THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY 342.08 Ir8a 1&37-2>1, sup. /S'?*- 27 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/annalsofourtimed1878irvi SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNALS OF OUR TIME. SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNALS OF OUR TIME A DIURNAL OF EVENTS SOCIAL AND POLITICAL, HOME AND FOREIGN FROM JULY 22, 1878, to the JUBILEE, JUNE 20, 1887 BY JOSEPH IRVING Sfmtbxrit MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1889 Richard Clay and Sons, Limited, LONDON AND BUNGAY. Cj ^ 2,0 % .• Z r f is - & /137-3I CN iSt c-i CS| TABLE OF ADMINISTRATIONS, 1874 TO 1886. °Q O 437831 TABLE OF ADMINIS- Earl Beaconsfield. 1874. W. E. Gladstone. 1880. First Xiord of the Treasury Earl Beaconsfield. W. E. Gladstone. Lord Chancellor Earl Cairns. Lord Selbome. Lord President of Council Duke cf Richmond. Earl Spencer. Lord Privy Seal Du. of Northumberland. Duke of Argyll. Chancellor of Exchequer Sir S. Northcote. (W. E. Gladstone. ( (H. C. E. Childers. / Home Secretary R. A. Cross. Sir W. Harcourt. Foreign Secretary /Earl Derby. 1 (Marquis of Salisbury. / Earl Granville. Colonial Secretary .......... Sir M. Hicks-Beach. (Earl of Kimberley. ( (Earl Derby. / War Secretary Colonel F. A. Stanley. ILL C. E. Childers. (Lord Hartington. Indian Secretary (Marquis of Salisbury. (Viscount Cranbrook. I.ord Hartington. \ Earl of Kimberley. J Board of Trade Viscount Sandon. J. Chamberlain. Duchy of Lancaster ......... Colonel T. E. Taylor. ( J . Bright. ( J. J. Dodson. > (G. 0 . Trevelyan. ) Postmaster-General Lord J. Manners. H. Fawcett. First Lord of Admiralty W. H. Smith. Earl Northbrook. Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland ..... Duke of Marlborough. (Earl Cowper. i (Earl Spencer. / Chief Secretary for Ireland .... (Sir M. E. H. -Beach. (James Lowther. (W. E. Forster. i (Lord F. Cavendish. 1 |G. O. Trevelyan. (Campbell-Bannerman. ) Secretary for Scotland - - Woods and Forests (Public Works) . . G. J. Noel. (Sir W. P. Adam. ( G. J. Shaw-Lefevre. > (Earl Rosebery. / Attorney-General ........... Sir J. Holker. Sir H. James. Solicitor-General ........... Sir H. S. Giffard. Sir F. Herschell. Lord Advocate (Scotland) ..... Win. Watson, /T. M‘Laren. \ (J. B. Balfour. / Resigned f As result of General < Election (see p. 1 1332)- Defeated on Budget proposals by 264 to 252 votes (see p. Duration 6 years 67 days. S years 57 days. TRATIONS — 1874 to 1 886. Marquis, of Salisbury. 1885. W. E. Gladstone. 1886. Marquis of Salisbury. • 1886. Lord Iddesleigh. W. E. Gladstone. f Marquis of Salisbury. 1 W. H. Smith. Earl Cairns. Lord Herschell. Lord Halsbury. Viscount Cranbrook. Earl Spencer. Viscount Cranbrook. Earl of Harrowby. W. E. Gladstone. Earl Cadogan. SirM. E. Hicks-Beach. SirW. V. Harcourt. f Lord R. Churchill. \ G. J. Goschen. Sir R. A. Cross. H. C. E. Childers. H. Matthews. Marquis of Salisbury. Earl Rosebery. f Lord Iddesleigh. 1 Marquis of Salisbury. Sir F. A. Stanley. Earl Granville. f E. Stanhope. \ Lord Knutsford. W. H. Smith. \ Viscount Cranbrook. / H. Campbell-Bannerman. f W. H. Smith. 1 Ed. Stanhope. Lord R. Churchill. Earl of Kimberley. Lord Cross. Duke of Richmond- A. J. Mundella. f Lord Stanley. \ Sir M. E. Hicks-Beach. H. Chaplin. / E. Heneage. \ \ SirU. J. Kay-Shuttleworth./ Duke of Rutland. Lord J. Manners. Lord Wolverton. H. C. Raikes. Lord G. F. Hamilton. Marquis of Ripen. Lord G. F. Hamilton. Earl Carnarvon. Earl of Aberdeen. Lord Londonderry. Sir W. Hart-Dyke. 1 W. H. Smith. j John Morley. / Sir M. E. Hicks-Beach. t A. J. Balfour. Duke of Richmond. Earl of Dalhousie. ( A. J. Balfour. \ Marquis of Lothian. D. R. Plunkett. Earl of Morley D. R. Plunkett. Sir R. E. Webster. Sir C. Russell. Sir R. E. Webster. Sir J. E. Gorst. Sir H. Davey. Sir E. Clarke. J. H. A. Macdonald. J. B. Balfour. f J. H. A. Macdonald. 1 J. P. B. Robertson. Defeated on Allotments amendment by 329 to 250 (see p. 1510). As result of General Election (seep. 1554). 227 days. 178 days. 1 1 ERRATA, March 14th, 1887. — For printed paragraph ready ‘‘Opening of the Alexandra House, Kensington Gore, by the Prince and Princess of Wales. The site was granted by the Royal Commissioners of 1851, and the building was erected at a cost of over 50,000/., and presented to the Princess of Wales, by Sir Francis Cook, Bart., for the accommodation of art students on the South Kensington estate : half of them being pupils of the Royal College of Music* which adjoins the Alexandra House.” P. 1617, second column, line 2 % y for “Duke of Westminster” read “ Dean of Westminster.” ANNALS OF OUR TIME July 22 . — The Queen, in a private audience at Osborne, invests Lord Beaconsfield with the Order of the Garter, the other ribbon at her Majesty’s disposal being conferred on Lord Salisbury by express desire, it was understood, of the Prime Minister. 23 . — Royal Message to both Houses of Parliament intimating marriage of Duke of Connaught and Princess Louise Margaret, daughter of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia. The customary addresses were moved two days afterwards, and provision also made for the royal pair, after considerable discussion in the Commons. — Died, at the great age of 96, Tibbie Shiels (Mrs. Richardson), famous in the days of Scott, Wilson, and Hogg, and well known since to anglers as the blythesome landlady of St. Mary’s Cottage, at St. Mary’s Loch, Selkirk- shire. — Came on before Vice-Chancellor Malins, the case of the Agar-Ellis infants, involving the validity of a promise alleged to have been made by a Protestant prior to his marriage with a Rorpan Catholic that all the children of the marriage should be brought up in the Roman Catholic faith. Shortly after the birth of the eldest child, the father retracted the promise, directed his wife to have the children educated as Protestants, subsequently engaged Pro- testant governesses, and habitually took them to Protestant churches on Sunday. The wife, unknown to the husband, took the children on week days to confession and services at Roman 1291 Catholic churches, and imbued their minds with the distinctive doctrines of that church, till at last the children, three girls of the respective ages of twelve, eleven, and nine, refused to accompany their father to Protestant places of worship. The father having expressed his intention to send them away from home to the care of a Pro- testant clergyman, the mother presented a petition under the Infants Custody Act, 1873, for an order preventing the children from being deprived of her care and society, and for directions as to their education which would admit of their being brought up in the Roman Catholic faith. Appeal dismissed, with costs. 27 . — Congratulatory banquet to Lord Beaconsfield and Lord Salisbury in the Riding School at Knightsb ridge Barracks, the Duke of Buccleuch, who presided, speaking of the Prime Minister as “a con- queror who had conquered war and brought back peace.” Referring to Mr. Gladstone’s description of the Convention of Constanti- nople as “an insane Convention” the Premier said, “That is a strong epithet, but I do not pretend to be as competent a judge of insanity as the right hon. gentleman who used it. I will say not to the right hon. gentleman what I had occasion to say in the House of Lords this year, ‘ Naviget Anticyram ; ’ but I would put this issue to an intelligent English jury — Which do you believe most likely to enter into an insane convention, a body of English gentlemen honoured by the favour of their sovereign X * AUGUST 1 8 79 AUG UST and the confidence of their fellow-subjects, managing your affairs for five years, I hope with prudence and not altogether without success, or a sophistical rhetorician, inebriated with the exuberance of his own verbosity and gifted with an egotistical imagination that can at all times command an interminable and inconsistent series of arguments to malign his opponents and to glorify him- self?” In the course of a short corres- pondence which arose out of these remarks, Lord Beaconsfield declined to search through his recent speeches for the purpose of satisfying Mr. Gladstone. 27 . — Unveiling of statue erected in honour of Dr. Chalmers, George Street, Edinburgh. 29 . — Debate renewed in both Houses concerning protocols of Berlin Congress. In the Lords, the Earl of Rosebery delivered an amusing speech describing the policy of the Government as a policy of obscurity enlivened by sarcasm. The Schouvaloff agreement reminded him of nothing so much as Bottom’s reply in “ Midsummer Night’s Dream ” when Starveling suggests that, after all, the killing must be left out. “Not a whit ; ” but a prologue must be written seeming to say “We will do no harm with our swords, and that Pyramus is not killed indeed. This will put them out of fear.” — In the Commons, Lord Hartington moved resolutions expressing regret at the unsatisfactory manner in which the claims of Greece had been met at the Congress, and condemning the unnecessary extension of our military liabilities and the undefined engagements entered into without the previous knowledge or authority of Parliament. In course of debate Mr. Gladstone spoke for two hours and a half, warning the House against a policy, concocted in the dark and as yet only half revealed, for increasing responsibility without inci'easing strength by laying new burdens on the backs of a too- confiding people. The debate went on till August 2nd, when the resolutions were re- jected by a majority of 143 in a House of 533 members. — The Marquis of Lome announced as Lord Dufferin’s successor in the Governor- Generalship of Canada. August 1 . — Ceremonial cutting at Greenock of the first sod of a new wet dock (afterwards named in honour of James Watt) by Provost and Mrs. Lyle. *— Died, aged 79, John, Lord Cowan, Senator of the College of Justice, Edinburgh. 3 . — Lord Beaconsfield and Lord Salisbury, 1292 “ the two heroes of the day,” as they came to be called, presented with the freedom of the City of London, and afterwards entertained at a banquet in the Guildhall presided over by the Lord Mayor. The Prime Minister spoke of the Berlin Congress as resulting in an enduring peace by which all the Powers concerned would be benefited. Two days later their Lordships, who for the time being represented, or rather acted for the entire Cabinet, received at the Foreign Office a huge deputation representing the Conservative Associations of England and Wales. 3 . — The Austrians proceed to occupy Bosnia, within which territory an Italian consul had a few days previously been murdered by in- surgents. — New bridge in Regent’s Park, near Gloucester Gate entrance, opened by his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, Ranger of the Park. — Mdlle. Dodu decorated with the Legion of Honour in consideration of dexterous telegraphic service rendered to her country during the war with Germany. 6 . — Sir S. Northcote submits a supple* mentary financial statement anticipatory of a vote for an extra sum of ^2,618,000 “in- curred to prevent war,” and to be raised in the first instance by Exchequer Bonds. Mr. Gladstone, following Mr. Childers, contended that the Government were sapping all the principles of financial control by concealing expenditure and under-estimating, while the practice of spreading charges over years was not only delusive but contrary to all the precedents of all British finance. In the course of an otherwise somewhat sharp discussion the Speaker was under the ne- cessity of “naming” Major O’Gorman, who, however, made a becoming apology next day. 7 . — Home-coming of the Earl and Countess of Rosebery celebrated with much heartiness by the tenantry around Dalmeny. 8 . — Disastrous railway collision reported from New* York, the Great Southern Express, while rounding a curve after crossing the Ohio, being run full into by a freight train, and fourteen passengers killed on the spot. Sur- vivors were rescued with difficulty, the night being dark and the officials in most instances requiring to be assisted themselves. 13 . — Undeterred by unfavourable weather, her Majesty leaves Osborne for the purpose of. reviewing the Special Service Fleet at Spithead. AUGUST 1878 SEPTEMBER 13 . — Died at Brechin, aged 65, the Rev. George Gilfillan of Dundee, a popular preacher in the U. P. body, but still more widely known pis an author and critiG. 14 . — Discussion in the Commons concerning the death of Mr. Ogle, Times correspondent in Thessaly. 16 . — Parliament prorogued, the Royal Speech winding up a session of surprises, by referring among other topics to the defensive Convention concluded with the Sultan. “It gives,” it was said, “as regards his Asiatic Empire, a more distinct expression to the ^engagements which in principle I, together with other Powers, accepted in 1856, but of .which the form has not been found practically effectual. '1 he Sultan has, on the other hand, bound himself to adopt and carry into effect .the measures necessary for securing the good government of these provinces. In order to promote the objects of this agreement, I have undertaken the occupation and administration of the island of Cyprus. ” — General de Mezentsoff, chief of the Russian Private Police, assassinated at St. Petersburg, his assailants succeeding for a time in making their escape. 19 . — The Khedive makes important pecuni- ary concessions to his creditors through Mr. fivers Wilson. 21 . — Festivities at Liverpool connected with a banquet prepared for certain Cabinet Minis- ters visiting the port, and the opening of a new branch of the Sailors’ Home. — Died, aged 72, Ex- Queen Christina of Spain. 22. — Discovery of the money (^8,500) stolen by the cashier Gray from the City of Glasgow Branch Bank, Isle of Man. — Suspension announced of the publishing houses of Virtue & Co., Isbister & Co., and Tinsley Brothers. 23 . — Thunderstorm, accompanied by heavy rains in London, and floods experienced in jnany parts of England and Scotland. 24 . — Her Majesty arrives at Dunbar on a visit, extending over three days, to the Duchess of Roxburghe, Broxmouth Park. 26 . — Four lives lost in a fire at Birmingham, the entire Dennison family, with the*exception of Mr. Dennison himself, who had a narrow escape, being sacrificed through want of energy, it was thought, and decision among fire officials und spectators. 27 . — The seat in Argyllshire vacated through the acceptance of Governor-Generalship of Canada by Marquis of Lome, won by his younger brother, Lord Colin Campbell, who polled 1462 votes against 1107 given to 1. W. Malcolm. X 2 27 . — Earthquake shocks felt in Holland, Belgium, and Germany. 31 . — Six persons killed and forty injured in a railway collision at Sittingbourne Station, on the London, Chatham and Dover line, a fast excursion train from Ramsgate, travelling at the rate of forty miles an hour, dashing into certain goods waggons which had inadvertently found their way on to the main line when in process of being shunted to a siding. The guard and under-guard of the goods train were apprehended on a charge of manslaughter. September 1 . — A hurricane of appalling severity sweeps over a great part of Hungary and causes an immense loss of life in the town of Eslau. — Died at Thirlestane Castle, aged 75, Thomas Maitland, G.C.B., eleventh Earl of Lauderdale, Standard Bearer of Scotland, and Marshal of the Royal Household. 2 . — Died, aged 75, George Payne, a noted patron of the turf. - — Kingholm mills, on the Nith, necr Dumfries, destroyed by fire, the damage being estimated at ^10,000. 3 , — One of the most disastrous river collisions ever recorded occurred this (Tues- day) evening on the Thames at Becton Reach, near Woolwich, the favourite river steamboat Prinress Alice with a crowd of between 700 and 800 excursionists on board being run down and cut in two by the Tyne screw collier Bywell Castle passing out to sea. The exact loss of life was never clearly ascertained, but making a large allowance for possibilities it was thought that at least 700, many of them women and children, perished in the rush and confusion of the moment, surrounded by boats and almost within reach of the shore. The Princess Alice , one of the largest saloon steamers of the London Steamboat Company, left London about 11 o’clock in the morning for Gravesend and Sheerness, many extra excursionists being induced by the fine weather to go on board for a holiday trip. The vessel left Gravesend on the return journey soon after 6 o’clock in the evening, and arrived within sight of the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, at about 8 o’clock. The screw steamer Bywell Castle was then approaching on the opposite course, each vessel being about mid-stream, and so continued till a point was reached a little below North Woolwich Gardens, close by the spot where the collision between the Metis and Wentworth occurred. What happened within a moment or two it was impossible to describe in any general way, but the main fact, seen or experienced by all on board, was that the Princess Alice , struck by the screw steamer on the port side near the sponson, commenced to sink bow first almost before the crash of collision was realised. A very few saved themselves by clambering on to the Byivell 1293 SEPTEMBER i8;8 SEPTEMBER Castle , but most rushed aft, shrieking and struggling in a surging mass, which made any attempt to save life by her own boats or life- buoys hopeless. Small boats instantly put off from other vessels and also from the shore, while the Duke of Teck> another steamer belonging to the same company, also on a homeward trip, did what was possible in the way of picking up poor victims, screaming in anguish of spirit and praying for help, out of the dark river. The dead were hastily secured in numbers severely tasking the utmost power of willing workers, and taken ashore to various buildings turned for the occasion into mortu- aries. One of the stewards said, “ I ran to a young lady with whom I was keeping company and took her on my shoulder, being a good swimmer, and jumped overboard, and swam to the shore ; but as I was going my poor girl slipped off my shoulders, or was dragged off, and I lost her although I dived for her. I saw a gentleman {Mr. Talbot of Forest Hill), who was sinking, and caught hold of him and held him until we were picked up.” He saw hundreds in the water drowning, but could not help them. He thought there were about 700 on board. One young woman said that her baby was washed out of her arms, and that she has lost her husband and three little ones. One man reached the north shore with a life- buoy round him. He states that he jumped overboard after telling his wife to throw their children and jump after him ; but he lost them all. Captain Harrison of the Bywell Castle , although his vessel was uninjured, abandoned his northern voyage, cast anchor in the Thames not far from the scene of disaster, and returned to London for the purpose of awaiting such official inquiry as might be ordered. A general impression prevailed that the collision was caused by the Princess Alice starboarding her helm when she ought to have continued her course on the port helm. This point, however, was difficult to establish in evidence, as the captain (Grinstead) and nearly all his navi- gating hands, with the exception of one engineer, went down with the steamer. 3. — Fire broke out this afternoon in the turpentine and oil stores of Messrs. Price, Castle Baynard Wharf, Blackfriars, and for some hours seriously threatened total destruc- tion to that part of Thames Street, as well as to much other river-side property, full of valuable stores. The damage was roughly estimated at ,£35,000. (See also Sept. 16, 1845, p. 182.) — Opening of railway communication be- tween Sydney and Wagga, New South Wales, a distance of over 300 miles. 6. — Mehemet Ali Pasha, the Turkish Com- missioner sent to pacify Albania, assassinated at Yacova, near Scutari. 6. — Railway accident near Cork ; four persons killed and thirty injured. 1294 9 . — Dr. Nobiling, who had attempted to assassinate the Emperor of Germany, June 2nd, (p. 1284,) dies in prison from the self- inflicted wounds under which he had been suffering since he sought the life of his aged sovereign. — Falkland memorial at Newbury, Berks, unveiled by the Earl of Carnarvon. — Foundation-stone laid of a new deep-sea harbour at Boulogne, much less in area than Cherbourg but uniformly deeper at the lowest tides. 11. — Naturally much moved by the Princess Alice calamity, only eight days old, the public mind was still further agitated by the most fatal colliery explosion yet known which occurred shortly after twelve o’clock to-day in the Prince of Wales pit, Abercarne, owned by the Ebbw Vale Company, and situated in a charming valley well known to travellers along the western section of the Monmouthshire railway. The first, and indeed, the only signal indicating such a calamity in the first instance to people at the pit-head, and then to the country all around, was the loud rumbling sound, followed by a flash of flame up the shaft, and next the dreaded column of dense, black smoke ob- served to shoot high up into the air unbroken, but to be scattered in a moment all over the district. Of 262 known to be in the inner workings of the pit not one was saved to tell the story of the explosion — how it happened, at what point, or under what circumstances. The ventilation was understood to be abundant, and the discipline strict, no blasting ever having been allowed in the black-vein seam, while the use of naked lights was sternly prohibited. When the winding gear could be put to rights, a venturesome exploring party sent up eighty survivors found near the bottom of the shaft, but no progress could be made beyond the stables, or about 400 yards, where the horses were found all dead. Five other workmen found in this neigh- bourhood were sent up alive, but unconscious, and succumbed within an hour or two. Of the 262 who perished in this most disastrous explosion, 134 were married men, 67 single, 6 widowers, and 55 boys, varying in age from thirteen to eighteen years, the widows and children depending on them as bread-winners, number- ing 520. Considerable time elapsed before any of the bodies could be recovered, as the water of Cwmcarn Brook required in the first instance to be diverted into the mine for the purpose of purifying the workings from foul air- 12 — In presence of a great crowd, assem- bled to see the final turning of the stone into its upright position, Cleopatra’s Needle was this afternoon successfully raised upon its pedestal on the Thames Embankment and completely fixed next day, when it was handed over to public care by its enthusiastic donor, Dr. Erasmus Wilson, F. R.S, SEPTEMBER 878 OCTOBER 13 . — Died, at Askham Ilall, Penrith, Dr. Jackson, Provost of Queen’s College, Oxford, where he succeeded Dr. Thomson on his elevation to the bishopric of Gloucester and Bristol. 14 . — A band of 600 Mormons leaves Liver- pool for Utah. 15 . — Commencement of a gale which con- tinued over the greater part of two days, and caused much damage to shipping along the coasts of England and Scotland. 18 . — The Queen invests the Marquis of Lome, the new Governor-General of Canada with the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. — After waiting three days for a response to his expressed intention of waiting on the Ameer at Cabul, Sir Neville Chamberlain leaves Peshawur with an escort of 1000 men mostly armed — “ too large for a mission,” said Lord Carnarvon, “too small for an army.” On the 22nd, Shere Ali’s commander at the first fort of Ali Musjid, after an interview with Major Cavagnari refused to let the Mission advance further into Affghan territory. Recommending caution and forbearance in our intercourse with the people as well as with the rulers of a country so difficult either to subdue or retain as Affghanis- tan, Lord Lawrence now writes that political, military, and even moral considerations were all against involving ourselves in hostilities with Afghanistan. No doubt, he admitted, Shere Ali had aggravated any offence he intended by the mode in which he resisted our overtures “more particulatly in the threat of his Mir Akhor at Ali Musjid to shoot Major Cavagnari if he did not turn back. But we should not bear too hardly on the Ameer on this account. I have no doubt that if we promise to give up forcing a mission on him he would make any apology that we could reasonably call for. I urge that we were wrong in the outset in our policy to the Ameer in many instances which could be pointed out, and therefore ought not be over- hard on him in accepting his excuses. I insist that there will be no real dishonour to us in coming to terms with him ; whereas by pressing on him our own policy, we may incur most serious difficulties, and even disasters.” 20, — Mention made that Mr. Rivers Wilson had been appointed Minister of Finance in Egypt. — Died at Ravensbury, Dartmouth, aged 72, George Parkes Bidder, engineer, an associate of George Stephenson in early life, and famous even before that time as“ the Calculating Boy.” 23 . — Died, aged 73, John Penn, principal partner in the famous Greenwich engineering firm, an F. R.S., and one of the earliest mem- bers of the Institution of Civil and Mechanical Engineers. £G. — The Board of Trade decline acceding to a request for reducing the height of the Forth Bridge from 150 to 135 feet. The foundation stone of the structure was laid four days afterwards on Inchgarvie Rock during a sharp storm which swept up the Firth. 28 . — Died, aged 69 , Sir T. M. Biddulph, Keeper of H.M. Privy Purse. October 1. — Died, aged 71, the Rt. lion. William Keogh, an Irish fudge in the Common Pleas Division of the High Court of Justice, prominent in the Irish annals of political dis- cord for his decision concerning the Galway Election Petition of 1872. (See pp. 1058-62.) 2 . — Official intimation made this (Wednes- day) morning through the newspapers that the City of Glasgow Bank, established in 1839, and which in July last declared a dividend of 12 per cent., would not open its doors for business or issue any additional notes, but that certain other of the Scottish Banks “with a view to lessen the inconvenience of the stop- page to the public ” would £ £ receive, in the ordinary course of business, the Notes of the said Bank now in circulation.” Consternation at the announcement, unexpected beyond a very limited banking circle, was not confined to either shareholders or depositors, but seriously affected every branch of trade, and almost every commercial enterprise, particularly in the west of Scotland where the Bank had a wide, and, for proper business purposes, a very valuable connection. The resolution of the other Banks to accept “City ” notes presently current, in the ordinary way of business, was highly approved of and tended greatly to mitigate the first pres- sure of so disastrous a collapse. Among other firms hanging on to the unfortunate Bank, and deeply responsible for its huge deficit, were Smith, Fleming & Co., London, Wm. Nicol & Co., Bombay, and Fleming & Co., Kurrachee, all trading very much in common with each other, and announced next day as having “sus- pended ” with liabilities roughly estimated at ^3,000,000. A prompt but careful enough investigation carried on night and day till the 5th justified the accountants, Messrs. Anderson and McGregor in then reporting that the Bank would be unable to continue business. (See October 9th, 18th and 25th.) 4 . — First peal of the new bells suspended in the belfry of St. Paul’s, London. 5 . — Waterloo and Hungerford Bridges opened to the public free of toll. — Died at his London residence, Eaton Square, aged 85, Frederick Thesiger, Lord Chelmsford, formerly Lord Chancellor. — Died at his residence, The Lodge, Melton Mowbray, Sir Francis Grant, D.C.L., Presi- dent of the Royal Academy. 1295 OCTOBER OCTOBER i8;8 7 . — Completion of the Austrian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the loss of Ini-, perial troopS up to this date being officially estimated at 4*000. — Died* aged 66; Geo. H. Whalley, M.P. for Peterborough, prominent for his Protestant zeal, and as a supporter of the Tichborne Claimant. — Died at Leeds; aged 75, George Thomp- son, well known in his day as an anti-slavery lecturer* and, later, for advocating the total repeal of corii-laws: 9 . — The Scottish Banks complete arrangements for still further mitigating the commercial pressure by taking over “City” deposit accounts in cases where the balances do not exceed ^2Co; placing one half of the amount to credit on current account, or payable on demand, and* where balances exceed ^200, issuing deposit receipts for one half the amount repayable on notice being given. — Among other firms reported about this time as having sus- pended payment were Heugh, Balfour and Co. Manchester, ^1, 560; 000; T. D. Finlay and Co, Glasgow, £200, coo ; and, later in the month, Matthew. Buchanan and Co., ^1,350,000; and Henderson and Dimmock (Drumpellier Coal Co.) ^80*000. 11. — Panic at the Colosseum Music Hall, Paradise Street, Liverpool* resulting ill the death of thirty-seven persons trampled in some cases almost beyond recognition at a barrier near the door towards which the greater part of an audience calculated at about 3,000 were frantically pressing to get out. The panic, thought to have originated with a fight inside, but was more immediately created by a thought- less cry of “Fire.” — Died suddenly* aged 76, Monsignor Dupanloup* Bishop of Orleans, a French controversialist of acknowledged ability* and who had been called when young to the death- bed of Talleyrand. 13 . — William O. Stafford, formerly a clerk in the Liverpool Branch of the Bank of Eng- land, arrested ort board a yacht in Jersey har- bour and charged with stealing ^15,000 in notes the property of the Bank. ^10,000 was found in possession of Stafford* who confessed to the theft, was conveyed to London, where he was examined before the Lord Mayor, and ultimately committed for trial. 14 . — Died* aged 61, Henry Thomas Riley, translator and editor of the “Liber Albus ” and other learned works. 16 . — The Leaf Wing of the Warehousmeri and Clerks’ Schools at Caterham opened by Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lome. 17 . — Cyprus placed in telegraphic communi- cation with Great Britain. — Market price of standard silver reported as having fallen to 49^. per oz. 1296 18 . — Late this (Friday) evening the official investigators into the state of the City of Glasgow Bank issue a report of such a dis- heartening nature as greatly intensified the prevailing commercial gloom. Wild as specu- lation ran, no one expected that the deficiency would be so great or that the maladministration of the directors had been so flagrant. Briefly stated, the report showed the deficiency to be no less than ^5,190,983 nx. 3^., or, when the lost capital of one million was added, a fright- ful total of >£6,190,983 iu. 3^/. The report of the Investigation Committee had not been printed for many hours before a warrant was obtained for the apprehension of the Manager* Secretary, and Glasgow Board of Directors, at the instance of the Lord Advocate and the Procurator fiscal for Lanarkshire. The arrests were quietly made in Glasgow and Edinburgh on Saturday evening, October 19 ; and on Monday the Whole passed the bar of the Police Court, and were remitted to’ the Sheriff on a charge of fraud. Subsequently the prisoners were lodged in Duke Street prison: On the 29th, they were further , charged with the theft of bills left for collection to a large amount (£20,000), and formally committed for trial. Subsequently, Mr. John Stewart was released on bail-bond for ^15,000. After a full debate before the Court, bail was refused in the case of the other directors and officials: A meet- ing of shareholders took place on the 22nd, iii the City Hall, when it was unanimously resolved to wind up the affairs of the Bank by voluntary liquidation. Subsequently, on appeal to the Court Of Session by London creditors, (Bright- wen and others,) the liquidation was ordered to proceed under the supervision of the Scotch Court. — Died at Portobello, aged 86* David Laing* I L.D., Keeper of the Signet Library. Edinburgh, editor of the “Life and Works of John Knox,” of several early Scottish poets, of much early Scottish fugitive poetry* and a fellow worker with Scott in establishing the “Bannatyne Club,” of which Dr. Laing was Secretary over the entire period of its existence. (P'or Sale of Library, see Dec 1st* 1879, &c.) 19 . — Twelve persons killed, and several injured through a collisori at Pontypridd Junc- tion of the Taff Valley Railway, two passenger trains meeting at a curve while otte was iri. process Of being shunted. — The Metropolitan Board of Works agree to adopt the electric light on the Thames Em- bankment. 21. — The Indian Government having re- ceived a reply of an unsatisfactory nature from Shere Ali, abundant help is promptly offered by many Indian princes towards strengthening such British forces as may be directed against Affghanistan. The Home Government re- solved, upon giving the Ameer another oppor- tunity before proceeding to hostilities. NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 1878 21, — Serious inundations reported from the Nile Valley ; 80,000 acres of land and 15 villages said to be submerged. 22, — Address presented to the Prince of Wales by Earl Granville thanking his Royal Highness for exertions in connection with the Paris Exhibition. 23 , — Hurricane in Philadelphia, destroying or injuring many churches, factories, and private houses. 24 , — Died in Dublin* aged 76, Paul Cullen, D.D., Cardinal Archbishop of Ireland, a native of Ballytore, Kildare, and partly educated at the local school famous for having had Edmund Burke as a pupil. 25 , — Renewed consternation in Connection with Glasgow City Bank affairs, the liquidators to-day (Friday) giving official intimation of a “call” upon the shareholders of £500 per £100 of stock payable in two equal instalments on 23rd December and 24th February. It was further intimated that “at a Conference held with the Committee of shareholders, the liquidators intimated their anxious desire to give every assistance and facility to shareholders who might find it difficult to realise their assets on the moment except at serious loss.” Ru- mours not altogether Unfounded, but still exaggerated, were now prevalent that the gross ultimate liabilities, including Winding-up ex- penses and possible litigation, might reach £7,000,000 and that it was scarcely likely either depositors or other creditors could be paid in full. — Chalmers’s Spinning Mills, Dundee, des* troyed by fire. — An attempt made to shoot King Alphonso of Spain while driving through the Calle Mayor, Madrid, the would-be regicide being a poor cooper named Moncasi, a native of the province of Tarragona, and member of the International Society. 27 , — Proceedings commenced against James Nicol Fleming, a former Director of the City of Glasgow Bank, and a debtor to the extent of £1,250,000, presumed to have “with- drawn ” to Spain within the last day or two. 30 . — The Rt.Hon.W. H. Smith, First Lord of the Admiralty, visits Cyprus officially. November l.--Maynooth College partly destroyed by fire, originating in a flue of the heating apparatus connected with the library, but wh^ch portion of the fabric, and the most valuable of its contents, was fortunately saved through great exertion on the part of students. — Mansion House Relief Fund in aid of sufferers through the sinking of Princess Alice steamer reported to have reached a little over ,£37,000. — Died, aged 75, M. Gamier Pages, French politician and historian. 2. — Loss of the Russian Imperial yacht Livculia with the Grand Duke Sergius on board ; officers and crew saved. 3 . — Died, aged 76, Kenneth McLay, a popu- lar Highland artist, and last surviving original member of the Royal Scottish Academy. 4 . — City of Glasgow Bank Relief Fund instituted, Lord Provost Collins presiding at a Meeting in the Merchants Hall on the occasion. Two days later subscriptions were reported to the amount of £90, 000. — Lord Penzance, Dean of Arches, pro- nounces judgment ill the case of Coombe v. Edwards, a suit instituted for disobedience to a monition pronounced under the Public Wor- ship Regulation Act. Preparatory to entering upon the merits of the case his Lordship said the Court had reserved its judgment “until the rule for a prohibition in the case of Mr. Mackonochie had been decided ; for although the cases are not identical, a prohibition granted in the one would hardly leave room for this court to take compulsory measures in the other. That decision has now been made, and I venture to think that the result has caused a very general surprise. It has been a surprise, I imagine, to the learned members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council to learn that the court of her Majesty in Council is an inferior court, and, as such, subjected to the control and supervision of the Common Law Courts ; and still more so to find that this supervision, by a sweeping rise of the word ‘jurisdiction,’ extends to the regulation of their own procedure and practice.” Disclaiming all sympathy with certain supposed cases in which law was pictured as triumphant and justice prostrate, Lord Penzance thus conclu- ded his lengthy and careful - analysis of this case of disobedience to monition: — “I have dwelt thus at large On the judgment pro- nounced in Mr. Mackonochie’s case, because I conceive that the independence of this tri- bunal in matters regarding its own procedure demanded an adequate protest against the invasion thereby made upon it. But the Queen’s writ of prohibition, however unad- visedly issued, must command both obedience and respect. And, as I cannot proceed to punish Mr. Edwards, the defendant in this case, by imprisonment without the chance of running counter to the principles which have been acted upon in the case of Mr. Mackonochie, and possibly, if not probably, inviting another prohibition, I think it best for all parties to hold my hand and decline to proceed to compulsory measures at present.” This judgment of Lord Penzance was discussed with considerable asperity in a pamphlet of some sixty pages by Lord Chief Justice Cockburn. 5 . — Died, aged 57, William George Clark, a distinguished classical scholar, and joint editor, with Mr. W. Aldis Wright, of the “Cambridge Shakespeare.” 1297 NOVEMBER 1878 NOVEMBER 6. — Died, at his country retreat, Anson’s Farm, Essex, where he was in the habit of sojourning lately to recruit his somewhat exhausted energies, Samuel Phelps, justly ranked among the foremost actors of an age which included Young, Macready, and Charles Kean. Mr. Phelps was born at Plymouth in 1806. — Died at Gravesend, aged 78, William Calcott, musician. 9 . — Speaking at the Lord Mayor’s Guildhall banquet “where there was a chance of hearing the voice of sense and truth,” Lord Beacons- field expressed his belief that Russia would carry out with integrity the spirit of the Berlin Treaty, and defended also the proposed “ recti- fication of frontier ” in Afghanistan. — A Board of Trade return censures the captain of the Princess Alice for the sinking of his vessel and consequent loss of life in the collision of September 3rd. 10. — Close of the Paris Exhibition, the total number of admissions having been 16,032 725, or an average of 82,000 since 1st of May, while the drawings had been 2,600,000 francs against nearly 9,000,000 drawn at the Exhibi- tion of 1867. One of the closing incidents was the presentation of a testimonial to Sir Philip Cunliffe Owen. 11 . — Died, aged 70, Charles Randolph, an eminent Clyde marine engineer who bequeathed £60,000 of his large fortune to the Building Fund of Glasgow University. 12 . — Died suddenly, stricken down in the streets of Glasgow, John Matheson junior, of Cordale, a prominent and useful merchant, author of a book of Eastern travel “ London to Delhi.” 13 . — Departure of the Marquis and Mar- chioness of Lome for Canada. — Frederick Leighton elected President of the Royal Academy, in succession to the late Sir Francis Grant. 14 -. — Memorial bust of Michael Balfe, musician, unveiled in Dublin. 15 . — The Court of Justiciary, Edinburgh, refuse bail for City Bank Directors. — Floods throughout Norfolk, and gener- ally along the course of the Ouse, caused by recent heavy rain-falls and the sudden melting of an early winter snow. — Died, aged 35, W. R. Cooper, Egyptolo- gist, author of various works concerning — Died, aged 89, General Delacombe, senior general on the “list” who had been engaged in active service as far back as the retreat on Corunna under Moore, 1809. 1298 17 . — Attempted assassination of Humbert, King of Italy, an “International” named Passanente making two desperate attacks with a dagger concealed in the folds of a small flag as the royal carriage was passing from the Strada Carbonara into the Via San Giovanni. The Prime Minister, Cairoli, one of the party, was injured in the thigh, but not dangerously. 18 . — Anticipating the demand for papers likely to be made in Parliament, Lord Cranbrook obtains permission to publish his despatch of this date to the Governor-General of India, narrating the events in AffghanLtan since the negotiations cf 1873 carried on by Lord Northbrook, and declaring that unless a clear and satisfactory reply was now given by the Ameer his intentions weie to be considered as hostile, and action taken accordingly. 19 . — A daring burglar, named Peace, thought to be also the murderer of Mr. Dyson, Sheffield (1876), sentenced at Central Criminal Court to penal servitude for life for robbery and the attempted murder of a constable at Blackheath, where as at other places near London the prisoner occupied a well-furnished house, and passed himself off as a gentleman of independent means. — The Trime Minister declines with less than his usual courtesy to receive any depu- tation from the Affghan Committee, and more than hints that Lords Lawrence and North- brook were to blame for the complication, but refused to acknowledge responsibility. — Died, aged 57, Sam Bough, R.S.A., a native of Carlisle, but prominent as a Scottish artist for over thirty years. 21. — Almost simultaneously with a warlike resolution on the part of the Cabinet at home General Roberts commences operations which lead to the capture of Ali Musjid, an Affghan fort commanding the Khyber Pass, where Major Cavagnari was rudely stopped last month on his mission to Cabul, 25 . — Public entry of the Marquis of Lome and Princess Louise into Halifax, Nova Scotia. — Collision in the English Channel near Dungeness Point, between the barque Moel E'ilian of Carnarvon, on her first voyage, and the German steamer Pommerania , with over 100 emigrants on board and 125 of a crew ; forty-eight lives lost. — With a view to smooth over many current disquieting rumours the manager of the Caledonian Bank, Inverness, issues a circular to shareholders indicating that only a very moderate “ call ” was ever likely to be made upon them in respect of business losses. — Died, aged 84, Robert Wallis, engraver, who accomplished much in the highest style of art for Turner, Rogers, and the “Annuals” of his day. DECEMBER 1878 DECEMBER — Came on in Exchequer Chambers before Mr. Baton Huddleston and a common jury, the case of Whistler v. Ruskin, the plaintiff in his statement of claim alleging that the defendant had libelled him in a criticism upon one of his pictures exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery, called “ A Nocturne in Black and Gold.” The passage complained of appeared in “ Fors Clavigera — “For Mr. Whistler’s sake no less than for the protection of the purchaser, Sir Coutts Lindsay ought not to have admitted works into the gallery in which the ill-educated conceit of the artist so nearly approached the aspect of wilful imposture. I have seen and heard much of cockney impudence before now, but never expected to hear a coxcomb ask two hundred guineas for flinging a pot of paint in the public’s face.” Mr. W. M. Rossetti, and Mr. W. Wills were examined for the plaintiff, while Mr. Burne Jones, Mr. Frith, and Mr. Tom Taylor gave evidence on the opposite side. On explanation having been given by the judge regarding the term “wilful imposture,” the jury gave a verdict for the plaintiff, with a farthing damages, and judgment was thereupon given, but without costs. 27 . — Order made that the Glasgow City Bank liquidation should proceed under author- ity of the Court of Session. 29 . — Died at Folkestone, aged 65, Alfred Sydney Wigan, theatrical lessee, and widely known also as a consummate actor of difficult parts and delicate discrimination. 30 . — Mr. Gladstone bids farewell to his Greenwich constituents in the course of a banquet at the Ship Hotel, and later in the day at the Skating Rink, Plumstead, where he spoke against the new Affghan war as unjust and impolitic. — Extradition treaty with Spain announced as having been completed. — Died at his residence, North Bank, Regent’s Park, aged 61, George Henry Lewes, a versatile critic, essayist, and biographer, author of the “Biographical History of Philosophy,” “Life of G ethe,” and “Phy- siology of Common Life ; ” husband also of Miss Evans, author of “ Adam Bede,” &c. December 1. — General Roberts defeats the Ameer’s troops in the Piewar Pa'-s, an ad- vantage leading in the first instance to the evacuation of Jellalabad. — Died at Edinburgh, Mrs. Catherine Tait, the amiable and accomplished wife of the Archbtehop of Canterbury, to whom she had been united in 1843, when Dr. Tait was Head Master of Rugby. 4 -.— Involved to a small but responsible extent as shareholders in the City of Glasgow Bank, the Caledonian Banking Company at Inverness suspend payment for a time, and concur in a petition for liquidation, their capital being put down at £600,000, The Court of Session afterwards sanctioned an agreement between the Caledonian and other Scotch banks. — The affairs of James Morton & Co. coming up for consideration in bankruptcy, it is found that of the proved liabilities amounting to nearly ^1,000,000, the City Bank were creditors for £722,000. 5 . — Killed in the hunting field by a fall from his horse while riding across a piece of ploughed land, Major John George Whyte- Melville, one of the most finished cross- country riders of his day, equally at home in “ the shires ” or on Exmoor, author of “ Digby Grand ” and many other well-rememberecl novels ; while he was no less popular in society, standing indeed without a rival as laureate of the hunt. — Sixth Session of the Ninth Parliament of Queen Victoria opened by Commission, the Royal Speech explaining that members had been called together at this unusual and probably inconvenient period in consequence of the Ameer of Affghanistan having repulsed a friendly mission in a manner leaving no alternative but to make a peremptory demand for redress. “This demand,” it was said, “ having been disregarded, I have directed an expedition to be sent into his territory, and I have taken the earliest opportunity of calling you together, and making the communication required by law.” The debate on the address turned naturally on Affghan affairs and par- ticularly on a despatch from Lord Cranbrook, first made public in the (newspapers. Lord Salisbury defending the Indian Secretary, and also Lord Lytton as a Viceroy “who combined the imagination of a poet with the shrewdness of a Scotchman.” S. — Publication of Shere Ali’s apparently submissive but really evasive reply to British proposals for a mission to Cabul. “None of the letters received,” he wrote, “have been free from harsh expressions and hard words repugnant to courtesy and politeness, and in tone contrary to the ways of friendship. In his afflicted position,” the Ameer continued, (his son Abdoolla being just dead), “ patience and silence would have been specially be- coming.” He finally disclaimed enmity to the British Government, and left the matter in the hands of God. ©. — News received that the Princess Alice of England, Grand Duchess of Hesse, was suffering from diphtheria caught in attendance on her children, the youngest of whom, the Princess Maria, born 1874, had died on the 1 6th of last month. The condition of her Royal Highness was reported in the first instance as on the whole favourable, yet the news caused much public anxiety, the Princess being a special favourite in this country not more from her personal agreeable qualities than from the patient, well-directed care she 1299 DECEMBER 1878 DECEMBER had manifested in nursing her father, the Prince Consort, and her brother the Prince of Wales, when laid down by sickness. In the Franco-German war also her services among the wounded brought home were invaluable. Day by day, however, the reports from Hesse became less favourable. On the 13th her Royal Highness was reported to be in a dangerous condition. — The West of England and South Wales District Bank suspends payment, with liabilities estimated at ,£3,500,000. — St. Peter’s Church, Bridgewater, de- stroyed by fire. — Debate on Affghan affairs commenced in both Houses of Parliament, Lord Cranbrook moving a resolution in the Lords asking that the revenues of India should be applied to defray the expenses of military operations beyond the frontier, while Mr. Whitbread, member for Bedford, moved that the House disapprove altogether of the policy which led to the war with Affghanistan >Lord Lawrence spoke against the Government, and Lord Napier and Ettriek in favour. Lord Beacons- field spoke of the debate Us rather a wrangle than a discussion concerning a questioii which involved nothing less than the influence of England in Europe. He thought that con- sciously or unconsciously the opposition was based on the pernicious doctrine of peace at any price — a doctrine, he continued which had occasioned more wars than the most ruthless conquerors. He had never described rectifi- cation of frontier as an object of the war, but as a possible Consequence. For defensive purposes there was the greatest possible ad- vantage on the side of a “scientific frontier” as compared with a haphazard frontier. It was necessary to rectify, in despite of the Ameer> a frontier which hides from fis all that is passing in Affghanistan. In the Lords, the Government motion was Carried by 201 votes to 65, supporting an amendment proposed by Lord Halifax. In the course of the second night’s debate in the Commons, Mr. Gladstone complained of the secrecy manifested by Government regarding their Affghan policy, anticipated, with a spirit almost prophetical, the disappearance of the Ameer from a country now being laid waste by war after a season of peace, and trusted that a succession of other such viceroys as Canning, Lawrence, Mayo, and Northbrook might arise to undo the evil work now begun. The debate was continued by Sir W. Harcourt, Mr. Grant- Duff, Lord 1 lartington and Mr. Goschen on the part of the Opposition, but on a division Government obtained a majority of 101 in a House of 555 members. An amendment, moved by Mr. Fawcett, against applying the revenues of India to war purposes in Affghanistan, was afterwards negatived by a majority of no. 14 -. — Died amid expressions of universal regret, on the seventeenth anniversary of her 1300 father’s death, the Princess Alice of England, Grand Duchess of Hesse Darmstadt. Her Royal Highness, born 25th April, 1843, was laid in the mausoleum of Rosenhohe on the 1 8th amid many evidences of sorrow on the part of the people and public bodies here as well as throughout Germany, and even in America. 16 . — Instead of proposing a grant under the partially-signed Rhodope Commission, as was promised, Sir S. Northcote intimates to-night that Government had abandoned all intentions of rendering aid under the circumstances brought to light. — William Scott, of the firm of John Innes Wright & Co. examined, and afterwards apprehended on a charge of theft or embezzle- ment of ,£48,000, proceeds of bills discounted by Messrs. Glen, Walker & Co. — Henry Taylor of the firm of Henry Taylor & Co. was examined in bankruptcy next day. — News received of the murder at Crete of W. R. Anderson, Superintendent of Eastern Telegraph Company. 17 . — Addresses of condolence to the Queen on the death of Princess Alice moved in both Houses of Parliament. Similar addresses were forwarded at this time to Her Majesty by many corporate bodiesj Civil and eccle- siastical. Parliament adjourned to-day to meet again 13th February. — Among bankruptcy examinations about this time and exciting considerable interest as throwing light oil City Bank affairs, were thos : of Henry Taylor & Sons, Henry Inglis of Torsonce, and J; N. Fleming, the latter in absence of the principal. At an adjourned examination Mr. Inglis affirmed his entire ignorance of the credit given by the Bank until withiri a week or two of the stoppage. 18 . — Rumoured consent of Mr. Gladstone to contest Mid-Lothian against the Earl of Dalkeith, sitting member, at next general election. 19 . — A deputation of British residents from California wait on Lord Beaconsfield for the purpose of presenting him with a richly orna- mented Casket and address expressive of their “ high appreciation of the brilliant statesman- ship which had secured an honourable peace to Europe. 20. — Jellalabad famous for its gallant defence by General Sale 1841-42, entered by General Brown without opposition, his troops advancing gaily with bands playing to encamp on the south side of the town. Although 100 miles east of Cabul rumours were now current at this end of the Pass that the Ameer had fled, although in what direction was not exactly known, but possibly to Balkh, with the Russian Mission, which at the urgent desire of the English Government had withdrawn from CaLul. DECEMBER 878-/9 JANUAR Y — Various “ test cases,” as they were called, involving the liability of City Bank share- holders under differing conditions begin to be dealt with by the Court of Session in Edinbugh. The petition of Muir and others for rectifica- tion of the list of contributories was dismissed in the First Division. The petition of Nelson Mitchell, claiming deletion from the list of shareholders on the ground of having sold out before the date of vdluntary liquidation was also refused. This decision ruled several others, among them that of Alex. Mitchell who sought to resign his trusteeship On 16th October. 21. — Marriage of the Duke of Cumbeidand and the Princess Thyra solemnised at the Royal Castle of Christiansborg. • — A long-Continued frost of great severity is followed by such a snow storm as blocks up all railway traffic in the north of Scotland. The frost cintiriued over the greater part of December and into January. — The remains Of George Cruickshank removed from their temporary resting-place in Kensal Green Cemetery to St. Paul’s (See February 1st. p. 1262.) 23 . — John Duncari, Secretary of the Greenock Railway, and otherwise in high esteem for Works of benevolence, sentenced by Lord. Young at Glasgow. Winter Circuit Court to penal servitude for life oh charge of fraud and imposition in connection with his official duties. - ■ — Died at Paisley, aged 71, David Semple, F.S.A. Scot., an industrious and intelligent local antiquary. 24 . — The Fund instituted for relief of Glasgow City Bank shareholders stated to have already reached, £342,747, but large sums were still being received through committees and collections in towns all over Scotland and England, as well as from Scotch residents in America, India and the Colonies. — Died, aged 71, Joseph Nash, an artist in water-colours famed for such “ interiors ” as made up the greater part of “Mansions of England in the Olden Time.” 26 . —The Queen, writing from Osborne expresses herself as aftxious to take the earliest opportunity of expressing publicly her heart- felt thanks for the universal and most touching sympathy shown in connection with the death 'of the Princess Alice. Overwhelmed with grief at the loss of a dear child, who was a bright example of loving tenderness, Courageous devotidn, and self-sacrifice to duty, it is most soothing to the Queen’s feelings to see how entirely her grief is shared by her people. Re- ferring tenderly to the grief of her Son-in-law the Grand Duke, and his gratitude for sym- pathy shown by the English people, her Majesty concluded; — “Seventeen years ago, at this very time, when a similar bereavement crushed the Queen’s happiness, and this be- loved and lamented daughter Was her great comfort and support, the nation evinced the same touching sympathy as well as when, in December 1X71, the Prince t>f Wales was at the point of death. Such an exhibition of true and tender feeling will ever remaiii engraven on the Queen’s heart and is the more to be valued at this moment of great distress ih the country which no one more deeply deplores than the Queen heirself;” i879. January i. — The French Government give notice of terminating certain time-Treaties of Commerce with great Britain and Austro- Hungary. — " A gigantic scheme for faisirtg £9,000,000 by way of lottery, £3,000,000 to be applied for relief of City Bank Shareholders, quashed in Consequence* of an Unfavourable opinion expressed *by Lord Advocate Watson, and •other law advisers of the Crown. 2 — A thirty-eight-ton gun burst on board H. M. S. Thunderer at Ismid, killing twelve men and wounding thirty-fiVe. The muzzle was blown overboard, Und turret disabled, but the ship otherwise hot much injured. The gun was ascer- tained to have been double loaded at the time of firing. ; — Died at Be’rgeh, West Friesland, his native place, whither he had retired after realising a handsome fortune, the popular dwarf Haneman, known all over the world as “General Tom Thumb,” a name and title thought to have keen bestowed by Her Majesty at one of his early exhibitions for the amusement of guests at Windsor Castle. 3 . — Several prominent events connected with the United States mark this early day of the year, General Grant being presented with the freedom 'of the City of Dublin, the States resuming specie payments, and Caleb Cushing, lawyer, statesman, judge, and diplomatist, dying at the age of 79. — The liquidators of the City of Glasgow Bank issue a report stating that they propose to declare a dividend to all admitted creditors of 55-. per £ payable about the middle of February. The total amount of claims lodged on or before 16th December, was about £10,500,000. Up to the close of last year the amount received in cash and obligations to account of the first call, and partly to account of the second instalment, was £691,893 37. Sd. — Midland Railway guards “strike” against a proposed alteration of duty work from sixty to sixty- six hours. 4 . — Rumours affecting the stability of Williams’s Cornish Bank at Truro find confirmation in its stoppage with liabilities 1301 JANUARY JANUARY 1879 estimated at ,£658,000. The bank was established in 1771 with a fixed note issue of about ,£50,000. of distinction. On the same day the Congre- gation of Rites warned the faithful against making merchandise of relics. — Sir Bartle Frere issues a notification that the enforcement of British demands against Cetewayo, the Zulu king, had been placed in the hands of General Lord Chelmsford. — Moncasi executed at Madrid for attempt- ing to assassinate King Alfonso. 80,000 people were said to have witnessed his garotting in the Campo de Guardias. 5 . — The French senatorial elections result in a Republican victory. — Shern Hall, Walthamstow, for many years the residence of the late Cardinal Wiseman, almost totally destroyed by fire. — Died at Turin, Sig. Bartolomeo Gastoldi, Professor of Geology. 7 . — Retirement of Sir Anthony Cleasby, a Judge in the High Court of Justice, elevated to the Bench in 1875. — The King of Holland married to Princess Emma of Waldeck-Pyrmont. — Died suddenly at Oxford, aged 72, Charles Neate, Senior Fellow of Oriel, and for several years an esteemed Professor of Political Economy. — Died at Aran, aged 80, Dr. Rauchenstein, Swiss philologist. 8. — Issue of Letters Patent confirming a previous Royal Proclamation for taking possession of the Port or Settlement known as Walfisch Bay, and annexing the same to the Cape Colony. — Died John King, formerly of Exeter College, Oxford, an ecclesiastical historian, author of various “Handbooks” to cathedrals, and English Counties. — Died, aged, 87, Marshal Espartero, a Spanish “soldier of fortune,” who had in his day served many masters, and occupied occasionally a high position in Peninsular politics. — Died, aged 65, McCarthy Downing, M.P. for Cork County, a prominent Irish Nationalist, but not wanting in sympathy for landlords. 11 . — Lord Chelmsford’s army crosses theZulu border in three columns, his plan being that Colonel Pearson should make for the heart of Zululand by the Lower Tugela, and Colonel Glyn by Rorke’s Drift, the latter to be joined by Colonel Wood from Utrecht. — The Free Reference Library attached to the Birmingham and Midland Institute des- troyed by fire, and several extremely valuable collections of books, especially in priceless Shakespearian literature, consumed. In editions of early folios and quartos of Shakespeare the Birmingham Free Library was rivalled only by the British Museum, while in the tercentenary literature of the poet, in Cervantes books, and generally in local Warwickshire literature, the collection was altogether unrivalled. Great and successful efforts soon began to be made in the way of restoration. — Duncombe Park, near Helmsley, York- shire, the historic mansion of the Favershams, designed by Vanbrugh, and more than once referred to by Macaulay, destroyed by fire, and its precious gathering of paintings by the great masters, single specimens being valued as high as £5,000, either burnt wholly or hopelessly injured. The famous “ Dog of Alcibiades” reported to be from the chisel of Myron (442 B. C. ) was among the few sculptured gems saved in the great entrance hall, built of late years from designs by Sir C. Barry. 12. — Death announced of M. Auguste Preault, a French sculptor, pupil of David cf Angers. 13 . — Still another disastrous colliery explo- si n in Rhonda Valley, Glamorganshire, sixty lives being lost to-day in Dinas Pit, about fifteen miles from Abercarne. — Morton House, Durham, an old mansion of the Lambton- family, destroyed by fire. 9 . — General Stewart makes a triumphal entry into Candahar, the Affghan troop pre- senting little more than a show of resistance. Gholam Husen, formerly native agent at Cabul, was appointed Civil Governor for administer- ing the affairs of this important commercial centre, according to Affghan law and custom. — Instructions issued by Prussian Minister of Commerce for the extension of Trade Guilds. — Died, at Marble Hill, Twickenham, aged 80, Right Hon. General Jonathan Peel, fifth son of the first baronet, Secretary at War in Lord Derby’s third administration (1866-67), and well known otherwise in military, parlia- mentary, and sporting circles. — Died, aged 60, Prince Henry of the Netherlands, brother of the King of Holland, and son of King William II. by the Princess Anna Paulowna, daughter of Czar Paul I. IO. — A miscellaneous collection of private property belonging to Pius IX. sold in the Vatican, for the most part to foreign ladies 1302 14 -. — Sir William Ilarcourt, speaking at Oxford, strongly condemns the foreign policy of the Government. JANUARY 1879 JANUARY — Died, at Glencary Lodge, Windsor, by his own hand, aged 62, Edward Matthew Ward, R. A., a careful and spirited hi- torical painter, whose fresco work in the Houses of Parliament at Westminster has been universally admired. — Died £>t Lausanne, aged 56, Dr. Dabs, a Swiss statesman, for many years a member of the Federal Council. 15 . — National Requiem Mass for repose of the soul of King Victor Emmanuel celebrated with much solemn pomp in the Pantheon. — Died somewhat suddenly, E. S. Dallas, a London journalist of considerable repute, author of an essay on criticism known as “ The Gay Science.” 18 . — Sustained largely by port- wine, pork- pies, and lobster, Mrs Anderson, an English woman, successfully completes the task, un dertaken for a wager, of walking 2, 700 quarter miles in as many quarter hours. 19 . — The young Jew Mortara reported to be preaching in Vienna. (See 28th April, 1859-) 21. — Sir James Stephen gazetted a Judge. 22. — Disaster to the British troops at Isandlana, recalling memories of the Sikh repulse at Ramnuggar, the infuriated Zulus all but annihilating a British force left to guard the camp, while Lord Chelmsford was fighting at Dartnell to clear the way for further advance, or, for there was no certainty about native tac- tics, it might be submission of Sirayo, and other chiefs, possibly of the formidable Cetewayo himself. The disaster led to severe reflections at home on Lord Chelmsford, but inquiry made on the spot and at the moment showed the surprise to be of the nature of a military accident, which ordinary prudence could not have foreseen, but might h«.ve been provided against by the presence of cavalry, pressingly sought for from the home authorities by the commander, and also by Sir Bartle Frere. The 1st battalion of the 24th Foot was almost destroyed. Five hundred men of the regiment were killed and thirty officers, amongst whom were Colonel Pulleine, Major White, and Colonel Durnford, R.E. A convoy of supplies — 102 waggons, 1,000 oxen, two guns, 400 shot and shell, 1,000 rifles, 250,000 rounds of ammunition, and 6o,oooibs of stores — fell into the hands of the Zulus. — Irritated by Isandlana disaster, public feel- ing was soon elated by news from the same field, part, indeed, of the same movements, connected with the gallant defence of Rorke’s Drift by Lieutenant Chard, R.E. and Lieutenant Gon- ville Bromhead, with eighty men of the 24th Regiment. Through some fugitives who had escaped from the slaughter, these officers heard of the disaster at Isandlana. Believing that the victorious Zulus would attempt to & cross ihto Natal, they prepared, if possible, to hold the Drift till help should come. Defences had to be improvised. They had barely finished a hasty barricade of bags and biscuit tins, when the Zulus, gathering round, began to pour in their fire. They numbered in all about 4,000. The attack lasted the greater part of the night. Six times the enemy got within the barricade, but were driven out at the point of the bayonet. Creeping to the rear they set fire to the hospital. At dawn the assailants withdrew. But the anxieties of the little garrison were not at an end. Looking towards Isandlana they descried a fresh host advancing. Soon they saw it w'as Lord Chelmsford’s jaded men, and those too found to their relief that Englishmen still held the Drift, Around the entrenchment 351 Zulus lay dead. — The conclusions arrived at in connection with the disaster at Isandlana and the defence at Rorke’s Drift were thus summarised : — This (Wednesday) morning the main Zulu army, 25,000 strong, was about five miles from the camp. It did not intend to fight that day, for the “moon was dead,” but it crouched in a huge semicircle, retaining its battle array. Col. Durnford, having reached the camp, sent out some men to observe. One party seemed to have come unexpectedly in contact with the Zulus and fired on them. The two horns composed of unmarried regiments rushed away to the attack in disorder, but the centre, com- posed of the married men, moved steadily on till they outflanked the British position. “ Then again,” it was written, “we hear of an indis- criminate flight through the tents, and of the slaughter of our soldiers by assegais as they fled. We hear, too, of our men forming themselves into squares and little groups and resisting desperately till their ammunition failed or they were overwhelmed by repeated charges and showers of assegais. We hear of one wounded officer who from a waggon kept crowds of Zulus at bay. And we hear of others who threw' down their arms and begged for mercy. It is certain that one square of sixty fighting men defied the repeated attacks of one horn of the enemy. It is certain, too, that a few mounted officers and others galloped through a part where the ring was as yet not quite formed round them. Many of these were killed by the pursuing Zulus. A few crossed the Buffalo at a spot which will always be known as Fugitives’ Drift, and got safe to Natal. Lieutenants Melville and Coghill escaped to the river with the colours of the regiment, but perished there. — The burglar Peace makes a daring attempt to escape from custody by leaping through the window of a train while being conveyed to Sheffield where inquiries w ere novv goi ng on concerning his complicity in the murder of Mr. Dyson. The convict was seriously injured but towards evening had so far recovered as to permit of his removal to Sheffield gaol, his 1303 JANUARY FEBRUARY 1879 push dash for liberty being made between Shireoak? and Kiveton Park, a few miles’ distant. 2S — The Grand Prize of 125,000 francs in the Paris Exhibition Lottery won by a poor purrier named Aqbriot, a native of Toul. 23 . — Died at Bournemouth, aged 84, the very Rev. Hugh McNeile, D.D., Dean of Ripon, an “ Evangelical ” leader and populai preacher, especially in Liverpool, where he laboured for over thirty years. 30 . — Marshall MacMahon resigns the French Presidency after refusing to sign orders for the removal of certain officers conir manding military districts, M. Gambetta was elected next day as President of the Chamber of Deputies. — Mr. Gladstone, in a letter to Mr. Cowan, Beeslack, intimates his willingness to contest Mid-Lothian. 31 . — The Marquis of Hartington installed as Lord Rector of Edinburgh University, his lordship’s address on the occasion having reference for the most part to the advantages of a superior education for all classes. February 1. — The jury having returned a verdict of guilty against the City Bank Direc- tors on the charge of uttering false balance- sheets, Lord Justice-Clerk Moncrieff sentences Potter and Stronach to eighteen months, and the other five to eight months imprisonment. The trial, before the High Court of Justiciary, had been protracted day by day from the 20th of last month. 2 . — Theatre Royal, Glasgow, destroyed by fire, the Christmas pantomime of “Puss in Boots ” having occupied the stage for the last time during the season. 3 . — The Union Bank of Helstone, another Cornwall financial undertaking nearly a century old, suspends payment with declared liabilities of ;£i 35 > 000 - — Exhibition of Wedgwood-ware opened in Liverpool Fine Art Club. 4 — Publication of a Treaty between Prussia and Austria by which Austria assents to the abrogation of Article 5 of the Treaty of Prague giving the inhabitants of North Schleswig a right whenever consulted of voting for annex- ation to Denmark, the concession, it was understood, being a return for services rendered to Austria by Germany at the Berlin Congress when Bosnian affairs were under discussion. — Charles Peace, the convicted burglar found guilty at Leeds Assizes of having murdered Mr. Dyson, at Banner Cross, Nov. 29, 1876, and sentenced to be executed within Armley Gaol, on the morning of the 25th. 5. — Dr. Cornthwaite, Roman Catholic Bishop of Beverly, becomes Bishop of Leeds, 1304 the new division into which his see was divided by the Pope. — Military isolation of Astrakhan on account of the plague. 7 . — Disorderly conduct, presenting many features of an organised riot in connection with a strike among seamen and dock labourer^ at Liverpool.' A limited strike was proceeding at the same time in the London engineering trade. — Final orders given by the Government of the Canton of Uri for the removal of Tell’s ruined chapel on the Lake of Lucerne ; the old frescoes on the walls to be carefully removed for preservation elsewhere. 8-; — Definitive Treaty of Peace between Russia and Turkey signed at Constantinople. A week later Russia recalled her troops frQin the occupied provinces. — - Loi'd Penzance gives judgment in the Court of Arches against Rev. T. P. Dale of St. Vedast’s, City of London, charged with Ritualistic practices. — Death announced at Munich of Michael Echter, an historical painter and pupil of Kaulbach in fresco work. Echter was born in 1812, and blind for some years before his death. 9 . — Died, aged 69, the French caricaturist Daumier, widely known for his “Robert Macaire” and other sketches of Parisian society in the “ Charivari. ” 11 . — News of the Tsandlana disaster received in London are followed by promDt orders for the dispatch of 8,000 men to the scene of hostilities in Natal. Troops left on the 19th. 12 — Opening of the German Reichstag, the Emperor William giving strong indications of a return to Protection in trade. 13 . — Parliament reassembles after the ad- journment of December 17th, Ministers in both Houses making a statement regarding measures about to be introduced. — A Zulu force repulsed with heavy loss in an attack on Colonel Pearson’s entrenched position at Ekowe. 14 . — Mr. Meldon’s resolution for assimilat- ing the Irish Borough Franchise to that of England rejected by 256 to 18 1 votes. The motion was supported by Lord Hartington as one of a series of measures designed to pacify Ireland by removing inequalities in her electoral system, but opposed by Sir Stafford Northcote on the part of Government as partial and inopportune. — The Russian Grand-Duke Nicholas, son of Constantine, exiled to Orenburg under an accusation of having revealed a scheme for FEBRUARY 1879 .FEBRUARY constructing a central Asiatic railway between the Ural and Sir Daria. 14 . The Archbishops of Canterbury and York, in a pastoral issued from Lambeth, invite the earnest attention of Churchmen to the . proposed creation of four additional bishoprics for supplying episcopal ministrations within the bounds of certain populous and extensive dioceses. — The “Marseillaise” officially recog- nised as the French National Anthem in conformity with the decree of 1795, by which the hymn of Rouget de Lisle, composed in a single night at Strasburg, and known up to that time as “ Chant de Guerre de l’Armee du Rhin ” was sounded over the Republic to rouse Volunteers. — The centenary of Captain Cook’s death on the shores of Hawaii celebrated in Paris by the French Geographical Society. — First cotton-mill established under an Imperial Charter commences work at Shanghai. 16 . — Died, aged 69, the Rev. John Sherren Brewer, Rector of Toppesfield, Essex, formerly preacher at the Rolls Chapel, and a scholarly editor of State Papers relating to the reign of Henry VIII. 18 . — Died, at 'Montaigne (Dordogne), aged 73, M. Magne, in early life a humble messen- ger at the Prefecture, but, qualifying himself for the bar, became Minister of Public Works, and next Minister of Finance to the Emperor Napoleon. — Serious military riot at Cairo, incited it was thought, by the Khedive, and leading to the retirement of Nubar Pasha, as also of Mr. Rivers Wilson, with his French colleague, M. de Blignieres. — Pastor Boehringer, of St. Peter’s Church, Basle, excommunicated by his more orthodox Protestant brethren. — Concession leading to a settlement made by workmen on strike in Liverpool and London. 19 . — Prince Leopold, along with Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Goschen, speaks at the Mansion House in favour of a scheme of Uni- versity extension by means of local committees and centres. — Mr. Balfour’s bill for settling the Burials 'question “talked out” in the Commons. — Suggested by the Duke of Norfolk, and seconded by the Marquis of Ripon, the Catholic Union adopt a resolution expressive of the profound gratification felt by British Catholics on learning that the Very Rev. John Henry Newman was to be raised to the dignity of a Cardinal. The German Reichsrath refuse permission to imprison or even suspend two Socialist Deputies who had returned . to . Berlin after being expelled. 20. — Yakoob Khan makes peace overtures to the British Government ; Shere Ali was reported as having died next day at Mazar- i-Sherif near Balkh, whither he had with- drawn when the last members of the Russian Embassy left Cabul. — The Lake of Geneva and Neuchatel visited by the most severe hurricane known since 1844, vessels at anchor being wrecked, and trees along the shore torn up in thousands. Generally winter weather was thought to have returned over the greater part of Western Europe. — Telegrams from Rangoon make mention of King Theebaw having executed eighty-six members of the royal family. — Died at Molesey, aged 69, John Parry, a musician and actor, but best known through his later amusing entertainments given mostly in conjunction with Mr. and Mrs, German Reed. 21 . — The curious bequest known as the Centennial Safe closed up in the Statuary Hall, Washington, till 1976. — Died at Wandsworth, aged 69, Peter Le Neve Foster, Secretary of the Society of Arts, and an active agent in promoting the Great Exhibition of 1851. — Died at Luxor, Upper Egypt, aged 37, Dr. Charles Appleton, D.C.L., first editor of the “ Academy,” and advocate for the “ endowment of research.” 22. — Dinner given to Lord Dufferin at the Reform Club (Earl Granville presiding), on the eve of his departure for St. Petersburg as Ambassador. — The Empress of Austria arrives at Summerhill, Meath County, to pass the hunt- ing season. — Assassination of Prince Kraptokine, Governor of Kharkoff. — Died, aged 45, Henry Pelham, sixth Duke of Newcastle, much marvelled at in his day for losses on the turf. 23 . — Died, aged 62, M. St. Reen Tailland- ier, Academician and Professor at the Sorbonne, known also as a Liberal Catholic contributor to the “ Revue des Deux Mondes.” — Died, aged 76, the German Field Marshal Count Von Roon, a leading counsellor in the late wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. 24 . — The Queen, through the Secretary of State for War, telegraphs to Lord Chelmsford her sympathy with him * ‘ in the dreadful loss which has deprived her of so many gallant 1305 FEBRUARY MARCH 1879 officers and men,” and that her Majesty “places entire confidence in him and in her troops to maintain our honour and our good name.” — The 17th Lancers embarked at the Victoria Docks, one detachment on board the France and the other on the England, for South Africa. Mrs. Butler, better known as Miss Thompson, the painter of “ The Roll Call,” &c., was present at the embarkation. 25 . — Marshal Campos, who had restored the Bourbon dynasty in Spain and pacified Cuba, receives an enthusiastic welcome on landing at Cadiz. 26 . — The Earl of Glasgow appointed Lord Clerk Register, of Scotland, without salary. 27 . — Col. Stanley, Secretary of State for War, brings in the new Army Discipline and Regulation Bill, intendeddo supersede the cum- bersome annual Mutiny Act ; read a first time. — The youthful Prince Louis Napoleon leaves by the Union Steamship Danube for the Cape of Good Hope, to enter service as a Volunteer with the British army in Natal from which he never returned. — The Bishop of Oxford (Dr. Mackarness) appeared personally in the Court of Queen’s Bench to resist a rule for a mandamus calling upon him to institute legal proceedings against the Rev. T. T. Carter of Clewer, for unlawful ceremonial. 28 . — A tablet to the memory of the poet Keats unveiled at Rome, in presence of the English Ambassador (Sir A. Paget), and a large number of spectators. The tablet is placed beside the window of the room in which Keats died, in a house at the foot of the Trinita de’ Monti. March 1 . — Weston’s attempt to cover 2,000 miles in 1,000 hours, taking the weather and roads as happened, fails by only 22^ miles, an over-enthusiastic reception at Windsor slightly unnerving the highly-strung tempera- ment of this incomparable pedestrian from achieving one of the greatest triumphs of the kind on record at a moment when the prize appeared within his grasp. 3 . — Colonel Stanley introduces the Army Estimates — £15,645,700, being a decrease of £2,145,600 from last year. — The Royal Chateau of Tervueren, near Brussels, occupied by the afflicted Empress Charlotte, widow of the unfortunate Maximilian of Mexico, destroyed by fire ; no lives were lost, and the Empress was conveyed in safety to Lacken. — Died at Madeira, whither he had betaken himself suffering from a pulmonary affection, and at the age of only 35, William Kingdon Clifford, F.R. S., Professor of Applied Mathematics in University College, London, 1306 who graduated in the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos as Second Wrangler and Second Smith’s Prizeman, 1867. — Died at Rome, aged 84, William Howitt, an attractive writer who wrote much concern- ing Poets, Poetry, and Rural Life in England in his own name, and much also on kindred topics in conjunction with his amiable and accomplished wife, who survives the loss of her partner in life for over fifty years. — Died, age 78, M. Jules Bastide, a French Revolutionist of some prominence in the strug- gle of 1830, and the first, it was said, to plant the tricolour on the summit of the Tuileries. 4 . — Mr. Trevelyan’s motion in favour of household suffrage in counties and a redistribu- tion of seats rejected by 291 to 226 votes. 5 . — Lord A. Loftus takes leave of the Emperor of Russia, and Lord Dufferin arrives at St Petersburg as British Ambassador. — In the official list of new Cardinals issued to-day there appears the name of “Dr Newman, of England.” — Mutilated remains of a woman found in the Thames at Barnes, afterwards identified as those of Mrs. Thomas, a lady of means resid- ing at Richmond, murdered by Kate Webster three days since. — Died at his residence in Suffolk, the Rev. Sir John Molyneux, of Castle Dillon, Armagh, an honorary canon of Ely, prominent in his early days as a supporter of Dr. Pusey. 8 . — Mandamus granted in the Queen’s Bench ordering the Bishop of Oxford to insti- tute proceedings against Canon Carter, of Clewer, for illegal Ritualistic practices. — An attempt made in the French Chamber of Deputies to impeach the De Broglie Cabinet of 1877. A vote °f censure was ultimately carried. — Fire at the Royal Polytechnic Institution, Regent Street, confined ultimately to the theatre and adjacent erections, but threatening at one time destruction to the entire fabric. — Died near his birthplace, in Connecticut, aged 69, Elihu Burritt, “the learned black- smith,” and widely celebrated also for his efforts in the cause of peace among nations. 9 . — Fire in Lord Granville’s residence, Carlton House Terrace, but subdued after destruction of the upper story, where it originated. — Died at Newcastle-on-Tyne, aged 64, David Page, L. L. D. , Professor of Geology in the College of Physical Science there, and author of various text-books on his favourite study. 10. — Mr. W. H. Smith introduces the Navy Estimates — £10,586,894, a reduction of £457,000. MARCH 1879 MARCH 11 . — The Earl of Dundonald elected a Scotch Representative Peer in room of the late Earl of Lauderdale, and various protests handed in against the Earl of Mar and Kellie voting as being vested by the decision of House of Lords in the ancient earldom of Mar. — Sir W. Lawson’s “local option ” resolu- tion rejected in the Commons by 252 to 154 votes. 12. — The Hungarian town of Szegedin, the second great trade emporium in the country, submerged by the conjoined waters of the Theiss and Maros breaking through many strong and ingeniously-constructed lines of defence raised against the calamity, threatened for over a week past. 6,000 houses were reported as destroyed, and 2,000 lives lost. 13 . — Marriage of the Duke of Connaught to the Princess Louise Margaret, daughter of the late Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia, celebrated with much pomp at Windsor. — A cutter with twelve pilots and eight of a crew on board run down off Dungeness by the Royal Mail Steamship Severn , and fifteen men drowned. — Died in obscurity and poverty, an outcast from society, the notorious William Broadhead, prominent over twenty years since as chief murder agent for the desperate Sheffield Trade Unionists. (See p. 780 &c.) 15 . — A Select Committee of the House of Lords on Intemperance issue a report favourable to the local adoption of what was known as the “ Gothenburg System,” or increase in licensing duties and earlier closing of licensed houses than at present. 17 . — Died at Berlin, Adolph Strodtmann, biographer of Heine, the friend of Kinkel and translator of various English poets. — Died, at Vienna, aged 75, Gotfried Semper, Professor of Architecture at Dresden till extreme political opinions led to exile in England. IO. — William Habron, convicted of the murder of a policeman at Whalley Range to which Peace confessed, released from prison. — Bleiberg, a village near Villach, in the Austrian Tyrol, overwhelmed in the most stupendous of several avalanches loosened from the mountain side, and over thirty people, including one entire family of eight, buried alive. 19 . — *Sir M. Ilicks-Beach addresses a de- spatch to Sir Bartle Frere stating that the Government were unable to see any urgent necessity for commencing the Zulu War without consulting the Home Government. — Bill for abolishing law of Hypothec in Scotland read a second time in the Commons. — The French ironclad Arrogante sinks in six fathoms of water while making for the 1307 beach among the little islands of Hyeres off Toulon ; 47 were drowned out of a crew of 122. 19 . — Statue to the memory of Dr. Living- stone (the work of Mossman, and the gift of Dr. Young, Kelly), unveiled in George’s Square, Glasgow. — Died, Dr. Johannes Huber, Professor in the University of Munich, and one of the leaders of the Old Catholic movement. — Died at Florence, Miss Jane Clairmont, a step-daughter of William Godwin, through his second marriage, and otherwise of note in the Shelley circle. 20. — The Marquis Tseng, new Chinese Ambassador, presents his credentials to the Queen at Windsor, as did also Admiral Pothuau, French Ambassador. 21. — Lord Salisbury explains in the House of Lords that when the works suggested were carried out the harbour of Famagosta, Cyprus, would be more capacious than that of Malta. — Mrs. Theodore Martin (Miss Helen Faucit) gives a series of Shakespearian readings in Glasgow for the benefit of the City Bank sufferers. 22. — By 330 to 1 31 votes, the French Chamber affirm the principle of removing the seat of Legislature from Versailles to Paris. — Died at Lake View, Keswick, aged 91, Major-General Sir John Woodford, one of the oldest surviving Waterloo officers. — Prince Bismarck expresses himself as favourable to advancing Alsace and Lorraine from a mere territory to a new state with representation in the Federal Council if the inhabitants generally held opinions similar to those of Herr Schneegans, Deputy, who had expressed the desire, but in the meantime it was necessary for Germany for the sake of self-preservation to subordinate the liberties of Alsace to the safety of the Fatherland. 23 . — Died at his seat, Wallingford, North- umberland, Sir Walter C. Trevelyan, antiquary and social reformer. The estates passed in life-rent to Sir Charles Trevelyan, but after- wards by entail to his son, Mr. G. O. Trevelyan. 24 . — Archdeacon Sweatman, M.A., of Christ’s C' -ege, Cambridge, elected Bishop of Toronto oy popular nomination, and as the result of a final ballot among the clergy and parishes. 25 . — The Queen leaves London for Baveno, Lago Maggiore, where a month’s stay was arranged for. — Lord Lansdowne’s motion in the House of Lords against the policy of the Zulu war, and regretting that Sir Bartle Frere had not been recalled, rejected by 156 to 95 votes. V* MARCH APRIL 1879 25 . — Attempt made to shoot General Dren- teln, chief of St. Petersburg Police, while driving through the Summer Garden to attend a Council of Ministers. — Keith’s Circus, Princes Street, Derby, destroyed by fire, one watchman being over- whelmed in the ruins, as well as several trained horses and various other performing animals. 26 . — Died at Greifswald, aged 85, the distinguished philologist Schomann. — Died at Hurstpierpoint, aged 77, Arch- deacon James Garbett, Bampton Lecturer 1842, and Professor of Poetry at Oxford 1842-52. — Clumber House, the seat of the Duke of Newcastle, almost wholly destroyed by fire, with many valuable pictures by Snyders, Correggio, and other art treasures. 27 . — Died at Berlin, in his eleventh year, Prince Waldemar of Prussia, third son of the Crown Prince, and grandson of Queen Victoria. — General Garibaldi seeks to dissuade Italian emigrants from the colonization of New Guinea, in the not distant prospect of their services being required in the cause of freedom at home. 28 . — The Queen arrives safely at Baveno, having “received” President Grevy yesterday on her way through Paris. 29 . — Colonel Wood, who had yesterday attacked Ombelini’s mountain stronghold and captured a number of cattle, is in return attacked in camp at Kambula by Zulus, who are repulsed after four hours’ fighting, but not without heavy loss on the British side. More reckless of life than even on former occasions the Zulus fought with desperation for over four hours, and were several times within the camp. Affairs now looked so critical that Colonel Wood’s natives began to desert. 30 —Died at Albano, Rome, the Hon. Charles Spencer Cowper, youngest son of the fifth Earl Cowper, by Emily Mary, daughter of Viscount Melbourne, who afterwards married Lord Palmerston, K.G. - — Speaking at the Mansion House, Lord Hartington, on behalf of his father, Chancellor of Cambridge University, warmly commends the scheme promoted by Cavendish College, whereby a university education was to be defrayed at the moderate cost of ^84 per annum. 31 . — Sir Charles Dilke’s motion condemna- tory of the Zulu War negatived in the Commons, after a three nights’ debate, by 306 to 246 votes. — Died, within a month of completing his 103rd year, Dr. James Ingram, minister of the Free Church at Unst, Shetland, trained to preach so far back as 1800, and settled in Unst three years afterwards, his son being ordained 1308 assistant and successor in the charge, in 1838. Dr. Ingram’s father lived to be 100, and his grandfather 105 years of age. April 1. — Died at Dalquharran Castle, Ayr- shire, aged 90. the Right Hon. Thomas Francis Kennedy of Dunure, a zealous Whig Reformer over sixty years since, and Lord of the Treasury in Earl Grey’s Ministry, being also, at the time of his death, one of the oldest members of Brookes’s Club. Mrs. Kennedy was Sophia, only daughter of Sir Samuel Romilly. 3 . — Sir Stafford Northcote introduces the Annual Budget, no addition to taxation being proposed, and only a small increase in certain trifling duties. From the ^33, 000,000 odd of revenue the Chancellor expected there would be a surplus of nearly ^2,000,000 to meet extra expenses caused by the Zulu War. — Fighting his way through from Gingih- lovo, Lord Chelmsford reaches Ekowe, and relieves Colonel Pearson. — Died by his own hand in Morley’s Hotel, Trafalgar Square, Isaac Fletcher, F.R. S., and M.P. for Cockermouth. Mr. Fletcher was succeeded in the representation of Cocker- mouth by his brother. A. — Justin M‘Carthy, author of “ A History of Our Own Times,” and several novels, elected Member for Longford County, without opposition, in Home Rule interest. — Died at Baltimore, aged 94, Madame Paterson Bonaparte, at one time wife of Prince Jerome, King of Westphalia, brother of Napoleon I. — Died at Stanley Place, South Lambeth, Miss Eliza Meteyard, biographer of Josiah Wedgwood, and familiar to magazine readers as “Silverpen.” 6 . — The Khedive attempts the dismissal of Mr. Rivers Wilson and other Europeans to make way for native advisers. — Parliament adjourns for the Easter recess. 7 . — In the Test Case of Muir and others against the City of Glasgow Bank, the House of Lords decide for the personal liability of Trustees. — Died, after a lingering illness, John Harvey of Ickwellbury, who had done much as a county magistrate to alleviate the condition of pauper lunatics confined in county asylums. 8 . — Died at his residence in Bloomsbury Square, aged 82, Sir Anthony Panizzi, K.C.B., formerly Principal Librarian of the British Museum, and designer of the noble Reading Room bearing his name, but of wide repute otherwise in the world of letters, as well as of Italian politics in the early Carbonari days. 9 . — Died at Broomfield, aged 67, John Crossley, formerly M.P. for Halifax, the last survivor of the Brothers Crossley concerned APRIL 8/9 MAY in carrying on the great carpet works at Deanclough. 12. — Died at New York, aged 53, General Richard Taylor, son of President Zachray Taylor, who commanded under General Stone- wall Jackson in the War of Secession. 13 . — Osterley House, Hendon, Hounslow, built by Sir Thomas Gresham, partly destroyed by fire. — Speaking at Cupar-Fife, Mr. W. P. Adam, Liberal “ Whip,” repudiates Dis- establishment as part of the Liberal pro- grjmme in Scotland. 14 . — New Convalescent Home at Hun- stanton opened by the Prince and Princes.; of Wales. — A socialist schoolmaster named Solovieff attempts to shoot the Czar in the streets of St. Petersburg. — Died at Deal, aged 69, Rear-Admiral William Boys, present at Navarino, and afterwards engaged in New Zealand ex- ploration, and in the Crimea. 15 . — Addressing his constituents at Bir- mingham, Mr. Bright vehemently condemned the restless foreign policy of the Government, as did also Sir W. Harcourt at Sheffield. 16 — Riotous outbreak among colliers on strike at Lambton pits, Durham. — Died at Nevers, the visionary of Lourdes Grotto, known in convent fife as Sister Marie Bernard. 17 . — An Imperial Ukase issued, announcing a series of vigorous repressive measures in Russia, and entrusting the civil administration of several districts to military governors. — Colliery explosion at Mons, Belgium, causing the death of about 200 men and boys employed in the workings. 18 . -— Interview between Queen Victoria and the King and Queen of Italy at Monza. — Lord Derby withdraws from the Lanca- shire Union of Conservative Associations. He dissented from the foreign policy of the Govern- ment endorsed by the Associations, and desired to be otherwise free from party organizations. — Died, Sir Alex. Taylor, M.D., F.R.S., esteemed as an authority on the use of medical waters in Southern France. 20. — M. Blanqui, presently in prison, and therefore ineligible, elected deputy for Bordeauk. — Died, in Edinburgh, aged 67, Alexander Maclagan, a poetical contributor of some prominence to the Volunteer, Temperance, and Masonic movements. 21 . — Convention between Austria and Tur- key respiting the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina signed at the Porte. y 2 21. — Died, aged 81, General John A. Dix, United States officer in the War of Secession, and afterwards Republican Governor of the State of New York. 23 . — The Duke of Buccleuch installed as Chancellor of Glasgow University. — The Queen leaves Baveno for Milan, Turin, and Paris, on her return to England, which she reaches on the 26. h. — Died at Genoa, aged 63, James Henry Robert Innes Ker, sixth Duke of Roxburghe. 24 . — Celebration of silver wedding of the Emperor of Austria. 25 . — Canon Lightfoot consecrated Bishop of Durham in Westminster Abbey. 26 . — The new Canal connecting Amster- dam with the North Sea, Dutch vessels for Java now sail from the commercial capital instead of the Helder. 27 . — Died at Cheltenham, aged 56, Sir William Henry Doyle, Chief Justice of Gibraltar. 28 . — Died, Mrs. Rousby, leading actress for some years in the historical plays produced at the Queen’s Theatre. 29 . — Opposed by Lord Beaconsfield as a futile proposal, Lord Bateman withdraws his motion In favour of reciprocity. — Prince Alexander of Battenberg elected Prince of Bulgaria in the Assembly at Tirnova by a majority of votes over Prince Waldemar of Denmark, and Prince Reuss. May 3 . — Mr. Gladstone adopted as a candi- date for Leeds at the next general election. 4 . — Died at the Cape, where he was cruising for his health, William Froude, F. R.S., one of the highest modern authorities in the science of applied mathematics. 5 . — Died, aged 67, Isaac Butt, Q.C., M.P. for Limerick, founder of the Home Rule league of 1872 which first identified this Irish demand with a Parliamentary party. — Lord Salisbury makes a statement in the House of Lords respecting the Berlin Treaty, and asserts that all its obligations will be scrupulously performed. — Opposed by Earl Beaconsfield and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord Thurlow’s resolution in favour of opening Galleries and Museums in London on Sundays is rejected by the Lords, the vote being 67 against 53. 6 . — Marriage with a Deceased Wife’s Sister Bill, supported by the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Bishop of Ripon, and Lord Houghton, rejected in the Lords by 101 to 8 1 votes. 7 . — A Bill, authorising the formation of Volunteer Corps in Ireland, read a second time in the Commons. 1 3^9 11 A } 879 MAY 7 . — Died, aged 74, Anthony Francis Nugent, ninth Earl of Westmeath, and Lord Delvin in the peerage of Ireland. — Died, aged 70, Rev. Philip Kelland, Professor of Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh. 8 . — The Ameer, Yakoob Khan, arrives in the British Camp at Gundamuk, and is received in state by Major Cavagnari. — Stoppage of Messrs. Swann, Clough & Co.’s Bank at York, with liabilities estimated at ,£200,000. — Indictment of William Scott (of J. James Wright & Co.) on charges of theft, breach of trust, and embezzlement-, found irrevelant, at Glasgow Circuit Court, through want of speci- fication. 9 . — W. B. Richmond elected Slade Pro- fessor of Art at Oxford, in succession to Mr. Ruskin, who resigned the chair. — The remains of Miss Hacker found in coal cellar attached to the house, No. 4, Euston Square, inquiry leading to the apprehension of Hannah Dobbs, afterwards tried for the murder but acquitted. 10. — -Eleven thousand persons reported to have been apprehended in Russia since the Reign of Terror commenced, most of them being now under sentence of banishment to Siberia. — Died at Gottingen, aged 65, Professor Grisebach, botanist and geographer. 11 . — Died, Samuel Gobat, D.D., Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem, a See created amid much controversy during the Oxford movement, and which brought Dr. Newman to what he called “the beginning of the end.” (See p. 88.) 12. — The Princess Charlotte of Saxe- Meiningen, eldest daughter of the Crown Prince and Princess of Germany, gives birth to a daughter, making the Queen a great-grand- mother. — Dr. Newman receives at the residence of Cardinal Howard in the Palazzo della Pigna at Rome a messenger from the Vatican, an- nouncing his elevation to the rank of Cardinal. Congratulatory addresses and handsome offer- ings were afterwards presented to the New Prince of the Church, on whom the Pope had conferred the Church of San Giorgio, in Pelabro. — Miss M. Shaw Lefevre elected Principal of Somerville Hall, Oxford, one of the two Colleges for Lady- Undergraduates established at that University. 13 . — An enormous avalanche, descending from the Jungfrau, swept through the valley of the Stufenstein, carrying away an entire forest. 14 . — The German Empress arrives at Windsor on a visit to the Queen. 13^0 14 . — Serious failures recorded in the North of England iron trade ; the more important firms mentioned as suspending payment being Messrs. Lloyd & Co., Middlesborough ; Hop- kins, Gilkes & Co. (Limited), and the Skerne Iron Company of Darlington. 16 . — In the House of Lords the Duke of Argyll attacks the foreign policy of the Govern- ment, ending by telling them that Time was their great accuser, and that the progress of events was summing up the case against them. I.ord Beaconsfield replied that the policy of the present Government in India was the policy of the Opposition when in power, but a policy which they had not the courage to put to the test. 19 . — Ministers announce in Parliament that preliminaries of peace had been concluded with Yakoob Khan. — Right of re-establishing capital punish- ment restored to the Swiss cantons. 20. — Mr. Hopwood’s motion for omitting flogging from the new Army Discipline Bill rejected by 239 to 56 votes. — The House of Lords affirm decision of Court of Session in seven City of Glasgow Bank appeal cases. — Testimonial of ,£6,263 presented to Mr. Spurgeon, on the completion of the twenty- fifth year of his pastorate. — Died, aged 81, Dr. Georg Karl Justus Ulrich, Master of the University of Gottingen, and one of the few survivors of the War of Liberation, as a campaigner under General Walmoden. 21. — Naval engagement off Iquique. The Chilian ironclad, Esmeralda , sunk by the Hnas- czr, and the Peruvian ironclad, Independence , run ashore and wrecked. 23 . — Examined before a Parliamentary Com- mittee on Electric Lighting, Professor Sir William Thomson expresses his belief in the ultimate success of electricity as an illuminating power. — Died at Cornwall Road, Bayswater, aged 77, James Grant, author and journalist, editor of the Morning Advertiser from 1850 to 1871. Mr. Grant was a native of Elgin, Morayshire, and his principal books “Random Recollections,” “The Great Metropolis,” and “ A History of the News- paper Press.” 24 . — Five toll bridges over the Thames opened as free by the Prince of Wales, the consideration paid by the Metropolitan Board of Works being Lambeth, ,£36,000 ; Vauxhall, ,£255,230; Chelsea, ,£75,000; and Albert with Battersea together ,£170,000. — The British India Steam Navigation Company’s steamer Ava sunk by collision with the ship Brenhilda , in the Bay of Bengal, and seventy lives lost. MAY 1879 JUNE 26 . — The Treaty of Gundamuk signed by the Ameer Yakoob Khan and Major Cavagnari, provision being made for the safe and honour- able treatment of a British Resident at Cabul, for the Khyber and Mishni Passes being under British control, and for a subsidy of six lacs of rupees being paid to the Ameer yearly. — Announcement made in Parliament that Sir Garnet Wolseley had been appointed Governer of Natal and the Transvaal. — Died at New York, aged 75, William Lloyd Garrison, a cultivated enthusiast in the cause of Negro Emancipation, and editor of the Anti- Slavery Liberator from its origin, January 8th, 1832, till the close of 1861, when its object was accomplished. 27 . — The 1 ooth anniversary of the birth of Thomas Moore celebrated in London by the Home Rule Club. 23 . — The centennial race for the Derby Stakes at Epsom won by Mr. Acton’s (L. de Rothschild) Sir Bevys. — The General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland suspend Professor Robertson Smith for teaching views opposed to the Confession of Faith. — The German Reichstag passes a bill for provisional enforcement of the new Protective Customs duties. 29 . ^A Panama Canal congress at Paris adopt by a majority a resolution in favour of a level canal from the Gulf of Limon to Panama. — Died, aged 90, Rev. J. Griffith, D.D., Canon of Rochester, who, as accompanying Lord Amherst to China in 1816, had shared in the perils of the famed Alceste shipwreck. — The House of Lords, sitting as a Com- mittee of Privileges, pronounce judgment in the claim made to the Annandale peerage by Mr. Hope Johnstone, of Annandale, the main ques- tion being whether the Scotch titles of Marquis of Annandale, Earl of Annandale and Hartfell, Viscount Annan, Lord Johnstone of Loch- wood, Lochmaben, Moffatdale, and Evandale, were limited to the heirs male of a grantee from King Charles II. in 1661, or whether they descended to heirs general. At the conclusion of the arguments, the Lord Chancellor reviewed at some length the arguments and circum- stances under which the House had decided in 1844 against the claim of the grandfather of the present claimant. The patent of 1661 referred to the earlier patent, and it could not be contended that the earlier patent had been surrendered. The unanimous opinion pro- nounced in 1844, after the case had been argued by the highest legal authorities, ought not to be disturbed upon the further evidence now presented, and he advised the House not to change what was then done. Lords Hather- ley, Blackburn, and Gordon having concurred, the Earl of Redesdale put the question in the usual form. 30 . — The Lord Justices allow the appeals of the Bishop of Oxford and Canon Carter against the decision of the Queen’s Bench in the Clewer Ritual case. 31 . — Died at Surbiton, aged 80, William Wilberforce, of Workington Grange, York- shire, eldest son of the late distinguished philanthropist. — Died at Hyde Park Gate, aged 86, Sir G. J. Gambier, formerly Chief Justice, Madras. June 1 . — Prince Louis Napoleon killed by Zulus on a reconnaissance near the Uyotozi river. On leaving Woolwich Royal Military Academy with honours, in 1875, the young Prince was for a time unofficially attached to the staff of the General commanding at Aldershot, but for the most part he lived at Chislehurst, establishing friendships with many distinguished personages of all countries, and following with interest the course of political events every- where, especially in France. The simplicity of his life and manners, a natural gentleness of temper, and a most unblemished character, warmly attached friends, many who, in the first instance, had been drawn to him by the dig- nity with which he supported the reverses of fortune. On the breaking out of the Zulu war the Prince obtained, after much solicitation, per- mission to join the English army, and was at- tached in some vague unsatisfactory way to Lord Chelmsford’s personal staff. The precise status never having been accurately defined, no small difficulty was experienced by commanders near whom he found himself in preventing the Prince being exposed to needless danger. At length, finding himself with General Harrison’s advance column, he was permitted to join a reconnoitering party with Lieut. Carey. The same indefiniteness which marked the Prince’s connection with the army now attached itself to his new relations with Lieut. Carey, who, look- ing upon himself as the Prince’s subordinate, allowed the latter to decide the movements of the party. In the course of the afternoon they were surprised whilst resting in a field of maize by a party of Zulus, and the Prince’s horse becoming restive, he was unable to mount and escape with the others. On the following day his body was found naked, and pierced with eighteen assegai wounds, but in other respects not mutilated. The body was conveyed to Durban, and thence brought home in H.M.S. Orontes , with every possible testi- mony of respect. The remains of the poor young Prince were interred at Chislehurst, beside his father’s, on July 12th, the Royal Princes of England and many other countries attending the ceremony, the Queen herself going to Chislehurst to remain with the sor- rowing ex-Empress during this trying period, so fraught with distress and misfortune to the Napoleon family. 2 . — Exhibition opened at the Mansion House by the Coachmakers’ Company of models and 13H JUNE JUNE rtf 9 drawings illustrating the history of their industry. 2. — The Order of Knighthood conferred upon Mr. Henry Bessemer. — The Comedie Fra^aise Company make their first appearance at the Gaiety, Mdlle. Sarah Bernhardt appearing in various plays. 3. — M. Blanqui’s election as deputy annulled by 372 to 33 votes. The President, however, signed a pardon in favour of the revolutionist on the 10th. — General Grant arrives at Pekin, and is received with great ceremony. — Second dividend of 3s. 4d. in the pound declared by City Bank Liquidators. — Died at his residence, Piccadilly, aged 71, Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild, head of the great financing house, and the first Jew who sat in the House of Commons under the relief afforded by the compromise of 1858. (See p. 524.) A. — Three nurses at Westminster Hospital invested with the badge of St. Katherine, a new order founded by the Queen for improving the social position of hospital and other nurses. — Died at the Cape, aged 81, Frederick R. Lee, a favourite landscape painter and ex-R. A. 5 . — In a course of visits to European rulers Prince Alexander of Bulgaria arrives in London and leaves immediately to see the Queen at Balmoral. — President Grevy signs a final decree releasing over 200 political prisoners. 6. — Died, aged 80, the Right Rev. Thomas Doyie, “Provost” of Southwark, one of the oldest Catholic clergy upon what was till lately the English Mission. — Died at Turnham Green, Mrs. Howard Paul, a popular actress and singer for nearly twenty-five years. 7 . — Solovieff hanged at St. Petersburg for attempting the life of the Czar. — Died at Paris, Dr. Tilbury Fox, an authority of high repute in skin diseases. 9 . — Died Dr. Moore, curator of the Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin, a native of Dun- dee, and an accepted authority on the botany of Ireland. — Died suddenly in court, wheq speaking on a motion for a new trial, the Hon. Edward Butler, Q.C., an Irish Nationalist in youth ; in later life leader of the Bar of New South Wales. 11 . — Mr. Chamberlain’s bill for extending the hours of polling at elections negatived by 190 to 165 votes. — Mr. Justice Mellor formally retires from the Bench, and is succeeded by Charles ,S. C. Bowen, called to the Bar in 1861. I 3!2 11 . — The golden wedding of the Emperor and Empress celebrated with great enthusiasm throughout Germany. — Died in Paris, after a brief, irregular life, William Prince of Orange, eldest son of William III., King of Holland. 13 . — The last portion of Temple Bar re- moved from the line dividing the cities of London and Westminster. — Died, aged 70, Henry Noel Humphreys, naturalist and archaeologist, author of “ British Butterflies,” &c. 14 -. — The French Senate adopt in principle the removal of the Chambers from Versailles to Paris. 15 . — Died, aged 78, Sir Thomas A. Lar- come, antiquary, and Director in the Irish Survey Department. — Died at Konigsberg, aged 74, Professor Karl Rosenkranz, a learned expounder of the philosophical systems of Kant and Hegel. — Died, Robert Shaw, British Resident at Mandalay, a traveller also through Yarkand. 16 . — A succession of disorderly scenes take place in the French Chamber during debates on the University Education Bill ; M. Paul de Cassagnac censured for imputing ‘ ‘ falsification” to ministers. — Lord Beaconsfield declines accepting a gold laurel wreath, procured, it was said, through the subscriptions of 50,000 people, acting under instructions from Tracey Tur- nerelli, who had complained from time to time that his services to the Conservative party had never been properly recognized. 17 . — Government assent to the proposal for limiting the maximum number of lashes allowed in the army from fifty to twenty- five. — Meeting between deputation of Scottish and Irish bankers representing unlimited banks and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in refer- ence to the Government Banking Bill. 18 . — Swarms of butterflies reported as hav- ing appeared of late in various parts of France, Germany, and Switzerland ; and of locusts, with beetles, in Russia. 19 . — The French Chambers meet in con- gress to decide on such alterations in the Constitution as will permit of their meeting at Paris in future. — Chiefly on the ground that the present system was in conformity with the wish of the House of Commons, the Lord Chancellor opposes Lord Coleridge’s proposal in com- mittee on the Prosecution of Offences Bill for substituting the Attorney-General for the Home Secretary as director of public prosecutions, — Mr. Alma-Tadema elected R.A., and Messrs, Boughton and Herkomer A.R.A.’s. — British and French representatives in Egypt demand abdication of Khedive. JUNE 1879 JULY 20. — Died at Melbourne, Victoria, aged 86, Sir George Stephen, Q.C., younger brother of Sir James, an early advocate of African emancipation, and, later, an active Colonial barrister. 23 . — The death of young Prince Louis Napoleon referred to in the House of Lords by the Duke of Cambridge, who read the letters of introduction and recommendation to Lord Chelmsford and Sir Bartle Frere given by him to the Prince ; by Lord Beaconsfield, who, after alluding to the Prince’s career at Woolwich and elsewhere, expressed his opinion that his life had been needlessly sacrificed ; and by Lord Granville, who referred to the sympathy of the English people. 24 -. — Publication of Mr. Gladstone’s letter to Principal Rainy explaining such views as the ex-Premier presently entertained regarding the Disestablishment question and current Scotch politics. 25 . — In the course of debate on the O’Con- nor Don’s Irish University Bill Mr. Cross announces that the Government will introduce a measure on the subject. — Died at Farnham, aged 73, Sir William Fothergill Cooke, a discoverer and worker in electrical science, ranked with Wheatstone, Moers, and Bonelli. 26 . — Ismail Pasha, the Khedive, noted in his later days by manifesting an imbecile passion for hoarding money, is deposed by the Sultan, and his son Tewfik appointed successor. — Died at Castagnolo, near Florence, Dr. Clement Williams, a trusted English agent at the Court of the King of Burmah. 27 . — Centenary of the Friends’ Schools at Ackworth, originally a branch of the London Foundling Hospital, celebrated at Wakefield. — Died, aged 68, and laid with befitting solemnity in Westminster Abbey, close by the graves of his companions Clyde and Outram, John Laird Moir Lawrence, Lord Lawrence, K. S. I., Viceroy and Governor- General of India 1863 — 68, succeeding Lord Elgin in that high office, and preceding Lord Mayo. 28 . — The Court of Appeal, by a majority, reverse the judgment of the Queen’s Bench, quashing Lord Penzance’s order suspending Mr. Mackonochie for three years. — Died at Berobero, aged 33, another gifted victim to the African climate, A. Keith Johnston, discoverer and geographer, son of Alexander Keith Johnston, under whom the young explorer was partly trained. — The Doge’s Palace at Vienna reported to be threatened with ruin in consequence of the oxidisation of iron bars inserted in the Istrian stone of the capitals and arches. — The Caledonian Bank resumes business at Inverness. 30 . — Lord Chancellor Cairns introduces the Government Irish University Bill providing in the first instance only for an examining body empowered to confer degrees, but afterwards amplified under pressure to include a scheme of exhibitions, prizes, scholarships, and fellow- ships, for which Parliament would be asked to provide money in the annual votes. — The Chancellor of the Exchequer makes intimation in the House of Commons that the Privy Council had advised Her Majesty to grant the prayer of a memorial for the esta- blishment of a University in the North of England. July 1. — Died, aged 56, Alexander White- law, M.P., ironmaster, of the Gartshurie firm, the Conservative or minority member for Glasgow. — Lord Beaconsfield presented privately with the freedom of the Grocers’ Company. 2. Explosion at High Blantyre Colliery, near Glasgow, causing the death of 28 miners out of 140 employed in the workings. Warned by the serious disaster only two years since in this pit (see October 22, 1877), it was thought that extra precautions were in force all over the mine, but at an official inquiry following this fresh accident it was shown in evidence that men were in the habit of smoking in working hours, and that false keys were used for opening Davy lamps. 3 . — M. Paul de Cassagnac acquitted on the charge of inciting to hatred of the Government in his Pays newspaper. 4 . — The Zulu army, 20,000 strong, attacked at Ulundi by Lord Chelmsford and completely routed with heavy loss. 5 . — Stormy scenes in the House of Com- mons, the Parnellite party attempting to frus- trate a discussion on the Army Discipline Bill, which began to-day (Saturday) at 1.40 pm., and lasted till 12.15 a..m. on Sunday morning. — Died at her residence, Carlton Gardens, Frances, Countess Waldegrave (Lady Carling- ford), daughter of John Braham, the famous English tenor, but more prominent in the later years of her life for the abounding and graceful hospitality dispensed at Strawberry Hill, to which she succeeded on the death of her second husband, George Edward, seventh Earl Waldegrave. 6 . — Prince Alexander receives the “ berot ” of investiture as Prince of Bulgaria from the Sultan at Constantinople. — Died at Hampstead, aged 66, Henry Smart, organist, and composer of the oratorio “ Jacob,” and other pieces. 7 . — Hostility shown to the Army Discipline Bill leads to a meeting of Ministerial supporters early in the day, and to a repudiation by Mr. Chamberlain in the House of Lord Hartington’s leadership. 1313 JULY JULY 1379 7 . — First day of a fancy fete at the Albert Hall in aid of French charities in London. About ^6,000 collected by stall-holders and in other ways, Mdlle. Bernhardt heading the list with ^256. — Rev. W. Walsham How, rector of Whit- tington, Salop, nominated Bishop of Bedford under the Act of Henry VIII., as suffragan to the Bishop of London, with charge of the eastern and northern divisions of the metro- politan diocese. The living of St. Andrew Undershaft (,£2,000 per annum) attached to the Bishopric as an endowment. 8. — Concluded at the Central Criminal Court, being the sixth day of inquiry, the trial of Katherine Webster for the murder of Mrs. Thomas at Richmond. Verdict — Guilty. The prisoner made a statement affirming her inno- cence, but withdrawing certain accusations made against others, excepting the father of her illegitimate child, charged afresh with the crime. The prisoner further pleaded pregnancy in delay of execution, but a jury of matrons found there was no foundation for the state- ment, and Webster was accordingly executed at Wandsworth on the 29th, having previously made a confession to the Roman Catholic chaplain that she alone had committed the murder when under the influence of drink. — The Government Irish University Bill read a second time in the House of Lords. ©. — The Court of Session decide against Mr. Houldsworth’s claim for ,£229,000, made against City of Glasgow Bank Liquidators, the ground of decision being that the bank was no longer a “going concern, ” so no contract could be rescinded or damages recovered. IO. — Complaint made in the House of Com- mons that a clerk in the gallery was secretly making notes of speeches delivered by Irish members. A motion made by Mr. Parnell next evening calling for censure of the Speaker on this point was negatived by 421 to 29 votes. 14 . — Meeting of • representatives from City charities at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital to protest against the Government proposal for taxing one per cent, on the gross income of all charities for expenses of Charity Commissioners. — Anniversary of the fall of the Bastille celebrated by M. Gambetta’s first reception at the Palais Bourbon as President of the Chamber of Deputies. 15 . — The Army Discipline Bill, after being discussed in Committee for twenty-one days, is at length ordered to be reported as amended. — Charles Tennant, of the Glen (Liberal), elected M.P. for Glasgow without opposition in room of the late Mr. Whitelaw (Conservative). 16 . — The Italian Court of First Instance refusa to grant a decree of nullity of marriage, although sought for by both parties, between General Garibaldi and Signora Raimondi, on the ground of deception by the latter. 1314 17 . — Lord Hartington, on the report of the Army Bill, proposes the abolition of flogging, and is defeated by 289 to 183 votes. Rumours are now current that his lordship had consented to stand for North-east Lancashire at next general election. — Hamburg and Bremen notify to Prince Bismarck their unwillingness to renounce their rights as free poits, and claim the privileges conferred upon them as members of the old Hanseatic League. 19 . — At a meeting of Bonapartist senators and deputies held in Paris Prince Jerome was adopted as head of the Napoleon family. — Tncendiary plots reported from Moscow and Nijni Novgorod, the Kremlin having a narrow escape from an attempt to fire it during the daytime. SO. — Professor Nordenskjold’s expedition passes Behring’s Straits, having successfully accomplished the North-east passage. 21 . — Commencement of protracted debates in Committee -on Irish Supply votes, the House continuing to sit on this occasion till 3.45 a.m. on the 22nd. — The Dean of Westminster publishes a memorandum explaining the reasons which had induced him to offer a space in the Abbey for the proposed monument to Prince Louis Napoleon in Henry VII. ’s Chapel, where exiles of the Orleans family were interred. — The Army Discipline Bill read a second time in the House of Lords, the Duke of Cam- bridge expressing his belief as to the necessity for maintaining corporal punishment for certain offences. — Died, in St. Gothard Tunnel, on the eve of completing his stupendous undertaking, M. Louis Favre, contractor for the work. 22. — Died in Paris, the Duchess Colonnadi Castiglione, granddaughter of the Comte d’Affry, who commanded the Swiss Guard in the attack on the Tuileries 20th June, 1792. — The new Union Dock at Great Grimsby opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales. — Died, aged 80, Charles Landseer, R.A., younger brother of Sir Edwin, and pupil of the late B. R. Haydon. 23 . — Mr. J. L. Ward, solicitor, committed to the custody of Serjeant-at-Arms for com- plicity in seeking to influence a Select Com- mittee on the Tower High Level Bridge Bill. Mr. Ward was soon released on medical certificate after an apology. — News received of the victory of Ulundi, an official telegram being accompanied by the equally welcome intelligence that Sir Garnet Wolseley now considered the war as practically over. jul r AUGUST I879 23 . — Mr. Bright presides at a lecture given in Willis’s Rooms by Lai Mohun Ghose, and criticises severely our administration of affairs in India. — By a majority of 288 to 29 votes the U. P. Synod, presently sitting in Edinburgh, dismiss the protest and appeal made by Rev. D. Macrae, affirm the findings of the committee appointed to deal with him, and declares that he is no longer a minister of the Church. — Died at Dryburgh, near St. Boswell’s, aged 74, Charles Baillie, Lord Jerviswood, a Scottish Lord of Justiciary, who had retired from the Bench in 1874. 24 . — The O’Connor Don having withdrawn his bill, the Government Irish University mea- sure is read a second time in the Commons, Mr. Lowther announcing that certain desired alterations would be made in Committee. — Major Cavagnari and other members of the British mission make a public entry into Cabul, where they are received with marks of respect by the Ameer and his followers. Major Cavagnari was gazetted a K.C.B. on the 29th. 25 . — Dr. Walsham How, suffragan Bishop of Bedford, Dr. Barclay, the new Bishop of Jerusalem, the Bishops of Caledonia (Colum- bia) and Travancore, consecrated in St. Paul’s Cathedral. — Bill enabling the Government to make a loan of £2,000,000 for Indian purposes with- out interest read a second time ; and Mr. Fawcett’s resolution against taxing India for a war undertaken for Imperial purposes negatived by 137 to 125 votes. — The House of Commons agree to address the Crown in favour of a free pardon being granted to Edmund Galley, mLtakenly con- victed of murder at Exeter Assizes 1836. 27 . — The last of the Russian troops in East Roumelia embark at Bourgas. 23 . — Miss Caroline Kirkpatrick, lady pro- bationer at the Middlesex Hospital, saves two young women from drowning at Portrush. 29 . — Died at Heidelberg, aged 52, Prince William of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, wounded in the explosion of Laon arsenal, when he entered the city as divisional commander of cavalry, 1870. 30 . — Martyrs’ Memorial at Stratford-le- Bow unveiled by Lord Shaftesbury. — Statue of M. Thiers unveiled at Nancy in presence of Madame Thiers, but of few official friends. 3 1 . — The Chancellor of th e Exchequer makes his statement respecting the war expenses in South Africa, calculated at .£4,500,000 ; of this sum £”1,500,000 had been already provided for in the Budget ; the remainder to assume the form of Exchequer Bonds, of which £1,200,000 only would be issued. 31 . — A young man named Gerald Mainwar- ing,son of a Someisetshire magistrate, presently on a visit from America, sentenced to death at Derby Assizes for killing one police officer and shooting at another when being locked up on a charge of furious driving. — - Convocation of York Province discuss the Athanasian Creed in connection with a motion by the Bishop of Durham that its use should be optional. The suggestion was adopted in the Upper House, but rejected in the Lower. August 2 . — French Chambers prorogued, and the last sitting held at Versailles. — Severe thunderstorm and heavy rains experienced over England, particularly at Richmond, Surrey, over most of Cambridge, and at Norwich. — Died at Rome, advanced in years, Joseph Severn, artist, friend and companion of Keats. 4 . — Votes of thanks to the Viceroy and the army engaged in the Afghan war adopted in both Houses of Parliament, a motion in the Commons to omit Lord Lytton’s name being negatived by 148 to 33 votes. — The King of Prussia raises the son of Dr. Falck, late German Minister of Education, to the rank of a noble. — Field - Marshal Manteuffel appointed Governor-General of the state of Alsace- Lorraine. — Five persons killed, and over a dozen seriously injured, through a train wilfully wrecked by some person unknown, when many extra passengers were being conveyed home from the Thiers’ festival at Nancy. — Died, aged 86, Miss Margaret Sinclair, daughter of the eminent Sir John, of Thurso Castle, and friend of Sir Walter Scott. — Died in Park Lane, aged 83, Thomas Nicholas Barnewall, Baron Trimleston, repre- sentative of an ancient Meath family. 5 . — Died at New York, aged 56, Charles Fechter, tragedian and theatrical manager. — Died in New Zealand, aged 92, Mrs. Nicoll, mother of Robert, the young Scotch poet, who died in 1837. 6. — Ministerial Banquet at the Guildhall, Lord Beaconsfield defending his foreign policy and restating his views concerning the “three incomes ” derived from land in this country. — Rev. Dr. Cumming resigns his charge of the Scotch Church, Crown Court, after a service of full thirty years. — Died at Titchfield, Hants, Mrs. E. T. Sartoris, vocalist, daughter of Charles Kemble and niece of Mrs. Siddons. 7 . — Second reading of the Irish Volunteer Bill negatived in the House of Lords by 39 to 16 votes. 1315 A UGUST AUGUST 1879 7 . — Died, aged 79, George Long, a scholarly rival of Macaulay at Cambridge, an accom- plished translator of various Latin classics — Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius among others — and a diligent worker for the Useful Knowledge Society. 8 — Rev. Newman Hall, minister of Surrey Congregational Chapel, obtains a decree nisi for a divorce. 9 . — The German Emperor and the Emperor of Austria meet at Gastein. — Burns statue unveiled in the Public Park, Kilmarnock. 10. — Three ecclesiastical chiefs of the old Catholic party — Bishops Herzog, Reinkens, and Hyacinthe — officiate together in a service at Berne. — Died at Orbe, Canton of Vaud, aged 89, Louis Vulliemin, ranked among the most illus- trious men of letters produced by Switzerland. 11. — The Public Works Loan Bill discussed in Committee till 7.10 a.m. next morning. 12 . — Serajevo, Bosnia, after being devas- tated by a fire rendering 10,000 people house- less, makes a narrow escape from a combined attack of disorderly Turks and Christians. 13 . — The Queen visits Netley Hospital. — Died, aged 83, Hermann Fichte, philo- sopher, and son of the famous Johann Gottlieb Fichte. 14 . — Count Andrassy resigns office as Presi- dent of the Austrian Ministry, but continues in favour with the Emperor, who requests his retiring minister to nominate a successor. Baron Haymerle, Ambassador at Rome, was ultimately appointed. — Mr. Grissell, charged with a breach of the privileges of Parliament, in conjunction with Mr. Ward, solicitor, surrenders himself, and is committed to Newgate, but liberated next day when Parliament was prorogued. 15 . — Parliament prorogued by Commission, the Royal Speech making allusion to the ter- mination of war in Afghanistan and South Africa, and also to measures passed during the session. A promised Royal Commission for inquiring into the state of agriculture was gazetted next day. — Died at Trelowarren, near Helston, aged 79, Sir Richard Rawlinson Vyvyan, a prominent politician in the stormy days of the Reform Bill agitation, 1831-32, and occasion- ally also heard of in scientific circles as author of a work on “ Organised Matter,” as also of “The Animal Soul.” 16 . — Died, aged 56, Sir Thomas Moncriefife, Bart., of Moncriefife. 17 . — Died at Ciamaltha, Newport, Tippe- rary, aged 77, Lord Bloomfield, British Minister at the Courts of St. Petersburg, Berlin, and Vienna, 1844-71. 1316 17 . — Died in London, aged 77, M. Joseph Octave Delapierre, a Belgian statesman of the Disraelian school, an official of the English Philobiblian Society, and a diligent explorer in the byways of literature. 19 — Foundation-stone of the new Eddy- stone Lighthouse laid by the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Edinburgh. - — - Died, aged 82, Sir John Shaw-Lefevre, D.C. L., Clerk of the Parliaments, and working member of many Royal Commissions. — Lord Chelmsford, General Sir Evelyn Wood, and Colonel Buller, arrive at Plymouth from the Cape. 21. — Died at Brussels, aged 75, Edward Strathearn Gordon, Lord Drumearn, a life-Peer Lord of Appeal, and formerly Lord Advocate for Scotland. — Died at Zurich, aged about loo, Ludwig Vogel, Swiss historical painter. 22. — Lieutenant Carey, sent home from the Cape under sentence of a court-martial for misbehaviour in presence of the enemy when Prince Louis Napoleon lost his life, is now informed that such sentence had been quashed, that he was free from arrest, and at liberty to rejoin his regiment. 23 . — Tobacco statistics issued in connection with recent alterations of American duties show that the six producing states — Virginia, Mary- land, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri — supply over 300,000,000 lbs., or about three-fifths of the annual products of the United States, to the world, the weight, how- ever, being much under that of former years. In 1775 the entire quantity sent out of the country did not exceed 100,000,000 lbs. 24 . — Inhibition of the Court of Arches served upon the Rev. S. F. Green, Miles Platting, Manchester, who, however, officiated as usual at the services, and alluded to the prosecution in his evening sermon. 25 . — The Maltese Pistoria, or Moschera, hanged in Cork Jail for being concerned in the murder and mutiny on board the British ship Caswell on the high seas. (See January 4, 1876.) Pistoria was apprehended in Buenos Ayres by Carrick, the “able” seaman who navigated the Caswell to Queenstown after overpowering the mutineers with the help of Carrick and one or two others of the crew. 27 . — The Vicar of Arundel lodges notice of appeal against a decision of Lord Coleridge, by which the chancel of Arundel Church was handed over to the Duke of Norfolk as family property. — Died, aged 84, and buried with honour in Westminster Abbey, Sir Rowland Hill, K.C.B., organiser of the Penny Postal system (January 10, 1840), Secretary to the Post Office, and also Postmaster-General in succession to Lord Elgin, 1862, SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER 1879 28 . — KingCctewayo captured in the Ngome Forest by Major Marter, First Dragoon Guards, this intelligence being the first message c n- veyed by the newly-laid cable between Natal and Mozambique. 30 . — Died at Farnborough Hall, aged 75, Thomas Longman, head of the great publishing house in Paternoster Row, and pleasantly associated in business relations with Macaulay, Moore, Sydney Smith, and other distinguished writers. 31 . — Disorderly political meeting at Lime- rick, called in the first instance to hear Mr. Parnell denounce landlords with a view to abolish rents, but ending in a Fenian display favourable to extermination by shooting till the land was held by the people of the country. September 1 . — Meeting at Ulundi between Sir Garnet Wolseley and Zulu chiefs, when an arrangement was made for parcelling out the country under conditions of chiefship. 2 . — Lord Chelmsford receives from the Queen at Balmoral the Grand Cross of the Bath. 3 . — Revolt at Cabul, followed by an attack on the British Residency and the murder of Sir Louis Cavagnari, with other members of the Mission. The houses assigned to the Mission were in the Bala Hissar, or citadel of Cabul. They were comfortable quarters, but incapable of being defended. The defences of the citadel itself were ruinous. To-day cer- tain discontented soldiers came to the Ameer’s palace, clamouring loudly for pay. They then proceeded to the Residency, wfuther in pursuance of a plot, or in order to obtain from the Resident the satisfaction the Ameer denied there was no evidence to determine. Nor was it known whether they attacked the soldiers of the escort or were fired upon from within, or whether there was first a demand, then an altercation, then a blow, and then a regular attack with arms. Many stories were told. But it seemed at least probable that the Afghans had no weapons at first save stones. They soon procured guns, from their own homes or by force from the Ameer’s arsenal. The Resi- dency was in fact besieged. This being the month of Ramazan, Mussulman fanaticism was at its height. Cholera had played havoc in the town, and the minds of the soldiers were disposed to any desperate enterprise. Soon they were joined by the mob of the city, whom hatred of the stranger or the infidel or hope of plunder incited. The defenders were driven from point to point of their frail fortress. Charge after charge was made by the brave men of the Guides, led by the Englishmen. As the latter fell one by one, the survivors with unabated spirit headed the sallies. The native officers and line alone remained. At last the efforts of the besiegers to set fire to the buildings succeeded. The defenders rushing out, perished fighting to a man. Among mem- bers of the British Mission who fell along with Sir L. Cavagnari were Dr. Kelly, Lieutenant Hamilton, and Mr. Jenkyns. 3 . — First train passes over the Severn bridge, built to connect the Forest of Dean coalfield with Sharpness Docks at a cost of ^400,000. 4 . — An exhibition illustrative of the arts and industrial occupations of the Middle Ages opened at Liibeck in the recently restored Burgkloster. — Meeting of the Emperors of Russia and Germany at Alexandrowa, Poland. — Died, aged 90, Edward Blore, D.C.L., F.R. S., &c., a busy, prominent architect in his day, zealous in the cause of Gothic revival. 6. — News reaches London of the revolt of the Afghan troops and murder of the British Mis- sion. Troops were at once ordered to advance on Cabul. — Died at Paris, aged 90, Baron Taylor, fine arts critic and play writer. 8 — Austrian troops enter the ceded territory of Novi-Bazar. 10. — Statue of Thalberg (by Monteverde) uncovered at Naples, where the great composer died in April, 1871. 11 . — Died, Kirkman D. Hodgson, late Governor of the Bank of England and M. P. for Bristol. 12. — Explosion in Leycett Colliery, the pro- perty of the Crewe Coal and Iron Company, whereby five men were killed and three dangerously wounded. — Died at Copenhagen, Paul Heyne, Danish composer and poet. 14 . — Died, aged 85, Thomas L. Holt, journalist and friend of Leigh Hunt. — Died at Vichy, aged 60, Theodore Valerie, artist, a pupil of Chorlet. 16 . — Final award in the European Assurance Society issued, the arbitrators having been Lord Westbury, till his death, July, 1873 ; Lord Romilly, till his death, December, 1874 ; Lord Justice James, till July, 1875 5 anc ^ finally, under a new Act, F rancis S. Reilly. The value of the claims established was ^1,810,755 ; the calls and other assets produced ^1,035,876; while the expenses in Parliament, Chancery, and arbitration amounted to ^214,124. — Currie’s Distillery at Bromley-by-Bow destroyed by fire ; loss estimated at ^200,000. — Sydney International Exhibition opened. — Died at Wimbledon, aged 72, Dr. Charles Baring, late Bishop of Durham. 17 . — Died at Lausanne, aged 65, Viollet-le- Duc, an architect of high authority in Gothic art, and restorer of many historical edifices throughout France. 1317 SEPTEMBER 8 79 OCTOBER 18 . — The two sons of the Prince of Wales, Prince Albert Victor and Prince George, em- bark on board her Majesty’s steam corvette Bacchante for duty in the Mediterranean and West Indies. — At Aylesbury, Lord Beaconsfield vindi- cates the present land system of this country, while at Southport Lord Derby and Mr. Cross urge emigration and economy as more to be sought after than strikes by working men. — Died, Daniel Drew, United States capi- talist and speculator. 19 . — The directors of the West of England Bank at Bristol committed for trial on a charge of issuing false balance-sheets. — Miss Laura Addiscott convicted of neglect and ill-treatment of children at a girls’ home at Deptford, and sentenced to eighteen months’ hard labour. 21 . — Prince Bismarck arrives at Vienna, where he remains three days, engaged, so re- port went, in negotiating a treaty or “under- standing ” between Germany and Austria for a general disarmament. 22. — The garden laid out in St. Paul’s Churchyard at the expense of the Corporation of London formally opened by the Lord Mayor. - — Died, aged 73, Paul Falconer Poole, R.A., famous for weird and gloomy pictorial effects. 24 . — Two English Ladies, an Englishman, and a Dane drowned at Boulogne while bathing in rough weather. — First recorded use of carrier-pigeons for conveying intelligence of ships in distress, a pair arriving at Harwich this morning from the Lark lightship in time to be of service to a ship reported as in danger. 26 . — Died at Bath, aged 90, Field-Marshal Sir William Rowan, G.C.B., formerly Com- mander of the Forces in Canada. 27 . — The Prince of Wales arrives at Copenhagen. — Died, at Chantilly, Thomas Carter, a famous English trainer of French horses ; he had won the French Derby six times. 28 . — The Ameer Yakoob Khan arrives in the British camp at Khushi. 29 . — Died, Edmund Falconer, Irish drama- tist and actor. 30 . — Collision between the ironclads Achilles and Alexandra while exercising at Rhodes. — Sir Evelyn Wood and other officers recently returned from South Africa entertained at a banquet in Fishmongers’ Hall. — Died, aged 62, Henry Negretti, optician, and prominent otherwise among Italian resi- dents in London. 1318 October 1 .— The Bishop of Manchester (Dr. Fraser) delivers his opening address at the Social Science Congress meeting in that city this year, reference being made by the speaker to many interesting facts connected with the sanitary, social, and moral condition of the people within his diocese. — Five Directors of the City of Glasgow Bank, who had completed their term of eight months’ imprisonment, liberated from Ayr Gaol. — The new Supreme Court of Judicature for the German Empire meets for the first time, sixty-eight being the number of judicial mem- bers, made up of President, Vice-President, and Councillors. 4 . — Died at Moscow, Sergius Solovieff, Professor of History, and author of a history of Russia in thirty volumes. 5 . — Bishop Russell, first Missionary Bishop of North China, died at Ningpo after thirty- one years’ missionary work in that country. — Died at Pennoyre, Brecknock, aged 75, Sir Anthony Cleasby, late Baron of Exche- quer. 6 . — Battle of Charasiab, near Cabul. A reconnoitering party of cavalry sent out this morning found Afghan troops massed in force along all the heights commanding the gorge of the Logare River. A large force of Ghilzais had also assembled in the rear to attack Gen- eral Macpherson, who was escorting a convoy from Zahidabad. General Roberts decided to attack at once. While General Baker advanced on the hills to the north-east, Major White was sent to the right of the gorge. His High- landers, against tremendous odds, stormed the hill. Meanwhile, General Baker, making a turning movement to the left, drove the enemy from the heights over the Chardeh villages. Then he advanced taking height after height and finally captured the main point of the enemy’s position. Major White was thus able to push along the sides of the gorge, capturing many guns, arms, and much ammunition. He was soon joined by General Baker. The rout of the enemy was complete. Their fire had been heavy and their advantage in numbers great ; but they made no very tenacious re- sistance to the bold assault of the Highlanders and Goorkhas. General Macpherson reached the camp in safety. The hosts of Ghilzais and other hillmen who had hung round our rear and flanks for the time dispersed. But, as General Roberts graphically said, “ the whole country was seething.” — Brigadier-General Pearson, a native of Somersetshire, presented with a sword of hon- our in the Town Hall, Yeovil. — A fire in Holywell Street destroys a con- siderable part of such vestiges of old London as remained in that quarter. OCTOBER 1879 OCTOBER 6 . — Mr. St. Barbe, British Resident, and other British subjects, leave Mandalay in anticipation of a Burmese “ rising” against the new successor to the throne, Prince Theebaw. 7 . — The retirement of Count Andrassy officially announced, and also the appointment of Baron Haymerle as Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs and President of the Ministry. 8 . — Sir Stafford Northcote entertained at a banquet given in the Mansion House, Dublin, by the Lord Mayor. A freer and fuller con- nection between Ireland and England was spoken of, and hopeful views expressed as to the future. — The Peruvian ironclad Huascar captured by the Chilian fleet off Mejillones after several hours’ fighting. The Peruvian Admiral Grau and most of his crew killed. 9 . — Clarkson memorial unveiled near Ware, Dean Merivale, who forty-five years ago stood on the spot with the abolitionist, telling the story of anti-slavery resolution in a simple, unaffected manner. 11. — Waterloo Bridge lighted up with the electric light. — Speaking at Navan, Mr. Parnell advises Irish farmers to offer their landlords what they considered a fair rent, and if the latter de- clined to accept it, to pay none till they came to their senses. 12. — General Roberts makes a public entry into Cabul. He issued a proclamation stating that the city would be spared, but that a heavy fine will be imposed. — M. Humbert, an amnestied Communist, elected to the Paris Municipal Council for Javal. 14 . — Lord Hartington announced as the guest of Earl Derby at Knowsley during his Lancashire visit. — Liberal Conference at Glasgow addressed by Mr. Chamberlain and others. — General Gough occupies Jellalabad. — Brigadier-General Sir Evelyn Wood, V.C., a native of Essex, presented with a sword of honour at Chelmsford. — Mr. Damant, British political agent, killed in a rising of the Nagas, Assam, with most part of his escort ; and an attempt made to extirpate the little garrison at Kohima. 16 . — Mr. Labouchere and Mr. Wyman, the proprietor and printer of Truth , charged at the Guildhall with libelling Mr. E. Lawson of the Daily Telegi'aph. — Hotel de Ville at Stockholm destroyed by fire. 17 . — Lord Salisbury, at a Conservative dinner at Manchester, defends the foreign policy of the Government, and speaks of the Austro-German alliance as “glad tidings of great joy.” 17 . — Died at Orange, Dr. Whittingham, Bishop of Maryland, one of the foremost theo- logians of the Old Catholic party in the United States. — Formal opening of the Severn Bridge at Passage. — Died at the early age of 33, Alfred Henry Garrod, Fullerian Professor of Physiology. — Died, aged 90, John Miers, F.R.S., a recognized authority on the botany and ento- mology of Brazil. 18 . — Conservative demonstration in the Pomona Gardens, Manchester, Lord Salisbury speaking cautiously of the Conservative policy in India as defensive, not aggressive. — The States General of Holland (Second Chamber) vote for abolition of flogging in Dutch navy. 19 . — Colonel Money attacks and disperses 10,000 Ghilzais, by whom he had been sur- rounded for three days at the Shutargardan. 20. — Prince Leopold opens the Firth College at Sheffield, erected at a cost of £20,000, and endowed with .£5,000 by Mr. Mark Firth. — Reading Room and other parts of the British Museum lighted up with electric light. 22. — Proposal made for abolishing slavery in Cuba, subject to five years’ labour at a fixed sum per month. — Died, aged 52, C. H. Jeens, steel en- graver. 23 . — The Roumanian Senate approves the compromise project on the Jewish question. 25 . — Rival political demonstrations, the Conservative party at Birmingham being addressed by Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, and liberals in Pomona Gardens, Manchester, by Lord Hartington and Mr. Bright. Recent Conservative policy, Mr. Bright argued, might lend a seeming glory to the Crown, and may give scope for patronage and promotion, and pay a pension to a limited and a favoured class ; “ but to you, the people, it brings expen- diture of blood and of treasure, increased debts and taxes, and adds risks of war in every part of the globe. Now look at our position for one moment : you have to meet the competi- tion of other countries. Your own race on the American Continent are your foremost rivals. Nobody hardly denies that statement. I believe they are 50,000,000 now. Happily for them, they have not yet bred a Beaconsfield or a Salisbury to misdirect their policy and waste their resources. Now, if at some distant period — it may be centuries remote — an Englishman, one of that great English nation which is now so rapidly peopling the great American Continent, if such an Englishman 1319 OCTOBER 1879 NOVEMBER should visit and explore the source of his race, and the decayed and ruined home of his fathers, he may exclaim, * How are the mighty fallen ! ’ and, ‘ Whence comes this great ruin ? ’ and the answer will be, ‘ In the coun- cils of the England of the past.’ I pray that it may not be said in the days of a virtuous Queen that wisdom and justice were scorned, and ignorance, passion, and vainglory directed her policy and wielded her power.” 25. — General Kaufmann leaves St. Peters- burg for Tashkend. 27. — The Cyfarthfa Ironworks at Merthyr- Tydvil, belonging to Messrs. Crawshay, re- opened after being closed for five years. — Adolphus Rosenberg, proprietor of Town Talk , sentenced at the Old Bailey to eighteen months’ imprisonment for publishing libels on Mrs. Langtry and Mrs. Cornwallis West. — Died, Robert Henry Allan, of Blackwell Hall, Darlington, one of the oldest members of the Society of Antiquaries, author of various antiquarian works, and entitled, it was said by heraldic authorities, to display a coat of arms with sixteen quarterings. 28. — General Roberts issues a proclamation announcing the abdication of Yakoob Khan, and stating that the British Government had undertaken the temporary administration of the country. 29. — The Tranmere “baby-farming case” brought to a close, and the two prisoners, John and Catherine Barnes, charged with the murder of three poor children entrusted to their care, were found guilty of manslaughter, and sentenced to penal servitude for life. Between twenty and thirty children had, it was shown, died under their charge ; but the difficulty in obtaining evidence, owing to the reluctance of the mothers to appear, obliged the prosecution to limit the charges to three. — Alexander Moller, a Russian Councillor of State, died, aged 83. Moller himself, his brother and sister, were all born deaf and dumb. He was educated at the Deaf and Dumb Institution in St. Petersburg, rapidly learnt to read, an 1 showed such ability that he was admitted into the Imperial Chancery, and afterwards into the Council of State. — Opening of new Royal Infirmary, Edin- burgh. — Died at his country residence, Strathty- rum, St. Andrew’s, aged 61, John Blackwood, conductor of Blackwood' s Magazine for thirty- three years, and head of the important Edin- burgh publishing house founded by his father, William. 30. — Consecration of St. Mary’s Cathedral, Edinburgh, the largest Protestant church, with the exception of St. Paul’s Cathedral, erected within the past 300 years. 1320 30. — Died, aged 80, M. Louis Reyband, a literary member of the Institute, political economist and opponent of Socialism. 31. — Died at Lower Sydenham, aged 72, John B. Buckstone, a comedian who had earned the praise of Edmund Kean, and for half a century stood in high favour with London and provincial audiences. November 1. — Subject to certain indi- vidual dissents, the Royal Commission on Church Patronage recommend that the present varied system of patronage, public and private, and of freedom of sale of advowsons or per- petual right of presentation be maintained ; but that their sale by public auction should be abolished, that the sale of next presentations should be abolished, and that provision should be made to prevent the evasion of the law by any purchase of the advowson pour autre vie or for other limited estate, or by other con- veyancing device ; thar as a safeguard against collusive sales, it should not be lawful for the purchasers of an advowson to re-sell it until after the expiration of five years from the date of purchase; that the term “ simony ” should be more clearly explained, and that a statutory declaration should be made by each clerk before institution that no illegal act had been com- mitted ; that greater liberty should be allowed to bishops to refuse institution in cases where good reason exists, and that a fund raised by a fee on the sale of each living should be formed to defray the expenses of bishops refus- ing to institute persons whom they considered unfit. — Banquet given to Sir Evelyn Wood by the Bar of England in the Middle Temple Hall. — Died, aged 72, Charles Louis Gruneisen, journalist and musical critic. 3. — The new building of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, erected in Northumberland Avenue, opened by the Archbishop of Canterbury. 4 . — Mr. Lowe, speaking at Grantham, attacks the foreign and financial policy of the Government. — Died at New York, aged 76, Rev. Jacob Abbott, Professor of Mathematics and a prolific writer of books for the young. 5. — Died at Cambridge, aged 48, James Clerk Maxwell, F.R.S., first occupant of the Chair of Experimental Physics, founded by the Duke of Devonshire, Chancellor of the University, 1871. Professor Clerk Maxwell, descended from the Scottish Middlebie and Pennicuik families, was educated at Edinburgh and at Trinity, Cambridge, where he came ou f as Second Wrangler and Smith’s Prizeman, 1854. He became Professor of Natural Philosophy in Aberdeen, and at King’s College, London. Mr. Clerk Maxwell’s treatise on NOVEMBER 1879 NOVEMBER “ Electricity and Magnetism ” was justly looked upon as the Principia of the nineteenth cen- tury. The author was esteemed and beloved by students — by all, indeed, with whom he had intercourse. (See Memoir by Professors Campbell and Garnett.) 6 . — Musurus Pasha having promised Lord Salisbury that the reforms in Asia Minor in- sisted upon by England shall be duly carried out, the despatch of Admiral Hornby’s squad- ron to Vourla is countermanded. 7 . — The Guion steamer Arizona comes into collision with an iceberg off the great New- foundland Bank, but is enabled by the strength of her watertight bulkhead compartment to reach St. John’s in safety. 9 . — Marden House, Surrey, where Evelyn wrote his “Diary,” and Louis Napoleon and Macaulay had lived, burned to the ground. 10. — Lord Beaconsfield, speaking at a ban- quet given by the new Lord Mayor (Truscott), praises Lord Lytton in connection with Indian affairs, and expresses hopeful feelings regarding a revival of trade, as evidenced by a passing activity in “ chemicals.” — At a meeting of the Irish Electoral League in Manchester, Mr. Parnell described the condition of things in Ireland as a great “strike” against the payment of unjust rents. Fair rents, he thought, should be paid for thirty years, after which the land should become the property of the occupant. 14 . — Liberal demonstration at Leeds, the foreign policy of the Government being severely censured by the Duke of Argyll and Mr. Forster. — Died at Headingley, Leeds while resid- ing with Professor Ransome, Prince Alamaga, son of King Theodore of Abyssinia, brought to this country to be educated after the storm- ing of Magdala. 15 . — Lord Penzance makes an order for the suspension of Mr. Mackonochie during three years for disobedience to a monition issued in December, 1874, discharging him from using eucharistic vestments, singing the Agnus Dei , making the sign of the cross as a gesture to- wards the congregation, or kissing of the Gospel book as a ceremony. 16 . — St. Leonard’s Church, Edinburgh, destroyed by fire. 18 . — Edinburgh Tovrn Council grant an annuity of £20 to Mrs. Kemp, widow of architect of Scott monument. 19 . — Michael Davitt, a returned Fenian convict, James Daly, of the Connaught Tele- graph , and J. B. Killen, barrister and anti-rent lecturer, arrested on a charge of delivering seditious speeches at Gurteen, Sligo, on the 2nd inst. 20. — Moirosi’s stronghold, an isolated mountain deemed impregnable, stormed by the Cape Colonial Force under Colonel Bayley, and the chief himself killed with seventy fol- lowers. 20. — The ex-Empress of the French sum- moned to Madrid by the critical state of her mother. The Comtesse de Montejo spends this evening in Paris by permission of M. Grevy, obtained through the intervention of Lord Lyons. The Comtesse (Marie Manuela Kirk- patrick) died on the 22nd, aged 85. 22. — Died, at Kingswood, near Tunbridge, John Remington Mills, formerly M.P. for Wycombe, a wealthy and influential Noncon- formist. — Died, at his residence near Ascot, aged 62, John Thaddeus Delaine, editor of the Times from 1841 till the summer of 1877, when he sought what turned out to be but a brief respite from the daily and nightly toil incident to a responsible position which he filled with unrivalled skill and undisputed supremacy. Mr. Delaine was of Berkshire descent, but born in London. — Died, aged 65, Mrs. Charles Dickens, widow of the novelist, and daughter of George Hogarth, journalist and musical critic. 23 . — Died in Edinburgh, aged 82, Mark Napier, advocate, Sheriff of Dumfriesshire and Galloway, author of various Memorials and Biographies of the great Marquis of Montrose and John Graham, Viscount Dundee, or “ Claverhouse,” as he was familiarly called. 24 . — Mr. Gladstone starts on his northern election tour, making short speeches on the journey at Carlisle, Hawick and Galashiels. Received by an immense gathering at Edin- burgh, he was conveyed by torch-light so far on his drive to Dalmeny, where the right hon- ourable gentleman was to be the guest for a time of Lord Rosebery. — Died suddenly at Mill Hill, aged 7 °» Mr. Serjeant Cox, Deputy- Assistant Judge, Middle- sex Sessions, formerly editor of the I.aw Times, and proprietor, it was understood, of the Field and Queen newspapers. 26 . — Died, Miss Mary Stanley, daughter of the Bishop of Norwich, and sister of Dean Stanley ; a devoted philanthropist, who led out a band of nurses to aid our sick and wounded soldiers in the Crimea. 25 . — Mr. Gladstone commences his Midlo- thian “campaign” by addressing his supporters in the Music Hall, Edinburgh, the principal topic handled being the foreign policy of Ministers. Next day his speech at Dalkeith related principally to such Scottish affairs as the abolition of hypothec and entail, increase of representatives in Parliament, disestablish- ment, and cultivation of land. Regarding the disestablishment of the Church, he said this I was a question for the determination of the i people of Scotland, and it was no part of his 1321 NOVEMBER 1879 DECEMBER duty to press it either forward or backward. On the Temperance Question he declared himself in favour of local option, and, speaking of Home Rule, said he would be glad to see some of the overwhelming business of Parlia- ment transferred to local bodies, provided it was done without weakening or compromising the authority of the national legislature. On the 27th, at West Calder, he dwelt upon agricultural prospects, specially with reference to American competition, the sub-division of land, advis- ability of increased cultivation of garden pro- duce, reciprocity, and abstract principles of foreign policy. On the 30th two speeches were made by Mr. Gladstone in Edinburgh — first, in Corn Exchange, where he indicted the Home and Indian financial policy of the present Government; second, in Waverley Market, censuring their foreign policy. 27 . — The French Chambers meet in Paris for the first time since the fall of the Empire, M. Gambetta, as President, making a few appropriate remarks on their return to the capital. — It is resolved at Oxford that the various Halls should be absorbed in Colleges, and therefore so far abolished as independent academical bodies. — Died in Hill Street, Berkeley Square, aged 51, George Frederick D’Arcy, Earl of Durham, last surviving son of the first earl, prominent in his day as a Parliamentary reformer. 28 . — Died at Lodeve, aged 63, M. Michael Chevalier, a leading French political econo- mist, associated with Cobden in settling the Anglo-French Commercial Treaty of i860. 29 . — Marriage of King Alfonso of Spain with the Archduchess Marie Christina of Aus- tria celebrated with pomp, but on the whole quietly, at Madrid. — The Master of the Rolls decides that Mr. Labouchere had been wrongfully expelled from the Beefsteak Club, in so far, among other reasons, as he had not been made acquainted with the charges raised against him ; that there had been no real inquiry ; that due notice had not been given ; and that the votes did not represent two-thirds of the members present. — Secocoeni’s stronghold at Water Koppie successfully stormed by Sir Garnet Wolseley, the chief himself being captured and sent to Cape Town. Umkana’s fortress was also captured at this time. — Died, aged 72, Elizabeth Juliana Lady Sabine, closely associated with the scientific labours of her husband, General Sir E. Sabine, and translator of Humboldt’s “ Cosmos.” OO. — Yakoob Khan removed from Calcutta to Peshawur. 1322 30 . — Died in London, aged 78, the Right Hon. John Arthur Roebuck, M.P. for Sheffield since 1849, an independent politician, known as “Tear ’em,” who had passed through various phases of Radicalism till new-found friends could count upon his support as a moderate Conservative. December 1 . — Attempt made on the life of the Czar at Moscow, by exploding a mine con- structed under the railway. His Majesty was re- turning from Livadia to St. Petersburg, and had arranged to stay at Moscow on his way through. By accident or design the train conveying his luggage was following instead of preceding the Imperial train. Within the outskirts of the city a terrific explosion occurred as the second train was passing over a portion of the line, which was subsequently discovered to have been mined. Although the greater part of this train was thrown off the line no lives were lost. It appeared that the mine, which was a care- fully-built tunnel under the railway, had been fired by electricity from a house adjoining, and which, on the arrival of the police, was empty. When the Czar resumed his journey to St. Petersburg on the 9th, military posts, consisting of several men grouped round a watchfire, were stationed at intervals of fifty paces along the road, nearly 450 miles in length. On his arrival at St. Petersburg the Emperor’s sledge was surrounded by a crowd of officers, con- cealing him from the public gaze. It was remarked that, notwithstanding the peril from which he had recently escaped, his return to the capital was marked by little or no enthu- siasm on the part of the people. — Died, aged 88, Colonel W. Burney, K.H., a Waterloo veteran. 2. — Severe frost experienced over the greater part of Europe, even the sheltered recesses of the Riviera not escaping. 3 . — The steamer Borussia founders at sea on her voyage to America, the loss being variously reported at from 100 to 170 lives. — Died, Hon. Octavius Duncombe, chair- man of the Great Northern, and Mr. Edward Shipley Ellis, of the Midland Railway, both original directors of the small lines out of which these great undertakings subsequentl) grew. 5 . — Mr. Gladstone delivers his inaugural address as Lord Rector of Glasgow University, and makes a political speech in the evening. The highest of all studies, in a secular sense, he told the students, was man, in all his various phases ; and history, as the record of man’s actions, was the philosophy of human nature. In conclusion, he urged them not too narrowly to confine themselves to one subject of study, which had the effect of making a man dogmati- cally perverse, and to abhor the prevalent spirit of self-sufficient presumption, for “ignorance often may be innocent ; pretension is always DECEMBER DECEMBER 1879 despicable.” Mr. Gladstone returned to Ilawar- den on the 8th, receiving addresses as he passed along at Carlisle, Preston, Wigan, Warrington, and Chester. 6 . — The obelisk at Alexandria known as Cleopatra’s “Second” Needle taken down, preparatory to being shipped to the United States, to which country it had been presented. — Died in Cavendish Square, aged 79, William John Cavendish Scott Bentinck, fifth Duke of Portland, an excellent but eccentric landlord, who personally superintended the improvements and ingenious contrivances in- troduced over a vast estate, to which his younger brother, Lord George Bentinck, was for years accepted as heir. — Died, aged nearly 80, Sir William Boxall, ex-R.A. and D.C.L., director of the National Gallery when the famous Peel collection was purchased. 7 . — The City Road Wesleyan Chapel destroyed by fire. — Died at Copenhagen, aged 68, Ion Sigurdsson, founder of the Icelandic Con- stitution. 8. — Thomas Brennan committed for trial at Castlebar on a charge of using seditious lan- guage at a land agitation meeting held at Balia on the 23rd November. 9 . — At Windsor yesterday and to-day the Queen confers various decorations on officers and soldiers engaged in the recent Afghan and Zulu wars. 11 . — Serious inundations reported from Hungary, and much property destroyed by the overflowing of the river Koros. 12 . — Lord Lytton fired at when entering Calcutta by a tipsy Eurasian, who had recently been released from confinement as a dangerous lunatic. 13 . — Died, aged 79, William Calcraft, many years public executioner, but specially retained for his somewhat peculiar duty by the City of London. 14 . — Attack made by Afghan tribes upon General Roberts at Cabul. The Bala Hissar and northern parts of the city had to be abandoned, and the troops withdrawn to the Sherpur cantonment. 15 . — Differences reported as having arisen between the Czar and Czarwitch on the sub- ject of Constitutional reform, and in connection with which Count Wahjeft had a few days since been dismissed in disgrace. — Enthusiastic reception of General Grant at Philadelphia on the completion, of his tour round the world. 17 . — The annual report of Glasgow City Bank directors shows the amount of assets realised as £4,856,666, and the amount re- 1323 ceived from calls on contributors, £4,452,366. The total indebtedness of the bank on its stopping payment was £"12,855,560. Besides paying the preferential claims in full, amounting to .£1,659,947, the liquidators have distributed the following dividend to the creditors : — Febiuary 28, 6r. Sd. per pound; June 20, 3-f. 4 d. per pound ; and October 22, 35. 4 d. per pound, absorbing £ 7,396,140, and leaving still unpaid, £"3,840,637, against which stock not yet realised is in part held. The first call of £"500 per share, representing (nominally) £4,232,320, produced £2, 101,286. The nomi- nal amount represented by the second call was ^£*7,813,957, producing £"2,351,079. The num- ber of contributories in their own right who have paid in full, or may be expected to do so, was 130. The expense of the liquidation, including the legal expenses of 315 lawsuits, has been £"100,983. — Sewern Bastendorff, who had been con- victed on the 5th of December of perjury in connection with the “Euston Square Mystery,” sentenced to twelve months’ hard labour ; and E. Froggart sentenced to seven years’ penal servitude for fraudulently appropriating £"8,000 committed to him as trustee under a marriage settlement. 18 . — The Duchess of Marlborough an- nounces her intention of establishing a fund to relieve severe distress in the west of Ireland. 20. — Conservative demonstration at Leeds, where Sir Stafford Northcote defends the Government against Mr. Gladstone’s charges of financial incapacity. — The Commonwealth steamer wrecked off the island of Andros. 21. — Mr. Parnell embarks at Queenstown for New York. — Died suddenly in All Saints’ Church, Ryde, while celebrating Holy Communion, John Sutton Utterton, D. D., Suffragan Bishop of Guildford. Bishop Utterton was born in 1814, and educated at Oriel, Oxford, where he graduated First Class in Lit. Hum., 1836. 22.— Sheffield election, to which public attention was keenly directed during the pre- sent recess, results in the return of Mr. Waddy (L.) as successor to Mr. Roebuck by a majority of 478 votes over Mr. Stuart Wortley (C.). Mr. Waddy had resigned his seat for Barnstaple to contest Sheffield. — Afghan attack on General Roberts at Sherpur repulsed with great slaughter, Cabul being re-occupied next day by British troops. 24 . — Explosion at Stowcroft’s colliery, Kearsley, near Bolton, causing the death of five men. 25 . — Dense fog in London, lasting over the whole day. Z * DECEMBER 1879-80 JANUARY 27 . — Died in St. James’s Terrace, Regent’s Park, aged 68, W. Hepworth Dixon, barrister, editor of the Athenceum , 1853-69, author of Lives of Penn and Blake, “New America,” “ Spiritual Wives,” See., and chairman of the Palestine Exploration Fund. 23 . — Destruction of Tay Bridge and fright- ful loss of life. As the train this (Sunday) evening from Edinburgh to Dundee was cross- ing the bridge, two miles in length, which spans the mouth of the Tay, a terrific hurri- cane struck the bridge, four hundred yards of which were dashed into the sea below with the carriages. About seventy persons were in the train, of whom not one escaped, nor, when the divers were able to descend, could a single body be found in the carriages or among the bridge girders, and some days elapsed before any were recovered. No con- clusive evidence could be produced to show whether the train was blown off the rails and so dragged the girders down, or if the bridge was blown away and the train ran into the chasm thus made. The night was intensely dark, and the wind more violent than had ever been known in the century. On arrival at St. George, the last station before reaching the Tay Bridge, the train was found to be five minutes late. Here the tickets were collected, and, at thirteen minutes past seven o’clock, according to the usual custom, the signalman, Thomas Barclay, stationed at the south end of the bridge, handed to the stoker the baton, without which no train was allowed to cross. At this time the gale was blowing with such violence that it was with great difficulty Barclay regained his cabin. Along with him in the cabin was a surface-man named Watt, who expressed great doubt as to the security of the bridge. Together, accordingly, the men watched the train as it passed along at the usual rate of three miles an hour. The moon was shining brightly, although the wind was blowing a hurricane, the white-crested waves in the Forth and the damage caused on shore testifying to its extreme violence. The lookers- on continued to watch the progress of the train, all the lights being distinctly visible until the locomotive entered between the high girders in the centre of the bridge. This part was so constructed that trains ran on a level with the top of the girders until the central spans were reached, where, in order that the navigation of the river might be facilitated, the rails were placed on a level with the bottom of the girders, thus giving a number of feet additional height to allow of vessels passing under on the way to Perth. It was after the train had passed from the upper to the lower line of metals, Between the high girders in the centre of the river, that a fearful blast, with a roar resembling a continuous roll of thunder, swept down the river. Some of the spectators stated that at that moment an intensely brilliant sheet of flame and a shower of sparks were seen at the high girders, caused by the fractured iron I3 2 4 as the airy structure broke and fell into the seething waters of the Tay. 29 . — Telegraph communication established between London and the Cape, the new con- nection between Aden and Zanzibar cutting a fortnight off the time hitherto occupied in transmitting messages. 31 . — Fatal injuries received from fire at Stockholm, by the Countess Fersen Gylder- stolpe, last survivor of the Fersen family, and whose grandfather, disguised as a coachman, drove Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette on their memorable but fatal journey to Varennes. 1880. January 1 . — The Summary Jurisdiction Act comes into operation. 2 . — Serious collision between the (Constabu- lary and the people in Connemara. — Died at Hounslow, Major Anthony Cun- ningham, one of the few survivors of Sale’s “illustrious garrison” of Jellalabad. 3 . — Board of Trade inquiry into the Tay Bridge disaster commenced at Dundee before Messrs. Rothery, Barlow, and Colonel Yolland. ( See 3rd July. ) — Three people killed by an explosion of gas in Baxtergate, Doncaster. A-. — Died, aged 69, Edward William Cooke, R. A. — The Court of Cardinals at Rome decide that the marriage between the Prince of Monaco and Lady Mary Victoria, daughter of the late Duke of Hamilton, was invalid. 5. — The execution at the Old Bailey of a man named Shurety, who had been convicted of the murder of the child of a woman with whom he lived, was marked by a singular incident. A few minutes before the time appointed for the execution, a letter was handed to Mr. Sydney Smith, the governor of New- gate, bearing in the corner of the envelope the name of Mr. A. F. Liddell, of the Home Office. The letter was in the following words : “49, Rutland Gate. — Sir, —From information just brought forward and laid before me, in the name of Her most Gracious Majesty the Queen, I countermand the order for the execu- tion of Charles Shurety this day. Will com- municate further. — I am, Sir, your obedient servant, A. F. Liddell {pro R. Assheton Cross, in absentia).” The signature was so like that of Mr. Liddell, that for a moment Mr. Smith thought it was genuine. A closer examination of the letter, the envelope, and the seal, convinced him that it was a forgery, and as the sheriffs were of the same opinion, the business of the day was proceeded with, and Charles Shurety was hanged in due course of law. On the nth of March, Mr. Caleb C. Whitefoord, a surgeon, who had interested JANUARY 880 JANUARY himself in the case, was charged at Bow Street, before Sir James Ingham, on a Treasury war- rant, with attempting to obstruct the course of justice, by forging the document in question, On March 24th Whitefoord was tried at the Central Criminal Court, before Mr. Justice Denman, and sentenced to two months’ im- prisonment and to pay a fine of ^50. - — Died Henry White, author, compiler of the Royal Society’s “ Catalogue of Scientific Papers.” 6. — The differences between England and Turkey relative to the Roller affair end in Sir Jlenry Layard receiving formal and satisfactory explanations from the Minister of Police. The subject in dispute was the sentence passed upon one Ahmed, a khodja , or schoolmaster, who had acted as an assistant to Dr. Roller, a missionary in the employment of the Church Missionary Society. The doctor himself was arrested, but speedily liberated, his papers, however, being detained. Amongst these was found a translation of the Prayer Book into the Turkish language. This was held by the authorities to be a capital offence against the sacred law, and (although the Porte did not venture on taking severe measures against Dr. Roller, the translator,) Ahmed, the reviser of the work, was condemned to death. The interposition of Sir Henry Layard prevented the execution of the sentence ; Ahmed’s person and Dr. Roller’s papers were at first kept in custody by the police, but Sir Henry Layard procured the restoration of the papers, the liberation of Ahmed, and the dismissal of the Police Minister, by threatening the suspension of official relations with the Porte. 7 . — Died at Fareham, in his 90th year, Colonel Le Blanc, another of the few remaining Peninsular and Waterloo officers, having entered the army in 1807. 8 . — Colonel Gordon’s resignation of the Governorship of the Soudan accepted by the Rhedive. IO. — Died, aged 64, at his residence in Holland Park, Mr. Serjeant Parry, the well- known barrister. The learned serjeant died only a few hours after Mrs. Parry, and of the same disease, which was understood to have been brought on or intensified by the deficient sanitary arrangements of his house. — Died at Norwood, aged 91, General Sir John Low, R.C.B., G.C.S.I., whose distin- guished services extended from the early wars of the century to the suppression of the Indian Mutiny. — James O’Neil, a blind mendicant, killed by being thrown over the window of his house in Moodie’s Court, Glasgow, by his wife and Miller, a lodger. 12 . — News was received from Cabul that Mahomed Jan had seized on Ghuzni, killed Z 2 Latif Rhan, the governor, and looted the city. A party of Mohmunds crossed the Cabul River to-day, and attacked the British post at Aliboghan. The British force drove back the enemy, and subsequently dispersed ano- ther gathering of Mohmunds, who suffered severely. • — Died, aged 75, Countess Ida Hahn Hahn, authoress and traveller. — The Prince of Wales visits Lord Beacons- field at Hughenden. — Colonel Shadwell appointed Grand Secretary of Freemasons in England. — Died at New York, Henry Carter, wood engraver, better known as “Frank Leslie” and founder of the illustrated American journal bearing his nom de crayon ; a native of Ipswich, Suffolk. 1 - 4 . — Railway accident at Brickfield siding, near the Burscough station of the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway system, three persons being killed on the spot, and thirty more or less severely injured. Four other deaths oc- curred shortly afterwards. The accident was caused by two trains meeting on the same line, owing, if was alleged, to some blunder on the part of a signalman. At the conclusion of the coroner’s inquest, which terminated on January 26th, the jury returned a verdict of culpable negligence against the pointsman, a man named Melia. Melia was sent for trial in due course on the charge of manslaughter before Lord Coleridge, at Liverpool, but acquitted on the advice of the judge. 15 . — Died at Leamington, aged 83, Frede- rick Manning (brother of Cardinal Manning), formerly M. P. for Leamington, Governor of the Bank of England, and a munificent sup- porter of Protestant churches and charities. 16 . — Died, aged 60, the Due de Gramont, Foreign Minister of France at the outbreak of the war of 1870. — Died Helen Jane Gladstone, youngest sister of the ex-Prime Minister. 19 . — Died, aged 71, M. Jules Favre, advo- cate and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs under the Government of National Defence. — Mr. James Russell Lowell nominated by President Hayes as United States Minister to Great Britain. 20. — Died, aged 84, Thomas Landseer, A.R. A., engraver. 21. — Explosion at the Fair Lady pit of the CreWe Coal and Iron Company, Leycett, about eight miles from Hanley. As soon as possible a party descended the shaft, but, in conse- quence of the falling debris, and the damage done to the shaft itself, were some considerable time before reaching the bottom of the pit. Even then the pit was found to be burning in several places, and the work of exploration was • 1325 JANUARY 1880 JANUARY one of extreme difficulty. When that part of the pit in which the men had been at work could be reached, twelve only were found alive out of seventy-seven who were believed to have descended the pit in the morning. The Banbury seven-foot seam, in which the explo- sion occurred, is notoriously one of the most fiery in the North Staffordshire coalfield, and an explosion occurred at this very pit so lately as the 1 2th September last, when eight men were killed. Among those killed by the pre- sent disaster were Mr. Greener, who became manager of the colliery after the last accident, and his son. The day after the accident the total number of deaths was put at seventy- three, many of the men having died after their rescue from the pit. The verdict of the coroner’s jury attached no blame to any one, but recommended that, in future, blasting should be abolished in fiery seams. 23 . — The report of the Central Relief Com- mittee presented at a meeting of the subscribers to the City of Glasgow Bank Shareholders’ Relief Fund. The total amount of subscrip- tions intimated up to the 31st December, according to the report, was £389.428, of which sum .