 tho-dox, a. Sound in opin- 
 ion or doctrine; approved. 
 
 0r-thog 7 ra-phy, n. Correct 
 spelling. 
 
 0s 7 si-fy, v. To form into bone; 
 to harden. 
 
 Os-ten 7 si-ble, a . Shown, 
 avowed, professed. 
 
 Os-ten-ta 7 tion, n. Parade, 
 show, boasting. 
 
 0s 7 tra-cize, v. To banish from 
 society. 
 
 0th 7 er-wise, adv. In a differ- 
 ent manner, in another way. 
 
 Ought, aux . To be bound in 
 duty or by moral obliga- 
 tion. 
 
 .Ounce, n. Sixteenth part of a 
 pound avoirdupois. 
 
 .0ust 7 er, n. Dispossession, ejec' 
 tion. 
 
 .Out 7 lay, n. That which is ex- 
 pended. 
 
 .Outline, n. The exterior line 
 or edge; a sketch. 
 
 . 0ut 7 rage , n. W anton mischief, 
 gross injury. 
 
 .Out 7 right, adv . Immediately, 
 without delay. 
 
 .0 7 val, a. Having the figure of 
 an egg. 
 
 .0-va 7 tion, n. An expression of 
 popular homage. 
 
 . 0-ver-bear 7 ing, a. Overpower- 
 ing. 
 
 . 0-ver-come 7 , v. To conquer, to 
 subdue. 
 
 . 0-Yer-haul 7 , v. To examine with 
 a view to corrections. 
 
 .0-ver-hear 7 , v . To hear by ac- 
 cident. 
 
 .0-ver-look 7 , v . To watch over, 
 to look over carefully; to neg- 
 lect. 
 
 ,0-ver-reach 7 * v, To cheat by 
 cunning. 
 
lraughon’s practical speller. 
 
 49 
 
 .O-yer-rule 7 , v. To decide 
 against; to supersede, reject, 
 annul. 
 
 .0-ver-see 7 , v. To superintend, 
 to direct. 
 
 0 7 vert, Public, open to 
 view. 
 
 0 7 ver-tnre, n. A proposal, an 
 offer; a musical composition. 
 
 . 0-ver-ween 7 ing, a. Unduly 
 
 confident, conceited. 
 
 0-ver-whelm 7 , v. To overpow- 
 er, to crush. 
 
 Owe , v. To be under obligation 
 
 to pay. 
 
 Own, v. To acknowledge; to 
 
 possess. 
 
 ..Oyster, n. A marine bivalve 
 
 animal. 
 
 . .Q 7 zone, n. A colorless gase- 
 ous substance, a form of oxy-, 
 gen. 
 
 Pace, n. A step; manner of 
 stepping or moving. 
 
 Pa-cif 7 ic, a. Calm, quiet, 
 peaceful. 
 
 Pa 7 gan, n . A heathen, an idol- 
 ater. 
 
 Page, n. One side of a leaf of 
 written or printed matter. 
 
 Pageant, n. A show, spectacle, 
 or display. 
 
 Pail, n. A vessel of wood or 
 tin. 
 
 Pain, n. Mental distress; bodi- 
 ly suffering. 
 
 Pair, n. Two things of a kind, 
 similar in form and intended 
 to be used together. 
 
 PaPate, n. The roof of the 
 mouth. 
 
 Pale, a . Dusky white, pallid, 
 
 wan. 
 
 Palette, n. A board on which 
 a painter mixes his pig- 
 ments. 
 
 Pall, v. To lose strength, life, 
 or spirit. 
 
 Pal 7 let, n. A small and mean 
 bed. 
 
 PaPli-ate, v. To cover with 
 excuses. 
 
 PaPlid, a. Pale, wan; deficient 
 in color. 
 
 Palm, n . A tree; a symbol of 
 victory. 
 
 Palm, v . To impose upon by 
 fraud. 
 
 PaPpa-ble, a. Plain, distinct, 
 gross. 
 
 Pal try, a. Worthless, trifling, 
 contemptible. 
 
 PanPper, v. To indulge to ex- 
 cess. 
 
 Pan 7 ic, n. A sudden overpow- 
 ering fright. 
 
 Pan-o-ra 7 ma, n. A picture pre- 
 senting a view of objects in 
 every direction. 
 
 4 
 
 Pan 7 to-mime, n. A dramatic 
 
 representation by actors who 
 use only dumb show. 
 
 Pa 7 pal, a. Pertaining to the 
 
 pope of Rome. 
 
 Pa-paw 7 , n. A tree of tropical 
 
 America, also its fruit. 
 
 Pa-py 7 rus, n. Material upon 
 
 which ancient Egyptians 
 wrote. 
 
 Par, n. Equal value {at par, at 
 
 the original price; below par , 
 above par, etc.). 
 
 Par 7 a-ble, n. A comparison, a 
 
 similitude. 
 
 Pa-rade 7 , n. Pompous show; 
 
 movement of a body in mili- 
 tary order. 
 
 Par 7 a-dise, n. A place of bliss; 
 
 a state of happiness. 
 
 Par 7 a-dox, n. That which in 
 
 appearance is absurd, yet 
 may be true. 
 
 Par 7 a-gon, n. A model or pat- 
 tern. 
 
 Par 7 a-graph, n. A distinct part 
 
 of a discourse or writing; an 
 item. 
 
 Par 7 al-lel, a. Similar, running 
 
 side by side. 
 
 Par 7 a-mount, a. Chief, su- 
 preme. 
 
 Par-a-pher-na li-a, n. Append- 
 ages, finery, equipment. 
 
 Par 7 a-phrase, v. To express a 
 
 passage in another form thaflL 
 the original. 
 
 Par 7 cel, n. A part, a fragment, 
 
 a package, a bundle. 
 
 Par 7 don, n. Release from pen- 
 alty. 
 
 Pare, v. To cut off, as rind of 
 
 fruit. 
 
 .Par 7 ent, n. Father or mother; 
 
 cause, source, author. 
 
 * . . Park, n. A piece of ground kept 
 
 I for ornament or recreation. 
 
50 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Paisley, v. To discuss orally; 
 
 to confer on some point of 
 mutual concern. 
 
 Par'o-dy, n. A writing altered 
 
 and burlesqued. 
 
 Pa-roF, a. Given or done by 
 
 word of mouth. 
 
 Pa-role 7 , v. To set at liberty on 
 
 one’s word of honor. 
 
 Par'ox-ysm, n . A fit, a convul- 
 sion. 
 
 Par'ry, v. To ward off, evade, 
 
 or turn aside something. 
 
 Par-si-mo'ni-ous, a. Stingy, 
 
 niggardly. 
 
 Pardon, n. A preacher, a cler- 
 gyman. 
 
 • Part, n. Something less than 
 
 the whole. 
 
 • Part, v. To become separated; 
 
 to take leave. 
 
 Par-take 7 , v. To participate, to 
 
 share. 
 
 • Par tial, a. Affecting a part 
 
 only; biased. 
 
 • Par-tic'i-pate, v. To take part, 
 
 to have a share in. 
 
 • Par-tic 7 u-lar, a. Single, indi- 
 
 vidual, specific; peculiar, sin- 
 gular. 
 
 Par 7 ti-san, n. An adherent to 
 
 a party or faction. 
 
 Par-tFtion, n. Division, dis- 
 tribution. 
 
 Partner, n. An associate in 
 
 business; a sharer. 
 
 • Part 'ner-sMp, n. J oint posses- 
 
 sion or interest. 
 
 Pass, v. To go, proceed, move 
 
 beyond. 
 
 ....... .Passable, a . Capable of being 
 
 traveled. 
 
 Passing, adv . Exceedingly. 
 
 excessively. 
 
 Pas'sion, n. A feeling or emo- 
 tion mastering the mind. 
 
 • Passive, a. Not active; pa- 
 
 tient. 
 
 • Pass'port, n. Permission to 
 
 pass. 
 
 * Past, a . Gone by, elapsed, end- 
 
 ed. 
 
 Pas'tor^tt. A shepherd; a min- 
 ister in charge of a church. 
 
 Pasture, n. Grass land for 
 
 cattle, eta 
 
 • Patch, v . To mend with a piece 
 
 or pieces of cloth or leather. 
 ........ PaFcnt, n. A document secur- 
 ing exolmsive right. 
 
 • P&v eat, «. Evident, apparent. 
 
 .Pathos, n. That which awak- 
 ens tender emotions. 
 
 .Pa'tient, a . Able to suffer 
 
 without murmuring; perse- 
 vering, diligent. 
 
 .Pa'tri-ot, n . One who loves his 
 country. 
 
 .Pa-troF, v. To go the rounds 
 of, as a sentry, policeman, 
 etc. 
 
 .Pa'tron, n. One who encour- 
 ages or helps. 
 
 .PaFron-age, n. Encourage- 
 ment; business custom. 
 
 .PaFron-ize, v. To trade with 
 customarily. 
 
 PaFtern, n. A guide, a sample, 
 a design. 
 
 .PaiFci-ty, n. Scarcity, insuf- 
 ficiency. 
 
 .PaiFper* n. A dependent poor 
 
 person. 
 
 .Pause 9 v . To make a short 
 stop. 
 
 .Pa-viFion, n. Atemporary 
 movable habitation. 
 
 .Pawn 5 v. To deposit in pledge 
 or as security for the payment 
 of money borrowed. 
 
 .Pay 9 v. To remunerate, to 
 recompense. 
 
 .Peace 9 n. Harmony, quiet, 
 agreement. 
 
 .Peal 9 n. A loud sound, as of 
 bells, etc. 
 
 .Pear (pare), n. A kind of 
 fruit. 
 
 .Peasant, n. A countryman, a 
 
 rustic. 
 
 .PecTi-iate, v. To embezzle; to 
 steal public moneys intrusted 
 to one’s care. 
 
 .Pe-euFiar, a. One’s own; un- 
 usual, singular, rare. 
 
 .Pe-cmFia-ry, a. Relating to 
 
 money. 
 
 .Pedagogue, n. A teacher, a 
 
 schoolmaster. 
 
 .Penial, a . Of or pertaining to 
 the foot or the feet. 
 
 .Ped 7 al, n . A treadle; a lever 
 or key in a pianoforte or or- 
 gan acted upon by the foot. 
 
 , .Ped'dle, v. To sell from place 
 to place. 
 
 . .Ped'es-tal, n. The base or foot 
 of a statue, etc. 
 
 .Peel, n . The skin or rind of 
 fruit. 
 
 , .Peer, n. One of the same rank* 
 quality, endowments, etc. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 51 
 
 .Pell-mell 7 , adv. In utter con- 
 fusion. 
 
 .Pelt, n. A raw or undressed 
 hide. 
 
 .Pelt, v. To throw missiles; to 
 strike with something thrown 
 or driven. 
 
 .Pe 7 nal, a. Pertaining to pun- 
 ishments, penalties, crimes. 
 
 ,Pen 7 al-ty, n. Punishment for 
 crime or offense. 
 
 .Pendant, n. Something which 
 hangs or depends. 
 
 Pen 7 e-trate, v. To enter into; 
 to affect profoundly through 
 the feelings. 
 
 . Pen 7 i-tence, n. Sorrow for sin, 
 
 repentance. 
 
 Pen-i-ten 7 tia-ry, n. A house of 
 
 correction. 
 
 Pension, n. Stated allowance 
 in consideration of past serv- 
 ices. 
 
 Pe-nu 7 ri-ous, a . Stingy, covet- 
 ous, sordid. 
 
 ,Per-am 7 bu-late, v. To walk 
 through or over. 
 
 Per-ceive 7 , v. To see, hear, or 
 feel. 
 
 ,Per 7 emp-to-ry ? a. Positive, ab- 
 solute, decisive. 
 
 ,Per-en 7 ni-al, a. Perpetual, 
 never failing. 
 
 .PerTect, a. without flaw, 
 blemish, or error. 
 
 ,Per 7 fect, v. To make perfect, 
 to complete. 
 
 .Per 7 fo-rate, v. To bore through; 
 to pierce with a pointed in- 
 strument. 
 
 .Per-form 7 , v. To accomplish, 
 do, achieve, discharge. 
 
 .Per-func 7 to-ry, a. Done in a 
 careless, indifferent man- 
 ner. 
 
 .Peril, n. Danger, risk, haz- 
 ard. 
 
 .Pe 7 ri-od, n. A portion of time; 
 a mark (.) of punctuation. 
 
 .Per 7 ish, v. To pass away, to 
 become nothing. 
 
 .Per 7 ju-ry, n. False swearing; 
 a willfully false statement. 
 
 .Per 7 ma-nent, a. Lasting, du- 
 rable, fixed. 
 
 .Per-mit 7 , v . To consent to, to 
 tolerate. 
 
 .Per'mit, n. Leave, permission, 
 license. 
 
 ,Per-ni 7 cious, o. Malicious, 
 wicked. 
 
 ,Per-pet 7 u-al, a. Everlasting, 
 continuous. 
 
 Per-plex 7 , v. To entangle; to 
 embarrass. 
 
 Per 7 qui-site, n. Something 
 gained above one’s salary or 
 wages. 
 
 Per 7 se-cute, v. To oppress, 
 worry, annoy. 
 
 ,Per-se-vere 7 , v. To persist in 
 any business or enterprise 
 undertaken. 
 
 Per-sist 7 , v. To be fixed and 
 unmoved; to persevere. 
 
 Per 7 son, n. The body; a hu- 
 man being. 
 
 Per-son-nel 7 , n. The body of 
 persons employed in some 
 public service. 
 
 .Per-spec 7 tive, n. A view; that 
 which is seen through an 
 opening. 
 
 .Per-spic 7 u-ous, a. Clear to the 
 understanding. 
 
 . Per- spi-r a 7 tion , n. That which 
 is excreted through the skin — 
 sweat. 
 
 .Per-suade 7 , v. To influence by 
 argument, etc. 
 
 .Per 7 ti-nent, a. Suitable, ap- 
 propriate, fit. 
 
 .Pe-ruse 7 , v. To read carefully; 
 to read through. 
 
 .Per-verse 7 , a. Stubborn, wick- 
 ed, ungovernable. 
 
 .Per- vert 7 , v. To lead astray; 
 to misinterpret. 
 
 ,Pes 7 si-mist, n. One who looks 
 on the dark side. 
 
 .Pe-ti 7 tion, n. A prayer, an en- 
 treaty. 
 
 .Pe-tro 7 le-um, n. Mineral oil, 
 rock oil, or natural oil. 
 
 .Pet 7 ty, a . Little, trifling, in- 
 ferior. 
 
 .Pew, n. A compartment in a 
 church. 
 
 .Pha 7 e«ton, n. A four-wheeled 
 
 carriage. 
 
 .Phan 7 tom, n . That which has 
 only an apparent existence. N 
 
 .Phar-i-sa 7 ic, a. Pertaining to 
 the Pharisees; self-righteous, 
 hypocritical. 
 
 .Phase, n. The appearance 
 which anything manifests. 
 
 .Phe-nom 7 e-nal, a . Extraordi- 
 nary, wonderful. 
 
 .Phi-lan 7 thro-py, n. Universal 
 good will; love to sum- 
 kind. 
 
52 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Phi-lol'o-gy, n. Study of lan- 
 guage as a science. 
 
 Phi-los'o-pher, n. One who 
 lives according to rules of 
 practical wisdom. 
 
 .Pho-net'ic, a . Representing 
 sounds. 
 
 Pho-nog'ra-phy, n. A system 
 of shorthand writing. 
 
 .Pho'to-graph. n. A picture ob- 
 tained by photography. 
 
 .Phrase, n. A brief expression, 
 sometimes a single word, but 
 usually two or more words. 
 
 .Phys'ic-al, a . Material, nat- 
 ural. 
 
 .Phy-sique', n. Physical struc- 
 ture of a person. 
 
 .Pic'nic, n . An excursion or 
 pleasure party. 
 
 .Pic-to'ri-al, a . Illustrated by 
 
 pictures 
 
 .Piddle, v. To deal in trifles; 
 to concern one’s self with un- 
 important matters. 
 
 .Piece, n. A fragment or part 
 of anything. 
 
 .Pier, n. A projecting wharf or 
 landing place. 
 
 •Pierce, v. To penetrate with a 
 pointed instrument. 
 
 .PPe-ty, n. Religion, sanctity, 
 devotion. 
 
 .Pigment, n. Material from 
 which dye or paint is prepared. 
 
 .Pike, n. A large, fresh- water 
 fish; a turnpike. 
 
 .Pile, n. A mass of things, a 
 heap. 
 
 .PiFfer, v. To steal little by 
 little. 
 
 .PiFlar, n. A pier, column, or 
 post. 
 
 . Pil low, n. A support for the 
 head of a person when repos- 
 ing. 
 
 .Pi lot, n. A guide, a director 
 of another. 
 
 .Pine, n. A kind of tree that 
 bears cones. 
 
 ..Pine, v. To waste away with 
 longing. 
 
 . .Pinion, n. A wing; a feather, 
 a quill. 
 
 . .PhTna-cle, n. A pointed sum- 
 mit. 
 
 . .Pi-o-neer', n. One who goes 
 before, preparing the way for 
 others. 
 
 . .Pi-que' (pe-k£), n . A cotton 
 fabric. 
 
 Pi'rate, n. A robber on the 
 high seas; an infringer of the 
 law of copyright. 
 
 .Pistil, n. The seed-bearing or- 
 gan of a flower. 
 
 .Pistol, n. The smallest fire- 
 arm used. 
 
 .Pitcher, n. A wide-mouthed, 
 deep vessel with a spout and a 
 handle; a ball player who de- 
 livers the ball to the batsman. 
 
 .Pith, n. Vital or essential part; 
 vigor, strength. 
 
 .Pit'i-ful, a. Full of pity, ten- 
 der-hearted. 
 
 .Pittance, n. A meager por- 
 tion. 
 
 .Pitfy, n. Compassion, mercy, 
 sympathy with the grief or 
 misery of another. 
 
 .Pla / cate, v . To appease, pac- 
 ify- 
 
 .Place, n. Situation, position, 
 office, locality, function. 
 
 .Pla'gia-rize, v. To steal from 
 the writings of another. 
 
 .Plague, n. A calamity; a pes 
 tilence. 
 
 .Plain, a . Evident, manifest, 
 clear, unmistakable. 
 
 .Plain, n. A broad stretch of 
 land with an even surface. 
 
 .Plaintiff, n. One who com- 
 mences a lawsuit. 
 
 .Plan, n . A scheme, project, de 
 sign. 
 
 .Plane, n. A surface without 
 curvature; a tool of carpen- 
 try. 
 
 .Placet, n. A celestial body 
 which revolves about the 
 sun. 
 
 , .plant, n. A vegetable; appara- 
 tus and machinery employed 
 in carrying on a trade or me- 
 chanical business. 
 
 , .Plastic, a. Capable of being 
 molded or formed. 
 
 ..Plat, n. A small piece or plot 
 of ground. 
 
 ..Plat (plat), v. To interweave 
 the strands or locks of. 
 
 . .Plat'i-tude, n. A flat or trite 
 remark or thought. 
 
 . .Plau / dit, n. Acclamation, ap- 
 plause. 
 
 . .Play, v. To frolic; to act on the 
 stage. 
 
 . .Plea? n. That which is alleged 
 in support of a cause; an ur- 
 gent entreaty. 
 
DRAUGHON’S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 53 
 
 .Plead (imp. pleaded), v. To 
 argue in support or in defense. 
 
 .Pleas'ant, a. Cheerful, enliv- 
 ening, agreeable. 
 
 .Please* v. To give pleasure to, 
 to make glad. 
 
 .Pleasure, n. Enjoyment, sat- 
 isfaction, comfort. 
 
 .Ple-be'ian, n. One of the com- 
 mon people. 
 
 .Pledge, n. Transfer of posses- 
 sion of personal property as 
 security for debt? a promise. 
 
 .Plen'ti-ful, a. Copious, abun- 
 dant, ample. 
 
 .Pli / ant, a . Flexible, limber, 
 
 plastic. 
 
 .Plod, v . To toil, to drudge; to 
 travel slowly, but steadily. 
 
 .Plot, n. A small extent of 
 ground; a conspiracy, an in- 
 trigue. 
 
 Plow, v . To turn up, break up, 
 or trench with a plow. 
 
 Pluck ? n. Spirit, courage, res- 
 olution. 
 
 Pluck, v . To pluck; to strip of 
 feathers. 
 
 .Plum, n . An edible fruit con- 
 taining a stone with a kernel. 
 
 Plumb, a. Perpendicular, ver- 
 tical. 
 
 .Plunder, v. To rob, to pil- 
 lage. 
 
 .Plunge, v. To thrust into wa- 
 ter or any penetrable sub- 
 stance. 
 
 .Plural, a. Relating to or con- 
 taining more than one. 
 
 .Plus, a. More; required to be 
 added. 
 
 .Ply, v. To urge, to press upon; 
 to go back and forth. 
 
 .Pneu-matTc, a . Moved or 
 worked by the pressure or 
 flow of air. 
 
 .Po'et-ry, n. Imaginative lan- 
 guage or composition. 
 
 .Poise, v. To balance; to be bal- 
 anced or suspended. 
 
 .Pole, n. A long, slender piece 
 of wood. 
 
 .Po-lice'man, n . An officer of a 
 municipality. 
 
 .PoFi-cy, n. Method, system of 
 management; wisdom, pru- 
 dence. 
 
 .Po-lite^a. Courteous, obliging, 
 genteel. 
 
 .PoFi-tics, n. The science of 
 government. 
 
 ..Poll, n . A list of individuals; 
 
 pi. a place where votes are 
 cast. 
 
 Pol-lute'. v. To defile, corrupt, 
 
 debaucn. 
 
 Po-lyg'a-my, n. The having of 
 
 a plurality of wives or hus- 
 bands at the same time. 
 
 Pomp, n. Show of magnifi- 
 cence. 
 
 Ponder, v . To weigh in the 
 
 mind. 
 
 Pon / der-ous, a. Heavy; impor- 
 tant. 
 
 Pool, n . A small collection of 
 
 water; a game; an aggregation 
 of properties or rights be- 
 longing to different persons. 
 
 Poor, a . Needy, destitute of 
 
 property; of little value. 
 
 Pop'u-lace, n. The common 
 
 people. 
 
 Popular, a. Beloved or ap- 
 proved by the people. 
 
 Pop-u-la'tion, n . The whole 
 
 number of people in a country, 
 State, etc. 
 
 Pore, n. An orifice in a mem- 
 brane for transpiration, ab- 
 sorption, etc. 
 
 Port, n. A wine; a harbor, a 
 
 haven. 
 
 Por-tend', v. To foreshow, to 
 
 foretoken. 
 
 Portion, n. Division, share, 
 
 quantity. 
 
 Por-tray / , v. To draw the like- 
 ness of; to describe in words. 
 
 Po-si'tion, n. Attitude, condi- 
 tion, situation. 
 
 PosT-tive, a . Real, actual, in- 
 disputable; confident, cer- 
 tain. 
 
 Pos-sess', v. To have and to 
 
 hold. 
 
 ..Pos'si-ble, a. Likely; capable 
 
 of being done. 
 
 Post, v. To carry, as an ac- 
 count, from the journal to the 
 ledger. 
 
 Pos-te'ri-or, a. Coming after; 
 
 situated behind. 
 
 Pos-terT-ty, n. Succeeding 
 
 generations. 
 
 Post'hu-mous, a. Born after 
 
 death of father; published aft- 
 er death of author. 
 
 Posting, n. The act of trans- 
 ferring an account. 
 
 Post-mor'tem, a . After 
 
 death. 
 
54 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Post-pone 7 , v. To defer, to de- 
 lay. 
 
 Postscript, n. A paragraph 
 added to a letter. 
 
 Po 7 tent, a. Powerful, mighty, 
 strong. 
 
 Pour, v . To cause to flow in a 
 stream. 
 
 Pow 7 er, n. Ability, might, in- 
 fluence, dominion. 
 ,Prac 7 ti-ca-ble, a. Capable of 
 being accomplished with 
 available means or resources. 
 .Prac 7 ti-cal, a. Capable of be- 
 ing turned to use or ac- 
 count. 
 
 .Practice, n. Habitual per- 
 formance, custom, usage. 
 .PraPrie, n. An extensive tract 
 of level or rolling land desti- 
 tute of trees. 
 
 .Praise, v. To commend, to ap- 
 plaud. 
 
 .Prate, v. To speak foolishly, 
 to chatter. 
 
 .Prayer, n. Earnest request or 
 entreaty; petition, supplica- 
 tion; suit. 
 
 .Preacher, n. One who dis- 
 courses publicly on religious 
 subjects. 
 
 .Pre 7 am-Me, n. An introduc- 
 tory portion. 
 
 .Pre-cede 7 , v. To go before in 
 order of time. 
 
 .Pre- ced 7 ent, a . Preceding, an- 
 terior. 
 
 .Precedent, n . An authorita- 
 tive example. 
 
 ........ .Precinct, n. A district within 
 
 certain boundaries. 
 
 **.*.... Previous, a. Costly; of great 
 value. 
 
 a .... . .PrecT-pice, n. A very steep 
 
 place. 
 
 Pre-cip 7 i-tate, v. To cause to 
 
 happen too soon. 
 
 Pre-cise 7 , a . Definite, exact, 
 
 nice. 
 
 Pred-e-ces 7 sor ? n. One who 
 
 precedes another in any state, 
 position, etc. 
 
 .Predicate, v. To affirm one 
 thing of another. 
 
 a....... Pre-diet 7 , v. To foretell, 
 
 prophesy. 
 
 Pre-dom 7 i-nant, a . Superior; 
 
 prevailing. 
 
 Prejudice, n. An opinion or 
 judgment formed without due 
 examination. 
 
 Pre-lim 7 i-na-ry, a. Introduo 
 
 tory, preparatory. 
 
 Premise, n . A piece of reaa 
 
 estate; a condition; a suppo- 
 sition. 
 
 Pre-mise 7 , v. To set forth as 
 
 introductory to the main sub- 
 ject. 
 
 Pre 7 mi-um, n. Reward, recom- 
 pense; a sum additional to the 
 par value of anything. 
 
 Pre-pare 7 , v. To fit, adjust, 
 
 qualify, adapt, equip. 
 
 Pre-pon 7 der-ance, n . Supe* 
 
 riority or excess of weight, 
 influence, power, etc. 
 
 Pre-pos-ses^sion, n . Prior pos- 
 session; bent, bias, etc. 
 
 Pre-rog 7 a-tive, n. Privilege 
 
 right. 
 
 Pre 7 sage, v. To foreknow, to 
 
 foretell. 
 
 Pre-scribe 7 , v. To appoint, 01 r 
 
 der, dictate, ordain. 
 
 .Pres 7 ent, n. The present timw* 
 
 a gift. 
 
 Pre- sent 7 , v. To introduce; to 
 
 bestow. 
 
 Pre-sen 7 ti-ment, n. Anticipa- 
 tion of evil. 
 
 Pre-sent 7 ment, n. Notice taken 
 
 by a grand jury of any offense j 
 an indictment. 
 
 Pre- serve 7 , v. To keep, secure, 
 
 uphold, sustain. 
 
 Pres 7 i-dent, n. Chief officer of 
 
 a corporation, institution, etc. 
 
 Pre-sume 7 , v. To take for 
 
 granted; to infer. 
 
 ....... .Pre-tend 7 , v. To make a claim, 
 
 truly or falsely. 
 
 ........ Pre -tension, n. The act of 
 
 pretending. 
 
 ........ Pre-ten 7 tious, a. Disposed to 
 
 lay claim to more than is one’s 
 due. 
 
 Pre-vail 7 , v. To overcome; to 
 
 be in force. 
 
 .Pre-vent 7 , v. To hinder, to 
 
 frustrate. 
 
 .Prey (pra), n. Booty, plunder; 
 
 that which is or may be seized 
 by animals to be devoured. 
 
 ....... .Price, n. The sum at which a 
 
 thing is valued. 
 
 Pri 7 ma-ry, a . Primitive, origi- 
 nal, first. 
 
 Prin 7 ci-pal, a . Chief, main; 
 
 highest in rank, etc. 
 
 .Prin 7 ci-ple, n. A fundamental 
 
 truth; a settled rule of action. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 55 
 
 ....... .Private, a. Secret, secluded; 
 
 personal. 
 
 .Priv 7 i-lege, n. Peculiar benefit, 
 
 advantage, favor. 
 
 ..Prob 7 a-ble, a. Supported by 
 
 evidence; likely. 
 
 .Probe, v. To search to the bot- 
 tom. 
 
 Pro-ceed 7 , v. To move, pass, 
 
 or go forward. 
 
 Process, n. Course of pro- 
 ceedings in a suit; a series of 
 actions, motions, or occur- 
 rences. 
 
 Pro-claim 7 , v. To make known 
 
 abroad. 
 
 Pro-cure 7 , v. To gain, get; to 
 
 bring about. 
 
 Prod 7 uct, n. Anything that is 
 
 produced. 
 
 ...Pro-fess 7 , v. To make open 
 
 declaration of. 
 
 Pro-fi 7 cient, a / Well-skilled, 
 
 versed. 
 
 Prof 7 it, n. Acquisition beyond 
 
 expenditure; benefit, gain. 
 
 Programme, n . Outline of or- 
 der to be pursued. 
 
 Pro-gress 7 , v. To advance*, to 
 
 make improvement. 
 
 Progress, n. A going forward 
 
 or onward, an advance. 
 
 Pro-hib 7 it, v . To forbid; to 
 
 prevent. 
 
 Prom 7 i-nent, a . Conspicuous; 
 
 eminent. 
 
 . Promise, v. To engage to do, 
 
 give, make, or to refrain from 
 doing, etc. 
 
 »» •••.•* Prone, a. Inclined, disposed; 
 prostrate, fiat. 
 
 *,.•••• .Pro-nounce 7 , v. To speak out 
 or distinctly; to utter official- 
 ly or solemnly. 
 
 .**.*... Prop a-gate, v. To multiply, 
 increase. 
 
 , . • * • . .Prop 7 er-ty, n. That to which a 
 person has a legal title. 
 
 • •••«•• a Propli 7 e-cy, n. A foretelling, a 
 
 prediction. 
 
 Pr oph 7 e-sy, v . To foretell, pr o 
 diet. 
 
 • c . o » * • .Pro=pi 7 tieus, a. Favorable, 
 
 kind. 
 
 e o o o ^ « oPro-por 7 tlou, n. Relation of 
 one portion to another; sym- 
 metry. 
 
 ooo.a-*. Prop -o - si 7 tioM , n. That which 
 is proposed; that which is of 
 fered for consideration^ ac- 
 ceptance. or adoption. 
 
 ........ Pro-pri 7 e-tor, n . An owner; 
 
 one having the legal right or 
 exclusive title to a thing. 
 
 Pro-rate 7 , v. To divide or dis- 
 tribute proportionally. 
 
 Pros 7 e-cute, v. To follow with 
 
 a view to accomplishment; to 
 proceed against Judicially. 
 
 Pros 7 pect, n. View, scene, out- 
 look. 
 
 Pros 7 per, v. To succeed; to 
 
 make gain. 
 
 Pros 7 trate, a. Stretched out, 
 
 lying in a humble or suppliant 
 posture. 
 
 Pro-tec 7 tion, n. Preservation, 
 
 defense, safety, security. 
 
 Pro-test 7 , v . To declare sol- 
 emnly. 
 
 ....... .Protest, n. A declaration in 
 
 writing, on behalf of the 
 holder of a bill or note, pro- 
 testing against all parties lia* 
 ble for damage or loss by the 
 nonacceptance or nonpay- 
 ment oi the bill or by the 
 nonpayment of the note. 
 
 Pro-tract 7 , v. To delay, to 
 
 lengthen in time, to prolong. 
 
 Proud, a . Arrogant, haughty, 
 
 lordly. 
 
 ....... .Prove, y. To try or to ascertain 
 
 by experiment; to test, con 
 firm, establish. 
 
 ....... .Pro-vide 7 , v. To afford, to con 
 
 tribute, to supply. 
 
 ....... >Pro«vi 7 so, n. A conditional 
 
 clause in a writing, agree 
 ment, contract, etc. 
 
 ...... , .Pro-voke 7 , v. To call forth; to 
 
 irritate, excite, anger. 
 
 ....... .Prox 7 i-mate, a . Next, nearest, 
 
 immediate. 
 
 Pru dent, a. Cautious, dis- 
 
 creet. 
 
 ....... .Pseu'do-nym, n. A fictitious 
 
 name. 
 
 . . . c . . e Psy-cliol 7 ©-gy, n. The science 
 of the human soul. 
 
 ......... Pufe'lic, n. The general body 
 
 of mankind. 
 
 ....... .Publish, v . To make known, 
 
 to print and issue. 
 
 o 6 uoe o..Pul 7 ver«ize, v. To reduce to 
 powder or dust. 
 
 . . o c . o . . Pune-tu-a 7 tion, n . The art oi 
 dividing literary matter into 
 sentences, etc., "by means of 
 punctuative points. 
 
 « , , . * o c . c Puuc 7 ture, To pierce wi fch & 
 
 small, pointed instrument 
 
66 
 
 dkaughon’s practical speller. 
 
 ....... .Punish, v . To correct, to dis- 
 cipline; to inflict a penalty 
 upon an offender. 
 
 Pu'pil, n. A learner; one un- 
 der the care of an instructor. 
 
 - ....... Purchase, v. To obtain by 
 
 any outlay. 
 
 ....... .Pu'ri-ty, n. Innocence, chas- 
 tity; cleanness. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quaff 9 v. To drink with relish; 
 
 to swallow in large draughts. 
 
 ........Quail, v . To cower, flinch, 
 
 shrink. 
 
 Quail, n . A bobwhite, a par- 
 tridge. 
 
 Quaint, a . Curious, odd, sin- 
 gular. 
 
 * Qu ake , v. To shudder, to trem- 
 
 ble. 
 
 Qual-i-fl-ca^ion, n. An ena- 
 bling quality or circumstance; 
 modification, restriction. 
 
 QuaFi-fy, v. To fit, equip, pre- 
 pare; to modify, soften, re- 
 strict. 
 
 * QuaFi-ty, n. Property, attri- 
 
 bute, peculiarity, character. 
 
 ........ Qualm, n . A scruple of con- 
 science. 
 
 * QuaiFti-ty,w. Measure, amount, 
 
 bulk, extent, size. 
 
 Quar an-tine, v. To compel to 
 
 remain at a distance when 
 suspected of haying conta- 
 gious disease. 
 
 Quarrel, n . Brawl, squabble, 
 
 affray, dispute. 
 
 * QuarVy, n . Object of the chase; 
 
 a pit whence stone is taken. 
 
 Quarter, v. To divide into 
 
 four equal parts; to have a 
 temporary residence. 
 
 ^ . Qnar-tet', n. A musical compo- 
 sition in four parts; the four 
 persons who execute such 
 composition. 
 
 Quash, v . To abate, annul, 
 
 overthrow. 
 
 * Qua'si, adv. As if, as though, 
 
 as it were. 
 
 Quaker* v. To tremble, to vi- 
 brate/ 
 
 .. Quay (ke), n. A bank or wharf 
 
 formed toward the sea or at 
 the side of a harbor, river, etc, 
 .Queen, n . Wife of a king; a 
 woman sovereign of a king- 
 dom. 
 
 .Purpose, n. View, aim, de. 
 sign. 
 
 .Pur-sue', v . To follow, seek, 
 persist; to be engaged in; to 
 persecute. 
 
 Puzzle, v . To perplex, to con- 
 fuse. 
 
 Pyg'my, n. A dwarf; an insig- 
 nificant person. 
 
 Queenly, a. Becoming, or like, 
 
 a queen. 
 
 Queer, a . Mysterious, suspi- 
 cious, odd, singular. 
 
 Quell, v. To overpower, to 
 subdue, to put down. 
 
 Quench, v. To extinguish, still, 
 
 cool, check. 
 
 Querist, n. One who ask» 
 
 questions. 
 
 Quer'u-lous, a. Murmuring, 
 
 whining, complaining. 
 
 Que'ry, n. A question, an in 
 
 quiry. 
 
 Quest, n . Search, pursuit; at* 
 
 tempt to find or obtain. 
 
 Question, n. Act of asking; 
 
 discussion, debate; objection, 
 dispute. 
 
 Ques'tion-a-ble, a. Subject tc 
 
 be doubted, debatable, uncer 
 tain. 
 
 Queue (ku), n. A tail-like ap 
 
 pend age of hair. 
 
 QuitFble, v. To cavil, equiva 
 
 cate, trifle. 
 
 Quick, a . Alive, living; speedy, 
 
 hasty, swift. 
 
 Quicken, v. To make alive; to 
 
 stimulate, to impart energy to. 
 
 Quick'-wit-ted, a . Having 
 
 ready wit. 
 
 Quid, n. A portion suitable to 
 
 be chewed. 
 
 Quidnunc, n. One who is cu- 
 rious to know everything that 
 passes. 
 
 ..Qui-es'cent, a . Quiet, dormant, 
 
 resting. 
 
 / et, a. Still, calm, unruffled, 
 
 mild, peaceful. 
 
 Q ni -e'tus,, n. Final discharge 
 
 or acquittance. 
 
 Quill, n. One of the large 
 
 feathers of a bird’s wing. 
 
 Quilt, n. A bed cover or a gai> 
 
 ment made by quilting. 
 
 ...... .QuFnine (kwFnln), n. A medF 
 
 cine. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 57 
 
 .Quinsy, n. An inflammation 
 of the throat. 
 
 .Quin-tes'sence, n. An extract 
 from anything containing its 
 subtlest and most essential 
 constituent in small quanti- 
 ty. 
 
 .Quin-tet', n. A musical compo- 
 sition for five persons; the set 
 of five persons who sing or 
 play such composition. 
 
 .Quip, n. A sharp, sarcastic 
 turn or jest. 
 
 .Quire, n. Twenty-four sheets 
 of paper. 
 
 .Quirk, n. A sudden turn; an 
 evasion or subterfuge. 
 
 Quit, v . To absolve, to acquit; 
 to have done with, to cease 
 from, to stop. 
 
 Quitclaim, n . A release or re- 
 linquishment of a claim. 
 
 Quite, adv. Completely, wholly, 
 entirely. 
 
 Quiy'er, v. To shudder, to 
 shiver. 
 
 Qui vive / (ke v^v 7 ). To be on 
 the qui vive: To be on the 
 alert, to be watchful. 
 
 Rab'bi, n. Master, lord, teach- 
 er. 
 
 * Rabble, n. A tumultuous 
 
 crowd; a confused discourse. 
 
 Rab'id, a. Furious, violent ; u n- 
 
 reasonable or fanatical in 
 opinion. 
 
 Race, n. Descendants of a 
 
 common ancestor; career, 
 course of life; contest of 
 speed. 
 
 * . .Rack, n. An engine of torture; 
 
 a fast walk. 
 
 Ra'cy, a . Tasting of the soil; 
 
 fresh and lively. 
 
 Ra'di-ance, n. Brilliancy, 
 splendor, glitter. 
 
 Ra / di-ate, v. To proceed in di- 
 rect lines from a point or sur- 
 face. 
 
 .Radical, a. Original, funda- 
 mental; unsparing, extreme. 
 
 * Raffle, n . A kind of lot- 
 
 tery. 
 
 *»•••... Raft, n. A collection of logs for 
 conveyance on the water. 
 «»«••• ..Rag, n . A tattered piece of 
 cloth. 
 
 **«... ..Rage, v. To be furious with 
 anger; to ravage. 
 
 Quix-ot'ic, a . Romantic to ex- 
 travagance. 
 
 Quiz, n. A riddle or obscure 
 uestion; an exercise con- 
 ucted as a coaching or as an 
 examination. 
 
 .Quondam, a. Having been 
 formerly; former. 
 
 .Quo'rum, n. Such number of 
 officers or members of a body 
 as are competent to transact 
 business. 
 
 , Quo'ta, n. A proportional part 
 or share. 
 
 Quote, v . To cite; to name as 
 authority for a statement; to 
 name current price of. 
 
 Quoth, v. Said, spoke, uttered 
 (used only in the first and third 
 persons in the past tenses, and 
 always followed by its nomi- 
 native). 
 
 Quotient, n. Number result- 
 ing from the division of one 
 number by another. 
 
 Quo war-ran'to, n. A writ to 
 inquire by what warrant a 
 person or a corporation exer- 
 cises certain powers. 
 
 Raid, n. An invasion for the 
 
 purpose of making ' arrests, 
 seizing property, etc. 
 
 Rail, n . A bar of timber or 
 
 metal. 
 
 RaiFler-y, n. Banter, jesting 
 
 language. 
 
 RaiFroad, ) n . A road consist- 
 
 >• ing of parallel iron 
 
 RaiFway, j or steel rails, with 
 
 all its rolling stock, lands, 
 etc. 
 
 RaFment, n. Clothing, gar- 
 
 ments. 
 
 Rain, n. Water falling in 
 
 drops from the clouds. 
 
 Raise, v. To cause to rise; to 
 
 heighten, to elevate; to cause 
 to grow. 
 
 . . . » . . . .RaFsin, n. A grape dried bj 
 the sun or artificially. 
 
 Rake, n. A toothed implement 
 
 for collecting hay, etc. ; a dis- 
 orderly, vicious man. 
 
 RaFly, v. To gather again, to 
 
 reunite; to recuperate; to re- 
 cover strength after decline in 
 prices. 
 
 ...... .Ram, n. 'The male of the sheep: 
 
 an engine of warfare. 
 
 yb. 
 
 
58 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Ramble* v. To rove, to wan- 
 der. 
 
 ...Ram 7 i-fy, v . To divide into 
 
 branches or subdivisions. 
 
 Rampant, a . Leaping, spring- 
 ing, rearing upon the hind 
 legs; raging, furious. 
 
 Ram 7 part, n. That which se- 
 cures safety. 
 
 Rancid, a. Having a rank 
 
 smell or taste, musty. 
 
 Rancor, n. Malignity, spite, 
 
 ill will. 
 
 Random, n. A roving motion; 
 
 want of direction, rule, or 
 method. 
 
 «... Range, v. To set in a row; to 
 
 rove over or through. 
 
 ....... .Rank, a. Of vigorous growth; 
 
 violent, extreme; musty. 
 
 Rank, n. Grade or standing; 
 
 distinction; permanent social 
 class. 
 
 Ran sack, v. To search thor- 
 oughly. 
 
 Random, n. Price paid for the 
 
 release of one in captivity; re- 
 demption. 
 
 Rant, v. To rave in extrav- 
 agant language. 
 
 Rap, v . To knock; to strike 
 
 with a quick, sharp blow. 
 
 Ra-pa 7 eious, a. Avaricious, 
 
 grasping. 
 
 Rape, n. Act of seizing and 
 
 carrying away by force; forci- 
 ble sexual intercourse. 
 
 .RapTd, a. V ery swift or quick; 
 
 quick in execution. 
 
 o . « . , . . .Rapt, a. Transported with de- 
 light, etc. 
 
 Rapture, n. Ecstasy, extreme 
 
 joy or pleasure. 
 
 Rare, a. Scarce, infrequent, 
 unusual, extraordinary. 
 
 .Rar / e-fy, v. To make thin, por- 
 ous, or less dense. 
 
 Rascal, n . A scoundrel, a 
 
 trickster. 
 
 ....... .Rash, a . Overhasty, precipi- 
 
 ta ce. 
 
 ...Rasp, v . To offend by coarse 
 
 or rough treatment or lan- 
 guage. 
 
 3 oee....Rat / a-Me, a. Liable to taxa- 
 tion; capable of being rated. 
 
 late, n, Valuation, charge; 
 
 degree, standard, ratio, pro- 
 portion. 
 
 ,0000... Rather, adv. Preferably; on 
 the other hand. 
 
 Rat 7 i-fy, v. To approve, sanc- 
 tion; to make valid. 
 
 Ra 7 ti-o, n. Relation which one 
 quantity has to another of the 
 same kind. 
 
 Ration, n. An allowance, an 
 allotment. 
 
 .Ra'tion-al, a. Endowed with 
 reason; wise, judicious. 
 
 .Rat-tan 7 , n. A slender, flexible 
 stem of a palm. 
 
 .Rav / age, v. To despoil, pillage, 
 plunder. 
 
 .Rave, v . To wander in mind; 
 to talk with unreasonable en- 
 thusiasm. 
 
 .Rav 7 el, v. To untwist, to dis- 
 entangle. 
 
 .Rav 7 en-ous, a. Eager for prey 
 or gratification. 
 
 .Ra-vine 7 , n. A gorge, a deep 
 and narrow hollow. 
 
 .Rav 7 ish, v. To transport, en- 
 trance; to violate, deflour. 
 
 .Raw, a . Unripe, unseasoned; 
 inexperienced, untried. 
 
 .Ray, n. One of a number of 
 lines diverging from a com- 
 mon center. 
 
 .Raze, v . To lay level with the 
 ground. 
 
 .Ra 7 zor, n. A keen-edged knife 
 used in shaving the hair from 
 the face. 
 
 .Re°ac 7 tion, n. Reverse action; 
 movement in a contrary direc- 
 tion. 
 
 .Road, v . To peruse; to com* 
 prehend. 
 
 ,Ee-ad-just 7 9 v. To adjust or 
 settle again. 
 
 .Read 7 y 9 a. Prepared, prompt, 
 dexterous, apt, skillful, 
 
 .Re 7 ai, a. True, genuine; not 
 fictitious or imaginary. 
 
 .Re-aFi-ty, n . That which is 
 real; fact. 
 
 .Re 7 al-ize, v. To effectuate, to 
 accomplish; to get, to gain. 
 
 .Realm, n. Province, region, 
 country. 
 
 .Re 7 al4y, n. Real estate, a piece 
 of real property. 
 
 .Reap, v. To gather a harvest; 
 to obtain. 
 
 .Rear, a . Hindmost; being be- 
 hind, or last in order. 
 
 ..Rear, v. To lift lip, to erect; 
 to bring to maturity. 
 
 , .Rea 7 son, n. Motive, argument? 
 ground; object, purpose. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 59 
 
 Rea 7 son-a-ble, a . Rational, 
 
 just, fair, moderate. 
 
 ....... .Re-bate 7 , v. To deduct from, 
 
 to make a discount from. 
 
 Reb 7 el, n. A revolter, an in- 
 surgent. 
 
 ........ Re-bel 7 , v. To be disobedient 
 
 to authority, to revolt. 
 
 Re-buke 7 , v. To check or si- 
 lence with reproof. 
 
 Re-but 7 ,v. To contradict, meet, 
 
 or oppose by argument, etc. 
 
 Re-cant 7 , v. To retract, recall, 
 
 revoke. 
 
 Re-ca-pit 7 n-late, v. To relate 
 
 in brief; to summarize. 
 
 * Re-cap 7 ture, n. The act of re- 
 
 taking or recovering by cap- 
 ture. 
 
 ....... .Re-cede 7 , v. To retire, retreat, 
 
 withdraw. 
 
 Re-ceipt 7 , n. An acknowledg- 
 ment of money paid or goods 
 delivered. < 
 
 Re-ceiv 7 er, n. One appointed 
 
 to receive and hold in trust 
 money or other property 
 pending litigation or settle- 
 ment. 
 
 * ..Re 7 cent, a. Fresh, new, mod- 
 
 ern. 
 
 Re-cep 7 ta-cle, n. That which 
 
 is used for receiving and con- 
 taining something. 
 
 Re-cep 7 tion, n. The act or 
 
 manner of receiving. 
 
 , Re-cess 7 , n. Retreat; suspen- 
 
 sion of business, court, legis- 
 lative body, or school; an al- 
 cove, a niche. 
 
 «*«.... .Rec 7 i-pe, n . A prescription for 
 making some combination, 
 mixture, or preparation of 
 material. 
 
 Re-cip 7 i-ent, n. A receiver; 
 
 one to whom something is 
 given or communicated. 
 
 Re-cip 7 ro-cal, a . Given and 
 
 received. 
 
 ...... .Re-cit 7 al, n. Narration, de- 
 scription, explanation, enu- 
 meration. 
 
 ......... Reck 7 ©!!, v. To count, com- 
 
 pute, estimate, value, esteem. 
 
 Re -claim 7 , v. To call back; to 
 
 reform, restore, correct. 
 
 • „ ... .Re -cline 7 , v. To assume a re- 
 
 cumbent position, 
 
 • Re-clnse 7 , n. A person who 
 
 lives in seclusion from the 
 world. 
 
 Rec 7 og-nize, v. To know again; 
 
 to acknowledge, avow, con- 
 fess. 
 
 Re-coil 7 , v. To draw back, to 
 
 shrink. 
 
 Rec-ol-lect 7 , v. To remember; 
 
 to recover self-command. 
 
 Rec-om-mend 7 , v. To commend 
 
 to the favorable notice of. 
 
 .Rec 7 om-pense, v. To repay, re- 
 quite, compensate. 
 
 ........ Rec 7 on-cile, v. To restore to 
 
 friendship; to make consistent. 
 
 Rec-on-noi 7 ter, v. To make 
 
 preliminary examination or 
 survey of. 
 
 , „ „ . . .Re-cord 7 , v. To write or enter 
 in a book for the purpose of 
 preserving authentic evidence 
 of. 
 
 Rec 7 ord, n. A writing by which 
 
 acts or events are recorded; 
 the known facts in the course 
 of anything, as in the life of a 
 public man. 
 
 Re-cov 7 er, v. To cover again; 
 
 to put a new cover on. 
 
 Re-cov 7 er, v. To get or obtain 
 
 again; to obtain a judgment; 
 to regain health. 
 
 Rec 7 re-aiit, a . False, unfaith- 
 ful. 
 
 Re-cre-ate 7 , v. To create or 
 
 form anew. 
 
 Rec 7 re-ate, v. To cheer, to di- 
 vert, to amuse. 
 
 Re-criui-i-na 7 tion, n. Accusa- 
 tion by the accused against 
 the accuser. 
 
 Re-cruit 7 . v. To renew in 
 
 strength or health; to supply 
 with new men. 
 
 Rec 7 ti-fy, v. To make or set 
 
 right. * 
 
 Rec 7 ti-tude, n. Uprightness, 
 
 integrity, honesty. 
 
 Re-cum 7 bent, a. Leaning, re- 
 clining. 
 
 Re-cu 7 per-ate ? v. To recover 
 
 health, regain strength. 
 
 Re-cur 7 , v. To return again or 
 
 repeatedly; to occur at a stated 
 interval. 
 
 Re«dac 7 tor, n. One who pre- 
 pares matter for publication. 
 
 . * Re-deeni 7 , v. To repurchase; 
 
 to ransom, liberate, or rescue. 
 
 .Red 7 o*!ent, a. Scented, oaor- 
 
 G7 c \ 
 
 ....... .Re-doimd 7 , v. To flow back as 
 
 a consequence or effect. 
 
60 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Re- dress 7 , v. To make amends 
 or compensation. 
 
 Re-duce 7 , v . To bring to an in- 
 ferior state; to humble; to di- 
 minish, to lower. 
 
 t Re-dun 7 dance, n. Superfluity, 
 excess, surplusage. 
 
 .Reed, n. A tall, slender grass, 
 or grasslike plant. 
 
 .Reek, v. To emit vapor; to 
 steam, to smoke. 
 
 .Reel, n. A spool, turning on 
 an axis, for winding thread, 
 etc. 
 
 .Reel, v. To stagger; to be 
 giddy. 
 
 .Re-en-force 7 , v. To strengthen 
 with new force. 
 
 .Re-fer 7 , v. To allude, advert, 
 suggest, appeal. 
 
 .Ref-er-en 7 dum, n. The right to 
 approve or reject by popular 
 vote a measure passed upon 
 by a legislative body. 
 
 .Re-fine 7 , v. To purify, polish; 
 to ennoble. 
 
 .Re-fined 7 , a . Cultured, deli- 
 cate. 
 
 .Re-flect 7 , v. To throw back, to 
 mirror; to consider, meditate; 
 to cast reproach. 
 
 .Re-fiec 7 tion, n . Return of rays, 
 beams, etc.; meditation, con- 
 templation; censure. 
 
 .Re 7 flex, a. Produced in reac- 
 tion. 
 
 .Re-form 7 , v. To give a new 
 form to, to form anew. 
 
 .Re-form 7 , v. To amend, cor- 
 rect, rectify. 
 
 .Re-form 7 er, n. One who effects 
 a reformation; one who urges 
 reform. 
 
 .Re-frac 7 to-ry, a . Stubborn, un- 
 manageable. 
 
 . Re -f rain 7 , v . To abstain, to 
 forbear. 
 
 .Re-frain 7 , n. The burden of a 
 
 song. 
 
 ..Re-fresh 7 , v. To cool, invigo- 
 rate, revive. 
 
 , .Re-frig 7 er-a-tor, n. An appa- 
 ratus for cooling liquids, etc. 
 
 . .Ref 7 nge, n. Shelter or protec- 
 tion from danger or distress. 
 
 . .Re-ful 7 gent, a . Radiant, bril- 
 liant. 
 
 . .Re-fund 7 , v. To fund again; to 
 repay, to restore. 
 
 . .Re-fuse 7 , v. To decline to do 
 or grant; to reject. 
 
 Ref 7 nse, n. Waste or worthies! 
 
 matter. 
 
 ....... Re-fute 7 , v. To disprove, to 
 
 prove to be false. 
 
 Re 7 gal, a. Pertaining to a king; 
 
 kingly, royal. 
 
 ....... Re-gale 7 , v. To entertain, grat- 
 ify, refresh. 
 
 Re-gard 7 , v . To view; to care 
 
 for, to esteem. 
 
 Re-gen 7 er-ate, v. To give new 
 
 life, strength, or vigor to; to 
 convert from sin to holiness. 
 
 Regime 7 (rd-zhem 7 ), n. Char- 
 acter of government or of the 
 prevailing social system. 
 
 Reg 7 i-men, n. Orderly govern 
 
 ment; a course of diet. 
 
 Reg 7 i-ment, n. A body of men, 
 
 either horse, foot, or artillery, 
 commanded by a colonel, and 
 composed, usually, of ten 
 companies. 
 
 Re 7 gion, n. Province, district, 
 
 tract. 
 
 .Reg 7 is-ter, n. A written ac* 
 
 count or entry; one who reg 
 isters or records. 
 
 Reg 7 is-trar, n. A keeper ot 
 
 records. 
 
 ....... .Reg 7 naiit, a . Ruling, predom 
 
 inant. 
 
 Re-gret 7 , n . Concern, grief, re 
 
 pentance. 
 
 Reg 7 u-lar, a . Conformed to s 
 
 rule; orderly, methodical. 
 
 Reg 7 u-late, v. To adjust, dis- 
 pose, direct, govern. 
 
 Re-lia-MFi-tate, v. To restore 
 
 to a former capacity. 
 
 Re-hearse 7 , v. To recite, de* 
 
 tail, describe, relate. 
 
 Reign, v. To rule, govern, pre- 
 vail. 
 
 Re-im-burse 7 , v. To pay back 
 
 to, to indemnify. 
 
 Rein, v. To restrain, control; 
 
 to govern or direct with reins. 
 
 Re-in-state 7 , v. To restore to 
 a state from which one had 
 been removed. 
 
 ........ Re-it 7 er-ate, v. To repeat 
 
 again and again. 
 
 Re-ject 7 , v . To repel, refuse, 
 
 renounce, discard. 
 
 Re-joice 7 , v. To delight, exult, 
 triumph. 
 
 Re-join 7 , v. To join again; to 
 state in reply. 
 
 Re-join 7 der, n. IT My, ans 1 >er. 
 replication. r 
 
61 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 ,...Re-ju 7 ve-nate, v. To make 
 young again. 
 
 , , . .Re-lapse 7 , n. A sliding or fall- 
 ing oack. 
 
 Re-late 7 , v. To tell, recite; to 
 
 pertain, refer. 
 
 i . . . Rel 7 a-tiye , n. A person connect- 
 ed by blood or affinity; a word 
 which relates to another word, 
 
 , . . .Re-lax 7 , v . To slacken, loosen; 
 to abate, mitigate. 
 
 , . . .Re-lease 7 , v. To free, liberate, 
 loose. 
 
 , . . .Re-lent 7 , v. To become less se- 
 vere. 
 
 . . .Rel 7 e-vant, a. Pertinent, ap- 
 plicable. 
 
 . . .Re-li 7 a-ble, a. Trustworthy, 
 worthy oi dependence or reli- 
 ance. 
 
 . . .Rel 7 ic, n. A remaining portion; 
 a memorial. 
 
 ...Rel 7 ict, n. A woman whose 
 husband is dead. 
 
 . . . Re-lie ve 7 , v. To alleviate, help, 
 remedy, free. 
 
 . . .Re-li 7 gious, a . Pious, godly, 
 devout. 
 
 ...Re-lin 7 quish, v. To quit, for- 
 sake, abandon. 
 
 • . .Rel 7 ish, v. To taste or eat with 
 pleasure. 
 
 • . .Re-luc 7 tant, a . Averse, un- 
 willing, disinclined. 
 
 ...Re-ly 7 , v . To trust, depend, 
 confide. 
 
 . . .Re-main 7 , v. To stay, continue, 
 tarry. 
 
 . . .Re-main 7 der-man, n. One who 
 has an estate after a particu- 
 lar estate is determined. 
 
 . . .Re-mand 7 , v. To recommit; to 
 send back. 
 
 ...Re-mark 7 , n. Observation, 
 note, comment. 
 
 . . .Re-mark 7 a-Me, a . Extraordi- 
 nary, uncommon. 
 
 . ..Rem 7 e-dy, n. A corrective, a 
 cure. 
 
 ...Re-mem^rance, n. Power of 
 remembering; recollection. 
 
 . . .Re-mind 7 er, n. That which 
 serves to awaken remem- 
 brance. 
 
 . . . Rem-i-nis<cence, n . A recollec- 
 tion, memory. 
 
 ...Re-miss 7 , a. Negligent, care- 
 less. 
 
 . . .Re-mis 7 sion, n. Discharge from 
 that which is due; pardon of 
 transgression. 
 
 . . . .Re-mit 7 ? v. To pardon; to make 
 a remittance. 
 
 . . . .Re-mit 7 tance, n. Money trans- 
 mitted in payment of a debt. 
 
 . . . .Rem 7 nant, n. Residue, re- 
 mainder; a fragment. 
 
 . . . .Re-mon 7 strate, v. To urge rea- 
 sons in opposition to. 
 
 ....Re-morse 7 , n. Regret, grief; 
 compunction. 
 
 Re-mote 7 , a. Distant; not 
 
 agreeing. 
 
 Re-mu 7 ner-ate, v. To reward, 
 
 compensate, satisfy. 
 
 . . . .Ren 7 der, v . To restore; to fur- 
 nish, state, deliver. _ 
 
 . . . .Ren 7 dez-vous (rgn 7 dg-voo), n. A 
 customary place of meeting. 
 
 ....Re-new 7 , v. To give new life 
 to; to make again, as a note. 
 
 . . . .Re-nounce 7 , v. To cast off, dis- 
 own, disclaim, forsake. 
 
 Re-nown 7 , n. Fame, celebrity, 
 
 exalted reputation. 
 
 . . . .Rent, n. Compensation for the 
 use of lands, houses, certain 
 personal chattels, etc. 
 
 ....Re-pair 7 , v. To betake one’s 
 self; to mend, restore, recover, 
 renew. 
 
 . ...Rep 7 a-ra-ble, a. Restorable; 
 capable of being repaired. 
 
 . . . .Rep-a-ra 7 tion, n. Restoration, 
 restitution. 
 
 . . . .Rep-ar-tee 7 , n. Ready, witty 
 reply. 
 
 ....Re-peal 7 , v. To abolish, re- 
 voke, annul. 
 
 , . . .Re-pel 7 , v . To resist, oppose, 
 repulse. 
 
 — Re-pent 7 , v. To regret what 
 one has done or omitted to do. 
 
 , . . .Re-pine 7 , v . To murmur, com- 
 plain. 
 
 ... Re-plen 7 ish, v. To stock anew; 
 to cause to abound. 
 
 . . ,Re-plev 7 in, n. A personal ac 
 tion to recover goods and 
 chattels wrongfully taken or 
 detained. 
 
 . . .Re-port 7 er, n. A gatherer oi 
 pews; one who makes author- 
 ized statements of law pro- 
 ceedings and decisions. 
 
 ...Re-pose 7 , v. To lie at rest; to 
 intrust. 
 
 ...Rep-re-hen 7 si-ble, a . Blama- 
 bie, censurable. 
 
 . . . Rep-re-sent 7 , v. To exhibit the 
 counterpart or image of; to 
 stand in the place of. 
 