£370,397 has been subscribed within Scotland, and £19,031, or less than five per cent. , in England, Ireland, and abroad. The total number of contributories to the bank was 1,602, of these 71 1 had up to this date applied for relief which had been dis- pensed as follows : £9,059 by way of grants ; donations, £93,249 ; loans at three per cent., £90,750 ; making a total of £193,058. — The steamship Bengore y of Liverpool, from Cardiff to Gibraltar, with a cargo of coal, and a crew of nineteen all told, founders in the Bay of Biscay during a heavy gale. Six only of the hands had time to save them- selves In a small boat, Captain Williams and twelve others being drowned. The survivors were picked up after having been in the greatest peril for several hours, and were ultimately landed at Dover. 24 . — Mr. Bright, addressing his consti- tuents at Birmingham, said that the system of landholding in Ireland was the key to the misery and discontent of the people of that countiy. The whole of the land was held by about 10,000 or 12,000 persons, and the tenants numbered about 600,000. The competition for farms, the fact that the farmers were tenants at will, the constant fear of eviction, and the absenteeism of proprietors, had resulted in a state of suspicion and listlessness on the part of the tenants which prevented improvement and led to discontent. After discussing the reme- dies that had been proposed, he suggested a system by which farmers who were willing to buy their farms might do so on payment of a portion of the price at the time of sale, the Government advancing the remainder, which the farmer could repay in instalmentsextending over a term of thirty-five years. In regard to 1326 the land held by the London Corporation, he would compel its sale on these conditions. Such a measure he held would meet the wants and satisfy the desires of the Irish people. 26 . — The lake of Zurich, for the first time in this century, and the twenty-fourth time since 1233, completely frozen over. Yesterday (Sunday) a kind of fair was held, and half the population of the city were on the ice. Frost was generally severe throughout Switzerland, and several of the smaller lakes were also frozen, unusual cold prevailing over the greater part of Europe. — The Mayor of Dublin publishes a strong appeal on the subject of the distress in Ireland. He says that the public in this country have not realised the gravity of the crisis, and it is the literal truth that except prompt and gene- rous assistance be given tens of thousands of people must shortly die of starvation. He calls attention to the fact that more money has been contributed to the fund for the dis- tress by the towns of Sydney and Melbourne than has been got from the whole United Kingdom. — The Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland declines to attend the Lord Mayor’s banquet in Dublin in consequence of certain resolutions passed at a meeting on the 21st, concerning “legitimate support ” for the struggling peasantry. 27 . — Died, aged 71, Sir William Erie, for- merly Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. — The Duke of Marlborough holds his first state levee as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, which was attended by the Lord Mayor and Corpora- tion of Dublin, notwithstanding the fact of his lordship having declined the day before to attend a civic banquet in consequence of the character of certain resolutions in relation to the enforcement of the law, which had been passed at a public meeting, over which the Lord Mayor had presided. — Died suddenly, aged 50, Edward Middle- ton Barry, R.A., Professor of Architecture and Treasurer of the Royal Academy. 23 . — Died at his residence, near Pitlown, Kilkenny County, the Rt. Hon. John George Brabazon Ponsonby, fifth Earl of Bessborough, formerly M.P. for Derby. 29 . — A deputation appointed by the Dublin Mansion-House Relief Committee waits upon the Lord-Lieutenant and the Chief Secretary. The Lord Mayor and succeeding speakers represented that the tenant farmers had, through pressure of distress, eaten their stores of potatoes which should have been preserved for seed. He asked that the Government should provide seed, as was done in 1847, to avert a famine next year. The Duke of Marl- borough asked the deputation to appoint three of their number to confer on the subject with JANUARY 1 880 FEBRUARY him and the Chief Secretary, and promised to represent the case to the Governrpent. At a meeting of the executive committee of the Duchess of Marlborough’s Relief Fund, it was stated that the total amount received up to date was .,£32,472, of which £10,689 had been distributed. Her Grace, in a speech giving her reasons for enlisting the ladies of Ireland in her work of charity, referred to Mr. Parnell’s misrepresentations in America, but declared that she could not be surprised that she should be attacked by a man who had slandered the Queen, and had dared to say her Majesty’s purse was shut while her subjects were starving. — Died at Islington, aged 78, after a long illness, the Rev. Frederick Oakeley, formerly Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, and minis- ter of Margaret Street Chapel, a prominent member of the Tractarian party, but for the last thirty years “Missionary Rector” of St. John’s Roman Catholic Church, Islington. Mr. Oakeley was “ received ” into the Church of Rome in October 1845, and ordained priest three years afterwards by Cardinal Wiseman. — Died, aged 75, John Locke, Q.C., M.P. for Southwark. 30 . — Died, aged 68, Dr. A. J. Stephens, Q.C. ; aged 59, the Marquis of Anglesey; Professor David Thomson, of Aberdeen Uni- versity ; aged 73, Granierde Cassagnac, French journalist and novelist. Throughout the month successive fogs of extreme density cause great dislocation of traffic in the metropolis, many accidents being reported. February 1. — Died at Tillyfour, Aberdeen- shire, aged 75, William M'Combie, formerly M.P. for West Aberdeenshire, and well known as a breeder of prize cattle. — Died, aged 86, Sir Charles Pressly, K.C.B., late Chairman of the Board of Inland Revenue. — Died at his residence in Dublin, aged 78, Sir Dominic Carrigan, an eminent Irish physician, the leader indeed of his profession in Ireland, and formerly M.P. for Dublin City. 2. — Died at his residence, Grosvenor Cres- cent, London, aged 83, the Kt. Hon. Sir George Hamilton Seymour, engaged for over fifty years in active diplomatic service at various European Courts. 3 . — The series of experiments which had been undertaken at Woolwich to discover the reason of the accidental explosion of the 38-ton gun on board the Thunderer , brought to a close, and the sister gun to that to which the accident had occurred burst entirely to the satisfaction of artillerymen and engineers. The preliminary tests had demonstrated that the theories of the shot having slipped or jammed had no foundation in fact, and this experiment was to show whether the committee who investigated the case were right in their con- clusion that double loading had burst the first gun. The first charge consisted of 110-lb. of pebble powder, a 110-lb. Palliser shell, and a papier-mache wad. Charge No. 2 comprised 85 lb. of powder, a common shell, and another wad. The gun, being fired, burst precisely in the same way as its prototype, greatly to the satisfaction of the experts present, who con- gratulated each other on the cause of the Thun- derer explosion having been now conclusively established. — Died in the United States, aged 84, Charles Coudert, thought to be the last survivor of the Parisian Samur conspiracy for over- throwing the Bourbons in 1821. 4 . — Recognising the necessity of liberal donations to the Irish Relief Fund, the New York Herald opens a subscription of its own, heading the list with the handsome donation of ,£20,000. 5 . — The last session of the present Parlia- ment opened by the Queen in person with more state ceremonial than had been observed since the death of Prince Albert. Her Majesty was accompanied by the Princess Beatrice, and their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, the Duke of Cam- bridge ; the great officers of state were also present. The Royal Speech, which was read by the Lord Chancellor, after referring to the satisfactory nature of the relations between this country and Foreign Powers, dealt with the manner in which the Treaty of Berlin had been carried out, as well as with the fact that the evacuation of Turkey by the Russian troops had been completed. Alluding to the sad massacre of Sir Louis Cavignari and his col- leagues at Cabul, and to the, steps taken to punish the authors of that crime, Her Majesty stated that though the military occupation of Afghanistan is still a necessity, no desire exists on the part of the Government to annex the territory, or to interfere with the liberties of the inhabitants ; whilst at the same time the pro- visions of the Treaty of Gundamuk will be adhered to as far as possible. The close of the Zulu war was then touched upon, followed by an allusion to the Confederation of the South African States, and by an expression of the hope that they may fairly be expected in the future to defend themselves without aid from Imperial resources. Turning to domestic topics, Her Majesty recorded her deep sympathy with the condition of the population in certain dis- tricts of Ireland, and announced that a grant would be made from the Irish Church funds with the view of alleviating the distress. The speech concluded by enumerating the bills to be laid before Parliament, including one to enlarge the powers of owners of Settled Estates, another to amend the Bankruptcy Law, a Criminal Code Bill, and a Lunacy Bill. 132/ FEBRUAR V 1880 FEBRUARY G. — Election of a member for I.iverpool, in room of the late Mr. Torr, results in the return of Mr. Whitley, the Conservative candidate, who polled 26,106 votes as against 23,885 given to his opponent, Lord Ramsay. 8. — Died at Buxton, aged 89, the Rev. Alex. Keith, D.D., author of several exposi- tions of prophecy. 9 . — Theatre Royal, Dublin, destroyed by fire. Five lives lost, including the manager, Mr. Egerton. 10. — Conclusion of the debate cn the Address, which had been much protracted by the Irish members, the last amendment being decisively defeated by 216 to 66. — Execution, at Tiflis; of Tato Tsoolos- kidze, one of the last of the Circassian chiefs. 12 . — The house of Mr. Thomas Palmer, Nottingham, robbed of jewels worth ^3,000. 13 . — Election for Southwark, and Mr. Ed- ward Clarke, Q.C., returned, the numbers at the dose of the poll being — Clarke (C.) 7*683, Dunn (L.) 6,830, and Shipton (R.) 799. At Barnstaple on the previous day Viscount Lym- ington (L.) polled 817 votes against 791 recorded for Sir Robert Carden (C.). 14 . — The Vega, with Professor Norden- skjold on board, arrived at Naples, and the Professor and his companions were received with every demonstration of official and public enthusiasm. — Died on the Punjaub frontier General John Adam Tytler, V.C., a distinguished Indian officer. 17.— Another attempt on the life of the Czar. About seven o’clock this evening a mine was exploded in the basement of the Winter Palace at St. Petersburg, and though none of the Imperial family were injured, the results of the explosion proved most disastrous, ten of the soldiers on duty in the Palace being killed and forty-eight others injured. The mine, which was loaded with dynamite and gun cotton, had been laid below the guard- room, which is situated immediately under the dining-room. But for a fortunate delay in the dinner hour, caused by the Emperor having gone to meet the Prince of Hesse, the Imperial family would at the time the mine was fired have been assembled in the dining hall, the floor of which vas seriously damaged. The soldiers in the guard-room were thus the only victims of the outrage. As soon as the news of the explosion became known in St. Peters- burg, the ambassadors of foreign Powers, along with thousands of loyal citizens, pro- ceeded to the Palace to congratulate the Czar on his escape. In official and diplomatic circles in London the event created great sensation. The Queen immediately tele- graphed a message of condolence and congratulation to the Czar, her Majesty’s example being followed by the Prince of 1328 Wales and the Duke of Edinburgh. Mes- sages of a similar character were also re- ceived by the Czar from the Emperor of Germany and the President of the French Republic. 19 . — A letter in The Times of to-day, from Mr. A. Storey Maskelyne, announces that Mr. J. Ballantine Hannay, at Glasgow, had re- moved “from the science of chemistry an opprobrium so long adhering to it,” by suc- ceeding in crystallising carbon, and so making, in fact, real diamonds. A lively controversy was excited by this letter. — Died, Stewart Brown, an active member of the great New York banking firm of Messrs. Brown Brothers & Co. 20 . — Debate in the House of Lords on the Afghan Policy of the Government, initiated by the Duke of Argyll. The debate was con- tinued by Lord Strathnairn, Lord Napier of Magdala, the Lord Chancellor, and Lord Granville. Lord Beaconsfield having replied, the Duke of Argyll withdrew his motion. 21. — Intelligence received from Constanti- nople that Colonel Synge, who had been despatched by Sir Henry Layard to distribute relief to the Mussulman refugees in Eastern Roumelia, had been captured by Greek brigands near Salonica, and that a . large ransom had been demanded as the price of his release. Niko, the chief of the brigands, took the opportunity of demanding, in addition to a ransom, an amnesty for himself and the release of some of his relations who. were imprisoned in Greece. Ultimately intelligence of Colonel Synge’s release, on payment of ^12, coo, reached London from Constanti- nople. — The National Convention of Bolivia ordered the sale, by public auction, of the property of the convents and churches of the Republic, towards the expenses of the war. 24 .— Concluded before Mr. Justice Hawkins and a jury the trial of James Lewis Paine, aged 50, charged with the murder of Miss Annie J. F. M‘Lean, on the 17th November, 1879. Paine, who was a married man in poor circum- stances, succeeded in getting Miss M‘Lenn so far under his power as to execute a deed of gift in his favour. Having thus got pos- session of all her property, Paine brought the unfortunate lady to London, and in direct opposition to the doctors he had called in, systematically forced his victim to drink large quantities of spirits ; and thus, according to the theory of the prosecution, wilfully accelerated her death, which took place a fortnight after she had been brought to London. The jury returned a verdict of manslaughter, and the prisoner in a lengthy speech protested his innocence of any intention to harm the deceased. Mr. Justice Hawkins declaied that he disbelieved the convict’s statement, FEBRUARY 1880 MARC/I described the character of his offence as atro- cious, and passed sentence of penal servitude for life. — The Dean of Westminster refuses per- mission to erect a monument in the Abbey to the late Prince Imperial. 26 . — An Imperial ukase, dated the 24th, published at St. Petersburg, in virtue of which the government of the country is practically handed over to Count Loris Melikoff, as the head of a newly-organised supreme executive commission. This commissign was called into being by the extraordinary alarm and anxiety pervading the Russian capital in expectation of fresh Nihilist outrages. — Debate in the Commons on the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer’s resolutions dealing with obstruction, which propose to create a Standing Order to the effect that, when a member shall have been named by the Speaker or Chairman of Committees as having disre- garded the ruling of the chair or obstructed the business, it shall be in the power of the House to suspend him from the service of the House for the remainder of the sitting, and for longer periods in the case of repeated offences. — The Board of Trade Inquiry into the Tay Bridge disaster resumed at Dundee, the court being constituted as on the occasion of the sittings about two months ago. It was inti- mated at the outset that there was no intention at present to enter upon the scientific branch of the inquiry, but that attention would almost solely be confined to the evidence of witnesses who had volunteered to speak as to the rate at which trains were in the habit of travelling over the bridge, and that of others who were desirous of describing certain features that they had observed while engaged in painting the ironwork. — Died, aged 68, Rt. Rev. Mon. Russell, President of the Roman Catholic College, Maynooth, a learned native of Killough, county Down. — Died the eccentric lady claiming to be “Countess of Derwentwater” and heiress of the vast Dilston estates in virtue of her pretended descent from Radcliffe, Earl of Derwentwater, executed 1716. 28 . — Conclusion of debate on the Obstruc- tion Resolutions. Amendments to details of Resolutions were again the subject of much debate, chiefly by Irish members, the main attack being directed against powers which it was proposed to grant to the Chairman of Committees. In the end the first resolution was adopted, with the addition, on the motion of Mr. Forster, of the words — “provided always that nothing in this resolution shall be understood to deprive the House of the power of proceeding according to its ancient usages.” The second resolution, making the provisions of the first a Standing Order, was also agreed to, the Chancellor of the Exchequer declining to accept a proposal to make it a Sessional Order, on the ground that it would involve the discussion of the subject year after year. — The piercing of the St. Gothard tunnel completed at nine o’clock this morning. — Died, aged 79, Charles Lees, R. S.A., Treasurer of the Royal Scottish Academy. 29 . — Died, aged 69, Dr. Edward Zimmer- man, a distinguished member of the “Progress” party in the German Reichstag. Iflarcli 2. — In the House of Commons, the case of Mr. Charles Edmund Grissell, in re- ference to the breach of privilege in connection with the Tower High Level Bridge Committee, came on for consideration. An apologetic petition from Mr. Grissell was presented by Mr. Walpole ; but the House agreed with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, that Mr. Grissell’s presence at the Bar was necessary. The Speaker’s warrant for his arrest was accordingly at once issued, and in the course of the evening the Sergeant-at- Arms reported that it had been duly executed, and that Mr. Grissell was in his custody. On the following day the prisoner was brought before the House, and personally made submission for his offence. Motion was made by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, “ That Charles Edmund Grissell, having evaded punishment for his offence against the privileges of this House until the close of last Session, be committed to Her Majesty’s gaol of New- gate, and that Mr. Speaker do issue his warrant accordingly.” This being seconded by Mr. Forster, the question was put and at once agreed to. It was subsequently stated that this decision was a disagreeable surprise to Mr. Grissel, who had expected to be released after making his apology. The dissolution of Par- liament, which shortly followed, released Mr. Grissell. 3 . — AttheOld Bailey, Mrs.GeorginaWeldon appeared before the Recorder, to answer an in- dictment for libel preferred by M. Jules Prudence Riviere. The parties, it appeared in evidence, were introduced in 1878, and in October of the following year an arrangement was made, by which the defendant’s choir was to sing at M. Riviere’s concerts at Covent Garden Theatre. The contract had only lasted a fortnight when the arrangement suddenly collapsed, and cross actions were entered by both of the parties. Mrs. Weldon, having quarrelled with M. Riviere, relieved her feelings by the composi- tion of the letters which constituted the alleged libels, and in November wrote to Mr. Eber- wein and to Mr. Hamilton Clarke, both gentle- men engaged in the musical profession, on the subject of her own wrongs and certain alleged passages in the life of M. Riviere. The trial lasted three days, and resulted in a verdict of Guilty. As there were other proceedings pend- I ing between the parties, Mr. Waddy applied to 1329 MARCH l88o MARCH the Recorder to defer anything further in the case until they were decided. The Recorder agreeing, Mrs. Weldon was liberated on recog- nizances to come up for judgment when called. On May 24th, civil proceedings having been brought to a close, Mrs. Weldon surrendered to her bail, and was sentenced by the Recorder to four months imprisonment from the date of her conviction. — At the Tay Bridge inquiry, the evidence on behalf of the Railway Company relating to the workmanship of the bridge was brought to a close. The body of D^vid Mitchell, driver of the lost train, was found four miles below the bridge. This was the thirty-ninth body recovered. — Count Loris Melikoff shot at by a Jew named Maladyetsky. 4 . — Destruction of the village of Nauders, on the Swiss frontier, by fire. 5 . — Disastrous boiler explosion at the Glas- gow Iron Works, in the northern district of that city. One of the upright boilers, in con- nection with the puddling furnaces exploded shortly after seven o’clock p.m., doing great damage to the boiler-shed and buildings adja- cent, killing four men at the moment, and more or less seriously injuring thirty-two others, of whom twenty-one died. 6. — Lieutenant Watson, of the 1st L.A.V., killed at Irvine by the explosion of a shell, and buried with military honours in Glasgow Necropolis on the 13th. Instructing- Sergeant Kirker was killed by the same unfortunate ex- plosion, and buried also with military honours at Sighthill. 9 . — Lord Beaconsfield, in the House of Lords, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the House of Commons, announced that it was intended to dissolve Parliament as soon as pos- sible after the Budget had been brought in. — In a letter addressed to the Lord- Lieu- tenant of Ireland, the Prime Minister explains that the adoption by Parliament of the Irish Relief Bills enables Ministers “to advise the Queen to recur to the sense of the people.” His Lordship also sets forth at some length the main features of the policy of the Government during the last six years, and states that the immediate dissolution of Parliament will afford an opportunity to the nation “to decide upon a course which will materially influence its future fortune and shape its destiny.” 9. — Died, aged 78, Lady Charlotte Bacon (Harley), the “ Iapthe ” to whom Byron dedi- cated his first Canto of “Childe Harold.” — The Empress of Austria visits the Queen at Windsor Castle. 11 . — In the House of Commons, the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer introduces his financial statement. He reminded the House that the Budget of last year showed ’ an estimated sur- 1330 plus of £1,900,000, which, however, had been turned into a deficit by a vote of credit of £3,000,000 taken on account of the South African war. This deficit had been further increased to a sum of ,£3,355,000 by the decrease in the declining revenue. The esti- mated expenditure for 1880-81 was put at £81,486,472, and the revenue at £81,560,000. In order not to interfere with the industry of the country, which had long been suffering from the depression of trade, Sir Stafford Northcote proposed to provide for the extra expenditure caused through the Zulu and Afghan wars by payments to the amount altogether of £6,000,000, spread over five years. — Preparations for the elections become general over the country. On this day Mr. Gladstone issued his address to the electors of Mid-Lothian. The right hon. gentleman re- joiced that the time had at length arrived when the constituencies are to be called upon to declare by their votes what view they entertain of the policy of the Government. Proceeding to deal with the Prime Minister’s “ electioneer- ing address,” Mr. Gladstone maintained that Lord Beaconsfield had endeavoured by ‘ ‘ terri- fying insinuations” to hide from view the acts of the Ministry and their effect upon the char- acter and condition of the country. To these he drew attention with some detail, though at the same time admitting that with threescore years and ten upon his head he felt the task an irksome one. He denounced the policy of Go- vernment both at home and abroad, and turn- ing to financial questions, censured the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer for proposing to meet only a portion of his deficits, and to meet them partly by a new tax on personal property, or by a sacrifice of the Sinking Fund. He pointed out that the Prime Minister gave no clue as to the domesticjegislation of the future, and opened up no prospect of effectual altera- tion in the land laws, of local government reforms, of a more equal distribution of political franchise, or of progress in questions deeply affecting the moral and social condition of the people. — Mr. James Russell Lowell, the new Uni- ted States Minister, introduced to Her Majesty by the Home Secretary, in the absence of Lord Salisbury. 12. — Speaking at Marylebone Mr. Glad- stone took occasion to condemn the abandoned Water Bill and also the proposed readjustment of Probate Duties, the latter as pressing unfairly upon personal as compared with real property. More sanguine than many of his supporters as to the results of impending General Election Mr. Gladstone hoped that whatever the answer of the country might be, it would be clear and unequivocal, ringing from John o’ Groat’s to Land’s End. “ Don’t (he concluded) let us have an ambiguous expression of the popular voice — to-day an election in one way, to- rn rrow in another, — to-day Liberalism is up MARCH t8So MARCH in good spirits, to-morrow Jingoism is up. It is better that Jingoism should have its way, and that people, if they won’t learn by reason — and they have had plenty of reason — should learn by experience, than that we should present to the rest of the world, not one Eng- land, but two Englands ; in fact an England that does not know its mind ; an England blow- ing one day hot and another day cold ; one day wet, another day dry ; something like that which is said of our climate, and never main- taining that consistency and dignity of action which belongs to a great Power. ” 13 . — Died, aged 87, Thomas Bell, a former Secretary of the Royal Society and President of the Linnean Society.- 14 . — The Grand Shereef of Mecca assassi- nated. 15 . — Lord Derby, in a letter to Lord Sefton, states that, though he had long been unwilling to separate himself from the political connection in which he was brought up, and with which he had in the main acted for many years, the present situation of parties, and the avowed policy of the Conservative leader in reference to foreign relations, left him no choice. — The General Post Office, Cape Town, robbed of diamonds valued at 75,000/. 16 . — The Peruvian corvette Union forces the blockade of the port of Arica. The Chilian army took possession of the Peruvian town of Moquegua on the 20th. — Died, aged 99, Admiral Philip West- phal, the oldest commissioned officer in Pier Majesty’s service. He was at the battle of Copenhagen, and also fought in other engage- ments under Nelson. \ 7 . — Mr. Gladstone addresses his first meet- ing in the Music Hall, Edinburgh, dealing chiefly with the foreign policy of the Govern- ment, which he described as a failure. Other meetings, following almost daily, were held at Corstorphjne on the 18th, where the Afghan war engaged attention ; at Ratho, agricultural affairs ; at Davidson’s Mains, on the 19th, the Berlin Treaty was discussed, and at Dalkeith Home Questions, including Local Option. On the 2 1st, meetings were addressed at Juniper Green, Balerno, and Mid-Calder ; on the 22nd, Mr. Gladstone delivered four speeches — one in opening a new Liberal Club in Edinburgh ; a second in Queen Street Hall ; a third at Gilnjerton dealing with the Dis- establishment question, which he desired to see pronounced upon unmistakably by the Scotch people themselves ; and a fourth at Loanhead on the Eastern Question. 17 . — Mr. Gladstone attacks Austria under circumstances which lead him two months later to explain his views and position in office as Prime Minister. A report being in circulation, and as yet uncontradicted, that the Emperor had expressed a feeling favourable to the con- tinuance of Earl Beaconsfield’s Cabinet in office, the hon. candidate for Mid- Lothian speaking to-day in the Music Hall, Edinburgh, said Austria had ever been the unflinching foe of freedom in every country of Europe. “ Austria trampled under foot, Austria resisted the unity of Germany. Russia I am sorry to say has been the foe of freedom too ; but in Russia there is an exception — Russia has been the friend of Sclavonic freedom ; but Austria has never been the friend even of Sclavonic freedom. Austria did all she could to prevent the creation of Belgium, Austria never lifted a finger for the regeneration and constitution of Greece. There is not an instance — there is not a spot upon the whole map where you can lay your finger and say, — ‘ There Austria did good.’” 19 . — Died, aged 71, Charles Joseph Carttar, for nearly fifty years Coroner for Kent. 20. — The Board of High Officials appointed to try Chung-How, late ambassador of China to Russia, who negotiated the Kuldja treaty, recommend that the diplomatist should be kept in prison until the autumn, and then executed. Public opinion was said to be greatly against the treaty, and the war feeling against Russia was very strong. — The Lord Provost of Glasgow performs the ceremony of laying the last copestone on the quay wall of the Queen’s Dock. Several members ofthe Clyde Trust, and a large number of well-known citizens, were present. At the luncheon which took place afterwards, it was stated that the dock had cost ^1,600,000, and that the Clyde Trustees had spent ^2,068,753 on it and other works. The revenue of the Trust was now five times the amount it was on the day the Queen ascended the throne 43 years ago. — Mr. Theodore Martin, author ofthe “ Life of the Prince Consort,” receives the honour of knighthood from the Queen. 24 . — The seventh session of the Ninth Par- liament of Her Majesty was brought to a close this afternoon by Royal Commission. There were few members present on the occasion, the Peers numbering only four and the Commons twenty-seven. 25 — The Queen and Princess Beatrice leave Windsor for a tour in Germany. Baden-Baden was reached on the 27th, and Darmstadt on the 30th, when the Prince and Princess of Wales joined Her Majesty. — The Empress Eugenie sails from South- ampton for the Cape in order to visit the scene of her son’s death. 26 . — To-day being Good Friday, certain curious set observances took place in London, at the Church of All Hallows, Lombard Street. According to a custom which has been kept up for the last 287 years, sixty of the 1331 MARCH 1880 APRIL younger boys from Christ’s Hospital attended the service, after which, in accordance with the will of Peter Symonds, made in 1 593 » they each received at the hands of the church- warden, Mr. Shayer, a new penny and a packet of raisins. A very ancient custom was also observed at St. Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield, when an old tomb in the church- yard was visited, and twenty-one sixpences laid on the slab to be picked up by twenty-one elderly females of the parish. 27. — Died, when he had just entered his iooth year, Charles Winchester, a native of Echt, Aberdeenshire ; thought to be the oldest lawyer in Scotland, having been admitted to the Bar of Aberdeen as advocate in 1807. 30. — What came to be known as the March Decrees relating to non-authorized religious congregations published in the Journal Officiel , Paris. The first and most important gave Jesuits notice to break up and to leave estab- lishments which they occupied within the territory of the Republic in the course of three months, except in certain cases, where an additional delay of two months was granted. — Mr. Gladstone speaks at Peebles and Innerleithen, in support of Mr. Tennant’s candidature for Peebles county, the hon. gentleman having withdrawn from Glasgow, where a seat was thought fairly secure, to con- test his home county. — Earl Grey writes that a change of Government would be a calamity, and there- fore expresses his sympathy with Conservative candidates for Northumberland. 31. — The first elections for the new Parlia- ment took place to-day, and their results fore- shadowed the ultimate decision of the con- stituencies. The elections for Birmingham, theCity of London, \Vestminster, and Hackney, were perhaps the most important of any. In Birmingham, as was expected, the Liberals secured all three seats by large majorities. In the City of London the Conservative majorities Were so large that, if the same perfection in the organization of voting power had obtained there as in Birmingham, it was generally con- sidered that all the seats would have fallen to their party. Westminster returned its old Con- servative members, though by decreased majorities, and Hackney “went” overpower- ingly Liberal. There were a few Conservative victories, notably at Maidstone, where both Sir John Lubbock and Sir Sydney Waterlow were dismissed ; and at Taunton, Sir Henry James had a very narrow escape of sharing the same fate ; but, on the whole, the balance of the day’s work was largely against the Govern- ment of Lord Beaconsfield. April 4. — Died, General George Staunton, C.B., Colonel 92nd Highlanders, who had seen considerable service in India and the Crimea. 1332 5. — Public interest in the elections culmi- nates to-day, when the polling for Mkl Lothian took place. Mr. Gladstone, who was opposed by Lord Dalkeith, polled 1,579 votes against 1,368. The returns, so far as completed at this date, showed that 265 Liberals, 158 Conserva- tives, and 23 Home Rulers had been returned. 8. — Died, aged 88, Henry Pownall, for a quarter of a century chairman of the Middlesex bench of magistrates, and a prominent worker in religious and philanthropical movements. — The Emperor of Germany declines to accept Prince Bismarck’s resignation. 9. — Died, aged 81, Lord Hampton (Sir John Pakington), a prominent member of various Conservative Governments. V — The Gazette of to-day contains an order in Council establishing the new Bishopric of Liverpool, the Rev. John Chas. Ryle, M.A., Dean of Salisbury, being appointed Bishop. The consecration took place in York Minster on nth June, 1880. 10. — Four new peers announced — Mr. Baillie Cochrane, Sir Lawrence Pallc, Sir Ivor Guest, and Sir Arthur Guinness. 12 . — Disastrous accident at the chemical works of Messrs. Burt, Bolton, and Hayward, Silvertown, North Woolwich, one of the large stills exploding with a loud report. Several buildings wei'e set on fire and destroyed, and eleven of the workmen killed. 13. — The Bagot Will Case, which was to be tried to-day in Dublin, settled on the terms that Mrs. Roberts, late Mrs. Bagot, is to get ;£8,ooo and her costs, and her son ^25,000, all further claim on her own part or on that of her son being relinquished. {See 20th May, 1878.) — Died, aged 60, Dr. E. V. Kenealy, ex- M.P., defender of the Tichborne claimant. — A vacancy already caused in the new Parliament by the sudden death of Mr. J. S. Wright, one of the Liberal members for Not- tingham. 16. — Sixteen Scotch representative peers elected, the Earl of Glasgow presiding at at Holyrood as Lord Clerk- Register ; Marquis of Queensberry objected to his exclusion on account of theological views. — Major Wandby with a small party of natives, and 50 Pathans, attacked by over 1,000 Pathans, between Chaman and Canda- har ; Major Wandby and the natives killed. 18. — Anticipating a majority against his government in the new House of Commons, Lord Beaconsfield tenders the resignation of his ministry to Her Majesty. — Died, John R. Kenyon, Q.C., D.C. L., Vinerian Professor of Common Law, Oxford. APRIL 1880 APRIL 19 .— At Ahmecl Khel, the British troops tinder General Stewart, on the march to Ghazni, opposed by an army of over 15,000 Ghilzais, who had taken up a strong position on some hills about twenty miles south of Ghazni. The enemy were first perceived at a distance of about two miles, and the action was begun by Major Warter’s battery at 9 a.m., and, although the guns did considerable execution, a. des- perate charge was made by over 3,000 Ghazis along the whole line and on each flank. The first rush being stopped, and General Stewart having fully developed his attack, the Ghilzais, after fighting just an hour, retired in all direc- tions, leaving behind them a thousand killed and carrying off a great number of wounded. The British loss was 17 killed and 126 wounded. — Died, aged 63, the Rev. Alexander Raleigh, D.D., a prominent Nonconformist preacher. 21.— Announcement made to-day that in the distribution of honours connected with the impending retirement of ministers, Mr. Mon- tague Corry, Lor&Beaconsfield’s private Secre- tary, was to be called to the Peerage by the title of Baron Rowton. — Last meeting of Lord Beaconsfield's Cabinet at the Premier’s official residence, Downing Street. — Serious fire at Hull, opposite Ottawa, Canada ; 800 houses reported as destroyed. ■ — Extensive illumination of the Colos- seum and Forum at Rome, to celebrate the building of the city. According to Varronican chronology, the City of Romulus had now entered its 2,633rd year. 23 . — Mr. Gladstone summoned to Windsor and entrusted with the formation of a Liberal Administration. The right hon. gentleman accepted the task, and on his return to London took the first step towards the composition of his Cabinet by holding an interview with Lord Granville and Lord Hartington. — The Duchess of Marlborough, whose re- sidence in Ireland naturally terminated with the change of Government, receives a letter from the Queen intimating Her Majesty's intention to confer upon the Duchess the Order of Vic- toria and Albert in recognition of her exertions in connection with the relief of distress in Ireland. The honour was conferred on 4th May at Windsor. — The Union Company’s royal mail steam- ship American, of 2, 126 tons register, founders near the equator, after breaking her main shaft, on the voyage from Southampton to the Cape of Good Hope. Fortunately the weather was fine at the time, and the ship being well supplied with boats, the whole of the 135 per- sons on board — a number which included fifty- eight passengers — were enabled to leave the ship. The second lifeboat and two of the cutters were picked up two days afterwards by the British and African steamer Congo, and taken into Madeira. Three more boats were saved on the 24th and 25th of April by the American bark Emma F. Herriman , and the passengers and crew, being transferred to the British and African steamer Coanza , were landed at Grand Bassa. Another boat was picked up by the Portuguese brig Tarujo, and seven men and five bags of mails were landed at Loandaon the 21st of July. 25 . — Died suddenly, while presiding at the Savage Club house dinner, George Grossmith, a well-known public reader. Mr. Grossmith was 60 years of age. 27 . — The Directors and Managers of the West of England Bank surrender to their bail before the Lord Chief Justice at the Central Criminal Court, and plead Not Guilty to charges of having published, and having con- spired together to publish, false balance-sheets and false statements concerning the affairs of the West of England and South Wales Bank, with a fraudulent intent, and also with having made false entries in the bank -ledger with a similar object. The case lasted until Wednes- day, 5th May, when the Lord Chief Justice summed up generally in favour of the accused, and the jury, after consulting in private for about a quarter of an hour, returned a verdict of Not Guilty in the case of all the defend- ants. 28 . — Mr. Gladstone succeeds in prac- tically completing his Cabinet to-day, a complete list of which will be found in the table of Ministries. The last election return was now made, and the House found to be composed of 354 Liberals, 236 Conserva- tives, and 62 Home Rulers, thus showing a Liberal majority over Conservatives and Home Rulers combined of 56. In the last Parliament the figures were very different, the Conserva- tives numbering 343 ; the Liberals, 249 ; and the Home Rulers, 59. The aggregate vote cast in the United Kingdom was calculated as follows : — For the Liberals, 1,799,137 ; for the Conservatives, 1,413,722; and for the Home Rulers, 93,315. — Closing Liberal victory, obtained in Orkney and Shetland, Mr. Laing polling 896 votes, against 518 given to Dr. Badenoch. — The Queen holds two councils atWindsor, to permit of Ministers exchanging seals of office. 29 . — The new Parliament— the tenth of Her Majesty’s reign — opened by Royal Com- mission, the Commissioners being the Lord Chancellor, the Duke of Argyle, Lord Gran- ville, Lord Sydney, and Lord Northbrook. In the usual form it was intimated by the Lord Chancellor that as soon as the members of both Blouses had been sworn, the cause of Her Majesty calling the Parliament would be de- clared. In the House of Lords about sixty 1333 APRIL l88o MAY Peers took the oath and subscribed the rolL In the House of Commons the first duty was that of electing a Speaker, Mr. Brand being again appointed by the unanimous choice of all parties. The mover was Sir T. D. Acland, and the seconder Sir Philip Egerton, the former of whom first entered Parliament in 1843, and the latter in 1830 ; and on taking the chair Mr. Brand was congratulated on his re- election by Lord F. Cavendish and Sir Stafford Northcote. 30 . — Shortly after two o’clock this after- noon a fire, attended with fatal results, occurred in the premises of Messrs. Hodgkinson & Co., manufacturing chemists, Aldersgate Street, London. It originated in the essential oil- room, owing to the breakage of a bottle of inflammable liquid, which came into contact with a naked light. Five men and a boy were in the room, and it is believed that only two escaped by jumping from the windows. — All foreign Jews ordered to quit St. Petersburg within six hours of publication of notice. May 1 . — At the Royal Academy banquet Mr. Gladstone, in replying to the toast of “ Her Majesty’s Ministers,” said that if he had any hope of bringing to the discharge of his arduous duties even a small stock of physi- cal and mental strength, it was to be attributed to the devotion of Lord Granville and Lord Hartington, who had enabled him to enjoy five years of comparative repose, and, after having borne the burden and heat of the day, had ceded to him the honours they might justly have claimed. — Beethoven Monument unveiled in Vienna. 3 . — Mr. Bradlaugh having, on the invitation of the Speaker, verbally stated his claim to make an affirmation under the Evidence Amendment Acts of 1869 and 1870, the case is referred to a Select Committee. A. — Mr. Gladstone, influenced apparently by the resentment still harboured at Vienna re- garding his Mid-Lothian references to Austria (see March 17), makes an apologetical expla- nation to the Ambassador, Count Karolyi, expressive of his willingness to withdraw any hostile criticism, if assurance could be given that the circumstances had been mis- apprehended. The Ambassador, thereupon appeared to have assured the Prime Minister that the Emperor had never spoken against him, and further, gave explicit promise that his country would strictly observe such condi- tions as were set forth in the Treaty of Berlin. “ Permit me ” (Mr. Gladstone now wrote) “at once to state to your Excellency, that had I been in possession of such an assurance as I have now been able to receive, I never would have uttered any one of the words which your Excellency justly describes as of a painful and wounding character. Whether it was my mis- fortune or my fault that I was not so supplied, 1334 I will not now attempt to determine, but will at once express my serious concern that I should, in default of it, have been led to refer to transactions of an earlier period, or to use terms of censure which I can now wholly banish from my mind.” Such hostile com- ments as these sentiments called forth were intensified rather than modified by another passage in the same correspondence drawing a marked distinction between private and official utterances. “ From the moment ” (Mr. Glad- stone wrote) “when I accepted from the Queen the duty of forming an administration, I forthwith resolved that I would not as a Minister either repeat, or even defend any argument or polemical language in regard to more than one Foreign Power which I had used individually when in a position of greater freedom and less responsibility.” Interrogated in the House on the 21st, Mr. Gladstone said that the Power to which he particularly re- ferred was Russia, generally adverse to liberty in Europe, yet receiving great sympathy from the Tory party in this country. 5 . — The troops composing the Aldershot Division reviewed by Her Majesty on the Queen’s Parade. — Earl Cowper sworn in as Lord-Lieu- tenant, at Dublin Castle. Q. — In the Exchequer Division at West- minster the case of Riviere v. Cooper was concluded after four days’ hearing. The action was brought by one of the lessees of Covent Garden Theatre to recover damages from the defendant, who represented Mrs. Weldon. It was alleged that Mrs. Weldon had broken her contract with the plaintiff, as her choir had proved inefficient, and she herself had behaved improperly in the theatre. The defendant denied the charges. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, with £21,0 damages. — Sir William Harcourt, on his re-election as Llome Secretary, defeated by Mr. flail at Oxford. A petition against Mr. Hall’s return resulted in invalidating the election. The Home Secretary found a seat at Derby after- wards, Mr. Plimsoll resigning in his favour. — Died at Rouen, aged 58, M. Gustave Flaubert, French novelist. — Miss Beckwith successfully completes her thirty hours’ swim at the Aquarium, West- minster. 10. — Died at Brixton, aged 80, Sir John Goss, many years organist of St. Paul’s, and composer of various anthems and glees. 11 . — All hope abandoned regarding the training vessel Atalanta , sister-ship 1o the Eurydice {see 24th March, 1878), and official announcement made of an intended inquiry into her loss. Nothing had been heard of her since the 31st of January, when she sailed from Bermuda for England with 300 of a crew. The vessels of the Channel Fleet had been ordered to search for her, but no trace could be found. MAY i38o MAY 13 . — The Marquis of Ripon leaves England to assume the Governor-Generalship of India. — Died, aged 66, David Thomas Ansted, formerly Professor of Geology in King’s Col- lege, London, and assistant-secretary to Geo- logical Society. 15 . — Disastrous boiler explosion at the works of the Birchills Hall Iron Company, Walsall. Twenty-seven men were killed and a large number injured. In returning a verdict of accidental death, the coroner’s jury censured the arrangements made by the company for the care of the boilers. — The trial of Mr. Labouchere for an alleged libel, published in Truth , regarding the ante- cedents of a Persian named Lambri and others brought to a close. After the Lord Chief Justice had summed up, the jury returned a verdict finding that Lambri and a confederate cheated at cards at Rapael’s and at the De Sterkes' ; that Lambri conspired with Beillard and Guagni to come to this country to win money by cheating at cards ; and that Lambri assumed the fictitious title of “Pasha” in order to obtain an introduction into clubs and private houses for the purpose of winning money by cheating at cards. His Lordship then directed the jury to find a verdict for the defendant. 16 . — To-day (Sunday) the first performance of the Passion Play, at Oberammergau, takes place in the presence of 4,000 spectators. Nearly as many more visitors to the village having failed to obtain admission to the theatre, another performance was ordered for Tuesday, 18th of May. The performance lasted from eight o’clock in the morning till five o’clock in the evening ; a heavy thunderstorm in the afternoon considerably inconvenienced a large proportion of the audience, the greater part of the theatre being open to the sky. 17 . — Mr. Goschen leaves London for Con- stantinople as special ambassador in room of Sir Henry Layard. Lord Granville’s instruc- tions to Mr. Goschen were contained in a despatch dated May 18. His appointment as Special Ambassador to the Porte, it was stated, is specially intended to impress on the Sultan that the time has arrived when the Government are determined to insist, in concert with the Powers, upon the fulfilment of the engage- ments which the Porte has entered into with regard to Greece and Montenegro, and the reforms mentioned in article 61 of the Berlin Treaty, — Lord Beacopsfield and his friend Lord Rowton visit the Queen at Windsor. 18 . — Trial of the Nihilists, eleven in number, concerned in the late attempt on the life of the Czar. {See 17th February.) The trial lasted until the 26th of May, when five of the prisoners, including a woman named Kolenkina, were found guilty of belonging to a revolution- ary party which aimed at the destruction of the existing social and political institutions, while the remainder of the accused were declared guilty of a similar offence in a modified degree. Extenuating circumstances were admitted to exist in the cases of Dr. Weimar and Kolenkina. Michailoff and Saburofif were sentenced to be hanged, Dr. Weimar to fifteen years’ hard labour in the mines, Kolenkina to fifteen years’ hard labour in a Government factory ; and the remaining prisoners, of whom three were women, received sentences ranging from simple exile to twenty years’ hard labour in the mines. — Died, aged 76, Paul de Musset, French novelist. 19 . — Conservative gathering in Bridgewater House, London, Earl Beaconsfield speaking hopefully of the prospects of the party. — The strike of the Blackburn weavers was brought to a close, the work to be resumed at the former rate of wages. 20. — Royal Address moved in the House of Lords by Lord Elgin, seconded by Lord Sandhurst, and unanimously agreed to In the House of Commons, Mr. Albert Grey pro- posed, and Mr. Hugh Mason seconded, the Address, which was agreed to, after an amend- ment, proposed by Mr. O’Connor Power, had been negatived by 300 to 47 votes. 20. — Died, aged 79, William IT. Miller, F.R.S., forty-eight years Professor of Mine- ralogy at Cambridge. — Died, at Florence, aged 84, Henry Ash- worth, of The Oaks, Bolton, a Lancashire cotton-spinner, closely associated with Cobden and Bright in their Anti- Corn Law agitation, and author of a League history. — Foundation stone of Truro Cathedral laid by the Prince of Wales. 21. — Mr. Bradlaugh again presents himself to the clerk at the table, and was about to be sworn when Sir Henry D. Wolff objected, and Mr. Bradlaugh having withdrawn by order of the Speaker, Sir Henry moved a resolution to the effect that, as Mr. Bradlaugh had already claimed to make an affirmation or declaration, he ought not to be allowed to take the oath. To this Mr. Gladstone moved an amendment, referring the whole question to a Select Com- mittee, and the debate was adjourned. On its resumption on the 24th of May, Sir IT. D. Wolffs motion was lost by 289 to 214, and the question of the appointment of a Committee was postponed for further consideration. — M. Martel resigned, on account of ill- health, the post of President of the French Senate. 22. — An interesting ceremony took place at Ferryhill Junction to-day (Saturday) in con- nection with the Queen’s journey to Balmoral. When the royal train reached the junction, Her Majesty stepped from the saloon carriage and 1335 MAY l880 JUNE presented the Albert medal to George Oatley, of the Naval Reserve, Peterhead, for his gallant rescue of certain shipwrecked seamen at Bod- dam in February last. — Mr. Goschen held a long audience with the Emperor of Austria, and afterwards left Vienna for Constantinople. — Disgraceful scene at Mallow, whereabout 500 of the West Cork Militia were waiting to go to their homes by railway. Finding on the arrival of the train that all the carriages were full, they attacked a party of emigrants, and, pitching men, women, and children out on the platform, took possession of their seats. 25 . — The Right Hon. Robert Lowe, the Right Hon. William F. Cowper-Temple, and the Right Hon. Edward H. Knatchbull- Hugessen raided to the peerage by the titles respectively of Viscount Sherbrooke, Baron Mount Temple, and Baron Brabourne. — M. Leon Say elected President of the French Senate. 26 . — Died, aged 64, Rev. John Curwen, originator of the Tonic-Sol-Fa method of teaching music. — The Derby won by the Duke of West- minster’s Bend Or, ridden by F. Archer. Later on a long dispute arose whether it was Bend Or, or Tadcaster : decided that it was Bend Or. 27 . — Carried in the Free Church Assembly, by a majority of 287 against 256, Dr. Beith’s motion withdrawing the libel and admonishing Professor Robertson Smith. 31 . — Died, aged 84, James Robinson Blanche, Somerset Herald, dramatist, and archaeologist. June 1 . — Murder in the Galloway village of Glenluce, James Milligan, who kept a public-house, and his housekeeper, an old woman, being found on an alarm raised by a little girl senseless and greatly mutilated by blows from an axe. Much inquiry, but no murderer ever discovered. 3 . — Mr. Goschen had an audience of the Sultan, and presented his credentials as Am- bassador Extraordinary. — The Empress of Russia (Maria of Hesse- Darmstadt) who had been for a long time past in a delicate state of health, died at St. Petersburg in her 5 6th year. — The discovery of the body of a woman in a cask in the area of 139 Harley Street, caused much excitement in the Metropolis. — Duel between M. Henri Rochefort and M. Koechlin. M. Rochefort severely wounded. — Colonel C. G. Gordon resigned his post of private secretary to Lord Ripon, Viceroy of India. 1336 5 . — Royal Thames Yacht Club match won by Mr. Clark’s Vandnara ; the Prince of Wales, in his Formosa , being second. 7 . — In the House of Commons, Lord Hart- ington reads a statement as to the affairs of India and Afghanistan. The objects of the Government were in the main two — namely, to bring the actual military negotiations to a close, and when the troops retired, which he hoped the main body would be able to do in the autumn, to leave behind some prospect of a settled Government. Instructions relating to these objects had been sent to Lord Ripon. The Government did not regard favourably any arrangement for the permanent occupation of Candahar by British forces ; but Lord Ripon would examine the matter, and discover what was binding and what was politically expedient without any preconceived ideas in favour of a permanent extension of our military liabilities. The same observation applied to the frontier acquired under the Treaty of Gundamuk. Lord Ripon would obtain the best military advice, and would act independently, without being influenced by the fact of the frontier being acquired and occupied under that Treaty, which must now be considered as having ceased to exist. — Died, aged 84, Colonel Sir Robert Bur- dett, Bart., only son of Sir Francis Burdett, and brother of the Baroness Burdett-Coutts. — Judgment pronounced in the case of the Duke of Norfolk v. Arbuthnot by Lords Jus- tices Bramwell, Baggallay, and Brett. The action arose out of a controversy between the Duke of Norfolk and the vicar of the parish of Arundel, on the question whether the chancel of the church was the property of the Howards or of the parish. The church at Arundel was originally founded in connection with a chantry, and had at. its east end a chancel, and at the side a Lady-chapel, each with an altar, at which, however, it did not appear that the vicar of the parish ever officiated, using instead an altar within the south transept. This chancel and chapel had always been claimed by the Dukes of Norfolk, and was cut off from the church by a “grille,” or lattice-work of iron, always locked, and of which the Duke him- self kept the key. Sixteen members of the Howard family had been buried here since 1691, and the Duke’s rights were never called into question until now, when, on his erecting a wall between the church and the chancel, which it was his intention to restore, the vicar caused it to be pulled down, and claimed the chancel as part of his church. This claim necessitated an appeal to the law, and the case, which involved much delicate argument, and was illustrated by curious historical evidence, Was tried before Lord Coleridge, who decided in favour of the Duke. From that judgment the vicar appealed, but without avail, as the Lords Justices, without calling upon Sir John Holker, delivered elaborate judgments affirming that of Lord Coleridge. JUNE 1880 JUNE — Died, aged 59, Sir Stephen Cave, Judge- Advocate General, 1874-75. 10. — The Plenipotentiaries appointed to settle the question of the Greek frontier, which had been left open at the Berlin Conference, meet in that city for the first time. — In Committee of Ways and Means Mr. Gladstone submits a supplementary budget, in which he proposed to make alterations in view of the deficit in India, and in prospect of the duties on wines being lowered, in order to secure a renewal of the commercial treaty with France. To make up for the deficiencies Mr. Gladstone proposed to put a penny oh the Income-tax, which will yield ^1,425,000 this year, and also increase and readjust the cost of licenses for the sale of liquor in such a way as to bring in ^350,000 a year. Considerable discussion followed the speech of the Chaneellor of the Exchequer, and general satisfaction was expressed with his proposals. The resolutions were eventually put and agreed to. — The tercentenary of Camoens celebrated in Lisbon. The remains of the poet and those of Vasco da Gama had been previously re- moved to the monastery of Belem. 11. — Consecration of the Rev. John Charles Ryle, d.d., to the Bishopric of Liverpool, in York Minster. 14 . — In the House of Commons Sir Charles Dilke is questioned as to the appointment of M. Challemel-Lacour as French Ambassador to England, while Mr. O’Donnell expressed him- self as anxious to know whether the French Ambassador was the citizen Challemel-Lacour, who, as one of the Prefects of the Provisional Government of the 4th September, 1870, ordered the massacre of Colonel Carayon Latour’s battalion in the telegram “ Fusil! ez moi ces gens IhJ contained in the report of the Commission of the National Assembly on the subject, and who had since been condemned by a Court of Justice to pay ^3,000 for his share of the plunder of a convent during the same period. Sir Charles Dilke, after ex- pressing his regret that such a question should have been put, gave a categorical denial to the accusation contained in the question. Mr. O’Donnell, however, was not satisfied, and proceeded to make a speech, which was checked by the Speaker, but as he still appeared in- clined to persevere, Mr. Gladstone rose to order, and moved that Mr. O’Donnell be not heard. After a motion for the adjournment of the debate, which had been moved by Mr. Parnell (who disclaimed all sympathy with Mr. O’Donnell), had been lost by 245 to 139, Major Nolan moved the adjournment of the House, which was also lost by 224 to 58. Lord Elcho then moved the adjournment of the debate, and the discussion, which continued very heated, was resumed, the Speaker men- tioning that such a motion as that made by Mr. Gladstone had not been proposed in the House for 200 years. Motion withdrawn. — In the House of Lords the Earl of Galloway submits various resolutions regarding the ancient Earldom of Mar, held by John Francis Erskine Goodeve Erskine, as nth Earl since the first Restoration, and 33rd in descent as heir-general from the holder of the title in 1065, and therefore Premier Earl of Scotland. Lord Galloway’s first resolution was to the effect that the Select Committee ap- pointed to consider the petition of the Earl of Mar and Kellie (which was that the title of Earl of Mar should be brought down to the date of 1565 from its existing place on the Union Roll,) having reported on 27th June, 1877, that they had not been able to discover any precedents of instructions from the House for altering the order of precedence of the Peers of Scotland on the Union Roll, and that they were not disposed to recommend that any order should be made on the petition of the Earl of Mar and Kellie, it is incumbent on this House to rescind their order of 26th Feb- ruary 1875. This was carried by 48 to 41. The order of 26th February 1875, referred to, instructed the Lord Clerk-Register to “call the title of the Earl of Mar according to its place on the Roll of Peers of Scotland called at such election (of Representative Peers), and receive and count the vote of the Earl of Mar claiming to vote in right of the said earldom, and permit him to take part in the proceedings of such election. On 1st July, Lord Galloway’s motion, rescinding (in accordance with their Lordships’ resolution of 14th June 1880) the order of 26th February 1875, and ordering intimation thereof to be made to the Lord Clerk- Register, was lost by 80 to 52 votes. 16 . The King of the Hellenes visited Guild- hall, accompanied by the Prince and Princess of Wales, to receive the freedom of the City and an address. 18 . — A protest forwarded to the Powers by the Albanian delegates at Dulcigno against any cession of Albanian territory, more espe- cially Janina, Arta, and Previsa, to Greece; declaring at the same time that, rather than submit, they would rise as. one man against the alienation of their native soil, and, if need be, die with their wives and children. — A despateh from Baron Haymerle to the Powers stated that the proposal to hand over Dulcigno to Montenegro had emanated from England, and, having been favourably received by Austria, had been submitted to the other Cabinets. — In the House of Commons, Sir Wilfrid Lawson, for the first time, succeeds in o! tain- ing a majority on his Local Option Resolution, the numbers being 229 to 203. — A large meeting held in Exeter Hall to protest against the appointment of a Roman Catholic to the Viceroyalty of India. 22. — Conclusion of debate regarding the admission of Mr. Bradlaugh. Mr. Gladstone 1337 JUNE 1880 • JULY said the Government believed that the law as it stood was perfectly sufficient to deal with the case of Mr. Bradlaugh, and those who thought otherwise might propose legisla- tion if they chose. His personal and individual opinion was that the House had no jurisdiction at all in this matter. The debate was continued at great length, and towards its close Sir Staf- ford Northcote criticised the conduct of the Government, to the weakness of which he attributed much of the present difficulty. They appeared to wish for some means of admitting Mr. Bradlaugh to the House, and yet had not the courage to express that desire boldly. On a division, Mr. Labouchere’s motion was rejected by 275 to 230. The amendment of Sir Hardinge Giffard declaring that Mr. Brad- laugh should not be allowed either to affirm or take the oath was then declared carried. 24 . — In the House of Commons, Mr. Bradlaugh presents himself to take the oath, notwithstanding the decision which the House arrived at two nights since. The Speaker intimated that decision, and called on the hon. gentleman to withdraw. Mr. Bradlaugh asked to be heard, and on the motion of Mr. Labou- chere permission was granted. The hon. gentleman then addressed the House at con- siderable length. When he had again left the House, Mr. Labouchere moved that the resolution of a previous evening be rescinded, but on Mr. Gladstone showing that such a course would be useless, he did not press his motion. Mr. Bradlaugh was then summoned and informed by the Speaker that there were no further orders from the House beyond that he should withdraw. This the hon. gentleman firmly refused to do, and after an exciting scene, in which Sir Stafford Northcote took the initiative, the member for Northampton was taken into custody by the Sergeant-at- Arms and conveyed to the Clock Tower, where he remained for two days, till liberated on the motion of Sir Stafford Northcote. — The Duke and Duchess of Connaught formally open, in name of the Queen, a great extension of Victoria Dock, the new part to be called the Royal Albert Dock, the old part the Royal Victoria Dock. Their Royal Highnesses also opened a new recreation ground in Whitechapel on the same day. 25 . — Mrs. Rivington, wife of a former partner in the firm of Messrs. Rivington, London, killed in the Tete Noire Pass in Switzerland, the horses of the carriage in which she was seated with Mr. Rivington having shied and precipitated the carriage over a cliff. Mr. Rivington was severely but not fatally injured. — The writ of error in the Tichborne case disposed of in the Court of Appeal. Lord Justice James, with whom Lords Justices Bramwell and Brett concurred, held that the writ of error had been imprudently granted by the late Attorney-General, and that two sen- 1333 tences of seven years’ penal servitude had been rightly inflicted for two offences of perjury. The claimant will therefore remain in penal servitude for the rest of his term. Sentence was pronounced February- 28, 1874. — Sarah Bernhardt condemned to pay 4,000/. costs and damages for breach of en- gagement with the Comedie Fran^aise. 26 . — The Prince and Princess of Wales open the bridges of Wandsworth, Putney, and Hammersmith, the last of the Metropolitan bridges remaining to be freed from toll. The bridges were bought by the ratepayers, the amount, as stated by Sir James M‘Garel Hogg, being £1,377, 325. 28 . —Extraordinary affray at Glen Rowan between the Melbourne police and the Kelly gang of bushrangers, long a source of terror to the district. The whole gang shot, with the exception of the captain, who was hanged at Melbourne, nth Nov. 29 . — The excursion steamer Seawauhaka , carrying 300 passengers, burnt, after the burst- ing of a boiler-tube, off College Point, Long Island Sound, New York, with the loss of fifty lives. r !hat this number was not greatly in- creased was due to the gallant behaviour of the captain, who stuck to the wheel until the pilot- house was on fire, when the spokes became so hot that he could only now and then touch them, to keep the vessel’s head to the shore. When she grounded he jumped ashore, and was carried to the hospital, exhausted and severely burnt. — Annexation of Tahiti to France. The French Government had exercised a protecto- rate over it for some 40 years. 30 . — Expulsion of the Jesuits from their establishments throughout France took place this morning amid intense excitement, though there was no organised attempt at violent opposition. In most places the fathers insisted upon force being used (in a formal manner) for their removal, and in several instances they locked the cell doors, which had to be opened by locksmiths. — Centenary of the foundation of Sunday Schools at Gloucester by Rev. J. Stock and Robert Raikes celebrated in various parts of England. — Died, aged 79, Lord Belper, a member of Lord Aberdeen’s Ministry, 1*52-54. • — - Died, aged 62, General Lord George Augustus Frederick Paget, K.C.B., com- mander of the 4th Dragoons at Alma and in the Balaclava charge. July 1. — In the House of Commons Mr. Gladstone submits a motion which proposes to permit every person returned to the House to make an affirmation instead of taking the oath, if he should claim to do so. Sir Stafford Northcote proposed an amendment to the JULY 1880 TUL Y effect that the House could not adopt a reso- lution which virtually rescinds that adopted on 22nd ult. On a division Mr. Gladstone’s resolution was carried by 303 to 249. — Final sitting of the Berlin Conference takes place to-day, and the frontiers of Turkey rectified. It was significant that the same telegram which announced this fact also stated that the Albanian League had garrisoned Dulcigno with 600 men, the Turkish garrison having been withdrawn to Scutari ; and also that the Turkish Foreign Secretary had in- formed the ambassadors of the Powers that the Porte could not consent to the cession of Dulcigno to Montenegro. 2 . — The Siamese Embassy wait upon the Queen at Windsor, and present Her Majesty with the Order of the White Elephant. — - Mr. Bradlaugh having made affirmation gave his first vote in the House of Commons at the morning sitting, and was immediately afterwards served with a writ concluding for a forfeiture of J 5 °°‘ 3 . — Report of the Board of Trade inquiry into the Tay Bridge disaster published. From this document it appeared that the evidence had led Mr. Rothery and his colleagues to the conclusion that the bridge was badly designed, badly constructed, and badly maintained, and that its downfall was due to inherent defects in the structure, whiefi must sooner or later have brought it down. Mr, Rothery’s col- leagues thought that their duty was simply to report the causes of, and the circumstances attending the casualty, and not to say with whom rested the responsibility. Mr. Rothery himself, however, thought that it was distinctly the business of the Court to say who was to blame, and had no hesitation in laying the chief responsibility upon Sir Thomas Bouch, the engineer, — Duke’s Theatre, Holborn, destroyed by fire. — Mr. Clark’s Vandnara , scores another victory in a race from Dover to Cowes. 5. — Extraordinary explosion of gas, com- pletely wrecking a great part of Percy Street and Charlotte Street, Tottenham Court Road. For some time the workmen of the Chartered Gas Company had been laying down a new service of pipes from the Bloomsbury district across Tottenham Court Road. The men were engaged at about half-past six this evening in cutting out the joint of the main pipe, when in some manner the mixture of gas and atmo- spheric air exploded, killing two men, one of whom was actually blown some distance down the main pipe. After the first explosion a series of others occurred, at distances of about thirty or forty yards, along Percy Street and Charlotte Street, bursting up the roadway and pavements, smashing railings and areas, and bombarding the houses with stones and granite 1339 cubes. The two streets looked very much as if they had been exposed to the fire of shell, and an immense amount of damage was done. Strange to say, only two persons were killed — the workmen already mentioned — and not more than a dozen seriously injured. 6. — Died, aged 66, Pierce Egan, novelist and artist, son of the author of “Life in London.” — The Emperor of Russia’s new yacht Liva- dia launched from the yard of Messrs. Elder and Company, at Fairfield, Glasgow, in presence of the Grand Duke Alexis, the christening ceremony being . performed by the Duchess of Hamilton. The Livadia is of peculiar con- struction. With a length of 235 feet, she has a breadth of 153, and a draft of only 6 feet 6 inches. On the turbot-shaped lower part of the vessel, composed of steel with a double bottom, and containing the machinery, coals, and stores, is erected a palace, the description of which is more like one of the wild fancies of the Arabian Nights than that of a com- mon sea-going ship. The Livadia was safely removed from Messrs. Elder’s dock to the anchorage off Greenock on the 6th of Octo- ber, the whole of the traffic on the Clyde having to be stopped to give her room to pass. At the trial of her machinery a speed of six- teen knots was obtained, with 12,383 indicated horse-power. It was, however, afterwards sug- gested that the extraordinary power of the engines would prove a severe strain on the frame even of so strong a ship as the Livadia. In crossing the Bay of Biscay on her way to the Black Sea, the Livadia encountered severe weather and heavy seas. Presumably by col- lision with some floating wreckage, the large flat bottom of the ship was damaged, six out of the 106 water-tight compartments into which she is divided being injured. The huge yacht put into Ferrol for repairs. 8 . — The Marquis of Lansdowne, Under- secretary for India retires from the new Minis- try through difference of opinion concerning the Irish Compensation Bill. 9 . — Amnesty Bill passed in the French Senate by 176 to 98 votes.. Next day con- victed Communists were invested with all civil and political rights. 10. — Died, aged 63, Tom Taylor, editor of Punch , dramatist, and art critic. 13 . — The following General Order to the Volunteers issued from the Horse Guards to- day : “His Royal Highness the Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief has received the Queen’s commands to convey to the Volunteers of Great Britain Her Majesty’s congratulations on the completion of the twenty-first year of the exist- ence of the force. The Queen has watched with much interest the steady progress of the force since its formation ; and its present numerical strength, high training, and discipline have dd * JULY i83o JULY elicited Iler Majesty’s unqualified satisfaction. While regretting that it had not been found possible to hold a review this year, the Queen hopes that an opportunity may present itself at no distant period which will permit Her Majesty to inspect the Volunteers in Windsor Great Park. By command. H. Ellice, A.C.” 14 -. — ’Grand review of “regulars,” by Her Majesty in Windsor Great Park. The troops from Aldershot, which had encamped at Chob- ham and Ascot, after a march, arrived at mid- day, and halted about half a mile from the review ground. They came on the ground about four o’clock with the cavalry, who had encamped in the park on the previous night. Several heavy showers of rain fell during the day, but there was nevertheless an immense concourse of spectators on foot and in carriages. The Prince and Princess of Wales, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, Prince and Princess Christian, and the Duke of Cambridge, with their suites, arrived on the ground shortly before the Queen. On ITer Majesty’s arrival a royal salute was fired. The review then commenced, and the troops marched past and advanced in columns. Sir Daniel Lysons was in command. The whole force reviewed num- bered about 10,000 men. Next day Her Majesty inspected the 2nd Life Guards and Royal Horse Guards. 15 . — A disastrous colliery explosion, in- volving the loss of 1 19 lives, took place about half-past one o’clock this morning at Risca Colliery. The pit belongs to the London and South Wales Colliery Company, and is situated about six miles from Abercarne and Newport, Monmouthshire. The coal is the well-known black vein steam coal, and the workings lie at a depth of 280 yards. All was reported well when the day shift left work at 10 o’clock on Wednesday night, and a shift of 119 men descended to repair the pit, remove falls, and so forth. A little after one o’clock in the morning two men came to the bank, and their ascent was almost immediately followed by a terrific explosion. A statement regarding the disaster was made in the House of Commons by Sir W. Harcourt, who intimated that the Home Office would be represented at the in- quest. 16 . — Resolution carried in the Commons that the erection of a monument to the Prince Imperial in Westminster Abbey would be inconsistent with the national character of the edifice. The Committee seeking to pro- mote the erection of such a memorial thereupon withdrew their proposal, and Dean Stanley in expressing his assent wrote that the accept- ance of the offer by the sovereign as “ Visitor” of the whole Institution was in response to a feeling of universal sympathy “which at the time I believed to be permanent, and which I still believe to have been genuine.” Many other interments in the Abbey, added the Dean, have provoked discussion and even I3P difference of opinion, yet the kindly feeling manifested on the present occasion stood out in marked contrast to “persistent misrepresenta- tion and savage menaces.” — Memorial fountain to Janet Hamilton, poetess, unveiled at Coatbridge. — Foundation stone of the new Hospital for Women in Fulham Road, Chelsea, laid by the Prince and Princess of Wales. 17 . — The Khedive signs the new law of liquidation. It consists of 99 articles, and is divided into five sections — namely, the Con- solidated Debt, the Daira Sanieh, the Non- Consolidated or Floating Debt, the Moukaba- lah and, finally, the general provisions. IS. — Died, aged 64, Sir Cecil Beadon, K.C.S.I., Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, 1862-7. 20 . — Died, aged 71, Admiral George Maule-Ramsay, 12th Earl of Dalhousie. His Lordship entered the Navy at the early age of eleven, and served for nearly fifty years. — The remuneration of the liquidators of the City of Glasgow Bank decided in the Court of Session at the rate of three-eighths per cent, on ;£7>376 >ooo, the ordinary debts, and at one- half per cent, on .£931,274, the amount paid during the closing period of the liquidation. 21. — At the Manchester Assizes, the trial of the directors and officers of the Northern Counties of England Fire Insurance Company (Limited), for conspiring to defraud, which had lasted seven days, was concluded. All the prisoners, except one of the directors named Smith, and Cunliffe the accountant, were con- victed — the chairman and four of the directors being sentenced to six months’ imprisonment with hard labour, the auditor to twelve, and the general manager, who was described by Lord Justice Bramwell (who tried the case) as having been at the bottom of the whole mis- chief, to eighteen. — A shaft of the tunnel being constructed under the Hudson River, from Jersey City, falls in, burying 22 men. — The Queen grants a site in Windsor Chapel for a monument to the Prince Imperial. 22. — Abdul Rahman Khan receives formal recognition qs the new Ameer of Afghanistan in room of Yakoob Khan. At the durbar held to-day, Thursday, at Sherpur, outside Cabul, the principal chiefs and sirdars of the capital and the neighbourhood attended, and a depu- tation was present on the part of Abdul Rahman. Mr. Griffern, on behalf of the Queen Empress, publicly acknowledged Abdul as Ameer of Afghanistan, and announced the early withdrawal of our troops within the frontier fixed by the Treaty of Gundamuk. 23 . — At the Wimbledon Meeting to-day, Private Runtz, of the London Rifle Brigade, acting upon information supplied by Sergeant JULY 1880 AUGUST Sage, of the Tower Hamlets, presented himself before the Council, and stated that he had ascertained some of the men employed as markers to be corrupt, he having himself arranged that in shooting for a certain prize he should be credited with a score of 46 points, whether he had actually obtained them or not. Finding it necessary at once to investigate so direct a charge, the Council deputed one of their body, Mr. A. P. Humphrey, of Cam- bridge University, to watch Private Runtz’s shooting, and the manner in which it was scored. The result was that Mr. Runtz was credited with the identical 46 for which, as he stated, he had arranged. The investigation which was set on foot culminated in a court martial on the sergeant of Marines who had been in charge of the targets in question. The proceedings were unusually long and diffuse. The accused sergeant was on the 16th of Sep- tember acquitted, but the system was emphati- cally condemned, for, although the Court were not satisfied with the guilt of the man actually before them, it was perfectly clear that a system of fraudulent marking had been for some time in active operation at the Wimbledon Meeting. On the 28th of October the thanks of the National Rifle Association were conveyed to Sergeant Sage and Private Runtz for their action in this matter ; and on the 3rd December new marking regulations were issued. — Died, aged 56, Joseph Dawson, trainer of race-horses. 26 . — Whitechapel Church burnt down. It had been rebuilt three years before at a cost of ^70,000. 27 . — St. Stephen’s Green, which had been laid out as a public park for the citizens of Dublin by Lord Ardilaun, at a cost of ^20,000, thrown open. There was no special ceremony, the gates being simply unlocked by his Lord- ship. — Defeat of the British forces in Afghanistan. About a fortnight ago the infantry under Shere Ali mutinied, and being pursued by General Burrows were completely dispersed with con- siderable loss. Since then Ayoob Khan reached the Helmund, which was easily ford- able at all points, and General Burrows removed his camp to what was considered a safer position about 30 miles from the river in the direction of Carilahar. The engagement, afterwards known as the Battle of Maiwand, was fought near a place called Khushk-i- nakhud, and after our troops had suffered severely from the enemy’s artillery fire, with which Burrows’s six guns were quite unable to cope, an advance of cavalry and a wild charge of Ghazis broke up the Bombay Native In- fantry (Jacob’s Rifles), who fell back in disorder on the 66th Regiment. All regular formation being presently lost, and our cavalry but in- effectively handled, it was not long, although the 66th fought magnificently, before the dis- AA 2 order degenerated into defeat, and defeat into rout. The remains of the force succeeded in getting into Candahar the following afternoon, and Ayoub, following them up as closely as his losses, which were also very serious, would allow, laid siege to General Primrose, who, on the first news of the battle, had withdrawn his troops into the citadel. The return of killed and wounded, published in The London Gazette , showed the following list of casualties in this disastrous affair as: — Europeans killed — officers, 20 ; non-commissioned officers and men, 290. Wounded — officers, 8 ; non- commissioned officers and men, 42. Europeans missing — officer, 1 ; non-commissioned officers and men, 6. Natives killed — officers, 11 ; non-commissioned officers and men, 643. Wounded — officers, 9 ; non-commissioned offi- cers and men, 109. Followers — killed, 331 ; wounded, 7 ; 201 horses were killed and 68 wounded. 29 . — Decided by the Master of the Rolls in the Chancery Division of the High Court of Jus- tice the case of the Emma Mining Company v. Grant. The plaintiffs here moved for judgment for leave to prove in the liquidation of Mr. Albert Grant’s affairs for a sum of ^100, oco, which had been awarded to them in February, 1879 ; and also for personal judgment against him for the amount, on the ground that his discharge under the Bankruptcy Act did not absolve him from any debts contracted by fraud or breach of trust, which it was con- tended this was. The ,£100,000 in question was the half-share of the commission which Grant had divided with the vendors of the mine without knowledge of the purchasers. His Lordship was clear that the transaction was fraudulent in its nature, and accordingly gave judgment as prayed. 31 . — A sudden illness prevents Mr. Glad- stone attending a Cabinet Council to-day. August 2. — Lord Kimberley, in the House of Lords, announces that the Govern- ment intend to recall Sir Bartle Frere, on the ground that, the Cape Parliament having come to a decision adverse to the proposed Confer- ence, there is no occasion to continue his services. — Died, aged 87, General Sir John Bloom- field, G.C.B., a Peninsular and Waterloo veteran. — The unexpected confinement of Mr. Glad- stone for a day or two to his house followed by rumours of serious illness excites an amount of attention and sympathy unequalled, at least in the Metropolis, since the Prince of Wales was laid down at Sandringham, Dec. 1871. On being called in to-day Sir Andrew Clark pronounced his patient to be suffering from fever with slight congestion on the base of the left lung. It did not pass without kindly recognition that the chiefs of the Opposition were among the first to express sympathy by I 34 i AUGUST 1880 AUGUST calling at the official residence in Downing Street where the Prime Minister was lying. In a few days the illness took a favourable turn, and the patient made rapid progress towards recovery. During Mr. Gladstone’s absence the leadership of the House devolved upon Lord Hartington. 3 . — In the House of Lords, the adjourned debate on the Compensation for Disturbance Bill was resumed, with the result that the Government was defeated, and the Bill thrown out by the large majority of 282 to 51. — Prince of Wales’s cutter Formosa wins the Queen’s Cup in the R. Y. S. Regatta. 5 . — Died, aged 76, Mr. W. H. G. Kingston, author of many excellent books for boys. — Died, aged 73, Thomas Henry Wyatt, architect. — Died, aged 86, Hyacinthe Firmin-Didot, a French printer and publisher of wide repute. 6 . — Sir Hercules Robinson, Governor of New Zealand, selected to succeed Sir Bartle Frere as Governor at the Cape. The appoint- ment thus vacated was conferred upon Sir Arthur Gordon, then Governor of Fiji. 7 . — Additional troops sent to Ireland for the preservation of order. The force consisted of 820 rank and file of the Royal Marines, besides officers and non-commissioned officers. — Dr. Tanner, of New York, who had undertaken to fast for forty days, completes his self-imposed penance in that city to-day. — Died, aged 72, Sir Peter George Fitz- gerald, “ Knight of Kerry.” 8. — A wild attempt at assassination occurs in Ireland to-day (Sunday) on the Waterford road, near New Ross. Mr. Boyd, landowner, was driving with his two sons and a nephew, Charles, Gradwell, and Evans, when four men, disguised and armed with breech-loading rifles with bayonets fixed, jumped over a ditch and fired a volley. Mr.. Boyd and Mr. Evans Boyd were severely and Mr. Charles Boyd mortally wounded, Mr. Gradwell Boyd being more fortunate in escaping almost unhurt. The horse bolted with Mr. Boyd and Mr. Charles Boyd, who had fallen insensible in the carriage, and Mr. Gradwell and Mr. Evans Boyd had to run for their lives. Four men and a woman, tenants of Mr. Boyd, were arrested and charged with the murder, Mr. Charles Boyd having died on Monday after- noon ; but at the inquest the jury found that there was no evidence to show who inflicted the wounds which caused the unfortunate gentleman’s death, and they were liberated. Two brothers, named Walter and John Phelan, were subsequently apprehended on suspicion of being implicated in the murder, and com- mitted by the magistrate on the 31st of August. Their trial was fixed to take place at the Water- ford Assizes, in December. On the application of the Solicitor-General, however, supported 1342 as it was by affidavits, Mr. Justice Barry post- poned the trial until the spring assizes, refusing to accept bail for the prisoners. The affidavits on which the Solicitor-General relied, went to show that, in the state of terrorism and intimi- dation into which Ireland had by this time sunk, it would be very difficult, if not abso- lutely impossible, to get a jury with sufficient courage to do their duty. 10. — Accident to the “Flying Scotchman ” at Marshall’s Meadows, near Berwick, caused by the train leaving the rails when rounding a curve. The driver, fireman, and one passenger, a railway guard, were killed. On the following day a similar accident occurred on the Mid- land line at Wennington, near Skipton, in which seven persons were killed and twenty injured. 11. — An alarming report received from Lloyd’s agent at Aden, to the effect that the steamer Jeddah, from Singapore, bound to Jeddah, with one thousand pilgrims on board, had foundered at sea off Cape Guardafui, and that all on board had perished with the excep- tion of the captain and some of his officers. Happily the report proved erroneous. It seems that the captain and his officers abandoned the ship, and having been picked up by the steamer Scindia, were landed at Aden, where they spread the news of the loss of the ship. A few hours later, however, the Jeddah was towed into Aden by the steamer Anterior with all the pilgrims on board. 12 . — Between one and two o’clock this morning, the Juno, a full-rigged ship, was boarded in Passage Docks, seven and a-half miles from Cork, by five or six boats contain- ing about sixty men. The Juno was outward bound from Antwerp to New York, and had among a general cargo forty cases of arms. The men secured the captain and revenue officer, and confined them in the cabin, after which they took forty rifles and rowed away. No alarm was raised, and a considerable time elapsed before the news reached Cork, the telegraph wires having been cut by the robbers. A letter was afterwards received by the captain stating that the robbery was made in the belief that the rifles were breechloaders, and that the gang were much disappointed on discovering their mistake. 13 . — Lord Eldon’s residence at Encombe, Dorset, robbed of jewellery valued at ,£15,000. 14 . — Serious rioting connected with a Home Rule demonstration in Glasgow. 15 . — Died, aged only 30, Lilian Adelaide Neilson, actress. 16 . — Died, aged 95, Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, K.G., who entered diplomatic life so long ago as 1808, memorable for the promi- nent part he played while Ambassador at Constantinople in the negotiations preceding the Crimean war. 4UGUS7 88o SEPTEMBER 16 . — The fiftieth anniversary of Belgian Independence celebrated at Brussels amid great rejoicing. 18 . — Died, at Bergen, his native place, Ole Bull, violinist, aged 70. 20. — Died, aged 74, Ellen Kean (Tree), actress, widow of Charles John Kean. 22. — Her Majesty, accompanied by the Prince and Princess of Wales, visits the troop- ship Jumna , lying at Portsmouth, ready to sail with reinforcements for Afghanistan. 23 . — Telegrams published to-day contain farther news from Afghanistan, General Roberts being reported by the natives to have passed Ghuzni unopposed, though at what date is not stated. The General and his troops left Cabul on Saturday morning the 7th inst., and when last heard of, on the 10th, they had reached Zargun in the Logar Valley. — Died, at Beeston, Nottingham, aged 69, William Thompson, the once famous “Ben- digo ” of the prize ring ; latterly a revival preacher. — Stormy discussion in the Commons, the Chief Secretary for Ireland (Mr. Forster) being called upon to defend his statement that Mr. Dillon’s speech at Kildare qualifying insurrection and even outrages on dumb animals, manifested “a wickedness only equalled by its cowardice.” Next day dissatis- faction of a passing kind broke out among Ministerial supporters by a declaration from Mr. Forster that while the Government was determined to maintain order in Ireland, it would at the same time discountenance any attempt on the part of Irish landlords to presume upon official power, in support of unjust pro- ceedings. 24 . — Died at Brussels, aged 65, W. B. Hodgson, Professor of Political Economy, Edinburgh University. 25 . — Meeting of the British Association at Swansea, when Professor Allman retired from the President’s chair at the conclusion of his year of office, and was succeeded by Professor Ramsay, who delivered his inaugural address, confining himself to the science of geology. 26 . — The second Collective Note of the Powers to the Porte, insisting that the decision of the Berlin Conference on the Greek frontier question should be carried out without dis- cussion or modification, presented to-day. — Mr. Gladstone embarked, a guest of Mr. Donald Currie, on board the Grantully Castle , for a tour round Great Britain to recruit his health. 27 . — The sitting of the House of Commons, which began on Thursday afternoon at four o’clock, terminates only at one o’clock this (Friday) afternoon. The discussion, which began on the Irish constabulary vote in Com- mittee of Supply, degenerated to a protracted wrangle, diversified by a large number of divisions on alternate motions that the chair- man leave the chair, and that he report pro- gress. Eventually an arrangement was come to, the Government consenting to give another evening sitting to the discussion on the esti- mates, on the understanding that it would then be brought to a close. On the suggestion of Mr. Parnell, it was agreed to take the other estimates at the evening sitting, and progress was reported. The Savings Banks (No. 1) Bill was read a third time before the sitting was brought to a close. The House — after little more than one hour’s adjournment— resumed at a quarter-past two o’clock. 29 . — Fierce hurricane passed over the Ber- muda Islands, destroying churches, houses, and crops. 31 . — The appointment of the Right Hon. W. P. Adam, M.P., First Commissioner of Works, to succeed the Duke of Buckingham as Governor of Madras, approved by the Queen. September 1 . — General Roberts, notwith- standing that he had completed his 320 miles’ march only yesterday, gives battle to Ayoob Khan. Shortly after nine o’clock the first brigade advanced to the attack of an elevated village, which was strongly held by the enemy, who were gallantly cleared out by the 92nd Highlanders and the 2nd Ghoorkas. The two brigades then pushed on through orchards and enclosures, gradually driving the enemy before them, until they made a great stand at the village of Pir-Paimail. General Roberts’s men, however, were not to be denied ; the village was soon in their hands. All was now over, and by twelve o’clock Ayoob’s army was in full flight, and his camp and twenty-seven guns, including those taken from us at Mai- wand, were captured. Our loss in killed and wounded was 248 — the former including Lieutenant-Colonel Brownlow, who fell at the bead of the 72nd Highlanders ; while among the latter was Lieutenant-Colonel Battye, of the 2nd Ghoorkas. The enemy’s loss was very severe, being estimated at quite 2,000. Just before the British troops dashed into the camp, Lieutenant Hector Maclaine, of the Royal Horse Artillery, who had been a prisoner in Ayoob’s hands since the Battle of Maiwand, was murdered by his guards. After the battle, officially known as the battle of Candahar, Ayoob Khan, accompanied by only a few followers, fled to Herat. — Seizure by the French Government of the educational institutions of the Jesuits. 3 . — An Irade authorizing the immediate surrender of Dulcigno to Montenegro issued by the Sultan. 7 . — Parliament prorogued by commission until the 24th November. 1343 SEPTEMBER l88o SEPTEMBER 8 . — A disastrous railway accident near Paisley, on the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Line. The 4 p.m. Caledonian train, from Glasgow to Greenock, when going along at full speed, dashed into a mineral train standing on the line. The engine was forced back on the guard's van, which was smashed, and the next four carriages were telescoped, the guard and five passengers being killed, and twelve passengers injured. How the mineral train came to be in the way was a mystery, as the line had been signalled clear, until the signal- man, who was taken into custody, admitted that it was entirely attributable to an error he had made in working the signal handles in his cabin. Major Marindin, in his report, laid the entire blame of the accident on the signal- man Eyring, but pointed out that at the time the man had been on duty for ten consecutive hours, his whole term of duty being twelve hours. — Terrible explosion, involving the loss of about 160 lives, occurs at Seaham Colliery, near Durham, the property of the Marquis of Londonderry. Early in the morning a tremendous concussion was felt throughout the immediate district, and those in the neighbourhood were awoke by aloud explosion. Both shafts being blocked and filled up with ruin, a long and anxious time elapsed before access could be got to the pit, and it was not until half-past twelve that Mr. Stratton, the resident viewer, was able to descend the upcast shaft with two workmen, and to open commu- nication with the men in the main coal-seam, who were found to be still alive. By slow degrees these were brought to bank, numbering in all sixty-seven ; the remainder of the men were lost. The explosion was followed by several fires in the pit, but they were got under in the course of a day or two. 10. — The nailmakers in the Stafford and Worcester districts, to the number of 28,000, strike work. The movement collapsed on the 13th. 11 . — Accident at Nine Elms Station on the London and South Western Railway. An engine, which left Waterloo Station at five minutes to ten on Saturday night for the loco- motive depot at Nine Elms, was standing at that station on the main down line, when the pointsman, forgetting that he had not passed the engine into the yard, signalled the line clear for the ordinary ten o’clock train from Waterloo for Hampton Court. Coming up at consider- able speed, the passenger train ran into the engine. Both engines were thrown off the metals, and the first carriage of the Hampton Court train was smashed to atoms. Three of the passengers were killed on the spot, as well as the fireman of the train. Thirty of the passengers were more or less injured, and twelve of them had to be conveyed to St. Thomas’s Hospital. 1344 12. — The Queen of Spain gives birth to a daughter. 13 . — Discovery made this morning of a supposed attempt to blow up a train on the London and North-Western Railway at Bushy Station, about sixteen miles from Euston. 14 . — Prince Albert Victor and Prince George embark at Portsmouth for a twelve months’ cruise on the Bacchante. 15 . — Henry Perry sentenced by Mr. Justice Stephen to 30 lashes of the cat- o’ -nine -toils and 20 years’ penal servitude, for assaulting and robbing Clarence Lewis in a carriage of the Metropolitan Railway. 17 , — Died at Brighton, aged 84, Lord Chief Baron Sir Fitzroy Kelly, Attorney- General in Lord Derby’s second Ministry (1858), and engaged in most of the great law cases, civil and criminal, between 1828 and 1866, when he succeeded Sir Frederick Pol- lock as Chief Baron of Exchequer. 19 . — Mr. Parnell explains and defends Boy- cotting. Speaking at Ennis, he asked, “ Now what are you to do to a tenant who bids for a farm from which his neighbour has been evicted ? (Various shouts, among which ‘ Kill him,’ ‘ Shoot him.’) Now, 1 think I heard somebody say, ‘ Shoot him,’ but I wish to point out to you a very much better way, a more Christian and a more charitable way, which would give the lost sinner an oppor- tunity of repenting. When a man takes a farm from which another has been evicted, you must show him on the roadside when you meet him ; you must show him in the streets of the town ; you must show him at the shop counter ; you must show him in the fair and in the market-place, and even in the house of worship, by leaving him severely alone, by putting him into a moral Coventry, by isolating him from the rest of his kind, as if he was a leper of old.” 22. — Died, aged 29, G. F. Grace, one of three celebrated brother cricketers. 23 . — Died, aged 69, Miss Geraldine Jews- bury, well known in her earlier years as a writer of fiction. — Return of the Franklin search expedition, under the command of Lieutenant Schwatka, having discovered relics of Sir John Franklin’s Erebtis and Terror expedition, although its records could not, and, in Lieutenant Sch- watka’s opinion never would be found. Lieutenant Schwatka’s party followed the track of the crews of the Erebus and Terror on their disastrous retreat to Back’s River, and burnt or buried all the remains of the ill-fated men which they found above ground. Among the most notable exploits of Lieutenant Schwatka’s men was a sledge journey of eleven months, over 2,819 miles, during sixteen days SEPTEMBER 1880 OCTOBER of which the average temperature was ioo° below freezing point. The party brought away a portion of the remains of Lieutenant John Irving, third officer of the Terror. 24 . — A fire broke out at the Post Office in Manchester, doing much damage, and inter- rupting telegraphic communications for many hours. 25 . — Murder of Lord Mountmorres at Rusheen, near Ballinrobe. He had been in Clonbur to make some purchases, and left that town to return to his residence, Ebor Hall aboi^t eight in the evening. At nine he was found lying in the road, with six bullet wounds, any one of which would have proved fatal. H'e was carried to the house of one Hugh Flanigan, which was two or three hundred yards from the spot ; but Flanigan, although he was told that it was possible the man might still be alive, refused to grant him admission. Lord Mountmarres was a poor man, living on and by his estate, which was by no means ex- tensive, and had become unpopular owing to his unwillingness or inability to reduce rents. He was also supposed to be about to issue ejectment decrees. To these causes he un- doubtedly owed his death. If any doubt on this head could have existed, the behaviour of the peasantry to Lord Mountmorres’s unoffend- ing widow and children would effectually have set it at rest. So strictly were they “ boy- cotted/' that it was not long before they had to leave Ebor Hall, and take refuge in England, Her Majesty the Queen having placed apart- ments in Hampton Court Palace at Lady Mountmorres’s disposal. At the inquest a verdict of Wilful Murder was returned against some person or persons unknown. The state of terrorism which existed in Ireland at the time afforded but little hope that the murder would ever be discovered, and, notwithstanding that some arrests were made, and that a pro- clamation was issued by the Lord-Lieutenant, dated 29th of September, offering a reward of ,£1,000 to any person giving such information within six months, as should lead to the con- viction of the murderers, or any of them, and a free pardon to any person concerned in the murder, other than the actual murderer, in case of his giving such information as would lead to conviction, the perpetrators of the murder remained undiscovered. 38 . — The cottage in which the Poet Burns was born purchased by the Ayr Burns Monu- ment Trustees to be converted into a museum of relics of the poet. 29 .— At Castellamare the Italia , the largest ironclad afloat, launched in the presence of King Humbert and many high officers of state, and amidst great public rejoicing. It was stated that much satisfaction was given by the presence at the launch of the English ironclads Thunderer and Monarch , which had come over from their station purposely to be present. 29 . — The Australian Cricketers complete with their matcli at the Crystal Palace to-day the tour which they began on the 13th of May. Thirty-seven matches had been played by them, of which they won twenty-one and lost four, the remainder being draws. October 1 . — International Exhibition opened in Melbourne, Victoria, by his Ex- cellency the Marquis ofNormanby, Governor of the Colony. — Died, at Ferryden, near Montrose, in his 95th year, James Coull, who steered the Shannon into action with the Chesapeake in Boston Harbour on the 1st June, 1813. — New Science College at Birmingham, built by Sir Josiah Mason at a cost of nearly £■200,000, opened, the inaugural address being delivered by Professor Huxley. 4. — Accident at St. Aloysius Roman Catholic Church, Ardwick, Manchester. The congregation, about 500 in number, were dis- persing, when the floor gave way, and about 100 fell through into a schoolroom beneath. One woman was killed, and twenty other per- sons injured. — -Died at Paris, aged 61, Jacques Offen- bach, composer. 6. — Freedom of the City of London con- ferred upon Sir H. Bessemer, F. R.S., “in recognition of the valuable discoveries which have so largely benefited the iron industries of this country, and his scientific attainments, which are so well known and appreciated throughout the world.” Sir LI. Bessemer and a large and distinguished party were subse- quently entertained by the Lord Mayor. ©. — Galway county “proclaimed” by the Lord Lieutenant as a disturbed district. 9 . — Dr. MacCabe, Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, issues a pastoral letter, in which he spoke in unqualified terms of reprobation of the murderous outrages which at present dis- graced Ireland, and severely condemned the leaders of the land agitation for the tacit countenance which by their silence they gave to these crimes. — Extraordinary accident to the Scotch express by the Midland route which left St. Pancras at a quarter-past nine. When approach- ing Kibworth Station, a few miles from Leicester, the driver, apprehensive that some- thing was wrong with his engine, pulled up and made an examination which convinced him that his -suspicions were unfounded. On re- starting the train, however, the driver, from some inexplicable cause, reversed the engine, the result being that the carriages were pro- pelled in a backward instead of a forward direction. Singular to say, none of the officials became aware of this fact until the train came into collision with a mineral engine and wag- gons that had been shunted on to the main 1345 OCTOBER l88o NOVEMBER line. The result was most disastrous to the passenger carriages, several of which, including the two Pullman cars, were wrecked. Five passengers were injured. 15 . — The Prince of Montenegro receives official intimation from Constantinople of the instructions given to Riza Pasha to hand over Dulcigno — a fact which was communicated by Sir F. Beauchamp Seymour to the Admirals of the various squadrons. — Completion of the Cathedral of Cologne. The Emperor and Empress of Germany, the Crown Prince and Princess, the King of Saxony and a crowd of minor Princes and Princesses assisting at the completion ceremony of the building founded in 1248. 16 . — The March Decrees respecting the non-authorised religious communities put into force throughout the whole of France, the Carmelites and others being expelled from their convents. 19 . — The greater part of the town of Chris - tiansand, including the Cathedral, destroyed by fire. 20. — Died, aged 42, Lord Justice Thesiger, third son of Lord Chancellor Chelmsford. 22 . — Shocking murders in London. A man named William Herbert shoots his sister-in-law and attempts suicide. Herbert was tried at the Central Criminal Court before Mr. Justice Hawkins on the 24th November, found guilty, and executed 13th December. Ada Shepherd, a little girl ten years of age, living at Acton, outraged, stabbed and mutilated by George Pavey. Pavey was tried at the same time as Herbert, with whom he was also executed. 23 . — Died, aged 79, at his Castle of Bro- glio, Baron Ricasoli, Italian statesman. 24 . Addressing a Meeting of Land Lea- guers in Galway Mr. Parnell spoke of Mr. Forster as “ our hypocritical Chief Secretary,” and “Buckshot Forster.” After dinner Mr. Parnell said that if Ireland appealed to Irish- men in America to aid her “in another field and in another way” she would have “their trained and organised assistance for the purpose of breaking the yoke which encircles you.” Mr. Parnell’s secretary, Mr. T. M. Healy, was arrested at Roche’s Hotel, Glengariffe, the stated charges against him being the implied justification of the attempt to murder Mr. Hutchins in speeches made at Bantry on Sun- day week and at Castletown, Berehaven, on Sunday last. Meantime, whilst reports of further prosecutions filled the air, Mr. Justin M’Carthy sends in his adhesion to the Land League. 27 . — Severe gale passed over the United Kingdom, causing a vast amount of loss to property. 28 . — Writ of imprisonment granted by Lord Penzance against the Rev. T. Pelham Dale, rector of St. Vedast’s Church, Cheapside. 1346 Mr. Dale up to this time obstinately resisted all processes issued by the Court of Arches to abstain from Ritualistic practices. 30 . — Died, at Moffat, aged 58, much affected by the calamity on his famed Tay Bridge, Sir Thomas Bouch, engineer of the structure. November 1. — The freedom and livery of the Haberdashers’ Company, presented to the Baroness Burdett Coutts, this being the first occasion on which the Company had exercised their privilege of admitting a lady. — Died at Paris, aged 54, the Comtesse de Civry, morganatic daughter of Charles, Duke of Brunswick, authoress of a life of St. Elizabeth of Hungary. 2 . — The state of Ireland induces the Gov- ernment to take steps for the vindication of the law and the restoration of order. Informa- tions were lodged this evening in the Crown Office in Dublin by the Right Hon. Hugh Law, M.P., against fourteen members of the Land League. The list of those indicted included the names of five Members of Parliament, namely : Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Joseph Gilles Biggar, Timothy Daniel Sullivan, and Thomas Sexton. In due course, the defendants were committed for trial. - — General Garfield elected President, and Mr. Arthur Vice-President of the United States by a majority over General Hancock and Mr. English, the Democrat candidates. 3 . — Died at Hartrigge House, Jedburgh, aged 78, Robert Macfarlane, Lord Ormidale, Senator of the College of Justice, Edinburgh. — Inauguration of the Mentana monument at Milan in presence of Garibaldi and an immense gathering, who gave the infirm old General a most enthusiastic welcome. — Died at Lausanne, H. J. Terry, an English artist long settled in Switzerland. 4 . — Died at Horsham, aged 87, Pilford Medwin, cousin and early companion of Shelley. 6 . — Lord Rosebery elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh University. — Trial before the St. Petersburg Military Tribunal, of sixteen Nihilist prisoners charged, amongst other crimes, with complicity in the murder of Prince Krapotkin, Governor of Kiefif, the attempt of Solovieff on the life of the Czar on the 14th of April, 1879, the at- tempt to blow up the imperial train near Mos- cow, and the explosion in the Winter Palace. On the 1 2th of November judgment was delivered, when five of the prisoners were condemned to be hanged, and the other eleven, including three women, to terms of penal servitude, varying from fifteen years upwards. It was at the same time stated that the court would recommend a modification of these sentences in some of the cases. Of those con- NOVEMBER l880 NOVEMBER demned to death, two men, named Kriatoffsky and Presnikoff, were hanged on the 16th of November. 8 . — The Memorial at Temple Bar, un- veiled by Prince Leopold, in presence of the Lord Mayor and Corporation. 9 . — At the Lord Mayor’s Banquet, Mr. Gladstone, replying to the toast of Her Majesty’s Ministers, referred almost at the outset to the state of Ireland, which, he said, pressed itself daily on the mind of every in- telligent Englishman. It would be the duty of the Government to carefully examine the condition of the Land Laws, and if they believed their provisions were insufficient they would not hesitate to Call on the Legislature again to deal with the subject. Certain influences not compatible with good government had come upon the people of Ireland, but good govern- ment must be maintained* Her Majesty’s Minister’s recognised the paramount duty of enforcing order. They looked to the law as it stood for the protection of every citizen in the enjoyment of his life and property ; but if circumstances necessitated any increase of power, which they did not anticipate, they would not shrink from doing so. — The persecution to which Captain Boy- cott, agent to the Earl of Erne, was sub- jected, had by this time reached such a point that he could get absolutely no one to assist him to gather in his crops, owing to the intimidation which was brought to bear upon the peasantry — part of the system of lawless terrorism which added the verb “ to boycott ” to the English language. Volunteers from Ulster having offered to make an expedition to Lough Mask to assist the Captain, Mr. W. E. Forster, Chief Secretary for Ireland, a mounces the intention of the Government to send a force to preserve order and to protect the harvesters. To-night a detachment of the 19th Hussars was hastily despatched from Dublin for Ballinrobe, whither also went 400 men of the 84th Regiment from the Curragh, and i^o men of the 76th Regiment from Castlebar, with Army Service Corps and Army Hospital Corps, all complete. — Died in London, aged 51, Lieutenant- Colonel Wm. Mure, of Caldwell, M.P. for Renfrewshire. 11 . — The labours of the Revisers of the Authorised Version of the New Testament, brought to a close, the company having met on 407 days. — Disorderly scene in the French Cham- ber, a small military force being called in to suppress hostile manifestations caused by M. Baudry d’Asson, a Vendean Legitimist, to the effect the present Cabinet was “ Un goveme- ment de crocheteurs. ” 12 . — A gang of convicts on Dartmoor sud- denly meeting as they were about to return to the prison, a man named Bevan, who was undergoing a sentence of twenty-five years for a brutal assault, threw his crowbar at the principal warder, Westlake, shouting, “Now, boys, help me as you promised. ” Another con- vict named Brian sprang forward to assist him, but the others, who were immediately covered by the rifles of the warders, hesitated. Bevan and Brian, seeing themselves deserted, scaled a wall and made off, but were speedily shot down, Bevan being killed on the spot, ancj. Brian dangerously wounded through the lungs. 13 . — A review held at Lahore by the Vice- roy of 10,000 troops returned from Afghani- stan. The appearance of the soldiers seemed to give the greatest satisfaction to those present, and Lord Ripon was warm in his compliments to all who had taken part in the campaign. His Excellency announced that the Queen had sanctioned the issue, in addi- tion to the Afghan war medal, of six clasps, bearing the names of the principal battles, and of a bronze star — a special decoration for those who took part in General Roberts’s march from Cabul to Candahar. — Died at Coblentz, aged 64, General von Goeben. 14 . — Died, aged 69, G. W. Tapp, a pro- lific contributor to various technical and in- dustrial publications. 15 . — John Bright, M.P., elected Lord Rector of Glasgow University by a majority in all the “nations” over Mr. Ruskin. 16 . — Severe storm, resulting in several shipwrecks. The Galatea , 1,477 tons, of Liverpool, foundered in the Atlantic ; seven men and an apprentice were saved in one of the boats, but the captain, officers, and remainder of the crew, 21 in all, were lost. The Ailsa, 632 tons, from Glasgow to Bristol, was totally lost off St. Govan’s Head, with her crew of nineteen hands and seven passengers. Heavy rains and floods were also reported from all parts of the country and many districts of France. — Canon Gregory makes a public appeal for a sum of ^2,500 to purchase a great bell of about twelve tons for St. Paul’s Cathedral. — Died at Munich, aged 78, Dr. Karl Roth, the last survivor of the Munich triad of scholars, which included Schmeller and Vollmer. 19 . — Proposal made to the Dominion Government for constructing a breakwater across the Straits of Belle Isle, and so join Newfoundland to the mainland. — Shrewsbury Town Hall destroyed by fire, many valuable relics, however, Shakspearian and others, being saved. 20. — Lord Penzance had before him the cases of the Rev. Richard William Enraght, Incumbent of Holy Trinity, Bordesley, near Birmingham, and of the Rev. Sydney Faithorn 1347 NOVEMBER 1880 DECEMBER Green, Incumbent of St. John’s, Miles Plat- ting, Manchester. Both had been suspended from their office for various offences against the Public Worship Regulation Act, and both continued the practices complained of after inhibition had issued. Lord Penzance, who had suspended judgment, now announced that he must signify to the Court of Chancery that both gentlemen were in contempt, and that their imprisonment must follow. On the 27th Mr. Enraght was taken into custody and con- veyed to Warwick Gaol, where he remained at the end of the year. Mr. Green’s case was continued. 20 . — Died at his residence in London, Sir Alexander Cockburn, Lord Chief Justice. His Lordship had been for some time suffering from disease of the heart, although no fear was entertained of immediate danger. His death, however, was very sudden, as he had been engaged in Court during the day, walked home, dined as usual, and went to bed about eleven o’clock. Immediately afterwards he was taken ill, and died before medical assistance could reach him. Sir Alexander came of an old Scottish family, and succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his uncle, the late Dean of York, who died in 18^8. He was born in 1802. — Died, aged 90, Field-Marshal Sir Charles Yorke, K. C.B., Constable of the Tower, the oldest field officer in the army, having fought both in the Peninsula, and at Waterloo. 21. — Died near Fowey, Cornwall, from the effects of a paralytic seizure, aged 69, Colonel John Whitehead Peard, better known as “ Garibaldi’s Englishman.” 23 . — Dulcigno occupied by Dervish Pasha, after some fighting with the Albanians. — Publication of the Earl of Beaconsfield’s new novel “ Endymion” and Mr. Tennyson’s “Ballads and other Poems.” — Died at his country residence in Oxford- shire, Dr. Edwin Guest, F. R.S., formerly Master of Gonville and Caius College, author of a “ History of English Rhythms.” 24 . — Disastrous collision near Spezzia, be- tween the French steamer Oncle Joseph , 823 tons, of Marseilles, and the Italian steamer Ortigia, of 1,583 tons, of Palermo. The Oncle Joseph sank immediately afterwards, and, there being no adequate means of rescue at hand, the loss of life was great, only 32 passengers and 23 of the crew being saved out of 305 on board. — Died at Torquay, aged 63, Sir Ben- jamin Collins Brodie, son of the eminent surgeon and late Professor of Chemistry in the University of Oxford. 25 . — Lieutenant W. R. L. Heyland, of PI.M.S. Minotaur , drowned while rescuing a seaman who had been washed overboard. 1348 25 . — Sir Theodore Martin elected Rector of St. Andrew’s University by a majority of votes over Dr. Freeman, historian. 26 . — The Boycott relief party having ac- complished its mission, leaves Lough Mask. 27 . — Died, aged 62, Mark Firth, of Shef- field, to which town he was a most munificent benefactor. 23 . — Slight but veiy perceptible earthquake shocks experienced in the Inverary district of Argyllshire. 30 . — A telegram from Adelaide reports the murder by natives, of Lieutenant Bower and five seamen, of H.M.S. Sandfly , whilst on a surveying expedition at the Solomon Islands, and that Sub-Lieutenant Bradford had landed and recovered the bodies, after- wards burning the village. — Heine’s “ Schloss Legende,” first pub- lished forty years since, suppressed in Berlin on the ground of inculcating Socialistic doc- trines. — Died at Cologne, Herr Wilhelm Schulze, conductor of the “ Cologne Gazette.” December 1. — Lord Coleridge takes his seat as Lord Chief Justice of England. 3 . — Arguments in the case of the Attor- ney-General v. the Edison Telephone Com- pany concluded to-day, before Baron Pollock and Mr. Justice Stephen, sitting in banco in the Exchequer Division. The contention of the Attorney-General was that a message sent through a telephone was in fact a message transmitted along a wire by electricity, and that the use of the telephone was consequently an infringement of the monopoly which had been granted to the Government by the Act under which the telegraphs had been bought up by the Post Office. The arguments, which had continued for several days, were illustrated by various scientific experiments, and their lordships, in postponing judgment, thanked the learned counsel for their assistance. On the 20th of December their lordships gave judgment in favour of the Government, being of opinion that the Attorney-General had made out his case. ©.■ — Died, aged 70, Sir James Colville, F. R. S., senior I.ord of Appeal in Judicial Committee of Privy Council, and of high repute as an Indian jurist. — Renewal of diplomatic relations between France and Mexico, which had been suspended since the execution of the Emperor Maxi- milian. 8. — Lilley(Free Church clergyman) divorce case heard in Court of Session. — An Irish bailiff named Mulholland, en- gaged in serving writs, shot dead by Gormley, a small farmer, at Loughfay, near Cookstown. DECEMBER 1880 DECEMBER 10. — A serious explosion in the Naval Steam Coal Colliery, near Pen-y-graig, Rhondda Valley, the report being so violent as to be heard in a village four miles off, while a banks- man at the top of the downcast shaft was stunned and severely cut and bruised. At least eighty-four men were killed, the bodies being terribly burnt and mutilated, so much so, indeed, that many workmen could only be identified by their boots. - — In addressing the grand jury at Galway, Baron Dowse gives a lengthy account of the statistics of crime in the province of Connaught during the last four months, as shown by the police returns. In the five counties there were 698 indictable offences, but only 39 of these come before the court, all the other cases having for the present fallen through for want of evidence. The charges were divided as follows among the counties : — Galway, 291 ; Mayo, 236 ; Leitrim, 75 ; Sligo, 50 ; Ros- common, 46. — Died at Kensington, aged 70, Thomas Rymer Jones, F. K.S., Fullerian Professor of Physiology at the Royal Institution. 11 . — Publication of the Boyton-Gladstone correspondence regarding Land League oppres- sion. 12. — Died in the house, Rue St. Georges, Paris, re-built at the public expense after destruction by the Commune, Madame Thiers, wife of the late President. — Various threatening Land League meet- ings in Ireland, where “ boycotting ” was freely recommended. — A revolution reported to have occurred in the small mountainous Republic of Andorra in consequence of an attempt first to set up a foreign casino and gaming-table, and second to construct a railway connecting the Republic with the outer world. Order was subsequently established through the mediation of the French agent. 13 . — An extensive case of “boycotting” reported from Cork, twenty-eight servants of Mr. Bence Jones having left him, in conse- quence of being threatened with murder if they remained in his service. The local smiths refused to shoe his horses, and the local trades- men to supply him with necessaries. On the 14th a quantity of Mr. Jones’s cattle and sheep arrived in Cork, consigned to the Cork Steam Packet Company for shipment to Bristol. This fact coming to the knowledge of other shippers of cattle by the same steamer, they informed the directors that if Mr. Jones’s cattle were taken on board they would withdraw theirs, and cease further business transactions with the company. The directors gave way, and the cattle were turned out of the yard. The <-iyde Shipping Company also refused to em- bark them, and, as no one could be found to take charge of them, they had to be driven by the police into the sheds of the Great Southern and Western Railway Company not yet “boy- cotted ” ; but the League put such an amount of pressure on the Dublin and Glasgow Steam Packet Company that its directors refused to carry Mr. Bence Jones’s property. At last the sheep were shipped on board the City of Dublin Company’s steamer Kildare for Liver- pool, where, however, the consignees refused to receive them. They were then sent on to Manchester, and so finally got rid of. — Cabinet Council hastily summoned to discuss, it was understood, Mr. Forster’s report concerning the alarming condition of Ireland. — Died in Thorne Road, South Lambeth, aged 85, Miss Maria Catherine Innes, projec- tor along with two deceased sisters of the still popular Peerage book known as “Lodge,” placed in 1830 under the ostensible editorship of Edmund Lodge, Norroy King of Arms. 14 . — Died at Florence, aged 68, the accom- plished Earl of Crawford and Balcarres, author of “ Lives of the Lindsays,” &c. — Addressing his constituents at Hack- ney, the Postmaster-General (Mr. Fawcett) mentions that the new Post-office Penny Sav- ings’ Bank scheme had already led to the opening of 58,000 accounts. A reduction of telegraph rates and a parcel-post was also shadowed forth. 15 . — Died, aged 94, William Lacon Childe, of Kinlet Hall, Shropshire, schoolfellow at Harrow with Byron, Teel, and Palmerston, and Tory member for Wenlock in 1823, when he moved the address in reply to the King’s Speech. 16 . —Philip Callan, M.P. for Louth, fined ^650 and costs for libelling A. M. Sullivan, M.P. — Died in Paris, aged 91, Mdlle. Etienne de Montgolfier, daughter of the famous in- ventor and aeronaut, who died in the last year of the last century. This patriotic old lady, who calmly awaited the Prussian advance in 1870, had been the patroness of Beranger, and pub- lished herself a volume of songs. 19 . — Died at Branksome Towers, Bourne- mouth, aged 46, Lady Constance Leveson- Gower, Duchess of Westminster. — Died in Albany Street, Regent’s Park, aged 54, Francis Trevelyan Buckland, natural- ist, eldest son of the late Dr. Buckland, Dean of Westminster. A delightfully descriptive writer concerning the habits of strange animals, birds, and fishes, brought under his notice as editor of “ Land and Water,” 21. — Died, aged 54, George Frederick j Ansell, chemist, inventor of a fire-damp indi- | cator, and author of a history of the Mint. 1349 DECEMBER 88c— 1881 JANUAR Y 22 . — Mrs. Cross, formerly Miss Marian i Evans and Mrs. Lewes, but better known as “George Eliot,” writer of “Adam Bede,” and other novels of supreme merit, died some- what suddenly at her house in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, aged 60. Mrs. Cross was buried in Highgate Cemetery according to the rites of the Unitarian Church. — Died, aged 58, Rev. Mackenzie E. W. Walcott, F. S. A., Precentor of Chichester Cathedral, author of “Memorials of West- minster,” and many valuable contributions to the proceedings of learned Societies — anti- quarian, architectural, and ecclesiastical. — Charge against Alexander Ewing, Pen- nilee pointsman, dismissed at Glasgow Circuit, on the advice of Lord Young. (See Sept. 8.) 24 . — Disaster to the British troops in the Transvaal reported from Durban, Natal. Ac- cording to this account, 250 men of the 94th Regiment, marching from Leydenburg to Pre- toria, as escort to a train of waggons, were surprised by the Boers and overpowered, 120 men having been killed and wounded, and the rest taken prisoners. One officer was said to have been killed, three badly wounded, and one missing. It was further added that the colours had been saved, a statement which it was difficult to reconcile with the assertion that the whole detachment had been either killed, wounded, or taken prisoners. Later telegrams somewhat modified the first account of the disaster. — Died, aged 62, Mauro Macchi, an active and scholarly agent in the regeneration of Italy under Cavour. — Died on board a steamer when entering Bordeaux harbour, aged 82, Charles Edward Stuart, calling himself “ Comte d’Albanie,” reputed on slender evidence to have been the son of a legitimate son of Prince Charles Edward the “Young Pretender.” The re- mains were conveyed to Scotland for interment in Lord Lovat’s burying-place at Eskdale, beside a brother well-known like the “ Comte ” in Edinburgh society during the early part of the century, as John Sobieski Stolberg Stuart. —(See Quarterly Review , vol. 81.) — Died at South Norwood, aged 7 6, John Cousen, landscape engraver. 26 . — A heavy snowfall, accompanied by a stiff breeze, causes serious suspension of rail- way traffic in the North. The Deeside section of the Great North of Scotland was closed ; between Forfar and Aberdeen five goods trains were snowed up ; the Buchan and Formartine line was blocked at Logiereive ; on the Mac- duff and Turriff section the drift was in some places from twelve to fifteen feet deep ; the Great North of Scotland main line was im- passable at Dyce. Further north, at Dorrery, Altnabraec, and Forsenard, the lines were also stopped. Large boulders, loosened by the 1350 snow, fell on the Callander and Oban line, and considerably impeded the traffic. In the northern counties all out-door labour was suspended. 26 . — Died at Tiptree Hall, Essex, aged 79, John Joseph Mechi, whose patented invention of the “Magic Razor Strop,” gave him a start in life as one of the niost enterprising scientific agriculturists of his day. 27 . — Died, aged 95, Dr. Robert Bullock Marsham, Warden of Merton College, Oxford, who had in 1852 unsuccessfully contested the representation of the University in the Con- servative interest against Mr. Gladstone. — Mr. ParneJ formally selected as leader of the Irish Parliamentary party in the House of Commons, who now also resolved to be in opposition whatever party might be in power. 28 . — Commenced at the Court of Queen’s Bench, Dublin, before Mr. Justice Fitzgerald and Mr. Justice Barry, the trial of the fourteen leaders of the land agitation in Ireland. 29 . — Admiral Ryder, chairman of the Atalanta Committee, presents the report of the committee to the Secretary of the Ad- miralty. Although the committee condemned the construction of ships of the Atalanta class as faulty and unfit for use as training ships, they slated she was sound, seaworthy, and stable, and her officers and crew duly quali- fied, when the vessel left England upon her last cruise. 31 . — The Governors of St. Thomas’s Hos- pital, acting under authority of the Charity Commissioners, announce their intention to receive into St. Thomas’s Home persons of the upper and middle classes who were able and willing to pay for the benefits of medical attendance and nursing therein — benefits which have hitherto been confined to the poor alone. — Died, aged 71, Dr. John Stenhouse, F.R. S., a native of Glasgow, one of the foun- ders of the Chemical Society, and otherwise of high repute for his researches in organic chemistry. — Died at Brighton, aged 77, Dr. Arnold Ruge, translator of various Greek plays, a journalist, and extreme German politician who passed the last thirty years of his life as an exile in England. I88l. January 1. — Disastrous gas explosion in Glasgow. A leakage from the main pipes in Henderson Street becoming ignited, six people were killed and ten injured, two houses being almost completely destroyed. In litigation which ensued damages were awarded by the Court of Session against the Corporation. JANUARY JANUAR V 1 88 1 1. — Close of the great walking match at Lillie Bridge. Gale, the pedestrian, who undertook to walk 2,500 miles in 1,000 hours, failing to accomplish that distance by about 95 miles only. 3 . — Died at Liverpool, aged 77, John Thomas Towson, who was the first to devise means of taking photographic pictures on glass, and inventor of many useful aids to navigators. 5 . — Wreck of the Indian Chief, 1,257 tons, on the Long Sand. The master and sixteen of the crew perished, the first and second mates and nine seamen being rescued by the Ramsgate lifeboat. 6 . — Parliament opened by Royal Commis- sion. The Queen’s Speech intimated an ultimate withdrawal from Candahar, the intro- duction of a Land Bill for Ireland, and also extraordinary measures for the repression of outrage and violence in that country. Bills were also promised regarding the abolition of corporal punishment in the army and navy, bankruptcy reform, rivers conservancy, secret voting and corrupt practices at elections. 9 . — In the House of Lords, Lord Lytton enters into an explanation and justification of his policy as Viceroy of India, particularly deprecating the surrender of Candahar. The Duke of Argyll replied, imputing the Afghan war to the aggressive action of the late Vice- roy. Lords Cranbrook and Northbrook also spoke, but the discussion closed without any formal motion. 12 . — Strike among the Lancashire colliers, over 40,000 reported to be out in consequence of a demand by the masters that the men should contract themselves out of the Employers’ Lia- bility Act and accept a system of insurance instead. 13 . — After a winter of exceptional mildness cold weather suddenly sets in, and continues throughout the month with extreme severity, the lowest readings being, on the 14th, at Chester, 2° below zero ; 4 0 above zero at Nottingham ; and 8° at York. Snow fell heavily on the 1 8th, and in London traffic both on the streets and the river was com- pletely suspended. The Post Office announced that communication between London and the country was almost altogether stopped. The low-lying districts of Bermondsey and Lam- beth were flooded, nearly one . hundred barges were sunk at the mouth of the Thames, and the pier at Woolwich was entirely carried away by ice. In the country tx*ains were snowed up, and much damage caused by floods. Similar disasters were reported from France, Germany, and Spain. 16 . — Died, aged 81, Dr. Humphrey Lloyd, Provost of Trinity College, Dublin ; author also of various works on optics.. 18 . — Died at Cairo, aged 60, Auguste Edouard Mariette, Egyptologist, better known as Mariette Bey. 19 . — Marriage of Mr. Leopold de Roths- child and Mdlle. Maria Perugia celebrated at the Central Synagogue in presence of the Prince of Wales, the first occasion on which a member of the Royal Family had assisted at a Jewish ceremony. 20. — Died in London, aged 51, Edward Askew Sothern, actor, celebrated for his “Lord Dundreary.” 20. — The Address in answer to the Queen’s Speech, which was carried in one sitting of I the Upper House, finally adopted by the | Commons after being debated for eleven nights, principally by Irish members, whose chief con- tention was that remedial legislation should precede coercion. With the avowed object of delaying the introduction of the threatened Coercion Bill as long as possible, they proposed various amendments, which, after prolonged discussion, were successively negatived by overwhelming majorities. 24 -. — General Skoberoff, commander of the Russian forces in Turkestan, announces the capture of Geok Tepe and Denzil Tepe by the Imperial forces. — Died, aged 66, Alfred Elmore, R.A., an industrious and painstaking artist of the historical school, admirably represented by such paintings as “ Marie Antoinette facing the Mob at the Tuileries,” and the same Queen as a prisoner in the Temple. — - To-day (Monday) Mr. W. E. Forster moved for leave to introduce a Bill for the protection of persons and property in Ireland, and entered at length into a description of the state of Ireland under the rule of the Land League, which had become such as to require extraordinary measures for the protection of the well-disposed. The Bill proposed to give the Lord- Lieutenant power to arrest by war- rant persons suspected of treasonable inten- tions, and of intimidation and incitement to violate the laws. He would afterwards pro- pose a second Bill to enable the police to search for arms. Dr. Lyons moved an amendment requiring precedence for remedial measures. Speeches in opposition to the Bill were delivered by Mr. Givan, Mr. Dillon, Mr. Bradlaugh, and Mr. O’Donnell, while Mr. Davey and Sir S. Northcote supported the Government. The debate was adjourned. On Tuesday Mr. Gladstone moved to suspend the Standing Orders, and to give precedence to the adjourned debate on the Irish Coercion Bills. The proposition was strongly opposed by the Home Rule members, who, by vehe- ment speeches, protracted the discussion throughout the night, and it was not until after 2 p.m. on Wednesday that Mr. Gladstone’s motion was agreed to by 251 against 33. — Termination of the State prosecutions at Dublin, the jury being unable to agree upon a , verdict. 1351 JANUARY 1 88 1 FEBRUARY 26 . — Repulse of Sir George Colley’s forces in the Transvaal at Laing’s Neck. On the 24th the British commander having made a laager at Newcastle, and provisioned it for thirteen days, determined to advance on the Transvaal with a force of about 1,000 men against the Boers, who, since the proclamation of the Republic, December 16th, 1880, had besieged several of the British garrisons. The attack was repulsed with heavy loss ; seven officers and about eighty men were killed, and about one hundred wounded. 27 . — Earthquake in Switzerland, felt chiefly at Berne, Thun, Basle, and Aarbery. 28. — Rioting in Lancashire among the col- liers on strike there. After a mass meeting in Leigh, the mob proceeded to Atherton collieries, with the avowed object of bringing out the men at work there. The police charged the mob, amidst a shower of stones by which three officers were severely injured. The mob still remaining reckless, the Riot Act was read, and the Hussars charged the crowd, driving them in all directions. — Mr. Gladstone denounces the Land League in the House of Commons, as asso- ciated with the increase of agrarian outrage in Ireland. Dealing with the criticisms on the Outrages Returns, he declared that the general effect was only to confirm the confidence of the Government in their accuracy. But it was not on single cases that the Government rested, it was on the aggregate — on the combination out of which they sprung, and on the total failure of the ordinary administration of justice to detect and punish them. Neither the League nor any other person or body in Ireland could be touched by the Bill except so far as they fell within its stringent definition, according to which no one could be arrested except on reasonable suspicion that he had been a princi- pal or accessory in a crime punishable by law, committed in a prescribed district, being an act of violence or intimidation, or incitement thereto, and tending to interfere with or dis- turb the maintenance of law and order. After referring to the Conservative support with which the Government was taunted, Mr. Gladstone dwelt on the character and proceed- ings of the Land League, protesting against the parallels which had been drawn between it and the Anti-Corn Law League and the Trades Union, on the latter of which he pronounced a glowing eulogium. That an unusual state of crime existed in Ireland was undoubted, and admitted even by those who differed as to the causes. Some attributed it to the distress, some to the evictions ; but he showed by the statistics that crime had increased, while the distress and evictions had decreased. But he traced a close connection between the move- ment of crime and the increasing activity of the Land League, illustrating his argument by quotations from the speeches of Mr. Parnell . and Mr. Biggar, which he condemned in severe 1352 language as inevitably tending to the breach of law and order. “So that,” continued Mr. Gladstone, speaking of the League, “ with fatal and painful precision the steps of crime dogged the steps of the Land League ; and it is not possible to get rid by any ingenuity of facts such as I have stated, by vague and general complaints, by imputations against parties, im- putations against England, or imputations against Government. You must meet them, and confute them, if you can. None will rejoice more than myself if you can attain such an end. But in the meantime they stand, and they stand uncontradicted (cries of “No”) in the face of the British House of Commons.” Govern- ment, it was added, did not look so much to the mere amount of crime, as to its sources and to its character. 29. — Died at Devon Lodge, East Moulsey, aged nearly 80, Anna Maria Hall (Mrs. S. C. Hall), a popular writer for over half a century of Irish novels, dramas, stories for young folk, and also favourably known in the field of history through helpful work for “Ireland” undertaken in conjunction with her husband Samuel Carter Hall, the “Sherwood Forester” of other days. 31. — Extraordinary scenes in the House during the debate on the motion for leave to bring in the Protection to Person and Property Bill. The discussion had been resumed on the 27th, continued on the 28th, and adjourned over till this day, Monday. The adjourned debate was resumed by Mr. C. E. Lewis, who was followed by Mr. C. Russell and other speakers — mostly Irish members — until 1 A.M., when Mr. Gabbett moved its adjournment, to which Mr. Gladstone declined to accede. Several hours were spent in the discussion, and eventually the motion was negatived by 148 to 27. The sitting was continued through- out the whole of Tuesday, Irish members speaking at great length on repeated motions for adjournment, with occasional interruptions and altercations on points of order. Eventually, at half-past 9 on Wednesday morning, when the House had sat 41 hours, the Speaker inter- rupted the debate, ruling that, it being clear that wilful obstruction was being resorted to, he, in virtue of the Standing Order agreed to last Session, refused to allow further speeches to be made. This decision provoked a violent outburst from the Irish members, who, after vehemently protesting against the violation of their privileges as members, quitted the House. The motion to introduce the Bill was then agreed to. February 3. — Wholesale suspension of Irish members in the House. In answer to Mr. Parnell, Sir W. Harcourt said that Michael Davitt had been arrested, his ticket-of-leave having been cancelled for breach of the con- ditions. This reply caused great uproar from the Home Rule members, and upon Mr. Glad- stone proceeding to move his resolutions in FEBRUARY 1 88 1 MARCH respect of procedure Mr. Dillon interposed, and, refusing to obey the direction of the Speaker, was “named,” and the House, by 395 to 33, assented to a motion for his suspen- sion during the remainder of the sitting. Mr. A. M. Sullivan and other Irish members com- mented in warm terms on the action of the Speaker, and, after repeated warnings, Mr. Parnell was “named,” and was ordered to be suspended for the remainder of the sitting, as were also twenty-five other Irish members yaIio refused to withdraw or to vote. Mr. Gladstone then proceeded to move his resolutions, the debate on which occupied the remainder of the sitting. 3 —Died at Charlotte Street, in his 77th year, John Gould, F.R.S., a devoted ornithologist and voluminous writer concerning the birds of India and Australia. 4 . — Died in Cheyne Row, Chelsea, where more than half his long and honoured life of 85 years was spent, Thomas Carlyle, a “ writer of books,” as described by himself, which without manifesting any very systematic philo- sophical system beyond the stern duty and true dignity of “work,” made him one of the most j powerful personal educating influences of the I century. Mr. Carlyle, although deeply grieved I by the sudden death of his wife (Jane Baillie I Welsh) in the spring of 1866, by no means abandoned his studious, methodical ways in later years, and at length gradually succumbed to the advance of age on a naturally sound constitution, passing away quietly among friends familiar with his labours and proud of his literary triumphs, who reverenced his un- tiring devotion to duty, and who carefully appreciated the simple blamelessness of a life which had more than once turned intended public honour aside. The remains of the aged scholar were laid in the churchyard of Eccle- fechan, within the Annandale village where he was born, and beside those of his father and mother, whom he never ceased to think, speak, and write of with supreme affection. 8. — Died, aged6i, Michael Charles Blount, of Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, representative of the old family which numbered among its descendants the Misses Blount, friends and correspondents of Pope. 9 . — Second reading of the Protection Bill carried in the Commons by 359 to 56. Eight days more were occupied by the discussion of the clauses in Committee, and the Bill was read a third time and passed on the 25th, after four divisions, the last showing a majority of »8i to 36. On this evening the Speaker laid on the table the new rules of procedure. These were seventeen in number, and were specially designed to cope with the obstructive tactics of the Irish members. 11 . — Mysterious murder at Chatham. Lieu- tenant Percy Roper, Royal Engineers, found dead at the staircase leading to his quarters, having been shot. The coroner’s jury returned a verdict of wilful murder, but in spite of large rewards offered no clue was obtained. 12. — Marriage of , the Baroness Burdett- Coutts with Mr. W. Ashmead Bartlett cele- brated at Christ’s Church, Mayfair. Mr. Bartlett had obtained royal license to assume the name of Burdett-Coutts, and in compliance with the will of the Duchess of St. Albans he subsequently had to -apply for permission to use the name of Coutts separately. 14 . — Freedom of the City of London .and a sword presented to Sir Frederick Roberts, in recognition of his services in Afghanistan. 13 . — Died, aged 81, William Ellis, educa- tionist and political economist. 24 . — The Senate of Cambridge decide by 398 to 32 to admit women to the Tripos Examination. — Died, aged 88, Commander Edwin T. Caulfield, R.N., who entered the Navy as early as 1806, and was present at the Scheldt and in the Walcheren expedition. 25 . — Terrible lynching occurrence at Springfield, Tennessee. Nine negroes who some months previously had murdered a farmer, were captured by a mob while in charge of the sheriff, and hanged to the verandah of the Court House. 27 . — Disastrous engagement at Majuba Hill. General Colley and his staff, with about twenty officers and 627 men, moved out of camp to this point, where they arrived after an arduous march too much fatigued to entrench themselves. At daybreak the Boers at once commenced an attack, which was withstood till about one o’clock, when suddenly they obtained full possession of the hill, and our men were in full flight with heavy loss, General Colley being among the killed. — Marriage of Prince Frederick William, eldest son of the Crown Prince of Germany, and grandson of Queen Victoria, with Princess Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein. 28 . — Died, in her 89th year, at Geneva, the Countess of Pourtales, a prominent member of society in the First Empire. March 1. — Urgency having been voted by 395 against 37, Sir William Harcourt, in the absence of Mr. Forster, moves for leave to bring in the Peace Preservation Bill. This measure forbade the carrying of arms, author- ised search for them, and gave power to prohibit and regulate their sale. — The Cunard steamer Servia , 8,500 tons, the largest steamer up to this date except the Great Eastern , launched on the Clyde. 2 . — The Bill for the Better Protection of Person and Property in Ireland, generally known as the Coercion Bill, receives Royal assent, having been passed by the House of Lords through all its stages in three days. 1353 MARCH 1 88 1 APRIL 5 . — The town of Casamicciola, in the island of Ischia, destroyed by an earthquake. One hundred and twenty bodies were dug out of the ruins. The lower part of the town was less injured, but in the upper part not one house remained standing. Another shock occurred on the 15th. 6 . — Died, in her 81st year, Mrs. Horatia Nelson Ward, daughter of Lord Nelson, whom with his dying breath he bequeathed to the care of the nation. — Sir Evelyn Wood, who had assumed the chief command on the death of General Colley, in conference with President Joubert agrees upon an armistice of eight days. The armistice was still further extended. (See March 22.) 9 . — Debate in the House of Lords on the policy of the Government in Afghanistan, Lord Lytton deprecating the abandonment of Candahar. The debate, in the course of which many speeches both weighty and dignified were delivered, was chiefly memorable as being practically the last in which Lord Beaconsfield took part. On the division Lord Lytton’s motion was carried by 165 to 79. A similar resolution moved in the Commons by Mr. Stanhope was negatived by 336 to 226. 12 . — Pope Leo XIII. issues an Encyclical reminding the Episcopate of the bitter warfare carried on in many countries against the Church, and complaining that in the very centre of Catholic truth, the sanctity of religion was outraged and the dignity of the Holy See turned into contempt. 13 . — Assassination of the Emperor of Russia. While returning from a military review near St. Petersburg, a bomb was thrown which ex- ploded in rear of the carriage, injuring several soldiers. The Emperor alighted, and a second bomb was thrown, -which inflicted frightful and fatal injuries, he living only about two hours after his removal to the palace. One of the assassins was arrested, and the second, who threw the last bomb, was himself wounded by its explosion and died in the hospital without declaring his name. The Czarewitch was imme- diately proclaimed Emperor Alexander III., and on the following day issued a manifesto announcing his accession, and claiming the allegiance of all subjects of the Empire. ‘ ‘ There has been no disorder in the capital, nor in any part of Russia. The police have discovered the house in which the explosive bombs were made, one man found there blowing out his brains on their arrival. A mine charged with explosive materials has also been found, exca- vated under a street along which the Emperor and his son frequently passed.” 16 . — Attempt to blow up the Mansion House. About half-past eleven a strong wooden box with a burning fuse attached was discovered lying on one of the windows. On examination the box was found to contain 1354 about 40 lb. of coarse blasting powder. No clue was obtained, but the attempt was attri- buted to Fenian terrorism. 16 . — Deliberate attempt to upset the London and North Western express from London near Wolverhampton. A sleeper with two chains had been firmly fastened to the rails, and the force of collision, though great enough to cut the sleeper, did not upset the train, and no fatal results ensued. 21. — Destruction by fire of the Opera House at Nice. Soon after the commencement of the performance of Liccia di Lamniermoor a gas explosion took place, setting fire to the scenery. Happily there were not more than 1 50 people present, but of these 62 lo t their lives in the struggle for egress. 22. — Mr. Gladstone in the House of Com- mons announces that the following terms had been agreed to between Sir E. Wood and the Boers : — 1. The suzerainty of the Queen over the Transvaal was to be acknowledged ; 2. Complete self-government was to be given to the Boers ; 3. Control over foreign relations was reserved ; 4. A British Resident to be at the future capital ; 5. A Royal Commission to consider the protection of native interests and questions of frontier j 6. Boers to withdraw from Laing’s Neck ; 7. British garrisons to remain in Transvaal till final settlement ; 8. Sir E. Wood not to advance or send warlike stores into the Transvaal. 25 — Died, aged 62, Sir Charles Reed, LL.D., chairman of the London School Board. 26 — Died at Paris, aged 75, John Prescott Knight, R. A., secretaiy to the Royal Academy from 1846 to 1873. — Charles I of Roumania vested in his kingly title by the Senate, Chamber of Deputies, and Council of Deputies. 27 . — Funeral of the late Czar at St. Petersburg. — Died, the Rev. W. H. Bateson, D.D., Master of St. John’s College, Cambridge. 28 . — Close of the Lawson v. Labouchere libel trial, in which Mr. Lawson of the Dai y Telegraph prosecuted Mr. Labouchere for alleged libel in his paper, Truth. The case had been argued for an entire week before Lord Coleridge, and in the end, the jury, having failed to agree on a verdict, were discharged. 30 . — Johann Most, editor of Der Freiheit , a German Socialist newspaper, charged at Bow Street with publishing a scandalous libel con- cerning the late Czar, with intent to incite to murder. Herr Most was found guilty on April 26th, and on June 27th was sentenced to sixteen months’ hard labour. April 3 . — The decennial census taken throughout the United Kingdom, above 30,000 enumerators being employed in the work. APRIL 1 88 1 APRIL Total population, 35,246,562, England show- ing an increase of 3,113,260, Scotland, 374,352, and Ireland a decrease of 252,538, since 1871. 3 . — Earthquake at the island of Chio, in the ^Egean. The principal town and many of the adjacent villages were destroyed. Out of a total population of 71,491, it was ascertained that 3,612 were killed and 1,306 injured. 4 . — Introduction of the Budget. The esti- mated expenditure for the ensuing year was ^84,705,000, and the revenue ^85,990,000, showing a surplus of ^1,285,000, which was, however, reduced to ,£1,185,000 by a vote for the extinguishment of the loan for barracks. The Chancellor of the Exchequer proposed to reduce the Income-tax to 5^., which would create a deficiency. This he proposed to meet by a surtax of 4 d. per gallon on foreign spirits, according to strength, and some partial changes in the Probate, Legacy, and Adminis- tration duties. In the discussion which fol- lowed a general assent to the main provisions of the Budget was expressed. 5 . — The House of Lords, sitting as a Court of Final Appeal, give judgment in the long- standing case of Martin v. Mackonochie. The original sentence of suspension for six weeks was issued by Sir Robert Phillimore ( see December 7th, 1874). A farther sentence of suspension for three years was issued by Lord Penzance in 1878. The Queen’s Bench pro- hibited this judgment on the ground of excess of jurisdiction, while the Court of Appeal reversed the opinion of the Queen’s Bench. The House of Lords, however, were unani- mous in deciding against Mr. Mackonochie, who was thus suspended ab officio it benejicio for three years. 7 . — Died, aged 94, at Gateshead, Miss Jane Bewick, eldest daughter of Thomas, the famous engraver, whose memoirs she edited. — Mr. Gladstone in the House of Com- mons moved for leave to introduce the Irish Land Bill. In doing so, he stated that the necessity for legislation did not arise from the alleged iniquity of the Irish land laws, which differed from those of England chiefly in the very special provisions they made for the benefit of the tenant, nor from the conduct of the Irish landlords as a body ; but it was rendered necessary by the land hunger, or land scarcity, which existed in Ireland, by the arbitrary raising of rent,, and harsh and cruel evictions by a limited number of landlords, and by the defects of the Land Act of 1870, which was powerless to remedy these evils. Proceeding to explain the provisions of the Bill, he said it recognised universal tenant right. The land- lord’s power to raise the rent was the due and just means of preventing the tenant right run- ning into extravagance, but legislative inter- ference was required to prevent the arbitrary increase of rent. In order to carry this cut, the establishment of a Land Commission or 1355 Court was inevitable, and this he regarded as the cardinal point of the bill. Mr. Gladstone then explained the composition and powers of the Land Court. After a short discussion the motion was agreed to without opposition, and the bill read a first time. 8. — General order issued from the War Office, announcing the changes in the organisa- tion of the infantry of the line and the militia. The forces were from the 1st July to be organised in territorial regiments bearing designations corresponding to the localities with which they were connected. — Died at Versailles, aged 66, Prince Pierre Bonaparte. IO. Trial of the Russian regicides concluded at St. Petersburg. All six prisoners, four men and two women, were found guilty and con- demned to death, the sentence being carried out on the 15th. — Discovery at Diirkheim, in the Palati- nate, of the buried treasure of Limburg Abbey ; many precious articles of worship, vases, coins and other objects of gold and silver were re- covered, some dating from the construction of the Abbey, by Conrad the Salic, in 1030. The treasure had been hidden at the siege in 1504. 12 . — Mrs. Fletcher, a professed “Medium,” and her husband “Colonel” Fletcher, sen- tenced to twelve months imprisonment with hard labour, for obtaining by false pretences jewellery and lace to the value of £10,000 from Mrs. Hart-Davies. 14 .— The Founder’s Medal of the Royal Geographical Society, awarded to' Major Serpa Pinto, the Portuguese African explorer ; and the Grotian’s Medal to Mr. Benjamin Leigh Smith, for his discoveries in Franz- Josefs Land. — Died, aged 58, at his residence, Brixton Hill, the Rev. Wm. Morley Punshon, D.D., an eminent Wesleyan preacher. 18 . — The Prince and Princess of Wales visit Norwich for the purpose of opening the National Fisheries Exhibition. 19 . — Died between four and five o’clock this (Tuesday) morning at Curzon Street, May- fair, aged 77, the Rt. Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, K. G. In- his place in Parliament at the opening of Parliament, and alert as ever in the defence of friends, the ex- Premier had for more than three weeks been contending with bronchitis supervening on gout, and during that time there had been several occasions when it was feared he could not survive Asthmatic spasms, aggravated, if not induced, by the persistent east wind, were so severe that his recovery from them appeared to be more than doubtful. Again and again, however, he rallied. His indomit- able will carried him through attacks to which weaker natures would unquestionably have succumbed ; and a day or two ago, with a BB * APRIL 1 88 r APRIL change in the atmospheric conditions, there came a gleam of hope that he would survive. But once more the east wind increased in force and bitterness, and on Monday evening there were renewals of the spasms which had been so trying. After midnight the patient slum- bered for a short time in a state of great exhaustion. Then came a fresh spasm which would not yield to treatment, and it was feared that life could not be much further prolonged. Dr. Quain was speedily summoned, and messengers despatched for Lord Barrington, Sir Philip Rose, and Mr. Ralph Disraeli. Soon after three o’clock the spasm passed off, and there was ease ; but life was fast ebbing. About four o’clock there was a short attack of coughing, after which came the quietness of complete exhaustion. Turning his head to one side, the dying man murmured “ I am overwhelmed,” and never spoke in audible tones again. There was no further disturbance of his quiet, and at half-past four o’clock he died. The following announcement was sub- sequently made: — “The debility, which was evidently increasing yesterday, progressed during the night, and Lord Beaconsfield died at half-past four, calmly, as if in sleep.” Lord Barrington, Lord Rowton, Sir Philip Rose, Dr. Quain, Dr. Kidd, and Dr. Bruce were at the bedside of the sufferer when he died. Lord Beaconsfield dined out for the last time on the 19th March, when he was the guest of the Prince of Wales at Marlborough House ; took a slight part in a political gathering held at his residence a week later ; and transacted private business for the last time on the 7th inst., when he sent for Lord Barrington to ask him what day of the month it was. On being told, Lord Beaconsfield said : — “I think it is time that you should write to the young Duke of Portland, and tell him I regret I cannot come to him for Easter Week.” Lord Rowton arrived on the 7th of April, but Lord Beacons- field did not see him till the nth. He had said previously to Lord Barrington that he had heard Lord Rowton had arrived. “ Let him come to me gradually,” he said, evidently feeling very nervous at the thought of meeting him. Lord Beaconsfield, according to a state- ment made by himself, was born in the Adelphi Buildings, London, 21st December, 1804, and baptised in the Parish Church of St. Andrew’s, Plolborn, 31st July, 1817, his father, Isaac Disraeli, having four years previously severed all religious connection with brethren worship- ping in the Jewish Synagogue. 21 . — Commencement of the evacuation of Candahar, by the march of the British forces towards the Pishin Valley, the posts in the city being transferred to Afghan troops. 23 . — Russell McCoy, the first descendant of the famous mutineers of the Bounty (1789) who ever visited this country, arrived at Liver- pool from Pitcairn Island in the American ship Harvey Mills . When he left there were 1356 . ninety-five persons on the island, but only three names of the original mutineers now remain, these being Christian, Young, and McCoy. The oldest inhabitant was a step- daughter of John Young, she being also the step-daughter of John Adams. She was then about ninety years of age, and was the second child born on the island. McCoy stated that it was an error to suppose that Adams was the leader of the mutineers, that position being always occupied by Fletcher Christian. 26 . — Second reading of the Irish Land Bill moved in the Commons by Lord R. Grosvenor. [See 19th May, 1881.) — Funeral of Earl Beaconsfield at Hughen- den. The Prince of Wales, the Duke of Connaught, and Prince Leopold (representing the Queen) followed the chief mourners in the procession, which included the prominent statesmen of both parties, diplomatists, artists, and a large gathering of distinguished per- sonages. — Died, aged 65, at Meran, Tyrol, General von der Tann, commander of the Bavarian forces in the Franco- German War. — Mr. Bradlaugh having been again returned for Northampton by a majority of 132, presents himself at the table of the House to take the oath prescribed by law. Sir Stafford Northcote moved that he be not permitted to do so, and the motion was carried by 208 to 175. Mr. Bradlaugh was then directed to withdraw, which he refused to do, until the Sergeant-at- Arms advanced towards him, and he then with- drew as far as the bar, but he immediately returned, and was then forcibly removed by four attendants. The following day he pre- sented himself again, and was again ordered to withdraw, which he did. On May 6th the Attorney-General moved for leave to introduce the Parliamentary Oaths Bill, allowing members to make affirmation, but the motion was opposed and debated for three nights, and then the debate was adjourned again. No decision having been come to, Mr. Bradlaugh on the •loth of May once more presented himself at the table of the House, and announced that he was there to take the oath. The Speaker again directed him to withdraw, and he did so, and on the motion of Sir Stafford Northcote a resolution was carried “That the Sergeant-at- Arms remove Mr. Bradlaugh from the House until he shall engage not further to disturb its proceedings. ” — H.M. S. Doterel , six guns, 1,137 tons, and 900 horse-power, blown up off Sandy Point, in the Straits of Magellan. A committee of inquiry subsequently found that the explosion was due to defective ventilation of the coal bunkers. 27 . — Died, aged 77, General Louis von Benedek, commander of the Austrians at Solferino and Sadowa.. APRIL 1 88 1 MAY 27 — .Died, aged 74, Emile de Girardin, Parisian journalist. — Died, aged 72, at Sevenoaks, Edward Miall, late M.P. for Bradford, prominent Nonconformist. May 1. — Mr. Dillon, M.P., addresses a Land Meeting at Grangemockler to-day, Sunday, and urges his hearers to adhere to the doctrines of the League, and they would then be enabled to resist successfully all the efforts of the landlords. On Monday Mr. Dillon was arrested under a Lord-Lieutenant’s warrant, and taken to Kilmainham Gaol. — The dispute between the French Govern- ment and the Bey of Tunis culminates to-day on the arrival of the French fleet at Biserta. On the 3rd 10,000 troops disembarked, and on the 8th the column moving from Algeria oc- cupied a stronghold belonging to the Krounias, whose excesses the expedition was intended to punish. Tunis was occupied on the nth, and the Bey accepted the French terms uncondi- tionally as they were dictated. (See May 13th.) 5 . — Attempt made to blow up the militia barracks at Chester. Late at night an explo- sion occurred near the guard-room and wash- houses. A constable on duty afterwards found something burning and at once extinguished it. 7 . — Dr. Moffat and representatives of several missionary societies entertained at dinner at the Mansion House by the Lord Major. 8. — Anti-Jewish riots in South Russia. In Elizabethgrad whole streets were destroyed, and at Kieff 2,000 Jews were left without shelter by the destruction of their houses ; many men were murdered and women violated, and property to the extent of several million roubles destroyed or stolen. Similar riots occurred at Alexandrovsk and Odessa ; and the scene of murder and spoliation extended over 160 towns and villages of the Empire. 9 . — Died, aged 64, at Stockholm, Fredrik Wilhelm Scholander, Swedish poet. - — The Marquis of Salisbury chosen leader of tfie Conservative party in the House of Lords. 10. — Marriage of the Crown Prince of Austria with the Princess Stephanie of Belgium, celebrated at Vienna. 13 . — Count Ignatieff, who' had succeeded Count Loris Melikoff as Minister of the Interior, issues a proclamation calling on the social forces of Russia to co-operate with the Govern- ment in rooting out the rebellion, and in strengthening the national sense of religion and morality, — Announcement made in the French Senate by M. Ferry, of the principal provisions of the treaty with the Bey of Tunis. France secured the right of occupying positions necessary to maintain order and ensure security on the frontier and sea coast. The Government of BB 2 the Republic guaranteed Ihe security of the Bey’s person, dynasty, and dominions, and the execution of treaties at present existing between Tunis and the European Powers. The Bey undertook not to conclude any International Convention without previously coming to an understanding with France. The financial affairs of Tunis were to be thoroughly investi- gated with a view of securing the rights of its creditors. The Bey’s Government to be answerable for a war contribution to be levied on the rebellious tribes, and to prohibit the import of arms and ammunition. 13 . — Notwithstanding an emphatic protest by the Sultan raising the question of the integrity of the Ottoman Empire, the Treaty of Bardo, as it was called, was formally ratified on the 23rd May. 15 . — A new treaty signed at St. Petersburg by the Russian Government and the Chinese Envoy, Marquis Tseng. A sum of 9,000,000 roubles to be paid by China for the cost of occupation to Russia, and the latter to retain a small district of Western Kuldja for the purpose of settling those natives who had cast off allegiance to China. 16 . — Died at Paris, aged 59, Dr. Humphry Sandwith, C.B., author of “The Siege of Kars.” — Fire at Notting Hill, resulting in the loss of six lives. Nash, a furniture dealer on the ground floor, was charged with purposely setting fire to the house, and being subsequently convicted was sentenced to penal servitude. 17 . — The revised edition of the New Testa- ment, on which the committee had been engaged ten years, issued from the presses of the Oxford and Cambridge Universities. — In the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland Principal Rainey proposed that, considering the article contributed by Professor Robertson Smith to the Encyclo- pedia Britannica on the “ Hebrew Language,” the Assembly considered him no longer an advantageous teacher for the theological students of the Free Church. On the division 423 voted with Principal Rainey against 245. Professor Smith subsequently refused to resign, and on the 26th May Dr. Adam moved his suspension from all professional functions and ecclesiastical rights, which was carried by 394 votes against 231. 19 . — Died at Nice, aged 57, Count Harry von Arnim, Prussian diplomatist. — The Irish Land Bill read a second time in the Commons after a protracted debate. The division, on Lord Elcho’s motion, con- demning the bill “ as being in its main pro- visions economically unsound, unjust, and impolitic,” showing 352 votes for the Govern- ment against 176. 24 . — Died at Ootacamund, aged 58, the Rt. Hon. William Patrick Adam, Governor of 1357 MA Y—J UNE JULY 1 88 1 Madras, and formerly Liberal whip in the Commons. 24 . — Died, aged 76, Samuel Palmer, water- colour painter and etcher. 26 . — After tedious negotiation the Conven- tion between Turkey and the Powers regard- ing the Greek frontier was signed. According to new frontier Greece obtained an accession of 13,000 square miles of territory and 388,000 inhabitants. 27 . — The Irish Land Bill reaches the Com- mittee stage, where it continued the object of numberless amendments and incessant and protracted opposition until the 22nd July. 30 . — Died, aged 75, Henry Pease, Presi- dent of the Peace Society, and a prominent member of the Society of Friends. June 1. — The top stone of the new light- house on the Eddystone laid by PI.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh. 2 . — Died, aged 80, at Paris, Maximilian Paul Emile Littre, French philologist and historian. 7 . — Died, aged 74, in London, Sir William Milbourne James, one of the Lord Justices of Appeal. 8 . — Died, aged 51, at Ullswater, Andrew Wilson, author of “ The Abode of Snow.” 9 . — Died, aged 60, in London, Sir William Anderson Rose, Lord Mayor of London in 1863. — Died, aged 76, at Carriden House, Linlithgowshire, Admiral Sir James Hope, G.C.B. — The hundredth anniversary of the birth of George Stephenson observed as a public holiday in almost every town in Northumber- land and Durham. 10. — Attempted destruction of the Liver- pool Town Hall by means of an iron tube filled with dynamite or other explosive material. Two Irishmen were observed by a constable on the spot, and after a smart chase both were captured and found to be armed with revolvers. The tube exploded after it was discovered, but no serious damage was caused. The prisoners were afterwards com- mitted for trial, convicted, and sentenced to penal servitude. 14 . — The Inman steamer City of Rome, 8,826 tons, the largest steamer in the world save the Great Eastern, successfully launched from the yard of the Barrow Shipbuilding Company. 16 . —Died, aged 86, at Norwood House, Erdington, Sir Josiah Mason, founder of Mason Science College and other public benefactions. 18 . — Died, aged 52, at Oxford, Professor George Rolleston Linacre, Professor of Phy- siology. 1358 20. — Prince Leopold takes the oath and his seat in the House of Lords as Duke of Albany. 25 . — Decision given in the Queen’s Bench Division by Mr. Justice Field and a special jury in the “ Bend-Or ” libel case. The action was raised by Mr. Barrow, a veterinary surgeon at Marlborough, against the publisher of the Morning Post newspaper for a libel imputing to the plaintiff unskilful or careless administra- tion of medicine to the horse Bend-Or, winner of the Derby. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, with .£1,750 damages. 26 . — Died, aged 78, at South Kensington, Mr. Edmond Beales, County Court Judge, and a prominent supporter of Mill and Bright in the Reform Bill struggles of 1866. 27 . — Marked fluctuations in newspaper pro- perty, the Moiming Post being reduced to-day to the price of a penny, at which it was first issued in November, 1772. During its exist- ence the price rose to 7 d. in the early years of this century, and fell successively to 5 d , 4 d., and 3d., at which it remained many years. — Died at Paris, aged 83, Jules Armand Dufaure, French statesman. — Mr. Gold, a retired merchant, murdered while travelling to Brighton in the afternoon express train. Medical evidence showed that notwithstanding several wounds telling of a desperate struggle for life, death had been caused by fracture of the skull when thrown from the train. The murderer, Thomas Maple- ton Lefroy, after many attempts to exculpate himself, confessed his guilt, and was executed in Lewes gaol on the 29th November, 1881. — Trial of the persons accused of assassinat- ing the late Sultan Abdul Aziz commenced at Constantinople. Nouri Pasha admitted having ordered the Sultan to be put to death by a commission composed of Midhat Ruchdi and Mahmoud Pashas. Midhat Pasha denied the existence of any such commission, maintaining that his Majesty committed suicide. Wit- nesses were examined to prove that the Sultan was murdered, and the persons who carried out the assassination confessed that the com- mission of the crime was ordered by Nouri Pasha. All the principal accused were ulti- mately found guilty, and sentenced to death, but only the actual assassins, a wrestler and a gardener, were executed, the others being banished to Arabia and other penal settle- ments. July 1. — Died at Paris, aged 62, Henri St. Claire Deville, discoverer of the principle of “ chemical dissociation.” 2 . — Assassination of President Garfield. At nine o’clock in the morning, as the President and Mr. Blaine, Secretary of State, were enter- ing the railway station at Washington, a man named Charles Guiteau, a lawyer in Chicago and a disappointed office-seeker, fired two JULY 1 88 1 JULY shots at Mr. Garfield, wounding him in the arm and in the hip. For more than two months the illustrious sufferer hovered between life and death, at one time recovering sufficiently to bear removal to Long Branch, where he rallied so far that his ultimate cure was confidently ex- pected, but on September 19th he suddenly expired. {See September 19th. ) 2 . — Died at Gottingen, aged 72, Theodor Benfey, philologist and Sanskrit scholar. 4 . — Died, aged 82, the Right Hon. Cos- patrick Alexander Home, Earl of Home, Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs 1824 to 1830. 5 . — Died, aged 73, the Rev. John Cumming, D.D., of the Scotch Church, Crown Court, London. 8 . — Died at Oxford, aged 70, the Rev. Henry Octavius Coxe, M. A., Bodley’s Librarian at Oxford. — Bombardment of Sfax by the French. Throughout Tunis and Algeria Mussulman agitators had been actively engaged in stirring up the populace against the French, who had concluded a treaty with the Bey of Tunis ( see May 13th), and in order to prevent a general rising in the interior the town was bombarded, and after a short contest in the plain occupied next day. 9 . — Volunteer review, before the Queen in Windsor Park, in celebration of the “majority ” of the volunteer movement. Fifty-six thousand men from all parts of England and Wales marched past, that operation occupying nearly three hours. 10. — Died, aged 80, William Page Wood, Baron Hatherley, a prominent member of many Liberal Administrations. 12 . — The remains of Pio Nono removed from St. Peter’s to San Lorenzo, occasion- ing several deplorable scenes of anti- clerical rioting. 14 . — Died at Rio de Janiero, aged 71, Colonel W. Milner Roberts, railway and canal engineer. 15 . — One of the hottest days ever expe- rienced in England, the thermometer at Green- wich Observatory reaching 97 'i° in the shade, while at Wimbledon I40° .in the sun was observed. — Died, aged 76, the Hon. Peter Alexander Scarlett, diplomatist and author. 18 . — Died, aged 66, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, D.D., Dean of Westminster. His health, never very robust, had sustained a severe shock on the death of his wife (1876 ) ; and though he never flinched from work, its burden became daily heavier to bear. Ten days before his death he preached in the Abbey on the “ Beatitudes,” but had to retire during the service. From that moment his life ebbed rapidly away ; erysipelas of the face set in, and quickly extended till this evening, when he expired shortly after midnight, quietly and without suffering. Dean Stanley, familiarly spoken of as “ The Dean,” was interred in the Abbey on the 25th, in presence of a large company of mourners representing every class and calling in the country. Dean Stanley’s father, the Rev. Edward Stanley, son of Sir John Thomas Stanley of Alderley, and younger brother of the first Lord Stanley of Alderley, was for nearly thirty years incum- bent of the family living of Alderley, in Cheshire, before he was appointed by Lord Melbourne to the Bishopric of Norwich in 1837. His mother was Catherine, daughter of the Rev. Oswald Leycester, rector of Stoke- upon-Tern, in Shropshire. The early educa- tion of young Arthur was superintended by his father, but in 1829, the year after Arnold s appointment to the head mastership of Rugby, Arthur Stanley was placed under his charge, and he remained at Rugby till 1834, when he won a scholarship at Balliol, and went into residence at Oxford. Thus began that long and devoted friendship which was only brought to a close by the sudden death of Dr. Arnold, in 1842, and was consecrated in the beloved pupil’s “Life and Letters” of his revered teacher. 20. — The Committee for Privileges resolve that Sir Frederick Johnstone had failed to establish his claim to the Annandale peerage, the Lord Chancellor remarking that Sir Fred- erick stood in a different position to the other claimant, Mr. Edward Johnstone, inasmuch as it had been held not only that the latter had failed to establish his claim, but that the evidence had disproved his right to those dignities. 21. — Severe storm over Shetland and the north-east coast, involving the loss of sixty- three lives, eleven boats, and all the lines and nets of the Shetlanders. Great loss of life and property also occurred to the fishing fleets of Frazerburgh and Aberdeen. 25 . — In the House of Commons Sir William Harcourt makes reference to the discovery of infernal machines at Liverpool. On July 3rd the Malta arrived with a consignment of barrels endorsed as cement. In one of these six boxes of dynamite, with clockwork for causing ex- plosion, were found, and a similar discovery was made a few days later in the cargo of the Bavarian . 27 . — Died at Oulton, near Lowestoft, aged 68, George Borrow, author of ‘ ‘ The Bible in Spain,” “Lavengro,” “Romano Lavo-Lill,” and many other works concerning gipsy life. 28 . — Died, aged 82, Mr. Samuel Sharpe, Egyptologist. 