62 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 • Rep-re-sent 7 a-tive, n. One 
 
 who, or that which, repre- 
 sents anything; an agent, 
 deputy, or substitute. 
 
 Re-press 7 , v . To crush, subdue; 
 
 to restrain, curb. 
 
 • Re-prieve 7 , v. To suspend the 
 
 execution of sentence on. 
 
 Rep 7 ri-mand, n. Severe re- 
 proof. 
 
 Re-proach 7 , v. To upbraid, 
 
 censure, blame. 
 
 U Rep 7 ro-bate, n. One morally 
 
 abandoned. 
 
 Re-prove 7 , v. To rebuke, to 
 
 scold. 
 
 Re»pub 7 lie, n. A common- 
 wealth. 
 
 Re-pu 7 di-ate, v. To reject; to 
 
 put away, discard, divorce; 
 to disclaim. 
 
 Re-pug 7 nant, a. Adverse, con- 
 trary. 
 
 Re-puFsive, a. Cold, forbid- 
 ding, offensive. 
 
 Rep-u4a 7 tion, n. Estimation 
 
 in which one is held. 
 
 Re-quest 7 , n. Solicitation, 
 
 prayer, entreaty. 
 
 Re-quire', v. To claim, exact, 
 
 enjoin, order, direct; to need. 
 
 Requi-site, n. Something in- 
 dispensable. 
 
 Eeq-ui-sFtion, n. Formal de- 
 mand by one government 
 upon another for the surren- 
 der of a fugitive from jus- 
 tice. 
 
 Re-quite 7 , v. To repay, reward; 
 
 to punish, revenge. 
 
 Re-scind 7 , v. To revoke, va- 
 cate, make void. 
 
 Res 7 cue, v. To free, deliver, 
 
 release, save. 
 
 Re-search 7 , n. Investigation, 
 
 examination. 
 
 Re-sem 7 blance, n. Likeness, 
 
 similarity. 
 
 Re-sent 7 , v. To express or ex- 
 hibit displeasure at. 
 
 Re-serve 7 , v. To keep back, to 
 
 retain. 
 
 * Re-served 7 , a. Kept for future 
 
 or special use; not free or 
 frank. 
 
 * Re-side 7 , v. To dwell, sojourn, 
 
 abide, remain. 
 
 Res 7 i-due, n. Remainder, bal- 
 ance, leavings. 
 
 Re-sign 7 r i;. To relinquish, sur- 
 render, quit, forsake. 
 
 Re-sist 7 , v. To withstand, op 
 
 pose, hinder. 
 
 Res 7 o-lute, a. Steadfast, con 
 
 stant, persevering. 
 
 Res-o-lu 7 tion, n. That which 
 
 is resolved or determined; set? 
 tied purpose, determination. 
 
 Re-solve 7 , v . To declare or de 
 
 cide by a formal vote; to de- 
 termine. 
 
 Re-sort 7 , n. A refuge; a haunt; 
 
 a place of frequent assembly. 
 
 Re-source 7 , n. Expedient, con- 
 trivance;^. pecuniary means, 
 funds. 
 
 Re-spect 7 , n. Esteem, regard- 
 
 relation, reference. 
 
 Re-spec 7 tive, a. Relating t» 
 
 particular persons or things. 
 
 Res 7 pite, n. rostponement, de 
 
 lay, reprieve. 
 
 Re-spond 7 , v. To answer, re 
 
 join. 
 
 Re-spoud 7 ent, n. One who an 
 
 swers in certain suits or pro 
 ceedings. 
 
 Re-spoiFsi-ble, a. Accounta 
 ble, answerable. 
 
 Rest, v. To desist from labor oi 
 
 exertion; to trust, to rely. 
 
 Ees-ti-tu 7 tiou, n. The act at 
 
 restoring to rightful owner. 
 
 Re-store 7 , v. To return, ro 
 
 place, reestablish, refund, r(* 
 pair. 
 
 Re -strain 7 , v . To check, to 
 
 hinder. 
 
 Re -strict 7 , v. To limit, curb t 
 
 restrain. 
 
 Re-sult 7 , n. Effect, conse* 
 
 cjuence. 
 
 Re-su-me 7 , n. A summing up; 
 
 a condensed statement. 
 
 Re-sume 7 , v. To enter upon or 
 
 take up again; to begin again. 
 
 Re-sus 7 ci-tate, v. io restore 
 
 from apparent death. 
 
 Re-taiF, v. To sell in small 
 
 quantities. 
 
 Re-tam 7 , v. To keep in posses 
 
 sion; to hold. 
 
 Re4aFi-ate, v. To return like 
 
 for like. 
 
 ...o....Re-tard 7 , v. To impede, hin- 
 der, obstruct. 
 
 Ret 7 i-cent, a. Inclined to keep 
 
 silent. 
 
 Re- tire 7 , v. To withdraw; to 
 
 take up and pay. 
 
 Re- tort 7 , n. A quick and wit^ 
 
 or severe response. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 63 
 
 •Re-tract 7 , v. To take back 
 what has been said. 
 
 .Re-treat 7 , v. To withdraw; to 
 retire from a position or 
 place. 
 
 .Re-trieve 7 , v. To find again; 
 to repair, restore. 
 
 .Ret'ro-grade, a . Having a 
 backward course. 
 
 .Ret 7 ro-spect, n . Contempla- 
 
 tion of the past. 
 
 .Re-turn 7 , v. To come back; to 
 bring or send back; to restore, 
 repay. 
 
 .Re-veal 7 , v. To communicate; 
 to disclose. 
 
 ,Rev 7 el, n. Riotous festivity or 
 merrymaking. 
 
 Re-venge 7 , n. Vengeance, re- 
 taliation. 
 
 ,Rev 7 e-nue, n. The return from 
 an investment; taxes, duties 
 received by a State, munici- 
 pality, etc. 
 
 ,Re-vere 7 , v. To venerate, 
 adore, reverence. 
 
 .Re-verse 7 , a. Turned back- 
 ward; having a contrary or 
 opposite direction. 
 
 , Re-vert/, v. To come back; to 
 reverberate. 
 
 Re-view 7 , n. Reexamination, 
 survey, revisal. 
 
 Re-vise 7 , v. To review, alter, 
 and amend. 
 
 , Re-vive 7 , v. To restore ; to raise 
 from depression or discour- 
 agement. 
 
 Re-voke 7 , v. To abolish, recall, 
 repeal. 
 
 Re - volt 7 , v . To turn away with 
 abhorrence. 
 
 Re-ward 7 , n . Compensation, 
 remuneration. 
 
 Rhet 7 o-ric, n. The art of speak- 
 ing with propriety, elegance, 
 and force. 
 
 Rhi-noc 7 e-ros, n. A large, 
 powerful, horned animal. 
 
 ,Rhu 7 barb, n. An herb— the pie- 
 plant. 
 
 .Rhythm, n. Movement in mu- 
 sical time. 
 
 .Rich, a. Wealthy; abundant; 
 productive or fertile. 
 
 .Rid 7 dle, n . A puzzling ques- 
 tion. 
 
 Rid 7 i-cule, n. Banter, sarcasm, 
 mockery. 
 
 ,Ri-dic 7 u-lous, a. Laughably, 
 droll, absurd. 
 
 Right, a. Lawful; true, correct; 
 proper, fit. 
 
 ,Right 7 eous, a. Upright, just, 
 virtuous. 
 
 ,Rig 7 id, a. Firm, stiff; severe, 
 strict. 
 
 Rinse, v. To wash lightly; to 
 cleanse with repeated applica- 
 tion of water. 
 
 ,Ri 7 ot, n. Revelry; disturbance 
 of the public peace by an un- 
 lawful assembly. 
 
 Ripe, a . Mature; complete, fin- 
 ished. 
 
 Rite, n. Form, ceremony, ordi- 
 nance. 
 
 Ri 7 val, n. Competitor, antago- 
 nist. 
 
 Roam, v . To rove, to wander; 
 to go from place to place with- 
 out purpose or direction. 
 
 Roast, v. To cook by heat; to 
 ridicule. 
 
 Rob, v. To deprive of; to de- 
 fraud; to steal from. 
 
 ,Ro-bust 7 , a. Strong, muscular, 
 vigorous. 
 
 Roe, n. The female of any 
 species of deer. 
 
 Role, n. A part or function as- 
 sumed by any one. 
 
 Roll, n. That which is rolled 
 up; a scroll. 
 
 Ro-mance 7 , n. Fable, novel; 
 a series of extraordinary 
 events. 
 
 Ro-man 7 tic, a. Unreal, extrav- 
 agant. 
 
 Rostrum, n. A stage for pub- 
 lic speaking. 
 
 Rote, n. Mere repetition of 
 forms of speech without re- 
 gard to meaning. 
 
 Ro-tund 7 , a. Round, circular, 
 spherical. 
 
 Rouse, v. To wake from sleep; 
 to stir up, agitate. 
 
 Rout, v. To defeat, discomfit, 
 overpower, overthrow. 
 
 Route (rdot), n . A course, a 
 road or path. 
 
 Rou-tine 7 , n. Any regular 
 course of action. 
 
 Row, n. A series of persons 
 or things in a continuous 
 line. 
 
 Row, v. To propel with oars, 
 as a boat or vessel. 
 
 Roy 7 al-ty, n. Kingliness; a per- 
 centage paid to an owner for 
 the use of an article. 
 
64 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Rud'der, n. That which guides 
 or governs the course. 
 
 .Rude, a. Bough, uneven, 
 coarse; impolite, impertinent. 
 
 Ru'di-ment, n. An element or 
 first principle of an art or 
 science. 
 
 Rue, v. To lament, to regret 
 extremely. 
 
 Ru'in, ft. Destruction, down- 
 fall, overthrow. 
 
 .Sabbath, n. A day of rest; 
 one day in seven appointed 
 for rest or worship. 
 
 .Sa'ber, n. A sword with a 
 heavy blade. 
 
 . Sac'cha-rine, a . Producing 
 
 sugar; sweet. 
 
 .Sa-cheP (sa~sha/), n. A scent 
 bag or perfume cushion. 
 
 .Sack, n. A kind of coat; a bag 
 or pouch. 
 
 . Sack, v. To plunder or pillage; 
 to put into a sack. 
 
 .Sac'ra-ment, n . The Lord’s 
 Supper. 
 
 .Sa'cred, a. Religious, conse- 
 crated, devoted. 
 
 .Sac'ri-fice (fize), n. Anything 
 offered to a divinity; surren- 
 der of one thing for the sake 
 of another. 
 
 .Sac'ri-lege, n. The sin of pro- 
 faning sacred things. 
 
 .Sad, a. Sorrowful, mournful, 
 gloomy. 
 
 .Sad / dle, n. A seat for a rider; 
 a padded part of a harness. 
 
 .Sad'i-ron, n. An iron for 
 smoothing clothes, a flatiron. 
 
 .Safe, a. Unhurt, secure; free 
 from harm, injury, risk. 
 
 .Safeguard, v. To protect, to 
 guard. 
 
 .Sag, v. To sink in the middle; 
 to lose firmness or elasticity. 
 
 .Sa-ga / cious, a. Keen-scented; 
 shrewd, wise, judicious. 
 b, a . Prudent, wise, judi- 
 
 cious. 
 
 Sail, n. A piece of canvas by 
 which the wind is made to 
 propel a vessel. 
 
 Sail, v . To move through or on 
 the water. 
 
 SaiPor, n . A seaman, a mari- 
 ner. 
 
 Saint, n. A holy or godly per- 
 son. 
 
 .Ru'mor, n. A flying report, 
 common talk. 
 
 Rup'ture, v. To part by vio- 
 lence, to break. 
 
 Rn^al, a . Of or pertaining to 
 the country. 
 
 .Ruse, n. A trick, stratagem; 
 fraud, deceit. 
 
 Rut. n. A track worn by a 
 wheel. 
 
 Rye, n . A grain. 
 
 Sake, n. Cause, motive, rea- 
 son. 
 
 Sa'ke, n. An alcoholic drink 
 made from rice. 
 
 SaPa-ble, a . Capable of being 
 sold. 
 
 SaPad, n. A preparation of 
 vegetables dressed with salt, 
 vinegar, etc. 
 
 SaPa-ry, n . Pay; fixed, regular 
 
 wages. 
 
 Sale, n. Act of selling; trans- 
 fer of property for a consid- 
 eration. 
 
 , Salesman, n . One whose occu- 
 pation is to sell goods, etc. 
 
 Sa'li-ent, a. Leaping, bound- 
 ing; prominent, noticeable. 
 
 SaPlow, a . Having a yellowish 
 color. 
 
 .SaPly, v . To issue suddenly, 
 to burst forth. 
 
 Sal-ma-gun'di, n . A mixture, 
 
 a medley. 
 
 .Sa-loou', n . A public room 01 
 parlor; a barroom, a drinking 
 place. 
 
 , Sa-hPbri-ons, a . Healthful, 
 
 wholesome. 
 
 , SaPu-ta-ry, a . Beneficial, uso 
 ful, advantageous, healthful. 
 
 .Sal-u-ta'tion, n. Greeting, ad- 
 dress, salute. 
 
 .SaPvage, n. The part of prop 
 erty that survives peril, ifc 
 saved. 
 
 .Sal-va'tion, n. Redemption 
 from sin; that which saves. 
 
 .Salve, n. A healing ointment, 
 a soothing remedy. 
 
 .Same, a . Of like kind, species, 
 sort; similar, like. 
 
 .SanPple, n. Specimen, exam- 
 ple. 
 
 .Sau-a-to'ri-um, ) n. An estab- 
 [• lishment for 
 
 .San-i-ta'ri-um, ) treatment of 
 the sick; a resort for invalids,, 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 65 
 
 r * # . , . .Sane'ti-fy, v . To make sacred 
 
 or holy. 
 
 ....... Sanc-ti-mo'ni-ous, a. Hypo- 
 critically pious. 
 
 Sanction, n. Ratification, au- 
 thority, support. 
 
 ,.„ fV Sanc'ti-ty, n . Holiness, piety, 
 godliness. 
 
 ........ Sanc'tu-a-ry, n . A sacred 
 
 place, a church or temple. 
 
 San'dal, n. A kind of shoe con- 
 sisting of a sole strapped to 
 the foot. 
 
 Sand'pa-per, n. Paper covered 
 
 on one siae with sand glued 
 fast. 
 
 ........ Sand'wich, n. Two pieces of 
 
 bread with meat or cheese be- 
 tween. 
 
 >....... Sandwich, v. To insert be- 
 tween portions of something 
 dissimilar. 
 
 v . Sane, a. Mentally sound, not 
 
 deranged. 
 
 , San'gui-na-ry, a. Bloody, 
 
 murderous, cruel. 
 
 San'guine, a. Confident, hope- 
 ful. 
 
 * ...... . San'i-ta-ry, a. Designed to se- 
 cure or preserve health. 
 
 Sans, prep. Without; deprived 
 
 or destitute of. 
 
 Sa-pid'i-ty. n . Taste, savor, 
 
 flavor. 
 
 • Sa'pi-ent, a. Wise, knowing, 
 
 discerning. 
 
 ........ Sarcasm, n . A keen, reproach- 
 ful expression; irony, ridicule, 
 taunt. 
 
 .Sar-coph'a-gus, n. A stone 
 
 coffin. 
 
 Sardine, n . The young of the 
 
 herring. 
 
 Sar-to'ri-al, a . Pertaining to a 
 
 tailor or his work. 
 
 Sash, n. A belt, a girdle; a 
 
 frame in which window panes 
 are set. 
 
 • • Sas'sa-fras, n . An American 
 
 tree of the Laurel family. 
 
 Sa-tan'ic, a . Resembling Sa- 
 tan; devilish. 
 
 ...... ..Satch'el, w. A hand bag for 
 
 carrying papers, books, ap- 
 parel, etc. 
 
 • .»•..» .Sate, v. To satisfy the desire 
 
 or appetite of; to surfeit. 
 
 Sa'ti-ate, v . To overfill, to sat- 
 isfy. 
 
 . Sat'in, n. A silk cloth of thick, 
 
 close texture, 
 
 5 
 
 . . Satire, n . Irony, burlesque, 
 
 ridicule. 
 
 ........ Sat-is-f action, n. Content- 
 ment, gratification; remuner- 
 ation. 
 
 ........ Sat-is-f ac'to-ry, a. Giving sat- 
 isfaction; sufficient; compen- 
 sating, atoning. 
 
 Sat'is-fy, v. To give satisfac- 
 tion. 
 
 ...... ..Saturate, v. To cause to be 
 
 come completely penetrated, 
 impregnated, or soaked. 
 
 ........ Sat'urn, n. One of the planets 
 
 of the solar system. 
 
 ........ Sauce, n. A dressing for meats, 
 
 etc.; stewed fruit. 
 
 ........ Saucer, n. A small dish, deeper 
 
 than a plate. 
 
 ....... -Sau'cy, Impudent, imperti- 
 nent. 
 
 ....... Saunter, v. To lounge, to 
 
 stroll. 
 
 ........ Sau / sage, n. Minced and high- 
 ly seasoned meat. 
 
 Savage, a. Wild, uncultivated; 
 
 brutal. 
 
 ........ Save, v . To preserve, rescue, 
 
 deliver, protect. 
 
 . .Sa'vor, n . Taste and odor, 
 
 flavor. 
 
 Saw, n. A proverb, a maxim; 
 
 a toothed instrument for cut- 
 ting or dividing substances. 
 
 Say, v. To tell, speak; repeat, 
 
 rehearse; announce. 
 
 Say'ing, n . Declaration, speech, 
 
 maxim. 
 
 Scabbard, n . A case for a 
 
 sword. 
 
 ...Scaffold, n. A temporary 
 
 structure of timbers, etc.; a 
 gallows. 
 
 .Scald, v. To burn with hot 
 
 liquid or steam. 
 
 Scale, n. A piece of the bony 
 
 covering of fishes; succession 
 of ascending and descending 
 steps and degrees. 
 
 Scales, n. Apparatus for 
 
 weighing. 
 
 Scal'lop (skbHupX v. To cut 
 
 the edge of into segments of 
 circles; to cook with crumbs. 
 
 Scalp, n . The part of the head 
 
 covered with nair. 
 
 Scamp, n. A rascal; a swindler, 
 
 a rogue. 
 
 ........ Scamper, v. To hasten away; 
 
 to run or move in a quick 
 manner. 
 
66 
 
 drattghon’s practical speller. 
 
 Scan, v . To look closely at or 
 
 into. 
 
 Scandal, n. Slander, reproach, 
 
 disgrace. 
 
 Scant, a. Not enough, not plen- 
 tiful. 
 
 Scapegoat, n. A person or 
 
 thing made to bear blame for 
 others. 
 
 Scar, n. A blemish, a disfigure- 
 ment. 
 
 Scarce, a . Not abundant; rare, 
 
 uncommon. 
 
 Scare, v. To alarm, frighten, 
 
 startle, terrify. 
 
 Scarlet, a. Deep bright red 
 
 tinged with yellow. 
 
 Scatter, v. To strew about; to 
 
 cause to separate in different 
 directions. 
 
 Scav'en-ger, n. One who is 
 
 employed to clean the 
 streets. 
 
 Scene, n. A spectacle, show, 
 
 exhibition; a view. 
 
 ...... ..Scen'er-y, n. Combination of 
 
 natural views, as woods, hills, 
 etc.; the paintings and hang- 
 ings of a play. 
 
 Scent, n. Odor, smell; track of 
 
 discovery. 
 
 Scepter, n. A staff borne by a 
 
 sovereign; sovereignty. 
 
 Schedule, n . Catalogue, list, , 
 
 inventory. \ 
 
 Scheme, n. A system, a plan, 
 
 a project. 
 
 Scholar, n. A learner, a stu- 
 dent; a person of high literary 
 or scientific attainments. 
 
 SchoFar-ship, n. Learning; 
 
 maintenance for a scholar. 
 
 ........ School, n . A place of instruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Schooner, n. A small vessel; 
 
 a large goblet or drinking 
 glass. 
 
 SchoFtische, n. A Scotch 
 
 round dance. 
 
 ScFence, n. Ascertained truth 
 
 or facts. 
 
 Sci-en-tiFic, a. Pertaining to 
 
 science; having a knowledge 
 of science. 
 
 ScnFtil-late, v. To emit sparks; 
 
 to sparkle. 
 
 ........ ScFon, n . A descendant, an 
 
 heir. 
 
 Scis / sors, n. A cutting instru- 
 ment resembling, but smaller 
 than, shears. 
 
 Scoff, v . To sneer, mock, jibe, 
 jeer. 
 
 Scold, v . To chide sharply, to 
 utter harsh rebuke 
 
 Scoop, n. A large ladle; a deep 
 shovel. 
 
 Scope, n. Design, aim; range 
 of view, intent, or action. 
 
 Scorch, v . To parch or Shrivel 
 by heat. 
 
 Score, n. A mark made for the 
 purpose of account; the num- 
 ber twenty. 
 
 Score, y. To set down, to re- 
 cord. 
 
 Scorn, v. To hold in extreme 
 contempt. 
 
 Scoundrel, n. A rascal, a vil- 
 lain. 
 
 Scour, v. To clean by friction; 
 to make clean or bright. 
 
 Scourge, n. A lash; an afflic- 
 tion; a punishment. 
 
 Scout, v. To reject with con- 
 tempt. 
 
 Scout, n. A person sent to gain 
 and bring in tidings. 
 
 .Scowl, v. To wrinkle the 
 brows, as in frowning. 
 
 Scramble, v. To struggle 
 eagerly with others for some- 
 thing thrown on the ground: 
 to stir the yolks and whites of 
 eggs together while cooking. 
 
 .Scrap, n. A fragment; a de- 
 tacned portion. 
 
 . Scrape, v. To rub over the sur * 
 face of with a sharp or rough 
 instrument. 
 
 .Scrape, n. An embarrassing 
 predicament. 
 
 . Scratch, v. To tear the surface 
 of with something rough or 
 sharp. 
 
 . Scrawl, v. To write hastily and 
 carelessly. 
 
 .Scream, v. To cry out with a 
 shrill voice. 
 
 . Screen, n. That which shelters 
 or conceals from view; a sieve 
 
 .Screw, n. A kind of nail witL 
 a spiral thread. 
 
 .Scribble, v. To write without; 
 care. 
 
 .Scribe, n . One who writes; an 
 official or public writer. 
 
 . ScrinFmage, n. A general row* 
 a confused fight or struggle. 
 
 .Scrip, n . Preliminary certifi- 
 cate of subscription to capital! 
 stock. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 67 
 
 .Script, n. An original instru- 
 ment or document. 
 
 .Scripture, n . A passage from 
 the Bible. 
 
 .Scriptures, n. The Bible, the 
 Word of God. 
 
 . ScripTur-ist, n. One versed in 
 the Scriptures. 
 
 .Scroll, n . A roll of paper or 
 
 parchment. 
 
 . Scrub, v. To rub hard; to wash 
 with rubbing. 
 
 .Scrub, a. Mean, dirty, con- 
 temptible. 
 
 .Scruple, n . A very small 
 quantity; unwillingness pro- 
 ceeding from motives of con- 
 science. 
 
 .Seru'pu-lous, a . Hesitating to 
 speak or act for fear of offend- 
 ing or doing wrong. 
 
 .Scruti-nize, v. To examine 
 closely. 
 
 .Scruti-ny, n. Critical obser- 
 vation. 
 
 .Scuftle, v. To struggle con- 
 fusedly. 
 
 . Sculptor, n. An artist who de- 
 signs and carves statues. 
 
 .Scum, n . Anything vile or 
 
 worthless. 
 
 .Scurtil-ous, a . Offensive, 
 abusive, indecent. 
 
 .Scuttle, n. A coal hod; a 
 broad, shallow basket. 
 
 .Scuttle, v . To sink, as a ship, 
 by making holes through the 
 bottom, deck, or sides. 
 
 .Scythe, n . An instrument for 
 mowing grass, etc. 
 
 .Sea, n. A large body of salt 
 water. 
 
 .Seal, n. An engraved or in- 
 scribed stamp; an animal. 
 
 .Seal, v. To affix a seal to; to 
 ratify, confirm; to fasten. 
 
 .Seam, n. A joint, a line of 
 union. 
 
 . Se-auce / , n. A meeting of spir- 
 itualists to receive spirit com- 
 munications (so called). 
 
 .Sear, v. To scorch; to make 
 callous. 
 
 .Search, v. To explore, exam- 
 ine, seek, inquire. 
 
 , .Seashore, n. The coast of the 
 sea. 
 
 ,.Sea / sou, n. A division of the 
 year; suitable or convenient 
 time; a period of time, not 
 very long. 
 
 Season, v. To prepare by dry- 
 ing or hardening; to render 
 palatable. 
 
 Sea'son-a-ble, a . Timely, op- 
 portune. 
 
 .Seat, n. That upon which one 
 sits; a site, an abode, a station. 
 
 Se-cede', v. To withdraw from 
 
 fellowship, communion, or as- 
 sociation. 
 
 Se-cliPsion, n. Solitude, sepa 
 
 ration, retirement. 
 
 Second, a . Immediately fol- 
 lowing the first; secondary, 
 inferior. 
 
 Second, n. One next in place, 
 
 rank, etc.; a backer, an as- 
 sistant. 
 
 Secret, a . Hidden, concealed; 
 
 private. 
 
 . . jfjec're-ta-ry, n. An amanuen- 
 sis; one who attends to cor- 
 respondence, etc., for an as- 
 sociation, public body, or an 
 individual. 
 
 Se-crete', v. To deposit in a 
 
 lace of hiding; to conceal, 
 ide. 
 
 Sect, n. Those following a par- 
 ticular leader or authority or 
 attached to a certain opinion. 
 Sec-ta'ri-an, n. An adherent 
 of a denomination or sect. 
 Section, n. A slice; a part of 
 a book or writing; a distinct 
 part of a country. 
 
 See'u-lar, a. Worldly, not 
 spiritual or holy. 
 
 Se-cure', v . To make safe; to 
 make fast; to get possession of. 
 Se-ciPri-ty, n. Protection, de- 
 fense, confidence, surety. 
 Se-date', a . Settled, composed, 
 calm. 
 
 Sed / en-ta-ry, a. Accustomed 
 to sit much or long. 
 Se-dPtion, n. Insurrection, tu- 
 mult. 
 
 Se-duce', v. To allure, tempt, 
 mislead, debauch. 
 
 Sed'u-lous, a . Diligent, indus- 
 trious, laborious. 
 
 , See, v. To perceive by the eye, 
 to view; to visit; to look 
 after. 
 
 Seed'y, a. Shabbily clothed, 
 shabby looking. 
 
 Seek, v. To search for; to try 
 to acquire or gain. 
 
 .Seem, v. To appear, look; to 
 be taken as. 
 
6S 
 
 DRAUGHON’S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 ....... .SeemSy, a. Becoming, fit, suit- 
 able, proper. 
 
 • ..Seep, v . To run or soak 
 
 through. 
 
 • •«••.. .Seethe, v. To boil; to be in a 
 
 state of violent commotion. 
 
 ........ SegSe-gate, v . To separate 
 
 from others; to set apart. 
 
 ...... ..Seine (san), n. A large net 
 
 used in fishing. 
 
 Seismic, a. Pertaining to an 
 
 earthquake. 
 
 • ••••...Seize, v> To catch, grasp, 
 
 clutch; to apprehend. 
 
 ........ SePzin, n . Possession of an es- 
 tate of freehold. 
 
 SePdom, adv. Rarely, not 
 
 often, not frequently. 
 
 Se-lect 7 , a . Of special value or 
 
 excellence, choice. 
 
 Se-lecP, v. To choose, to take 
 
 by preference. 
 
 .Self, n. A person as a distinct 
 
 individual. 
 
 ....... .Self-as-sured', a. Self-reliant, 
 
 complacent. 
 
 Self-con-troF, n. Restraint 
 
 exercised over one’s self. 
 
 ........Self-de-fense', n . The act of 
 
 defending one’s own person, 
 property, or reputation. 
 
 Self-de-nFal, n. Forbearing 
 
 to gratify one’s own desires. 
 
 Self-ed'u-ca-ted, a . Educated 
 
 by one’s own efforts. 
 
 Self-es-teem', n . Holding a 
 
 good opinion of one’s self. 
 
 Self-ev'i-dent, a. Evident 
 
 without proof or reasoning. 
 
 Self-im-porSant, «. Having or 
 
 manifesting an exaggerated 
 idea of one’s own importance 
 or merit. 
 
 .Self-in-duPgent, a . Indulging 
 
 one’s desires, appetites, etc., 
 freely. 
 
 ....... .Self'ish, a . Caring supremely 
 
 or unduly for one’s self. 
 
 Self-pos-sessed', a. Com- 
 posed, undisturbed. 
 
 ........ Self-re-lPant, a. Relying on 
 
 one’s own powers or judg- 
 ment. 
 
 Self -re -proof % n. Censure of 
 
 one’s conduct by one’s own 
 judgment. 
 
 ........ Self-righPeous, a. Righteous 
 
 in one’s own esteem. 
 
 Self-sac'ri-flce, n. Act of sac- 
 rificing one’s self or interest 
 for others. 
 
 ........ Self 'same. a. The very same, 
 
 identical. 
 
 • •••'•• .SelP-scek-er, n. One who 
 seeks only his own interest, 
 advantage, etc. 
 
 .SeK-snf-fr cient, a . Having an 
 overweening confidence in 
 one’s own ability or worth. 
 
 ...... . .Self-willed', a . Obstinate; gov- 
 erned by one’s own will. 
 
 ........ Sell, v. To transfer to another 
 
 for an equivalent. 
 
 .Semblance, ». Likeness, ap- 
 pearance, show. 
 
 Sem'i-. A prefix signifying 
 
 half. 
 
 ...... . .Sem'i-cir-cle, n. The half of a 
 
 circle. 
 
 ....... .Seir/i-na-ry, n. A place of ed* 
 
 ucation. 
 
 ....... .Sen'at© ? n. An assembly or 
 
 council having the highest de- 
 liberative and legislative func- 
 tions. 
 
 ....... .Senator, n . A member of a 
 
 senate. 
 
 Send, v , To cause to go; to dis* 
 
 patch; to commission. 
 
 Sen'ior, a. Elder; more ad- 
 vanced. 
 
 Sen-sa'tion, n. An impression, 
 
 a feeling; a state of excited 
 interest or feeling, or that 
 which causes it. 
 
 Sen-ga'tion-al, a . Emotional, 
 
 melodramatic. 
 