29 . — The Irish Land Bill read a third time in Commons by 220 to 14, after occupying the almost undivided attention of the House for *359 JULY 1 88 1 AUGUST nearly four months. The bill was taken to the Upper House the same evening and read a first time at once without discussion. ( See August 1 6th.) 30. — The New York Herald publishes a seven-column letter from Leo Hartmann, giv- ing a minutely detailed account of his attempt to blow up the late Czar on the Moscow Railway in 1879. August 3. — The International Medical Congress meets in St. James’s Hall. Nearly 2,000 delegates attended the opening address, which was delivered by Sir James Paget. — Mr. Bradlaugh makes another attempt to enter the House. He went to the lobby, and was going towards the entrance when he was confronted by the Deputy Sergeant-at- Arms, who told him his orders were impera- tive not to allow him to enter. Mr. Bradlaugh, however, made a dash at the door, whereupon he was seized by several messengers, who forcibly pushed him back out of the lobby, he struggling violently, and exerting all his strength to resist therm When they got him to the main entrance, a number of policemen aided them to push him to the principal gate- way and out of it into Westminster Hall. — Convention settling various matters in dispute signed at Pretoria between the Com- missioners representing Great Britain and the Transvaal Republic. After some further cor- respondence the convention was ratified by the Volkraad on the 25th October. 5 . — The village of Mayenfeld, in the Grisons, partially destroyed by a fire which originated through children playing with matches, and consumed twenty-six houses before it was extinguished. 7 . — Died, aged 71, Mr. J. F. Neilson, for forty years Parliamentary reporter to the Times. — Mr. John Dillon, M.P., released from Kilmainham, where he had been confined since his arrest at Portarlington on May 4th. 8. — Collision at Blackburn between express trains due respectively from Manchester and Liverpool. Five passengers were killed and forty-three more or less severely injured. 9. — Died, aged 72, Dr. John Hill Burton, Historiographer Royal for Scotland, author of a standard “Life of David Hume,” a pains- taking “ History of Scotland,” and many other valued contributions to literature. Dr. Hill Burton was a native of Aberdeen, and educated for the law at Marischal College there. 10. — International Electrical Exhibition, containing all the latest developments of Electrical Science, opened at Paris by M. Grevy. 13. — Died, aged 88, at Shoreham, Sussex, Edward John Trelawny, the friend of Byron. 1360 According to his own wishes his body was cremated at Gotha, and his ashes deposited in the Protestant Cemetery at Rome beside those of Keats and Shelley. 16. — Third reading of the Irish Land Bill in the House of Lords. It had passed the second reading on August 3rd, after two nights’ debate without a division, the Marquis of Salis- bury, the leader of the Opposition, advising their lordships to allow it to pass that stage. But when the bill got into committee, amend- ments were moved and carried by large majori- ties, which essentially altered its character, and which, if they had been allowed to stand, would have entirely frustrated the objects for which it was introduced. The bill, after it had been read a third time, was sent down to the House of Commons, in order that the amend- ments might be submitted to them for con- sideration. The Commons accepted a few of them, and modified others, but rejected those which vitally affected the principle of the bill. The Lords, when the bill was returned to them, reinstated the more important of their amendments, and remitted the bill thus re- amended, to the Lower House again. The House of Commons again rejected them, and sent the bill back once more to the Lords, with the reinstated amendments struck out. In the meantime the public mind was becoming greatly agitated on the subject, and meetings of Liberal associations were held in London and in the larger provincial towns, which passed resolutions calling on the Government to make no concessions to the Lords, but to throw on them the responsibility of rejecting the bill. For a short time it seemed as if the differences between the two Houses were irreconcilable, and that the bill would consequently be lost. But at the last moment their lordships gave way. When the bill came before them to- day, after its last revision by the Commons, the Marquis of Salisbury recommended them to accept it, but at the same time said, if the Duke of Argyll and the Marquis of Lansdowne (who had moved two of the amendments the Commons had rejected), chose to move that they be re-inserted, he would vote for them. The Duke of Argyll, however, was not pre- sent, and the Marquis of Lansdowne did not move to re-insert his amendment. The bill was then passed, and the Marquis of Salisbury expressed his hope that it would be beneficial to the tenants of Ireland, and would not do much injury to the landlords. — Remarkable gathering at Halstead, Kent, on occasion of the forced sale of a stack of hay, distrained by the Rector of Halstead for the payment of extraordinary tithes, levied on the improvement of woodland by its conversion into hop and fruit-growing land. 17. — Died, aged 80, the Right Hon. Sir William Heathcote, formerly M.P. for Oxford University. A UGUST 1 88 1 SEPTEMBER 19 . — Review of Scotch Volunteers at Edin- burgh by the Queen, more than 40,000 men from all parts of Scotland and the Border Country being under arms. 20. — The occupation of the southern portion of Thessaly, ceded to Greece, commenced simultaneously at four points. The Greek troops were met by an immense concourse of the native population who received them en- thusiastically, many kissing the Hellenic flag as the emblem of liberty restored after four centuries of Ottoman domination. 22. — Died, aged 77, at Grantham, the Right lion. James Archibald Stuart Wortley, Q.C. 26 . — A return issued showing the cost of the recent Indian and Colonial wars from 1875 to 1880 inclusive. The total gross cost of the Afghan war was ^24,494,483, of which ,£5,000,000 was defrayed by the British Ex- chequer. In South Africa the Transkei war cost ^240,137; Zulu war, ,£4,922,141 ; Seco- coeni expedition, about £180,000 ; Griqualand West, £ 222,200 . The loss of life was in Afghanistan 99 officers and 1,524 men killed, and hi officers and 1,252 men wounded ; and the total for all the wars in South Africa was 93 officers and 1,504 men killed, and 51 officers and 763 men wounded. — The French troops in Tunis under General Correart attacked by the Arabs and compelled to fall back, after two days’ fighting, upon Hammam-life. Although the retreat was ad- mirably conducted it did not fail to inspirit the insurgents, and a larger force was sent out under General Saussier to put down the rebellion. 27 . — Closing of the Royal Polytechnic In- stitution in Regent Street. Originally founded in 1828 for the exhibition of novelties in the arts and practical sciences, it showed for many years how instruction and amusement could go hand in hand. — Parliament prorogued by Commission after one of the longest and most arduous sessions of the present reign. 30 . — Wreck of the Cape mail steamer Teuton when on a voyage from Capetown to Natal. The ship struck a hidden rock at about 7 P.M., but the captain finding she was making water altered her course for Simon’s Bay. As the engine-room was gradually filling the speed became slower and slower, the machinery coming to a standstill at about ten o’clock. As the passengers and crew, among whom perfect order prevailed, were preparing to take their places in the life-boats a bulk-head in the vessel gave way, and she instantly plunged down by the head. Out of 256 passengers 1 1 only were saved, and of 105 officers and men 25 - September 1. — Dr. Bradley, Master of University College, Oxford, appointed Dean of Westminster. 1. — Fire in Cheapside, the premises at the corner of Bread Street, occupied by Messrs. Forster & Co., merchants, and the London Glove Manufactory firm, being destroyed. 2. — Died, aged 90, Dr. Archibald Billing, M.A., F.R. S., author of “ First Principles of Medicine.” 6 . — International musical gathering at Brighton ; upwards of 1,600 members of various European musical societies competing for prizes offered by the Brighton municipality and others. 7 . — Oecumenical Methodist Conference, attended by upwards of 400 delegates from all parts of the world, opened at the New City Road Chapel, “the Cathedral of Methodism.” — Died, aged 77, John Winter Jones, F.S.A., lately Principal Librarian and Secre- tary of the British Museum. Mr. Jones entered the Museum as Assistant-keeper of the Printed Books in 1850, and was appointed Principal Librarian in 1866, in succession to Sir A. Panizzi. 8. — The New North Docks at Liverpool having an area of 310 acres opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales. 9 . — Meeting of the German and Russian Emperors at Neufahrwasser, near Danzig. — Military revolt at Cairo, an immediate cause being the decision of Riaz Pasha to transfer to Alexandria the 4th Regiment, of which Achmet El Arabi is colonel. The Khedive received the first warning in the forenoon, and sent for Riaz Pasha. Mean- while Daoud Pasha received a document signed by Arabi, stating that unless the Government assented to their demands for the dismissal of the Ministry, a Constitution, and an increase of troops, they would march to the Abdin Palace at 3.30, and remain there till their demands were satisfied. Mr. Colvin ad- vised the Khedive to take the initiative, to summon personally the faithful regiments and the Cairo police, to* assemble them round the palace to await the rioters, and personally to arrest their leaders. On his arrival, however, the Khedive found the palace surrounded by about 4,000 troops, with 18 cannon. The Khedive wished to enter the palace by a side door, but Mr. Colvin restrained him and begged him to show himself at the front and arrest Arabi, who advanced towards him on horseback with his sabre drawn and surrounded by officers. The Khedive ordered him to dis- mount, while a sergeant told him to sheathe his sword. He did both, but Tewfik hesitated to adopt Mr. Colvin’s advice, and, instead of asking for his sword, inquired his business. The reply was, “ We come for law and jus- tice ; so long as you give us both you are our SEPTEMBER 1 88 1 OCTOBER master ; if not, we have your successor ready.” Mr. Colvin then withdrew with the Viceroy and undertook negotiations with the officers. He explained the folly and danger of their demands, and urged a withdrawal of the troops ; for if the Viceroy were forced to accept their terms he would not be allowed to carry them out. The officers, who were perfectly civil, stated that they had come for their three points, that the affair concerned them and not foreigners. Finally the Khedive accepted the dismissal of the Ministry under compulsion, leaving the other two points for reference to Constantinople. As regards the new Ministry, the officers attempted to enforce conditions, and then left it to the Khedive’s free choice ; but Haidar and Eyoub being proposed, they declined both names. The officers named Sherif; the Khedive said he would refuse office, but under pressure consented to sum- mon him. The colonels insisted that the declaration should be in writing. The Khedive ' signed a letter asking Sherif to form a Ministry, which was handed to the troops by Kairi Pasha, and read aloud by Arabi. lO. — The village of Elm, in the Canton of Glarus, Switzerland, overwhelmed by a landslip, in which 200 persons out of a popu- lation of 1,000 lost their lives. 12 . — The Turkish Governor-General of the Lebanon issues a special ordinance for the better protection of the famous cedar forest. From what had once covered a large tract of country, it had diminished to a thicket of about 400 trees. A wall was built round the remaining trees, and the enclosure placed in charge of a custodian, while the practice of cutting down branches as souvenirs was absolutely forbidden. 13 . — The ecclesiastical change inaugurated by the disestablishment of the Irish Church completed to-day by the publication of a notice in the Dublin Gazette dissolving the Irish Church Temporalities Commission created July 26th, 1869, and transferring its business to a department of the Land Commission. 15 . — Meeting of the National Land League Convention in Dublin. Mr. Parnell, who pre- sided, declared that the League was willing to make the best of the Land Bill, but that the Land Bill had not put an end to the work of the League. Resolutions were passed pledg- ing the Convention to struggle for national self-government and for the principles of the League, including the entire abolition of landlordism. About 1,300 delegates from all parts of Ireland attended. After the close of the Convention various meetings were held throughout the country, the speakers every- where adopting a tone of triumph and hopefulness. 19 . — After a long and painful struggle President Garfield expired at Long Branch $his evening at 10.30. The general sorrow 1362 and sympathy had, in the words of Earl Gran- ville, “been deepened by the long suspense, and the courage, dignity, and patience shown by the illustrious sufferer.” Her Majesty im- mediately on hearing the news telegraphed to Mrs. Garfield, “Words cannot express the deep sympathy I feel for you at this terrible moment. May God support and comfort you as He alone can.” The Court went into mourning for a week, this being the first time that such a mark of respect had been paid by an English Sovereign to the President of a Republic. The funeral took place at Cleve- land, Ohio, on the 26th, amid every expression of universal sympathy from a concourse of mourners estimated at 100,000. 20. — The marriage of the Crown Prince of Sweden with the Princess Victoria of Baden solemnised at Carlsruhe. — Towards the close of this month the con- dition of Ireland became extremely unsatisfac- tory. The “No Rent” cry grew louder and louder, stories of intimidation, maiming, and outrage grew daily more and more frequent, the prospect of smooth things prophesied by many seemed farther off than ever, violence ravaged unchecked, order was with impu- nity defied, and the law proved powerless. Father Sheehy and others liberated by the clemency of the Government, at once com- menced, posing as martyrs, to attack their liberators with a violence of language far ex- ceeding that for which they had been im- prisoned. 21 . — Three bishops of the sect of the Greek Church, calling themselves “Old Believers,” released from an imprisonment which had lasted since the year 1856. One of these pre- lates was over eighty years of age, and the youngest about seventy. They had been con- fined all these years in a monastery at Souzdal. Liberty had more than once been offered to them on the condition of their abandoning their episcopal titles, but this they consistently refused to do. They declared that even if they would they could not divest themselves of the divine office, which came from God, and not from men. 30 . — Official intimation made of the eleva- tion to the peerage of the United Kingdom of the Marquis of Tweeddale, as Baron Tweed- dale, of Yester, in the county of Haddington ; the Earl of Howth as Baron Howth, of Howth, in the county of Dublin ; Lord Reay as Baron Reay, of Durness, in the county of Sutherland ; Sir Harcourt Johnstone as Baron Derwent, of Hackness, in the North Riding of the county of York ; Sir Henry James Tufton as Baron Ilothfield, of Hothfield, in the county of Kent ; and Sir Dudley Coutts Marjoribanks as Baron Tweedmouth, of Edington, in the county of Berwick. October 3. — Sir S. Northcote, speaking on public affairs at a large Conservative demon- OCTOBER 1 88 1 OCTOBER stration at Hull, charged the Government with bringing humiliation on the country in relation to the Transvaal, and with exciting public anxiety lest their handling of the Egyptian question might seriously compromise British interests. He also strongly censured their tame attitude towards the Irish Land League, which had encouraged that body boldly to defy, if not to set aside, the Queen’s Government. 4 . — Died, aged 60, Sir John Burgess Kars- lake, Q.C., Attorney-General 1874. — The forces of the Ameer of Afghanistan enter Herat, having defeated Ay 00b Khan, who fled into Persia. 6 . — Seventeen of the Russian imperial palaces converted into educational establish- ments by order of the Czar. 7 . — Mr. Gladstone, speaking at Leeds and referring to the state of affairs in Ireland, described Mr. Parnell as the man who has made himself the head of the most violent party in the country. That it was no small matter, if he desired, to arrest the operation of the Act — to stand, as Moses stood, be- tween the living and the dead, but to stand there, not as Moses stood, to arrest, but to spread the plague. 9 . — Mr. Parnell, addressing a meeting at Wexford, replied to the “unscrupulous and dishonest speech” of Mr. Gladstone at Leeds, and declared the persistent determination of the Irish people to regain their lost legisla- tive independence. — Fire at Bristol, in which the Canynge Library, Hall, and Fifteenth Century Chamber were destroyed, damages being estimated at ^60,000. 10. — Died at Vienna, aged 53, Baron Haymerle, Austrian diplomatist and statesman. 11 . — For the first time in twenty years Her Majesty was present at a dramatic performance given by the Prince and Princess of Wales at Abergeldie, the piece being Mr. Burnand’s comedy of The Colonel. ■ — Conservative demonstration at Newcastle- on-Tyne attended by Lord Salisbury and Sir Stafford Northcote. 12 . — Mr. Gladstone presented at the Guild- hall with an address from the mayor, cor- poration, and artizans of London testifying to the respect and admiration in which they held his service to the State. 13 . — A gale of extraordinary violence raged throughout the British Islands, causing exten- sive damage to property and much loss of life. Many persons were injured by the fall of chim- neys and slates, and in the country large trees were uprooted by the force of the wind. Tele- graphic communication with the provinces and the Continent was almost entirely stopped by the damage done to the wires. During the gale on Friday the 15th, a fire broke out at Thaxted. Essex, which destroyed 23 dwelling-houses. The casualties at sea were distressingly nume- rous. Many fishing vessels were lost with their crews, and no less than 60 men belonging to Eyemouth perished. The large steamer Clan Macduff, from Liverpool for Bombay, foun- dered in the Irish Sea. Thirty-one persons were saved in the boats, but the remainder, some 20 in number, perished. 13 . — Arrest of Mr. Parnell. Superintendent Mallow and other members of the detective police called at Morrison’s Hotel, where Mr. Parnell was staying, between eight and nine in the morning. The officers were armed with two warrants, signed by the Right Hon. W. E. Forster (who had arrived by the morning boat from Holyhead), one charging Mr. Parnell with inciting people to intimidate others from paying just rents, and the other charging him with intimidating tenants from taking benefits under the new Land Act. When the superin- tendent saw the hon. member for Cork and announced the object of his early visit, Mr. Parnell appeared greatly surprised, but asked f )r some little time in which to dress and have his breakfast. His request was granted, and about half-past 9 the party left Dawson-street in a cab for Kilmainham, where Mr. Parnell was handed over to the custody of the Deputy- Governor. Mr. Dillon, Mr. Sexton, Mr. O’Kelly, and the chief officials of the League, were also arrested at the same time and con- veyed to Kilmainham. Egan the treasurer, escaped to Paris, and other members only saved themselves from arrest by keeping out of Ireland. — The Royal Toxophilite Society celebrates its centenary by shooting for a silver challenge jug, presented in 1836 by William IV. Mr. Palairet was declared champion, with a score of 1,062 from 210 hits. — Died, at Oxford, aged 75, the Rev. Francis Knyvett Leighton, D.D., Vice-Chan- cellor of the University, 1856-70, and Warden of All Souls. He was succeeded as warden by Sir William R. Anson, Bart., D.C.L. 16 . — Died, aged 63, Raphael Monti, sculptor, whose “veiled statue” elicited high praise when first exhibited in 1847. 18 . — The Land Leaguers imprisoned in Kilmainham issue a manifesto calling upon the Irish tenantry to pay no rent while their leaders were in gaol. The Government imme- diately declared the Land League an illegal body, and firmly suppressed its branches throughout the country. 19 . — The Great Eastern steamship put up for auction at Lloyd’s. The first bid was ;£ 20,000, and by slow degrees the price offered 1363 OCTOBER 1 88 1 NOVEMBER rose to ^30,000. No further advance being obtained, the ship was withdrawn, amidst a considerable amount of laughter. 22. — The rejoicings in connection with the Centenary of the Surrender of Yorktown brought to a close with a salute to the British flag. 23 . — Died, at Edinburgh, aged 75, Lieu- tenant-General Colin Mackenzie, C.B. , dis- tinguished for his services in the Afghan campaigns. 25 . — Died, aged 49, Joshua Williams, Q.C., author of the Law of Real Pro- perty. 26 . — The French troops enter Kairwan, 'the holy city of the Tunisian Moslems. — Statue of the late Rev. Norman Mac- leod D.D., (Mossman, sculptor), unveiled in Cathedral Square, Glasgow. 29 . — Strike of the Venetian Gondolieri against the introduction of steam-launches in the canals of the city. — The arrival in Rome of Mr. Errington, M.P., gives rise to the idea of the renewal of direct diplomatic relations with the Vatican. Leo XIII. had openly lamented the want of that direct official information which would effectually permit of his supporting the action of Her Majesty’s Government, and aiding in the development, in Ireland especially, of his theory of peace between princes and peoples. — Died, at Rome, aged 86, Cardinal Prospero Caterini, the oldest member of the Sacred College, having lived during the reigns of seven Pontiffs. 31 . — Died, aged 50, Alexander Macdonald, M.P. for Stafford, a native of Lanarkshire, and long prominent as an agent in the interests of miners. November 1. — Lord O’ Hagan resigns the Irish Chancellorship, his place being filled by the Attorney- General for Ireland, Mr. Law. — Died, at Geneva, aged 82, Colonel Hulm Saladin, a prominent organiser of the Geneva Society for the protection of wounded soldiers. 5 . — Died at Weston-super-Mare, aged 73, the very Rev. George Henry Sacheverell Johnson, M.A., Dean of Wells. — Died, aged 54, Lord Curriehill, one of the Judges of the Court of Session. 7 . — Died, aged 90, John M’Hale, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam. 10. — Strike of 30,000 hands in the Potteries, in consequence of the employers refusing an advance of wages. 11 . — The Rev. E. H. Plumptre, D.D., pro- fessor of Biblical Exegesis, at King’s College, London, appointed to the Deanery of Wells. 1364 11 . — Memorial to Thomas Clarkson, the philanthropist and coadjutor of Wilberforce, unveiled at Wisbeach, his native place, by the Speaker, Sir Henry Brand, G.C.B. 12 . — Colston’s day (November 13) falling this year on a Sunday, the customary gather- ings were held to-day. Lord Salisbury and Mr. Gibson were the principal speakers at the Conservative meeting, while Earl Spencer and the Attorney-General vindicated the policy of the Government at the Liberal banquet. 15 . Died at Wimbledon, aged 72, William Rathbone Greg, author of “ Political Pro- blems,” “Enigmas of Life,” &c. 16 . — Mr. John Bright’s 70th birthday cele- brated at Rochdale by a general holiday. At a banquet in the evening Mr. Bright reviewed at length the political movements with which he had been associated, and expressed a hope that further reforms, including the separation of Church and State, would not be long de- ferred. — The steamer Solway when on a voyage between Glasgow and Bristol discovered to be on fire, a barrel of naphtha having burst and become ignited at a stove in the steerage. Eleven passengers lost their lives, and the re- mainder, with the crew, managed to bring the vessel into Kingston, after a heroic struggle with the flames while exposed to the fury of a storm. — Mail robbery at Hatton Garden Post- office. Shortly after dusk, when the work of making up the bags was just completed, the gas was suddenly turned off at the meter, and in the consequent confusion the mail bags were carried off. The bags contained registered letters, many inclosing diamonds and other property to the value of ^15,000. Rewards of ^1,000 and £200 were offered by the in- surance offices and the Post-office respectively, but without result. 20.— Died at Mentone, aged 77, Sir Hugh Owen, Welsh educationist and secretary of the Local Government Board. 22. — Died at Pitlochrie, Perthshire, Joseph Nettlefold, a notable benefactor of Birming- ham, and one of its chief manufacturers. 28 . — Died at Madeira, aged 31, Adam M’Coll, African missionary. 30 . — International Exhibition of Smoke- Preventing appliances, opened at South Ken- sington, by the Lord Mayor. — Mr. O’Donovan, special correspondent of the Daily News, who had been for a time a prisoner in Merv, arrives at Constantinople, having been appointed Envoy Plenipotentiary to all the European Princes, by the Governing Council of Merv. DECEMBER 88 1 DECEMBER December 2. — Died at Rome, aged 59, Cardinal Edward Borromeo Camerlengo. — The remains of the late Earl of Craw- ford and Balcarres stolen from the family mausoleum at Dunecht, near Aberdeen. The discovery that the vault had been tampered with, was made by a workman on the estate, and investigation showed that the different coffins had been deliberately unscrewed, or cut open, and the body taken away. 3 . — Attempt made to blowup the city Court House, Montreal, by an explosive machine con- taining ten pounds of dynamite. The machine, which had a clockwork attachment, was dis- covered early. — Encounter near Pemba Island, off the East Coast of Africa, between the pinnace of H.M.S. London, and a slave dhow, Captain Brownrigg and four of his crew being killed. — Died at Witham, Essex, aged 82, Admiral Edward Joseph Bird, Arctic explorer. 4 . — Jewellery to the value of ,£60,000 stolen from the seat of Lord Hill Trevor, at Brynkinalt, near Chirk, North Wales, while the family were absent at morning church. G. — The first of a line of vessels sailing under the Chinese flag, arrived in the Thames, having on board 3,000 tons of tea. 5. — Destruction of the Ring Theatre at Vienna by fire, the loss of life, which was never exactly ascertained, being variously esti- mated at from 600 to 800 persons. The fire commenced on the stage before the curtain was raised, and for a time the audience knew nothing about it, but great heat began to be felt in the house, and suddenly the curtain split in two displaying the stage in a sea of fire, which instantly spread to the galleries and wood-work of the auditory. The majority of those in the pit were rescued, but the narrow wooden stairs leading from the galleries sjon became jammed with struggling masses of panic-stricken people, whose confusion and despair was heightened when on the bursting of the gasometer the whole passages were in- volved in total darkness. — Pope Leo XIII. officiates for the first time at the high altar of St. Peter’s, on the occasion of a canonization. 9 . — Died at Richmond, South Africa, T. F. Burgers, ex-President of the Transvaal. 10. — Mr. W. Powell, M.P. for Malmes- bury, ascended from Bath in a balloon, accom- panied by Captain Templer and Mr. Gardner. The balloon was Brought close to earth near Bridport, and two of the occupants were thrown from the car, Mr. Gardner sustaining a fracture of the leg. The balloon again ascend- ed with Mr. Powell, of whom nothing was ever heard. IO. — A terrible accident this, Saturday, morning at Canonbury Junction of the Great Northern and North London Railways. A train just starting was run into in a tunnel by another train ; that again was almost immedi- ately run into by a third train, and shortly after a fourth train was in collision with the others, Five persons were killed, and many others were more or less severely injured. 12. — Sale of the first portion of Sunderland Library, removed from Blenheim Palace, which had extended over ten days, concluded to-day, Monday. Total sum realised by this first sale ^ 19 , 377 - — Died at Stratford, Essex, aged 70, Sir Antonio Brady, F.G. S., late superintendent of the Navy purchase and contract department. 13 . — Meeting held in the Chapter House, Westminster, presided over by Dean Bradley, to promote a memorial to the late Dean Stanley. The first resolution was moved by the Prince of Wales, and seconded by Earl Granville, and it was agreed that the memorial should consist of a figure of the Dean by his grave, and the completion of the stained glass windows in the Chapter House. 14 -. — Died at St. Leonards-on-Sea, aged 81, Decimus Burton, architect. 15 . — The town of Godaiming lighted by electricity, the contract with the gas company having been allowed to expire. Incandescent lamps were used for the small streets and arc lights for the larger, the motive power being the water in the river Wey. — Mrs. Langtry appears for the first time before a general London audience as Miss Plardcastle in “ She Stoops to Conquer,” the occasion being an afternoon performance for the benefit of the Royal General Theatrical Fund. The Prince and Princess of Wales, and an immense company of fashionable and professional celebrities w ? ere present in the Haymarket Theatre on this interesting occa- sion. 16 . — Died at Banwell, Somersetshire, aged 73, General Sir William Erskine Baker, K.C.B., Indian officer. 17 . — News received of the American Arctic exploring steamer Jeannette , which had left San Francisco, in June 1879. In June of this year the vessel was destroyed by ice in lat. 77 north, long. 157 east.- After much suffering the survivors reached the mouth of the Lena on September 29, and the Russian Govern- ment immediately took energetic measures for their relief. 18 . — Died at Chester, aged 90, General Thomas Gerrnrd Bell, Peninsular Veteran. — Died in London, aged 57, George Edmund Street, R.A., architect. 1365 DECEMBER 881-82 JANUARY 19 . — Forty-five lives lost through an explo- sion in Abram Colliery, Wigan. 20 — The Sultan signs an Irade settling the claims of the Turkish bondholders. The capital of the debt was reduced to ^106,409,880 less than half the nominal amount, and in respect of interest all loans were placed on the same level, each receiving a sum proportionate to the issue price. — Died aged 92, Colonel James O. Lindam, K. H., a Peninsular and Waterloo veteran. — Died at Passy, Grenville Murray, journal- ist and author. 23 . — The Judges of the Scottish Court of Session rejected a suit of the liquidators of the late City of Glasgow Bank against Mr. W. Mackinnon, late a director, for repayment of j£ 3 12,000, the sum paid away as profits be- tween 1858 and 1870 beyond the just earnings of the Bank. 25 . — At Warsaw, during divine service in the Church of the Holy Cross, a false alarm of fire, raised it was stated by a Jew pickpocket, caused the death of some thirty persons. Most of the Jewish shops and tenements were in consequence sacked by the mob. 27 . — Died, aged 74, the Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Lusk, Lord Justice of Appeal. 1882. January 2. — Political agitation in Ireland presents a new and unexpected feature of danger at a meeting of the Central Executive of the Ladies’ Land League, Dublin, presided over by Miss Parnell, several violent speeches being made, and Mr. Parnell himself referred to as the “uncrowned King of Ireland.” Several of the fair enthusiasts were warned, and even detained for a short time, but no pro- ceedings were instituted against the branch, which was broken up during the year on the advice of the League. 3 . — Meeting of Irish landlords in Dublin to protest against the mode in which the Land Act was being administered by Sub-Commissioners. The chairman, the Duke of Abercorn, while accepting the Act as a legal measure, protested against allowing their fortunes and thebirthright of their children to be sacrificed in a vain attempt to perpetuate and appease a seditious and homicidal Land League. — Dublin Corporation, by a majority of 29 to 23 votes, agree to confer the freedom of the city on Messrs. Parnell and Dillon. — Murder of the two Huddys, grandfather and grandson, while collecting rents for Lord Ardilaun, at Cong, a wild part of Connemara, known as the Joyce country, where Lord Mountmorres met his death, 25th September, 1880. The process-bag was discovered on the 1366 roadside without much search, but the bodies, although tracked by blood-hounds, were not discovered till Lough Mask was dragged and the two found in a sack, tied together ap- parently after being shot. The murderers were discovered through the testimony of an informer placed in the witness-box in connection with the massacre of the Joyce family towards the close of the year. 3 . — Died at Reigate, aged 77, William Harrison Ainsworth, author of “Jack Shep- pard,” and many worthier historical novels ; succeeded Dickens in 1840 as editor of “Bentley’s Miscellany.” Mr. Ainsworth was born in Manchester, and began his career of story-telling while quite a youth. 4 . — Died, aged 71, Hon. James Macdonald, General Private Secretary to the Duke of Cambridge. — Lord Derby appears in public for the first time as a Liberal at a banquet given in his honour by the Liverpool Reform Club. His Lordship takes advantage of the occasion to explain his change of political connection, and vindicates at the same time his consistency of opinion. — Died at Best wood Lodge, near Notting- ham, the seat of the Duke of St. Albans, where he had been passing the Christmas holidays, Ralph Bernal Osborne, of considerable note in his day as a genial and witty member of the House of Commons. Mr. Bernal Osborne, son of the famous art collector, was born in 1814. 5 . — Sir John Holker, ex-Attorney-General, appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal. 6 . — Died at Rome, aged 66, Richard Henry Dana, an American jurist and politician, son of the poet, and author of “ Two Years Before the Mast.” — Instructions from “Captain Moon- light.” A sub-constable to-day, in giving evidence at Macroom Petty Sessions, de- scribed certain discoveries which followed upon the arrest of one Daniel O’Connell, in custody along with three others on charges of forcibly entering houses in the neighbourhood of Macroom and Mill Street, and taking there- from arms and other articles. The prisoners were brought from Cork under an escort of ten policemen, while a force of twelve others awaited their arrival at Macroom railway station. A crowd appeared to have gathered on the occasion, but no violence was attempted. Sub-constable Thomas Cohill gave evidence of the arrest of Connell at the house of Thomas Shea at Rahelisk. Connell gave his name as “ M. L. Sullivan.” Witness directed him to get up, at the same time keeping a revolver presented at the prisoner. Connell endeavoured JANUAR Y 1882 JANUAR Y to pass liis waistcoat to one of Shea’s daughters who had come into the room. The constable took the vest from both, and on searching it found several documents. One was directed to Patrick Ring, of Horsemount, and ran thus : — “This lot of enclosed orders must be per- formed. Notice — Good men and self in person to appear with arms at an early hour at James Twohig’s on the night of the 30th December, 1881, bringing Healy’s shears and bayonet out of the stook, and false whiskers from Owen Riordan also.” It was signed by “Moon- light.” The second document contained regi- mental orders by “Captain Moonlight” for appointed raids “30th of December, 1881. No. 1. Regimental orders by Captain Moon- light — James Sullivan to be shot in the leg ; mother and daughters to be clipped for dealing at Hegarty’s. No. 2. Jeremiah Linehan, for story-telling to Father T., clipped also. No. 3. Denis Coakley, for turning out his labourers, clipped also. No. 4. John Murphy, shot in the legs for paying his rent. No. 5. Another man, name unknown, also to be shot in the legs for paying his rent. Signed and con- firmed, Captain Moonlight. Mary Coakley to be clipped for speaking to the police in Macroom.” The constable proceeded to say that he found four revolvers in an outhouse between the thatch and the wall ; three of them were loaded. Sub-inspector Tyrrel got Connell to write, and this writing being com- pared with that in the document showed that both were by the same hand. Thomas Cudmore, whose house was attacked, deposed to having been compelled by an armed party to give up his double-barrelled gun. He could not identify any of the prisoners. Andrew M’Carthy, who was staying in Mrs. Fitz- gerald’s house at the time of the attack, identified all the prisoners. Mrs. Fitzgerald, however, could not recognise any of them. Daniel Leary, whose house was also visited, identified one of the revolvers as having been taken from him. All the prisoners were com- mitted for trial at the Assizes. 6 . — Collective Note presented to the Khedive declaring the intention of Britain and France to uphold the authority of his Highness against the rebellious demonstrations of a portion of his subjects, believed to be encouraged by agents of the Porte. Arabi Pasha was ap- pointed at the same time Under Secretary of State for War. 7 . — Closing representation of a “Miracle Play ” in the village of Rouslench, Worcester- shire, the notion having been suggested to the Rector, it was said, by “The Ober-Amergau Passion Play.” 9 . — Irish official returns regarding outrages show a total of 7,788 reported in 1881, as against 3 , 5°5 1879, Connaught having increased nearly 2,000, and Munster 2,288; Leinster had increased within the same period. 976, and Ulster only 228. 13 . — Railway accident in the suburbs of New York through a disarrangement of the air-break, several senators returning from Albany being among the passengers killed. 15 . — Died in Lowndes Square, aged 77, Vice-Chancellor Sir Richard Malins, Con- servative M.P. for Wallingford 1852-65. 16 . — Died in Edinburgh, aged 76, Sir Daniel Macnee, LL.D., President of the Royal Scottish Academy, famous as a portrait painter, but known to a select circle of friends as the best of Scottish story-tellers. Sir Daniel, who suc- ceeded Sir George Harvey as President in 1876, was a native of Fintry, Stirlingshire. 17 . — Died in Paris, aged 69, Charles Blanc, art critic, brother of M. Louis Blanc, and of kindred republican sentiments, who also found refuge in England when the Coup d’Etat de- prived him of the office of Directeur des Beaux Arts. 20. — Hammersmith station of the Metro- politan District Railway destroyed by fire. — Died in Sheffield, while on a visit, Wil- liam Miller, of Millerfield, Edinburgh, land- scape engraver, aged 89. — Died at Redhill, aged 90, John Lin- nell, a landscape painter, who began a career famous in the annals of art so far back as 1804. 21. — Garibaldi, presently in an infirm state of health, arrives at Naples on a visit. — Died at Munich, Hermann von Schlagin- tweit, German traveller and naturalist. 24 . — Election contest in the North Riding — the first since 1868 — a Conservative (Dawnay) being returned by 8,135 votes against 7,749 given to Rowlandson, Liberal. 25 . — After a trial extending over seventy- two days, the prisoner increasing in violence and eccentricity towards the close, Charles Guiteau is found guilty of murdering President Garfield, and sentenced to be executed on June 10th. 26 . — The Gambetta Ministry resign after being defeated in the French Chamber on a vote regarding the revision of the Constitution. — Collision, during a fog, on the Great Northern line at Hornsey, a train standing at the station being run into by another arriving from London ; two persons killed and twenty more or less injured. 27 . — Died in Edinburgh, aged 85, Professor Sir Robert Christison, Bart., M.D., F.R. S., an acknowledged authority in medical juris- prudence. On his resignation in 1877, Sir Robert had filled the Chair of Materia Medica in Edinburgh University for over forty-five years. Professor Christison represented the medical profession in Scotland in the newly- JANUARY 1882 FEBRUARY constituted Medical Council of the United Kingdom, and had been twice President of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. 27 . — Died in Belfast, Professor Thomas Edward Cliffe Leslie, the occupant for over a quarter of a century of the Chair of Juris- prudence and Political Economy in Queen’s College. — Robert Alfred Herman (Trinity) de- clared Senior Wrangler in the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos, the last occasion on which this distinctive honour was awarded, the future examinations being arranged to consist of three parts, two held in June and the third, open to Wranglers only, in January. Miss Burstall and several other ladies from Girton College won an honourable place in the examination. 23 . — Another collision on the North London Railway, caused by the break-down of a light- truck train, near Fairfield Road Bridge ; five passengers — one man, three women, and an infant — killed. — Died, aged 62, Richard Brinsley Knowles, essayist, son of Sheridan Knowles, dramatist. — Died, aged 69, Sir William Henry Drake, K.C.B., Supply and Transport Service. February 3 . — Queen’s University, Dublin, closed by absorption into the newly-established Royal Irish University, the old students simu- lating grief by a mock funeral procession pre- paratory to interring the gowns of an M. A, and B.A. with a suitable oration. — Jubilee of Chambers's Journal observed in Edinburgh by the presentation of addresses to Dr. William Chambers from publishers and booksellers, and also from his work-people, some of whom had passed their lives in the service of the firm. — United Ireland newspaper, previously suppressed in Dublin, seized in Liverpool and confiscated as a disaffected Home Rule and League organ. 4 . — Died in Earl’s Court Square, aged 52, Major Sir William Palliser, C. B., and M.P. for Taunton, inventor of the powerful pro- jectile for piercing armour-plated ships bearing his name. 5 . — Died at Edinburgh, aged 57, Rev. James Stormonth, compiler of a comprehensive and useful English Dictionary. 7 . — Third session of the tenth Parliament of the present reign opened by Commission, intimation being made in the Royal Speech of the approaching alliance between Leopold, Duke of Albany, and the Princess Helen of Waldeck Pyrmont. The condition of Ireland at this time, it was said, “ as compared with that which I described at the beginning of last year, shows signs of improvement, and en- courages the hope that perseverance in the course you have pursued will be rewarded with the happy results which are so much to be de- sired. Justice has been administered with greater efficacy ; and the intimidation which has been employed to deter occupiers of land from fulfilling their obligations, and from availing themselves of the Act of last session, shows upon the whole a diminished force.” In the evening, after an acrimonious debate, Sir Staf- ford Northcote carried, by a majority of fifty- eight, a fresh resolution for excluding Mr. Bradlaugh : “That, having regard to the reso- lutions of this House of June 22, 1880, and of April 26, 1881, and to the reports and pro- ceedings of the two Select Committees therein referred to, Mr. Bradlaugh be not permitted to go through the form of repeating the words of the oath prescribed by 29 Vic., c. 19, and 31 and 32 Vic., c. 72.” The Home Secretary, on behalf of the Premier, moved the previous question. Mr. Bradlaugh was heard at the Bar, and the motion was then carried by 286 to 228. After another attempt Mr. Bradlaugh withdrew. Mr. Gladstone then stated his in- tention of moving his Resolutions on Procedure on the following Monday. The arrest in Ire- land of Messrs. Parnell, Sexton, O’Kelly, and Dillon, also the release of Mr. Sexton, were reported by the Speaker. Mr. Gray moved to refer the matter to a Select Committee, which was negatived by 174 to 45. The customary Address was debated over a week ; Mr. Sexton towards the close defending “boycotting” which, however, he said was not the invention of The League. So long as it was confined within the limits of social discountenancing and negative action he entirely approved of the practice, and was prepared to justify it on moral and public grounds. 7 . — The Judicial Committee of Privy Council reverse the judgment of June, 1880, in which Lord Penzance refused to pass a sentence of deprivation on Mr. Mackonochie. The ex- pression of any formal reason was in the mean- time reserved. 8. — Died at Cannes, aged 70, Berthold Auerbach, a German-Jewish philosopher and historian, author of “Tales of the Black Forest,” birthplace of the novelist. 11 . — Explosion, thought to have originated through the upsetting of an oil can, in Coedcae Colliery, Rhondda Valley, Glamorganshire ; loss, six lives. 13 . — Died in Paris, aged 68, Madame Celeste-Elliott, a dancer of repute, famous also in melodrama, and a theatrical lessee. 16 . — Coi.servative returned at Taunton, Mr. C. Allsopp heading the poll with 1,144 votes against, 917 given to Viscount Kilcoursie (Liberal). 17 . — The House of Lords by a majority of 96 to 53 agree fo Lord Donoughmore’s motion for a Select Committee to inquire into the working of the Irish Land Act. On the 20th Lord Granville announced that Government FEBRUAR V 882 FEBRUARY would take no part in the work of the Com- mittee, while in the Commons on the same date Mr. Gladstone gave notice of a motion condemning the action of the House of Lords {See March 9th). 17 . — In the Commons Mr. Gladstone moves that the orders of the day stand postponed in favour of his Procedure Resolutions. These provided for the closing of debate by a bare majority approving the putting of the question by the Speaker ; but the question under dis- cussion was not to be decided in the affirmative unless supported by 200 members, or opposed by less than 40. Mr. Marriott gave notice of amendment against the ruling of a bare majority. 20. — Newspapers of the day are now much occupied in recording and discussing such items of intelligence from Ireland, as that Mr. Heflferman, the postmaster of Dromkeen, has been waylaid and his skull fractured so badly that his life is in danger. “The house of a farmer named Donellan, near Kilmihill, has been fired into. The tenants at Newgrove have been visited by an .armed party, who made them take an oath not to pay their rents. A party of ai-med men were surprised at Drom- blane, near Thurles, while attacking the house of a farmer named Ryan, who was suspected of having paid his rent. They had wrecked the windows and discharged several shots when they were fired on by a police patrol in ambush ancl one of them wounded. The others fled. The injured man, John Dyer, is the son of a farmer at Mealiffe. He is reported to be fatally wounded. Two daring attempts to blow up houses with dynamite are reported. A heavy charge of dynamite was placed against the house of Mr. Mahon, agent to Lord Clonbrock, in county Galway, on Sunday night, and on its being fired a wall was blown down, and the windows of the house were shattered. A similar attempt was made to blow up a farm- house occupied by brothers named Lucas, at Letterkenny, the house being partly wrecked, and the inmates owing their escape from injury to the fact that they were sleeping at the back part of the premises. A reward of ^500 is offered by the Lord -Lieutenant for information leading to the conviction of the person or persons who fired at Messrs. Carter and Froome at Belmullet on the 15th inst.” . 21. — A new writ for Northampton having been refused in the Commons, Mr. Bradlaugh stepped forward to the table of the House, and drawing a small volume (presumed to be a New Testament) from his pocket, repeated the words of the oath, kissed the book, and there- after took his seat. Next day a discussion on Mr. Bradlaugh’s case led to his expulsion from the House by 297 to 80 votes ; a new writ was thereafter issued for Northampton. 22. — Michael Davitt, a released convict, adjudged guilty of treason-felony, returned for Meath unopposed in room of A. M. Sullivan, resigned. The return was rejected by the House after discussion on the 28th, only 20 voting in Davitt’s favour against 208. 22. — Died in Belgrave Square, aged 87, Catherine, Dowager Countess of Essex, formerly Miss Stephens, famous for her beauty as well as for her singing and acting. 25 . — Electric Exhibition at the Crystal Palace, opened by Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh without ceremony. — Died at Cannes, aged 76, the Rev. Dr. Robertson, minister of New Greyfriars Parish, Edinburgh. 26 . — Died, aged 75, William White, for many years an officer of the House of Commons. — Died, aged 80, Lewis Gruner, artist. — Nihilist trial concluded at St. Petersburg, ten of the criminals being sentenced to death and the remainder to various terms of banish- ment or imprisonment. — An informer named Bernard Bailey, residing for some time in the police barracks, shot dead in Skipper’s Alley, Dublin, at a time when the place was crowded with people, and policemen on duty in the immediate neighbourhood. A reward of £$00 was offered but failed to elicit information. - — “Moonlighters ” at work in Clare County. So far as could be ascertained the facts appeared to be as follows : On the townland of Leigh- ton, within three miles of Feakle lived two large farmers — Michael Morony and James M’Namara. “It is stated that they were suspected of having paid their rent ; but, be this as it may, on Saturday night Morony was in M’Namara’s house, after spending the evening with him, when a number of men were heard approaching. It was thought they might be troops or police passing, so Morony went to the door to look out. He observed some 40 or 50 armed men on the roadside, the major portion being disguised, and at once closed the door after him and pro- ceeded stealthily to his own house, which was on the opposite side of the road. He there informed his wife that a party of ‘ moon- lighters ’ were outside. Terrified at the announcement, Mrs. Morony bolted and barred the premises, quenched the light, and saw a party of 16 men enter M’Namara’s house opposite. The gang placed M’Namara on his knees ; he was told to keep his head down and four shots were fired over him. One of the party, it is alleged, was about to fire at M’Namara but was prevented by a comrade. A son of M’Namara, a mere lad, who had con- cealed himself, was dragged from his hiding place and was twice stabbed with a bayonet, but not dangerously. The men then crossed to Morony’s house, but were refused admission. Three shots were thereupon fired through the 1369 FEBRUARY 1882 MARCH window, and ultimately the door was forced and the gang entered. Mrs. Morony was stand- ing in the kitchen. One man demanded why they had been so long detained without being admitted, and in reply the poor woman stated that she was unable to open the door. One of the ruffians then placed the muzzle of a loaded gun to her head and asked where her husband was. She was brutally struck, and then reluctantly stated that her husband was in the bedroom. He was at once dragged into the kitchen, compelled to hold down his head, and struck on the eye with a butt- end of a rifle.” A man said, “ Morony, you paid your rent,” when another stepped forward and, placing the muzzle of a rifle to Morony’s leg immediately below the knee, drew the trigger and fired, shattering the bones to pieces. The “moonlighters” then left. The houses of four other tenants were next visited, shots being fired and warnings given not to pay rent to landlord Brady. Morony died from his wounds two days afterwards.” A young man, Patrick Freeley, son of a farmer at Ballydrehid, Mayo, was shot dead by an armed party, which broke into the house at night, searching for the father, who had paid his rent. 27 . — Her Majesty’s memorial to Lord Beaconsfield (R. C. Belt, sculptor) erected in Hughenden Church. The centre of the memorial is occupied by a profile portrait carved in low relief. Beneath is a tablet bearing an inscription penned by the Queen herself : — “To the dear and honoured Memory of Benjamin Earl of Beaconsfield, this Memorial is placed by his grateful and affectionate Sovereign and friend, Victoria, R.I. ‘Kings love him that speaketh right.’ — Prov. xvi. 1 3.” — Died at Scarborough, aged 73 j George Leeman, solicitor, late M.P. for York, and three times Mayor of his native city. 28 . — A meeting, presided over by the Prince of Wales, held in the Banqueting Hall, St. James’s Palace, with the object of obtaining public support for the proposed Royal College of Music. March 1 . — Successful experiments with oil in stilling waves carried on at Peterhead, the pumping apparatus wrought by Mr. Shields making the running sea at North Harbour entrance quite smooth. — The wide historical estate of Swinton Park, North Yorkshire, owned for generations by descendants of Leofric of Mercia and Lady Godiva, afterwards by relatives of the Con- queror, and more recently by Scropes and Danbys, sold for ,£400,000, exclusive of the timber, to Mr. S. Cunliffe Lister, of Broughton Hall, Skipton-in-Craven. 2. — The Queen fired at when entering her carriage at Windsor station with the Princess Beatrice, and the criminal, Roderick Mac- 1370 lean, instantly seized. No one was injured. Tried for the offence of high treason, Maclean was found to have been a disappointed poverty- stricken person of weak intellect, and confined to an asylum during her Majesty’s pleasifre. Congratulatory addresses on the royal escape were unanimously adopted in both Houses of Parliament. 2 . — Charles Bradlaugh re-elected for North- ampton— the third time returned as joint member for the borough. 3 . — Monuments to the poet Keats and his artist friend Mr. Severn unveiled in the Pro- testant Cemetery at Rome, in presence of many English residents, the ceremony of unveiling, in absence of Lord Houghton, being presided over by Mr. T. A. Trollope and Mr. Storey, American sculptor. 4 . — Anticipating, as was explained after- wards, some trouble through increasing uncer- tainty of temper, the Council of the Zoological Society of London arrange with Mr. Barnum, of New York, to accept £'2,000 as the price of their huge and aged African elephant “Jumbo,” a metropolitan favourite as he turned out, se- cond to few other attractions off the stage. Mr. Ruskin was among those who pleaded hard for “Jumbo’s” retention in the Gardens, where he was so well known and liked by visitors of all ages, but especially by children freely permitted to ride along the walks in his howdah. — Colonel Brine and Mr. Simmons picked up by the Channel mail-packet Foam after abandoning a balloon in which they left Canter- bury to cross over to the French coast, but through a sudden change of wind drifted towards the North Sea. 6. — Died in London, aged 69, Edwin J. James, formerly M.P. for Marylebone, and an English barrister and Q.C. till 1862, when his name was removed from among the Benchers of the Middle Temple. (See p. 628.) — Servia proclaimed a kingdom, Prince Milan, of the Obrenovich family, assuming the title of Milan I. 7 . — Died at Melton Mowbray, aged 82, the Right Hon. Thomas Egerton, second Earl of Wilton, prominent in sport and yachting. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 72, John Muir, D.C.L., LL. D., formerly of the Bengal Civil Service, and justly classed among, the most profound Sanscrit scholars of his day. Dr. Muir was a native of Glasgow, and educated at the University there, after leaving Irvine Academy. Haileybury was attended prepara- tory to passing through the College at Fort William, Calcutta, in 1829. — Died, aged 77, Rev. Thomas Jarrett, Canon of Ely, and Regius Professor of Hebrew, Cambridge. MARCH 1882 MARCH 8 . — Extensive floods reported from the Mississippi Valley, by which 60,000 persons were rendered homeless, and enormous quan- tities of property destroyed. — Died at Rome, aged 67, Giovanni Lanzi, Italian statesman. — Elephant “Jumbo,” who had suddenly become one of the most popular characters of. the day, having been thrown into the Chance y Division of the High Court of Justice for the purpose of preventing his removal, Mr. Justice Chitty decides to-day that the Zoological Society had power to ? ell any animal as incidental to the management. IO — Died, aged 69, Francis Wey, originator of “ the feuilleton” novel. — Died at Bonyside, near Linlithgow, aged 51, Sir C harles Wyville Thomson, F. R.S., late Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh, and chief civilian in the Challenger expedition. 11 . — A party of spiritualists from London prosecute certain occult investigations at Dun- echt House for the purpose of discovering Lord Crawford’s stolen body. They gave out as having seen the body carried out of the vault to a house on the estate, and “after- wards removed to a field that slopes towards a wood.” — Died in Ashley Place, Westminster, aged 67, Captain Hans Busk, D.C.L., zealous as a rifle volunteer in the earliest days of the move- ment, and author of “The Rifle, and How to Use It,” as well as of various important contributions to periodical literature. 12. — Archbishop MacCabe, of Dublin, created a Cardinal. — Died at Sydenham, aged 88, R osina Wheeler, Dowager Lady Lytton, author of “ Cheveley,” and other novels, having entered upm an unhappy course of married life with Bulwer, afterwards Lord Lytton, in 1837. 13 . — Earthquake at Costa Rica, and thousands of lives reported to have been lost. 14 . — The Queen and Princess Beatrice leave England for a month’s stay at Mentone. — After a trial extending over five days before Mr. Justice Hawkins in the Central Criminal Court, Old Bailey, the jury return a verdict of “Guilty” against George Henry Lamson, charged with the murder by poison of his young and somewhat infirm brother-in-law, Percy Malcolm John. The prisoner, twenty- nine years of age, and son of a clergyman, was a surgeon by profession, residing a year or two of late at Bournemouth and Ventnor. In the autumn of 1878, he married Miss Kate John, one of several brothers and sisters, whose parents were dead, and who had inherited a l\7i small property to be divided among them. The youngest brother, Percy Malcolm John, was a cripple, afflicted with curvature of the spine and paralysis of the lower limbs. He would have been nineteen years of age on December 18, but his death before the age of twenty-one would be a gain of ^1,500 to his sister’s husband, Lamson, who was in a des- perately embarrassed pecuniary condition. The boy was a pupil at the private boarding-school of Mr. W. H. Bedbrook, Blenheim House, Wimbledon. Here Lamson came to visit him; and on December 3, while in easy conversation with Mr. Bedbrook and the unfortunate youth, produced some capsules for taking medicine, but into which he pretended only to put sugar. He persuaded the lad to swallow one, and immediately left the house. Percy Malcolm John was taken ill a few minutes afterwards, and died in three or four hours, having been poisoned by a dose of aconitine. It was proved that Lamson had recently made purchases of that deadly ingredient. At the end of his trial, the jury were in deliberation three-quar- ters of an hour. The prisoner, on being asked the usual question after the verdict, protested his innocence, and Mr. Justice Hawkins then passed the sentence of death, which- he received calmly. 15 . — A poll in St. Saviour’s parish, South- wark, results in the acceptance of the Bishop of Rochester’s offer to foreclose the advowson for £ 7,000 , two satisfactory results being thus attained — the abolition of Church rates, and the restoration to the parish of its ancient name of St. Mary Overy. 20 . — Continued outrages in Ireland, Sub- Inspector Doherty and a young woman being shot at when driving between Ballymote and Tubbercurry ; the son of a gamekeeper on Lord Ardilaun’s estate beaten to death and his mother grievously injured near Clonbur ; while a poor hairdreesser’s assistant named Andrews, against whom little could be alleged, was both stabbed and shot within a house in Tighe Street, Dublin. The condition of the country, it was reported, “ as revealed during the past week in the reports from the Assizes, arrests, and number of crimes and outrages perpetrated in several districts is beginning to call forth an expression of horror and alarm even from quarters in which, until recently it had been represented in a favourable light. Such events as the attempt upon the life of Mr. Carter and the atrocities committed in parts of Clare and Kerry appear to have given a shock to the strongest nerves and disturbed the calm philo- sophy with which a class of politicians were accustomed to view the state of Ireland. There is for the present a very remarkable agreement of opinion among all parties as to the general facts, but a very wide difference as to the con- clusions to be drawn from them. It is admitted on all hands that the measures Lken by the Government for the repression of disorder have CC* MARCH 1882 APRIL not proved so successful as it was expected they would prove, even in districts where tem- porary success gave promise of permanent improvement. ” 23 . — By a vote of the Commons (387 against 42) Prince Leopold’s income is raised from ^15,000 to ^25,000, and the contingent widowhood of the Princess Helen provided for by fixing £ 6,000 a year as her annuity. — Died, aged 62, William Newmarch, F.R.S., manager of Glyn’s bank, a high authority on currency questions. — Colonel Burnaby crosses the Channel from Dover in the “Eclipse” balloon, descending near Caen in the evening, after a pleasant journey of about 250 miles at the average rate of thirty miles an hour. — Died at Mentone, aged 50, Co’onel Lawrence Maxwell Lockhart, late of 92nd Highlanders, a Times War Correspondent, and a successful novelist. His stories appeared for most part in the pages of Blackwood' s Maga- zine , the conductor, John Blackwood, also holding the writer in high regard as a personal friend. 24 -. — “Jumbo” having been conveyed during night in a strong cage constructed for the purpose to St. Katherine’s Docks is finally got on board the Assyrian Monarch for de- spatch to New York. — Died at Cambridge, Massachusetts, aged 76, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, the most gifted of American poets, and probably the widest read among the English-speaking people over the world. Professor Longfellow was a native of Portland, Maine. 26 . — Died, aged 45, Thomas Hill Green, Professor of Moral Philosophy, Oxford. 27 . — Scandalous outrage in the Chapel, Tavistock Place, presently of disputed owner- ship, a prize fight being arranged for within the structure and the altar rails used in con- structing a ring for the pugilist blackguards, who were ultimately separated and taken into custody with their more prominent supporters. — Died, aged 68, Jorgen Moe, Bishop of Christiansand, Norwegian poet and compara- tive mythologist. 28 . — The murder of a van-driver in Dublin named McMahon leads to an important dis- covery of arms and treasonable documents. 29 . — Died, aged 63, William Menelaus, Past President of the Iron and Steel Institute. — Died at Hampstead, aged 68, Thomas Jones Barker, pninter of battle pieces, and son of “Barker of Bath,” famous years since for his “Woodman.” — Foundation-stone of a Town-hall for Westminster, to be built in Little Chapel Street, laid by the Baroness Burdett-Coutts. 1372 29 . — Died at Clifton, Dora Greenwell, a writer whose works in prose and poetry were highly popular in religious circles, and among the young. 30 . — A. E. Herbert, of Killienkeerna, Kerry, a small landlord and agent of an Eng- lish landowner, shot dead as he was returning from Petty Sessions. — General Strelinkoff, Public Prosecutor before the Kieff Military Tribunal, shot in Odessa while resting on a bench placed along the chief promenade overlooking the sea. — The American steamship Golden City , trading between New Orleans and Cincinnati, burnt to the water’s edge when approaching Memphis, and thirty-five of the passengers or crew drowned. — The six hundredth anniversary of the Sicilian Vespers massacre observed at Palermo. Although in somewhat failing health Garibaldi was noticed among the more distinguished visitors. April 1. — Collision off Cape Finisterre between the Royal Mail Company’s steamer Douro and the Spanish steamer Yrurac Bat , forty lives being lost on the occasion, owing largely, it was thought, to a delay or confusion in lowering small boats. 2. — Mrs. Smythe, Dublin, shot near Col- linstown, Westmeath, while driving home from church with her brother-in-law and Lady Harriet Monck, the murderers making hardly any attempt at concealment beyond having blackened their faces. Distressed beyond en- durance by the peculiarly savage features of this outrage, Mr. Smythe, who was understood to have been the victim marked out for death, despatched at once a bitter epistle to Mr. Gladstone laying the guilt upon the Prime Minister and his supporters. Mr. Gladstone expressed his heartfelt sympathy with Mr. Smythe on the occasion of this terrible out- rage, whilst declining to enter into the per- sonal matters contained in the communication. To his tenantry on the Barbavilla estate he wrote: — “I do not go through the form of calling you friends. Few of you are, and most of you have assented to the deed of blood, and many of you only regret that one who has passed a long life and spent his income amongst you was not the victim. Some of you know what was intended, and are guilty in God’s sight as the murderer.” Mr. Smythe went on to inform his tenants that in future they will have to pay their rents to a non- resident agent, who will have no power to make allowances, nor do anything on the property not strictly required by law. On the same day (Sunday) an attempt was made to blow up the police barracks at Limerick with a bomb. APRIL 1882 APRIL 3. — Self-protection in Ireland. Major Traill writes that he always went about with a guard of two policemen, one armed with a Winchester rifle, carrying twelve rounds ready and fifteen extra rounds in pouch ; the other armed with a double-barrelled gun loaded with buckshot, and eight extra rounds : he himself carried a revolver and six spare rounds, and his groom carried a revolver and five spare rounds. At no moment of the twenty-four hours was a revolver out of reach of his hand, and his wife had a revolver too, and knew how to use it. Being thus guarded against any attempts at assassination, Major Traill dryly concluded, ‘ * Any man who attempts my life and lives to be tried by a jury is entitled to their merciful consideration as a brave man.” — The Sculling Championship of the world and ^1,000 won on the l yne by Hanlan of '1 oronto. 6. — Died in Wellington Street, Strand, aged 71, John Francis, for fifty years publisher of the Athentziwi journal, and active other- wise in his zeal for repealing all taxes on knowledge. 7. — Died at Blac^rock, near Dublin, aged 65, Denis Florence MacCarthy, an accomplished Nationalist poet and translator from the Spanish, author also of the “ Pillar Towers of Ireland,” and many other ballads of wide popularity. 9 . — Died at Birchington, near Margate, aged 54, Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti, a poet and painter, supremely devoted to the cultivation of art in its loftiest and most suggestive walks. — Died, aged 65, Samuel Gurney, late leading partner of the firm of Overend, Gurney & Co., the profits of which were at one time a quarter of a million annually, but which firm eventually failed disastrously, with liabilities of eleven millions. {See May 10th, 1866.) 10. — The Easter Review, held this year at Portsmouth, is attended by about 22,000 volunteers and 3,000 regulars under arms. — Mr. Parnell released from Kilmainham on a parole for fourteen days to permit of his presence in Paris during the serious illness of a nephew. — Resignation of Prince Gortschakoff as Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs, and appointment of M. de Giers in succession. 12 . — International Fisheries Exhibition opened in Edinburgh. — A three days’ Conservative demonstration commences at Liverpool, when the foundation stone is laid of a new Club-house. 14 . — The Queen arrives at Windsor from the Continent, having experienced an excep- tionally rough passage between Cherbourg and Portsmouth. CC 2 14 . — Extensive robberies reported as having taken place at the Winter Palace, Peking, and in the national library of the Hanlin Yuen. 15 . — Moscow Cathedral reported as under- mined by Nihilists preparatory to explosive material being placed there for firing during the approaching ceremonies incident to the Emperor’s coronation. — Overtures entertained by Government for liberating certain of the Irish “ suspects ” from Kilmainham Prison. Captain O’Shea, the Member for County Clare, having written to both Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Chamberlain on the subject of evictions for arrears, and desiring Government to take the matter in hand, the Prime Minister replies to-day in writing: — “ Whether there be any agreement as to the means, the end in view is of vast moment, and assuredly no resentment, personal prejudice, or false shame, or other impediment extraneous to the matter itself will prevent the Govern- ment from treading in that path which may most safely lead to the pacification of Ireland.” Two days later Mr. Chamberlain wrote also in approving terms to Captain O’Shea, but cautioned him that if Government and the Liberal party generally were inclined to show greater consideration than they had hitherto done for Irish opinion, the leaders of the Irish party must also pay more attention than they had hitherto done to public opinion as expressed in England and Scotland. 18. — The Skye crofters set on foot an organ- ization to resist any legal proceedings in the way of ejection from their holdings. — Died at South Kensington, which he had helped to create by his various educational art schemes, Sir Henry Cole, K.C.B., aged 74, an unwearied writer and organiser. 19 . — Frederick Maclean tried at Reading assizes for attempting to shoot the Queen at Windsor {see March 2) was found not guilty on the ground of insanity, and ordered to be confined during her Majesty’s pleasure. — Died at his residence, Down, Becken- ham, Kent, aged 73, Charles Robert Darwin, admittedly the foremost naturalist of his time, author of the “Origin of Species,” “The Descent of Man,” and numberless contribu- tions to learned societies filled with the results of an observing and trained judgment, yet moderate as well as modest in expression. The great naturalist was interred with honour in Westminster Abbey on the 26th, his funeral being attended by the most illustrious writers and scientific inquirers of the day. Dr. Darwin, grandson of the author of “The Botanic Garden,” was born at Shrewsbury, and educated at the public school there under Dr. Butler, afterwards Bishop of Lichfield. 20. — Mr. Redmond, Member for Wexford, “named ” by the Speaker for disregarding the authority of the chair during debate on Mr. 13 73 APRIL 1882 MAY Sexton’s motion respecting Mr. Clifford Lloyd’s conduct, and suspended for the sitting by a vote of 207 to 12. 22 . — Died at his residence, Eaton Place, pged 76, the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Erskine Perry, late Chief Justice of Bombay and last member of the Indian Council, son of the late James Perry, editor of the Morning Chronicle. 24 . — The Budget introduced by Mr. Glad- stone who estimated the revenue for 1882 — 3 at ^84,935,000, and the expenditure at ^84,630,000, being nearly ^900,000 less than previous year. Pie proposed to raise the carriage duty from 15s. to 21s. per year, and from 42s. to 63s., to ease the highway rates. 25 . — Mr. Spencer Walpole, son of the ex- Home Secretary, and formerly Inspector of Fisheries, gazetted Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Man. — Hanoi, the capital of Tonquin, captured by the French forces under Colonel Riviere. 26 . — The King and Queen of the Nether- lands arrive at Windsor Castle as guests of her Majesty. — Mr. Redmond, Member for Wexford, having introduced a Land Bill for the purpose of permitting tenants to get rid of all arrears up to the passing of the Land Act (Aug. 30, 1881), and providing with Irish Church Fund for payment of the residue, Mr. Gladstone anticipates what was apparently an Opposition movement by commending the moderate and practical tone of the scheme, and indeed wel- comed the Bill as an authentic expression on the part of Mr. Redmond’s friends of a wish to make the working of the Land Act an effectual ?ecurity for the peace of the country. His analysis of the Bill was minute and suggestive, but his promises with reference to it some- what vague — a circumstance probably to be accounted for by the fact that the real authors of the measure were at the moment confined in Kilmainham Gaol on the ground of having thwarted an Act which the Ministry itself seemed not disinclined to regard as a failure. Previous rumours of discord in the Cabinet now assumed a more positive shape, and indeed were given effect to within a few hours. — Died at Redhill, Surrey, James Rice, joint-author, with Walter Besant, of various popular novels. — Died, aged 87, Mrs. Lilly, the Queen’s monthly nurse at the birth of all her nine children. 27 . — Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helen of Waldeck-Pyrmont married at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor. — Died at Concord, Massachusetts, aged 79, from the effects of a cold caught when attending the funeral of Longfellow, Ralph 1374 Waldo Emerson, one of the most distinguished of American transcendental philosophers. In 1829 Emerson was a Unitarian parson in Boston, from which position he retired after three years’ work, devoting himself henceforward to literature and lecturing. In 1833 he visited this country, mainly to have a personal inter- view with Thomas Carlyle. 28 . — Dissatisfied, it was given out, with negotiations presently pending between Govern- ment and the Irish ‘ ‘ suspects ” in Kilmainham jail, Earl Cowper resigns his office of Viceroy, and Mr. Forster the Chief Secretaryship of Ireland. The Cabinet, however, did not appear to be taken by any surprise, as Earl Spencer and Lord Frederick Cavendish, younger brother of the Marquis of Hartington, were at once nominated to the vacant offices. — Mr. Parnell’s offer to the Liberal party. In a letter to Captain O’Shea from Kilmain- ham, the Member for Cork describes the kind of settlement that might be approved of in Ireland regarding tenants in arrear with rent, and which, if adopted, he had every confidence — “a confidence shared by my colleagues — that the exertions which we should be able to make strenuously and unremittingly would be effective in stopping outrages and intimidation of all kinds.” In an important closing para- graph, omitted in the copy of this, letter first made public by Captain O’Shea, Mr. Parnell declared that if the suggestions he made could be carried out as a practical settlement of the land question, it would, “ I feel sure (he wrote), enable us to co-operate cordially for the future with the Liberal party in forwarding Liberal principles.” — George H. Lamson hanged in Wands- worth jail for poisoning his brother-in-law, Percy M. John, the convict having received a respite to this date on the plea that important new evidence was to be forthcoming from America. 29 . — Serious gale in London and the southern counties of England, causing much damage to foliage of chestnuts and limes in the public parks. — Died, aged 81, John N. Darby, originally a barrister, but founder in 1827 of the sect known as “ Plymouth Brethren.” 30 . — Mr. Forster, as he explains next month during the debate regarding the Kilmainham “suspects,” verbally informs Captain O’Shea that the imprisoned members of Parliament should only be released either when Ireland was pacified, or the prisoners had given a pledge that they would observe the law, or when the Government was armed with fresh powers by a new Crimes Bill. May 1. — Deba'.e on Procedure Rules re- sumed in the Commons, various amendments being lost, and the main question adjourned for discussion. MAY 1882 MAY 2 . — The three members of Parliament, Messrs. Parnell, Dillon, and O’Kelly, released from Kilmainham jail. — Important Government announcement regarding the imprisoned Irish members of Parliament and future Irish business. Earl Granville informed the Lords that the late Viceroy’s resignation was not founded on any difference of policy from her Majesty’s Govern- ment. Further, that although it was not the opinion of the Government that the Protection of Life and Property (Ireland) Act had been a failure, it was not their intention, as at present advised, to ask Parliament to renew it. They would, however, submit to Parliament a measure which they thought would be the means of preserving life and property in Ireland ; and they would make a proposition on the subject of the arrears of rent and the Bright clauses. They had determined to dis- charge from prison the Irish members now confined ; and the cases of other persons now in jail as suspects were under consideration. — In the Commons, before the Orders of the Day were called on, Mr. Gladstone appealed to the House for permission to make his state- ment earlier in the evening than was originally intended. The motive, he said, which had induced Government to accept Earl Cowper’s resignation was a desire that the Executive should be carried on with the highest degree of authority attaching to the direct action of a Cabinet Minister. On the second point he announced that directions had been sent that day to Ireland to release the three members of Parliament imprisoned at Kilmainham since October, and to examine the list of the other prisoners with a view to the release of those who w r ere not believed to be associated with the commission of any crime. This statement was cheered from below the gangway on the Liberal side, but was received in silence by the Parnellite members ; and when Mr. Gladstone went on to say that the Government had taken this step on their own responsibility, there was a laugh from the Opposition. By this he meant that they had acted on the information they had gathered from all quarters, without ?ny concert or negotiation with others, and solely in pursuance of the principle they had always acted on of taking the course best fitted to maintain law and order in Ireland. This act had entailed on the Governrnent the resigna- tion of Mr. Forster, who, he said, amid loud cheers from the Opposition, had declined to share in the responsibility for it. When he had obtained her Majesty’s permission, Mr. Forster would himself explain to the House the reasons for his resignation. As to legisla- tion, Mr. Gladstone said the Government, though they had not formed any final judg- ment, did not contemplate at the present moment the renewal of the Protection of Person and Property Act, but as soon as the Procedure Resolution and the necessary financial business were got out of the way they would bring in a bill to strengthen the ordinary law and to meet the difficulties which had occurred in the administration of justice, and no measure mentioned in the Queen’s Speech would be allowed to stand in its way. He also said that if it should appear that peace was threatened by the secret societies fresh measures would be taken against them. 2 . — Opening of an exhibition of ships’ models at Fishmongers’ Hall by the Duke of Edinburgh. — Twenty-one lives lost by an explosion at Baxterjey Colliery, Warwickshire ; and seven by an explosion at Morley, near Leeds. 4 . — The first sod of the new canal dividing the Isthmus of Corinth turned by the King of the Hellenes, and the rock where Nero began cutting the Isthmus blown to pieces by dynamite discharged by the Queen. 5 . — Sir M. Hicks-Beach gives notice in the Commons, that “ Having regard to the critical condition of Ireland and the recent statements of her Majesty’s Government, the House is of opinion that the paramount interests of the country require that the Irish pohcy of the Government should be forthwith submitted to the consideration of Parliament.” Mr. Glad- stone said, in answer to an appeal, that, recog- nising the scope and importance of the motion, he would give Monday for its discussion, and as he could not expect it to be finished in one night he would not fix a morning sitting for Tuesday. Mr. Chaplin asked whether the “secret information” on which the Govern- ment determined to release the suspects was communicated to Mr. Forster ; to which Mr. Gladstone replied that it was mostly docu- mentary, and these documents had reached him through Mr. Forster. Mr. Gibson asked whether there was any objection to lay that documentary evidence before the House, to which Mr. Gladstone replied that it was a point of honour, and that he would rather leave the members affected — and especially the member for Cork — to make their own declara- tions unfettered by any statement on his part. 6 . — The Queen and Princess Beatrice went in state from Windsor to Epping Forest, where they were received by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, the Duke of Connaught (Ranger of the Forest), &c. After presentation of an Address from the Corporation of London, the Queen declared the Forest dedicated to the use and enjoyment of the public for all time. — Michael Davitt liberated from Portland Prison and accompanied by Mr. Parnell to Vauxhall station, where the chiefs of the League were met by Frank Byrne and other friends. Mrs. Byrne, it was afterwards stated in evidence, was believed to be “the brave 1375 MAY 1882 MAY little woman ” who had some day or two since smuggled over the weapons to be used by the Phoenix Park murderers. 6 . — Phoenix Park Murder Day, the double crime then and there committed being memor- able for all after-time as an event peculiarly atrocious and cowardly. To-day (Saturday) Lord Frederick Cavendish, the new Chief Secretary, arrived in Dublin to be present at the formal entry of the new Viceroy, Lord Spencer. During the day he was engaged in official business at the Castle. The Lord Lieutenant left about six o’clock, and rode along with an aide-de-camp to the park with- out attracting attention. The Chief Secretary and Under-Secretary were to have dined with his Excellency. Lord F. Cavendish left the Castle on foot shortly afterwards, as he wished to have a walk. Mr. Burke left the town subsequently, and on reaching the Park- gate hired a car from an old man and drove on. He had not proceeded far when he over- took Lord F. Cavendish, and both walked on together until they came opposite the Vice- regal Lodge. It was a bright summer even- ing, between seven and eight o’clock — scarcely less light than at noonday. There were many people in the Park. Lord Frederick Caven- dish and Mr. Burke stepped along the princi- pal road — a wide highway for walking and driving, with flat grassy stretches at each side, and trees here and there. It seems almost incredible that in such a place, a park full of people, and at such a time, two men could have been suddenly set upon by armed assas- sins, and literally cut to pieces without any one noticing what was going on, and without any opposition being offered to the escape of the murderers. Yet that is precisely what did hap- pen. Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke had got to within a few yards of the Phoenix Monument ; they were within sight of the windows of the Viceregal Lodge, which lay on their right a few hundred yards away. Some boys on bicycles who passed them were the last to see them alive. The bicyclists drove round the Phoenix Monument, passed a car with some four men on it driving rapidly away, and came back to find Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke lying on the ground dead, and covered with wounds. Both were in large pools of blood. On examination it was found that Mr. Burke had received several stabs near the region of the heart, and that his throat was cut almost completely across. His clothes were much torn, and his hands bore marks of a fierce and protracted encounter with his assailants. Lord F rederick had been stabbed in several places about the chest ; one wound being through the right lung, and very deep. A boy named Jacob stated that, while bird-nesting in the park, he saw, about 200 yards from where he was, near the road, a group of men who seemed to be wrestling. He thought they were roughs, and did not pay much attention to them. He then saw two 1 376 men fall to the ground, and the others, four in number, jump on a car and drive rapidly off. A Mr. Maguire and a friend, riding on tricycles, had passed Mr. Burke and Lord F. Cavendish shortly before the murder. They were then on their way along the main road through the park. Returning, the tricyclists found the Chief Secretary lying on the main road in the centre of the carriage-way, and Mr. Burke prostrate upon the pathway. The work of blood must have been done in a couple of minutes. The struggle was also witnessed by Captain Greatrex, of the Royal Dragoons, stationed at Island Bridge Barracks, who walked through the gate nearest the barracks into the park, and observed a car waiting. Pie walked on, and near the scene of the murder saw the struggle, but had no suspicion that a murder was being perpetrated. He saw four men get up on the car and drive away. They went through the Island Bridge gate and into town. The news of the assassinations, though made known at a late hour on Saturday in official circles and at some of the clubs, only became publicly known on Sunday morning, when it spread rapidly throughout the country. At first it was received with incredulity, which was succeeded by feelings of intense indignation and sorrow. In almost every town crowds collected in front of newspaper offices, and people gathered in small knots to discuss the dreadful news. References were made to the crime in the prayers and sermons at many of the churches. When the news first reached Mr. Gladstone on Saturday night he was at the Austrian Embassy, where, with Mrs. Glad- stone, he had been dining. Sir William Har- court and the Earl of Kimberley were also guests of the Ambassador and Countess Karolyi. The terrible intelligence caused profound consternation and dismay, the party immediately breaking up. Lord Harrington, who was one of the guests of Lord Northbrook, First Lord of the Admiralty, to meet the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh, cid not hear the sad intelligence till he left. On Sunday, the Cabinet, hastily summoned, met at three o’clock in the afternoon, and remained in deliberation until half-past six. The following paragraph appeared in Sunday’s Court Circu- lar : “ Her Majesty received last night with deep grief the horrible news of the assassina- tion of Lord Frederick Cavendish, Chief Secretary, and of Mr. Burke, Under- Secretary for Ireland.” Innumerable messages of sym- pathy and visits of condolence were received at Devonshire House. Mrs. Gladstone, dressed in deep mourning, calle.d on Lady Frederick Cavendish on Monday morning. The Prince and Princess of Wales also called, and the Queen sent a message of condolence. A large number of members of Parliament and others also called at the Premier’s official residence. — Thomas Ivory, advocate, Edinburgh, a religious enthusiast, commits suicide by throw- ing himself over the Dean Bridge. MAY 882 MAY 7. — A manifesto issued in name of the Irish Parliamentary party, and signed by Messrs. Parnell, Dillon, and Davitt, thus refers to the Phoenix Park murders: — “To the People of Ireland, — On the eve of what seemed a bright future for our country, that evil destiny which has apparently pursued us for centuries has struck another blow at our hopes, which cannot be exaggerated in its disastrous consequence. In this hour of sorrowful gloom we venture to give an expression of our profoundest sympathy with the people of Ireland in the calamity which has befallen our cause through a horrible deed, and to those who had determined at the last hour that a policy of conciliation should supplement that of terrorism and national dis- trust. We earnestly hope that the attitude and action of the whole Irish people will assure the world that an assassination such as that which has startled us almost to the abandonment of hope for our country’s cause is deeply and religiously abhorrent to their every feeling and instinct. . . . We feel that no act has ever been perpetrated in our country during the exciting struggles for social and political rights of the past fifty years that has so stained the na'me of hospitable Ireland as this cowardly and un- provoked assassination of a friendly stranger, and that until the murderers of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke are brought to justice that stain will sully our country’s name.” Mr. Parnell was further reported to have said : — “ I am pained and horrified more than I can express at the terrible and startling news, which I only heard about at breakfast- time this morning. I think the murders form one of the most atrocious and unprovoked crimes ever committed in any country, and their effect must certainly be most damaging to the interests of the Irish people.” {See also May 15th.) 8 . — In moving the adjournment of the Commons, as had been done by Earl Granville in the Lords, Mr. Gladstone, who rose amid a deathlike stillness and spoke with evident emotion, said : — “ I rise for a purpose that the feeling of the House can anticipate, and it is to move the immediate adjournment of the House. It is a course, I believe, which will be felt to be in conformity with what has been done on previous occasions when sad events have come home to the mind of Parliament and the public. I believe that this occasion, made known on Saturday night and yesterday morning, is unparalleled in our history — un- paralleled for the blackness of the crime which has been committed — unparalleled, as I fully believe, for the horror which it has caused in the entire people of the United Kingdom. In the death of Mr. Burke we are robbed of one of the ablest, most upright, most experienced, most eminent members of that Civil Service to which we owe so much for the government of the country. But, Sir, the hand of the assassin has come still nearer home, and though I find it difficult to say the words, yet say I must, that one of the very noblest hearts has ceased to beat, and has ceased at the very moment when it was just devoted to the service of Ireland, full of love for that country, full of hope for the future, and full of capacity to render her service. As to the future govern- ment of the country, all previous arrangements must be reconsidered and to some extent recast.” 8 . — A Proclamation issued by the Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland offering a reward of ^10,000 to any person who shall, within three months, give such information as shall lead to the conviction of the murderers, and a further sum of ^1,000 for such private information as shall lead to the same result, with a free pardon to any person not the actual perpetrator of the murder, and full protection in any part of her Majesty’s dominions. Many arrests were made, but the briefest examination convinced the authorities that the police were not even on the track of the murderers. It was thought the drive out of the park had been skilfully pre-arranged to baffle justice regarding the precise route taken to the city, and that the gang might have caught a Cork train or left by a steamer from the North Wall for Liverpool. — The remains of Mr. Burke interred in Glasnevin Cemetery. Large crowds of people assembled along the line of route, the shops were almost wholly closed, and mourning was generally worn. Many people were visibly affected. Mr. Burke was born in 1829. He was the eldest son of the late Mr. William Burke, of Knocknagur, county Galway, his mother, Fanny Xaveria Tucker, having been a niece of the late Cardinal Wiseman. His father resided at Bruges, and he himself was educated in Belgium and Germany, becoming a proficient linguist. When Sir Thomas Red- ington was Under- Secretary in Ireland he appointed Mr. Burke his private secretary and nominated him to a junior clerkship in the Castle. He was private secretary to Lord Carlingford, Sir Robert Peel, and Lord Hart- ington, while they were Chief Secretaries for Ireland. Mr. Burke was a Roman Cath lie, and heir-presumptive of his cousin, Sir John Lionel Burke. — Died, aged 56, Sir Edward Dashwood, Premier Baronet of Great Britain. 9. — In the Commons leave is given to the Deputy Sergeant-at-Arms to plead in the action brought against him by Mr. Bradlaugh for assault in removing him from the precincts of the House in August last. — Mr. G. O. Trevelyan appointed Secretary for Ireland, Government being at the moment disinclined to accept the continuance of Mr. Forster’s services as a temporary arrangement. 11 . — The remains of Lord Frederick Caven- dish interred in the churchyard of Edensor, 137 7 ma y 1882 ma y near Chatsworth. The body was despatched from Dublin on Sunday evening, the whole route from the Viceregal Lodge to the steam- boat being crowded with people whose de- meanour was most respectful and sympathetic. On arrival at Chatsworth on Monday morning the body was placed in the private chapel, where the tenantry and inhabitants were ad- mitted to view it. The features of the deceased were calm and placid, the only scar visible being a slight one across the nose. A beauti- ful floral cross was placed over the body, and the Queen sent a splendid wreath. The coffin was not fastened down till just before the f ineral ceremony, which was attended by a very large concourse of persons, many of whom arrived by special trains. Mr. Glad- stone, Lord Granville, representatives of the Queen, Prince of Wales, and other members of the Royal family, together with many pro- minent members of Parliament, arrived by special train at Rowsley about one o’clock, and drove to Chatsworth in vehicles sent to meet them. The coffin lid was removed for a few minutes to allow the many members of Parliament who were anxious to do so to take a last look at Lord Frederick’s features. The procession was then formed, the Duke’s tenantry carrying the coffin to the hearse. Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville were associated with the Duke of Devonshire, the Marquis of Hartington, and the other brothers of the deceased as chief mourners. Following the relatives of the deceased came the mem- bers of Parliament who had arrived, a large number of deputations from all parts of the country bringing up the rear. The path through the park was lined with people, of whom several thousands were present on the arrival of the procession at the gates of the churchyard. 11 . — Died at Edinburgh, aged 72, John Brown, M.D., LL.D , descended from a noted family of Dissenting preachers, but otherwise of world-wide fame as author of “ Rab and his Friends,” and several delightful volumes of essays, professional and literary. — Sir W. Harcourt moves for leave to bring in a Prevention of Crime Bill for Ireland. This was carried by 327 to 22 votes, and read a first time. The Bill provided for the creation of special tribunals composed of judges of the Superior Courts, who would sit without juries ; gave the police the right of search at any time in proclaimed districts, and to arrest any per- sons unable to give an account of themselves ; power to control newspapers, compel the at- tendance of witnesses, and conferred other exceptional powers on the Executive during continuance of the Act, which was limited to three years. It was also proposed to rescind the Alien Act. In his opening statement Sir William declined to regard the Phoenix Park tragedy of last Saturday as an isolated event, 137 ^ but judged it rather to be the inevitable out- come of secret societies and unlawful combina- tions which spread their influence over the country and prevented the people from ex- pressing their real feelings. Mr. Forster said that though there had been differences on various points between himself and his col- leagues, lie had never been in any way thwarted with regard to the administration of any act which had been agreed to by the Cabinet. He was glad that the Bill had been brought in and that the Government was determined to press on the measure before other business. He certainly thought some of the provisions stringent, but believed they were required by the present condition of things in Ireland. In expressing approval of the Bill, Mr. Bright pointed out that it would not affect innocent people, and any inconvenience it might occasion should be cheerfully submitted to for the sake of restoring order. Mr. Parnell contended that crime gave the Government no warrant to place the lives and liberties of the Irish people at the mercy of such judges as Chief Justice May, and he further predicted that it would lead to one hundred-fold more disaster than the coercive policy which had already failed. Mr. Dillon described the late Chief Secretary’s speech as “blood-thirsty,” but afterwards with- drew the expression. Mr. Goschen spoke of certain Irish members as “steeped to the lip in treason,” but afterwards substituted a milder phrase having reference to those who had signed the No Rent manifesto, and who had publicly declared that they would “not take off their coats ” for the Land Question alone. 12. — Suspicious canister wrapped in brown paper found attached to the rails at the back of the Mansion House, and other preparations detected for an explosion. A reward of Z 5°o was offered for the apprehension of persons concerned, but no arrests were made. — Died suddenly at Moscow, aged 64, General Kaufman, Russian Governor of Turkestan. — Mr. Forster visits his constituents at Bradford nominally in support of Mr. Holden’s candidature, but avails himself of the oppor- tunity for giving his version of the causes which led to l)is separation from the leaders of the Liberal party whilst remaining as firmly at- tached as ever to its principles. He distinctly objected to the release of Mr. Parnell and his friends without having reasonable belief that they would not or could not, when they were released, do the things for which they had been shut up. The difference with his colleagues, however, was not one of principle, both parties being anxious to preserve order. 13. — Owing to the disturbed state of Egypt two ironclads are ordered to proceed to Alexandria. 14 . — Died, agpd 74, Col. J. T. Smith, R.E., F.R.S., a learned Master of the Mint /JAY 1882 a/a y at Madras and Calcutta, who had deeply | studied the intricate subject of Indian cur- rency. 14 -. — Died, Dr. Chadwick, Roman Catholic Bishop of Hexham. 15 . — A. letter purporting to be of this day’s date, and signed by Mr. Parnell, was printed by the Times in facsimile, 18th April, 1887, and led to much bitter controversy both in and out of the House of Commons, the Member for Cork indignantly repudiating all connec- tion with the document, which read as follows : — “ 15/5/82. I am not surprised at your friend’s anger, but he and you should know that to denounce the murders was the only course open to us. To do that promptly was plainly our best policy. But you can tell him and all others concerned that, though I regret the accident of Lord F. Cavendish’s death, I cannot refuse to admit that Burke got no more than his deserts. You are at liberty to show him this, and others whom you can trust also, but let not my address be known. He can write to House of Commons. Yours very truly, Chas. S. Parnell.” The Times was c ireful enough to point out that the body of the manuscript “is apparently mt in Mr. Parnell’s handwriting, but the signature and the ‘Yours very truly’ unquestionably are so ; and if any member of Parliament doubts the fact, he can easily satisfy himself on the matter by comparing the handwriting with that of Mr. Parnell in the book containing the signatures of members when they first take their seats in the House of Commons.” To comprehend the drift of this criminatory epistle the Times also wrote that it was right and necessary to explain that the “ Dear Sir” was believed to be Egan, and that “ the letter was addressed to him in order to pacify the wrath of his subordinate instruments in the Phoenix Park murders — then (on May 15, nine days after the tragedy) still at large and undetected. The anxiety of the writer to keep his address unknown will be noted, and is curious in connection with a belief prevailing at the time that Mr. Parnell was so impressed by the danger he had incurred by denouncing the assassinations as to have applied for the protection of the police on the plea that his life was in peril.” Speaking on the motion for adjournment on the 8th, Mr. Parnell said that he wished to express his belief that the crime had been committed by men v\hi absolutely detested the cause with which he had been associated, and who had devised that crime and carried it out as the deadliest blow in their power against his hopes and the new course which the Government had resolved upon. — Mr. Gladstone introduces his new Irish Land Bill, admitting that in its essential features it followed the lines of Mr. Redmond’s measure in adopting the principle of compul- sion and gift. Substantially it was limited to | the smaller class of holders, not over £30 Griffith’s valuation, and required that the tenant should have paid the year’s rent from November, 1880, to November, 1881. These conditions being fulfilled, the State would advance, as a free gift, the equivalent of one year’s rent, and all arrears previous to that were cancelled as between tenant and land- lord. Thus, by the payment in full of one year’s rent, the poorer class of tenants might clear off all arrears and start afresh. To carry out this scheme under which, as Mr. Gladstone urged, landlords would profit equally with their impoverished tenants, about £2,000,000 he thought might be required, and for three- fourths of this sum the Irish Church Fund surplus was available. At some later date it might be necessary to apply to Parliament for a grant, but in that case the amount required would not exeeed ,£500,000. The Plouse gave a languid kind of acquiescence to the Bill without much discussion at this stage. 15 . — A combined Anglo-French fleet sails from Suda for Alexandria, where serious danger was gathering round European residents through plots devised by Arabi and others to create discontent between the Khedive and the Sultan. Tne Egyptian troops at once began to throw up batteries and earthworks, while discontented Arabs within the city we e hourly busy stirring up a hostile feeling against foreigners. On the 30th Consul Cookson wrote that the town was in continual danger of being stormed by the soldiery, who actually had cartridges served out to be used against Europeans. ‘ ‘ The crisis is only suspended, but all elements of danger which existed yesterday remain to-day. The small squadron in port could only silence the fire of the Egyptian forts, and when these forts are disabled then would commence a period of great danger for Europeans, who would be at the mercy of soldiers exasperated by defeat. Every day’s delay increases the dangerous temper of the soldiers and their growing defiance of discipline.” 16 . — Prosecution of the Freiheit newspaper undertaken by the Home Office for a “scandal- ous libel ” respecting the assassinations in Dublin. — Thomas Fury, who had been convicted on his ovn confession for the murder of Maria Fitzsimmons, at Sunderland, in 1869, executed at Durham. — Discussion in the Commons regarding the release of Irish “suspects,” under the terms of what came to be known as the “ Kilmainham Treaty.” Replying to a sharp attack made by Mr. Balfour, who had moved an adjournment of the House, Mr. Gladstone persisted that Mr. Parnell knew nothing of his intended release until it actually took place, nor did he know anything of the Government intention with respect to arrears beyond what all the world was aware of after the debate on 1379 MAY 1882 JUNE Mr. Redmond’s Bill. Earlier in the after- noon when pressed by various members of the Opposition, Mr. Gladstone contended that Mr. Parnell’s letter of April 28th was evidence of a new frame of mind, and that the Member for Cork, therefore, could no longer be “ reason- ably suspected.” Half-an-hour after he re-, ceived Mr. Parnell’s proffer of support to Liberal measures he wrote to Mr. Forster stating that it was of a nature he had no right either to expect or accept. The afternoon’s debate closed in anger but without a division. 18 . — The new Eddystone Lighthouse lighted up for the first time by the Duke of Edinburgh, acting in his official capacity as Master of the Trinity House. — Debate on second reading of the Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Bill, which was carried next night by a majority of 383 to 45. — Died at Sully, Isle of Man, aged, it was said, 107, Thomas Anderson, a native of Cumberland. 19 . — The proposed opening of public museums and galleries on Sundays negatived in the Commons by 208 to 83 votes. — The Railway Pier at Queensborough destroyed by fire, which also extended during the night to the telegraph offices and to various trucks laden with valuable merchandise in transit. 21. — The Guion steamer Alaska arrived at New York, having completed the passage from Queenstown to Sandy Hook in 7 days 4 hours and 42 minutes, the shortest time recorded. — Died, aged 63, William Henry Fitzroy, sixth Duke of Grafton, a member of the diplomatic service in early life. 22. — The new bell, “Great Paul,” for St. Paul’s Cathedral, weighing seventeen tons, which was cast at Loughborough, arrived at its destination, after having been eleven days on the journey of 112 miles by road. — The St. Gothard Railway opened between Lucerne and Milan. 23 . — For the first time during thirty-six years the House of C mmon continues its sittings over the Derby Day, the race on the occasion being won by the Duke of West- minster’s Shotover. The cause was a re- newed discussion on the Irish Crime Bill. An assurance was given that such sitting would not be looked on as a precedent. 24 . — Died in London, aged 73, the Rev. William Hanna, D.D., son-in-law and biogra- pher of Dr. Chalmers. — Died, aged 54, Rt. Hon. Sir John Ilolker, Lord Justice of Appeal. 25 . — Mr. Joseph Cowen’s motion dis- approving of restrictions on the free expression of opinion embodied in the Crimes Bill rejected by 344 to 47 votes. 1380 25 . — Parliament adjourns for Whitsun holi- days till 1st June. 26 . Died, aged 61, Joseph Lemuel Chester, D.C.L., an enthusiastic American genealogist. — Rev. Ernest Wilberforce, Vicar of Seaforth and Sub- Almoner to the Queen, appointed Bishop of the newly-created see of N ewcastle-on-Tyne. — The Select Committee on Electric Lighting recommend that the business of the Electric Lighting Companies should be secured to them for fifteen years, and at the expiration of that time their plant might be taken over by local authorities withqut compensation for future profits. — Albert Young, a railway clerk at Don- caster, sentenced at the Old Bailey to ten years penal servitude for sending a letter to Sir Henry Ponsonby, threatening to murder the Queen. 29 . — Abbey Park, Leicester, opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales. 31 . — A new steerable balloon tried with varying success at Charlottenburg, near Berlin, the first experiments being considered success- ful, but later on the envelope burst, while the car mechanism was also injured. June 1 . — When the Commons resumed sitting to-day after a brief Whitsuntide recess, Mr. Gladstone indicated that while the Govern- ment were prepared to make certain minor concessions in Committee on the Crimes Bill, yet its chief enactments would be maintained substantially as the Home Secretary had ex- plained them. Mr. Horace Davey (Christ- church) proposed to omit treason and treason- felony from the list of offences triable without a jury, but SirW. Harcourt contended in reply that the Bill was aimed at secret societies, whose object was not agrarian reform, but revolution and the subversion of Imperial authority through murder, outrage and arson. Sir William could not honestly say that he believed there was a fair chance of an indictment for treason succeeding before a common jury, and to accept the amendment might induce Irish people to think that treason was a crime which Parliament looked on with less disfavour than ordinary crime. The new Crimes Bill came up for discussion in one form or another almost every evening during this month, and on to nth July, when it passed through Committee, was reported, read a third time, and passed. 2. — During a great strike of ironworkers in the United States a train containing negroes to fill up the labour market is boarded by a mob and the blacks severely beaten. Judge Pillsbury of the Illinois Appellate Court, one of the passengers, was shot dead. JUNE 1882 JUNE 2 . — Died in his island home of Caprera, aged 75, General Giuseppe Garibaldi, a heroic worker in the cause of Italian freedom, and personally the most popular commander who ever led on her armies to victory. The General had been in but poor health for some months, so that the end of the aged patriot’s career was not quite unexpected. It was at first intended that his body should be brought to Rome, and that a public funeral on an imposing scale should be solemnised, but from motives of policy this ceremony was postponed, and it having been found impossible to comply with his own wish for cremation, Garibaldi was buried on the 8th in the cemetery of the island of Caprera. 3 . — Died at Bremen, aged 56, Dr. Reinhold Pauli, Professor of History at Gottingen, and author of many popular historical works, Pictures from Old England among the rest. — Died, aged 47, James Thomson, pessimist poet, author of The City of Dreadful Night , and other harrowing pieces, the fruit in some respect of his own bitter experiences in life. 5 . — Mr. Justice Bowen sworn in as a Lord Justice of Appeal, in the place of Lord Justice Holker. 6. — The Rev. H. Dodwell, detained at Broadmoor Asylum for shooting at the Master of the Rolls, makes a murderous attack on Dr. Orange’s superintendent, the weapon used being a large stone. Dodwell was luckily overpowered before his purpose was effected. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 69, Professor James Spence, appointed to the Chair of Surgery in 1864. 8. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 78, John A. Fullerton, an enterprising publisher, and largely engaged in his day with what is known as the “number” trade. — Walter Bourke, of Rahassan, County Galway, and Corporal Wallace, of the Dragoon Guards, who was acting as his escort, shot dead near Gort. — Died at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, aged 75, John Scott Russell, C.E., F.R.S., a naval architect and shipbuilder of high repute for novelty in design, who planned the Great Eastern steamship, and built up the vast dome over the Vienna Exhibition of 1873. Mr. Scott Russell was a native of Clydesdale, and one of the three original promoters of the Great Exhibition of 1851. IO. — M. J. Simmons involuntarily crosses the Channel in a balloon, out of which Sir Claude de Crespigny had been thrown and severely injured before it suddenly shot up with the remaining aeronaut. Mr. Simmons landed with some difficulty near Arras, and was most hospitably entertained. 11. — A rising of the Arab population against Europeans takes place to-day at Alexandria, in the course of which four Englishmen were killed, the British Consul, Mr. Cookson, C.B.. and the Italian and Greek Consuls wounded, while over 250 other Europeans, chiefly Maltese and Greeks, were reported to have been murdered. 12 . — In the House of Lords, the second reading of the Bill for legalising marriages with a deceased wife’s sister, introduced by the Earl of Dalhousie, and opposed by the Bishop of Peterborough, was thrown out by 132 non- contents to 128 contents. The Prince of Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh, and Prince Leopold voted for the Bill, but the Duke of Cambridge and the Archbishop of Canterbury left the House without voting. — The Guion steamship Alaska surpasses even her own previous great feat by making the voyage from New York to Queenstown in six days and twenty-two hours. 15 . — Died at Paris, aged_ 72, General de Cissey, Minister of War under M. Thiers. 16 . — The Council of the Society of Arts award their Albert Medal to M. Louis Pasteur, of the Institute of France, for his “researches in connection with fermentation, the preserva- tion of wines, and the propagation of zymotic diseases in silkworms and domestic animals.” — Iowa State desolated by a tornado, the path of which was calculated to extend over 150 miles, with an average breadth of half a mile. Many people were killed, and entire trains blown off the rails. 17 . — A seizure of arms and ammunition, far exceeding any made since the first out- break of Fenianism, effected within a stable in Rydon Crescent, Clerkenwell. When search was made 400 stands of rifles were found, twenty-five cases of revolvers, several kegs of powder, and about 100,000 rounds of ammunition — all believed to belong to Her Majesty. A carpet-planner, named Thomas Walsh, was arrested in connexion with the discovery, and being found guilty of unlawful possession at the August Clerkenwell Sessions was sentenced to seven years’ penal servitude. — The Prince of Wales unveils the statue of Sir Rowland Hill (Onslow Ford, sculptor), erected by public subscription at the Royal Exchange, Cornhill. — First day’s sale at Messrs. Christie, Manson, & Co. of a portion of the contents of Hamilton Palace. The eighty pictures offered brought ^43,200, the highest price (4,900 guineas) being given by Mr. Beckett Denison for Rubens’s “Daniel in the Lions’ Den.” The Italian pictures, 102 in number, realised ,£26,802 io.r., many of them being keenly competed for by representatives of the Louvre and National Gallery. 1381 JUNE 882 JULY 17 . — Died at Edinburgh, aged 85, John Gordon, LL.D. of Edinburgh, late H.M. Inspector of Schools. 20. — Died, aged 69, W. Bodham Donne, of Mattishall, Norfolk, Examiner of Plays in the Lord Chamberlain’s Office, editor of the letters of George III. to Lord North, and well known otherwise as a contributor to periodicals. 21. — Nihilist arrest in St. Petersburg ; a large quantity of dynamite being found in their possession and also a plan of the Kremlin. 22. — Died at London, aged 69, Bence Jones, of Lissalan, a prominent Jrish agri- culturist. 23 . — The Prince and Princess of Wales, presently guests of Sir Titus Salt, at Saltaire, open the New Technical Schools in Bradford, erected at a cost of ^30,000, 24 . — Archdeacon Blomfield consecrated Suffragan Bishop of Colchester in the Cathedral of St. Albans. 27 . — At the Auction Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, the advowson, or next presentation to the living of Feckenham, Worcestershire, having been offered for sale, the President of the Curates’ Alliance opposed the transaction with such effect that only a derisive bid of U. 6 d. was obtained. 28 . — Died, aged 80, Mr. Turle, for fifty- eight years organist of Westminster Abbey. 29 . — Three more murders reported from Ireland. J. H. Blake, agent for Lord Clanricarde, and his servant Keane, shot dead on a car near Loughrea ; while J ohn McCausland, of Belfast, was killed on a car with a scythe, and his servant injured. — Died, aged 78, Joseph Aloysius Hansom, architect, inventor of the “ Hansom cab.” 30 . — Charles Guiteau hanged at Washington for the murder of President Garfield. — Frederick Schwalm found guilty at the Old Bailey of publishing a scandalous libel on the late Lord Frederick Cavendish, and sentenced to eighteen months’ imprisonment. — In an action for libel brought by Thomas Scrutton against Miss Helen Taylor (both members of the London School Board) with reference to the alleged mismanagement of St. Paul’s Industrial Schools, a verdict by consent was given for the plaintiff, with ^1,000 damages, including costs. — Sixteen Irish Members “named” in the Commons and afterwards suspended for wilful obstruction in connection with the Crimes Act. At the evening sitting ten amendments moved in frequent succession by the Parnellites were negatived, after which Mr. Playfair, the Chairman, proceeded for- mally to “name” Messrs. Biggar, Callan, 1382 Commins, Dillon, Plealy, Leamy, McCarthy, Marum, Metge, T. P. O’Connor, O’Donnell, Parnell, Power, Redmond, Sexton, and Sullivan. Mr. Childers moved their suspen- sion for the sitting, which was carried by 126 to 27. On the Speaker resuming the chair, the House confirmed the suspension by 125 to 29. Mr. O’Donnell charac erised the chair- man’s statement as an “infamy.” After motion for adjournment had been negatived, the House went into Committee on the Bill. Six motions were made in succession that the chairman do leave the chair, whereupon the chairman “ named” the following as obstruct- ing business — Messrs. Byrne, Corbet, Gray, Lalor, Leahy, A. O’Connor, O’Kelly, O’Sullivan, and Sheil. On the Speaker re- suming the chair, the House confirmed their suspension by 128 to 7. Progress was re- ported at eight o’clock on Saturday evening, the House having continuously sat for thirty hours. Thirty- one divisions had been taken during the sitting, the minority in no case rising above forty, and more frequently numbering from fourteen to twenty. July 1. — The town of Newcastle-on-Tyne raised to the rank of a City by Royal Charter. — First railway in Newfoundland, running from St. John’s, the capital, to Topsail, opened for public traffic. — Died at London, aged 69, Campbell Foster, Q. C., Recorder of Warwick, author of a series of “ Letters on the Condition of Ireland,” which appeared in the Times , as well as of certain legal works. 2. —Died at London, aged 34, Cyril Her- bert, artist, and Curator of the Antique School in the Royal Academy. 3 . — The Postmaster-General (Mr. Fawcett) announces in the Commons that the Com- mittee of Railway Managers had assented to his scheme for a Parcels Post, whereby forty- five per cent, of the proceeds would be given to the Post-office and fifty-five per cent, to the railway companies. — Dalton Hall, a house of residence for students at Owens College, built by the Quakers at a cost of ^12,000, opened by the Bishop of Manchester. — On the Commons reassembling to-day (Monday) the Speaker gave it as his opinion that a combination for obstructing public busi- ness came within the standing orders agreed to on the 31st January, 1881, and Mr. O’Donnell (Dungarvan) was at once invited by Mr. Gladstone to offer some explanation of the sense in which he used the word “infamy” at the previous sitting, which had drawn upon him the censure of the chairman. Mr. O’Donnell, whilst admitting that he might have been guilty of some irregularity, denied the accuracy of the words imputed to him, JULY IS 82 JULY Having been absent from the House, he said, the whole of Friday night, he thought he had been unjustly and unfairly suspended ; and in including him in the list of the sixteen, the chairman, he affirmed, “had sinned against all the traditions of his office.” The hon. Mem- ber for Dungarvan further stated that, in sus- pending him, the chairman had not acted upon circumstances within his own knowledge, but upon the “ false and feloniously misleading” reports made to him as to what had occurred in his absence, and it was this which he had designated as “an infamy.” Dr. Playfair ac- cepted the full responsibility for suspending the sixteen members, and disclaimed having been influenced in any way through reports made to him by others. Various amendments were | made in the way of avoiding suspension, but I Mr. Gladstone’s resolution affirming the de- cision of the Speaker was ultimately carried by j 1 81 to 33 votes. Later in the evening Mr. j Gladstone moved “urgency,” so far as public business was concerned, but the division of 259 t° 31 showed the presence of only 290 members, while the resolution required at least 300. The subject was therefore postponed till to-morrow. 3 . — Died at Florence, where he had resided of late years, aged 72, Charles Heath Wilson, for some time Director of the Scho Is of Art, Somerset House, and afterwards much engaged in selecting and arranging the elaborate series of stained glass windows introduced of late years into Glasgow Cathedral. Mr. Heath Wil- son was decorated by King Victor Emmanuel with the Order of the Crown of Italy. 4 . — Mr. Gladstone’s motion for “ urgency ” carried by 402 votes against 19. The Speaker then laid on the table the urgency rules in force last year, supplemented by an additional one under which the closure may be imposed in Committee by a majority of three to one. Mr. Justin McCarthy thereupon read a pro- test to the effect that the Irish Parliamentary party had been expelled from the House under threat of physical violence during discussion of the Crimes Act, and declaring at the same time that they would take no further part in the proceedings in Committee regarding a Bill “which has been urged through the House by a course of violence and subterfuge — (interrupted by the Speaker) — and which, when passed into a law, will be devoid of moral force, and will be no constitutional Act of Parliament.” Mr. McCarthy thereupon marched out of the House with his friends amid loud Ministerial cheers. 6. — Mr. Justice Kay gives judgment in the case of the Channel Tunnel, directing that an inspection of the works under the bed of the sea should be carried out by the Board of Trade, and that the scheme in the meantime should not be pushed farther. — Died, at Hampstead, aged 70, William George Ward, a leader in the Tractarian movement, and author of an important con- tribution to the literature of the period in the form of his “Ideal of a Christian Church” (see pp. 164-166). 7 . — Prevention of Crime Bill, as amended, discussed and adjourned. Mr. Trevelyan moved an amendment objecting to the police having the right to enter private houses in the night-time in search of arms : negatived by 207 to 194. At the evening sitting the Bill was read a third time and passed. The Speaker reported that the state of public business was no longer urgent. — Admiral Seymour threatens to bombard Alexandria. — Died suddenly at Moscow, aged 39, a victim to an affection of the heart, General Michael Dimitritch Skobeloff, or “ White General,” as he was commonly called, the Russian hero of Plevna. 8. — Died at Brighton, aged 67, Hablot K. Browne (“ Phiz”), who had illustrated novels by Dickens, I. ever, and other writers, with many clever drawings. — Died at Kennington, where the remain- ing years of his long life were spent in retire- ment, Benjamin Nottingham Webster, a popular actor, dramatist, and theatrical mana- ger. Mr. Webster was born at Bath in 1798, and appeared first before a London audience on the boards of the Regency Theatre in 1818. In later years he successfully conducted the Adelphi, old and new, the Olympic, the Princess’s, and St. James’s ; and in the interests of his profession, of which he was at once an ornament and a favourite, laboured hard to establish a Dramatic College. 9 . — Died at Canterbury, aged 69, Canon James Craigie R ibertson, Librarian in the Cathedral, formerly Professor of Ecclesiastical Literature in King’s College, London, author of a biography of Thomas aBecket, and vaiious other valuable contributions to Church history. Canon Robertson was a native of Aberdeen, educated at Marischal College there, and at Trinity, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A., 1834. 10. — The steamship Floors Castle , from Hankow for London, wrecked off Cape Guardafui on the north-east coast of Africa. Crew rescued on the 27th by a passing steamer. — Admiral Seymour demands from Arabi not only the stoppage of works on the fortress of Alexandria, but their immediate surrender into British hands. By this time the Euro- pean inhabitants had almost wholly embarked on board the ships provided for their reception. At nightfall the British ships withdrew from the inner harbour to take up the positions assigned to them, the French ironclads re- tiring to Port Said. The entire fleet before Alexandria consisted of thirteen vessels, of which eight were ironclads. r 3 s 3 JULY 1882 JULY 11 . — Bombardment of Alexandria forts. The twenty-four hours’ grace having expired, Admiral Sir Beauchamp Seymour opened fire at 7 p.m. on the forts of Alexandria and silenced them in a few hours. A landing party blew up the guns in Fort Mexs. British loss, five killed and twenty-seven wounded. During the night Alexandria was seen from the fleet to be in flames, and in the morning the forts and town were found to be all but deserted. The convicts had been set free, and, with Bedouins, had fired and pillaged the town and massacred all the Europeans they could find. Arabi had retired with his forces and the bulk of the inhabitants of the town. Parties of marines and blue-jackets landed, blew up some of the guns in the forts and cleared the streets of looters. 13 . — Mr. Justice Chitty pronounces as invalid the objections made to the sentence of deprivation passed in the Prestbury case by Lord Penzance on Mr. De La Bere. The sentence he maintained, in opposition to counsel, had not been pronounced either with- out jurisdiction or in an improper place. — Died in London, aged 81, Henry Kingscote, a Gloucestershire squire, belonging to a family which is said to hold acre for acre the lands assigned to an ancestor in Domes- day Book. Mr. Kingscote was in early life a keen cricketer and daring rider after hounds, but was latterly much occupied with philan- thropic and religious schemes, connected for the most part with the diocese of London. 16 . — Died at Springfield, Illinois, Mary Lincoln, widow of President Lincoln. 17 . — Mr. Bright, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, retires from the Ministry on the Egyptian Question. When informing the House that he had very little either to explain or defend, he mentioned that it was a well- known fact he had for forty years endeavoured to teach his countrymen that the moral law is intended not only for individual life, but for the life and practice of states in dealing with one another. In the case of Egypt his con- science was satisfied that there had been a manifest violation both of international law and of the moral law, and therefore it was im- possible for him to continue longer in . the Cabinet. Mr. Gladstone expressed regret at Mr. Bright’s withdrawal, and while admitting that the moral law was applicable to nations as well as individuals differed from the member for Birmingham in this particular application of the principle. Mr. Bright was succeeded in office by Mr. Dodson, President of the Local Government Board, to which office Sir Charles Dilke succeeded with Cabinet rank. — The House of Representatives at Wash- ington confirm the election of Smalls, a negro, to a seat for South Carolina. 18 . — The body of the late Earl of Crawford and Balcarres, which had been stolen from the 1384 tomb at Dunecht towards the close of last year ( see Dec. 2), was found concealed in the grounds near the spot whence it had been removed. The discovery was made through one Charles Suter, who stated that he was poaching in Dunecht policies on the night when the body was removed, but was sworn over to secrecy by the thieves who had carried the body from the tomb. Subsequently Suter was charged with being an accessory to the deed, tried, found guilty, and sentenced to five years penal servitude. On the 26th the remains of the deceased Earl were removed to the English family seat, Haigh Hall, Wigan, Lancashire, and reinterred in the Balcarres vault there. 19 . — Professor Francis Maitland Balfour, of Trinity College, Cambridge, loses his life (along with his guide) in attempting the ascent of the Aiguille Blanche, a virgin peak of Mont Blanc, from Penteret, with the inten- tion of returning afterwards to Courmayeur. The bodies were found together attached by a rope where they fell on the Fresnay glacier. Professor Balfour was so much impressed with the perilous nature of the undertaking he was about to attempt that, before leaving Cormayeur, he made his will, and insured an ample provision for the family of the guide who risked and lost his life in his service. Professor Balfour, who was only 31 years of age, was awarded a Royal Society gold medal in 1881 for researches in embryology and comparative anatomy. 20. — Sale of the Hamilton Palace collection of pictures, works of art, and books (including the Bedford Library) brought to a close, the dispersion occupying seventeen days, and the amount realised from all sources reaching the almost unexampled figure of ^428,000. 21 . — In the House of Commons the Presi- dent of the Board of Trade (Mr. Chamberlain) states that, in spite of repeated orders to the con- trary, as also of the promises of the secretary of the company, and the personal assurance of Sir Edward Watkin himself, the substantial work of boring the Channel Tunnel — wholly un- necessary, it was contended, for either pro- tecting life or securing ventilation — had been carried forward to a distance of more than 600 yards beyond low water mark. In Mr. Chamberlain’s judgment the acts of the com- pany amounted to so flagrant a breach of faith, that no further works should be allowed to be executed except after compliance with the strictest legal conditions. — The editor and publisher of the Freethinker, along with Mr. Bradlaugh, M.P., committed for trial by the Lord Mayor on the charge of blasphemous libel, preferred by Sir Henry Tylor. — Arrears of Rent Bill (Ireland) amended in the Commons, and third reading carried by 287 to 177 votes. JULY 1882 JULY 22 . — The yacht MajyJlozuer run down and cut completely in two by the steamship Valhalla , off Dungeness ; captain and three seamen drowned. — Educational Endowments (Scotland) Bill considered in Committee and reported. 24 -.— Government orders of the day granted priority over other business in the Commons up to end of August. — Snow-storm experienced in the English Channel twenty miles south-west of Dunge- ness. — Died at Valambrosa the Hon. George Marsh, for many years United States Minister in Italy, and author of various books concerning English literature. 25 . — A Royal Message read in the Commons calling out the First Army Reserves. Two days later the first instalment of troops, con- sisting of Royal Marines, left Portsmouth for service in Egypt, and before the end of the month the Guards had sailed from London. The nominal force conveyed from England to Egypt, irrespective of troops British and native ordered from garrisons in the Mediterranean or brought from India, was set down as Cavalry, 118 officers, 2,174 sabres, and 2,006 horses; Artillery, 56, officers, 1,514 men, and 1,214 horses ; Engineers, 30 officers, 876 men, and 222 horses ; Infantry, 270 officers, 6,958 rank and file ; Medical, Transport, and Com- missariat branches, 98 officers and 1,384 men. — After the rejection of Lord Elcho’s motion condemning English intervention in Egypt ex- cept in conjunction with the Sultan, Mr. Gladstone renewed in Committee his motion submitted yesterday for a vote of credit, not exceeding £2,300,000 for the army, navy, and transport services in Egypt. The Prime Minister proposed to provide supplies by raising the income tax for the second half of the financial year from 5 d. to 8 d. in the pound, equivalent to a tax of 6 \d. for the year. Pass- ing on to consider the state of things in Egypt, Mr. Gladstone described the country as under lawless military violence, aggravated by cruel and wanton crime ; and tracing the proceedings of Arabi, he asserted emphatically that there was not a shred of evidence for his claim to be considered as the leader of a national party. It was impossible, he said, to escape with honour from any of our oft-repeated obligations to defend Egypt, not for sake of the Canal alone, but to put down anarchy. Sir Stafford Northcote craved delay before the vote was agreed to, and protested against Mr. Glad- stone’s attack on the late Government in connection with Sir S. Cave’s mission. The defence of the foreign policy of the present Government was undertaken by Sir Charles Dilke in an elaborate speech of two hours’ duration, and the vote carried by 275 to 19 on the 27th, when an additional 10,000 men were provided for, and certain resolutions agreed to concerning the employment of native Indian troops to be conveyed to Egypt and paid for out of Indian revenue, or otherwise. 25 . — Rev. E. R. Wilberforce, D.D. , conse- crated at Durham as Bishop of Newcastle. 27 . — The Dacca sails from Portsmouth with the first instalment of British troops destined f r service in Egypt, consisting of Royal Marines and Royal Marine Artillery. 28 — Died at London, aged 78, Robert Wilson, C.E., F.R. S.E., late managing partner of the firm of Nasmyth, Wilson & Co., Manchester, who shared with his senior partner in the fame of having perfected the steam- hammer. — Canon Basil Wilberforce addresses a strong remonstrance to the Archbishop of Canterbury concerning the large number of public-houses erected on Church property. — The chief pilot Meiling, of the German Navy, brought to trial for selling naval plans to Russia, and condemned for high treason to six years’ hard labour with dismissal from the navy. — Died, aged 80, James Turle, organist of Westminster Abbey. 29 . — First Battalion Scots Guards (about 700 strong), with the Duke of Connaught, em- bark on board the steamer Orient in the Royal Albert Dock for Egypt. — The French Chamber reject a vote of credit for protecting the Suez Canal, where- upon the Freycinet Ministry resign. 31 . — Arrears of Rent Bill discussed in the Lords, and Lord Salisbury’s amendment re- quiring assent of landlord before tenant could apply for settlement of arrears carried by 169 to 98 votes. It was read a third time and passed next day, as was also the Ancient Monuments Bill. — The Annual Educational Report for England and Wales shows the number of Voluntary Schools to be 14,370, with accom- modation for 3,195,365, and an average attendance of over 2,000,000. Board Schools, 3,693; accommodation for 1,194,268, and average attendance 356,351. The average ex- penditure in Board Schools was highest in London (£2 15^. io^d.), and lowest in Hull (£1 9 s. lid.), being 9 \d. lower than the Roman Catholic, the lowest of the voluntary schools. Bradford was £2 6 s. 6 d. ; Liverpool, £2 3-r. 2 >%d. ; Manchester, £l 19^. o^ ; Birm- ingham, £1 i8r. 1 \d. ; Leeds and Sheffield each, £1 i*]s. 5 \d. — Pollok Castle, Renfrewshire, the seat of Sir Hew Pollok, destroyed by fire with the greater part of its family pictures and plate, the damage being estimated at from £20,000 to £30,000. 385 AUGUST 1882 AUGUST 31 . — Died in London, aged 47, Dr. Ernest Anton Max Haas, Oriental scholar, and Assistant Librarian in British Museum. — Died, aged 52, Col. J. Cox Gawler, keeper of the Crown jewels in the Tower of London. Col. Gawler was succeeded by Major-General George Dean-Pitt, who entered the army in 1839, and distinguished himself by a series of valuable services in the Australian colonies. August 1. — The Porte declines to proclaim Arabi a rebel. — The Life Guards and Horse Guards em- bark at London for Egypt in the Calabria and North Holland steamships. — Wanstead Park formally opened to the public as an addition to Epping Forest. 2. — William Mertens, a compositor, sen- tenced at the Central Criminal Court to three months’ imprisonment for being concerned in the publication of the Frciheit newspaper libel. — The French admiral having four days since formally withdrawn from any alliance with the English fleet concerning Egyptian affairs, Admiral Hewett occupies Suez on behalf of the Khedive. — Sir Garnet Wolseley embarks for Alex- andria, which he reaches on the 15th. 3 . — Parcels Post Bill, along with other measures, reported in Committee. It was read a third time next day as amended and passed, as were also the Reserve Forces Consolidation Bill and the Militia Acts Consolidation Bill. — Cetewayo, ex-king of the Zulus, arriving in England for the purpose of formally sub- mitting his case to the Government, quarters are provided for himself and attendants in Melbury Road, Holland Park, where the chief spent over three weeks. — William Penhall, of Furnival’s Inn, and his guide Maurer lose their lives in an aval- anche of fresh snow while attempting an ascent of the Wetterhorn. — B. Leigh Smith and the missing crew of the ship Eira found by Sir Allen Young in Matotchin Straits, Nova Zembla, which they had reached after being compelled to winter several months in turf huts through the loss of their ship in the ice near Cape Flora. The Eira had left Peterhead in June 1881, and after reaching Franz Josef’s Land in July was making an attempt to pass eastward of Barnet’s Horn when she was nipped in the ice and sunk. 4 . — Return of H.M.S. Bacchante with the sons of the Prince of Wales on board, after an absence of two years. 5 . — Corrupt Practices (Suspension of Elec- tions) Bill read a second time in the Commons. 1386 5 . — Auriol, a priest of Nohedes, Pyrenees Orientales, sentenced to penal servitude for life on a charge of poisoning two ladies who had been induced to make settlements in his favour. — Died, aged 74, William H. Calcott, composer. 8 . — Mr. Gladstone moves that the Lords’ amendments to Arrears of Rent Bill (Ireland) be considered. Detailed consideration was given to them : some were accepted ; others — infringing the principle of the Bill — were re- jected. A committee was then appointed to draw up reasons for dissenting from the Lords. 9 . — Died at Sydney, New South Wales, aged only 40 years, Henry Kendall, a writer of verses grave and gay, well known over all the colony. 10. — -In the Lords the amendments of the Commons on the Arrears of Rent Bill were considered. Lord Salisbury stated that, though he regarded the measure as one of simple robbery, it was not thought expedient to insist on his amendments. The Bill was then agreed to. — Fast following Sir Archibald Alison, the first general officer to arrive on the scene of operations in Egypt, Sir John Adye lands at Alexandria with the Duke of Connaught. The whole of his brigade of Guards appeared within the next two days and astonished natives by their martial appearance. On the eleventh the cable to Port Said was completed and tele- graphic communication made with the entrance to the Canal. 12. — Another accident added to the record of Alpine disasters during the year. Mr. Gablett of Durham University wi h his two guides, the Lochmatters, father and son, losing their lives in attempting the ascent of Dent Blanche. The bodies were found on the rocks right off the Col d’Herens. — Fire in the premises of Messrs. Hill & Son, organ builders, York Road, Camden Town several valuable instruments under repair or nearly finished being destroyod. 13 . — Accidentally drowned while bathing near St. Leonards, William Stanley Jevons, F. R.S., LL.D., a prolific and powerful writer on some of the more obscure principles of Political Economy. Dr. Jevons was born in Liverpool, 1 8^5, his mother being a daughter of the historian Roscoe, and after studying at University College, London, was appointed assayer to the Mint at Sydney. On the recom- mendation of Professor Graham he was made Professor of Logic and Philosophy, and Cobden Lecturer in Political Economy (1866) in Owens College, and in 1876 Professor of Political Economy in University College, London. AUGUST 1882 AUGUST 13 . — Secoceni. who was vanquished and superseded by Sir Garnet Wolseley, but re- stored by the Boers, killed, with his son and fourteen followers, by Mampoer, the chief put in his place by England. 14k — Cetewayo received by the Queen at Osborne, and the restoration of the Zulu chief announced next day in Parliament. He left England 1st September. 15. — Dublin Exhibition opened, and Foley’s statue of O’Connell unveiled opposite the O’Connell, (formerly Carlisle) Bridge, Sack- ville Street. — Sir Garnet Wolseley, only recovering from a smart attack of fever, arrives off Alex- andria ; lands next day, and on the 17th orders the re-embarkation of such parts of the First Division as were already on shore. Feign- ing to proceed to Aboukir, the course of the transport was altered when night fel 1 , and before daylight dawned on the morning of the 15th Port Said was occupied by the British First Division. The fleet commanded the Canal, Kantara and Ismalia were seized, while the Seaforth Highlanders who had reached Suez from India on the 8th, moved rapidly northwards, occupied Chalouf and saved the fresh water Canal. 16 . — E. D. Gray, M.P. for Carlow, and High Sheriff of Dublin sentenced to three months’ imprisonment, to pay a fine of £500 and to find security in the sum of .£5,000 for three months more, for publishing in his news- paper, the Freeman's Journal , a “ scandalous libel,” calculated to defeat the course of justice in Ireland. Next day the Speaker read a letter from Mr. Justice Lawson intimating these facts, and at the evening sitting, on the motion of Mr. Gladstone, it was agreed to let the communication “lie on the table.” Mr. Gray was released from prison 30th September. — Freedom of the City of Dublin conferred on Mr. Parnell and Mr. Dillon. — The Persian Cotton Mills, Bolton, damaged by fire to the estimated extent of .£60,000. 17 . — A revolting and brutal murder com- mitted in a solitary mountainous part of wild Connemara, known as the “Joyce country,” west of Lough Corrib and Lough Mask. One John Joyce, a peasant farmer, and his wife, aged mother, and young daughter, were found on Friday morning dead in their wretched cabin, and his two boys dangerously wounded. The boys, one of whom subsequently died, were just able to state that the family was at- tacked by three or four unknown men in the middle of the night and shot at with revolvers and beaten with bludgeons. Within two years there had been four agrarian murders in the district, one of them being that of Lord Mountmorres, and it was believed that the extermination of Joyce’s family was due to 1387 their being suspected of giving some informa- tion as to one of these murders. They were tenants of Colonel Clements at a rental of £6 a year ; but the landlord had collected no rent for three years. Near Kilkenny another farmer was dragged out of bed and shot. 17 . — Died, aged 65, General Ducrot, Com- mander of Paris under the siege. 18 . — Parliament adjourns till October 24th, the royal assent being given to-day to the Arrears of Rent (Ireland) Bill, the Corrupt Practices (Election) Bill, the Married Women’s Property Bill, the Parcels Post, and about eighty other Bills. — The Queen presented new colours to the 2nd Battalion Berkshire Regiment (the 66th) at Parkhurst, Isle of Wight. The regi- ment- lost its old colours in the engagement with Ayoub Khan at Maiwand, on July 24th, 1880, when 370 of its officers and men were killed, including its commanding officer, Col- onel Galbraith. Two of the companies wore the Afghan Cross, struck in memory of the march from Cabul to Candahar. — The Prince and Princess of Wales re- ceived at Marlborough House the Maori chiefs who had come to this country. They were presented by Canon Liddon. — The Postmaster- General in his annual Report on the work of his department men- tions that during the last Christmas week nearly 12,500,000 letters and packets had been dealt with in the central office, which gross number included 42 tons of registered letters against 11^ millions and 4 tons of registered letters in the previous year. The number of valentines despatched from the central office, which had in recent years shown a large falling off, increased to 1,634,000, while in 1880 the number was only 534,000. In Dublin the valentines were reported to have been almost entirely discontinued. The total number of letters, postcards, book-packets, newspapers, &c. received in the United King- dom from abroad during 1881-2 was roughly calculated at 69 millions, while the number despatched from these shores was reckoned at about 87 millions. The number of telegraphic messages was 31,345,861 being an increase of 1 >933>879 over the previous year. Deducting from this number about 6,000,000 for Govern- ment and press messages, it appeared that the average number of private messages was about three for every four persons in the United Kingdom, and it further appeared that the proportion of telegrams to letters was as one to forty-four. Within the year nearly 4^ millions postal orders were issued amounting to over £2,000,000, the class most in demand being 1/-, 5/-, 10/-, and 20/-. The gross revenue for the year was upwards of£9,ooo,ooo, and the net revenue over .£3,100,000, being, notwithstanding a heavy increase of expendi- ture, an increase of £32,399 on the previous y ear ' DD * A UGUST 1882 SEPTEMBER 19 . — Instructions issued from the Royal Engineers department for the removal of the ruins of Sandown Castle, the masonry, amount- ing to about 600 tons, to be employed in the construction of a residence for the General commanding the south - eastern district at Dover Castle. Sandown was built by Henry VIII. about the same date as Deal Castle, the residence of Earl Sydney. Colonel Hutchinson, husband of the equally famous Lucy, his Puri- tan biographer, and who had sat on the trial of Charles I. and been governor of Nottingham Castle, died a prisoner in Sandown four years after the Restoration. 20 . — Died, aged 68, Guilford Onslow, formerly M.P. for Guildford,- noted for zeal in the cause of the Tichborne “ Claimant.” 24 . — Finding that the supply of water had been cut off by erecting dams across the Canal, Sir Garnet Wolseley pushes forward in the direction of Arabi’s native forces with an ad- vanced guard under General Graham for the purpose of removing all obstructions to the flow of water. Early this morning the House- hold Cavalry, the 2nd battalion York and Lancaster, a few Mounted Infantry, and a detachment of Marines, with two 13-pounders of the Horse Artillery, moved out from camp and came in contact with a strong body of the enemy posted in the neighbourhood of Tel-el- Mahuta. The Egyptian infantry appeared to number about 10,000 and they had twelve guns in position against two English pieces. But the 13-pounders were superior in power and accuracy to the Krupp guns, and the English gunners under Lieutenant Hickman showed determined courage and great en- durance under the burning sun. A few men of the Marine Artillery relieved at times the exhausted gunners, and the British artillery warded off demonstrations of the infantry, both in front and on the flanks, assisted by two Gatlings brought up by a detachment of bluejackets. Only once did the enemy ap- proach near enough to menace the infantry with immediate attack, and then the skir- mishers were swept away by a charge of the Household Cavalry, three squadrons of which, each from a different regiment, had been sent to Egypt to represent Her Majesty’s Mounted Guards. The result of this engagement was to oblige the Egyptian army to abandon its strongly entrenched position at Tel-el-Mahuta, whence they made good their escape under cover of night, with but comparatively trifling lo. s. The Cavalry Brigade next fell upon the rear of the enemy’s forces, while the Artillery poured a few volleys into the retreating masses. The demoralisation displayed in the Egyptian forces at this moment was so great that the English commander at once decided to push forward and if possible to occupy Kassassin Lock (Aug. 26), and thus to ensure a supply of fresh water. 1388 27 . — Jewel robbery from the premises of Mr. Bowler, Piccadilly ; the thieves, who ap- peared to have entered from the front, carrying off property estimated at over j 1,100. — Died, aged 85, the Hon. Thomas Fitz- hardinge Berkeley, de jure Earl of Berkeley. — Died, aged 51, Right Rev. Edward Steere, Bishop of Central Africa. 28 . — Repulse of Arabi’s forces at Kassassin Lock by the troops under General Graham. The Egyptians commenced the attack first with cavalry, attempting to turn the ridge behind which General Graham had posted his right wing. But it was sundown, and darkness was settling on the plain when the movement which was to decide the fate of the day toc^ place. The Household Cavalry, 7th Dragoon Guards, and Horse Artillery, which through- out the day had been left in comparative quiet, whilst the York and Lancaster, the Duke of Cornwall’s, and the Marine Light Infantry had borne its brunt, now advanced under the command of Sir Baker Russell. Keeping the ridge between them and the enemy until within a few hundred yards of the latter’s position, they suddenly burst at full speed upon the Egyptian batteries, sweeping through the infantry and cavalry by which they were sup- ported, and throwing the whole corps into confusion. General Graham himself was in ignorance of what was passing in this part of the field, but finding it impossible to remain inactive in the position he had occupied, gave orders for a simultaneous advance along the whole of his line. The Egyptians, thrown into disorder by the heavy cavalry which now threatened their flank, broke and fled, and for two or three hours were pursued through the darkness by our troops. The English losses, when they came to be ascertained, were only eleven killed and sixty-eight wounded, an almost incredible result considering the number of hours the troops had been engaged. 30 . — Gounod’s sacred trilogy of The Redemption produced at the Birmingham Musical Festival. September 1. — An agitation among the Dublin Metropolitan Police concerning the alleged non-distribuuon of special service money culminates in the dismissal of 234 men who had attended meetings of the disaffected after warning from officials. Other 600 mem- bers of the force thereupon tendered their resign- ations, and only twenty-five superintendents with inspectors held their places The city was patrolled by military, and more than one col- lision with the mob occurred. The majority of constables subsequently withdrew their resignations, and all those dismi sed, with the exception of seventeen, were reinstated. — Three lives lost on the North British Railway at Dunbar, through the colli- ion of a goods train with another whos: engine-boiler had burst. SEPTEMBER 1882 SEPTEMBER 2 — Died at Overcross, near Ross, Here- fordshire, aged 62, the Right Honourable Montague Bernard, D.C.L., Professor ot In- ternational Law, Oxford, one of the founders, and for many years editor of the Guardian , an important Church organ. 3 . — Collision on the Baden State Railway at Hugstettin, resulting in the death of 71 persons, and serious injury to about 150. A . — Duel at Paris between M. de Massas, editor of the Combat , who was killed, and M. Diehard, a writer in Le Petit Caporal. 5 . — Annual Conference of the Library Asso- ciation of the United Kingdom opened at Cambridge. Members refused to pass any resolution for or against the opening of public libraries or museums on Sundays. — Jubilee of the National Temperance movement celebrated at the Crystal Palace. 6. — A burglar caught in the act, and after- wards sentenced to penal servitude for life, attempts to shoot three of his captors in Highfield House, Stamford Hill. 7 . — Release of forty persons confined in various prisons in Ireland under the Crimes Act of this year. 8. — Arabi declared a rebel by the Sultan. — Died at Geneva, aged 77, Professor E rile- Plantamour, equally eminent as an astronomer and as a member of the Swiss Geodetic Commission. 9 . — Engagement between the British troops and Arabi, who with about 8,000 men had pushed out from his fortifications towards the Salakieh terminus of the branch line from Zagazig. The Egyptians withdrew after a sharp skirmish, leaving four or five guns upon the field, while about sixty of our troops were killed or wounded. The moment being at hand for striking a decisive blow, as he from the fir.-t intended, at Tel-el-Kebir, Sir Garnet Wolseley transferred his headquarters to the front with the necessary ammunition and pro- visions, while the troops hitherto scattered over a long line extending from Kassassin to Ismalia were concentrated within striking distance of Arabi’s position. — Died at Falloden, near Alnwick, aged 83, Right Honourable Sir George Grey, formerly Home Secretary and also Colonial Secretary, nephew of Charles, second Earl Grey, the great Whig leader and Reformer. 11 . — Opening of a new line of railway at Port Victoria, mouth of the Medway, the South Eastern Railway Company having selected this spot for the construction of new docks. 13 . — Capture of Tel-el-Kebir and total de- feat of Arabi. Behind their entrenched works lay an kgyptian force, the strength of which DD 2 can only be estimated by the fact that 18,000 rations were issued the day before for the regular troops, and 7,000 for irregulars. But the strength of the enemy was only known vaguely to Sir Garnet Wolseley. The troops under his own command comprised 11,000 bayonets, 2,000 sabres, and 60 guns, and with these, under cover of the night, he determined to attack the Egyptian position. Accordingly, at nightfall on September 12, the camp was broken, tents struck and packed, and the force moved silently forward. After a short advance the men bivouacked silently in the sand, no light or fire being allowed, and there remained until about 1.30 A.M., when the order to ad- vance was given. On both flanks the British attacking forces came within short distance of the enemy before they were perceived. Dawn was faintly creeping up the eastern sky when the crest of a ridge some 500 yards in front of the Egyptian left became covered with moving objects telling against the pale light. It was Graham’s brigade advancing. Then a single shot from the Egyptian lines rang out in the stillness of the morning, and immediately the whole front of the position was broken by jets of red flame from rifle and cannon. In answer to the burst of flame along the earthworks, the Highlanders rushed forward and cleared the first line of its defenders in a couple of minutes. Against the inner and stronger redoubt they advanced more slowly, using their rifles with apparently deadly effect, for when the final charge was made the defence was feeble and momentary. The Egyptian army was now thoroughly broken up, the two wings of the attacking force threatening to throw round them a net from which escape would be im- possible. The battle had been thus far won by the infantry, but the rout was completed by the cavalry, which, sweeping round from the north, and supported by the guns left unspiked in the Egyptian redoubts, harried the fugitives beyond all hope of rallying. 14 -. — Capture of Cairo, and surrender of Arabi. Pushing forward his cavalry and mounted infantry under Sir Drury Lowe, General Wolseley led his men across the desert without drawing rein. The annals of war, it was said — nay, the romances of chi- valry — relate no more stirring exploit than this desert ride under the hot Egyptian sun, and then the immediate capture of a great and populous city, which yielded with less ado than Jericho to the trumpets of Joshua. The British troopers entered Cairo in triumph, and received the sword of Arabi, who had so vainly measured his weakness against the strength of Britain. The next day Wolseley brought up the infantry. The war was at an end, and Britain at liberty to dispose of the destinies of Egypt. — .Sheriff Cate, of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and his deputy, engaged taking several prisoners by railway to Knoxville, among them two 1339 SEPTEMBER 1882 OCTOBER murderers chained together. When the train reached Sweetwater, forty miles from Knox- ville, three men entered the car. As the train was starting they attacked the deputy sheriff from behind and shot him dead. The sheriff then fired at the rescuers. They fired back and killed him. They liberated the murderers, stopped the train, took Taylor (one of the murderers) to the locomotive, and compelled the driver to cut loose from the train and then take them twenty miles along the railway to Lenoir S'ation, where horses awaited them. They then galloped into the mountains of North Carolina. 15. — Three persons killed in Dublin by the fall of a buttress at St. Patrick’s cathedral during excavations for drainage purposes. 16. — Died in the Convalescent Hospital of the Sellon Sisters, near Ascot, which he had helped to establish, the Rev. Edward Bouverie Pusey, D.D., Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford for the long period of fifty-four years, a trusted leader in the Tractarian, or, as it was sometimes called, the Puseyite movement, and venerated all over the Anglican commu- nion for deep personal piety, dauntless courage, unwearied zeal, and rare scholarly gifts. Dr. Pusey contributed to “ Tracts for the Times,” “The Library of English Fathers,” and the “Anglo-Catholic Library,” besides writing various commentaries on the “ Minor Pro- phets,” and an endless series of controversial pamphlets. A younger son of the Honourable Philip Bouverie, half-brother of the Earl of Radnor, Dr. Pusey was born at Pusey House, near Oxford in 1800, and educated at Christ Church, where he taught the greater part of his long life. When elected to a fellowship at Oriel Dr. Pusey found himself immediately junior to John Henry (now Cardinal) Newman, and in the society of Keble, W hately, Haw- kins, soon to be Provost, and Jelf, afterwards Principal of King’s College, London. A year or two later Dr. Pusey became intimate with Robert Wilberforce (elderbrother of the bishop) and R. Hurrell Froude. 17. — Died, aged 73, the Honourable and Very Reverend Gerald V. Wellesley, Dean of Windsor, and domestic chaplain to the Queen. IB. — In a gale on Lake Huron the steamer Asia foundered, and 98 passengers, were drowned. — Died at Inveresk Lodge, aged 46, Sir David Wedderburn, recently M. P. for Iladdington. Burghs. 19. — Died, aged 70, Evelyn Philip Shirley, F.S.A., formerly M.P. for South Warwick- shire, an accomplished labourer in the field of antiquarian research, and well known for his volumes of family history concerning the Brothers Shirley, “ The Noble and Gentle Men of England,” “ Deers and Deer Parks,” &c. 1390 19 . — The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs left Lon- don on a state visit to Holland, where they were hospitably entertained 1 y the King and civic authorities of the Hague, Amsterdam, Haarlem, &c. 22. — A terrific explosion occurred on board the Russian war ship Popojjka Novgorod , moored to the quay of the Korabelvraya (Naval) Creek, at Sebastopol. A torpedo exploded in the torpedo magazine, causing such damage to the vessel as to render it doubtful whether it would be fit to again venture out to sea. The accident caused the death of Lieutenant Koozeen, who was engaged in his cabin at the time, second engineer Ivanhoff, and 22 seamen. 23 . — Mr. E. A. Bond, principal Librarian, lays the corner-stone of a new block of build- ings on the south-eastern side of the British Museum erected from a fund of about ^60,000 bequeathed by Mr. William White, a gentle- man living in the neighbourhood. The fabric is to bear an inscription mentioning the name of the donor — “ a little vanity ” (he wrote) “of no harm, and may tempt others to follow my example in thinking more of the nation and less of themselves.” 24 . — (Sunday) Thanksgiving services en- gaged in for military successes in Egypt. — Died at Yarmouth, aged 57, Charles John Palmer, F. S.A., solicitor and notary, but widely known in other than legal circles as “ Antiquarian of the Eastern Counties.” 28 . — A convict named Lovett, under sen- tence for burglary, effects a daring escape from Millbank Prison by scaling the walls, but is recaptured a few days later after a severe struggle with the police. 30 . — Died, aged 77, John Jacob Herzog, editor of the “German Theological Encyclo- paedia.” October 2. — Ten men committed for trial at Armagh, on charges of treason- felony in connection with a society called The Irish Patriotic Brotherhood, the declared objects of which were reported to be the organised assas- sination of landlords, agents, Government officials, and loyal people generally. 3 . — A Gallo-Roman town, described as quite a small Pompeii, discovered near Poitiers, and various temples, baths, private houses, hypocausts, &c. , with a theatre and certain streets all but entire, laid bare over an area of fourteen acres. — S. H. Butcher, Fellow and Lecturer of University College, Oxford, appointed Pro- fessor of Greek in Edinburgh University, the vacancy being caused by the retirement of Professor J. S. Blackie, who had been appointed as far back as 1852, when he suc- ceeded George Dunbar, who had held the chair from 1805. OCTOBER 1882 OCTOBER 4 . — Plot among the convicts at Dartmoor disclosed, the intention apparently of those confined there being to escape through the use of keys ingeniously constructed out of bones hidden away after meals. 5 . — Grand ceremony at Cairo in connection with the departure of a pilgrim party accom- panying the Sacred Carpet to Mecca. A large portion of the British garrison was present, while Indian troops headed the procession. — Panic in the Royal Opera House, Berlin, caused by a sudden fall of the iron curtain dividing the stage from the auditorium, a con- trivance adopted after the catastrophe in the Ring Theatre, Vienna. Many people were injured, but happily no lives were lost in the frantic rush made for the doors. 7 . — In closing the subscription lists for the now defunct Land League Fund, the editor of ihe Irish World (New York) intimates that the total amount forwarded to Egan during three years had been 342,548 dollars. It was admitted that since the liberation of ‘ ‘ suspects ” from Kilmainham the League Fund had been going backward. — Died at Venice, John Bunney, an artist of considerable attainments, who had been selected by Mr. Ruskin to paint a picture of St. Mark’s, on which he had been engaged twelve years. — Died at Paris after a lengthened suffering from cancer, aged 67, Vice-Admiral Pothuou, prominent in the management of French naval affairs after the fall of the Second Empire. — Died at Albany, New York, aged 88, Harmon Pumpelly, an extensive and active landed proprietor in the States, whose father, John, had served with distinction in the Indian and French wars of last century. 8. — The German steamer Herder from New York for Hamburg takes the shore in a fog near Cape Race, and becomes a total wreck, the value of ship and cargo being estimated at 500,000 dollars. All the passengers and crew, 105 in number, were saved* as were also the mails. IO. — Selwyn College, Cambridge, founded as a memorial to the late Bishop of Lichfield, formally opened by the Bishop of Ely, and the Hon. and Rev. Arthur Lytlolton installed as master over the sixty-four students the building was designed to accommodate.- — The skull of Guiteau, murderer of President Garfield, stolen from the Medical Museum, at Washington, where it had been placed on exhibition. — Mr. John rearson, Q.C., appointed Judge of the High Court of Chancery in succession to Vice-Chancellor Hall, resigned. 12.— In gestre Hall, near Stafford, built in 1676, one of the seats of the Earl of Shrews- bury and Talbot, all but entirely destroyed by fire, the loss in pictures and other precious family heirlooms being estimated at ^100,000. 12. — Died at West Stratton, Hants, aged only 42, Arthur Coke Burnell, Sanscrit scholar, and a trusted member of the Indian Civil Service. 14 . — Freedom of the City of Glasgow conferred on the Duke of Albany. 16 . — Collision between the steamers Con- st antia and City of Antwerp off the Eddy stone Lighthouse, fourteen of the latter’s crew going down with the vessel. The survivors of both boats were afterwards picked up and landed at Cardiff. 17 . — Died in London, aged 75, Lewis Pocock, F. S.A., one of the founders of the Art Union of London, and an eager collector of Johnsonian curiosities. — An Irish National Conference held in the Ancient Concert Rooms, Dublin, which was intended to unite into one body all sections of the Irish party, whether Nationalists, Land Leaguers, or Home Rulers. This was the be- ginning of the Irish National League, of which much will be heard hereafter. The precise objects were stated to be, “National self- government, land-law reform, local self-govern- ment, extension of the parliamentary and municipal franchises, and the development and encouragement of the labour and industrial interests of Ireland. ” 18 . — Ridley Theological Hall, erected by the Evangelical section of the Church of England, opened at Cambridge. 20. — The Duke of Edinburgh lays the foundation stone for the re-erection of the old Eddystone Lighthouse. — The Household Cavalry arrive in London from Egypt. — Died at Mulgrave Castle, near Whitby, aged 84, the Dowager Marchioness of Nor- manby (daughter of the first Lord Ravens- worth), a lady prominent in the fashionable, political, and diplomatic life, in which her husband, the late marquis, spent the greater part of his life. 22. — Celebration of the two hundredth anniversary of the founding of Pennsylvania by William Penn, opened with religious services in the churches of Philadelphia. 23 . —Died in London from wounds received at Tel-el-Kebir, Lieut. -Col. Frederick Balfour, of the Grenadier Guards, aged only 36. 24 . — Parliament re-assembles for an autumn session. In the Lords the business was brief and formal. In the Commons Lord R. Churchill moved the adjournment of the House, in order to protest against the Govern- ment having taken the Appropriation Bill 1391 OCTOBER 882 NOVEMBER before its formal prorogation, by which the House was in the complete power of the Premier. Motion lost by 209 to 142. 24 . — Destructive storms reported from various parts of England, the flood at Bath being the highest recorded since 1823. Much damage was reported from Warwickshire, the district round Nuneaton presenting the appear- ance of an inland sea. North Staffordshire and Dorsetshire also suffered severely. 26 . — A vote of thanks to the army in Egypt discussed in both Houses of Parliament. In the Lords Earl Granville moved and the Marquis of Salisbury seconded. The House afterwards adjourned to Nov. 10. In the Commons Mr. Gladstone moved and Sir S. Northcote seconded. Sir W. Lawson moved the previous question, which was seconded by Mr. Storey, and negatived by 354 to 17. The resolution of thanks was carried by 230 to 25. The Procedure Resolutions were then considered. — Boehm’s statue of Thomas Carlyle un- veiled by Professor Tyndall on the Thames Embankment, nearly opposite Great Cheyne Row, where the philosopher spent the greater part of his long life. — Died at Berlin, Edward Mandel, a German engraver of high reputation. 27 . — Died at Southampton in the 100th year of his age, Commander James Charles Atkinson, a blind old naval veteran, who had seen much active service for thirty years, from 1803 when he passed from the merchant service to the Royal Navy. He had been on the retired list for close on half a century. — The village of Grindelwald, in the Bernese Oberland, devastated by a hurricane which raged for four-and-twenty hours. — Fire in Cecil Square, Margate, destroying the Assembly Rooms, the Royal Hotel, a ladies’ school, and several private houses, including the vicarage. — Debate on Procedure Resolutions renewed in the Commons. Mr H. Chaplin moved to substitute individual for general Ctdture. This was ruled out of order. Mr. O’Donnell moved to exempt debates on privilege and business of the House. Lost by 93 to 35. Mr. Storey moved that the Speaker shall give as his opinion that “ the subject has been adequately discussed,” before closing debate. Agreed to. Mr. Gorst moved that the sense of the House in favour of the application of the Cldture be “ general ” as well as “evident.” Lost by 130 to 74. On the 30th Mr. Bryce moved that the Speaker or Chairman shall put the Cldture in operation only on request of a I Minister or member in charge of a motion. Lost by 152 to 100. Mr. H. Palmer moved that 20 members shall rise in support of the Speaker. Lost without division. Mr. Gib on 1392 moved that the Speaker, before putting the CidHire , shall give a discretionary notice of his intention. Lost by 149 to 88. 28 . — Sir Garnet Wolseley lands at Dover on his return from Egypt. 29 . — Dr. J. T. Arthur, of the Government Medical Service in Ceylon, burned to death in a Pullman car while travelling on the Midland Railway from St. Pancras to Aberdeen. The car, as appeared from evidence given at the inquest, was set on fire by the reading laujp of another passenger. 30 . — Rev. S. R. Driver of New College, Oxford, appointed Regius Professor of Hebrew to that University in succession to Dr. Pusey, deceased. — Abbey’s Park Theatre, New York, destroyed by fire. — The buried and almost forgotten Church of Santa Maria in Foro discovered in the course of excavations within the Roman Forum. 31 . — In the Commons the Rt. Hon. E. Gibson (Dublin University) moves that in no case shall the Cldture be enforced unless with the support of two-thirds of those present. A vigorous debate ensued, and was closed on Nov. 2 by Sir S. Northcote and Lord Hartington. Mr. Gibson’s amendment was negatived by 322 to 238. Majority for Govern- ment, 84. — At the Guildhall the Lord Mayor unveils busts of Lord Beaconsfield and Mr. Gladstone, which had been executed for the Corporation of London. — Announcement made that the Prussian Government had secured the greater and most valuable part of the Hamilton collection of manuscripts. It had been arranged that the papers should be publicly sold in London, but the Prussian Government privately managed to come to terms with the owner beforehand. Among them may be mentioned a psaltery, dating from the seventh century ; and a grand manuscript folio copy of Dante’s great work, with illustrative drawings from the hand of Sandro Botticelli. Another valuable work was written in golden uncial letters on purple velvet, and dates from the seventh century, the copy of the Gospels in Latin presented to Henry VIII. by Leo X. on the occasion of conferring on him the title of Defender of the Faith. November 1. — The Municipal Elections in England and Wales, fought in many towns on party lines indicate a considerable increase of strength among the Conservatives. 3 . — Mr. Froude addresses members of the Midland Institute, Birmingham, on the subject of government by party, and insisted on the people being now the real sovereigns of this country. NO VEMBER 882 NOVEMBER 3. — In course of resumed debate in the Com- mons on the Procedure Bill, Colonel Harcourt (Oxford) moved that the majority shall be five- eighths of those present. — Lost. Mr. Salt moved that the minimum of majority be raised from 200 to 300. — Lost. Mr. Brodrick moved that the Cloture shall not be applied when the minority reaches 150. — Lost. Mr. W. H. Smith moved to give the right of protest to any number of members. — Lost. On the 6th Lord John Manners moved that votes in divi- sions for applying the Cloture be taken by ballot. — Lost by 139 to 55. Other amend- ments were ruled out of order. Sir Stafford Northcote moved a direct negative to the re- solution as the main question when put by the Speaker. Debate adjourned from night to night till the 10th, when the first resolution was carried, on a division, by 304 to 260, being a majority for Government of 44. 4. — Rev. S. F. Green, late minister of St. John’s, Miles Platting, liberated from Lancaster Castle. To-day Lord Penzance sat in a Com- mittee Room of the House of Lords to hear an application from the Bishop of Manchester (Dr. Phaser) for release of the imprisoned ritualist, who, however, had never made any movement in that direction for himself. After the disobedience by Mr. Green of the monition directing him to abstain from illegal practices in conducting divine service as vicar of St. John’s, Miles Platting, an inhibition was issued on August 16, 1879, which was also disobeyed. On November 25, 1880, his contempt was signified to the Court of Chancery of the county Palatine; on March 8, 1881, a writ was issued by that Court, and on March 19, 1881, Mr. Green was arrested and lodged in Lancaster Gaol, where he had remained ever since. As more than three years had elapsed since the inhibition was issued, and the benefice had become void under the operation of the Public Worship Regulation Act, the Bishop, as the Ordinary of the diocese, now asked for an order relaxing the inhibition, and the libera- tion of Mr. Green. The grounds of the appli- cation were that Mr. Green had received an adequate punishment by the deprivation of his living, in addition to his sixteen months’ im- prisonment ; and also that the sentence had practically exhausted itself. Lord Penzance, in the course of a long judgment, and after expressing his surprise that the application had not been made sooner, declared that having exacted obedience to its decree, the Court was well satisfied to be able, by a reasonable inter- pretation of the statute, to put an end to an imprisonment which Mr. Gcreen appeared so little anxious to put an end to himself. To obtain from him a recognition, however tardy, of the duty which he owed to his Sovereign and country, in rendering a willing compliance to the laws under which he lived, would involve a struggle with Mr. Green entirely beneath the dignity of the Court. He therefore pronounced Mr. Green to have satisfied his contempt ; and he directed the officer of the Court to attach | the seal of the Chancery Court of York to the writ of deliverance in the form prescribed by the statute. 6 . — Fire in an almshouse at Halifax, Nova Scotia, the lives of fifty inmates being sacrificed through want of the commonest means of rescue. — The Duke of Connaught arrives at Dover from Egypt. 7. — A colliery explosion resulting in the loss of thirty lives occurred at Parkhouse Pit, be- longing to the Clay Cross Company, about five miles from Chesterfield. — Riotous and fatal affray among the work- men of Neuban, Vienna. — Lord Dufferin lands at Alexandria from Constantinople and proceeds to Cairo, com- missioned to unravel if possible the tangled skein of Egyptian politics, to suggest the best substitute for an English protectorate, and to lay down the basis upon which self-government j might be established in the Nile Valley. 3 . — A selected party of officers and men from Indian regiments which had served in Egypt arrive in this country on a visit, and are quartered in a house taken for them at Wim- bledon. 9. — The State prcfcession from the City to Westminster for the purpose of presenting the Lord Mayor to the Judges takes place for the last time. 11 . — Justice^ Lawson has a narrow escape from assassination in the streets of Dublin. About half-past five o’clock in the afternoon, as he was walking through College Street, one of the army pensioners employed in protection duty observed a suspicious-looking man on the opposite side of the street. In Kildare Street the man, having got ahead of the party, crossed the road and turned back to meet the judge. The pensioner, who then saw a revolver pro- jecting from the man’s breast-pocket, rushed forward and knocked him down. After a violent struggle the revolver was seized, and by the aid of the other men who always accom- panied Mr. Justice Lawson for his safety, the would-be assassin was secured and removed to the station-house, where he admitted his name to be Patrick Delaney. — Late at night a fire broke out at the Cattle Farm, Lismore, Waterford, the most extensive of the Duke of Devonshire’s Irish estates. Nearly all the buildings, a large quantity of machinery and implements, and thirty head of valuable cattle, were destroyed. — Died suddenly from heart disease, while sitting in his chair at home, George Rose, originally a Church of England clergyman, who seceded to Romanism during the Trac- tarian movement, and became widely known 1393 NOVEMBER 1882 NOVEMBER thereafter as ‘‘Arthur Sketchley,” the amusing author of “Mrs. Brown and her Sayings,” as well as of various plays and books of travel. 11. — The Orient Line steamer Austral foun- ders in Sydney harbour while coaling with her portholes open. All on board were saved except two, the purser and second engineer. — Died, at Dalzell House, Lanarkshire, of typhoid fever, aged 42, Lady Emily Hamilton, youngest daughter of David, tenth Earl of Leven,and wife of John Glencairn C. Hamilton, Esq., of Dalzell. 12 . — Birth of a daughter to the Queen of Spain. — Died at his seat, Craigends Castle, Stir- lingshire, aged 75, Sir Andrew Buchanan, G.C.B., engaged in the diplomatic service from his youth, and ambassador at various times to the Courts of Prussia, Austria, and Russia. 13 . — The Foot Guards receive a warm wel- come at Victoria Station on their return from Egypt. — Manchester Chamber of Commerce un- animously pass a resolution asserting that the scheme for constructing a Ship Canal should be carried out. 14 -. — According to the final report of liquidators of City Bank, Glasgow, the total cost of liquidation amounted to £194,000, or i|- per cent, of the sum passing through hands of liquidators. There were 1,300 shareholders when the Bank stopped {see pp. 1295-6, &c.), of whom 360 were women and 174 trustees. The first call of £500 per share produced one- half of the nominal amount, and nearly ruined one-third of the shareholders. The second call of .£2,250 per share was paid by only 176 shareholders. — The Marquis of Queensberry protests from his stall in the Globe Theatre against certain sentiments attributed to Secularists and Freethinkers in Tennyson’s Promise of May. — Mr. Gladstone makes his promised state- ment regarding Egypt. He said that the native army had been reduced from 30,000 to 12.000 between October 4th and November 4th. Affairs in Egypt were in a provisional state only, and a Convention was to follow as soon as convenient. Sir S. Northcote pro- tested against the withholding of complete information. 