 .•••••..Sense, n. Perception by the 
 sensory organs of the body 
 and through the intellect; cor- 
 rect judgment, understand- 
 ing. 
 
 ........ Sen'si-ble, a. Intelligent, un- 
 derstanding, wise. 
 
 Sen'si-tive, a . Easily and 
 
 acutely affected. 
 
 ........ Sen'su-al, a . Luxurious, lewd; 
 
 relating to or concerning the 
 body in distinction from the 
 spirit. 
 
 Sentence, n. An opinion, a 
 
 decision ; a judgment passed on 
 a criminal; a combination of 
 words expressing a thought. 
 
 .Sen-tensions, a . Full of mean- 
 ing. 
 
 .SenSi-ment, n. A thought 
 
 prompted by passion or feel- 
 ing; opinion, notion, judg- 
 ment. 
 
 Sen-ti-raen'tal, a . Artificially 
 
 or affectedly tender. 
 
69 
 
 dbaughon’s practical speller. 
 
 , Sen ti-nel, n. One who watch- 
 es or guards. 
 
 .Separate, v. To disunite, di- 
 vide; to come between. 
 
 . Sep-tet 7 , n. A set of seven per- 
 sons or objects. 
 
 ,Sep 7 ul-cher, n. A grave, a 
 tomb. 
 
 Sequel, n. Consequence, re- 
 sult, effect. 
 
 .Sequence, n. That which fol- 
 lows or succeeds, as an effect. 
 
 , Seq-ues-tra 7 tion, n. The act of 
 setting aside a thing in contro- 
 versy from possession of both 
 parties contending for it, to be 
 delivered to the one adjudged 
 entitled to it. 
 
 Ser-e-nade 7 , n. Music per- 
 formed or sung in the open 
 air at night. 
 
 Se-rene 7 , a. Calm, placid, un- 
 disturbed. 
 
 Serf, n. A servant or slave em- 
 ployed in agricultural work. 
 
 Serjeant-at-arms, n. An offi- 
 cer of a legislative body who 
 preserves order and makes 
 arrests. 
 
 Series, n. A number of things 
 or events succeeding in 
 order. 
 
 Se 7 ri-ous, a. Grave, solemn, 
 earnest, important. 
 
 Sermon, n. A discourse deliv- 
 ered for the purpose of reli- 
 gious instruction. 
 
 Servant, n. A subordinate 
 helper. 
 
 Serve, v. To wait upon, to work 
 for. 
 
 Service, n. Duty done or re- 
 quired. 
 
 Servile, a. Slavish, mean, 
 cringing. 
 
 Session, n. The actual sitting 
 of a court, council, etc. 
 
 Set, v. To cause to sit, to place; 
 to put in order, to regulate. 
 
 Set, n. A group, a clique; a col- 
 lection of articles which nat- 
 urally go together. 
 
 Set 7 -off, n. A counterclaim; a 
 decoration, an ornament. 
 
 Set-tee 7 , n. A long seat with a 
 back. 
 
 Set 7 ter, n. A hunting dog of a 
 special breed. 
 
 Set 7 tle, u. To fix, establish, 
 regulate, adjust, determine, 
 decide. 
 
 . Set 7 tle-ment, w. A colony new- 
 ly established. 
 
 ,Sev 7 er, v. To separate, divide; 
 to disjoin. 
 
 > Sev / er-al, a. More than two, 
 but not very many. 
 
 ,Sev 7 er-ance, n. The severing 
 of twcfor more that are joined 
 in one writ. 
 
 , Se-vere 7 . a. Strict, grave, stern, ( 
 rigid; oitter, cruel. 
 
 .Sew (so), v. To unite or fasten 
 together by stitches. 
 
 ,Sew 7 age, n. The contents of a 
 sewer. 
 
 , Sew 7 er, n . A drain to carry off 
 water and filth underground. 
 
 Sew 7 er-age, n. The system of 
 sewers in a city, town, etc. 
 
 .Sex, n. The distinguishing pe- 
 culiarity of male or female. 
 
 , Sex 7 ton, n. A person employed 
 to sweep and clean a church 
 building. 
 
 Shab 7 by, a. Poor, mean; 
 
 ragged. 
 
 Shackle, n. A ring or band 
 inclosing the ankle or wrist. 
 
 Shade, n. That which shelters 
 from light or the direct rays 
 of the sun. 
 
 Shad 7 ow, n. A reflected image; 
 shade, obscurity. 
 
 Shaft, n. An arrow; an exca- 
 vation in the earth for reach- 
 ing and raising ore. 
 
 Shafts, n. The two slender 
 ieces of wood by which a 
 orse pulls a vehicle. 
 
 Shag 7 gy, a. Rough with long 
 hair or wool. 
 
 Shake, v. To move one way 
 and the other; to weaken, to 
 cause to waver; to tremble. 
 
 ShaPlow, a. Not deep; not 
 wise or knowing. 
 
 Sham, n. A make-believe, a 
 humbug. 
 
 Sham 7 ble, v. To walk awk- 
 wardly and unsteadily. 
 
 Shame, n. Reproach incurred 
 or suffered. 
 
 Shame'faced, a. Easily con- 
 fused, bashful. 
 
 Shank, n. The shin bone; the 
 part of a tool that connects it 
 with the handle. 
 
 Shape, n. Make, figure, form, 
 guise. 
 
 Share, n. An allotment, a por- 
 tion. 
 
70 
 
 lraughon’s practical speller. 
 
 .Shark, n. A great fish; a 
 swindler. 
 
 .Sharp,a. Keen; piercing, pain- 
 ful. 
 
 .Shatter, v. To break into 
 fragments; to disorder, to de- 
 range. 
 
 .Share, v. To cut or pare off 
 from the surface of a body. 
 
 . Sheaf, n. A bundle of grain or 
 
 straw. 
 
 , Shear, v. To separate or sever 
 with shears. 
 
 Shears, n. An instrument for 
 cutting cloth and other sub- 
 stances. 
 
 Sheath, n . A case for a sword 
 or knife, a scabbard. 
 
 Sheathe, v. To put into a case, 
 as a sword. 
 
 Shed, n . A shelter, an outbuild- 
 ing. 
 
 Shed, v. To pour forth or out; 
 to throw off, as a natural cov- 
 ering of hair, feathers, etc. 
 
 Sheepskin, n. The skin of a 
 sheep; a diploma. 
 
 Sheer, a. Obvious, simple, 
 mere; perpendicular. 
 
 Sheet, n. A broad, thin piece 
 of paper, metal, or cloth. 
 
 Shelf, n . A flat tablet or ledge 
 of any material. 
 
 Shell, n. The covering of a nut, 
 egg, etc.; a hollow projec- 
 tile. 
 
 SheFter, n . A protection, a 
 
 screen. 
 
 Shepherd, n. A tender of a 
 flock; the pastor of a church. 
 
 Sherbet, n. A flavored water 
 
 ice. 
 
 Sheriff, n . The chief officer of 
 a county — the one who serves 
 judicial writs and processes 
 and preserves the peace. 
 
 Shib'bo-leth, n . The criterion 
 or watchword of a party. 
 
 Shield, n. Anything which 
 protects or defends. 
 
 Shift, v. To change the position 
 of; to exchange for another of 
 the same class; to contrive, to 
 manage. 
 
 Shim'mer, n . A faint, tremu- 
 lous light. 
 
 Shin, n. The front part of the 
 leg below the knee. 
 
 Shine, v . To emit rays of light; 
 to be eminent, conspicuous, 
 or distinguished. 
 
 • Shingle, n. A piece of wood 
 
 used in covering buildings. 
 
 Ship, n. Any large seagoing 
 
 vessel. 
 
 Ship, k To commit to a con- 
 veyance for transporta- 
 tion. 
 
 Shipment, n . That which is 
 
 shipped. 
 
 ..Shirk, v. To avoid, escape, 
 
 neglect. 
 
 Shiv / er, v. To shatter; to trem- 
 ble, quiver, shake. 
 
 Shoal, n. A throng; a place in 
 
 a river, etc., where the water 
 is shallow. 
 
 Shock, v. To strike against 
 
 suddenly; to strike with ter- 
 ror, disgust, etc. 
 
 Shod / dy, a. Not genuine; sham, 
 
 pretentious. 
 
 Shook, n. A set of staves and 
 
 headings sufficient in number 
 for one barrel, cask, or hogs- 
 head. 
 
 Shoot, v . To let fly, as an 
 
 arrow; to discharge, as a gun; 
 to hurl. 
 
 Shoot, n. A young branch or 
 
 growth. 
 
 Shop, n. A retail store; a build- 
 ing in which mechanics or 
 artisans work. 
 
 Shop, v. To visit shops or 
 
 stores for the purpose of pur- 
 chasing goods. 
 
 Shore, n. Land adjacent to a 
 
 large body of water. 
 
 Short, a. Of brief length; defi- 
 cient, defective, inadequate, 
 insufficient. 
 
 ....... - Shorthand, n. A rapid method 
 
 of writing by substituting 
 characters, abbreviations, 
 etc., for letters, words, etc.; 
 stenography. 
 
 ........ Shoul'der, v. To take upon the 
 
 shoulder or shoulders. 
 
 Shout, v. To utter a sudden 
 
 and loud outcry. 
 
 Shove (shiiv), v. To push along, 
 
 aside, or away. 
 
 Shov'd, n. A broad, scooped 
 
 implement for lifting and 
 throwing earth, etc. 
 
 Show, v. To exhibit; to guide, 
 
 direct; to make apparent or 
 clear. 
 
 Show, n. That which is shown, 
 
 or brought to view; sem- 
 blance, appearance* 
 
DRAUGHOISTS PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 71 
 
 Sbow'er, <n. A fall of rain or 
 hail of short duration. 
 
 Show'y, a . Splendid, gay, gor- 
 geous. 
 
 Shred, v. To cut or tear into 
 small pieces. 
 
 Shrewd, a. Keen, critical, sa- 
 gacious, discerning. 
 
 Shriek, v. To utter a sharp, 
 shrill cry. 
 
 Shrill, a. Sharp, acute, pier- 
 cing. 
 
 Shrine, n. Any sacred place, 
 as an altar, tomb, or the 
 like. 
 
 Shrink, v. To shrivel; to con- 
 tract into a less extent or com- 
 pass. 
 
 Shroud, n. A garment, espe- 
 cially the dress for the 
 dead. 
 
 Shrug, v . To raise or draw up 
 the shoulders. 
 
 Shud / der, v. To tremble with 
 fear; to shiver with cold. 
 
 Shuffle, v. To mix by pushing 
 or shoving; to change the rel- 
 ative positions of. 
 
 Shun, v. To avoid, to keep 
 clear of. 
 
 Shut, v. To close so as to hin- 
 der ingress or egress. 
 
 Shy, a. Timid, reserved; cau- 
 tious, suspicious. 
 
 Sick, a. Diseased, ill, weak, in- 
 disposed. 
 
 Sickle, n. A reaping instru- 
 ment. 
 
 Side, n. The narrow edge or 
 border of a surface. 
 
 .Side, v. To take sides; to em- 
 brace the opinions of one party 
 in opposition to another. 
 
 .Siege, n. Continued attempt 
 to get possession. 
 
 . Si-es' ta, n. A nap taken about 
 the middle of the day. 
 
 .Sift, v . To separate with a 
 sieve; to scrutinize. 
 
 .Sigh, n. A deep, audible inspi- 
 ration; a lament. 
 
 .Sight, n. Power of seeing; a 
 spectacle, a view. 
 
 .Sight, v. To get sight of; to ad- 
 just the sights of. 
 
 .Sign, n. Token, mark, note, 
 symptom. 
 
 .Signal, a. Remarkable, mem- 
 orable, extraordinary. 
 
 . Signal, n. A sign made for the 
 purpose of giving notice to. 
 
 . . Sig'na-ture, n . The name of a 
 
 E erson, written with his own 
 and. 
 
 ..Sig-nif'i-cant, a. Important, 
 deserving to be considered. 
 ..Sig-ni-fi-ca'tion, n. A making 
 known by signs or other 
 means. 
 
 . .Sig'ni-fy, v. To express, de- 
 clare, utter, denote." 
 
 . .Si'lent, a. Perfectly quiet;' 
 speechless. 
 
 . . Sill* n. The basis or foundation 
 oi a structure. 
 
 ..Silly, a . Simple, shallow, 
 foolish. 
 
 . .Silver, n. A soft, white metal- 
 lic element. 
 
 . .Sim'i-lar, a. Exactly corre- 
 sponding, precisely like. 
 
 . . Si-miPi-tude, n. Resemblance, 
 likeness. 
 
 . . Simple, a. Single, unmingled, 
 unmixed; plain, artless; frank, 
 open; weak in intellect. 
 
 . .Sim'pli-fy, v. To make less 
 complex. 
 
 . .Simulate, v. To counterfeit, 
 to feign. 
 
 . .Si-mul-ta'ne-ons, a. Existing, 
 happening, or done at the 
 same time. 
 
 . . Sin, n. Transgression of the 
 law of God. 
 
 ..Since, adv. In the time past, 
 ago. 
 
 ..Since, prep . Subsequently to, 
 after. 
 
 ..Since, conj. Because, for, as, 
 inasmuch as. 
 
 . .Siii-cere 7 , a. Genuine, true, 
 real. 
 
 . . Sin / ew, n . A tendon ; that which 
 supplies strength or power. 
 ...Sing, v. To utter sounds with 
 musical inflections. 
 
 ..Single, a. Individual, sepa- 
 rate; unmarried. 
 
 . . . Sin'gu-lar, a. Unexampled, 
 strange, remarkable. 
 
 . . .Sin'is-ter, a. Wrong, dishon- 
 est, corrupt. 
 
 , . . Sink, v. To fall, drop, decline, 
 decrease. 
 
 . ..Sin'u-ous, a. Bending in and 
 out. 
 
 . . . Sip, v. To draw into the mouth; 
 
 to drink in small quantities. 
 ...Sire, n. A father, the head of 
 a family; the male parent of 
 a beast. 
 
72 
 
 DRAUGHON’S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 ........ Sir'up, n. A thick liquid from 
 
 the juices of fruits, etc., boiled 
 with sugar. 
 
 Sit, v. To rest upon the haunch- 
 es; to cover and warm eggs 
 for hatching. 
 
 ........Site, n. Situation; a place 
 
 chosen for permanent use or 
 occupation. 
 
 .Sit-u-a'tion,^. Location, local- 
 ity, site; position or employ- 
 ment. 
 
 • ••.....Size, n. Dimension, bigness, 
 
 magnitude. 
 
 ..Skate, 7i. A metallic runner, 
 
 with a frame shaped to fit the 
 sole of a shoe, and used for 
 moving rapidly on ice. 
 
 Skein (skan), n. A quantity of 
 yarn or thread put up to- 
 gether; a metallic thimble on 
 the wooden arm of an axle. 
 
 . .Skel'e-ton, n. The bony frame- 
 work of an animal; the frame- 
 work of anything. 
 
 Skeptic, n. A doubter, an un- 
 believer, an infidel. 
 
 Sketch, n. An outline, delinea- 
 tion, plan, design. 
 
 Skewer, n. A wooden pin for 
 
 hanging meat to a spit. 
 
 Skill ? n. Aptitude, ability, dex- 
 terity, expertness. 
 
 SkilBful, a. Able in manage- 
 ment, clever. 
 
 Skin, n. The hide; the bark or 
 
 husk. 
 
 Skip, v. To leap lightly; to pass 
 
 by or overlook. 
 
 Skirmish, n. A slight fight in 
 
 war; a slight contest. 
 
 Skirt, n. Border, edge; the 
 
 lower part of a coat or dress. 
 
 Skull, 7i. The skeleton of the 
 
 head of a vertebrate animal. 
 
 ........Sky, 7i. The heavens, the fir- 
 mament. 
 
 Skylight, n. A window in the 
 
 roof or ceiling. 
 
 ..Slab, n . A thm piece of any- 
 thing. 
 
 ) ...Slack, a. Lax; not earnest or 
 
 eager; slow, tardy. 
 
 ........ Slam. v. To shut with force 
 
 and a loud noise. 
 
 • Slander, v. To defame, belie, 
 
 vilify, scandalize. 
 
 Slang, n. Low, vulgar, unau- 
 thorized language. 
 
 • .Slant, v. To slope; to turn 
 
 from a direct line. 
 
 Slap, v. To strike with the 
 
 open hand. 
 
 ........ Slate, 7i. A kind of rock which 
 
 readily splits into thin plates. 
 
 ........ Slaughter, n. Butchery, mur- 
 der, havoc. 
 
 ....... .Slave, 7i. Bond servant, cap- 
 tive, vassal; one who surren- 
 * ders himself to any power. 
 
 ....... .Slay, v . To put to death with 
 
 a weapon or by violence. 
 
 ........Sleek, a. Smooth, glossy; not 
 
 rough or harsh. 
 
 Sleep, n. Slumber, repose, rest, 
 
 nap. 
 
 Sleeve, n. The part of a gar- 
 ment which covers the arm. 
 
 ........ Sleigh, n. A vehicle, moved on 
 
 runners, which is used for 
 transporting persons or goods 
 on ice or snow. 
 
 ........Sleight (slite), n. An artful 
 
 trick, sly artifice. 
 
 Slice, n. A thin, broad piece 
 
 cut off. 
 
 ........Slide, v. To slip, to glide; to 
 
 move gently onward. 
 
 ........Slight, v. To neglect, disre- 
 gard, scorn. 
 
 Slight, a. Unimportant, insig- 
 nificant; not severe. 
 
 ........ Slim, a. Weak, poor, slender; 
 
 unsubstantial. 
 
 Slime* n. Soft, moist earth 
 
 or clay. 
 
 Slipshod, a. Careless in dress, 
 
 manners, etc. 
 
 Slogan, n. A war cry; any 
 
 rallying cry. 
 
 Slop, 7i. Dirty water; the rins- 
 ings of table dishes. 
 
 .Slope, 7i. A line or direction 
 inclining from a horizontal 
 line or direction. 
 
 ..Slot, n. A narrow depression, 
 
 perforation, or aperture. 
 
 ........ Sloth'fuL a. Lazy, indolent, 
 
 sluggish. 
 
 Slough (slou), n. A hole full of 
 
 mire. 
 
 ........Slough (sluf), v. To separate 
 
 in the form of dead matter 
 from living tissue. 
 
 ........ Slov'en-ly, a. Negligent of 
 
 neatness and order. 
 
 Slow, a. Tardy, late; sluggish, 
 
 inactive; dull. 
 
 ........ Sluice, n . An artificial passage 
 
 for water. 
 
 Slum, n. A foul back street of 
 
 a city. 
 
73 
 
 Slur, v . To soil, disparage, tra- 
 duce; to pass over with little 
 notice. 
 
 Slush, n . Soft mud; half- 
 
 melted snow. 
 
 Sly, a. Cunning, crafty, se- 
 cretly mischievous. 
 
 . . . . . Smack, v. To have indications 
 of the presence of any char- 
 acter or quality; to kiss with 
 a sharp noise. 
 
 Smart, a . Sharp, acute; clever, 
 
 witty 
 
 Smear, v. To soil in any way; 
 
 to stain morally. 
 
 Smell, v. To perceive by the 
 
 organs of smell. 
 
 .....Smile, v. To express amuse- 
 ment or pleasure by the fea- 
 tures of the face. 
 
 . .. . .Smite, v. To strike; to afflict, 
 to punish. 
 
 .....Smith, n. One who works in 
 metals. 
 
 .... .Smoke, v. To throw off vapor 
 or exhalation; to draw into 
 the mouth smoke from to- 
 bacco burning in a pipe, etc. 
 
 SmoPder, v . To burn without 
 
 flame. 
 
 Smooth, a. Having an even 
 
 surface. 
 
 Smooth, v. To make smooth; 
 
 to free from harshness. 
 
 . . . . . Smother, v. To destroy by suf- 
 focation; to repress, suppress, 
 conceal. 
 
 Smuggle, v. To import or ex- 
 port secretly, contrary to 
 law. 
 
 .....Snap, n. A sudden breaking; 
 briskness, energy, vigor. 
 
 .....Snare, n. Anything by which 
 one is entangled. 
 
 Snarl, v. To growl; to speak 
 
 crossly. 
 
 .....Snatch, v. To grab, or seize 
 abruptly. 
 
 .....Sneak, v. To act in a stealthy 
 and cowardly manner. 
 
 .....Sneer, v. To scoff, to jeer; to 
 speak derisively. 
 
 Sneeze, v. To emit air, chiefly 
 
 through the nose, audibly and 
 violently. 
 
 .....Sneeze, n. A short sleep, a 
 nap. 
 
 o « . . .Snow. n. Watery particles con- 
 gealed into flakes. 
 
 *....Smub, v. To slight design- 
 edly. 
 
 Snuff, n . Pulverized tobacco, 
 etc. 
 
 Snuff, v . To inhale air through 
 the nose with noise or vio- 
 lence. 
 
 Snug, a . Close, concealed; 
 compact, convenient, and 
 comfortable. 
 
 Soap, n. A substance which 
 dissolves in water, forming a* 
 lather, and is used as a cleans- 
 ing agent. 
 
 .*,***.. Soar, v. To fly aloft; to rise in 
 thought, spirits, or imagina- 
 tion. 
 
 ..Sob, n . A sorrowful cry or 
 
 sound. 
 
 ........ So'ber, a. Temperate, calm; 
 
 not mad, or insane; not intox- 
 icated. 
 
 ........ So-brPe-ty> n. Soberness, calm- 
 ness, seriousness. 
 
 ........ So / cia-ble, n. An informal par- 
 
 tv or reception. 
 
 ....... .Social, a. Companionable; dis- 
 posed to mix in friendly con- 
 verse. 
 
 So-cPe-ty, n. Companionship, 
 
 fellowship; an association for 
 mutual benefit or pleasure. 
 
 ........Socket, n . An opening into 
 
 which anythin? is fitted. 
 
 ........Soil, v . To maxe unclean; to 
 
 stain or mar. 
 
 ........ Soil, ». The upper stratum of 
 
 the earth. 
 
 Sojourn, v. To dwell for a 
 
 time. 
 
 ....... .SoPace, n. Comfort, consola- 
 tion. 
 
 ........ SoPder (s&d'er), n. A metallic 
 
 cement. 
 
 SoPdier, n. One engaged in 
 
 military service. 
 
 ........Sole, n. The bottom of the 
 
 foot. 
 
 ........ Sol emn, a . Grave, sober, sa- 
 cred. 
 
 SoPem-nize, v. To perform 
 
 with solemn ceremonies or ac- 
 ' cording to legal forms. 
 
 So-Iic'it, v. To beseech, ask, 
 request. 
 
 ........ Se-lic'it-or, n. An attorney or 
 
 advocate. 
 
 ........ Se-lic'i-tude, n. Concern, anx- 
 iety. 
 
 ..... ...SoPid, a . Firm, compact, 
 
 strong, substantial. 
 
 Se-liPe-quy , n. The act of talk- 
 ing to one’s self. 
 
 deaughon’s practical speller. 
 
74 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Sol-i-tair©', n. A single dia- 
 mond in a setting. 
 
 Sol'i-ta-ry, a. Single, alone, 
 lonely. 
 
 So'lo, n . A piece played or 
 sung by one person. 
 So-lu'iion, n . Explanation, 
 
 clearing up. 
 
 Solvent, a. Able or sufficient 
 to pay all just debts. 
 
 Sonrber, a. Somewhat dark, 
 gloomy, sad, grave. 
 
 Some, a. A little; a part, a por- 
 tion. 
 
 Someflbod-y, n. A person un- 
 known or uncertain; a person 
 of importance. 
 
 Somehow, adv. In one way or 
 another. 
 
 SonPer-sault, n . A leap in 
 which a person turns heels 
 over head and lights upon his 
 feet. 
 
 Something, n. Anything un- 
 known, undetermined; apart, 
 a little. 
 
 Sometimes, adv . At times, at 
 intervals, occasionally. 
 Somewhat, adv. In some de- 
 gree or measure. 
 
 Somewhere, adv. In some 
 lace not known or speci- 
 ed. 
 
 Som-nam / bu-list, n. A person 
 
 who walks in his sleep. 
 
 Song, n. A poem adapted to 
 
 vocal music; a trifle. 
 
 . ..Soon, adv. In a short time; 
 
 promptly, quickly. 
 
 Soothe, v. To soften, allay, 
 
 pacify, mitigate. 
 
 Sophist, n. A captious or fal- 
 lacious reasoner. 
 
 ........ Sordid, a. Covetous, nig- 
 gardly. 
 
 Sore, «. Tender to the touch, 
 
 painful, inflamed. 
 
 Sorrow, n. Grief, unhappiness, 
 
 regret. 
 
 ........ Sor'ry, a . Vexed, mortified; 
 
 poor, mean. 
 
 ........ Sort, n. Kind or species, class 
 
 or order. 
 
 ........ Sot, n. An habitual drunk- 
 ard. 
 
 Soul, n. The spiritual part in 
 
 man; the seat of real life. 
 
 Sound, a . Not diseased; firm, 
 
 strong, safe. 
 
 • •...•..Sound, n . Sensation received 
 through the ear; a strait. 
 
 ........ Source, n. Cause or origin; the 
 
 person from whom anything 
 originates. 
 
 ...Sou-ve-nir', n. A memento, a 
 
 keepsake. 
 
 Sov'er-eign, a . Highest in 
 
 power, chief. 
 
 Sow, v. To scatter, as seed, 
 
 upon the earth. 
 
 ..Space, n. Place, room; time, 
 
 duration. 
 
 Spacious, a . Having large or 
 
 ample room. 
 
 Spade, n. An implement for 
 
 digging the ground. 
 
 Span, n. Nine inches; small 
 
 space, brief portion of time. 
 
 Spar, n. A mineral; a round 
 
 piece of timber used as a 
 mast, yard, or boom. 
 
 Spar, v. To combat with the 
 
 fists. 
 
 Spare, v. To use frugally or 
 
 stintingly; to show mercy to. 
 
 Spare, a. Lean, meager; super- 
 fluous; scanty. 
 
 Spark, n. A small particle ot 
 
 fire emitted by a body in com- 
 bustion. 
 
 Spasm, n. A sudden, violent, 
 
 and temporary effort or emo- 
 tion; a contraction of the 
 muscles. 
 
 ...... . .Spas-mod'ic, a. Soon exhaust- 
 ed, intermittent 
 
 Spawn, v. To produce or de« 
 
 osit eggs, as fishes and frogs 
 o. 
 
 Speak, v. To utter words; to 
 
 tell, converse, pronounce. 
 
 Spear, n. A long, pointed 
 
 weapon. 
 
 ..Special, a. Peculiar, particu- 
 lar, uncommon. 
 
 Spe'cial-ty, n . That for which 
 
 one is distinguished or in 
 which he is well versed. 
 
 Specie, n. Coin, hard mon- 
 ey. 
 
 Species, n. A sort, kind, va- 
 riety. 
 
 Spe-cif'ic, a . Definite, limited, 
 
 precise. 
 
 Specimen, n. Sample, model, 
 
 pattern. 
 
 .... Spe / cious, a. Apparently right, 
 
 but not so in reality. 
 
 Spec'ta-cle, n. A noteworthy 
 
 sight; an exhibition, a show. 
 
 Spee-ta'tor, n . Looker-on, ob- 
 server, witness. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 75 
 
 Specter, n . A ghost, a phan- 
 tom. 
 
 ........ Speculate, v. To meditate, 
 
 contemplate; to purchase 
 with expectation of an ad- 
 vance in value and of sale at 
 a profit. 
 
 Spec'u-la-tor, n. One who en- 
 gages in speculation; a theo- 
 rist. 
 
 Speech,?*. Language, address, 
 
 oration. 
 
 Speed, n. Swiftness, velocity, 
 
 hurry. 
 
 Spell, n. A relatively short pe- 
 riod of time. 
 
 , . . . . . . .Spell, v. To name, in their 
 
 proper order, the letters of a 
 word. 
 
 Spend, v . To dispose of; to 
 
 pass, as time; to exhaust. 
 
 Sphere,?*. Any globular body; 
 
 province, place of existence. 
 
 Sphinx, n. An image having 
 
 a human head and the body 
 of a lion. 
 
 SpieFer, n. A professional 
 
 sharper. 
 
 * Spill, v . To cause to flow out 
 
 and be lost or wasted. 
 
 ......... Spindle, n. The long, slender, 
 
 round rod in spinning wheels 
 by which the thread is twisted 
 and on which it is wound. 
 
 Spine, n. The backbone, or 
 
 spinal column, of an animal. 
 
 Spinster, n . An unmarried 
 
 woman. 
 
 SpPral, a . Winding rouna or 
 
 circling a center or pole. 
 
 Spire, n • The top of a pyram- 
 idal tower. 
 
 Spirit, n. Energy, vivacity; es- 
 sence or energy distinct from 
 matter; a ghost. 
 
 Spii/it-u-al-ism, n. Belief that 
 
 departed spirits hold inter- 
 course with mortals by means 
 of physical phenomena. 
 
 Spir'it-u-ous, a. Alcoholic, ar- 
 dent. 
 
 Spite, n. Malice, grudge, ran- 
 
 cor. 
 
 ..Splash, v. To spatter water, 
 
 mud, etc. 
 
 . Spleen, n. Anger, latent spite, 
 
 ill humor. 
 
 « Splen / did, a . Showy, magnifi- 
 
 cent; illustrious, heroic. 
 
 Splice, v. To unite by lapping 
 
 the two ends together. 
 
 Split, v. To divide lengthwise; 
 to disunite. 
 
 Spoil, v. To plunder, or rob; 
 to mar. * 
 
 Spoke, n. A small bar inserted 
 in the hub of a wheel. 
 
 Spo-li-a / tion, n. Robbery, dep- 
 rivation. 
 
 Sponge, n. The elastic, fibrous 
 skeleton of a sea animal; onej 
 who lives upon others. 
 
 Spon-ta'ne-ous, a. Willing, 
 voluntary, uncompelled. 
 
 .Spook, ?*. A ghost, an appari- 
 tion. 
 
 SpoonTnl, n. The quantity 
 which a spoon contains. 
 
 Spo-rad'ic, a . Separate, sin- 
 gle. 
 
 .Sport, n. Play, frolic, mirth, 
 pastime. 
 
 . Sportsman, n. One who fishes, 
 hunts, etc. 
 
 .Sprain, v. To overstrain or 
 stretch injuriously. 
 
 .Spread, v. To publish; to ex- 
 tend in length and breadth; 
 to scatter. 
 
 .Sprig, n . A small shoot or 
 twig. 
 