15 . — The Second Procedure Resolution pro- hibiting motions for adjournment at question time, except with the leave of the House, carried. Next day the Third, enabling the Speaker or Chairman to confine motions for adjournment strictly to the point and forbidding a second motion by the same member, was also agreed to. 16 . — The engineering works of Messrs. Horne & Co. at Millbank destroyed by fire. 1394 16 . — Mr. Shaw Lefevre announces in the j Commons that the Queen intended to open | the new Law Courts on 4th December. — Mr. Gladstone moves the Fourth Pro- cedure Resolution providing that on a division being challenged, the Speaker or Chairman may call on the challengers to rise, and if fewer than twenty, may declare without a division. A confused discussion arose on technical points ; ultimately an amendment by Mr. Parker, confining the rule to divisions after the order of the day and notices of motion, was carried by 85 to 15. Other amendments were accepted ; one by Mr. Gibson, providing that offending speakers shall be warned before being silenced, was lost by 120 to 52. — - Shortly before midnight a destructive fire broke out in the extensive premises of Mr. Whiteley, of Westbourne Grove. The fire originated in the toy and foreign department. Several engines were promptly on the spot ; but the flames raged for nearly five hours, and were with difficulty got under, although the wind was not high. A block of buildings, extending from 43 to 55 Westbourne Grove, was partially destroyed ; the upper portion by flames, the lower part by water. The damage was roughly estimated at over £100, 000. The origin of the fire was not accounted for. 17 . — Died at Canterbury, aged 78, George Gulliver, F.R.S., formerly Hunterian Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology to the Royal College of Surgeons. 18 . — About 8,000 troops of all arms recently returned from service in Egypt reviewed by the Queen in St. James’s Park. Medals were distributed at Windsor on the 21st, 22nd, and 24th. — Died at Rochester, aged 93, Rev. Edward Hawkins, D.D., Provost of Oriel College, Oxford — his predecessor being Dr. Coplestone — and Canon of Rochester ; in intimate rela- tion also with the circles dominated by Newman and Arnold. — Died, at London, aged 64, Carl Engel, an accomplished writer on national music, and justly ranked among the highest authorities upon the historical and ethnological develop- ment of musical instruments. 19 . — Died, the Earl of Harrowby, aged 84 ; and on the same day his brother, the lion. Fred. Dudley Ryder, aged 76. 20. — An election arising out of Mr. Grenfell’s acceptance of the post of Parliamentary Groom in Waiting takes place at Salisbury. Mr. Grenfell was defeated, polling only 852 electors against 955 who voted for Mr. C. Kennard, Conservative. 21 . — Died, at Aberdeen, aged 75, Dr. Wm. Pirie, Emeritus Professor of Surgery in the University of that city. NOVEMBER 1882 DECEMBER 21 . — The Gazette announces that Peerages had been granted to Sir Beauchamp Seymour and Sir Garnet Wolseley, the first to be Baron Alcester, the second Baron Wolseley of Cairo. 22. — Died, at New York, aged 85, Thurlow Weed, an American statesman, who had been an efficient wire-puller in his day both among Whigs and Republicans. 23 . — Before the debate on procedure, Mr. Parnell put in motion, for the first time, the newly-made rule enabling a member to move the adjournment of the House for the purpose of raising a discussion if backed by the rising in their places of forty members. On this occasion a hundred rose, whereupon a dis- cussion on the Arrears Act ensued, Mr. Parnell contending that an extension of time is required beyond November of this year in which to lodge the year’s rent to which the Government offer to add its equivalent. After the motion was withdrawn the Procedure Resolutions were considered, and the Tenth carried by 82 to 26. Next day, following Mr. Parnell’s precedent, Mr. Yorke induced forty members to stand up in support of his motion for adjournment, on which an acrimonious debate ensued upon the “Kilmainham Treaty.” Then the dis- cussion of Procedure was resumed, and after various amendments had been considered, Rules 11 and 12 w ere carried, and the debate was adjourned. — The Cathedral of St. Dennis, Paris, robbed of a large part of its royal treasure in the form of crowns, coronets, and precious sacramental vessels. The thieves obtained entry in absence of the watchman. 24 — Eight men, working on a railway near Bromley, buried while at breakfast under the ruins of a bridge they were engaged in removing. — Died at Highbury, aged 78, Andrew Pritchard, F.R. S.E., a high authority in microscopic studies, and one of the oldest members of the Royal Institution. — Died at Appley Tower, Ryde, Isle of Wight, aged 79, Right Hon. Sir William Hutt, K.C.B., member for Kingston-on-Hull in the first Reformed Parliament, and Vice- President of the Board of Trade in Lord Palmerston’s second administration 1859-65. 25 .— The large shop of the North-Western carriage works at Wolverton burnt down, the damage being estimated at ^100,000 while i,5°° workmen were temporarily thrown out of employment. — Died at Trant Court, Tunbridge Wells, Elizabeth Charlotte, Viscountess Stratford de Redcliffe, daughter cf Mr. James Alexander of Summerhill and second wife of the crreat diplomatist, who died August 1880. 26 . — A bomb maliciously exploded in a gaming saloon at Monte Carlo, Monaco, but only a very few seriously injured, although the panic was of the most intense description. 27 . — Mr. Gladstone introduces his first resolution for the appointment of Standing Committees as an experiment for the next session only. — Freedom of the City of Edinburgh con- ferred upon the Marquis of Salisbury, in recognition of his services as a statesman and man of letters. — Clevedon Court, near Bristol, the seat of Sir Arthur Hallam Elton, Bart., destroyed by fire, from the fury of which, however, a large portion of the valuable library, and some of the silver plate, was saved. — Denis Field, who had acted as foreman of the jury which found Walsh guilty of the Letterfrack murder, stabbed in Frederick Street, Dublin. The assassin escaped on a car which was waiting for him. An “ emergency ” man named Mallorwas also stabbed in Gardiner Street. — A railway bridge over the Turriff turn- pike road gives way under a mixed passenger and goods trains on the journey from Macduff to Aberdeen. Five persons were killed on the spot, and several seriously injured. 28 . — Close of the five days’ polling for Cambridge University, when Mr. C. Raikes, Conservative, was returned by a majority of nearly three to one, Professor Stuart, Liberal, polling only 1,301 votes, including persons and proxies. 29 . — Sophocles’ tragedy of “Ajax,” in the original Greek, performed at St. Andrew’s Hall for the first time by Cambridge under- graduates, under the direction of Professor Waldstein and other Hellenists of the Uni- versity. — A Hungarian peasant woman named Lynkas Kathi hanged at Steinamanger for being concerned in no fewer than twenty-six murders by selling poisoned cakes to persons who wished to get rid of their relatives. December 1. — For several nights preced- ing the present Procedure debate dragged itself along with painful slowness and frequent inter- ruptions. The House was thinning each day, and there appeared a very general desire to get the Grand Committee Rules disposed of with- out further delay. Procedure debate was at length closed this evening, the Rules as finally amended and agreed to providing — 1. That the Speaker or Chairman may stop the debate at his discretion, or if supported by more than 200 members ; or if opposed by less than 40 and supported by more than 100. 2. Provides I that motions for adjournment shall hold good I for the discussion of a definite matter of urgent public importance if 40 members support it by 1 395 DECEMBER 1882 DECEMBER standing up. 3. Provides for limiting such debate to the subject in hand. 4. Provides for the taking of divisions. 5, 6, and 7 are technical rules for the Speaker or Chairman’s guidance. 8. Makes it a standing order that no opposed motion shall be taken after half- past twelve at night. 9. Regulates the suspen- sion of offending members. 10. Gives the Speaker or Chairman the power to check attempts to secure delay by abuse of the rules. 11 and 12 are minor provisions, and 13 makes the first seven and last three resolutions into Standing Orders. Five additional rules re- lating to the appointment and working of Standing Committees were also made Standing Orders until the end of next Session. 1. — George Cole, a constable in the N Divi- sion of Metropolitan Police, shot dead at Dalston by a burglar while being taken to a lock-up about midnight. 2. — Parliament meets this afternoon (Satur- day) for prorogation, when the Queen’s Speech is read. This was the longest session of the present reign. — Wigan election results in the return of the Hon. Algernon Egerton, Conservative, by a majority of 622 over Mr. W. Wren, Radical. — Died at Cambridge, aged 78, Rev. James Challis, Plumian Professor of Astronomy, and author of many volumes of Astronomical Observations. 3 . — After many delays in the way of pre- paration for trial, Arabi pleads guilty to certain vague charges of rebellion, and was sentenced to death by a court-martial on the following day. The sentence was immediately commuted by the Khedive into one of perpetual exile, a return to Egypt being punishable with death. The Egyptian Ministry, led by Riaz Pasha, Minister of the Interior, at once resigned, in order to mark their disapproval of the com- promise, and, although Cherif retained the premiership, the Cabinet was reconstructed upon a more liberal, though possibly upon a less national, basis than that which had been in power since the return from Alexandria. Arabi was finally conveyed, with a few of his fellow-rebels, to Ceylon, where a life of peaceful ease was assured to him. — (Advent Sunday). Died at his residence, Addington Park, Surrey, aged 71, the Most Rev. Archibald Campbell Tait, D.D., Arch- bishop of Canterbury, and Primate of all England. His Grace, youngest son of Crau- furd Tait, Harviestown, Clackmannan, was born in Edinburgh 22nd December, 18 1 1, and educated at the High School, passing thence to the University of Glasgow, where in 1830 he was elected an Exhibitioner on Snell’s 1396 foundation at Balliol College, Oxford. He successively became Fellow, Tutor, and Public Examiner, and while there took a prominent part in opposition to the teaching of Dr. Henry Newman, especially as expressed in Tract XC. On the death of Dr. Arnold, in 1842, Dr. Tait was appointed to succeed him as Head Master of Rugby School, where he remained till i860, when he accepted the Deanery of Carlisle. When Bishop Blomfield retired from the Bishopric of London, Dr. Tait was ap- pointed his successor ; and on the death of Dr. Longley, in 1868, he was translated to the Archiepiscopal See of Canterbury, which he afterwards continued to occupy. Holding such a post he was naturally subjected to a deal of criticism, much of it of the most acrimonious description, especially from some advanced members of the so-called Ritualistic party ; but he betrayed no resentment, and was much loved by all who had the honour of his personal acquaintance. His Grace was the 92nd Archbishop of Canterbury in succession from St. Augustine, and 23rd from the first Protestant who filled the see, Matthew Parker. On the 8th the honoured remains were laid in the churchyard of Addington, the funeral being attended by the Dukes of Connaught and Albany, a majority of the English bishops, many friends, and several prominent Noncon- formist divines, as well as representatives of other shades of religious belief. 3 . — Died, aged 82, Duke Bernard of Saxe- Meningen, father of the reigning Prince placed on the throne by Prussia, 1 866. 4 . — The Queen opens the new Law Courts erected after the designs of G. E. Street, R.A. An imposing ceremonial was observed, her Majesty being received in the hall by the judges and representatives of the Bar. The Lord Chancellor (Selborne) was advanced to the rank of an earl, and the honour of knighthood conferred upon the treasurers of the various Inns of Court. — The ruins of the Tuileries sold to a build- ing contractor for 32,000 francs, the State reserving irs right to any work of art which might be found on clearing away the stone- work. — Gibraltar officials dismissed for neglect of duty in the matter of certain Cuban refugees handed over to the Spanish authorities. 5. — Stanford Court, Worcestershire, an old Elizabethan mansion, the seat of Sir Thomas Winnington, almost wholly de- stroyed by fire, with its valuable library and manuscripts. 6 . — Heavy snowstorms prevail over the greater part of the United Kingdom. Floods also experienced over large tracts of country in France and Germany. DECEMBER 1882 DECEMBER 6 . — Transit of Venus successfully observed at Cape Colony, Madagascar, New Zealand, and Buenos Ayres. — Died, in Welbeck Street, London, aged 67, Anthony Trollope, a prolific and popular novelist, whose books of travel, and other contributions to general literature placed him in the front rank among writers of the day. Mr. Trollope, the son of T. A. Trollope and Mrs. Frances Trollope, authoress of “ Widow Barnaby,” and other novels, was educate! at Winchester and Harrow, from which he passed to a junior position in the General Post Office. Probably the most methodical of literary workers, Mr. Trollope was also among the most successful in a money point of view. — Died, at Feltham, having reached the great age of 93, Miss Kelly, a once famous actress associated in melodrama and tragedy with Edmund Kean, Mrs. Siddons, and the Kembles. Miss Kelly first appeared at Drury Lane in 1799, when she performed a small part in the opera of “ Blue Beard,” written by her uncle Michael. In her later days she managed, but with no great commercial suc- cess, the little theatre in Soho on the site of which the new Royalty now stands. — Died, at Cannes, aged 71, M. Louis Blanc, French politician, historian, and jour- nalist. Famous in the outbreak of 1848 through his ingenious schemes for promoting the “Organisation of Labour” which ulti- mately led to his banishment and residence in England for twenty-one years. M. Louis Blanc was born in Madrid, but was of Corsican descent. A public funeral was awarded to him, and the body conveyed to Paris for interment on the 12th. 7 . — The “Alhambra” Theatre and Music Hall, originally erected in 1862 as the Panop- ticon, totally destroyed by fire, seven firemen being injured, two of whom died. Several adjoining houses were much damaged, the ■whole being estimated at about j£ioo,ooo. — Train snowed -up for three days between Bala and Festiniog, North Wales. 8 . — Property estimated at the value of over ^2,000,000 destroyed by a fire in the block of buildings occupied by Messrs. Foster, Porter, & Co., Messrs. Rylands, and other large firms in Wood Street, Cheapside. Thirty steam engines and as many hand engines were at one time striving to subdue the flames, but they succeeded only in saving adjacent blocks and streets, with the exception of a packing warehouse wherein the fire blazed out afresh next day. 9 . — Died at St. Leonards, aged 78, Sir Joseph Napier, Bart., Lord Chancellor of Ireland in Lord Derby’s Second Adminis- tration ( 1 858 59), and member of the Judicial Committee of Privy Council. 10. — Heavy snowstorm in Madrid, the first seen there for twenty years. Two days later a fire broke out in the buildings occupied by the Minister of War, when the library with part of the archives were burned, and a score of persons injured. 11 . — Died, at Reigate Lodge, Surrey, aged 90, Sir Thomas Watson, Bart., M.D., F.R.S., whose lectures at King’s College on the principles and practice of medicine marked an era in the history of a profession in which he was otherwise conspicuous for upholding its best and highest traditions. — Publication of correspondence between the late Archbishop of Canterbury and Mr. Mackonochie, by which the latter placed in the Primate’s hands his resignation of the incumbency of St. Alban’s, Holborn. — A destructive fire broke out in Kingston, Jamaica, the greater part of the business quarter of the town being destroyed on this and the two following days. 12 . — The new buildings on the Thames Embankment, erected at the expense of fhe Corporation, for the City of London School (formerly in Milk Street, Cheapside), opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales. — Parliamentary return issued, showing the number of tramways in the United King- dom to be 135, extending over 564 miles. Of the number, twenty-six belonged to local authorities. The total number of passengers for the year ending with June last was 257,760,066. — Died, aged 84, William Gallignani, of Paris, founder of Gallignani' s Messenger. 13 . — Prayer offered up in the Mosques of Cairo and provinces for the Queen of England as the “ Mirror of Justice.” — Mr. Gladstone’s political jubilee cele- brated in many parts of the kingdom, and con- gratulatory telegrams forwarded to him from friends all over the world. Mr. Gladstone was first returned as a Tory for the Duke of New- castle’s borough of Newark, but so hotly was the contest waged that the seat came to be won by only some sixty votes out of more than 1, 100 recorded. 14 -. — Fire, caused by the upsetting of a paraffin lamp, broke out in the north-east corner of Hampton Court Palace, the suite of apartments being occupied by one of the lady pensioners. The well-known pic- ture gallery was for some time in serious danger. 15 . — Three members of the Joyce family convicted of having taken part in the Maam- trasna murders, executed at Galway Jail. Five others had pleaded guilty and been condemned, but were reprieved. 1397 DECEMBER 1882-83 J AN UAR V 15 . — Died at the Royal Villa of Martia, near Lucca, Penelope Smith, of Ballynatray, Waterford, whose marriage with the Prince of Capua had been solemnised on four different | occasions — at Rome, Madrid, Gretna Green, and finally at St. George’s, Hanover Square. 16 . — Died, aged 85, The Right Rev. Alfred Ollivant, D. D., Bishop of Llandaff, the last survivor of the eighteenth century on the Episcopal Bench. 17 . — Died at Penzance, where he was wintering for his health, aged 86, The Very Rev. Francis Close, D.D., late Dean of Carlisle. IS.— Gunton Hall, near North Walsham, Norfolk, the seat of Lord Suffield, partially destroyed by fire. The pictures were saved, but much valuable furniture was lost ; the total damage to the building being estimated at ^30,000. The origin of the fire was undis- covered. 20. — The appointment of Dr. Edward White Benson, Bishop of Truro, to the Primacy announced. 21. — Verdict given in the Clyde Court- martial, Commander F. W. Burgoyne Heron being convicted of fraudulent negligence, and dismissed the service. 23 . — The sale of the second portion of the Beckford Library (Duke of Hamilton’s) con- cluded, having realised in the twelve days ^22,340, which, together with the portion previously sold, made up the total to ^53,800. The concluding portion was reserved for next year. — After a very painful and perilous illness, Mr. Fawcett, the Postmaster-General, pro- nounced to be convalescent. 24 . — Died, aged 42, Professor Taswell Langmead, Editor of the law Magazine and Review. 26 . — Another fire breaks out on the premises of Mr. Whiteley, “the universal provider” in Westbourne Grove. It was chiefly confined to the manufacturing depart- ment and stables, but property to the value of over ^20,000 was destroyed. 27 . — The Belt libel case, which had occupied the Exchequer Division of the High Court of Justice for ten days of Trinity term, the whole of the Michaelmas Term, besides extra sittings (in all forty-three days), con- cluded in a verdict for the plaintiff, with ^5,000 damages. The libel complained of stated that certain busts and pieces of sculp- ture attributed to Mr. Belt and claimed by him, were executed by other persons in his employ. Baron fluddleston was the judge. With this case, the sittings of the Law Courts at Westminster ceased. — By the fall of a chimney connected with Sir H. Ripley’s Newland Mills at Brad- 1398 ford, forty persons, chiefly women, were killed, and upwards of fifty seriously injured. The accident took place just after a number of the | hands had left for breakfast. At the Coroner’s inquest the jury, after a lengthened consulta- tion, returned a verdict of accidental death, believing that the owners did all unpractical men could reasonably be expected to do under the circumstances. They expressed the opinion that the foundation was good, and attributed the fall to the cutting when the chimney was first built, and strongly regre:ted that the works were not stopped during the repairs. 27 . — Grand fetes held at Vienna in celebra- tion of the Six Hundredth Anniversary of the Advent to the Austrian Throne of the House of Hapsburg. 30 . — Woodbastwick Hall, Suffolk, the resi- dence of Mr. Albemarle Cator, reduced almost to a wreck. The fire broke out in the chimney of the laundry, and extended rapidly, destroy- ing the great hall and much valuable furniture and other property valued at ,£25,000. — Count Wimpffen, the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador at Paris, in a fit of mental de- • pression, shot himself in a kiosque on one of the outer Boulevards. 31 . — Died at his residence, Ville d'Avray, near Paris, from the effects of a gun-shot wound in the hand, aged 44, Leon Michel Gambetta, ex-Dictator of France, unsurpassed among modern statesmen of his country for the fiery energy, marvellous industry, and un- flagging courage with which he directed the defence of Paris against the German forces. Gambetta, a lawyer and journalist by pro- fession, was a native of Cahors, where his father, of Genoese extraction, kept a small shop opposite the Cathedral. 1883. January 1. — Married Women’s Property Act (1882) comes into operation. — An engine driver and stoker killed on the Cambrian Railway, near Barmouth, by a fall of earth, which impelled the train over a precipice on the rocky shore of Cardigan Bay — Died, at Gosford House, East Lothian, aged 87, Francis Wemyss Charteris Douglas, eighth Earl of Wemyss and March, well-known as a sportsman and master of hounds. — Died at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, aged 81, Philip Henry Howard, F. S.A., of Corby Castle, Cumberland, for many years one of the two Roman Catholics who represented English constituencies, having sat for Carlisle from 1830 to 1852. 2 . — Disastrous floods again reported from various parts of Central Europe, particularly along the banks of the Rhine, Danube and Seine. JANUARY JANUARY 1 883 2 . — Agrarian outrage at Upper Cross, Tip- perary, the “ emergency men” on this occasion, however, managing to shoot one of their assail- ants dead, and wounding others. — Died at Bradgate Park, Leicester, a favourite residence built by himself, George Harry Grey, seventh Earl of Stamford and Warrington, formerly master of the Quorn hounds, and otherwise well-known on the turf as a breeder of sires so famous as Cambuscan and Geheimniss. His Lordship was born in 1827. — Died at Torquay, aged 72, Major-General Sir George Hall Macgregor, IC. C.B., a promi- nent Indian official, who had been secretary to Sir William Macnaghten in the first Afghan war. 3 . — Removal of the lantern tower of Peter- borough Cathedral commenced, in consequence of the alarming reports of the architects ap- pointed to examine the cracks which had recently appeared in parts of the building. The tower, erected in 1350, was 150 feet high, and rising over the centre of the building, its fall would probably have involved the de- struction of the Cathedral. The cost of the removal was estimated at ^40,000. 5 . — Died, aged 59, Antoine Eugene Chanzy, a French general, who fought at Magenta and Solferino, and was leader for a time of the Republicans in the National Assembly. 6 . — Funeral of Gambetta celebrated with great pomp in Paris, the procession to Pere la Chaise extending over two miles in length. Orations were delivered at the grave by the President of the Chambers, M. Henri Martin, and various other officials. The body was removed within a week for interment in the family vault at Nice. 7 . — Collision at the mouth of the Mersey between the steamships Kirby Hall and City oj Brussels , resulting in the loss of the latter vessel and 10 lives. 8. — Sir Charles Dilke re-elected foFChelsea without opposition on his appointment as Presi- dent of the Local Government Board. 9 . — The town of Raab in Hungary, a centre of the grain trade seriously devastated by floods, 400 houses being swept away, and 10,000 people rendered houseless. — The colours of the 71st Highlanders which had been captured at Buenos Ayres in the unfortunate war of 1806-7 restored to the regiment. An English settler on the La Plata, into whose hands they had fallen, dedred on his death-bed that they might be sent to the Duke of Cambridge. — Died, aged 81, Sir Samuel Martin, Baron of Exchequer. 10. — Arabi and other Egyptian rebels arrive at Ceylon, their place of exile. 10. -— Newhall House, the chief hotel of Mil- waukee, destroyed by fire in the course of a couple of hours. Of the 100 persons sleeping in the house, upwards of 90 lost their lives by burning, or leaping from the windows. The calamity was thought to have been wilfully caused by the bar-keeper, who was, however, acquitted on trial. 1 1 . — The Royal Courts of J ustice used for the first time in the transaction of Court business. The opening by Lord Chief Justice Coleridge was all but informal, many of the Judges being absent on circuit. 13 . — The Prince of Wales, accompanied by other members of the Royal Family, unveils a statue of the late French Prince Imperial, executed by Count Gleichen, and set up in the grounds of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. — The Duchess of Connaught delivered of a son, Arthur. 15 — Patrick Higgins, Thomas Higgins, and Michael Flynn convicted of murdering Lord Ardilaun’s two bailiffs, and throwing them into Lough Mask, executed at Galway. — Five persons burned to death and four injured through a fire breaking out in a lodging-house, Windsor Street, City. 16 . — Arrest and imprisonment of Prince Napoleon in Paris for publishing and causing to be distributed a manifesto of a seditious char- acter, abusing the Republic, and censuring its administration of affairs. — Cetewayo, once more King of the Zulus, arrives in his own country, and is well received by the natives. 17 . — Mr. Gladstone leaves London on a visit to the south of France for the benefit of his health. — Strike among the guards and engine- drivers on the Caledonian Railway for a limitation of the day’s work to nine hours, the augmentation of over- time pay, and a re- arrangement of Sunday duty. — A portrait of Thomas West, third Lord Delaware (after whom the Delaware River was named) presented to the City of Philadelphia. 19 . — Announcement made that the Rev. Canon Wilkinson, of St. Peter’s, Eaton Square, had been appointed to the Bishopric of Truro ; and Archdeacon Lewis, of Lampeter, to the Bishopric of Llandaff. — Explosion in an Amsterdam powder factory, causing the death of 40 workmen besides enormous damage to the buildings. — Collision near the Island of Borkum, off the mouth of the Elbe, between the mail steamer Cimbria, from Hamburg to New York, and the British steamer Sultan from Hull. The former sunk almost immediately, taking down with her about 400 passengers and crew. 1399 JANUAA Y 883 JANUAR Y 19 . — Died at Titchfield House, Hants, aged 90, Lieut. -General Sir Richard England, G.C.B., an officer who had seen much active service since 1809 in the Netherlands, Caffraria, in Afghanistan, where he also led his Bombay Division through the Bolan Pa^s back to the Indus, and in the Crimea, where he was on the field both at Alma and Inkerman, as well as in all the operations before Sebastopol. — Died at Bangkok, aged 77, the ex- Regent of Siam (Surriwongse), one of the ablest administrators known in the East, and a devoted scientific student. 20 — Seventeen persons arrested in Dublin brought up before the magistrates on the charge of conspiring to murder Government officials. Among those now arrested was an apparently well-tq-do tradesman, named James Carey, recently elected a Town Councillor in Dublin, and of whom much was to be heard during the year. The testimony of an “approver, 5 ' named Robert Farrell, labourer, revealing the secret history of the association alone occupied the Court in the first instance. Something had always been known by the outer world of the Fenian organisation, but Farrell’s reve- lations disclosed the existence of an organi- sation inside that — a mysterious inner circle, composed of men carefully selected from the larger body, organised for the assassination of Government officials and others. Its mem- bers were unacquainted with the bulk of their associates ; each man only knew the colleague who swore him in, and who was known as his “right,” and another introduced by himself, who was known as his “left.” The main business of the inner circle, so far as Farrell’s knowledge of it went, was to try and assassi- nate the then Chief Secretary, Mr. Forster. The “informer ” described with great coolness and elaborate minuteness of detail a series of plans to take Mr. Forster’s life, each of which only failed through some mere chance — some bungle in the working of a preconcerted signal, or some error in the calculation of the hour at which the Chief Secretary’s carriage would pass by an appointed spot. Farrell himself was never a member of this secret inner circle, nor was he ever present at any meeting called for the purpose of planning the murder of any one ; but admitted being implicated in certain attempts on the life of the Chief Secretary. He furthermore stated that one of the prisoners, I lanlon, had given him a circumstantial account of the attempt to murder Mr. Field. Farrell’s evidence, as may well be believed, created the most intense excitement both in Great Britain and America ; nor was this excitement in any way lessened when it became known that Government expected to elicit from this inquiry information, not merely with regard to the attack on'Mr. Field, but to the still mysterious murders in the Phoenix Park in May of last year. ( See Feb. 3.) 1400 29 . — At Glasgow this (Saturday) evening three outrages, or intended outrages, readily enough attributed to Fenian conspirators, ex- cited wide alarm, and also universal detestation. Shortly after ten o’clock an explosion, heard far beyond the area of the city, took place at Trades- ton Gas Works, from which the greater part of the south side is supplied. One of the huge gas- ometers was rent and blown up, much damage being done thereby within the walled boundary of the works, and also to several private houses in streets adjacent. Eleven persons were more or less injured. A little later an attempt was discovered to have been made for the purpose of blowing up the aqueduct carrying the Forth and Clyde Canal across the Possil Road, near Maryhill. The canister by which this was to be effected was found by a gunner of the Royal Artillery (Barr), who with four com- panions, one of them a female, were all injured by the explosion of the mysterious metal case unearthed with considerable patience and trouble. On the same Saturday evening, but a few minutes past midnight, a shed only a few yards from the passenger platform was blown up at the Buchanan Street Station of the Caledonian Railway. In this case happily no one was injured, and but little damage done to surrounding property. 21. — International Exhibition opened at Rome by the King and Queen of Italy. — Died at Berlin, aged 82, Prince Charles of Prussia, only surviving brother of the German Emperor, and chief of the Prussian Artillery. — Died in Brompton Crescent, having reached the great age of 93, Mrs. Anna Eliza Bray (in early life Mrs. Charles Stothard), novelist and historical writer, whose first work, “ De Foix, ” appeared as far back as 1826. 22 . — The ex-Empress Eugenie suddenly left London for Paris, where she remained about six-and-thirty hours at the Hotel du Rhin, and visited the chitf members of the Bonaparte family. — The old Law Court buildings at West- minster sold by auction in 21 1 lots. — Died in his Paris house, Rue Bayard, which had once belonged to the Due St. Simon, and aged only 51, Paul Gustave Dore, the most prolific and, in some respects, the most powerful painter of his clay. Dore was a native of Strasbui-g, and studied at the Lycee Charlemagne, Paris, contributing landscapes to the “Salon ” when little over six een years of age. The great drawing of “Christ Leaving the Praetorium,” judged by some as his most finished picture, was completed with many others in 1874. — Died, aged 62, Wolfgang von Gcethe, a member of the diplomatic service, and grand- son of the poet. JANUAR Y 1883 FEBRUARY 23 . — Died at San Remo, aged 69, Rev. Thomas George Luther, D.C.L., Episcopal Bishop of Aberdeen and Orkney. 24 . — Wyatt’s equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, erected in 1846, taken down from the arch at Hyde Park Corner, and after much acrimonious discussion, re- moved to Aldershot. — The election at Mallow results in the return of the Nationalist candidate, William O’Brien, editor of United Ireland , who polled 166 votes aga'nst 80 given to Mr. Naish, the newly-appointed Solicitor-General. — Died, aged 70, Frederick Ferdinand Flotow, composer of “Martha” (1847) and many other popular operas. 25 . — Silver wedding of the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia (Princess Royal of England) celebrated at Berlin. — Destructive gale in Liverpool and other parts of the north of England, causing much damage to shipping. — Died at Castle Cloyne, Westmeath, aged 61, Fulk Southwell Greville Nugent, M.P. for Longford 1852-69, when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Greville. 27 . — A portion of the remains of the Spanish hero, El Cid, and his wife, Ximena, which in some unexplained manner had been removed to Sigmaringen, in Germany, re- stored by Prince Charles of Hohenzollern for re-interment in Spain. The ceremony took place at Madrid in the presence of King Alphonso, surrounded by his court, and the representatives of the Province of Castille received the urn pending its x*estoration to the Cathedral of Burgos, or the Church of Cordova, where the sepulchre of The Cid is shown. — On unravelling what came to be known as the “ P. ddie Frauds,” nearly ^26,000 was reported as deficient through the opera- tions of the Secretary to the Dissenting Ministers’ Friendly Society of Scotland, Donald Smith Peddie, who, to the surprise of a wide religious circle, had absc jnded some two months since. — Died, aged 53, Frederick Martin, com- yiler of the “Statesman’s Year Book,” and many other popular works. 23 . — Resignation of the Duclerc Ministry in Paris, the Premier himself being seriously ailing. A new ministry was constructed next day by M. Follieres. — Captain Mayet thrown from his balloon and killed while making a descent over the city of Madrid. 30 . — The Marquis of Bute cuts the first sod on the site of his new docks at Cardiff. 30 . — Died at Chester, aged 62, John Owen, Welsh musical composer. February 1 . — The steamer Kenmnre Castle, on her voyage from Shields to China, founders during a gale in the Bay of Biscay. Of 45 passengers and crew on board only eight were picked up and conveyed to Boulogne, after drifting about in a small boat for three days without food and very little clothing, the calamity taking place during the night, when many rushed to the engine room covered only with their night- dress. — Died at Brighton, aged 70, Miss Fanny Corbaux, a member of the Institute of Painters in Water Colours ; devoted also to Biblical and Oriental studies. — Died at Cadiz, aged 62, Signor Tamberlik, tenor vocalist. 2 . — Disastrous floods reported from various parts of the United States, the towns of Cleveland (Ohio) and Bradford (Penn.) suffer- ing most severely. 3 . — Renewed examination of witnesses con- cerning the Dublin murders, the seat of in- quiry being now removed from the Northern Police Court to the Court-house adjoining Kilmainham Prison. Twenty-one prisoners were charged, four additional having been ap- prehended since 20th January. Evidence was now led as to the Phoenix Park outrage. Knives were produced which had been found in James Carey’s house, deadly-looking weapons, such as are used by surgeons for amputation. The medical men who had examined the bodies of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke considered that the knives corresponded to the nature of the wounds inflicted. A chairmaker and his wife, who lived at the Strawberry Beds, identified Edward O’Brien and Joseph Brady as being in the Phoenix Park on the day of the murder. The keeper of a deerkeeper’s lodge testified to seeing a car with Joseph Brady on it pass out of the Chapelizod gate on the evening of the murder. Another witness had seen Brady and M’Cafifrey in the Park on the evening of the murder. On February 10, Michael Kavanagh, the car driver, turned informer. His evidence was startling. On May 6, 1882, he drove Joe Brady, Tim Kelly, and two other men, whose names he did not know, but one of whom he identified as Patrick Delaney, to the Phoenix Park. There they found James Carey, who gave the signal for the murder of Mr. Burke and Lord Frederick Cavendish by raising a white handkerchief. Kavanagh saw the murder committed ; then his four passengers got on again to the car and he drove off as fast as he could, returning to the city by a roundabout way. On the night of the Field outrage he drove Brady and Daniel Delaney to Ilardwicke Street, where Tim Kelly and Hanlon were, and after the assault he drove Brady and Kelly away. 1401 FRBRUAR V 883 FEBRUARY 3 . — Two gamekeepers (Robert Fyfe and Bernard McCoughtrie) shot on the grounds of Devol, near Port Glasgow, Renfrewshire. 7 . — Died at Rydal, aged 72, William Wordsworth, the last surviving son of the poet, and for some time distributor of stamps for Cumberland. — Died at St. Petersburg, Cajetan Andryecvich Kossovich, the first Sanskrit Professor at St. Petersburg, to a great extent self-taught. Besides his studies in Sanskrit, of which he left an unfinished dictionary, he devoted much study to cuneiform inscriptions. 8. — Christopher Dowling tried in Dublin for the murder of Constable Cox, whom he shot on the 25 th November last. A number of detectives engaged in watching the move- ments of several men, among whom was the prisoner, were crossing the street to arrest the latter when he presented a revolver at Cox and shot him dead. For the defence it was contended that the conduct of the police had been reckless, and that Cox had been shot by his comrades. The jury returned a verdict of guilty, and Judge Harrison pronounced sentence of penal servitude for life. Messrs. Davitt, Healy, and Quinn were arrested this morning and conveyed in cabs to Kilmainham Gaol. No public excitement was caused by the execution of the warrants. Two farmers, named Coleman and Smyth, were also arrested near Newtown Hamilton, County Armagh, on a charge of conspiracy to murder certain land- lords and Government officials in Armagh and Monaghan, and of being members of the Irish Patriotic Brotherhood. They were re- turned for trial at the assizes, together with an approver named O’Hanlon, who refused to give evidence. 9 . — Died at Oxford, aged 56, Professor Henry Stephen Smith, a noted Rugby student, Double First in Classics and Mathematics, Oxford (1849), successor to Baden Powell in the Chair of Geometry, and in pure mathe- matics judged to be almost without a rival in England or the Continent. Professor Smith was also a classical scholar of wide knowledge and exquisite taste. 10. — Miss Booth, of the Salvation Army, and her companion, Miss Charlesworth, ex- pelled from the Canton of Geneva ; Miss Booth, for not producing an account of a collection made at a Salvation meeting in December, and Miss Charlesworth because she was not fur- nished with the written authority of her parents to reside in the Cant on, and because after being examined for three hours on Saturday, in camera , she objected on conscientious grounds to undergo a second examination on Sunday. — Died at Hartford, Connecticut, aged 58, the Hon. Marshall Jewell, a distinguished American electrician, politician, and diplo- matist. 1402 IO. — Died in Broadmoor Lunatic Asylum, where he had been confined since 1837, John G mde, formerly a captain in the 10th Royal Hussars, grievously afflicted with the notion of being the sovereign power in Great Britain. — Died at Wartle, Basingstoke, aged 78, General Sir Henry Drury Harness, K.C.B., Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers. He served during the Indian Mutiny, com- manding Royal Engineers at the siege and capture of Lucknow. 12 . — Mr. John Bright, M.P., presides at the opening of the new Infirmary gifted by Mr. Thomas Watson to the town of Roch- dale. 13 . —Fire at Crofthead Thread Works, Neilston, near Glasgow, the damage being estimated at ^40,000. — Two of the heavy bankruptcies which followed the failure of the City of Glasgow Bank finally disposed of. The London Bankruptcy Court granted formal orders for the closing of the bankruptcies of Matthew Buchanan and Co. (Matthew and Fairlie) and James Morton and Co. (Morton and Taylor), the trustees having carried out the arrangement entered into between the liquidators of the bank and the creditors of the firms. In the former case a dividend of 3 /. per ^1 on the debts of the firm, and a dividend of 10^. on the separate debts, and in the latter dividends of Ii - . and 6 s. respectively, were paid. The residue of the estates was handed over to the' liquidators of the bank. The total liabilities of the two firms amounted to about three millions and three-quarters. — Died at Venice, aged 70, Richard Wag- ner, composer of Tannhduser, Lohengrin , and many other marvellous musical dramas. Wagner was born in Leipsic, and received his first education at the Kreuzschulp, Dres- den. — Died at Siena, aged 83, Padre Pendola, founder of the well-known Institute for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb by means of the vocal system. 14 . — Concluded at Liverpool Assizes, an action by the Blackpool Winter Gardens Company against Messrs. Hollingshead and Meyer, theatrical agents, London, to recover damages for Madame Sarah Bernhardt having on the 28th August last refused to complete a performance of La Dame aux Camilias , A disclaimer by Mr. Hollingshead that he was responsible in the engagement was accepted by counsel for the plaintiffs. The jury returned a verdict against the other defendant, Mr. Meyer, and the damages, it was understood, were by mutual consent fixed at ^150* 15 . — The fourth session of the tenth Parliament of Queen Victoria opened by Commission. The Royal Speech dwelt on FEBRUARY 1883 FEBRUARY the success of the Ministerial policy in Ireland and Egypt, and the maintenance of friendly relations with foreign States. The reorganisation of the Egyptian Government would be sub- mitted, it stated, to the Sultan and the Powers. Cetewayo’s restoration in Zululand was justified on the ground of the previous unsettled state of the country, and as a guarantee of future peace. Prominence was given, in the legisla- tive proposals, to a Criminal Code Bill, a Criminal Appeal Bill, a Bankruptcy Bill, and a Patents Bill. After these came the Corrupt Practices Bill and the London Municipal Reform Bill “ if time should permit.” 15 . — The reward offered in connection with the recent explosion at Tradeston Gas Works, Glasgow, increased from ^100 to ^500. The water was, by this time pumped out of the tank, and further inspections made by Colonel Majendie, on behalf of the Government, and by Mr. Hawksley on behalf of the Corporation, the result tending to confirm both gentlemen in their first impression that the explosion was caused by the application of some external agency. In connection with the mysterious box found the same night at Possil Bridge, Colonel Majendie stated that it was un- doubtedly intended to cause far more serious disaster than actually occurred, and had the apparatus been more effective the bridge might have been blown down and the water of the canal let in upon the city. 16 . — By a fire which broke out at an early hour this morning in the house of a Notting- ham artisan, a woman named Mrs. Knowles, together with her three young children and her aged mother, was burned to death. The cause of the outbreak was the overheating of the flue of a copper in the cellar, and when the flames were discovered the whole lower portion of the house was on fire. The husband ap- peared to have made his escape regardless of the fate of the other members of the family, and his conduct was censured by the coroner’s jury. 17 . — Councillor James Carey enters the court at Kilmainham as an informer. This Carey had conducted himself all through the course of the investigations thus far with a cool effrontery. His position among the other prisoners was peculiar. He belonged to a somewhat better class in life than the rest. His place on the Town Council he owed to the fact that he was an ex-suspect. He had been arrested under the old Coercion Act on suspicion of being concerned in an outrage in Amiens Street. After his release he stood at the municipal elections for Town Councillor, and was elected by a very large majority over a Liberal and Roman Catholic opponent. His demeanour during the early part of the investigation was noisily defiant. He pro- tested loudest when first arrested. He swag- gered out of the prison van to the first ex- amination smoking a cigar, ostentatiously 1403 dressed to mark the distinction between his position and that of his fellow prisoners ; he was next heard of as losing his temper and assaulting the Governor of Kilmainham Gaol. But after the evidence of Farrell and Lamie his audacity appears to have broken down. He determined to save his own neck at all hazards, and turned informer. 17. — The inquiry into the Phoenix Park murders was resumed to-day at Kilmainham, when twenty of the prisoners were placed in the dock. On the usual roll of names being called over, it was at once observed that the list did not include James Carey, the Town Councillor, and all doubt as to the meaning of his absence from the dock was removed when he was called as the first witness for the Crown. Carey now appeared on hisown showing to be the basest of all the assassins. He had lured other men into the association, had plotted murder, had arranged the Phoenix Park assassinations, and given the signal when the deed was to be done. In his first examina- tion to-day, lasting over five hours, the informer coolly described the constitution of the society, formed fifteen months ago, for “the removal of tyrants,” which bore the name of the Irish Invincibles. It was composed of “picked men ” belonging to the Fenian Brotherhood, and was not intended to number more than 250 members throughout the kingdom, fifty of whom were to constitute the Dublin branch. Witness and James Mullet, Edward M’Caffrey, and Daniel Curley were appointed to select members in Dublin and to organise the society by a man named Walsh, and afterwards by Captain M’Cafferty, and still more recently by an individual only known to witness as “ Number One.” Carey revealed the details of a plot against Mr. Forster, which was attempted to be carried out on the 3rd of March last, and on several subsequent occa- sions, but each attempt was frustrated, either by the fortuitous presence of police at the spot, or by the non-appearance of the ex-Chief Secretary himself. Mr. Forster, Earl Cowper, and Mr. Burke were the first three named for assassination, and in the case of the last un- fortunate gentleman the assassins met on several occasions before the 6th of May, but failed to accomplish their purpose until that day. Carey corroborated Kavanagh’s evidence regarding the occupants of the car, and said that he himself went into the cab driven by Fitzharris. Witness said he waved a white handkerchief for a signal as he and Smith were being driven to the spot where the main body of the men were gathered. The latter numbered seven: — Joseph Brady, Timothy Kelly, Daniel Curley, Joseph Hanlon, Edward O’Brien, Thomas Caffrey, and Patrick Delaney. After telling them that Mr. Burke was coming witness left them, having previously sent Smith away, and proceeded towards Island Bridge. He looked round as he went, and saw’ Brady strike Mr. Burke with his left hand. EE * FEBRUARY 883 FEBRUARY Carey saw Daniel Curley the same evening in Dublin, and the latter told witness that Brady attacked Mr. Burke, and afterwards stabbed Lord Frederick Cavendish. Witness also saw Brady himself that night, and he detailed the course of the murders, saying that he stabbed Mr. Burke on the left shoulder, when Lord Frederick Cavendish struck Brady with his umbrella. Brady then struck Lord Frederick Cavendish on the arm, followed him into the roadway, and there, as he said, “finished him.” Witness further stated that the mysterious person known as “ Number One ” had given him to understand that there would be no limit to the money supplied to them. He did not know where the money came from, but in the course of conversation between him- self and his confederates the impression was that it came from the Land League. This, however, was not established in evidence. The cross-examination of Carey was adjourned. 18 . — The embalmed body of Richard Wag- ner, which had been brought from Venice to Bayreuth, interred with stately ceremony in the tomb built by Wagner himself within the grounds of his villa Wahnfried. 19 . — In the House of Commons to-day Sir Herbert Maxwell gives notice of a question as to the antecedents of the man Sheridan, one of the persons implicated in the conspiracy of the “Irish Invincibles ” by the evidence of James Carey. In reply to Sir Stafford North- cote, Mr. Trevelyan said he believed Sheridan was the person referred to in the memorandum sent to the members of Her Majesty’s Govern- ment at the time when the release of the suspected members of Parliament was under consideration in April last. — Died, aged 65, Charles J. Eyston, of East Hendred, Berkshire, the head of an old Roman Catholic family, whose property had been held for five centuries of unbroken de- scent. He lived a retired life, devoting himself to mathematical and astronomical study. 20. — The depositions having been read to- day in Kilmainham Court-house, the prisoners, twenty in number, were committed for trial on the charge of conspiracy to murder certain Government officials and others, and of having in pursuance of that conspiracy murdered Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke. Whelan was committed on the charge of treason -felony, but admitted to bail, himself in ^50 and two sureties in ^25 each. Writing to a clergy- man who had asked permission to dedicate to her a sermon on the late Chief Secretary, Lady Frederick Cavendish requested to see the MS., lest it should contain ‘ ‘ any word that could be turned into a desire for vengeance,” add- ing an earnest prayer that neither her sorrow nor the wickedness of her husband’s assassins may ever blind herself or any of the English people to the duty of patience, justice, and sympathy with regard to the Irish people. 1404 20. — The steamer Strathdee sunk off the Isle of Arran by coming into collision with the Allan Liner Buenos Ayrean , and eleven of her crew of twelve drowned, including the captain. 21. — The new Parliamentary Oaths Act Amendment Bill issued to-day is found to be endorsed by the Attorney- General, Lord Hart- ington, Sir William Harcourt, and the Solici- tor-General. It provided that every member of either House may, if he thinks fit, instead of making and subscribing to the oath of allegi- ance, make and subscribe a solemn affirmation in the form of the oath, substituting the words “solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and affirm” for the word “swear,” and omitting the words “so help me God.” — Died, aged 76, William Tatton Egerton, first Lord Egerton of Tatton, a member for Lymington in pre-Reform days, and later (as a Conservative) for North Cheshire, 1832-58, when he was raised to the peerage during Earl Derby’s second Ministry. 22 . — In the course of an adjourned debate on the Address, Mr. James Lowther criticised and condemned the policy of the Government with regard to Ireland, and hoped the Ministry would give some assurance that their more recent policy of vigorously vindicating the law would be persevered in. Mr. Forster followed with an eloquent speech of two hours’ duration, in the course of which he defended his own administration of the affairs of Ireland, ex- plained the divergence of view between him- self and colleagues in the Cabinet — which arose to a large extent upon the question of the time when fresh powers should be asked for — warmly eulogised the administration of Lord Spencer and Mr. Trevelyan, and called upon Mr. Parnell to justify his position as head of the Land League in the light of recent revela- tions. While the right hon. gentleman was speaking he was frequently interrupted by Mr. O’ Kelly, who was ultimately named by the Speaker, and (under the new rules) suspended for a week. The debate was carried on by a large number of hon. members, and at a late hour Mr. T. P. O’Connor delivered a fiery denunciation of the administration of Ireland by both political parties, and accused the British people of a blood frenzy towards his fellow-countrymen. A pause then occurred in the discussion, and the Speaker had commenced to put the question when Lord Hartington rose. He explained that he had waited ex- pecting the hon. member for Cork either to address the House in vindication of his position, or to move the adjournment of the debate. At the close of the speech of the noble Lord, the debate was adjourned on the motion of Mr. Parnell. — In Paris M. Jules P'erry announces be- fore the Chamber of Deputies the formation of a new Ministry under his Premiership, and FEBRUARY I 83 3 FEBRUARY gave an outline of its political programme. The law of 1834 was to be applied, which would have the effect of depriving Princes serving in the army of their commissions. A number of bills on domestic 'questions were specified as shortly to be taken in hand, and as regards foreign policy, peace, so far as was consistent with the maintenance of France in the rank among the Powers to which she is entitled, was to be the chief aim of the Cabinet. 22. — The heart of Pius IX. solemnly de- posited in the vaults below St. Peter’s, and per- manently placed in a marble urn close to the tomb of the Stuarts. 23 . — Died, aged 93, Baron Jules Cloquet, French anatomist and surgeon. — In the House of Commons Sir Stafford Northcote gives notice of his intention to move that a Committee be appointed by the Com- mittee of Selection to inquire into the circum- stances connected with the liberation from Kilmainham Prison in the spring of 1882 of Messrs. Parnell, Dillon, and O’Kelly, with power to examine witnesses on oath. The debate on Mr. Gorst’s amendment to the Address was resumed by Mr. Parnell, who said the utmost he desired to do was to make his position clear to the Irish people at home and abroad from the unjust aspersions cast upon it by a man who ought to have been ashamed to devote his ability to such work. The hon. member did not attempt any defence or justification of his position in the light of recent events, but devoted himself to one long, vehement, and bitter denunciation of Mr. Forster. Mr. Trevelyan followed with an exhaustive defence of his administration of Irish affairs. Among subsequent speakers were Mr. Justin M‘Carthy, Sir Stafford North- cote, and Mr. Chamberlain. On a division Mr. Gorst’s amendment was rejected by 259 to 176. — Mutiny at the Missouri Convict Peni- tentiary, Jefferson City, the ringleaders setting fire to the building, and cutting the water-hose preparatory to making an ineffectual attempt to escape through a cordon of citizens hastily drawn round the burning prison. 24 . — John Morley, journalist, elected M.P. for Newcastle in the Radical interest, by 9,443 votes against 7,187 given to his Conservative opponent, Gainsford Bruce, Q.C. The vacancy arose through the retirement of the junior member, Mr. Ashton Dilke. — T. Harrington, while undergoing a sentence of imprisonment for an inflammatory speech, elected without opposition for West- meath county. — Died at Cannes, aged 64, W. S. Stir- ling-Crawfurd, a prominent supporter of the turf and owner of the largest racing stud in EE 2 the world. He belonged to the family of Stirling-Maxwell, and married the widow of the fourth Duke of Montrose. 25 . — The Duchess of Albany delivered of a daughter (Alice Mary) at Windsor Castle. — A decree published, signed by the French President, and countersigned by the Minister of War, placing on the retired list those Princes of former reigning families who are now serving in the army. 26 . — Lord Hartington declines to give any facilities for the consideration of Sir S. North- cote’s motion for a Committee on the Kil- mainham transaction. The debate on the Ad- dress was again resumed by Mr. Parnell, who moved his amendment condemning as tyran- nical and unjust the working of the Crimes Act by the Crown authorities in Ireland. The hon. member contended that the Government, after the Phoenix Park assassination, had thrown away the best opportunity that had ever occurred of enlisting the sympathies of the people of Ireland in the cause of peace and order. He denounced the whole opera- tic n of the Crimes Act, asserting that innocent men were being sent to the gallows by packed juries and corrupt Judges, and that Lord Spencer with his present powers was as much an autocrat and irresponsible Governor in Ire- land as the Czar was over Russia, with this difference, that the Czar had a large propor- tion of the people with him, while the present administration in Ireland was detested by everybody. He concluded by calling on the Government and the House to devote their energies to giving justice to Ireland, and instanced the Land Act as one measure demanding immediate amendment. The Attorney-General replied, and the debate was carried on by many hon. gentlemen on both sides. On a division, the amendment was re- jected by 133 to 15. The debate on the Address was-again adjourned. — Mr. Gladstone leaves Cannes for London, halting at Paris on his homeward journey to visit President Grevy, and M. Challemel Lacour, Foreign Minister. The Prime Minister returned to his Parliamentary duties with health greatly improved. — A determined attempt made to murder another of Lord Ardilaun’s bailiffs, not far from the spot where the Huddys were butchered. The man, who was left for dead on the road, did not know his assailants. 28 . — The deferred celebration of the silver wedding of the Crown Prince and Princess of Germany celebrated in Berlin with much pomp and enthusiasm. — Two Irish elections result in the return of Conservatives. In the County Dublin con- test Colonel King- Harman had the large majority of 1,086 over the Parnellite, while at 1405 FEBRUARY 883 MARCH Portarlington, where there are only 138 voters on the register, the Nationalist candidate was defeated by 13 votes. 28 . — Further Parliamentary papers issued regarding the cost of the Egyptian expedition. From these it appeared that the charge for army services to the Imperial Exchequer is about ,£1,640,000, of which £900,000 has been voted already, and that in like manner the charge for navy services is about £1*776,000. of which £1,400,000 has been already voted. Thus the total charge for the Imperial forces is about £3,416,000, of which £2,300,000 has been voted already, leaving about £1,116,000 to be provided, of which £1,078,000 will come into course of payment before the dose of the current financial year. The charge to the Indian Exchequer is estimated by the Govern- ment of India at £1, 142,000. The Govern- ment proposes to ask Parliament to grant £500,000 during the current financial year as a contribution towards the charge incurred by the Government of India in conducting its share of the expedition. — Captain Warren’s investigations result in bringing to justice the murderers of Professor Palmer, Captain Gill, and Lieutenant Char- rington. It was found that none of the money carried by the expedition had ever reached the rebels, the Sheik in charge of Professor Pal- mer’s party having secreted it while the pro- posal of killing the prisoners was being discussed among the Arabs. This fact seemed to have aggravated the fanatical hatred of the Arabs, who condemned their prisoners to leap over the brink of a high precipice, the ruffians shooting them as they fell. Thirteen of those concerned were caught and tried, and five of the actual perpetrators of the crime were hanged at Zagazig to-day. March 1 . — -In the Court of Queen’s Bench counsel are heard against the rule for a criminal information against Mr. Edmund Yates, the proprietor of the World , charged with libelling Lord Lonsdale and a lady of high rank. The Court, in delivering judgment making the rule absolute, remarked on the discreditable cir- cumstance that persons of high rank contributed scandal to newspapers for money. — G. W. Foote, J. Ramsey, and A. H. Kemp, editor, printer, and publisher of the Freethinker , charged at the Central Criminal Court with having published blasphemous and impious libels in the Christmas number for 1882. The jury were unable to agree, and Mr. Justice North intimated that he would try the case again on the 5th. At the same Court, Henry Cattell, a newsvendor, was found guilty of selling the Freethinker , but strongly recommended to mercy. Sentence deferred. 2. — Sergeant Goold, of the Scots Greys, shot dead by accident at Ballincollig Barracks, County Cork. He and two others were en- 1406 gaged on special patrol duty on the lawn in front of officers’ quarters, certain suspicious cir- cumstances having recently occurred. The n'ght was very dark, and Goold ran against Lieut. Torrens, the orderly officer, who was going round inspecting the guards. The lieutenant thought he had been attacked, and lifting his hand, in which he held a pistol, to defend himself, the pistol suddenly went off, and the bullet entered Goold’s breast, killing him almost instantly. The coroner’s jury, which sat on Saturday, gave a verdict of accidental death, entirely exonerating Lieut. Torrens. 3 . — The ceremony of confirming the election of Dr. Benson as Archbishop of Canterbury takes place at Bow Church, Cheapside, in the presence of the Archbishop of York, the Bishops of London, Durham, Lichfield, Rochester, and Exeter, and a crowded con- gregation. The enthronization took place at Canterbury on the 29th, in presence of a distinguished company who crowded the Cathedral. 5 . — Destructive fire in Trinidad, five stores being consumed, and damage caused to the estimated amount of £40,000. — Iu the House of Lords, some discussion took place on the second reading of the Braith- waite and Buttermere Railway Bill, Lord Mount-Temple, who moved its rejection, con- tending that the proposed line would destroy some of the most charming scenery of the Lake District. Bill read a second time. — At a meeting of Dublin Corporation a letter was read from the Town Clerk drawing the attention of the Council to the fact that James Carey, the representative of Trinity Ward, had confessed his guilt in several grave felonies, and asking advice as to whether he should proceed to take steps to remove his name from the roll. On the motion of Mr. Webb, a Land League member, it was agreed that, as James Carey had acknowledged on oath his complicity in a conspiracy to murder, he was not a proper person to hold the office of councillor, and that he be removed from office. — Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Fawcett appear in the Commons for the first time this session. 6. — Wrotham Park, Herts, the seat of Earl Strafford, totally destroyed by fire at an early hour in the morning, A valuable collection of paintings and family plate, together with a quantity of furniture, was saved. The house was built by Admiral Byng, in 1754, from designs by Ware. — Serious fire in Dundee, two- large ware- houses in connection with the Clepington Spinning Company being burned down, and some 12,000 bales of jute destroyed. Damage estimated at £30,000. MARCH 1883 MARCH 7 . — Died at Mentone, after a lingering ill- ness, aged only 46, John Richard Green, the ac- complished author first of a “Short” and then of a more extended History of the English People. Mr. Green was born in Oxford, and educated partly at Magdalen College School. Suffering frequently from poor health, he was compelled to retire from clerical duty in St. Philip’s, Stepney, and through the kindness of Arch- bishop Tait, aided by Dean Stanley, was in- duced to accept the librarianship at Lambeth, in succession to Professor Stubbs. Mr. Green also edited the series of History and Literature Primers , published by Messrs. Macmillan and Co., and wrote, mostly at Mentone when in search of health, The Making of England and The Conquest of England. 8. — Replying to Sir Stafford Northcote in the Commons on the subject of the Kilmainham negotiations, Mr. Gladstone said the Govern- ment adhered to the announcement made by Lord Hartington. They considered the inquiry whether censure was due to the Government in respect of this transaction had already been debated, and that a revival and continuance of such debates could not be favourable to the impartial administration of justice under very trying circumstances in Ireland. Sir Stafford Northcote remarked that he would not now persevere with his motion. — Damage, estimated at between 15,000 and ^20,000, caused by a fire which destroyed a great part of the cotton mill of Messrs. Windsor, Oldham Road, Manchester. — An action for breach of promise of mar- riage brought by Miss Fanny Hyland' against Mr. Biggar, M.P., heard in London before the Lord Chief Justice and a special jury. The evidence ran to a considerable length, but after half-an-hour’s deliberation the jury found there had been a conditional promise given by the defendant, but that there was no evidence to show whether the condition would ever be performed. They accordingly returned a verdict for the plaintiff, with £400 damages. — Publicity given to a rumour, stated to emanate from the Dublin Criminal Investigation Department, that Patrick Egan surreptitiously left Dublin for France a week ago through fear of the information that might be given by Sheridan, whose extradition would probably be granted by the United States Government. * ‘ Mysterious letters, dated at the time of the organisation of the Invincibles, were sent by Egan to Carey, and have been found in the house of the latter.” — At a special meeting of delegates of the Metropolitan branches of the Irish National League it was resolved to pay the election- ex- penses of Frank Byrne for whatever con- stituency he might be selected by the Irish party. 11 . — The Tobago Street stables of the Glas- gow Tramway Company demolished by fire, a number of horses and cars, a great bulk of hay and fodder, and a quantity of harness and stable implements being destroyed ; the whole loss estimated at nearly ^10,000. About the same time a still more disastrous fire occurred at Greenock, the chemical works of Messrs. John Poynter and Sons being in great part destroyed, and damage done to the extent of from ^20,000 to ^25,000. 12 . — Mr. Childers states in the Commons, in reply to a question, that the proposal to purchase the Ashburnham manuscripts for ^160,000 was still under considei'ation of the Trustees of the British Museum. Parliament would have full control in the matter, as in the event of the purchase being resolved upon a vote in the House would be required. — Died at Algiers, aged only 33, Ashton Wentworth Dilke, brother of Sir Charles, and recently M.P. for Newcastle-on-Tyne. 13 . — Egyptian War medals presented at Devonport to the officers and men of the navy engaged in the campaign. 14 . — The final stage of the City of Glasgow Bank Liquidation was reached to-day, when the Court of Session pronounced an order formally dissolving the bank. — Sir Robert Phillimore, after sixteen years’ service as Judge of the Admiralty Court and Dean of the Arches, takes his leave of the bar. — Died in London, aged 65, Dr. Karl Marx, Socialist leader and revolutionary writer. 15 . — Great excitement caused in the west end of London by a terrific explosion which occurred at the Local Government Board Offices in Whitehall. So violent was the re- port that it was heard over an area of some three miles distant. In the House of Commons, where the sound of the explosion was of a most alarming nature, the report was accompanied by a shaking of the whole building, and caused the most lively anxiety amongst members. The first impression seemed to be that the ex- plosion was caused by gas, but an examination of the serious damage suffered by the Local Government Board Offices, as well as by many adjoining buildings, soon satisfied the authori- ties that it must have been caused by dynamite or other explosive of a similar nature. Vast crowds were soon attracted to the scene of the explosion, but were kept back by large forces of police. No one was injured, although several narrow escapes were made. The police told off for duty at the Houses of Parliament and the Government Offices were at once doubled, and other precautions adopted. Soon after the occurrence at Westminster it was discovered that a canister containing gun- I powder had been exploded at the Times Office 1407 MARCH 1883 MARCH in Printing House Square, but without any serious result. 15 . — The three Skye crofters, Macpherson, Morrison, and Macleod, sentenced by Fir t Division of the Court of Session to imprison- ment for two months for having, in breach of an interdict granted by the Lord Ordinary, * trespassed upon the lands of Waterstein, and allowed their flocks to pasture on the inter- dicted grounds. 16 . — ’Manchester Ship Canal Bill read a second time in the Commons. Report on Sup- ply agreed to. Transvaal affairs discussed and debate adjourned. — Forest City, California, totally destroyed by fire. Seventy-six buildings of importance were burnt, hundreds of people rendered homeless, and property to a large amount c msumed. 17 . — At Windsor Castle, the Queenslipped upon a staircase, and falling, sprained her knee. Although at first regarded as of but slight importance, the accident was the source of much pain and inconvenience to Her Majesty for many weeks. — An extraordinary occurrence, the subject of much absurd exaggeration, was reported as having taken place near Windsor this after- noon. As Lady Florence Dixie, so the story went, was walking in the neighbourhood of her residence, situated on the bank of the Thames, she was accosted by two mysterious individuals in women’s garb, but believed to be men. These persons, after asking Lady Dixie the time, followed her into the shrubbery, where one of them pulled her to the ground, while the other stabbed her several times with a knife or dagger. Such was the narrative ; but fortunately the attack so fiercely made proved abortive. Lady Dixie’s stays were credited with having warded off the blow of the assassin, and when she reached her abode it was found that, although her hair was disordered and her face covered with mud, she had received no wound except a slight cut on the hand. Several persons were said to have seen the mysterious strangers in Windsor and the neighbourhood, but no arrests were made. 19 . — At a meeting of the Privy Council, Lord Carlingford took his place as Lord President, in succession to Earl Spencer. — Railway collision at Egl inton Street Station, Glasgow, resulting in the death of four persons, arid serious injuries to twelve others, the Caledonian express from Edinburgh run- ning into the East Kilbride train at the junc- tion where the East Kilbride train leaves the main line. 20. — The eruption of Mount Etna assumes serious proportions. An earthquake at Catania was followed by fresh shocks and the opening of eleven fresh fissures in the side of the moun- 1408 tain at a height of about 3,500 feet, and lava issued but soon ceased to flow. The inhabi- tants of the surrounding villages however passed the night in the fields. The trees in the threatened districts were hung with offer- ings and candles devoted to patron saints. There had been no eruption on the southern flank of the mountain, until the present one, since 1792. 20. — Both Houses of Parliament adjourn for the Easter recess, the Lords till 3rd April, the Commons till 29th inst. 21 . — The Highland Crofters of the Dun ve- gan district yesterday assembled and drove the proprietor’s stock off the disputed grazings of Waterstein, while the whole island of Skye was reported to be in an excited state. A large meeting of Lewis crofters was also held at Stornoway, and a petition drawn up for the purpose of being forwarded to the Prime Minister, detailing their grievances and praying for their removal. — Died suddenly at his London residence, aged 59, Sir George Jessel, Master of the Rolls (the first Jew made Judge in England), and Solicitor-General in Mr. Gladstone’s first administration. 22. — The Right Hon. John Bright formally installed as Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow, and thereafter delivers his rectorial address to the students. St. Andrew’s Hall, where the ceremony took place, was filled to overflowing, it being computed that about six thousand persons were present. Mr. Bright began by expressing the feelings of more than common difficulty under which he spoke, these arising partly because of the illustrious men — such as Burke and Adam Smith — who had preceded him in that chair, and partly because of the fact that he was an entire stranger to University life, having indeed, he might say, never had the advantages of education. He supposed that it was because the students sympathised with his labours as a political teacher that he had been brought within the range of their sympathies. He advised them, besides pursuing other paths of learning, to keep their eye fixed on the great questions in the political field. Mr. Bright delivered a brief political address in the evening within the residence of his host, Mr. Charles Ten- nant. Next day the freedom of the City was presented to the distinguished visitor. In replying for the honour conferred, Mr. Bright sought to show in effect that the questions of the repeal of the Corn Laws, the extension of the franchise, and the amendment of our laws with regard to land, were very simple questions if dealt with away from party considerations. The lesson to be drawn was that we must con- tinue to labour for those things which we believe to be just. Looking back we saw the vanishing darkness, looking forward we saw advancing light. During the last forty or fifty MARCH 1883 MARCH years our legislation had immensely improved, and the sympathy between governors and governed was becoming stronger. Mr. Bright, Lord Rosebery, and a large party of gentlemen were afterwards entertained to luncheon by the Corporation, and in the evening they were the guests of Lord Provost Ure at Helensburgh. The new Lord Rector left Glasgow on the 24th, proceeding first to Coatbridge, where he visited the monument erected to the memory of Janet Hamilton, and then to Edinburgh, where he became the guest of his brother-in-law, Mr. Duncan M‘Laren. 22. — Conclusion of sale of the Sunderland Library, which realised ,£56,581. — Died, aged 7 6, Alfred Clint, late President of the Society of British Artists. 23 . — Died, aged 78, Jane Elizabeth, Dow- ager Vicountess Barrington, daughter of Thomas Henry Liddell, first Lord Ravens- worth. 24 . — At St. Paul’s Cathedral, during the afternoon service, George Campion, a “maker of agricultural implements,” after the singing of the anthem, rushed up the choir, leapt upon the Communion Table, and flung down the cross and candlesticks. He was brought up before the City Justices and sentenced to a fine of£5> which was paid for him by a sympathetic friend. 26 . — John Clapperton, ship and insurance broker, Greenock, one of the sufferers in the accident at Pennilee, awarded ^8,250 com- pensation, with expenses. The case was settled by arbitration. — Canon Wilkinson appointed to the Bishopric of Truro. 27 . — Died at Windsor Castle, from erysipe- las, aged 57, John Brown, originally one of the Balmoral gillies of the Prince Consort, but eventually the personal servant of Her Majesty, who described him as “an honest, faithful, and devoted follower, a trustworthy, discreet, and straightforward man. ” Possessed of strong sense, he filled a position of great and anxious responsibility, the duties of which he performed with such constant and unceasing care as to secure for himself the real friendship of the Queen. 28 . — Appointment of Mr. Butt, Q.C., M.P.,to the Judgeship in the Admiralty Court. — At Belfast Assizes, twelve members of the Patriotic Brotherhood convicted of con- spiracy to murder certain landlords, are finally brought before Mr. Justice Lawson to receive sentence. Ten were condemned to ten years’ penal servitude, and of the remaining two, one was sentenced to seven and the other to five years’. In the course of his remarks, Mr. Justice Lawson ridiculed the notion of men in the position of the convicts attempting to over- throw British rule in Ireland. 28 . — The Liverpool detectives, who for some time past had been carefully watching all the in- coming boats, had their attention drawn to-night to a passenger who had arrived by a steamer from Cork, and was carrying a box of appar- ently unusual heaviness. He was followed and interrogated, but the answers being considered unsatisfactory lie was taken into custody. The box was then examined, and was found to contain two infernal machines packed in a most skilful manner. Their contents were subjected to analysis, and proved to be a com- pound of sawdust saturated with nitro-gly- cerine and some chemicals, the whole forming an explosive of the most dangerous nature. A card bearing an address at St. Helens was found in one of the prisoner’s pockets, and, following up this clue, the police proceeded there and arrested a railway porter named Flanagan. On his house being searched a box was found containing a revolver, a quantity of ammunition, and a false beard. — Speaking at the fortnightly meeting of the Irish National League, Mr. T. D. Sullivan warned the Government that if open political action were prohibited the result would be that the people of Ireland would have recourse to secret organisation. If the fair claims of the people had been attended to nothing would have been heard of a dynamite policy, but now O’Donovan Rossa and the Home Secre- tary must fight the matter out between them- selves. — The fourth centenary of Raphael’s birth celebrated at Rome. In the morning there was a procession from the Capitol to the Pantheon, where a bronze bust of the painter was unveiled. In the afternoon there was a further commemoration in the hall of the Horatii and Curiatii on the Capitol, at which the King and Queen were present. The Duke of Ripaldi re-opened the Farnesina Palace, which had been closed for many years, and thousands streamed in to look at Raphael’s frescoes. In the evening there were illuminations. Similar festivities took place at Urbino, Raphael’s birthplace. — Died at Torquay, aged 83, the Rev. Derwent Coleridge, youngest son of the Poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Derwent was born at Keswick, and educated with his brother Hartley, whose works he edited, at a small school near Ambleside, passing therefrom to St. John’s College, Cambridge, where intimate and enduring friendships were formed with Praed, Macaulay, Charles Austin, and others. In 1841 Derwent Coleridge was appointed Principal of St. Mark’s Training College for Teachers, Chelsea, and from 1846 held a Prebendal stall in St. Paul’s Cathedral. — Died, aged 75, James Manby Gully, M.D. , author of various works on Hydropathic treatment. 1409 MARCH 1883 APRIL 29 . — The House of Commons reassembled after the Easter recess. In reply to Mr. O’Shea, Sir W. Harcourt stated that the investigations of the police into the assault on Lady Florence Dixie had not resulted in the discovery of any circumstances confirming her Ladyship’s statement. — On the motion for going into Committee of Supply, Dr. Cameron moved that the time had arrived when the minimum charge for inland postal telegrams should be reduced to 6d. Mr. Puleston seconded the motion, which, after considerable discussion, was carried by 68 against 50 votes. — At Liverpool, two men named Deasy and Flanagan arrested and charged with hav- ing in their possession explosive compounds, with the intent to commit a felony. Deasy had arrived by the steamer from Cork, bringing as his luggage a package containing a large quantity of liquid dynamite. 30 . — The Warsaw Forest Academy closed, and 109 students expelled for insubordination. 31 . — Sentries posted at the New Law Courts, Somerset House, and many other public buildings, hitherto unguarded by soldiers. — The remains of Professor Palmer, Cap- tain Gill, R. N., and Lieutenant Charrington, R.N., who were murdered by Arabs during the Egyptian Campaign, landed at Portsmouth. The remains, which were discovered in the desert of Zih by Captain Warren, R.E., were carefully collected, brought to this country, and subsequently interred in St. Paul’s Cathedral. — Tho men arrested at Liverpool in con- nection with the dynamite conspiracy, were brought up to-day for examination before the stipendiary. Evidence was given as to the apprehension of the prisoner Deasy, on whose person were found two papers, one commend- ing him to the notice of Flanagan, mentioned above, as a man to be safely trusted in any post, and the other directing him to go to Sutton, where Flanagan resided. Evidence was also given of the search at the house of Flanagan, the other prisoner, where a tin box containing chemicals, firearms, and a false beard was discovered. The prisoners were remanded for seven days. The attention of the police it was reported had been drawn to the unprotected state of the river terrace of the House of Commons, “and a police boat has been ordered to cruise there day and night. A night guard has been appointed to protect Durham Cathedral.” A New York telegram of yesterday’s date states that O’Don- ovan Rossa has predicted that the dynamite policy will soon produce greater results than the recent explosions. April 1 . — Died, aged 50, William Charles Yelverton, Viscount Avonmore, who served with distinction in the New Zealand and Crimean Campaigns. 1410 2 . — Answering The O’Donoghue in the Commons, Mr. Gladstone denied that, so far as the Government were concerned, there was any foundation for the statement reported in the Standard to have been made by Mr. Par- nell to the editor of the Clarion regarding the Kilmainham negotiations. At a later period Mr. Parnell declared the report of the conver- sation to have been substantially accurate, and denied that he had taken the initiative in com- municating with the Government. 4 . — The Pier promenade, at Nice, on the eve of its completion, totally destroyed by fire. — Died, aged 59, Lieutenant-General George Dean Pitt, C.B., keeper of the Crown jewels. — Died, aged 92, Peter Cooper, founder of the widely-known Cooper Institute, New York, for the advancement of science and art. 5 . — The annual Budget introduced by Mr. Childers as Chancellor of the Exchequer. The estimated expenditure for 1883-4 was ^85,789,000, or over three millions less than the sum spent last year. The estimated revenue was ^88,480,000, showing a surplus of ^2,691,000 over the estimated expenditure. The right hon. gentleman said he proposed to make certain modifications in the duties on silver plate, with the ultimate object of repeal- ing the silver tax altogether ; to set aside ^170,000 to give effect to the resolution of the House as to cheap telegrams ; to make a further reduction of the railway passenger duty, entailing a loss of ^400,000 a year ; and to take off the 1 \d. of income-tax imposed last year, reducing the tax to 5 d. in the £\, at a loss of ^2, 135,000. After making these changes a small surplus of ^240,000 would remain in hand. Mr. Childers also described a scheme for the extinction of debt, which he expected would in twenty years, if no unfore- seen event occurred, result in the wiping off of about ;£i 72,000,000. Considerable discussion followed, but ultimately the Budget resolu- tions were agreed to. — More important arrests were made to-day in connection with the dynamite conspiracy. The Birmingham authorities had, it would appear, been aware for some time of the existence of a secret factory for the manu- facture of explosives, but it was deemed prudent to watch the development of events rather than risk a comparative failure by any premature arrests. The suspected premises were watched by detectives night and day, and were even entered by them during the night-time by means of skeleton keys, when samples of the explosives in process of manufacture were carried away and subjected to analysis. A man was seen leaving the factory on Wednes- day night (4th), carrying a box, evidently of great weight. He took train for London, followed, or rather accompanied, by a detec- APRIL 1883 APRIL tive. He was tracked to a private hotel in the Strand, and there arrested at an early hour this morning. The box was examined, and was found to contain some india-rubber bags filled with a large quantity of nitro-glycerine, sufficient, according to one account, to destroy any town in the kingdom. Later in the day three other men were arrested by the Metro- politan police, two of them at a house in Nelson Square, Southwark, and the other in a reading-room in the Strand. Meanwhile the Birmingham authorities had also been taking action. The premises where the manufacture of explosives was being carried on were yester- day morning searched, and the man in charge, who gave the name of Whitehead, was taken into custody. There were found a vat con- taining six or eight gallons of nitro-glycerine, fourteen large carboys of sulphuric and nitric acids and a number of tins containing glycerine. In the course of the day Whitehead was brought before the Magistrate and remanded for a week. The discovery caused great excite- ment in Birmingham, and all public buildings were guarded by the police. — Died at Florence, aged 85, Evan Baillie, of Dochfour, one of the largest proprietors in the North of Scotland. ©. — The House of Lords accepted the Government proposal to refer the scheme of a Channel Tunnel to a committee of both Houses. 7 . — The report of Alex. Campbell and W. A. Peterkin, general superintendents of poor, who have visited the distressed districts in the Highlands and Islands, issued by the Board of Supervision. These gentlemen agree in stating that the distress is very great, indeed more severe in some places than it has been since 1846. Seed is urgently needed in all the districts, much of what had been set aside having been used for food, while what remains is in many cases of little or no use for planting. — Another dynamite prisoner named Bernard Gallagher was remanded at Glasgow for a week on a charge of being concerned in the destruc- tion of the gasometer at Tradeston. Consider- able excitement again prevailed in Birmingham in connection with the efforts made to get rid of the nitro-glycerine found on the premises occupied by Whitehead at Ladywood. In this case the police authorities had the assist- ance of a specialist (J. McCredie) from Nobel’s Explosives works at Ardeer, and under his guidance the dangerous task was brought to a successful termination. — Died, aged 70, Louis Veullot, a well- known French Ultramontane writer. 8- — Died, aged 57, Lieutenant-General Charles Hood, who served from May, 1855, till the following January in the Crimea, taking an active part in the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He commanded the ladder party of the Buffs in the assault of the Redan, and he marched his regiment, with colours flying, into the Karabelnaia, these being the only English colours that entered Sebastopol. 8. — Died at Basle, aged 87, Peter Merian, for more than half a century Professor of Mineralogy and Geology in the University of Basle, and a member of the Great Council of the Canton. 9 . — An uneasy feeling pervading society at present that the Explosive Act of 1875 was powerless to stop the illicit manufacture of nitro-glycerine, the Home Secretary (Sir W. Harcourt), with the concurrence of the Oppo- sition, introduced a new and more stringent Bill to-night, which was carried through the House in all its stages in about an hour and a half. The danger, the Home Secretary said, which Parliament had now to face from the enemies of society — the pirates of the human race, as he described them — was known to everybody, and he could assure the House that it was grave and imminent. The first line of defence was the police, to whose splen- did services he took the opportunity of paying a tribute of confidence and admiration, and the second was the penalties of the law. The danger was great, and must be dealt with at once and by the strong hand, and he therefore proposed to ask the House to proceed with all the stages of the Bill at once, unless it should appear that some grave question had been raised which required further consideration. Sir R. Cross expressed the willingness of his friends to join with the Government in passing the Bill without delay. Leave was then given to bring in the Bill, and, after it had been read a first time, Sir William Harcourt moved that it be read a second time, which was agreed to, amid general cheering. The House then went into Committee, and the clauses were agreed to without any question, except Clause 4 (the possession of explosives with unlawful intent), to which Mr. Stansfeld and Mr. Hopwood took some objection. Finally, the Bill was read a third time and sent up to the Lords. — Mr. Clarke’s action to recover ,£500 penalty from Mr. Bradlaugh, M.P., for voting without having taken the prescribed oath, dismissed with costs by the House of Lords. — The system of Grand Committees which was sanctioned by the House of Commons in the latter part of last session, was set in opera- tion when the Standing Committee on Trade, Shipping, and Manufactures assembled in Committee Room No. 10, to consider the pro- visions of the Bankruptcy Bill introduced by the Government. Mr. Goschen, the Chair- man, made a brief statement as to the method of conducting business, and said it w r as pro- posed that the Committee should sit on Mon- day and Friday, and that the Committee on Law and Courts of Justice should sit on Tues- 1411 APRIL 883 APRIL day and Thursday. After a brief conversation the Committee proceeded to discuss the clauses of the Bankruptcy Bill. 10. — Royal Assent given to the New Ex- plosive Bill, consisting of nine Clauses. Clause 1 is made up of the short title of the measure. Clause 2 provides that any person causing an explosion likely to endanger life or property shall be liable to penal servitude for life. Clause 3 provides penal servitude for twenty years for attempting to cause explosion or for making or keeping explosives with in- tent to endanger life or property. In Clause 4 fourteen years’ penal servitude is allotted for making or possessing explosives under sus- picious circumstances. Under Clause 5 all accessories in either of these categories will be treated as principals, and under Clause 6 the Attorney-General can order an inquiry in suspicious circumstances, and can cause the ap- prehension of absconding witnesses. Clause 7 provides that under this Act no manufacture of explosives can be undertaken except by leave of any general clause. Clause 8 provides for the search for and seizure of explosive sub- stances, and Clause 9 contains the various definitions required under the Act, and direc- tions as to its application in Scotland and Ireland. — Tercentenary of Hugo Grotius, the illustrious Dutch jurist, celebrated at Delft. 11 . — Lord Alcester (Admiral Seymour) presented with the freedom of the City of London and a sword of honour, Lord Wolse- ley, who had previously received similar hon- ours, being presented with an address of congratulation in a gold casket. — Came on in the Dublin Commission Court, before Mr. Justice O’Brien, the trial of “joe ” Brady, the first called in connection with the Phoenix Park assassinations. The evidence of guilt having been already detailed (see Jan. 20th, Feb. 8th- 1 7th, &c), it may be neces- sary here only to mention that between this date and the 17th May a conviction on the capital charge was obtained against Brady, Curley, Fagan, and Kelly, the latter, after the jury had twice disagreed. They were each sentenced to death. Caffrey and Delaney pleaded guilty, and were also sentenced to death. Caffrey was executed along with the other four next month (see May 14th) but Delaney’s sentence was commuted to penal servitude for life. Fitzharris, the cabman, and Mullett were also sentenced to penal servitude for life. The Commission, it may be men- tioned, sat for twenty-eight days, and passed judgment on sixteen of the twenty-four “ Invin- cibles ” apprehended in January and February last. Five turned informers, one died in prison, one was released on condition that he left the country, and one (Doyle) could not be ar- raigned at the time on account of illness. 1412 12 —Replying to Mr. McLaren, Sir Wil- liam Harcourt said there was no truth in the statement that a political section had been added to the Criminal Investigation Depart- ment. A certain number of intelligent officers had been set apart to track and arrest persons engaged in a conspiracy to murder, to burn, and destroy. There could, in his opinion, be no more dangerous or mischievous fallacy than to describe such a conspiracy as a political offence. — Fund opened at the Mansion House in aid of the widows and orphans of the fishermen drowned on the east coast of England during the recent gales. His Lordship stated that 382 men and boys lost their lives, and in con- sequence there were 146 widows, about 400 orphans, and many aged parents and other dependent relatives to be provided for. 13 . — In both Houses of Parliament Royal messages are read recommending that pensions of ,£2,000 a year as an acknowledgment of ser- vices in Egypt be granted to Lord Wolseley and Lord Alcester, and the first of their male heirs. The vote was agreed to on the 16th, but afterwards departed from by payment of a lump sum, ^30,000 to the former, and ^25,000 to the latter. — Died at Cannes, Arch-Duchess Marie Antoinette, daughter of Ferdinand IV. of Tus- cany, author of various poetical works, pub- lished under her own name. 14 . — Died at his seat, Swallowfield Park, near Reading, aged 57, Sir Charles Russell, a recipient of the Victoria Cross for bravery before Sebastopol when serving with the Grenadier Guards, and M.P. for Westminster 1874-82. — Mr. C. Bradlaugh, M.P., who had been prosecuted at the instance of Sir Henry Tyler, for complicity in the publication of The Free- thinker, acquitted of all share in the transac- tion ; Lord Chief Justice Coleridge, in his charge to the jury, laying down his interpreta- tion of the laws against blasphemy. — Died, aged 82, Lord Talbot de Mala- hide ; Fellow of many learned and antiquarian societies. — Died, aged 75, Dr. William Farr, late of the Statistical Department, Registrar-Gen- eral’s Office. 15 . — Died, aged 60, Frederick Francis II., Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ; distin- guished himself during the Franco- Prussian War. 16 . — Serious fire, involving the destruction of the premises of Messrs. Kegan Paul, Trench, & Co., Paternoster Square. The fire was sup- posed to have originated at an old hostelry in Newgate Street, The Cat and Salutation tavern, from which it extended on all sides, APRIL 1883 APRIL destroying property estimated at ^150,000, whilst some of the losses of the publishers were wholly irreparable, and could not be estimated in money value. 16 . — Died, aged 92, Colonel Joseph Sim- mons, C.B. ; served in the Peninsula, taking part in the Battle of Vitoria. — Died, aged 62, Very Rev. James Robert Sweeney, Titular Abbot of St. Albans, and Provincial of the English Benedictines. — Reported annexation of New Guinea by the Queensland Government, who had despatched a police magistrate to the Island, pending an approval by the Imperial Govern- ment, which was afterwards refused. 17 . — In the House of Commons Mr. Parnell puts several questions with the view of eliciting whether prison officials have been allowed to hear conversations between Joe Brady and his legal representatives, or were being allowed to hear what passed between the men in custody in London and their solicitors, but Sir William Harcourt contented himself with the statement that if he should find the prison rules are in- consistent with the public safety he would ask power to act as the circumstances of the case might require. — Died, aged 68, Sir Philip Rose, founder of Hospital for Consumption at Brompton. — Died at Nice, aged 83, Charles II., Duke of Parma. 13 . — Circular issued from the Home Office 10 the police and local authorities throughout the kingdom directing their attention to the importance of exercising special and vigilant observation, with a view to preventing the acquisition by persons for unlawful objects not only of explosives adapted for such purposes, but of the materials with which, if possessed of a little technical knowledge, they would be able to manufacture explosives. Appended to the circular is a memorandum, drawn up by Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Explosives, which enumerates the more important of the materials which are capable of being more or less readily applied to the production of explosives. — Died at Shanes Castle, Antrim, aged 69, Rev. W. O’Neill, first Baron and repre- sentative of a family previously ennobled, who owned extensive estates in Ulster. 19 . — The ceremony of unveiling the statue of the late Lord Beaconsfield, erected in West- minster Palace Yard, performed by Sir Stafford Northcote, who was accompanied by a large number of the Liberal and Conservative mem- bers of both Houses of Parliament. The statue is the work ofi'Raggi. — Came on at Bow Street the examina- tion of Dr. Gallagher, Bernard Gallagher, Wilson, Dalton, Curtin, and Ausburg charged with treason-felony. The prisoner Whitehead, who had been brought from Birmingham, was also placed in the dock. The man Norman, who had been arrested with a quantity of nitro- glycerine in his possession, was produced as a witness. He deposed that his real name was Lynch. He was sworn-in a Fenian in New York. He did not know O’Donovan Rossa personally, but the latter was known to the Fenian Brotherhood as “the old man.” The president of his Fenian club sent him with a letter to Dr. Gallagher, who, in consequence, ordered him to London, paying all expenses, and promising to provide for his mother and sister. Gallagher followed h’m to London, provided him with money on several occasions, and sent him to Birmingham for nitro glycerine. Gallagher told him it was intended to blow up the Houses of Parliament and Scotland Yard, and that O’ Donovan Rossa would supply the funds. 19 . — Parliament House, Quebec, totally destroyed by fire, the origin of which was unknown. The buildings were of recent date, having been erected to replace a previous edifice also destroyed by fire in 1854. — Died at Naples, aged 54, Major- General William Wigram Barry, C.B. Saw much active service in the Crimea, being present at the battles of Alma, Balaclava, and Inker- mann, and at the fall of Sebastopol ; served also in India 1857-58, taking part in the siege and capture of Lucknow. 20 . — Died at Brighton, aged 60, the Right Rev. G. R. Mackarness, a scholar of Merton, Oxford, brother of the Bishop of Oxford, and consecrated Episcopal Bishop of Argyll and the Isles, 1874. 21 . — An examination of the prisoners Featherstone, O’Herlihy, Carmody, and Mor- gan, charged with complicity in the dynamite conspiracy, resumed at Cork. The connection between Featherstone and Deasy, who had been arrested in Liverpool with explosives in his possession, was established. Evidence was given by the Glasgow chemists from whom a quantity of sulphuric acid had been ordered by O’Herlihy. His sister, however, deposed that the acid was used for making coloured inks. — An explosion, attributed like most other accidents at the moment to the “Irreconcil- ables,” took place at Enfield, close to the Government small-arms factory. Burning tow and what appeared to have been a tin box were found near the spot, and a woman who saw the flash that preceded the explosion states that some minutes before she observed two men in dark clothes leave the place and run away. The amount of damage done was trifling. 1413 APRIL 1883 APRIL 23 . — H.R. H. the Duke of Albany laid the foundation stone of the new buildings of the Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institute, in Bream’s-buildings, Chancery -lane. — At the second trial of Timothy Kelly to-day in Dublin the chief approver Carey de- clined to confess in cross-examination by Mr. Sullivan that one of the objects contemplated by the “ Invincibles ” was murder. He would only use the euphemism “removal,” which he held was not murder. The reason he gave for his having been selected as one of the four for the executive of Dublin was, he said, “Because of my previous good character ” — this presumably referring to his conduct in the eyes of the Fenian leaders elsewhere. His position in almost all the attempted assassina- tions was that of “ Signalman.” These at- tempts the witness described as “ Warfare,” smiling sardonically as he remarked, “All is fair in love and war.” Some of the men who had been posted at different places on the scene where these attempts were frustrated were not, the witness explained, aware of the object in view. He himself, of course, was fully aware. His brother, who he confessed had been sworn in by himself, was generally intrusted with the task of taking up the arms from the “Invincibles” if their attempts should be successful. Speaking of the at- tempts on Mr. Forster, the witness made the statement that five of these attempts had taken place on one morning. He had approached the Sacrament of his Church after these attempts. — A telegram from Simla intimates that an important modification is to be made in Mr. Ilbert’s Criminal Jurisdiction Bill, the prin- ciple of which had created much feeling in India. “When the measure again comes up for discussion before the India Council it is understood that, while it will propose to con- fer extended powers upon native magistrates, European-British subjects will be allowed to claim trial by one of their own countrymen.” — The Lord Chief Justice gives judgment in the action raised by Mr. Bradlaugh against Mr. Newdegate for “maintenance,” or un- lawfully assisting Mr. Clarke in his action to recover from the member for Northampton the penalty of ^500 for voting in the House of Commons without having taken the oath. His Lordship decided that, as “maintenance ” con- sisted in one person who had no real interest in a case supporting another in its prosecution, and as Mr. Clarke had acknowledged that but for Mr. Newdegate’s bond he would have been unable to proceed against Mr. Bradlaugh, it was clear that judgment must go against Mr. Newdegate, who would have to pay the costs between solicitor and client. If parties could not agree as to the amount the matter would have to go before an official referee and judg- ment would follow. 1414 23 . — Died, aged 81, Sir Thomas Howell, formerly Director of Contracts at the War Office ; mentioned with commendation in Par- liament for his exertions during the Crimean War. 24 . — In the House of Commons this after- noon considerable time was occupied at the opening of the sitting by a discussion on the second reading of the Metropolitan District Railway Bill, which was objected to on account of disfiguring the Thames Embankment by the company’s ventilators. The second reading was ultimately agreed to, but by a large majority an instruction was given to the Com- mittee to insert a clause in the Bill providing for the pulling down of the ventilators and the restoration of the streets and gardens to their original condition. — Fire at Greenock in premises belonging to the Caledonian Railway Company, and used by them as a sugar store and lye. The erection was completely demolished, about 350 tons of sugar were consumed, a pointsman’s box adjoining the shed was also burned down, three waggons were destroyed and others damaged, and the telegraph wires overhead were broken. In all, the damage was estimated at £ 10,000 . — About midnight during thick weather, the Liverpool ship British Commerce collided in the English Channel with the Glasgow ship County of Aberdeen, The former vessel sank almost immediately after the accident, and twenty-five of the crew were drowned, the captain and boatswain being the sole survivors. 25 . — Came on at Glasgow Circuit Court before Lord Deas the trial of Henry Mullen and Martin Scott, charged with having mur- dered two gamekeepers on Devol Farm, near Port- Glasgow, on the night of Saturday, 3rd February last. They pleaded not guilty, and a number of witnesses were examined for the prosecution, among them being a man named Kyle, who was in the company of the prisoners at the time of the tragedy. Verdict, guilty ; sentence death, and both criminals executed within Glasgow prison, May 17th. — Died suddenly, in the enclosure at New- market on this “Two Thousand Guineas Day,” Prince Batthyany, for over forty years a pro- minent supporter of the English turf, and owner of a large number of racehorses. The Count, who represented an ancient Hungarian family, was born in 1804. — Died, aged 78, William Leighton Leitch, Vice-President of the Institute of Painters in Water Colours, highly appreciated as a teacher, having given lessons to the Queen and most of the members of the Royal P'amily. The Vice-President was a native of Glasgow. 27 . — The Gazette contained a Queen’s pro- clamation establishing the order of the “ Royal APRIL MAY 1883 Red Cross,” a decoration for nurses who de- vote themselves to the care of the sick and wounded in the Army and Navy. 27 . — Boiler explosion in the foundry of Messrs. Davie & Sons, Orchard- street, Stirling, resulting in the death of six workmen and serious injury to several others. 28 . — Died, aged 88, Rev. John Russell, well-known in the West of England as the “ Hunting Parson.” — In the House of Commons, replying to a question as to a conspiracy to murder in County Clare which the Irish authorities were endeavouring to trace to its source, Mr. Trevelyan mentioned the startling fact that there was in Ireland still remaining undetected 54 murders and 3, 500 serious charges. 30 . — Died, aged 92, Admiral Frederick Edward Vernon Harcourt, the eldest officer on the flag officer’s retired list, having entered the Navy in 1810. May 1. — International Exhibition at Am- sterdam opened. ■ — The new road at Hyde ParkCorner, connecting Hamilton and Grosvenor Places, opened for public use. — Announcement made that Lady Mount- morres had been awarded ,£3,000 for the murder of her husband near Clonbar on the 25th of September, 1880; and Mrs. Harriette Blake, of Rathville, County Galway, .£3,000 for the murder of her husband, and £ 1,000 for injuries inflicted on herself on the same occasion. — Lord Shaftesbury presides at the eighth annual meeting for the Protection of Animals from Vivisection. Among the speakers were the- Bishop of Oxford, Lord Coleridge, Lord Mount-Temple, and Mr. George Anderson, M.P. It was argued that vivisection was immoral and degrading, that it had never been of any use to the medical profession in dealing with diseases of the human frame, and that its total abolition was absolutely necessary. Resolutions in support of the objects of the meeting were passed, and Mr. Anderson con- gratulated upon the success attending his efforts for prohibiting pigeon shooting. — The Hon. and Rev. Arthur Gascoigne Douglas consecrated Scottish Episcopal Bishop of the united diocese of Aberdeen and Orkney. — Died, aged 61, the Very Rev. George H. Connor, Dean of Windsor, one of Her Majesty’s chaplains, and for many years Vicar of Newport, Isle of Wight. 2. — New National Liberal Club inaugurated by a banquet at the Aquarium, the principal speakers being Mr. Gladstone, Earl Granville, and John Morley, M.P. Nearly 2,000 guests were present, including several hunded lady spectators. 2. — The Prince of Wales lays the memorial stone of a new Indian Institute at Oxford, in presence of a distinguished company, including the Marquis of Salisbury, the Archbishop of York, the Bishop of Calcutta, and many mem- bers of the Grand Lodge of Freemas ns. — In the course of Delaney’s trial to-day, before Mr. Justice O’Brien, the prisoner stated that though present in Phoenix Park, he had taken no part in the crime, and, for his own safety left the spot on Ka'vanagh’s car. Brady and Kelley alone had committed the actual murders. He had been forced, under fear of death, to be present. Referring to the attempt on the life of Judge Lawson, for which he had been sentenced to penal servi- tude, the prisoner said that he had been com- pelled to undertake the murder of his Lordship, but that to save the Judge’s life he deliberately pinched an arm of the detective, so as to draw attention to his own proceedings. Thomas Caffrey also pleaded the dread of death as a palliation of his presence at the assassination, and declared that he was not aware of the intended murder until about twenty minutes before it was carried into execution. The judge sentenced both the prisoners to be hanged at Kilmainham on 2nd June. 3 .— The Affirmation Bill debate dragged drearily onwards until shortly before midnight, when Mr. Goschen imported some interest into the discussion. He was followed by Sir Stafford Northcote. The Marquis of Harting- ton replied for the Government. Considerable excitement prevailed when the House was cleared for the division, which was announced at 1.30; 289 voted for the second reading, and 292 against. The Bill was therefore rejected by three votes. — Died at Woolwich, Margaret Anne Wrottesley, daughter of Field Marshal Sir John Fox Burgoyne, to whom she was of great service in the Crimea. 4 -. — Mr. Bradlaugh presented himself at the Bar, when the Speaker read a letter from him, claiming his right to take the oath and his seat. Mr. Bradlaugh made a speech of nearly two hours’ duration. Sir S. Northcote moved a hostile resolution, adopted by 271 votes against 165. — Lord Dufferin left Egypt, having handed to Sherif Pasha his report on the condition of the country. 5 . — A dreadful explosion took place at the shell factory at Priddy’s Hard, near Portsmouth Harbour. Some men were engaged in filling shells, and it was supposed that by some means a fuse became ignited. The building was destroyed, and of the seven men at work six were either killed on the spot or died shortly afterwards. 6 . — Guion steamer Alaska arrived at New York (Sandy Hook) in 6 days, 23 hours, 48 1415 AT A Y 1883 MAY minutes after leaving Queenstown, the shortest passage (westwards) on record. — Died at Melbourne, aged 65, Sir John O’Shanass, K.C.M.G., thrice Prime Minister of Victoria. 7 . — The Royal College of Music, opened by the Prince of Wales, who was accompanied by the Princess of Wales, the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh, Prince Christian, Mr. and Miss Gladstone, and other distinguished persons. The honour of knighthood was conferred upon Professor Macfarren, Dr. Sullivan, and Dr. George Grove. 8. — The Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the condition of the Highland crofters begins its sittings at the Braes, Portree. Considerable interest was excited among the islanders, and a large number gathered to witness the arrival of the Commissioners. Lord Napier of Ettrick, chairman of the Commission, presided. 9 . — The town of Croydon received a royal charter of incorporation. 10. — New Central Fish Market, Farringdon Street, erected by the Corporation of the City of London, at a cost of ^28,000, formally opened by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs. — The Rev. Randal Davidson, son-in-law of the late Archbishop of Canterbury, ap- pointed Dean of Windsor, in succession to the late Dean Connor. — Great fire in Jersey City, U.S.A., caused by lightning striking the Standard Oil Company’s works. — Died at Paris, Juliette Drouet, formerly an actress, and friend of Victor Hugo. 11 . — Announcement made that William Chambers, senior member of the widely- known Edinburgh publishing firm of W. and R. Chambers, was to be created a Baronet. 12 . — The Prince of Wales opens the Fisheries Exhibition at South Kensington, London, in presence of a distinguished gather- ing from all parts of the world. 13 . — The foreign fisher-girls and those from Newhaven who had taken part in the opening ceremony of the Fisheries Exhibition, received at Marlborough House by the Princess of Wales. The Prince and Princess, with the young Princes and Princesses, and Prince Henry of the Netherlands, went out on the lawn to meet the visitors, with whom they talked for some time. The fisher-folk were afterwards entertained in the servant’s hall, and then taken in carriages, provided by the Baroness Burdett Coutts, to the Zoological Gardens, where they met fifty of the Irish fishermen. The whole party were subsequently taken to the house of the Baroness in Piccadilly. — Died, aged 71, Dr. James Young, of Kelly, chemist, friend of Thomas Graham 1416 of the Mint, as also of David Livingstone, and founder of the Paraffin Oil Company at Bathgate. In conjunction with Dr. Angus Smith Dr. Young edited a collection of Graham’s papers bearing the title of “ Chemi- cal and Physical Researches.” 13 . — Died at Putney, aged 63, Torben de Bille, Chamberlain to King of Denmark, for many years Danish Ambassador at the Court of St. James’s. 14 . — Serious railway collisions on the Caledonian line at Lockerby Junction, result- ing in the wreckage of a Scotch express train and the death of seven persons. First, a Stranraer train came into contact with cer- tain goods waggons proceeding northwards, and then in the height of the confusion the Scotch express rushing southward dashed into the station at the rate of between fifty and sixty miles an hour. It was utterly impossible to do anything effectual to avert a catastrophe, though the driver of the pilot engine had reversed his engine and put on the brake. The pilot engine, crashing into one of the goods waggons, was thrown on to the platform, and the train, tearing up the permanent way, plunged on, the displaced goods waggons ripping away the near sides of the carriages for nearly half the length of the train, and almost completely destroying one of them. Every effort was at once made to rescue the passengers, and, from the large number travel- ling south on their return home from the Whit- suntide holidays, it was greatly feared that the loss of life would be appalling. Happily the fatal consequences of the disaster were not so terrible as anticipated. — Execution at Kilmainham Gaol of Joseph Brady, the first of the men condemned for the Phoenix Park murders. — Died, aged 75, Karl Hutten, an able decorative artist of V ienna. 15 . — Died, at Antwerp, aged 91, Ferdinand de Brackleer, a distinguished Belgian painter. — Died, aged 68, Robert Druitt, M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.P., a man of marked dis- tinction in his profession. 16 . — Commencement of hostilities in Madagascar by the French, Majunga being bombarded to-day. — Speaking at a meeting of the Irish National League Mr. Mayne, M. P. for Tippe- rary, said as Catholics they ought to remember O’Connell’s words, that he took his theology but not his politics from Rome. They would pay all deference to the head of their Church, but the head of their political church was M r. Parnell. At night a public meeting was held in Dublin in support of the Parnell Testimonial Fund. Mr. Sexton, M.P., violently attacked the Government. Both the English parties had learned during the last few years that they must strike Mr. Parnell down, or he MA Y 1883 MAY would set Ireland free. The circular from the Vatican was addressed to the Bishops of Ire- land, and it certainly was not the duty of any layman to intervene between the hierarchy and the head of the Catholic Church, but in regard to the people he thought they had a right to speak in self-defence and in vindication of their own conduct. It was impossible for His Holiness to acquire a complete knowledge of the conduct of political affairs, and it might be desirable to send a deputation to Rome to explain their actual condition. The Irish people would be sorry to lose the valuable services of the clergy, but with allies or with- out allies this movement must go on until they had proved the eternal solidarity of the Irish people wherever their lot was cast. 17 . — Died at Cannes, aged 88, the Right Hon. Sir John McNeill, F.R.S., diplomatic agent at Teheran, 1836-42, and in later life Chairman of the Scottish Board of Super- visions. Sir John, third son of John of Colon- say, and brother of Lord Colonsay, graduated M.D. at Edinburgh, 1815, and soon afterwards entered the Bombay Medical Service. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 82, William Pitt Dundas, Deputy Clerk Register of Scot- land. 18 . — Seven men arrested in County West- meath on suspicion of having taken part in the murder of Mrs. Smythe, who was shot dead in April of last year while driving from church to her brother-in-law’s house at Barbavilla. — Daniel Curley hanged in Kilmainham Gaol for his share in the Phoenix Park mur- ders, and buried beside his fellow-assassin Brady. Curley made no confession of his crime — indeed, he appeared to have died in the belief that he had committed none. In a letter to his wife he apologised for not having tried to save himself as others did, but said he could not stoop so low, and added, “ I will die as I have lived, faithful to my principles and in my country’s cause.” — Cyclones burst over large districts of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, and Missouri. Eighty-three persons are reported to have been killed and 340 injured. — Died, aged 83, Rev. Edward Coleridge, chief founder of St. Augustine’s College, Canterbury. 19 . — Died, aged 66, Samuel Read, who for nearly thirty years contributed large and spirited drawings of cathedrals, and other architectural sketches to various illustrated papers and periodicals. 20. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 83, when a well-merited patent of baronetcy was in prepara- tion for him, William Chambers, founder with his brother Robert, and senior partner in, the enterprising publishing firm of Messrs. W. & R. Chambers, famous for their Journal , and much other literature specially suited for the people. Only a year or two since Mr. Chambers had undertaken in the most munificent spirit the re- storation of the ancient Cathedral Church of St. Giles. He was elected Lord Provost of Edinburgh, 1865, and made an LL.D. of Edin- burgh University, 1872. 20 . — Died at Ontario, aged 93, Rev. Josiah Henson, the original of “ Uncle Tom,” in Mrs. Beecher Stowe’s story. 21. — The Marquis of Lansdowne appointed Governor-General of Canada in succession to the Marquis of Lome. — The Cock tavern in Fleet Street, a well- known and song-celebrated resort, dating from the time of Charles I., sold for ^3,100, the purchaser covenanting to expend ^5,500 on the building. — Died, aged 46, James Shaw, author of Parliamentary sketches entitled “ The Silent Member.” 23 . — Five young men, all sons of trades- men at Sandwich, drowned off the mouth of the river Stour, through the capsizing of a boat. — The leading feature of the Coronation Ceremony at Moscow to-day was the conse- cration of the banner of the Empire, which is renewed upon the occasion of the accession of each new Emperor. — Henry Mullen and Martin Scott suffer the extreme penalty of the law at Glasgow for the murder of the two gamekeepers Fyfe and M‘Caughtrie, near Port-Glasgow, on 3rd February. The execution took place within the walls of Duke-street Prison, and was carried out by Marwood. — St. Giles’s Cathedral, Edinburgh, re- stored through the munificence of the late Dr. William Chambers, opened this afternoon by the Earl of A 1 erdeen, Lord High Commis- sioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, as representing the Queen. The ceremony included the presentation to the Commissioner of an address which had been prepared by Dr. Chambers shortly before his death. The proceedings closed with a service conducted by the Rev. Dr. Lees. The Lord High Commissioner having communicated by telegram to Her Majesty the successful com- pletion of the ceremony, a reply was in the course of the evening received from Sir Henry Ponsonby stating that it was with sincere re- gret that the Queen had heard of the death of Dr. Chambers, and expressing Her Majesty’s satisfaction at the day s proceedings having gone off so well. 24 . — The remains of Isabella, Queen of Denmark, sister of the Emperor Charles V., who died at Ghent in 1526, disinterred and transmitted to Denmark at the request of the King. 1417 MAY 1883 MAY 24 . — In the Commons several questions were put by Mr. Cowen and other hon. mem- bers as to the relations of the Government with the Vatican. It was stated in reply that Lord Granville had not sent to Mr. Errington at Rome any congratulation with regard to the Papal circular ; that Mr. Errington, not having an official appointment, would receive no remuneration ; and that the only recom- mendation given to the hon. gentleman when he went to Rome was Lord Granville’s letter of last year. Some dissatisfaction with the answer was expressed and notice of some further question was given. — Dr. Croke, Archbishop of Cashel, having arrived from Rome, proceeded from Kings- town to Dublin, and thence to his palace at Thurles. Addresses were presented at Dublin and at Thurles, and at several other places along the route his Grace received an enthusi- astic reception. Speaking in the cathedral of Thurles in the evening, the Archbishop gave a short account of his reception at the Vatiean, and assured his audience of the Pope’s sincere friendship for Ireland. — Died, aged 71, Admiral Sir James Crawford Caffin, K.C.B. ; served at the battle of Navarino, and in the Baltic during the Crimean War. — Died, aged 85, Henry Robinson Mon- tague, sixth Baron Rokeby, served at Quatre Bras and Waterloo, and commanded a division in the Crimea, for which service he was made K.C.B., and Commander of the Legion of Honour. — Brooklyn Bridge, over the East River, connecting New York with Brooklyn, opened with great ceremony in presence of Presi- dent Arthur and'the Federal and State officials. The bridge is the largest suspension bridge in the world, having a total length of 5,989ft. The whole cost, including the land required, reached 15,000,000 dollars. 25 . — The London Corporation, in pursu- ance of a petition by the Lord Mayor, aider- men, and councillors, made an order directing that “ all issues or inquiries at Nisi Prius, which would otherwise be tried and executed within the county of the city of London, shall for ever hereafter be tried and executed at the new Courts of Justice.” — Died at Damascus, aged 76, Abd-el- Kader, who after trying for nearly twenty years to drive the French out of Algeria, sur- rendered to them in 1847, and from an enemy became a staunch ally. This genuine son of the wilderness was rewarded with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour for his conduct during the Syrian mas-acres of 1863. (See pp. 229-363.) 1418 25 . — In reply to Mr. Norwood, Mr. Glad- stone stated that communications had passed between the Suez Canal Company and the Government respecting the proposed new canal, and promised that no engagement should be formed before an opportunity had been given the mercantile community of considering the proposals. 2 S. — Fire on board the training ship Mars , stationed in the Tay, It originated in the captain’s quarters, and when discovered had obtained a firm hold. The alarm was sounded, and the 340 boys on board were immediately at their posts. The flames were observed from the shore, and four steamers put out to the assistance of the vessel. By dint of great exertions the fire was after some hours got under, though previous to this matters seemed so serious that most of the boys were landed. 27 . — (Sunday). — The Coronation of the Czar accomplished in the Kremlin, Moscow, with complete success amid all the pomp and circumstance associated with so dignified a ceremonial. Moscow was astir before day- break, the streets of the city were crowded with an enthusiastic multitude, and the sun shone upon the gorgeous spectacle. The Emperor and Empress proceeded in state from the palace to the Cathedral of the Assumption, where they were received by the Metropolitans of Moscow and Novgorod, and the other clergy. After making the declaration of his faith, the Czar was invested with the ermine by the Metropolitan of Moscow, and received from the hands of the Metropolitan of Nov- gorod the Imperial Crown, which he himself placed on his head. The Empress was after- wards crowned and invested with the ermine by the Emperor. Their Majesties then pro- ceeded to the Sanctuary where they were anointed and received the sacrament. A ban- quet was given in the afternoon, and the city was brilliantly illuminated in the evening. — The French reported as having suffered a somewhat serious reverse in Tonquin. Fort Hanoi, occupied by a small body of troops under Captain Riviere, had been besieged for some months by a large force, believed to con- sist of Annamites and Chinese. The place was assaulted on March 2 7, but the enemy were driven off with loss, and the arms left by them on the field were of such a character as to give rise to the belief that Chinese regular troops had been engaged. The French were too weak to pursue their success, and the siege has since been carried on as closely as ever. Some days ago Captain Riviere made a sortie, which had a most disastrous result. The com- mander and twenty-five men were killed, and Major Devillers and fifty men were wounded. 28 . — Adjournment of the Commons moved in order to discuss the seizure of the Kerry Sentinel. MAY JUNE 1883 29. — Mr. Gladstone made a statement with reference to the course of Government business. The London Municipal Reform Bill would not be proceeded with this session, but the other measures of primary importance mentioned in the Queen’s Speech would be persevered with. English Agricultural Holdings Bill read a second time. — A meeting, attended by 280 members of the Liberal party, held at the Foreign Office, to hear from Mr. Gladstone a statement regarding the order of public business, and the prospects of legislation during the session ; whilst a meeting of the Conservative party took place at the same time at the Carlton Club, to consider the attitude to be adopted towards the Agricultural Holdings Bill. 30 . — Panic amongst a crowd on the new Brooklyn Bridge at New York, in conse- quence of a cry being raised that the structure was giving way. In the rush that followed several persons were killed and a large number injured. — A number of witnesses who gave evi- dence during the recent Dublin trials com- pensated by Government and leave the country, among them being the informers Joseph Han- lon, Michael Kavanagh, and Joe Smith. The horse and car driven by Kavanagh on the day of the assassination, together with the identical suit of clothes he wore, and the whip he used were added to Madame Tussaud’s exhibition in London. 30 . — Mr. Justice Barry appointed to the Irish Court of Appeal in place of Lord Justice Deasy, deceased. 31 . — In the First Division of the Court of Session the test case in connection with the tunnelling operations by the Glasgow City and District Railway was decided against the com- pany, their Lordships unanimously finding that the owners of property undermined could insist upon the company purchasing, not merely the substratum, but the buildings on the surface as well. — The Free Church General Assembly occupied during both the morning and the evening sitting with the debate on the use of instrumental mm ic in public worship as an aid to vocal praise. Principal Rainy moved that there was nothing in the Word of God or in the constitution and laws of the Church to forbid the use of instrumental music, and that therefore the General Assembly should not withhold its declaration that its employment by congregations is optional. Sir Henry Mon- creiff moved that in view of the conflict of opinion on the subject, the Assembly mean- time take no action. After a prolonged dis- 1419 cussion, Principal Rainy’s motion was carried by 390 votes to 259 given for Sir Henry Mon- creiffs. Dr. Begg, in the course of his speech before the division, declared that his feeling was so strong in the matter that if Principal Rainy’s motion was carried what should be done would become with him and with thou- sands more a serious question. 31 .— Died, aged 52, Major-General Bur- naby, M.P. for North Leicestershire ; served in the Grenadier Guards at Inkerman and the siege of Sebastopol. — The General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland debate at great length the instrumental music question. Principal Rainy moved a resolution in favour of granting liberty to congregations in the matter. Sir H. Moncrieff, who proposed a resolution for delay, was supported by the Begg party and the Highlanders. The discussion was continued until eleven at night, and it resulted in a majority of 390 to 252 in favour of Principal Rainy’s proposal. June 1 . — In the House of Commons, when the questions had been disposed of, the Speaker called on Mr. O’Kelly (Roscommon) for an assurance that he would proceed no further in connection with the challenge he had sent Mr. M‘Coan (Wicklow). Mr. O’Kelly, in reply, stated that he did not consider the subject fell within the jurisdiction of the House, and added that any one who, after insulting another, re- fused satisfaction, excluded himself from the category of honourable men, and was worthy of no further notice. Mr. Gladstone in an exhaustive speech, showed that the subject was one in which the House was concerned, and intimated that unless Mr. O’Kelly had an as- surance to give he would be obliged to con- clude with a motion. Mr. O’Keliy therefore disclaimed any intention of proceeding further in the matter. Mr. Gladstone suggested that after the assurance of both hon. members the House should take no action. This was agreed to. — Demonstration of Crofters takes place in Stornoway in anticipation of the arrival in Lewis of the Royal Commission on the 4th. A procession was formed, in which several thousand men marched in an orderly manner through the leading streets, with pipes and banners, to a common two miles outside the town, where resolutions were passed pledging the manhood of Lewis to united action, in order to bring about the restoration of the land to the people, and protesting against the system by which the local landlord’s agent fills the chairmanship of every School Board and Poor-Law Board in the island. — The General Assembly of the Estab- lished Church of Scotland reject a motion for transferring St. Andrew’s University to Oban. FF* JUNE 38 3 JUNE 2. — At Stafford House, in presence of Mr. and Mrs. Gladstone, the Earl of Shaftesbury, and the American Minister, the Duchess of Sutherland unveils a marble medallion portrait of General Garibaldi. Mr. Gladstone after- wards delivered an address, in which he re- ferred to the Italian patriot’s career and character. — Thomas Caffrey executed this morning within the precincts of Kilmainham Jail for participation in the Phoenix Park assassinations. The only unusual incident in connection with the execution was that death was caused by strangulation and not by dislocation of the cervical vertebrae. — Died at Rome, aged 50, Albert Mario, a prominent figure in the Italian Republican party, and one of Garibaldi’s most trusted aides-de-camp. — Died, at Leyden, aged 63, Professor Rein- hart Dozy, a distinguished Oriental scholar. 3 . — Early this (Sunday) morning, a serious encounter took place between a crowd of people and the railway officials and police at Strome Ferry, the western terminus of the Highland Railway. The disturbance arose from an attempt by the people to prevent the desecration of the Sabbath, and had evidently been pre-arranged. It was intended to de- spatch fish by special train to catch the limited mail at Inverness, for London, but on the fishing steamer’s light being seen a crowd of about 150 people, armed with clubs and sticks, turned out and effectually prevented the fish from being landed. The railway autho- rities sought the aid of the police, but the force sent to Strome Ferry was totally insuffi- cient to displace the mob, who remained masters of the situation. The officials were rather severely handled. A suggestion was made to send for military aid, but this was not carried out, as it was anticipated that the crowd would disperse at the close of the day. When left in possession of the pier and station the crowd betook themselves to prayer and praise, and several addresses on Sunday observance were delivered. Punctually at midnight the crowd dispersed, and the work of unloading the steamers was resumed. 3 — Died off Aden, aged 75, Sir Arthur E. Kennedy, C.B., G.C.M.G., late Governor of Queensland. A. — Messrs. Davitt, Healy, and Quinn, in prison since February 8, in consequence of having refused to find bail for their future good behaviour, are liberated from Richmond Jail. — The Crofter Royal Commissioners reach the lonely i land of St. Kilda, and at once hold a meeting in the church. The Rev. John Mackay, who had been on the island eighteen years, stated that communication took place with the mainland six times a year. The 1420 people, so far as he knew, had no grievance, and in some respects their condition had im- proved in recent years. The population had increased from seventy-one in 1871 to seventy- six in 1881, and it was now seventy -seven. There never were more than two marriages in a year, and some years there were none. There was a serious mortality among children between seven and eight years of age, and each year there were one or two births. One of the peculiarities of the people was that if any of the strangers landing on the island had a cold, all the inhabitants also caught cold. None of the people were on the parochial roll, and there were none unable to do anything for themselves or destitute of relations. The Commissioners returned from St. Kilda in the evening. 5 . — Official information given that Lord Rosebery had retired from the office of Under Secretary for the Home Department, Sir W. Harcourt judging that the office could be more efficiently filled by a member of the House of Commons. — Edward Harrington, editor of the Kerry Sentinel , and James Brannan, foreman printer, sentenced at Tralee to six months’ imprison- ment for having printed a threatening notice. Two of the compositors were sentenced to two months’ imprisonment. Last night’s Dublin Gazette contained a list of awards in compensa- tion for outrages. The largest sum was ^1500, assigned to Mr. George Carter, J. P., shot at and wounded in County Mayo last year. Kavanagh, the carman concerned in the Phoenix Park murders, and Joseph Hanlon, another of the informers, left Dublin to-day for the colonies. — Died at Vienna, Dr. Sackinson, engaged for twenty years on a Hebrew Version of the New Testament. 6 . — Died, aged 73, George H. Kent, one of the last of the old school of reporters associated with Charles Dickens on the Morning Chronicle. 7 . — The work of the Crofter Royal Com- missioners in the Lewis receives an unwelcome and unexpected check by the wreck of the gun- boat Lively , whose duty it has hitherto been to convey them from place to place during their wanderings among the Western Isles. Evi- dence was taken to-day at Ness, a small place in the north-west of the island, not far from the Butt of Lewis, and the Lively was return- ing to Stornoway when the casualty occurred. The Commissioners had just risen from dinner, and were in the saloon when the vessel ran upon the Chicken Rock, a reef about five miles from Stornoway, on the Eye Peninsula. As the gunboat was going at the rate of eleven knots an hour, she went on the rock with great force and remained fixed. Commander Parr at once made an investigation, arid found that his vessel had suffered serious damage ; JUNE 1883 JUNE the men were ordered to get out the boats, the safety of the Commissioners and the repre- sentatives of the press was provided for, and in a few hours the effects of the Commissioners, officers, and crew, and the more valuable of the ship’s fittings had been taken on board a passing steamer. By this time the tide had ebbed, and the extent of the injury to the Lively was ascertained. This proved to be so great that she became a total wreck. 7 . — Died, aged 72, Sir George Bowyer, Bart., an enthusiastic Roman Catholic convert, also author of several legal works of acknow- ledged reputation. 8 . — During a severe thunderstorm, which burst over Manchester this evening, an exten- sive warehouse in Blackfriars was set on fire by lightning, and damage done to the extent of ^20,000. — The trial of the prisoners charged with the crime of firing Alexandria in July of last year brought to a close at Alexandria. Sulei- man Bey Daoud, the leader of the rioters, was sentenced to death, and eighteen Egyptian officers to imprisonment, with hard labour, for various terms. — Died, aged 84, Francis Bedford, dis- tinguished as a bookbinder of artistic merit. — Died at Portici, aged 59, Alexander Castellani, a well-known Italian antiquary. 8 . — The last of the executions in connection with the assassinations in the Phoenix Park on 6th May, 1882, took place this morning within the precincts of Kilmainham Jail, when Timothy Kelly suffered the extreme penalty of the law for his participation in the crime. The prisoner met his fate with a coolness almost bordering on indifference. He made no statement on the scaffold, nor did he leave any written document. 11 . — Celebration of the twenty-fifth anni- versary of Mr. Bright’s election as mem- ber of Parliament for Birmingham a mon- ster procession, composed of the members of trade societies and Liberal Associations from many parts of England, escorting the right hon. gentleman from Small Heath Station to Aston lower grounds, a dis- tance of nearly five miles. When Mr. Bright arrived he was received by Mr. Dixon, president of the Liberal Association, the Mayor of Birmingham, and presented with a gold medal in commemoration of the occasion. Mr. Bright expressed his profound appreciation of the kindness shown to him on all occasions by the people of Birmingham. 11. — Prince Albert Victor entered at Trinity College, Cambridge. — In the House of Lords Earl Dalhousie moves the second reading of Marriage with a Deceased Wife’s Sister Bill. Lord Cairns moved Ps rejection. The debate was an un- FF 2 usually lengthy one, and was joined in by the Archbishop of Canterbury, who opposed the measure. On a division the second reading was carried by 165 votes to 158. Last year the bill was thrown out by the narrow majority of three, the numbers being — For the second reading, 128; against, 131. 11 . — Tamatave, chief port on the east coast of Madagascar, bombarded and captured by the French. — In the Chess Tournament to-day, Zuker- tort beat Blackburne, Bird beat Tschigorin, Englisch beat Winawer, and Mackenzie beat Mortimer. Zukertort had now won twenty-one games, and was so far ahead that this victory ensured him the first prize of ^300. 12 . — Ceremony of formally opening the new sugar sample-room at Greenock, per- formed by Mr. Crum-Ewing, president of the Glasgow West India Association. Among the speakers on the occasion was Mr. Michael Connal, who gave an interesting account of the sugar trade on the Clyde from the beginning of the present century. 13 . — The chief event in the Bright Celebra- tion this week at Birmingham took place to- night in Bingley Hall, when, in the presence of an enthusiastic gathering of about 20,000 per- sons, the right hon. gentleman was presented by the Liberals of the city with a portrait of himself and a dessert service, and by political associations in all parts of the kingdom with over 150 addresses. Mr. Bright’s speech on the occasion had reference chiefly to the attempted revival of Protection. Mr. Chamber- lain also spoke on the occasion. A grand banquet, presided over by Earl Granville, fol- lowed next day. In the course of his speech, in reply to the good wishes expressed, Mr. Bright said he held, respecting Ireland, that the only way to make the people happy was to give occupying tenants an opportunity of becoming occupying owners. He denied having ever said that war was never justifiable, but contended that it should only be entered into when the cause for it was clear, and when there was some compensation for and justifica- tion of the slaughter that ensued. — Rev. Alexander Chinnery Haldane elected Scottish Episcopal Bishop of Argyll and the Isles, in succession to the late Bishop Mackarness. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 74, Dr. Benjamin Bell, president of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1864, and prominent member of the Free Church. 14 -. — The Naval Discipline and Enlistment Acts Amendment Bill read a third time in the House of Lords, after a brief discussion as to the impolicy of abolishing flogging. — Concluded at the Central Criminal Court the trial of the six prisoners for treason-felony in connection wdth dynamite conspiracies. 1421 JUNE 1883 JUNE The Lord Chief Justice intimated that in the case of Ansburgh and Bernard Gallagher he had come to the conclusion that there was evidence to go to the jury. The Master of the Rolls concurred. Mr. Justice Grove, while agreeing as to Bernard Gallagher, had grave doubts whether there was any legal evidence against Ansburgh. The Lord Chief Justice, in summing up, said it was not necessary in order to prove levying of war that there should be any massing together of troops. It would be sufficient to find the prisoners guilty if the jury thought they intended to force the Queen to change her counsels or to overawe Parlia- ment by violent means directed against life or property. In point of law there was no reason why the unsupported evidence of an approver should not be acted upon by the jury. It rested upon the prisoners to give an intelligible account of their possession of so much nitro- glycerine. After an hour and a quarter’s deliberation the jury found Thomas Gallagher, Whitehead, Wihon, and Curtin guilty, and acquitted Ansburgh and Bernard Gallagher. The Lo;-d Chief Justice stigmatised in strong terms the offence of which the prisoners had been found guilty, and sentenced the four first-named prisoners to penal servitude for life. 15 . — A public rehearsal preliminary to the Eighth Triennial Handel Festival takes place at the Crystal Palace, under the baton of Mr. A* Manns, who conducted in the absence of Sir Michael Costa through illness. The choir numbered 2,955 voices, and the orchestra 440 instruments. There was a very large audience, and the success of the festival appeared to be assured. — Fire at Inverness, attended with the loss of four lives and serious injury to two others, a father and son. An old soldier named Fer- gusson sacrificed his life in an unavailing effort to save his wife, and her two nieces — children three or four years of age. 16 . — Appalling accident at the Victoria Hall, Sunderland, involving the death of 182 children. A conjuror named Fay had been giving a performance for children, and at its close- began to scatter prizes over the Hall. The children in the gallery fearful of losing their share, ro c e from their seats and hurried down the stairs to the body of the build- ing. A door in the narrow staircase which they had to descend appeared either by chance or otherwise to have been partly closed and held in that position by a bolt passing into a hole in the floor. The passage was at once blocked ; but the crowd pressing towards the winding staircase a te rible scene ensued. The weaker children were thrown down and trampled upon, and as the pressure from the back continued, the little bodies were piled on one another several feet deep. The fearful struggle, in which the children pulled and tore for bare life, was all within a space of about 1422 twelve feet square, whilst the audience in other parts of the hall were entirely ignorant of what was passing, and for a time none of the attendants even suspected that anything had gone amiss. 16 . —Among the Wranglers in the Cam- bridge Class List to-day there appears the name of a lady student of Girton College (Miss Perrin) as entitled to be placed between the 20th and 2 1 st in order of merit. — Died, aged 46, Henry Sambrook Leigh, author of “ Carols of Cockayne,” &c. 17 . — In giving evidence before the Channel Tunnel Committee to-day, the Duke of Cam- bridge opposed the scheme as a new element of danger to the safety of the country. Its construction would necessitate the reorganisa- tion of the army, including the reserves, and the fortress guarding its English entrance would need a garrison of about 10,000 men. 18 . — In the Commons Sir Stafford North- cote calls attention to the speech of Mr. Bright at Birmingham, in which he spoke of the Conservatives having entered into an alli- ance with an Irish rebel party, whose funds came from the avowed enemies of England, and whose oath of allegiance is broken by association with its enemies. The right hon. Baronet moved that the words were a breach of the privileges of the House. Mr. Bright defended his position, and argued that the con- struction put upon his remarks was not the true one. In the course of the debate Mr. T P. O’Connor repudiated anything of the nature of an alliance between the Irish party and either one or other of the great political parties. Mr. Gladstone defended Mr. Bright, and contended that the words could not con- stitute a breach of privilege. Sir Stafford Northcote’s motion was rejected by 15 1 votes to 1 1 7. — A letter from James Carey is read at a meeting of the Dublin Corporation asking that the notice paper for the next meeting of the Council should be sent him to Kilmainham, as it was his intention to be present at the meeting. It was resolved to refer the letter and the whole question of Carey’s connection with the Corporation to a committee, with power to take the advice of Counsel. 19 . — Nearly ninety of the little victims of the Sunderland disaster are interred to-day. Fifty- three were buried in Bishopwearmouth Ceme- tery, twenty-four in Monkwearmouth Cemetery, and eleven in Ryhope Cemetery. The streets and roads were lined with sympathetic spec- tators, the blinds in most of the houses were drawn down, the shutters of the shops closed, and flags hung at half-mast on the churches and other public building-. The shipyards and other works were shut. 20. — In the Commons to-day Mr. Blake moved the second reading of the Sea Fisheries JUNE 1883 /UNE (Ireland) Bill, which proposes to take ^“250,000 from the Irish Church Fund for the purpose of improving the harbour accommodation on the Irish coast. The measure was supported by Irish members on both side of the House, and Mr. Forster spoke strongly in its favour. To- wards the close of the debate the Chancellor of the Exchequer stated that the Government would agree to the second reading on the dis- tinct understanding that it did no more than lay down the general principle that the Church Fund was to be used if it was sufficient to bear the charge of a quarter of a million, and that the places to which the money was to be applied were such as to merit that assistance. The bill was read a second time. 20 . — The most of the children who had lost their lives in the sad calamity at Sunder- land on Saturday were now interred, there still awaiting burial only some ten or twelve bodies. At Bishopwearmouth there were yes- terday sixty-nine funerals, at Ryhope thirteen, and at Monkwearmouth nine. The number of victims is now accurately ascertained to have been 182. A telegram was received by the Mayor from Sir Henry Ponsonby, representing the wish of Her Majesty that some one should be present on her behalf in the event of a public funeral taking place. The Mayor re- plied expressing gratitude at the Queen’s sympathy, and informing her that there was to be no public ceremonial. 21 . — Lord Wolseley examined before the Channel Tunnel Committee. His Lordship ■stated that it would require a considerable addition to the British army to strengthen the -garrison of Dover up to the rank of a first-class fortress, as it would be necessary to do in case the Tunnel were formed. — The Government award for the recovery of the body of the late Earl of Crawford and Balcarres adjudicated by SheriffGuthrie Smith, acting under instructions from the Home Office. After hearing the claims of three different parties, the Sheriff decided that George Mach- ray, late gamekeeper at Dunecht, the man who first communicated to the authorities the fact ofSoutar, at present undergoing sentence of five years’ penal servitude, being the writer of the letters signed “Nabob,” was entitled to the reward, The sum granted by the Government was restricted to ^50, one-half of that originally offered, on the ground that only one of the persons implicated had been brought to justice. — Destructive fire in the Government Dockyard at Amsterdam. 22 . — Concluding day of the Handel Trien- nial Festival at the Crystal Palace devoted as usual to “Israel in Egypt.” Both chorus and soloists acquitted themselves admirably, and at the close of the oratorio Mr. August Manns received an ovation from the audience, which numbered about 24,000 persons. 22. — Late this evening a collision occurred in the English Channel between the sailing vessels Waitara and Hurunui , both bound for New Zealand, and both owned by the New Zealand Shipping Company. Four cabin passengers on board the Waitara and eleven of her crew, including the captain and the chief officer, succeeded in getting on board the Hurunui during the brief moment when the rigging of the two vessels was interlocked, or were picked up by the boat that was launched from the Hurunui immediately after the disaster. The rest of the cabin passengers, four in number, all the steerage passengers, numbering eight, and thirteen members of the crew, including the second officer and the head steward, went down with the vessel, making the total loss of life twenty- five. 23 . — Died, aged 86, Sir William Knollys, Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod ; took an active part in the Peninsular Campaign, and was Treasurer and Comptroller of the House- hold of the Prince of Wales. 24 . — Died, Sir James Cochrane, K. B., late Chief Justice of Gibraltar, a post he held for thirty-six years. 26 . — Died, aged 94, General Sir Edward Sabine, K.C.B., a high authority in matters relating to terrestrial magnetism ; served with distinction in the American War of 1813-16; elected President of the Royal Society 1861-71. — ■ Died, aged 74, Captain Farquhar, F.R. C.S.; organised the hospitals at Balaclava and Sinope during the Crimean War. 27 . — Speaking at the annual dinner of the Constitutional Union to-night, Lord Salisbury designated the programme of Mr. Chamberlain as a Jacobin programme pure and simple, and expressed surprise that a minister holding the opinions which Mr. Chamberlain had expressed should be allowed to sit in council with other ministers whose opinions were so different. He dwelt upon the importance of the moderate section of the Liberal party, and said that whilst the mission of the Whigs was to preserve the equilibrium of the Constitution, the position they occupied at the present time vitiated that compensating act. — At a meeting in London of the Directors of the Scottish Corporation, the death was announced of one of the pensioners, Jane Charteris, who Was said to have reached the age of 112 years. She was a native of Dum- fries, and was believed to be a relative of Burns the poet. — The Svir and Siaski Ship Canals, con- necting the lakes Ladoga and Onega, opened with great ceremony by the Emperor and Empress of Russia. — Died, aged 58, Dr. William Spottis- woode, F.R.S. ; succeeded his father in the management of the business of the Queen’s Printers, distinguished as a linguist and 14^3 JUNE 883 JUNE mathematician, President of the British As- sociation in 1878, and in 1879 President of the Royal Society. Dr. Spottiswoode was interred with honour in Westminster Abbey, 5th July. 28 . — In the House of Lords, on the order for the third reading of Marriage with a Deceased Wife’s Sister Bill, the Duke of Marlborough moves for rejecting the measure. He argued that although in his view there was no express prohibition in Scripture of a mar- riage of the kind which the bill, sought to legalise, a higher law and a higher morality than the law of Moses had been introduced by Christianity. He also held very strongly that if the bill became law it would be a first step to the disruption of the connection be- tween Church and State. Lord Houghton objected to the course taken by the noble Duke as unconstitutional, a view which the Duke of Argyll controverted, while support- ing the motion with arguments somewhat different from those of the mover. Lord Bramwell reiterated his arguments in favour of the bill, and among subsequent speakers were the Bishop of Exeter and the Lord Chancellor, both of whom spoke strongly against it. On a division the motion for third reading was rejected by 145 votes to 140. — Judgment given by the Court-martial held at Devonport in connection with the loss of H.M.S. Lively. The Court found that the vessel was wrecked through an error of judg- ment on the part of the pilot, Mr. John M ‘Donald, in not allowing sufficient room to clear the danger known as the Hen and Chickens Rocks, and that Commander Parr, Navigating-Lieutenant Mills, and Sub-Lieu- tenant Stileman neglected their duty on that occasion by omitting to observe with sufficient accuracy and attention the conduct of tl e pilot in the navigation of the ship, thereby failing to discover the error he was committing. Commander Parr ;and Lieutenant Mills were severely reprimanded and dismissed their ship, while Sub- Lieutenant Stileman was censured. — A crime recalling the murder of Mr. Gold by Lefroy, on the Brighton Railway, was perpetrated this morning on the train run- ning between Calais and Paris. An English clergyman named Whitborne, who was a traveller by the train, had fallen asleep, when he was roused by a murderous attack being made upon him with an iron instrument, by the other occupant of the compartment. His assailant, after a struggle, next tried to throw him out of the carriage door on to the line, but the reverend gentleman succeeded in retaining his hold on the hand-rail, and by this means he got into another compartment. The train was immediately stopped, when the would-be murderer attempted to escape across country. When captured, he drew a revolver and shot himself, but not dead. 1424 28 . — According to late accounts from Dami- etta, upwards of one hundred deaths had oc- curred there from cholera within twenty-four hours. There were, however, no cases of cholera, as yet, in Port Said or Mansurah. — Died, aged 48, Plenry Frederick Turtle, editor of Notes and Queries. — Died at Berlin, aged 98, Baron John Henry Schroder, the German Peabody, chief of the great banking house well-known in Hamburg, London, and Liverpool. 29 . — In the House of Commons Sir William Harcourt moved for leave to bring in a Bill to constitute a Local Government Board in Scot- land. In the course of his remarks he spoke in warm appreciation of Lord Rosebery, whose rule would have gone on, but that it was neces- sary to have a person in the H ouse of Com- mons instead of the House of Lords. Besides the sentiment of Scotch members was not favourable to the creation of an Under Sec- retary of State, and accordingly the Govern- ment proposed to follow the example of the English Local Government Board, and create a higher department with a Minister who could deal with all local matters in Scotland that usually came before the Secretary of State. Nothing in this proposal was at all disparag- ing to the office of Lord- Advocate, and it would simply place the affairs of Scotland in the hands of a person specially conversant with them, and who would be the head of his Department. The salary of the President of the Local Government Board for Scotland would be ^2,000 a year, and the sum would be taken from the salary of the Lord Privy Seal. The President of the Board would be appointed by Her Majesty, and would hold office during her pleasure. The Bill was read a first time. — Publication of a Treasury Minute regard- ing sixpenny telegrams. Mr. Childers recom- mended that authority be given to the Post- master-General for the necessary preliminary expenses, which are expected to amount to half a million sterling, of which ^200,000 will be expended in the current financial year. The reduction will be made on October 1, 1884, but Mr. Childers leaves for further inquiry the question as to the exact manner in which the reduction is to be effected. — The Liberal party win a seat at Hastings, thus retrieving one of their defeats suffered in 1880. The contest was caused by the resigna- tion of Mr. C. J. Murray, who was returned at the top of the poll in 1880. Mr. Ince, the Liberal candidate, polled 2,138 votes, and his Conservative opponent, Mr. Warner, 2,101, the majority being so exceedingly narrow as 37. Party feeling ran very high, and produced the largest poll ever known in the constituency. Recent statistics gave the registered electors as 4,282. JUNE 883 JULY 29 . — Fire at Aix-la-Chapelle, resulting in the partial destruction of the celebrated Gothic Town Hall, erected in 1353 on the site of Charlemagne’s Palace. 30 . — Opening of the Princess Alice Memo- rial Hospital at Eastbourne, also of the new Water-works, by the Prince and Princess of Wales. — Presiding at the annual banquet of the Cobden Club, in Greenwich, Mr. Chamber- lain defined what he believed was the duty of Radicals as pioneers of the Liberal party. They should, he held, fearlessly and at all times express their views and their desires, but when a general forward movement was resolved upon, it was their duty to adapt their pace to that of the slowest of their allies, rest- ing content with a part when they could not get the whole, and not acting the unpractical and dangerous part of irreconcilables. — Thunderstorm, accompanied by loss of life, broke over the Midland and Eastern Counties. A pedlar, who had taken shelter under a tree in Grove Road, Norwich, was instantaneously killed, his wife, who was beside him, being uninjured. A man sitting in the harness-room of a farm in the same neighbourhood also met his death, while two men in his company escaped without hurt. In East Lincolnshire a dwelling-house was struck by lightning, and a man inside was killed. At several places buildings were set on fire, and other damage was done. — Destructive fire at the coach-building works of Messrs. Kesterton, Long Acre. July 2. — In the House of Lords, Lord Lamington raises a discussion on the subject of annexation in the Pacific. Lord Lamington made a lengthy statement as to the course of events with regard to the annexation of New Guinea by Queensland. The Government had found nothing in the detailed explanation re- ceived from the colony to account satisfactorily for the action taken, and they were not prepared to give their sanction to what had been done. — T. Healy (Parnellite) elected for Monaghan by a majority of 265 votes over his Conservative opponent, Mr. Munro. — Died, aged 73, Dr. Strain, Roman Catholic Archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh. — Died, in Tallaght convent, near Dublin, from cancer, aged 53, Father Burke, a dis- tinguished Dominican preacher. 3 . — While public feeling was still excited by the sad calamity which overtook the young folks in Sunderland little over a fortnight since, there occurred on the Clyde to-day, within the harbour of Glasgow, a tragedy almost equal- ling it in the number involved, and of far more serious consequence, inasmuch as the whole of the sufferers were grown-up men or strong young lads engaged for the most part in their ordinary daily work. A small vessel of un- happy memory, known as the Daphne , of about 500 tons fell to be launched from the building yard of Messrs. Stephen and Sons, Govan. She cleared the “ ways ” without any mishap, but on entering the water heeled over and sank almost immediately. As was usual at this time many workmen — about 200 it was thought — were engaged pushing on the work of finishing the vessel as joiners, fitters, liveters, or labourers. All went down with the sinking vessel. Everything possible was done to save life by those on shore, small boats being manned and ropes and loose timber thrown into the river. By such means a considerable number of men struggling in the water were rescued. Many of the workmen, however, were in the interior part of the vessel, and so sudden was the accident that they did not succeed in reach- ing the deck, death overtaking the poor fellows in the submerged hull while carrying on their customary duties as workmen. Forty-one bodies were recovered in the course of this afternoon and evening. Eleven were taken out next day, when a check was put to the recovery of bodies till the unfortunate vessel could be pumped dry and raised. A message of condolence was received from the Queen. 3 . — Industrial Exhibition at Cork opened by Lord Bandon. — Tramway accident at Huddersfield, a chain working the brake of a steam-car having snapped on a steep incline, the vehicle thereby acquiring such extreme velocity that on reach- ing a curve easily enough taken on ordinary occasions, it turned completely over with all its passengers. Two were killed instantane- ously, three others died at the Infirmary during the afternoon, and two next day. About thirty persons sustained injuries. The Coroner’s jury returned a verdict of accidental death, but severely censured the driver foi having had the valves open in disobedience to orders, thereby preventing the action of the automatic brake. The jury further recommended various altera- tions in order to avoid sharp curves and steep gradients. 4 . — The Select Committee of the House of Commons which for thirty-seven days had been considering the Manchester Ship Canal Bill conclude their labours. The Chairman stated that the Committee had determined to pass the preamble of the bill imposing several stringent conditions upon the promoters. — The Lord Chief Justice of England pre- sides at a banquet in St. James’s Hall given to Mr. Henry Irving on his leaving England for a tour in the United States. There were about five hundred guests, including a number of the most distinguished names in the political, literary and artistic worlds. — The inquest at Sunderland on the bodies of the children killed at the Victoria Hall was concluded this evening, when the jury returned H2S JULY 1883 JULY a verdict that the deaths had been caused by suffocation owing to the partial closing of the door on the staircase, but by whom it was bolted there was not sufficient evidence to show. They censured the manager of the en- tertainment for not having provided a sufficient number of care-takers and assistants, and re- commended the removal of the door. 5 . — Professor Huxley elected President of the Royal Society in succession to the late Mr. William Spottiswoode, — - Riotous proceedings among ironworkers on strike in the Staffordshire district. — - A murderous outrage committed early this morning at Raheen, county Clare. Three or four disguised men broke into the house of a farmer, and seizing him as he lay asleep, fired several shots from revolvers which shattered his knee in a frightful manner. The farmer had taken land from which a widow and her family had been evicted. — Fire at Friedrichstadt on the Dvina ; fifty buildings including the Post-office, de- stroyed. — Died suddenly, being found on the floor of his bed-room, John Winston Spencer- Churchill, seventh Duke of Marlborough, Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland during the administration of Lord Beaconsfield 1876-80. His Grace was born 1822. — Died, aged 93, Rev. John Abbiss, Rector of St. Bartholomew the Great, Smithfield, for the long period of 68 years. 6 . — In the House of Commons, at the morning sitting, Mr, S. Howard (East Cum- berland) moved that it be an instruction to the Committee on the Ennerdale Railway Bill to inquire whether the proposed railway will interfere with the enjoyment of the public who annually visit the English Lake District by spoiling the scenery. The motion was, on a division, carried by 78 to 42 votes. — Great fight between Cetewayo and Oham ; former defeated with heavy loss. 9 . — Mr. Childers informs the House that Government had arranged to purchase a portion of the Ashburnham Manuscripts for ,£45,000. — While speaking at a meeting of his sup- porters in Darlington Mr. Bradlaugh received a telegram announcing that the House of Commons had passed a resolution excluding him from the House until he undertook not to disturb its proceedings. Mr. Bradlaugh re- marked that one illegality more or less did not matter. Pie was sorry the House was so weak, but he meant to continue the struggle. — Died, aged 86, Retired Commander Francis Harris, R.N., served as a midshipman on board the TemSraire at Trafalgar. 10. — Sir E. J. Reed, M.P., opens at Glas- gow, on behalf of the Government, an inquiry mto the cause of the sinking of the Daphne 1426 at Linthouse. Mr. Alexander Stephen, Mr. John Stephen, and Mr. Ebenezer Kemp partners of the firm of Messrs. Alexander Stephen & Sons, made statements in regard to the construction of the Daphne , the posi- tion of the machinery on board at the time of the launch, and the manner of the catas- trophe. Four more bodies were recovered to- day, bringing the total up to eighty. At a preliminary meeting for the purpose of arrang- ing the business of the public meeting to be held to-day in Glasgow, subscriptions to the amount of ,£8,500 were announced, Messrs. Stephen contributing ,£5,000. 10. — New building of the Chelsea Hospital for Women opened by the Duchess of Albany. 11. — Replying to Sir Stafford Northcote Mr. Gladstone states that very grave events had happened in Madagascar, respecting which ex- planations had been demanded from the French Government. After the occupation of Tama- tave on the 14th ult., the British Consul, who was very ill, had been ordered to leave within twenty-four hours, but had died within that time ; his secretary had been arrested in his presence ; communication between the British man-of-war and the shore had been stopped by the French Admiral ; all Consular flags had been hauled down, and a missionary of the London Missionary Society had been thrown into prison. — The Chancellor of the Exchequer makes a statement of the terms of the provisional agreement come to between the Government and the Suez Canal Company respecting the construction of a new Canal, to be as nearly as possible parallel with the present, and to be finished by the end of 1888. “The dues are to be gradually reduced from a maximum of ten francs to a minimum of five francs per ton. An Englishmen is on the first vacancy to be appointed vice-president, and other important offices are to be filled by Englishmen. Finally, the Government are to use their influence to obtain a concession for the construction of the canal, and to lend in instalments as needed ,£8,000,000 sterling at 35 percent, to be repaid in fifty years.” — The members of the Savage Club give a musical and dramatic entertainment and ball at the Albert Hall, London, with the object of providing funds for a “Savage” scholarship in the Royal College of Music. A large and brilliant gathering, including the Prince and Princess of Wales, rendered the project a complete success. — Died, aged 79, the very Rev. Archi- bald Boyd, Dean of Exeter, one of the ablest leaders of the Evangelical party, and for nearly thirty years a voluminous author on religious and theological subjects. 12 . — Disastrous floods reported from Ontario (Canada). JULY 1883 JULY 13 . — Died, Ranavolana II., Queen of Mada- gascar. — Died in London, aged 68, John Bruce Norton, for some years Advocate-General, and member of the Legislative Council of Madras ; author of Norton’s Law of Evidence. 14 . — The proposed agreement between the Government and M. de Lesseps for the con- struction and administration of a second Suez Canal continues to provoke unfavourable criticism ; and now resolutions condemn- ing the provisional scheme are passed by the North of England Steamship Owners’ Association and the Hull Chamber of Com- merce. Dissatisfaction was also expressed in a meeting of merchants and manufacturers at Birmingham. — Discovery by Mr. H. M. Stanley of a new lake, called Mantumba, in Central Africa. — The sale of the third portion of the Beckford library, by Messrs. Sotheby, ex- tending over twelve days, concluded. Amount realised ^12,852, bringing up the total to ^ 35 , 705 - — National fetes in honour of the Republic celebrated throughout France. — Died at Vienna, aged 55, Baron Heinrich Herstel, architect, founder of the new Uni- versity of Vienna. 15 . — Died, aged 45, Charles Heyw’ood Strat- ton, better known as “ General Tom Thumb.” 16 . — A young officer named Vere, whilst playing at lawn tennis at Bedford, suddenly drew a pistol from his pocket, shot a young lady through the heart, and himself through the head. In both cases death was almost instantaneous. — Died, aged 69, Edward Backhouse East- wick, C.B., distinguished Oriental scholar. — Died, aged 87, John Whyte-Melville, Chancellor of St. Andrews University. 17 . — M. Waddington appointed French Ambassador to London. — A boat propelled by stored electricity ran from the Temple Pier to Greenwich in 37 minutes. 18 . — Foundation stone of the Institute of Science, Art, and Literature at York, laid with full masonic honours by the Prince of Wales. 19 . — Died, aged 84, Rev. Alfred Theophilus Lee, LL.D., D.C.L., Preacherto the Honour- able Society of Gray’s Inn. 20. — In the Commons the Attorney- General, Sir H. James, moves that leave be given to the Sergeant-at-Arms to appear and plead in an action brought against him by Mr. Bradlaugh. Sir H. Giffard, who moved the adjournment of the debate, pointed out that for the first time it was proposed to challenge the right of the House to control its own busi- ness within its own walls, and expressed his opinion that the matter should be referred to a Committee. Part was taken in the debate which ensued by the Solicitor-General, Mr. Gorst, Sir S. North cote, Mr. Labouchere, Mr. H. Davey, Mr. Gibson, and the motion having eventually been agreed to, the Attorney-General was directed to defend the Sergeant-at-Arms. 20. — The steamer Daphne is at length com- pletely floated, and laid alongside the yard at 1 inthouse. All the bodies included in the official list were now recovered, bringing up the total loss of life to 124. — Died, aged 54, Tu Due, Emperor of Annam. — Died, aged 72, Rev. Thomas Rawdon Birks, M.A,, Professor of Moral Philosophy, Cambridge University. 21 . — In the Court of Arches Lord Penzance pronounces sentence of deprivation against Mr. Mackonochie, late incumbent of St. Albans, Holborn, London, and condemned him in costs. — Lord Rosebery presented with the free- dom of the City of Edinburgh. — Died at Brompton, aged 65 years, Charles Vacher, water-colour artist. 23 . — In the House of Lords Earl Granville announces that the Government had resolved, in view’ of the large amount of opposition which had manifested itself in Parliament and through- out the country, and considering the late period of the session and the large amount of business still to be transacted, to abandon the provisional agreement entered into with M. de Lesseps for the construction of a second Suez Canal. Lord Salisbury congratulated the noble Earl on the wisdom of the course adopted by the Govern- ment, and expressed the belief that the scheme would have proved disastrous to the commer- cial and shipping interests of this country. — In the High Court of Justiciary, Edin- burgh, yesterday, ten men were charged with participation in the disturbances at Strome Ferry on Sunday, 3d June, and found guilty of mobbing and rioting. The jury, how- ever, recommended them to the leniency of the Court on account of their ignorance of the law and the strong religious convictions they held against Sabbath desecration. They were each sentenced to four months’ imprisonment. — Died, aged 55, Major-General Patrick Robertson Ross, C.B. ; served in the Kaffir War of 1850-51, and throughout the Crimean campaign. 24 . — Notwithstanding all the precautions adopted, cholera is reported as having broken out in the British army of occupation in Egypt. The first cases appear to have occurred in the 42d Regiment, recently removed from Cairo to Suez, but there are also cases in the 79th Regi- ment, and among other troops stationed in the citadel at Cairo. 1427 JULY 1883 AUGUST 24 . — Sir Richard Temple elected president of the Social Science Association in room of Mr. Hastings, M.P., resigned. This year’s meeting of the Association took place in Huddersfield. (See Index.) — The Manchester Ship Canal Bill read a second time in the House of Lords, the motion for the suspension of the standing orders to allow of this having been carried by 87 to 84 votes. — Captain Webb drowned while attempt- ing to swim the Niagara Rapids, The body was found in the Niagara river at Lewiston, seven miles below the Falls. — Died, aged 86, General Sir Thomas Reed, G.C.B., served at the battle of Waterloo, and received great credit for his services during the Indian Mutiny. 25 . Died at Brescia, aged 51, Lieutenant- General Carrillo Lombardini, Italian soldier and patriot. 26 . — Died, aged 82, General Sir William Fenwick Williams, of Kars, G.C.B,, whose gallant defence of Kars will always occupy a prominent place in the records of British valour; Governor of Gibraltar from 1870-75, and ap- pointed Constable of the Tower of London in 1881. 28 . — The sitting of the House of Commons which began at two o’clock yesterday after- noon was protracted to ten minutes past four o’clock this (Saturday) morning by the Irish members, who made a determined stand against the introduction of the Irish Constabulary Bill at an hour when the country could not be made acquainted with the character of the measure. Eventually, the Chief Secretary, for the purpose of getting the bill placed on the orders of the day, formally moved for leave to bring it in without making any explanation respecting its provisions, and the debate was at once ad- journed. — One of the most appalling disasters of recent years reported as having occurred this (Saturday) evening on the little island of Ischia, which lies outside the Bay of Naples. About half- past nine shocks of earthquake were felt, and these continued with great violence until the town of Casamicciola was a mass of ruins. “ At this season of the year,” it was said, “the island is thronged with summer visitors, many of them belonging to the most fashionable society of Rome and Naples.” No accurate estimate could be formed of the loss of life by the catastrophe, but it was variously stated at from 1,000 to 3,000. “ Cer- tainly the number must be very great, as the island population, always dense, is at the present moment, exceptionally large. The shocks were felt in the town of Forio on the west coast of the island, and also in the neigh- bourhood of Pozzuoli, a town lying a little to the west of Naples, but apparently with less 1428 intensity. The search of the ruins of Casamic- ciola is being conducted with the utmost energy, and the wounded are being removed as rapidly as possible to Naples.” 