 .Sprightly, a. Lively, brisk, 
 vigorous. 
 
 .Spring, v. To leap, to bound, 
 to jump. 
 
 .Spring, n. Elastic power or 
 force; a source of supply; a 
 season of the year; a natural 
 fountain. 
 
 .Sprinkle, v. To scatter in 
 small drops or particles. 
 
 .Spry, a. Nimble, active; hav- 
 ing great power of leaping or 
 running. 
 
 .Spur, n. That which goads to 
 action. 
 
 .Spurn, v . To reject with dis- 
 dain. 
 
 .Spy, v. To discover by close 
 search; to explore. 
 
 . Squad, n. A small party of men 
 assembled for drill or other 
 purpose. 
 
 .SquaLid, a. Dirty through 
 neglect; foul, filthy. 
 
 .Sqnall, n. A sudden, violent 
 gust of wind; a loud scream. 
 
 .Squander, v. To waste, scat- 
 ter, spend lavishly. 
 
 .Square, n. A parallelogram 
 having four equal sides and 
 four right angles. 
 
76 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 ..Squeak, v. To utter a sharp, 
 
 shrill cry; to make a sharp, 
 disagreeable noise. 
 
 Squeal, n. A shrill, sharp, pro- 
 longed cry. 
 
 ...Squeamish, a. Fastidious, 
 
 easily disgusted. 
 
 . .Squeeze, v. To press between 
 
 two bodies; to crush. 
 
 . Squib, n. A sarcastic speech or 
 
 publication. 
 
 >•.....* Squirrel, n. A small rodent 
 naving a bushy tail, erect ears, 
 and strong hind legs. 
 
 * .Squirt, v. To throw out in a 
 
 rapid stream from a narrow 
 orifice. 
 
 Stab, v. To pierce with a point- 
 ed instrument; to injure se- 
 cretly or by falsehood, etc. 
 
 Stable, a. Fixed, steady, con- 
 stant, firm. 
 
 ...Stable, n . A building for 
 
 beasts to lodge and feed in. 
 
 Staff, n. A long piece of wood, 
 
 a stick. 
 
 Stage, n . An elevated plat- 
 form; a degree of advance- 
 ment in a journey; the profes- 
 sion of representing dramatic 
 compositions. 
 
 Stag / ger, v. To reel or totter; 
 
 to waver in purpose. 
 
 Stagnant, a. Motionless, dull, 
 
 not flowing. 
 
 Staid, «. Sober, grave, steady, 
 
 regular. 
 
 Stairs, n. A series of steps, as 
 
 for passing from one story of 
 a house to another. 
 
 Stake, n . A piece of wood 
 
 to be driven into the ground; 
 that which is laid down as a 
 wager. 
 
 Stale, a . Not new, not fresh; 
 vapid or tasteless from age. 
 
 ..... .. . Stall, n. A stand, a station, a 
 fixed spot. 
 
 ...Stall, v. To plunge into mire 
 
 so as not to be able to pro- 
 ceed. 
 
 StaPwart, a . Brave, bold, 
 
 strong. 
 
 ..Stamp, n. A die; an official 
 
 mark showing that duty has 
 been paid. 
 
 .. .Stam-pede', n. A wild, head- 
 long running away of a num- 
 ber of animals. 
 
 Standi, v. To stop the flowing 
 
 of, as blood. 
 
 Stanch, a . Firm in principle*, 
 
 loyal, hearty. 
 
 ....... .Stand, v . To stop, halt; to en- 
 dure. 
 
 ....... .Standard, n. That which is 
 
 established as a rule or model. 
 
 ....... .Stan'za, n. A number of lines 
 
 forming a division of a song 
 or poem. 
 
 ........ Stable, n. Principal commod- 
 ity of traffic in a market. 
 
 ...... ..Star, n. A heavenly body; a 
 
 person of brilliant and attract- 
 ive qualities. 
 
 ........Stare, n. To gaze, to look 
 
 earnestly. 
 
 ........ Stark, a. Stiff, rigid; gross, 
 
 downright. 
 
 .. .... . .Start, v. To set out, to com 
 mence; to move suddenly. 
 
 ....... .Startle, v. To excite by sud 
 
 den alarm. 
 
 ....... .Starve, v. To perish with hun- 
 ger. 
 
 ........ State, n. Circumstances, con- 
 dition; rank, quality; a com- 
 monwealth. 
 
 ........ State, v . To narrate, recite, 
 
 represent fully in words. 
 
 .... Statesman, n. A man versed 
 
 in public affairs. 
 
 . , ...... Station, n. . Post assigned, of- 
 fice; condition, social status; 
 a stopping place for railroad 
 trains. 
 
 ........ Statue, n. A sculptured like % 
 
 ness of a living being. 
 
 ........ Stature, n. The natural height 
 
 of an animal body. 
 
 ........Status, n. Condition, state, 
 
 position of affairs. 
 
 ........ Statute, n. A positive law, 
 
 act, regulation. 
 
 ........Stave, n. One of the strips 
 
 which form a cask, pail, 
 etc. 
 
 ........Stay (imp. stayed ), v. To re- 
 main, stop, stand still. 
 
 . • • . . . . . Stay, n . That which serves as 
 a support, a prop; continuance 
 in a place. 
 
 ........Steadfast, a. Constant, firm, 
 
 resolute. 
 
 , ....... Steady, a . Fixed, regular, uni- 
 form, undeviating. 
 
 ....... .Steak, n. A slice of beef or of 
 
 the meat of other large animal. 
 
 ....... .Steal, v. To filch, pilfer, pur- 
 loin. 
 
 ....... .SteaFthy, a . Sly, secret, un- 
 
 perceived. 
 
DEAUGHON’S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 77 
 
 ........ Steam, n. Mist formed by con- 
 densed vapor. 
 
 Steed, n. A horse, especially a 
 
 spirited horse. 
 
 Steel, n. A variety of iron 
 
 intermediate in composition 
 and properties between 
 wrought iron and cast iron. 
 
 ..Steep, v . To soak in a liq- 
 uid. 
 
 ........ Steep, a. Precipitous; excess- 
 ive. 
 
 Steeple, n. A spire, also the 
 
 tower and spire taken to- 
 gether. 
 
 * . ..... . Steer, n. A young male of the 
 
 ox kind. 
 
 0 . ..... . Steer, v . To direct the course 
 
 of. 
 
 * Stem, n. The principal body of 
 
 a tree, plant, etc.; the main 
 stock. 
 
 ........ Stencil, n. An ill smell, an of- 
 fensive odor. 
 
 Ste-nog'ra-pher, n. A writer 
 
 of shorthand. 
 
 . 9 Ste-nog'ra-phy, n. The art of 
 
 writing in shorthand. 
 
 , Step, v . To walk, to go on foot; 
 
 to walk a little distance. 
 
 Stepping-stone, n. A means 
 
 of progress or advancement. 
 
 «••••••. Ste're-o-type, n. A plate form- 
 ing an exact facsimile of a 
 page of type or an engraving. 
 
 .. Sterling, a. Genuine, pure, of 
 
 excellent quality. 
 
 Stem, a. Hard-hearted, strict, 
 forbidding. 
 
 ....... .Stem, n. The hinder part of 
 
 anything. 
 
 Steward, n. A person who 
 
 manages the domestic affairs 
 of a club, hotel, etc. ; the fiscal 
 agent of certain bodies. 
 
 ••••.... Stickler, n. One who contends 
 for some trifling thing. 
 
 Sti'fle, v. To stop, extinguish, 
 
 suppress. 
 
 . Stig'ma-tize, v. To set a mark 
 
 of disgrace on. 
 
 Stile, n. A step or set of steps 
 
 for going over a fence or wall. 
 
 Stimulate, v. To encourage, 
 
 impel, urge. 
 
 • Stin / gy,a. Meanly avaricious, 
 
 niggardly, miserly. 
 
 Stint, v. To restrain within 
 certain limits. 
 
 •••••• ..Stipend, n. Settled pay or 
 
 compensation for services. 
 
 ........ Stip'u-late, v. To bargain, con* 
 
 tract, settle terms. 
 
 . . . ..... Stir, v. To move, incite, awak- 
 en, provoke. 
 
 ........ Stirrup, n. A piece of metal, 
 
 wood, or leather for receiving 
 the foot of a rider. 
 
 Stitch, v . To sew or unite by 
 
 stitches. 
 
 ........ Stock, n. The strong, firm part 
 
 of a tree or plan— the trunk; 
 capital, store, supply; domes- 
 tic animals or beasts. 
 
 •••• Stock'hold-er, n. A holder of 
 
 stock in public or corporation 
 funds. 
 
 Stocking, n. A covering for 
 
 the foot and leg. 
 
 ........ Stom'ach, n . An enlargement 
 
 in the anterior part of the ali- 
 mentary canal, in which food 
 is digested. 
 
 • •••••..Stoop, v. To bend the upper 
 
 part of the body downward 
 and forward; to yield, sub- 
 mit; to condescend. 
 
 .... Stop, v . To obstruct, hinder, 
 
 suppress, restrain. 
 
 Store, n. Abundance, supply; 
 
 a place where goods are sold. 
 
 • ••••••.Storm, n. A violent disturb* 
 
 ance of the atmosphere; a 
 violent outbreak. 
 
 Sto'ry, n. A set of rooms on 
 
 the same floor; a description 
 of past events. 
 
 Stout, a. Strong, vigorous; 
 
 bulky, corpulent. 
 
 Stow, v. To arrange in a com- 
 pact mass; to hide, to lodge. 
 
 Straddle, v. To stand or sit 
 
 astride of. 
 
 • •••..«• Strag / gler, n. One who rambles 
 
 without any settled direction. 
 
 • ••••••. Straight, a. Not crooked; not 
 
 deviating from truth or fair- 
 ness. 
 
 Strain, v. To draw with force; 
 
 to injure by stretching. 
 
 Strait, a. Not broad; difficult, 
 
 distressful. 
 
 Strait-laced, a. Rigid in opin- 
 ion, strict in manners or 
 morals. 
 
 Strand, n . A string; the beach 
 
 of a sea, ocean, or large lake. 
 
 Strange, a. Foreign, new; mar- 
 velous, queer. 
 
 ........ Stran / ger, n. A foreigner; one 
 
 who is unknown or unac- 
 quainted. 
 
78 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Strangle, v. To stifle, choke, 
 or suffocate. 
 
 Strat 7 a-gem, n. Artifice, decep- 
 tive device, secret plot. 
 
 • Stratum, n . A bed of earth or 
 
 rock of one kind. 
 
 Stray, v. To wander, as from a 
 
 direct course; to err, deviate. 
 
 • Streak, n. A stripe, a vein, 
 
 a line or mark of different 
 color from the ground. 
 
 • Stream, n. Current cf water or 
 
 other liquid; flow, tide, course. 
 
 • Street, n. A thoroughfare in a 
 
 city, town, or village. 
 
 • Strength, n. Force, support, 
 
 spirit, firmness. 
 
 Stren 7 u-ous, a. Zealous, ar- 
 dent, earnest, valiant. 
 
 Stress, n. Press, strain, urgen- 
 cy, importance. 
 
 Stretch, v. To draw out to the 
 
 full length. 
 
 ^ . o . . . . Strew, v . To spread by scatter- 
 ing; to spread abroad. 
 Strict, a. Exact, accurate; rig- 
 orous, severe. 
 
 Stricture, n. Censure, adverse 
 
 criticism. 
 
 Stride, n. A long step, the space 
 
 measured by a long step. 
 
 .Strife, n. Contest, struggle, 
 
 quarrel. 
 
 Strike, v. To come in collision 
 
 with; to give, as a blow; to quit 
 work in order to advance, or 
 prevent a reduction of, wages. 
 . . Stringent, a. Rigid, severe, re- 
 strictive. 
 
 • Strip, v. To deprive, to plun- 
 
 der; to remove, as clothing. 
 
 • Strive, v. To contend, struggle, 
 
 endeavor. 
 
 ...Stroke, n. A blow; a throb or 
 
 beat; a sudden affliction. 
 
 Stroll, n . A wandering on foot, 
 
 a ramble. 
 
 Strong, a. Vigorous, powerful, 
 
 solid, firm. 
 
 Structure, n. Arrangement of 
 
 parts in a substance or body; 
 a building. 
 
 Struggle, v. To strive or make 
 
 effort. 
 
 • Stubborn, a . Obstinate, head- 
 
 strong. 
 
 Stud, n . An ornamental shirt 
 
 button; a short rod or pin. 
 Stu 7 dent, n . A person engaged 
 in study; an attentive ob- 
 server. 
 
 .Stud 7 y, n. Mental occupation; 
 
 any particular branch of 
 learning that is studied. 
 
 Stuff 7 y, a. Ill-ventilated, close, 
 
 oppressive. 
 
 StuPti-fy, v . To make a fool 
 
 of. 
 
 Stumble, v. To trip in walking 
 
 or in moving in any way with 
 the legs; to err. 
 
 Stump / age, n. Timber in stand- 
 ing trees. 
 
 Stun, v. To render senseless by 
 
 a blow; to astonish, bewilder. 
 
 Stunt, n. A feat hard to per- 
 form. 
 
 . Stu-pen 7 dous, a. Wonderful, 
 
 astonishing, amazing. 
 
 .Stupid, a. Simple, dull, want* 
 ing in understanding. 
 
 Stur 7 dy, a . Strong, firm, ro 
 
 bust. 
 
 Sty, Vu A pen for swine; a 
 
 swelling on the edge of the 
 eyelid. 
 
 Style, n . Mode of expressing 
 
 thought in language; manner, 
 fashion, course. 
 
 Suav'i-ty, rc. Pleasantness, gen 
 
 tleness. 
 
 Sub-di-vide 7 , v. To divide the 
 
 parts of anything into more 
 parts. 
 
 Sub-due 7 , v . To conquer, over 
 
 power, overcome. 
 
 . , - - * . Subject, n . That which is un 
 
 der authority or control of 
 something else; one who owes 
 allegiance to a sovereign; that 
 which is brought undeft 
 thought or examination. 
 
 Sub-join 7 , v . To add, annes, 
 
 join, unite. 
 
 Sub 7 ju-gate, v. To conquer,. 
 
 subdue. 
 
 Sub-lime 7 , a . Exalted, lofty, 
 
 noble. 
 
 Sub-mit 7 , v . To yield, surren 
 der, resign. 
 
 Sub-or 7 di-nate, a. Placed in a 
 
 lower rank, order, or class. 
 
 Sub-orn 7 , v . To cause to take a 
 
 false oath amounting to per- 
 jury. 
 
 ........ Sub-p<e 7 na, n. A writ com- 
 manding attendance in 
 court. 
 
 Sub-scribe 7 , v. To sign one’s 
 
 name to a document. 
 
 Sub-serv 7 i-ent, a. Serving to 
 
 promote some end. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 79 
 
 .. Sub-sid 7 i-a-ry, a. Auxiliary, 
 
 helping, tributary. 
 
 ....... Sub 7 si-dy, n. Tribute, grant; 
 
 support, aid, cooperation. 
 
 Sub-sist 7 , v. To be, to have ex- 
 istence, to live. 
 
 ........ Substance, n. That which un- 
 derlies all outward manifes- 
 tations; body, matter. 
 
 Sub-stan 7 tial, a. Real, solid, 
 
 true. 
 
 Sub-stan 7 ti-ate, v. To verify, 
 
 to prove. 
 
 Sub 7 sti-tute, n. One who or 
 
 that which is put in place of 
 another. 
 
 Sub 7 ter-fuge, n. A shift, an 
 
 evasion. 
 
 Sub 7 tle (subtle), a. Artful, 
 
 crafty, cunning, sly. 
 
 Sub 7 urbj n. An outlying part 
 
 of a city or town. 
 
 Sub-vert 7 , v. To overturn, 
 
 overthrow; to corrupt, con- 
 found. 
 
 Suc-ceed 7 , v . To follow in or- 
 der; to be successful. 
 
 • Suc-cinct 7 , a . Brief, concise, 
 
 terse. 
 
 Sud 7 den, a. Unexpected, unu- 
 sual. 
 
 Sue, v. To seek justice or right 
 
 from, by legal process. 
 
 . Suf-fPcient, a . Ample, enough, 
 
 satisfactory. 
 
 • Suffrage, n. Vote, assent; the 
 
 formal expression of an 
 opinion. 
 
 Sug-gest 7 , v . To hint, allude to; 
 
 to propose. 
 
 Suit, n. Attempt to gain an end 
 
 by legal process; several 
 things used together. 
 
 .••••••.Suite (swet), n. A connected 
 
 series of objects, as a suite of 
 rooms. 
 
 • Sul 7 try, a. Very hot and moist, 
 
 I oppressive. 
 
 • Sum, n . The aggregate of two 
 
 or more numbers; a quantity 
 of money. 
 
 • Sum 7 mon, v. To call, cite, no- 
 
 tify. 
 
 • ••••... Sum 7 mons, n . A notice, warn- 
 
 ing, or citation. 
 
 •••••... Sump 7 tu-ous, a. Splendid, 
 magnificent, luxurious. 
 
 Sun 7 dry, a. More than one or 
 
 two. 
 
 ** ?;? ....Su-perto 7 , a. Grand, magnifi- 
 cent, stately. 
 
 Su-per«er-o-ga 7 tion, n . Per- 
 formance of more than duty 
 or necessity requires. 
 
 Su-per-fi 7 cial, a . Not deep or 
 
 profound. 
 
 Su-per 7 flu-ous, a. Unneces- 
 sary, useless. 
 
 Su-per-in-tend 7 , v. To oversee 
 
 with the power of direction. 
 
 Su-per-sede 7 , v. To replace; 
 
 to be placed in the room of. 
 
 Su-per-sti 7 tious, a. Full of idle 
 
 fancies and scruples. 
 
 Su-pine 7 , a. Inattentive, list* 
 
 less, heedless. 
 
 Sup-plant 7 , v. To remove, dis- 
 place, undermine. 
 
 Sup 7 ple, a. Easily bent, yield- 
 ing, soft. 
 
 Sup 7 ple-ment, v. To add some- 
 thing to. 
 
 Sup 7 pli-ant, a. Entreating, be- 
 seeching. 
 
 Sup-ply 7 , v. To furnish, pro- 
 vide, minister, yield. 
 
 Sup-port 7 , v. To maintain, en- 
 dure, patronize, help, etc. 
 
 ........ Sup-pose 7 , v . To imagine, be- 
 lieve, conclude, regard. 
 
 Sup-press 7 , v. To restrain, to 
 
 put down, to overthrow. 
 
 Su 7 pra, adv. Over, above, be- 
 fore. 
 
 Su-preme 7 , a. Highest, great- 
 est. 
 
 Sure, a. Certain, unfailing, 
 
 infallible. 
 
 .., Sure 7 ty, n. One who is bound 
 
 with and for a principal . 
 
 SurTeit, v. To fill to disgust; 
 
 to overfeed. 
 
 Sur-mise 7 , v. To infer on slight 
 
 grounds. 
 
 Sur-pass 7 , v. To exceed, outdo, 
 
 excel. 
 
 Sur 7 plus, n . Remainder when 
 
 use or need is satisfied. 
 
 Sur-ren 7 uer, v. To yield to the 
 
 power of another. 
 
 Sur-round 7 , v. To encompass, 
 
 encircle, hem in. 
 
 ........ Sur-vey 7 , v. To view with a 
 
 scrutinizing eye; to examine 
 and ascertain, as boundaries. 
 
 Sus-cep 7 ti-ble, a . Impressible, 
 
 tender, sensitive. 
 
 Sus-pect 7 , v . To mistrust, dis- 
 trust; to surmise. 
 
 Sus-peud 7 , v. To hang; to in- 
 terrupt, delay, hinder* to de- 
 bar from any privilege. 
 
80 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 .» Sus-pibious, a. Jealous, dis- 
 
 trustful, doubtful. 
 
 ........ Sus-tain 7 , v . To support, up- 
 hold, assist, relieve; to un- 
 dergo. | 
 
 • •......Swap (swbp), v . To ex- 
 
 change. 
 
 • ••«..*. Sway, v. To rule, govern, in- 
 
 fluence, wield. 
 
 Swear, v. To affirm or utter a 
 
 solemn declaration. 
 
 • Swerve, v. To depart from what 
 
 is established by law, duty, 
 custom, etc. 
 
 Swindle, v. To cheat, to de- 
 fraud grossly. 
 
 • •••....Switch, n. A flexible twig or 
 
 rod; a movable part of a 
 rail or of opposite rails. 
 
 Sword, n . A weapon having a 
 
 long, sharp-pointed blade. 
 
 Syl'la-ble, n . A part of a , 
 
 word. 
 
 T 
 
 ..... c .Table, n. A smooth, flat sur- , 
 
 face; a scheme, a schedule. 
 ........ Table, v . To postpone consid- , 
 
 eration of (a bill or measure) 
 till called for, or indefinitely. , 
 «•••.•• .JFal/leau, n. A picture; a vivid 
 representation. 
 
 • Ta-boo', v . To forbid or forbid , 
 
 the use of. 
 
 • ••..... Tac'it, a. Implied, but not ex- , 
 
 pressed. 
 
 Tac'i-turn, a. Habitually si- , 
 
 lent, reserved. 
 
 Tack, n. A small, short, sharp- , 
 
 pointed nail. 
 
 ..Tacble, n. Apparatus for , 
 
 raising and lowering heavy 
 weights; hooks, lines, etc., for 
 fishing. 
 
 '.......Tacble, v. To seize, to lay 
 
 hold of. 
 
 ..Tact, n . Peculiar skill or fac- 
 ulty. 
 
 Tactics, n . Any system or , 
 
 method of procedure. 
 
 ....... Tag. n. A direction card, or 
 
 label. 
 
 .••..... Tall, n . The posterior append- 
 age of an animal. 
 
 • Tailor, n. One who cuts out 
 
 and makes men’s garments. 
 •••••••. Taint, n . Infection, corruption; 
 
 stain, disgrace. 
 
 Take, v. To obtain possession 
 
 of; to choose; to carry, con- 
 vey; to lay hold of. 
 
 Symbol, n. Anything which by 
 resemblance suggests an idea 
 or quality; an emblem, a type. 
 
 Sym / me-try, n. Due proportion 
 of the several parts of a body 
 to each other. 
 
 ,Sym / pa-thy, n. Fellow-feeling, 
 pity, compassion, condolence. 
 
 Symplom, n . A sign or to- 
 ken. 
 
 Synb-gogue, n. A Jewish 
 house of worship. 
 
 Synbi-cate, n. An association 
 of persons to carry out a 
 financial or industrial project. 
 
 Synbd, n . An ecclesiastical 
 council. 
 
 Syn-on'y-mous, a. Expressing 
 the same thing; identical. 
 
 Syn-opbis, n . An abstract, 
 abridgment, epitome. 
 
 Sy slem, n. Regular method or 
 order. 
 
 .Tale, n. Narrative, discourse, 
 statement, story. 
 
 .Talbnt, n. Mental endowment 
 or capacity; ability, skill. 
 
 .Talesbian,, n. A person called 
 to make up a deficiency in the 
 number of jurors. 
 
 .Talk, v. To utter words; to 
 confer. 
 
 .Tall, a. High in stature; long 
 and comparatively slender. 
 
 .Tally* v . To suit, to be fitted, 
 to correspond; to score. 
 
 .Talbn, n. The claw of a bird 
 of prey. 
 
 .Tame, a . Domesticated, gentle; 
 mild, meek. 
 
 .Tamper, v. To meddle; to use 
 bribery. 
 
 .Tan, n. A yellowish-brown 
 color. 
 
 ,Tan, v. To convert into leather; 
 to make brown. 
 
 .Tanbem, n. A team of horses 
 hitched one after the other. 
 
 .Tan'gi-ble. a . Perceptible to 
 the toucn; readily apprehen- 
 sible by the mind. 
 
 , Tangle, n. A knot of threads 
 or other things united confus- 
 edly. 
 
 .Tanla-lize, v. To tease, vex, 
 irritate. 
 
 .Tania- mount, a. Equivalent 
 
 in value, signification, or ef- 
 fect. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 81 
 
 «a ® * 
 
 . Tap, v. To strike a gentle blow; 
 to pierce so as to draw off a 
 fluid. 
 
 . Ta'per , n. A small wax candle ; 
 a small light. 
 
 . Ta 7 per, v. To become gradually 
 smaller toward one end. 
 
 .Ta'pis, n. Tapestry. On the 
 tapis : Under consideration. 
 
 .Ta-ran'tu-la, n. A large, ven- 
 omous spider. 
 
 . Tar'dy, a. Not punctual; late; 
 slow. 
 
 .Tare, n . A weed that grows 
 among wheat and other grain. 
 
 .Target, n. A mark to shoot at 
 for practice. 
 
 .Tariff, n. A system of duties 
 imposed by a government 
 upon goods imported or ex- 
 ported; any system of rates, 
 etc. 
 
 .Tarnish, v. To sully, stain, 
 dim; to lose brightness. 
 
 .Tar'ry, v. To stay or remain 
 behind. 
 
 .Tart, a. Sharp to the taste; 
 keen, severe. 
 
 .Task, n. Work, labor, employ- 
 ment. 
 
 Tassel, n . The flower of some 
 plants; a pendent ornament. 
 
 Taste, n. Savor, relish, flavor; 
 critical judgment, discern- 
 ment. 
 
 .Tas'ty, a . Being in conformity 
 to the principles of good 
 taste. 
 
 TaFter, v. To rend or tear 
 into rags. 
 
 TaFtle, v. To communicate se- 
 crets, to be a talebearer. 
 
 Tat-to(F. n. A military signal; 
 a mark made in the skin by 
 puncturing and introducing 
 some pigment into the punc- 
 tures. 
 
 Taunt® v . To deride, ridicule, 
 mock. 
 
 Taut, a. Tight, not slack; snug, 
 secure. 
 
 Tau-toFo-gy, n. Repetition of 
 the samemeaning in different 
 words. 
 
 Tavern, n • An inn, a hotel; a 
 public house licensed to sell 
 liquor. 
 
 Tax, n. A charge laid upon 
 persons or property for the 
 support of a government; 
 duty, toll. 
 
 .Tea, n. Prepared leaves of a 
 shrub; the evening meal. 
 
 .Teach, v. To instruct, inform, 
 counsel. 
 
 .Team, n. Two or more animals 
 harnessed to the same vehicle; 
 a gang. 
 
 .Tear (teer), n. A drop of limpid 
 fluid secreted by the lachry- 
 mal gland and diffused be- 
 tween the eye and the eyelids. 
 
 .Tear (tare), v. To separate by 
 violence. 
 
 .Tease, v . To vex, harass, an- 
 noy, irritate. 
 
 . TeclFnic, n. Artistic execution, 
 method of performance in any 
 art. 
 
 . Tech-noFo»gy, n . Industrial 
 science. 
 
 Te'di-ous, a. Wearisome, fa- 
 tiguing. 
 
 .Teem, v. To abound, to be 
 stocked to overflowing. 
 
 Tee-t<Ftal-er, n. One pledged 
 to entire abstinence from in- 
 toxicating drinks. 
 
 . TeFe-gram, n. A message sent 
 by telegraph. 
 
 .Te-leg'ra-phy, n. The science 
 of constructing, or of commu- 
 nicating by means of, tele- 
 graphs. 
 
 TeFe-phone, n. An instrument 
 for reproducing articulate 
 speech at a distance. 
 
 TeFe-scope, n. An instrument 
 used in viewing distant ob- 
 jects. 
 
 TeFe-scope, v . To come into 
 collision, as railway cars, in 
 such manner that one runs 
 into another. 
 
 Tell, v. To communicate, in-< 
 form, reveal, disclose, recite. 
 
 TelFing, a. Effective, opera- 
 ting with great effect. 
 
 Te-meFi-ty, n. Rashness, heed- 
 lessness. — / 
 
 TenFper, v. To soften, soothe, 
 calm. 
 
 TenFper, n. Disposition, hu- 
 mor, mood. 
 
 TenFper-ance, n. Moderation 
 in indulgence of passions and 
 
 of 
 
 TenFpest, n. A furious storm; 
 agitation, tumult, commo- 
 tion. 
 
 
 appetites. 
 
 Tenrper-a-ture, n. 
 
 heat or cold. 
 
 Degree 
 
 6 
 
82 
 
 deaughon’s practical speller. 
 
 .Tem'po-ral, a . Pertaining to 
 time or this world, secular; 
 transient, fleeting. 
 
 . Tem / po-ra«ry, a . Lasting for a 
 time only. 
 
 .Tem'po-rize, v. To comply 
 with the time or occasion. 
 
 .Tempt, v . To entice, allure, at- 
 tract, decoy. 
 
 .Ten'a-ble, a. Capable of being 
 held, maintained, or defended. 
 
 .Te-na'cious, a. Holding fast; 
 obstinate, stubborn. 
 
 .Ten'an-cy, n. A holding, or a 
 mode of holding, an estate. 
 
 .Ten'ant, n. One who holds 
 lands by any kind of right, 
 for life, for years, or at will. 
 
 .Tend, v . To guard, to look 
 after; to move in a certain di- 
 rection. 
 
 Tend'en-cy, n. Disposition, in- 
 clination. 
 
 Tender, v. To offer in pay- 
 ment or satisfaction of a de- 
 mand; to offer in words. 
 
 Tender, a . Delicate, soft, sen- 
 sitive; kind, humane. 
 
 , Tenement, n. A dwelling 
 house. 
 
 Ten'et, n. Dogma, doctrine, 
 opinion, principle. 
 
 ,Ten / or, n. General tendency, 
 course; the higher of the two 
 kinds of male voices. 
 
 Tense, a. Strained to stiffness; 
 stretched tightly. 
 
 Tent, n. A portable canvas 
 habitation. 
 
 Ten'ta-tive, a . Experimental, 
 essaying. 
 
 Tenure, n. The act or right of 
 holding, as property, espe- 
 cially real estate. 
 
 Tep'id, a. Moderately warm, 
 lukewarm. 
 
 Term, n. Limit, boundary; 
 any limited time; condition, 
 stipulation; word, expression. 
 
 Ter'mi-nal, n. Termination, 
 extremity. 
 
 Ter'mi-nate, v. To end, to 
 close. 
 
 Ter'mi-nus, n. A border, a 
 limit. 
 
 .Ter-res'tri-al, a. Existing on 
 the earth, earthly. 
 
 .Ter'ri-ble, a . Dreadful, fearful, 
 horrible. 
 
 .Ter'ri-fy, v. To frighten, to 
 alarm or shock. 
 
 ..Ter'ri-to-ry, n. A region, 
 
 country, district. 
 
 ..Terror, n. Extreme fear; a 
 cause of extreme fear. 
 
 ..Terse, a. Concise, compact; 
 free of superfluous words. 
 
 ..Test, n. Proof, experiment, 
 trial; criterion, standard. 
 
 . .Tes'ta-ment, n. A will; one of 
 the divisions of the IJible. 
 
 . .Testate, a . Having made and 
 left a will. 
 
 . .Tes'ti-fy, v. To give testimony; 
 to affirm or declare under 
 oath. 
 
 . .Tes'ti-mo-ny, n. Affirmation, 
 declaration; evidence, proof. 
 
 . .TSte-a-tSte', n. Private con- 
 versation. 
 
 ..Tetter, v . To confine, as an 
 animal, with a long rope or 
 chain. 
 
 . .Te'trarch, n. A petty king or 
 sovereign. 
 
 . . Text, n . The original words of 
 an author; a verse or passage 
 of Scripture; theme, topic. 
 
 . .Text'-book, n. A manual of in- 
 struction, a schoolbook. 
 
 , .Tex / ture, n . A woven fabric; 
 structure. 
 
 . . Thank, v. To express gratitude 
 to for a favor. 
 
 . .Thanks'giv-ing, n. The act of 
 rendering thanks; public ac- 
 knowledgment of divine 
 goodness. 
 
 ..Thaw, v. To melt, dissolve, 
 or become fluid. 
 
 . .The'a-ter, n. An edifice in 
 which dramatic performances 
 are exhibited. 
 
 ..Theft, n. The act of stealing, 
 larceny. 
 
 . .Theme, n> A subject or propo- 
 sition for discussion. 
 
 . . The'o-crat, n. One who in civil 
 affairs conforms to divine law. 
 
 . .The-oFo-gy, n. The science of 
 God or of religion. 
 
 . . The'o-ry, n. Hypothesis, spec- 
 ulation. 
 
 . .Therefore, conj. and adv. For 
 that or this reason. 
 
 . .Ther-mom'e-ter, n. An instru- 
 ment for measuring tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 . .The / sis, n. An essay or disser- 
 tation. 
 
 ..Thief, n. One who steals, a 
 robber. 
 
83 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Think, v. To expect, guess, 
 ponder, imagine, reflect, sup- 
 pose, believe. 
 
 ....... ^Thirst, n. A sensation of dry- 
 ness in the throat, with a 
 craving for liquids. 
 
 Thistle (fchls^l), n. A prickly 
 
 plant. 
 
 Thorough, a . Complete, per- 
 fect. 
 
 Thorough-fare, n. A public 
 
 road; a frequented street. 
 
 Though, conj . Granting, ad- 
 mitting, or supposing that. 
 
 Thrash, v. To beat out grain 
 
 from straw or husks. 
 
 Thread, n. A small twist of 
 
 fibrous substance drawn out 
 to considerable length. 
 
 Threaten, v. To utter threats 
 
 against; to indicate as im- 
 
 Thrift, nf Economy, good hus- 
 bandry, prosperity. 
 
 ........ Thrill, v . To pierce, to pene- 
 trate; to cause to have a tin- 
 gling sensation. 
 
 Thrive, v . To prosper by in- 
 dustry, economy, good 
 management; tofloi r^h. 
 
 Throne, n . A royal seat; sov- 
 ereign power and dignity. 
 
 ...Throng, n . A great multi- 
 tude. 
 
 ........Throstle, v. To choke, to 
 
 strangle. 
 
 ..Through, prep. From end to 
 
 end of. 
 
 ..5..... Throw, v . To fling, cast, or 
 hurl. 
 
 ..Thrust, v . To push or drive 
 with force; topierce. 
 
 .Thun'der, n. Tne sound which 
 
 follows a flash of lightning. 
 
 . . . . * . o .Thwart, v. To oppose, to frus- 
 trate or defeat. 
 
 • . « . * . . Tick, n . A blood-sucking mite ; 
 the cover, or case, of a bed; 
 the beat of a clock or watch. 
 
 j • Ticket, n. A small piece of 
 
 j cardboard used as a token of 
 
 ' something. 
 
 Tide, n. The alternate rising 
 
 * and falling of the waters of 
 
 the ocean, etc. 
 
 • . * * v 4 « . TFdings, n. N ews, information, 
 intelligence. 
 
 «•««**.. Tie, n. An obligation; an 
 equality in numbers. 
 
 ..Tile, n. A plate or thin piece 
 of baked clay. 
 
 TUI, n. A money drawer in a 
 shop or store. 
 
 Till, prep. To, up to, as far as, 
 until. 
 
 Till, v. To cultivate land; to 
 farm. 
 
 , Tim / her, n. Trees, either felled 
 or standing. 
 
 Timely, a. Seasonable; suffi- 
 ciently early. 
 
 .Time'serv-er, n . One who 
 
 adapts his opinions and man- 
 ners to the times. 
 
 .Tim'id, a. Easily frightened; 
 shy, retiring. 
 
 .Tincture, v. To tinge; to give 
 a slight foreign color to. 
 
 .Tinge, v. To color, to dye, to 
 stain. 
 
 .Tingle, v. To feel a kind of 
 thrilling sensation. 
 
 .ThFsel, n. Something shining 
 and gaudy. 
 
 .Tint, n. A slight coloring, a 
 pale or faint tinge of any color. 
 
 .TFny, a. Very small, little, 
 puny. 
 
 ,Tip / sy, a . Staggering, as if from 
 intoxication; intoxicated. 
 
 .Ti-rade 7 , n. An oration of cen- 
 sure or abuse. 
 
 .Tire, n. A hoop or band 
 around a wheel. 
 
 .Tire, v. To weary, fatigue, ex- 
 haust. 
 
 .Tithe, n . The tenth part of 
 anything. 
 
 .TFtle, n. An inscription; a 
 name, a designation; a right; 
 the instrument which is evi- 
 dence of a right. 
 
 .Toast, n. Bread dried and 
 browned; a sentiment. 
 
 .Toil, v. To labor, to work, to 
 exert strength with pain and 
 fatigue of body. 
 
 .To'ken, n. A memento, a sou- 
 venir; a sign, a symbol. 
 
 .ToFer-a-Me, a . Capable of be- 
 ing endured; moderately good 
 or agreeable. 
 
 .ToFer-ate, v. To put up with, 
 to suffer to be or to be 
 done. 
 
 .Toll, v. To ring, as a bell, with 
 strokes uniformly repeated at 
 intervals. 
 
 •Toll, n. A tax paid for some 
 liberty or privilege. 
 
 .Tomb, n. A grave, a sepul- 
 cher. 
 
84 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Ton, n. The weight of twenty 
 
 hundredweight. 
 
 # Tone, n . Character of a sound; 
 
 tenor, spirit. 
 
 . Too, adv 0 Also, likewise; over, 
 
 more than enough. 
 
 Tool, n . Any instrument of 
 
 use or service. 
 
 ........ Top'ic, n. A subject; matter, 
 
 point, head. 
 
 > Top'sy-tnr'vy, adv . Upside 
 
 down. 
 
 *•0... .Torment, n. Extreme pain, 
 anguish. 
 
 ? Tor-na'do, n . A violent whirl- 
 
 ing wind. 
 
 ***. ....Tor-pe'do, n. An engine or 
 machine for destroying ships 
 by blowing them up; a kind 
 of firework. 
 
 * Tort, n. Any civil wrong or in- 
 
 jury. 
 
 .Torture, n . Pang, agony, tor- 
 ment. 
 
 ..Toss, v . To throw with the 
 
 hand; to cause to rise and 
 fall. 
 
 To / tal, n. The whole sum or 
 
 amount. 
 
 ......ooTouch, v . To perceive by the 
 
 sense of feeling; to come in 
 contact with. 
 
 Tough, a . Firm, strong, not 
 
 easily broken. 
 
 ........ Tour, n. A journey, an excur- 
 sion. 
 
 Tow, v . To draw or pull 
 
 through the water. 
 
 ....... cTo'ward, prep . In the direc- 
 tion of. 
 
 Tow'er, n. A structure ap- 
 pended to a larger edifice for 
 a special purpose. 
 
 =>» Toy, n. A plaything for chil- 
 
 dren. 
 
 00..... .Trace, n . Vestige, mark, token; 
 
 course, path. 
 
 Track, n . A mark or impres- 
 sion left by the foot, or dv a 
 vehicle, etc.; the rails of a 
 railroad. 
 
 .Tract, n . A quantity of land 
 or water; a short treatise. 
 
 Tract'a-ble, a. Capable of be- 
 ing easily led, taught, or 
 managed. 
 
 Trade, n . Commerce, traffic, 
 
 barter; profession, occupa- 
 tion. 
 
 ® 8 ® » .Tra-di'tion, n. Custom or prac- 
 tice long observed. 
 
 .Tra-dnce', v. To rilify, de- 
 fame, slander. 
 
 .Traffic, n . Interchange of 
 
 goods and commodities. 
 
 TraFfick-er, n. A trader, a 
 merchant. 
 
 .Trag'e-dy, n . A fatal and 
 
 mournful event; a drama rep- 
 resenting the sad or terrible 
 phases of character and life. 
 
 .Train, v. To exercise, educate, 
 discipline. 
 
 , Train, n. That which is drawn 
 along in the rear of, or after; 
 a connected line of cars on a 
 railroad. 
 
 Trait, n. A peculiarity, a dis- 
 tinguishing or marked fea- 
 ture. 
 
 Trap tor, n. One who betrays 
 any confidence or trust. 
 
 .Tramp, n. A foot journey; a 
 foot traveler. 
 
 Tran-quil'li-ty, n. Calmness, 
 composure. 
 
 , Trans-act', v. To do, perform, 
 manage. 
 
 .Trans-ac'tion, n. Proceeding, 
 process, action; the perform- 
 ing of any business. 
 
 Tran-scend'ent, a . Surpassing 
 others; very excellent. 
 
 Tran-scribe', v. To copy; to 
 write over. 
 
 Trans-fer', v. To convey, give, 
 sell. 
 
 .Trans-gress', v. To break or 
 violate, as a law. 
 
 .Transient, a. Brief, passing, 
 fleeting. 
 
 Trans 'it, n. Passage through 
 or over. 
 
 .Trans-late', v. To render into 
 another language; to trans- 
 fer. 
 
 .Trans-mit', v. To send from 
 one person or place to another. 
 
 .Trans-par'ent, a. Admitting 
 the passage of light. 
 
 Trans-port , v. To remove, to 
 convey; to carry away with 
 emotion. 
 
 Trans-pose', v. To exchange 
 in respect of position. 
 
 Tra-peze', n , . A swinging hor- 
 izontal bar. 
 
 Trav'el, v. To journey, pass, 
 move, go. 
 
 Trav'es-ty, n. A burlesquo 
 translation or imitation of a 
 work. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 85 
 
 Tread, v. To step; to crush 
 under the foot. 
 
 Treason, n. Betrayal of any 
 trust or confidence. 
 
 Treas'ure, n. Wealth accumu- 
 lated. 
 
 Treat, v. To handle; to bear 
 one’s self toward; to discourse 
 on; to entertain with food or 
 drink; to care for medici- 
 nally. 
 
 Tre-men'dous* a. Dreadful, 
 terrible, awful. 
 
 Trench,??. To encroach; to cut 
 furrows or ditches in. 
 
 Trend, n . Tendency, general 
 direction. 
 
 Trespass, ??. To intrude, of- 
 fend, transgress. 
 
 TrFal, n. Test; attempt; ex- 
 amination, before a compe- 
 tent tribunal, of a matter at 
 issue. 
 
 Tri-buTial, n. A court, or fo- 
 rum. 
 
 Trib'u-ta-ry, a . Subject, sub- 
 ordinate, inferior. 
 
 Tribute, n. Contribution of 
 money, praise, or service. 
 
 Trick, n. A cunning contriv- 
 ance; mischievous behavior. 
 
 Trifle, n. A thing of little 
 value or importance. 
 
 Trim, a. Neat, fair; in good 
 order, or ready for service. 
 
 TrFo (tri'o or tre'o), n. Three 
 united ; a composition for three 
 parts or three instruments. 
 
 .Trite, a. Worn out, common, 
 hackneyed, stale. 
 
 .Triumph, n. Victory; success 
 causing joy. 
 
 .Triv'i-al, a . Of little worth or 
 importance. 
 
 .TroFIey, n. A truck which 
 travels along the fixed con- 
 ductors and forms the connec- 
 tion between them and the 
 trolley car. 
 
 .Trophy, n. A memorial of vic- 
 tory. 
 
 .Trouble, n . Affliction, misery, 
 disturbance. 
 
 .Tru'ant, n. An idler, a shirk, 
 a loiterer; one who stays out 
 of school without leave. 
 
 Truce, n . A temporary cessa- 
 tion of hostilities, for negotia* 
 tion or other purpose. 
 
 True, a. Conformable to fact; 
 right; actual, pure, real. 
 
 Trunk, n. Stock, stalk; body 
 of an animal, apart from head 
 and limbs; a chest for con- 
 taining clothes. 
 
 .Trust, n . Confidence, belief, 
 expectation; an organization 
 for regulating the supply and 
 price of commodities. 
 
 .Trus-tee', n . A person to 
 whom property is legally com- 
 mitted in trust. 
 
 .Try, v. To attempt, endeavor; 
 to examine, test; to subject to 
 severe trial. 
 
 .Tug, n. A small steamboat; a 
 supreme effort. 
 
 .Tuhnult, n. Uproar, disturb- 
 ance, disorder. 
 
 .Tunnel, n . An artificial pas- 
 sage or archway. 
 
 .Tur'bu-lent, a. Disturbed, agi- 
 tated. 
 
 .Turn, v. To give circular mo- 
 tion to; to reverse the posi- 
 tion of. 
 
 . Tush, n. A long, pointed tooth; 
 a tusk. 
 
 .Tu'te-lage, n. Guardianship, 
 protection. 
 
 .Tu'tor, n. One who instructs 
 students. 
 
 .TwFligkt, n. Light perceived 
 before the rising, and after 
 the setting, of the sun. 
 
 .Twist, v . To contort, compli- 
 cate, crook spirally. 
 
 .Twit, v. To taunt, upbraid, re- 
 proach. 
 
 .Type, n. Emblem, stamp, sym- 
 bol, token; a raised letter, 
 figure, etc. 
 
 oTyplc-al, a . Representing 
 something by a form, model, 
 or resemblance. 
 
 .Ty-pog'ra-pky. n. The art of 
 printing witn types. 
 
 .Tyr'an-ny, n . Cruel govern- 
 ment or discipline. 
 
 . Tyfro* n. One who is in the 
 rudiments of any branch of 
 study — a novice. 
 
86 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 u 
 
 U-biq 7 ui-tous, a . Being every- 
 where at the same time. 
 
 .Ug 7 ly, a. Unsightly, repulsive; 
 
 unpleasant, disagreeable. 
 
 ........ Ul-te 7 ri-or, Farther, more 
 
 distant. 
 
 UFti-mate, a. Final, conclu- 
 sive; farthest. 
 
 XJl-ti-ma 7 tum, n. A final prop- 
 osition, concession, or con- 
 dition. 
 
 UFtra, a . Extreme, fanatical, 
 
 uncompromising. 
 
 Umbrage* n. Shade, shadow; 
 
 suspicion of injury or wrong. 
 
 .Um-breFla, n . A shade or 
 
 screen carried in the hand for 
 sheltering the person from the 
 rays of the sun, from rain, 
 snow, etc. 
 
 Umpire, n. Judge, arbitrator, 
 
 referee. 
 
 TJn-. A prefix signifying the 
 
 negative, or contrary. 
 
 Un-a-duFter-a-ted, a . Pure; 
 
 not adulterated. 
 
 U-nan 7 i-mous, a. Having the 
 
 agreement and consent of all. 
 
 Un-a-void 7 a-ble, a . Inevitable, 
 
 necessary. 
 
 Un-a- wares 7 , adv. Without de- 
 sign or preparation. 
 
 Un-be-c©m 7 ing, a. Unsuitable, 
 
 unfit, improper. 
 
 Un-be-lief\ n . Doubt, skepti- 
 cism, disbelief. 
 
 Un-bFased, a . Unprejudiced, 
 
 impartial. 
 
 Un-can 7 ny, a. Strange, weird, 
 
 ghostly. 
 
 Un-cer 7 tain, a . Distrustful, ir- 
 
 resolute, inconstant. 
 
 Un-char 7 i-ta-ble, a. Harsh, 
 
 censorious. 
 
 Un 7 cle, n. The brother of one’s 
 
 father or mother. 
 
 ........Un-clean 7 , a . Dirty, filthy; 
 
 morally impure. 
 
 Un-com 7 mon, a . Unusual, in- 
 frequent; remarkable. 
 
 Un-com 7 pro-mi-sing, a. Obsti- 
 nate, unyielding. 
 
 Un-con 7 scion-a-ble, a. Unrea- 
 sonable, extravagant, inordi- 
 nate. 
 
 Un-con 7 scions, a . Not know- 
 ing or regarding. 
 ,Un-con-vert 7 ed, a. Unregener- 
 ate, sinful. 
 
 
 Un-couth 7 , a . Odd, awkward, 
 
 strange. 
 
 Un-cov^er, v. To disclose, to 
 
 reveal; to take the cover 
 from. 
 
 Unc 7 tion, n. Anything sooth- 
 ing. 
 
 Un-de-ni 7 a-ble, a . Indispu- 
 table, obvious. 
 
 Un 7 der, prep. Below or lower 
 
 in place or position. 
 
 Un-der-bid 7 , v. To bid less 
 
 than. 
 
 Un-der-go 7 , v. To be subjected 
 
 to; to bear up against; to en- 
 dure. 
 
 Un 7 der-hand, a. Secret, mean* 
 
 unfair. 
 
 Un-der-lay 7 , v. To raise by 
 
 something laid under. 
 
 Un 7 der-ling, n. An inferior 
 
 person or agent. 
 
 ..Un-der-mine 7 , v. To excavate 
 
 earth beneath to cause it to 
 fall; to ruin in an underhand 
 way. 
 
 Un-der-score 7 , v. To draw a 
 
 mark or line under. 
 
 Un-der-selF, v. To sell cheaper 
 
 than. 
 
 Un-der-stand 7 , v. To compre- 
 hend, to know. 
 
 Un-der-stand 7 ing, n. Sense, 
 
 perception, intelligence. 
 
 Un 7 der-stud-y, n. One who 
 
 studies another’s part with a 
 view to assuming it in an 
 emergency. 
 
 Un-der-take 7 , v. To take upon 
 
 one’s self; to enter upon, en- 
 gage in. 
 
 ..Un-oer-tak 7 er, n. A manager 
 
 of funerals. 
 
 Un-der-vaFue, v. To esteem 
 
 lightly; to depreciate. 
 
 Un'der-world, n. The lower 
 
 world; Hades, 
 
 Un 7 der-writ-er. n. One who 
 
 underwrites nis name to the 
 conditions of an insurance 
 policy. 
 
 Un-di»vid 7 ed, a. Whole, con- 
 tinuous. 
 
 .Un-do 7 ? v. To bring to naught, 
 
 to ruin; to unfasten, untie. 
 
 Un-due 7 , a. Immoderate, ex- 
 cessive. 
 
 Un 7 du-la-ted, a. Having a 
 
 wavy surface. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 87 
 
 Un-earth', v . To bring to light, 
 
 to disclose. 
 
 ....... Un-eas'y, a . Restless, dis- 
 quieted. 
 
 Un-e'qual, a . Not matched; 
 
 partial, unjust, unfair. 
 
 ..Un-fail'ing, a . Not liable to 
 
 fail; certain, sure. 
 
 Un-fair', a. Unjust, dishon- 
 est. 
 
 Un-faith'ful, a. Violating trust 
 
 or confidence, 
 
 Un-feigned', a. Real, sincere. 
 
 genuine. 
 
 Un-for'tu-nate, a. Unsuccess- 
 ful, unlucky; unhappy. 
 
 . .A. . . Un-found'ed, a. Baseless, vain, 
 idle. 
 
 Un-gain'ly, a. Clumsy, awk- 
 ward. 
 
 Un-god'ly, a. Wicked, sinful, 
 
 disobedient to God. 
 
 Un-hap'py, a. Miserable, 
 
 wretched, sorrowful. 
 
 Un-ho'ly, a . Profane, wicked, 
 
 impious. 
 
 U'ni-form, a . Haying always 
 
 the same form, manner, or 
 degree. 
 
 U'ni-form, n. A dress of a par- 
 ticular style or fashion worn 
 by persons in the same service. 
 
 U-ni-f orm'i-ty, n. Consistency, 
 
 sameness. 
 
 U'ni-fy, v . To unite, to make 
 
 into a unit. 
 
 . . . . . Un-im-peach'a-ble, a. I r r e - 
 
 proachable, blameless. 
 
 Un'ion, n . Junction, coalition, 
 
 combination; harmony, con- 
 cord; confederacy. 
 
 U-nique', a . Unparalleled, un- 
 matched, unequaled. 
 
 U'nit, n . A single thing or 
 
 person. 
 
 U-nite', v. To add, join, an- 
 nex. 
 
 U'ni-ty, n . Oneness; concord, 
 
 harmony. 
 
 U-ni-ver'sal, a. General, all, 
 
 whole, total. 
 
 U'ni- verse, n . The world, cre- 
 ation. 
 
 U-ni-ver'si-ty, n. An institu- 
 tion for imparting instruc- 
 tion, with power to confer de- 
 grees. 
 
 — .....Un-just 7 , a . Contrary to jus- 
 tice and right. 
 
 * .Un-learn', v. To lose from 
 
 memory. 
 
 ( .Un-less', conj. If not, if it be 
 not, were it not that, except. 
 
 . . Un-like'ly, a. Improbable; un- 
 promising. 
 
 , .Un-man', v. To dishearten; to 
 make womanish. 
 
 , .Un-nerve', v . To weaken, to 
 enfeeble. 
 
 . Un-ques'tioned, a. Not doubt- 
 ed; indisputable. 
 
 ,.Un-read' ? a. Not read, or pe- 
 rused; illiterate. 
 
 .Un-rea'son-a-ble, a. Irrational, 
 immoderate, exorbitant. 
 
 . .Un-search'a-ble, a. Hidden, 
 mysterious. 
 
 . .Un-seem'ly, a. Unbecoming, 
 indecent. 
 
 . .Un-sta'ble, a. Not firm, fixed, 
 or constant. 
 
 ..Un-tie', v . To loosen, to dis- 
 engage the parts of. 
 
 . .Un-til', prep. To, up to, be- 
 fore. 
 
 . .Un-til', conj . As far as, to the 
 place or degree that. 
 
 . .Un-time'ly, a. Inopportune, 
 premature, unseasonable. 
 
 , .Un-tram'meled, a. Not ham- 
 pered or impeded. 
 
 . . Un-n'sn-al, a. Uncommon, 
 rare. 
 
 . .Un-wa'ry, a. Careless, heed- 
 less; not vigilant against dan- 
 ger. 
 
 . .Un-wis'dom, n. Folly, simplic- 
 ity, ignorance* 
 
 . .Un-wor'thy, a . Undeserving, 
 worthless. 
 
 . .Up, adv. Aloft, on high, above, 
 
 etc. 
 
 ..Up-braid', v. To reproach, 
 olame, censure. 
 
 . .Up'hill, a. Attended with la- 
 bor, difficult. 
 
 . .Up-hold', v. To support, sus- 
 tain, maintain. 
 
 ..Up'land, n . High land; land 
 that is generally dry. 
 
 . .Up'per-most, a. Highest in 
 place, rank, power, etc. 
 
 . .Up'right, a. In an erect posi- 
 tion; honest, just. 
 
 ..Uproar, n . Great tumult, 
 noisy confusion. 
 
 . .Up-set', v . To overturn, over- 
 throw. 
 
 . .Up'ward, adv . In a direction 
 from lower to higher. 
 
 . .Ur'ban, a. Pertaining to a city 
 or town. 
 
88 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Urchin, n. A pert or roguish 
 
 boy. . , . 
 
 ....... .Urge, v . To incite, impel, stim- 
 ulate, encourage. 
 
 Urn, n. A vessel, usually hav- 
 ing the form of a vase. 
 
 Us / age, n . Custom, habitual 
 
 use, method. 
 
 . Use (us), n. Application, em- 
 
 ployment. 
 
 Use (uz), v. To make use of, to 
 
 put to a purpose. 
 
 * UslPer, n . One who escorts 
 
 persons to seats in a church, 
 theater, etc. 
 
 .U'su-al, a . Customary, ordi- 
 nary, common. 
 
 U-surp / , v . To arrogate, assume. 
 
 U'su-ry, n . Interest in excess 
 of a legal rate charged to a 
 borrower for the use of money. 
 
 U-ten'sil, n. A vessel used in 
 a kitchen. 
 
 .U-tiPi-ty, n. Usefulness, serv- 
 ice, profit, benefit. 
 
 U'til-ize, v. To turn to profit 
 able account or use. 
 
 .Ut'most, a . Extreme, most 
 
 distant, greatest. 
 
 ,U-to / pi-a, n . Any place or 
 
 state of ideal perfection. 
 
 ,UPter, a. Complete, perfect, 
 entire, absolute. 
 
 .UPter, v . To cause to pass in 
 trade; to publish, speak, pro- 
 nounce. 
 
 Ya'can-cy, n. Emptiness; an 
 
 unoccupied office. 
 
 Ya'cant, a. Empty, void; dis- 
 engaged, idle. 
 
 Vacate, v . To make vacant; to 
 
 annul, make void. 
 
 Ya-ca'tion, n. A period of in- 
 termission; rest, leisure. 
 
 ».... ...Yac'ci-nate, v. To inoculate 
 
 with cowpox by means of a 
 virus. 
 
 YacTl-late (vas'il-ate), v. To 
 
 fluctuate in mind or opinion, 
 j£o waver. 
 
 * Y ac'u-um, n. A space entirely 
 
 devoid of matter. 
 
 Yag'a-bond, n. A tramp, a va- 
 grant. 
 
 Ya-ga'ry, n . A wandering of 
 
 the thoughts. 
 
 Y arrant, n. An idle wanderer, 
 
 a vagabond. 
 
 Y ague, a . Indefinite, ill-defined, 
 
 uncertain. 
 
 Yain, a. Empty, worthless; 
 
 showy, delusive; fruitless; 
 conceited, puffed up. 
 
 ........ Y ale, n. A tract of low ground, 
 
 a valley. 
 
 Yal-e-dic'to-ry, n . The oration, 
 
 at commencement, of the 
 leader in the graduating class 
 of a college or university. 
 
 Yal-e-tu-di-na'ri-an, n. A per- 
 son of a weak or sickly consti- 
 tution. 
 
 * ..... . TaPiant, «. Courageous, brave, 
 
 heroic. 
 
 •••• • • * • Yarid, a. Founded in truth; 
 
 sound, good, sufficient; hav- 
 ing legal strength or force. 
 
 YaPi-date, v . To give legal 
 force to. 
 
 Ya-lise', n. A small sack or case 
 for containing the clothes, 
 etc., of a traveler. 
 
 YaPley, n. Space inclosed be* 
 tween ranges of hills or 
 mountains. 
 
 YaPor, n . Courage, heroism, 
 bravery. 
 
 TaPu-a-ble, a . Having value 
 or worth, precious. 
 
 Yal-u-a'tion, n . Value set upon 
 a thing. 
 
 TaPue, n. Worth, excellence, 
 importance. 
 
 TaPue, v. To rate at a certain 
 price; to prize. 
 
 Tamp, n. The part of a shoe 
 above the sole and welt, in 
 front of the ankle seam; an 
 upper. 
 
 TanPpire, n. A blood-sueking 
 bat. 
 
 Tan, n . The front of an army; 
 
 a large, covered wagon. 
 
 , Y an'dal-ism, n. F erocious cru« 
 
 , v. To pass away, tc 
 disappear. 
 
 Yan'i-ty, n. Egotism, pride; 
 emptiness, worthlessness. 
 
 Yan'quish, v. To conquer, 
 overcome, silence. 
 
 Tap'id, a . Having lost its life 
 and spirit. 
 
 Ta 7 por, n. Diffused substance 
 floating in the atmosphere and 
 impairing its transparency. 
 
 Ta'il-a-ble, a. Changeable, 
 fickle, wavering. 
 
 elty, 
 
 YanTsh 
 
dbaughon’s practical speller. 
 
 89 
 
 Ya 7 ri-ance, n . Discord, dis- 
 pute, quarrel. 
 
 Ya-ri-a 7 tion, n. Change, vari- 
 ety, deviation. 
 
 Ta 7 ri-e-ga-ted, a. Having 
 
 marks or patches of different 
 colors. 
 
 Ta-ri 7 e-ty, n. A collection of 
 
 different things, a varied as- 
 sortment. 
 
 Ya'ri-ous, a. Different, several, 
 
 manifold. 
 
 Tar 7 nish, v. To cover with a 
 
 liquid which produces, when 
 dry, a glossy surface. 
 
 Ta 7 ry, v . To modify; to alter- 
 nate; to make of different 
 kinds. 
 
 Yase, n. A vessel adapted for 
 
 various domestic purposes. 
 
 .Yas 7 e-lme, n. A yellowish sub- 
 stance obtained* as a residue 
 in the purification of crude 
 petroleum. 
 
 Yas 7 sal, n. A subject, a de- 
 pendent, a servant. 
 
 • •......Yast, a. Enormous, immense, 
 
 mighty. 
 
 Yault, n. An arched structure 
 
 of masonry; the sky. 
 
 Yault, v . To leap over; to 
 
 bound, jump, spring. 
 
 Yaunt ? v. To boast, to talk os- 
 tentatiously. 
 
 Yeal, n. The flesh of a calf 
 
 when killed and used for food. 
 
 . . Yeer, v. To change direction, 
 
 to shift. 
 
 Yeg 7 e-ta-ble, n. A plant used 
 
 or cultivated for food. 
 
 Ye 7 he-mexit, Furious, vio- 
 lent, raging. 
 
 Ye 7 hi-cle, n. A means of con- 
 veyance upon land. 
 
 Yeil, n. A cover, curtain, 
 
 screen. 
 
 * *...Yein, n. A blood vessel; a nar- 
 
 row mass of rock containing 
 minerals or ores; peculiar 
 temperament. 
 