28 . — A distinct decrease is reported as having taken place in the number of deaths from cholera in the Boulak quarter of Cairo, where the mortality has hitherto been greatest. Notwithstanding, however, no fewer than 277 deaths occurred in the city in the twenty-four hours ending at eight o’clock this morning, and 322 in the next twenty-four hours. These included six among the British troops in the Cairo citadel. — A Mr. Terry succeeds in crossing the English Channel from Dover to Calais on a floating tricycle. — Killed in the earthquake at Ischia, aged 52, John Philip Green, Judge of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay. 30 . — James Carey, the notorious Irish in- former, reported as having been shot dead on board the Melrose , at Port Elizabeth, South Africa, by a passenger named O’Donnell. Carey, along with his wife and family, sailed a few weeks since for the Cape. On reaching Cape Town they were transferred to the Melrose , and it was understood that the assas- sination of Carey took place whilst the vessel was in Port Elizabeth harbour discharging cargo. Extraordinary precautions had been adopted by the Dublin police to conceal Carey’s destination, but these were to a large extent frustrated by his own behaviour and that of his family. Carey appears to have been tracked first to London and afterwards to the Cape. It was believed that O’Donnell must have gone to South Africa by some steamer which joined the Melrose at the Cape. The news of Carey’s death caused much excitement throughout the country, more especially in Dublin, where his end was not regarded with much regret. 31 . — In the House of Lords Earl Derby states, in answer to Lord Emly, that the Government were most anxious to promote emigration from the congested districts of Ireland. A proposal had been made that the Government should advance a million sterling for ten years without interest to the railway companies of Canada for the transport and settlement of about 10,000 families, each of whom would receive 150 acres, a house, and other necessaries. The Government offered to advance the money to the Canadian Govern- ment, but the latter declined to undertake any responsibility. Her Majesty’s Government, however, had by no means abandoned the scheme, and they were hopeful of its being successfully carried out. August 1 . — The new Parcels Post comes into operation. It was stated that during the first four days the new post was in operation AUGUST 1883 AUGUST nearly 30,000 parcels were delivered in London alone ; the number collected in the Metropolis during the same period amounting to about 70,000. The deliveries on the second day showed an increase of 6,000 on the first day. On the third day there was a further increase of 2,000, and on the fourth day a still further increase of 1,000. The number of parcels de- livered on the fourth day was about 10,000. 1. — A papyrus offered by Mr. Shapira to the British Museum, purporting to give an authentic account of the journeyings of the children of Israel in the Wilderness, differ- ing in certain respects, chronological and geographical, from the accepted text of Deu- teronomy. Shapira stated that he first heard of the document in July, 1878, from Arabs, who told him in Jerusalem of some little black fragments of writing, smelling of asphalte, possessed by an Arab in the neigh- bourhood of the Arnon. They were said to have been found by certain Arabs, hiding in a rocky cavern, at a time of persecu- tion, in 1865, and who believed them to be talismans. The Trustees of the British Museum, to whom the manuscript was offered for ^10,000, referred the question of genuine- ness to a number of scholars, who unhesitat- ingly declared the writings to be clumsy and modern forgeries. Two Leipsic scholars, Dr. Herman and Professor Guthe, had previously pronounced them genuine. — Crowded meeting in Willis’s Rooms, London, to support Lord Ripon’s policy in India as defined, first, by Mr. Ilbert’s Bill to facilitate the admission of duly qualified natives to the highest official ranks, and to render administration more effective by removing the disqualifications of natives as compared with Europeans ; and, secondly, by his local self- government scheme. Mr. Bright, who pre- sided, said the subject had given rise to con- siderable clamour in India and great divergence of opinion in this country. Mr. Ilbert’s Bill, which caused this discussion, was intended to admit three or four of the natives of India — lawyers, magistrates, and judges — to the exer- cise of certain powers which they did not now possess. It would not have the slightest effect upon three-fourths of the English population. The Bill was only carrying out provisions of the law as it stood from 1833 to 1858, pro- viding that race, colour, and creed should not interfere with the distribution of offices. It was objected that the effect of this measure would be to set class against class, but. his opinion was such a measure of generosity must break down the barriers of discontent. — Sir Claude C. de Crespigny and Mr. J. Simmons left Maldon (Essex) in a balloon at II p.m , and two hours and a half later lost sight of the shores of England, sailing at an altitude of about 10,000 feet. At about 6 a.m., having meanwhile shot up to a height of 17,000 feet, they sighted land, and soon after- wards safely descended close to Flushing, the actual distance, about 140 miles, having been accomplished in less than seven hours. 3 . — Home Secretary writes to the Mayor of Birmingham, expressing the very high opinion he entertained of the remarkable skill, intelligence, and resource exhibited by the Chief Constable of that city in connection with the recent nitro-glycerine plot. The Watch Committee of the Birmingham Town Council decided to recommend an increase of salary to the chief of the police, and promotion and increase of pay to the other officers directly concerned in the case. — Judgment delivered at Nyieregyhaza, in the case of the fifteen Hungarian Jews charged with the murder of the girl Esther Solymosi at Tisza Esslar. All the accused were ac- quitted, and the State was ordered to pay the cost of the trial. — Rev. Dr. Barry appointed Bishop of Sydney and Metropolitan of the Australian Church. 5 . — To-day (Sunday) while the Isle of Man screw-steamer Mona was lying outside the Mersey, the Spanish steamer Rita , outward bound to Havanna, ran into her amidships and cut her in two. She sank almost immedi- ately. There were only two lady passengers, besides the crew, on board the Mona , and they succeeded in escaping in boats, to be afterwards taken on board the Formby Light- ship, for Liverpool. 6. — The National Eisteddfod of Wales opened at Cardiff, the Marquis of Bute de- livering the inaugural address. Prizes to the amount of ;£ 1,500 were given, for which 3,500 competitors entered. — Mass meeting, held in Trafalgar Square to support Mr. Bradlaugh’s claim to take his seat, very largely attended. — Mutiny among the Spanish troops at Badajos ; speedily checked by the energetic measures of the Government. — The Lady Godiva procession takes place at Coventry in presence of over a hundred thousand spectators. The central character was personated by Miss Maude Forrester, a London equestrienne, and several other histori- cal personages were represented in the caval- cade. A correspondent signing himself “A Lineal Descendant of Leofric and Godiva ” wrote to the Times enumerating the various versions of the Lady Godiva legend, and re- jecting them all on the ground that at the time the famous ride is said to have taken place the town of Coventry did not exist. 7 . — Queen’s proclamation issued, authoriz- ing the annexation of Sherboro and other terri- tories upon th£ African West Coast. 1429 AUG UST 1 883 AUGUST 7 . — The Agricultural Holdings Rill for Eng- land read a second time in the House of Lords. The Scotch Bill was read a second time on the 9th. — The report of Mr. Hugh Shield, Q.C., M.P., who represented the Home Secretary at the inquiries into the Sunderland disaster, presented to Parliament. Mr. Shield con- curred in the recommendation of the jury that the swing-door should be removed, and al- though of opinion that no individual was guilty of such negligence as would support a criminal charge, he considered Mr. Fay, who gave the entertainment, and Mr. Coates, who had the letting of the hall, censurable in a high degree for not making proper arrangements. Judging from what they did and what they omitted to do, they appeared to think of nothing but the collection of the money. S. — Five Irishmen, named Deasey, Flan- nigan, Featherstone, O’Herlihy, and Dalton, tried at Liverpool on the charge of conspiracy to destroy public buildings with dynamite. Four of them sentenced to penal servitude for life. — Luther Commemorations, carried on throughout the year at various places con- nected with the Reformer’s life, commenced at Erfurt. — M‘Kie collection of Bums literature and relics formally handed over by the com- mittee of subscribers to the Kilmarnock Town Council, custodians of the Kilmarnock Burns Monument Museum. 9 . — The Queen gives the benefit of her in- fluence to the co-operative movement. In a letter written by Sir Henry Ponsonby to the chairman of the Co-operative Wholesale Society (Limited) he states that Her Majesty has received with pleasure the annual report of the society for 1883. “The Queen,” he adds, “is glad to learn the success of a movement which not only encourages thrift, but which also teaches the habits of business and pro- motes education among a large and important body of her people.” — Died at Hildenborough, near Tunbridge Wells, aged 88, Dr. Robert Moffat, African traveller and missionary, whose daughter was the wife of Dr. Livingstone. 10. — Freehold of the old City of London School, in Honey-lane Market, privately sold for ^65,000, less 5 per cent. — The Governor of Salonica seized by brigands in his own town, carried off to the mountains, and held to ransom, ultimately paid by the Turkish Government. 11. — The Postmaster-General issues an official circular acknowdedging the very zealous and efficient manner in which all ranks of the 1430 service discharged the arduous duties devolv- ing upon them in connection with the in- troduction of the Parcels Post. — Princess Larka, daughter of the Prince of Montenegro, married to Prince Karageorge- witch, Servian Pretender. 12. — A colossal statue, by the sculptor Barrias, commemorative of the siege of Paris, 1870-71, unveiled at Courbevoie. — Died at .Stockholm, aged 56, Dr. T. F. Grafstrom, Swedish pastor and poet. 3 . — Ceremony of laying foundation stone of the Bute Engineering Company’s dry dock at Cardiff performed by the Marchioness and Marquis of Bute. The new dock is to be 100 feet long and 88 feet wide, and will be the most capacious in South Wales. 14 . — Destruction by fire of a lunatic asylum at Southall, near Ealing. Five of the inmates burned to death, including the proprietor Dr. Boyd, and his son. 15 . — Meeting held in Edinburgh under the presidency of Mr. Dundas, of Arniston, Con- vener of the County, to appoint a Central Committee in connection with the proposed national testimonial to the Luke of Buc- cleuch. — A crowd of excited depositors assemble in and around the City and Provincial Penny Bank, near Oxford Street, in consequence of a rumour of the Bank’s insecurity. The premises were stormed and completely wrecked. The directors have issued a statements flow- ing that the report was a malicious one, and that they have really a surplus of about ^300. — Loss of life at the Wheal Agar Mine, Cornwall, the rope which was drawing up the skip or gig, on which w r ere thirteen men, snapped just as the bank was reached, and, though one of the party had jumped off and was saved, the other twelve were precipitated down the shaft, a depth of 225 fathoms. All were killed instantaneously, their bodies being mangled almost beyond recognition. At Raith colliery, situated about six miles to the east of Dunfermline, seven men were ascending yester- day afternoon on the cage when the engineman allowed it to be overwound. The men were thrown about in all directions with terrible violence. Two of them were killed on the spot, and another died shortly afterwards, while the other four sustained serious injuries. — Private Montgomery, of 9th Lanark Volunteers, who, with a score of 92, won the Caledonian Shield at the last Edinburgh Rifle Meeting, apprehended at the instance of the secretary of the Mid- Lothian Rifle Association, and charged with obtaining the prizes which accompany the Shield by falsehood, fraud, and wilful imposition. AUGUST A UGUST 1883 15 . — The French advance from Hanoi, but the force proved inadequate for the work that was attempted, and had to return, with the loss of about twelve men killed and fifty seriously wounded. 17 . — During the excavations carried on by the French school at Athens in the island of Delos, a private house was discovered near the theatre of Apollo. A court surrounded by pillars and twelve rooms were thus far re- vealed, the floor of the court of beautiful mosaic, containing flowers, fishes, and other ornaments, and in the middle of the court a cistern full of water. 18 . — Protracted and disorderly sitting in the House of Commons, members meeting at noon, to-day (Saturday), and sitting till two o’clock on Sunday morning. When the Irish votes in Supply came on for discussion, Mr. Healy delivered a speech of exceptional bitterness, and brought down upon himself an earnest re- buke and expostulation from Mr. Gladstone, who said such language could only stimulate and inflame national hatred. Other Irish mem- bers gave vent repeatedly to language of extreme violence, and the Chairman threat- ened to name Mr. Biggar and Mr. Callan for unseemly interruptions and offensive expres- sions. — Opening of the Vatican. Pope Leo XIII. addressed a letter to the Cardinals Antonio di Luca, Giov. Batt. Pitra, and Her- genrother, complaining of the unfairness wi>h which the past history of the Papacy had been treated by authors, and announcing that the treasures of the Vatican library, hitherto kept secret, would be placed at the service of his- torians for literary investigation. — Serious party riots break out in Coat- bridge district, Lanarkshire, where a consider- able amount of excitement and bad feeling had existed since the Orange demonstration on the 1 2th of July. To-day a great demonstration of Home Rulers was held, in which not only the Irishmen of the district, but others from various parts of the country, took part. The proces- sion, numbering about 3, coo persons, passed through the streets without obstruction until they reached the Sunnyside quarter, where a large body of Orangemen lying in wait attacked them with great violence. Many persons were injured by stones and otherwise, but the police succeeded in turning the procession into an- other street. The Home Rulers held a meeting in Cowheath Park, and on their return to the town another fight of an even fiercer character took place. Commander M ‘Hardy, Captain Stewart, and other members of the police force receiving serious injuries by stone- throwing. Rioting renewed next day (Sunday). — Dr. Vaughan, Roman Catholic Arch- bishop of Sydney, found dead in bed this morning at the residence of Mr. Weld Blun- dell, Ince Blundell, near Liverpool. The Arch- bishop was on a visit to Mr. Blundell, and had only recently come to this country on his way to Rome to visit the Pope at the Vatican as re- presenting the Archbishopric of Sydney. De- ceased was in his 50th year. 18 .— Died at Botzen in the Tyrol, aged 67, Baron Von Wiillerstorf-Urbain, Vice-Admiral of the Austrian Navy, and a distinguished man of science. — Died, aged 81, William Dindorf, cele- brated Greek scholar, and editor of the Greek Classics. 20. — Replying to Lord Salisbury in the Lords, Earl Granville stated that Mr. Shaw, the missionary at Tamatave, against whom there are charges of having acted in complicity with the Hovas in opposition to the French troops, was not imprisoned, but detained on board a French man-of-war. In the Com- mons, Mr. Gladstone made a similar explana- tion, and on Sir Stafford Northcote announcing that he would repeat his inquiries next day, the Prime Minister said he would be obliged in the public interest to refuse to give any further answer. — The Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, accom- panied by Lady Spencer, passes through Cork on his way to Earl Bandon’s residence, whose guest he was to be for a week. Extraordinary precautions were taken by the police, the rail- way for a distance of twenty miles being patrolled from an early hour in the morning. The reception of the Viceregal party in the streets of Cork was generally cordial. — Result of Sligo election declared, the figures being — Mr. Lynch (Home Ruler), 1545; Mr. O’Hara (Conservative), 983; majority for Nationalist candidate, 562. 21. — Replying to questions touching the imprisoned Strome Ferry rioters, Sir William Harcourt said the language held by the friends of the prisoners in justification or palliation of their offence made it impossible, with due respect to law, to exercise leniency in the case. If, however, it were true that the men them- selves have expressed their sincere regret for the offence into which they were betrayed, and if that view of the matter were frankly ac- cepted by those who advocated their cause, he would at the expiration of two months of the sentence consult with the learned Judge as to whether the remainder might safely be remitted. — Intelligence reaches New York of ter- rible results produced by a tornado that broke over the south-eastern part -of Minnesota yes- terday. A large portion of the town of Rochester was completely wrecked, and the number of those killed estimated at hundreds. One incident of the disaster recalled to some extent the Tay Bridge catastrophe, a train on the Rochester and Northern Railway having been blown off the line, killing twenty or thirty passengers, and injuring as many more. 1431 AUGUST 1883 A UGUST 22. — In the Lords, the Agricultural Hold- ings Bills, as sent back from the Commons, were considered. On the English Bill Lord Salisbury insisted on his amendment that “no compensation should be claimed for any im- provement where the agreement fixing the rent was made on condition that such improve- ment should be executed by the tenant.” The Duke of Richmond would not support the amendment. A division was taken, and forty- eight voted on each side. On a second vote, the amendment was carried by a majority of one. The amendments to the Scotch Bill which were objected to by the Commons were then abandoned, with the exception of a similar one to that proposed by the Marquis of Salisbury in the English Bill. 24 -. — Lord Coleridge, Lord Chief Justice of England, accompanied by Mr. C. Russell, Q.C., and other members of the English Bar, arrive at New York on a visit to the United States, as guests of the Bench and Bar of that nation. — Rev. J. Chinnery-Haldane consecrated Bishop of Argyll and the Isles in room of the late Dr. Mackarness. — Lord Carlingford, Lord Bramwell, and Mr. Mundella, M. P., arbitrators appointed to decide upon the site of North Wales College, meet to-day at the Privy Council Office, and unanimously decided that the new College, to which Government will contribute ,£4,000 per annum, should be at Bangor. — Died at Frohsdorf, aged 62, Comte de Chambord, Bourbon heir to the throne of France. 25 . — Fourth session of the tenth Parliament of Queen Victoria prorogued by Royal Com- mission. Respecting the condition of Ireland, satisfaction was expressed as to the working of the Land Act, although much was still to be desired with regard to the disposal of appeals. There was a marked diminution of agrarian crime, while associations having murder for their object had been broken up, and the offenders brought to justice. — Died at Venice, aged 80, Rawdon Brown, archivist, editor of “The Calendar of Venetian btate Papers.” — Died, aged 85, Charles Trelawney, the veteran west country sportsman. 26 . — Destructive volcanic eruption in the Eastern Archipelago, Krakatoa, in the Straits of Sunda, being the centre of action, but its effects were felt with terrible force both in Java and Sumatra. The loud report which heralded the eruption was heard at Soura- Karta, in the middle of Java, four hundred miles away, while ashes fell in Cheribon, two hundred miles distant. The eruption was followed next day by an enormous tidal wave, 1432 which, in its progress, swept several towns in Sumatra and Java quite out of existence. The lighthouses in the Sunda Straits all disappeared, and the bed of the channel was so altered by the disturbance that navigation became ex- tremely dangerous. Only an approximation (50,000 was set down) could be formed of the loss of life and destruction of property. For miles every green thing was wrapped in a pall of grey dust, while in the places adjacent to the Straits the showers of dust were accompanied by great quantities of mud and stones. — Official telegrams received at Paris state that the forts and batteries situated at the mouth of the Hue River, Annam, had been bombarded and occupied by French forces. The operations lasted three days, and included a land attack. It was added that whilst the French loss was nominal, the Annamites had seven hundred men killed and a large number wounded. A truce was granted by the French Admiral, and Commissioner Harmand passed to Hue to treat wiih the Annamite Court, where great alarm prevailed. A draft treaty stipulated for the confirmation of the pro- tectorate of France, with guarantees for its main- tenance. The Annamites were also to be asked to pay an indemnity to France for the cost of the war — the French to retain possession of the forts at the mouth of the Hue river until com- plete payment has been made. — Shaw, the Madagascar missionary, set at liberty by the French. In the telegram received at Paris announcing this event, Ad- miral Pierre states that “the proceedings against Mr. Shaw have resulted in a decision that there was no ground for the charges against him.” 27 . — Serious collisions reported as having occurred in the English Channel. The most calamitous took place early yesterday (Sunday) morning, when the French Transatlantic steamer St. Germain ran down the Newcastle steamer Woodburn , which sank almost im- mediately, and eighteen persons, including the only passenger, were drowned. Fortunately the weather was perfectly calm, or the accident might have assumed appalling dimensions. The French steamer was cn a voyage from Havre to New York with about 600 passengers on board, and as her condition was considered critical they were all transferred to the tug Recovery, which had the IVoodburn in tow when the collision took place. The two vessels reached Plymouth Sound in the after- noon. The IVoodburn was on a voyage from Madras, and having met with an accident had been towed from Lisbon. She was a vessel of 1,153 t° ns j while the St. Germain was 4,000 tons. The other collision took place on the evening of the 26th, off Ushant, between the German steamer Palermo and the English steamer Rivoli. The latter sank and five of her crew were drowned. AUGUST 1883 SEPTEMBER 27 . — Announcement made of the death of Queen Ranovalomanjaka II., of Madagascar, after an eventful reign of 15 years. Her Majesty was a woman of extraordinary force of character, succeeding as she did in changing the religion of her country and abolishing many national customs of a barbarous kind. Under her rule the slave trade almost ceased to exist, while the system of domestic servi- tude was divested of its most objectionable features. — News received from India confirmatory of the revolt of the Ghilzais, and a new rumour- circulated to the effect that the Ameer had been assassinated by his nephew, Azig Khan. 28 . — Thirteen men sentenced to death at Alexandria for complicity in the massacres. 29 . — Lord Rosebery opens the Free Library presented to Dunfermline by Mr. Andrew Carnegie. 30 . — Died at Fareham, Hants, aged 92, Admiral Robert Patton ; served as a midship- man on board the Bellerophon at Trafalgar. September 1. — A violent gale, continued over two days, sweeps over the south and south-west of England. Grain and fruit crops sustained considerable damage, and from the coasts the reports of shipping casualties were of a serious description. The British barque G. J. Jones, of Newport, bound to Falmouth, was wrecked a few miles from Penzance, and the pilot with eleven of the crew of thirteen perished. Of the two rescued one was a boy saved from the rocks by some women, who bravely waded into surf. — An official return issued in Cairo gives the number of deaths from the cholera epidemic to August 21 at 27,318. This included 140 among the British troops. — Loango (West Coast of Africa) burnt by the French. This day also the blockade of Tonquin ports was proclaimed by Admiral Courbet. 2. — Wreck of the steamship Iris, belonging to the Londonderry Steam Packet Company, off Innistrahull. The disaster took place at three o’clock. A seaman climbed the rock on which the vessel struck, and by means of a ladder secured the escape of the passengers. When it was thought that all had got off the wreck a cry was heard, and the carpenter made his way back to the ship, where he found a woman and her child who had not awakened till all the others had left the vessel. A* daybreak assistance was obtained, and tugs sent out to the Iris to land the passengers. At an official inquiry by the Board of Trade, the Court found that the vessel was not navi- gated with seamanlike care, and the master with his mate being in default their certificates were suspended for three months. — Frightful railway accident at Staglitz, near Berlin. Whilst a crowd of people were crossing the line to get into a local train, the mail train dashed through, killing thirty nine people, and seriously injuring many others. 3 . — Comte de Chambord (Henri V.), after lying in state at Frohsdorf, buried with great solemnity in the Cathedral of Gortz, by the side of the bodies of Charles X., Due d’Angouleme, and the Duchess of Parma. — Died at Cambridge, aged 81, Henry John Hayles Bond, M.D., for twenty-one years Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Cambridge. — Died at Baugival, near Paris, aged 64, Ivan Turguenieff, Russian novelist. 4 . — The Queen confers the Order of the Garter on Prince Albert Victor at Balmoral. — At the Shire Hall, Taunton, Mr. Lowell, American Minister, unveiled, in pre- sence of a large assembly, a bust of Henry Fielding, novelist, who was born in the neigh- bourhood of Glastonbury. Mr. Lowell, in speaking of Fielding’s works and style, de- scribed him as not merely original, but an originator, and designated him in the words of Byron, ‘ ‘ the prose Homer of human nature. ” — Marwood, public executioner, died at Horncastle, Lincolnshire. 5 . — Erection of the permanent Observatory on Ben Nevis commenced. At a meeting of the directors of the Observatory, held in Edinburgh, Mr. R. T. Omond, a distinguished student of Edinburgh University, was appointed superin- tendent of the Observatory. — By a decision arrived at to-day in the Newcastle-on-Tyne Town Council, the read- ing-room of the Public Library of that town is to be open on Sundays from three in the after- noon till nine at night. — A disastrous hurricane passed over the island of Dominica, uprooting the largest trees of the forests, carrying destruction through the villages, and inflicting damage estimated at ^100,000 on Roseau, the capital of the island. — According to the latest telegrams from South Africa, Cetewayohad again refused to meet Mr. Osborne, the British Resident, and maintained an increasingly hostile attitude. It was also reported in Durban that British troops were about to be sent into the reserve territory to act as a corps of observation. — Mr. Henry Irving entertained to a banquet in the Fine Art Galleries by the members of the Glasgow Pen and Pencil Club. Mr. James Richardson presided, and proposed the toast of the evening. Mr. Irving, in responding, said that nowhere was the decline of prejudice against stage plays more marked than in Scot- land. He looked back with pleasure to the f ict that it was the playgoers of Glasgow and Edinburgh who were the first to stimulate his 14 33 SEPTEMBER 1883 SEPTEMBER ambition by their generous encouragement, and the first, when success came, to crown it by inspiriting and ungrudging recognition. 5 . — Died at Stuttgart, aged 48, Gerard Francis Gould, C.B. ; entered the Diplomatic Service in 1854. 7 . — The trial of George Easton, engine- driver, on a charge of culpable homicide in connection with the recent fatal railway acci- dent at Lockerbie, brought to a close at Dumfries Circuit Court. After consulting a few minutes, the jury returned a unanimous verdict of not guilty. 8. — A serious outbreak of foot and mouth disease showed itself among the cattle in various parts of the country. — Died, aged 51, Sir Henry Fitzhardinge Berkeley Maxse, K.C.M.G., Governor of New- foundland ; A.D.C. to the Earl of Cardigan in the Crimea ; English translator -of Prince Bismarck’s letters from 1844 to 1870. 10. — Died, aged 65, Right Hon. Hugh Law, Lord Chancellor of Ireland. — Died at Brussels, aged 71, Hendrik Con- science, the most popular of modern Flemish novelists. 11 . — Riot in Canton, resulting in the Euro- pean quarter being sacked by the mob. — Died, Admiral Pierre, the French com- mander at the bombardment of Tamatave. 12. — Died, aged 72, Admiral Sir Richard Collinson, K.C.B., F.R.G.S., Deputy Master of Trinity House. — The Bishop of Liverpool, who had been blamed for attending services of the Established Presbyterian Church of Scotland, publishes an explanation of his conduct, in which he says he is not a member of the Scotch Episcopal Church, and until the Synodical declaration condemning the Gorham judgment, which the Scotch Bishops put forth in 1850, “is withdrawn, cancelled, or in some way repudiated,” he cannot with a good con- science attend the services of “ a Church which has practically declared thousands of English clergymen unsound in the faith. The Estab- lished Church is a sound Protestant Church of Christ, and one for which the canons of 1604 enjoin the faithful to pray.” 13 . — The Imperial Crown Prince of Ger- many, who had been deputed by the Emperor to represent His Majesty at the Luther Fes- tival, arrives at Wittenburg. In opening Luther Hall the Crown Prince delivered an addresss dwelling on the benefits of the Re- formation, and expressing the hope that the festival would help to strengthen Protestant feeling, preserve the German Evangelical Church from disunion, and lay for her the foundation of lasting peace. 1434 14 — The Pembroke Castle , with Mr. Glad- stone and party on board, sails from Kirkwall for Norway at an early hour this morning. — Destructive fire at Cortachy Castle, near Forfar, the seat of the Earl of Airlie, but at present tenanted by the Earl and Countess of Dudley. The whole of the new portion of the Castle, erected about ten years ago at a cost of ^40,000 or ,£50,000, has been destroyed, along with a large portion of its contents. — At the Central Criminal Court William Gouldstone, Walthamstow, is tried for the murder of his five children, three of whom he drowned in a cistern, afterwards killing his twin babies by repeatedly striking them on the head with a hammer. A plea of insanity was set up, but the jury, after only fifteen minutes’ absence, found a verdict of guilty, and the prisoner, who protested his innocence, was sentenced to death. 15 . — The sixteenth session of the Trades’ Union Congress concluded at Nottingham. — Died, aged 80, Sir William Taylor Thompson, K.C.M.G. , C.B., late Minister Plenipotentiary for Persia. 17 . — Failure of the Exchange Bank of Canada. — Died at Maidenhead, aged 94, John Payne Collier, an eminent man of letters and especially distinguished as a Shakespearian critic. In 1850 he was nominated a Vice-Pre- sident of the Society of Antiquaries. Among Mr. Collier’s works may be mentioned his Book of Roxburghe Ballads , History of the Stage, Shakespeare' s Library , Memoirs of the Principal Actors of the Plays of Shakespeare , and his much disputed edition of Shakespeare’s Plays. Mr. Collier also originated various clubs for printing rare specimens of early poetry. 18 . — The Pembroke Castle, with Mr. Glad- stone on board, leaves Copenhagen in the afternoon for London direct. During the short time spent by the Prime Minister at the Danish capital every moment seemed to have been occupied in giving and receiving hospi- tality. On the 17th the right hon. gentleman, along with Mr. Tennyson, Sir Donald Currie, and other members of the party, dined at the Palace of Fredensborg along with the Imperial and Royal guests assembled there at present, including the King and Queen of Denmark, the Emperor and Empress of Russia, the King and Queen of Greece, and the Princess of Wales. After spending the night at the Palace, Mr. Gladstone returned to the Pembroke Castle, on board of which the King and Queen of Den- mark and the whole of the distinguished guests were shortly afterwards entertained. — The prisoner Patrick O’Donnell, charged with the murder of James Carey, landed at Southampton and was taken at once to London. SEPTEMBER 1883 SEPTEMBER In the afternoon he was brought up at Bow- street Police Court, and a remand was granted until Tuesday, by which time the Crown pro- secutor expected the witnesses from the Cape would have arrived. 18 . — A fire, involving the destruction of about ^10,000 worth of property, broke out at the Foreign Cattle Market, Deptford, this after- noon. The conflagration originated in the hay- lofts, and rapidly spread to the adjacent build- ings containing the live cattle. 19 . — -Died, aged 59, G. B. Holman, M.D., late Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals and Fleets. 20. — Foundation stone of the new Sailors’ Home at Leith laid by the Earl of Mar and Kellie. — A tram car, propelled by electricity contained in a Faure’s accumulator, successfully run in Paris. — Riot at Port-au-Prince, Hayti, by the negroes ; the disorders ceased on the threat of bombardment by men-of-war lying in the harbour. — Kings of Spain and Servia arrived at Frankfort to witness German military manoeuv- res on the 24th. The German Emperor ap- pointed the King of Spain to the command of the Schleswig-Holstein Uhlan Regiment. 21 . — The ten Strome Ferry rioters sen- tenced to four months’ imprisonment, released from Calton Jail, Edinburgh, by order of the Home Secretary, after undergoing fifty-six days of their term. Conditions were laid down as to the men leaving Edinburgh by the train at 6 a.m., but only seven of them did so, the other three remaining in the city and attending a meeting of sympathisers in the evening. Dr. Begg, who presided, announced that the subscriptions received would enable them to give each of the men ^50. — Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Tennyson, and the rest of the party who had been sailing for nearly a fortnight in the steamer Pembroke Castle, landed at Gravesend. — Professor Nordenskjold arrives in Thurso from Greenland, and reports that his party penetrated farther into the interior of Green- land than any discoverer had hitherto done. 22. — The German army manoeuvres con- tinued at Erlenbach. As before, the Emperor was accompanied by the Kings of Spain, Saxony, and Servia, the Prince of Wales, and the Dukes of Edinburgh and Connaught. — Died, aged 84, Rev. Henry Stebbing, D.D., F.R.S., miscellaneous writer, first editor of the Athenaeum. 23 . — Proclamation of the National League meeting fixed to take place at Miltown Mal- bay, County Clare, a district which had recently 1435 suffered considerably from outrage and dis- turbance. When the Magistrate was reading the proclamation at the spot fixed for the meeting, where the people had assembled in la'ge numbers, he was subjected to frequent interruption by the parish priest and Mr. Kenny, M.P. , the latter saying he would see about this “ brutal act of scoundrelism in the proper place.” 23 .— Explosion in the rocket factory at Woolwich Arsenal ; a man and a boy killed. 25 . — Died, aged 74, Rev. George Ayliffe Poole, M. A., author of numerous religious and archaeological works. 26 . — Shocking gun accident at Stockabank Farm, near Lancaster. Mr. Neville Holden, son of the Coroner for Lancaster, accompanied by his mother and Miss Dale, his cousin, went out rabbit shooting. Mr. Holden had just fired at a rabbit and was in the act of reloading when his mother spoke to him. In turning to reply to her the charge in the second barrel of the gun was accidentally discharged, and lodged in Mrs. Holden’s breast and arm, Miss Dale being also struck on the side of the face and in the neck. Mrs. Holden died next day, when Miss Dale lay in a critical condition. 27 . — Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice opens the Duthie Public Park at Aberdeen in presence of a large crowd of spectators. The day was observed in the town as a holiday, and several thousands of townspeople walked in procession. This park, which was the gift of Miss Duthie, is about forty-four acres in extent, and cost over ^50,000. Her Royal Highness also opened a bazaar in aid of the funds of the Sick Children’s Hospital. — The rival demonstrations of Orangemen and Nationalists in Dungannon, which had been looked forward to with some trepidation by the peaceable portion of the Irish people, passes off without serious disturbance, thanks to the energetic action of the authorities and to bad weather. Violent speeches were made at both gatherings. — A bronze statue of Sir Francis Drake by Mr. Boehm, presented to Tavistock by the Duke of Bedford, unveiled to-day by the Portreeve. 28 . — At a meeting of the Irish Cattle Trade Association in Dublin, Colonel King-Harman presiding, resolutions are adopted expressing alarm at the restrictions adopted in England and Scotland, which had already paralysed, and if continued would ruin, the Irish cattle trade. — Electric tramway from Portrush to Giant’s Causeway opened by Earl Spencer. — The National Monument of Germany, on the Niederwald, Rudersheim, erected to commemorate the victories and union of Germany in 1870-71, unveiled by the Emperor. GG* SEPTEMBER 883 OCTOBER 28 . — Died, aged 73, Cardinal Deschamps, Primate of Belgium. 29. — The King of Spain, who arrived in Paris on a visit to-day, is made the subject of a disgraceful demonstration. No sooner did his Majesty appear in the streets than a storm of hooting, hissing, and howling arose. This was renewed both on Saturday and Sunday every time the King made his appearance, and there were reports that he would at once leave the city which had proved so inhospitable. He did not do so, however. President Grevy, who had given his Majesty a reception befit- ting his dignity, waited upon him on the 31st and made an apology for the insults to which he had been subjected, and assured him that the mob in no way represented the real senti- ments of the French people. King Alphonso dined with the President in the evening. His Majesty returned to Madrid October 2nd, and received an enthusiastic welcome from his people. — Mr. Alderman Fowler chosen Lord Mayor of London in preference to Alderman Hadley, whose turn it was by rotation. — Died, aged 74, Rev. James Begg, D.D., the trusted leader of a powerful party in the Free Church of Scotland. October 1. — After two days’ trial at Boudry, Miss Booth and the other members of the Salvation Army, charged with breaking Swiss law, are acquitted. — J. A. Burg an, absconding manager of the Union Bank, Birmingham, is apprehended at Havre. He was on board a steamer bound for South America when the Birmingham detective arrested him. — Died, aged 74, Marquis D’Harcourt, formerly French Ambassador to London. 3 . — Sir William Thomson delivers his inaugural address as President of the Birming- ham and Midland Institute, taking as his subject the gateways of knowledge, of which he held there were six, contrary to the common enumeration. — Burnham Beeches dedicated to public use. — Exhibition Buildings, Pittsburg (Penn.), destroyed by fire. — A National League meeting fixed for to- morrow at Ennis, County Clare, prohibited by the Lord-Lieutenant on account of the occurrence of crime and outrage in the district. The return of outrages committed in Ireland last month shows a total of 79, of which 26 consisted of threatening letters, 5 firing into dwellings, 19 incendiary fires, and 5 maiming cattle. — Dundee University College, founded by M'.ss Baxter and the late Dr. Baxter, at a cost of .£140,000, opened by Lord Dalhousie. 1436 3 . — The Erythrean peninsula, near Smyrna, visited by an earthquake, which laid in ruins Chesmet and the neighbouring villages. Up- wards of a thousand lives were lost, and 20,000 people were rendered homeless. — Died at Eastbourne, aged 50, Right Rev. Augustus Short, D.D., late Bishop of Adelaide. 5 . — Died at Blackheath, aged 62, General Andrew Macqueen, of the Bengal Staff Corps ; served with the Candahar force in 1840-42, and during the Indian Mutiny. 6. — Orange demonstration at Belfast in con- nection with the laying of the foundation-stone of the new Orange Hall, a vast concourse being addressed in the Botanical Gardens by Sir Stafford Northcote, who, however, was not able to attend the ceremony. — Died, aged 87, Right Hon. William Beresford, at one time Minister of State for War. 7 . — Foundation stone of Glasgow new Municipal Buildings laid by Lord Provost Ure with Masonic honours and much other outward display. The event was made occa- sion for a general holiday. — The Pope receives a large number of Italian pilgrims and delivers an address, in the course of which he declared that all patriotic and religious forces must unite in order to defeat the sectaries, whose real object was to strike a blow at the Church in the person of her chief. 9 . — In a Convocation held at Oxford, the Rev. Professor Jowett, Master of Balliol, is re-elected Vice-Chancellor for the ensuing year. — George Warden, late secretary of the River Plate Bank, charged at the Guildhall, London, with having stolen securities to the value of£io,ooo, the property of his employers. It was stated that the prisoner, who had volun- tarily surrendered himself, and who had for twenty years been in the employment of the bank, had been speculating on the Stock Exchange through a relative, and, having lost heavily abstracted the securities, and obtained advances on them from various stockbrokers. The auditors of the bank, when performing the annual audit on the 1st October, having asked for the production of certain securities, the prisoner at once absconded. Investigations showed that £70,000 worth of securities, payable to bearer, and belonging to customers of the bank, and £40,000 worth on which the bank had lent money, were missing. Prisoner remanded . 10. — Died, aged 91, the Right Hon. Stephen Moore, Earl of Mountcashell, the oldest member of the House of Peers, in which he had sat since 1826. 0C70BER i38 3 OCTOBER 11. — The refusal of the French Government to grant complete satisfaction to Spain is followed by the resignation of Senor Sagasta’s Government. — Severn tunnel workings flooded by the bursting of a spring on the Monmouthshire side. The water was dammed back on the Gloucestershire side by the prompt construc- tion of a wall, so that operations were not entirely suspended. 12 . — Mr. Gladstone returns to Hawarden from his visit to Lord Derby at Knowsley. — Marquis of Lansdowne, the new Go- vernor-General of Canada, sails from London- derry on board the Allan Liner Circassian. — Banquet given to Lord Coleridge by the New York State Bar. 13 . — The Marquis Tseng, Chinese Am- bassador, presented with an address from the inhabitants of Folkestone, in which town His Excellency’s family had for some time resided. In the course of his reply he combated the erroneous ideas still held as to the isolation of China, and pointed out that, besides the treaty ports, there are sixteen ports where ships of all nations find welcome, ancL through which foreign merchants can send their goods to all parts of the Empire. — A ladies’ school at Warsaw, under the patronage of the Empress, searched by the police, and the head mistress with eight of the pupils arrested. Many seditious documents were found in the house, containing Nihilist writings from Switzerland. 14 -. — Forty women killed during a panic in the Synagogne of Sievonko, Podiola. 15 . — The new Belgian Palace of Justice at Brussels opened by the King. A large number of foreign advocates were present, including Sir Henry James, Mr. A. Cook, and Mr. A. Cohen as representing the English bar. — The woman Flannagan charged with having administered poison to her husband and certain other persons whose lives she had in- sured, and who for over a week eluded the Liverpool detectives, arrested in a public- house at Wavertree, three miles from Liverpool, — Alexander Ogilvie, manager of the Northern Counties Bank ; George Hutchinson, oil merchant ; and George Bell, contractor, charged at Newcastle-on-Tyne with conspiring to defraud the bank, Ogilvie being also charged with falsifying and mutilating the books and with issuing false balance-sheets. — Died at his residence, Ferguslie, Paisley, aged 74, Thomas Coats, a prosperous thread manufacturer, whose name, along with that of his brother, Sir Peter Coats of Auchendrane, is associated with many works of benevo- lence. Personality recorded as amounting to GG 2 ;£i, 302,633, on which a stamp duty of ^39,631 was paid. 16 . — Cetewayo surrendered to Mr. Osborne, British Resident in Zululand. 17 . — Serious gale and high tides felt in various parts of the country, doing much damage. Another flood in the Severn Tunnel. — Observatory on the summit of Ben Nevis declared open by Mrs. Cameron Campbell of Monzie. The weather was most unpropitious, a severe snow-storm driving back part of the company who had essayed to climb the moun- tain, and a heavy mist completely obscuring the view at the top. Yet about a hundred persons were present in the building when the formal ceremony took place. At night a dinner was held in the Town Hall, Fort- Wil- liam, at which Lord Abinger presided. — The jury at the Central Criminal Court find a true bill against O’Donnell for the mur- of James Carey. On the application of Mr. A. M. Sullivan the trial was postponed till the November Sessions, as important witnesses were in Cape Colony, America, and upon the high seas. 3 8 . — Remains of Dr. William Harvey, dis- coverer of the circulation of the blood, depo- sited in a marble sarcophagus, provided by the Royal College of Physicians, and placed in the Harvey Chapel attached to Hampstead church, Essex. — Mr. John Bright presides at a great poli- tical meeting in Leeds, held in connection with the Conference on Parliamentary Reform. Speaking in support of a resolution in favour of the extension of the suffrage in counties, the right hon. gentleman recapitulated the benfi- cent legislation which had followed previous measures of Parliamentary reform, and which, he held, could not have been brought about without an extension of the franchise. — In Glasgow, and within the City Hall, Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Alison is presented with a sword of honour, together with a tiara of diamonds for Lady Alison, in recognition of distinguished services performed by him during a lengthened military career. 19 . — Explosion at the Whamcliffe Carlton Colliery, near Barnsley ; twenty lives lost. — The workmen engaged in digging founda- tions for new piers of the tower of Peter- borough Cathedral come upon traces of masonry, identified as the remains of a Saxon monastery built on the spot in 655 a.d — At the Central Criminal Court, Henry Powell indicted for the murder of John Dimry Bruton, at Balham, Surrey, on the 27th Sep- tember, was found guilty, and sentenced to death. — Died, aged 61, George Philip Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield. 1437 OCTOBER 1883 NOVEMBER 20. — Memorial statue to the Scottish poet Tannahill (by Stevenson) unveiled in the churchyard of Paisley Abbey. — Died, aged 66, George Inman, ship- builder. — Died, aged 76, Stephen: Gazelee, Sergeant-at-lavv. 22. — Count Stephen Batthyany shot dead in a duel with Dr. Julius Rosenberg, at Temesvar, Hungary. — Died, aged 65, Captain Mayne Reid, a well-known novelist; author of “The Scalp Hunters, ” “ The War Trail,,” &c. — Died at Frankfort-on-Maine, aged 49, Albert Henschel, German caricaturist and illustrator of children’s books. 23 . — The Marquis of Landsdowne lands in Quebec, and takes the oaths as Governor- Genual of Canada. — Died in London, aged 78, Right Hon. John Vesey Parnell, Lord Congleton, foreign missionary and philanthropist. 24 . — Opening of the new university of South Wales and Monmouthshire. Lord Aberdare, in the course of his inaugural address, gave a history of Welsh civilisation and culture,, and of the movement which cul- minated in the establishment of the college. 25 . — Died, aged 47, Sir H. Holyoake- Goodrieke, served in the Crimea, and went through the Indian campaign of 1857-58. 26 . — Mr. Copeman crosses the Channel on his patent life-saving raft. — Mr. Irving makes his first appearance in New Y> rk at the Star Theatre in “ The Bells.” 27 . — The Marquis and Marchioness of Lome (Princess Louise) leave Quebec for England. 28 . — Died, aged 8 1 , Edmund Potter, F. R.S., head of the large firm of Manchester calico printers. — Died at Rouen, aged 83, Cardinal de Bonnechose, Archbishop of Rouen. 30 . — A collision involving the loss of fifteen lives occurred this evening in mid-channel in the Irish Sea between the Glasgow and North- Western Railway Company’s r teamer Holyhead and the German ship Alhambri. Both vessels sank, the latter almost immediately, but the Holyhead had time to- launch four boats. Two of these picked up twelve of the Alhambra's crew, while another Germam scrambled on to the Holyhead and was saved.. The rest of those on board the sailing vessel were drowned, including the captain, his daughter, the first mate, and ten sailors. Meanwhile the Ho'y- head was seen to be in a sinking condition, and 1438 not a moment was lost in transferring her four passengers and crew of twenty-seven hands to the other two boats. All got off the ill- fated vessel with the exception of the quarter- master and a deck boy. The four boats were picked up in the morning by the schooner Gertrude of Carnarvon. — The case against J"hn Davis Watters, stockbroker, charged with complicity in the frauds on the River Plate Bank, was further investigated to-day. Warden, the ex-manager and secretary of the bank (see October 9th), was the chief witne-s examined. He entered in detail into the history of his relations with Watters, whom he represented as dragging him deeper and deeper into crime. He also described the method by which he abstracted the securities from the strong-room- of the bank. The great faith that was placed in him enabled him at any time to possess himself of both keys, and he sometimes took possession of bonds under the very nose of the director cn duty. A stockbroker who did business for Watters testified that his transactions amounted to several millions. The shareholders of the River Plate Bank met to-day and resolved unani- mously to meet all losses caused by the frauds. — Two explosions of dynamite on the Metropolitan Underground Railway, one be- tween Westminster and Charing Cross, the other between Praed Street and Edgware Road; no lives lost. — Great failures in the cotton trade reported from Liverpool ; the liabilities of the head of the cotton “Corner,” Mr. Morris Ranger, being estimated at above half a million ster- ling. — Died, aged 82, General John Lawrenson ; towards the close of the Crimean campaign he had command of the British cavalry in the East. 31 . — International Fisheries Exhibition formally closed by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. It was reported that the exhibition had been a great financial success Over two and a half millions of people had passed the turnstiles, giving an average of 18,545 per day. November 1 . — Sir Charles Dilke presented with the Freedom of the burgh’ of Paisley. — Serious disturbance in Londonderry. The L-rd Mayor of Dublin was announced to address a meeting on the franchise in the City Hall, but the Orange parly took possession of the building early in the day and held it by force of arms. When the Lord Mayor arrived he was escorted to his hotel by the Nationalists of the town. As the processession passed the City Hall the Orangemen fired revolvers and threw slates upon them from the windows and roof. Several people were injured, two of them seriously. Ultimately the Corporation AO VE AIDER 1883 NOVEMBER rescinded their resolution granting the use of the hall, which was thereupon evacuated by the Orange party. Intense excitement prevailed in the town, and the streets had to be cleared by the police, and afterwards patrolled by the Lancers. 2. — Sir Richard Cross, speaking at a Conser- vative demonstration in Aberdeen, invites moderate Liberals to consider whether there are not now more points of common sympathy between them and the Conservatives, than be- tween them and their Radical friends. An evening soeech was devoted largely to a dis- cussion of the question of reform. He admitted that the necessity for change was bound to arise from time to time in a country like this, where new communities were continually growing up, and where education was rapidly extending. But the proposals of the Liberal party meant the disfranchisement of a large body of electors — namely, the freeholders of the country — and the arguments used by the Radicals, if carried to their logical conclusion, involved equal electoral districts and manhood suffrage, proposa's which he would strenuously oppose. — Died, aged 62, Maurice Charles Merttens Swabey, D.C.L., for many years one of the principal advocates in the Probate and Divorce Court, and Chancellor to the dioceses of Oxford and Ripon. 3 . — The army of Hicks Pasha, n,oco strong, despatched by the Khedive of Egypt to disperse the insurer ent force of the Mahdi and to subdue the Soudan, utterly destroyed near El Obeid, above the Fifth Cataract. Led by a treacherous guide into a narrow defile where the guns were useless, the little army, after three days’ hard fighting, was massacred to a man. Mr. O’Donovan, the Merv corres- pondent of the Daily Ncws y and a number of English officers were among the killed. — Freedom of the city of Aberdeen pre- sented to the Earl of Aberdeen and Sir Richard Cross — to the former mainly as a mark of appreciation of his personal character and the many benefits he has conferred on the city and county, and to the latter in recognition of his important services to the State. — Serious fires in Glasgow, beginning this (Saturday) evening in the premises of Messrs Wylie & Lochhead, which, extending from Buchanan Street to Mitchell Street, and spread- ing with rapidity, the large building was one mass of flame in a short time. By half-past nine, less than two hours after the discovery of the fire, the greater portion of the walls facing both streets fell with a tremendous crash, blocking up the thoroughfares. But a still more alarming extension of the conflagration occurred somewhat later. Showers of sparks from the roaring furnace which Wylie & Lochhead’s main building had now become were carried northward, endangering much valuable pro- perty over a considerable part of the city. The Herald Buildings were in imminent danger from the burning embers continually alighting on the roof, but these were speedily extinguished by the employes , who made the most strenuous efforts to protect the premises. An adjoining block, the greater portion of which was occu- pied as a cooking depot, and faced Mitchell Lan ", was not so fortunate. Damage estimated at ^200, ocx>. 3 . — Fire in the saw-mills connected with the extensive timber wharf of Me.-srs Lines & Co. at Haggerston, London. The fire was after the first alarm apparently got under, and several engines withdrawn, but it again broke out with renewed violence. The flames ex- tended to a timber stack about 250 feet long, 60 feet high, and 60 wide, and t awards evening about a dozen small houses caught fire and were destroyed. The flames afterwards extended across the Regent’s Canal, and seized another large stack on that side. 4 . — Died at Edinburgh, aged 74, Rev. Sir Elenry Wellwood Moncrieff, D.D., for many years Principal Clerk to the General Assembly of Free Church of Scotland. 5 . — Died at Newtown, Montgomeryshire, aged 80, James Walton, inventor and improver of machines for cotton spinning. 7 . — Disastrous colliery explosion, involving the loss of 63 lives, and more or less serious in- juries to some 30 men and boys, happens this morning in one of the pits of the Altham Colliery Company, AItham r near Accrington. The usual examination of the workings was made at an early hour, and at six o’clock the miners, one hundred and eleven men and boys, went down into tbe pit. It was observed about eight o’clock that three of the firemen who ought to have made their rounds by that time had not returned. Between half-past eight and nine o’clock, while the cages laden with coal were ascending and descending, the report of a violent explosion was heard the earth was shaken by the concussion, and dense volumes of smoke shot up from, the pit shaft. The sound of the explosion was a sufficient announce- ment of the catastrophe, and a crowd of excited men and women speedily gathered at the pit- head. 8 . — The hundredth birthday of Sir Mo es Montefiore celebrated' at Ramsgate with every mark of rejoicing. Congratulatory messages were received from the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh. — Mrs. Elder, widow of the late John Elder, shipbuilder, gives to the senate of Glasgow University the sum of ^12,500 for the purpose of founding a professorship of naval architec- ture, to be called “The John Elder Chair of Naval Architecture.” IO. — This (Saturday) being the fourth cen- tenary of Luther’s birth, was made the occasion of a great demonstration throughout Germany. 1439 NOVEMBER 1883 NOVEMBER Interest centred chiefly at Eisleben, the birth- place of the great Reformer, where a memorial in the market place was unveiled with solemn ceremonial. A notable feature of the day’s proceedings was a historic procession represent- ing Luther’s reception by the Count of Mans- feld on his last journey to Eisleben. At Berlin the Emperor, with several members of the Royal Family, the high functionaries of State, and other distinguished personages, attended a special service held in the church of St. Nicholas. In Denmark, Saturday was observed as a holi- day, and yesterday special services took place in the churches. The Protestant denominations of New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, and other towns in the United States also celebrated the event. All over England and Scotland commemoration services took place on the 21st. In Westminster Abbey the Archbishop of York preached in the afternoon to a crowded con- gregation, and in the evening Mr. Spurgeon addressed some three thousand young men at Exeter Hall. The Dean of York conducted a special evening service in St. Paul’s Cathedral. IO. — Died in Paris, aged 54, Sir Theophilus John Metcalfe, Bart., C.B. ; distinguished him- self in the Indian Mutiny, especially at the siege of Delhi. — • Died at Greenock, aged 79, William Clark, marine painter. 14 . — Presentation of Regimental Colours to the Cathedral Church of St. Giles, Edinburgh. For some months past a committee had been engaged in collecting the old colours of the Scottish regiments, and though their work was not crowned with complete success, no fewer than seventeen stands were brought together. The regiments to whom they formerly belonged were among the most famous in Scottish military annals, and these colours — in many cases frayed, tattered, riddled with bullets — recalled memo- ries of the prolonged Peninsular campaign, the decisive struggle at Watexdoo, the hardships of the Crimean War, and the terrible scenes of the Indian Mutiny. The honoured relics were handed over by the Duke of Cambridge, head of the army, to Rev. Dr. Cameron Lees, one of Her Majesty’s chaplains in Scotland, for preservation in the recently restored Cathedral of St. Giles. The ceremonial was witnessed by large crowds of spectators, and as the battle- worn emblems of the patt were borne from the Castle to the Cathedral, with all the pomp of military procession and to the strains of national music, the greatest enthusiasm prevailed, and cheer after cheer was raised. — Bombardment of Foulepoint, Mada- gascar, by the French. 15 . — Mr. Fawcett elected Lord Rector of Glasgow University by a majority of votes as well as of “Nations” over the Marquis of Bute and Mr. Ruskin. 16 . — A young man arrested at Paris in one of the public offices, to which he had gone for 1440 the purpose of assassinating M. Jules Ferry. He was armed with a revolver, and stated that he had been appointed by a secret society sitting in Lille to assassinate the members of the Government. 17 . — M. de Lesseps receives an address of welcome from the Corporation of Manchester. In replying he said that the object of his visit was to have an interchange of views with ship- owners and traders, whose wishes he would be very happy to meet as far as possible. An address was next presented on behalf of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce. M. de Lesseps, in acknowledging the honour, said that the object of the company would be to widen the canal in such a way that ships would be enabled to pass along more conveniently and without crossing each other. The Count was entertained to luncheon by the Mayor, and in the evening he received an address from the promoters of the Manchester Ship Canal. — Darlington Theatre burned to the ground, the total damage being about ^6,000. A per- formance had taken place in the building the night before, a display of fireworks being an item in the programme. — Died, aged 87, Samuel Jones Loyd, first Baron Overstone, one of the greatest English financiers. 18 . — Died, aged 60, Sir William Siemens, F.R.S., one of a family of inventors, the four brothers — Werner, William, Carl, and Frede- rick — being all eminent scientists. Sir William was specially distinguished as an electrician and as the principal inventor of the Siemens’ regenerative furnace for metallurgic purposes. The interment, which took place at Kensal Green Cemetery on the 26th, was preceded by an imposing funeral service in Westminster Abbey, at which representatives of various scientific bodies, the Royal Family, the Cabinet, &c., attended. 19 . — Defeat by a party of slave dealers at Tokar, Lower Egypt, of a detachment under Captain Moncrieff, British Consul at Suakim, who was killed in the encounter. 20. — The second trial of Poole for the murder of Kenny in Dublin last year results in a verdict of guilty, and the prisoner was sen- tenced to death. Before the judge pronounced sentence Poole, in the usual course, was asked if he had anything to say, and in reply made a remarkable speech. Fie denied over and over again having committed the murder, and en- tered into an explanation of how he would have proceeded had he had the work to per- form. He said he was proud to have been a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, which he joined when he was eighteen years of age. Their object was to free Ireland from tyrannical rule, and he believed it was on account of his being an enemy, humble as he was, of the Government that he had been prosecuted as he had been. It was his being NOVEMBER 1883 DECEMBER a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood that had brought him to the scaffold, and he was proud to die. 20 . — In the course of a paper read before the Statistical Society, Dr. Giffen stated as the result of his investigation, he gathered that within the last fifty years there had been a rise of wages of 33 to 100 per cent., and a diminu- tion of the hours of labour of about 20 per cent. There had been a rise of prices of the chief articles of the workman’s consumption between the years 1847-50 and the year 1862, but within the last twenty years that rise had almost disappeared. House rent had, Dr. Giffen admitted, gone up, but although there were individual cases of hardship, it could not have gone Up in a way to neutralise to any serious extent the great rise of wages of the workmen. 21 . — At the fortnightly meeting of the National League in Dublin, Mr. Healy said peace and quiet would never prevail in Ireland until landlordism was rooted out of the country. The Government might send him and others to jail, but there would be always some left to carry on the war against oppression and mis- rule. By their action recently the Conservatives had done much to prevent the Nationalists assisting them in election contests. 22. — The polling at York results in a victory for the Conservatives, Sir F. G. Milner being returned by a majority of twenty-one over his Liberal opponent, Mr. Lockwood, Q.C. The numbers were 3,948 against 3,927. As the late Mr. Leeman was a Liberal, this was a gain to the voting power of the Conservatives in the House of Commons. — Mr. Russell Lowell elected Lord Rector of St. Andrew’s University. — Died at his villa, near Paris, aged 68, Comte Frederick de Lagrange, stud-master and owner of Gladiateur, who won the Derby in 1865. 24 -.— Died, aged 69, Right Rev. William Fitzgerald, D.D., Lord Bishop of Killaloe. 26 . — Warden, late manager of the River Plate Bank, sentenced to twelve years’ penal servitude, and Waters, a stockbroker, for com- plicity in the Bank frauds, sentenced also to twelve years’ penal servitude on the 27th. 27 . — Lord Hartington addresses a meeting of Liberals in the Free Trade Hall, Manches- ter. Speaking of the prospects of the Govern- ment’s reform proposals in next session, he said it was undoubtedly in the power of the Opposition to force a dissolution before the measure could be brought into effect. He criticised Lord Salisbury’s article on “Disinte- gration,” and retorted upon the noble lord’s remarks concerning loss of authority in the Upper House that this was their own fault, and the fault of the statesmen to whose will that House blindly submitted. 29 . — Died, aged 95, Moses Griffith ; served as an army surgeon in the Peninsular war, and in India, Arabia, and Burmah. 30 . — Judgment of the House of Lords pro- nounced in favour of Mr. Dobbs against the right of the Grand Junction Waterworks to charge upon the gross value of premises. — Sale of the Beck ford Library, having occupied forty days, spread over a period of eighteen months, brought to a close. Total sum realised over .£73,500. December 1. — The Marquis of Hartington speaks at Accrington on the subject of Reform, and the protection of British interests in Chinese waters. — In the Court of Queen’s Bench, Justice Grove and Baron Huddlestone, refuse permis- sion to a London plaintiff to serve a writ in Glasgow, on the ground that there was already in Scotland a Court of Concurrent Jurisdiction. — Died, aged 65, Lord Howard of Glossop, Vice-Chamberlain of the Queen’s household 1846 — 52 ; Deputy Earl Marshal of England 1861—68. 2. — Serious riotings at Newry and Wex- ford ; the Roman Catholics sacking a theatre where an evangelistic service was being held. 3 . — Calcutta Exhibition opened. — Five hundred farmers, representing the greater part of the counties of Waterford and Kilkenny, issue a notice prohibiting hunting over their lands by the Curraghmore hounds. 4 . — Offer of the Speakership, in succession to Sir Henry Brand, G.C.B., made to Mr. Goschen, by whom it was declined. — In his annual message to Congress, Presi- dent Arthur discusses at considerable length the subject of foreign relations with the United States. 5 . — Disastrous fire at Constantinople ; over six hundred buildings destroyed. — Sir Edward Sullivan, Master of the Rolls, appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland. — Foundation stone laid of a granite obelisk memorial to the “ Secession Fathers” at Gairney Bridge, near Kinross. 6 . — Burning of the Palais de la Nation at Brussels ; one man killed. The building had been erected in 1778 by Maria Theresa for the Brabant States. The charter of 1830 and all State papers relating to the establishment of the Belgian independence were destroyed. Total damage done estimated at over twelve million francs. 7 . — Lord Ripon informed the Indian Legis- lative Council that the Secretary of State had 1441 DECEMBER 1883 DECEMBER approved the Ilbcrt Bill, but limited so as to include only ex-officio district magistrates and sessions judges. ^ 7 . — Died at Ashdown Park, Berks, aged 42, George Grimstone, Earl Craven. 8. — Acceptance of the Speakership inti- mated to his Warwick constituents, by Mr. Arthur W. Peel. 9 . — Died, aged 64, John James Bond, Senior Assistant - keeper in Her Majesty’s Recjrd Office. 11. — Banquet in the Rotunda, Dublin, to Mr. Parnell, and presentation made to him of ^37,000, in name of the Irish people, an answer, said Michael Davitt, to the calumnies of Mr. Forster. — The New Zealand Shipping Company’s ship Tongariro , on her maiden voyage, arrived at Port Chalmers in forty days nine hours’ steaming, the fastest passage from England to New Zealand on record. — Died, aged 58, Richard Doyle, artist and caricaturist, for many years one of the chief contributors to Punch. — Died, at Rome, Signor Mario, the greatest Italian singer of modern times. 12. — Terrific gale swept over England and south-we$t of Scotland, causing much destruc- tion of property, great loss of life at sea, and a complete stoppage of telegraph work. — Died, aged 7 °> Sir Charles Hall, Vice- Chancellor. 14 . — Standard Theatre at New York burned to the ground ; and on the same day the greater part of the temporary buildings in the Great Square of Alexandria destroyed by fire. — Statue of Earl Beaconsfield (by Birch), unveiled at Liverpool, by Sir Richard A. Cross. 15 . — In the Court of Session, Lord Fraser decides that the trustees of the late John Orr Ewing, merchant, Glasgow, are bound to administer the estate in Scotland, according to the law of Scotland, and had no power to place it under control of the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice. 16 . — Spanish mail steamer San Augustin burned in the Bay of Biscay on her voyage from Corunna to Liverpool ; 38 lives lost. 17 . — Patrick O’Donnell, convicted of the murder of James Carey, hanged in Newgate. — Sontay captured by the French. Two days later the Senate voted credit for 29,000,000 francs, to account of Tonquin expedition ex- penses. 18 . — Joseph Toole, a Fenian “centre,” executed in Dublin for the murder of J. Kenny, an informer, in July, 1882. 1442 18 . — Died, aged 80, W. Sheldon; com- menced life as an organiser of stage-coach traffic, and subsequently developed the Lon- don Omnibus service. 21. — Five of the prisoners connected with the dynamite explosions in Glasgow sentenced to penal servitude for life, and the remaining five to seven years each. The charge was that the prisoners, being members of a secret Rib- bon Society in Glasgow having for its object the subversion by violence of the Government in Ireland, devised the levying of v\ ar against Pier Majesty by destroying by means of dyna- mite public buildings and works in Glasgow, thereby endangering the lives and property of the lieges. The indictment further specifically charged the prisoners with, on the night of 20th January, blowing up the Tradeston gaso- meter, wrecking the shed at Buchanan Street Station, and attempting to destroy the canal bridge at Possil Park. 22. — Presentation to Mr. Gladstone of a dessert service of Derby china, specially de- signed and manufactured for the Pi-emier. 24 . — Centennial anniversary of the resigna- tion of George Washington of his command of the United States army celebrated as a general holiday throughout the Union. 26 . — Jockey Club decide that jockeys shall not be licensed who run horses, and that betting jockeys shall not be allowed. — Died, aged 83, Thomas Holloway, patent medicine vendor. 27 . — Dickens’s “Old Curiosity Shop,” be- ing 14 Portugal Street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, ordered to be demolished by the Board of Works as in dangerous condition. P"or some years it had been used as a storehouse for waste paper. 28 . — Died in London, aged 66, Sir John Bayley Darvall, K.G., C.M.G., formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales. — Died at Rome, aged 78, Cardinal de Luca, Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. 29 . — Lieutenant - Colonel Sudeikin, Chief of the Russian secret police, and his principal assistant, assasinated by Nihilists in his own room. 29 . — The Rev. A. II. Machonochie, on whom a sentence of deprivation had been pro- nounced by Lord Penzance, July 21, resigned the living of St. Peter’s, London Docks, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners having ceased to pay the stipend from the date of the judgment of the Court of Arches. 31 . — Failure of A. and H. Brogden, iron- masters, &c. ; liabilities nearly a million and a half. JANUARY 1884 JANUARY 1884. January 1. — New Patents Act comes into operation ; 166 applications recorded. — Great Orange demonstration at Dromore, Tyrone, in response to a defiant challenge from the Nationalist party, who mustered at the same place. Awed apparently by the military precautions, both meetings passed off without any serious disturbance. — Died, aged 86, at Brighton, Charles Watkins Merrifield, F.R. S., mathematician. 2. — James Russell Lowell intimates his re- tirement from Rectorship of St. Andrew's Uni- versity. Lord Reay chosen as successor. 5 . — The remains of Victor Emmanuel re- moved from their temporary resting-place to the Pantheon at Rome, the tomb being for some days after the scene of processions of pilgrims from all parts of Italy. — Fire in a convent at Illinois, U.S., re- sulting in the loss of over thirty lives. 6 . — Resignation of the Egyptian Ministry in consequence of the receipt of a message from the British Government requiring the with- drawal of all the Egyptian forces to Wady Haifa. A new cabinet, under Nubar Pasha, was formed. Orders subsequently given for the evacuation of Khartoum. — A railway inspector and six workmen killed by the fall of a bridge at Coppull sta- tion, between Wigan and Preston. 7 . — Died, aged 62, at Falmouth, John Harris, Cornish Poet, author of a Prize Poem on the Tercentenary of Shakespere. 9- — Died in his forty-sixth year, Keshub Chunder Sen, head of the Reformed Theistic Church or Brahmo-Somaj sect in India. 11 . — General Gordon commissioned by the King of the Belgians to proceed to the Congo River for the purpose of putting down the slave trade in that district. 13 — Dr. Price of Flemtrissant, “the last of the Druids,” attempts to cremate the body of his child on one of the neighbouring mountains. The police interfering, Dr. Price promised to inter the body in the ordinary manner. — Died, aged 68, at Milford, Surrey, Francis Holl, A.R.A., engraver. 14 . — Mary Robinson, known as “the Queen of the Costermongers, - ” buried in Finchley cemetery. In accordance with her directions the coffin was carried by four men wearing white smocks and followed by twenty-four young women wearing violet dresses, white aprons, and hats with white feathers. The deceased was said to have amassed over ^50,000 by loans to costermongers. 15 . — An oil weir near Bradford, Pennsyl- vania, having flooded the railway line for over one hundred yards, a pas: ing train set fire to the oil. Six passengers were killed and thirty injured. 16 . — Speaking at Newcast!e-on-Tyne Mr. Chamberlain enters into an explanation of the intentions of the Government regarding the prevention of loss of life at sea. These losses he asserted had reached the appalling average of one sailor in every sixty who went to sea. It was proposed to extend to shipowners the provisions of the Employers’ Liability Act and to invalidate insurance policies effected for any amount exceeding the actual value of loss sustained. 17 . — The so-called white elephant “Taung Toulong” arrives at the Zoological Gardens, Regent’s Park. 18 . — General Gordon, having been reinstated in his rank in the British army, suddenly de- spatched to Egypt for service in the Soudan. The advice given to the Khedive at the be- ginning of the year to abandon the Soudan led to a scheme for withdrawing the garrison of Egyptian troops in that country. General Gordon's plan was to abandon Western Sou- dan and the provinces of Darfur and Kox'do- fan, but to hold Khartoum with the provinces lying between the White Nile and the Red Sea north of Sennar. It was arranged that he should be absolutely independent of the Khe- dive, and receive his orders from the English Government alone. — The Clarence reformatory ship lying in the Mersey set fire to by some of the boys, and completely destroyed. No lives were lost but several of the lads escaped. Six of the ringleaders were tried and sentenced to five years ptnal servitude. — Wreck of the steamship City of Colum- bus off Gay Head, Vineyard Sound ; ninety- seven lives lost. 24 . — In the Queen’s Bench Division Baron Pollock gives judgment in the case of Sir Percival Hey wood z/. the Bishop of Manchester. The Bishop had refused to institute the Rev. H. Cowgill to the living of Miles Platting, to which Sir P. Hey wood as patron had presen- ted him. Mr. Cowgill had been curate to Mr. Green, against whom proceedings were taken in the Court of Arches ; and on his nomination to succeed Mr. Green, Mr. Cowgill declined to give any assurance that the proceedings complained of and pronounced illegal would be discontinued. — The Poet Laureate raised to the Peerage, with the title of Baron Tennyson. 27 . — Died at Paris, aged 82, Auguste Alexander Dumont, sculptor. 30 . — Speaking at Birmingham Mr. Bright takes occasion to expose the fallacies under- lying Mr. Henry George’s theory of nationaliz- ing the land, the outcome of which, if logically 1443 JANUARY 1884 FEBRUARY applied, would be to make the Chancellor of the Exchequer the sole landowner. To accept such a scheme the people of England, he de- clared, must have lost not only all their common sense but all reverence for the Ten Command- ments. lie maintained that if the sale of land were only free from the laws of primogeniture and settlement intended to agglomerate estates, the forces of dispersion would beat the forces of accumulation, and land would again fall into many hands. 31 . — Extension of Russian territory in Central Asia. To-day four Khans of the Merv Tekkes arrive at Askabad, and swear allegiance to the Czar for themselves and the whole population of Merv in the presence of General Komaroff, the Commander-in-Chief of the Trans-Caspian district. By this acquisition the Russia frontier was advanced 185 miles in the direction of India, and Herat was now only 200 miles from the Russian outposts. — Died at Ashford, aged 87, John Henry Parker, L.B., F. S.A., archaeologist. February 2. — Died, in his chambers St. James Street, in his 82nd year, Abraham Hayward, essayist and critic. 3 . — Died, aged 83, Sir John Barnard Byles, author of “ Byles on Bills.” — Died, at Boston, in his 72nd year, Wendell Phillips, prominent abolitionist. — Died, aged 70, Eugene Rouber, French statesman, a strenuous partizan of the Second Empire. 4 . — Baker Pasha’s force (3,500 strong), des- patched to relieve the besieged garrisons of the Soudan, completely routed and dispersed in its first engagement with the Arabs on the road to Sinkat. 5. — Parliament opened by Commission. In the message from the Throne several para- graphs were devoted to Egyptian affairs, and as regarded home measures it was stated that a bill would be at once presented “for the en- largement of the occupation franchise at parliamentary elections. 7. — The proprietor and members of com- mittee of the Park Club, convicted at Bow Street of keeping a common gambling house, and fined ^500 each. 8. — Died, at Therapia, aged 61, Frank Ives Scudamore, second secretary to the G.P. O. 1860-75, latterly in the Turkish service, and a facile writer of Vers de Societe. 9. — Lord Chief Justice Coleridge and Mr. Justice Stephen deliver the judgment of the Queen’s Bench Division in the case of Brad- laugh v. Gosset. The court held that the Houses of Parliament had not only absolute command over their own discipline but the right to interpret for themselves without appeal all rules regarding proceedings within the 1444 House. The Courts of Justice would however claim to interpret for themselves Acts im- posing fines and penalties. In the evening Mr. Bradlaugh administered the oath to himself. The Speaker called on him to with- draw. Sir S. Northcote moved that Mr. Bradlaugh be not permitted to go through the form of repeating the words of the oath, which was carried by 280 to 167 ; Mr. Bradlaugh’s vote in the division being subsequently dis- allowed by 258 to 161. Sir Stafford then moved Mr. Bradlaugh’s exclusion from the House until he should engage not further to disturb the proceedings ; carried by 228 to 120. — Asa wedding party were crossing the river Theiss, near Domrad, in seven vehicles, the ice gave way, and the whole party, thirty- five in number, were drowned, with one exception, a gipsy musician. — Cetewayo reported to have died at Ekowe. 11 . — Died, at Edinburgh, aged 7 6, Pro- fessor John Hutton Balfour, M.D., botanist. 12. — Announcement made in both Houses to-day of the fall of Sinkat and massacre of its garrison. Lord Salisbury afterwards moved a vote of censure on the Government. With regard to the policy pursued in Egypt, charac- terising it as “vacillating and inconsistent,” also as “an act of bicod-guiltiness.” Lord Granville replied, and their Lordships divided shortly after midnight. For the resolution, 18 1 ; against, 81 ; being a majority of 100 against Pier Majesty’s ministers. A similar vote was moved in the Commons by Sir Stafford Northcote, and the debate was con- tinued till February 19th, when the division showed 31 1 for the Government against 292 for the Opposition. — Rev. Canon Stubbs elevated to the see of Chester, and Dean Ridding to that of South- well. — Died, in his house at Serjeants’ Inn, aged 57, Thomas Chenery, editor of the Times , and an accomplished Oriental scholar. 16 . — Died, aged 54, Vice-Admiral Henry Carr Glyn, C.B., C.S.I., Commander of the Channel squadron. 17 . — Died, aged 50, Charles Stuart Cal- verley, writer of humorous verse. 18 . — General Gordon, who left Cairo on the 26th of January, accompanied by Colonel Stewart, reaches Khartoum, being hailed on his arrival with intense enthusiasm by the in- habitants and garrison. He at once issued a proclamation recognising the Mhadi as ruler of Kordofan, remitting half the taxes, and permitting the holding of slaves. 20. — The Times, commenting on the recent vote of censure, thus summarises the situation : — “Two points have been made clear during FEBRUARY 884 MARCH the debate, and especially in the closing speeches. The first is that the Opposition have fatally exhibited their weakness, and have missed an opportunity which may not present itself again by failing to declare boldly for a British Protectorate over Egypt. The second is that, by voting with the Government, Liberal members do not oppose themselves to the policy of remaining in Egypt until all the duties we have undertaken shall be dis- charged.” 21 . — In the course of adjourned debate on the Address the Solicitor-General for Ireland (A. M. Porter) vindicates the action of the executive in dismissing Lord Rossmore from the magistracy. — Ennerdale Railway Bill read a second time in the Commons by 164 votes against 148. — Died aged 71, John Pyke Hullah, com- poser and teacher of music. 22. — The Address agreed to in the Com- mons on this the fourteenth night of the Session. Sir Henry Brand at the same sitting announced his attention of retiring from the Speakership. — The Marquis of Salisbury moved for a Royal Commission to inquire into the housing of the working classes. A discussion ensued in which the Prince of Wales took part. The motion was agreed to. — Tokar surrenders to the rebels under Osman Digma. 23 . — Royal Commission to inquire into the Housing of the Working Classes gazetted. Sir Charles Dilke as President of the Local Govern- ment Board, was Chairman, and among the members were the Prince of Wales, Cardinal Manning, the Marquis of Salisbury, Earl of Shaftesbury, &c. Some wish was expressed that Miss Octavia Hill should be added to the commissioners, but it was decided that her exceptional knowledge of the condition of the poor would be best utilized in the form of evidence. 25 . — Retirement of Sir Plenry Brand from the Speakership. The Premier, in moving a vote of thanks, dwelt on the great increase of the duties and difficulties of the chair, and de- clared amid much cheering that but for the tact, firmness, and courage displayed by Sir Henry Brand, these difficulties would have been gravely increased. Sir Stafford Northcote cordially seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously, with the exception of a few “noes” from the Irish benches. Sir Henry was raised to the peerage as Viscount Hampden, the customary vote being unani- mously passed. — Died, on board his yacht at Algiers, The Rt. Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson, pro- minent Free-Trader, formerly M.P. for Man-, Chester, and President of Poor Law Board. 25 . — Died at Paris, aged 92, General Schramm, father of the French Army, having been taken prisoner at Lutzen. 26 . — Mr. Arthur Wellesley Peel, M.P. for Warwick, and youngest son of the late Sir Robert Peel, elected Speaker, acknowledging the honour in a speech which greatly impressed the House. — Dynamite explosion in the cloak-room at Victoria Station. Much damage was caused by the shock as well as by a fire which ensued on the bursting of the gas pipes. Portmanteaus containing large charges of dynamite with clockwork detonators v\ ere also discovered at Charing Cross, Paddington, and Ludgate Plill Stations. 29 . — Government Franchise Eill introduced in the Commons by Mr. Gladstone, who com- menced by remarking that the question had been so far advanced by public discussion as to make it unnecessary to enter into any general argument. Proceeding to describe the pro- visions of the Bill, it was proposed that in boroughs the “ ancient rights,” the household franchise of 1867, and the lodger vote should be undisturbed ; a service franchise would be created, and the county qualifications would be assimilated to those of the boroughs. — General Graham with about 4,000 troops, chiefly British, attacks the Mahdi’s lieutenant, Osman Digma, at Trinkitat (Teb), and after four hours’ severe fighting, defeats him, but with a loss of 38 officers and men killed, and 142 wounded. — Despatch from Lord Granville asking the Russian Government what it proposed to do now that its borders had come into immediate contact with those of Afghanistan (Russia having reiterated in 1882 through Prince Lobanoff that there was no intention to attack Merv). — Shakespeare Memorial in St. Helen’s, Bishopsgate, unveiled by the Lord Mayor. March 1. — The bust of Longfellow, pre- sented by Lord Granville, unveiled in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey. — • Died, aged 63, Dr. Isaac Todhunter, a learned writer on malhematics, whose school- books are in universal use. 2 . — Tokar relieved by General Graham. 3 . — The new Franchise Bill read a second time in the House of Commons without a division. 8. — Died, aged 80, Admiral Sir Sydney Col- poys Dacres, Governor of Greenwich Hospital. 9. — Dr. Shapira, who had offered for sale to the British Museum an alleged MS. of the early books of the Old Testament for ,£1,000,000, commits suicide in Rotterdam. (See Aug. 1, 1883.) 1445 MARCH 1884 MARCH 10. — Calcutta Exhibition closed by Lord Ripon. — Died, aged 57, William Blanchard Jerrold, journalist and author, biographer of his father, Douglas Jerrold, 12 . — The French troops in Tonquin under General Negrier, eapture the citadel of Bacninh. 13 . — Commencement of the siege of Khar- toum. Soon after his arrival General Gordon found that he would require to guard against treachery from within as well as assaults from without. In one of his earliest engagements two Egyptian commanders, Said and Hassan Pashas turned traitors and attacked their own men. Gordon had them promptly arrested, tried by court-martial, and executed. His re- quest for the assistance of Zebehir Pasha having been refused, he was compelled to act on the defensive, and in the protection of the city displayed the utmost vigour and inexhaustible resource. — The forces of the Mahdi under Osman Digma defeated at Tamai by General Graham. The fall of Sinkat and Tokar having shown how utterly unable the Egyptian troops were to cope with the insurgents, a force of 4,000 British were assembled at Souakim about the end of February, and having advanced toward the position held by the Arabs, defeated them after a severe conflict, and retired upon Souakim, having first destroyed their camp. The British lost seven officers and nearly one hundred men. — Died at Margate, aged 81, Richard Henry Horne, author, poet, and journalist. — Died, age 64, Charlotte Baroness de Rothschild, widow of Baron Lionel. 14 -. — Mr. E A. Freeman appointed Regius Professor of History at Oxford in succession to Canon Stubbs. 15 . — Saturday’s sitting for Supply in the Commons. Owing to attacks on the Govern- ment, led by Mr. Labouchere and Lord Ran- dolph Churchill, with regard to the policy pursued in Egypt, the sitting was extended to six o’clock on Sunday morning. The pro- ceedings were enlivened by scenes of great excitement. A second vote of censure on the Government for their Egyptian policy defeated by hi to 94, a majority of 17 for the Ministry. 16 . — Reverse to Egyptian troops at Khar- toum ; 200 killed. 17 . — Died, aged 79, the Rev. John Pain Sargent, M.A., F.R.A.S., Hebraist and scientific writer. 19 . — Monumental bust of Samuel Pepys erected in St. Olave’s, Hart Street, City, un- veiled by Mr. Sowell acting for Lord Ashburton, First Lord of the Admiralty. 1446 19 . — Died, aged 82, Elias Sonnrit, Finnish, poet. 20. — Sir Edward Thornton brought to the notice of M. de Giers a map of Turkestan emanating from the Russian staff, and placing the Russian Turcoman frontier south of Penj- deh and Pul-i-Khatun. The Russian Minister repudiated the map, and denied that it pos- sessed any official authority. 21. — Lord Thurlow moves in the Upper House that the national collections of books, objects of natural history, and works of art should be open to the public on Sundays as well as on week days. The motion was lost by 46 votes to 38. 22. — The Committee of the Fisheries Ex- hibition report a surplus of ^15,243. It was resolved that £ 10,000 should be voted to a fund for helping the orphan families of fisher- men, and £ 3,000 to the formation of a Fisheries Society. 23 . — Died at New York, aged 68, Madame Anna Bishop, singer. 24 -. — M. Lessar reached Pul-i-Khisti, and endeavoured to gain admission into Penj-deh. The Sariks refused to allow him into their settlement, and in reply to his inquiry, “they all answered, 1 We are the subjects of Ameer Abdurrahman.’ ” Abdul Mohsin Khan was the Ameer’s agent, and alarmed by the Russian annexation of Merv and the presence of Russian agents on their borders, the Sariks sent a request to Yalantush Khan, the Afghan officer at Bala Murghab, for a garrison to afford them protection. — Died at Paris, aged 88, Francois Mignet, French historian. 28 . — Death of the Duke of Albany. Deli- cate in body and studious of habit from boyhood’s years, Prince Leopold took a less prominent part in the affairs of the nation than his older brothers, but whenever he spoke in public his utterances attracted universal atten- tion on account of their marked ability and thoughtfulness. The immediate cause of his death, which occurred at Cannes, was a fall on the stairs at the Cercle Nautique yesterday, and this morning infusion of blood in the brain induced an epileptic convulsion which termi- nated fatally. The young Duke, whose death was much regretted far beyond the bounds of the Royal circle, was born 7^ April, 1853, and married Princess Helen of Waldeek, 27th April, 1882. Addresses of condolence were moved in both Houses of Parliament on the 3 1 st- 30 . — Election riots at Cincinnati; the new Court-house burned, and over 50 people killed. 31 . — In consequence of the sudden illness of the Speaker (Mr. Teel), the Deputy Speaker (Sir A. Ottway) and the Chief Clerk (Sir T. Erskine May), the House of Commons MARCH 1884 APRIL narrowly escaped adjournment for want of a properly qualified president. The Deputy Speaker, however, managed to leave his bed and to attend. — Died at Maida Vale, aged 67, Nicholas Triibner, founder of the well-known publishing house. — Died, aged 32, Sir Ian- Charles Grant- Ogilvy, Lord Seafield. April 1 . — Died at Brompton, Miss Marie Litton (Mrs. Wybrow Robertson), actress. 2 . — Fire in Paternoster Row, which rapidly extended in Newgate Street on the one side, and almost into St. Paul’s Churchyard on the other. Forty houses arid establishments, in eluding Messrs. Blackwood’s, were more or less injured, the damages being estimated at ^250.000. A large portion of the city of Mandalay, Burmah, was also destroyed by fire to-day. 3 . — Discussion in the Commons on Egyp- tian affairs. Mr. Gladstone answered Sir Stafford Northcote to the effect that the Go- vernment, not having yet received General Gordon’s report as to the best means of with- drawing from the Soudan, did not think the moment had arrived for ordering him per- emptorily to withdraw. General Gordon had full authority to return if he thought his task impossible ; but no information had been re- ceived from him which suggested ihat he was in danger or unable to withdraw. Lord Hartington also added that with regard to Gordon’s request to have Zebehr Pasha sent up to Khartoum as his successor, the Government thought that the General overrated the danger to Egypt f om the Mahdi’s operations, and underrated the risk of establishing Zebehr at Khartoum. They had therefore declined to accede to that recommendation, and had re- quested him to remain in Khartoum as long as necessary to carry out the line of policy origi- nally agreed upon. General Gordon had never asked for troops to be sent to him, and when he went out he well understood that he must accomplish his mission with the resources on the spot. These explanations were held to be unsatisfactory by the Opposition, who moved the adjournment of the House, but after some farther debate, the discussion closed. 4 . — In the House of Lords, Earl Granville, replying to Lord Hardwicke, who had inquired whether the Government intended to take any steps for the relief of General Gordon, said that in no part of the instructions given to the General was there the slightest promise that he would be backed up by a military expedi- tion. He confessed that he had much more fears for the gallant officer’s life during the first days that he was in the Soudan than he entertained at present. 5 — Funeral of the Duke of Albany. The Prince of Wales had brought the body from Cannes to Windsor via Cherbourg on the 4th, and to-day it was finally deposited in the royal vault under St. George’s Chapel. All the crowned heads of Europe were represented by members of their families or by high officers of state. Her Majesty was present in the choir and the Prince of Wales acted as chief mourner. On the 16th a letter was published, in which the Queen thanked her people for their sympathy with her and her daughter-in-law in their affliction. 7 . — The Extension of Franchise Bill passes the second reading in the Commons, after a debate extending over six nights, by 340 votes to 210. — Serious rioting at Kidderminster. Cer- tain employers whose workers were on strike had imported weavers from other parts of the country. Order was only restored, after con- siderable damage' had been done and many persons seriously injured, by the arrival of a cavalry regiment, which patrolled the streets. 11. — Died, aged 70, Charles Reade, novelist and dramatist. — Died at Clapham Park, aged 48, Henry J. Byron, dramatist. — Died at Cannes, aged 84, Jean Baptiste Dumas, French chemist and scientist. — Died in London, aged 61, the Rev. Henry John Blunt, theological and historical author. 15 . — Died in his 68th year, the Right Rev. Robert Bickersteth, D.D., Bishop of Ripon. 16 . — The Queen leaves Windsor for Darm- stadt. — Addressing his constituents at Derby, Sir William Harcourt vigorously defended the Government, and endeavoured to remove the impression that they -were neglectful of General Gordon of careless about his mission. “No praise,” he said, “ could be too high for that illustrious man, and nothing couid be more culpable than the attempts to make use of his name as an engine of political attack. I am happy to say that the last accounts which have come from General Gordon are certainly not accounts which intimate that he considers he is in any personal danger at Khartoum.” — Celebration of the tercentenary of the foundation of Edinburgh University com- menced. The proceedings were attended by delegates from all the principal universities of Europe and by numerous persons distinguished in -literature, science, and art. — Died at Bowhill, Selkirkshire, aged 77, Walter Francis Montague Douglas Scott, fifth Duke of Buccleuch and seventh Duke of Queensberry, K.G., P.C., D.C.L., LL.D. Aide-de-Camp to the Queen. Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Edinburgh and Roxburgh, &c., an estimable and highly esteemed Scottish nobleman. 1447 APRIL 1884 MAY 17 . — Died at Upper Norwood, aged 78, Mrs. Alfred Wigan, actress. 18 . — Collision between the barque Pomona of New Brunswick and the State of Florida , a large steamer, about 1,200 miles from the Irish coast. Both vessels sank so suddenly that only 35 persons were saved out of a total of over 180. 19 . — Mr. Chamberlain moved the second reading of the Merchant Shipping Bill, and in doing so spoke for nearly four hours. 20. — Further consideration of the Franchise Bill in Committee, Lord R. Churchill making an extraordinary speech, from a Conservative point of view. Mr. Brodrick’s amendment for the exclusion of Ireland from the provisions of the Bill rejected by 332 votes to 137. 22. — Died at Marseilles, aged 80, the Dowager Countess Gilbert de Voisins, formerly Marie Taglioni, opera dancer. — Earthquake of considerable violence in the Eastern Counties. The centre of the dis- turbance was Wivenhoe, and the influence of the shock extended from London on the south to Lincolnshire on the north. Several church spires were injured, and the total damage was estimated at ^20,000, for which a public subscription was raised. 24 . — Questioned in the House regarding the intentions of Government, Mr. Gladstone declined to admit that even the fall of Berber would in any way increase General Gordon’s risks with regard to which he stated, but on information he declined to make public, that there was no immediate military or other danger at Khartoum. — The Chancellor of the Exchequer made his annual Budget speech. He esti- mated the revenue for the incoming year at ^85,550,000, and the expenditure at ^85,291,825. After allowing for a reduction of duty on hackney carriages, there would be an estimated surplus of something less than a quarter of a million. 25 . — The Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, known as the Oratory, South Kensing- ton, opened for divine service by Cardinal Manning. 26 . — Fire (the third within eighteen months) at Messrs. Whiteley’s establishment, West- bourne Grove ; three newly erected buildings were destroyed, the damage being estimated at ^250,000. — Died, aged 72, Viscount Torrington (Sir George Byng), Governor of Ceylon, 1847-50. 27 . — M. de Giers denies that agents had any authority, although he admitted that General Komaroffhad sent two engineers to Yulatan, and would send others “in the case of any necessity arising” to Penj-deh. He concluded by saying that “ no project of annexation is to to be attributed to their movements.” 1448 — Lord Granville wrote on the subject of a Joint Commission : — “ Her Majesty’s Govern- ment are prepared to accept the proposal put forward in 1882, and now repeated by M. de Giers, for the delimitation of the frontier of Afghanistan from Khojah Saleh westwards.” — Died, aged 74, Sir Michael Costa, com- poser and operatic conductor. — Died, aged 85, Michael Thomas Bass, head of the celebrated brewing establishment associated with his name. 28 . — Died at Bridge of Allan, aged 63, Rev. John Kennedy, D.D., Free Church Minister of Dingwall, author of Days of the Fathers in Ross-shire, &c. 30 . — Marriage, at Darmstadt, of Prince Louis of Batten berg and Princess Victoria, eldest daughter of the Grand Duke of Hesse and granddaughter of the Queen. May 1. — The Commons pass into Com- mittee on the Franchise Bill. 2. — Failure of the Oriental Banking Cor- poration. 6. — In the Upper House, Lord Carnarvon criticised the proposal to hold a Conference on Egyptian Finance. The Marquis of Salisbury regarded it as a fatal device for insuring per- manent anarchy, and paralysing the power and compromising the interests of Great Britain. Earl Granville saw nothing monstrous in the proposal to consult the Powers of Europe when it was desired to interfere with international rights. — Mr. Broadhurst, in the Plouse of Com- mons, moved, “That in view of the painful and unnecessary hardships inflicted upon large numbers of people of this country by the law pro- hibiting marriage with a deceased wife’s sister, it is the opinion of this House that a measure of relief is urgently called for.” 238 voted for the motion and 127 against it. 7 . — Statue to William Tyndale on the Thames Embankment, unveiled by Earl Shaftesbury, in presence of a large assembly. The statue, which was executed by Mr. Boehm, had been erected by Mr. J. Macgregor, supported by the British and Foreign Bible Society. — Mr. M’Lagan moved, in the House of Commons, the second reading of the Liquor Traffic Local Veto (Scotland) Bill, when there voted for the motion 65, against it 148. 8 . — National Health Exhibition opened at South Kensington by H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge, acting on behalf of the Prince of Wales. One of the most interesting features of the exhibition was the reproduction in a street of a number of well-known houses in Old London. — Died, aged 69, the Rev. Edward Halifax Hansell, B.D., Mathematical Lecturer at Magdalen College, Oxford. MAY JUNE 9 . — Conclusion of the Hamilton Library sale, the total amount realised being £12,893 12^. 6d. The Beckford Library, previously sold, had fetched ^73,55 1 i8>\, besides the sum of £100,000 for the manuscripts sold to the Berlin Museum. — Died, aged 71, the Rev. Charles Old Goodford, D.D., Provost of Eton. — Died, at Craigmount, Newport, Fife, aged 56, David Pae, for many years editor of People's Friend. 12 . — Died at Colwyn Bay, near Llandudno, aged 67, Robert Angus Smith, F. R.S., a dis- tinguished chemist. 3 . — A second vote of censure on the Egyptian policy of the Government defeated by the narrow majority of 303 to 275. — Died at Chicago, aged 75, the Hon. Cyrus M'Cormick, inventor of the well-known reaping machine. 14 . Panic on the New York Stock Exchange preceding the failure of many banks. 16 . — Burning of the Stadt Theatre, Vienna. 17 . — The Duke of Marlborough petitions the Court of Chancery for permission to sell the Blenheim heirlooms, chiefly pictures by old masters. His Grace subsequently offered twelve of the finest to the National Gallery for £420,000, or five for .£173,250, but the offer was declined by the Treasury. — Earl Granville addresses a despatch to the Charge d’ Affairs at Cairo, directing him to inform General Gordon that as the original plan for the evacuation of Khartoum was dropped, and as no aggressive operations against the Mahdi were contemplated, General Gordon should consider how best to remove himself and the Egyptian garrison from Khar- toum when the Soudanese were not in danger. 19 . — At Berlin Captain Hentsch sentenced to penal servitude for nine years, and Herr von Kaszewski to three years imprisonment in a fortress, for selling information to a foreign Government respecting mobilisation of the German army. 20. — The Secretary for Scotland Bill read a second time in the House of Lords, on the motion of the Earl of Dalhousie. — The King and Queen of Holland visit the Belgian Court, being the first visit of a Dutch sovereign since the Revolution of 1830. 21 . — Duinizulu installed King of Zululand by the Boers. — Cyclone in Burmah. Submergence of the Oyster Reef Lighthouse. 24 . — Foundation stone laid of a new English church in Berlin by the Crown Princess, on a site given for the purpose by the Emperor. 27 . — Lord Granville states that friendly communications were going on with France regarding Egyptian affairs. An adjournment was afterwards made for the Whitsuntide holi- days. — A Bill for the better administration and endowment of the Universities of Scotland, in- troduced by the Lord Advocate, in the House of Commons, and read a first time. 28 . — This year’s Derby terminated in a dead-heat between St. Gatien and Harvester, neither of which was among the favourites. — Marriage of the “Midgets” at St. James’s Hall, Manchester. 29 . — Great Shakespearian show at the Royal Albert Hall. — Died at his residence, Wressil Lodge, Wimbledon, aged 69, Sir Bartle Frere, Anglo- Indian statesman and administrator. 30 . — Dynamite explosions at the Junior Carlton Club, in front of Sir Watkin Wynn’s House, and at Scotland Yard. Great damage was done inside the Club House and also to the Army and Navy Club, Adair House, Win- chester House, and the surrounding buildings. At Scotland Yard the Criminal Investigation Department was much damaged, but in none of the explosions were any lives lost, and the few personal injuries were not serious. 31 . — Arrival at Plymouth of Tawhiao, King of the Maoris, to claim protection of the Queen from the aggression of the Colonial Govern- ment. — City Tan Works, Edinburgh, destroyed by fire ; loss sustained being estimated at £30,000. • — Premises of the Glasgow Tramway and Omnibus Company almost entirely destroyed by fire, and 170 horses burned to death. June 1. — Died, aged 74, Lord Claud Hamilton, brother of the Duke of Abercorn, and formerly M. P. for Tyrone. 2. — Died, aged 75, John Hinde Palmer, Q. C., M.P. for Lincoln. 3 . — Madame da Kolomine, who had [been morganatically married by the Grand Duke of Hesse, signs at Berlin a legal document an- nulling the marriage on the payment of 500,000 marks by the Grand Duke. The lady, a de- scendant of Ulrich von Hutton, resumed her maiden name of Countess Czapska. 4 . Died, age 46, A. B. Wyon, chief en- graver of Her Majesty’s seals. S -. — Died at Edinburgh, Arthur Perigal, R. S.A., well-known landscape painter. 6 . — Died at Birmingham, aged 61, William Bragge, F.S.A., railway promoter and manu- facturer. 8 . — Large Nationalist meeting, attended by over 3,000 persons, held at Newry ; a counter demonstration by Orangmen was frustrated by the Government despatching 1,500 troops, 1449 JUNE JUNE 1884 besides numerous police to the spot. Rioting took place in the evening, but no lives were lost. 11 . — Dr. J. A. Campbell moved, in the House of Commons, the second reading of the Ecclesiastical Assessment (Scotland) Bill. After an interesting debate the House divided, when 103 supported Dr. Campbell’s motion and 160 voted against it. — Died, aged 79, Rev. William Gaskell, husband < f the authoress, and himself a writer on theological subjects. 13 . — Disgraceful proceedings at Lichfield in connection with the annual assembly of the Royal Staffordshire Yeomanry. The distu:- bance originated in an attack made by the Yeomanry in the theatre on many of the actors and actresses, the latter having to take refuge below the stage. Next night Dr. Johnson’s statue was insulted and disfigured, and on the following day (Sunday) the Colonel command- ing (Mr. William Bromley Davenport, M.P. ) dropped down dead from heart disease, aggravated by his efforts to restore peace. — News received of the fall of Berber on the 23rd of May. 15 . —Marriage of Duke Sergius of Russia to Princess Elizabeth of Hesse. 1©. — Commencement of sale of the Foun- tai e Collection of works of art. 19 . — Anti-Jewish riots at Kunarvin, a village near Kijni-Novgorod, resulting in the death of nine Jews, injury to many others, and great destructi n of property. 20. — The Earl of Rosebery moves for a Select Committee to consider the best means of promoting the efficiency of the House of Lords, Negatived by 67 to 38 votes. — The Imperial Government of China sanction the introduction of railways into the country. 21. — Died, age 33, Alexander, Prince of Orange, heir to the throne of Holland. 22. — Rescue of the survivors of the Greely Greely expedition to the North Pole, off Cape Sabrine, by the United States exploring vessels Thetis and Bear. The party had been missing since 188 f, and three search expeditions had been organized. Lieutenant Greely and six companions were the sole survivors of the twenty-six who originally composed the expe- dition. — Two public executions in Italy, one at Naples, the first there since 1861. 23 . — First sign of Russian inclination to exclude Penj-deh from the dominions of the Afghan ruler, after M. Lessar’s return from his visit to the Kushk valley. The English Ambassador was instructed to say, if M. de Giers expected a reply, “that according to the 1450 information in the possession of her Majesty’s Government, Penj-deh had always formed part of Afghanistan ever since that country became a kingdom.” — Outbreak of Cholera at Toulon, the report that twenty persons had died during the preceding week causing a panic among the inhabitants, 8,000 of whom left the town in one day. — Died at Coombe, Surrey, aged 63, Rev. James Baldwin Brown, prominent noncon- formist. 24 . — The Provostship of Eton conferred upon the Rev. James Hornby, D. D. 25 . — Sale of materials of the partly-erected Opera House on the Thames Embankment, which cost ^70,000. Proceeds, ,£2,160. — Died, aged 82, Philip York Gore, fourth Earl of Arran. 26 . — In moving the third reading of the extension of Franchise Bill, Mr. Gladstone re- ferred to the ominous utterances out of doors threatening the rejection of the Bill. The attitude of the Government hitherto, he said, had been in Shakespeare’s words, “ Beware of entrance to a quarrel ; but being in bear’t that the opposer may beware of thee. ”As regarded the incompleteness of the measure, he repeated his contention that no complete Bill had ever been laid before Parliament, and that to in- clude Redistribution, would have been a fraud. Everything had been done to avoid a quarrel. A collision between the two Houses on this question would open a prospect more serious than any he remembered since the first Reform Bill, and he looked forward to the consequences of it with grave apprehension, although with no fear of the result. The motion for a third reading was carried nemine contradicente , a phrase inserted in the “Journals” of the House, at Mr. Gladstone’s suggestion, and which gave rise to a sharp debate next day. — The Secretary for Scotland Bill passed through Committee in the House of Lords. 28 . — First meeting of the conference of the Powers on Egyptian Finance, held in London. Lord Granville appointed President. Seven sittings were held in all, at various dates up to the 2nd of August, when the Delegate’s sepa- rated without having come to any satisfactory basis for an arrangement of Egyptian Finance. 30 . — The case of the Attorney-General v. Bradlaugh, for the recovery of a penalty of ^500, for sitting and voting in the House of Commons, without having complied with the requisite formalities, concluded to-day by a verdict which was entered in favour of the Crown. — Theatre-Royal, Edinburgh, destroyed by fire. JULY 1884 JULY July 1. — The Franchise Bill in the House of Lords. Earl Cairns gives notice of his in- tention to move “ that this House while prepared to concur in a well-considered and complete scheme for the extension of the Franchise, does not think it right to assent to the second reading of a Bill having for its object a fund- amental change in the electoral body which is not accompanied by provisions which will in- sure the full and free representation of the people, by any adequate security that the Bill shall not come into operation except as an entire scheme. — Opening of International Forestry Ex- hibition in Edinburgh. — Died at Wiesbaden, aged 66, General Count Todleben, Russian military engineer, celebrated for his defence of Sebastopol against the allies. 2. — Miss Miller, a member of the London School Board and a prominent advocate of Women’s Suffrage, having refused to pay her taxes on the ground that taxation was the basis of representation ; a distraint was made on her effects which were sold to cover the claim. 3. — The 700th anniversary of the incorpora- tion of the city of Winchester celebrated by a succession of fetes and religious services ex- tending over two days. 4 . — Died, aged 67, the Right Hon. Wm. Bernard Petre, a prominent member of the Roman Catholic laity in England. 5. — While presiding at the festival of the Railway Guards Friendly Society, the Prince of Wales takes occasion to express in the name of the Queen and the Royal Family their thanks for the public sympathy shown. on the death of the Duke of Albany. 6 . — Second reading of the Franchise Bill moved in the Lords by Earl Kimberley, who was supported by the Duke of Argyll, Lord Jersey, Lord Fife, the Duke of Marlborough, Lord Morley, Lord Derby, Earl Granville, and others, while the amendment of Earl Cairns (see July 1st.) was supported by the Duke of Richmond, Lord Carnarvon, and the Marquess of Salisbury. After a debate ex- tending over two nights the amendment was carried by 205 to 146 votes. — Died, aged 74, Dr. George A. Walker, sanitary reformer. IO. —The tercentenary of the death of William the Silent celebrated at Delft. — Died, at Berlin, aged 73, Professor Lepsius, Egyptologist. — At a meeting of the Liberal party held to-day at the Foreign Office, Mr. Gladstone, speaking on the action of the Peers, dwelt on two great points. One was the entire novelty of the assertion tint the Lords who had no H5I constituents had a right to compel an appeal to the country, the other was that during the debate the Government had actually offered a compromise to the Tory leader proposing to pass in both Houses an identical resolution declaring that each House had passed the Franchise Bill in reliance on the promise of the Government to introduce a Redistribution Bill next session. This proposal Lord Salis- bury rejected, being of opinion that the offer gave no greater security than would exist without it for the passing of a Redistribution Bill, and that therefore it could not be ac- cepted. 12. — The Prince and Princess of Wales lay the memorial stone of the new bridge at Putney, intended to replace the wooden bridge built in 1729. 13 . — Died, at Chester, aged 81, the Right Rev. William Jacobson, D.D., formerly Bishop of Chester. 15 . — Died, at his residence, Albemarle Street, aged 80, Earl Cowley, diplomatist, ambassador at Paris, 1852-67. 16 . — Accident on the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln Railway near Penistone. Whilst running at the rate of fifty miles an hour an axle of the engine broke, causing it to leave the rails. The whole train was thrown over an embankment thirty feet high. Nineteen passengers were killed on the spot, six died subsequently, and over fifty were injured. 17 . — The Franchise Bill in the House of Lords. The' Earl of Wemyss moved: “That this House, being in possession of full know- ledge of all that has passed with reference to the Franchise Bill, the principle of which has already been accepted by this House, is of opinion that it should be proceeded with and considered with a view to its being passed in the present session ; and this House is farther of opinion that an humble address should be presented to Her Majesty to summon Parlia- ment to assemble in the month of October next for the purpose of considering the Redistri- bution Bill which Her Majesty’s Ministers have undertaken to use their best endeavours to pass so soon as the Franchise Bill has re- ceived the royal assent. Lord Salisbury, in opposing the motion, said that Mr. Gladstone had avowed that he intended to use the pass- ing of the Representation of the People Bill as a lever by which he might compel the op- position in both houses to accept whatever scheme of redistribution he might offer to Parliament. There were two reasons for not accepting a promise of a Redistribution Bill, one that circumstances were stronger than men, and that though the Government might promise to bring in a Bill, they did not and could not promise what that Bill was to be. On division the motion was rejected by 182 to 132. From this time until the reas embling of Parliament, the conflict between th 'j Houses HU* jul y 1884 AUGUST was the subject of much platform oratory and processional demonstrations pursued with great vigour by the prominent members of both parties all over the country. 17 . — Died, suddenly, at Nottingham, whi- ther he had gone to hold the summer assize?, Mr. Justice Williams, aged 56. — The quincentenary of the death of Wycliffe celebrated at his native village of Wycliffe, near Barnard Cdstle. 18 . — Two policemen shot whilst attempting to capture two burglars near Hoxton. The burglars were taken after a struggle and tried at the Central Criminal Court, September 16th, when they were sentenced to penal servitude, one for life the other for twenty years. 19 . — Died, at Brescia, aged 76, Count Cesaresco, one of the last of Italian liberators. — Birth of a young Duke of Albany at Claremont. 20. — Collision between two ships of the reserve squadron whilst manoeuvring off the south-west coast of Ireland, the Defence ram- ming the Valiant , and causing considerable damage to both vessels. 21. — Demonstration in Hyde Park con- demning the action of the House of Lords in regard to the Franchise Bill. Similar demon- strations were held in many of the large towns of the kingdom during August. — Collision between the Laxham and Gijon off Cape Finisterre, 130 lives lost. 28 . — Mrs. Weldon obtains a verdict against Dr. Semple for signing the certificate pro- nouncing her insane, the damages being assessed at ^1,000 and £20 for trespass. — Arrival at Plymouth of the African explorer, Mr. H. M. Stanley. — Sale and dispersion of Edmond’s (Womb- well’s) Royal Windsor Castle Menagerie. 29 . — Conference for promoting the Feder- ation’s of the Colonies held in Westminster Palace Hotel. The Rt. Hon. W. E. Forster presided, and the meeting was attended by many statesmen of both parties. 31 . — Died in London, aged 80, Charles Manby, F.R.S., civil engineer. August 1. — The Select Committee of the House of Commons agree, after an inquiry of twenty days, that the preamble of the Man- chester Ship Canal Bill had not been proved. — The Prince of Wales presides at a meet- ing, held at the Guildhall, commemorating the jubilee of the Abolition of Slavery in the British Colonies. 2. — Collision off Gravesend between the Dione and the Camden, the former sinking in two minutes with twenty-three of her passengers and crew. 1452 2. — Died in Massachussetts, aged 76, Pro- fessor J. B. Jenks, linguist. 5 . — Announcement made that the Govern- ment had decided to send Lord Northbrook to Egypt as High Commissioner to inquire into its finances and condition. Soon after his arrival at Cairo the Egyptian Government with the approval of the British Ministry suspended the funding of the sums specially assigned for the redemption of the public debt, applying the money to the pressing needs of the administra- tion. This suspension lasted six weeks. Lord Wolseley accompanied Lord Northbrook to examine and report as to the military situation. — Died at Canterbury, aged 63, George F. Pardon, well-known under the nom de plume of Captain Crawley. 6. — Died, aged 80, Sir William Codrington, a distinguished Crimean officer. 7 . — After much dilatory correspondence the Luderitz Territory at Angra Pequena is placed under the protection of Germany by one of the Emperor’s ships. — Announcement made by the Postmaster - General, Mr. Fawcett, of the Government concessions to the telephone companies. Whilst reserving the right of carrying on telephone business itself the Post Office would grant licenses to individuals and companies under certain restrictions. 8 . — Died, aged 75, Sir Erasmus Wilson, President of the Royal College of Surgeons, a high authority on diseases of the skin, and who removed from Egypt at his own sole cost, the Thames Embankment Obelisk known as Cleopatra’s Needle. 9 . — A remarkable ascent made from Meudon, near Paris, by M. Renard in a cigar-shaped balloon. After travelling a short distance with the wind the balloon described a semi-circle returning against the wind. The motive power was stored in accumulators and the steering power was worked by electricity. 11 . — Fire at the Belgrave Hat Depot in Wilton Road, Pimlico, causing the death of five persons. — The village of Ziebegeny in Upper Hungary wholly swept away by a flood. 12 . — The French National Assembly, after many protracted negotiations and violent scenes in debate, passes the Bill for Revision of the Constitution by 509 to 149 votes. — The statue of the Duke of Wellington removed from Plyde Park Corner to Aldershot. — Died, aged 62, from a stroke of light- ning on Braidshawrig Muir, near Lauder, Charles Maitland, twelfth Earl of Lauderdale. 13 . — Died suddenly, at Brighton Railway Station, the Duke of Wellington, son of the hero of Waterloo. The Duke was born in 1807. AUGUST 1884 SEPTEMBER 14 . — Parliament prorogued by Royal Com- mission, the speech from the throne making an appeal to both leaders and to the nation in favour of order and moderation in the present crisis. During the session 54 Government and 27 private Bills received royal assent, while 27 Government and 106 private measures were withdrawn, among the former being the London Government Bill, the Railway Regulation Bill, and the Criminal Law Amendment Bill. — Earl Cowper in a letter to the Times suggests a compromise in the present conflict between the Government and the House of Lords. “The Government seem determined to present this Bill once more in the autumn for the acceptance or rejection of the House, just as it now stands, unaccompanied by any other measure ; and it is hardly conceivable that any assembly should be so wanting in self- respect and consistency as to swallow in No- vember what they refused in July. . . . The Government admitted in the debate on Lord Wemyss’s motion that they can, if they choose, present a Redistribution Bill in the autumn. I say at once boldly, that though I call myself a good Liberal, I consider that as they admit the possibility of this, it is their duty to do it, I know that it would require some courage to pursue the course I recommended. But what would be the effect as to the real objects and manoeuvres of opposition leaders ? Would they not be foiled and frustrated in the most complete manner? . . . The real object of the Conservative leaders was pretty well known from the first, and they now no longer even attempt to disguise it. To force a dissolution as soon as possible and with the present con- stituencies before the defeat of Hicks and Baker and the massacre of the Egyptian garri- sons are forgotten, and while it can still be asserted with plausibility that Gordon has been abandoned.” 20. — The Prince and Princess of Wales visit Newcastle-on-Tyne, where, in addition to a public park, they opened a natural history museum, a free library, and next day a new dock. 22 . — Died at Twickenham, aged 88, Heniy George Bohn, F.S.A., bookseller and publisher. 23 . — Bombardment of Foo-Chow by the French. Admiral Courbet drew up the French squadron in front of the arsenal, which was completely destroyed in six hours. The Min- gan forts were silenced on the 26th and Kimpai on the 28th. 25 . — Died at Berlin, aged 55, Lord Ampthill, diplomatist, known through the greater part of his career as Lord Odo William Russell. 27 . — Meeting of the British Association at Montreal, Canada. The first meeting held beyond the limits of the United Kingdom. HH 2 28 . — 'The Duke of Edinburgh visits Dublin, and is most cordially received by the inhabitants. 29 . — Mr. H. J. Webb accomplishes a tricycle journey from Land’s End to John o’Groats, 898 miles, in 7 days, 1 8 hours, 50 minutes. 30 . — Died, aged 65, Dr. James Collis Brown, inventor of chlorodyne. — Mr. Gladstone, who had just completed a “triumphal progress” from Hawarden to Dalmeny, addresses the Midlothian electors in the Edinburgh Corn Exchange. He began by explaining that the special purpose for which he visited his constituents was to pro- mote by every legitimate means in his power the speedy passing of the Franchise Bill. “ What we want is a national expression of opinion upon this great question, whether two millions of our fellow subjects are to be ad- mitted to a share in political and parliamentary power. I do not believe that the House of Lords has as yet placed itself in a position of irretrievable error. I believe it to be possible that it may go back, and may go back with dignity and with honour.” Mr. Gladstone went on to show that the Franchise Bill was a most moderate one, full of concessions to Conservative feeling. The Redistribution Bill was postponed because its introduction would have rendered the passing of the Reform Bill impossible. Government, allowing for the natural business of supply and votes of censure, had thirty-one nights at its disposal, and of these twenty-five were occupied in the discussion of the Franchise Bill. The reason therefore of its rejection by the Lords was to be sought elsewhere, and although he refused to “widen out the issue,” the conviction forced itself upon his mind that “ the legisla- tive action of the House of Lords for the last fifty years had not been a benefit or a blessing to the country. September 1. — The foundation stone of a new hall for the Butchers’ Company, Bartho- lomew Close, City, laid in almost the same site as the original hall built for the Company in 1548. — Mr. Gladstone’s second speech to the Midlothian electors devoted to a vindication of the Government policy at home and abroad. He declared that whilst the last four years of Conservative administration had resulted in a deficiency of .£7,330,000, the Liberal Govern- ment in its first four years had had a surplus £i,55°,ooo. As regarded Ireland, crime had greatly diminished, and its quality was not serious. He did not assert that the Irish Question was altogether settled, but “ Parlia- mentary and political difficulties are one thing and social difficulties are another.” After re- viewing the foreign policy in India, South Africa and elsewhere, Mr. Gladstone explained our position in Egypt. Great improvements had been introduced in the administration of 1453 SEPTEMBER 1884 OCTOBER the country, noiseless but real, and would he hoped leave behind them when they quitted Egypt, traces honourable to the British name. “We a>*e now engaged in considering the best means we can adopt for fulfilling our obligations to the gallant General Gordon.” 2. — Died, aged 91, Joseph Livesey reputed founder of the Total Abstinence movement. 4 -. — Afghan Boundary difficulty. General Sir Teter Lumsden, Chief Commissioner on behalf of the British Government, left London, travel- ling via Teheran and Meshed (the shortest route), with the express intention of reaching the rendezvous by the stipulated day, 1st October. 5 . — Died at Morton-Pinkney, Banbury, Northamptonshire, aged 94, Marfa Janet, Baroness Sempill. — Died at Monymusk, Aberdeenshire, aged 61, Sir Archibald Grant, Bart. S. — At the Falmouth police court the cap- tain, mate and survivors of the yacht Mignonette charged with the murder of Kichard Parker a boy. The vessel was lost on July 5th, and the survivors, who had been in an open boat for fourteen days killed Parker, who was then in the last stage of exhaustion, and subsisted on his body for five days. The case came before Baron Huddlestone at the Exeter Assizes on November 8th, when the jury found the facts proved, but left the Court of Criminal Appeal to decide what in law the offence amounted to. They were found guilty of murder December 4th, sentenced to death on the 9th, which was commuted to six months imprisonment with hard labour. — The Czar and Czarina with their family arrive at Warsaw, where upwards of 1,000 persons were said to have been previously ar- rested and imprisoned. — Died, aged 83, George Bentham, F.R.S., F.L. S., botanist. 0. — The cholera which had been breaking out in several Italian towns during the autumn increases suddenly in Naples. Eleven hundred deaths have occurred since the outbreak, the maximum ranging from 250 to 300 in twenty- four hours. IO. — The appointment of Lord Duffevin to be Viceroy of India announced. 12. — Died, John Netton Radcliffe, medical inspector to the Privy Council. 14 -. — Sir E. Thornton appointed ambassador at Constantinople, and Sir R. B. D. Morier ambassador at St. Petersburg ; but in con- sequence of the relations between England and Russia arising out of the projected delimi- tation of the Afghan frontier, Sir Edward was afterwards ordered to remain at St. Petersburg for the present. Sir E. Mallet was appointed to succeed Lord Ampthill at Berlin. 1454 15 . — The Emperors of Germany and Austria arrive at Skiernivice, a small town in Russian Poland, where they were received by the Czar and the Russian royal family. — Died, Dr. J. J. Woodward, microscopist. 20. — Died, aged 74, Antoine Brocher, writer on international law. 22. — Wreck of H.M. Gunboat Wasp , 465 tons, off Tory Island on the coast of Donegal. Out of a crew of fifty-eight officers and men only six of the latter were saved. 23 . — Indian detachment of Frontier Com- mission and escort start from Quetta. The party, commanded by Colonel Ridgeway, con- sist of some thirty-eight Europeans and about 1,300 natives, the latter including an escort of 250 men of the 20th Punjaub Infantry and 200 troopers of the 1 1 th Bengal Lancers. — Sir Peter Lumsden arrived at Tiflis, and met General Zelenoy, the Russian Commis- sioner, and Prince Dondoukoff- Korsakoff, the Governor-General of the Caucasus. The Prince tried to impress on General Lumsden the fact of Penj-deh not being in Afghanistan. General Zelenoy had to return to St. Peters- burg 1o receive his instructions (thought to be moulded upon his report of the preliminary conversation). 29 . — Departure of Lord Wolseley from Cairo for the relief of Khartoum. October 1. — Lord Salisbury, addressing the Glasgow Conservatives, replies to Mr. Gladstone’s recent speeches on the conflict between the Houses. “ If you have any danger to fear from the free working of our institutions, it is from the growth of the power of the wire-puller, centred in the caucus under the direction of the Prime Minister — master of the House of Commons, master of the House of Lords, nay, yielding but apparent and simu- lated obedience to the orders of the Sovereign, gathering into his own hands every power of the State and using them so that when the renewal of power comes his influence may be overwhelming and his powers may be re- newed.” — The bicentenary of the death of Pierre Corneille celebrated by religious services in the church of St. Roche, where the poet was buried. 2. —Died at Kappel, Switzerland, aged 89, Professor Karl Voelker, one of the earliest advocates of the Pestalozzian system in this country. — The new Council Chamber erected at the Guildhall opened. 3. — The Royal Palace of Christiansborg at Copenhagen destroyed by fire. The Ritter- s lal and the chambers occupied by the Rigsdag were completely burnt, but paintings and OCTOBER OCTOBER 1884 curiosities were for the most part saved. Thorvaldsen’s Museum, which adjoins the palace, was only saved by blowing up the neighbouring buildings with dynamite. 4 ■ — Lord Hartington, addressing electors of North East Lancashire at Rawtenstall, de- clares, though in veiled and cautious language, the willingness of the Government to meet any overtures that might be made to them for terminating the contest between Lords and Commons. — Colonel J. Donald Stewart (1 ithHussars), M. Herbin, French Vice-Consul at Khartoum, and a party of forty men massacred by the Arabs at Wady Gama, where their steamer stuck on a rock on the voyage from Berber to Dongola. — • Died at Lausanne, Augustus Craven, husband of the well-known authoress. 6. — The inner circle of the Metropolitan Railway completed and opened for traffic. By this means the railways south of the Thames were brought into connection with the Metro- politan system. — Died at Cromwell House, South Ken- sington, aged 60, Sir Charles James Freake, builder. 7 -— Mr. Chamberlain, speaking at Flanley, announces even more clearly than Lord Hart- ington the willingness of the Government to arrive at some amicable settlement. “ There may be men in the Tory ranks who have fol- lowed Lord Salisbury with reluctance, and who would not follow him at all if they could feel assured that the scheme of redistribution which we shall produce would be a fair scheme — that a more equal value than at pre- sent would be given to every voter. Well, I can only say that to such a desire as that every attention should be paid, The prime con- dition must be that the Franchise Bill shall be ] assed. We cannot play with the rights of two millions of people. It is said that the Lords will not give way. Then I say neither will the people submit.” 8. — The Standard publishes an alleged draft of the Government Redistribution Scheme, the accuracy of which was at once officially denied, it being one of several pro- posals made to the Government, and its pub- lication must have been obtained by a breach of duty. The scheme was however accepted very generally as giving a fair indication of the intentions of the Cabinet. 9 . — Died at Corfu, aged 77, Sir Charles Sebright, K.C. M.G., Consul-General for the Ionian Isles. 10. — Dr. Samuel Rabbeth, aged 27, of the Royal Free Hospital, Gray’s Inn Road, find- ing that a child on whom tracheotomy had been petformed would die of diphtheria unless the suffocating membrane were removed, sucked it away through a tube fully conscious of his danger. He was almost at once in- fected and died in consequence of his self- devotion. 10. — Proclamation issued announcing the British Protectorate over all the southern coasts of New Guinea to the eastward of the 141st meridian of east longitude. Toward the end of the year news arrived that the German flag had been hoisted on the northern coasts and on various islands of the South Pacific. 11 . — Dynamite explosions in Quebec, partly destroying the new Parliament House. 13 . — Greenwich time adopted as universal by the Prime Meridian Conference at Wash- ington. — Riotous outbreak of party feeling at Birmingham. It was intended to hold a Con- servative meeting in Aston Park, to which admittance was only obtainable by ticket. The local Liberals however thought fit to organize a counter-demonstration outside the park gates. In a short time the wall was tom down and the rival meetings were soon in col- lision. The hall was wrecked, and everything poi table in the gardens was soon destroyed. This incident was the subject of repeated re- ference in Parliament during the ensuing winter session, and caused much mutual re- crimination between prominent members of both parties. 15 - The ocean race from New York to Queenstown between the Oregon and the America won by the former by about six hours, her time being six days, twelve hours, twenty-seven minutes. 16 - — Died, aged 76, Paul Lacroix, “Bib- liophile Jacob.” 17 - — Died at Dublin, aged 63, the Rev. Richard Townsend, mathematician. — Died at Dartry, near Dublin, aged 54, Alexander Martin Sullivan, journalist, and one of the founders of the Home Rule movement in Ireland. 18 - — Died at Sibyllenort, near Breslau, aged 78, William Duke of Brunswick. 20- — Arthur Orton, the “ Tichborne Claimant,” released from Pentonville Prison after ten years’ and eight months’ confine- ment, the balance of the term of fourteen years having been remitted on the ground of prisoner’s good conduct- — Admiral Courbet, the French Com- mander in Chinese waters, proclaims the blockade of the island of Formosa. The want of sufficient force to make the blockade effective led to its being disregarded by all neutrals. H 55 OCTOBER 1884 NOVEMBER 20 . — Died at Florence, aged 55, Karl Hillebrand, German, French, and English writer. 21 . — Died at Fontainebleau Palace, aged 80, Adolphe Regnier, philologist. 23 . — Parliament opened by commission for the winter session, the Queen’s speech stating that it had been brought together to give “ farther consideration to the great subject of the representation of the people in Parliament.” Next day the Franchise Bill was introduced into the Commons and read a first time with- out discussion. 25 . — Died, aged 76, the Rev. Alexander Anderson, M.A., LL.D., founder of the Channing School, Aberdeen. 27 . — After a heated discussion between Lord R. Churchill, Sir H. D. Wolff, and Mr. Chamberlain, as to the Aston Riot, the President of the Board of Trade said he should be pre- pared to meet the charge, which in the mean- while he absolutely denied. Irish debate again adjourned. — Sir Moses Montefiore received more than 800 letters and 600 telegrams of congratulation on the completion of his hundreth year. These were in all languages, and came from every part of the world. There was a special service at the Jewish synagogue at Ramsgate. 2 9 . —Discussion on the situation in South Africa. Mr. Evelyn Ashley defended the action of the Colonial Office, and announced the appointment of Sir Charles Warren as head of a British expedition to Bechuanaland, to secure the objects the Government had in view. 3 q. — T he International Health Exhibition at South Kensington closed, having been visited by 4,167,683 persons since its opening. — Lord R. Churchill moved an amend- ment to the Address, with reference to Mr. Chamberlain’s recent speeches. After an animated discussion the amendment was re- jected by 214 votes to 178. November 1. — Fifteen persons killed and many injured in a panic caused by a false alarm of fire in the Star Theatre, Glasgow. — Died at Benares, aged 96, Mrs. Kennedy, widow of Lieut. -General James Kennedy, mother of eighteen children, of whom seven were generals in the army. — Died at Antigua, aged 66, Edwin Donald Baynes, C.M.G., Lieut. -Governor of the Lee- ward Islands. 2 . — Died, aged 86, Gustave Reichardt, German song-writer. 4 . — The Address agreed to without a division after repeated adjournments of the debate, during which the Maamtrasna murders, the 1456 Aston Park riots, South African politics, and Egyptian affairs were successively the subjects of prolonged discussion. — Foundation stone of the National Liberal Club in Northumberland Avenue laid by Mr. Gladstone. — Died at Notting Hill, aged 81, Octavian Blewitt, for forty-six years secretary to the Literary Fund. 5 . — At the Manchester Assizes, Mr. Edward Brooke, of Polo Hall, Conway, indicted for having libelled Mr. W. Agnew, M.P. and Mr. W. L. Agnew, his nephew, was fined £S°°> with costs, for the first libel, and for the second. — Spread of Asiatic cholera in France, several cases being announced from Paris to- day. In July about one hundred deaths occurred in the Department of the Seine, and at the end of October there were eleven cases in Yport. 6. — Mr. Gladstone in a brief speech moved the second reading of the Franchise Bill. An amendment insisting on its being accompanied by a Redistribution Bill was moved by Colonel Stanley, but before the House met next day it was evident that overtures for a compromise, if not actually made, were anticipated, and that on each side they would meet with a favourable reception. There was no desire therefore to protract the discussion, and on November 7th the second reading was carried by 372 against 232. — Died at Cambridge, aged 51, the Rt. Hon. Henry Fawcett, M.P., Postmaster- General, and Professor of Political Economy at Cambridge. This esteemed statesman was buried at Trumpington on the 10th. 7 . — In the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice an injunction is granted on behalf of Lord Lytton restraining Miss Louisa Devey, executrix to the late Lady Lytton, and Messrs. Swan Sonnenschein & Co., pub- lishers, from publishing certain letters written by the late Lord Lytton to his wife, and by the present earl to his mother. 8. — Fifteen lives lost in an explosion of fire- damp at Hochin Colliery, Tredegar. 10. — Died at Colchester, aged 63, Lieut. - General William Brett, commander of the 54th Foot during the burning of the Sarah Sands. (See p. 500). 11 . — In spite of a distinct change of line in the debate, the conciliatory disposition mani- fested in the earlier stages having almost dis- appeared the Franchise Bill was read a third time without a division. 13 . — Lord Hartington moves for a supple- mentary estimate of ^1,000,000 for the Nile Expedition, and explains the reasons which NOVEMBER 1884 NOVEMBER had guided the Government in choosing the Nile route, the main consideration being the enormous cost of the land transport if the Suakin route had been chosen. It was ad- mitted that the expedition had encountered greater delays than had been anticipated in getting to Dongola and Debleh. The vote was agreed to by 73 to 13, as well as one for ^324,000 for navy services in connection with Egypt. Another vote of ^675, oco for army purposes in connection with the expedition to Bechuanaland to expel the Dutch freebooters from Montsivas territory was agreed to after much hostile discussion by 78 to 31 votes. 13 . — Earl Granville uaveils a bust of the late Archbishop of Canterbury in Westminster Abbey. — Departure of Lord Dufferin to assume the Governor- Generalship of India. — Died, aged 54, Dr. Alfred Brehm, naturalist and traveller. 14 . — The Afghan Frontier Commission under Colonel Ridgeway arrive in the neigh- bourhood of Herat. The Russian Commis- sioners, owing to the illness of General Zelenoy, had not arrived at the Frontier, although the outposts of the Russian army were advanced to Pul-i-Katan. 15 . — Miss Keyse — an elderly lady — found brutally murdered among the burning ruins of her house at Babbicombe Glen, Torquay. Her butler was afterwards tried for the crime. — Close of the Presidential contest in the United States on the completion of the vote of New York, Governor Cleveland defeating Mr. Blaine. 16 . — Died at Kensington Park, in his 80th year, General Sir George Lawrence, one of the most prominent heroes of the Afghan and Mutiny campaigns. 17 . — Agitation among the Skye crofters against ejectment, during which the officers of the law were several times deforced in the execution of their duties. To-day a force of 250 marines and artillery marched across the most disaffected part of the island with a design to overawe the population. — In order to meet the extra expenditure in Egypt and South Africa, the Chancellor of the Exchequer proposes to raise the income tax for the year from 5 d to 6 d., making its action retrospective. After some discussion the proposal was agreed to. — The Franchise Bill having been already formally introduced into the House of Lords (November 13), Lord Granville in moving the second reading to-day makes a proposal on the part of the Government to the Conservative opposition. Without sacrificing their object, the Government could not come to any under- standing unless they received an assurance that the Franchise Bill should pass at an early date during that session ; but if they received that assurance they would be prepared to make the main provisions of a Redistribution Bill, or even a draft of a Bill, drawn in accordance with the plan already sketched by Mr. Glad- stone, the subject of friendly communications. They would undertake to move in the House of Commons the second reading of the Redis- tribution Bill simultaneously with the Franchise Bill going into Committee, or reaching any farther stage in their lordships’ House ; and they would farther undertake to proceed with the Redistribution Bill at all possible speed so that it might pass through the House of Commons at an early period of next year. A similar announcement was made in the Com- mons by Mr. Gladstone. 18 . — Lord Salisbury in the House of Lords announces that as a result of a communication of Mr. Balfour with the Government, Lord Hartington had stated that the Government would receive in trust a communication from the opposition that they would go into consulta- tion on the Redistribution Bill, and would not ask for the assurance as to the passing of the Franchise Bill as a preliminary to such a con- sultation. The Bill was then read a second time without a division ; and on the motion of Lord Salisbury the committee stage was postponed for a fortnight in order to bring the arrangements between the Government and the opposition to a final and satisfactory conclusion. — Meeting at the Westminster Palace Hotel to support the foundation of “The Imperial Federation League,” whose objects should be to secure the permanent unity of the Empire, and adequately to provide for the organized defence of common rights. Mr. W. E. Forster , presided, and the meeting was addressed by Lords Normanby, Rosebery, Dunraven, and several representatives of the colonies, includ- ing Sir John Macdonald (Canada), and Mr. Murray Smith (Victoria). — Died at St. Petersburg, aged 51, Pro- fessor Bauer, Russian historian. 20. — Miss Finney, known on the stage as Miss Fortescue, obtains by consent a verdict with £10, coo damages, the largest amount on record, as yet, for breach of promise, against Lord Garmoyle, eldest son of Earl Cairns. — Earl Stair elected Chancellor of Glas- gow University. 21 . — Motion by Mr. Labouchere, having for its object the reform of the House of Lords defeated by 147 to 73 votes. — Died in Dublin, aged 82, the Rt. Hon. Mountifort Longfield, D.D., one of the En- cumbered Estates Commissioners and a writer on economic questions. 22. — Resumption of negotiations between the Government and the Opposition leaders 1457 NOVEMBER 1884 DECEMBER with reference to the Redistribution Bill. Lord Salisbury and Sir S. Northcote visited Downing Street at noon, and remained for two hours in consultation with Mr. Gladstone, Lord Hartington, and Sir Charles Dilke. 22. — The case of Adams and Coleridge for libel concluded before Mr. Justice Manisty and a special jury after a trial of two days. After some consultation the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff on the ground that the defen- dant showed vindictiveness in not withdrawing the letter when opportunity offered, and awarded the plaintiff .£3,000 damages. Mr. Justice Manisty ruled that there was no evidence on which such a verdict could be founded, and gave judgment for the defendant with costs. — Died, aged 92, Lieut. -Colonel Stretton, one of the few remaining Peninsular veterans. 23 . — Mr. Gladstone announced that he hoped to introduce a Bill for the Redistribution of Seats on that day week. The Income-tax Bill read a third time, after which the adjourn- ment of the House till the 1st of December was carried. 24 . — Died at Bradford Abbas, Dorset, aged 70, James Buckman, geologist and botanist. 25 . — Died at Bristol, Susanna Winkworth, translator of Theologia Germanica , Life of Luthery and other German works. — Died, aged 76, Robert A. C. Godwin- Austin, antiquary. 27 . — Died, aged 74, Fanny Ellsler, dancer. 29 . — Concluded before Mr. Justice Denman and a special jury the case of Mrs. Weldon and Dr. Winslow. Verdict for the plaintiff with damages for assault £500, and for other charges arising out of that act, one shilling. 30 . — Died at Edinburgh, aged 58, Sir Alexander Grant, Principal and Vice-Chan- cellor of the University of Edinburgh. December 1. — Mr. Gladstone introduces the Redistribution Bill. It was proposed to increase the number of the members of the House by 12, making a total of 670. These 12 members were to be given to Scotland, in- creasing the number to 72. The actual num- ber of members in the House at present was only 652, but there were six disfranchised seats which would be revived and given to England. The members for Ireland and Wales, 103 and 30 respectively to remain unchanged. Con- siderable opposition was manifested to the proposed division of the great cities into single member wards or districts, and the adoption of this principle led to the resignation of Mr. Courtney, Financial Secretary to the Treasury. In view of the advanced period of the year, it was proposed to take the next stage of the Bill with as little delay as possible, reading it the second time as a necessary formality, and reserving the general discussion till after t'he Christmas vacation. 1458 1. — General Lumsden and Colonel Ridge- way reach Penj-deh. 2 . — Announcement made in both Houses of the Government proposals regarding the Navy. In addition to the sum taken in the current estimates, it was proposed to spend £3,085,000 on contract work ; namely, one first-class ironclad, five belted cruisers, two torpedo rams, ten “ scouts,” and thirty torpedo boats, the execution of the work to extend over five >ears. In addition to this, £1,600,000 was to be expended on naval ordnance, and £825,000 on coaling stations. — Outbreak of cholera in the French fleet, blockading Formosa. 3 . — Unveiling of a memorial bust to the late Duke of Albany in Esher Church. — The Tyburnia , a British ship, fired upon by the Portuguese at Madeira. 4 . — The infant son of the Duchess of Albany, who had been privately baptized shortly after his birth, christened at Esher Parish Church, in presence of the Queen and other members of the Royal Family. — Insurrection in Corea, the king’s son and six of his ministers being assassinated. — Died at Bristol, aged 79, Canon Girdle- stone. — Died, Mrs. Meadows White, composer, known in the musical world as Alice Mary Smith. 5. — The Franchise Bill read a third time in the House of Lords. The committee stage ot the measure had, with the consent of the Government, been postponed until the day on which the Redistribution Bill was read a second time in the Commons (Dec, 4th), and after a few protests and ineffectual at- tempts to introduce amendments, it was re- ported unaltered. To-day it was read a third time, and became law just before the House adjourned on the 6th. — A salmon, said to be the largest ever taken from any European river, netted in the Tay. It measured five feet in length, and weighed 80 pounds. — Died at Kensington, aged 62, Dr. Augustus Voelcker, agricultural chemist. 6. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 72, Sir Henry James Seton-Steuart, of Touch- Seton and Allanton, Bart., Hereditary Armour-Bearer and Squire of the Royal Body in Scotland. — Died, aged 84, Charles Ross, chief of the Times Parliamentary staff. 7 . — Severe, south-westerly gale, the steamer Pochard , 1,135 tons > foundering off the Mersey with all hands, and the Alliance , 1,000 tons, being wrecked off Boscastle with the loss of twenty lives. DECEMBER 884 DECEMBER 7. — Anti-Mormon riot in Sheffield. 8 . — Arrival of Lord Dufferin at Bombay to assume the duties of Viceroy. — Mr. Bradlaugh’s motion for a new trial of the information laid against him on the part of the Crown, which when tried “at bar ” had resulted in three penalties of £s°° each, for having sat and voted in the House without taking the oath, decided by a court composed of Lord Chief Justice Coleridge, Mr. Justice Grove, and Baron Huddlestone. The previous judgment was adhered to, and a new trial refused. — Opening of the eighty-seventh annual show of the Smithfield Cattle Club with the largest number of entries on record. — The Scottish Geographical Society in- augurated in Glasgow with an address by Mr. H. M. Stanley, African explorer, under the presidency of Lord Rosebery. — Capture of Bhamo by the Chinese. - — Died at Berne, aged 47, Auguste Bridel, engineer of the St. Gothard Railway. 10. — The French forces in Tonquin, com- manded by General Briere de l’Isle, defeat the Chinese at Bacninh. — Died at Berlin, Dr. Karl Mayer, philo- logist. — Died at Paris, aged 69, General Fleury, Bonapartist. — Died at Paris, aged 36, Bastien Lepage, French painter. 11 . — Simultaneous demand made by Ger- many and Russia to be represented on the commission of the Egyptian debt. 13 . — Lord Reay appointed Governor of Bombay in succession to Sir James Fergusson. — The centenary of Dr. Samuel John- son’s death commemorated by a service in St. Clement Dane’s, where he had been a frequent attender. — Dynamite explosion at London Bridge. A charge of dynamite had been attached to one of the buttresses, and at 5 45 p.m. the explosion occurred, shattering many windows, and severely shaking a few foot passengers, but doing no damage to the masonry of the bridge, 16 . — Fire in a large timber yard adjoining the Grand Junction Canal, at Dalston. It continued burning for several days, the efforts of the firemen being confined to the protec- tion of adjacent property. — The World’s Industrial Exhibition, at New Orleans, opened by telegram from Presi- dent Arthur, at Washington. 18 . — Fire at St. John’s Catholic Orphan Asylum, Brooklyn, the flames spreading so rapidly that several inmates were unable to escape. A nun was killed in leaping from a window, and twelve children burnt to death. 19 . — Died at Pinkisburn, near Edinburgh, the Rev. Wm. Lindsay Alexander, D.L)., author of several theological works, and a member of the Old Testament Revision Company. — - Resignation of Dr. Wordsworth, Bishop of Lincoln. 20. — Sale at Messrs. Sotheby’s of the Syston Park Library ; a Mazarin Bible brought ^3,900, and a Codes Psalmorum , by Faust and Gutenberg, ^4,050, the largest prices ever paid for printed books. The whole realized upwards of ^28,000. 22. — Celebration of the sexcentenary of Peterhouse, Cambridge. 23 . — Died at Kensington, aged 74, the Rev. W. H. Channing, Unitarian divine. — Died, aged 79, Sir George Rodney Mundy, G.C.B., admiral of the fleet. 25 . — Collision off the Eddystone Light- house between the steamer Chelydra and the Norwegian barque Holmstrand, both vessels going down within a few minutes. The crews of each were picked up by separate vessels and brought safely to land. 26 . — Severe earthquakes in Spain ; over 1,000 lives lost. 27 . — Naval expedition against the crofters of Lewis, the marines of H.M. S. Seahorse capturing nine of the ringleaders who had deforced the officers of the law on the 9th inst. 29 . — Her Majesty’s consent given to the engagement of Princess Beatrice with Prince Henry of Battenberg. — Sir Herbert Stewart with 1,100 men and 1,800 camels starts from Korti on the march across the desert to Metemneh on the Nile, from whence it was hoped direct com- munication would be opened up with Khar- toum. General Earle left Abu Hamed at the same time to punish the Monarsir tribe who were concerned in the massacre of Colonel Stewart’s party, October 4th. 30 . — Shortly before midnight the Astro- nomer Royal took the first step toward adopting the “ universal day” by making the commencement of the astronomical day coin- cident with the civil day. The clock outside the observatory at Greenwich was so altered that instead of pointing to twelve o’clock at midnight it indicated zero. 31 . — Seven men killed and several injured by a fall of rock in Dorothea Quarry, Nantill, Carmarthen. — Died, aged 76, Alfred Head Baily, pro- prietor of Bail/ s Magazine and Who's. Who. 1459 JANUARY 1885 JANUARY 1885. January 1. — Railway collision near Peni- stone, on the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lin- colnshire Railway ; four passengers killed and about thirty injured. — At the inaugural banquet given by the Lord Mayor of Dublin, the health of the Queen was received wiih mingled applause and hissing ; that of the Lord-Lieutenant was omitted. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 74, Dr. Andrew Findlater, editor of Chambers' s En- cyclopaedia and other works. 2. — Dynamite explosion on the Metro- Railway, between Gower Street and King’s Cross stations ; no serious results. — Died at Ilfracombe, aged 86, Vice- Admiral James Iiosken, who, after some service in the Royal Navy, took command of the Great Western steam-ship, and sub- sequently of the Great Britain. 5 . — Mr. Chamberlain attended a dinner given in his honour by the working-men of Birming- ham, and congratulated them on the duties they would be called upon to perform. — Died at South Kensington, aged 67, Henry Thomas Cole, Q.C., Recorder of Ply- mouth, Treasurer of the Middle Temple, and M.P. for Falmouth. 6 . — Died at the Palace, Fulham, aged 74, the Right Honourable and Right Reverend John Jackson, D.D., Bishop of London. 7 . — Died at Geneva, Gustave Petitpierre, who devoted a lifetime to the study of philology, stenography, and languages, in the hope of inventing a writing suitable for all languages. 8 . — Rejoicings at Sandringham on coming of age of Prince Albert Victor. — Mr. Parnell attended a meeting of the National Convention at Thurles, and forced them to withdraw Mr. O’Ryan, who had been brought forward as a candidate for Tipperary, and to accept his candidate, Mr. O’Connor. 9 . — Attempted assassination in New York of an Irish adventurer known as “Captain Phelan,” — Russia disclaims all intentions of occupy- ing Herat. — Opening of a “Japanese Village” at Albert Gate, South Kensington. 12 . — General Stewart’s forces reach Gakdul, on their march to the Nile. — Vice Chancellor Bacon, with the assent of all parties, granted a perpetual injunction restraining Miss Devy, or her publisher, from publishing the letters of the first Lord Lytton to his wife ; or the letters written by the 1460 second Lord Lytton (plaintiff in the action) to his mother ; and from parting with them for the purpose of publication. 12 . — Died at Minnesota, aged 61, Mr. Schuyler Colfax, Vice-President of the United States, 1869-73. Died at Rathmines, aged 61, Mr. J. P. Smith, formerly M.P. for Tipperary, an ardent Repealer and Nationalist. 13 . — Police- Councillor Rumpf stabbed to death at Frankfort-on-the-Main. — Further earthquake shocks in Spain ; in the province of Granada alone 695 persons killed and 1,480 injured. — Died at Big Springs Cattle Ranch, Texas, aged 36, The Rt. Hon. Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford, and Baron of Guernsey. — Died at Newhaven, Connecticut, U. S., aged 68, Professor Benjamin Silliman, of Yale College. 14 . — Rev. J. Cox Edghill appointed Chap- lain-General of the Forces, in succession to the late Bishop Piers Claughton. — Collision off Holyhead between the steamers Stanley and Eleanor , both belonging to the London and North Western Railway; no lives lost. — Died, aged 40, Dr. Evan Buchanan Baxter, F. R. C.P. , Professor of Materia Medica at King’s College. - 15 . — Destructive colliery explosion at Lievre, Pas de Calais ; 28 lives lost. — At the Sheriff’s Court, Red Lion Square, the jury gave damages to the amount of ^10,000 in favour of John Neville Maskelyne, of the Egyptian Hall, a well-known conjuror, in his action for libel against Mr. Washington Irving Bishop, thought-reader. There was no defence, and the defendant did not enter an appearance. — Died, aged 70, Thomas Barnes Cochrane, eleventh Earl of Dundonald, eldest son of the distinguished Admiral, Thomas, tenth Earl of Dundonald, G-C.B. 16 . — Mr. Edmund Yates, Editor of the World, sentenced to four months’ imprisonment for libelling Lord Lonsdale. — Messrs. Oliver Brothers and Phillips, of Pittsburg, one the largest iron manufacturing firms in the United States, suspended payment. Liabilities, five million dollars. Messrs. John Cisco and Sons, bankers of New York, also suspended payment ; liabilities estimated at two and a half million dollars. 17 — The British forces, numbering 6,500 men, under General Stewart, gain a victory at Abu Klea over a force of 9,000 Arabs. The combat was for a long time hand to hand, the JANUARY 1885 JANUARY Arabs forcing through one side of the British square. They were at length beaten back with a loss of nearly 1,000. 17 . — Died sword in hand resisting a desperate charge of Arabs at Abu Klea, Lieut. -Col. Frederick Gustavus Burnaby, one of the most daring and dashing officers in her Majesty’s service. Born in 1842, Col, Burnaby was educated at Harrow, and entered the Royal Horse Guards in 1859, greatly distinguishing himself in 1875-76 by intrepid journeys re- corded in his “Ride to Khiva,” and “On Horse-back through Asia Minor.” — Died, aged 57, Edmond Francis Valen- tine About, French journalist and author. 18 . — Died at Melton Mowbray, aged 52, the Right Honourable Arthur E. H. Grey Egerton, Earl of Wilton. 19 . — Another British victory near Metam- meh. General Stewart seriously wounded. Communication opened with General Gordon at Khartoum. — Destructive avalanches in the Alpine districts. Two townships in the neighbourhood of Jura completely destroyed ; tunnel of Mont Cenis blocked ; in the districts of Aosta and Jura, upwards of 200 lives lost. — Killed in the Soudan, Mr. Herbert, C.M.G., correspondent for The Morning Post ; and also Mr. Cameron of the Standard . 20. — Police Inspector Simmons shot by a man whom he was attempting to arrest in a field between Romford and Rainham. — Died at Dublin, aged 81, Morgan O’Connell, second son of “The Liberator.” — Died, aged 79, Major-General George Pope, C*B. 21. — According to a telegram from Mel- bourne, the Commodore of the Australian Squadron hoisted, the British flag on the Louisiades, Woodlark Island, the Huon Gulf, and D’Entrecasteaux Island, all lying between Australia and its French penal settlement, or off the New Guinea coast. 24 -. — About 2 p.m. simultaneous explosions occurred at the Houses of Parliament and at the Tower of London. At the former a sus- picious package having been observed in the crypt by a lady, information was at once given to the police in attendance. Constable Cole rushed into the chapel and picked up the package, but almost as soon as he reached Westminster Hall he was obliged to let it fall. A terrific explosion followed, blowing a hole in the pavement six feet in breadth, making another in the roof, and shattering the glass throughout the hall. A few minutes later a second explosion was heard in the inner part of the building, and it was then found that an infernal machine had been placed in the House of Commons itself (it being a day on which the public is admitted), tearing off the doors, and bringing down the Strangers’ and Peers’ Gallery, besides caus- ing an incalculable amount of damage to panelling, glass, &c. Two constables were seriously injured. At the Tower of London, the middle story of the White Tower, used as a store-room for modern arms, was chosen by the dynamiters. The chief damage was done to the large Hall and the passage to St. John’s Chapel. The armoury caught fire, but after about an hour was extinguished. Two girls and three boys were a good deal cut by the falling glass and stones, and one of the former burned. 24 -. — Died at Chelsea Hospital, of which he was Lieutenant-Governor, aged 58, Colonel Richard Wadeson, V.C. ; received the Victoria Cross for bravery at the siege of Delhi. — - Died, aged 76, John Jeffreys, F.R. S., eminent naturalist, author of “ British Concho- logy.” 26 . — Fall of Khartoum, (which had been held by General Gordon against the Mahdi for upwards of ten months), owing to the treachery of one of the Pashas, who opened the city gates to the Mahdi’s troops- When Sir Charles Wilson arrived two days later he found the city in possession of the enemy, and so was forced to retire to Gubat. It was subse- quently ascertained that General Gordon him- self was assassinated on the day of Sir Charles Wilson’s approach to the city. A loyal ser- geant on duty afterwards formally testified to the following interesting facts. He was, he said, originally one of the garrison of Berber, but escaped at its fall to Khartoum, where he was one of four sergeant-orderlies to Gordon. He was on duty on the 26th January, and was with Gordon on the “look-out” on the top of the palace. Gordon the evening before warned the people that he had seen a great deal of extra excitement going on in the rebel camp, and that unless a good resist- ance were made that night the town would fall. As the morning star rose the rebels made a feint at a portion of the defences under Ferag Pasha with the black troops, but at the same time they directed their full attack at the defence commanded by Hassan Bey Bon Assereh with the 5th Regiment of Fellaheen, and succeeded in getting into the town. When Gordon heard the rebels in the town, he said — “It is all finished; to-day Gordon will be killed,” and went downstairs, followed by the four sergeants, who took their rifles with them. He took a chair and sat down on the right of the palace door, the four sergeants standing on his left. All at once a Sheik galloped up with some Bagaree Arabs. The sergeants were on the point of firing, when Gordon, seizing one of their rifles, said — “No need of rifles to-day; Gordon is to be killed.” The Sheik told Gordon that he had 1461 JANUAR Y FEBRUARY 1885 been ordered by the Mahdi to bring him alive. Gordon refused to go, saying he would die where he was, adding that no harm was to be done to the four sergeants, who had not fired on the rebels. The Sheik repeated the order three times, and each time Gordon gave the same answer. After a few words the Sheik drew his sword, and, rushing up to Gordon, cut him over the left shoulder, Gordon looking him straight in the face and offering no resist- ance. His head was cut off and taken to the Mahdi at Ourdurman, his body buried close to the door of the palace, and a tomb built over it. The tomb, the sergeant said, was treated with respect. 127 . — The Queen conferred the Albert Order upon Police-constable Cole for his conduct at the explosion in Westminster Hall. ~ — Died, aged 45, Paul Paulovitch Demidoff, Prince of San Donato, Russian philanthropist. 31 . — H.R.PI. Prince Edward of Wales made his first public appearance by opening the Whittington Home for Boys in Whitechapel. — Dr. E. King, Canon of Christ Church, nominated Bishop of Lincoln {vice Dr. Words- worth resigned) ; and Dr. Edward H. Bicker- steth promoted to the Bishopric of Exeter {vice Dr. Temple translated.) — Died at Versailles, aged 72, Charles Vatel, French antiquary and historian. February 1 . — Died at Paris, aged 36, Sidney G. Thomas, one of the inventors of the basic-Bessemer process for treating iron. 2. — An Englishwoman, named Dudley, at- tempts to assassinate O’Donovan Rossa, while walking with him in Chambers Street, New York. — Died, aged 7 2 > Right Hon. Thomas O’Hagan, late Lord Chancellor of Ireland. 3 . — News received that Portugal, disregard- ing the proceedings of the conference at Berlin, and the wishes of the International Association, had seized both banks of the Congo at its mouth. 4 . — John Lee, who had been committed for trial for the murder of Miss Keyse, at Torquay, found guilty and sentenced to death. — Died, aged 74, Right Hon. Sir Robert Phillimore, late judge in the Admiralty Court. 5 . — Great excitement caused in this country by news of the fall of Khartoum (Jan. 26) and death of General Gordon. 7 . — Exeter Theatre totally destroyed by fire which, happily, did not break out until some hours after the audience had left. — Reinsdorff and Kiichter executed (by decapitation) at Halle Prison, for plotting against the life of the German Emperor. — Died, aged 81, Colonel W. L. Maberly, for many years Secretary to the Post Office. 1462 8 . — Italian flag with that of Egypt hoisted at Massowah. 9 . — J. G. Cunningham and Burton further charged at Bow Street with being concerned in causing the explosion at the Tower. It was stated that evidence would be produced, con- necting these men with several other dynamite outrages in London. — Colonel Williams, of Ottowa, tendered his services, and those of a regiment (600 strong) to be selected from the Canadian militia, to the British authorities for garrison duty in England. 10. — Earl of Rosebery appointed Lord Privy Seal, in succession to Lord Carlingford. Mr. Shaw-Lefevre, Postmaster-General, also admitted to the Cabinet. • — General Earle’s column of troops, ad- vancing by the Nile route from Korti to Berber, gained a victory at Kirkbekan, after five hours desperate fighting and the loss of General Earle himself. This gallant soldier was born in 1833, educated at Harrow, and entered the army as an ensign in 1851, serving with much distinction in the Crimea. 11 . — Died, aged 69, Cardinal MacCabe, Archbishop of Dublin. 13 . — Opening of the Mersey Tunnel; the Mayors of Liverpool and Birkenhead accom- panied by about 400 persons, walked from their respective sides of the river and met in the centre, where congratulations were inter- changed on the communication then estab- lished. — Lang-son, Cochin China, captured by the French troops. 16 . — Died at Gakdul, aged 41, from wounds received in action at Metammeh, Major-Gen- eral Sir Herbert Stewart, K.C. B. Sir Her- bert, born 1843, studied for the law in early life, but in 1864 obtained an ensign’s com- mission in the 37th Foot, and later on served with much distinction in the war against the Zulus, and afterwards in Egypt, where he occupied the Citadel, after the encounter at Tel-el-Kebir. — Died, aged 86, Dr. Worsley, Master of Downing College, Cambridge. 17 . — Rev. H. Montagu Butler, D.D., Head Master of Harrow School, appointed Dean of Gloucester. — The political prisoners at Irkutsk, rose in armed revolt against their warders ; about nine soldiers and thirty exiles were killed before order was established. — Died at Cannes, aged 62, John Francis Campbell of Islay, F.G.S., the amiable and accomplished author of “ Tales of the West Highlands.” FEBRUARY FEBRUARY 1885 18 . -Died, aged 63, Madam Sainton-Dolby, an eminent contralto singer. 19 . — Parliament reassembles, the business naturally engaging most attention being the Redistribution of Seats Bill. Affairs in the Soudan however still caused much public anxiety, and the day after the meeting of Par- liament came the news of Sir Herbert Stewart’s death at Abu Klea. This following so closely on the fall of Khartoum added further com- plication to the situation. After Earl Granville had made a statement regarding the affairs of Egypt Lord Salisbury severely animadverted on the policy of the Government in connection with foreign affairs, and said General Gordon had been sacrificed to the squabbles of a Cabi- net and the necessities of party politics. Sir S. Northcote gave notice of a vote of censure on the course pursued by the Government in respect to affairs in Egypt and the Soudan. 20. — Proclamations appeared in the London Gazette calling out the first-class Reserves and embodying the militia. — Discovery made of an extraordinary robbery of Government despatches, trans- mitted with the mails from New York on board the Celtic . No trace of the thief could be obtained ; and it was doubtful whether the robbery was committed to obtain knowledge of what was passing between Washington and London relative to the Fenian conspiracy, or only to get possession of the registered letters. — Grenadier Guards embark at Gravesend for the Soudan. 21 . — Dedication of the Washington Monu- ment at Washington, reported by American journals as the tallest structure known, being 555 feet high. — Ancrum House, near Jedburgh, the seat of Sir William Scott, Bart., destroyed by fire. The furniture, pictures, and other valuables were saved. — Trial of the eight Lewis crofters and their sons, for “ deforcing” and assaulting the Messenger-at-arms sent to Valtos to serve the writs of the Court of Session, concluded at Stornoway. They were sentenced to terms of imprisonment ranging from seven to fifty days. 23 . — Sir Stafford Northcote moves a vote of censure on the Government with regard to their policy in the Soudan. Mr. J. Morley moved an amendment “refraining from ex- pressing an opinion on the policy of the Government, and regretting the decision of the Government to employ the forces of the Crown for the overthrow of the Mahdi.” Mr. Gladstone regretted the expenditure of so much blood and treasure, but contended that there had been beneficial results from the policy. He also spoke in opposition to Mr. Morley ’s amendment. 23 . — A congress of Fenians and members of the dynamite party held in Paris. Eleven delegates attended from the United States, Ireland, and Continental countries. The chair was taken by Kiul, alias John Moussey, a native of Carlow. The only persons admitted besides the delegates were thirteen Fenians, who were not allowed to take part in the discussions. — John Lee, who had been convicted of the murder of Miss Keyse at Babbacombe, near Torquay, brought out for execution in Exeter Gaol. The rope was adjusted, the Burial Service read, and the signal given, but the drop would not act. This was repeated three times, and at the end of half an hour it was decided to postpone the execution, and subsequently Lee’s sentence was commuted to penal servitude for life. The rains of the two pi'eceding days had, it was said, caused the planks of the drop to swell, and hence the trouble. 24 . — The closure applied for the first time in the House of Commons under the new rules, and on the same occasion Mr. O’Brien suspended. — Died, aged 74, Edward W. Wyon, son of Thomas Wyon : his early life was de- voted to gem-modelling ; he also assisted his brother Benjamin, Seal-engraver-in-chief. — The French Government, having notified the blockade of the Chinese coast, declared rice to be contraband of war. 25 . — Fatal explosion of a shell at Shoebury- ness causing the deaths of Colonels Fox Strang- ways, Francis Lyon, and Captain F. G. Adams. The gunner was killed on the spot ; the other five including Sergt. -Major Daykin succumbed to their injuries. — A Frenchman, M. Paul Thiebault, com- mitted suicide in Paris by walking into the electric-lighting works of M. Chertemps, and deliberately taking hold of the conducting wires of the apparatus at work. He was instantly killed by the shock. 26 . — The Liberal Associations for the north-eastern division of Edinburgh agreed, by ill votes to 12, that the “speeches and votes of Mr. Goschen showed that he could not be looked upon as a consistent Liberal, and that he was not fit to represent the district in Parliament.” — The Poonali transport, which left Queens- town on the 2 1st with several hundred troops on board, reported safe after a series of mis- adventures which had given rise to serious anxiety. — In the Upper House Lord Salisbury’s motion for a vote of censure against the 1463 FEDRUAR Y 885 MARCH Government in connection with Soudan affairs is carried against the Government by 189 to 63 votes. Sir Stafford Northcote’s motion on the same subject was rejected in the Commons by 302 votes against 288 — majority for Govern- ment 14. Mr. Morley’s amendment was re- jected by 455 votes to 112. March 1 . — Celebration of seventh cen- tenary of consecration of the Temple Church, the preacher being the Archbishop of Canter- bury. Among those present were the Prince and Princess of Wales. 2. — In the Commons, on the order for com- mitting the Redistribution of Seats Bill, Sir J. Lubbock moved an instruction empowering the Committee to sanction the transfer of votes to provide for representation in one-member constituencies. Rejected next day by 134 to 31 votes. — Died, aged 50, General Don Prospero Fernandez, President of the Republic of Costa Rica. 3 . — The New South Wales Contingent leave Sydney for the Soudan, being the first occasion on which a British colony had sent troops, at its own cost, to co-operate with the forces of the mother country. 4 . — Mr. Cleveland (Democrat) installed at the White House, Washington, President of the United States, in succession to President Arthur. 8. — News of war preparations in England against Russia reported to have been received with enthusiasm on the Afghan frontier. 9 . — Dr. Temple, Bishop of Exeter, elected Bishop of London in room of the late Dr. Jackson. — Died, aged 78, Louis Haghe, honorary president of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours. 10. — Sir James Hannen gave judgment in the case of the Earl of Durham, who applied for a declaration of the nullity of his marriage on the ground that his wife (Ethel E. L. Milner) was of unsound mind at the time of her marriage (October 28th, 1882). The case had occupied the court for more than a week, and much conflicting evidence — family, social, and medical — was brought forward. At the close, and after taking two days to consider, the judge found that Lord Durham had not established his case, and dismissed the petition with costs. - — In Committee on the Seats Bill, Mr. Bryce’s amendment to include the Universities in the clause disfranchising boroughs was rejected by 260 votes to 79. — Mr. Edmund Yates released from Hollo- way Gaol by order of the Home Secretary, on 1464 the ground that his health was suffering from the confinement to which he had been subjected. 12 . — A grant of ^20,000 to the family of General Gordon taken in the House of Com- mons on the motion of the Government. — James Stephens, formerly Fenian head centre, Eugene Davis, head of the Irish dynamite party in Europe, and two other notorious Fenians, arrested by the Paris police and expelled from France. 13 . — This day observed as one of public mourning for the loss of General Gordon. Special services were held at St. Paul’s (at- tended by the Princess of Wales and a large number of the nobility), at Westminster Abbey (attended by the Duke of Cambridge and the principal officers of the Horse Guards and War Office), and at the other cathedrals and principal churches throughout the country. 14 . — The Lord Mayor presided at a meet- ing at the Mansion House of the Gordon Memorial Committee. The Prince of Wales, who, with many others, was present, moved that Admiral Sir Edward Inglefield should read his proposal, which was to erect at Port Said an hospital open to persons of all nation- alities, creeds, and classes. 16 . — By forty-one votes to seventeen, the Dublin Town Council resolved not to take any official part in the reception of the Prince and Princess of Wales, while expressing the desire than no discourtesy should be shown to them. 17 . — Prince Albert Victor initiated as a Freemason in the Royal Alpha Lodge, No. 16, in the presence of a large and distin- guished company ; his father, the Prince of Wales, Grand Master, receiving the “Appren- tice ” in his quality as Worshipful Master of the Lodge. — Mr. Gladstone said, in the House of Commons, that the Russian Minister had pro- mised that the Russian troops would not ad- vance from the position they then occupied, “ provided the Afghans did not advance or attack, or unless in case of some extraordinary reason — such, for instance, as a disturbance at Penj-deh.” — Trial, at Portree, of the seven Glendale crofters charged with mobbing and rioting, and assaulting a sheriff’s officer on December 29th. Two of the accused consented to plead guilty to the first two charges. They were thereupon sentenced to three weeks’ imprison- ment, whilst the charges against the other five men were withdrawn. 21 . — Died, aged 77, Right Rev. Dr. Christopher Wordsworth, late Bishop of Lincoln. MARCH APRIL 1885 22. — The troops which had marched out of Suakim under General Sir John McNeill sud- denly surprised by the Arabs, who effected an entry into the zariba, or earthworks, established by the British troops. A severe struggle ensued, in which the Arabs were slaughtered in large numbers and ultimately forced to retire, but not until heavy losses had been inflicted on the British, and two-thirds of the camels and mules had been killed or maimed. General McNeill was subjected to considerable censure at the time, as having achieved only a “negative victory,” but later on Mr. Galloway in his “Battle of Tofrek ” sought to show from official documents, that this was the turning engagement of the Soudan Campaign. — London, as well as a great part of England, visited by a snowstorm exceed- ing in density any that had fallen during the winter. — Died, aged 56, Sir Harry Smith Parkes, G.C.M.G., British Minister at Pekin. 23 . — A riot, headed by Louis Riel, occurred among the half-breeds resident on the North Saskatchewan River, Manitoba. The police sent to restore order met the rioters at Fort Carleton, but were repulsed with the loss of fifteen men. Three Indian chiefs joined the revolt, by which the members of the insurgents were raised to 1,500. 24 . — The Crematory at St.John’s, Woking, erected by the National Cremation Society, used for the first time, in burning the body of Mrs. Pickersgill, according to her wishes. 25 . — Reconnoitring at Suakim by means of a balloon — the first ascent made on active service in the English army. 26 . — Queen’s Message read in both Houses calling out the Reserve Forces. — The Home Secretary (Sir William Harcourt), in presence of several members of Parliament, and representatives from all divisions of the Metropolitan Police, in West- minster Hall, near the spot where the explosion occurred, presented to Constable Cole the Albert Medal, conferred on him by the Queen, in recognition of his courageous conduct in carrying away the burning charge of dynamite. He also called up Sergeant Cox, and compli- mented him for his bravery on the same occasion, and Sergeants Snell and Garner, who had been wounded whilst capturing a burglar at Hoxton. 27 . — Statement by Earl Granville with regard to the Afghan frontier, that the Afghans were in possession of Penj-deh before Sir P. Lumsden received his instruc- tions. — Died, aged 75, Cardinal Prince Von Schwarzenberg, Archbishop of Prague. 28 . — Langson, Cochin China, evacuated by General Negrier, who was seriously wounded. — Sculling match at Sydney, New South Wales, for the Championship of the World, and a stake of ^1,000 between Beach of Illawarra, and Hanlon of Toronto ; won by former. 29 . ' — The first detachment of the New South Wales Contingent arrive at Suakim, and are welcomed with great enthusiasm by General Graham and the British troops. — At a meeting of the Irish dynamite faction held in New York a resolution that “the Prince of Wales was an alien invader, meriting death by all laws if he set foot in Ireland',” was passed unanimously. — Died, aged 44, Prince Aloys Lichten- stein, diplomatist. 30 . — Fall of the Ferry Cabinet in Paris. — Russian troops under General Komaroff attack Afghan positions between the Marghab and Kushk. — Mrs. Weldon sentenced to six months ■ imprisonment for libelling M. Riviere. 31 . — Parliament adjourns for the Easter recess. — Arrival of the Ameer of Afghanistan at Rawal Pindi, to meet Lord Dufferin. April 2. — Conference between the Ameer and Lord Dufferin, at Rawal Pindi. Within the next day or two it was understood that the reply of Russia to the English proposals was unsatisfactory. — Died, aged 65, Right Hon. Hugh McCal- mont, Earl Cairns, formerly Lord Chancellor. 3 . — ’At St. Paul’s Cathedral, during the early celebration of the Holy Communion, a well- dressed young man swept off the table on to the floor the chalice, patin, and other vessels used in the service. He was at once taken into custody and removed, and subsequently, although he pleaded to be a lunatic who had escaped from his friends, he was sentenced to a month’s imprisonment with hard labour. — Died, aged 59, Frederick Field, F.R.S., one of the original members of the Chemical Society. 5 . — The Prince and Princess of Wales, with Prince Edward of Wales, leave London on a visit to Ireland, and are received in Dublin as well as all other places visited, with the liveliest enthusiasm by the people. 6- — Peace concluded between France and China. — Died, aged 65, k Right Rev. Robert Aston Coffin, Roman Catholic Bishop of Southwark. 8. — Died aged 62, Richard Grant White, American Shakesperean scholar and critic. 1465 APRIL 1885 APRIL 9 . — Parliament reassembles after the holi- days, Mr. Gladstone making a statement with reference to the Russian advances in the direc- tion of Penj-deh. Next day an explanation was stated to have been asked from General Komaroff with reference to the movement of troops. — News received that on March 30th, General Komaroff had attacked the fortified positions of the Afghans on both banks of the Kushk river at Ak Tepe, near Penj-deh. The Afghan troops were completely routed, their positions, baggage, and artillery captured, and over 500 of them killed. 10. — At Dublin, in the presence of a large assembly, the Prince and Princess of Wales laid the foundation stone of the new Science and Art Museum and National Library of Ireland. Subsequently the Royal party at- tended the Royal University, when the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on the Prince and that of Doctor of Music on the Princess, both wearing the robes of their respective degrees. 11. — The Lord Mayor of London (Nottage) who had been present at the Brighton Review, and on the following day had received, acco’d- ing to annual custom, the Christ’s Hospital (Blue-coat) scholars, died after a very short illness. The last case of a Lord Mayor dying during his tenure of office was that of Aider- man Beckford (1770). On the 14th Alderman Fowler was elected to fill the vacancy for the civic year. On the 17th the late Lord Mayor was interred with public honours in St. Paul’s Cathedral. — Ayoub Khan arrested in Persia, the report said to have been received with such indignation in Russia as to lead to an order for the Mediterranean Fleet being moved to the Baltic. 12. — The Prince and Princess of Wales left Dublin for a tour through Ireland, and in most places were received cordially. At Mallow station a counter demonstration was prepared under the auspices of Mr. W. O’Brien, M.P., and a large body of Nationalists who occupied the station previously to the arrival of the Royal party. Orders were given to clear the station, and that was not effected without a display of force ; but on the arrival of the train the station was filled by Loyalists, whilst the Nationalists male their demonstration in an adjoining field. — Great Fire in the malting premises of Messrs Gillman & Spence, Rotherhithe ; damage upwards of ,£100,000. — A meeting, said to number 10,000 people, of the Social Democratic Federation assembled in Hyde Park to demand com- pulsory reduction of the hours of labour in all trades to eight hours a day, and the immediate organization of the labour of unemployed work- men on artisans’ dwellings, public works, &c. ' 1466 13 . — The panic on the European Bourses continued to make itself felt throughout the Continent. The Hague Banking Company, amongst other large institutions, suspended payment, its chief official disappearing, whilst his principal colleague committed suicide at Antwerp. — - Died, aged 62, Right Hon. Sir Edward Sullivan, Lord Chancellor of Ireland. — Died, aged 95, Sir George Rose Sar- torius, G.C.B., Admiral of the Fleet. 14 -. — At a meeting of the Charnwood Forest (Leicestershire) Railway Company, it was admitted that debenture stock to the extent of ,£135,000 had been dealt in, whilst £46,000 only had been authorised and legally issued by the directors. The two officials most implicated in these frauds had, it was stated, fled to Spain. 15 . — The discovery made in an hotel at St. Louis of the body of a man greatly decomposed, concealed in a trunk. It transpired that two Englishmen, giving the names of Dr. Maxwell and Alfred Preller, had arrived on March 30th from England. They were seen together up to April 5th, on which day Maxwell purchased six ounces of chloroform, and in the evening of the same day left for San Francisco. The autopsy showed that death had been caused through poisoning by cyanide of potassium. — Died, aged 66, Walter Von Goethe, grandson, and last survivor of the family of the great German poet. 1©. — A meeting held in Cannon Street Hotel, under the presidency of the Lord Mayor, attended by a large number of gentlemen irrespective of party, to give expression to the anxiety felt by the commercial world at the con- dition of the navy. The principal resolution, urging upon Government the necessity of taking immediate steps, was moved by Mr. H. H. Gibbs, and seconded by the Right Hon. W. H. Smith. — Receipt in St. Petersburg of despatches from Komaroff, who stated that Penj-deh is “administered” by Russians. — The High Court of Bombay, Mr. Justice Scott presiding, after a trial lasting fourteen days, gave judgment in the case of the son of a Hindoo millionaire, Sir Munguldass Nuthoo- bhoy, who sought to obtain from his father a partition of all the family property. The father refused ; but the judge, following the decisions of the Privy Council, ruled that the son, who was a member of a Hindoo joint family, had an equal right with the father and an equal share in the family property, and could claim partition against the father’s will at any time after majority. — Died at Antwerp, aged 96, General Brialmont, who served as a French officer in nearly all the campaigns of the First Empire. APRIL 1885 MAY IO. — At the Hotel Drouet, in Paris, amongst the lots offered for sale by auction was the throne of Louis XIV., accompanied by a certificate of genuineness, showing that at the accession of Louis XV. it had formed part of the Garde-meuble of the Crown. It was sold for 6,500 francs after a very slight com- petition. 19 . — The annual banquet of the Primrose League in commemoration of Lord Beaconsfield held at St. James’s Hall, under the presidency of Lord Randolph Churchill, M.P. During the day Lord Beaconsfield’s statue in Parlia- ment Square had been profusely covered with flowers, and primroses were worn by large numbers of people of every rank of life. This Conservative League of “Knights” and “Dames” originated in 188 1, and was now stated to have 500,000 members on the roll of “ Habitations.” — Died, age 90, Captain John Harvey Boteler, one of the few survivors of the battle of Navarino. 20. — Died, aged 69, Richard Ansdell, R.A., celebrated animal painter. 21. — Ten thousand Sunday-school children connected with the Protestant Church in Ire- land, assembled in the grounds outside the Viceregal Lodge, Dublin, to present the Prince of Wales with an address. — Earl Granville announces in the Lords that Government intended to ask for a vote of credit for £t 1,000,000. A debate ensued. In the Commons a similar statement was made by Mr. Gladstone, and a motion to refer the subject to Committee of Supply agreed to. The vote was agreed to on the 27th amid gen- eral cheering. — Explosion at the Admiralty in the room of Mr. E. W. Swainson, Assistant Under- secretary, who was badly injured. 23 . — Died, aged 80, William Revell Spicer, stationer, a leader in the Congregational body. collection of twenty-five paintings, chiefly by Sir Peter Lely, Sir Godfrey Kneller, &c., were totally destroyed, and six others seriously damaged. Amongst the former were portraits of Prince Rupert by Vandyke, Nell Gwynn by Gascar, Charles I. by Jameson, & c. 29 . — A magnificent archiepiscopal cross pre- sented to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the gift of a number of the clergy and laity of the Southern Province. The cross, 7 ft. long, on a silver-gilt shaft, richly jewelled with sapphires, pearls, and diamonds, is an exact copy of the Canterbury crosses carried before Archbishop Benson’s predecessors. — Mr. Henry Irving entertained at dinner in the “Criterion” on his return from America. The Earl of Wharncliffe presided. 30 . — Mr. Childers makes his Budget State- ment as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He estimated the total revenue for 1884-5 at £88,043,000, and the expenditure at ^89,092,000, showing practically a deficit of £1,049,000. To meet this deficit he proposed to raise the Income-tax from 6d. to 8./. in the £1, which would produce an additional sum of £5,400,000 ; to alter the death duties, raising by this means £200,000 ; to increase the spirit duty from ioj. 4 d. to \2s. 4 d. a gallon, which would produce £900,000 ; to increase the beer duty from 6s. 3 d. to 7 j- . i>d. per barrel, producing £750,000 ; to intercept the action of the Sinking Fund by £4,600,000 ; to impose a duty on corporate property, which this year would produce ,£150,000; and to make minor changes in connection with private brewers’ licences and in connection with foreign medicines, which would produce £100,000. All this would bring in a sum of £12,100,000, leaving a deficit of over £2,800,000, which would be met by a similar Sinking Fund operation during the coming year. — Died, aged 69, Rev. George Currey, D.D., Master of the Charterhouse. Dr. Currie was succeeded by Rev. W. H. Brown, LL.D. 24 . — Opening conflict at Fish Creek, Canada, with the rebels, under Louis Riel. 25 . — Died, aged 62, Emma, Queen Dow- ager of Hawaii, widow of King Kamehameha. 27 , — The Prince and Princess of Wales brought their tour in Ireland to a close, return- ing from Baron’s Court by way of Dungannon and Carrickfergus to Larne, whence they cro sed to Stranraer, and travelled to London by rail. — James Lee convicted of the murder of Inspector Simmons, whom he had shot whilst attempting to escape at Romford, Essex (Jan. 20), and sentenced to death. His com- panion, Dredge, was found not guilty by the advice of the judge. 28 . — Fire at Brentwood Lodge, the seat of the Duke of St. Albans, by which a valuable 1467 May 1 . — The Irish and Scottish Registra- tion of Voters Bill passes through Committee in the Commons. — The governing body of Harrow School unanimously elected Rev. J. E. C. Welldon, Head Master of Dulwich College, to be Head Master of Harrow School, in succession to the Rev. Dr. Montagu Butler. — Died, aged 67, Brinley Richards, musi- cal composer. 2. — Lord Wolseley having been recalled from the Upper Nile, arrived at Suakin and assumed general command of the forces. — Destruction by fire of the Japanese village at Knightsbridge. — The Antwerp Exhibition opened by the King of the Belgians, and the Pesth Exhii.ition j by the Emperor of Austria. II* MA y 1885 MAY 2. — Vesuvius suddenly burst out in active eruption. Two new craters opened with loud explosions about 600 yards above the upper railway station ; and from there large streams of lava rolled in the direction of Torre del Greco and Pompeii. 4 . — Opening of the International Inventions Exhibition at South Kensington by the Prince and Princess of Wales. — With regard to the Afghan difficulty Mr. Gladstone announces in the Commons that the impediments to a friendly corre- spondence with Russia had been removed, and the two Governments had agreed to refer any difference which might be found to exist to the judgment of the Sovereign of a friendly State. The following evening intimation was made in both houses that Sir Peter Lumsden had been recalled from the scene of operations. — A deputation, consisting of the Lord Mayor, aldermen, and other members of the Corporation, visited Brussels in order to pre- sent a congratulatory address to the King of the Belgians on the recognition by the Powers of the new Congo State, of which the King was named Protector. — Violent thunderstorm swept over a large portion of the south-west of Scotland, doing serious damage to buildings and cattle. 5 . — A treaty concluded between the United States Government and the Columbian Govern- ment at Bogota, providing a joint protectorate over the Isthmus. 7 . — The Lords’ Committee on the Manches- ter Ship Canal Bill decided to allow the Bill to proceed, subject to the insertion of a clause compelling the promoters to have five millions of their capital subscribed before the com- mencement of the week, four per cent, of which was to be impounded. — Mr. Lowell, United States Minister, un- veiled in Westminster Abbey a bust of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, executed by Mr. Hamo Thorneycroft, and presented by Dr. Mercer, of Newport, U. S A. — In the Sheriffs’ Court, in the case of Weldon Gounod, a special jury awarded Mrs. Weldon ^10,000 damages for libel, slander, &c., in addition to ,£1,640 for board and lodging and performance of secretarial duties. M. Gounod withdrew his defence. Mrs. Weldon, who was repre-ented by counsel, was brought up from Holloway Gaol under a writ of habeas corpus, — Died, aged 63 , William Ward, first Earl of Dudley, 8. — The Maharajah of Travancore per- formed the ceremony-— traceable to the fourth century — of “ Tulabhara,” being weighed against a mass of pure gold, which was then dispensed in charity. The Maharajah weighed a little over nine stone. 1468 9 - — General Middleton, with 1,000 men, leaves Gabriel’s Crossing. A gunboat fired on near Batoche, and a short engagement takes place ; the rebels routed. — Died, aged 65, Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart., a prominent member of an old Welsh family, and M.P. for Denbighshire. 12 . — The House of Lords gave judgment in the case of the Dowager Baroness Wenlock v. the River Dee Company, rejecting an appeal from the judgment of the Court of Appeal, which decided that only ,£25,000 out of the sum of ;£i 73,000 advanced by the late Baron Wenlock for the improvement of the navigation of the Dee could be recovered, the balance which had been applied to paying off the liabilities of the company having been borrowed ultra vires on their part. — In the House of Commons Sir Edward Watkin’s motion to read a second time the Channel Tunnel Bill rejected, after a strong protest from the President of the Board of Trade (Mr. Chamberlain), by 281 to 99. — Mr. A. Condie Stephen, second secretary of the British Legation at Teheran, but attached to Sir P. Lumsden’s mission for the Russo- Afghan frontier, reached London with de- spatches, having left Meshed on April 23. He reached Shah Rood (300 miles) on 27th, Askabad (140 miles) on 29th. After six days’ hard riding he reached the Caspian at Chik- ishlion, whence he crossed to Baku, where he caught a train to Tiflis. Thence he crossed the snow-bound Caucasus to Vladikankaz (130 miles) in sixteen hours, and thence by train through Rostov and Kharkov to Diinaberg, where he joined the main line from St. Peters- burg to Berlin. 13 - — The highway of the steamers between Europe and America reported to be covered with enormous floes and icebergs. Vast fields of ice stretched away as far as the masthead look-outs could see, interpersed with ice towers rising from 700 to i,ooq ft. in height. Numerous ships were temporarily inclosed by the floes, and many accidents were reported. — Died, aged 64, Rev. Henry A. Stern, for 40 years missionary of the London Society among the Jews, and one of the Abyssinian captives liberated by Lord Napier of Magdala in 1868. — Died, Juliana Horatia Ewing, writer of stories for children. 14 . — The marriage grant of £“6,000 a year to Princess Beatrice carried by 337 votes to 38, after an objection from Mr. Labouchere. — Mr. Gladstone made a statement con- cerning the progress of Government business for the session. — Sale of the Osterley Park Library belonging to the Earl of Jersey, extending over eight days, brought to a close, having realized .£13,077. Amongst the principal lots were Caxton’s History cs of Troyc, f 1,820 ; MAY 1885 MAY King Arthur, ^1,950 ; Confessio A mantis, £ 810 ; Colard Mansion’s Ovicie , 1493, £510; Tyndall’s New Testament, 1536, ^146 ; Caxton’s Vyrgyle Boke of Eneydos, £255. — Presentation of the first complete copy of the “Revised Bible” to the Queen. 15 . — Arrival at Southampton of the new United States Minister, the Hon. Edward J. Phelps. — Capture, near Batoche, of Louis Riel, the instigator of the Canadian Rebellion. — Mr. Gladstone made a statement con- cerning the programme of Government business for the session, in which he said that the renewal of certain provisions in the expiring Crimes Act would be pressed on the attention of the House. — A severe storm rages over Vienna, destroy- ing shrubs, trees, and even houses. In the out- skirts of the city the cold was so intense that six persons who had been thrown down and injured were found on the following morning frozen to death. From all parts of Austria and Hungary news arrived that the corn fields and vineyards were covered with snow. — The revised translation of the Old Testa- ment, which had been for fifteen years the constant study of the committee* distributed to the public press. The translation was issued jointly from the Oxford and Cambridge Uni- versities’ press, and the strictest precautions were taken to prevent the premature publica- cation of a single copy. — Died at Mentone, aged 37, Frederick John Fargus, better known as “Hugh Con- way,” author of Called Back, &c. 18 . — After a trial extending over an entire week, James Gilbert, alias Cunningham, and Harry Burton were convicted of being connected with the dynamite explosions at the Tower of London, Houses of Parliament, and elsewhere. Mr. Justice Hawkins, after listening to the prisoners’ protestations of their innocence, sentenced them both to penal servitude for life. By this verdict the number of persons convicted of connection with the dynamite conspiracy was raised to 24. Burton was known to be a principal in the movement. — James Lee hanged at Chelmsford for the murder of Police Inspector Simmons at Rom- ford on January 20. 19 . — Fire at the warehouse of Messrs. Mitchell Bros., one of the largest firms of mohair and worsted spinning in Bradford ; mohair to the value of £150,000 destroyed, and considerable damage done to the building. 20. — Died, Frederick Frelinghuysen, Secre- tary of State in the Cabinet of President Arthur. — Died, aged 76, Peter William Barlow, F.R.S., engineer of the Tower Subway. — Died, aged 43, Francis Power Planta- genet, thirteenth Earl of Huntingdon. II 2 21 . — Fire in a printing office at Cincinnati which resulted in the death of fifteen persons, chiefly. employed in the upper storys. Eight girls jumped from the windows to escape suffocation, and of them five were killed on the spot. The fire originated in the careless- ness of a boy who, whilst carrying a two-gallon jar of benzine, stumbled as he was passing a printing press beneath which was a gas jet. The spirit at once took fire, caught the paper on the drying racks, and then reached the elevator and staircase. — Died at Rome, aged 85, Count Terenzio Mamiani della Rovere, senator of the kingdom of Italy. 22 . — Mr. J. Alexander, a diamond mer- chant of Hatton Garden, shot in his office about 7 p.m. by a man who succeeded in carrying off a purse of diamonds, valued at some thousands of pounds. The thief, on being discovered, drew a revolver from his pocket and shot Mr. Alexander through the right hand. He then rushed out of the house, jumped into a hansom cab, and escaped before an alarm could be given. — Died, aged 83, Victor Hugo, an illustrious French poet, dramatist, novelist, and patriot ; on the 30th the body lay in state under the Arc de Triomphe. 23 . — Centenary fetes held at Guines, near Calais, to commemorate the balloon voyage made across the Channel in 1784 by M. Blanchard, a Frenchman, and Dr. Jeffries, an American, who were the first to accomplish a feat then regarded as impossible. — The stage-coach leaving Madera (Cali- fornia) from the Yosemite Valley attacked by highwaymen, who took all the travellers’ money and jewellery as well' as the express treasury-box. — Died at Cheltenham, aged 87, General Thomas Polwhell, of the Bengal army. 24 . — Speaking at Tulla, County Cork, Mr. O’Brien said : “ We would be unworthy of our forefathers, we would deserve the scorn and contempt of those who come after us, if in this day of dawning hope and power for the Irish race we ever faltered or flinched until we have banished the twin demons of landlordism and English rule for ever from our shores, and until we plant upon the highest pinnacle of Dublin Castle the flag of a redeemed and regenerated Irish nation.” — Rioting in the cemetery of Pere la Chaise, Paris, on the occasion of the anniver- sary of the fall of the Commune renewed on the two following days at the funerals of Courmet and Amouroux, two Communist leaders. A great deal of violence was dis- played by the police, especially against those who were bearers of red flags; but although more than a dozen people were injured, na lives were lost. 1469 MAY 1885 JUNE 25 . — Inaugural address of the Co-operative Congress held at Oldham, delivered by Mr. Lloyd Jones, who urged the adoption of a practical scheme of co-operative production. — The Dublin Corporation, in full com- mittee, decided to substitute for the hitherto existing city flag (three black castles on a blue ground) a harp on a green ground, and in one quarter three white castles on a blue ground. — From a communication published in the YE\\>Y\o.Buchhandlung Zeitungby Herr Bdhlau, of Weimar, it appeared that Goethe, during his lifetime, between 1795 and 1832, received from his publisher, Cotra, 233,969 florins (about ^20,054), and his heirs down to 1865 a further sum of about ^23,223. 26 . — Bust of the poet Gray (executed by Mr. H. Thorneycroft) unveiled by Lord Houghton in the hall of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Speeches were made on the occa- sion by Mr. Lowell, Sir Frederick Leighton, and Mr. Edmund Gosse. — The French Government having decided on secularizing the Church of Ste. Genevieve, otherwise known as the Pantheon, M. Grevy signed a decree constituting it the burying- place of illustrious citizens, subject in each case to parliamentary consent to interment therein. 27 . — The maritime ship canal from St. Petersburg to Cronstadt formally opened by the Czar. The imperial order for the work was given June 1, 1874, but it was not actually commenced until 1878. The amount of earth excavated was calculated at 830,000 cubic fathoms, and the cost at 10,265,400 roubles. — Died, aged 91, James Moncrieff Arnott, F.R. S., twice President of the Royal College of Surgeons. — Died at Brussels, aged 85, Charles Rogier, “ Belgium’s greatest citizen.” 28 . — Mr. A. S. Napier, Professor of English Language and Literature at the University of Gottingen, elected first Merton Professor of the same subjects in the University of Oxford. — The Camberwell Radical Club, having considered that there was no statutory law against a lady sitting and voting in the House of Com- mons, invited Miss Helen Taylor to stand for North Camberwell. After much discussion, Miss Taylor consented to accept the invitation on the understanding that by so doing she did not destroy the chance of any working-man candidate, 29 . — Gabriel Dumont, who commanded Riel’s army in the Canadian rebellion, having escaped over the borders into the United States, arrested and taken to Fort Assiniboine, Mon- tana. The Secretary of War however decided that the military authorities should not arrest or detain him, and he was set at liberty. 1470 29 . — Died, aged 63, Alfred Meissner, Austrian poet, novelist, and dramatic author. 30 . — At a meeting of the Mansion House Committee of the fund for providing a national memorial to General Gordon, held at Marl- borough House, it was decided, in view of the reports received, to abandon the idea of erect- ing an hospital at Port Said. — Formal opening of a public Park in Dumbarton, presented by Mr. Peter Denny and Mr. John McMillan, shipbuilders, at a cost of ^20,000. — Died, aged 82, Due de Noailles, “ Father” of the French Academy. J une 1 . — F uneral of V ictor Hugo takes place in Paris, and is made the occasion of a great popular demonstration. The procession left the Arc de Triomphe, under which the body had been lying in state, at 9 A.M., and it was 7 p.m. before the last battery of artillery passed the Pantheon, where the deceased was interred. — St. Paul’s Church, Woodford Bridge, Essex, a pretty fabric, erected in 1854, de- stroyed by fire. 2. — The International Faith-healing Con- ference commenced its sittings at the Agricultural Hall, Islington, and was largely attended, blind and lame being brought in considerable numbers, while about 250 presented themselves to be anointed. — Died, aged 74, Prince Charles Anthony of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. — Died, aged 24, Prince Maximilian of Thurn and Taxis, hereditary Postmaster- General of Germany. — Died at Blackheath, aged 67, Surgeon- General Sir William Muir, K.C.B., honorary physician to the Queen. 4 . — Mr. Alfred Waterhouse, architect, elected a Royal Academician ; and Mr. Henry Moore, Mr. E. Burne Jones, and Mr. J. W. W aterhouse, painters, elected Associates. 5 . — In the Commons Mr. Childers details certain changes in the Budget proposals. One shilling per gallon of the additional two placed on spirits to be remitted ; the additional beer duty to remain in force only until May, 1886. — Died, aged 81, Sir Julius Benedict, musical composer and conductor. 7 . — Demonstration in Hyde Park to pro- test against an increase in the beer and spirit duties. — Mr. Russell Lowell, United States Minister, leaves London on his return to America. JUNE JUNE 1885 8 . — Defeat of Government. The House divided on the second reading of the Customs and Inland Revenue Bill which contained Mr. Childers’s new budget proposals. Sir M. Hicks- Beach moved an amendment condemning the increase of the beer and spirit duties, and the failure to give relief to local taxation. Sir C. Dilke intimated that the Cabinet regarded the question as a vital one. Mr. Gladstone having repeated this declaration, the House divided, and Sir M. Hicks-Beach’s amend- ment was carried by a majority of twelve votes, the numbers being : for, 264 ; against, 252. Next day the House adjourned till the 12th, when Mr. Gladstone stated that Her Majesty had accepted the resignation of his Ministry and summoned Lord Salisbury to Balmoral. Earl Granville made a similar statement in the House of Lords, the Redistribution Bill being then read there a third time. — Twelve men injured by an explosion on board the turret-ship Injiexible. — The gold medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects conferred upon Dr. Henry Schliemann, F. S.A., in recognition of his ser- vices as an explorer and archaeologist. 9 . — In connection with the ministerial crisis, rumours are current to-day that Lord Randolph Churchill, as leader of the Conservative Demo- crats, had so far carried his point as to remove Sir S. Northcote from the Commons to the Upper House with the sinecure office of First Lord of the Treasury; the Premiership, with the direction of Foreign Affairs, to be retained by Lord Salisbury. Lord Randolph was known within a few hours to have been nomi- nated Secretary for India, and Lord Carnarvon Viceroy of Ireland, with a distinct disavowal of wishing to renew the Crimes Act in any form or part. Sir W. Hart-Dyke became Chief Secretary for Ireland, Sir Hardinge Gififard, formerly Solicitor-General, was pro- moted to the Woolsack as Lord Halsbury, while Sir R. Cross became Home Secretary and Sir M. Hicks-Beach Chancellor of the Exchequer with Leadership of the House of Commons. (See also Table of Administra- tions.) — Treaty of peace between France and China signed at Tientsin. — Mr. Gladstone announced that, in con- sequence of the defeat of the Government on the budget resolution, the Cabinet had tendered its resignation: — The Prince of Wales, representing the trustees of the British Museum, unveiled at the Natural History Museum, South Kensington, a marble statue of Charles Darwin, executed by Mr. Boehm. The cost was defrayed by public subscriptions raised in all parts of the world, and of the total sum collected (^4,500) ,£2,000 was devoted to the statue, and the remainder to founding studentships for promoting bio- logical science. 10. — Prince Albert Victor “created” into the dignity of a Master of the Bench of the Middle Temple at a grand banquet given in his honour, Mr. Higgins, Q.C., treasurer, in the chair. — The celebrated rocking-stone at Buck- stone, in the Wye Valley, Monmouthshire, thrown down by a party of excursionists. The stone, which measured 56 feet round the top, and tapered down to about 3 feet at the base, after being tilted over from its position on the summit of a high hill, fell crashing into the wood below. 11 . — Died in active service as Commander of the Naval Division of Tonquin, aged 58, Vice-Admiral Courbet of the French Navy. — The Indian Museum at South Kensington partially destroyed by fire. — Died, aged 52, Fleeming Jenkin, LL.D., professor of engineering in the University of Edinburgh. 13 . — Lord Salisbury at Balmoral accepted conditionally the task of forming an adminis- tration, and at once left for London. — The Prince of Wales formally opened the Sanatorium at Virginia Water, founded by the late M. T. Holloway, in accordance with a scheme proposed by the Earl of Shaftesbury. The intention of the founder, by whom ,£300,000 had been spent on the buildings and furniture, was to make the Sanatorium self-sup- porting, and consequently chiefly for the use of the middle class. — Died at Potsdam, aged 57, Prince Frede- rick Charles of Prussia (the Red Prince). 17 . — The earthquakes in Cashmere, which had recurred at intervals during the past three weeks, culminated in a frightful catastrophe in the district of Muzuporabad, in which 3,081 per- sons perished, whilst 25,000 sheep and goats, 8,000 cattle, and about 70,000 habitations were estimated to have been destroyed. — A fire (the fourth within two years) broke out on the premises of Mr. Whiteley, the “ Universal Provider,” in Westbourne Grove ; four large shops were completely destroyed, together with goods valued at from ,£100,000 to ,£200,000. — Ministerial negotiations. Lord Salisbury humbly acquaints her Majesty that in the opinion of the leaders of the Conservative party it was indispensable that, before accepting office, they should obtain from the leaders of the majority 1471 fUNE JUNE 1885 in the House of Commons an undertaking to support them in the measures which are abso- lutely necessary in order to bring the session to a close. The two points on which Lord Salis- bury wished to bind the majority were, 1st, an undisputed right for the precedence of Government business whenever Supply or Ways and Means or the Appropriation Bills should be put down, and, 2nd, the authority to issue Exchequer bonds for the requirements of the Estimates if no other provisions were made. This letter was at once sent to Mr. Gladstone by the Queen with the request for a prompt reply. Mr. Gladstone replied in the course of the day, stating he did not share Lord Salis- bury’s view as to the impossibility of a dissolu- tion, but assuring Her Majesty that “in the conduct of the necessary business of the country during the remainder of the session, he believes there will be no disposition to em- barrass the Government serving your Majesty.” At the same time he declined to enter into specific pledges on points of parliamentary action with respect to which he was not in possession of all the facts bearing upon them. Mr. Gladstone’s letters were at once forwarded to Lord Salisbury, who in conjunction with his colleagues came to the conclusion that they contained no pledge that Mr. Gladstone and friends would give to a new Government the support necessary for completing the business of the session ; and without such a pledge they felt they would not be justified in assuming office. Next day Lord Salisbury replied by repeating in detail the two conditions above mentioned under which he was prepared to accept office. To this in turn Mr. Gladstone answered after consultation with his colleagues, that “it would be contrary to their public duty to compromise their liberty by giving the specific pledges which Lord Salisbury re- quired,” and he complained of Lord Salisbury as having “put aside without a word” the spirit of his previous declaration. In a some- what lengthy analysis of Mr. Gladstone’s com- plaint, Lord Salisbury declared that the “spirit which declines all specific pledges is certainly not the spirit in which Mr. Gladstone and his friends entered conference on the Seats Bill.” 17 . — Died, aged 76, Edwin Hans Carl, Baron von Manteufifel, distinguished Prussian general. — Died, aged 57, Major-General Walter Fane, C.B., commander of “ Fane’s Horse ” in the Indian army. 18 . — Alarming explosion at the Clifton Hall Colliery, near Manchester. At the time (9 a.m.) 349 men were in the pit, and of those 160 were in the lowest or Trencherbone seam, 540 yards below the surface. Of the men in the upper seams 23 were taken out dead ; ultimately the loss of life was ascertained to be 186. — Bartholdi’s statue of “Liberty,” designed for a lighthouse, arrived at New York from 1472 France, and is received with great display of enthusiasm. 19 . — In removing the surface stonework of the parish church of Folkestone the workmen came upon a lead reliquary, which was recog- nized as containing the remains of St. Eanswide, the patron saint of the place, and the grand- daughter of Ethelbert, first king of Kent. 20. — Explosion in the Burley pit of the Aberdale Colliery, near Stoke-upon-Trent, re- sulting in the loss of nine lives, and the narrow escape of 180 others. — The Spanish Ministry tender their resignation in consequence of the king’s de- termination to visit the cholera-stricken dis- tricts. 21 . — Died at Chelsea, aged 67, William Sandys Wright Vaux, F.R.S., distinguished numismatist and Oriental scholar. 22. — Jubilee meeting of the Statistical Society under the presidency of Sir Rawson W. Rawson. 24 -. — Mr. Gladstone and his colleagues went to Windsor to deliver up their seals and insignia of office, which shortly afterwards were handed over to their successors, Lord Salisbury and his colleagues. — Amongst the honours and titles conferred at the instance of the retiring Ministry were peerages on Sir Nathaniel de Rothschild (the first Jew peer) and Mr. Edward Baring, and baronetcies on Mr. Millais and Mr. Watts, two Royal Academicians ; the latter however de- clined the proffered honour. Mr. C. P. Villiers and Mr. Samuel Morley also declined peerages, and Mr. R. N. Philips a baronetage offered to him by Mr. Gladstone. — Canon Elwyn, vicar of East Farleigh, one time head-master of Charterhouse School, elected to the Mastership of Charterhouse in the room of the late Dean Currey. — Cholera reported in Madrid, and 235 deaths in one day in Valencia. , — Died, aged 57, Rev. Edward William Blore, senior Fellow and Vice-Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. 25 . — Lord Salisbury, as Prime Minister, makes a statement with regard to negotiations with Mr. Gladstone for winding up the busi- ness of the session. Both Houses adjourned till 6th July. — The Lords’ Committee of Privileges without hesitation declined to admit the claim of Mr. John Fraser to the Lovat title and estates, on the ground of his descent from Alexander, an elder brother of Simon, Lord Lovat, who had killed a piper in a quarrel and then fled to Wales and worked in the slate quarries. To identify the ancestor of the claimant with the refugee would have entailed JUNE JULY 1885 the belief that the former lived to the age of 1 12, and a son was born to him at the age of 95. 26 . — The Most Rev. Dr. Walsh, President of Maynooth College, presented by the diocese as dignissiimts, appointed by the Pope as Arch- bishop of Dublin. 27 . — Earl Spencer took his departure from Dublin on vacating the Lord- Lieutenancy. — Lord Wolseley recommends an advance on Khartoum in the autumn in oi'der to dis- pose of the Mahdi by a final defeat. “No frontier force,” he remarked, “could keep Mahdiism out of Egypt, and the Mahdi, sooner or later, must be smashed or he will smash you.” Eventually, Sir Redvers Buller reported that while it was possible to re-occupy Dongola, it could not be done without what would be really a new expedition. The pro- vince was exhausted of grain, and everything would have to be brought from Egypt. The Government then gave orders to continue the retreat to a point which, in Lord Wolseley’s judgment, would provide for the protection of Egypt, and to carry the railway from Wady Haifa to Ferket. — A valuable public park, the gift of Mrs. Elder to the people of Govan, opened by Lord Rosebery. — Died, aged 67, Right Horn Sir Adolphus F. O. Liddell, K.C.B., Q.C., Under Secretary of State for the Home De- partment. 29 . — The Prince and Princess of Wales attend at the Guildhall on the occasion of the presentation of the freedom of the City of London to their eldest son, Prince Albert Victor Edward, and were subsequently present at a banquet, to which about 800 guests were invited. — The new Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord Carnarvon, accompanied by the Coun- tess, lands at Dublin. — Fire at Lowestoft Pier, by which the reading-room, band-stand, and northern pro- jection (300 ft. long) of the south pier were totally destroyed. — Death of the Mahdi, Mohammed Achmed. 3 O. — The remains of the late Duke of Albany removed from the royal vault to the Albert Memorial Chapel at Windsor. The Queen and most of the members of the royal family were present at a special 1 service on the occasion. — A colossal bronze statue of Lord Frederick Cavendish unveiled at Barrow-in- Furness by Earl Spencer. — The trial of Mrs. Dudley, at New York, on the charge of shooting O’Donovan Rossa terminated in her acquittal on the ground of insanity, and she was temporarily removed to an asylum. July 1 . — From this date Postal arrange- ments accelerated in all parts of the United Kingdom. — Collapse of a large nail factory at Leeds ; six women killed and several injured. — Severe earthquake shock in the Lake District ; much alarm caused at Grasmere and at Ambleside, the shock being accompanied by a noise like thunder. 2, — Several members of the new Ministry re-elected, for the most part without opposi- tion. — The House of Lords (Committee of Privileges) decided that the Hon. Charles Finch, second son of the sixth Earl of Aylesford, had made out his right to the honours and dignities of the Earl of Ayles- ford and Baron Guernsey, which had been claimed on behalf of a child born to the seventh Earl during wedlock, but after separa- tion from his wife. — The libel action Maskelyne v. Irving- Bishop reconsidered at the Sheriff’s Court, London. Mr. Maskelyne was some months ago awarded ^10,000 by way of damages, and the jury before whom the case now came re- duced the amount to ,£500. 3. — Lord Randolph Churchill returned for Woodstock by a majority of 127 over his Liberal opponent Mr. Grant, who polled 405 votes. — The Marquis of Salisbury presided at a banquet given in the Holborn Restaurant to Lord-Advocate Macdonald by representa- tives of the Universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews, for the representation of which Mr. Macdonald is a candidate. Lord Salisbury, in proposing the toast of the evening, alluded to some of the most pressing questions of present day politics, and especially of Scotch politics. One of these was the question of local self- government and decentralisation, which was of more importance, in his opinion, than many that were more talked about. The Marquis urged in conclusion that the Conservative party should earnestly adhere to its principles, and not be led by any desire of succeeding against the opposite party into promising things that would really amount to the abandonment of those principles. 4 -. — The Prince and Princess of Wales, ac- companied by their family, opened the Albany National Memorial Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic, Queen's Square, Bloomsbury, and subsequently opened the new buildings of the Birkbeck Institution, in Chancery Lane, of which the foundation-stone had been laid by the Duke of Albany in 1883. 1473 JULY 1885 JULY 4 . — The Inspector-General of Fortifications, Major-General Sir Andrew Clarke, writes to Mr. Sutherland, member for Greenock, ex- plaining the character of the measures con- templated for the defence of the Clyde. After alluding to the military importance of the Clyde, which renders its adequate defence “ a national necessity,” Sir Andrew went on to explain that as the object of the defence is not to withstand a naval siege, but to provide against attacks on property, the creation of a naval fortress was ‘ ‘ unnecessary and undesir- able.” 6. — Parliament reassembles after adjourn- ment for election of new Ministers. Lord Iddes- leigh (Sir S. Northcote), Lord Ashbourne (Mr. Gibson), and Lord St. Oswald (Mr. Rowland Winn) took the oath and their seats. Lord Salis- bury made a somewhat lengthy statement on the policy of the new Government. The first matter of great importance was the negotiations with the Court of Russia as to the Afghan frontier. It would be the business of Her Majesty’s Ministers to take up the policy of the late Government where it had been left off. Many pledges had been given, and the first duty of any Government, no matter on what side of politics, was to see that the pledges which the English Government, as the English Government, had given should be observed. The Government, his Lordship said, wished to wind up the session as early as possible, and they would not, beyond the ordinary necessary bills, press any measure except the Scotch Secretary Bill. Lord Carnarvon stated the reasons which led the Government to decide not to seek the renewal of the Irish Crimes Act. — In the Commons, on Mr. Bradlaugh ap- pearing at the table, Sir Michael Hicks-Beach moved a resolution identical with that agreed to on a former occasion, to the effect that Mr. Bradlaugh should not be permitted to go through the form of taking the oath, and that the Sergeant-at-Arms be directed to exclude him from the precincts of the House unless he engaged not to disturb the proceedings of the House. Mr, Hopwood moved an amendment in favour of early legislation on the whole question. Mr. Gladstone supported the amend- ment. On a division, Sir M. Hicks-Beach’s resolution was carried by 263 votes to 219. Mr. Bradlaugh, in obedience to«the instructions of the Speaker, then withdrew. — Lord Wolseley leaves Cairo for England. — According to an Ottawa telegram, the rebel chief Big Bear and his band, who had for some days been without food, are captured as they were proceeding to Fort Carlton tc sur- render. — The official bulletin issued to day, shows some abatement of the cholera in Spain. 1474 There being to-day 1,467 cases and 660 deaths — a decrease of 72 cases and 165 deaths com- pared with returns of the 4th. 6. — Died, aged 82, the Right Rev. George Moberley, Bishop of Salisbury. He was for- merly headmaster of Winchester School, and sixteen years ago was appointed to his see by Mr. Gladstone. 7 . — In Committee of Supply a sum of ^30,000 was voted to Princess Beatrice as a marriage portion, by 153 to 32 votes. - — Lord Carnarvon made his state entry into Dublin as Lord- Lieutenant. Although there was no formal attendance of the Lord Mayor and Corporation, there was no lack of loyalty in the throngs of all classes who filled the streets, through which the imposing procession passed. — A Temperance Hotel erected by Mr. Whyte, of the Imperial, Fort-William, formally opened on the top of Ben Nevis. A party of seventeen ascended at 10 a. m., and, notwithstanding the unpropitious weather, reached the summit at 2 p.m,, and were enter- tained to dinner in the new building. — Died, aged 72, David Evans. “Dewi Haran,” a Welsh bard, who had contributed much to Welsh literature. — Died at Quebec, aged 64, John Stough- ton Dennis, C.M.G., late Deputy of the Ministry of Interior, Canada. 8 . — Riseholme Palace, the residence of twenty successive Bishops of Lincoln, sold — the new Bishop having decided to restore and enlarge the old palace at Lincoln. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 91, Dr, William Veitch, a distinguished Greek scholar, author of Greek Verbs, Irregular and Defec- tive . 9 . — In the House of Lords Baron Roth- schild takes the oath and his seat on his elevation to the peerage. His lordship was sworn in on a Hebrew copy of the Pentateuch. — In the House of Commons the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer states, in reply to Mr. Arthur Arnold, that the Government had re- solved upon the appointment of a Royal Commission to inquire into the depression of trade and industry. — Tn Committee of Ways and Means the Chancellor of the Exchequer made his Budget statement. Government, he said, had decided to accept the proposals of Mr. Childers that were not rejected on the 18th of June. These proposals included an income-tax of eight- pence, the proposed duty on corporate pro- perty, and the stamp duty on bonds and foreign securities. The increase in the succession duty and the increased beer and spirit duties had been rejected by the House, and there- JULY JULY 1885 fore would not be adoped by the present Government. He would not make any pro- posal for the increase of indirect taxation, but would ask the assent of the House to the issue of ^4,000,000 of Exchequer Bills to meet the deficit, which he found would exceed Mr. Childers’s estimate by ^850,000. Sir M. Hicks-Beach expressed himself as afraid that it was too true that for the purposes of revenue the limits of increased taxation have now prac- tically been reached on all the most important taxed articles of consumption, except one article, tea, upon which one article he did not propose to put any additional duty, be- cause it would be unpopular to do so. Of this declaration Mr. Childers said later in the ses- sion that, “coming from the leader of the Conservative party, mischief had been done,” that “it would be very difficult indeed now to qualify it,” that after it “no Minister would dare to increase to any considerable extent the revenue derived from beer,” that “any pro- test from the Chancellor of the Exchequer would be too late,” that “ the knell of indirect taxation had been struck,” and that now “ they could do little more than struggle for a fair distribution of the taxation on property. ” 9 . — Early this (Thursday) morning a de- structive fire occurs in University College, Aberystwith, Wales. The fire was first ob- served in the chemical laboratory about mid- night, and although the alarm was given inv- mediately, and every effort made to check the spread of the conflagration, the northern wing of the university, in which were the museum and library, was completely gutted. Fortunately nearly all the articles of value were removed. During the progress of the fire a floor on which six men were standing gave way, and the men were precipitated into the burning debris below. Five suc- cumbed to their injuries. The college, opened only recently, was erected at a cost of ^30,000. — Ceremonial placing of the old colours of the 26th Foot or Cameronians in Glasgow Cathedral. 10. — In the Lords the Duke of Argyll calls attention to the circumstances attending the recent change of Administration, and to the effect of them on the political prospects of the country, which, after the lapse of a month, was still in the rapids of a great political crisis. There was at present, he said, no guidance of public opinion, and four months must go by before there could be any real settlement of a great public evil. The cause of what had happened had been waning confidence in the Liberal leaders, arising from the feeling that they were not united, and that their policy was one of compromise. This want of unity was shown in their foreign policy, in their in- action with respect to the supremacy of the British navy, in the opinions expressed regard- ing finance, in their attitude towards the main- tenance of law and order in Ireland. He ridiculed the idea of their calling on their followers to unite without new guarantees under the leaders who had brought the policy of England both at home and abroad into jeo- pardy. As to the Conservative Administra- tion, he was of opinion that the country was just as likely to be well served by the new Cabinet as by any other. Lord Rosebery described the noble duke as the Cassandra of the Cross Benches. Since the Duke had left the late Government his old colleagues had never done right. The variations of the Liberal party were admitted, but it was surely not impossible for a party to govern because one member wished to go faster and another slower than the rest. Lord Truro thought the country would not suffer from the Tory Government’s accession to office, and warned the Liberals against the extreme and violent counsels of the Radical majority. The subject then dropped. 11 . — An injunction restraining the Dublin Corporation from changing the name of Sack- ville Street to O’Connell Street granted by the Vice-Chancellor of Ireland. 13 . — Lord Wolseley, accompanied by Major-General Sir Redvers Buller, Lord C. Beresford, Colonel Grove, Major Childers, Major Creagh, and Colonel Swaine, arrive at Victoria Station. — Serious fire in the timber-yard of Messrs. Smith, Belvedere Road, Waterloo Bridge, which rapidly spread to the adjoining premises in the Waterloo Road, and was not got under until half a dozen houses had been destroyed. 14 . — Lord Breadalbane takes his seat on his elevation to a Marquisate of the United Kingdom. — In the Commons, Mr. Bourke, replying to Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice, said that a pic- ture by Carl Anton Hickel, representing the House of Commons in 1793, with portraits of Pitt and other distinguished statesmen, had been presented by the Emperor of Austria to Lady Paget, who had placed it at the dis- posal of the trustees of the National Portrait Gallery. — The Munster Bank of Ireland (Limited) suspend payment. The bank was established in 1864, h a( l at the end of the last financial year a paid-up capital of ^525,000, and for the eleven half-years to June, 1884, paid a dividend at the rate of 10 per cent, per annum. It had its head office in Cork, a central office in Dublin, and numerous branches throughout Ireland. Last year it was rumoured that several of the directors had largely over- drawn their accounts, and a suit was instituted on behalf of the shareholders to have the directors made liable as a body for such over- 1475 JULY 1885 JULY drafts. This litigation was stopped by agree- ment, but quite lately the Vice-Chancellor, in delivering judgment regarding the liability of one director, commented strongly on the con- duct of another, Mr. W. Shaw, M. P,, and this roused fresh apprehensions for the stability of the bank. It was believed that the suspension was hastened by the failures of Messrs. John Daly & Co., and Mr. Delany, of Cork, the latter of whom had an overdraft on the Bank of between ^20,000 and ^30,000, with securities of only ^5,000. In their an- nouncement the directors stated their belief that the securities of the bank will “amply suffice to discharge its obligations.” 14 . — A police-constable named Davis was shot three times whilst attempting to appre- hend two burglars wearing masks, on the roof of a house in Kensington Park Gardens, Not- ting Hill. The burglars escaped, leaving be- hind them a revolver, four chambers of which had been discharged. 15 . — 'In the Commons, when the House went into Committee of Supply, on the vote of ^35,488 for the maintenance of the Houses of Parliament, a long discussion took place as to the restoration of Westminster Hall on the plans prepared by Mr. Pearson, which had been accepted by the Office of Works. On a division, the vote was carried by 196 to 42. — The Prince and Princess of Wales opened the new Yorkshire College at Leeds. 16 . — The Guards Ct Camel ” Corps, in- cluding the Heavy Dragoons, which had done so much good service in the Soudan, reach London and are received with honour by the Commander-in-Chief and principal officers of the Guards. — The grounds adjoining the Niagara Falls on the American side, having been purchased by the New York State, and the proprietary and other rights extinguished at a cost of nearly one and a half million dollars, the park is formally given over to the public and thrown open. — Died in London, aged 68, William Graham, M.P. for Glasgow 1865-74. 17 . — In the Commons, on a motion for going into Committee of Supply, Mr. Parnell called attention to the maladministration of the Crimes Act in Ireland during the Viceroyalty of Lord Spencer, and moved for an inquiry. At considerable length the hon. gentleman dealt with the Barbavilla and Maamtrasna murder trials, and declared that by their denial of justice and screening of offenders the late Government had brought on themselves some of the guilt of the judicial murder of Myles Joyce and of the unjust imprisonment of four other innocent men. Mr. Corbet seconded the motion. The Chancellor of the Exchequer defended the character of Lord Spencer, whose 1476 responsibility, he said, was shared by all his colleagues. He would not say ^whether their action in this particular matter was right or wrong ; but every prisoner in Ireland had a right of appeal to the Lord- Lieutenant, and no Lord- Lieutenant would be doing his duty who refused investigation in deference to a decision of his predecessor. He had been authorised to state that if a memorial were presented to the Lord- Lieutenant it would receive the most careful attention. Any other sort of inquiry, however, would be derogatory to the constitu- tional powers and duties of the Lord-Lieutenant, and the Government could not accede to it. Sir W. Harcourt declared that if the Govern- ment treated the judges and juries in the man- ner proposed by the resolution, their experiment of governing Ireland by the ordinary laws was doomed to failure. Lord Randolph Churchill replied at some length to Sir William Har- court’s speech, and pointed out to Mr. Parnell that a special inquiry was tantamount to a vote of want of confidence in the Lord- Lieutenant. Amendment negatived. 17 . — In the course of certain building oper- ations going on near the Monte Testaccio, the English Cemetery at Rome, two of the ancient warehouses or granaries used by the Romans for the storage of imports were discovered. One of these was found to be filled with ele- phants’ tusks, and the other with lentils. The latter were presumably shipped as ballast ; the ivory of the tusks was wholly decayed. 19 . — Died, aged 63, Shahzadah Sultan Sikander, the head of the Sudozai family of Afghans ; he enjoyed the largest pension ever granted by the Indian Government to a deposed prince residing in India, which was further increased after his loyal service during the Indian Mutiny. 20 . — A deputation from the committee ap- pointed at the meeting of shareholders of the Munster Bank calls on the Lord-Lieutenant, and submits a scheme of reconstruction. The scheme embraced three proposals. In the first place, the depositors were to give a guarantee that they would not withdraw their deposits until such time as should be considered neces- sary ; in the second place, the Government were to give an open credit of ^500,000 on the various securities of the bank ; and in the third place, the rules of the company were to be revised in such a way as to prevent the directors advancing money to themselves. The Lord- Lieutenant, alluding to the second pro- posal, said the position of affairs had altered considerably of late, when he promised to re- commend to his colleagues a “a proper and reasonable” Government aid. There now seemed no prospect of a financial panic, and it was impossible for the Government to grant a direct aid such as that proposed. 21 . — Another deputation from the share- holders of the Munster Bank hold a conference JULY JULY 1885 with the directors of the Bank of Ireland. It was understood that the latter bank offered to advance ^250,000, but demanded such exorbi- tant securities that their offer was rejected. 21 . — The number of victims to the cholera in Spain reported as increasing. According to the official bulletin issued yesterday there were to-day, 2327 fresh cases of the disease and 971 deaths throughout the country. — The steamer Cheerful sank off Land’s End, after collision with H. M. S. Hecla ; thir- teen lives lost. 22. — The Committee of Privileges of the House of Lords give judgment in the Lauder- dale Peerage case. Major Maitland claimed the title through Colonel Maitland, who died in New York in 1772. Sir J. Gibson-Maitland advanced a counter-claim, and contended that there was not sufficient evidence of the marriage of Colonel Maitland in New York two days before his death, and, if there were, the marriage was not otherwise such as to entitle the children to succession. The Com- mittee decided in favour of Major Maitland. — Eight lifeboat men drowned off the Lincolnshire coast through the sinking of their boat which struck a sunken wreck when pro- ceeding to relieve a crew on The Barber sand. — Judgment given in the Lancashire Chan- cery Court in the Manchester Agency case, Ebrard v. Gassier. The trial commenced on the 30th June, and though the Court sat four days a week the hearing of evidence was not concluded till 17th inst. The defendants, Messrs. Gassier & Baume, acted as commission agents to the plaintiffs since 1868, and the con- tention of plaintiffs was that defendants had made certain charges on goods sold to which they were not entitled. Defendants held that they were “commission merchants” as well as “ commission agents,” and so entitled to make charges beyond commission, and that these charges were recognised in the contract, though it was admitted that the books recording the transactions had been destroyed. Vice-Chan- cellor Bristowe, in giving judgment, refused to acknowledge any distinction between “com- mission agents ” and “commission merchants,” holding that the relation between defendants and plaintiffs was solely one of agent and principal ; reflected strongly on the conduct of Mr. Baume, one of the defendants, in destroy- ing the firm’s books, and gave judgment for the plaintiffs, with costs up to and including the trial. 23 . — The marriage of Prince Henry of Battenberg and Princess Beatrice celebrated in Whippingham Church, near Cowes, before a large and brilliant assemblage. Her Majesty the Queen gave the bride away, and most of the Royal relations were present, as were also the most distinguished representatives of politi- cal, military, diplomatic, and fashionable cir- cles. After the ceremony the newly-married couple returned to Osborne, and were greeted most enthusiastically by the 20,000 people who had gathered outside the church and along the route. At four o’clock Prince Henry and his bride left Osborne for Quirr Abbey, near Ryde. 23 . — In the Commons the Chancellor of the Exchequer moved that Captain Gossett’s letter of resignation be considered, and in doing so paid a handsome tribute to his high character and his valuable services as Sergeant-at-Arms. Sir W. Harcourt and Mr. Parnell spoke in equally appreciative terms, and a resolution declaring that the House entertained a just sense of Captain Gossett’s discharge of duty and his devoted service to the House for nearly 50 years was carried nem. con. — In the Commons, on the order for con- sidering the Medical Relief Bill as amended, considerable discussion took place on a new clause proposed by Mr. Jesse Collings, includ- ing under the term “medical relief” not only medicines, but “all matters and things” sup- plied at the expense of any poor-rate. Mr. Arthur Balfour resisted the proposed clause, and pointed out that if it were accepted every relieving officer would be made a potential political agent, and each parish might have a different practice as regarded keeping on or striking off the register. He failed to see how the necessary distinction could be maintained between the man who, while he got medical comforts, food, clothes, and lodging, did not receive such relief. Eventually the amend- ment was carried by 180 to 130 votes — a majority of 50 against the Government. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach intimated that the Government would take no further responsi- bility for the measure. Sir W. Plarcourt declared that the bill was the property of the House, and that responsibility would devolve on the majority. The clause was accordingly added to the bill. — General Grant died early this morning, after an illness of nearly four months’ duration. The General was at the point of death about the end of March last, but recovered to such an ex- tent that in May his friends hoped the danger had passed. A relapse, however, supervened, and the patient succumbed to-day. Ulysses Simpson Grant was born at Mount Pleasant, Ohio, in 1822, and graduating at the Military Academy at West Point, served through the Mexican campaign of 1845. He then engaged for several years in business, but it was not until the Civil War broke out that his great qualities as a soldier were recognised. In that war he rose rapidly from the position of aide- de-camp to that of general- in-chief, and in the various campaigns was singularly successful. The General was twice elected to the Presi- dency of the United States, and though he was 1477 JULY 1885 JULY more eminent as a commander than as a states- man his tenure of office was marked by judg- ment and moderation. 23 . — Cotopaxi, the great Andes volcano of Ecuador, bursts into violent eruption, streams of lava and showers of stones burying the most part of the town of Chimbo, and destroying many lives. 24 . — About 200 Liberal members of both Houses of Parliament entertain Earl Spencer to a banquet in Westminster Palace Hotel, in recognition of his public services as late Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland. The Marquis of Hart- ington presided. Amongst those present were the Duke of Grafton, Earls Sydney, Rosebery, Camperdown, Minto, Northbrook, Kenmare, the Marquis of Northampton, Messrs Bright, Goschen, Foster, and Trevelyan. The Chair- man, in proposing Earl Spencer’s health, said the Irish policy of his Lordship had not been that of Lord Spencer alone, but of Mr. Glad- stone’s Government. His tenure of office had been signalised by ameliorative Acts as well as by measures rendered necessary by violent agitation, supported by outrage and crime, and directed to the subversion of all the re- lations on which Irish policy rested. Lord Spencer, in reply, said he had undertaken the government of Ireland at a time of difficulty and after a terrible tragedy had been com- mitted. He had tried to do his duty to his Sovereign and his country fearlessly and in sight of the world. The Crimes Act, said the noble Earl, was justified by the state of Ireland. When it was passed, 30,000 Fenians, aided by numbers in England and Scotland and funds from America, resisted the law of the land. — The John Orr Ewing case determined in the House of Lords. The main point at issue concerned the legal right of a Scotch Court to interdict the executors of a domiciled Scotch- man’s estate from obeying the order of the English High Court of Justice. Lord Selborne, in delivering judgment, said he saw no reason to reverse the previous decision of the House of Lords, maintaining the jurisdiction of the English Court, and consequently denying the right of interdict to the Scotch Court. Accord- ingly, the interlocutor pronounced in the Court of Session directing the administration of the estate according to Scotch practice ap- peared to him unwarranted by principle or precedent in so far as it contradicted their Lord- ships’ decision. He therefore reversed the interlocutor to that extent, with the concur- rence of the other Lords. 25 . — Mr. H. D. Erskine, Deputy- Sergeant, appointed by the Queen to succeed Capt. Gossett in the office of Sergeant-at-Arms to the House of Commons. — Madame Patti, on completing her twenty- fifth annual engagement at Covent Garden Theatre, is presented on the stage with an 1478 address and a diamond bracelet subscribed for by some of her numerous admirers in the metropolis. 25 . — A crew of eight members of the Oxford University and Dover Rowing Clubs left Dover in an outrigged skiff, about 10.15 A.M., and reached Calais in safety at 2.45 p.m. In the course of the row two of the crew were disabled by the heat of the sun. Six-inch splash-boards had been fitted to the boat and its ends covered with canvas, and each man was furnished with a sponge for bailing. 26 . — Labour demonstration at Mitchels- town, Cork, against the local branch of the National League, who had refused relief. Several were injured in the riot which ensued. — Died at Sarratt Hall, Herts, aged 62, Major-General Charles William Mills ; served with distinction in the Oude Campaign, and assisted at the siege and capture of Lucknow. 27 . — Egyptian three per cent, loan of ^9,000,000, guaranteed by the European Powers, issued simultaneously in London, Paris, Frankfort, and Berlin, at 95 J. — The Cart Navigation Bill before the Select Committee of the House of Commons, when counsel were heard. The Committee found the preamble proved, and decided that the maximum launching rate should remain at is., that below Inchinnan Bridge navigation dues should be one-third, and that above the bridge all dues should be alike. The clauses were adjusted and the bill passed. — The Transvaal Government, being unable to meet its liabilities, suspended payment. 28 . — In the Commons Mr. Callan called attention to the attack made on the Parnellites by Mr. Bright at the Spencer banquet. He indignantly repudiated the charge of disloyalty and sympathy with murder, and moved that the language was a breach of the privileges of the House. Mr. Bright proceeded to justify the language he had used, and at the close of his remarks withdrew from the House. Sir M. Hicks-Beach deprecated party attacks out of doors being made questions of breach of pri- vilege. Lord Hartington denied that Mr. Bright’s language was in any way unfounded or calumnious. In the protracted discussion which followed, part was taken by Lord Randolph Churchill and Mr. Chamberlain. Ultimately, Mr. Callan offered to withdraw his motion, but it was negatived by 154 to 23 votes. — Sir Moses Montefiore died this afternoon at his residence near Ramsgate, the immediate cause of his death being congestion of the lungs. The deceased baronet was born Octo- ber 24, 1784, and was consequently nearly 101 years old at his death. Sir Moses for the past three-quarters of a century had devoted himself to ameliorating the condition of the Jews in all parts of the world, and in Palestine, Morocco, and JULY 1885 AUGUST Roumania his efforts had met with signal success. The completion of the centenary of his birth last autumn was hailed with general rejoicing throughout Europe. 28 . — The Directors of the Bank of Ireland decline to comply with the application of the committee of the shareholders of the Munster Bank for an overdraft of ^500,000. They suggested, however, that further capital should be raised, as provided for in the articles of as- sociation by a power to issue debentures. That course would render a call unnecessary, and if it could be carried out the Board of the Bank of Ireland would be disposed to consider favour- ably any reasonable propositions based on such a plan. 29 . —Warrant issued in Dublin for the ap- prehension of Robert Farquharson, joint manager of the Dublin branch of the Munster Bank, on a charge of having falsified the bank accounts. In going over the books the actuary discovered discrepancies to the extent of about ^70,000 in the department under the sole control of Farquharson. — Speaking at the Mansion House Minis- terial banquet, Lord Salisbury said Her Majesty’s Ministers occupied a peculiar and unusual position ; they had had to carry on the Government when, by a singular conjuncture of constitutional circumstances, there was a House of Commons adverse to them, and sub- ject to no responsibility to the electors ; but it was only fair to say that the assurances which they had received from their predecessors had been fully and honourably carried out. In virtue of this they had been able to show at home and abroad that there was something higher than mere party interests, and that when the interests of the country were engaged, all Englishmen might be trusted to act alike. — Official bulletins issued at Madrid make mention of 3,168 fresh cases of cholera, and 1 , 252 deaths throughout Spain. In consequence of a proclamation of the existence of cholera at Tudela, in Navarre, a riot took place in the town, and a train was wrecked by the mob. 30 . — In the Commons, Mr. Plunket, First Commissioner of Works, states the views of Government as to the erection of a statue of General Gordon, and in eloquent terms paid a tribute to his memory. In the course of the discussion on the subject Sir W. Lawson wanted to know what General Gordon had done to deserve a statue, and Mr. Labouchere, object- ing to what General Gordon had done at Khar- toum, also objected to the vote — which was, however, agreed to amid cheers. — A new first-class ironclad, the Fran- cisco Marsini, of 10,000 tons burden, launched at Venice, in presence of the King and Queen and an enormous assemblage of people. — After thirty-three days’ hearing, Mr. W. E. Forster’s Committee of the House of Com- mons, decided that the projectors of the Man- chester Ship Canal had proved the preamble of their Bill, with the following conditions : — That the dredging should be 1 5 ft. instead of 12 ft. ; that the five millions of capital should be raised independently of the 1,710,000, required for the purchase of the Bridgewater Canal and Mersey and Irwell undertakings ; and that the canal should come through the land after entering the lock at Eastham. 30 . —The garrison of Kassala, unable to hold out any longer, made an amicable arrange- ment with the hostile tribes, and surrendered the town after a protracted and heroic resist- ance of more than a year. 31 . — At a special meeting of the House of Lords, Prince Henry of Battenberg takes the oath of allegiance preliminary to his naturali- zation as a British subject. — At a meeting of the Shareholders’ Com- mittee to-day the new plan for the reconstruc- tion of the Munster Bank was unanimously adopted. According to this scheme a new bank was to be started to take over the busi- ness of the Munster Bank, the nominal capital being 150,000 shares of ^5 each, with £2 paid on application. Farquharson, the ab- sconding manager, reported to be still at large. — The rector of Saham Toney, Norfolk, before a large congregation, excommunicated a parishioner aged 82, for persistent neglect of the Church’s ordinance, and refusal of her ministrations. — At an auction held at the Tam-o’-Shanter Inn, Ayr, several relics of the Poet Burns were sold. The “Tam-o’-Shanter” and “ Souter Johnnie” chairs fetched ^*47 each, and were secured for the Burns Cottage. The “ Stirrup Cup,” a small wooden bowl with a silver band, was bought by Messrs. Christie for £ 55 - — The unostentatious funeral of Sir Moses Montefiore took place in the Mausoleum of the Jewish Synagogue at Ramsgate, a facsimile of the tomb of Rachel at Bethlehem. August 1. — Mr. Forster, speaking to his constituents at Bradford, defends the attitude he had felt it his duty to take toward the Government on their Irish and foreign policy. One or two facts of historical interest in con- nection with the Irish question were also touched — as for instance that the provision for fixity of tenure in the Land Act was his sugges- tion, and that after the Phoenix Park murders he had offered to go back to Dublin in an unofficial capacity to give what help he could to Lord Spencer in his difficult task. Terrible as were the murders, he believed they saved Ireland, for they pressed the Government on to pass the Crimes Act, without which he felt certain that matters would have gone from bad to wor. e until they would have had to restore H 79 AUGUST 1885 AUGUST order not by an Act of Parliament but with an armed force and with cannon. The right hon. gentleman then pointed out the dangers which will arise when the Crimes Act expires, and expressed great confidence in Lord Carnarvon, as a conscientious man, and one of the most fearless of men he knew. Mr. Forster after- wards justified his speeches and votes on the vacillating and undecided policy of the Govern- ment in Egypt and the Soudan, and replied to the attacks which had been made upon him in regard to that matter by a section of the Liberals of Bradford. 1. — The trial of Riel, leader of the Canadian revolt, ends in his conviction, and in a con- sequent sentence of death. In his address to the jury, Riel justified his recent acts on the ground that he had a mission to relieve the half breeds. Pie proclaimed himself to be the prophet of a new Church, and appealed earn- estly to British justice. The judge, who summed up to-day, directed the jury to convict Riel, unless they believed him to have been insane during the rebellion. After an hour’s delibera- tion the jury found the prisoner guilty, but recommended him to mercy, and he was sen- tenced to be hanged at Regina on the 18th September. Notice of appeal was given. — Died, aged 89, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, of Williamshaw, Ayrshire, for twenty-three years Professor of Architecture at University College, London. 3 . — Died, Susan, Countess of Albemarle. Her ladyship, who was the daughter of Sir Coutts Trotter, was married to the Earl in August, 1831. — Died, aged 63, Rev. Gilbert Henderson Philips, Canon of York, and editor of the York Journal of Convocation. — Died at Trevandrum, aged 48, the Maharajah of Travancore, one of the most enlightened and learned of Indian native princes ; he wrote and spoke English with ease, and was an accomplished Sanscrit scholar. — According to a statement made by Lord Salisbury in the House of Lords to-night, the negotiations with the Russian Government re- garding the Afghan frontier have made little progress since Mr. Gladstone’s Ministry re- signed. The only consoling fact appeared to be that there was no attempt at aggression on the part either of Russia or of the Ameer. Both have respected the arrangement agreed upon by the late Government, that Maruchak should remain in the possession of Afghanistan, and that Russia should be rewarded for its for- ward movement and defeat of the Afghans by retaining possession of Penjdeh. 5 . — Died, aged 83, Robert Potts, M.A., a celebrated Cambridge “Coach,” editor of Euclid, &c. — Manchester Ship Canal Bill read a third time in the Commons Avithout discuss : on. 1480 5 . — Addressing a political gathering in Hull Mr. Chamberlain expressed a belief that the new electors would seize upon their enfran- chisement to secure social advancement, and whilst he did not wish to lead a revolution he was satisfied that the extremes of wealth and poverty side by side formed a source of danger. The present aggregation of riches was an evil, and every man ought to be in a position to provide for sickness and age. He looked to local government to do much in this direction, and thought the time had come when educa- tion should be free for all and at the cost of all. He repeated his assertion that the poor were more heavily taxed than the rich, and advocated a scheme of graduated taxation which should increase in proportion to the amount of property to be taxed. He also advocated free trade in land, registration of titles, cheapening of transfers, the abolition of entail and primogeniture, and an alteration of the death-rates. — The return by the Inspector- General of the Royal Irish Constabulary for the quarter ending 30th June, 1885, shows that the total number of agrarian outrages in Ireland during that period was 205. Of these, 100 come under the head of threatening letters and notices, 27 under that of incendiary fires, and 23 under that of injury to property. As usual, the bulk of the offences occurred in the southern coun- ties, Kerry accounting for 38, Limerick for 21, Tipperary for 19, and Cork for 17. — Several applications, both for the volun- tary and compulsory liquidation of the Munster Bank, heard before the Rolls Court in Dublin. The Master of the Rolls said there was evi- dently a unanimous desire for voluntary and not compulsory liquidation, and he accordingly appointed provisional liquidators to represent Dublin and Cork. The decision was re- ceived with great satisfaction by a crowded court. — The Earl of Aberdeen presented with the freedom of the City of Edinburgh in recognition of his services. The ceremony took place in the Council Chambers. 6. — In Committee on the East India Revenue Accounts, Lord R. Churchill made his state- ment on Indian finance. The figures dealt with were for three years — the closed accounts of two years ago, the revised estimates of last year, and the Budget estimate for the current year. After detailing the steps being taken to provide for the defence of the North-West frontier, which would involve an outlay for frontier railways of five millions and for fortifi- cations three millions, and a permanent in- crease of military charge of about two millions a year, Lord Randolph proceeded to criticise in severe terms Lord Ripon’s administration, which in prosperous times had committed the greatest and most unpardonable crime of not looking ahead, and had slept, lulled by the languor of the lotus. He looked back upon AUGUST AUGUST 1885 Lord Ripon’s Viceroyally, and endeavoured to contemplate it without any party passion or prejudice, and he found in it not one redeem- ing feature. The noble Lord then quoted statistics to show that there was no reason, notwithstanding what had taken place, to lose hope of the Indian finances, and announced that the Government, if in office next year, would propose a Parliamentary inquiry into the system of government in India. 6 . — Robert Tomlinson and George Thom- son, late managers of the Crag Steamship Com- pany, Liverpool, sentenced at the assizes to three months’ imprisonment for having made a false entry in the company’s balance-sheet. — Sir E. J. Reed, speaking at a dinner of members of the Load-Line Committee to cele- brate the conclusion of their labours, said, with regard to their protracted sitting, it was impossible that a committee representing such vast and varied interests could arrive at a proper conclusion without ample time for de- liberation. The question before them had been thoroughly thrashed out, and it had to be decided not on abstract considerations but by the absolute experience of the shipping world. They had done everything possible to secure life at sea without stifling or crippling the shipping industry. 7 . — Addressing the Buckrose Division of East Riding electors, Mr. G. O. Trevelyan expressed satisfaction at the transfer of poli- tical power from the few to the many, and at the awakening of public opinion in country districts. This opinion, he believed, where full and active, would recognise that the differ- ence between the Liberal and Conservative parties was a moral difference, and if no ille- gitimate influences were used Toryism would be nowhere after November. He did not believe the country would trust for other five years a coalition between the Irish National League and the Primrose League. The Liberal party had a well-known programme — the reform of the land laws, especially arrangements for its easy transfer, the pro- vision of a complete system of local govern- ment, with popular control of liquor traffic, municipal reform in the Metropolis, public supervision of the proceedings of the city guilds, and a revision of the Parliamentary machinery and procedure, including reform of the House of Lords. — Baron Grant examined in bankruptcy in the London Court. His accounts showed lia- bilities to the amount of £217,711 and assets amounting to £74,494. In the coqrse of ex- amination the bankrupt stated that in 1867 he had a surplus of some half a million sterling, and that his expenditure had been at the rate of from ,£8,000 to £9,000 a year. — At Liverpool Assizes, Carl Roskowsky, a German sailor, is tried on a charge of hav- ing wilfully murdered the second mate of the vessel Paragon. It appeared that the vessel left Buenos Ayres for Valparaiso on the 27th March last. Discontent arose among the sea- men on account, it was alleged, of insufficient food and bad usage, and Roskowsky attempted to organise a mutiny. On the 17th April the second mate was found lying on the deck with a frightful gash in his head, and several of the crew swore that Roskowsky, axe in hand, had invited them to kill the officers. The captain succeeded in preventing any further outbreak, and Roskowsky was put in irons. The jury returned a verdict of manslaughter, and prisoner was sentenced to ten years’ penal servitude. 7 . — The Cunard Line Steamer Etruria reached Crookhaven, having made the passage from New York in six days six hours, the fastest on record. — A respectable middle-aged man com- mitted suicide in Paris by throwing himself from the gallery connecting the two turrets of the Cathedral of Notre Dame. — Died, aged 67, Horace Wigan, actor and dramatist. 8. — Correspondence published between Sir Frederick Milner and Lord Salisbury, Lord R. Churchill, Lord St. Oswald, and Mr. Parnell, in reference to a statement made by Mr. Herbert Gladstone at Leeds containing the details of the treaty which he declared had been drawn up between the Conserva- tive party and the Parnellites. Lord Salis- bury remarked that the statement that he had made a compact with Mr. Parnell was entirely false. Lord R. Churchill said that the asser- tions as to the treaty with Mr. Parnell are absolutely false, and have not the slightest foundation in fact. Lord St. Oswald (Mr. Rowland Winn) gives the most distinct and unqualified contradiction to the statement ; whilst Mr. Parnell said he had no knowledge of any such alliance, nor have any of his colleagues. “ I have,” adds Mr. Parnell, “held no communication upon any of the public matters referred to with any member of the present Government or any of their officials, directly or indirectly, except across the floor of the House of Commons.” — Petition filed in the Probate and Divorce Division by Mr. Donald Crawford, advocate, for divorce from his wife — Sir Charles Dilke, Bart., M.P., being the co-respondent. In a letter on the subject to the chairman of the Chelsea Liberal Association, Sir Charles Dilke affirms that the charge brought against him is untrue, and states that he looks forward with confidence to the result of the judicial inquiry which must now take place. Meanwhile he placed himself in the hands of the Liberal Association. “If the Council,” says Sir Charles, “should be of opinion that the in- terests of the party will suffer at the general election by being confided to one who rests, 1481 A UGUST 885 AUGUST however undeservedly, under so grave an im- putation, I shall be prepared to retire from all public life until this accusation shall have been disproved.” 8 . — Died in London, Judge Walsh, one of the judges in Irish Bankruptcy Court. — Mr. Gladstone embarks at Greenhithe on board Sir Thomas Brassey’s yacht for a cruise in Norway. — The ceremonies in New York to-day connected with the funeral of General Grant assumed gigantic proportions. It was attended by President Cleveland and representatives from all the States. The procession was about six miles in length, and included more than four hundred carriages, whilst the number of persons present was estimated at nearly one hundred thousand. Business was entirely sus- pended throughout the day, not only in New York, but in most cities of the Union. The weather proved favourable, and but four casualties occurred during the progress of the enormous procession. — - Speaking at Liverpool in response to an invitation that he should contest the Exchange Division of the City, Mr. Justin McCarthy said he entered Parliament as an absolutely independent member, but had become con- vinced that the only hope for Ireland was for the Irish members to unite under Mr. Parnell. Mr. Parnell’s leadership had been marked by the most successful results, and the Irish party now held in their hands the fate of any English Ministry. Mr. Healy, M.P., also spoke, and resolutions were adopted repudiating any sympathy with English political parties, and pledging the meeting to work for the return of Nationalist candidates. — Died, aged 85, Sir Charles Wood, first Lord Halifax. He sat in Parliament succes- sively for Great Grimsby, Wareham, Halifax, and Ripon, from 1826 to 1866 ; he filled the office of Secretary of the Treasury from 1832 to 1834 ; was Secretary to the Admiralty from 1835 to 1839 ; and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1846 to 1852. In the December of 1852 he was appointed President of the Board of Control, and was First Lord of the Admiralty from 1855 to 1858. He was subsequently Secre- tary of State for India, and President of the Indian Council. He was raised to the peerage as Viscount Halifax, 21st February, 1866, and became Lord Privy Seal in 1870. — Charles H. Boydell, who had been arrested at Vienna for writing threatening letters to Mr. Gladstone, with a view to extort money, sentenced to six months hard labour. Plis defence was that his only object in writing them was to be brought to London, as he was penniless. IO. — Criminal Law Amendment Bill passed as amended in the Lords. Early in the Ses- sion (March 26) the measure was introduced 1482 into the Upper Plouse by Lord Dalhousie, but it was “ talked out” in the Commons during May, and appeared to be altogether abandoned, till a series of articles on “ Modern Babylon ” in the Pall Mall Gazette , written with much vigour if not in the best of taste, drew such publicity to the then defective state of the law regarding the corruption of children, as induced the Home Secretary (Sir R. Cross) to propose somewhat hastily that the adjourned debate should be resumed. The proceedings in Committee extended over more than a week (July 30, to August 7) ; and although numerous amendments were introduced into the original bill the Committee refused to accept Mr. Hopwood’s oft-repeated warning against legis- lation in a panic, his contention being that the existing law, if firmly and impartially adminis- tered, would meet all the evils which the new bill had in view. The age of felonious assault was raised (76 to 58) from twelve to thirteen ; the flogging of male offenders under the age of sixteen was assented to (241 to 204), the age of consent was on the motion of Sir R. Cross raised from fifteen to sixteen (179 to 71); whilst the admission of the evidence of chil- dren ignorant of the nature of an oath was rejected (123 to 120) ; as well as the attempt to make the evidence of a second witness necessary, except in cases where there was an absence of corroborative testimony. On the return of the bill as amended to the House of Lords to-day the chief discussion took place on the clause raising the limit of age to six- teen ; but the Government urging that further delay might endanger the passing of the measure, it was accepted. 11. — Died at Vichy, aged 76, the Rt. Hon. R. Monckton Milnes, first Lord Houghton, a popular member of society, prominent in litera- ture as the biographer of Keats, the friend of Heine, David Gray, and others, and a versatile writer of verse himself, as well as a sound critic. Lord Houghton, who represented Pontefract in Parliament for a quarter of a century, was raised to the peerage in 1863, during the Ministry of Lord Palmerston, who had also the honour of raising Macaulay to the Upper House. 12 — In the House of Lords, the Marquis of Salisbury moved with great taste and judg- ment a resolution according the thanks of the House to the officers and men of the navy, army, and Royal Marines, including Her Majesty’s Indian forces, European and native, to the officers and men of New South Wales, and to the Canadian boatmen for their services in the Soudan campaigns. The resolution further thanked the troops of the Khedive for their co-operation, and acknowledged with admiration the distinguished valour, devotion, and conduct of General Gordon, General Earle, and General Sir H. Stewart, and the other officers and men who perished in the campaigns, i The motion was seconded by Lord Carington, A UGUST 1885 AUGUST and, after a few words by the Duke of Cam- bridge, agreed to. In the Commons a similar resolution was moved by Sir M. Hicks- Beach, seconded by Lord Hartington, and, like the preceding, carried unanimously. 12 . — A vote of thanks to the army under Lord Wolseley for its services in Egypt moved and unanimously carried in both Houses of Parliament, and the announcement made that the Queen had raised Lord Wolseley to the dignity of a viscount. — In the Court of Session Lord Fraser pronounces judgment against Thomson & Co., rectifiers, Leith, for the forfeiture of 534 gallons of spirits seized on their premises, and said to have contained methyl. Two analysts gave it as their opinion that the spirit contained methyl, while two others declared they could not detect it. Lord Fraser, in delivering judgment, said the only question he had to determine was whether the spirit contained methyl or not, and he thought the evidence proved that it did. He accordingly pronounced judgment for the forfeiture craved by the Crown. — Late this evening a storm of great severity breaks out over the north-east coast of Scot- land. The fishing-fleets from Fraserburgh, Macduff, Wick, Lerwick, and Kirkwall were all at sea when the gale arose. Most of them endeavoured to get back without shooting their nets, but in some cases the nets had to be abandoned. In making the harbours many were driven on the 1 ocks or beach, and became total wrecks. The storm was felt with especial violence at Fraserburgh, and at daybreak there was a scene of wild excitement on the pierhead among the fisher-folk. — A small boat, eighteen feet in length and four in breadth, manned by one person, Captain Christian Svendsen, reached Millwall in safety, having left Stockholm thirteen days previously. He suffered more from want of sleep and pro- visions than from other causes, although he had met with stormy weather in the North Sea. — The official bulletin issued at Madrid re- ports 4433 cases of cholera and 1648 deaths throughtout Spain to-day. Travellers were subjected to great discomfort. In some cases five to twenty days’ quarantine is enforced, and the travellers are compelled to sleep in barns and huts without the ordinary necessaries of life. Next day the returns showed a large increase on even the above figures, especially in Granada, while in Seville the alarming step was taken of resigning local authority and closing the shops. — Died, aged 65, Dr. George Curtius, Professor of Classical Philology, and Co- Director of the Philological Seminary of the University of Leipsic. 13 . — The Duke of Richmond and Gordon appointed Secretary of State for Scotland, the first appointment under the new Act. 1483 14 - . — Parliament prorogued by commission, preparatory to a dissolution. The Royal Speech, read by the Lord Chancellor, touched on the Nile Expedition for the relief of Khart- oum, which Her Majesty regretted arrived too late to effect that object. After acknowledg- ing the bravery of the forces, and stating that all the troops had now been withdrawn from the Eastern Soudan, with the exception of Suakim, and from the Western Soudan down to Alashkert, Her Majesty remarked that the death of the Mahdi would probably enable her to perform with less difficulty the duties toward the ruler and people of Egypt which events had imposed on her. — Expiration of the Crimes Act in Ireland. — New schools erected at Redhill for the St. Anne’s Society, and costing ^40,000, opened by the Lord Mayor. — At a meeting of subscribers to the Daphne (Glasgow) relief fund, it was stated that subscriptions amounting in all to £ 30,723 had been received. Of this ,£22,000 had been invested, and returned an average interest of £ 4 1 2s. 3 d. per cent. At present there were in receipt of relief 60 widows, 88 children, and one man, who was still unable to work through injury. The total expenditure for the past year was £2340. Sir E. J. Reed, special commissioner, had stated in his report that the metacentric height in the Daphne's launching condition was found to be four inches. This he considered as much too small to ensure undoubted safety, especially with so consider- able an amount of loose weights and men on board, and the fact that in her case very small initial stability appears to have been unex- pectedly associated with a surprisingly small growth of stability as she inclined, and that the power of recovering from an inclining or rolling movement which a ship ordinarily possesses was largely wanting in her case. — Died, aged 79, Rev. John Griffiths, D. D., Keeper of the Archives of Oxford University. — Died at Scarborough, aged 49, Lord Earnest McDonnell Vane Tempest, third son of the late Marquis of Londonderry. During the Civil War in America he served in the Federal army under the name of General Stewart. 15 - — A ceremony took place at the Albert Palace, Battersea, recalling the custom of crown- ing a “rosiere,” still retained in a few places in F ranee. Instead of the rosiere being elected by the voices of her townspeople, the Vicar of St. Anne’s, Walworth, fixed upon a work-girl, F anny Butler, who had most distinguished hersel f by industry, good character, and devotion to an old and invalid parent. The choice was approved by her fellows and confirmed by a large congregation. In addition to the floral crown the rosiere was presented with a purse of money. — At a general meeting of the share- holders of the Munster Bank, held in Dublin, K K* AUGUST 1885 AUGUST a resolution is adopted approving of the volun- tary winding-up of the bank. It was pro- posed that the new bank should be named the Munster and Leinster Bank. 15 . — Died, aged 82, William John Thoms, F.S.A., founder and many years editor of “Notes and Queries,” and deputy librarian of the House of Lords. 16 - — A grand historical procession, a mile in length, passed through the streets of Brus- sels, in commemoration of the fiftieth anni- versary of the introduction of railways into Belgium. It represented the modes of con- veyance from the earliest times, and was closed with a faithful reproduction of the first train from Brussels to Malines in 1835, on which occasion George Stephenson was present. 17 . — The Lord Lieutenant and Countess of Carnarvon meet with an enthusiastic reception at Galway, in course of their tour in the West of Ireland. — Rev. John Wordsworth, Canon of Rochester and Oriel Professor of Scripture, appointed Bishop of Salisbury. — Lord Ripon writes to a correspondent that he does not think Lord R. Churchill’s recent statements in the House of Commons will mislead any one who is at all acquainted with the condition of India or the true cha- racter of the policy pursued by the late Administration. His Lordship adds that if he should have a convenient opportunity he may avail himself of it to make some com- ments upon Lord R. Churchill’s speech, and to point out the errors into which he has fallen. 19 . — In consequence of the general preva- lence of cholera throughout Spain, the local authorities of the Canary Islands, supported by the whole population refuse to admit to their ports any vessels from the home country. The newly-appointed Governor on arriving from Cadiz was allowed to land without oppo- sition, but within a very short time riotous proceedings began, the Governor and his escort being attacked by the population. The local authorities resigned en masse , and the streets and public buildings were occupied by soldiers. — Announcement made that Mr. Henry Craik, M.A. of Oxford, and LL.D. of Glas- gow, had been appointed Permanent Secretary to the Scotch Education Department. 20 . — H.M. S. Scout, the first of the ocean- going torpedo cruisers building for the Admi- ralty by Messrs. J. & G. Thomson, Clyde Works, makes her preliminary builders’ trial. The speed realised was 17! knots, while the power developed by the engines was greatly in excess of the contract guarantee. — Died, aged 66, Major-General Sir Harry St. George Ord, G.C.M.G., late Governor of Western Australia. 1484 21 . — At Arklow, Mr. Parnell, entertaining the Dublin Corporation, delivered a speech in which, sketching the future of Ireland sepa- rated from English rule, he declared himself strongly in favour of a policy protecting by high duties Irish trade and manufactures against English competition. — Loss reported of the sailing ship Had- dingtonshire off the port of San Francisco when on a voyage from Astoria to Liverpool. With the exception of one man and a boy, the crew — twenty-two in number — went down, as was thought, with the vessel. 22. — The steamer Albicoi'e, from Glasgow to Gothenburg, while passing through the Sound of Mull early this morning, ran down and sank the sailing yacht Kalafish , the pro- perty of Mr. Crossman, a London solicitor. The owner and his wife were on board, and went down with the vessel. Three of the crew were also drowned, and two were res- cued by the steamer and landed at Tober- mory. The weather was clear and fine when the accident occurred, and there was almost no wind. According to the account of the men rescued, the Albicore suddenly changed her course when about 150 yards from the yacht, and they surmised that the steersman had by mistake put his helm to starboard in- stead of to port. The steamer proceeded on her voyage. 23 . — A collision resulting in loss of life oc- curred to-day (Sunday) on the London Dis- trict Railway, two passenger trains running into each other close to Putney Bridge. The engine-driver of one of the trains was killed, and the stoker and one passenger seriously injured. In the examination of the line that followed it was found that the pin hold- ing the points of the connecting rod on the signal post had broken, and that the signal for blocking the line had consequently failed to act. — 1,897 deaths in one day from cholera in Spain : the highest record. — Died at Watford, aged 49, Sir John Douglas, K.C.M.G., late Lieutenant-Governor of Ceylon. 24 *. — Mr. Parnell entertained at Dublin at a dinner given by his Parliamentary colleagues, and in reply to the toast of his health, reviewed the events of the previous five years, and de- claring that the future work of the National party would be to obtain the restoration of legislative independence to Ireland. 25 . — In their official report to the President of the Board of Trade, the Load-Line Com- mittee express an opinion that it is now prac- ticable to frame general rules concerning freeboard without unduly interfering with trade. They submitted tables which they think can be adopted for all existing types of cargo vessels for some years to come, the AUGUST 1885 SEPTEMBER quality and condition of the ships alone being left to the discretion of the officers appointed to secure compliance. Appended to the report was a rider drawn up by the members of the Committee unconnected with the Board of Trade. 25 . — At a meeting in Dublin, presided over by Mr. Parnell, the Irish Parliamentary party adopts resolutions calling upon con- stituencies to select as their representatives “such men only as, by their integrity, judg- ment, and disposition to work in a spirit of loyalty and harmony with their colleagues, are capable of forming an honest, intelligent, and united party,” expressing the opinion that can- didates should be chosen by conventions act- ing in conjunction with Mr. Parnell and his colleagues, and recommending to constituencies a form of pledge binding candidates, in the event of their return, to act with the Irish Parliamentary party and to resign on a vote of the majority of the party. At the National League meeting Mjr. Parnell delivered a speech in which he gave counsel as to the mode of procedure at the general election, and expressed his firm conviction of the near ap- proach of the triumph of the National cause. Mr. T. P. O’Connor, Mr. Healy, and others spoke in equally confident strains of the speedy consummation of the wishes of the Nationalists. 2Q.-^-Mr. Gounod’s new oratorio, “Mors et Vita,” produced before a large audience at the Birmingham Musical Festival. Herr Richter conducted, and the solos were taken by Madame Albani, Madame Patey, Mr. Lloyd, and Mr. Santley. 27 . — Died at Glasgow, aged 85, Hugh Brown, an Ayrshire poet, best known as author of The Covenanters. 28 . — At the Memorial Theatre, Stratford- on-Avon, the anniversary of Shakespeare’s birth was celebrated by a performance of As You Like It, in which Miss Anderson took the part of Rosalind. — Died at Ottery St. Mary, aged 76, Sir James Walker, K.C.M.G., C.B., late Governor-in-Chief of Barbados ; also of the Bahamas. 30 . — Died, aged 51, Sidney Locock, Her Majesty’s Envoy Extraordinary to Brazil. — Died at Brenchley, Kent, Thomas Thorneycroft, the celebrated sculptor. September 1. — Royal Commission for in- quiring into the depression of trade gazetted. — In pursuance of the orders of H.R.H. the Ranger, the stall- holders in St. James’s Park, who represented the ancient “Milk Fair,” held for nearly two centuries in the Mall, are ordered to close their booths and remove their cows. Two only of the stall- holders refused to comply, and after a strong K K 2 protest in the newspapers, stating that some of the existing tenants had held stalls for many years, the order for their immediate removal was relaxed, and a compromise at length effected. 1. — Damage to the extent of .£30,000 caused at the Barrow Shipbuilding Works by a fire which broke out in the engineering department late at night and completely gutted the build- ing ; 2,000 hands thrown idle. 2. — First sitting of the Conference on the Crofter question opened at Portree, under the auspices of the Highland Land Law Reform Association of London and Edinburgh. Mr. Fraser Macintosh, M.P., presided. There were 174 delegates from 84 branches of the associations, besides representatives from Eng- lish towns, Calcutta, the Colonies, and the United States. — A dispute between employers and em- ployed going on for some time at the works of Messrs. Armstrong, Mitchell, & Company, Newcastle, results in the strike of 5,000 men of the ordnance and engineering departments. The masters refused to accede to the demand of the men for the dismissal of two managers accused of petty tyranny and unfair attempts to reduce wages, and the men determined to leave work till their demands were satisfied. — A woman named Jarrett charged at Bow Street with abduction of the girl Eliza Arm- strong and several other offences in connection with the same affair. The case was re- manded, and summonses granted against the following persons, alleged to have abetted the prisoner : — Mr. Stead, editor of the Pall Mall Gazette ; W. Jacques, also employed on that paper; Mrs. Coombe, and Madame Louise Mourez, at whose house the child was examined. 3 . — The attention of Lord Salisbury having been directed by a Welsh correspondent to a statement published to the effect that an under- standing exists between the Conservatives and Pamellites in relation to local government in Ireland which cannot stop far short of Home Rule, the Prime Minister replies that no under- standing either existed or exists. 4 . — Died at Atherstone, Warwickshire, aged 75 , Colonel William Yolland, C.B., F.R.S., R.E., one of the inspectors of rail- ways under the Board of Trade. 5 . — The notorious newspaper Bosphore Egyptien , published in Cairo, again sup- pressed, though on this occasion the initiative was taken by the French Government. The Bosphore , it appeared, had been indulging in language “calculated to prejudice French interests in Egypt.” 6 . — Extensive robbery reported to have taken place in Glasgow, the premises of Mr. Walter Semple, who carried on business as a 1485 SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER 1885 manufacturing jeweller in St- Enoch’s Lane, off Argyll Street, being broken into between Saturday afternoon and to-day (Sunday), and jewellery stolen to the value of about ^5,000. The stock had been locked in two patent safes, but both of these were found to have been forced open. The thieves, believed to be ac- complished “professionals,” appeared to have been scared, as they left behind several of the implements used in breaking open the safes, the chief of which was a steel crowbar about six feet in length. Only the most valuable portion of the stock was taken. 9 . — In a letter to Rev. Dr. Hutton, Paisley, replying to an inquiry i*especting Disestablish- ment in Scotland, Mr. Gladstone reiterates his opinion that the question must be decided by the people of Scotland, and declares that it would be mischievous to lay down the mode in which that decision should be expressed, and that it ought not to be required by anticipa- tion that an election should be held on the question. 10. — The Guards begin to arrive in London from the Soudan. — Died, aged 75, William Augustus Guy, M.B., Cantab., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., formerly physician to King’s College Hospital, and Pro- fessor of Hygiene there ; some time Vice-Presi- dent of the Royal Society. — Died, aged 70, Mrs. Edwards, pro- prietress of the Hand Hotel, Llangollen ; formerly known as the Maid of Llangollen. 12. — Damage to the amount of ^20, coo caused by fire on the premises of Messrs. Jas. Pickles & Sons, stuff merchants, Bradford. 14 . — The first yacht match for the American cup between Genesta and Puritan won by the latter, as was also the second match, sailed on the 1 6th. — Died at Glasgow, aged 65, Rev. Dr. T. Logan Aikman, Moderator of the United Presbyterian Church and minister of Ander- ston U.P. Church. 15 . — Mr. Chamberlain visits Glasgow, and makes a political speech in the evening in St. Andrew’s Hall. He spoke at Inverness on the 18th. — “Jumbo,” the elephant formerly in the Zoological Gardens, received such injuries in a railway collision at St. Thomas, Ontario, that he died in a few minutes. 18 . — Mr. Gladstone issues, through the “National Press Agency,” the new Liberal manifesto in the form of an address to the electors of Midlothian. He felt himself, it was said, as too closely associated with the proceedings of the last six sessions to withdraw himself from the acquittal or condemnation about to be pronounced on the conduct of the late Government ; but in asking for a renewal 1486 of their trust he looked forward with cheerful- ness to the result. As to legislative work, notwithstanding that public business still re- mains lamentably in arrear, the history of the Parliament of 1880, even apart from the great Reform Acts, will compare favourably with that of former periods, and especially with that of the Parliament which preceded it. Defending the foreign policy of the Govern- ment so far as concerned Afghanistan and Egypt, Mr. Gladstone wrote of two home questions — Disestablishment and Ireland. With respect to Disestablishment, he declared it to be obvious that so vast a question cannot become practical until it shall have grown familiar to the public mind by thorough dis- cussion ; with the further condition that the proposal, when thoroughly discussed, shall be approved. “Neither, I think, can such a change arise, in a country such as ours, except with a large observance of the principles of equity and liberality, as well as with the general consent of the nation;” On the sub- ject of free education he reserves final judg- ment. The right hon. gentleman dwelt at some length on the important question of I rish affairs. In reply to Mr. Parnell’s demands, he answered that “to maintain the supremacy of the Crown, the unity of the Empire, and all the authority of Parliament necessary for the conservation of that unity, is the first duty of every representative of the people. Subject to this governing principle, every grant to portions of the country of enlarged powers for the management of their own affairs is, in my view, not a source of danger, but a means of averting it, and is in the nature of a new guarantee for increased cohesion, happiness, and strength ; ” and, added Mr. Gladstone, “ history will consign to disgrace the name of every man who, having it in his power, does not aid or prevents or retards an equitable settlement between Ireland and Great Britain.” — • Seventeen persons drowned through a collision off the South Foreland between the steamers Brenda and Dolphin . — Another revolution in Eastern Rou- melia, the population of that province placed under Turkish rule by the Berlin Treaty, having risen against the Government, seized Gabriel Pasha, the Governor-General, occupied all the strategic points on the Turkish frontier, and proclaimed the union of the country with Bulgaria. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 90, Lord Teignmouth, second Baron, D.C.L. , an active promoter of the Mendicity Society in London, and of prison reform ; went through the Waterloo campaign in the capacity of a civilian. — Died at Ormsby, Argyllshire, after a brief illness, aged 66, Rev. John Campbell Shairp, Principal of the United College, St. Andrews. The Principal was educated at SEPTEMBER 1S85 SEPTEMBER Edinburgh Academy, Glasgow University, and Balliol College, Oxford. Ilis first app nntment was that of Assistant Master at Rugby. He afterwards received the Professorship of Hu- manity in the United College, St. Andrews, and in 1868 was appointed Principal. In 1877 he received the Chair of Poetry at Oxford, where he delivered in 1881 the lectures after- wards published under the title of Aspects of Poetry. His best known works were Kilma- Jioe, a Highland Pastoral , and an essay on The Poetic Interpretation of Nature. 19 . — The strike at Elswick brought to a conclusion by the intervention of Mr. John Morley, M.P., the men withdrawing their demands for the dismissal of certain superior officials, and the Company giving way on the question of piecework. 20. — A political meeting for the first time held in the building of the Paris Bourse. Revolutionists of all sides were invited to attend, the Anarchists and Possibilists answer- ing in the largest numbers. A fight for the chairmanship was at once begun ; sticks and fists were freely used, benches broken, and a few revolver shots fired. The Anarchists were ultimately routed. 21 . — At the Thames Police Court several persons were fined for obstruction in connection with the demonstration of the Social Demo- cratic Federation on Sunday 18th. At a later hour Mr. William Morris, the poet, was charged with creating a disturbance in Court while these cases were being tried, and with assaulting a policeman. Mr. Morris denied the assault, but admitted that he had allowed his feelings to get the better of him, and had cried “Shame” when the Magistrate had passed sentence. His Honour, on being in- formed by Mr. Morris that he was an artist and literary man pretty well known throughout Europe, “excused the matter,” and told Mr. Morris he might go. • — Mrs. Weldon discharged from Hollo- way Gaol by order of the Home Secretary. 22. — The Earl of Tddesleigh entertained to luncheon at Aberdeen by various Conservative Associations of the north and north-east of Scotland. In replying for Her Majesty’s Ministers his Lordship referred to Mr. Glad- stone’s manifesto, which he declared was dis- appointing from a statesmanlike point of view, though from a tactical side there was much to admire in its cleverness. — The Prince of Bulgaria makes his public entry into Philippopolis, the capital of Eastern Roumelia, and was received wiih great enthusiasm by the population. It was stated that the Prince forwarded a letter to the sig- natory Powers of the Treaty of Berlin in which he explained his action with reference to Eastern Roumelia. 22. — Three hundred lives lost by a cyclone which swept over Orissa and the Bay of Bengal. 23 . — After a concert given in her honour at Stockholm, Madame Christine Nilsson sang from the balcony of the Grand Hotel to a crowd of thirty thousand persons. In the struggling which took place seventeen persons were crushed to. death and many others received serious injuries. 26 . — Further evidence heard in the Arm- strong abduction case at Bow Street Police Court. Mr. Stead of the Pall Mall Gazette was allowed to read portions of a lengthy statement in justification of the course he had taken, and counsel on behalf of the other de- fendants contended that there was no evidence to go before a jury. Mr. Vaughan, the magis- trate, held that however lofty and pure might have been the motives of the defendants, there was* no justification for taking the child from her parents, and it would be most perilous to the liberty of the people of this country if such an infraction of the law were permitted. The defendants were accordingly committed for trial, but admitted to bail as before. — An extraordinary case of bigamy, tried at the Old Bailey, resulted in the discharge of the jury, ten being for conviction and two for acquittal. The defendant, James Malcolm, alias McDonald, a meat salesman, was claimed by a Miss Dash as her husband,, he having married her at Brighton, under the name of McDonald, after a few days acquaintance, and then deserted her on the plea that the ship of which he pretended to be the captain was about to sail. Three months subsequently Miss Dash met the accused at a ball and claimed him, but he denied being the man or that he had ever personated a ship’s captain, and pleaded an alibi. Witnesses on both sides were equally positive and equally re- spectable. Malcolm was tried again on the same chage at the ensuing session, and after a week’s trial found guilty and sentenced- to seven years’ penal servitude. 29 .— Speaking to an assembly of Liberal electors at Cambridge, Mr. John Morley said he had endeavoured in vain to discover the policy of the Conservative party. The defini- tion of it given by Lord Iddesleigh at Aberdeen as a policy of inquiry was the ne plus ultra of nullity, sterility, negation, and nakedness that was not ashamed. Their policy in Ireland was one of soft words and hard cash, but the pay- ment of a tribute by Great Britain to Ireland was makeshift and quackery, not statesman- ship. The legitimate demands of Ireland to manage her own affairs were too vast to be avoided, and every week of delay embittered and still more entangled the difficulty. He disapproved of coercive legislation. Absolute independence would be a disaster to Ireland and a dishonour to England, but the Irish 1487 SEPTEMBER I885 OCTOBER must be trained in self-government, and if a measure giving effect to that doctrine had not been brought forward by the late Government the Conservative obstruction was to blame. He had great faith that as the election drew near the Liberals would become more closely united. 29 . — At the annual meeting of Sir W. G. Armstrong, Mitchell, & Co. (Limited) at Elswick, Sir W. Armstrong, who presided, stated that the profits of the year admitted of a dividend of eight per cent., with a balance of ^4,852. The company had acquired a site of seventy acres on the Bay of Naples, in accordance with the desire of the Italian Go- vernment to have in their own territories an establishment similar to that at Elswick. Re- ferring to the Elswick strike, he stated that the loss of wages amounted to about ^20,000 for the fifteen working days during which the men had been idle, besides the loss of a con- tract of the value of ^30,000, which would have been spent on wages. 30 . — The Lord Chamberlain (Earl- of Lathom) removed the restriction hitherto im- posed upon the London theatres of closing their doors on Ash- Wednesday. — Lord Trayner gives judgment in the Court of Session appeal case with regard to the valuation of Glasgow Water and Gas Work for the year ending Whitsuntide, 1886. As to the waterworks he found that deduction should only be allowed of a proportion of the rates and taxes paid in respect of such heritages, being the proportion payable by a tenant, and fixed that deduction at ^4,612, being one- half of the amount payable as rales or taxes. As to the gasworks his lordship gave a similar finding, fixing the deduction at ^14,371, being three-fourths of the whole amount of rates and taxes, and orders that the deduction of ,£449 on account of law and Parliamentary charges should not be made. October 1 . — The system of sixpenny tele- grams comes into operation. — Mr. Chamberlain addresses a great Liberal meeting at Bradford, in connection with the annual conference of the National Liberal Federation. He twitted the Govern- ment with having adopted the programme of the Liberal party, and said the best specific against obstruction was to put the Tory-Irish party on the treasury bench, where they could be carefully watched by the Liberal majority. He should not be surprised even to see them adopting the measures he had advocated and which were called extreme, for they had already taken all the measures out of the Opposition boxes, and, judging by Tory speakers, they could not possibly have any in their own. He referred to the Eastern difficulty, which he said was a bitter humility for Lord Salisbury, and regretted Parliament was not sitting, 1488 so that the policy of the Government might be ascertained, for Ministers who had spoken since the disturbances broke out had failed to give any satisfactory explanation of their views on the course they intended to adopt. 1. — The last general meeting of the present governing body of George Heriot’s Hospital held in Edinburgh, under the presidency of Lord Provost Sir George Harrison. An Order in Council approving of the scheme for the future administration of the Hospital was laid on the table, and intimation made that a meeting of the new governing body had been called for the 8th inst. The meeting ex- pressed their best wishes that the institution might in the future prove even more valuable to the citizens than it had in the past. The Hospital fabric was built at intervals between 1628 and 1650, at a cost of ^30,000, the design being furnished by Inigo Jones. — Died at Folkestone, after an illness of some months duration, at the ripe age of 84, Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper, K.G., &c., Earl of Shaftesbury. The venerable philanthropist was conscious up to the last, and passed quietly away. During his long and useful life Lord Shaftesbury was associated with numberless projects and movements for the amelioration of the physical and moral condition of the working classes. His Lordship entered Par- liament in 1846, and on the death of his father in 1851, at the age of eighty-three, took his seat in the Upper House. His Lord- ship’s interest in ecclesiastical affairs was second only to his interest in the condition of the poor, and in Evangelical circles he was probably the most influential layman of his age. (See also 8th Oct.) 2 . — Mr. G. Macdonald, the Revising Bar- rister for Middlesex, decided against the claims of the proprietors of the London Stock Exchange to be placed on the County Register, thereby disqualifying 619 members already re- gistered, and 1 19 new claimants. Notice of appeal was given. 3. — Died at Croom Castle, Fermanagh, aged 83, Sir John Crichton, K.P., Earl of Erne. — Holiday in Manchester and Salford in celebration of the passing of the Manchester Ship Canal Bill. The streets were decorated with banners and flags, and nearly all the warehouses and shops closed, as well as many of the mills. A procession numbering about fifty thousand, consisting of trade and friendly societies, marched through the streets with numbers of bands, while sections of the pro- cession marched to the Pomona Palace, Alexandra Park, and Bellevue respectively, where speeches were delivered. — The Scottish National Sabbath School Convention meets at Dumbarton, under the Presidency of Mr. William Denny, who delivered an address on the various movements OCTOBER OCTOBER 1885 that are now working towards the moral and social improvement of the population. In the afternoon addresses were delivered at a gather- ing of about 2,000 Sunday-School children. 4 -. — First meeting of Ambassadors at Con- stantinople on the Eastern Crisis, under the presidency of Count Corti. 5 . — A letter published from Sir Henry Pon- sonby, the Queen’s private secretary, contra- dicting in the most unqualified terms the statement that Her Majesty had invested a million sterling in the purchase of ground-rents in the city of London, adding that she had not such a sum to invest. — Mr. Parnell attends a County Conven- tion held at Wicklow for the selection of candidates for Parliament. Mr. Corbett, M. P., and Mr. Garrett Byrne, ex-M.P. for Wexford, were selected, and signed the pledge of allegiance to the party. Replying to ad- dresses presented afterwards at a public meet- ing, Mr. Parnell said that nothing had occurred to diminish his confidence since he last spoke in public that legislative independence, which constituted the whole programme of the party, would in the New Parliament be carried to a successful issue. In his manifesto Mr. Glad- stone had declared his willingness to consider Irish claims provided they did not involve separation. Mr. Chamberlain had agreed to give some sort of legislative chamber provided it had no power to protect Irish against Eng- lish manufacturers. It was not for him to say what a freely-elected Irish assembly might decide on, but he claimed for such a body absolute control of Irish affairs, and in his opinion certain Irish manufactures should be protected, at least for a time. As to separa- tion, it was certain that, under the connection with England, Ireland had been intensely disaffected and disloyal, and he urged English statesmen to give with a full and open hand if they would secure the only chance of attach- ing Ireland to the Empire. No guarantee could be given, but he pointed to the fact that disaffection had disappeared in the colonies to which self-control, including industrial protec- tion, had been granted. — So far as the results of the French elections were known up till to-night, 174 Conservatives and 135 Republicans were elected. Four of the Ministers who failed to obtain re-election tendered their resignations to M. Brisson, but the Premier peremptorily re- fused to accept them, on the ground that the gravity of the situation renders it indispensable for the Ministry to remain intact till the meeting of the Chambers. 6. — Two new wings of the Stanley Hospital, Liverpool, opened by Lord Derby, who pre- sented 10,000 yards of land required for the buildings, and subscribed ^1,000 to the general funds of the hospital. 6 . — Died at Dinan, aged 52, Major-General Montague Procter, of the Bengal Native In- fantry, son of Bryan Waller Procter (Barry Cornwall). 7 . — Addressing a public meeting at Newport, Monmouthshire, Lord Salisbury deplored the necessity of having had to fight the late Ad- ministration on their financial proposals, and charged Mr. Chamberlain with a baseless libel in accusing the Conservative Government of contradicting in office their speeches made in opposition. He claimed that the present Government had successfully negotiated the Egyptian Loan and settled the Afghan frontier, while he repudiated the proposition that armed intervention was necessary in Roumelia. The Government policy was to uphold the Turkish Empire where not inconsistent with the wel- fare of the peoples governed. Above all, the English Government’s object was peace. He advocated an extension of local government, the settlement of the Sunday closing question by the local authorities, and the transfer of licensing power to local bodies, with right of compensation. In Ireland he urged the necessity for maintaining the integrity of the Empire, and the suppression of boycotting. On the land question he favoured easy trans- fer. He would make education more liberal, with the right of religious teaching, and would maintain to the uttermost the national Church. — Apart from the appearance of Lord Salisbury at Newport, the electoral event of the day was the speech of Mr. Goschen in opening his candidature for the Eastern Division of Edinburgh. He said that if the Liberal party had, as he expected, a triumphant majority their first difficulty would be Ireland. It was for that reason that reform in the pro- cedure of the House of Commons had been put in the front of the Liberal programme, because it was only if that reform was made that they could be able to give effect to the wishes of the people. They must be in a position to face with success and with credit the opposition with which they had been threatened by Mr. Parnell. As to Mr. Parnell’s view that the English hang to the Irish union because of the commercial gains they make out of the sister island, it was for no such reason, but because we thought it essential to our ex- istence that this group of islands should remain tied together, as in the past. — Royal Commission for inquiring into the depression in trade meet in London for the first time — Lord Iddesleigh presiding. Nearly all the members were present. Mr. Robert Giffin, of the commercial department of the Board of Trade, was the first witness called. 8 . — Addressing an assembly at Bury, Lord Hartington discussed the Premier’s manifesto at Newport, and sought to justify the declara- tion that Government by their Irish policy had struck a blow at public morality. He found 1489 OCTOBER 885 OCTOBER no fault with the Government for having carried out the programme of their predecessors in respect of foreign affairs ; his criticism had solely referred to the position they had taken up towards Ireland. In justification of this statement, he contrasted their approval, while in opposition, of Lord Spencer’s administra- tion with their refusal to renew the Crimes Act, and wished to know whether the reso- lution which they had arrived at, and which had been communicated neither to their sup- porters nor to the country, had been confided to Mr. Parnell. Lord Salisbury's reasons for not attempting to renew the Crimes Act were lame and unsatisfactory. If the Government considered a renewal necessary but had not thought it possible, they should not have taken office. As to the opinion that a renewal could have done no good, Lord Hartington pointed to the fact that boycotting, which had been practically suppressed, was now in full development. 8. — The remains of the late Lord Shaftes- bury conveyed to Westminster Abbey, where a choral funeral service was performed. The Queen and Prince of Wales were represented at the ceremony ; and in addition to a large representative committee, there were deputa- tions from nearly two hundred religious and philanthropic institutions with which the deceased nobleman was associated. The body was laid next day in the family burying place of St. Giles, Dorset. 9 . — Jubilee of the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 celebrated by a banquet in London, under the presidency of the Lord Mayor of York. The banquet was attended by the Mayors of nearly all the muni- cipalities of England and Wales, by the Lord Mayors of London and Dublin, and by the Lord Provost of Edinburgh. — Died at Streatham, Durham, aged 74> John Bowes, formerly M.P. for South Durham, and one of the oldest members of the Jockey Club. 10. — The sunken rocks known as Hell Gate, in New York Harbour, blown up this morning. Nearly 300,000 pounds of dynamite were used, and the object of the explosion was believed to be completely successful. — Died at New York, aged 75, Cardinal McClosky. His Eminence was educated at New York and at Mount St. Mary’s College, Emmetsburg, Maryland, and ordained priest in 1834. In 1864 he succeeded Dr. Hughes in the Archbishopric of New York, and in 1875 was raised to the dignity of Cardinal. 11 . — Died at Turin, Father Giacomo, whose name is linked with that of Count Cavour, he having administered the last sacraments to his friend after excommunication, in consequence of which he was prohibited from continuing his priestly duties. 1490 13 . — A Board of Admiralty, presided over by the father of the reigning Emperor, established at Pekin. — The Spanish Government despatch a reply to the Berlin Note, accepting Papal mediation in the affair of the Carolines. 14-. — The Ambassadors at Constantinople, after a third conference, send a message to the Porte condemning and disavowing the viola- tion of the Treaty of Berlin by Bulgaria and Roumelia, and at the same time expressing their appreciation of the pacific attitude of Turkey. It was also stated that the Ambas- sadors expressed their disapproval of the action of Greece and the Balkan States. 15 . — 'Mr. John Morley, addressing the New- port Liberal Association, at their annual meet- ing, described Lord Salisbury’s programme as the most flimsy, unsatisfactory, and insincere ever submitted by a great Minister to a great nation. The present, he declared, was the most serious crisis in the relations between Ireland and Great Britain since 1829, but he trusted Mr. Gladstone would complete his work by giving Ireland a system of govern- ment which would meet her highest claims. He criticised Lord Salisbury’s home policy, dealing at some length with the land question, and stated that while the Conservatives clung to castes, hierarchies, and privileges, the Liberals trusted the people, and were ready to do all they could for the happiness and well-being of the country. — Announcement made of the death of H. W. Shaw, “Josh Billings,” a well-known American humorist, aged 66. 16 . — At a public meeting in the Mansion House, London, the Lord Mayor in the chair, it was resolved, on the motion of Lord Gran- ville, seconded by Lord Mount-Temple, that “a memorial of national gratitude should be established in testimony of the usefulness and devoted life” of the late Lord Shaftesbury. A committee was appointed to carry out the resolution and invite subscriptions. — The Marquis of Ripon, speaking at a Mayoral banquet at Ripon, expressed a hope that in the event of war with Upper Burmah a native prince would be placed on King Thebaw’s throne in preference to the country being annexed, which would involve grave difficulties. — The Earl of Rosebery presented with the freedom of the burgh of Paisley “in respect of his high character and eminent abilities as a statesman, and of his public services.” The ceremony took place in the presence of about 4,000 persons, in the George A. Clark Town Hall. 17 . — At Derby, Sir William Harcourt un- veiled a statue by Mr. Boehm, R.A., erected by public subscription to the late Mr. M. T. Bass, who had represented that borough for thirty-five years in Parliament. OCTOBER 885 OCTOBER 17 . — Reformers’ Memorial at Kilmarnock unveiled by Lord Rosebery in presence of a large gathering of people from all parts of Ayrshire. — Died at Gosport, aged 8r, Admiral Robert Fitzgerald Gambier, R.N. ; served with great distinction as a lieutenant at the bombardment of Algiers. 18 . — The bicentenary of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes commemorated by religious services in Canterbury Cathedral, and at vari- ous places of worship in London and elsewhere. — A Glasgow Relief Expedition lands off St. Kilda, with seasonable supplies for the islanders in food, seed, and raiment, for all of which they had stood much in need since the disastrous storm of September last burst over their lonely island home. This being Sunday, the supplies brought by the steamer Hebridean were not allowed to be landed till midnight. — Died in the Hotel de Rivoli, Paris, aged 82, the Right Hon. Sir Hugh Henry Rose, Lord Strathnairn. * Son of Sir G. H. Rose, and educated at Berlin, Sir Hugh entered the army in 1820, occupying from 1840 to 1856 various diplomatic and military positions in the East with great distinction. He com- manded the forces of Central India during the Mutiny, and for his brilliant generalship received the thanks of Parliament and had conferred on him several Orders, among which was the newly-instituted Star of India. He succeeded Lord Clyde in the chief command, and on resigning this took command in Ireland, a post which he gave up in 1870. In 1866 he was raised to the Peerage, and in 1877 to the rank of Field-Marshal. 19 . — Munster and Leinster Bank reopened at Cork, with two branches in Dublin and ten in other parts of Ireland. — The second ballot in the French elec- tions results much more favourably for the Republican party than did the first. Out of the 168 seats decided by ballot the Conserva- tive party obtain only twenty-two. The defeat of the Due de Broglie especially annoyed them. 20. — The Earl of Stair presides at a crowded meeting in St. Andrew’s Hall, Glasgow, of Scottish laymen of different religious denomi- nations opposed to the disestablishment and disendowment of the Church of Scotland. The Duke of Argyll moved that in the opinion of the meeting there was no desire on the part of the people of Scotland for the disestablishment and disendowment of their national Church. Many meetings similar in purpose now began to be held over all Scotland. • — About 700 of the Birmingham unem- ployed march out to Mr. Chamberlain’s resi- dence at Highbury. Great excitement prevailed, and the procession was accompanied by a strong body of police. At Highbury a deputation only were allowed within the gate, and these Mr. Chamberlain rebuked severely for their proceedings. 21 . — The restored nave of St. Alban’s Abbey opened by the Bishop of the diocese and the Archbishop of York, with a service at which the mayor and corporation, the lead- ing county families, and many others attended. The restoration, costing upwards of ^70,000, raised by public subscriptions, had been carried out under the direction of Sir Edmund Beckett, Chancellor and Vicar-General of the Arch- bishop of Y ork. 21. — Memorial stone of a new harbour at Eyemouth laid by Lady Fanny Marjoribanks. The new harbour when completed will extend over four and a half acres, and will, it is expected, prove a great boon to the fishermen of the East Coast. — Prince Albrecht of Prussia elected Regent of the Duchy by the Brunswick Diet. 22 . — Judgment given by the Judicial Committee of Privy Council in the Riel appeal case. The Lord Chancellor said the question had not been raised that the facts were not proven, and no arguments had been presented to their Lordships to show that the crime had not been committed. The plea of insanity had not been made out before the High Court, and no argument had been ad- duced to show that the decision was incorrect. Their Lordships were further of opinion that the appeal against the jurisdiction of the High Court was not valid. The appeal was accordingly dismissed. — The marriage of Prince Waldemar of Denmark with Princess Marie of Orleans was celebrated at the Chateau d’Eu. At the breakfast which followed the health of the bride and bridegroom was proposed by the Prince of Wales. — Died suddenly at his residence, Man- chester, aged 67, the Rt. Rev. James Fraser, D.D., Bishop of Manchester. Born at Prest- bury, near Cheltenham, and educated first at Bridgnorth and Shrewsbury, Dr. Fraser went afterwards to Oxford, where he had a dis- tinguished career. His first charge, at Chol- derton, in Wiltshire, was received in 1847, and he removed to Ufton-Nervet, near Reading, in i860. He was selected by Mr. Gladstone in 1870 as successor to the late Dr. Prince Lee in the Bishopric of Manchester. Apart from his ecclesiastical work Dr. Fraser was an eminent authority on educational matters. He will always be remembered for a valuable “Report on Elementary Education in Eng- land,” presented to the Du’;e of Newcastle’s 1491 OCTOBER OCTOBER 1885 Commission in i860, and for his work on the educational systems of the United States and Canada, which he wrote as Assistant Com- missioner to the Schools Inquiry Commission of 1865. The Bishop was buried in the church of Ufton-Nervet, Berkshire. 23 . — Opening of a free library at Darlington, for which Mr. Edward Pease had made a bequest of ^10,000. — An interesting dispute between Professor Edward Caird and Mr. W. S. Sime, book- seller, Glasgow, settled in the Court of Session. The point at issue was whether a student attending a professor’s lectures had a right to publish his notes. Sheriff Clark de- cided against Mr. Sime, and granted interdict on the volume which raised the dispute. An appeal was made to the Second Division of the Court of Session ; but on account of the novelty and importance of the case their Lordships of that Division appointed it to be laid before the judges of the whole Court, the result being that seven of the judges decided for Mr. Sime and six for Professor Caird. Lord Young, who gave the opinion of the majority, said common law alone was applic- able to the case. The public teaching of professors was open and free to public criticism. A professor had no right in the order and method of his teaching which would be invaded by disclosure outside his class-room. 24 . — General Sir Frederick Roberts enter- tained at dinner in the Mansion House by the Lord Mayor of London on occasion of his leaving England to take up the post of Com- mander-in-Chief in India. Among the guests were the Duke of Cambridge, Lord Napier of Magdala, and Lord Wolseley. — Speaking at Darwen, Lord Hartington expressed an opinion that there was practical unanimity in the Liberal party upon the four legislative subjects specified in Mr. Gladstone’s address. With reference to the doctrines of State and municipal socialism which had lately come to the front, he said he must protest against these doctrines being described as advanced Liberalism. He did not believe that Mr, Gladstone was specially enamoured of any of these doctrines, nor was Mr. Bright, nor the late Mr. Fawcett, nor Mr. Cobden. In dealing with such questions as the land we could not afford to discard the teachings of political economy. — Died at the palace, Ely, aged 65, Dr. Woodford, Bishop of Ely, to which see he was appointed in 1873, in succession to Dr. Harold Brown. 28 . — Lord Rosebery addresses a crowded public meeting at Wrexham on the reform of the House of Lords. His Lordship said he did not see how the House could be abolished by any constitutional means, and he was cer- 1492 tainly not in favour of boycotting it or starving it into insignificance. As a preliminary, how- ever, a committee of inquiry was indispensable. Such reform as was projected should be real and radical, and should be carried out by an independent authority. He was in favour of the principle of delegation with respect to some of the business of the Chamber, and whilst admitting representatives from the Colonies he would exclude Peers who had discredited their order, and would give Peers the option of be- coming members of the House. At present the House of Lords was a caucus which con- sidered all measures from a purely Conservative point of view, and gave Liberal measures no chance at all. He was ready for either abolition or reform, because he knew that our institutions were made for the people, and not the people for the institutions ; but he hoped that reform would be tried before abolition, and that the subject would be dealt with early in the new Parliament. Lord Richard Grosvenor said he was not in favour of curb- ing the legitimate power of the House as regarded questions, but deprecated their being made a means of obstruction. He was in- clined to advocate a two-thirds closure, which would be available at any moment. 26 . — Burglary at Netherby Hall, near Car- lisle, the seat of Sir Frederick Graham, Bart., being entered and a large quantity of jewellery stolen from Lady Graham’s bed-room. A house maid found the bed-room door locked on the inside, and she gave the alarm, but the men es- caped by the window, to which they had gained access by a ladder. A mounted messenger gave information to the police at Longtown and Carlisle, and a party of policemen were at once sent out. On the road to Netherby they met four men whom they suspected. The men on being accosted presented revolvers and fired. One policeman named Johnstone was seriously wounded, and Sergeant Roche was also wounded. The burglars managed to escape observation till the night of the 29th, when they reached Plumpton Station and in- quired for a train south. The station-master suspected the men, and informed the village constable, who followed them along the road. A struggle took place, in which one of the gang shot the constable in the forehead and threw him over the hedge. The wounded man was picked up shortly afterwards, but died in a few hours. Three of the gang after- wards reached Penrith Station and concealed themselves in a waggon of a luggage train. The brakesman observed them, and on the train arriving at Tebay they were captured after a severe struggle. Two of the men were armed with revolvers. — Died at the Grange, New Jersey, aged 59, General MacClellan, a northern com- mander who gained the victories of Yorktown and Ontietam, but was afterwards superseded by General Burnside. OCTOBER NOVEMBER 1885 26 . — Died, aged 62, Rev. William Rich- Joness, F. S.A., Vicar of Bradford-on- Avon, a distinguished Archaeologist. 29 . — The Marquis of Hartington issues an address to the electors of the Rossendale Division of Lancashire. The principal points on which his Lordship dwelt were the relief of Parliament by a system of local self-govern- ment ; an inquiry into the cost of local govern- ment — which might entail an important modifi- cation of the incidence of taxation ; an inquiry into the operation of the Education Act of 1870, with a view to the greater efficiency of the system and the relief of the working classes ; control of the liquor traffic by a transfer of licensing authority to the repre- sentation of the ratepayers ; land tenure, the reform of which may require in Scotland, as it has required in Ireland, exceptional measures, but for which in England the removal of anti- quated restrictions may provide a sufficient remedy ; Irish affairs, in regard to which, while resolved to maintain the Union, he was prepared to support an extension of self- governing powers ; the foreign policy of the late Government, which he justified ; and, lastly, reform of Parliamentary procedure, which, so far from restricting, may be made to increase the real freedom and value of debate. — Mr. Forster, warned by his medical advisers of the risk he would run by taking any personal part in his re-election issues an address gratefully recognizing the generosity of the Liberal Association and the willingness of his friends to work for him during his absence. He was prepared to support the four main points in Mr. Gladstone’s manifesto — reform of the procedure of the House of Commons, reform of the land laws, the establishment of a system of good local government in the shape of rural municipalities, and the com- bination of these and town councils into county councils, so as to relieve Parliament of local business. None of those measures, he thought, could be safely left to a Conservative Administration. The compulsory purchase of land and free education he said should be inquired into before being adopted by Parlia- ment. — Attempt made to assassinate M. deFrey- cinet, the French Foreign Minister. As M. de Freycinet was returning home from a Cabinet Council, a respectably dressed man approached his carriage and fired a shot at him from a revolver. The bullet missed its aim, and the Minister’s assailant was at once arrested. — By the opening to-day of the Lake Superior section of the Canadian Pacific Railway through trains are now running from Montreal to the summit of the Rocky Moun- tains. 29 . — Died at South Brent, aged 76, Admiral Sir Augustus William Kuper, G.C.B. ; served with great distinction in China, and received decorations from the French and Dutch Go- vernments for his services in conjunction with them. — Died, aged 92, CSir Hobart Hampden, Earl of Buckinghamshire, father of Hobart Pasha, his successor in the Earldom. — The death announced at Madrid of Admiral Topete, who in conjunction with Marshal Prim and Marshal Serrano led the Revolution of 1863. 31 . — Died at Baronscourt, Tyrone, aged 74, the Rt. Hon. James Hamilton, K.G., first Duke of Abercorn, and twice Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. November 2. — In the High Court of Justiciary, William Drever, master, and William Tyre, mate of the steamer Albicore, were charged with culpable homicide in con- nection with the collision which occurred in the Sound of Mull on the 22nd August last, and which resulted in the sinking of the yacht Kalafish and the loss of five lives. On the application of counsel, Lord Young, who pre- sided, agreed to separate the trials, and the case of Drever was proceeded with. After hearing the evidence the jury returned a unanimous verdict of not guilty, and the accused was dismissed from the bar. The Lord- Advocate then withdrew the case against the mate. — Died, aged 67, Robert Thorburn, A.R.A., miniature painter. 3 . — The statue of Major Andre, erected in New York by Mr. Cyrus Field, destroyed by a charge of dynamite, exploded by clockwork machinery. A . — Addressing the South London Con- servative Association Lord Salisbury repudiated the motion in circulation that he had made any concession to the opponents of Free Trade. He objected, however, to many of the doc- trines now considered to belong to Free Trade, but which had nothing to do with it, and he saw no reason why we should not alter tariffs in certain cases, in order to bring countries to trade equitably, especially when the general food supply was not concerned. The great difference between the Conservatives and the Radicals with respect to their views on trade was that while the latter urged the working classes to clamour for a fresh division of the wealth already accumulated, the former pointed them to new enterprizes and yet un- opened markets. He had been charged with having forced forward the question of dis- establishment, and that merely to serve the purposes of party. He denied the imputation, and demonstrated how clearly — whatever might 1493 NOVEMBER 1885 NOVEMBER be the declared intentions of the leaders — the intentions of the mass of the Liberal party were bent on disestablishment. Mr. Gladstone spoke of the question as one which lay in the dim distance, but Mr. Gladstone had used similar language respecting the Irish Church, and within three years had brought forward the resolutions which had disestablished it. Churchmen might be deceived once, but they would not be deceived a second time by such language. Many signs indicated that the critical time had come, and in the presence of such an issue they could not think of mere party interests. 4 . — Publication of an address presented to Mr. Gladstone in favour of disestablishment, and signed by 1,475 ministers of religion in Scotland. The list of signatories includes ministers of the Baptist, Congregational, Evangelical Union, Free Church, Original Seceder, Primitive Methodist, United Presby- terian, and Wesleyan Methodist communions. It is stated in a note to the address that a very considerable number of ministers have on various grounds refrained from taking part in the memorial. Mr. Gladstone, in a letter to Principal Cairns, acknowlegded the “ im- portant memorial,” but owing to continued pressure was only able to give the assurance that the question continued to have his best attention. An analysis of the denominations of the 1,475 signatories showed that 787 be- longed to the Free and 513 to the United Presbyterian Church. Of the remaining 175, there were 60 Congregationalists, 52 Baptists, 49 members of the Evangelical Union, 7 Primitive Methodists, 6 Wesleyan Metho- dists, and I Original Seceder. — Died at Ewell, Surrey, aged 81, the Rev. Sir George Lewen Glyn, Bart., who held the living of Ewell for fifty years (1831-81), when he resigned. 6. — On the train from Naples to Benevento reaching the latter city it was found that the baggage waggon had been entered, the guard murdered, and gold to the value of 12,000 lire carried off, 3 . — The jury in the Armstrong abduction case find Stead and Jarrett guilty of taking Eliza Armstrong out of the possession of her father against his will, and declared that the mother did not consent to the child being used for immoral purposes. Booth and Jacques they found not guilty. The jury added a rider to their verdict to the effect that they believed Stead had been guided by the purest motives, and that he had been misled by Jarrett. The Judge intimated that the de- fendants, along with Madame Mourez, were to be tried under another indictment for in- decent assault, and that he would postpone passing sentence on Stead and Jarrett until the result of the second trial was known. At the close of this second trial, on the 10th, the 1494 jury returned a verdict of guilty against Stead, Jarrett, and Jacques, whom they recommended to merciful consideration, and Madame Mourez, whom they excluded from their recommenda- tion. Addressing Stead, Mr. Justice Lopes said that while he was prepared to give credit for good motives, the result was that the ex- periment instead of proving what it was in- tended to prove, had absolutely and entirely failed, and the jury have affirmed that Eliza Armstrong was not obtained for any immoral purpose at all. “You thought fit to publish a distorted account of the case of Eliza Arm- strong, and you deluged some months ago our streets and the whole country with accounts so filthy that I fear they have tainted the minds of children you were so anxious to protect, and have been, and I don’t hesitate to say will ever be, a disgrace to journalism.” At the close of his severe animadversion Stead was sentenced to three months, Jarrett to six months, and Jacques to one month without hard labour. The most abandoned of the company, Louise Mourez, was sentenced to imprisonment for six calendar months with hard labour. 9 . — The Inventions Exhibition closed to- night with a dinner given to the employes by the executive. The grounds were also speci- ally decorated in honour of the Prince of Wales’s birthday. The total number of visitors had been 3,760,581. This made a daily aver- age of 23,071, or about ten per cent, lower than the average attendance at the Healtheries. — Speaking at the Lord Mayor’s Guildhall Banquet, Lord Salisbury said that little had happened to disturb the desire for peace which he had some time ago observed to be over- spreading the world, and to which as a com- mercial nation we were so deeply attached. Our difficulties with respect to the Afghan frontier had passed away, and Russia was heartily co-operating in the demarcation of the boundaries of the two empires. The expedi- tion against Burmah would, it was hoped, be beneficial to commerce and the happiness of mankind. The state of affairs in Egypt was much more satisfactory, and order and security were being established. The changes in the Balkan Peninsula did not affect us so closely as some former movements. The Berlin Treaty had effectually done its work, and he repudiated the charge of inconsistency, because now, in totally changed circumstances, he did not main- tain it. Referring to the agitation against the Church, Lord Salisbury pointed out that the Establishment had ever been, and still was, a source of national unity, and that the unity of the nation was the talisman which enabled Great Britain to maintain the imperial position she occupied in the eyes of the world. — Mr. Gladstone leaves Ilawarden with various members of his family to enter on his Midlothian campaign, travelling by way of Chester, Warrington, Wigan, Preston, and NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 1885 Carlisle. At all these stations large and enthu- siastic crowds were in attendance, and at all of them addresses of welcome and congratulation were presented from Liberal and other associa- tions. Mr. Gladstone replied briefly to most of the addresses. At Chester he said he was going to Midlothian if! order to preach and teach the unity of the party, so as to secure what they thought was the best guarantee for the safety and prosperity of the country — namely, that the character of the next Parlia- ment should be in the same direction as the last, which was a good Parliament, and did good work under difficult circumstances. At Warrington Mr. Gladstone expressed his belief that the sentiment of the nation was the same now as in 1880. At Wigan he declared that the claim of the Tories to have jointly passed the franchise was baseless and most daring. At Preston he warned the people not to be befooled by the advocates of fair trade to return to an exploded superstition ; whilst at Carlisle, he said he recognized the fact that the people had committed to his charge the leadership of the Liberal party at the present time, and the important duties of a leader were to ascertain the general views of the party and to see that no undue predominance should exist in any section of the party over any other. Imme- diately on arriving at Edinburgh, where his re- ception was most cordial, Mr. Gladstone drove to the Albert Hall, and received an address from the Midlothian Liberal Association. 10. — Died, Dr. William Benjamin Car- penter, C.B., an eminent physiologist, and formerly Registrar of London University. 11 . — Mr. Gladstone addresses his first meet- ing of the electors of Midlothian in the Free Assembly Hall, Edinburgh. The building was crowded a couple of hours before the advertised time, and Mr. Gladstone was en- thusiastically received. The right hon. gen- tleman said the important political questions relating to Ireland, which in all probability would arise at the very opening of the new Parliament, could not be adequately dealt with unless the majority returned at the coming election were so powerful as to be in a posi- tion to act independently of the Irish vote. The Liberal party alone could have such a majority. The right hon. gentleman proceeded to notice a number of “ worthless, baseless, wanton, and culpable untruths ” which had been spread abroad concerning him by Tory speakers, and condemned such a method of warfare, which, he was glad to believe, had never been resorted to by the Liberals. Ad- verting to the question of disestablishment, he said he had considered the statements he had made in his address in the light of a post- humous bequest, written under the conviction — a conviction he still retained — that he would never be called on to take part in a practical controversy on the subject, and intended to promote kindly feeling, so that when in a time, more or less remote, the controversy did arise it might be approached in an equable temper. The disestablishment of the Irish Church — with respect to which he had been charged with a sudden transition of opinion — stood on a very different ground. The Irish Church was a mockery which it was impossible to defend in face of the force of public opinion. On the contrary, the Church in England was doing a great work, and had a deep hold on many hearts and minds. The people of Eng- land had not adopted a conviction favourable to disestablishment, and until they had done so it was idle for Liberal Churchmen to enter- tain apprehensions, or for Tories to insinuate misgivings in order to catch a few Liberal votes. What applied to England applied to Scotland. The question must be left to the people of Scotland, but to make it a test ques- tion at the coming election would be to prevent an impartial, dispassionate, and clear judgment being arrived at. It was a very serious respon- sibility to take political questions out of their proper order. If the new Parliament succeeded in dealing with local government, reform of the land laws and Parliamentary procedure, the completion of the Reform Bill, and the settle- ment of the internal relations of Ireland, it would deserve a most important place in history. Replying in advance to two questions of which he had received notice, Mr. Gladstone said he would not consider Dr. Cameron’s resolution as showing the opinion of the people of Scotland — it would require a long series of such resolutions to justify Parliament in so re- garding it — and he was unable to vote for an abstract resolution of the kind. 11. — A large obelisk, erected in memory of the late Colonel Burnaby, unveiled in St. Philip’s Churchyard, Birmingham, by Lord Charles Beresford. — At Carlisle the three men charged with burglary at Netherby Hall, and with having subsequently murdered one police officer and injured three others, were again brought before the magistrates. The evidence given showed that on the day of the robbery the prisoners took three portmanteaus containing burglars’ implements to Gretna railway station, and requested them to be forwarded to Carlisle. It was also proved that Rudge was one of three men who had made inquiries respecting Netherby and its occupants, and that he, Baker, and another formed the party who wounded Inspector Roche and Constable Johnstone. Nearer Carlisle they were stopped by three persons, of whom one was Police- sergeant Handley. Handley identified all the prisoners, and stated that two of them drew revolvers and threatened to fire, but did not do so. After this they made off in the direction of Carlisle. 12. — Speaking at Birmingham Lord Ran- dolph Churchill criticized Mr. Gladstone’s speech at Edinburgh. It was, he said, a curious 1495 NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 1885 position for the Liberal leader to take up — that, seeing the Irish people had now for the first time obtained the means of speaking clearly, the people of England and Scotland should give him an overwhelming majority in order that he might silence the Irish voice. In the course of a lengthy review of Mr. Gladstone’s attitude towards the Church, he declared that the right hon. gentleman had condemned disestablish- ment on the solitary ground that as a political manoeuvre it was defective, and would lose more votes than it would gain. Mr. Gladstone had treated the question, not from the stand- point of a great and experienced statesman, but from the debased and degraded level of a common election agent. Mr. Gladstone re- garded the statement in his manifesto as a “ posthumous bequest ; ” in other words, being unable to injure the Church while alive, he hoped to destroy her when in his grave. 12 . — The Executive of the Scottish National Disestablishment Association declares that Mr. Gladstone in his Edinburgh speech left no channel by which, for the present, Scottish opinion on this subject can obtain a hearing, and his utterances create a crisis in the advanc- ing history of the question. It was now urged that Mr. Gladstone’s “refusal to lead” cannot relieve the foes to the Establishment from the obligation to do justice to their own convictions, but rather renders it necessary for them to press forward the question in the field of general politics and opinion. Electors were exhorted to give increased support to dis- establishment candidates, and to regard none as such who are not prepared to advocate dis- establishment in Parliament, and vote for it there. The document concluded by empha- sizing the enhanced importance of Dr. Cam- eron’s resolution, which was no longer the mere occasion on which Government inter- vention might have been expected, but fur- nished henceforth the main opportunity for concentrating attention on the question. * — King Thebaw reported to have declared war against Great Britain. In his proclamation the King states that the English have made ridiculous proposals, which the Burmese Government cannot accept. He calls on all his loyal subjects to fight in defence of their country and their religion, and assures them that as he is to lead his troops the result must be victory. No Englishmen or other Euro- peans are to be molested for the present. “Only,” says the proclamation, “after the frontier is crossed by the invading army will the slaying of them be allowed. ” — In accordance with a resolution come to at a meeting in Exeter Hall, London, a deputation proceed to the Home Office with the object of presenting a petition praying Her Majesty to exercise her prerogative for the par; don and release of Mr. Stead, Mrs. Jarrett, and Jacques. The object of the deputation was being explained to an official when the Per- 1496 manent Under- Secretary entered and informed the deputation that they could not be heard, as they were appearing on behalf of criminals. After some altercation the deputation left, one of the members informing the crowd outside that they had been treated with indignity. 12 . — Destructive fire in the premises occu- pied by Messrs. Louis Behrens & Sons, shipping merchants, at the corner of Portland Street and Princess Street, Manchester. The flames spread with great rapidity, and several other warehouses were completely destroyed. The damage was set down as ranging from ^100,000 to ^150,000. — Great fire in Galveston, Texas. The firemen had to contend against a strong wind, and their efforts were almost unavailing. At the departure of one telegram sixty blocks of buildings had been burned out, and the damage estimated at four million dollars. — Died, aged 73, Thomas Heron Jones, K.C.B., seventh and last Viscount Ranelagh, one of the originators of the Volunteer move- ment. — Died at Weybridge, aged 74, the Hon. P. J. Lock King, younger brother of the Earl of Lovelace, and M.P. for East Surrey from 1847 to 1874. For many years he brought forward an annual resolution in the House of Commons in favour of the extension of the suffrage. 13 . — Lord Rosebery entertained by the Scottish Liberal Club to a banquet in the Edinburgh Music Hall, in recognition of his services to Scotland and to the Liberal party. The company included Lord Stair (who pre- sided), Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Goschen, and the most influential Liberals of Scotland. — The Duke of Argyll presented with the freedom of the royal burgh of Dundee. — Renewed outrages in Kerry County, the most -prominent victims on this occasion being the Curtin family. Late to-night a body of men, armed and disguised, forced an en- trance into the dwelling of a gentleman farmer named Curtin at a place called Molahiffe, with the object of demanding arms. Mr. Curtin was up stairs at the time, and the leader of the gang, with two others, entered the parlour, where Curtin’s two sons were, and, presenting a loaded gun, demanded that the arms in the house should be given up. A scuffle ensued, during which Mr. Curtin came down stairs, gun in hand, and, seeing the moonlighters in the hall, fired and shot one dead. The others immediately fired a volley, and Mr. Curtin fell mortally wounded. Meanwhile the son had succeeded in disarming the ringleader, but let him off on being told his name. Nine of the gang were arrested next day, and conveyed to Tralee jail. 14 . — Advices from Rangoon report the first success of the British arms, one of King NOVEMBER 1885 NOVEMBER Thebaw’s war vessels being captured after a sharp encounter by two armed launches from H.M. ship Turquoise. A British proclamation had been issued to the Burmese people de- claring the dethronement of King Thebaw. The Burmese were assured that they will be unmolested in the enjoyment of all their pri- vileges, religious, social, and commercial. All native officers, whether civil or military, will be retained provisionally, so long as they con- tinue to discharge their duties faithfully. General Prendergast had reached Thayetmyo, and was to advance immediately on M andalay. 14 . — Servia declares war against Bulgaria, and the latter Principality followed this up by a proclamation accepting the challenge. Each laid on the other the responsibility for the out- break of hostilities. King Milan, in his official statement on the subject, said that war has been caused “inconsequence of the un- justifiable attack by Bulgarian troops upon the Servians, and their invasion of Servian terri- tory.” Prince Alexander, on his part, denied that the Bulgarians have given any cause for complaint to the Servians, and maintained that the latter are alone to blame for what has occurred. — Opening of the Indian village at the Albert Palace. 1 6. — Another engagement inUpper Burmah, British troops carrying a position which the Burmese had fortified at Sim-Bourg-We, on the left bank of the Irrawaddy. While the fort was shelled from the river, General Pren- dergast landed a force to turn the position, but the Burmese abandoned their guns soon after the gunboat opened fire, and the troops entered without opposition and without a single casu- alty. A second engagement next day at Minhla, on the right bank of the Irrawaddy, proved a more serious conflict. The fighting lasted three hours, and the fortress had to be carried by assault. Our casualties consisted of one officer and three men killed, and four officers and twenty-four men wounded. — Louis Riel, the leader of the insurrec- tion in Manitoba, hanged at Regina. On the news of his execution reaching Montreal, Quebec, and Ottawa, there were noisy de- monstrations and processions of the French Canadians, and rioting. 17 . — Speaking at West Calder, Mr. Glad- stone said his chief purpose in coming to Scotland was to insist on the obligation on all sections of the party of preserving a close and hearty union. One special reason for union was the prospect of dealing with the question of Ireland, with respect to which Mr. Parnell had asked him to lay some plan before the country. He could not comply with Mr. Parnell’s wish. The desires of Ireland could not be constitutionally expressed until after the election, and a proposal could be made effectu- ally only by the Government of the country. Turning to the question of disestablishment, he declared that nothing would have been easier than to court popular favour with a long programme of reforms, but he had confined himself to those which appeared to the best heads in the party to have the strongest claim on public attention. A complete severance between the question of disestablishment in Scotland and the question of disestablishment I in England was of the utmost value, but if the Church had been made the test question in Scotland the same would have been done in England, and as the result the Scotch ques- tion would have been governed by the balance of English opinion. 18. — Tenth Parliament of Her Majesty dissolved by Royal Proclamation, and new writs issued from the Crown Office, return- able 1 2th January. A Proclamation was also issued ordering the election of sixteen Repre- sentative Peers from Scotland. — The Duke of Richmond and Gordon (the first Secretary of State for Scotland under the new creation) takes the oaths of office in the Court of Session as Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. The Lord Justice-General administered the oath, and the Lord- Advocate presented the Great Seal. In the afternoon his Lordship, the Secretary, received two deputations, one from the Solicitors to the Signet Court, and the other from the Edin- burgh Trades’ Council. — A passenger train on the main line of the London and South-Western Railway runs off the rails about ten miles from Plymouth. The engine and tender rolled over a steep embankment, but as the couplings broke the carriages remained on the permanent way. The engine-driver and stoker were killed, while the passengers escaped with a severe shaking. — To-day’s telegrams from the battlefields of Bulgaria present an altered complexion. Although the Servians still continue victorious in the north, their forces operating in the south are reported to have met with a severe defeat. Fighting under the personal command of Prince Alexander, the Slivnitza division of the Bulgarian army attacked and carried the Servian positions in that neighbourhood. Another such defeat, according to the accounts received from Sofia, will force the Servians to retire from the Dragoman Pass. The Servian official telegrams are silent on this point, but they contain details of further successes in the direction of Widdin, including the capture of Bresnik. “ The Bulgarian army of Widdin,” they add, “ may be considered as completely destroyed and dispersed.” 19. — Lieutenant Greely delivers the first address given since his return from the Arctic Expedition at the opening meeting of the Scottish Geographical Society in Edinburgh last night. The Earl of Rosebery presided. 1497 NOVEMBER 1885 NOVEMBER Lieutenant Greely gave an interesting account of his adventures and discoveries. 20 . — Died, aged 77, Sir William Rose, K. C.B., Clerk of Parliament. 21 . — In his third Midlothian address at Dalkeith, Mr. Gladstone limited himself almost exclusively to discussing the relations of land- lords and tenants, claiming credit to his party for having already given to the latter security of tenure, the benefit of unexhausted improve- ments, and protection from ground game losses, but admitted that the urgent Crofter question still awaited settlement, as did the abolition of primogeniture and the law of entail. He also advocated the creation of a new yeoman element throughout the country. 23 . — The real work of election, to which all the turmoil of oratory had been leading up for many weeks past, began to-day, when the first nominations took place. As an excep- tionally large number of seats were contested, the unopposed returns on the first day were very few — only four, as compared with sixteen in 1880. Of these sixteen ten were Liberals and six Conservatives ; the four who form the nucleus of the new House of Commons were all Liberals, among them being the venerable Mr. C. P. Villiers, who has sat for Wolverhampton since 1835, an d now represents the Southern Division of that borough. To- day’s nominations included 190 constituencies and 349 candidates, of whom 186 were Liberals, 162 Conservatives, and one Nationalist. In Scotland, 27 candidates were nominated for eleven seats. — The last word previous to polling for the new Parliament falls to the Marquis of Salis- bury, who spoke to-night on the political situation at a home dinner of St. Stephen’s Club, Westminster. The noble Lord pro- tested against any hopelessness as to the Conservative party gaining a majority at the elections, and referred to the difficulty appar- ently experienced by Mr. Gladstone and other Opposition leaders in reconciling Liberal diff- erences, especially on the question of disesta- blishment. The efforts of Mr. Chamberlain’s colleagues had been to push back the questions which Mr. Chamberlain had tried to push forward. The whole energy of the Opposition leaders had been devoted to impressing the supreme importance of Liberal unity and to elevating party above every other object. But if so-called Liberals were not agreed they were not a party, and exhortations to unite them were exhortations to hypocrisy. Indeed unity so produced between elements divided on prin- ciples was a hollow fiction. The Conservatives did not need any ingenious devices to secure artificial unity. The confederacy opposed to them was no real combination of honest opinion, but included men of entirely different motives and opinions. Mr. Chamberlain was genuine, and the Conservative party was genuine, but anything between the two was hollow. 