 Ye-locT-pede, n. A light road 
 
 carriage propelled by the feet 
 of the rider. 
 
 Ye-loc 7 i-ty, n . Swiftness, speed, 
 
 rapidity. 
 
 Yel 7 yet, n. A silk fabric having 
 
 a short nap of erect threads. 
 
 Yel-yet-een 7 , n. Cotton cloth 
 
 made in imitation of velvet. 
 
 Ye 7 nal, a. Made matter of 
 
 trade or barter; purchasable. 
 
 Tend, v. To dispose of by sale, 
 to make an object of trade. 
 
 Tend-ee 7 , n . The person to 
 whom a thing is sold. 
 
 Tend 7 i-ble, a. Salable; capable 
 of being vended or sold. 
 
 Tend 7 or, n. The person who 
 sells a thing. 
 
 Te-neer 7 , n. A thin layer of 
 a more valuable material for 
 overlaying an inferior one. 
 
 Ten 7 er-a-ble, a. Deserving of 
 honor and respect — generally 
 implying an advanced age. 
 
 Ten 7 er-ate, v. To regard with 
 reverential respect. 
 
 Tenge 7 ance, n. Retribution; 
 passionate revenge. 
 
 Ten 7 i-son, n. Flesh of animals 
 of the deer kind. 
 
 Ten 7 om, n. Matter fatal or in- 
 jurious to life; spite, malice. 
 
 Tent, n . Outlet; a small aper- 
 ture. 
 
 Ten 7 ti-late, v. To air; to sift 
 and examine. 
 
 Ten-tril 7 o-qnism, n. The art of 
 speaking in such a manner 
 that the voice appears to come 
 from another source. 
 
 Ten 7 ture, n . An undertaking 
 of chance or danger; chance, 
 accident, luck. 
 
 Ten 7 tur-ous, a . Daring, bold, 
 fearless, venturesome. 
 
 Ten 7 ue, n . Place or county in 
 which anything is alleged to 
 have happened. 
 
 Te 7 nus, n . The goddess of 
 beauty and love. 
 
 Te-ra 7 cions, a . Truthful; true, 
 not false. 
 
 .Ye-rae 7 i-ty, n. Habitual ob- 
 servance of truth. 
 
 .Te-ran 7 da, n . An open, roofed 
 gallery or portico. 
 
 .Terb, n. A part of speech ex- 
 pressing action, being, or the, 
 suffering of action. 
 
 .Yei^bi-age, n. The use of many 
 words without necessity. 
 
 .Yei^dant, a . Green, fresh, 
 
 flourishing. 
 
 . Yei^dict, n. The finding or de- 
 cision of a jury on a matter 
 legally submitted to them. 
 
 .Terge, n. Border, edge, rim, 
 margin. 
 
 .Yer 7 i-Fy, v. To prove to be true 
 or correct. 
 
 .Ter 7 i-1 j 9 adv. In fact, certainly. 
 
90 
 
 dratjghon’s practical speller. 
 
 . Yerl-ty, n. That which is true ; 
 
 truth, reality. 
 
 Yer-miFion, n. A lively and 
 
 brilliant red. 
 
 Vermin, n . Noxious little an- 
 imals or insects. 
 
 Ter-nac'u-lar,^. One’s mother 
 
 tongue. 
 
 Yer'nal, a. Pertaining to the 
 
 spring; belonging to youth. 
 
 . . , Yer'sa-tile, a. Changeable, un- 
 
 steady; turning with ease 
 from one thing to another. 
 
 Terse, n. A short division of 
 
 any composition. 
 
 Tension, n. A translation; an 
 
 account or description from a 
 particular point of view. 
 
 Ter'ti-cal, a. Upright, plumb; 
 
 directly overhead. 
 
 Yer'ti-go^ n. Dizziness or 
 
 swimming of the head. 
 
 Yer'y, adv. In a high degree, 
 
 extremely. 
 
 Testers, n. The evening song 
 
 or service. 
 
 .» Yes'sel, n. A hollow or con- 
 
 cave utensil; a large boat. 
 
 ....... .Test, n. A waistcoat, or sleeve- 
 less body garment for men. 
 
 Test, v. To clothe with author- 
 ity or power. 
 
 Yes'ti-bule. n. A lobby, a 
 
 porch, a nail. 
 
 Yes'tige, n. Trace, mark, sign, 
 
 token. 
 
 Yes'ture, n. A robe, clothing, 
 
 covering. 
 
 YeFer-an, n. One who has 
 
 been long exercised in any 
 service or art. 
 
 Ye'tOj n. An authoritative pro- 
 hibition, a forbidding. 
 
 ..Yex, v . To torment, to tease, 
 
 to plague. 
 
 YPa, prep . By the way of. n. 
 
 A road or way. 
 
 ....... . YPal, n. A small bottle made 
 
 of glass. 
 
 YPand ? n. An article of food; 
 
 provisions, victuals. 
 
 YPbrant, a . Tremulous, vibra- 
 ting. 
 
 YPbrate, v. To move to and 
 
 fro or from side to side. 
 
 Yi-ca'ri-ous, a. Acting or suf- 
 fering for another. 
 
 Yice, n. A moral fault or fail- 
 ing. 
 
 YPce, prep. In the place of, in 
 
 the stead of. 
 
 Yice, a. Designating an officer 
 
 second in rank or authority. 
 
 Yi-cin'i-ty, n. Neighborhood, 
 
 adjoining space or country. 
 
 YFcious, a. Corrupt, wicked, 
 
 depraved. 
 
 Yic / tim, n. One who suffers 
 
 injury from another or from 
 accident; one who is duped, 
 or cheated. 
 
 Vic'to-ry, n. Conquest, tri- 
 umph. 
 
 Tie, v . To strive for superior- 
 ity. 
 
 Yiew, n . Sight, look, inspec- 
 tion; scene, prospect. 
 
 YigY-lance, n. Care, caution; 
 
 wakefulness. 
 
 Yil'i-fy, v. To defame, to tra- 
 duce. 
 
 YiPlain, n. A rascal, a scamp, 
 
 a deliberate scoundrel. 
 
 Yin'di-cate, v. To sustain 
 
 against assault; to maintain. 
 
 YFo-late, v. To do violence to; 
 
 to transgress. 
 
 YFo-lence, n . Fierceness, 
 
 transgression, oppression." 
 
 Yi-o-lnF, n. A small stringed 
 
 instrument — a fiddle. 
 
 ..YFrile, a. Masterful, forceful; 
 
 characteristic of developed 
 manhood. 
 
 YirTue, n . Moral excellence, 
 
 purity of soul. 
 
 Yis / age, n. The face, counte- 
 nance, or look of a person. 
 
 Yise, n. A two- jawed instru- 
 ment for holding work. 
 
 Yi-s$, v. To examine and in- 
 dorse, as a passport. 
 
 Yis'i-fole, a. In view, percep- 
 tible. 
 
 YFsion, n . Actual sight; that 
 
 which is seen. 
 
 YPsion-a-ry, a. Fanciful, un- 
 real. 
 
 Yis'it, v . To attend, to call 
 
 upon. 
 
 Yis'ta, n . A view through or 
 
 between intervening objects. 
 
 YPtal, a. Necessary to life; 
 
 highly important, essential. 
 
 Yi-tu-per-a / tion, n. Severe cen- 
 sure, abuse. 
 
 Yiv 7 id, a. Clear, bright, strong; 
 
 spirited, striking. 
 
 ....... . Vo-cab'u-la-ry, n . A collection 
 
 of words arranged alphabet- 
 ically and explained; a stock 
 of words employed. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 91 
 
 Yo'cal, a. Pertaining to the 
 voice or speech. 
 
 Yo-ca'tion, n. Calling, occupa- 
 tion, trade, etc. 
 
 Yogue, n. Temporary mode, 
 custom, or practice. 
 
 Yoid, a . Empty, vacant; of no 
 legal force or effect. 
 
 Yol-ea'no, n. A burning moun- 
 tain. 
 
 Yo-lPtion, n. Will, choice, 
 preference. 
 
 YoPley, n. A flight of missiles; 
 a burst or emission of many 
 things at once. 
 
 Yolt, n. The unit of electro- 
 motive force. 
 
 YoPume, n. A book; dimen- 
 sions, compass, etc. 
 
 YoPun-ta-ry, a. Produced in 
 or by an act of choice. 
 
 Tol-un-teer 7 , n. One who en- 
 ters into, or offers for, any 
 service of his own free will. 
 
 , Y ote, v. To express preference, 
 eitner viva voce or by ballot. 
 
 Touch, v. To attest, warrant, 
 confirm, assure. 
 
 Touch-safe 7 , v. To condescend 
 to grant; to concede; to be- 
 stow. 
 
 Tow, n. A solemn promise 
 made to God; a pledge of love 
 or affection. 
 
 Yoy'age, n . A passing by wa- 
 ter from one port to another. 
 
 YuPgar, a . Lacking refine- 
 
 ment; offensive to good taste. 
 
 YuPner-a-ble, a. Liable to in- 
 jury. 
 
 TuPture, n. A turkey buzzard, 
 a condor. 
 
 W 
 
 Wabble, v. To move stagger- 
 ingly or unsteadily. 
 
 Wade, v . To walk in a sub- 
 stance that yields to the feet. 
 
 .Waft, v . To cause to move in a 
 wavy manner. 
 
 Wag, n. A joker, a man full of 
 sport and humor. 
 
 Wage, v. To engage in, as a 
 contest. 
 
 Wa'ger, v . To stake, to bet, to 
 lay a wager. 
 
 Wa'ges, n . Price paid for labor, 
 hire. 
 
 Wag'on, n. A four-wheeled ve- 
 hicle for carrying merchan- 
 dise, etc. 
 
 .Waif, n. A wanderer, a casta- 
 way, a stray. 
 
 Wail, v. To weep, to express 
 sorrow audibly. 
 
 Waist, n. The small part of 
 the , body between the chest 
 and the hips. 
 
 Wait, v. To stay; to remain 
 stationary till the arrival of 
 some person or event. 
 
 . .WaiPer, n. A servant in at- 
 tendance; a tray on which 
 something is carried. 
 
 .Waive, v. To give up claim to; 
 to relinquish voluntarily. 
 
 Wake, n. Any track; the sit- 
 ting up of persons with a dead 
 body. 
 
 . .Wake, v. To rouse from sleep; 
 to arouse, excite. 
 
 . .Walk, v. To move along on foot 
 
 .Walk'-o-ver, n. A one-sided 
 contest. 
 
 .Wall, n. A structure of stone, 
 brick, or other materials, for 
 defense or security or for an 
 inclosure. 
 
 .WaPlet, n. A bag for keeping 
 money about the person. 
 
 , W aPlo w, v . To roll and tumble 
 about. 
 
 .Waltz, n. A dance performed 
 by two persons in circular 
 figures, with a whirling mo- 
 tion. 
 
 .Wan, a . Pale, pallid, languid 
 of look. 
 
 .Wan'der, u. To ramble, stray, 
 rove; to be delirious. 
 
 .Wane, n. Decline, failure, de- 
 crease. 
 
 .Want, n. Deficiency, poverty, 
 need. 
 
 .Want, v . To wish or long for; 
 to need. 
 
 .Wan'ton, a. Untrained; per- 
 verse, dissolute. 
 
 , Wan'y, a . Spoiled by wet— said 
 of timber. 
 
 .War, n. Armed conflict of sov- 
 ereign powers. 
 
 .WaPble, v . To trill; to utter 
 musically. 
 
 .Ward, n . A minor or other per- 
 son under the care of a guard- 
 ian; a division of a town or 
 city. 
 
 .Ward, v. To guard, defend; to 
 rep*l. 
 
92 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 . . . Ward'en, n. A keeper; a head 
 official. 
 
 ...Wardrobe, n. A portable 
 closet for hanging up clothes; 
 wearing apparel in general. 
 
 . . .Ware, n . Articles of merchan- 
 dise. 
 
 . . .Warmth, n. Gentle heat; zeal, 
 ardor, passion, enthusiasm. 
 
 . . .Warn, v . To give notice to; to 
 caution against. 
 
 . . .Warp, v. To turn or twist out 
 of shape. 
 
 ...Warrant, n. A commission 
 giving authority or justifying 
 the doing of anything. 
 
 ...Warrant, v. To guarantee 
 safety to; to justify, maintain. 
 
 . . .Wa / ry, a . Cautious, circum- 
 spect, watchful. 
 
 . . .Wash, v. To cleanse by rub- 
 bing or dipping in water. 
 
 ...Waste, v. To squander, dissi- 
 pate, lavish. 
 
 ...Watch, n. A small timepiece; 
 close observation. 
 
 . ..Watch, v. To guard, to be on 
 the lookout, to be expectant. 
 
 ...Watchman, n . A sentinel, a 
 ^person who keeps guard. 
 
 . . .Wa/ter-mark, n. A letter or 
 device wrought into paper 
 during process of manufac- 
 ture. 
 
 . . .Wa'ter-proof, a. Impervious 
 to water. 
 
 . . .Wave, v. To float, to undulate; 
 to move one way and the 
 other. 
 
 . ..Wa'ver, v. To reel, totter; 
 to vacillate. 
 
 ...Wax, v . To grow bigger; to 
 pass from one state to another. 
 
 ...Wax, n. A composition used 
 for uniting surfaces, exclud- 
 ing air, etc. 
 
 v.*.Wa y, n. A road; distance, in- 
 terval, method, etc. 
 
 ...Waybill, n . A list of goods 
 transported by a common car- 
 rier on a land route. 
 
 . ..Way'far-er, n. A traveler, a 
 passenger. 
 
 . . .Waylay, v. To lie in wait for, 
 with the purpose to seize, rob, 
 or slay. 
 
 ...Wayward, a . Disobedient, 
 perverse, willful. 
 
 ...Weak, a . Feeble of body or 
 mind; unwise, unsustained, 
 etc. 
 
 Weaken, v. To reduce in qua! 
 ity, strength, or spirit. 
 
 Weal, n . Prosperity, happi. 
 
 ness, welfare. 
 
 Wealth, n. Riches, abundance, 
 large possessions. 
 
 Wean, v. To reconcile to the 
 want or loss of anything. 
 
 Weap'on, n. An instrument of 
 offensive or defensive combat. 
 
 Wear, v. To carry or bear 
 upon the person; to impair, 
 waste, or diminish by contin- 
 ual use* 
 
 Wea'ry, a. Worn out in respect 
 to strength, etc.; fatigued, 
 tired. 
 
 Weather, n. Meteorological 
 condition of the atmosphere. 
 
 WeatlFer, v. To resist, to en 
 dure. 
 
 Wcave ? v . To entwine or inter * 
 lace into a fabric. 
 
 Web, n. A texture, textile fah 
 ric; complicated falsehood. 
 
 Wed, v. To marry; to attack 
 firmly. 
 
 Wedge, n. A piece of metal or 
 wooa, thick at one end, thin 
 at the other, used in splitting 
 wood, etc. 
 
 WedToclc, n. The ceremony, or 
 the state, of marriage. 
 
 Weekly, a. Coming, happen* 
 ing, or done once a week. 
 
 Weep, v . To show grief of 
 other passions by shedding 
 tears. 
 
 Weigh, v. To examine by thd 
 balance; to estimate deliber 
 ately and maturely. 
 
 Weight, n. Quantity of heavi 
 ness; burden, pressure; im- 
 portance, consequence. 
 
 Weird, a . Supernatural, un- 
 earthly, wild. 
 
 WeFcome, a. Received with 
 gladness; grateful, pleasing. 
 
 Weld, v . To press or beat into 
 permanent union. 
 
 .WeFfare, n. Prosperity, ha]>- 
 piness. 
 
 . WeFkin, n. The vault of heav- 
 en, the sky. 
 
 .Well, n. Spring, fountain; 
 source of supply. 
 
 . Well, adv. In a good or proper 
 manner; suitably, thoroughly. 
 
 Well, a . Not sick or diseased; 
 fortunate, convenient, advan- 
 tageous. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 93 
 
 W ell'-bred, a. Refined in man- 
 ners. 
 
 ........ W elF-nigh, adv. Almost, near- 
 ly. 
 
 Wend, v. To go, to pass, to be- 
 take one’s self. 
 
 Whack, v. To strike, to beat, 
 
 to thrash. 
 
 Wharf ( pi. wharves), n. A pier, 
 
 a quay. 
 
 "Wheat, n. A cereal grass, and 
 
 its grain, which furnishes a 
 white flour for bread. 
 
 Whee / dle, v . To flatter, to coax, 
 
 to cajole. 
 
 Wheel ? n . A circular frame 
 
 turning about an axis. 
 
 Wheel, v. To turn on an axis, 
 
 to revolve. 
 
 Wheeze, v. To breathe hard, 
 
 with an audible piping or 
 whistling sound. 
 
 Whelp, n. One of the young of 
 
 a dog or a beast of prey. 
 
 Where, adv . At or in what 
 
 place; in what position, situa- 
 tion, or circumstances. 
 
 Where-as', conj . Since, con- 
 sidering that, it being the case 
 that. 
 
 .Whet, v. To sharpen; to make 
 sharp, keen, or eager. 
 
 * Whew, n. and inter j. A sound, 
 
 like a half-formed whistle, ex- 
 pressing scorn, astonishment, 
 or dislike. 
 
 Whiff, n. A quick puff or slight 
 
 f ust, as of air or smoke. 
 
 im, n . A freak, fancy, hu- 
 mor, caprice. 
 
 Whine, v. To utter or express 
 
 plaintively. 
 
 Whinny, n . The cry or call of 
 
 a horse. 
 
 , .......Whip, n . An instrument for 
 
 driving horses or other ani- 
 mals. 
 
 * Whip'-poor-will, n. An Ameri- 
 
 can bird allied to the night 
 hawk. 
 
 Whirl, v. To turn round rap- 
 idly. 
 
 Whirlwind, n. A violent wind- 
 storm characterized by an in- 
 ward spiral motion of the 
 air. 
 
 }•••••«. Whis / ky , n . An intoxicating 
 liquor distilled from corn, 
 rye, or wheat. 
 
 .Wms'per, v. To speak softly, 
 or under the breath. 
 
 Whist, n. A certain game at 
 
 cards. 
 
 White, a . Not tinted with any 
 
 of the proper colors; inno- 
 cent, pure. 
 
 Whither, adv. To what or 
 
 which place. 
 
 Whittle, v . To cut or shape 
 
 with a pocketknife. 
 
 Whole, a . All, total; complete; 
 
 uninjured, unbroken; healthy. 
 
 Wholesale, n. Sale of goods 
 
 in large quantity. 
 
 Wholesome, a . Tending to 
 
 promote health; conducive to 
 good. 
 
 Whoop, v. To utter a whoop, 
 
 or loud cry. 
 
 Wicked, a. Evil in principle 
 
 or practice. 
 
 Wick'et, n. A small gate or 
 
 door. 
 
 Wide, a . Broad, extensive, 
 
 vast, spacious. 
 
 Wid'ow, n . A woman who has 
 
 lost her husband by death and 
 has not married again. 
 
 Wield, v . To control, to sway, 
 
 to manage. 
 
 ....... .Wife, n. A woman united to a 
 
 man in wedlock. 
 
 Wil'der-ness, n. A region un- 
 cultivated and uninhabited by 
 human beings. 
 
 Wile, n. A trick or stratagem 
 
 practiced for deception. 
 
 Will, n. The power of choos- 
 ing; a testament. 
 
 WilFful, a . Self-determined, vol- 
 untary; stubborn, refractory. 
 
 Wilt, v. To lose freshness, to 
 
 droop, to wither. 
 
 WiFy, a. Cunning, artful, sly, 
 
 crafty. 
 
 Win, v. To gain by superiority 
 
 in competition or contest. 
 
 Wince, v. To flinch; to shrink, 
 
 as from a blow. 
 
 Wind (wind), v. To coil, twist, 
 
 turn. 
 
 Wind (wind), n. A current of 
 
 air. 
 
 Window, n. An opening in 
 
 the wall of a building for ad- 
 mission of light and air. 
 
 Wine, n. Fermented juice of 
 
 grapes, etc. 
 
 .„••••• .Wink, v. To shut the eyes 
 quickly; to give a hint by 
 shutting one eye quickly; to 
 avoid taking notice. 
 
94 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Window* v . To separate, as 
 
 bad from good. 
 
 W in 7 some, a . Cheerful, merry, 
 
 gay. 
 
 Wire, n. A thread or slender 
 
 4 rod of metal. 
 
 Wisdom, n . Discretion, skill, 
 
 prudence, knowledge. 
 
 Wish, v. To desire, to long for, 
 
 to hanker after. 
 
 Wit, n . Ingenuity, humor; a 
 
 man of genius, fancy, or hu- 
 
 ( mor. 
 
 Witch, n. One who practices 
 
 magic. 
 
 With- draw 7 , v. To take back; 
 
 to recall; to retire, retreat. 
 
 Withe (with), n . A flexible, 
 
 slender twig. 
 
 With 7 er, v. To fade, to lose 
 
 freshness. 
 
 With-hold 7 , v . To retain, to 
 
 keep back. 
 
 With-stand 7 , v. To oppose, to 
 
 resist. 
 
 Wit 7 ness, v. To see or know 
 
 by personal presence. 
 
 . . Wit 7 ness, n . One who has per- 
 
 sonal knowledge of anything; 
 one who testifies in a cause. 
 
 Wit 7 ty, a . Acute, sharp, smart, 
 
 humorous. 
 
 Woe, n. Grief, sorrow, misery; 
 
 a curse, a malediction. 
 
 Wom 7 an, n. A grown-up fe- 
 male person. 
 
 Won 7 der, n. Emotion excited 
 
 by novelty; surprise, amaze- 
 ment; a strange thing. 
 
 Won’t (contraction of will not), 
 
 v. Will not, 
 
 ....... .Wont (wiint), n . Custom, habit, 
 
 use. 
 
 Woo, v. To solicit in love; to 
 
 invite with importunity. 
 
 Wood 7 land, n . Land covered 
 
 with wood or trees. 
 
 Woof, n. Texture, cloth; the 
 
 threads that cross the warp in 
 a woven fabric. 
 
 Wool, n . The soft, crisped hair 
 
 of sheep. 
 
 Wool 7 ly, a. Consisting of, or 
 
 resembling, wool. 
 
 ,.Word, n. Spoken sign of an 
 
 idea; declaration, promise. 
 
 «•••••• .Work, n. Exertion of strength 
 
 4 or faculties; business, duty. 
 
 « ....... Workhouse, n. A house in 
 
 which idle and vicious persons 
 are confined to labor. 
 
 ...Work 7 man, n. A worker, a 
 man employed in labor. 
 
 . . . Work 7 y-day. n. A week day, oi 
 working day. 
 
 ...World, n. The creation, th* 
 universe. 
 
 . . .World 7 ly, a. Human, common 
 secular, temporal. 
 
 . . .Worm, n. Any small creeping 
 animal or reptile. 
 
 . . .Worm, v. To effect by slow and 1 
 secret means. 
 
 ...Worn 7 -out, a . Rendered use> 
 less by wearing. 
 
 . . . Wor 7 ry, v. To vex, annoy, tor 
 ment, tease. 
 
 ...Wor 7 ship, n. Religious rever 
 ence and homage, adoration 
 
 ...Worst 7 ed (wust 7 ed), n. Well 
 twisted yam spun of long 
 staple wool. 
 
 ...Worth, a . Equal in value to, 
 deserving of. 
 
 ...Worth, n. Value, price; excel 
 lence, virtue, merit. 
 
 ...Worthy, a. Valuable; deserv 
 ing, estimable, virtuous. 
 
 . . .Wound (woond), n. A hurt o\ 
 injury caused by violence. 
 
 ...Wrangle, v. To dispute an 
 grily. 
 
 . . .Wrap, v . To cover by winding 
 
 0 or folding. 
 
 ...Wrath, n. Indignation, rage 
 fury. 
 
 , . . Wreak, v. To execute in venge 
 ance or passion, to inflict. 
 
 . . . Wreath, n . Something twisted t 
 intertwined, or curled. 
 
 . . .Wreathe, v. To twist, to en 
 twine. 
 
 . . . Wreck* n. Destruction or injif* 
 ry of anything, especially bjf 
 violence. 
 
 • . .Wrench, n. An instrument for 
 turning bolts, nuts, etc. 
 
 • . .Wrest, v . To turn, to twist; to 
 turn from truth, to pervert. 
 
 . . .Wres 7 tle, v. To contend with, 
 by striving to throw down, all 
 opponent. 
 
 . • .Wretch, n . A base, despicable 
 person. 
 
 . . .Wretch 7 ed, a. Very miserable; 
 worthless, paltry. 
 
 ...Wring, v. To twist and com- 
 press; to pain, distress. 
 
 . . .Wrinkle, v. To contract into 
 furrows and prominences. 
 
 ...Wrist, n. The joint between 
 the hand and the arm. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 . * . Writ, n. A written instrument, 
 
 under seal, from the proper 
 authority, commanding per- 
 formance or nonperformance. 
 
 Write, v. To inscribe on any 
 
 material with a suitable in- 
 strument; to compose, 
 c . * • . . . .Writing, n . Anything written 
 or printed. 
 
 Wrong, a . Injurious, unjust; 
 incorrect, faulty, unfit. 
 
 • Xy-log'ra-phy (zi-log'ra-fy), n. 
 
 The art of engraving on wood. 
 
 „ .Xylo-phone, n. A musical in- 
 
 strument consisting of a series . 
 of strips of wood or glass 
 graduated in length to the 
 
 Y 
 
 » • * Y (wl), n . A portion of railroad . 
 
 track consisting of two di- 
 verging tracks connected by . 
 a cross track. 
 
 .... ..Yacht, n. A light, elegantly 
 furnished vessel. 
 
 ....... .Yam, n. A variety of the sweet 
 
 potato. * 
 
 .Yankee, n . A nickname for a 
 
 native or citizen of New En- . 
 gland. 
 
 .Yap, n . A bark, a yelp, a sharp . 
 cry. 
 
 ....... .Yard, n. Thirty -six inches; an . 
 
 inclosure. 
 
 Yarn, n. Spun wool, woolen . 
 thread; a story, or tale. 
 
 ....... o Yawl, n. A small ship’s boat, 
 
 usually rowed with four or . 
 six oars. 
 
 ........ .Yawn, v . To open the mouth . 
 
 involuntarily through drowsi- 
 ness, fatigue, or dullness. 
 
 ......... Yea, adv . x es — used sometimes 
 
 with the sense of indeed , . 
 verily , truly. 
 
 Yea, n. An afiirmative vote; 
 
 one who votes in the affirma- . 
 tive. 
 
 »» Year, n. The period occupied 
 
 by the earth in making its rev- 
 olution around the sun. 
 
 o o . * . . . .Yearbook, n . Any annual re- . 
 port or summary of the statis- 
 tics or facts of a year, designed . 
 to be used as a reference book, 
 co... Yearling, n . An animal one . 
 year old, or in the second year 
 of its age. 
 
 Wrong, v. To treat un justly ; to 
 impute evil to unjustly. 
 
 Wrong / do-er, n. One who in- 
 jures another, or does wrong; 
 one who commits a tort or 
 trespass. 
 
 Wroth, a. Full of wrath, angry, 
 incensed. 
 
 Wry,, a. Turned to one side, 
 twisted; misdirected, out of 
 place. 
 
 musical scale, resting on belts 
 of straw, and struck with two 
 small hammers. 
 
 Xy-lo-py-rog'ra-phy, n. The 
 art or practice of burning pic- 
 tures on wood with a hot iron. 
 
 .Yearn, v . To long, to be ea- 
 ger. 
 
 .Yeast (yest), n . A preparation 
 used for raising dough for 
 bread or cakes. 
 
 .Yell, n . A sharp, loud, hideous 
 outcry. 
 
 . Yellow, a. Of the color of gold 
 or brass. 
 
 ,Yelp ? v. To utter a sharp, 
 quick cry, as a hound. 
 
 .Yen, n. The unit of value and 
 account in Japan. 
 
 .Yeo'man, n. A freeholder, a 
 man freeborn. 
 
 .Yes 7 ter-day, n. The day pre- 
 ceding to-day, the day last 
 past. 
 
 .Yet, adv . Further, besides, 
 over and above. 
 
 .Yet, conj . Nevertheless, not- 
 withstanding, however. 
 
 .Yew, n. An evergreen tree of 
 Europe. 
 
 .Yield, v . To give in return for 
 labor expended; to pay; to 
 surrender, relinquish. 
 
 .Yoke, n . A frame of wood by 
 which two oxen are, joined at 
 the necks for working to- 
 gether; a bond of connection; 
 slavery, bondage, service. 
 
 .Yolk, n. The yellow part of an 
 egg- 
 
 ►Yon / der, adv. At a distance, 
 but within view. 
 
 .Young, a. Not old, juvenile; 
 in the first part, or period, of 
 growth. 
 
96 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Youth, n . Quality or state of 
 being young; the whole early 
 part of life. 
 
 .Zeal, n. Passionate ardor, ac- 
 tive interest, fervor. 
 
 .ZeaFot, n. An enthusiast, a 
 fanatical partisan. 
 
 .Ze'bra, n. A wild African 
 horse having a white body 
 marked with dark-brown or 
 blackish bands. 
 
 . Zenith, n. The greatest height; 
 the height of success or pros- 
 perity. 
 
 ZeplFyr, n. A soft, gentle 
 
 breeze. 
 
 .Ze'ro, n. Nothing; the lowest 
 point, the point of exhaus- 
 tion. 
 
 .Zest, n. An appetizer; keen 
 enjoyment, relish. 
 
 .Zigzag, a . Having short, 
 
 sharp turns; running this way 
 and that. 
 
 •Zinc, to. An easily fusible, 
 bluish-white metal. 
 
 Yule, n. Christmas or Christa 
 mastide. 
 
 Yule'tide, n. Christmas time. 
 
 ZFon, n. The Church of God; 
 the heavenly Jerusalem, 
 heaven. 
 
 Zith / er, n. A stringed musical 
 instrument. 
 
 Zo'di-ac, n . An imaginary belt 
 
 in the heavens, in the middle 
 of which is the sun’s path. 
 
 Zone, n . One of the five great 
 
 divisions of the earth with 
 respect to latitude and tem- 
 perature. 
 
 Zo-dg'ra-phy, n. A description 
 
 of animals, their forms and 
 habits. 
 
 Zo»oFo»gy, n. That part of bi- 
 ology which relates to the 
 animal kingdom. 
 