1498 23 . — At noon to-day, Mr. Gladstone form- ally hands over to the Corporation of Edin- burgh the newly-restored Market Cross in the High Street. The former Cross was demolished in 1756) and Mr. Gladstone made the restora- tion at his own expense. The Queen’s pro- clamation dissolving Parliament was then made from the new Cross by heralds and pursuivants, according to ancient custom. The company afterwards proceeded to the Council Chamber, where the Lord Provost and Magistrates pre- sented Mr. Gladstone with an illuminated address of welcome and thanks. Mr. Glad- stone, in acknowledgment, said he had long desired to give some visible and tangible record of the renewal of his connection with Scot- land, a record which might at the same time be agreeable to all, and wholly detached from the narrower associations of political party. The demolition of the ancient Cross might have been prompted by an erroneous idea of what constituted patriotism and what was necessary to prevent a recurrence of Jacobite disturbances ; but it was a proceeding un- doubtedly tinged with barbarism, and in re- storing the Cross he felt that he had been instrumental in fostering the truly Scottish love for ancient recollections, and in repairing a serious breach in Scotland’s historical tra- ditions. — A woman and three children burned to death at Cheltenham in their house, which took fire early in the morning while the inmates were in bed. — Loss reported of the City of Manchester , one of the fleet of city liners owned by Messrs. George Smith and Sons, Glasgow, having sunk near Ushant. Crew and passengers saved. — The Netherby burglars committed by the Carlisle bench of magistrates for trial at the next assizes. — The Servians reported to have cap- tured the Bulgarian fortress of Widdin, and set the town in flames. 24 -. — Mr. Gladstone delivered a fourth address to the Midlothian electors in the Edinburgh Music Hall this afternoon. The right honourable gentleman referred at the outset in terms of the strongest disapprobation to the conflict of Liberal candidates among themselves. That this should take place filled him with regret and even with shame ; it was a “great public evil,” and “a disgrace to Liberalism;” and its results were “great discredit and dishonour,” and the possible loss of seats. Passing to Lord Salisbury’s letter on disestablishment, he contended that there were gross inaccuracies both in its figures and state- ments. For instance, he was represented as having said that disestablishment was not ripe ; whereas what he really said was that it was not ripe for Parliamentary discussion with the view to any practical issue, which he considered NOVEMBER lS 85 NOVEMBER a totally different matter. All the anxiety of the Tories about the Church of England was a mere blind, and simply measured the appre- hension with which they anticipated the pro- ceedings of the Liberal party upon the four great questions of Parliamentary reform, local government, registration, and reform of the land laws. False promises, and false expecta- tions, indeed, had been the main stock-in-trade of the Tory party for the past thirty years. The right honourable gentleman then went on to consider at length Mr. Parnell’s manifesto, which formed the key to the sanguine tone of Lord Salisbury’s last speech. When Mr. Parnell said that every Irishman in voting for the Liberals was doing his best to deliver his countrymen to imprisonment and death, he used words of the utmost rashness, which multitudes would interpret as an apology for assassination, for he was convinced Mr. Parnell alluded to the activity of Lord Spencer in bringing the Phoenix Park murderers to justice. Mr. Parnell, further, was advising them to leave the Liberals, who, if their conduct towards Ireland was not free from reproach, had at least initiated whatever reforms had been granted, and to join the Tories, who had ever offered unflinching and even desperate opposition to all such reform. 24 .— Count Hatzfeldt, the new German Ambassador, presented to the Queen. — Addressing a meeting of workmen electors at Coburg Dock, Liverpool, Mr. Parnell, while contending that the Irish party according to its population should return three out of the nine members allocated to that city, said the Irish people did not desire to inter- fere or to control the great Imperial questions of the interests of the empire at large, but they did insist that they should have the sole and exclusive management of and control over their own business in Ireland, which concerned them alone. Was that a fair demand, or was it not ? Recollect they had cheerfully con- ceded to all their large English colonies the claim already. They had conceded to Canada the right to manage her own affairs, free from the interference of the English Parliament. They had conceded, to Canada the right to raise her own revenue as she pleased. They did not demand as much power as Canada possessed, because Canada had the right of raising an armed force for the protection of the country. But Irishmen would leave to the Imperial authority the duty and the right of raising and controlling the. armed forces of the country. 25 — The Queen presents medals to non- commissioned officers for gallantry in the Soudan. — Died, aged 66, Thomas. Andrews Hendricks, Vice-President of the United States. 1499 26 . — Up to a late hour this morning the reports to hand of yesterday’s polling showed that 18 Liberals, 18 Conservatives, and one Nationalist had been returned. This brings the total up to date: — Liberals, 117; Con- servatives, 1 19; Nationalists, 10. In the Metropolitan constituencies the Conservatives secured 11 seats and the Liberals 7 - So far as at present accounted for the Metropolitan boroughs had returned in all 28 Conserva- tives and 17 Liberals. At Paddington, Lord Randolph Churchill was elected without being called upon for any formal address or for attendance at any meetings of the electors, or personal solicitation in any form. Among prominent Liberals who failed were Lord Lome, rejected by Hampstead, and Jacob Bright, rejected by South-West Manchester. — Mr. Francis Turner Palgrave elected Professor of Poetry at Oxford, in succession to the late Principal Shairp. — Alarming accident on the Highland Railway. A mixed train of eighteen vehicles leaving Golspie at half-past four in the morning, when nearing Mound Station one of the leading waggons left the rails, and with fourteen other vehicles went over an embankment into the sea. The passengers were stunned by the concussion, and the water at this point being between two and three feet deep, all of them suffered from immersion. No fives were lost. — The Bulgarians repulsed in their attack on the Servian position at Pirot. — Died at Belfast, aged 71, Thomas Andrews, LL.D., F R.S., for many years Vice-President of Queen’s College, Belfast, and Professor of Chemistry. — The war in Upper Burmah closed by the surrender of King Thebaw. When the British expeditionary forcereached Ava to-day, about thirty miles below Mandhlay, General Prendergast was met by an Envoy from King Thebaw, begging for an armistice and for terms of peace. The General replied that the only terms he could offer were the surrender of the King, of his army, and of Mandalay. On the following day the Envoy returned with orders from King Thebaw to accede to all the demands. The forts at Ava at once sur- rendered, and the Burmese troops laid down their arms. 27 . — The chief interest in the election to- day centred in Midlothian. As was expected, Mr. Gladstone beat Mr. Dalrymple easily, but probably the most sanguine was scarcely pre- pared for such an enormous majority. The numbers were : Mr. Gladstone, 7,879 ; Mr. Dalrymple, 3,245. In April, 1880, when the right hon. gentleman had for his opponent the Earl of Dalkeith, the return was : Gladstone, 1,579 ; Dalkeith, 1,368 — a majority of only 21 1. The polling in the Rossendale Division of Lancashire took place yesterday, and the L L * NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 1885 Marquis of Ilartington received a vote almost as inspiriting as that of his chief. The num- bers were : Lord Hartington, 6,060 ; Mr. Ecroyd, 4, 228. Glasgow voted entirely Liberal, but in those cases where there was a choice of Liberals the moderate man carried the day. 27 . — Mr. Goschen, the new member for the Eastern Division of Edinburgh, met his com- mittee to-night, and in returning thanks for their efforts on his behalf, remarked that it had been said he had been returned by the aid of the Tory party. No doubt if he had been returned by a majority of a hundred or two some colour might have been given to that assertion, but really his majority nearly ex- ceeded all the Conservatives of Edinburgh. He denied that in the views he had expressed there had been any retrograde tendency. It was a progressive tendency — progress with prudence. As to the reaction which was said to be in progress in England, it was not wise in people to speak of it as a reaction. There were some places where the Conservatives had gained, but a great number of the gains were by extremely small majorities, and Conservative successes there had been where extreme men had been put forward. In this connection he did not think it was wise in his opponent, Mr. Costelloe, to state that the contest was not so much a contest between them as between Mr. Chamberlain and himself. — A brilliant meteoric display, announced beforehand by astronomers, visible in most parts of Europe. It reached its greatest intensity between 6 p.m. and 8 P.M., when upwards of 600 meteors, some of considerable size and of different colours, were observed. — ■ At a meeting of St. Andrews University Council to-day it was resolved, by a majority of 13 to 5, to petition the Secretary for Scot- land to prevent any steps being taken to fill up the Principalship rendered vacant by the death of Principal Shairp of the United College. — Died at Richmond, aged 76, Sir Ralph Gosset, K.C.B., for ten years Sergeant-at-arms in the House of Commons. — Died at Milan, aged 84, Count Andrea Maffei, senator of the kingdom of Italy, well known through his admirable translations of Shakespeare, Byron, Goethe, Schiller, &c. 28 . — The Prince of Wales opened the Bir- mingham Corporation Museum and Fine Art Gallery, of which the first stone had been laid in 1881 by Mr. Richard Chamberlain. The buildings, erected from designs by Mr. Yeovil Thomason, cost over /8o,ooo, collected by public subscription, of which a large portion was obtained through the energy and by the aid of Messrs. Tangye. — In acknowledging an address from the Rosebery Club, made up largely of Edinburgh students, Mr. Gladstone alluded to the system 1500 of university representation, which he said had been in the main a contrivance for introducing into the House of Commons a body of gentle- men representing principles totally opposed to those professed by the country at large, and the continued existence of which he considered problematical. After addressing another meet- ing in the Corn Exchange, in which he spoke hopefully about the election, Mr. Gladstone left Edinburgh for Hawarden by the evening mail train. 28 . — The newly-appointed Turkish Ambas- sador Rustem Pasha, arrives in London, and has a conference with his predecessor, Musurus Pasha. — The Servian fortress of Pirot captured by the Bulgarians after two days’ hard fighting. — Died, at Stover Park, Torquay, aged 81, Sir Edward Adolphus St. Maur, twelfth Duke of Somerset, K.G. , formerly M.P. for Totnes, and First Lord of the Admiralty 1859-66. 29 . — King Thebaw surrenders himself a prisoner to General Prendergast at Mandalay. Along with the Queen and some seventy members of his Court, the King was at once conveyed on board a steamer, which set sail for Rangoon. All this was carried out with- out the display of any ill-feeling on the part of the Burmans, who seemed perfectly uncon- cerned at the removal of their King. They show no ill-feeling to the British ; but as they threatened to plunder one another, a large body of our troops were landed to preserve order. — Died at Paddington, Miss Helen Prideaux, one of the most distinguished of medical women ; she graduated at the London University, carrying off the gold medal and other honours. 30 . — A German barque — the Fidele , of Egremond — run into near Dungeness to-night by a steamer which proceeded on her way without making any attempt at rescue. The Fidele did not sink, but during the night seven of her crew were washed off the wreck by a heavy sea. Next day the survivors were picked up by the steamer City of Rotterdam and conveyed to Belfast. — Hostilities cease between Servia and Bulgaria. — Acknowledging a complimentary address from the Irish citizens of St. Louis, U.S. , Mr. Gladstone points out that, in striking con- trast with their acknowledgment of his services, Mr. Parnell had described the Liberals as the party who have consigned the citizens of Ireland to chains, imprisonment, and death, and the result has been the loss of twenty or thirty seats. In answer to the vituperation of the hour he had only to say that the chief NOVEMBER DECEMBER 1885 motive which has kept him from a long-coveted repose has been the hope that he might render Ireland some further service. 30 . — Robert Goodale executed within Nor- wich Gaol for the murder of his wife. As the clock struck, the bolt of the scaffold was with- drawn, and the culprit disappeared ; but, to the horror of those present, the rope immediately recoiled, the head having become completely separated from the body by the drop, which was the usual one of six feet. December 1 . — Latest advices from Burmah report the entrance of the British forces into Mandalay. The natives offered no resistance, and all the European residents were found to be safe. By command of the Queen the Secretary of State telegraphed to the Viceroy of India conveying Her Majesty’s congratula- tions at the result of the military operations in the Irrawaddy Valley, so brilliantly carried out by General Prendergast. In reply, the Viceroy, after acknowledging Her Majesty’s expressions of approval, said General Prender- gast deserves the utmost credit for the skill, humanity, and decisive promptitude with which he has conducted the whole business. He went on to express satisfaction that the objects of the expedition have been obtained without engendering any hostile feeling be- tween the British and the people of Upper Burmah, and concluded by stating that instruc- tions had been given for the provisional ad- ministration of the conquered country in Her Majesty’s name. — The Marquis of Hartington, speaking at Ulverston, said there was, judging from the results of elections, too great a probability that a preponderating power, if not an absolute control, of the new Parliament was going to be conferred on Mr. Parnell and his party. The Irish representatives in the new Parlia- ment would not truly represent the Irish people ; they would merely be the nominees of Mr. Parnell, who exercised in Ireland a more grinding and wide-spread despotism than had ever existed there -in the worst days of the Land League. But he believed the Liberals, even should they be in a minority, would have an important part to play without being under the necessity of courting the support of Mr. Parnell or any other enemy of the British Empire. — In a Proclamation issued to-day, the Emperor of Russia states that although deeply afflicted by the conflict in Eastern Europe, the Emperor considers the conduct of the Rou- melian troops w r orthy of high praise, thanks Prince Alexander, and assures of his favour all Russian officers who have served either in Bulgaria or Roumelia. — Damage estimated at .£3,500 to pro- perty and £5,000 to stock was caused this morning by a fire which broke out in the stables L L 2 and car sheds of the Glasgow Tramway and Omnibus Company, David Street, Crownpoint. The fire began in the lamp-room ; forty cars, 100 tons of fodder, and six horses destroyed. 1. — Died, aged 88, General Sir H. R. Fer- guson Davie, M.P. for Haddington Burghs for over thirty years, 1847-78. 2 . — The ceremony of handing over the fortress of Gwalior to the Maharajah Scindia was carried out to-day by Lord Dufferin at a grand Durbar held in the palace, Gwalior. The Viceroy expressed a hope that the act would be regarded throughout India, not merely as a personal favour bestowed upon an individual chief, but as an indication that the Queen and the British nation have not failed to appreciate the universal loyalty displayed by the Princes of the native States and the people of India. In reply, the Maharajah stated that in the restoration to him of the fortress of his ancestors the deepest wish of his heart had been gratified. — Terrific storm at Colon (Isthmus of Panama), causing great damage to the shipping and the docks. Out of twenty-nine vessels in the harbour, fourteen had disappeared when the storm subsided ; the railway was sub- merged for a considerable distance. — Died at the Vicarage, Pinner, aged 72, Rev. W. H. Pinnock, D.C.L., a voluminous writer on ecclesiastical law, and editor of the popular “Pinnock’s Catechisms.” 3 . — In thanking the electors of Mid-Lothian for their support, Mr. Gladstone writes that the rural labourers and the working men have recognized their true friends, and the result has been the storming not only of the out- works but of the very citadels of Toryism. Nor did he believe the Tories would be able to hit upon any new expedient to arrest the spread of this contagion of liberty, progress, and justice. A junction with the Moderate Liberals was impossible, since Lord Salisbury himself declared everything between Toryism and Chamberlainism a sham ; nor would it suffice to raise the cry of a violent and destruc- tive Liberalism, for its baselessness was seen from the half-century of reform before the constituencies, culminating in the Franchise Bill. The true work of this election had been done neither by the Church, the nobles, nor the landlords ; but was pre-eminently the election of the people. — Announcement made that the agreement between Spain and Germany with regard to the Caroline Islands recognizes the sovereignty of Spain over the islands, while it gives to Germany a naval station and coal depot, and confers on her trading companies a legal standing, with freedom of trade and naviga- tion. 1501 DECEMBER 885 DECEMBER 3 . — Violent earthquake shocks in Algeria. In one village 32 were killed and 14 wounded. The residence of the French Administrator fell in, burying several Europeans in the ruins. 4 . — The polls declared up to this date show that the Liberals are just four short of the Conservatives and Nationalists combined, the totals being — Liberals, 283 ; Conservatives, 226 ; Nationalists, 6r. The seats filled to-day numbered 41, of which 22 are Liberal, 13 Conservative, and 6 Nationalist. Not a single seat fell to the Conservatives in Ireland. — Death announced of Colonel Trefusis, C.B., who commanded the Scots Guards during the recent operations at Suakim. Colonel Trefusis was the Conservative candi- date for one of the divisions of Devon, and the counting of the votes had just commenced this morning when the Under- Sheriff received news of his death. 5 . — Speaking at Matlock, Lord Hartington said that the present attitude of the Conserva- tives towards the Parnellites was unworthy the confidence of the nation. Whether they had sought Mr. Parnell’s aid or not, they had cer- tainly accepted it in silence. When it was open to them to say that the support tendered by the Parnellites was given upon erroneous conclusions and erroneous suppositions they had not said a word. Comparing the policies of the two parties, he said Lord Salisbury had dropped his Newport pro- gramme, and had marched to the present con- flict with nothing but the old and well-worn ensign of “the Church in danger.” On the other hand, the policy of Mr. Gladstone, which the Liberals had accepted as a sufficient and adequate policy, contained proposals necessary for the welfare and prosperity of the country. Lord Hartington denied evading the question of Disestablishment, when he said it was not ripe for solution ; had he gone farther, he said, and declared once and for all either for or against the Church, he would have raised the question as one for present settle- ment, which was just what he thought ought ngt to be done. 3 . — Treasure sunk in the Spanish mail steamer Alphonso XII., off Grand Canary, and amounting to ^ioo,oco, nearly all re- covered. — Died suddenly, at his residence Fifth Avenue, New York, aged 64, W. H. Vander- bilt, “Railway King,” son of the famous “Commodore” of the name, who was said to have left to his heir four-fifths of his estate, estimated at ^20,000,000. IO. — With the pollings published to-day the interest in the General Election may be said to have come to an end, for though the voting in Orkney and Shetland and the Edin- burgh and St. Andrew’s Universities do not take place till next week, the results in these 1502 two constituencies could not alter the position of parties in any appreciable degree. The total now stood — Liberals, 333 ; Conservatives, 249 ; Nationalists, 86 ; being a majority of 2 to the combination of Tories and Parnellites. 10. — The election of sixteen Peers to repre- sent Scotland in the House of Lords takes place at Iiolyrood to-day. Before the business of the meeting was taken up the Marquis of Queens- berry made an objection to the “loose and careless ” way in which the election was con- ducted. He was proceeding to refute an alle- gation that he had denied the existence of God, which he said had been made with the view of preventing his election, when he was interrupted by the chairman, and left the hall. The election then went on, Of the sixteen Peers chosen, nine sat in the last Parliament. 11. — An interesting ceremony takes place at Largo, Fifeshire, the Countess of Aberdeen unveiling a statue to Alexander Selkirk, best known as the prototype of Defoe’s world- famous creation “ Robinson Crusoe.” The statue was the gift of a Largo manufacturer, Mr. David Gillies, one of the representatives of the Selkirk family, and erected in front of the place where the cottage stood in which Selkirk was born. The statue was handsomely finished in bronze by Mr. T. S. Burnett, A.R.S.A., and bears an inscription recalling Selkirk’s solitary stay on Juan Fernandez. — Died at Shepherd’s Bush Green, aged 81, James Fahey, one of the founders of the New Society of Painters in Water Colours. 12. — Rumour current that communications had been recently exchanged between Mr. Gladstone and the leaders of the Irish party with a view to joint action in the new Parlia- ment. The Home Rulers were said to contem- plate moving an amendment to the Address, demanding Home Rule for Ireland. It was further alleged that Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Cham- berlain, and Sir William Harcourt favoured the idea of an understanding under which the Irish members might transfer their support to the Opposition, but that, on the other hand, the Moderate Liberals still looked with re- pugnance upon any such compact. — Grand funeral service at Madrid for late King Alfonso ; thirty-four bishops were pre- sent at the altar. — James Lambourne, formerly a private in the 14th Regiment of Foot, and one of the few survivors of the battle of Waterloo, buried at Nunhead. — Mr. W. H. Vanderbilt’s will proved in New York, from which it appeared that in the eight years intervening between his father’s and his own death he had increased his pro- perty from ^21,000,000 to ^37,000,000 ster- ling. He left 60,000,000 dollars to each ot DECEMBER DECEMBER 1885 his two sons and 10,000,000 to each of his daughters, besides a handsome provision for his widow. 12 . — Died, aged 7 6, David Cox, an Asso- ciate Exhibitor of the Society of Painters in Water Colours. 13 . — A terrible calamity occurred in the early hours of this morning in Plymouth. A fire broke out in a tenement in one of the oldest parts of the town, where several fami- lies, numbering thirty-one persons in all, re- sided. Some of the inmates succeeded in making their escape by means of a ladder, and others dropped from the windows, but twelve of them were not so fortunate, and were either suffocated or burnt to death. In the case of one family the mother and seven children were suffocated in their beds, while the father dropped from the window of the top storey and landed head foremost on the street, badly hurt. 14 . — To-day being the twenty-fourth anni- versary of the death of the Prince Consort and the seventh of that of the Princess Alice, her Majesty, accompanied by the Prince and Princess of Wales and other members of the Royal Family, attended a special service at the Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore. The ex- Empress Eugenie was also present. — Requiem Mass for the soul of the late King of Spain celebrated before Pope Leo in the Sistine Chapel. — The unparalleled feat of travelling from San Francisco to London in fourteen days is accomplished to-day by several passengers who reached I.iverpool in the Cunard steamship Umbria. — A fire, said to have originated in the sun-light of the Chemical Lecture Hall, broke out in the Yorkshire College of Science and Art at Leeds, recently erected at the cost of ^100,000. The efforts of the firemen saved all the buildings with the exception of the two lecture-rooms and their offices. 15 . — The Crown recovered in the Court of Queen’s Bench ^1,986 penalties for smuggling against a Leeds tobacconist. The tobacco was brought to Hull in coffins and hollow pieces of timber. — Died at Lisbon, aged 62, Ferdinand Augustus, King of Portugal, who had suc- ceeded to the throne on the death of his father, Dom Pedro, in 1861. — Died at Bray, near Dublin, aged 83, Lieut. -General Sir Arthur P. Phayre,' C.B. , formerly Chief Commissioner at British Bur- mah, and otherwise known as an accomplished scholar. — Died, at Bournemouth, aged 69, Dr. John Saul Howson, Dean of Chester, author, in conjunction with Dr. Conybeare, of The Life and Epistles of St. Paul. 16 . — The Pontypridd magistrates give a final decision in connection with the test case brought by direction of the Home Office to determine the legality of shot-firing in collieries whilst the men were at work. After somewhat lengthened litigation, Mr. Thomas, manager of the Standard Colliery, Ynyshir, was fined £1 and costs, amounting, it is understood, to nearly ^100. 17 . — Rumours, promptly repudiated, attri- bute to Mr. Gladstone a scheme for satisfying the demands of the Nationalist party by granting a Parliament in Dublin, with complete control of Irish affairs, the Crown having the right of veto only on the advice of the Irish Ministry ; Ireland to be represented at Westminster for all purposes of Imperial legislation ; the police organization to be under control of the Irish Government ; and, finally, Mr. Parnell to furnish “adequate guarantees” for the pro- tection of the loyal minority and the safeguarding of the legitimate interests of landlords. — Banquet at Birmingham to celebrate the return of seven Liberal members. Mr. Bright was unable to attend. Mr. Chamberlain in responding to the toast of the evening, con- tended that it was the advanced programme which had won and saved the Liberal party from defeat. In the new Parliament the Radical party would be more numerous and resolute than ever. He did not say it would force the pace of the party, but it would not be hindered by laggards half inclined to join the enemy. There would be no great eager- ness among the Liberals to turn out the present Government. He wished the Tories to drink to the dregs the cup of humiliation they had filled for themselves ; and there was a still stronger reason — at present he could not see a sufficient certainty that the place of the Con- servatives could be taken by a strong Liberal Government. A Tory Government resting on the support of its opponents was for Liberals a much better thing than a weak Liberal Government existing only with support of the Tories. — Act of Settlement in the Caroline Islands dispute signed at the Vatican by Cardinal Jacobini and the representatives of Germany and Spain. — One of the piers of the Pont Neuf, over the Seine at Paris, sunk as if into mud, and the other piers fell out of plumb, breaking the gas mains, &c. The foundation was laid by Henri III. in 1578. 13 . — Results of the final pollings in Scot- land completing the new House of Commons, announced to-day. For the Edinburgh and St. Andrew’s Universities, Mr. J. II. A. Mac- donald, the Lord- Advocate, was returned by a majority of 387 over Mr. Erichsen, the numbers being : Macdonald, 2,840 ; Erichsen, 2,453. 1503 DECEMBER 1885 DECEMBER In Orkney and Shetland Mr. Leonard Lyell the Liberal candidate, defeated Mr. C. Dundas by a large majority. The numbers were : Lyell, 3,352; Dundas, 1,940. Parties in the House of Commons now stood thus : Liberals, 334 ; Conservatives, 250 ; Nationalists, 86. 18 . — Henry Graham, formerly chief secre- tary to Lord Chancellor Cairns, appointed clerk of the Parliament, in room of the late Sir W. Rose. — Died, at Rome, aged 73, Morris Moore, whose name has been for many years associated in Italy with that of Raphael, by his purchase of the painter’s house, where he founded a museum. 19 . — Died at Sydling Court, Dorchester, from the effects of an accident in the hunting- field the previous day, Dudley Francis North, seventh Earl of Guilford, aged 34. — Died, at Liverpool, Stephen B. Guion, founder of the well-known line of Transatlantic steamers which bears his name. Mr. Guion was born in America, but came to this country early in life, and was a naturalized British citizen. 20. — Rumours being presently rife con- cerning the intentions of the Liberal party with reference to Ireland, Lord Hartington writes to the chairman of his electoral com- mittee stating that “ no proposals on the policy to be adopted by the Liberal party in reference | to the demand of a large number of Irish members for the legislative independence of Ireland ” have been communicated to him, ! and he sees no reason to depart in any degree from the declarations which he made and the opinions which he expressed, in his speeches during the election. What these opinions are may be gathered from the extracts given else- where. It is reported that Lord Hartington’s letter was issued immediately after a conference with Mr. Goschen at Devonshire House. In a memorandum circulated on behalf of Mr. Gladstone it was stated that if the right hon. gentleman “should at any time have any plan or intention to announce on the question of Irish government, it will be done in public and on his own responsibility, and not by anonymous irresponsible declarations.” He further assures his political friends “ that he is bound to none of the ideas entertained in his name. ” — Died, in Glasgow, aged 75, James Maclehose, an enterprising and successful bookseller and publisher. — Died, at Bayswater, aged 70, Captain Sir Frederick G. O. Evans, R.N., K.C.B., F.R.S., many years hydrographer to the Admiralty. 21. — The Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland issue a manifesto on the subject of Home Rule. In view of the present critical state of 1504 affairs, the Orange body sought to prove, by their demeanour towards those with whom they have minor differences, that the charge of bigotry which was so commonly made against them is wholly unfounded, and that they welcome with cordiality all those who will assist them in keeping intact the bond which unites Ireland to this great Empire. They believe that the truest interests of the Empire at large are involved in the con- tinuance of the existing connection between the British Islands. The relaxation of the ties which connect Ireland with England must lead to ultimate separation, and to the establishment at the most vulnerable point of the Empire of a drill-ground for hostile armies and a dockyard for foreign fleets. 21. — Speaking to his constituents at New- castle, Mr. John Morley said he had been forced to the conclusion that before many weeks were over they would see Parliament driven to consider the question of giving Ire- land some plan of extended government, whether Lord Salisbury undertook the task or whether he shrank from it. Parliament had a terribly rough journey before it, andlhe task would be a long one. It would stir passions, and might destroy a great party, but whatever the outcome, it was the duty of every Liberal to view it calmly and steadfastly. — At the Cork Assizes to-day Timothy Casey and Daniel Daly were charged with moonlighting on the 13th November last, when Mr. Curtin, of Castle Farm, Castle Island, County Kerry, was shot dead. The jury returned a verdict of guilty, and the prisoners were sentenced to fourteen years’ penal servitude. — The ninetieth birthday of Professor Ranke, the well known historian, celebrated at Berlin. The Emperor William sent his portrait and a congratulatory autograph letter ; the Empress also wrote, and the Crown Prince called to felicitate the distinguished nona- genarian. 22 . — First passenger train run through the Mersey Tunnel, the chairman and contractors being of the company. — Suicide from Clifton Suspension Bridge, being the nineteenth occurrence of the kind since the old Hungerford structure was swung across the Avon. 23 . — Telegrams from Upper Burmah state that the country is in a very disturbed state. Armed boats were reported on the Irrawaddy above M-inhla, and one of them captured by a steam launch commanded by the civil officer in charge of Minhla. It was now thought certain that three officials of the Bombay-Burmese Corporation — Allan, Roberts, and Moncure — were killed while captives in the Chindwin River. DECEMBER IS85 DECEMBER 23 . — Disastrous colliery explosion at Fern- dale, near Pontypridd, South Wales. Seventy- four were killed in the workings, and one expired after being brought to bank. All the bodies were soon recovered with the exception of one, buried under a fall. The cause of the explosion was unknown, though it was noted that the conditions of atmospheric pressure were similar to those observed at several previous accidents. — Died, in Whitehouse Terrace, Edin- burgh, aged 70, Sir George Harrison, M.P. for the Southern Division of that city and formerly an active popular Lord Provost. 24 . — Highbury Fields, 27 acres in extent, thrown open as a public recreation ground. The land was purchased by the Metropolitan Board of Works and Islington Vestry for ,£60,000. — Sad accident at Devonport. The two daughters-in-law of Mr. St. Aubyn, the Misses Fitzroy, had dressed for a ball, and when leaving the room to join the carriage the younger sister’s dress was found to have taken fire. Her elder sister at once closed in upon her and sought to extinguish the flames. She herself, however, became en- veloped, and received such frightful injijries before her heartrending cries brought assist- ance that she died next day. Her sister, Miss Ella, also succumbed on Jan. nth. — Died at Ravenstone Castle, Wigtown- shire, aged 72, Right Hon. Cunninghame Borthwick, eleventh Lord Borthwick, a repre- sentative peer for Scotland. 26 . — Died, aged 85, the Most Rev. Marcus Gei'vais Beresford, Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of all Ireland, a nephew of the first Marquis of Waterford. — Died, aged 79, Rev. Charles Portalis Golightly, well known in the early Tractarian days as an energetic opponent of the High Church movement. — Died at Torquay, aged 63, Sir Walter Medhurst, for many years Consul at Shan- ghai. 27 . — Died in Caversham Road, aged 72, Samuel Birch, D.C.L., LL.D., F. S.A., Keeper of the Egyptian and Oriental Anti- quities in the British Museum, and author of several valuable works upon Egyptian, Assy- rian, and mediaeval antiquities. 28 . — M. Grevy re-elected President of the French Republic for seven years by 457 votes out of 589. — Died in London, Rev. Thomas John Main, Chaplain in the Royal Navy ; for thirty- four years Professor of Mathematics at the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth. 29 . — The three men committed for the Netherby Hall robbery and the subsequent murderous attacks on the police again examined before the magistrates at Carlisle, in order that the deposition of Police-constable Fortune, of the Carlisle city police, might be taken. For- tune described the attack made upon him, and evidence was given of the finding of the re- mainder of the stolen jewellery in the river Lune, at Tebay. Fourth prisoner arrested by the London police on suspicion of being con- cerned in the crimes was released, the witnesses failing to identify him. 30 . — General regret expressed at the an- nouncement made to-day that Mr. W. E. Forster, M.P., was lying at Torquay in a most critical condition. According to the latest re- ports he was quite unconscious, and although he might live a day or two longer, the medical men in attendance on the right hon. gentleman were of opinion that he is rapidly sinking and that his recovery is hopeless. — Writing to the Times on the subject of Home Rule, Earl Cowper, a former Lord- Lieutenant, said he does not think Home Rule for its own sake was really desired by anybody. Even, however, though it were desired by the Irish, he did not for a moment admit that it could be granted without interfering with I m- perial interests. He contended that the griev- ances of the Irish were connected with rent, and not with politics, and that the secret of Mr. Parnell’s power lay in the fact that he appealed to the farmers’ pockets. Speaking at Ryde to-night, the Attorney-General said Vhat, whatever Lord Salisbury’s programme might be, it would certainly not be in the direction of granting Ireland a Parliament of her own with control of the police. There would be no truckling to Mr. Parnell. — Queen Christina of Spain took the oath before Congress to be faithful to the heir of the Crown during “his or her” minority. — General Stephenson inflicts a severe de- feat on the Soudan Arabs encamped at Giniss, near Korheh. 31 . — The number of colliery explosions for the year was only sixteen ; but the loss of life amounted to 322, the largest total since 1880. From foreign coal-fields fifteen explosions were reported, involving the loss of 550 lives — 450 in Europe and 100 in America. — Died at Malta, aged 73, Charles Maclver, one of the founders of the Cunard Steamship Company. JANUARY 886 JANUARY 1 886. January 1 . — Lord Dufferin’s proclamation, announcing in name of the Queen Empress the annexation of Upper Burmah to the British Empire, read at Rangoon this morning in presence of the troops of the garrison and a large concourse of the natives. — The inauguration of the new Lord Mayor of Dublin, Mr. T. D. Sullivan, proprietor of the Nation newspaper, takes the form of a Nationalist demonstration. The utmost order prevailed throughout the proceedings. 2 . — Confirmation received from Zanzibar of the seizure of Bishop Hannington by the King of Uganda. Sir John Kirk was said to have entered into negotiations for the Bishop’s release. — General Sir Donald Stewart, G.C.B., arrived at Osborne, and is invested by Her Majesty with the insignia of the Grand Cross of the Star of India, receiving also the honour of knighthood. — It was reported that fox-hunting had been altogether abandoned in Tipperary, in consequence of the continued poisoning of foxes and hounds. In Limerick County the members of the hunt decided, after a long discussion, to discontinue hunting. 3 . — Twenty-fifth anniversary of the Emperor William’s accession to the throne of Prussia celebrated in Berlin amidst great rejoicing. — Died at Alexandria, aged 50, Professor Sheldon Amos, English Judge of the Native Court of Appeal in Egypt. — Died at Brougham Hall, aged 90, William Brougham, second Lord Brougham and Vaux, younger brother of the Lord Chancellor. — Detailed confession published of George Herbert Thackray Nelson King, who says he and another man named Sullivan murdered Mr. John Broome Tower in Stoke Newington on the last day of 1883 or early the following morning. The body of Mr. Tower was found in a reservoir, and considerable mystery sur- rounded the murder, the police entirely failing to throw any light upon it. — Sir John Macdonald, Premier of Canada, entertained at St. George’s Hall, London. Responding to the toast of his health, he said he had often been questioned respecting the loyalty of the French Canadians, and he replied that if there was a loyal body of men within the bounds of the British Empire they would be found among the French Canadians. Their feeling respecting the execution of Riel was a natural one, and did not affect their loyalty. The French Canadians became sub- jects of the British Crown before the French Revolution. All their feeling was connected 1506 with the old Monarchy of France, and they had no sympathy with the modern infidelity and rabid democracy of France. Touching the question of Imperial Federation, he said this must take place, and, speaking for Canada, they were quite ready to accept increased responsibility. 5 . — At the fortnightly meeting of the Irish National League in Dublin to-day, it was announced that during the fortnight the sum of .£3,834 15^. had been received for the various purposes of the association. Of this sum £"3,000 came from America and .£500 from Australia, leaving £334 15J. as the contribution raised in Ireland itself. - — Died at Philadelphia, aged 70, Joshua B. Lippincott, the well-known American publisher. 6 . — A heavy fall of snow, extending over the greater part of Scotland and England, ren- dered traffic, especially in London and the large towns, difficult. The telegraph wires were seriously injured, and much damage done to timber-trees throughout the country by weight of snow. In Scotland and the north of England the snowstorm was accompanied by a severe gale, which on the coasts occa- sioned great loss of life and shipping. — The “ chapel bell ” signal put into requi- sition at Carrickmore, near Dungannon, on the arrival of a process-server. In answer to the summons a mob appeared, who not only effectually prevented the service of ejectment notices, but afterwards attacked the police bar- racks, and had to be dispersed at the point of the bayonet. 7 . — Speaking of the Irish question to-night, at a dinner in Chelmsford, Mr. John Morley, M.P., said that for his part he wanted two things — order in Ireland and power in the House of Commons at Westminster. The real mischief was not in the motions, speeches, and resolutions of the Irish members ; it was that they were able to weaken our policy, to turn out our Ministers, and to reject bills from motives which were not those of national pat- riotism in the English sense. Do what they would with the rules of procedure, they would not restore its virtue to the old British Parlia- ment — they would not give to the British peo- ple the power of being master of their own House until they had devised some scheme whereby they would remove the Irish members from the British House of Commons. Nobody was better aware than he of the enormous difficulty of framing a constitution either for Ireland or anywhere else, but he would rather bestow a new constitution on Ireland than destroy the old constitution of Great Britain. — Died, Count de Falloux, a former French minister, and Member of the Academy. — Died, aged 75, Professor John Morris, F.G. S. ; held the Chair of Geology in Uni- versity College for more than twenty years. JANUARY 886 JANUAR Y 8 . — Meeting of the Loyal and Patriotic Union of Ireland held in Dublin to-day under the presidency of Lord Longford. A large number of noblemen were present. Viscount De Vesci stated that during the election 270,000 leaf- lets and 14,000 pamphlets had been distributed, and the result of the contests, which had been fought on a large s-cale, had been the evidence that instead of having a United Ireland at his back Mr. Parnell was supported by barely half the population. The Provost of Trinity Col- lege declared that there was no half-way house between Imperial Parliamentary government and total separation, and that the Home Rule movement was the most disastrous ever set afoot. A programme was adopted as the basis of the operation of the society. — Mr. Joseph Thomson, African explorer, delivers a lecture in Glasgow, under the auspices of the Scottish Geographical Society. Speaking of the Congo region, he said there was hardly an article of produce at present known there which it would pay to bring to the coast. The action of the Berlin Con- ference in founding the Congo State was a blunder, in so far as it was utterly premature, and raised false hopes and expectations. The lecturer also referred at considerable length, and in anything but hopeful terms, to the commercial prospects of East Central Africa. — A bill for joining the North Sea and the Baltic by means of a canal referred to a committee of the German Reichstag. — The British Minister at Madrid (Sir F. C. Ford) and the Spanish Foreign Minister (Senor Moret) sign an agreement under which Great Britain recognizes the sovereignty of Spain over the Caroline and Pellew Islands, while Spain grants this country all the com- mercial advantages in these regions conceded to Germany. 9 . — Nearly one hundred persons immersed in Regent’s Park water, owing to the sudden giving way of the ice. The accident, which took place almost on the same spot as the fatal disaster of 1867, was unattended with any loss of life. 10. — Died, aged 70, Rev. William Gibson Humphrey, Prebendary of St. Paul’s ; he was a member of the New Testament Revision Company. 11 . — The Irish Nationalist Parliamentary party hold a meeting in Dublin, at which how- ever Mr. Parnell was not present, his absence being accounted for by the somewhat awkward explanation that he had been accidentally left by the train at Crewe last (Sunday) night. The meeting was conducted in private, but the resolutions passed were supplied to the press. Mr. Parnell was chosen chairman of the party and Mr. Justin M’Carthy vice-chairman. One of the resolutions reaffirmed the inalienable right of the Irish people to legislate for them- selves, and re-asserted the unalterable deter- mination of the representatives of the Irish nation never to relax their efforts until their legislative independence was achieved. 11 . — The Jersey Banking Company stopped payment, with liabilities amounting to about ,£400,000 — a disaster followed by the stoppage of another local bank (Messrs. De Gouchy’s) shortly afterwards. 12 . — The first session of the eleventh Parlia- ment of the Queen opened by Royal Com- mission, Her Majesty’s appearance in person being reserved for the 21st. In the House of Commons — Sir T. Erskine May presiding — Sir John Mowbray, in a graceful speech, moved the re-election of Mr. Arthur Wellesley Peel to the Speakership. Mr. John Bright seconded the motion. Mr. justin M’Carthy, on behalf of the Irish Nationalist party, entered a protest against the language of “unmitigated eulogy ” employed by the mover and seconder, remarking that on more than one occasion the Irish members had occasion to challenge the impartiality of Mr. Speaker Peel. The right hon. gentleman having returned thanks to the mover and seconder, and placed himself at the disposal of the House, the motion was unanimously agreed to, and he was conducted to the Chair. The mace was then placed upon the table, and the Speaker congratulated by the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mr. Gladstone on his re- election. 13 . — A gale of extraordinary violence, ac- companied by thunder and lightning, passed across England, travelling from the Yorkshire coast through the Midlands, where its effects were most disastrous, towards Devonshire. — The body of M. Barreme, Prefet of the Eure, found lying on the railway near Maisons Laffitte, having been apparently thrown from the train, in which he was travelling from Paris to Cherbourg. He had been shot through the temple, and it was supposed that the in- tention of the murderer was to throw the body into the Seine, at the spot where the railway crosses the river. — Died at Bayswater, aged 72, Sir George Udney-Yule, C.B., K.C.S.I., Chief-Commis- sioner of Oude, and Political Resident at Hyderabad in the Deccan ; well known in the literary world as editor of the travels of Marco Polo. — Died at Barnstaple, aged 93, Lieutenant- Colonel William Harding, a magistrate for Devon, who in his youth had served in the Peninsular War. 14 . — President Grevy’s message to the French Chambers commenced by returning thanks for his re-election, declaring that by this act the country would seem to have given evidence of its desire to assure the stability of Government. The Republic, proceeded the I 5 Q 7 JANUAR V 1886 JANUARY Message, is the form of Government necessary for France, and in view of the divisions and impotence of its adversaries it is essential to form a union of the Republican party in order that the important necessary reforms may be realised. M. Grevy declares that the Govern- ment of the Republic enjoys the high respect of Europe, and adds that in recent years France has contributed in no small degree to the maintenance of European peace. The President concluded by rendering homage i 1 warm terms to the army and navy. The Message was well received. In the early part of the day President Grevy signed decrees granting a free pardon to all prisoners under- going punishment for political ciimes com- mitted since 1870. 14 - . — The speech from the Throne at the opening of the Prussian Diet commenced by expressing His Majesty’s gratitude for all the assurance of the love and fidelity of his people received on the occasion of his recent jubilee. The speech proceeded to state that the Emperor had derived equal satisfaction from many expressions of benevolent sympathy which reached him from countries beyond the borders of the fatherland. These assurances corre- spond with the friendly relations existing be- tween the Empire and all foreign Govern- ments, and supported his belief in the sure continuance of peace. — Four children recently bitten by a mad dog at Newark, New Jersey, and afterwards sent to Paris for treatment under M. Pasteur, reported as having returned to New York in good health. 15 - — Certain rumours which had sprung up in connection with the retirement of Lord Carnarvon from the Viceroyalty of Ireland result in the publication of a correspondence, dated to-day, between his Lordship and the Prime Minister. Lord Carnarvon points out that when he accepted office it was on the distinct understanding that his appointment should be merely provisional and temporary, and that his tenure of office should cease on the meeting of the new Parliament. These limits were specified in order that when his Lordship resigned at the appointed time there should not be the slightest feeling that he had done so from any difference of opinion with his party. Lord Salisbury confirmed these statements, and added that the Government have cordially concurred throughout with the course his Excellency had consistently pur- sued. — An unsatisfactory condition of affairs reported from Skye. In consequence of the refusal of the crofters to pay rent, the pro- prietors have declined to pay rates and taxes. At a meeting of the School Board and the Parochial Board of Duirnish last week, it was determined to represent the state of matters to the Board of Supervision. The Parochial 1508 Board resolved to prosecute all who were in arrears, but it was pointed out that no officer could be found to execute writs in the island. 15 . — Loyalty meeting in Belfast, called on the initiative of the Belfast Chamber of Com- merce, to enter an emphatic protest against any legislation tending in the most remote degree to imperil the connection between Ireland and Great Britain, as certain to involve results disastrous to the commercial interests of Ire- land. Resolutions expressing loyalty to the Throne and insisting on the dangers attend- ing the creation of a separate Parliament or a National Council were passed. — The Scotch Education Department issue a circular to the managers of higher class schools on the subject of inspection. The circular states that my Lords are now prepared to make arrangements for the inspection of higher class schools during the current year, and they invite those managers who desire their schools inspected to send an intimation to that effect, with a general account of the circumstances, organisation, and work of their schools. In the case of higher class schools in which inspection is compulsory under the Educational Endowments Act, the cost of inspection comes from the endowment ; in the case of schools managed by a School Board, my Lords state that a temporary grant has been obtained to defray the expense ; while in the case of all other higher class schools, expenses of inspection will be defrayed by the managers. — Dr. Moorhouse, Bishop of Melbourne, appointed to the vacant see of Manchester. The Rev. James Moorhouse was born in Shef- field in 1826, educated at Cambridge, and ordained deacon in 1853. — Died at Upton Park, Slough, aged 75, General Sir Thornton Grant, K.C.B., served in China and throughout the Crimean cam- paign of 1854-55. 16 . — Speaking as chairman at a dinner given to Mr. Joseph Arch, by the National Liberal Club, Mr. Chamberlain said it was a coinci- dence that the leader of the peasant revolt in the fourteenth century, John Ball, “the mad priest of Kent,” was a Lollard, a Dissenter. Mr. Arch was a Dissenter, and had been a local preacher. In his struggle on behalf of the labourers he had received no support from the great ecclesiastical body which claimed exclusive national authority, but all his support and sympathy came from Nonconformist bodies and despised Dissenters in the villages. The claims of the labourers could not now be ignored. They demanded free education, facilities for enforcing their sacred right of property in endowments, and for acquiring an interest in the land. The vote which the Liberals had gained for the labourers was nothing in itself — it was but an instrument to achieve reforms necessary for the well-being of the whole community. Replying to the toast JANUARY 1886 JANUARY of his own health, Mr. Chamberlain said he held that a leader of the Liberal party ought to be an advanced politician. No one was more willing than he to make great sacrifices to preserve unity in the Liberal party, but he would not sacrifice the unity and integrity of the empire. 16 . — Died at St. John’s Wood, aged 38, Joseph Maas, a well-known vocalist. 17 . — Died at Milan, aged 52, Signor Pon- chielli, musician, composer of Gioconda. 18 . — In reply to the Pope’s offer to invest him with the insignia of the Order of Christ, Prince Bismarck expresses deep gratitude for the decoration, and states that this mark of approval has afforded him all the more plea- sure as being connected with a work of peace. — Mr. Stead, of the Pall Mall Gazette , liberated from Holloway Gaol this morning, having completed his term of imprisonment for his part in the abduction of Eliza Arm- strong. In the evening he attended a congratu- latory meeting in Exeter Hall and was pre- sented with two testimonials. — The trial of Rudge, Martin, and Baker for the burglary at Netherby Hall and the murderous attack upon the police, begins at Carlisle Assizes. Several servants at Netherby proved the robbery of the jewellery, valued at ^250, from Lady Graham’s bedroom, and Lady Graham identified some of the articles found in the river at Tebay, where Rudge and Martin were captured. Sergeant Roche iden- tified Baker and Rudge as two of the four men who shot at him and Johnstone at Kingstown. Evidence followed of the attack upon Con- stable Fortune, of the Carlisle police, as he was pursuing the four men along the railway. For- tune was struck on the head, apparently with a “jemmy.” He sustained nineteen wounds, and was left bleeding and insensible at the foot of the railway embankment. Next day evidence was given concerning the pursuit of the prisoners from Carlisle to Colthwaite, whence they started for Plumpton. Here Byrnes, the deceased constable, went in pur- suit and was shot through the head near the Pack Horse Inn. The prisoners were traced to Tebay, where Martin and Rudge were apprehended with revolvers in their possession. Baker was caught at Lancaster. The medical evidence showed that there was blood on the coats of all three prisoners. Baker accounted for this when arrested by stating that he had got a punch on the nose at the Longtown coursing meeting. On the 20th, the Jury, after a consultation of an hour, returned a ver- dict of guilty against all the prisoners. Rudge, who has all along proved himself the ringleader of the gang, then made a statement, declaring that he alone committed the murder, and that the other two men were innocent. He added that he welcomed the sentence the Judge was about to pass, as he preferred hanging to the living death of penal servitude. His lordship, in pronouncing sentence of death, warned the prisoners not to expect mercy at the hands of man, and urged them to prepare for the great change that would soon come over them. After the prisoners had been removed, the Judge paid a high compliment to the police- men and railway servants on their conduct, and also praised Mr. Sempill for the able man- ner in which he had conducted the proceedings that led up to the arrest at Tebay. 20. — The new Mersey Railway, connecting Liverpool and Birkenhead by a tunnel under the river, formally opened by the Prince of Wales. His Royal Highness, accompanied by his sons, the Princes Albert Victor and George, left Eaton Hall, the seat of the Duke of West- minster, about eleven o’clock in the forenoon, and, driving to Chester, went thence by special train to Birkenhead, where they arrived at noon, conveyed thiough the tunnel to a booking-hall on the Liverpool side. The Prince here declared the new line open, and afterwards drove through the crowded streets in the Mayor’s carriage to the Town Hall, where more addresses were presented and luncheon served. — Richard Belt and Walter Belt charged at Bow Street Police Court with conspiracy to defraud Sir Wm. Neville Abdy, Bart., of ^5,000. Richard Belt was also charged with obtaining various sums from Sir Wm. Abdy with intent to defraud. The prosecutor in his evidence alleged that he had been induced by fraudulent means to buy a large quantity of jewellery for sums much in excess of its value. — William Sheehan executed at Cork for the murder of his brother, mother, and sister at Castletownroche upwards of seven years ago. Berry was the executioner, and death was instantaneous. It was stated that Sheehan left a written confession of his guilt. 21 . — The most sensational Parliament of the present reign opened for the despatch of busi- ness by the Queen in person. A Royal Speech read by the Lord Chancellor referred to attacks presently being made on the Union with Ire- land, and further stated that, if “the existing provisions of the law should prove inadequate t ) cope with the growing evils of organized intimidation,” Parliament would be asked to grant further powers to the executive. Allu- sion was also made to foreign affairs, an inquiry into the Government of India was promised, and certain Bills foreshadowed. The address in answer to the speech from the throne was moved by the Duke of Aber- corn, and seconded by the Earl of Scarborough. The Marquis of Salisbury, in reply to the criticisms of Earl Granville, defended the policy of the Government, and after some dis- 1509 JANUARY 886 JANUARY cussion the address was agreed to. In the Commons the Address was moved by Viscount Curzon, and seconded by Mr. Iiouldsworth. On the question of Ireland, Mr. Gladstone said he adhered to the opinion he expressed in his manifesto of Sept. 17, since which date he had not said or done anything to extend that declaration. Although the subject had been his daily and nightly study, the respon- sibility rested where the means of action lay, and he deprecated bringing the question within the lines of party conflict. His duty was to await the plans of the Government, reserving perfect freedom of action. On the subject of local government in Ireland, legis- lation should be undertaken with promptitude ; he regarded as unsatisfactory the part of the speech relating to Ireland as a whole. Sir M. Hicks-Beach complained that Mr. Glad- stone’s speech, as regards the Union with Ireland, was indefinite, and asked why his former colleagues had publicly disavowed the principles which he was widely believed to entertain. He invited the Liberal Party to declare their policy, and if they did not agree with the Ministry, to move an amendment. Mr, Parnell said that if there was no land question there would be no opposition to a full measure of Home Rule. He declared that the National League had used its influ- ence wherever it could in the repression of boycotting, and denied that the existing agita- tion was from the outside. He predicted that if the Government gave their support to a small minority of landlords, the refusal of rent would be general. 21. — Died at his residence, Binns, Linlith- gow, from the effects of a carriage accident, Sir R. A. Osborne Dalzell, Bart., formerly in the diplomatic service, aged 65. 22 . — Publication of the new rules of pro- cedure which the Chancellor of the Exchequer proposes to submit to the House. One of the rules was that the House shall meet every Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday at tw’o o’clock, and should, unless previously adjourned, sit until half-past twelve o’clock at night. At seven o’clock the Speaker shall leave the chair until nine o’clock. — In the House of Commons Lord Randolph Churchill, in reply to various ques- tions respecting the executions of certain natives at Mandalay, expressed his unwilling- ness to believe that any British officer had taken part in scenes which would have dis- graced an officer of King Thebaw, and stated that he had not only set inquiry afoot, but had directed severe measures to be taken if there were any truth in the story. 23 . — Mr. W. H. Smith, the new Chief Secretary for Ireland, leaves London for the purpose, it was understood, of preparing a report in Dublin regarding recent crime and outrage. 1510 23 . — In consequence of complaints made against the issue of advertisements in the form of fictitious telegrams, the Postmaster- General calls attention to the fact that the imitation of any Post Office form is a contra- vention of the Protection Act of 1884, and is liable to prosecution. — Died, at Strathallan Castle, aged 7 6, William Henry Drummond, Viscount Strath- allan. 24 . — The Curtin family are made the objects of a disgraceful demonstration at Firies Chapel, County Kerry, and probably, but for the presence of a body of police, would have been subjected to violence. They were hooted by the mob outside the chapel, and after the people had been vainly warned by the resident magistrate, the police were ordered to disperse them with their batons. — Died at Venice, Sebastiano Zecchio, one of the survivors of the group of distinguished men who laid the foundations of Italian Unity ; President of the Senate 1876-1884. 26 . — Fall of the Salisbury Ministry. The debate on the address was resumed by Mr. Jesse Codings, who moved an amendment ex- pressing regret that no measures had been announced by the Government for the present relief of agriculture, and especially for af- fording facilities to agricultural labourers to obtain allotments and small holdings on equit- able terms as to rent and security of tenure. Captain Verney seconded the amendment, which was strongly supported by Mr. Glad- stone, Mr. Arch, and Mr. Chamberlain, but opposed by Lord Hartington and Mr. Goschen. Sir M. Hicks-Beach, in winding up the debate, said that if the division resulted in the defeat of the Government, they would accept the decision without regret. They had assumed office reluctantly, and they would leave it willingly. Lord Hartington followed in opposition to the amendment, expressing at the same time his regret that he found himself in disagreement with those with whom he had hitherto acted. Mr. Collings’s amendment was carried by 329 to 250. On the motion of Sir M. Hicks Beach, the House adjourned to allow Government to consider the state of things which had thus arisen. — Intimation made in the Commons that on an early day the Chief Secretary for Ireland would ask leave to introduce a bill for the purpose of suppressing the National League and other dangerous associations, for the pre- vention of intimidation, and for the protection of life, property, and public order in Ireland. He would ask for precedence for this bill on every day when it was on the orders. The Government further intended, it was said, to introduce a bill dealing with the land question when the other measure had been disposed of. JANUAR Y 1886 FEBRUAR V 27 . — A great amount of activity was mani- fested in London political circles. Frequent conferences took place on the one hand between Lord Salisbury and his colleagues, and on the other between Mr. Gladstone and his principal supporters. Baron Henry de Worms, speaking at Eastbourne, denied that Ministers had been “riding for a fall,” justified their delay in introducing their Irish policy, and maintained that, though the Government had been defeated, they still enjoyed the confidence of the country. Mr. Childers speaking at Edinburgh in connection with his election contest, said he regretted that the Conservatives could not retain office for some time longer in order that their Irish policy might be shown to the country. Had he been in the House of Commons he would have followed Mr. Gladstone. The division, he thought, showed that Mr. Gladstone re- presented the vast majority of the Liberal party at the present juncture, which was the most critical the country had ever ex- perienced. — Died, aged 92, John Edward Cornwallis Rous, second Earl of Stradbroke ; served with distinction in the Peninsular War and in the Netherlands, was Lord-Lieutenant of Suffolk and Vice-Admiral of the Coast of Suffolk. — Died, aged 75, Dr. E. H. Cradock, Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford. 28 . — Both Houses of Parliament sat for a brief period to-day. In the House of Lords, Lord Mount-Edgcumbe brought up her Ma- jesty’s reply to the Address of the House in answer to the Queen’s Speech, and it was ordered to be printed. Lord Cranbrook in the Lords, and the Chancellor of the Ex- chequer in the Commons, announced that the Ministry, in consequence of the vote of the 26th, had felt it to be their duty to make a communication to her Majesty, and that Lord Salisbury had been summoned to Osborne. They therefore moved an adjourn- ment till 1st February (Monday), which was agreed to in both Houses. — Publication of seventh report of the Central Committee charged with the manage- ment of the fund for the relief of the share- holders of the City of Glasgow Bank. The subscriptions, as at the end of last year, amounted to £387,755, of which £387,285 had been received. A curious fact was noted in regard to the subscriptions from the Inverness district. When the fund was first founded, the subscriptions announced from that district amounted to £2,300, of which £1,924 had to be remitted ; and of the total balance at pre- sent outstanding, which amounted to £471, a sum of £376 still applied to the same district. Since November, 1878, 982 cases had been disposed of, covering £555,767 of bank stock, and a sum of £3,214.094 surrendered to the liquidators. During the same period £430,218 has been voted in grants, donations, or loans. The committee stated that they were desirous of bringing the trust to a close, but that, until they saw whether the outstanding loans were to be paid up, they could not come to any decision. 28 . — Templeton’s carpet manufactory, Mile End, Glasgow, destroyed by fire ; damage estimated at £25,000. 29. — Mr. Childers elected for the Southern Division of Edinburgh, vacant through the sudden death of Sir George Harrison. The voting stood — Childers, 4,029 ; Master of Polwarth, 1,730. 31 . — Some 3,000 workmen took part to- day (Sunday) in a demonstration in Hyde Park, London, to bring forcibly before the public the distress existing amongst them. They carried banners on which was painted “ We will have work or bread.” On return- ing they made a demonstration outside the Reform and Carlton Clubs, and in Carlton House Terrace, where Mr. Gladstone was staying. February 1 . — Mr. Gladstone has an audience of the Queen at Osborne, the delay up to this time in completing a Ministry being accounted for by the great difficulty the leader of the Opposition had in endeavouring to reconcile the conflicting elements of the Liberal party. Even now the lists circulated were only of a tentative character. In political circles it was generally supposed that Lord Hartington, Lord Spencer, Lord Carlingford, and Sir Henry James declined to take office, and there were doubts as to the probable action of Lord Rosebery and Mr\ Trevelyan. — Both Houses of Parliament sit for a brief period to-day. In the Upper House Lord Salisbury announced the resignation of himself and his colleagues, and stated that Mr. Gladstone had undertaken the task of forming a Ministry. Sir M. Flicks Beach made a similar statement in the House of Commons, and the two Houses adjourned till the nth. Mr. Gladstone went in the morning to Osborne, and had an audience of the Queen, which lasted between two and three hours. He returned to London in the afternoon. It was stated that the right hon. gentleman would probably him- self fill the offices of Prime Minister and Chan- cellor of the Exchequer. Lord Granville, Lord Rosebery and Lord Spencer were to go to the Foreign, Colonial, and India Offices ; Sir Wm. Harcourt, it was expected, would return to the Home Office ; Mr. Chamberlain was spoken of as probable First Lord of the Admiralty, and Mr. Childers as Secretary for War, while Mr. Mundella was the latest nomination for the Irish Chief- Secretaryship. — A man of colour, representing himself to be the Rev. D. V. A. Nero, Principal of Sumner College, Kansas, is arrested by the 1511 FEBRUARY 1886 FEBRUARY Glasgow police, pending inquiry in connection with a charge of fraud. The prisoner came to Glasgow last June and preached in several of the leading churches there and in other cities. His appeals on behalf of a mission for the evangelisation of Africa were liberally an- swered, and altogether, it was believed, he raised about ^"400. 1. — Serious mutiny on board the Mersey Roman Catholic reformatory ship Clarence. Yesterday thirteen of the boys conspired to seize the boats and escape. The plot was discovered to the officers, and the conspirators ordered below and to be strictly watched. They managed to get on deck, however, and attacked their officers, several of whom were more or less seriously injured. The captain quelled the mutiny by threatening to use his revolver, and a force of police having been sent to his assistance, eighteen of the ring- leaders were taken into custody. Last year the Clarence ship was burnt to the water’s edge by mutineers. — Died, aged 79, Admiral the Right Hon. Plantagenet Pierrepoint, Viscount Falkland in the peerage of Scotland, and Baron Hunsdon in that of the United Kingdom. — Died in London, aged 65, Alexander Fraser, Lord Saltoun, seventeenth baron. 2 . — Miss Mary Gladstone, second daughter of the Prime Minister, married at St. Mar- garet’s Church, Westminster, to the Rev. Henry Drew, curate of Hawarden Church. Among the distinguished company present were the Prince and Princess of Wales, and Prince George of Wales. — The Rev. Lord Alwyne Compton, con- secrated Bishop of Ely, and the Rev. E. Bickersteth, Bishop of Japan. — Sydney Montague Albert Wood, stock- broker, Tokenhouse Yard, London, a de- faulter, commits suicide at the Royal Oak Hotel, Ramsgate. The defalcations of the deceased were stated to have been large, one client alone being a sufferer to the extent of ,£80,000. 3 . — Mr. Gladstone at length announced as having completed his new Cabinet. Contrary to rumour the Prime Minister “ has not handi- capped himself with the responsibilities of the Chancellorship of the Exchequer, which will be undertaken by Sir William Harcourt, while the office of Home Secretary will be filled by Mr. Childers. Lord Rosebery is Secretary for Foreign Affairs ; Lord Granville, Colonial Secretary ; Mr. Campbell-Bannerman, Secretary for War ; and Lord Kimberley, Indian Secre- tary. As was anticipated, Mr. John Morley appears as Secretary for Ireland. The Mar- quis of Ripon will preside at the Admiralty, Mr. Mundella at the Board of Trade, and Mr. Chamberlain at the Local Government Board. Lord Spencer is President of the 1512 Council ; Sir Farrer Herschell, Lord Chan- cellor ; and Mr. Trevelyan undertakes the duties of Secretary for Scotland.” 3 . — Parliament reassembles, writs being moved in the Commons for seats rendered vacant by acceptance of office in the new Ministry. In his Address to the electors of Midlothian, Mr. Gladstone writing of Irish affairs said it will be among the first duties of Government to form an estimate of the social state of Ireland, especially with regard to crime, to the fulfilment of contracts, to the pressure of low prices upon agriculture, and to personal liberty of action. “ The hope and purpose of the new Government in taking office was to examine carefully whether it is not practicable to try some method of meeting the present case of Ireland and ministering to its wants more safe and more effectual, going nearer to the source and seat of the mischief, and offering more promise of stability than the method of separate and restrictive criminal legislation.” — Died, aged 71, Rt. Rev. George Butler, D.D., Roman Catholic Bishop of Limerick. 5 . — Several important additions to the Minis- try announced. The Earl of Aberdeen to be successor to Lord Carnarvon in the Viceroyalty of Ireland ; Lord Wolverton was assigned the office of Postmaster - General ; and to Sir Lyon Playfair the position of Vice-President of the Committee of Council. Mr. J. B. Balfour and Mr. A. Asher were to assume the duties of Lord-Advocate and Solicitor -General for Scot- land respectively. — A fresh list of new peers and baronets announced. The former including the names of Sir Charles Mills, Sir Henry Allsopp, and Sir E. Beckett ; whilst amongst the latter were Archibald Orr Ewing, M.P. ; W. C. Brooks, M.P. ; Edward Green, M.P. ; Lieut. -Col. R. Paget, M. P. ; and E, Birkbeck, M. P. — Lord Salisbury, in reply to a deputation of the unemployed which waited Upon him at his private residence, expressed the opinion that the starting of great public works around London ought to receive the favourable con- sideration of the Government. — Another suicide added this afternoon to the many which have occurred at the Clifton Suspension Bridge. A well-dressed man mounted the rails and leaped into the gorge three hundred feet below. This is the third suicide within twelve months, and the twenty- first since the erection of the bridge. — Died in London, aged 67, John Bridges Aspinall, G.C., Recorder of Liverpool, and Attorney-General for the County Palatine. 6 . — The retiring Ministers and their suc- cessors are received in audience at Osborne by her Majesty — the former to deliver up their seals of office, and the latter to receive them. FEBRUARY 1 886 FEBRUARY 6 . — The House of Commons sit for a short time to-day (Saturday) for the purpose of issuing new writs in connection with the acceptance of office by members of the new Ministry. On rising the House adjourned till Thursday week, February 18th. — The Edinburgh Courant, the oldest newspaper in Scotland, to which Scott, Wil- son, Lockhart, Aytoun, De Quincey, Hannay, and Hogg had been contributors, appeared for the last time as a separate journal. — Damages estimated at ^20,000 caused by a fire which broke out in the Bunhouse Flour and Grain Mills, Old Dumbarton Road, Glasgow, leased by Mr. William Ferguson from the Incorporation of the Bakers of Glasgow. 7 . — Died at Rome, aged 85, Alessandro Torlonia, Prince of Civitella Casi, &c., the son of the Duke of Bracciano, who began life as a travelling tinker. — Died, aged 74 ? General William Neville Custance, C.B. ; served with distinction both in the Crimean and Indian Mutiny Cam- paigns. 8 . — A meeting of the “ unemployed ” held in Trafalgar Square, which divided itself into two groups — the “Fair Trade League ’’and the “Revolutionary Social Democrats.” Speeches were made : those to the latter body by Messrs. Hyndman, Burns, and Champion, being couched in violent language. The better portion of the meeting then dispersed, but others marched by Pall Mall, St. James’s Street, and Piccadilly to Hyde Park, breaking the windows of club-houses and private residences, and wrecking and robbing numerous shops, causing damage and loss to the value of ^50,000. — News received in Lerwick that the Columbine smack, which, with a sick woman, Elizabeth Mouat, on board, had been missing for eight days, was picked up, all safe, off Norway. It now appeared that the poor woman tied herself to the deck after the vessel went adrift. — The three men, Rudge, Baker, and Martin, sentenced to death for the murder of a police constable in connection with the bur- glary at Netherby Hall, hanged at Carlisle. Martin confessed that he had fired one fatal shot. — Early in the morning about one hundred masked men rode up to the gaol at Paris, Texas. A dozen dismounted, knocked at the door, and forced an entry. They then seized a well-known Texas desperado, R. T. Garrett, who a few days before had killed Deputy- Sheriff Clay-Davis, after having surrendered to him. The men then rode off with Garrett, and carried him to a place near the scene of the murder, and there hanged him. 9 . — Lord Herschell (late Sir Farrar Her schell) sworn in as a Peer on his appointment as Lord Chancellor. — Died, aged 73, Edward Thomas, F.R.S., C.I.E., a distinguished numismatist. — Died at New York, aged 62, Major- General Hancock, one of the ablest soldiers in the United States army. lO- — Accident on the Great Northern Rail- way at Finsbury Park Station ; 30 people in- jured. At the time of the occurrence a dense fog hung over the metropolis. — Serious rioting at Leicester ; the mob attacking the hosiery factories. 11. — The Earl of Fife writes to resign his position as president of the Scottish Liberal Association, on the ground that as president of an association which is about to support the Cabinet he felt that his position, even for a few months, would be an anomalous one. His lordship, “ not having the elasticity of principle which seems gradually to be rising to the dig- nity of statesmanship, declines to hand over his political conscience to a Cabinet whose policy, so far as it can be defined at all, can only be described as a Cabinet of surrender.” — Died, aged 54, Henry Bradshaw, M.A., Librarian of the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of King’s College. 12. — The election at Newcastle results in the return of Mr. John Morley, the new Chief- Secretary for Ireland, by a majority of 2,661 over his Conservative opponent, Mr. Hamond. The polling took place amid the utmost quiet- ness and good order. — The Crawford divorce case, in which Sir Charles Dilke was called as co-respondent, comes up before Mr. Justice Butt in the Divorce Court. The court was crowded to excess. Sir Charles Dilke was in attendance, and took his seat in the well of the court, but Mrs. Craw- ford did not appear. Little evidence was led beyond the statements made by Mr. Crawford as to the extraordinary confessions of his wife, and the case came to a somewhat abrupt ter- mination, Sir Charles Dilke not being called. Decree of divorce was granted as craved, and the co-respondent acquitted. — Died, at St. Augustine, Florida, aged 40, Randolph Caldecott, one of the most original and charming of modern English humorous artists. 13 . — Addressing a Conservative meeting at Bayswater, Lord Randolph Churchill said the charge that the late Government had abandoned the Crimes Act in order to secure the Irish vote at the general election was one which had no foundation of fact. Lord Salisbury was the last man to traffic the peace of any portion of the empire for any consideration whatever. When the late Government took 1513 FEBRUAR y 1886 FEBRUARY office the state of Ireland did not warrant co- ercion, and it would have been ridiculous so soon after the large enfranchisement of the Irish people to ask for the curtailment of in- dividual freedom. 13 . — Died at Torquay, aged 63, the very Rev. Principal Tulloch of St. Andrews. Deceased studied at the University there, and was ordained to a charge in Dundee when only twenty-two years of age. Subsequently he became minister of the parish of Kettins, and on the death of Principal Haldane was appointed Principal and Primarius Professor of Divinity of St. Mary’s College, St. Andrews. Principal Tulloch was a well-known author, for many years chief Clerk to the General Assembly, one of the Queen’s chaplains in Scotland, and known to be an eloquent preacher as well as skilful debater. The Court Circular made mention that her Majesty “ received with the deepest concern the news of the death of Principal Tulloch, one of the most distinguished divines of the Church of Scotland, and for whom the Queen had the •greatest regard.” The very Rev. Principal received honoured burial in St. Andrews on the 18th. — Died, aged 7 2 j Jules Janin, permanent Secretary for the section of Physics and Natural History of the French Academy of Science. 15 . — Died at Torquay, aged 73, Viscount Cardwell of Ellerbeck. The deceased Viscount entered Parliament in 1842 at the age of 29, and afterwards sat for Liverpool and Oxford city. In 1868, on the formation of Mr. Glad- stone’s Cabinet, he became Secretary for War, and in this capacity proposed and passed through Parliament a series of measures com- pletely reorganising the British army. He was raised to the peerage when the Liberal party went out of office in 1874. — Died at Philadelphia, aged 68, John B. Gough, a noted and unwearied temperance lecturer, a citizen of the United States, but born in Sandgate, Kent. — Died, aged 74, Robert Alexander Shafto Adair, Baron Waveney, F. R. S., for many years the acknowledged head and guide of the Ulster Liberals. 16 . — The House of Laymen, brought into existence by the House of Convocation, held its first meeting at the National Society’s Rooms. Earl Selborne was elected Chairman, and Mr. G. Spottiswoode Vice-President. The Archbishop of Canterbury delivered an opening address, indicating the lines on which the laity could usefully co-operate with the clergy. — A deputation waits on the Home Sec- retary to complain of the inaction of the police during the recent riots in London, and to seek I5H information on the matter of compensation. Mr. Childers said he fully sympathised with the sufferers in their losses. It was, he ad- mitted, the first duty of a Government to maintain public order, and he had therefore instituted a most searching inquiry into the conduct of the police. He could not now enter into details, but the explanation he would shortly make in Parliament would, he thought, satisfy the deputation as to the nature of the inquiry. The law as to compensation was not clear, but any grant from the Con- solidated Fund would have to be dealt with by his colleagues. He promised to lay the matter before the Cabinet, 16 . — The inquiry into the St. Andrews Burghs election, in which Sir Robert Anstruther and Mr. Stephen Williamson polled an equal number of votes, both being returned to Par- liament, concluded before Lords Rutherfurd Clark and Lee in the Court of Session. The result of the scrutiny was that Sir Robert Anstruther was found to have a majority of two votes over Mr. Williamson, and their Lordships therefore declared the petitioner duly elected member of Parliament. Sir Robert did not claim expenses. — Died at Florence, aged 72, Sir Joseph Arnould, for many years puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Bombay. 17 . - — Speaking at a Conservative banquet in London the Marquis of Salisbury said he was inclined to think that Mr. Gladstone had no Irish policy, and was fishing for one, as he had done in regard to the Soudan and Euro- pean affairs. He expressed a dread of the dexterity of Mr. Gladstone as “an old Par- liamentary hand,” and cautioned the country against his proposals. An independent Parlia- ment in Dublin meant not only a possible enemy on the western shores of great Britain, which he did not seriously consider, but it also meant discredit and dishonour to this country. 18 . — Parliament meets for the first time since the formation of the new Ministry. In the House of Lords Earl Granville stated that he was prepared to give only a brief and meagre statement of the course to be pursued by the Government, and more was scarcely necessary, since at the general election and at recent by-elections the leader of the Liberal party had stated his views and those of his party. After the business of Supply had been disposed of — about the 1st of April — Mr. Gladstone hoped to introduce a substantial measure in regard to Ireland. Lord Salis- bury criticised the statement at considerable length. Great changes had taken place since the election, and, judging from the personnel of the Cabinet, it was impossible to say what the policy of the Government might be. The 1st of April would probably be found FEBRUARY 1886 FEBRUARY an exceptionally suitable day for the de- claration of the Irish policy of the Govern- ment. 18 . — In the Commons Mr. Gladstone makes an official statement as to the conduct of public business. Government, he said, proposed to accept the Address so far as it had been adopted, together with Mr. Jesse Collings’s amendment and some slight verbal modifica- tions, but they could not consent to any other amendment. With regard to that on the Crofter question, a Government measure deal- ing with the matter would be introduced on an early day. The business of Supply would have to be proceeded on without delay, as it was absolutely necessary to introduce a Financial Bill by the 22nd March. After that date he hoped to make a statement on his Irish policy. It was not intended to suggest at the present moment an enactment of re- pressive legislation. The desire of the Govern- ment was to propose measures of a positive and substantial character with respect to social order, the land question, and the method of government. — Professor John Nichol, of Glasgow Uni- versity, reported as having been placed under arrest at Naples for carrying about with him a sword-stick without having obtained permission to wear arms. — Died at Ramsgate, aged 82, Robert Dundas, Viscount Melville, grandson of Henry, first Lord Melville. His lordship is succeeded by his nephew. — Died at Vienna, aged 70, Joseph Aigniers, a portrait-painter of some celebrity, who, as commandant of the insurgent Academy Legion in the revolution of 1848, had been sentenced to death, but was afterwards pardoned. 19 . — Sir Charles Dilke, it is stated “on authority,” has given an absolute denial to the statements made by Mr. Crawford, M.P., in the witness-box in the recent case of Crawford v. Crawford and Dilke. He was prepared to rebut the allegations made against him, but in deference to the opinion of his counsel, sup- ported by the views of Mr. Chamberlain, he did not offer to go into the witness-box. Sir Charles attended a meeting to-night of the Chelsea Liberal Association, and made what was described as an exhaustive statement with regard to the divorce case. At its close a resolution was carried, amidst the greatest enthusiasm, “heartily accepting his denial of the charges brought against him, and express- ing continued confidence in him.” — Mrs. Bartlett and Rev. George Dyson charged at Westminster Police Court, the former with causing the death of her husband at Pimlico, by chloroform poisoning, and the latter prisoner with being an accessory be- fore the fact. Evidence was given at some length by Ewin Thomas Bartlett, father of the deceased. 1515 20. — Lord Aberdeen makes his State entry into Dublin as the new Viceroy of Ireland. His Lordship’s reception, if not very enthusi- astic, was fairly creditable to the city. — Colonel Sir E. Y. Henderson, who for seventeen years had been Chief Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, resigned his post in consequence of the report of the committee appointed to inquire into the rioting on Feb- ruary 8th. 22. — Speaking at Belfast Lord Randolph Churchill said there could be no doubt that Mr. Gladstone contemplated the repeal of the Union, and as the Conservative party in Eng- land were determined to oppose any such policy, his visit to Ireland was to ascertain to what extent they would be supported in this resolution by the Irish people. Mr. Gladstone had always studiously endeavoured to strengthen the party of repeal and to weaken the party of union, and now by a “ profligate manoeuvre ” he was attempting to retain a few weeks, or it might only be a few hours, of illusory power. The noble lord advised the Loyalists of Ireland to resist the proposals for repeal, as the issues mainly depended upon them. He hoped the struggle for the maintenance of the legislative Union would be kept within constitutional methods, but they must be prepared for the worst. — The London Mansion-House Fund for the relief of the unemployed now amounted to over £"60,000. The committee yesterday made further grants amounting to ,£8,500. — Mr. Donald Crawford, M.P., denies the statement that he shook hands with Sir Charles Dilke the day after Mrs. Crawford’s confession or that anything approaching a five or ten minutes’ conversation took place. Mr. Craw- ford also gives denial to the averment that the course of procedure at the recent trial was the result of arrangement, and adds that no one was more surprised than himself at the non- appearance of the co-respondent in the witness- box. Rumours were now current that the Queen’s Proctor would intervene in this case. 23 . — In the House of Lords, Baron Grims- thorpe (Sir Edmund Beckett) takes his seat with the usual formalities. — Elizabeth Mouat, who was cast ashore at Norway in the smack Columbine , arrives in Hull this morning on board the steamer Domino from Bergen. She took train for York, joined the express for the North, and broke the journey at Dunbar, where she re- mained for the night. 24 . — Prince Albert Victor opened a new wing of the Cambridge University Union, added at a cost of ,£10,000. — The great strike of Tyne and Wear ship- wrights, after lasting seven weeks, came to an end, masters and men making mutual conces- sions, the latter accepting a reduction of one shilling a week on time wages. MM FEBRUAR Y 1 886 MARCH 24 . — The Commercial Bank of South Aus- tralia reported as having suspended payment, the liabilities, being stated at ;£i, 100,500, and the assets ;£ 1. 250, 000. The bank was established eight years ago, and for the last three years it has paid dividends at the rate of 8 per cent., the division in November last being at that rate. Of the capital of ^500,000 only ,£400,000 has been called up, so that there are still £100,000 to fall back upon, while the shareholders are also liable in an additional call of £5 per share. — Died at Liverpool, aged 62, the Rev. Hugh Stowell Brown, a popular Noncon- formist preacher. 25 . — In the House of Lords, Sir Henry Allsopp took his seat as Lord Hindlip, of Hindlip. 26 . — The Queen came up from Windsor to London, to attend a performance at the Albert Hall, of M. Gounod’s Mors et Vita. She was most warmly received along the route, and at the hall. 27 . — Foundation stone of a church to be erected at Cannes, in memory of the Duke of Albany, laid by the Prince of Wales. — Mr. Gladstone, in acknowledging a copy of the resolutions parsed at a mass meeting of the unemployed at Clerkenwell Green on the 14th, states that while l-eceiving the resolutions with pleasure, no such assurance was required to convince him that the rioters of the 8th in no way represented the workmen of London. — At a meeting of the joint-committee of the Shipping and Sugar Industries at White- chapel on Saturday attention was called to Mr. Bradlaugh’s assertions that money for the promotion of the Trafalgar Square demon- stration had been advanced by leading Conservatives. The charges were denied, and Mr. Bradlaugh was challenged to publish his proofs. 28 . — The whole of Lord Trevor’s jewellery, which disappeared four years since from his house, Brynkinalt, Denbighshire, discovered intact in his garden. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 85, Charles William Peach, a coastguard’s-man, whose re- searches and discoveries among the cliffs at Cromer added much to our knowledge of zoology and palaeontology. — Died, aged 66, Lieutenant-General Thos. Fourness Wilson, C.B. ; served with distinc- tion during the Indian Mutiny in the defence of Lucknow. — Died, aged 90, Conway Richard Dobbs, D.L., of Castle Dobbs, County Antrim. He fought under Lord Exmouth at Algiers, subse- quently represented Carrickfergus in Parlia- ment for a short time in 1832, and then retired to a private but useful life. 1516 March 1 . — At 8 P.M., one hour before the expiry of the truce, peace signed between Servia and Bulgaria. — Addressing his constituents at Bury, Sir Henry James explains his vote on the occasion of the defeat of the late Conservative govern- ment. He recalled to the meeting that he had plainly stated his hostility to any attempt to grant a separate Parliament to Ireland prior to his election, and had promised that should Mr. Gladstone hold a different opinion he should not be able to follow him. Sir Henry reiter- ated his views on the Irish question, and at the conclusion a vote of confidence in him was passed. — Anxiety felt in naval circles in conse- quence of the absence of telegraphic advices respecting H.M. S. Bellerophon , which left Madeira at the end of January to relieve H. M.S. Northampton as flagship of the North American and West Indian squadron at Bar- badoes. She was due at the latter port on the 17th of February. — Intelligence from Merv states that a detachment of Russian troops made a formal entry into Penjdeh on 13th Feb., and that General Alikhanoff announced to the Saryks the union of the district with Russia, and the establishment of a Russian administration. — Died, Prince George Okropiroviah Gruz- husky, the last male descendant of the dynasty of Georgia. — Died, aged 72, Admiral Sir Charles F. A. Shadwell, President of the Royal Naval College at Greenwich. 2. — The Lord Chancellor unveiled a statue of the late Mr. G. E. Street, in the Central Hall of the Royal Courts of Justice. — M. Pasteur reported to the French Academie des Sciences that out of 350 persons inoculated for hydrophobia his treatment had only been unsuccessful in one case, when the patient was brought too late. 3 . — Died at Naples, Captain J. J. Kendall ; served in the Crimea and in India, and also in various offices under the Colonial Office in Sierra Leone and the West African Settle- ments. 4 . — Rumour current, based, it was said, ‘•'on the most reliable authority,” that Mr. Gladstone has finally determined on the course he will propose with regard to legislation for Ireland. “ The proposal is of a sweeping character, Home Rule pure and simple being the basis of the scheme.” According to the same authority, it had not yet been submitted to the Cabinet, the sole responsibility resting upon Mr. Gladstone himself ; and, in spite of the probable defection of Mr. Trevelyan and Mr. Chamberlain, the Prime Minister believed he would be able to carry the House of Com- mons with him. MARCH 1886 MARCH 4 . — Died at Gloucester, aged 96, Captain j James Maurice Shipton, R.N., who, entered I the navy in 1803, and served under Nelson. 5. — In the Commons, on the motion for going into Committee of Supply, Mr. Labou- chere moved a motion declaring that it is inconsistent with the principles of representa- tive government that any member of the House of Lords should derive his title to legislate by virtue of hereditary descent. In the course of a long speech, he said the House of Lords was almost the only Assembly he knew which had not a single advantage to some extent to counterbalance its disadvan- tages. Mr. Gladstone said much w 7 ould have to be done before they could arrive at a rational conclusion as to what course should be taken with regard to the hereditary prin- ciple, either as to its extinction, which he himself was not ready to affirm, or as to the limitation of its reign. He had come to the conclusion that the question was not one that ought to be dealt with piecemeal, and he could not vote for a resolution to which he could not give effect. On a division, Mr. Labouchere’s motion was rejected by a majority of thirty-six. — Speaking as the guest of the Eighty Club in London, Lord Hartington said he found great difficulty in discovering exactly what the Irish demand amounted to. Up to the present there had been no thought of conceding the demand for separation, but now the country believed that a responsible statesman, sur- rounded by responsible supporters, was pre- pared to do so. In the meantime however the Liberal party and the whole country were in a position of absolute freedom on the sub- ject. There was no doubt any proposals Mr. Gladstone would make would receive the fair and favourable consideration of the country, but his fear was that they would be too favourably considered, because he thought this question was of too vital importance to be settled by any man, however eminent he might be. He was prepared, however, to leave the issue with confidence to be decided by the British people, whose judgment he believed would be right and just. — Certain men connected with the riots in the West End on February 8th sentenced to terms of imprisonment, varying from five years’ penal servitude to three months’ hard labour. — Outrage on the Paris Bourse, a man named Petrovitch, who declared himself to be an anarchist, firing several shots from a re- volver, and throwing the contents of a bottle of vitriol from one of the galleries among the crowd of persons assembled below. One per- son was slightly wounded. A large number of anarchist papers was found on the perpetra- tor, who was arrested. 5 - 6 . — Heavy falls of snow in the northern counties and in Wales about nine thousand M M 2 sheep reported as having been lost on the Welsh mountains. 6. — The Madagascar Treaty ratified by the French Senate after a brief debate. — The marriage of the Infanta Eulalia with the son of the Due de Montpensier celebrated at Madrid. — The thirteenth game of the chess cham- pionship at New Orleans results in favour of Dr. Zukertort, Mr. Steinitz resigning at the eighty-sixth move. Mr. Steinitz had now won six games, and Dr. Zukertort five, while two have been drawn. — An extraordinary scene takes place to- night in Her Majesty’s Theatre, London. Several long waits occurred between the acts, and the occupants of the pit and galleries showed a tendency to riot. Ultimately the boxes and stalls were deserted, and the stage- manager at length came before the curtain and explained that as the carpenters had refused to pay further attention to the scenery the per- formance of Faust could not be continued. The curtain afterwards rose, and over one hundred of the chorus and supernumeraries came down to the footlights and implored the assistance of the few hundred people still remaining in the house, stating that they must starve unless it were given them. Coppers were showered on the stage, and for nearly half an hour there was a scramble for them by the men and women on the stage. 8. — Lord Iddesleigh entertained at a banquet at Willis’s Rooms by a number of political friends, Liberal and Conservative, belonging to the Houses of Parliament, and presented with a handsome testimonial. — By the explosion of the boiler of the steamtug Rifleman at Cardiff this morning five men were killed outright and two injured. A portion of the boiler fell on the pilot of a tug lying near, and decapitated him. The tug sank immediately, while considerable damage was otherwise done, — Died on board the Minotaur , aged 62, Vice-Admiral Charles Fellowes, C.B., in command of the Channel Squadron. 9 . — Died, aged 66, Rev. Canon Simpson, LL.D., F.S.A., President of the Cumberland and Westmoreland Antiquarian Society. — Died, aged 63, Rev. John Dury-Geden, D.D., a well-known Hebrew scholar, and a member of the Old Testament Revision Com- pany. 10. — Wales disestablishment debate in the Commons, Mr. Dillwyn moving that as the Church of England in that part of the king- dom had failed to fulfil its professed object its continuance is an anomaly and injustice which ought no longer to exist. He stated that out of a population of 1,343,227 the number of 1517 MARCH 1 886 MARCH Church communicants in Wales was only 217,412. There was no sympathy with the Church, and the hostility to it arose from a long chapter of unhappy persecutions and bitter memories. Mr. Richard seconded the motion. Mr. Albert Grey moved an amend- ment in favour of introducing such reforms as will enable the Establishment to adapt itself more efficiently to the needs and wishes of the Welsh people. He contended that while there was no good ground for disestablishment, there was abundant for an immediate and thorough reform. In the course of the debate, Mr. Raikes defended the character and work of the Church, and declined to accept the statistics laid before the House. The Chan- cellor of the Exchequer could not support the motion, as no early legislative action could be taken, but he admitted that a strong case for disestablishment had been made out. After Sir R. Cross had spoken, the House divided, when the amendment was carried by 241 to 229 votes. Mr. Dillwyn’s motion being thus defeated by Mr. Grey’s amendment, the latter was put as a substantative motion, and rejected by 346 to 49. 10. — Preliminary meeting of foreign ambas- sadors at Constantinople on the Bulgarian question. — Two passenger trains come into collision between Roquebrune and Monte Carlo, five of the carriages being thrown off the line into the sea ; three persons killed and nearly thirty injured. 11. — Great fire at the Custom House, Buenos Ayres ; loss of merchandise estimated at from ^600, oco to ^1,000,000. 12. — Sir Charles Warren, who recently dis- tinguished himself in connection with the Bechuanaland expedition, appointed Chief Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, in place of Sir E. Henderson, resigned. — Crowded meeting of laymen of different denominations favourable to Mr. Finlay’s bill and the maintenance of the Established Church held in the Music Hall, Edinburgh — Lord Napier and Ettrick presiding, , in the absence, through illness, of the Duke of Argyll. A letter was read from His Grace, expressing his disappointment at being unable to be present, and according his complete approval of Mr. Finlay’s bill. He urged the laity of Presbyterian Churches who desired to see as much reunion as can be attained not to make their support of this bill dependent upon pre- liminary negotiation of any kind. Resolutions approving of Mr. Finlay’s bill, and with a view to effect a union of the several divisions of the Presbyterian Church on the basis of a National Established Church, were adopted. — Died, aged 69, General Edward Arthur Somerset, C. B. ; served in the Caffre war of 1852, and in the Crimea, was twice Acting- Governor of Gibraltar. 1518 13 .— From this day soldiers of all arms and all regiments allowed to wear their beards. 14 — The Cunard steamer Oregon , on her voyage from Liverpool to New York, run into by an unknown schooner about eighteen miles east of Long Island. The sea was smooth, the night fine and clear. The steamer was struck midships, and a huge hole eight feet in diameter made in her side. All the pas- sengers (631) and crew (205) were taken off in safety by the German steamer Fulda , but nearly all the mails and passengers’ luggage were lost, the ship sinking about eight hours after having been struck. The schooner, with all hands, is supposed to have foundered at once, nothing being seen of her after the collision. 15 . — In the Commons, on going into Supply, Lord C. Beresford proposed the expenditure of ^5,577,ooo, to be provided out of the Sink- ing Fund, for the construction of a number of ships, thereby putting the Navy in a state of efficiency, and giving employment to skilled artizans and others in the ship-building ports. After a long discussion, the proposition was rejected by 206 votes against 98. — A large meeting in favour of the dis- establishment and disendowment of the Church of Scotland, and opposed to the principle of Mr. Finlay’s bill, held in Edinburgh, when resolutions in consonance with the object of the promoters were passed. Among the speakers were Principals Cairns and Rainy and Dr. Hutton, who argued that the bill could not fulfil the object intended, and that the only method of bringing about a union of Presby- terianism in Scotland was to disestablish and disendow the State Church. A meeting in favour of the bill was also held in Inverness, when the usual resolutions were adopted. In the House of Commons a large number of pe- titions were presented by various members — the majority of them, however, supporting Mr. Finlay’s measure. — Mr. Richard Belt, sculptor, to whom the prize design for the Byron monument in Hyde Park was assigned, convicted at the Central Criminal Court on a charge of ob- taining money by false pretences from Sir William Abdy, and sentenced to one year’s hard labour. The trial lasted over four days. — Eighteen Russian peasants, who had been bitten (February 28) by a mad wolf in the neighbourhood of Smolensk, arrived in Paris to be submitted to M. . Pasteur’s treatment for hydrophobia. — Died at his seat, Stanmer Park, Lewes, aged 82, the Right Hon. Flenry Thomas Pelham, Earl of Chichester, and Baron Pel- ham, of Stanmer, Sussex, in the peerage of the | United Kingdom. MARCH 1886 MARCH IS. — William “Viscount Hinton,” aged 36, convicted at the Central Criminal Court of conspiracy to obtain goods by false pretenees, and sentenced to one year’s imprisonment with hard labour, 17 . — Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Connaught delivered of a daughter at Buck- ingham Palace. — In the Commons, Mr. Finlay (Inverness) moves the second reading of his Church of Scotland Bill. There was, he said, a growing feeling in Scotland that disunion among the Presbyterian bodies should exist no longer, and the measure he had introduced was meant in some degree to satisfy that feeling. The opinion in the Highlands was almost wholly in favour of the Establishment principle, but at present the people there were to a great extent cut off from the financial benefits of that principle. Not only would this Bill meet the interests of the Highlanders in this respect, but it would also form a basis upon which a union of Pres- byterianism in Scotland could be founded. Dr. Cameron moved that the Bill be read a second time that day six months. The debate was continued by Mr. Gilbert Beith, Mr. J. H. A. Macdonald, and Mr. J. P. B. Robertson, after which the House divided, when there voted for the second reading, 177 ; for the amendment, 202 ; giving a majority of 25 against the Bill, which was accordingly thrown out. — A party of brigands attacked the Castello di Maniace, the seat of Lord Bridport (Duke of Bronte), in Sicily, and attempted to carry off his son. The attack was repulsed by a smart fusillade, and the brigands beaten off, leaving four prisoners on the ground. — At Carrolltown, Mississippi, during the trial of some negroes for the attempted as- sassination of a white man, the court house was stormed by fifty whites, who killed thirteen persons attending the court, and wounded several others. 13 . — Serious demonstrations of the un- employed in Manchester. A large mob as- sembled round the Town Hall, which, on being moved off by the police, broke up in separate bodies, some of which threatened to pillage the principal shops, and were only prevented by the constant intervention of the police. — The Socialist disturbances in Belgium in connection with the anniversary of the Paris Commune assume serious dimensions, large bands of rioters sacking cafes and damaging house property. Several conflicts occurred between the police and the mob, and nume- rous casualties were sustained by both sides. The authorities eventually succeeded in re- storing order, but not before over a hundred persons had been placed under arrest. — Collisions on the recently opened Glasgow City Underground Railway, one occurring at Finnieston Station and another at Iiyndland Station, officials in each case attributing the cause of the accidents to a temporary failure in the block telegraph system. No lives lost; sixteen injured. 19 . — In the Upper House Lord Thurlow moves his motion in favour of the opening of museums and picture galleries on Sundays. Viscount Midleton moved a direct negative, and denied that there was any evidence that the working classes were at all anxious for any step in this direction ; on the contrary, some of the labour representatives had spoken out very strongly against it. The Earl of Har- rowby said Lord Salisbury had asked him to state to the House that he was strongly opposed to the proposal of Lord Thurlow. Speaking in support of the motion, Earl Gran- ville said that hitherto this question had been regarded as a non-political and non-party one, but now, for the first time, a message had been delivered from the Marquis of Salisbury to his battalions desiring that the character of the question should be changed, and that they should vote in a particular way. On a divi- sion, the motion was carried by 76 to 62 votes. — The six hundredth anniversary of the death of Alexander III., King of Scotland, commemorated at Kinghorn, in the vicinity of which village that monarch was killed. At a public meeting in the evening a committee wa? ■appointed charged with the erection of a fitting memorial of the event. 20. — Died, aged 10 1, George Stirton, of Coupar Angus, said to have been the oldest Freemason in Europe. 21. — 'Died in Edinburgh, Rev. Dr. M‘Lauchlan, minister of St. Columba Free Church, a pre-Disruption minister, and known as an eminent Church historian and Celtic scholar. 22. — The Emperor of Germany enters upon his ninetieth year. In the course of the day His Majesty received messages of congratula- tion from foreign sovereigns, besides several thousands of telegrams from all parts of Ger- many and foreign countries. 23 . — Letters from Liibeck and other Ger- man Baltic ports report the continuance of a most severe winter. The ice in the harbour of Travemiinde could not be broken through ; the neighbouring island of Riigen was united to the Continent, and the ice traversed daily by heavily-laden waggons. The Baltic was frozen as far as the eye could see, and fre- quented by numerous sleighs and and sledges. 24 -.— The Queen laid the foundation-stone of the Medical Examination Hall of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, to be erected on the Thames Embankment, near Waterloo Bridge. 1519 MARCH i SS6 MARCH 25 . — Whilst two foreigners were inspecting diamonds at the premises of Mr. Ta'oak, a diamond merchant in London, they attacked him with a life preserver, and succeeded in stealing ^2,000 worth of his precious ware. — Bishop Bagshawe, of Nottingham, hav- ing issued a warning to his clergy to refuse absolution to Roman Catholics joining the Primrose League, Cardinal Manning issued a counter-pastoral, declaring that the programme of the League included nothing inconsistent with the duties of a true Catholic. — A party of men acting under the orders of Lady Matheson, of Lewis Castle, Storno- way, pulled down certain houses lately built by crofters on their fathers’ lots without the consent of the proprietrix. The work of demolition was accomplished without inter- ruption in several districts, but at Sheshader so threatening was the attitude of the inhabi- tants that the houses were allowed to stand. 26 . — An official return issued showing that out of the ^300,000 voted by Parliament for the relief of General Gordon, the total expen- diture incurred was ^19,179. — Serious rioting in Belgium, especially round Charleroi. The troops were called out to repress the disturbances, which involved the burning of numerous chateaux and the destruction of immense quantities of property. Many of the rioters were shot by the troops, and half a dozen were killed. — Died, aged 81, William Pitt Amherst, third Earl Amherst. 27 . — The resignation of Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. G. Trevelyan of their seats in Mr. Gladstone’s cabinet formally announced. They were succeeded by Mr. Stansfeld and Lord Dalhousie. — Sir Henry Taylor, the well-known dramatist and author, found dead in an arm chair, at his residence in Bournemouth. Sir Henry was born in 1800, and served in the Colonial Office from 1824 to 1872. He wrote “ Isaac Comnenus,” 1827 ; “ Philip van Arte- velde,” 1834 ; “ Edwin the Fair,” 1842 ; “ Notes from Life,” 1848 ; “The Way of the Rich and Great ; ” and other essays and dramas. 28 . — Died, in his London residence, aged 79, the Right Reverend Richard Chenevix Trench, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin, 1864 — 1884. His Grace graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was ordained to a country curacy. He first obtained distinction as the author of several volumes of poetry, and won the interest of the Rev. Samuel Wilberf mce, who, on his promotion to the See of Oxford, appointed him his examining chaplain. On the death of Dr. Buckland he became Dean of Westminster, in 1856, and in 1864 succeeded the late Dr. Whately in the Archiepiscopal See of Dublin. He published several religious 1520 works, “Parables” and “Miracles” among others, but perhaps the best known of all his books is “The Study of Words.” 23 . — Died, aged 61, Captain James T. Wad- dell, commander of the celebrated Confederate cruiser Shenandoah during the American Civil War. 29 . — Publication of two letters from the Queen — one to the Rev. W. W. Tulloch and the other to his mother, Mrs. Tulloch, sympa- thising with them on the death of Principal Tulloch — Her Majesty referred to the late Principal in the most feeling terms, regretting the loss of “a dear and honoured friend,” to whose “words of wisdom and Christian large- heartedness ” she can never again listen. In the letter to Mrs. Tulloch Her Majesty ex- presses her respect and trust for the deceased, whom she eulogised as “a noble, excellent man, so highly-gifted, and large-hearted, and so brave.” — Sir Charles Warren, the newly-ap- pointed Chief Commissioner of the Metro- politan Police, arrives in London from the Soudan. Sir Edmund Henderson’s official connection with the force having now closed, he issues an order thanking officers and men for their past services. 30 . — In the Commons Dr. Cameron moves that in the opinion of the House the Church of Scotland ought to be disestablished and dis- endowed. The Church, he contended, had ceased to fulfil the functions on account of which it had originally received State support. The only effect of State support was to repress private liberality, to promote strife between the Established and other Churches, and to render union between the Presbyterians of Scotland impossible. He had no desire to take away the property contributed by private munificence, or to resume private moneys with- out a generous regard for the life interest of actual incumbents. Dr. Hunter seconded the motion, and during the hon. gentleman’s speech an unsuccessful attempt was made to count out the House. Motion rejected by 237 to 125 votes. — A severe gale passed over England, causing damage over a wide area. A portion of the Liverpool Exhibition building was un- roofed, causing the death of one man, and injury to several others. In North Wales the rain, which fell in torrents, did almost as much damage as the wind ; all along the East Coast the shipping in the harbours and ports suffered severely. 31 . — About fifty Radical members of the House of Commons signed a letter to the Speaker, expressing a hope that some relaxa- tion in the prescribed costume (Court dress) for attending his dinners and levies might be introduced. In reply, the Speaker expressed the hope of meeting them “where Court dress is not the rule.” APRIL 1886 APRIL April l. — “ Reply Post Cards ” for foreign countries in the Postal Union came into use. — Mr. Jesse Codings, Secretary to the Local Government Board, and Mr. H. W. West, Q.C., the Liberal members for Ipswich, unseated for acts of bribery committed by their agents at the General Election. 2 . -^In the Commons, on the motion that the Speaker leave the chair, that the House might go into Committee of Supply, Mr. M‘Laren called attention to the success of the German and other Governments in pushing th* trades of their respective countries in foreign markets in competition with English manufacturers, and urged that the Government ought to consider the desirability of appointing properly qualified diplomatic agents in all foreign capitals or seats of government for the express purpose of promoting the extension of British commerce. The discussion was con- tinued by Mr. Palmer, Mr. Goschen, Lord W. Compton, Mr. Sutherland, and others. Mr. Bryce, Under- Secretary for Foreign Affairs, said the Foreign Office and the Board of Trade were inquiring into this matter, and a minute had been framed addressed to the Commercial Department of the Foreign Office directing that Department to draw up a scheme by which the efficiency of the. Foreign Office and the diplomatic and consular staff might be increased with a view to the promotion of British trade, and with the view of prompt attention being given to the diffusion of infor- mation as to the trade conditions of foreign countries, so as to make them available tor British merchants. Motion negatived without a division. — Great meeting in the Guildhall to pro- test against the proposed Home Rule Bill for Ireland. — Five members of the Board of Aldermen of New York arrested on charges of bribery in connection with the Broadway Railway franchise. 3 . — Intimation made that the Queen had written to Elizabeth Mouat expressing her sympathy with Miss Mouat’s sufferings on board the Columbine, her pleasure on hearing that she is recovering, and intimating a gift of £20. — The Abbe Liszt arrived in England on a visit, and is made the object of numerous marks of respect and admiration from all classes. — The Sheriff at Fort Worth, Texas, broke the railway blockade instituted by the Knights of Labour, and started with a goods train westward. Outside the town a band of strikers tried to hinder his progress ; both sides com- menced firing, resulting in two persons being killed and five wounded. Ultimately the strikers fled, and the road was open to traffic. 5 . — Died, in London, aged 68, Right Hon. William Edward Forster, M.P., a prominent, useful and courageous member of the Liberal party as distinguished from that section pre- pared to support Mr. Gladstone’s impending Home Rule scheme. Son of a Quaker preacher by Anna Buxton, sister of Sir Thomas Fowell, Mr. Forster was brought up as a member of the Society of Friends, but cut himself off from that body on marrying the eldest daughter of Dr. Arnold of Rugby. Sent up to Parliament by Bradford in 1861, Mr. Forster became Under-Secretary for the Colonies in Earl Russell’s Administration, 1865, an( ’ Vice- President of the Committee of Council on Education in 1868. He held this important post during the whole of Mr. Gladstone’s first Administration 1868-74, and in this capacity carried through the gigantic Education scheme of 1870, still justly regarded as one of the most important measures passed during the present generation. In 1880 when Mr. Glad- stone returned to power Mr. Forster accepted the thankless and perilous post of Chief Secre- tary for Ireland under Earl Cowper as Lord Lieutenant. Here, as was proved during the Phoenix Park murder trials, he made various escapes from assassination only by a series of lucky accidents, and finally retired from office with his chief in the spring of 1882, when Mr. Gladstone determined to release Mr. Parnell and his fellow prisoners. Harassed by un- scrupulous political opponents, and thwarted by the Government he served, Mr. Forster had been for many months in such indifferent health as to cause a wide-spread feeling of regret. A funeral service was held in honour of the statesman in Westminster Abbey, but the body itself was laid among kinsmen in his favourite Wharfdale. 6. — Dr. Franz Liszt makes his first public appearance during his present visit to London this evening at the first complete performance in this country of his oratorio “The Legend of St. Elizabeth.” He was cordially received by the audience, and in the entr'acte was pre- sented to the Prince and Princess of Wales. The venerable Abbe visited the Queen at Windsor next day, and played several pieces to the great delight of her Majesty and the Royal circle. — The Dew Chinese Minister to the United States on his arrival at San Francisco is for- bidden by the collector of the port to land until he hail shown the certificate required of all Chinese immigrants. The Minister resented this order, but was not allowed to land until the papers were produced. — Died, aged 81, Rev. Lord Wriothesley Russell, Canon of Windsor, Chaplain-in- Ordinary and Deputy Clerk of the Closet to the Queen. 8. — Current gossip does not fail to record that the “eagerness -with which Mr. Glad- 1521 APRIL 1 88 6 APRIL stone’s statement of his Irish policy is looked forward to may be estimated by the fact that the House of Commons will be opened for members as early as six o’clock this morning. The eagerness to obtain seats was so great that members began to arrive at 5.30 A.M., and upwards of sixty breakfasted at West- minster Palace in order to preserve their places by not quitting the precincts of the House.” The whips of both parties arranged for the postpone nent of all but pressing ques- tions, so that the Prime Minister and Lord Hartington might conclude their speeches before the dinner hour. It appeared to be still undecided what course would be followed by the Opposition, but the general feeling was that the first reading of the Bill would be granted without a division. About twenty minutes past four o’clock Mr. Bright walked up the floor of the House, and took his seat at the corner of the second bench below the gang- way, He was speedily followed by Mr. Goschen, who took his accustomed place in the corner seat on the third bench above the gangway, and a few minutes afterwards Lord Hartington took his seat immediately is front of Mr. Goschen. All these gentlemen, as well as Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, who arrived a few minutes before half-past four, were received with loud cheers, which, however, were com- pletely eclipsed by the magnificent demonstra- tion given to Mr. Gladstone as, punctually at the half-hour, he entered from behind the Speaker’s chair and took his place on the Treasury bench. Many of the Liberal mem- bers above the gangway, all the Radicals below the gangway, and the Parnellites rose to their feet and cheered him vociferously. 8 . — In the Commons Mr. Gladstone moves for leave to introduce his Bill to amend the provision for the future government of Ireland, which proposed to establish a legislative body to sit in Dublin for the conduct of Irish busi- ness. The greatest excitement and interest prevailed in the House which was crowded in every corner. Chairs were placed across the gangway from the bar to the table, and it was stated that such a scene had not been witnessed at Westminster since the famous “No Popery ” riots led by Lord George Gordon. Briefly stated, Mr. Gladstone’s famous proposals were — (1) A legislative body to sit in Dublin and have control of the executive government of Ireland and its legislative business. The Parliament to be composed of two orders, with power in either to demand separate voting, and thus put an absolute veto on a proposal of legislation till the next dissolution, or for a period of three years, (a) The first to consist of 28 Representative Peers and 75 other members elected for ten years by voters having £25 a year qualification, and possessed of a property qualification of £200 per annum. The present 28 Representative Peers to form part of this body at their option, with limited 1522 power of the Crown to fill up vacancies within a defined period. ( b ) The second order to consist of the present 103 university, county and borough members, with the addition of 101 elected for five years. The Irish members to cease to sit at Westminster. (2) The Executive to remain as now for the present, but subject to any changes which might be worked out by the new legislative body. The Viceroy to be assisted by a Privy Council, and not being the representative of any party, would not go out of office with the Govern- ment. The religious disability at present attached to that office to be removed. (3) Law. (a) The Judges of the Superior Court now holding office, who desire it, may demand a retiring pension. In future to hold office during good behaviour ; their salaries to be charged on the Irish Consolidated Fund; to be removable only by a joint address from the two orders of the legislative body ; and ap- pointed under the influence of the responsible Irish Government. An exception is made in the case of the Court of Exchequer. ( b ) The Irish constabulary to remain for the present under the same terms of service and the same authority ; the British Consolidated Fund to contribute to its support anything it might cost in excess of £1,000,000 ; the Irish Legislature, after two years, having the right to fix the charge for the whole police and constabulary of Ireland with a saving of existing rights. The question of the ordinary police is left open, (4) Civil Service. The service in the future to be absolutely under the legislative body. Present civil servants, after two years, to be entitled to claim a discharge on the terms usual when offices are abolished. (5) Finance. (a) Imperial charges. Ireland to contribute one-fifteenth to the public expendi- ture instead of one-twelfth as at present, with the result that the revenue from customs, excise, stamps, income tax, and post office, would amount in future to ,£8,350,000, the charges payable fjr Ireland for army and navy, civil service, constabulary, and sinking fund of the Irish portion of the National Debt would amount to £7,946,000, leaving a surplus of £404,000. (l>) Taxation. The power of taxation to be granted to the new legislative body, with the exception of the Excise and Customs. (6) Securities. To be formulated for — (a) Unity of the Empire. ( b ) Protection of the minority, including landlords, civil ser- vants, and all concerned in the government of the country. ( c ) Protestants. Mr. Gladstone closed at three minutes to eight a speech which had lasted for very nearly three and a half hours. Col. Waring, Mr. Macnaghten, Mr. O’Neil, Sir James Fergusson, and Mr. Walter Long strongly opposed the scheme. M r. Shirley was certain it would commend itself to his constituents in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Mr. Trevelyan said that when he joined the Ministry nothing that the Prime Minister had said or written was at all inconsistent with the APRIL 1 886 APRIL views he held in respect to Ireland. A change, however, had taken place, and he felt he could not stay in the Cabinet, because his doing so would have amounted to a voluntary con- fession that the Liberal party was a Home Rule party. To that, whether inside or out- side the Cabinet, he could never consent. He had unsuccessfully endeavoured to prevent the Cabinet from identifying itself with what he could not but regard as neither to the credit nor the welfare of the country. After criti- cising Mr. Gladstone’s proposals at some length, he sketched an alternative scheme which he believed would have commended itself to the great majority of the House. Mr. Parnell believed that the measure would be cheerfully accepted by the Irish people as a satisfactory solution of a long-standing dis- pute. On the motion of Mr. Chamberlain, the debate was adjourned, and the House rose at a quarter to one o’clock. 8. — The Home Rule argument, for and against, came naturally to be expressed briefly thus — (i) That the only practical method of governing Ireland peaceably is to allow her to manage her own affairs ; (2) That self-govern- ment has answered in the Colonies, and would answer in Ireland ; (3) That Home Rule in Ireland would leave the English Parliament free for English business ; (4) That the relaxa- tion of the legal union would draw closer the bonds of sentimental union; (5) That the re- strictions and safeguards of Mr. Gladstone’s Bill could be maintained. On the other side it was argued : (1) That the method of ruling Ireland by steady and just administration has never yet been fairly tried ; that there are now few Irish grievances to remedy ; that the pro- mised peace of Ireland left to herself is nega- tived by every indication of mutual class, religious, and race hatreds, and that the very mention of Home Rule made Ulster prepare for civil war. (2) That Home Rule is demanded merely that the weaker may be handed over to the stronger, and that the necessary inter- ference of England at a later stage would involve the reconquest of Ireland. (3) That the self-governing Colonies were well affected towards England when granted Home Rule, whereas Ireland is disaffected. (4) That the English Parliament can find other ways of freeing itself from obstruction than the grant- ing of Home Rule ; and (5) That the restrictions and safeguards of Mr. Gladstone’s scheme would either be so much waste paper or be made the subject of fresh agitation. Besides, it was pointed out that Ireland’s place in the empire is one of diminishing significance. When Grattan’s Parliament was granted, the population of Ireland was about half as large as that of England and Wales, and the propor- tion was not much less than 1 to 2 of the rest of the United Kingdom in 1801. In 1841 it was still more than 8 to 19 ; but now it is barely 5 to 31, or less than 1 to 6. It was also urged that Irish disaffection is not of home growth, but is fostered and paid for by the American Irish. Since the great Irish famine, emigration has made these a potent factor in the world’s politics ; but emigration is lessening, the U nited States are growing, and in less than a genera- tion the Irish Americans will be merged in the great body of American citizens. These, among other reasons, gave force to the argument for patience and firmness used by the Gladston- ian dissentients, who afterwards came to be known as Unionists, in distinction to Separatists. 9 . — In the Commons Mr. Chamberlain re- sumed the debate on the Home Rule Bill, and explained the reasons for his withdrawal from the Government. He had felt compelled to sever himself from the Government because he did not think the scheme submitted to the House contained the limitations which the Prime Minister had declared himself deter- mined to preserve. He had understood that the Bill was to be prepared in consultation with all the other members of the Cabinet ; but the fact was the Bill had not been men- tioned in the Cabinet until the 13th March, and then it had been brought forward in con- nection with a scheme of land purchase, in- volving the issue of ^150,000,000 of Consols. At this stage Mr. Gladstone intervened, and said the permission obtained from Her Majesty did not relate to a subject on which the deci- sion of the Cabinet had not been taken, and which had not been publicly explained. Mr. Chamberlain, proceeding, said he objected, not to one portion of the scheme, but to it as a whole, and he was averse to laying on the British taxpayer the tremendous liability of any scheme introduced as a bribe to the Irish land- lords to modify their hostility to Home Rule without giving evidence of a considerable ad- vantage to the Irish tenants. For his own part, he would continue the inquiry into the Irish demand for Home Rule, but he would carry it on no longer by a single individual, however colossal his intelligence, or by a single party, however influential it might be, but he would strive to carry it on with the assistance and co-operation of all parties in the House. The debate was continued by Mr. Healy, Mr. W. S. Allen, Sir John Lubbock, and Mr. Wm. Johnston, the last named declaring that the dictates of an Irish Parliament would be resisted by the people of Ulster at the point of the bayonet. Lord Hartington detailed the reasons which prevented him joining Mr. Glad- stone’s Administration, and said that he and others were at the time convinced that the task to which the Prime Minister had addressed him- self was absolutely impossible. The country, he declared, had not received sufficient warning of a gigantic scheme of this nature, and he pro- tested against the moral competence — he ad- mitted the constitutional competence — of this Parliament to initiate legislation such as that which had been unfolded by the Prime Minis- ter. Mr. John Morley followed, and the debate 1523 APRIL 1886 APRIL was adjourned on the motion of Lord R. Churchill. IO. — The Socialist trial brought to a close at the Old Bailey.- After half-an-hour’s de- liberation the jury returned a verdict of not guilty, but strongly condemned the inflamma- tory language of Champion and Burns, and expressed an opinion that the prosecution had been rightly instituted. — At a meeting of pit-brow women held near Wigan, a resolution was adopted protest- ing against any legislation brought forward with the intention of prohibiting the continued employment of women at the pit-head. The meeting was addressed by several local clergy- men, and by Mr. Samuel Woods, miners’ agent at Ashton. — The sale of the extensive collection of pictures belonging to the late Mr. W. Graham, formerly M.P. for Glasgow, is brought to a close at Messrs. Christie, Manson & Wood’s, London. The three days’ sale of old masters realised ^22,410, which, with the proceeds of the modern pictures sold the week before, amounted to a total for the collection of ^68,182. — The Villemomble trial, which excited much attention in Paris last week, is brought to a close. Euphrasie Mereier, the prisoner, was accused of the murder of Mdlle. Elodie Menetret, and of getting hold of her property by means of a series of forgeries. Mdlle. Menetret, who was a middle-aged lady, made Mercier’s acquaintance some time ago, and took her to reside at her villa in Villemomble. After the lapse of a few months Mdlle. Mene- tret disappeared. Euphrasie, by means of forged powers of attorney, sold most of the Menetret property, and became the owner of the house. • She said Mdlle. Menetret had gone to a convent in Luxembourg, but the theory of the prosecution was that she had murdered her friend, cut up her body, burned it. and buried the ashes in a deep hole which she herself dug in a flower garden. She was found guilty, and sentenced to twenty years’ imprisonment. 12. — In the Commons Lord Randolph Churchill resumed the adjourned debate on the Prime Minister’s Irish proposals. The scheme before the House, he said, involved such a com- plicated mass of contradictions and absurdities that if it had not been proposed on the high authority of Mr. Gladstone it would not for one moment have been seriously considered. He criticised several of the most important provisions, and stated that, though the Oppo- sition would not divide on the motion for leave to bring in the Bill, he would, at a later stage, give his vote against a most desperate and mistaken measure. Sir Charles Russell ad- mitted that the scheme largely modified the legislative connection between Great Britain and Ireland, but denied that it repealed the LS24 Union. In the debate which followed Mr. Burt, Mr. Bradlaugh, and Mr. Whitbread spoke in support of the Bill, and Mr. Finch Hatton, Mr. Jennings, Major Saunderson, and Mr. Gibson against it. The debate was ad- journed a little before one o’clock on the motion of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Up to this evening seven Liberals and two Home Rulers supported and twelve Con- servatives and five Liberals opposed the measure. 12. — The trial of Mrs. Bartlett and the Rev. Mr. Dyson on a charge of causing the death of the former’s husband by the adminis- tration of chloroform on New-Year’s Day began at the Old Bailey, before Mr. Justice Wills. After the jury had been sworn, the accused pleaded not guilty, and the Attorney- General stated that the Crown had come to the conclusion that there was no case against the Rev. Mr. Dyson, and asked for his dis- charge. In accordance with the direction of the judge, the jury returned a verdict of not guilty, and Mr. Dyson was discharged. Mr. Bartlett’s father and other witnesses were ex- amined, after which the trial was adjourned. 13 . — The Home Rule debate resumed in the Commons by Sir W. Harcourt, who re- viewed the alternative proposals of the oppo- nents of the measure, and argued that coercion was the only alternative possible, and that coercion could only be carried out by a strong and harmonious Government, supported by an overwhelming majority in the House and in the country. The peace and good-will of Ireland were worth purchasing at some risk, and if the Irish proved themselves unfit for the trust confided to them, this country had the power to resume the reins of government. Mr. Goschen criticised the measure in great detail. They had been asked to consider the effect if this Bill were rejected that would be produced on English-speaking communities abroad. He had also considered the effect of surrender to 86 members, or to Irish- Ameri- cans, or to Parliamentary incapacity, and that effect would be that the whole world would know we were no longer able to cope with resistance if resistance were offered. In the course of the debate Sir M. Hicks-Beach declared that the .result of the failure of this scheme of Home Rule would not be coercion, but civil war. Mr. Gladstone replied on the debate. He had not provided safeguards be- cause he distrusted the Irish members, but because others did so. It had been reported that he held the assumption of the Customs and Excise by this country and the exclusion of Irish members from the House to be vital and essential conditions of the Bill. That, however, was not the case, and he was pre- pared to reconsider his proposals on the latter point. The Bill was afterwards introduced and read a fir t time, and the second reading fixed for 6th May. APRIL 886 APRIL 13. — The Earl of Shaftesbury commitssuicide in London under circumstances of a distressing nature. His lordship engaged a cab in Regent Street, and directed the cabman to drive to the foot of the thoroughfare. On reaching the end of the street he told the man to return, and then again ordered the cab to be turned round. After driving about for some time the cabman, hearing a shot, came down from his seat and inquired what was wrong, but was persuaded by the earl to remount. This he was in the act of doing when another shot was fired, and on again coming down he found the earl bleed- ing from a wound in the temple. His lordship was at once conveyed to the Middlesex Hos- pital, where he expired in a few minutes, the bullet having penetrated his brain. Lord Shaftesbury, who was fifty-five years of age, only succeeded to the title in October last on the death of his father, the well-known philanthropist. — Mr. James Gillott, reporter of a London sporting paper, fatally stabbed with a penknife in an hotel at Sheffield by one of two men who took possession of Mr. Gillott’s bedroom and had to be removed by force. (See May 14th.) — Judgment for ^1,500 damages given in an action raised by Mr. Fred. Ginnet, circus proprietor, against the proprietor of the Pall Mall Gazette for libel contained in a letter pub- lished by the defendant, in which cruelty towards juvenile acrobats trained in plaintiff’s service was implied. 14 . — Great and enthusiastic meeting in Her Majesty’s Opera House, London, to uphold the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland. Earl Cowper presided. Lord Hart- ington moved a resolution expressing the opinion that any proposals tending to invali- date the legislative union between Great Britain and Ireland would prove disastrous to the interests of both countries. He said no justification was required for his presence at such a meeting, as the crisis in which the country now found itself was one which re- quired the co-operation of all who felt strongly in the matter. If this question held the field, as Mr. Gladstone said it did, all were bound to take their part, and act with those with whose opinions they were most in accord. He objected first of all to Mr. Gladstone’s pro- posals, because they had not been submitted to, and had not received the sanction of, the country. He also objected to the measure on account of the reasons by which it had been supported. What it was proposed to concede was not the limit of the Irish demand, and what warrant was there that in the event of failure the Irish members would not explain it was due to the restrictions by which the measure was sur- rounded, and demand their removal. He ob- jected to the proposals because they invalidated the legislative Union. He was not so sure that the magic words “self-government” wcfuld prove a remedy to all evils that existed in Ireland, for he failed to discover in the teaching of the Irish leaders any surety for respect for the lav/ and the rights of others. Mr. Peter Rylands, M.P., seconded, and Earl Fife supported the resolution, which was car- ried amid loud cheers, with only some half- dozen dissentients. The Marquis of Salisbury moved a resolution to the effect that a petition embodying the foregoing resolution be pre- sented to both Houses of Parliament. He said no apology was needed for men of different parties sinking differences in defence of the empire at the time of emergency. He doubted whether the animosities of divided Irish sec- tions would be appeased by the Government Bill, which he characterised as an ignominious surrender that must weaken the whole empire. He apprehended nothing short of absolute separation from that proposal, and denied that fiscal freedom could be given to Ireland con- sistently with Imperial unity. Moreover, the rights of minorities could not be assured if the Bill were passed. Federation had been sug- gested, but the examples mentioned were not analogous to the present case, while the instance of Turkey and her European provinces afforded a warning to England. The great capitulation proposed to be made would have the effect of confronting the country with disasters to which nothing in its past history could compare. Its enemies would view it with sinister exultation, and its friends with shame, confusion, and de- spair. Mr. Goschen, who followed, seconded the motion, and strongly protested against the separatist tendency of the Prime Minister’s measure, denying that those who thought with him meant distrust of the Irish people by anxiety for means to preserve order in Ireland and unity in the empire. Motion carried. 14 . — At a special annual meeting the Social Science Association was formally dissolved. — Lord Randolph Churchill, speaking at a dinner of the Beaconsfield Club in London, reviewed the former political connection be- tween Lord Hartington and Mr. Gladstone, and between Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. Morley, and traced their disseverance to the policy of Mr. Gladstone in regard to Ireland, which he declared, using the w r ords of Mr. Morley, had pulverised the Liberal party. That party was kept on its legs by the strangest and most unwonted allies. If Mr. Gladstone would take the question to the country, as he (Lord Randolph) hoped he would, or if the Prime Minister were to retire, that policy would dis- appear wi'h him. The political life of England was being poisoned and paralysed by the malignant ascendency of one man. It was utterly impossible to define a method for giving Home Rule to Ireland which would still main- tain the unity and integrity of the empire. — Earl Granville spoke at a dinner at the National Liberal Club, and said he had be- come convinced that it would be a grave error to give any measure not fully acceptable to the 1525 APRIL 8 86 APRIL great majority of the Irish people, and he had been largely influenced by the opinions of Lord Spencer, who had come to the conclusion that there were only two alternatives — either to use repression or to give some large measure, such as that which had been submitted to Par- liament. 15 . — In the Commons the Speaker intimates the resignation of Sir Thomas Erskine May, after having been in the service of the House for upwards of 54 years, of which the last 30 had been passed at the table. Mr. Gladstone gave notice that he would move a vote of thanks to Sir T. Erskine May on his resigna- tion. — The Chancellor of the Exchequer intro- duces the Budget. The revenue for the past year was less than the estimate by ,£1,208,699 ; the actual expenditure was >£1,393,327 less than the estimate ; and there was a deficit upon the year of ^2,642,543. With regard to the ensuing year, the Chancellor of the Exchequer anticipated a deficit of rather more than ,£500,000. He also proposed to exempt cottage brewers from the tax of 4^. for licences, at a loss of £16,000. To meet the deficit, he pro- posed to take £8 18, 000 from the Sinking Fund, which would give a surplus of rather more than £250,000, after providing for an estimated expenditure of £89,020,321. — A daring and thoroughly organised attempt to burn Mandalay is made to-day by bands of men sent by the Myinzaing Prince. The town was fired in four and the walled city in two places. Some hundreds of houses were de- stroyed, and though the incendiaries were pursued by the police few of them were cap- tured. While the town was burning, 300 of the Prince’s men attacked Yankeen Toung, three miles from Mandalay, but were repulsed with fifteen killed and many wounded. A force of two hundred men under Captain Wace have had a severe encounter with the rebels near Bhamo, and were obliged to retreat. Re- inforcements have, however, been sent forward. — In the Commons Mr. John Morley stated that Government had not arrived at any decision regarding the renewal of the Peace Preservation Act, but its chief use, he con- tinued, if renewed, would be to prevent armed gatherings in the North of Ireland. — Died, aged 74, Right Rev. Henry Cotterill, D.D., Scottish Episcopal Bishop of Edinburgh. 16 . — Mr. Gladstone introduces his new Irish Land Purchase Bill, the principal and most immediate objects of which, he said, were the landlords, and he had to ask the House of Commons to make a great, a serious, and con- siderable effort. The argument he had to make divided itself into three heads — Why the land question of Ireland should be settled, and why it should not be dealt with by the organ he 1526 had asked Parliament to call into existence ; Why Great Britain should be encumbered with it ; and, Are we to run pecuniary risks on the part of the English and the Scotch people for the purpose of meeting this Irish want ? The whole necessity for such a measure had been brought about by agrarian crime produced by oppression for which this country was largely responsible, for it had placed the landlords in Ireland and kept them there. The measure contemplated the issuing of fifty millions of new 3 per cent, stock for the purpose of buying up the estates of those landlords who were willing to sell their lands at a cost of from 20 to 25 years’ purchase at the net value of the judicial rent, after making deductions on account of public burdens, rates, law charges, bad debts, and cost of management. The Bill would come into effect at the same time as the Government of Ireland Bill, and the legislative body in Dublin would appoint a State authority to take charge of the transactions. The issue of the stock would extend over a period of four years, and the rents would be collected by a Receiver-General, appointed by the British authority. — Mr. Chamberlain read a letter which he had addressed to Mr. Gladstone on his retirement from the Cabinet. In it he stated that Mr. Gladstone’s scheme, while con- templating only a trifling reduction of judicial rents fixed before the recent fall in prices, would commit the British taxpayer to tremendous obligations, accompanied, in his opinion, with serious risk of ultimate loss. The greater part of the land of Ireland would be handed over to a new Irish elective authority, who would at once be the landlords and the delegates of the Irish tenants, and he feared that these two capacities would be found inconsistent, and that the tenants, unable or unwilling to pay the rents demanded, would speedily elect an authority pledged to give them relief, and seek to recoup themselves by an early repudia- tion of what would be described as English tribute. He considered Mr. Gladstone’s scheme as tantamount to a proposal for separation, and even worse, for it would set up an unstable and temporary form of government, which would be a source of perpetual irritation and agitation until the full demand of the National- ist party were conceded. Under all these circumstances he had found it impossible to remain longer in the Cabinet, and he asked Mr. Gladstone to submit his resignation to Her Majesty. After some discussion leave was given to introduce the Bill, and the second reading fixed for Thursday, 13th May. 16 . — On the motion of Mr. Gladstone, seconded by Sir Michael Hicks Beach, the House awarded Sir Thomas Erskine May a cordial vote of thanks on his retirement from the position of Clerk of Parliaments. — Died, aged 88, Sampson Low, founder of the well-known publishing firm of Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington. APRIL 1 886 APRIL 17 . — The Pimlico poisoning case brought to a close at the Central Criminal Court. After the Attorney-General had addressed the jury, Mr. Justice Wills summed up, and spoke very severely of the conduct of the Rev. Mr. Dyson. The jury, after over two hours’ de- liberation, brought in a verdict of not guilty, premising, however, that the gravest suspicion attached to the prisoner, Mrs. Bartlett, but there was not sufficient evidence to show by whom the chloroform was administered. — The town of Stry, near Lemberg, in Galicia, almost totally destroyed by fire. Over a hundred lives lost, and 15,000 people rendered homeless. 19 . — Parliament adjourns for the Easter recess, till 3rd May. — Under authority from the Lords of the Treasury the experimental cultivation of tobacco is to be permitted in the United Kingdom. Any occupier of land intending to plant tobacco must, on or before the 5th May, give notice to the Secretary of Inland Revenue, Somerset House, setting forth the extent of the land to be planted, and the place, parish, and county where situate. Bond under ap- proved securities will be required in a penalty of ,£100 if over an acre of ground is cultivated, and £$0 if under an acre, in order to secure that all tobacco grown and gathered shall be removed to drying-rooms and kept there until properly cured, when it shall be packed in bags, bales, or casks of an approved size, and must then be weighed by a revenue officer. After weighing the packages the duty must be paid, or the tobacco be deposited in an approved Customs or Excise warehouse. — “Primrose Day” celebrated with great enthusiasm in various parts of the country. The Queen sent two wreaths, one of primroses and one of immortelles, to be placed on Lord Beaconsfield’s grave at Hughenden. — Assassination of the Bishop of Madrid on the steps of San Isidro. — Disastrous floods at Montreal, arising from an ice block ; damage estimated at from five to six millions of dollars. 20. — A large number of meetings, both for and against the Irish Bills introduced by the Government, held throughout the country. The Irish National League met in Dublin, when the Lord Mayor, who presided, said he did not regard the Home Rule Bill as the ideal measure of Irish nationality, but it con- tained such terms as Ireland might accept with honour. For whatever might follow the defeat of the bill the Irish leaders would not hold themselves responsible. — The Abbe Liszt terminates his brief visit to England. — Maharajah Dhuleep Singh, who had left England with the intention of taking up his residence in India, was informed, on his arrival at Aden, that the Government would not permit his stay elsewhere than in the Madras Presidency. 20. — Died, on board the Chusart , at Aden, aged 32, Hon. Lionel Tennyson, son of the Poet Laureate, from whom he inherited much literary ability. 21. — Mr. Chamberlain, addressing the Bir- mingham Liberal Association, said that no settlement of the Irish question would be per- manent that did not satisfy the demands of Mr. Parnell for legislative independence. The Home Rule Bill would be accepted with its. present restrictions as only an instalment towards complete separation. As to the Land Purchase Bill, he was convinced on reflection that Mr. Gladstone’s reduction of the amount, of consols to be issued to ^50,000,000 was illusory, and that ultimately the amount must be ^150, 000, 000. He was afraid his opposi- tion to the Land Purchase Bill could not be met. The Bill was a^.bad one, and he would sooner give up politics than pledge the future capital and earnings of the. country in order to gratify the Irish proprietors. His opposition to the Home Rule. Bill was conditional. His objections would disappear if the representa- tion of Ireland at W estminster were maintained, and he would be glad to concede to Ulster a separate assembly. — A demonstration takes place in New- castle in support of the Irish proposals, at which the chief speakers were Earl Spencer and Mr. John Morley. Earl Spencer, in the course of his remarks, said Mr. Gladstone had taken a new departure in Irish politics. He had arrived at the junction of two roads — one of coercion and one of reliance in the Irish people. He had rightly chosen to follow the latter, and he (the speaker) believed the Government would have the support of the English people. There would be no risk, he contended, to the English taxpayer, because ample security was given in the retention of Excise and Customs dues. He did not believe separation was re- quired, and he hoped a measure which would restore peace would pass. Mr. Morley said the rejection of the scheme would be to play into the hands of those who did not want peace. Mr. Gladstone had placed the problem fully in the front. It was not a question of to be or not to be, but when it was to be, and he urged that, while the scheme was capable of amendment, the principle of it ought to commend itself to the people of this country. — A large and influential meeting of citizens of all shades of political opinion is held in the St. Andrew’s Hall, Glasgow, to protest against the proposed Irish legislation of Mr. Gladstone. His Grace the Duke of Argyll was the princi- pal speaker. He objected to the threatened disruption of the United Kingdom on two grounds — first as regarded the circumstances, I5 2 7 A PR/L 1886 APRIL and secondly as regarded the measures sub- mitted. lie had a perfect belief in the reality of the juvenile enthusiasms of Mr. Gladstone, but as in religion no one could come between a man and his Maker, so in the great course of human affairs a man was bound to no leader. The present crisis transcended all party ; and had these Bills been proposed by his own father, could all the most sacred relations of human life be rolled into one in their support, he would have rebelled against them. As to the circumstances in which the question had been raised, his complaint was not that the measure was not before the country at the general election, but that it was before the country, and that the electors had been de- ceived, bamboozled, and taken aback by the Prime Minister. Up to the last election Mr. Gladstone preached, wherever he had occasion, that the Parnellite party was not a national party in Ireland, that it aimed at rapine, .social confusion, and robbery ; and yet that was the party to which he now wished to hand over the government of that country. The effect of the Bill, if passed, would inevitably be to divide the United Kingdom, and ultimately to ruin the empire, for the limitations and securi- ties Mr. Gladstone had invented were not worth the paper they were written upon. 22 . — A crowded meeting held in St. James’s Hall, Piccadilly, this evening, in support of the Irish policy of the Government. Mr. Labou- chere, M. P., who presided, said that we had ruled Ireland by such abominable and cruel laws that, if they had been applied to England, they would have led to a revolution. He was convinced Mr. Gladstone would be victorious in the course upon which he had embarked, and he thought that those who raised the cry of the disruption of the empire were afraid in reality of the spirit of democracy. On the motion of Mr. George Howell, M.P., seconded by Mr. Joseph Leicester, M.P., a resolution was adopted expressing a hope that the Prime Minister’s Bill would become law with such modifications as would place it still more completely in harmony with Radical desires. Among the other speakers were Mr. Harry Lawson, M. P. ; Mr. Bernard Coleridge, M.P. ; and Mr. Bradlaugh. M.P. — Decision given in the Board of Trade inquiry into the sinking of the Oregon , which had been in progress at Liverpool since the 16th. The Court found that, as the weather was bright and clear at the time of the disaster, if a good lookout had been kept on the Oregon the schooner which collided with her would undoubtedly have been seen sooner than she was, but except in regard to this the vessel was navigated in every way in a proper manner. No blame attached to the captain or fourth officer, but the Court was of opinion that the chief officer was responsible for the casualty. His fault was not however one of culpable negligence, and they decided not to deal with his certificate. 1528 23 . — Lord Selborne expresses, with con- siderable fulness and emphasis, his views on the Irish proposals of the Government. His lordship held it must be an indispensable con- dition of any form of Home Rule that there should be some real security for the lives, liberties, and properties of all the Queen’s loyal subjects — landlords as well as peasants, Protestants as well as Roman Catholics. To abandon the classes most attached to British connection, and leave them to the risk of con- fiscation and proscription by their avowed enemies, while maintaining the nominal supre- macy of Great Britain, would be the lowest depth of dishonour. 24 . — Several thousand excursionists hold a demonstration in Hawarden Park, and pass resolutions approving of the Irish Bills. The Premier and Mrs. Gladstone afterwards drove through the park, and were enthusiastically cheered by the crowd. . — Cardiff Savings Bank suspends payment, extensive irregularities having been discovered in the accounts of the late actuary, J. E. Williams, who died in March last. The total sum of the defalcations, which had been going on for six or seven years, was believed to be not less than ^20,000, and it was anticipated that the depositors would lose about half-a- crown in the pound. 25 . — News received at Rome of the mas- sacre of Italian Scientific Expedition under Count Porro, by the Ameer of Harrar in the Pomali country. 23 . — Ultimatum presented to the Greek Government, calling upon it to promise dis- armament within a week. — Died, aged 86, Duncan McLaren, formerly M.P. for Edinburgh, where he had also filled the various offices of Bailie, Treasurer, and Lord Provost. 27 . — Died, aged 71, Thomas Edwards, the Banff naturalist, a shoemaker by trade. — Died in Manchester, aged 78, Profes- sor Theodores, Emeritus Professor of Owens College and Victoria University ; one of the most accomplished Oriental scholars of his day. 28 . — Fire in the Three Compasses Tavern, Beak Street, Golden Square, London, this morning. The premises were almost entirely destroyed. Two men were burned to death, and one man was killed by jumping from a second-floor window. — The new Chinese Envoy and suite arrived in London. 30 . — Lord Hartington and Mr. Goschen address a crowded meeting at Edinburgh in opposition to the Irish policy of the Govern- ment. Lord Hartington claimed for the Liberal party the right to form an independent judg- APRIL 1886 MAY ment upon the subject, and said the opportunity of doing so had not been afforded them. The scheme would lead, in his belief, to endless con- flict and contest, and could not possibly lead to good government in Ireland. The financial arrangements were without parallel in history, and the whole scheme would be an injustice to the minority, especially the Protestant minority. Mr. Goschen vigorously denounced the scheme of Mr. Gladstone. Mr. John Morley addressed a meeting in Glasgow, at which he referred in detail to the objections urged against the proposals, and defended the action of the Prime Minister in formulating and bringing them forward. At Exeter, Lord Iddesleigh said he believed the measures would destroy all confidence, and that the country would be handed over to chaos, and he considered it monstrous that the Prime Minister should disturb with such matters the new constituencies he himself had created. The Marquis of Ripon was entertained to dinner by the Manchester Reform Club, and, speaking of the Irish question, denied that the policy of the Government was anything but in accordance with the declarations Mr. Gladstone had made at the general election. lie said he had every confidence in the result of the appeal which the Premier was now making. May 1 . — In a letter from Hawarden, ad- dressed to his Midlothian constituents, Mr. Gladstone expressed his regret at not being able to take an active part in the campaign of the Easter recess. Mr. Gladstone wrote : ‘ ‘ Age grows upon me, and I am obliged to reserve my limited power of voice for any effort which may be required in the House of Commons. I therefore use my pen to revert to the subject which I opened in my address to you of last September.” His new measure, he said, “coulcl not have met with the warm approval of the country unless it had been felt that the principle of local autonomy or Home Rule for Ireland is reason- able ; and that the demands of Imperial unity have at least been carefully studied.” He laid great stress upon the favour with which the bill had been received throughout the world. “ In extending our view beyond our shores, we sometimes obtain valuable aid towards the conduct of our affairs from opinions formed in other countries upon great internal questions of our own, which they often view with a frank goodwill lifted entirely above the level of any sectional or local prejudice. Naturally we look with the greatest interest to the sentiments of that vast British and Irish public, which has already passed beyond one hundred millions, and which spreads with a rapidity unabated from year to year over some of the widest spaces of the globe. From public meetings and' from the highest authorities in the colonies and America, from capitals such as Washing- ton, Boston, and Quebec, and from remote districts lying beyond the reach of all ordinary political excitement, I receive conclusive as- surances that the kindred peoples regard with warm and fraternal sympathy our present effort to settle on an adequate scale, and once for all, the long-vexed and troubled relations between Great Britain and Ireland; which exhibits to us the one and only conspicuous failure of the political genius of our race to confront and master difficulty, and to obtain in a reasonable degree the main ends of civilised life. We must not be discouraged if at home, and particularly in the upper ranks of society, we hear a variety of discordant notes, notes alike discordant from our policy and from one another. Gentlemen, you have before you a Cabinet determined in its purpose and an in- telligible plan. I own I see very little else in the political arena that is determined or that is intelligible.” 1. — New Parcel- Post rates came into force. — Speaking at a Liberal demonstration in Paisley, Mr. Goschen severely criticised Mr. Morley’s utterances in Glasgow on the previous evening, and charged him with having answered assertions that had never been made. He dwelt particularly on the financial ques- tion involved in the Government proposals, and said the scheme would ruin Ireland. Should more than 50 millions be required, as he believed it would, it was unfair to the taxpayers of the United Kingdom. — May-day celebrated, under the auspices of Mr. Ruskin, by a grand ceremony at the Whitelands Training College, Chelsea ; and at Knutsford, Cheshire, by the crowning of a May Queen. 2. — Died, aged 80, the Right Hon. John Thomas Freeman Mitford, Earl of Redesdale, Chairman of Committees, and Deputy- Speaker of the House of Lords since 1851. Deceased was never married, and the title became extinct. 3. — Sir Charles Dilke addressed a large meeting of the Liberal electors of Chelsea, whom he had invited to hear a public state- ment with reference to the divorce case to which he had been a party. A unani- mous vote of confidence and sympathy was passed. — At Leeds, Earl Spencer said he sup- ported the Ministerial policy, because he considered it was the only policy left for the interest and contentment of Ireland. He denied anything was being done to break down the Union — on the contrary, they were taking the strongest measures they could to strengthen that Union, and he believed that would be the effect of the present measure. — An agreement arrived at between Great Britain and Germany fixing their respective spheres of action in the Western Pacific. The line of demarcation starts from a point on the eighth parallel of south latitude, crosses I5 2 9 MAY 1886 MA V the Solomon Islands, and passes in a north- easterly direction towards Marshall Islands. An arrangement also was made by the two countries for mutual freedom of trade in their possessions, and for protectorates in that quarter of the globe. A-. — Her Majesty the Queen opened the Colonial and Indian Exhibition at South Kensington in State to-day in the presence of a great concourse. The Prince of Wales made a statement on behalf of the Royal Commis- sioners, after which the Queen expressed her satisfaction at the collection and arrangement of the exhibits from all parts of the empire, and said it would have been particularly gratify- ing to the late Prince Consort, had he survived, to have witnessed such a development of the idea he had originated in the exhibition of 1851. — Bursting of a 43-ton gun on board the Collingwood. 5 . — Socialist riots at Chicago ; several policemen killed. — Died, aged 73, John Miles, for many years senior partner in the historic firm of Simpkin.&. Marshall, of Stationers’ Hall Court. 6. — Prince Albert Victor of Wales opened the International Exhibition at Edinburgh. — The Grand Theatre at Derby totally destroyed by fire ; two of the actors fatally injured. 7. — The Dominion House of Commons, after a protracted debate on Mr. Gladstone’s Home Rule policy, which began on the 6th and lasted until five o’clock this morning, agreed by 140 votes to 8- to adopt a resolution expressing the hope that some measure will be adopted satisfactory to the people of Ireland, for preserving the integrity of the empire and the rights and status of the minority. — According to a return presented to Par- liament, it appeared that in the 66 contested elections held at the General Election in Ire- land, out of 450,906 voters 92,822 were returned as illiterate. — Duel between M. Rochefort and M. Portalis ; four shots exchanged without effect. 8. — The Prince of Wales presides at the opening festival of the Gordon Boys’ Home, in the Criterion. During the evening about ^5,000 was collected, in addition to subscrip- tions of £ 200 from the Queen, £ico from Plis Royal Highness, and a second gift of ^5,000 from an unknown lady. Accommodation was to be provided for 160 boys. — Philip Gosset, late managing director of the Jersey Banking Company, sentenced to live years’ penal servitude for appropriating nearly £30,000 of public money. IO. — In moving the second reading of his Home Rule Bill, Mr. Gladstone said the great and urgent necessity of the case required a | 1530 sti-ong and adequate application, and the only question was whether the application proposed by the Government was the right one. Since the introduction of the Bill the exclusion of the Irish members from the Imperial Parlia- ment had been objected to, on the ground that there ought not to be taxation without repre- sentation, and also because of constitutional grounds in respect of taxation. It was the belief of those who had drawn up the Bill that it might be right in the probable event of a great war for the Crown to send a message to the Irish Legislature asking them to partici- pate in our interests by giving a vote for it, and they were further willing to provide that when there was a proposal to alter the taxa- tion of Ireland, the Irish members should have an opportunity of appearing in the House of Commons to take their share in the discussion. The Government were willing also that a joint Commission of the members of the British Parliament and of the Irish Legislature should be appointed to consider and report on the many Imperial questions that were reserved by the Bill as it stood. They had not decided definitely in what numbers the Irish members should return — that was not a vital point — but in his opinion, if it were desirable that the Irish members should re-appear, it should be in their present force, and subject to certain conditions ; it was not intended that such return should impose upon the Irish Legisla- tive body any infringements of its liberty in other matters. In conclusion, the Prime Minister asked that Lord Hartington, since he proposed moving the rejection of this measure, should place definitely before the House what alternative scheme he would substitute for it. Lord Hartington moved that the Bill be read a second time that day six months. The representatives of the country, he contended, had not had an oppor- tunity to form a judgment on the subject. The measure was a mischievous measure — one which did not conform to the essential conditions laid down by the Prime Minister himself ; one that was not a final settlement of the question, and one which contained nothing specific to com- mend it to Liberal principles. It was impos- sible to formulate an alternative policy at the present moment. That must depend on the course taken by the Irish people and their leaders ; but if the agitation were conducted on constitutional lines, there was no reason why there should not be an extension of local self-government, which he regarded as a more sound and statesman-like scheme than that proposed by the Government. The debate was continued by Mr. O’Brien, Mr. B. Flet- cher, and Mr. Jordan, who supported, and by Mr. Hoare, Mr. A. hmead-Bartlett, Lord Ebrington, and Mr. C. Lewis, who opposed the Bill. On the motion of Sir Henry James the debate was adjourned. 11. — The Queen, accompanied by the Duke of Connaught and Prince and Princess Henry a/a y 1 886 MAY of Battenberg, arrives in Liverpool this morn- ing to open the International Exhibition. Notwithstanding the early hour and the fact that the weather was dull and raw, a large concourse of people assembled in the vicinity of the station and loudly cheered the Royal party, who at once drove to Newsham House, where Her Majesty rested till close upon the hour fixed for opening the Exhibition. The ceremony was opened by the presentation of an address of welcome to Her Majesty by the Mayor, Alderman D. Radcliffe, to which the Queen read a reply, expressing kindly in- terest in the Exhibition, and wishes for its success. The Queen was then presented with a gold key, with which she turned a lock, upon which simultaneously the large doors of the building flew open, and Lord Granville pro- nounced the Exhibition open. At this point an interesting and pleasing incident took place, all the more so as it was quite unexpected. It was arranged that Her Majesty should have left the dais immediately after the opening ceremony, but to the surprise of all she re- mained, and asked to be supplied with a sword, and on this being provided, beckoned the Mayor to approach, and conferred the honour of knighthood upon him, amid ringing cheers. The Royal party then returned to Newsham House, again receiving mani- festations of good-will throughout the whole journey. 11. — In the Commons, Sir J. Pease moves to abolish the death penalty for murder. Mr. Vincent advocated an alternative plan of divid- ing capital offences into three classes, and the appointment of a public executioner. Sir W. Harcourt declined to accept either motion or amendment, and after further discussion both were negatived, the amendment without a division, and the motion by 117 to 62. — Died, in New Jersey, United States, aged 69, Dr. Isadore Kalisch, a learned Jewish commentator and author. 12. — A continuous downpour of rain fell in Liverpool, and although Her Majesty braved the elements and fulfilled the out-door pro- gramme arranged for, the success of the pro- ceedings was to a great extent marred.. The day was observed as a general holiday, and despite the weather, large crowds thronged the streets, heartily cheering the Queen wherever she made her appearance. Her Majesty left Newsham House about one o’clock, and made a private visit to the Seamen’s Qrphanage, manifesting much interest in the children and speaking to several of them. Later in the afternoon Her Majesty, accompanied by the Duke of Connaught and Prince and Princess Henry of Battenberg, drove in an open carriage through several of the principal streets of the city to St. George’s Hall, where she was pre- sented with an address by the Mayor on behalf of the Corporation. Her Majesty having re- 1531 plied in person, thanking the citizens for the cordial reception extended to herself and child- ren, the Royal party drove to the landing stage, and, embarking in the ferry steamer Claughton , sailed for about an hour and a half on the Mersey, returning to Newsham House about seven o’clock. 12. — A private meeting of Liberal members held at Mr. Chamberlain’s London residence. Circulars were sent to all believed to favour Irish autonomy, and opposed to the Govern- ment bill in its present shape. Out of sixty- seven members, forty-nine accepted the invita- tion. Mr. Chamberlain reviewed the negotia- tions which had been carried on between himself and Mr. Gladstone, and stated that the position taken by the Prime Minister on Monday had been a complete surprise to him. The modifications were wholly inadequate and illusory, and he would prefer that any further negotiations should be conducted through a public medium. He again insisted on the retention of the Irish representatives at West- minster and the undisturbed maintenance of Imperial authority over all Imperial matters. Mr. Trevelyan also spoke. Mr. Caine re- ported that, from calculations based on trust- worthy information, 102 Liberal members had promised to vote against the second reading if the bill were not modified as suggested, and 34 others were undecided. No formal resolu- tions were passed, but it was generally agreed that unless the Irish members were retained at Westminster the bill must be opposed by every legitimate means. — Three lives lost at a fire in New Inn Yard, Shoreditch ; and two at a fire in Hackney. — Destructive hurricane at Madrid 5 about 70 persons killed and 200 injured, and great damage done to public parks and buildings. 13 . — Sir Henry James resumes tire ad- journed debate on Home Rule. While he admitted that Ireland, and perhaps England too, had been misgoverned in the past, he could not allow that to be an argument for separation. Taking the bill on the ground on which the Government had proposed it, he declared that it fulfilled none of the conditions laid down by the Prime Minister himself, and that it would not carry out the intentions with which it was introduced. The essence of the Act of Union was the junction of Parliaments, and the bill not only abolished that connection, but also gave up the fundamental power of altering the British Parliament itself without the presence of the Irish members. He con- tended that there were no real safeguards for the loyal minority, and urged that, even if Mr. Parnell accepted the measure as a final settler ment, the people of Ireland would not, and it would be made a vantage ground on which to press their claim for separation. Mr. Camp- bell-Bannerman defended the policy of the Government. N N *■ MAY 1886 MAY 13 . — Public meetings to discuss public affairs forbidden in Prussia without forty eight hours’ notice to the police. — Died, aged 67, Sir John Pearson, one of the judges of the Chancery Division of the High Court of police. 