 Zouave (zwav), n. One of a 
 
 Aral!) dress and drill. ^ 
 
 ZtFlus, n. A tribe o* *he Kaffii 
 
 race. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 @ At or to. 
 
 A. Adjective. 
 
 Alt First-class. 
 
 A.B. Bachelor of Arts. 
 
 Acct. Account. 
 
 Ad. Advertisement. 
 
 A.D. In the year of our Lord, 
 
 Adjt. Adjutant. 
 
 Ad lib® At pleasure. 
 
 Adinr. Administrator. 
 
 Admx. Administratrix. 
 
 Ady® Adverb; advocate; advent 
 A.G. Accountant General; Adjutant 
 General. 
 
 Agt. Agent. 
 
 Ala. Alabama. 
 
 Alas. Alaska. 
 
 Alex. Alexander. 
 
 Am. America, American. 
 
 Bal. Balance. 
 
 Bank. Banking. 
 
 B.B. Bill book. 
 
 Bbl. Barrel. Bbls. Barrels. 
 
 Before Christ; British Columbia. 
 
 A.M. Before noon; Master of Arts, 
 Anib. Ambassador. 
 
 Amt. Amount 
 Anon. Anonymous. 
 
 Ans., Answer. 
 
 Apl. or Apr. April. 
 
 App. Appendix. 
 
 Ar. Arrival, arrive. 
 
 Arch. Architecture. 
 
 Ariz. Arizona. 
 
 Ark. Arkansas. 
 
 Art. Article. 
 
 Asst. Assistant 
 Ass’t’d. Assorted 
 Atty. Attorney. 
 
 Atty. Gen. Attorney-general. 
 
 Aug. August. 
 
 Av. Average. 
 
 Ave. Avenue. 
 
 Bd. Bond or bound. 
 Bdls. Bundles. 
 
 Benj. Benjamin. 
 
 Bgs. Bags. 
 
 Bills Pay. Bills payable. 
 
97 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Rills Rec. Bills receivable. 
 Bk. Bank; book. 
 
 Bkts. Baskets. 
 
 B.L. Bachelor of Laws. 
 Blk* Black. 
 
 Bis. Bales. 
 
 B.O. Buyer’s option. 
 
 C. Carbon; Congress; Catholic; Church; 
 Consul. 
 
 C.A. Chief Accountant, Controller of 
 Accounts. 
 
 Cal. California; calendar. 
 
 Can. Canada. 
 
 Cap. Capital. 
 
 Caps. Capitals. 
 
 Capt. Captain. 
 
 Card. Cardinal. 
 
 Cas. Cases. 
 
 Cash. Cashier. 
 
 Cat. Catalogue. 
 
 Oath. Catholic. 
 
 C.B. Cashbook. 
 
 C.C.P. Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 C.E. Civil engineer. 
 
 Cf. Compare. 
 
 C.H. Courthouse; customhouse. 
 
 Ch. Chapter; church. 
 
 Chanc. Chancellor. 
 
 Chas. Charles. 
 
 Client. Chemistry, chemical. 
 
 Ch’gd. Charged. 
 
 Civ. Civil. 
 
 C.J. Chief Justice. 
 
 Ck. Check. Cks. Checks 
 Clk. Clerk. 
 
 D. Day; died; dime; pence. 
 
 Dan. Danish; Daniel. 
 
 D.B. Daybook. 
 
 D.C. District of Columbia. 
 
 D.D. Doctor of Divinity. 
 
 D.D.S. Doctor of Dental Surgery. 
 Dec. December. 
 
 Deft. Defendant. 
 
 Deg. Degree. 
 
 Del. Delaware; delegate. 
 
 Dem. Democrat. 
 
 Dep. Deputy. 
 
 Dept. Department. 
 
 Dft. Draft. 
 
 E. Eastern, east; English. 
 Ea. Each. 
 
 Ed. Editor; edition. 
 
 E.E. Errors excepted. 
 t.g. For example. 
 
 Bot. Bought. 
 
 Brig.’ Gen. Brigadier General. 
 Brit. Britain, British. 
 
 Bro. Brother. Bros. Brothers. 
 Brot. Brought. 
 
 Ensli. Bushel. 
 
 Bx. Box. Bxs. Boxes. 
 
 Cml. Commercial. 
 
 Co. Company; county. 
 
 C.O.D. Cash (or collect) on delivery. 
 Col. Colonel; Colossians; column; col- 
 ored (negro). 
 
 Coll. College; collector, collection. 
 Colo. Colorado. 
 
 Com. Commissioner; commission; com- 
 merce; commander; committee. 
 Con. Against, in opposition. 
 
 Conj. Conjunction. 
 
 Conn. Connecticut. 
 
 Const. Constable; constitution; com 
 signment. 
 
 Contr. Contracted, contraction. 
 
 Cor. Sec. Corresponding secretary. 
 C.P. Common Pleas, Court of Probate. 
 C. P. A. Certified Public Accountant. 
 Cr. Credit, creditor. 
 
 Crim. Criminal. 
 
 C. S. Civil Service; Court of Sessions. 
 
 C. S. A. Confederate States of Amer 
 
 ica, Confederate States Army. 
 
 Ct. Connecticut; court; cent. 
 
 Ctg. Cartage. 
 
 Cts. Cents. 
 
 Cwt. Hundredweight. 
 
 Cyc. Cyclopedia. 
 
 D 
 
 D. H. Deadhead. 
 
 Diarn. Diameter. 
 
 Bis. Distance, distant. 
 
 Disc, or Bisct. Discount. 
 
 Dist. District. 
 
 Dist. Atty . District attorney. 
 
 Div. Dividend, division. 
 
 Do. (ditto). The same. 
 
 Dol. Dollar. 
 
 Doz. Dozen, 
 
 Dr. Debtor; doctor. 
 
 Dray. Drayage. 
 
 Ds. Days. 
 
 ®D.Y. God willing. 
 
 E 
 
 Elec. Electricity, electrical. 
 
 Emp. Emperor, empress. 
 
 Eng. England, English; engraving. 
 Engin. Engineering. 
 
 Esp. Especially. 
 
98 
 
 draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 Esq* Esquire. 
 
 Exec* Executor. 
 
 et al. And others. 
 
 Execx. Executrix. 
 
 Etc. And others; and so forth. 
 
 Exod* Exodus. 
 
 et seq. And the following. 
 
 Exp. Expense, expenses. 
 
 Ex. Example; exception. 
 
 E* & 0. E. Errors and omissions ex* 
 
 Exch* Exchange; exchequer. 
 
 cepted. 
 
 Far* Favor. 
 
 Feb. February. 
 
 Fem. Feminine. 
 
 Fig. Figure; figurative. 
 Fir. Firkin. 
 
 Fla. Florida. 
 
 F.O.B. Free on board. 
 
 F 
 
 Fol. Folio. 
 
 Fr. France, French. 
 Fri. Friday. 
 
 Frt. Freight. 
 
 Ft. Foot, feet; fort 
 Fut. Future. 
 
 Fwd. Forward. 
 
 6a. Georgia. 
 
 Gal. Gallon. 
 
 G. A. R. Grand Army of the Republic. 
 Gen. General; Genesis. 
 
 Geog. Geography, geographical. 
 
 Ger. German. 
 
 Hdkf. Handkerchief. 
 
 Heb. Hebrew, Hebrews. 
 
 Hf. Half. 
 
 Hhd. Hogshead, hogsheads. 
 
 Hist. History, historical. 
 
 H.M.S. His (or Her) Majesty's «5dp or 
 service. 
 
 Ib. In the same placfi, 
 I.B. Invoice book. 
 i.e. (id est). That is. 
 111. Illinois. 
 
 Hlnst. Illustration. 
 In. Inch, inches. 
 Incog. Unknown. 
 Ind. Indiana. 
 
 In lim. At the outset 
 Ins. Inspector. 
 
 Insolv. Insolvent 
 
 J. Judge, justice. 
 Jan. January. 
 
 Jap. Japanese. 
 Jas. James. 
 
 Jer* Jeremiah. 
 J.F. J ournal folia 
 Jno* John. 
 
 Can. Kansas. 
 Kv. Kentucky. 
 
 G.M. Grand Master. 
 
 G.O. General order. 
 
 Goy. Governor. 
 
 Gr. Greece, Greek; great; grain. 
 Gro. Gross. 
 
 Gtt* Drop, drops. 
 
 Hon. Honorable. 
 
 Hort. Horticulture. 
 
 H.P. Horse power; high priest. 
 
 Hr. Hour. 
 
 H.R.H. His (or Her) Royal Highness. 
 Hand. Hundred, hundreds. 
 
 Hypoth* Hypothesis, hypothetical. 
 
 Insnr. Insurance. 
 
 Inst Instant (the present month); in 
 stitution, institute. 
 
 Int. Interest. 
 
 In trans. On the passage. 
 
 Inv. Invoice; inventory. 
 
 Io. Iowa. 
 
 I.O.U. I owe you. 
 
 Isl. Island. 
 
 Ital. Italic, Italian. 
 
 Itin. Itinerary. 
 
 Jos. Joseph. 
 
 Josh* Joshua. 
 
 Jour* Journal. 
 
 J.P. Justice of the Peace. 
 J. Prob. Judge of Probate. 
 Jr* Junior. 
 
 Jus* Justice. 
 
 K.P. Knight of Pythias. 
 K.T* Knight Templar. 
 
draughon’s practical speller. 
 
 99 
 
 Lb. A pound iu weight. 
 
 £. A pound sterling. 
 
 La. Louisiana. 
 
 Lat. Latin; latitude. 
 
 L.B. Letter Book. 
 
 Lc. Lower case. 
 
 Ld. Lord. 
 
 Led. Ledger. 
 
 Leg. Legislature, legislative. 
 Lex. Lexicon. 
 
 L.F. Ledger folio. 
 
 M. Meridian, or noon; one thousand. 
 
 M.A. Master of Arts. 
 
 Mach. Machinery. 
 
 Mag. Magazine. 
 
 Maj. Major. 
 
 Mar. March. 
 
 Masc. Masculine. 
 
 Mass. Massachusetts, 
 i Satt. Matthew. 
 
 M.C. Member of Congress. 
 iff.D. Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 Md. Maryland. 
 
 Mdse. Merchandise. 
 
 M.E. Mechanical engineer. 
 
 Me. Maine, 
 tteas. Measure. 
 
 Med. Medicine, medical. 
 
 Messrs. Gentlemen; sirs. 
 
 Metr. Metropolitan. 
 
 fi. Noun; neuter. 
 
 N. A. North America. 
 
 Nat. Natural; natal; national. 
 
 Naut. Nautical. 
 
 Navig. Navigation. 
 
 N. B. New Brunswick; Note well, or 
 take notiee. 
 
 N. C. North Carolina. 
 
 N. Dai. North Dakota. 
 
 N. E. Northeast; New England. 
 
 Neb. Nebraska. 
 
 Nev. Nevada. 
 
 N. H. New Hampshire. 
 
 R. J. New Jersey. 
 
 0* Ohio. 
 
 Obj. Objection, objective. 
 Obs. Obsolete. 
 
 Obsoles. Obsolescent. 
 
 Obt. Obedient. 
 
 Oct. October. 
 
 0 «]£« All correct. 
 
 L.I. Long Island. 
 
 Lib. Librarian, library. 
 
 Lieut. Lieutenant. 
 
 Liq. Liquor. 
 
 Lit. Literature, literary. 
 
 Lit.D. Doctor of Literature. 
 
 LL.B. Bachelor of Laws. 
 
 LL.D. Doctor of Laws. 
 
 LL.M. Master of Laws. 
 
 Long. Longitude. 
 
 L.S. Place of the seal. 
 
 M 
 
 Mex. Mexico. 
 
 Mfg. Manufacturing. 
 
 Mi. Mill, mills. 
 
 Mich* Michigan. 
 
 Mid. Middle. 
 
 Min. Minute; mining. 
 
 Minn. Minnesota. 
 
 Miss. Mississippi. 
 
 Mile. Mademoiselle. 
 
 Mine. Madame. 
 
 Mo. Missouri; month. 
 
 Mon. Monday. 
 
 Mont. Montana. 
 
 Mr. Master, or Mister. 
 
 Mrs. Mistress. 
 
 MS. Manuscript MSS. ManuscriDtA 
 Mt. Mount, or mountain. 
 
 Mns. Music, musical. 
 
 Myth. Mythology, mythological. 
 
 N 
 
 N. 1. The case is not clear. 
 
 N. Mex. New Mexico. 
 
 No. Number. 
 
 N. 0. New Orleans. 
 
 Non-com. Noncommissioned. 
 
 Non Pros. He does not prosecute. 
 
 Non seq. It does not follow. 
 
 Nov. November. 
 
 N. P. Notary Public. 
 
 N. S. Nova Scotia. 
 
 N. T. New Testament 
 N. W. Northwest. 
 
 N.Y. New York. 
 
 N. Z. New Zealand^ 
 
 O 
 
 Okla. Oklahoma. 
 
 Op. Opposite. 
 
 Ord. Ordinance; ordinary. 
 
 Ore. Oregon. 
 
 Orig. Original, originally. 
 
 O. T# Old Testament 
 Oz. Ounce* ounces. 
 
100 
 
 dkaughon’s practical speller. 
 
 P. Page. Pp. Pages. 
 
 Pa. Pennsylvania. 
 
 Par* Paragraph. 
 
 Pari. Parliament, parliamentary. 
 Part* Payment. 
 
 P.B. Pass Book. 
 
 Pcs. Pieces. 
 
 Pd. Paid. 
 
 Per an. By the year. 
 
 Per cent. (%). By the hundred. 
 Pert. Perfect. 
 
 Pharm. Pharmacy. 
 
 Ph.B. Bachelor of Philosophy. 
 Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy. 
 Phila. Philadelphia. 
 
 Phon. Phonetics. 
 
 Phonog. Phonography. 
 
 Photog. Photography. 
 
 Phvs. Phy sics, physical. 
 
 P. I. Philippine Islands. 
 
 Pk. Peck. 
 
 Pkg. Package, 
 
 Plff. Plaintiff. 
 
 P. M. Postmaster; afternoon. 
 
 0. Question. 
 
 On. Query. 
 
 B. Queen’s Bench. 
 
 B. A. Rear Admiral; Royal Arch. 
 
 Rad. Radical. 
 
 Rec. or R. Recipe. 
 
 Rec’d. Received. 
 
 Recpt. Receipt. 
 
 Rec. Sec. Recording secretary. 
 
 Ref. Reference; reformation. 
 
 Reg. Regular; register, registrar. 
 
 Regt. Regent; regiment. 
 
 Rem. Remark, remarks. 
 
 Rep. Representative; reporter; Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 S. Sign; south; shilling. 
 
 Sab. Sabbath. 
 
 S. A. South America; South Africa. 
 Sam. Samuel; Samaritan. 
 
 Sat. Saturday. 
 
 S.B. Sales Book. 
 
 S. ۥ South Carolina. 
 
 S. C. Small capitals. 
 
 Sc.B. Bachelor of Science. 
 
 Sci. Science. 
 
 Scot. Scotland, Scotch, Scottish. 
 Script. Scripture, scriptural. 
 
 Sculp. Sculpture. 
 
 S* Dak. South Dakota. 
 
 P. 0. Post office. 
 
 P. 0. D. Post Office Department; Pay 
 on delivery. 
 
 Pop. Population. 
 
 Port® Portugal, Portuguese. 
 
 Pr. Price; pair; present. 
 
 P. R. Porto Rico. 
 
 Pref. Prefix; preface. 
 
 Prep. Preposition. 
 
 Pres. President. 
 
 Prim. Primary. 
 
 Prill. Principal. 
 
 Prof. Professor. 
 
 Prop. Proposition. 
 
 Prot. Protestant. 
 
 Pro tern. For the time being. 
 
 Prov. Province; Proverbs. 
 
 Prox. Of the next month. 
 
 P.S. Postscript. 
 
 Ps. Psalm, Psalms. 
 
 Pt. Pint; point; port. 
 
 Pub. Public; publisher. 
 
 Pwt. Pennyweight. 
 
 P. & L. Profit and Loss. 
 
 Q 
 
 Or. Quarter; quire. 
 
 Qt. Quart; quantity. 
 
 ({•V. (quod vide). Which see. 
 
 R 
 
 Retd. Returned. 
 
 Rev. Revelation; review; revise; rev* 
 enue; reverend. 
 
 R. I. Rhode Island. 
 
 Robt. Robert. 
 
 Rom. Roman, Romans. 
 
 Rom. Cath. Roman Catholic. 
 
 R. R. Railroad. 
 
 R.S.Y.P* Answer if you please. 
 
 Rt. Hon. Right Honorable. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Right Reverend. 
 
 Ry. Railway. 
 
 S. E. Southeast. 
 
 Sec. Secretary; second; section. 
 Sen. Senator, Senate. 
 
 Sept. September. 
 
 Ser. Series. 
 
 Serg. Sergeant. 
 
 Serv. Servant. 
 
 Sid. Sailed. 
 
 S.O. Seller’s option. 
 
 Sol. Gen. Solicitor General. 
 Specif. Specifically. 
 
 Spt. Seaport. 
 
 Sq. Square. 
 
 1 Sq. ft. Square foot, or square fe^i* 
 
DKAUGHON S PRACTICAL SPELLER, 
 
 101 
 
 8q. yd. Square yard. 
 
 $hv Senior. 
 
 S, S, Sunday school. 
 
 St, Saint; street. 
 
 Stat. Statute, statutes. 
 S.T.D. PoctoiLof Divinity, 
 Str. Steamer. 
 
 w 
 
 Teleg. Telegraphy, 
 
 Tenn, Tennessee. 
 
 Ter. Territory. 
 
 Test. Testament. 
 
 Tex. Texas. 
 
 Theo. Theodore. 
 
 Thos, Thomas. 
 
 Tliurs. Thursday. 
 
 Sun. Sunday. 
 
 Sunds. Sundries. 
 
 Sup. Superior; supplement, 
 Supt. Superintendent. 
 
 S. W. Southwest. 
 
 Syn. Synonym, synonymous. 
 Synop. Synopsis." 
 
 Tonn. Tonnage. 
 
 Tr. Transpose; trustee; translation. 
 Trans. Transaction. 
 
 Treas. Treasurer. 
 
 Trig, Trigonometry. 
 
 Trin. Trinity. 
 
 Tues. Tuesday. 
 
 Typog. Typography, typographical. 
 
 U 
 
 Ult. Of the last month. 
 
 Univ. University. 
 
 U. S. United States. 
 
 V* S. A. United States of America, 
 United States Army. 
 
 U. S. M. United States Mail. 
 
 U. $. K. United States Navy. 
 
 U. S. S. United States Senate; UnifceC 
 States Ship. 
 
 Ux* Wife. 
 
 Y. Verb; verse. 
 
 V. or vs. {versus). Against. 
 
 Ta. Virginia. 
 
 V. C. Vice chancellor; vice chairman. 
 Yice Pres. Vice President. 
 
 Vid. (vide). See. 
 
 Vil. Village. 
 
 Viz. Namely, to wit. 
 
 VoL Volume. 
 
 V. S* Veterinary Surgeon. 
 Vt. Vermont. 
 
 V. Bet® Very Reverend. 
 
 W 
 
 W. West, western. 
 
 Wash. Washington. 
 
 W.B. Waybill. 
 
 W. C. T. U. Women’s Christian Tem- 
 perance Union. 
 
 Wednes. Wednesday. 
 
 Wof. Wrong font. 
 
 W. I. West India, West Indies. 
 Wk. Week. 
 
 Wis. Wisconsin. 
 
 Wm 8 William. 
 
 Wt. Weight. 
 
 W. Va. West Virginia. 
 
 Wyo. Wyoming. 
 
 X. Christ. 
 
 I Xmas. Christmas. 
 
 Y.B. Yearbook. 
 
 Yd. Yard. Yds. Yards. 
 
 Yr. Year. 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Young Men’s Christian 
 Association. 
 
 Y. P. S. Co E. Young People’s Society 
 
 of Christian Endeavor. 
 
 Yrs. Yours; years. 
 
 Y. W. C. A. Young Women’s Christian 
 Association. 
 
 Zach® Zachary. 
 Zech® Zechanah. 
 
 I Z, 6. Zoological garden. 
 ZoftJ. Zoology, zoological. 
 
102 
 
 DBAUGHON’S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 HOMOPHONES. 
 
 Homophones are words of the same sound, but different in spelling 
 and meaning; as: 
 
 all, awl 
 
 blew, blue 
 
 see, sea 
 bin, been 
 
 to, too, two 
 
 week, weak 
 
 tun, ton 
 
 waste, waist 
 
 nun, none 
 ruff, rough 
 
 wait, weight 
 
 nay, neigh 
 their, there 
 
 row, roe 
 
 lode, load 
 
 heir, air 
 
 sore, soar 
 freeze, frieze 
 
 fare, fair 
 
 teas, tease 
 
 sheer, shear 
 
 vain, vane, vein 
 him, hymn 
 
 hew, hue 
 
 flew, flue 
 
 base, bass 
 
 mote, moat 
 step, steppe 
 
 paws, pause 
 clause, claws 
 
 bolder, bowlder 
 
 nose, knows 
 
 gilt, guilt 
 
 time, thyme 
 
 cheep, cheap 
 
 brows, browse 
 
 censer, censor 
 draft, draught 
 
 veil, vale 
 
 peel, peal 
 
 beer, bier 
 
 peddle, pedal 
 
 bale, bail 
 
 made, maid 
 
 pore, pour 
 
 cede, seed 
 
 groan, grown 
 told, tolled 
 
 heal, heel 
 
 beat, beet 
 
 maze, maize 
 
 deer, dear 
 
 nave, knave 
 
 cruel, crewel 
 
 bred, bread 
 
 beech, beach 
 
 reek, wreak 
 
 rein, rain, reign 
 
 retch, wretch 
 
 sane, seine 
 
 broach, brooch 
 
 _ break, brake 
 
 throw, throe 
 
 lead, led 
 
 seal, ceil 
 
 be, bee 
 
 birth, berth 
 
 board, bored 
 
 slight, sleight 
 
 flee, flea 
 
 assent, ascent 
 
 doe, dough 
 
 ewe, yew 
 
 tea, tee 
 
 coarse, course 
 
 dust, dost 
 
 climb, clime 
 
 in, inn 
 
 indite, indict 
 
 so, sew, sow 
 
 teem, team 
 
 loan, lone 
 
 marshal, martial 
 
 fort, forte 
 
 gage, gauge 
 
 poles, polls 
 
 prays, preys, praise 
 
 mite, might 
 
 feat, feet 
 
 scull, skull 
 
 cruise, cruse, crews 
 
 cord, chord 
 
 calendar, calender 
 
 tale, tail 
 
 session, cession 
 
 troop, troupe 
 
 pear, pair, pare 
 whole, hole 
 
 lie, lye 
 
 new, knew 
 
 hair, hare 
 
 male, mail 
 
 tare, tear 
 
 horde, hoard 
 
 aye, eye 
 
 tear, tier , 
 gild, guild 
 
 piece, peace 
 ate, eight 
 
 altar, alter 
 
 pium, plumb 
 
DRAUGHON S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 103 
 
 Tice, vise 
 guise, guys 
 east, caste 
 peak, pique 
 fain, feign, fan© 
 stake, steak 
 boll, bowl, bole 
 core, corps 
 herd, heard 
 leaf, lief 
 current, currant 
 quire, choir 
 signet, cygnet 
 pane, pain 
 waving, waiving 
 raze, raise 
 seer, sear, cere, sere 
 seam, skem 
 breach, breech 
 key, quay 
 miner, minor 
 wether, weather 
 hale, hail 
 
 wright, right, rite, write 
 
 sweet, suite 
 
 dying, dyeing 
 
 faint, feint 
 
 canvas, canvass 
 
 creek, creak 
 
 cent, scent 
 
 earn, urn 
 
 cellar, seller 
 
 fir, fur 
 
 fate, f6te 
 
 f rate, great 
 art, heart 
 lade, laid 
 ore, oar, o’er 
 red, read 
 rude, rood 
 road, rode 
 wrote, rote 
 surge, serge 
 ale, ail 
 aught, ought 
 aisle, isle 
 
 jam, jamb 
 buy, by 
 meat, meet 
 mien, mean 
 need, knead 
 rest, wrest 
 ring, wring 
 sees, seas, seize 
 hour, flower 
 cite, sight, site 
 night, knight 
 higher, hire 
 high, hie 
 forth, fourth 
 fowl, foul 
 hall, haul v 
 hour, our 
 knot, not 
 mane, main 
 one, won 
 oh, owe 
 nice, gneiss 
 slay, sleigh 
 style, stile 
 straight, strait 
 sole, soul 
 throne, thrown 
 bridal, bridle 
 bell, belle 
 beau, bow 
 bough, bow 
 toe, tow 
 plane, plain 
 kill, kiln 
 steal, steel 
 stare, stair 
 peer, pier 
 colonel, kernel 
 shoe, shoo 
 hoes, hose 
 phlox, flocks 
 metal, mettle 
 bore, boar 
 navel, naval 
 dam, damn 
 
 HOMONYMS. 
 
 Homonyms are words of the same sound and spelling, but different 
 in meaning; as, the noun bear and the verb bear; 'pound , meaning to 
 strike; pound , meaning an inclosure; pound , meaning a weight. 
 
 butt 
 
 ground 
 
 meal 
 
 board 
 
 sty 
 
 scuttle 
 
 bowl 
 
 mill 
 
 lawn 
 
 can 
 
 page 
 
 cashier 
 
 host 
 
 prize 
 
 crane 
 
 grate 
 
 ground 
 
 lighter 
 
 last 
 
 low 
 
 steer 
 
 quail 
 
 meter 
 
 cricket 
 
 left 
 
 mast 
 
 deck 
 
 ounce 
 
 muzzle 
 
 swallow 
 
 range 
 
 mass 
 
 rear 
 
 league 
 
 cobble 
 
 gammon 
 
 ease 
 
 mace 
 
 scale 
 
 quarry 
 
 temple 
 
 corporal 
 
BOOKS 
 
 PUBLISHED 
 
 BY THE 
 
 ' H* 
 
 Draughon Text-Book Company, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Special discount to schools and teachers . Write for prices . 
 
 “Braughon’s Progressive Bookkeep- 
 ing 1 and Business Manual, Bart I.” A 
 
 book by the use of which Bookkeeping 
 can be taught by mail as well as at 
 college; a book which gives a Course 
 of Bookkeeping which is sufficiently 
 extensive for ordinary purposes; a 
 book which could well have been given 
 the title “Teacher,” because it teaches 
 Bookkeeping, leaving the teacher noth- 
 ing to do except to see that the stu- 
 dent does what the book not only tells, 
 but also shows, how to do; a book 
 which not only teaches Bookkeeping, 
 but also teaches business customs, 
 i _ “Draughon’s Progressive Bookkeep- 
 ing, Part H.” A book on Corporation 
 Procedure, Corporation Bookkeeping, 
 Higher Accounting, Banking, and Busi- 
 ness Efficiency. More than one hun- 
 dred pages of this book are devoted to 
 Corporation Procedure and Corporation 
 Bookkeeping, every phase of the sub- 
 ject being treated and every step in 
 the organization of a corporation be- 
 ing given, with full instruction as to 
 its liquidation. The book shows, both 
 by illustrative entries and by words, 
 how to apply the subjects treated. 
 
 “Draughon’s tetter Writer.” A book 
 which teaches one how to write both 
 business and social letters, giving full 
 instructions as to construction, punc- 
 tuation, capitalization, and the like. 
 
 “Draughon’s Graham-Pitman System 
 of Shorthand Simplified.” A book 
 which teaches Shorthand in about one- 
 third the time required by the old 
 method of teaching it. 
 
 _ “Draughon’s Advanced Drills on Gra- 
 ham-Pitman System of Shorthand.” A 
 book prepared for advanced students 
 of the Graham and other Pitmanic Sys- 
 tems of Shorthand. By the study of 
 this book, a stenographer can increase 
 his speed and make of himself more 
 than an amanuensis make himself 
 competent to report speeches, sermons, 
 court proceedings, and the like. 
 
 “Draughon’* Shorthand Dictionary.” 
 A book which contains twenty thou- 
 sand words in everyday use, with the 
 definition and the pronunciation of and 
 the correct Shorthand outline for each 
 word. r The book is adaptable to any 
 of the Pitmanic Systems. 
 
 “Draughon’* Dictation S*ndiee.” % 
 
 book which contains not only many 
 pages of Shorthand notes, but also 
 many dictation exercises — letters for 
 the teacher to dictate to the student, 
 letters representing various lines of 
 business — and the like. The book can 
 be used to advantage by a student of 
 any system of Shorthand. 
 
 “Draughon’s Touch-Typewriting In- 
 structor.” A book giving instruction 
 for the operation of any typewriter 
 having a standard keyboard. 
 
 “Draughon’s English Grammar Made 
 Easy.” A book by the study of which 
 one can get, within a few weeks, a 
 working knowledge of English. 
 
 “Draughon’s Practical Speller-Dic- 
 tionary.” A combination book, being 
 both a speller and a dictionary. ^ It 
 contains five thousand words — -every- 
 day business words — with condensed, 
 practical definitions. There is, adja- 
 cent to each word in the book’s vocab- 
 ulary, a blank space for the word’s 
 Shorthand outline, which is supplied 
 by the Shorthand student, no matter 
 what system he writes. When the stu- 
 dent writes the Shorthand outlines for 
 all the words, he is a joint compiler, 
 so to speak, of his Shorthand diction- 
 ary. With this book, students and oth- 
 ers may be taught, or may teach them- 
 selves, how to spell correctly. 
 
 “Draughon’s Manual on Business 
 Writing.” A book which teaches one 
 how to write a good business hand. 
 
 “Draughon’s Commercial Arithme- 
 tic.” A book which teaches Business 
 Arithmetic, giving short cuts in cal- 
 culation and the like; a book which 
 is indispensable to bookkeepers, bill 
 clerks, and others. 
 
 “Draughon’s Commercial Daw.” A 
 
 book which gives a practical course in 
 business law — a course that is indis- 
 pensable to the farmer, the mechanic, 
 the business man, and others. 
 
 Other Supplies for Students 
 
 We also carry in stock, for sale, 
 blank Ledgers, Cashbooks, Journals, 
 Sales Books, and Billheads; College 
 Currency, Typewriter Paper,- Short- 
 hand Tablets, Pens, Pencils, and Pen- 
 holders; blank Notes, Checks, Drafts, 
 Note Registers; Rulers, and the like. 
 

 
 
 
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