14 . — Important meeting of Liberal members of Parliament held at Devonshire House on the invitation of Lord Hartington. Between sixty and seventy gentlemen attended, in- cluding Mr. Chamberlain, Mr. Trevelyan, Mr. Caine, and others who were present at the re- cent meeting convened by the member for West Birmingham. Speeches were made by Lord Hartington himself, and by Mi*. Chamberlain and Mr. Peter Rylands. Lord Hartington stated that he fully accepted the responsibility involved in throwing out the Home Rule Bill, and on a question being put to him as to whether he and Mr. Chamberlain were able to agree to an alternative policy, his lordship replied that they were practically in accord on this matter. Mr. Chamberlain afterwards en- dorsed this statement. It was now estimated that the following of Lord Hartington and Mr. Chamberlain amounted to between 120 and 130 members, and the latest forecast of the majority against the second reading of the bill put it at between 70 and 80. — A rainstorm of the past few days proves disastrous to the midland counties of England, many districts of which were flooded over large areas, in some places wholly and in others partially interrupting both railway and road traffic. The Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire main line was completely blocked between Sheffield and Doncaster, there being in some of the cuttings water to the depth of about ten feet. The Trent Valley line was also impassable, and railway bridges in the neighbourhood of Shrewsbury and Hereford swept away. Monmouth was partially sub- merged, and locomotion in the streets had to be carried on by means of boats. Besides the inconvenince caused by the interruption of traffic, a great deal of destruction was done to property and live stock, and the flooding of several public works threw large numbers of workmen idle. The north of Ireland also ex- perienced heavy floods, and traffic on the New- castle branch of the Belfast and County Down Railway was suspended. — A performance of Shelley’s Cenci took place at the Imperial Theatre, Islington, under the auspices of the Shelley Society. 15 . — Speaking at St. James’s Hall, Lord Salisbury said the traditional policy of the Tory party was the maintenance of the Union. As to the proposals of the Government on the Irish question, there was a probability that next week they would be a matter of history. If they were passed into law separation was inevitable. However sincere the present Irish representatives might be in accepting the mea- 1532 sure as a final settlement, they might depend upon it that as the mere result of the ordinary working of representative institutions with the known sentiments of the Irish people, the last remaining shred of the yoke of England would be shaken off, and all liability would be repudiated for payment of debt. Separation, and nothing else, was the question on which they had to decide, and he knew the Tory party would do everything and risk everything to prevent it. It was contended that Ireland was a nation, and it was as a nation that her claims were urged. But Ireland contained two nations, deeply divided and bitterly antagonistic. As to the plea that confidence should be placed in the Irish people, it was difficult to place unlimited confidence in people who had become habituated to the use of knives and slugs, and it was impossible to ignore the fact that there was a great danger in the organization of Roman Catholicism, which was meant for high spiritual ends, being made subservient to secular ambition and tem- poral objects. He had been reproached for not having an alternative policy. His alterna- tive policy was that Parliament should enable the Government of England to govern Ireland. If that course were consistently followed for twenty years Ireland would become fit to accept any gifts in the way of local government or repeal of coercive laws. As to spending 150 millions upon the pacification of Ireland, he urged that they could emigrate a million of the Irish people at a much less cost, and the result would be a striking improvement in the condition of the Irish people. 15 . — From a Parliamentary return issued to- day it appeared that, while not a single peti- tion was presented to the House of Commons in favour of the Home Rule Bill, 533 petitions against it were presented up to the 7th inst., containing 131,689 signatures. 16 . — Evacuation of Suakim by the British troops. 17 . — Posthumous birth of the King of Spain, named Alfonso XIII. — Died, aged 71, the newly-created Lord Farnborough — better known as Sir Erskine May. It was only a few weeks since the de- ceased retired from the Chief Clerkship of the House of Commons and elevated to the Peerage. He died in his official residence at the House of Commons, from which he had not removed. 18 . — At Bradford, in supporting a resolu- tion condemning Mr. Gladstone’s Irish pro- posals, Lord Hartington said that the House of Commons was going to be asked to pledge itself to the support of an abstract resolution, and nothing more ; but he maintained that the Government must either stand or fall by their plan, and not by any abstract resolution. If the Government were satisfied, as he be- lieved by this time they were, that the plan MAY 1 886 MAY would not commend itself to the country, there was but one course they could adopt, and that was to withdraw the bill. His lordship afterwards reviewed the details of the scheme, saying that it was one which must be taken as it stood. It could not be altered in any funda- mental particular without being destroyed alto- gether. Bad as he believed the bill in its present shape to be, it would be infinitely worse if it had remained in its present shape and got engrafted upon it solely the provision for the retention of the Irish members. 18 . — Enthronement of Dr. Moorhouse, newly-appointed Bishop of Manchester, in the cathedral of that city. — At Leeds Assizes, John Ryan, a betting man, and David Godfrey Donnelly, a draper, indicted for the murder by stabbing of a reporter named Thomas Hardman Gillott in a Sheffield hotel in April last. Donnelly was acquitted, but Ryan was found guilty of man- slaughter and sentenced to 12 years’ penal servitude. 19 . — The Marquis of Salisbury presides as Grand Master of the Primrose League at a Grand Habitation of the League held in Her Majesty’s Theatre, at which about 3 , 5 °° members attended. His lordship moved the adoption of the annual report, and spoke of the valuable services the League had rendered at the last election, and the influence it might exert when the threatened dissolution came. In a subsequent speech he referred to certain misrepresentations which he stated had been made in the House of Commons concerning his speech on the 15th, among them being that he had prescribed twenty years of coercion for Ireland. This was a most grotesque cari- cature of what he had said. His alternative policy was that Parliament should enable the Government of this country to govern Ireland, and he urged the suppression of crime. The highest object of government was the ameliora- tion of the condition of the people in every way, and this could only be attained by a strict maintenance of law and order. He denied, also, that he had advocated the expenditure of a large sum of money to emigrate a million of the Irish people, but he had declared his pre- ference for such a mode of spending the money rather than on the buying out of the landlords, lest they should be called upon subsequently to protect them. — Old burial-ground of St. Mary-le-Strand (Tom All-alone’s) opened as a playground for the children in Drury Lane. 20 . — In the Commons Mr. John Morley moves the second reading of the Irish Arms Act. In doing so he said he would not argue the question whether the state of feeling in Ireland was such as would have justified the Government in bringing in a Peace Preser- vation Act if it were to be done afresh and for the first time. The Government found N N 2 this Act in existence and in working order, and had come to the conclusion that it was only consistent with prudence and common-sense to retain it for the purpose of preventing the practice, much too common in times of poli- tical excitement, of carrying arms to fairs, markets, and public meetings. Mr. Parnell asked the Chief Secretary to omit sub-section 4 of section 4, and asked him to agree to take powers for the licensing authority to revoke any licence they might have issued to have or to carry arms. Mr. Morley said they had those powers already under the Lord- Lieutenant’s proclamation. Mr. Parnell then addressed the House, and asked that all parties in Ireland should be made alike in this matter, and that the law should be administered impartially. Lord R. Churchill defended his recent utterances on the attitude of the Ulster population to the Home Rule Bill, and contended that if Parliament trans- ferred their power of protection, Ulster would be justified in withholding allegiance, which was conditional on that protection. Mr. Gladstone deprecated the position taken up by the noble lord, and explained that the Govern- ment had not thought it necessary to move in the matter because the sentiments expressed by the member for Paddington had not received the approval of the colleagues of the right hon. gentleman, and because the Government desired to approach this question free from passion and prejudice. After some further discussion the House divided, and the second reading was carried by 303 votes to 89. 20. — In an Imperial Order, addressed to the commanders, officers, and sailors of the Black Sea fleet, the Czar of Russia says that his will and thoughts are directed to the peaceful development of the nation’s welfare, but cir- cumstances might arise to render the fulfilment of his wishes difficult, and which may force him to the armed defence of the dignity of the empire. — Alderman Sharpe, of New York, con- victed of accepting a bribe for voting the Broadway Railway franchise, and sentenced to nine years and ten months’ imprisonment. The first conviction for bribery ever obtained in the State of New York. — Destructive fire in Exeter ; property to the value of ^40,000 destroyed. 21. — In the Commons Mr. Justin M'Carthy resumed the debate on the Government of Ireland Bill, and hoped that whatever course might be taken by other members of the Liberal party the Prime Minister would not listen to any suggestion to mutilate or postpone the measure he had placed before Parliament and the country. Mr. R. B. Finlay opposed the second reading, as he believed the principle of the measure was incompatible with the main- tenance of the Union. In his opinion the mere fact that the fate of Ulster was yet undeter- J 533 MAY 1886 MAY mined was a sufficient reason for not reading this bill a second time. After some further debate, Mr. Childers said the present bill did not repeal the Union — on the contrary, very large powers which the Act of Union con- centrated in the Parliament of this country would still be retained by Parliament and the Government, and were not proposed to be ceded to the legislature of Ireland. He pro- ceeded to contrast the differences between the powers proposed to be given the Irish legis- lature as compared with those possessed by Grattan’s Parliament, and expressed the belief that as in the cases of Australia and Canada the fears as to the evil results to follow the granting of a separate Parliament to Ireland would prove unfounded. 21 . — Sale of Lord Dudley’s china ; total realized ^40,856. 22. — Marriage of the Crown Prince of Portugal to Princess Marie Amelie of Orleans. — Large shipment of fresh fruit, consisting of grapes, pears, oranges, &c., from South Australia and New South Wales reached the market for colonial produce held in connection with the Colonial and Indian Exhibition at South Kensington. 23 . — Died at Berlin, aged 91, Professor Leopold von Ranke, a German historian who grasped European politics widely and firmly. - — Died, aged 81, Field-Marshal the Right Hon. Sir John Michel, G.C.B. ; served with distinction in the Crimea and in the Indian campaign of 1857. — Died, aged 75, Lloyd Jones, promoter of the co-operative movement ; also a political agent and journalist. 24 -. — A florist at Stratford obtained £500 damages against the Great Eastern Railway Company for damage done by smoke from locomotives. — Died at Simla, General Thomas Elliott Hughes, Director-General of Ordnance in India. — Died, aged 72, George Waitz, an active fellow-worker with Leopold von Ranke. 25 . — A bronze statue of the late Sir Erasmus Wilson unveiled at Margate in presence of a distinguished company. 26 . — Thirteen lads, all between 17 and 18 years of age, and formerly inmates of the Roman Catholic training ship Clarence , sta- tioned in the Mersey, charged at Liverpool Assizes with having mutinied and assaulted three of the officers in Februaiy last. The prisoners were all found guilty, but recom- mended to mercy on account of the evident lax discipline on board the ship. One of them, named Patrick Scully, who stabbed the school- master with a knife, was sentenced to five 1534 years’ penal servitude, and the remainder to twelve months’ imprisonment with hard labour. 26 . — Important discovery of gold near Kim- berley in Western Australia. 27 . — A meeting of the Liberal party con- vened by Mr. Gladstone at the Foreign Office is attended by 223 members, including the Prime Minister himself. In the course of a speech which occupied nearly an hour in deli- very, Mr. Gladstone explained the views of the Government on the political situation, and directed special attention to three points in connection with the Home Rule Bill. As to the first — the supremacy of the Imperial Legis- lature — the right hon. gentleman maintained that by enumerating in the bill all Imperial subjects, and thereby giving the clearest notice to the Irish Legislative body what are the limits of its powers, the Government had adopted the best and safest method of proceed- ing. The method was one, too, in his opinion, which would not admit of substantial differences among those who are disposed to concur in the establishment of a real legislative body in Ireland, for the bond fide management of Irish as distinguished from Imperial affairs. On the second point — the exclusion of the Irish members from the Imperial Parliament — Mr. Gladstone said the Government was now quite prepared to frame a plan which would entitle the Irish representatives to be invited to Westminster, when any proposal for taxation is made which affects the condition of Ireland, or when any question arises on the “ reserved ” matters alluded to in the bill. This would involve a reconstruction of the 24th and 39th clauses of the bill ; and the Government were ready to undertake the responsibility of making proposals on the subject. The third point referred to by Mr. Gladstone concerned the question of time. Even if the second reading were passed it would be impossible to proceed further within the limits of an ordinary session. He therefore proposed to wind up the session at as early a date as possible, to withdraw the bill, and to reintroduce it with the necessary amendments in a fresh session in the autumn. — In answer to Mr. Norris, Mr. Glad- stone referred to his speech on introducing the Land Purchase Bill for the views of the Government as to the inseparable connection between the Home Rule and Land Purchase Bills. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach referred to the Liberal meeting at the Foreign Office, and asked the Prime Minister to repeat his state- ment. Mr. Gladstone declined to inflict the Plouse at so great a length, and in reply to further questions said that the precise views of the Government had been laid before the meeting ; that there had been a general de- velopment ; and that if the Home Rule Bill were read a second time no application would be made to the House to take further steps for the prosecution of the bill within the limits of the ordinary session of Parliament. MAY MAY 1 886 28 . — In the House of Commons, Sir Michael Hicks-Beach called attention to the Prime Minister’s speech at the Foreign Office meeting, and asked which course the Govern- ment intended to adopt — to keep the Home Rule Bill alive and proceed with it in the autumn or to prorogue Parliament at an early date and re-introduce the bill with the neces- sary amendments in a fresh session. Mr. Gladstone stated that at the meeting he had indicated that the Government were inclined to prefer the latter course, but he did not think he ought to be called on by question in the House at that moment to make a more positive statement. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, who was supported by all the members on the Con- servative benches, moved the adjournment of the House to call attention to the action of the Government. He twitted the Government with proposing to postpone a measure which they had introduced as of the gravest urgency, contended that the House were asked to vote, not on the second reading of a definite plan, but to give an indefinite vote for an indefinite principle of autonomy for Ireland, and declared that the bill was not a bill for Home Rule but for continuance in office. Mr. Gladstone, in the course of his reply, stated that the Govern- ment intended to follow the course most likely to result in the accomplishment of their aim, pointed out that there was a desire for more time to consider the bill, and intimated his intention not to allow the House of Lords to reject the measure on the mere question of lateness in the session. A warm debate fol- lowed, in which part was taken by Lord Ran- dolph Churchill, Sir W. Harcourt, and Lord Hartington, who held that it was of vital im- portance to know what course the Government intended to adopt. Mr. Gladstone, in reply, stated that the second course would be adopted, and Lord Hartington dwelt on the unprecedented character of the proposal to read a bill with which the Government did not in- tend to proceed. His lordship also wished to know whether the principle of the Land Pur- chase Bill, which had been pronounced an inseparable portion of the Home Rule scheme, was also to be affirmed by the second reading. After some further discussion, Sir M. Hicks- Beach asked leave to withdraw his motion for the adjournment, but on a division being chal- lenged, it was negatived by 405 votes to 1. — Herr Most, editor of the Freiheit , pub- lished in New York, sentenced to one year’s imprisonment for inciting to riot. — Bell's Life in London , the oldest - established sporting newspaper in the world, ceased to appear after having existed sixty-four years. 29 . — Statue of John Hunter, presented to the Oxford University Museum by the Queen, unveiled by the Princess Christian. 29 . — Lord Salisbury presented with the Freedom of the Grocers’ Company. Responding to the toast of the House of Lords at a banquet in the evening, his lordship referred to the career of William Pitt, and to the charge that the Union of Great Britain and Ireland had been accomplished by bribery. Bribery and intimidation often went hand in hand, and if it were true that the Union had been effected in any sense by bribery, it was much more true the destruction of the Union would be brought about by intimidation. 31 .- — Discovery of a bronze pot in Aberdeen, containing over 15,000 silver coins of the reign of Edward I. — Three men killed by the bursting of a steam boiler at Limehouse. — The French Chamber voted a grant of 200,000 francs for the foundation of the Pasteur Institute for the treatment of hydro- phobia. — Died, aged 88, Robert Benton Seeley, founder of the publishing firm of Seeley and Co. — Great excitement reigned in the Lobby of the House of Commons to-night in connec- tion with the meeting of Mr. Chamberlain and his friends to decide on their attitude towards the Home Rule Bill. Fifty-four members accepted the invitation to attend the meeting, and, after considerable discussion, the voting showed that while three of those present declared that they are now prepared to vote for the second reading, and 12 approved of abstaining altogether from voting, 38 w r ere in favour of voting against it. Another division was taken with a view to ascertain whether a common plan of action could be found, the result being that 46 decided to vote against the bill, four to abstain, and three to support the Government.. When this decision became known in the House and in the Lobby, it was admitted on all sides that the bill could not survive the second reading. The general belief now was that Mr. Gladstone’s defeat would be followed by a dissolution of Parlia- ment. It was also understood that the writs for a new election were all in a state of readi- ness. A great impression was made by a letter from Mr. Bright, who stated that though he will not speak he will vote against a measure to which it was before well known he has the strongest objections. In the House Mr. H. H. Fowler resumed the debate on the Home Rule Bill. It was continued by Lord J. Manners, Mr. F. Stevenson, Col. Hughes-Hallett, Mr. Storey, Mr. Macnaghten, and Mr. E. D. Gray. — A double execution takes place at Win- chester Gaol this morning, Albert Brown, a waterman, being executed for the murder of a youth; while James Whelan, seaman, Nova Scotia, suffered the extreme penalty of the law for killing a second mate on the high seas. 1535 JUNE 886 JUNE June 1 . — Mr. Chamberlain resumes the de- bate on the Home Rule Bill. He contended that any one who voted for the second reading would be committed to vote for the second reading of the same or a similar bill reintro- duced in October, and to the general plan and scope of the measure. He insisted upon the supremacy of the Imperial Parliament, and said there were two conditions necessary to maintain without weakening or throwing a doubt upon that supremacy. The first was that the Irish members should have their full, complete, continuous representation in this House, and the second, that the local legisla- tive body or bodies which might be created should be admittedly from the first subordinate bodies. He thought the time had come when the Government should state whether or not they had decided on Ulster, or part of Ulster, having separate consideration, and whether they had devised, or would devise, a plan for giving the favourable consideration to the subject promised by the Prime Minister. Much as he disliked the bill, if he could have convinced himself that it was practically a final settlement he would have voted for it, but he thought there was no finality about it. The amendments suggested by the Prime Minister had not met his objections in any considerable measure, and therefore it was his duty to vote against the second reading. Dissolution had no terrors for him, as he was confident that the position of the Unionists would be strength- ened by an appeal to the country. Mr. Sex- ton urged the acceptance of the bill, and Mr. Craig Sellar dwelt at considerable length on the evil effect it would have on education if it were passed. After some remarks by Mr. Ince and Mr. Magniac, who supported the bill, and Mr. Dawson, who opposed it, the Chancellor of the Exchequer replied for the Government. — At a meeting of the clergy of the Epis- copal diocese of Edinburgh and representative laymen, Canon Liddon, of St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, was by a large majority selected as Bishop of Edinburgh in room of the late Dr. Cotterill. The offer of this bishopric was after- wards declined by Canon Liddon. — French flag hoisted on the New Hebrides. — Died, aged 69, William White Cooper, F.R.C.S., surgeon-oculist to the Queen. 2 . — The marriage of President Cleveland with Miss Agnes Folsom, which took place in Washington this evening, was of quite a private nature, only near relations and Cabinet Minis- ters with their wives being invited. The ceremony was performed by Dr. Sunderland, the minister of the Presbyterian Church which President Cleveland attends, and he was as- sisted by the Rev. Mr. Cleveland, the Presi- dent’s brother. Immediately after the cere- mony the Presidential salute of 21 guns was fired, and the company adjourned to the dining- room of the White House, where a sumptuous 1536 wedding supper was served. The bride and bridegroom afterwards left for Deer Park, Maryland. 3 . — In the Lords, Earl Spencer moved the second reading of the Arms (Ireland) Bill. The Earl of Northbrook supported the mea- sure, but complained of the clause limiting its operation to the 31st December, 1887. Among those who spoke were Lord Ashbourne, the Earl of Kimberley, the Earl of Selborne, the Lord Chancellor, and the Duke of Argyll, the last named peer stating that instead of blaming the Marquis of Salisbury for insisting on twenty years’ resolute government in Ireland, he said the resolute government should last, not for that period, but for ever. The bill was read the second and third times, and passed. — In the Commons this (Thursday) evening Sir Michael Hicks-Beach asked the Prime Minister if it were probable the debate on the Government of Ireland Bill would close this evening. Mr. Labouchere stated that he had a list of 27 gentlemen who desired to give their views on the Bill. Mr. Gladstone thought it would be inconvenient, if not impossible, to close the debate to-night, and he suggested that by general consent the House should arrange to terminate it on Monday. In course of the ad- journed Home Rule debate Mr. John Morley replied to what he described as the “sophisms and fallacies ” of the Opposition. The crisis, he maintained, went much deeper than a mere parliamentary one, for every institution of Government had broken down for want of the element of popular consent. No reform of administration could be expected without re- sponsibility to an Irish Legislature and an Irish Executive. To our system of governing Ireland he attributed the economic demoralisa- tion of the country, the authority of the priest- hood over education, and many other evils. The Government had never expected to win the battle at one blow, or to carry the bill without modification ; and though they would not introduce a new bill, they would consider all reasonable modifications. — Rule against soldiers smoking in the streets done away with. 4 -. — In the Lords, the Marquis of Salisbury, by way of personal explanation, referred to the speech by the Chief Secretary for Ireland (Mr. J. Morley) the previous evening in the House of Commons, and denied that he had ever said he was in favour of twenty years of coercion for Ireland, or ever spoke in that sense. The object of his observations in Her Majesty’s Theatre was to show that the application of the word coercion to the measures recom- mended by the Conservative party was wholly unsuitable and improper. What they desired to recommend was legislation in protection of liberty — legislation to defend innocent people against the unlawful acts of criminal men and criminal associations. JUNE 8 86 JUNE 4 -. — In the Commons, Mr. Illingworth re- sumed the debate on the Government of Ireland Bill. He supported the measure, and warned those Liberals who were opposed to it that they might by their action in the lobby inflict a fatal injury to the Liberal party. Mr. Osborne Morgan said he believed that if Home Rule were granted to Ireland she would come to feel, as the colonies felt, that she was bound to this country by the strongest ties of self-interest. The debate was continued by Colonel King- Harman, Sir H. Meysey Thompson, Dr. O’Doherty, Sir J. Pease, and others, and again adjourned on the motion of Mr. Goschen. — A fatal riot occurs in Belfast between about two thousand Protestant-shipwrights and a body of Roman Catholic navvies, the latter of whom are employed at the new Alexandra Dock. The occurrence was brought about by a dispute two days since, in the course of which one of the navvies was wounded with a spade, the result being that his assailants, who were shipwrights, were dismissed from their employ- ment. The dismissal of their fellow-workmen exasperated the shipwrights, and at dinner- time yesterday they marched in a body to the dock and fell upon the navvies with bludgeons and iron bars, wounding several of them severely and chasing a number of them into the water, one young man being drowned. — At the Central Criminal Court Henry Andrews, alias Robert King, is found guilty of robbing the Continental mails on the South- Eastern Railway, and sentenced to eight years’ penal servitude. — A Rome telegram states that the erup- tion of Mount Etna, which commenced on the 1 8th ult., has now ceased, and that the fears which have prevailed during the last few days regarding the fate of the town of Nicolosi have happily proved groundless. — The Committee of the French Chamber on the Bill for the expulsion of the Princes has decided by six to five votes that the measure should be general and compulsory. The dis- cussion of the proposals for the confiscation of the property of the Princes was postponed. — Mr. Labouchere, on behalf of a large number of Radical members of Parliament, addresses a letter to Mr. Chamberlain, asking him either to vote for the Home Rule Bill, or, if he could not go so far, to abstain from voting on the second reading. He points out that a general election at the present time would be a serious matter for the Radicals owing to the registration laws now in force, and they could not shut their eyes to the fact that a general election without Mr. Chamber- lain on their side might lead to a Whig-Tory or Tory- Whig Government, which would rele- gate to the dim and distant future those measures which they all so ardently desired might become law. Mr. Chamberlain, in his reply, says that Mr. Gladstone has given no indication whatever that the bill to be pre- sented in October will be materially different from the bill now before the House. On the contrary, he has distinctly intimated that he will not depart from the main details of the present measure. It was however to the main details of the present bill that the opposition of his friends and himself had been directed, and it appeared to him (Mr. Chamberlain) that they should be stultifying themselves if they were to abstain at the last moment from giving effect to their conscientious convictions. Mr. Chamberlain admits the dangers of a general election at the present time, but he thinks the responsibility must in fairness rest upon those who have brought in and forced to a division a bill which, in the words of Mr. Bright, not “ twenty members outside the Irish party would support if Mr. Gladstone’s great authority were withdrawn from it.” 5 . — The annual banquet of the Elder Brethren of the Trinity House held in London under the presidency of the Prince of Wales. Lord Rosebery, replying for Her Majesty’s Ministers, said the country might have other Ministers, but it could not have them more devoted to the unity of the empire, embracing the nations, races, and religions composed under the Imperial sceptre of the Queen, and guided only by the central authority, which could only be wielded from Great Britain. 6 . — Renewed rioting in Belfast this (Sun- day) afternoon, an excuse being found by both parties in the funeral of the young Roman Catholic who was drowned during the dis- turbance on the 4th. Between ten and fifteen thousand persons followed the body, and while on the way to the grave came in contact with a large mob. Stones were freely thrown and some shots were exchanged, but with no more serious result than the breaking of a few win- dows, a body of police arriving on the scene and separating the combatants. In the even- ing there was some slight disturbance, but the efforts of the police speedily restored order. — Died, aged 87, Richard Potter, M.A., emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at University College, London. 7 . — Defeat of Government on the Home Rule Bill. The adjourned debate on the second reading was resumed by Mr. Goschen, who condemned the efforts which had been made to obscure the issue and represent the bill as an abstract resolution. He referred to the recent outrages in Ireland as a reason for hesitation in placing life and property in the hands of an untried executive. Going on to examine the scheme of the bill, he showed that, by the concessions of the Government, two impossibilities were to be attempted — the continuous presence of the Irish at Westminster, and a separate Parliament in Ireland. There was, Mr. Goschen continued, no security for 1537 JUNE 1 886 JUNE the protection of minorities, and the power of England to moderate the conflicting passions of the two religions would be removed. The financial proposals of the bill were essentially unsound, and the provisions of the Land Bill, if carried into effect, would disorganize the whole finances of the country, producing political, commercial, and executive friction. He implored the House to remember that they were but life trustees of the constitution, and were bound to hand on that glorious pos- session unimpaired. Mr. Parnell followed, and commenced his speech by condemning the outrages in Kerry and other parts of Ireland. He recognised that the proposed Parliament for Ireland would be a subordinate one, and explained that he was ready to accept it, though he should have preferred the restitu- tion of Grattan’s Parliament. The Imperial Parliament, he admitted, would have the ulti- mate supremacy and sovereignty, and the Nationalists gave an honourable engagement not to abuse the powers given to them. If such abuse did arise, the Imperial Parliament would have all the power of force to put a stop to it. He believed the Irish people would accept the bill as a final settlement. He argued that the case of Ulster ought not to be treated separately, as it was largely Nationalist in feeling. “ Protestant Ulster ” was a fiction. The claim which he had made for the right of protecting Irish manufactures was made while the Conservative Government was in office, and when he had reason to know that they were ready to offer Ireland a statutory legislature, and -the power of imposing pro- tective duties. He gave up that claim now, and accepted fiscal unity as a compensation. On the question of the retention of the Irish members, he would candidly examine the Premier’s plan, with a desire to see whether it would impair the permanency of the settle- ment. If the bill was rejected, coercion was the only alternative, and it was inevitable in a more severe and drastic form than before. There was no half-way house between the concession of legislative autonomy and the disfranchisement of Ireland and its government as a crown colony. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach contended that the policy of the Government did not represent that of the Liberal party, but of one man, practically alone. It had not been considered by the country ; but had only been adopted because of the existence of eighty- six Nationalist members. He repudiated em- phatically that it had ever been the intention of the late Government to sanction any such scheme as had been mentioned by Mr. Parnell. About midnight Mr. Gladstone rose to conclude the debate, which had now extended over nearly the whole of the Government nights since loth May. The Prime Minister denied that this was the bill of one man, but said that it had been long the subject of consultation between himself and his closest political friends. Jle declared that the vote tp be taken was 1538 upon the principle of the bill, as distinguished from its particulars. That principle was the establishment of a legislative body for the management of Irish affairs. The Govern- ment had engaged to reconstruct the 24th clause, and they would, during the interval before the autumn session, if granted, amend it with every real amendment and improve- ment, and with whatever was calculated to make it more effective and more acceptable for the attainment of its end. They were perfectly free to deal with all such amendments. As regards the severance of Ulster, no plan had been proposed, but they were free to judge the case on its merits. After quoting the case of Canada as an argument in favour of auto- nomy in Ireland, Mr. Gladstone said that “to speak of the supporters of the bill as separa- tionists was the merest slang of vulgar tongues.” The alternatives to the claim for Ireland making her own laws were, Mr. Gladstone said, “born of the hour, and perishing with the hour, totally and absolutely unavailable for the solution of a great and difficult problem,” or the policy of coercion, which he attributed to Lord Salisbury. Ireland, for the first time in her history, had expressed its voice authen- tically, and was ready to accept the proffered boon. “Ireland,” the Prime Minister con- cluded in his loftiest and most impressive style, which even he himself had never surpassed in his earlier days, “ Ireland stands at your bar, expectant, hopeful, almost suppliant. Her words are the words of truth and soberness. She asks a blessed oblivion of the past, and in that oblivion our interest is deeper than even hers. My right hon. friend Mr. Goschen asks us to-night to abide by the traditions of which we are the heirs. What traditions? By the Irish tradition ? Go into the length and breadth of the world, ransack the literature of all countries, find, if you can, a single voice, a single book — find, I would almost say, as much as a single newspaper article, unless the product of the day, in which the conduct of England towards Ireland is anywhere treated except with profound and bitter condemnation. Are these the traditions by which we are ex- horted to stand ? No, they are a sad exception to the glory of our country. They are a broad and black blot upon the pages of its history ; and what we want to do is to stand by the traditions in which we are the heirs in all matters except our relations to Ireland, and to make our relations to Ireland to conform to the other traditions of our country. So I have the demand of Ireland for what I call a blessed oblivion of the past. She asks also a boon for the future ; and that boon for the future, unless we are much mistaken, will be a boon to us in respect of honour no less than a boon to her in respeet of happiness, prosperity, and peace. Such, Sir, is her prayer. Think, I beseech you, think well, think wisely, think not for a moment but for the years that are to come, before you reject this bill.” On the JUNE 1886 JUNE queslion being formally put by the Speaker the House immediately (1.10 a.m. June 8th) divided, when amid a scene of intense excite- ment the Government was found to have been defeated by a majority of 30 votes, the numbers being : For the second reading of the Bill, 313 ; against, 343. Further analysis showed that of the 313 those known as Liberals numbered 230, and Parnellites 83 ; of the 343, Conservatives counted 250, and those who had hitherto voted Liberal, 93. The en- tire division — 656 members — was the largest on record, the total number of the new House being 670, as against 652 prior to the Redis- tribution of Seats Act, 1885. Of the 11 absentees 9 were Liberals connected with England or Wales, and 1 Conservative. One Liberal was absent for Scotland, and no Con- servative. The House adjourned till the 10th inst. 7 . — Blockade of the Greek coast by the Great Powers raised in view of the disarma- ment and pacific assurances of the Hellenic Government. 8. — The Cabinet decide on an immediate dissolution of Parliament, and an appeal to the country. Calculations were now being made showing that, putting Irish members aside — 85 Parnellites and 18 Conservatives — Mr. Gladstone, to insure the necessary majority for his retention of office, would need to win 108 seats in England, Scotland, and Wales. The net result of the new election (see July 17th) showed that the majority of 30 voting against the Bill was increased to 1 13. — Speaking at a banquet of the Eighty Club in Westminster Palace Hotel, the Irish Secretary, Mr. John Morley, defended the course taken by the Government as the only alternative to the policy of coercion proposed by the Opposition, and questioned the attitude assumed by those members of the Liberal party, some of whom accepted the principles of the Government bill, but were opposed to the plan presented, and who, nevertheless, prevented the carrying out of the principle by voting for the rejection of the measure, and thus opening the door for the return to power of the party of coercion. He reminded his audience that the late Government were prepared last January to bring in a largemeasure of land reform for Ireland. He referred to what he called the remarkable speech of Mr. Parnell, laying stress on the serious aspect, as regarded the Irish party themselves, of the acceptance by their leader of the Government scheme, and remarking that the country had never before had from an Irish leader so strongly guaranteed a pledge. — Captain O’Shea announces his retire- ment from the representation of Galway. In his farewell address he stated that he was returned unpledged, that deference to popular sentiment forbade him to oppose the Home Rule Bill, but that his objections to it were too strong to allow him to support it. 8 . — Further rioting occurs in Belfast to-night, and assumes a much more grave aspect than hitherto. Bands of Orangemen paraded the streets all day, but it was not till the evening that anything serious occurred, when several houses were wrecked, and frequent encounters with the police took place. Late at night a number of public-houses were broken into and the liquor taken, while the mob, becoming every moment more violent, fired upon the police, who were obliged to return the fire. A large number on both sides were injured, the wounds, however, being mostly caused by stones and other missiles. — Mr. A. C. Mackenzie’s new opera, The Troubadour , produced by the Carl Rosa Company at Drury Lane Theatre for the first time. — The conference on Soudan affairs between the Khedive, Ahmed Moukhtar Pasha, and Sir H. D. Wolff resumed at Cairo. The sheiks from all parts of the Soudan, who continue to arrive at Wady Haifa to consult regarding the proposed terms of peace, declare that their trade is totally paralysed. — At the annual meeting of the Suez Canal Company held in Paris, a dividend of 6of. 40c. per share was declared. The total receipts of the company for 1885 were ^2,601,998, and the expenditure amounted to over ,£1,240,000. During the year 3,624 ships passed through the canal, being an increase of 340 on the previous year. — In a letter refusing to subscribe to pay off the debt on a Richmond chapel, Mr. Ruskin writes that of all manner of debtors pious people building churches they cannot pay for are the most detestable to him. 9 . — A meeting of Ministers held in Downing Street, at which Mr. Arnold Morley, the chief Liberal Whip, was called into consultation, to lay before Mr. Gladstone and his colleagues his report as to the state of feeling amongst Liberals generally in the view of a forthcoming contest. Mr. Schnadhorst was also invited to give his testimony respecting the pros- pects of the election. The meeting lasted from noon to two o’clock. After the latter hour, Sir Henry Ponsonby arrived and re- mained with the Premier until after four o’clock. — Madame Patti married to Signor Nico- lini at Swansea. — More rioting in Belfast. A large mob collected in Shankhill Road, and became so turbulent that the Riot Act was read. This having no effect, the police fired on the rioters, and a young woman who was looking out of a window was killed. It appeared to have the effect of further infuriating the mob, who 1539 JUNE 1886 JUNE attacked the police, and compelled them to take shelter in the barracks. The con- stabulary continued to fire on the crowd from the building, and two women and three men were killed, and a large number wounded. 9 . — Eruption of Mount Tarawera, New Zealand, and destruction of the town of Wairoa and the famous Pink Terraces near Lake Rotomahana. — Miss Journeaux, who drifted out to sea in an open boat from St. Heliers, island of Jersey, in April last, and who was picked up two days after, arrives in the steamer Siberian off Queenstown from Newfoundland, whence she had been taken by her rescuers. 10. — In the Lords Earl Kimberley intimated the early dissolution of Parliament in conse- quence of the vote of the House of Commons on Monday night. The Earl of Carnarvon, referring to the discussion between Mr. Parnell and Sir Michael Hicks Beach, gave an em- phatic denial to the statements that had since been made that he was the Minister of the Crown who had on behalf of the late Con- servative Government offered a statutory Par- liament to Ireland. In July last, while he was Viceroy of Ireland, he received a communica- tion from Mr. Parnell, and as he considered it his duty to hear all that could be said for the better government of Ireland, he met the right hon. gentleman, but in the interview no agree- ment or undertaking, however shadowy, was made. — In the Commons Mr. Gladstone stated that, in consequence of the defeat of the Go- vernment on Monday night, the Cabinet had advised the Queen to dissolve the present Par- liament, and Her Majesty had been pleased to assent to the advice. In these circumstances the Government proposed to ask that private bills should be put in the new Parliament upon the footing of the stage in which they may have reached in the present Parliament, and also that the Government should have precedence upon all days for financial business and financial business alone. The House, he proposed, should rise to-morrow for the Whit- suntide holidays, meeting again on this day week, Thursday 17th. — In answer to questions as to the Ulster riots, Mr. John Morley gave some details of the disturbances in Belfast, and stated that there were now in that town 1,370 Royal Irish Constabulary and a force of 400 military avail- able for duty. Further disturbances were ap- prehended at Lurgan, but, as a large number of police had been sent there, the authorities hoped to be able to grapple with any circum- stances that might arise. The information of the Government was that the celebration of the defeat of the Government of Ireland Bill was the origin of the assemblage of the crowds. As to 1540 the persons who had incited to riot by telling the rioters that Ulster would fight and Ulster would be right, that was a question for some consideration. 10. — A daring robbery and murder takes place in Kentish Town, London, this evening. A young man named George Finch entered a chemist’s shop, and seizing hold of the cash- box attempted to make away with it. One of the shopmen endeavoured to stop him, when Finch drew a revolver and shot him dead. The wife of the owner of the shop next tried to lay hold of Finch, who again fired, wounding the woman in the face. The murderer then made off, but was arrested later in the evening in his own house, where he was found concealed in a closet. — Details received in reference to the vol- canic eruption in the Tarawera district of New Zealand state that whole villages were buried in ashes. No idea could yet be formed of the loss of life, but already 26 bodies had been re- covered. Only one European was killed. 11 . — Mr. Gladstone, in the Commons, sup- plements his statement as to the dissolution by saying that if, when the elections took place, the Irish policy of the Government should have been found disapproved of by the country, or if there should be room for doubt on that point, without question on that ground the new Parliament ought to be assembled forthwith. — In the Commons, Dr. MacDonald moved the adjournment of the House in order to com- plain of the appointment of the Commissioners under the Crofters Act of this session. The Commissioners, he said, were the nominees of the landlords, and, as such, had not the con- fidence of the people. The conduct of the Lord Advocate in this matter had been most disastrous to the Government of the day, for now the Highlanders were going over to the other party. They had got the Bill, bad as it was, from the Liberals ; and when the Tories came into power they believed they would get the money, so that they would be all right. The Solicitor-General for Scotland defended the appointments made, and said the Govern- ment had been inundated with telegrams from crofters expressing their approval of the gentlemen who had been put on the commis- sion ; and Mr. H. Fowler explained that the Chief Commissioner, Mr. David Brand, is to have ,£1,200 a year, and retain the office of Sheriff of Ayrshire, which brings him another £700 a year, but debarred for the future from private practice. — Further correspondence is published in reference to the controversy between Lord Carnarvon and Mr. Parnell. Mr. Justin McCarthy stated that a friend of Lord Car- narvon intimated to himself that Lord Car- narvon desired to learn Mr. Parnell’s views, JUNE 1886 JUNE and that a preliminary interview took place between Lord Carnarvon and Mr. McCarthy. Subsequently Mr. Parnell expressed an opinion that it would be better for himself to go openly to Lord Carnarvon’s house. The descrip- tion he gave of the interview corresponded with his subsequent statement and with what had passed between his lordship and Mr. McCarthy, the effect being that Lord Carnar- von could not go in for repeal of the Union, but agreed that without repeal a satisfactory Irish Parliament could be established. Lord Carnarvon said, speaking for himself only, he was prepared to go as far in that direction as Mr. Parnell. Mr. Parnell himself also writes, joining issue point blank with Lord Carnar- von’s statement that the interview was sought by Mr. Parnell. On the contrary, the intima- tion he received was the exact converse of that which Lord Carnarvon states he received from him. 11. — In the London Divorce Court Sir James Hannen had before him a summons in connec- tion with the Crawford divorce case, taken out by the petitioner to have the Queen’s Proctor’s plea of intervention struck out on the ground that no material facts had been suppressed from the knowledge of the Court at the trial. His lordship refused the application, and also declined to entertain petitions by Mrs. Craw- ford and Sir Charles Dilke for leave to appear and plead in the intervention. 12. — The Marquis of Salisbury, speaking this afternoon at a demonstration of Hertford- shire Conservatives held in the grounds of Hat- field Park, denounced the Government Home Rule Bill as containing proposals which not even the wildest revolutionary had up to that time conceived. The issue now before the country was not merely the setting up of a legislature at Dublin, but it involved also the handing over of the executive government of Ireland to men who were in sentiment and wish separatists, and when once the separa- tion of Ireland from Great Britain was effected, Ireland might at any time become a hostile power at our very door. With the executive government in the hands of the National League it would very soon wield the military power of the country likewise, and then in England’s hour of trouble there was nothing to prevent it from siding with her enemies. It was with regret that he found himself com- pelled to admit that we had not good friends in the majority of the Irish people, but at the same time he thought that the apparent predomi- nance of feeling against us in the country spoke rather of the activity and power of the National League than of the sincere sentiments of Irishmen. — • Serious rioting occurred in Sligo to-night (Saturday). A mob attacked a number of houses occupied by Protestants, and broke the windows, while the residence of a leading Orangeman was fired and burned to the ground. The military were called upon, as the police were powerless, and after the Riot Act had been read they cleared the streets with fixed bayonets. A boy was shot while with a number of companions attacking a house. Sixteen arrests in connection with the disturbances were made. 14 . — Mr. Gladstone issues his manifesto in the form of an address to the electors of Mid- Lothian. The Prime Minister points out that the issue now submitted for the decision of the nation is the simplest as well as the gravest put before it for half a century. The late Government enjoyed great advantages for dealing with the Irish difficulty, and had they proposed a comprehensive measure with re- gard to Ireland they would have received warm and extensive support from the Liberal party, but instead of this they put forward the opposite policy of coeroion, which was not justified by the facts, and which was doomed to certain and disgraceful failure. On the fall of the late Government he undertook to form a cabinet on another basis than that of a coercion policy, and this accounted for the prominence assumed by the Irish question. Seceding Liberals had put forward halting, stumbling, ever shifting, ever vanishing pro- jects. There were, however, two clear, positive, intelligible plans before the world. The one was the plan of the Government, the other that of Lord Salisbury — one self-government, the other repressive laws for twenty years. He denied the title of Unionists claimed by op- ponents of the Government. There was no union at present between Great Britain and Ireland, but the proposals of the Government would provide a real union. He strongly con- demned any attempt to import into controversy the venemous element of religious bigotry, and asserted that the Ministerial policy tends to the consolidation of the unity of theempire, economy of public treasure, abatement of ignoble feuds in Ireland, the development of her resources, redemption of the honour of Great Britain from long-standing stigma, and the restoration to Parliament of its dignity and efficiency. He trusted the electors might be able to cast away all delusions — to refuse the evil and to choose the good. — Information circulated that King Louis, the deposed ruler of Bavaria, had not long survived his removal from power. Yesterday (Sunday) evening His Majesty went for a walk in the park of the Berg Castle, to which he had been removed, attended by Dr. Gudden, President of the Board of Physicians. Not re- turning, a search was made in the park and along the shores of the lake of Starnberg, when the apparently lifeless bodies of the King and Dr. Gudden were found in the water. They were at once removed to the castle and at- tended to, but all efforts to restore animation proved ineffectual. From details it was evi- dent that a severe struggle must have taken 1541 JUNE 1 8 86 JUNE place between the King and his physician. “ According to the Bavarian Constitution the late King’s brother, Prince Otto, succeeds to the throne, but as he also suffers from a mental derangement the real power will remain in the hands of the Regent, Prince Luitpold.” 14 . — Belfast reported as quiet, and that there was now\ strong feeling the riots had ceased, for a time at least. The magisterial inquiry into the charge against the seven men arrested for participating in the disturbances at the Alexandra Docks on the 4th inst. was con- tinued. At the coroner’s investigation into the circumstances attending the death of James Kyle, machinist, who was shot on the 9th, the jury, after hearing some evi- dence, returned a verdict of murder against the police. 15 . — The Earl of Carnarvon, speaking at a demonstration of South Berks and Hants Primrose Habitations in Highclere Park, ad- vised the Conservatives in the coming election to stick to their colours, to sink minor differ- ences, and to fight the battle without mis- representation. He was grieved to see that Mr. Gladstone had thought it good to bolster up his arguments by a miserable appeal to class interests and passions. They knew what division of classes with a divided country and Empire meant, and they should advocate the union of classes, which meant the happiness of individuals. — One of the most extensive and destructive fires known in Paisley for many years broke out to-night in the chemical works of Messrs. Muir & Anderson, Christie Lane, New Sned- don Street. A stiff breeze was blowing at the time, and carried showers of sparks across the river Cart to a number of thatched houses in Brick Lane, which were burned to the ground. The flames were next communicated to High- land Lane, where several tenements were also destroyed. Altogether about sixteen proper- ties were more or less destroyed, and it was estimated that nearly fifty families were ren- dered homeless. Damage estimated at close upon ^20,000. — The town of Vancouver, in British Co- lumbia, reported as having been destroyed by fire. Ten bodies had been recovered, a number of persons reported missing, and many injured. Thousands of persons were rendered homeless, and encamped outside the town. — Died, aged 64, Rev. Dr. Pulsford, minister of Trinity Congregational Church, Glasgow. 16 . — Lord Hartington issues his address to the electors of the Rossendale Division of Lancashire to-day. His lordship said that in the recent general election a majority of the Liberal candidates adopted the declarations made by Mr. Gladstone in his address to the J542 electors of Mid-Lothian, wherein there was no indication whatever of the Premier’s pre- sent policy, which the constituencies were now asked to affirm, although they were left with- out any plan satisfying the conditions which Mr. Gladstone had himself declared to be indispensable. The Land Purchase Scheme was an indispensable part of the Government policy, but Mr. Gladstone was now silent upon it. His lordship urged that Parliament ought to continue to represent the whole of the United Kingdom, and to retain control of the administration of justice, but matters which could be clearly defined might be dele- gated to local subordinate bodies, whose acts should be subject to revision by the Imperial Parliament. He denied that coercion was the only alternative policy to that of the Government, and claimed that instead of having seceded from the principles and tra- ditions of the Liberal party, he had main- tained them, with the best security for freedom and justice in every part of the United Kingdom. 16 . — On consideration of the Returning Officers’ Charges (Scotland) Bill, as amended in Committee, it was agreed in the Commons that 600 should be the minimum of voters to be served by each presiding officer. Mr. Esslemont moved a clause providing for the payment of the expenses of returning officers out of the rates. After some discussion, the Lord Advocate said there had been a strong expression of opinion on the part of the Scotch members in favour of the proposal, and as it had already been applied to England and Ireland there was no reason why it should not also be made applicable to Scotland. On a division Mr. Esslemont’s motion was carried by 91 votes to 35. The Committee afterwards added a clause to that effect. 17 . — Mr. Gladstone, accompanied by Mrs. Gladstone and Mr. W. H. Gladstone, leave London this morning by the Midland express for Edinburgh in order to fulfil his engage- ments in Midlothian. There was an immense crowd at St. Pancras Station, who loudly cheered the right hon. gentleman and de- manded a speech from him. Mr. Gladstone, in the course of a few words, said they were engaged in a great, noble, Imperial under- taking. The reason of the present dissolution was that the people of Ireland wanted to manage their own affairs. They were not permitted to do it, because the opponents of Government held that the Irish people were unworthy to be trusted. He did not believe that God had made any one of these three nations unworthy to be trusted. The electors of the country must not allow the issue to be darkened. If the verdict of the country was in favour of the people of Ireland, there would be a thrill of joy throughout the civilized world. At Carlisle Mr. Gladstone referred to the controversy between Lord Carnarvon and JUNE 886 JUNE Mr. Parnell. He said it was unfortunate that while Lord Carnarvon had told them what he did not say, he had not told them what he did say, and while he had told them that he did not communicate his conversation with Mr. Parnell to the Cabinet, he had not told them to whom he did communicate it. On arriving in Edinburgh at ten minutes to nine Mr. Glad- stone was received by an enormous crowd. The people as soon as they caught sight of the right hon. gentleman burst into cheers, which were continued until the Premier reached the Royal Hotel, where he was to stay during the campaign. 17 . — Inaugural meeting of the Scottish Asso- ciation to promote Self-Government in Ireland held in Glasgow to-night under the presidency of Lord Rosebery. Lord Dalhousie moved a resolution in accordance with the objects of the association, and said that if Ireland was to be governed as it ought to be governed the spirit of nationality must be recognized. As this sentiment was deep in the hearts of Scotchmen, it would be unreasonable for them to complain at its possession by Irishmen. The noble chairman, in his opening address, said the verdict of the country might be against the Government. They might have to wait two or three more years of sorrow and disaster before their policy was adopted ; but it must ultimately be adopted in obedience to the irrevocable judgment of justice and truth. Among the other speakers were the Earl of Elgin and Mr. Ferguson of Novar. — Died, aged 54, H. H. Zookaji Rao Holkar, Maharajah of Indore, who had devoted himself to the task of raising the prosperity of his State and increasing the welfare of his people. — Died at Duffield, Derbyshire, aged 69, Llewellyn Jewitt, F.S.A., archeologist. 18 . — Mr. Gladstone commences his Mid- lothian campaign to-night by addressing a crowded and enthusiastic meeting in the Music Hall, Edinburgh. He said that just as Inker- man was the soldiers’ battle, so was this the people’s election ; and he believed the deter- mination and strong sense of justice in the people would make up for the disaffections in the Liberal ranks. What he saw the day before convinced him that the people were determined to carry this measure, and he was sure Scotland was not averse to it. As had been said, the controversy must be brought speedily to a close, or public business would be interrupted and social order in Ireland would not be restored. He denied that the question could not be satisfactorily dealt with. It could be satisfactorily dealt with if the country spoke out decisively, and when it was settled people would wonder why they had opposed it, as they had wondered in the case of other great measures which had become law. He pointed out that of the Conservative party forty members owed their seat to the Parnellite vote, and had Liberals been re- turned the question at issue might have been decided by this time. As the matter stood they did not ask Parliament to pledge itself to the details of the bill ; indeed lie always said there was not a particular which Parliament was not free to change, and he should readily have welcomed any improvements which could have been made. What they wanted to do was to establish an effective local legislative body for Ireland to manage Irish affairs, which should be compatible with the union of the Empire, based upon sound economic princi- ples, and an equitable adjustment of Imperial burdens, with reasonable safetyguards for the minority. That was a sound and rational solution of the question, and that was what the bill was intended to effect. The bill was dead, but the principle survived, and he was disappointed at the barrenness and servility of their critics. He expressed his surprise at the attitude Lord Carnarvon assumed in reference to Mr. Parnell, and said he was sure Lord Salisbury must have known of the interview which took place. He reviewed the alternative policies of Lord Hartington and Mr. Cham- berlain, which, he said, were halting, shifting, and visionary, having no finality, and claimed for the Government policy that it would settle the question to the satisfaction of Ireland and credit of England. 18 . — Lord Salisbury, speaking at a Con- servative demonstration at Leeds to-night, said the Irish Bill on which the Gladstone Government staked its existence a week ago had died, and before the death it was aban- doned. It was a measure which threatened the empire, in support of which the Con- servative party now appealed to the country. The Ministerialists had misrepresented their opponents. Mr, Parnell had stated, and Lord Spencer and Mr. Gladstone had directly re- peated the charge, that the late Government were in favour of granting Home Rule with protection for Irish industries, and that they only abandoned their proposals when the electors turned against them. That was a statement without any foundation in fact. Leaving Lord Carnarvon’s explanation to speak for itself, the noble Marquis asserted his views had never changed with reference to the expediency of granting a Legislature to Ireland. He always and still thought the thing impracticable, and, if it were conceded, it would ultimately lead to separation, to the severing of the last link, as Mr. Parnell had said at Cincinnati, which bound Ireland to England. Separation was the end to which the Government measures pointed. There was not a united demand for Home Rule, for Ire- land spoke with two voices. The second voice represented one-fourth or one-third of the whole population, and that minority resolutely and bitterly opposed separation. The majority of the people of Ulster and the Loyalists 1543 JUNE 1886 JUNE generally entirely and vehemently objected to the rule of the National League — with manacles for their feet and a rod for their back. He had never been in favour of coercion, except against murderers, robbers, mutilators of cattle, and those whose system of terror made life bitter to many. He adjured Conservatives to sink party in the ensuing contest, and to support candidates, however they might differ from them otherwise, who were in favour of the maintenance of the Union. 18. — The county of Armagh and the greater portion of the county of Tyrone “ proclaimed ” under the Peace Px-eservation Act. 19 . — Before the House of Lords Committee on the Manchester Ship Canal, it was stated that Messrs. Lucas and Aird had offered to undertake the work for .£5,750,000. — Sir M. Hicks-Beach and Lord Randolph Churchill issue their election addresses. The former said that the attack on the connection between Great Britain and Ireland has come, not from the Irish Nationalists, but from the Ministers of the Crown, Mr. Gladstone, in spite of his previous utterances, having sud- denly sprung upon the country an Irish policy which is alike dishonourable to Great Britain and disastrous to Ireland, and can only lead to separation or civil war. Denying that the only alternative is coercion, Sir M. Hicks-Beach holds that the rights of Ireland are similar to those of Great Britain, but in both islands the Imperial Parliament must be supreme in prac- tice as well as in theory, and sufficient power should be retained by the Executive responsible to Parliament to secure the due administration of law and justice. Ireland enjoys at least her full share of Parliamentary representation and influence, and Mr. Gladstone’s proposals would only be used to promote disintegration. Yet for this the country is asked to break up that Parliament which has been a model of re- presentative institutions to other countries, and to impose immense liabilities on the taxpayers of Great Britain. Lord Randolph Churchill condemns the dissolution as the most wanton political convulsion which has afflicted the country in the present generation, and says the caprice of an individual is elevated to the dig- nity of an act of the people by the boundless egoism of the Prime Minister. The United Kingdom is to be disunited for the purpose of securing in office by aid of a disloyal faction subsisting on foreign gold a Government de- serted by all who conferred upon it character or reputation. Mr. Gladstone, says Lord Ran- dolph, has reserved for his closing days a conspiracy against the honour of Britain and the welfare of Ireland startlingly base and nefarious. — Mr. John Morley, acknowledging a vote of confidence in the Government at a Liberal demonstration held in St. George’s Hall, Brad- ford, to-night, said that he was happy to call 1544 on them on his way to Newcastle to say a few words of encouragement on what he believed to be a winning battle. Unless the Irish people were granted a Parliament in Dublin to deal with their own affairs the English Parlia- ment will have to resort to coercion. Lord Salisbury denied at Leeds that he had advo- cated coercion except against murderers, burg- lars, and mutilators of cattle ; but why then did he say that he would repeat these repressive laws for twenty years ? The Irish people would not accept a lesser boon than that which had been offered them by Mr. Gladstone, who had produced a plan that Irish statesmen were willing to accept and work. The Prime Minister, through his having sympathy with the Irish people, was the only man to settle the Irish question. 19 . — Died at Milan, aged 64, the Hon. Augustus Charles Hobart (Hobart Pasha). For some time commander in the Royal navy, he subsequently became an admiral in the Turkish navy, and distinguished himself greatly during the Russo-Turkish war of 1877. — Died, aged 79, Sir Charles Edward Tre- velyan, K.C.B., Indian administrator. 20. — The entry of the Queen upon the 50th year of her reign celebrated by a special form of service prescribed by the Archbishops and Bishops to their respective dioceses. — The Prince of Wales, accompanied by the Princess of Wales and their family, laid the foundation-stone of the new Tower Bridge across the Thames, designed, at a cost of £750,000, to cross the river without impeding the navigation of large ships. — Died, aged 51, Jyajee Scindiah, Maha- rajah of Gwalior, G.C.S.I., one of the few native princes who rendered loyal and import- ant service to Britain during the trying mutiny time of 1857. 21. — Mr. Gladstone addresses another crowded meeting in Edinburgh, and is again enthusiastically received. He regretted that he should have once more to devote his atten- tion to the one subject of Ireland ; but until the Irish question was settled Parliament could not be set free, and those domestic reforms which they had hoped to pass could not be dealt with. Ireland blocked the way, and for that the Tory party were responsible. Lord Salisbury had answered everything he had not said on this subject, but had overlooked what he had said, and he intended to repeat the question — What was the nature of Lord Cax*- narvon’s negotiations with Mr. Parnell, and did he communicate them to Lord Salisbury ? The country was entitled to an answer on these points, and he awaited it. Referring to Mr. Goschen’s position and the representation of Edinburgh, he said he was sure that city would adhere to her true Liberalism. Mr. Goschen, no doubt, in his sincere belief was a JUNE 1 886 JUNE Liberal, but unfortunately, for years past, his energies had been mainly directed towards stopping the progress of Liberalism. Like Lord Hartington he called himself a Unionist Liberal, but these gentlemen had no claim to such a title, and he would not admit it. They were seceding Liberals, and supporters of a paper union which was brought about by fraud and force, and never had commended itself to the people principally affected. He wanted to see a union of flesh, heart, and mind, and they were not Unionists who would vote against it. They were opposed to the honourable tradi- tions of the Liberal party. With regard to the Land Purchase Bill, which had not proved acceptable to Lord Hartington and others, it was dead, but in dealing with Home Rule he should never forget honourable obligations. Self-government was their great aim, consistent with the security of the Imperial Union. He denied that he had concealed his ideas and had sprung them suddenly on Parliament. He said last autumn that if eighty Parnellites were returned the Irish question would demand set- tlement. He had never expected, however, that the demand would have been so wise and moderate that it could with safety be given. He entreated them not to lose this golden op- portunity of settling the Irish demand. It was within their reach, and if they missed it there must be another miserable round of coercion and disappointment. 22. — Mr. Bright writes to Mr. Caine: “I see you are engaged in a fight at Barrow. I much hope you will win. It is not pleasant to see how unforgiving some of our heretofore Liberal friends are if their representatives refuse to surrender judgment and conscience to the demands or sudden changes of their political leader. The action of our clubs and associations is rapidly engaged in making dele- gates of their members, and in insisting on their forgetting all principles if the interests of a party or the leader of a party are supposed to be at stake. What will be the value of party when its whole power is laid at the dis- posal of a leader from whose authority no appeal is allowed? At this moment it is notorious that scores of members of the House of Commons have voted with the Government who in private have condemned the Irish Bills. Is it wise for a Liberal elector or constituency to prefer such a member, abject at the feet of of a Minister, to one who takes the course dictated by his conscience and his sense of honour? But we need not despair. The ninety-three who voted in the majority have done much to redeem the Liberals from the discredit of accepting a measure which the majority of them condemned. I hope the good people of Barrow will sustain you in your honest course. Believe me, yours sincerely, John Bright.” — The French Senate passed the Princes Expulsion Bill by a secret vote of 141 against 107 ; the first clause of the bill, decreeing the compulsory exile of the Comte de Paris, Prince Napoleon, and their eldest sons, having been previously passed by an open vote of 137 to 122. 23 . — Before quitting Paris, the Comte de Paris, one of the expelled Princes, issues a manifesto to his countrymen, in which he pro- tests against the violence done him. Ven- geance, he says, is taken in his person on the three and a half million votes which last Octo- ber condemned the faults of the Republic, and it is in this way sought to intimidate those who were detaching themselves from the present regime. France, however, he continued, taught by experience, will not be misled either as to the cause or the authors of the ills she suffers, but will recognise that the monarchy, of which he is the representative, can alone reduce to impotence the men of disorder who threaten the repose of the country, can alone secure political and religious liberty, restore public fortune, and give to French democratic society a strong government, with a stability which would be in the eyes of Europe a pledge of lasting peace. — The death announced at Auteuil, in his fifty-second year, of Douglas Home, the well-known “medium.” 24 . — The Duke of Argyll, in a letter, states that Mr. Gladstone, in his recent speech at Glasgow, on almost every point on which he touched, was visibly leading the people off the scent. His Grace believed that the Premier’s statement that his own scheme was the scheme of Mr. Parnell was nothing more than a pas- sionate oratorical exaggeration of the fact that Mr. Parnell sees it to be politic in the mean- time to accept the scheme as a whole — sure, as he may well be, that the new Dublin Parlia- ment will soon be able to make short work with the limitations. — Mr. Bright issues his address to the electors of the Central Division of Birming- ham. He declined to pledge himself to the principle of Home Rule, which had not been explained by its author or supporters, and declared that the experience of the past three months had not increased his confidence in the wisdom of the Government or their Irish policy. He still held to an opinion expressed in 1872, that to have two legislative assemblies in the United Kingdom would be an intolerable mischief; and he could not trust the peace and interests of Ireland to the Irish Parli- mentary party, to whom the Government now propose to make a general surrender. 25 . — The single session of the Queen’s eleventh Parliament prorogued by Royal Com- mission. — The Prince and Princess of Wales opened a new wing of Queen Charlotte’s Lying-in Hospital, one of the oldest volun- tarily supported charities in England. 1545 JUNE 886 JUNE 25 . — The Marquis of Ilartington arrived in Glasgow this afternoon, and was enthusiastic- ally received by an immense concourse of people. His lordship addressed a great Unionist meeting in St. Andrew’s Hall in the evening, under the presidency of Sir Edward Colebrooke. Referring to the designation of Paper Unionists, he said that if under that name Mr. Gladstone wished to signify that they were supporters of the Act of Union, he did not disclaim the title ; but the Imperial Parliament and the Imperial Government which bound the two countries together did not exist merely on paper, and the term was equally applicable to those who proposed that the only tie between Great Britain and Ireland should be a paper constitution, the like of which had been unknown up to the present moment. The proposals of the Government required more precise definition. The restric- tions provided in the Home Rule Bill were inadequate and futile, and the power of veto would lead to a legislative deadlock, but would not provide a Government for Ireland. Practically the control proposed to be given to the Irish Parliament was for the exclusive management of Irish affairs and not for the management of exclusively Irish affairs. Mr. Gladstone had now disclaimed all connection with the bill, and had contended solely for the principle, but it was impossible to tell whether a plan could be framed to embody the prin- ciple consistently with the conditions which Mr. Gladstone had laid down until they had seen the plan, and he questioned whether the construction of such a plan lay within the range of human ingenuity. His lordship doubted whether the Irish party represented the people of Ireland, and whether in a country under the sway of the National League free election of representatives was possible. With regard to Mr. Gladstone’s charges of inconsistency, he pointed out that there had been no change in the men against whom the Prime Minister had invoked the resources of civilization five years ago. Mr. Gladstone had no precedent for the position in which he was now placing the country. Though the Home Rule Bill had been thrown aside by the Government, something very similar in scope would be re- produced, but no inkling was given of their intentions regarding the Land Purchase scheme, and he feared that if the first mea- sure passed the second would become an absolute necessity. With respect to the elec- j tion, an alliance was needed, for he saw no sufficient signs of an independent spirit in the ranks of the Ministerialists to warrant their leaving the matter to the open arbitrament of the next Parliament, and he therefore held that the interests of the country would be best consulted, not by their abstention from voting, but by their voting for Unionist candidates irrespective of any other political considera- tion. He did not believe that any party in this country was so foolish or weak as to love 1546 coercion for its own sake, and he was not to be intimidated by the word coercion from sup- porting or even proposing measures for the enforcement of just and equal laws. A reso- lution declaring in favour of Unionist can- didates was carried by an overwhelming majority. 25 . — Mr. Gladstone visits Manchester, and is conducted in what he himself described as “a triumphal procession ” to the Free Trade Hall, where he addressed a large audience. On his way from Ilawarden he was greeted with hearty cheers by a vast crowd at Chester, and at Warrington, where there was another large gathering, he said in a brief speech that the Government had great powers and great classes against them, but if the people were with them, and he believed they were, it did not matter who opposed them. At the Free Trade Hall he referred to Mr. Bright, and noticed that though he was opposed to the Irish Bills he had shown no eagerness to be in the forefront of the battle . In connection with the Land Purchase Bill he challenged Mr. Chamberlain to produce to the country the plan he had prepared for submission to the Government in February last. It would be found to stand in curious contrast with that right honourable gentleman’s latest views on the question. Mr. Gladstone admitted that the Land Purchase Bill had been ill received by the country. He explained that it ought to be considered as so many clauses of the Home Rule Bill, and if a better method could be obtained, or if it could be shown that there was no cause of honour, or duty, or policy for persevering with it, it was open to review, reconstruction, or even rejection. — Mr. Gladstone, in a letter to Dr. Foster, M.P. for Chester, says that to recommend twenty years, of resolute government, with some repeal of coercive laws and grant of local government at the end, although a mis- chievous conception, has more, though not much, promise of being effectual than the intermediate and fantastic schemes which have come to birth under the exigencies of the election. He referred to the description by the Duke of Westminster of the Irish Bills as evil and monstrous, but thought the Duke was hardly a safe guide in politics, — In a letter to Mr. Peter Rylands, Mr. Bright says it is grievous to see with what bitterness Liberals can treat Liberals whose fault is that they have consistently supported principles which all Liberals accepted less than a year ago. — Mr. Parnell, speaking at Portsmouth to- night, declares that Mr. Gladstone’s proposal was accepted by Ireland as being a far more durable settlement than even the repeal of the Union. Imperial unity, in his view, did not i necessitate the unity of legislation. JUNE 1886 JUNE 25 . — Amended Extradition Treaty between Great Britain and the United States signed in London. — Died Dr. Alex. McAuslane, of Victoria Park Congregational Church, London, in his fifty-ninth year. 26 . — The Queen held a Council at Windsor, when a proclamation was issued dissolving Parliament and ordering another to meet on August 5. This, amongst the shortest Parlia- ments on record, had lasted only 5 months and 14 days — January 12th to June 26th. — From a list of the candidates now before the constituencies, corrected down till this day, it appeared that in Great Britain there are 420 Gladstonian candidates, 145 Unionists, and 371 Conservatives before the electors. Gladstonian candidates were in 94 instances opposed by Unionists, and in 279 cases by Conservatives. “ The constituencies in which both Unionist and Conservative can- didates were in the field have been reduced to five. There are still no fewer than 207 seats where no contest is threatened, and for these unopposed seats 63 Gladstonians, 43 Unionists, and 101 Conservatives are the fortunate can- didates. In Ireland very little change has taken place, the great majority of the Parnell- ites are still unopposed, and only a few new Conservative and Unionist candidates come forward in Ulster.” — The Marquis of Hartington, speaking to-night at a Liberal Unionist demonstration in the Town Hall, Paisley, addressed himself to the consideration of the case of Ulster. Mr. Gladstone, he said, had previously admitted that the case of Ulster was one that ought to be seriously considered, and declared himself as prepared to entertain suggestions which had been made for meeting the difficulty when put in practical shape. His reasons now how- ever for not meeting the demand of the Ulster Protestants was that he (the Marquis of Hart- ington) had given him no assistance, that Major Saunderson had declared in name of the Orangemen that nothing would induce them to consent to the separation of Ireland from England, and that he had been convinced by the powerful arguments of Mr. Parnell. The whole experiment indicated by the Irish policy of the Government was fraught v ith danger, and possibly with disaster. Mr. Morley had admitted that it would not be safe in some districts in Ireland to give local authorities control over the police, and yet by this mea- sure similar power would be given to the Executive exercising control over the whole country. The Government policy was one of despair, and, should it fail them, on their own confession the only alternative would be separation. — Mr. Henry Irving delivers an address on the Drama at Oxford University, Dealing with the alternation of the periods of natural 1547 acting and those of artificiality which have characterised the English stage, he gave inter- esting sketches of the times and methods of Burbage, Betterton, Garrick, and Kean. The Vice-Chancellor, Professor Jowett, thanked the lecturer in a graceful speech, while the lecturer was presented with an address and a copy of Shakespeare by the undergraduates. 27 . — Dr. W. B. Robertson, of Trinity Church, Irvine, one of the best-known minis- ters in the United Presbyterian Church, died suddenly to-day at Bridge of Allan, where he was on a visit to his sister. Dr. Robertson was 74 years of age. 28 . — Mr. Gladstone addresses an enthusias- tic assembly this afternoon in Hengler’s Circus, Liverpool. There were at least 6,000 present. The right hon. gentleman referred to the various methods of conducting a contest, and in this case claimed to have the argument and enthusiasm on the side of the Government. Never, he said, had he seen so much enthu- siasm raised in any cause as was exhibited now. The speeches of Lord Hartington and his friends were not the result of the weakness of the men, but of the poverty of their cause. It was true, as Lord Hartington said, that in 1881 he denounced the National party, because he thought they were wrong. He supported them now, because he thought and knew they were right. He believed that the measure they were now offering would win the allegi- ance of Ireland to the Imperial Parliament, and he denied that they were offering privi- leges to the National party which they refused to Ulster. Any proposals as to Ulster would receive careful attention. As to land purchase, he utterly repudiated the argument that the British taxpayer would suffer, pointing out the difference in spending and investing money. He added his belief that Ireland was as anxious as any other part of the kingdom to act up to its obligations. The Premier then criticised the manifesto which was signed by Lord Derby, and said he was sure that his lordship would not have put his hand to it unless in company. He saw nothing in the scheme to lead to the results dreaded, and declared that it was a struggle between classes and masses, the latter always being in the right where truth, justice, and humanity were at stake. He said he alluded to Lord Randolph Churchill, for the first time in the campaign and probably the last. If they could cut out of Lord Randolph half the qualifies he possessed, out of the other half they might make a valuable and distin- guished public servant, but he referred to him simply to say that Lord Randolph Churchill had declared that classes might go wrong, that the Pall Mall clubs might go wrong, but that the people never did so. Parliament at present was paralysed in consequence of the discontent of Ireland. He believed that justice would be done, and that the result would be a growth of population and increased prosperity. He desired to hold Ireland by love and not by 0 0 * JUNE JUNE 1886 force ; and a blacker and fouler mixture of fraud and force never darkened the pages of history than that which accomplished the paper Union. We had done nothing to atone for it, and were bound in honour to do so now, and not continue to concede to force what we denied as an act of justice. He expressed confidence in the result of the contest. The Premier afterwards crossed to Birkenhead, being enthusiastically greeted on his way, and returned to Plawarden. 28 . — The Prince and Princess of Wales laid the foundation-stone of the Queen's Hall, a portion of the People’s Palace of Recreation at Mile End. — Balruddery Mansion, the residence of Mr. Martin White, a Dundee merchant, de- stroyed by fire. Some valuables were saved, but the total damage is estimated at between ^40,000 and ,£50,000. 29 . — Lord Salisbury presided to-night at the banquet of the Constitutional Union of Great Britain and Ireland, held in St. James’s Hall, when there was a large and enthusiastic gather- ing of Conservatives. Speaking on behalf of the Union, he said he felt it his duty to give a contradiction to Mr. Parnell’s statement of what took place at the alleged interview be- tween that gentleman and Lord Carnarvon. Before the interview Lord Salisbury had told Lord Carnarvon that even if the Conservative party were in favour of Home Rule for Ireland he would not consent to carry it out. To say nothing of Lord Carnarvon’s admitted honour, it was not likely that he should have been fool enough, a few days after knowing Lord Salis- bury’s views, to propose an Irish Parliament to Mr. Parnell. Nor was there any truth in the statement of the hon. member for Cork that the Land Purchase Bill was the result of that interview with Lord Carnarvon. The Land Purchase Bill of last year was passed through all the stages in the House of Lords before Lord Carnarvon had met Mr. Parnell. Mr. Gladstone had made much of a letter which he wrote to a friend offering to assist the late Government in settling the Irish question. There was no reference to Home Rule in that letter, and after carefully considering it Lord Salisbury sent a courteous reply, believing it was a specimen of Mr. Gladstone’s perfected manufacture of loopholes — an industry in which he had been engaged f >r fifty years. Mr. Gladstone now confessed that he had not said a word against the principle of Home Rule for fifteen years, yet all that time he had allowed his colleagues to pledge themselves to the hilt in defence of a united Parliament. — Banquet by the Lord Mayor of Lon- don to the principal persons connected with the Colonial and Indian Exhibition ; the Prince of Wales, who was present, expressed his belief that the Exhibition would form an epoch 1548 in the reign of the Queen, and hoped that by some means a permanent Colonial Exhibition might be formed in London. 30 .— The Queen opened the Royal Hol- loway College for Women, a magnificent in- stitution capable of accommodating 400 girl students ; erected and endowed by the late Mr. Thomas Holloway, at a cost of J 8 oo,ooo. — Mr. John Bright and Dr. Wendell Holmes are amongst the distinguished persons upon whom the .degree of honorary D.C.L. is conferred at the Oxford Commemoration. — Nominations of candidates begin in the English constituencies. Liverpool, in which only six of the nine divisions were contested, had the distinction of heading the list of the new Parliament by returning unopposed for West Toxeth, East Toxeth, and Everton, Mr. T. Royden, Baron de Worms, and Mr. E. Whitley — all Conservatives — who represented these divisions in the last Parliament. The list of candidates corrected up to date showed that there were 1079 in the field, o! whom 523 were Ministerialists and 556 Conservatives and Liberal Unionists. There were 264 unopposed seats, 55 of which were held by Ministerialists, 33 by Liberal Unionists, 95 by Conservatives, 13 in Ireland by Unionists and 68 by National- ists — showing in the aggregate 123 seats held by supporters of the Government policy and 14I by their opponents. - — Lord Hartington, speaking at Cardiff in support of Mr. Henry Brand’s candidature, contended that the proposed Irish policy was more important than any of the issues which divided the English parties, and therefore he and those who thought with him were bound as honest men to ally themselves with those whose views were in close connection with theirs on this question. He examined the arguments used by Mr. Parnell recently in Cardiff, and denied that there was any analogy between the circumstances of our colonies and those of Ireland which, should lead us to grant to Ireland such separate legislature as they' possessed. He maintained that the doctrines and aims of the Parnellites were still as dan- gerous as when Mr. Gladstone himself de- nounced them. It was not the resources of civilisation that were triumphing, but the policy and men against whom these resources were invoked. Responsibility and power might develop excellent qualities in Mr. Parnell and his followers, but the risk was too serious to undertake. Our honour was pledged to do equal justice to all classes in Ireland, and we were dealing with the rights, liberties, and even livelihood of a large minority devoted to the Crown and the Empire. Mr. Gladstone’s measure might not “thrust them out of their allegiance,” but it would certainly exclude them from their rights, one of which was to lay their grievances before the Imperial Parliament. JUNE 1886 JULY 30 . — Mr. Parnell addresses a large meeting held at Manchester under the auspices of the Liberal Club. He declared that the chief ob- jections against the Home Rule Bill — that it would lead to separation and endanger the Protestant minority — were absolutely un- founded and dishonest. Dealing with the Carnarvon episode and Lord Salisbury’s recent letter on the subject he contended that Lord Salisbury had not disproved any of his asser- tions, and that there was clear evidence to show that the Irish party had reason to expect a statutory legislature from the Tories after the last election. The circumstances attending the passing of the Land Bill, he urged, sufficed to show that it was owing to his (Mr. Parnell’s) representations that that measure was passed. It was only after it had been found that the Irish party were unable to keep the Tories in power that Lord Carnarvon was told that Home Rule would not be granted, and his Lordship at once resigned. Lord Salisbury had been guilty of a most unworthy sub- terfuge in saying that the Cabinet had not done this or that. The time had never been ripe for the question to be taken up by the Cabinet. Mr. Parnell concluded by expressing his confidence that the people of Great Britain would return Mr. Gladstone, and show Lord Hartington and Lord Salisbury that they were not willing to accompany them in their useless course of twenty years of coercion, repression, and suspension of Irish representation. — The appeals of Sir Charles Dilke and Mrs. Crawford against the decision of the President of the Divorce Court refusing to allow them to appear as parties when the in- tervention of the Queen’s Proctor in the Craw- ford-Dilke divorce case took place, are heard in the Court of Appeal. The Court dismissed both appeals, that of Sir Charles Dilke on the ground that he, not having availed himself of the opportunity of giving evidence at the trial, it would be wrong to allow him to do so now, and with regard to Mrs. Crawford, that she was not a party to the intervention of the Queen’s Proctor. The Court further refused leave to appeal to the House of Lords. An application was afterwards made that the case should be tried before a special jury in the Divorce Court, and ultimately the case was placed at the head of a special jury list, which might enable the hearing to take place on 16th July. July 1 . — The first contested election — that of Colchester — takes place, when Mr. H. J. Trotter, the Conservative candidate and late member, was returned with a majority of 295 over his opponent, Mr. R. K. Causton, the Ministerial candidate. — The Right Hon. G. J. Goschen addresses a large meeting of Unionists in St. Andrew’s Hall, Glasgow, the audience numbering 4,000 or 5,000 persons. Mr. Goschen was received with long-continued cheering, and at the outset O (J 2 alluded to analogies which had been drawn between the case of Ireland and the colonies, submitting that the situation of Ireland as com- pared with those foreign countries was entirely different in almost every particular. The colonies had been endowed with much greater privileges than those that were offered to Ireland, and if there had been no friction with the colonies, he held, it was because the causes of friction had been carefully eliminated, but the causes for friction in Ireland would be left if the Government scheme were adopted. As to the historical argument, he was not too sure whether, if the Ministerialists repealed the Union and restored Grattan’s Parliament, they would not secure the unity of the country more than by the proposals of Her Majesty’s Government, for, with the executive in the hands of the Irish, they would have infinitely more power than they had during Grattan’s Parliament, In conclusion, Mr. Goschen called upon his hearers not to abandon their obliga- tions of honour to a large portion of the popu- lation of Ireland by handing over that country to the Nationalist party — a transaction which, he said, would be one of folly, cowardice, and shame. 1. — Mr Bright was to-day returned to Par- liament, along with four others of the seven representatives of Birmingham, without a contest. — Mr. Bright speaks for the first time on the Irish proposals of the Government at a meeting held to-night in the Town Hall, Birmingham. He maintained that the legis- lation proposed by Mr. Gladstone was only another step forward through rapine to the breaking of the United Kingdom. The pro- posals in regard to the land were indeed so ludicrous that he might be excused for think- ing that in the difficulties of his position the Prime Minister had lost his head. If his pro- posals were carried, instead of distributing the rental over the various proprietors of the soil, it would go into the pockets of a Receiver- General appointed by Parliament in London, the object being to repay money raised by the British Government to purchase out the landlords — the Receiver-General coming in a foreign garb to demand the whole of the rents. The question was, Would he get them? Mr. Bright also criticised the scheme for the government of Ireland. As an alternative plan he suggested that the Irish representatives should have a more direct influence on its own legislation. With this view his scheme was that the hundred members returned to Parlia- ment from Ireland should be formed into a committee, called the Irish Committee for Ireland, that a bill affecting Irish affairs pro- posed by any member should be read a first time, and then be referred to the committee, which should make any alterations it thought necessary. 549 JULY 1886 JULY 1. — Mr. John Bright, in thanking his electors for returning him unopposed, reviewed in homely language the political situation, and his own action on the Irish question. He pointed out that for three-and-twenty years before Mr. Gladstone took up the Irish ques- tion he had been urging attention to matters connected with it, and had seen some of his reforms tardily carried out. Looking back however on the history of the previous seven- teen years, he asked whether any Parliament in the world could have done more for the country it represented than the Parliament of Westminster had done for Ireland. The result of all his study of the Irish question — a study conducted on the spot, in two long visits, as well as by careful reading — was, “that with all my sympathy with Ireland, I am entirely against anything in any shape which shall be called a Parliament in Dublin.’’ As for Mr. Gladstone’s statutory legislature, he described it as “a vestry which will be incessantly beat- ing against the bars of its cage, striving to become a parliament.” Concerning the pro- posed arrangement for bringing back Irish members to Westminster to discuss Imperial questions, he asked, “What would be the result of having an intermittent Irish fever in the House of Commons?” He protested against “thrusting out from the shelter and the justice of the United Parliament” the 2,000,000 out of 5,000,000 “who remain with us, who cling to us, who passionately resent the attempt to drive them from the protection of the Parliament of their ancestors.” He utterly declined to surrender the field to a Parliamentary party from Ireland, “one-half of whom have dollars in their pockets sub- scribed by the enemies of England in the United States.” “ There may be men,” he said, “ who have read more history than I have, and who remember better what they have read ; but I believe that history has no example of a monarchy or a republic sub- mitting to a capitulation at once so unneces- sary and so humiliating.” — Lord Ilartington, speaking to-night at Bristol in support of the candidature of Mr. Lewis Fry, said Unionist Liberals must be practical, and recognise that they could not resist the Government policy except with Con- servative assistance. They ought to support candidates whose opinions agreed with theirs on this issue, altogether irrespective of their former party connection. He examined Mr. Gladstone’s assertion that he had foreshadowed his present policy before last election, and declared that the passages relied on by the Premier did not support this assertion, even if they were sufficient to relieve him from a charge of inconsistency. Mr. Gladstone had before last election deprecated dependence on Irish support in dealing with Ireland, yet he had undertaken his present policy in reliance on that support, and had, the more he was 1550 deserted by Liberals, the more unreservedly thrown himself upon the support of Mr. Parnell. 2. — Iler Majesty, who was accompanied by the Prince and Princess of Wales and several other members of the Royal Family, holds a review at Aldershot, in presence of the Indian and Colonial visitors, for whom there was a special enclosure set apart, the military display having been arranged mainly in their honour. The weather was beautifully fine, and although the number of men on the ground fell several thousand short of the number anticipated, the display was very imposing, the brigades in- cluding the Guards and the Royal Marines, whilst ten batteries of the Horse and Field Artillery were present. According to the field state the total strength on parade was 14,478 of all ranks, with 2,376 horses and 56 guns. The Queen returned to Windsor Castle in the evening. — There were 49 members returned un- opposed to the new Parliament to-day— three in Scotland, 41 in England, and five in Ire- land. The Scotch members were Mr. Glad- stone for Midlothian, and Mr. J. A. Campbell and Mr. J. H. A. Macdonald for the Univer- sities. Mr. Gladstone was also returned for the Leith Burghs. Yesterday’s pollings re- sulted in the return of 78 members, the only contested election in Scotland being that of Perth, for which city Mr. C. S. Parker again received a majority. Of the remaining 77, all English members, 55 were Unionists and 19 Ministerialists, — Terrific explosion of about 2,500 lbs. of dynamite at the Atlantic Dynamite Company’s Works, McCainsville, New Jersey. Of ten men in the bursting room no recognisable fragment was found, while a dozen others were wounded. The concussion was felt to a dis- tance of twenty miles. 3 . — Lord Hartington states his views very clearly as to the duty of Liberal voters at the Scotch elections, “I have no hesitation,” says his lordship in a letter to Mr. James Grahame, “in stating that in my opinion the question of the Irish policy of the Government so greatly transcends in importance any other now before the constituencies that it is the duty of every Liberal to give his support and vote to that candidate who represents most closely his views upon this subject, irrespec- tive of any other party or political considera- tions.” — Installation of the new Maharajah of Gwalior ; Sir Gunput Rao being appointed regent during the Prince’s minority. 4 -. — Mr. Gladstone, in a letter to a corre- spondent, refers to Liberal candidates who intend to oppose not only the Liberal Govern- ment, but also the “ just and reasonable demand now just made by the vast majority of the jul y 1 886 JULY Iri-h people through the constitutional medium of the vast majority of their representatives.” He proceeds — “ Such conduct is a mockery of Liberalism, and it will only block business and all good legislation, perpetuate a most costly discord between the two islands, and perpetuate also the shame of our misconduct to Ireland, at which the whole civilised world stands aghast.” In a telegram with reference to the Warwickshire elections, Mr. Gladstone says that if the country does not wish Dukes and Earls to override the nation and wreck its future it will return Liberal Candidates, not Tories or seceders who are working for and with the Tories. Writing to the Ministerial candidate for the Truro Division of Cornwall, the Pre- mier says nothing can be more important than that right-minded Irish Protestants should be sent to plead what is called the cause of Ire- land, but which is really the cause of the three kingdoms. 5. — The Queen entertained at luncheon, at Windsor Castle, 250 Colonial and Indian visitors. — Mention made that the members re- turned to the new Parliament up till this evening numbers 312 in all — the composition of the total being — the Speaker, 174 Con- servatives, 33 Uni nist Liberals, 75 Glad- stonian Liberals, and 29 Parnellites. Polling took place to-day in twelve Scotch, forty English, and two Irish constituencies. “As far as the results have been made known, there have been three Unionists and four Ministerialists returned for Scotland, and 17 Unionists and 11 Ministerialists for England. There were yesterday 28 members returned unopposed — 16 in England and 12 in Ireland. Of the English members 13 are Unionists and 3 Ministerialists. Of the Irish 11 are Nationalists and 1 — the member for North Londonderry — a Conservative, who is the first Unionist returned in Ireland up to the present. So far Unionists have replaced Ministerial can- didates in 27 seats, while the Ministerialists have secured 1 1 seats which had been pre- viously occupied by Unionist members.” The seats gained by the Unionists were : — Lin- colnshire (Louth), West Bromwich, Chelsea, Finsbury (Central), Southwark (Bermondsey), Hull (East), Glasgow (St. Rollox), Glasgow (Central), St. Pancras (East), and St. Pancras (North). The Ministerialists gained seats in Finsbury (East) and in the Blackfriars Division of Glasgow. — Lord Hartington, addressing a meeting in support of his candidature for Rossendale at Crawshawbooth, denied that in the action which he had taken he had been influenced by any motives of personal ambition. The reason he had objected to the Government proposals was, first, as to the manner in which this policy of reversal had been brought for- ward. There had never been such a great con- stitutional change proposed with so much haste, for not only had it not been discussed in the country, but it had not even been discussed in Parliament. The proposals were a total reversal of the policy of the Liberal party for the last 20 years, which had been the removal of grievances while at the same time keeping a firm administration of the law. He con- tended that if Mr. Gladstone was right now, then the Prime Minister must have been wrong during those 20 years. He admitted that any reasonable demand on the part of Ireland for extended self-government must be considered. 5 . — The first direct passenger train on the Canadian Pacific line reached Port Moody, on the Pacific, punctually, having left Montreal on June 28 with about 70 passengers. — The 500th anniversary of the battle of Sempach celebrated with much enthusiasm at the scene of the battle, and a statue to the memory of Arnold von Winkelried erected on the shore of Sempach Lake, unveiled by the President of the Swiss Republic. 6. — Replying to Mr. Gladstone’s letter with reference to his speech at Birmingham, Mr. Bright expresses sorrow that his words so greatly irritated the Premier. In regard to the statements complained of, Mr. Bright held that from Mr. Gladstone’s speeches in Novem- ber last the country was given to understand that he asked for a majority to enable him to resist Mr. Parnell and not to make a complete surrender to him. Mr. Gladstone’s supporters and opponents and the country had a right to know his intentions with regard to the Land Purchase Bill. The Premier’s language on the subject was rather a puzzle than an explanation, and that of his colleagues, though contradic- tory, was not much clearer. In conclusion, Mr. Bright says he stands by what he said, and he should be surprised if the new Parliament were more favourable to Mr. Gladstone’s Irish measures than the one he had thought it necessary to dissolve. — Serious election riots at Dublin, the Conservative Workmen’s Club and the Orange Lodge being selected for attack by the mob. One man picked up dead, and over thirty injured. — The Cabinet of St. Petersburg notified that, the 59th clause of the Treaty of Berlin notwithstanding, Batoum ceased to be a free port. 7 . — Destructive fire at Brussels University, the ancient palace of Cardinal Granville ; damage done to the extent of one million francs. 8 . — The Queen at Windsor Castle received a number of natives of her foreign dominions, who had come to take part in the Colonial and Indian Exhibition. Presents of gold and silver were offered by those from India, of ivory by the Cingalese, &c. 1551 JULY 1 886 JULY 8. — Death is announced of Cardinal Guibert, Archbishop of Paris, in his eighty-fourth year. He succeeded the martyred Monsignor Darboy in the see of Paris in 1871, and was created a Cardinal two years afterwards. 9 . — In all 528 members have been returned to the new Parliament, leaving 142 still to be elected. Of the members already returned 266 are Conservatives, 52 Unionist Liberals, 137 Gladstonian Liberals, 72 Parnellites, and the Speaker. Pollings took place to-day in 15 Scotch. 29 English, and 3 Irish constituencies, but only in a few instances were the results announced. The Unionists gained an addi- tional success in the Chippenham Division of Yorkshire, but this advantage was neutralised by the return of a Gladstonian candidate in North-West Lanarkshire. There were yester- day six members, all Irish Nationalists, re- turned unopposed. The result of the elections so far is that the Unionists have secured 56 seats and the Gladstonians 26. The result, therefore, is a net gain to the Unionists of 28 seats, counting 56 in a division. This brings up the majority against the Govern- ment Irish policy, which was 30 in the late Parliament, to 86. 11. — A young girl and a police constable, who were bitten by a mad dog, leave Sheffield for Paris to undergo treatment by M. Pasteur. The constable was bitten whilst attempting to seize the dog, which had seized the girl in nine places. 12. — Mr. Gladstone, in a letter to Dr. Foster, the defeated candidate at Chester, says he alike regrets the loss of the candidate’s aid in Parliament, the loss of Chester, and the action of the Duke of Westminster, which he conceives to be a fresh blow struck at the aristocracy by him. — Up to the present 574 members had been enrolled in the new Parliament, leaving 96 to complete the representation of the three king- doms. Of these 60 were Liberal Unionists, and elected 290 Conservatives, making a total of 350 against the Irish policy of the Govern- ment. On the other side the Ministerialists number 15 1 and the Parnellites 72, making a total of 223 for Home Rule — or a minority of 127. The Conservatives hold a majority of 7 over all the other parties combined. The result of polling up to the 10th (Saturday) showed a gain of eight seats by the Unionists — one of which is in Ireland, where Mr. T. Healy has been thrown out at South London- derry — and a gain of four seats by the Minis- terialists. Two of the latter are in Scotland, viz., Sutherlandshire, and the Hawick Burghs, where Sir George Trevelyan has been defeated by Mr. A. L. Brown. The polling on Satur- day has resulted, so far as is yet known, in the acquisition of one seat — Tyneside, North- umberland — by the Ministeralists. The net result up to date is a Unionist gain of 1552 31 seats, giving 62 votes on a division, and bringing the majority against the Govern- ment policy from 30 in the late Parliament to 92. 12 . — Communications received from the North American squadron mention a sad disaster to the crew of Her Majesty’s ship Goshawk. While off Hayti a boat containing 17 of her crew was capsized, and only three of them saved. The news was communicated by signal. — The Due d’Aumale, having received official notice that he had been struck off the Army List, appeals to the Council of State, and addresses a letter to the President of the Republic, reproaching him with interfering with the charter of the army without taking into account the titles won in battle, and reminding him that military grades are be- yond his attack. The Due de Chartres also appealed. — A melancholy disaster, involving the loss of nine lives, takes place at Dunbar. The fishing boat Go Lightly left the harbour in the afternoon with thirteen men and women on board for the purpose of proceeding to the mussel beds for bait, but just when sail had been set, a strong gust of wind listed the boat to one side and turned her over. Several smacks in the harbour went to the rescue, but only four of those in the water were rescued. The nine drowned included three brothers named Huntly and a fisherman, Brown, who, it is stated, lost their own lives in attempting to save the four women, who have also perished. — Lord Hartington leaves Rossendale to attend a meeting at Derby in support of the candidature of Mr. Coke, the Liberal Unionist candidate for South Derbyshire. Before leav- ing, his lordship issued an address to his con- stituents, thanking them for again sending him to Parliament, and acknowledging that this result had been achieved by the loyal and patriotic co-operation of men of all parties. In the course of his speech at the Derby meeting Lord Hartington asked if we were in a moment either of confidence or hopeless despair to surrender all guarantees we now possessed for the maintenance of order in Ireland, in order to try the experiment of putting responsibility and power into the hands of those whose every action up to the present moment had shown that that power would not be used for the repression, but rather for the encouragement of injustice and tyranny. The answer given by the constituencies had so far been in the negative. Mr. Parnell retorted in a letter next day that he knew nothing “further than what can be gained by reading the newspapers of the Fenian organ- isation in either Ireland or America. I have never had any communications with either of these organisations or their leaders, nor have I JULY 1886 JULY accepted any alliance with them. I do not even know who the leaders of these organisa- tions are, nor has there been any means of communication either through the Land League or the National League between me and them.” 12 . — Anniversary of the battle of the Boyne celebrated by the Orange Clubs throughout Ulster without serious disturbance. 12 . — The New York Herald's expedition to the North Pole started under Colonel Gilder. — Died, aged 48, Hon. Edward Romilly, Master of Supreme Court of Judicature. 13 . — Renewal of serious rioting in Belfast between Orangemen and Romanists. The police found it impossible to disperse the ex- cited combatants, and the soldiers in barracks were called out to quell the disturbance. After the Riot Act had been read the military threat- ened to fire, but their attitude had no effect on the rioters, who replied by stone-throwing and revolver shots. The soldiers retaliated, and for some time a sharp fusilade was kept up. About forty persons were ultimately conveyed to the hospitals more or less seriously wounded, while three men, one of them a soldier, were killed on the spot. Subsequently Head- Con- stable Gardiner succumbed to the wounds he had received in the course of the melee. Early next morning order was restored, and there was no further renewal of the disturbance, though the town continued in a very excited state. A large number of arrests were made. Serious disturbances have also occurred in con- nection with the East Tyrone ejection, in the course of which two policemen were injured. It was reported that Mr. Tanner, the newly- elected member for Mid-Cork, would be charged with active participation in the rioting. 15 . — An exciting scene takes place in the French Chamber in connection with M. Ches- nelong’s interpellation regarding the expulsion of the Due d’Aumale. Baron de Lareinty described the action of General Boulanger, Minister of War, as an act of cowardice, and the General, having declared that he could not permit such language, left the tribune. The conduct of the Government was approved in an order of the day passed by 157 to 78 votes. As the result of the incident a duel was arranged between General Boulanger and M. Lareinty. — Consequent upon the deadlock in paro- chial affairs in various parts of Skye, occasioned by the refusal of the crofters to pay rates, the Board of Supervision present a petition to the First Division of the Court of Session to have the Parochial Board of Kilmuir ordained to enforce payment of the arrears of poor-rates in the parish. — The contract for the whole of the works connected with the construction of the Man- chester Ship Canal reported as having been let to Messrs, Lucas & Aird for the^round sum of five and three-quarter millions, which is ^560,000 less than the Parliamentary esti- mates. The whole work is to be completed within four years after the actual commence- ment of operations, and it is estimated that something like 20,000 men will find employ- ment in connection with it. 16 . — The Crawford Divorce Suit comes on for re-hearing, on the intervention of the Queen’s Proctor, in the London Divorce Court, before Sir James Hannen and a special jury. SirW. Phillimore, Q.C., having opened the case for the Queen’s Proctor, Sir Charles Dilke was called to refute the evidence given at the previous hearing. He denied that im- proper relations ever existed between himself and Mrs. Crawford, that he had ever taken her to the house 65 Warren Street, Totttenham Court Road, or that he ever let her into his own house in Sloane Street. In cross-exami- nation Sir Charles said he believed Mrs. Crawford’s motive in making the accusation against him was that she knew she was about to be discovered in infidelity, and determined to fix the guilt upon some one agreed upon ly herself and others. He thought it was a conspiracy on Mrs. Crawford’s part to get a divorce by coupling his name with hers. In explanation of Mrs. Crawford’s visits, Sir Charles said she was very anxious that Mr. Crawford’s political claims should be recog- nised, and he believed the visits were made towards attaining that object. — Archdeacon Farrar, presiding over the British and Colonial Temperance Congress in London, said the general effect of his observa- tions when on the American Continent some time ago was that drinking was less acute and severe there than here, and also that the remedies were more wholesome and ipore stringent. 17 . — An informal meeting of the .Cabinet takes place this (Saturday) evening at Downing Street, where the Prime Minister entertained his colleagues to dinner. The situation was dis- cussed, and Mr. Gladstone’s decision to place his resignation in Her Majesty’s hands was understood to have been received with tolerable unanimity. It was stated that the Premier’s determination was arrived at after consultation with Lord Granville and on receipt of a com- munication from Lord Hartington intimating his inability to join at present any section of the Liberal party which leans on the votes of the Nationalists. The rumour of a coalition Government was altogether uncredited. — The General Election concluded with the exception of the polling for Orkney and Shet- land, but, besides that constituency, the returns for the Southern Divisions of Donegal and Tyrone had yet to be received. The new Par- liament so far, excluding the Speaker, consists 1553 JUL Y 1886 JULY of 74 Liberal Unionists, 317 Conservatives, 19 1 Gladstonian Liberals, and 84 Parnellites. The Unionists thus number 393 and the Sepa- ratists 275, leaving the supporters of the Government Irish policy in the minority by 1 18. Thus far the “classes” have polled 1,498,603 as against 1,406, 156 votes recorded by the “masses,” giving a majority for the Union of 92,447. 17 . — The case of Crawford v. Crawford, the Queen’s Proctor showing cause, was resumed in the Divorce Court to-day (Saturday), when the cross-examination of Sir Charles Dilke was continned by Mr. Matthews. He further denied having been guilty of any impropriety or undue familiarity with Mrs. Crawford. His reasons for addressing the Queen’s Proctor were owing to the comments of newspapers and the persecution he had suffered. Sarah Grey, who left Sir Charles Dilke’s service last October, said her sister Fanny left his service eight years ago, and had never slept in the house since, and had never been his mistress, nor had there been any impropriety between witness and Sir Charles Dilke. She did not know her sister’s present address. Three men servants of Sir Charles Dilke deposed to occa- sional visits of Mrs. Crawford to the house in the mornings, but that she never went upstairs, and only saw Sir Charles Dilke for from a few minutes to a quarter of an hour in the dining- room or the blue room. — Duel between General Boulanger, the French Minister of War, and Baron de La- reinty, a Royalist Senator, in consequence of certain words spoken by the latter during a debate in the Senate. The general’s pistol missed fire, and M. de Lareinty fired without effect. — Shocking accident at Woolwich ; a man’s body embedded in a block of steel. — Died, aged 70, David Stephenson, F.R.S., eminent civil engineer, son of Robert Stephenson. 18 . — Died, aged 87, James Thomson Gib- son-Craig, Writer to the Signet. 20. — The Cabinet met this afternoon, and after a discussion which lasted for an hour and a half it was resolved to resign at once rather than wait for the decision of the new House of Commons — “a course which, it is understood, was advocated by Mr. Morley and Sir W. Harcourt. A special messenger left in the evening for the Isle of Wight to convey the ‘dutiful communication’ of the Ministry to Her Majesty, and it was regarded as a matter of course that Lord Salisbury, who is to arrive in London to day from the Continent, will immediately be sent for.” — In the case of Crawford v. Crawford re- sumed to-day in the Divorce Court, the cross- examination of Mrs. Rogerson was continued, 1554 and after other evidence Mrs. Crawford went into the box. She deposed as to the acts alleged to have been committed with Sir Charles Dilke at Warren and Sloane Streets, and repeated her statement as to the presence of the girl Fanny on one occasion. With refer- ence to the anonymous letters, she expressed her opinion that one of them was like Mrs. Rogerson’s writing. She made the confession to her husband because of the anonymous com- munications arriving. She had never been happy with him, as he often suspected her, and she thought he ought to know the whole truth. She married him because people wished her to do so. In cross-examination, Mrs. Crawford stated that certain initials in her diary, in addition to those of Sir C. Dilke, re- ferred to Dr. F. Warner, Mr. Robert Priestley, and Captain Forster. She admitted having had improper relations with the last-named, and that she went to Dublin to see him. He did not promise to marry her, for she knew he was engaged to be married. She had no letter from Sir Charles Dilke in her possession. Sir Charles Dilke told her by degrees that he had been her mother’s lover, though that was more or less known in the family, but was not a subject to be discussed. 20. — The ceremony of electing sixteen Peers to represent Scotland in the House of Lords takes place in the Picture Gallery of Holyrood Palace, before a large attendance of the public. There were fifteen Peers present, and all those nominated were elected. The Earl of Glasgow declined to vote. — The new Extradition Treaty between England and the United States, signed by Lord Rosebeiy and Mr. Phelps, extends the applica- tion of the treaty of 1842 to the crimes of man- slaughter, burglary, embezzlement or larceny involving a minimum amount of £10, and malicious injuries to property where life is endangered. — The railway to Merv, connected wi h the Trans-Caspian line, completed, to be used only for military purposes. — Messrs. Rothschild invited subscriptions for 765,000 shares of ^10 each for the con- struction of the Manchester Ship Canal, but the scheme was withdrawn for want of public support. — Died, aged 57, Hugh Cowie, Q.C., Chancellor of the Dioceses of Durham, New- castle-on-Tyne, and Rochester. 21 . — In the Divorce Court the cross-ex- amination of Mrs. Crawford was resumed, and she stated that Sir Charles Dilke told her that Mrs. Rogerson, Mrs. Crawford’s mother, Fanny, and Sarah had been his mis- tresses. After the examination of Mrs. Ashton Dilke, George Hillier, who previously resided in Warren Street, gave evidence as to Sir Charles Dilke visiting the house, and being JULY 1886 JULY met there by a lady whom he could not recog- nise, as she always wore a veil. Miss Hillier, daughter of the last witness, gave similar evi- dence, with the exception that she stated Mrs. Crawford was not the lady. Mary Ann Grey, formerly housemaid to Sir Charles Dilke, stated that one morning she found a lady in Sir Charles Dilke’s bed-room. Mr. Stewart, solicitor to Mr. Crawford, said he was sorry to say that he believed the anonymous letters were in the handwriting of his sister, Mrs. Rogerson. Mr. Birch, expert in handwriting, also expressed the opinion that the letters were in Mrs. Rogerson’s writing. Mr. Crawford also was examined. 21 . — Died at Balcaskie House, Pittenweem, aged 52, Sir Robert Anstruther, Bart., M.P. for St. Andrews Burghs in last Parliament. 22. — The hearing of the Crawford divorce suit resumed to-day before Sir James Hannen and a special jury. Captain Forster was the first witness examined, and stated that he had met Mrs. Crawford at Mrs. Rogerson’s house. He described the scene between Sir Charles Dilke and himself at Albert Mansions, when he called Sir Charles a scoundrel and a liar, and said Mrs. Rogerson asked him to come in order that he might castigate Sir Charles, if he could. He admitted that he had taken Mrs. Crawford to a house of ill-fame in Hill Street. Mrs. Rogerson, re-called, denied that she ever asked Captain Forster to defend her from Sir Charles Dilke. Sir Charles was also re-called, and stated that it was difficult to remember the exact words used in his interview with Captain Forster, as the latter was so excited. Mr. Matthews then addressed the jury on behalf of the petitioner, and was several times interrupted by Sir Charles Dilke, who was evidently labouring under great ex- citement. Mr. Matthews insisted that Mrs. Crawford’s fall was due to Sir Charles, who had destroyed in her everything that could constitute womanly feeling and womanly shame. He commented upon the mysterious disappearance of Fanny, and urged that it was because she was Sir Charles’s mistress that she was kept out of the way. Sir Walter Philli- more afterwards addressed the jury on behalf of the Queen’s Proctor, and argued that Mrs. Crawford’s story was full of improbabilities, and was intended to screen Captain Forster, for whom she had a strong affection. — The police expedition which left Oban on the 20th for Tiree, to serve notices of interdict on the crofters who had taken forcible posses- sion of the farm of Greenhill, meet with a hostile reception at Ballyphuil. A few of the summonses had been served by pushing them under doors, when the crowd, who far out- numbered the police, compelled the force to return to Scarinish. — The Norfolk estates of the Marquis of Cholmondeley offered for sale by public auction under an order of the Court of Chancery. For Houghton Hall (built by Sir Robert Walpole at a fabulous cost) and 10,564 acres of land ^300,000 was offered but not accepted. 23 . — After a trial extending over seven days, the intervention of the Queen’s Proctor in the case of Crawford v. Crawford was dis- missed with costs. 24 >. — Sale of the Blenheim pictures ; the Rubens obtained high prices, this day’s sale amounting to ^34,834. — The Anglo- Spanish Commercial Con- vention ratified by Spain. 25 . — In consequence of the unsatisfactory state of affairs in the Western Islands, which culminated last week in the deforcement of a messenger-at-arms at Tiree, the Government decided to send a military force to Oban to assist the police. On the 23rd the troop-ship Assistance at Portsmouth was ordered to sail for Scotland on two hours’ notice, and after the crew had been hastily brought together she sailed for Plymouth, where a force of marines was taken on board. The troopship then made full speed for the north. — Died, aged 74, Professor Maximilian Wolfgang Duncke, one of the foremost his- torical authorities in Germany. 25 - 26 . — Serious rioting in Amsterdam ; 25 persons killed and about 90 wounded. 26 . — Direct telegraphic communication opened between England and the West Coast of Africa. 27 . — At a meeting of the Conservative party this afternoon in the Carlton Club, attended by some three hundred lords and commoners, Lord Salisbury gave an account of his com- munications with Lord Hartington, who, he stated, had declined to assume the Premier- ship, but had given distinct assurance of his desire to secure an independent support to the new Government. The course of business on the assembling of Parliament on the 5th of August was discussed, and the general opinion seemed to be that it was advisable to continue the session until the supplies for the year have been voted, and to prorogue or adjourn at the end of the month or the beginning of September, and not to meet again till February, unless some unforeseen necessity should arise. 28 . — A terrible tragedy takes place at Pen- zance, where an elderly man, named James Hawke, shot his sister, her husband, and the wife of a neighbour, afterwards shooting him- self. During the day Hawke spoke to several friends, who noticed nothing unusual in his manner, and no motive could be attributed for his crime. — Letters regarding the famine in Labrador state that the estimated number of Indians and Esquimaux who have perished is 3,500. A severe snowstorm which lasted two days, has 1555 JULY 1886 JULY cemented the ice and closed all the trails, so that “between 10,000 and 15,000 persons were cut off from communication, and, it is believed, cannot escape death. As an example of the severity of the cold, whaling vessels report that the Hudson Bay Strait is impass- able — an altogether unprecedented occurrence at this season. ” 23 . — The bath in which Marat was stabbed sold by a priest of the diocese of Vannes to the manager of a Paris exhibition for 5,000 francs. — Died, aged 71, Sir John Anderson, LL.D., F. R. S. ; eminent engineer, and in- spector of machinery at Woolwich Arsenal. — Died on board the Mistletoe , aged 59, Major-General William Edmund Moyses Reilley, C.B. 29 . — A number of appointments announced as having been made to posts in the new Government, and only wait the approval of Her Majesty to be officially announced. Lord Salisbury (it was rumoured) takes the office of the First Lord of the Treasury ; Viscount Cran- brook will be Lord-President of the Council, and the Marquis of Londonderry the Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland, with Sir Michael Hicks-Beach as Chief Secretary. “Lord Ran- dolph Churchill as Chancellor of the Exchequer will lead the House of Commons. Lord Iddes- leigh goes to the Foreign Office, and Mr. W. PL Smith to the War Office. Lord Halsbury is the new Lord Chancellor, and Lord George Hamilton returns to the Admiralty.” A meet- ing of the outgoing Cabinet was held at Lord Granville’s residence yesterday, when the situa- tion was discussed, but no conclusion was reached as to the course the Opposition should pursue on the assembling of Parliament. — Another Nottingham lace factory, the second within the week, was destroyed by fire early this morning. A shocking occurrence subsequently took place, the owner, Mr. Thomas Selby, shooting himself with a revolver. — A terrible story of massacre at sea received in Port-Glasgow by the relatives of the second engineer of the vessel on which the occurrence took place. The steamer Hok Canton, when nearing the Dutch settlements at Atcheen, carrying mails from Penang, was boarded by about 200 armed Atchinese, who killed a portion of the crew and took the rest prisoners, afterwards plundering the ship. The crew of the Hok Canton made a stubborn resist- ance, but were powerless against the over- whelming odds of the attacking party. An expedition, consisting of three ships of war, having on board about 400 soldiers, have been despatched to seek reparation for the outrage. It is stated that the Atchinese demand 50,000 dollars ransom for the prisoners. — The quincentenary fetes of the Heidelberg University inaugurated by the reopening of the i55 6 Students’ Hall, which had been splendidly restored. The subsequent entertainments in- cluded a grand reception of the representatives of foreign universities and nations, in whose name Professor Zeller of Paris responded to the hearty welcome accorded to visitors. 29 . — Died, aged 70, Admiral Sir William King Hall, K.C.B. 30 . — Several additional appointments to the new Ministry announced this morning. The selection of Viscount Cranbrook as Lord Pre- sident of the Council is confirmed. Lord John Manners succeeds to the Chancellorship of the Duchy of Lancaster, and Mr. Henry Matthews, Q.C., is the new Home Secretary — an appoint- ment regarded as the more striking from the fact that Mr. Matthews will be the: first Roman Catholic holding office as one of the principal Secretaries of State since the Reformation. This mark of distinction was interpreted as a compliment to Birmingham for having returned a Tory member for the first time, and to the Duke of Norfolk and the Roman Catholics for the support they have given to the Unionist cause. The other appointments are — Secretary for Scotland, Mr. A. J. Balfour ; Postmaster- General, Mr. Cecil Raikes ; First Commis- sioner of Works, Mr. D. Plunket ; Attorney- General for Ireland, Mr. H. Holmes ; Solicitor- General for Ireland, Mr, J. G. Gibson ; and Patronage Secretary, Mr. Akers Douglas. 31 . — Renewed rioting in Belfast ; the police fired on the mob, one of the shots killing a boy, aged twelve. — On the res ; gnation of the Liberal Ministry peerages were conferred upon Sir Thomas Brassey, K.C.B. (Lord Brassey of Bulkeley) ; Sir M. A. Bass, Bart., M.P. (Lord Burton); Mr. J. C. Hamilton of Dalzell ; and Sir Henry Thring, K.C.B. — Died at BayreUth, Bavaria, aged 75, Dr. Franz Liszt, the celebrated composer and pianist. For some time past the great mu- sician — in some respects the greatest and most remarkable of modern times — had been suffer- ing from inflammation of the lungs, and on the 29th inst. his symptoms caused serious dis- quietude. Liszt was born in Hungary on the 22nd October, 1811. Last April he visited London after an absence of many years, and experienced a most gratifying reception. In accordance with his expressed desire, the Abbe was buried in the cemetery at Bayreuth. — The new Cabinet now completed by the appointments of Sir R. Cross as Secretary for India, of Mr. E. Stanhope as Secretary for the Colonies, and of Sir F. Stanley as President of the Board of Trade. Amongst other ap- pointments made to day of members of the Government outside the Cabinet, mention was made of Mr. J. H. A. Macdonald as Lord- Advocate, and of Mr. J. P. B. Robertson as Solicitor-General for Scotland. The only AUGUST 1 886 AUGUST political offices of importance now remaining to be filled up are those of the President of the Local Government Board and of the English Solicitor-General. The Cabinet con- tains fourteen members, the same number as in the outgoing administration as originally formed, but one less than in the last Conser- vative Government. August 1 . — Kermadec Islands, New Zea- land, annexed by the British Government. 2. — Deputations from the Corporation and Harbour Board of Cork wait on the Lord Lieutenant and Countess of Aberdeen at the Viceregal Lodge, Dublin, and presented ad- dresses expressing their regret at the departure of their Excellencies, their high appreciation of their endeavours to promote Irish industries, and their grateful recognition of the manner in which Ireland had been governed. The Viceroy briefly replied, and declared his satisfaction that their labours on behalf of the Irish people had been so warmly recognized. An address was afterwards presented by a deputation from theDublin Trades’ Council and Labour League. In the course of the day His Excellency con- ferred the honour of knighthood on Dr. W. Stokes, President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin. — A painful accident occurred at Plymouth this evening. An Oddfellows’ fete was being held at the Drill Hall, and in the midst of a foot race a rush was made for a raised platform. This suddenly gave way, and when the strug- gling mass of people had been extricated it was found that two children had been killed and one dreadfully crushed. — A renewal of the disturbances in Belfast takes place to-night, when the constabulary had again to fire on the mob. A young man named Williamson was struck in the chest by a bullet, and died while under medical treat- ment. Some fifty cases were disposed of in Belfast Police Court to-day in connection with the riots on Saturday and Sunday nights. In the more trivial cases small fines were inflicted or the charges dismissed. The great majority of the prisoners, however, were sent to gaol for terms varying from one to four months. — At the Newcastle-on-Tyne Police Court the Earl of Lonsdale fined forty shillings for an assault upon Mr. David de Bensaude (the hus- band of the actress Miss Violet Cameron), who had forced his way into his wife’s room. — Attempt made by a Mussulman, supposed to be of unsound mind, to assassinate the Grand Vizier at Constantinople. The per- petrator of the outrage, who was at once arrested, fired three shots from a revolver at His Excellency, who was stepping from his carriage, the bullets lodging in the side of the vehicle. On examination the prisoner declared he wished to kill the Vizier on account pf some injustice he had suffered at his hands in con- nection with a lawsuit. 3. — The Queen holds two Councils at Osborne. At the first the members of the retiring Government delivered up their seals of office; and at the second the new Ministers received their seals and kissed hands on ap- pointment. Mr. Gladstone, Earl Granville, and Lord John Manners were the only Cabinet Ministers of the past and present Administra- tions who were not in attendance — the ex- Premier having taken leave of Her Majesty last week, and Earl Granville and Lord John Manners being absent through indisposition. All the Ministers and ex-Ministers returned to London from Osborne to-night, with the ex- ception of Lord Salisbury, who remained for a day as the guest of the Queen. — The departure of the Viceroy and tho Countess of Aberdeen to day is made the occasion of a great trades demonstration in Dublin. The city was crowded, and the pageant of the various contingents was of the most imposing description. Lord and Lady Aberdeen were everywhere greeted with the greatest enthusiasm. At the railway station His Excellency was presented by the Corpora- tion of Dublin with an address declaring that the only way of securing peace, content, and prosperity to Ireland was by the adoption of Mr. Gladstone’s Home Rule policy. A second address was presented by the citizens’ com- mittee. Lord Aberdeen, in reply, expressed his great gratification at receiving such cordial tokens of goodwill, and in touching on the political portions of the addresses, pointed out that at no time more than the present could there be need for calm and composure among the Irish people, and he felt convinced that such a temper would be urged upon them by those who had popular influence. Already admiration had been evoked by a display of those very qualities. The Viceregal party left for Kingstown amid a most hearty farewell. — Mr. Henry Jarrett, the well-known opera agent reported to have died suddenly at Buenos Ayres, where he was conducting the theatrical tour of Madame Sarah Bernhardt. — Died, aged 74 , Dr. Archibald Gordon, M.D., C.B., Inspector-General of Hospitals and Honorary Surgeon to the Queen. 4. — Mr. Gladstone writes to Mr. Arnokl Morley, chief Whip under the late Government, stating that it is a pleasure to him to think, “if it be agreeable to our party,” that the relations which he and Mr. Morley had recently held will be continued now that both are no longer in office. “But,” he goes on to say, “even apart from the action of permanent causes, the strain of the last six years upon me has been great and I must look for an oppor- tunity of some change and repose, whether in or beyond this country.” In one respect, Mr. Gladstone adds, that relief must be sought at once, and must be made permanent. This has reference to his personal correspondence. 1557 AUGUST •1886 AUGUST He can neither maintain the establishment nor promise the devotion of time and the surrender of personal liberty which the efficient conduct of intercourse by letter with not ess than 20 °oo persons in each year would reqffire lie therefore gives notice, once for all to his reffifes P °to kttc ° f his f inabi % either to make replies to letters or to return manuscrints or he has no ‘ hiI * , f ~ T t trial of George Finch for the murder T 0 wn Post Offi \ sboodn g him in a Kentish BaTv Th? °r° k P J aCG t0 ‘ da y at the Old incsr/* ^he jury found the prisoner to be insane, and he was ordered to be detained duung Pier Majesty’s pleasure. M D r?f d 69, ^° bert James Mann » subiects . wti,’ a P°P uIar writer on scientific «&&&££“ reSWent ° f thS „.,T 7 , Dlcci ’ , a 6 e , d 7 2 > Samuel Jones Tilden, a well-known leader o f the Democratic party in .X,fi U i n d , StateS : he iost the Presidency in 1 076 by only one vote. y 5 . The twelfth Parliament of Queen Vic- toria was opened by Royal Commisrion. The Commons having been summoned, the Lord Chancellor informed them that Her Majesty desired them forthwith to elect a Speaker and present him for Her Majesty’s approbation. M rT Th ® Marquis of Londonderry and Sir ^ ha p ? 1( * s Beaah sw orn in at the meeting of the Privy Council at Dublin Castle as Lord? Lieutenant and Chief- Secretary for Ireland wXhe V 0 y d HiS 5-ellency was y then invested nf lhl n ? r and ^ ns ^ ia of Grand Master 01 the Order of St. Patrick, — Meeting of the Liberal Unionists held at under the *> resid ^ of T T^Ju Veral * honorai 7 degrees conferred at Heidelberg, in connection with the University jubilee. Dr. Stubbs, of Oxford, received the Tkmsn ° f Law ’ while on Sir William °! Glas g°w, and Sir Henry Roscoe, DortoTof Medidne 6 lhe degree of 6 :r 0n tb< ? r $! mn of members from the Up- per House, Sm E. Birkbeck moved the election q 1 ' i\ e /r Rt T3 H i°u’ W - Peel as Speaker. He said Mr. Peel had merited the gratitude of the House, as he had exhibited the greatest im- partiality, perfect knowledge of the traditions, usages and forms of the Plouse, soundness of judgment, and readiness of decisions upon all occasions. Mr. Gladstone seconded the motion. Mr Peel reminded the House that if it should be its pleasure to choose him, he should have been twice elected within seven months and three times within thirty months. He appealed % b ?. th old and new members, to maintain the tg X a ?, d authord y of the Chair, to observe not only the written rules, but those traditions and usages which were among the proudest hentages of the House of Commons, ami which afforded the best guarantee for the maffifon Zl ^r ° f debate - He then humbly placed himself at the disposal of the House 7 Having been conducted to the chair, he again confeTed ^ acknowled gments of the honour conferied upon him. conTJr e Dock at Greenock, the ekrht vl ° f whlch was comn renced about ■ T’ f an “‘mated cost of kn 5 . 5 ’ ’, 13 „ f ' :,rmall y opened for traffic this afternoon by Provost Shankland. The occa- town ,? bserve< ! “ a half-holiday in the bv se’ver-fl , h tf ° pen ! n S ceremony was witnessed by several thousands of spectators. p v ~ ? ied T ° m f ’ in Siberia > where he was bv n g exile, aged 45, Alexander Krapotkin, better known as Prince Krapotkin. f “\ D J ed > a S ed 76 , Michel Nicholas, a dis- tinguished French litterateur, for forty-eight Fn a mb ° M° r ° f Philoso P h y a t the Protestant faculty at Montauban. mnfod"^ r ' Pee k th ? Speaker-elect, accom- pamed by members of the House of Commons attended at the bar and informed the Lords Commissioners of his election as Speaker. The Lord Chancellor having expressed Her Majesty s approval of the choice made by the C°~, the Speaker laid claim to all the undoubted rights and privileges of the House M n ; 5 f OI ? m ° nS ’ Whlch his lordshi P> in Her Majesty s name, confirmed. On returning ® UPP T H ° USe ’ the S P eaker assumed tne Chair, and announced that Her Majesty had approved his election, and had amply confirmed the ancient rights and privileges of the House of Commons, to which he had laid claim. The swearing-in of members was then proceeded with. F T Manifest o issued by the National Liberal federation calling attention to the present arr S fon° n ? f fi! h % L \ beraI party and to th e future action of the Federation. While expressing regret that the result of the General Election bnL l fW a L Zed t lG ex Pectations of those who hoped that the country would respond to Mr Gladstones “wise and courageous” Irish policy, the Federation declares that the situa- tion as a whole is nevertheless highly encour- has^no I he i, Llberal P arty > il is Panted out, has now finally committed itself to the work of effecting a real union with Ireland, and until that question has been settled no progress can e made with the ordinary work of the party It is therefore, according to the Federation, the imperative duty of the Liberal party to fr ° m the T ° ry leaders at the earliest possible moment an explicit declaration of their Irish policy. AUGUST 1 886 AUGUST 8. — Meeting of the Emperors of Germany and Austria at Gastein. — Two coopers passed safely through the Niagara Rapids in a torpedo-shaped barrel. — Centenary of the publication of the first edition of the poems of Burns celebrated at Kilmarnock, where 30,000 people assembled. Tne address was delivered by Dr. J. H. Stoddart of Glasgow. — Sale of the Duke of Marlborough’s pictures from Blenheim Palace resumed at Christie, Manson & Woods. Sixty-nine pictures realized ^10,411. ©. — The new Home Secretary, Mr. H. Matthews, delivers the first of a series of addresses in Birmingham in connection with his re-election for East Birmingham. Speaking to a crowded meeting, he reminded them that the great need of Ireland was peace and order. Ireland wanted to get rid of that accursed pest the “political agitator.” They wanted the bad men who disturbed order to be punished with certainty, and the good men allowed to pursue their avocations without being interfered with by any tyrannical political organization, and allowed to conduct their trade without fear of being molested. They wanted also to get rid of Parliamentary huckstering with the Irish vote. — The King of Portugal, driving in an open carriage, visited several of the principal objects of interest in London to-day, and in the even- ing witnessed the performance of the Mikado at the Savoy Theatre. His Majesty left Buckingham Palace to-day for Queenborough, en route to Copenhagen, on a visit to the King of Denmark. — As the result of the rioting at Belfast between Saturday morning and Sunday mid- night, no fewer than 1 1 persons were reported to have been shot dead and 130 to have been wounded. “ The disturbances were renewed again yesterday, and it is believed that over 60 people were injured and that several wei-e killed. A schoolboy had his hand shot off, and the trooper who is alleged to have fired the shot was taken to barracks under arrest. In the course of the day large reinforcements of horse and foot arrived from Dublin, and it is understood that the town will be put under martial law if further outbreaks occur.” — Rev, Dr. Dowden elected Bishop of Edinburgh in connection with the Scotch Episcopal Church. In the clerical chamber thirty voted for and one against him, and in the lay chamber twenty-one for and three against him. — Died, aged 75, Sir Samuel Ferguson, Q.C-, LL.D., Deputy-keeper of the Public Records in Ireland, and President of the Royal Irish Academy. Sir Samuel was not only an accomplished antiquary, but a graceful poet and an excellent story-teller, the powerful Forging oj the Anchor, and Father 'Join and the Tope being two among many of his contri- butions to periodical literature. 10. — The marriage of Mr. James Baillie Hamilton to the fourth daughter of the Duke of Argyll celebrated yesterday at Westminster Abbey. The Dean of Westminster officiated, assisted by the Hon. and Rev. Edward Carr Glyn and the Rev. S. Flood Jones. The Duke and Duchess of Argyll were present. — Alfred Parker, one of the six miners who in 1874 were isolated in their camp on the site of Lake City, Colorado, tried at New York. Their provisions having been exhausted, Parker killed and ate his companions, and then became for years a fugitive. He was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to forty years’ imprisonment. — Died, aged 78, George Busk, F. R.S., eminent surgeon and naturalist. 11. — Mr. Donald Sinclair, leader of the Tiree Land League, addresses a meeting in Gaelic, when resolutions were adopted protest- ing against the use of the forces of the Crown in carrying out the unpatriotic policy of the Duke of Argyll, and appealing to the public for funds for the defence of the accused. At a special meeting of the Committee of the High- land Land Law Reform Association of London, Dr. Macdonald, M.P. , presiding, a resolution was also passed declaring that the conduct of the Duke of Argyll, his officials, and the Argyllshire county authorities, in dealing with the Tirce crofters, was calculated to create dis- respect for the law, and to inflame the minds of the people. 12. — Mr. Bourke, M.P. for Lyme Regis, announced as having accepted the office of Governor of the Presidency of Madras, to be vacated by Sir M. E. Grant Duff in the ensuing autumn. — Judgment given in the Court of Queen’s Bench in the case of Messrs. Eyre & Spottis- woode, a petition in favour of rights arising out of the removal from the petitioners of certain confidential Government printing, in consequence of the publication in the Standard of an unofficial draft of the Redistribution Bill. The petitioners alleged that the publication did not take place through any fault of theirs ; and further, that the Crown was bound by contract to have such printing done by the petitioners. Their Lordships held that the contracts did not bind the Crown as alleged, and accordingly gave judgment for the Crown, with costs, intimating that the Controller of the Stationery Department was perfectly justi- fied in the course he had adopted. 13 . — A disastrous colliery explosion takes place this forenoon at Woodend or Bedford Colliery, about a mile from West Leigh, Lan- cashire. In the portion of the mine where the explosion occurred there were over forty men 1559 AUGUST 1886 AUGUST and boys at work. Heavy falls of roof blocked all means of egress, and on an exploring party descending to the rescue such dense volumes of after-damp prevented approach that little hope was left of any of the imprisoned miners being found alive. Two men were fortunate enough to effect their escape, and the narrative of one of them explained the cause of the disaster. He believed that one of his fellow-workmen must have released a rush of gas by a blow of his pick. He saw the man’s Davy lamp full of gas. The man blew at it and shook it, but the gauze burst open and the explosion fol- lowed. The total loss of life was thought to be thirty-eight. 14 . — To-day (Saturday) passed off rather quietly in Belfast, but shortly after midnight a rifle duel between the Catholic and Protestant factions began in the district between Shank- hill and Old Falls Roads, and continued for four hours. There appeared to have been about ten riflemen on each side, and these were sup- ported by crowds numbering some hundreds of their co-religionists. It was estimated that some four hundred shots were fired. The Protestants admitted that on their side one man was killed and two wounded. On the other hand the Catholics denied any loss, but it was well known that the greatest reticence was observed respecting the injuries received by either party. Three arrests were made in connection with the outbreak. — The third and last of the representative matches between England and Australia re- sults at Kennington Oval in a victory for the English Eleven by an innings with 217 runs to spare. Of the twenty-six matches played by the present Australian team, seven had now been won by England, seven lost, and twelve left drawn. 16 . — Application made in the Court of Ses- sion on behalf of John Kirkwood Leys for the liberation from prison of his father, the Rev. Peter Leys, who was recently imprisoned in Edinburgh under circumstances which excited considerable attention. In his petition Mr. Kirkwood Leys stated that he no longer wished to enforce his right to the custody and posses- sion of his children by the continued imprison- ment of his father. The Lord-Ordinary granted warrant for liberation. — Died, aged 64, Edward Z. C. Judson, better known as “Ned Buntline,” a well- known American journalist. 17 . — The first Provincial Council of the Roman Catholic Church that has been held in Scotland since 1559 was opened to-day at St. Benedict’s Abbey, Fort Augustus. It closed on the 26th. — Centenary of the death of Frederick the Great celebrated by a special service in the garrison church of Potsdam, at which the Emperor William was present. 1560 17 . — Attempt to assassinate the President of Uruguay when entering the theatre at Monte Video. The would-be assassin was killed by the crowd. 13 . — The Queen arrives in Edinburgh from Osborne to fulfil, among other favours, a visit to the International Exhibition. The train steamed into Waverley Station at 7.58, a couple of minutes before time, and on Her Majesty alighting she was welcomed to the city by Lord Provost Clark, and presented with a bouquet of orchids by Miss Lilian Clark, a little girl of ten years. A salute of twenty- one guns was fired from the Castle, and the city bells set ringing. The Royal party, escorted by the 4th (Queen’s Own) Hussars, drove to Holyrood by way of Princes Street, Waterloo Place, Regent Road, and Abbey Mount. The weather was fair, although latterly overcast, but notwithstanding even the early hour large crowds had already assembled and gave Her Majesty an enthusiastic welcome. On reaching the Palace, where the Duke and Duchess of Connaught had arrived about an hour before, the Queen retired and did not leave her apartments till the time fixed for the visit to the Exhibition. On entering the Exhi- bition in the afternoon, Her Majesty was re- ceived by the Marquis of Lothian and the members of the Executive Committee, the band in the meanwhile playing the National Anthem. Her Majesty proceeded through a gathering of the Municipalities of Scotland to the throne in the Grand Hall, where an address from the Executive Council of the Exhibition was presented by Lord Lothian. About the throne were grouped the Duchess of Connaught, Princess Beatrice, the Counte-s of Rosebery, the Countess of Aberdeen, the Marchioness of Lothian, the Duchess of Buccleuch, the Duke of Connaught, Prince Henry of Battenberg, Lord Rosebery, the Duke of Buccleuch, the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Cross, Sir II. Pon- sonby, and Mr. Balfour, Scotch Secretary. In reply to an address, which was presented in a silver casket, Her Majesty expressed her appreciation of the efforts of the Executive Council, and their allusion to the active interest always felt and exhibited by her late beloved husband in a movement by which she hoped the general advancement of industry, science, and art had been promoted. In conclusion, Her Majesty gladly took the opportunity of expressing her deep sense of the loyalty and attachment which have ever been manifested towards herself and her family. Her Majesty then visited “Old Edinburgh,” and the Women’s Industries Section of the Exhibition, afterwards returning to Holyrood by way of Melville Drive and the Queen’s Park. In the evening the Executive Council of the Exhibi- tion entertained at a banquet within the build- ings the members of the various corporations invited to the ceremonial. Lord Dean of Guild Gowans presided. After dark the city was magnificently illuminated. No accident AUGUST 1 886 AUGUST of a serious kind was reported, while the con- duct of the vast crowds was such that police interference was uncalled for. 18 . — Meeting of the Irish National Conven- tion, at Chicago ; Judge James Fitzgerald, a supporter of Messrs. Sullivan and Egan, elected chairman. Mr. Egan subsequently delivered the presidential address. — Josef Pircher, ajourneyman gilder, climbed for a wager to the top of the golden pin- nacle of St. Stephen’s Cathedral, Vienna, and planted on it an imperial flag with a garland of flowers, in honour of the Emperor’s birth- day. The height to the cross is 432 German feet, 6 inches. 19 . — Parliament reassembles for the trans- action of business. In the House of Lords Her Majesty was represented by a Royal Commission, and the Queen’s Speech read by the Lord Chancellor. It stated that Parlia- ment had been summoned for the transaction of indispensable business. Last session was interrupted in order that the sense of the country might be taken on important pro- posals respecting the government of Ireland, and the result of that appeal had been to con- firm the conclusion which the late Parliament had come to. It was inexpedient to postpone further the consideration of the necessary financial legislation of the year, and the atten- tion of Parliament would be confined to that subject. In the evening several new peers took their seat, and a short debate on the Address was opened by Lord Onslow and Lord De Ros. Lord Granville drew attention to the omission of any mention of foreign affairs, and appealed to the Government to give a general outline of their intentions regarding Ireland. The Duke of Argyll reviewed at length the growth of the Irish problem during the last fifteen months, and urged the Prime Minister not to be led into making any pre- mature statement, or to attempt the impos- sible task of framing a new Constitution for the Empire with his unassisted resources. Lord Salisbury replied that while the Govern- ment were not ready now to furnish any sketch of future Irish legislation, he indicated the broad lines within which the policy of the Government must be kept. They had already done their best to enforce the law, and they intended to continue in that path, with the determination to secure order, to protect exist- ing rights, and to bring back to Ireland the repose she needed. In the Commons, after a desultory debate on Mr. Bradlaugh’s motion concerning the interference of peers at elec- tions, Colonel King- Harman moved the Ad- dress in reply to the Queen’s Speech, and observed that it would depend on the counsels of the Irish party whether the Government would rely on the ordinary law to govern Ireland. Mr. J. Maclean (Oldham) seconded the motion. Mr. Gladstone glanced at the foreign relations of the Government ; and with regard to Irish policy, while acknowledging that the decision of Parliament had been con- firmed by the country, the right hon. gentle- man declared that his convictions had not in the slightest degree been changed as to the principle of his policy. He urged on the Government the necessity of making known to the House at the earliest possible moment a general view of their proposals in regard to Ireland. A fair time ought to be allowed, but he referred to various considerations which should induce the Government not to allow a great portion of the winter to pass before taking the House into their confidence. The Irish question was still the question of the hour, and they must endeavour to apply to it some satisfactory solution or some approach to a solution which might have the effect of im- proving the actual situation in Ireland. Lord Kandolph Churchill replied at considerable length. After dealing with foreign affairs he turned to Ireland. The Government were justified, he said, in inferring that, since Mr. Gladstone and his party had joined the Parnell- ites, the old methods of agitation would undergo a great change. The Irish problem presented itself under three aspects — social order, the land question, and local government. The late Government considered these inseparable, but the present Government proposed to treat them as three distinct questions and to give social order the preference. With respect to the land question, legislation which was accepted as final had recently taken place on that subject ; and with re- spect to local government, it was proposed to treat the matter for the United Kingdom as a whole. After entering into detail regard- ing the districts infested by moonlighters and boycotters, the right hon. gentleman announced that General Sir Edward Buller was to be sent thither whh such powers as would enable him to bring the reign of terror to an end. As to the rest of Ireland the Government intended to use to their utmost all the existing powers of the ordinary law, and if these were not found efficient Parliament would at once be called together. 19 . — In accordance with the finding of the coroner’s jury nine policemen are arrested at Belfast on the charge of wilful murder in connection with the recent riots. — The Irish Convention at Chicago ad- journed sine die at a late hour this evening. Mr, Fitzgerald having received a large majority of votes, was elected president, and other officials appointed. Among the speakers were Messrs. Davitt, O’Brien and Sullivan, Mrs. Parnell and Mr. Deasy, who boldly defied coercion, and declared that a Nationalist of to-day could march to a convict prison or even a gibbet as firmly as thousands had done before. 20. — The Queen leaves Edinburgh late to- night for Balmoral, after her three days’ resi- 1561 AUG US T 886 AUGUST dence in the capital. The closing day of Iler Majesty’s visit was favoured with fine weather, and devoted to visiting the Royal Blind Asylum School and St. Giles’s Cathedral. At the Asylum Her Majesty and the Royal party were received by the Earl of Haddington, the president of the institution, and witnessed a brief examination of the children — the Queen afterwards accepting a knitted shawl made on the premises. Before leaving, Her Majesty in a few words expressed gratification with what she had seen, and also with the arrange- ments for the comfort of the inmates and the order of the house. St. Giles’s was reached about half-past twelve, and the arrival of the Queen received with loud cheers by a large crowd. Her Majesty spent about half an hour in the building examining the various objects of interest, the old regimental colours and military monuments engaging her particular attention. Later in the day Her Majesty and Princess Beatrice visited the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch at Dalkeith Palace, while Prince and Princess Henry of Battenberg afterwards visited Edinburgh Castle. Lord Provost Clark received intimation in the forenoon that the Queen had conferred on him the honour of a baronetcy, and Her Majesty also conveyed to his Lordship and the citizens her sense of the loyalty and devotion shown by them during her stay in the city. 20. — Destruction by fire of the premises of the London Oil Storage Company in the Isle of Dogs. — Sentence of death passed upon Spiers and six other anarchists implicated in the Chicago riots. — Another swimmer reported as having fallen a victim to the mania for displaying natation in the Niagara Rapids. A fisherman named Scott, belonging to Lewiston, Ontario, clad in a cork suit, made an attempt to swim through the rapids, but was dashed against a rock and killed. Graham, the man who a short time ago performed the feat imprisoned in a barrel, was said to have made another successful passage through the rapids. — Died at Southsea, aged 80, Major-General Sir William Hill, K.C.S.I. 21 . — A revolution takes place in Bulgaria. This (Saturday) morning Prince Alexander’s palace at Sofia was surrounded by the populace and by the troops quartered in the capital, who demanded the Prince’s abdication. The Trince gave in at once, and was escorted out of the Principality without order being dis- turbed or a single shot being fired. After the deposition was accomplished in this way, the inhabitants held a meeting and passed a reso- lution praying the Czar to again extend his sympathy to the Bulgarian people. This the Bulgarians presented to the Russian agent “ on their knees,” receiving in reply an assur- ance of the good feeling entertained towards 1562 them by the Czar. A Provisional Government was subsequently constituted, with Mgr. Clement and M. Zankoff at its head. In a proclamation issued by the new Ministry, it was declared that “ Prince Alexander of Battenberg has surrendered for ever the Throne of Bul- garia,” being convinced “that his reign would be fatal to the Bulgarian nation.” The pro- clamation went on to affirm the safety of life and property under the administration of the Provisional Government, and concluded with the following significant sentence: — “The Bulgarian nation may rest assured that the great Czar of Russia, protector of Bulgaria, will not leave the country without his power- ful protection.” 21 . — Extraordinary eviction scenes reported from the Marquis of Clanricarde’s estate near Woodford, County Galway. During the past week about 1000 police had been at Por- tumna, whence they proceeded each day to carry out evictions. The most determined resistance was made by the tenants, who de- fended themselves by means of boiling water, lime, and slates thrown from the roof. In two cases the emergency men were baffled ; in a third they succeeded after four hours’ opposi- tion ; and in a fourth an entrance was forced at the point of the bayonet by the police. In the struggle a civilian was stabbed and a policeman wounded. 23 . — In the Commons, in answer to ques- tions, Sir M. Hicks Beach stated that General Sir Redvers Buller would be given in Kerry the civil powers of a Divisional Magistrate, which would give him ample control of the local constabulary, while he would not be under the Inspector-General of Constabulary. The Commission on the Belfast riots was composed of General Bulmer and two Irish barristers, Mr. Trench and Mr. Adams ; but the Govern- ment, considering that it should be strengthened by the addition of a police officer of experience and standing, proposed to add Mr. M ‘Hardy, Chief-Constable of Lanarkshire. When the debate on the Address was resumed, the Marquis of Hartington, replying to Mr. Labouchere’s speech, justified the course adopted by the Liberal Unionists. Turning to the proposals of the Government, he deprecated the ridicule and disparagement cast on them, and regretted that Sir W. Harcourt had added to the difficulties of the situation. He strongly defended the policy of the Government, to which he trusted a fair, candid consideration and trial would be given. Mr. Morley said he could not understand how the consideration of social order could be divorced from such matters as the land ques- tion, which was the root of the disquiet in Ireland. But the Government were going to try and stop disorder with one hand, and to encourage evictions with the other. They were sending a general to put down crime, and were providing work for the general. AUGUST 1886 AUGUST 24 . — In the Commons the debate on the Address was resumed by Mr. Parnell, who moved as an amendment an addition to the effect that, owing to the heavy fall in the price of agricultural produce, the greatest difficulty would be experienced in the coming winter by Irish farmers in paying rents ; that numerous evictions would be the result ; and that the House deprecated any attempt to transfer the loss likely to arise in consequence from the owners of land to the taxpayers of Great Britain and Ireland by any extension of State- assisted purchase on the basis of rents fixed when prices were higher than they are at present. The hon. gentleman spoke at great length. Mr. Plunket followed. Mr. Glad- stone, in the course of his speech, referred to the taunt that he had become a leader of the Nationalists, and declared that he was delighted to be either a leader or a follower in any move- ment tending to soothe the people of Ireland by encouraging hopes of the realization of their just rights. He criticized the proposals of the Government in detail, and declared that their policy involved the prolongation of a controversy already too long, and the utmost possible postponement of that consummation which alone could give rest and repose to Ireland. — The Bulgarian crisis is further compli- cated by the establishment at Tirnova of a second Provisional Government in favour of Prince Alexander, and by a strong feeling of opposition on the part of the army to the deposition of the Prince. 25 . — Mr. Gladstone leaves London for the Continent, accompanied by Miss Helen Glad- stone and Lord Acton. On the eve of his departure the Right Honourable gentleman, issued his pamphlet on the Irish question, divided into two parts — the “ History of an Idea ” and the “ Lessons of the Election.” 26 . — In the Commons, Mr. E. Russell moved the adjournment of the House to call attention to the appointment of Sir Redvers Buller, a military officer, over an extensive district in Ireland, with undefined administrative and magisterial powers. He held that the appoint- ment was contrary to constitutional principles, adverse to the future interest and peace of Ireland, and likely to introduce a bad prece- dent into the government of the country. The Chancellor of the Exchequer pointed out that the adjournment of the House, even if the motion were carried, could have no effect on the appointment. The Government would take no part in such a discussion, and if hon. members opposite wished to raise the question, they must do so in the regular form of an amendment to the Address. Sir W. Harcourt declared that if Sir R. Buller was to occupy no other position or authority than that of an ordinary Divisional Magistrate he would not feel justified in objecting to the action taken by the Government. In tlm course of the 1563 debate, Sir Michael Hicks- Beach vigorously defended the character of Sir R. Buller, and, on a division being ultimately taken, the motion for the adjournment was rejected by 241 to 146 votes. 26 . — A search made to-day among the debris of a wall which fell in Sheffield yesterday even- ing results in the discovery of the body of another child, the number of deaths from the accident thus being eight. The body was, like the others, terribly mangled, and could only be identified by the clothing. — Died at Inverness, aged 82, Rt. Rev. R. Eden, D.D., Bishop of Moray and Ross, Primus of the Episcopal Church in Scotland. 27 . — In the Commons Mr. Sexton con- tinued the debate on Mr. Parnell’s amendment, and was followed by Mr. Shaw-Lefevre, Sir W. Hart-Dyke, Sir W. Harcourt, and Sir M. Hicks-Beach. On a division the amendment was rejected by 304 votes to 181. — The mystery which had for the last few days surrounded the movements of Prince Alexander is at length cleared up. In the course of this afternoon the Prince arrived at Lemberg, the Austrian frontier city of Galicia, where he met with a most enthusiastic recep- tion from the officials and from a large crowd assembled at the railway station. His inten- tion was to continue his journey to Breslau in Silesia, where his eldest brother, Prince Louis of Battenberg, was waiting to meet him, but changed his intention and returned to Bulgaria, reaching Bucharest on the morning of the 29th and Rustchuk some hours later, — Celebration of the thousandth anniver- sary of the incorporation of the city of Ripon. The date was disputed by historians of eminence. — Severe shocks of earthquake felt in Greece and Italy. All the houses in Pyrgos were destroyeJ, the town of Flatra over- whelmed and hundreds of lives lost, while at Naples and Malta shocks more or less severe and prolonged were felt. For some time past extraordinary atmospheric disturbances — ex- cessive heat, dead calms, and unusually high tides — had given indication of approaching dis- turbances, and it was considered probable that in some of the affected districts further up- heavals might occur. In the town of Zante, in Greece, where the shock was felt with some severity, two deaths were brought about by fright. 28 . — Died, aged 84, Professor Calvin Ellis Stowe, husband of Mrs. Beecher Stowe, and himself a writer of considerable repute. 29 . — A Socialist demonstration, attended by about 20,000 people, held in Trafalgar Square, when resolutions demanding the re- lease of John Williams, and asserting the right of public meeting, were carried. # AUGUST 1886 SEPTEMBER 30 . — In the Commons two amendments on | the address respecting the annexation of Bur- mah were negatived by majorities of 76 and 73. — Prince Alexander issues a proclamation to the people of Bulgaria. lie expressed approval of all the measures taken by the Stambuloff Regency, thanked the people for the warm fidelity shown by them to the throne in times of trouble, and implored the blessing of God upon the Bulgarian nation. The jour- ney of the Prince to the capital continued to be a triumphal progress, his reception at Sistova to-day being even more enthusiastic than at Rustchuk. — The adjourned trial at Lerwick of the crews of the smacks Merchant , of Schiedam, and Martha , of Geestemunde, charged with smuggling on the Shetland coasts, closes to-day. After evidence the crew of the former were found guilty, and the captain was fined ^50, with the alternative of sixty days’ im- prisonment, the other four members of the crew being fined ^10 each, or twenty days in prison. The crew of the Martha pleaded guilty. The master and owner was fined ^25 or thirty days, and the other three men £$ or twenty days’ imprisonment. Both vessels and cargoes were forfeited. Died, at his residence, Heathlands Park, near Chertsey, of cancer in the tongue, from which he had suffered for three years, Dr. James P. Wakley, editor of the Lancet. The deceased was the son of the late Mr. Thomas Wakley, M.P. for Finsbury. He became editor of the Lancet in 1862, and discharged the duties of the position up to last Easter. September 1 . — The Severn Tunnel opened for goods traffic. — In the debate on the Address Mr. Sex- ton moved an amendment referring to the Belfast riots, calling for the prompt adoption of special measures for the maintenance of order in Belfast, without waiting for the report of the Commission. He strongly blamed the action of the local authorities, and advocated the transfer of their authority to magistrates under the control of the Executive. He next referred in detail to the speeches of Lord R. Churchill, which, he said, had stirred up ill- feeling and advocated treason and murder. Sir Michael Ilicks-Beach denied that Lord Randolph Churchill’s speeches, in February, had any connection with the Belfast riots, and pointed out that Mr. Sexton had been challenged at the time to bring forward a definite motion of censure. He justified the general conduct of the mayor, magistrates, and constabulary at Belfast, but pending an in- quiry declined to give any opinion as to the cause of the disturbances. 2. — The debate was resumed by Mr. P. McDonald, who defended the Catholics from 1564 the charge of having interfered with their Protestant neighbours. Col. Saunderson de- scribed the riots as the blood-stained legacy of the late Government, but denied that the Orange body had any share in them. He pro- ceeded to say that the people of Ulster would never submit to an administration of gaol- birds, or assent to a policy the authors of which were subsidized by foreign money. Mr. John Morley described Col. Saunderson’s lan- guage as that of a rebel. Pie denied that the riots were the product of the Home Rule Bill. He believed that the only hope and chance of putting an end to these animosities was to enable Irishmen of all creeds, ranks and stations, to join in a strong union and faithful co-operation in raising their own land from the state of distraction and desolation into which the government of Ireland by this Parliament had been allowed to fall. Col. Waring-, Mr. Clancy, and others followed. Sir William Harcourt said the language of Lord R. Churchill had been at the root of a great deal of what had passed. The amendment was rejected by 228 to 128. 2. — The two hundredth anniversary of the delivery of Buda-Pesth from the Turks cele- brated with great rejoicings. 3 . — In the Commons Lord R. Churchill moved that the financial proposals of the Government should have precedence of all other business for the remainder of the Ses- sion. Mr. Dillon objected to the motion, and submitted, as an amendment, that the state of Ireland required the proposal of remedial mea- sures by the Government before the time of the House was appropriated solely to the business of Supply. After some discussion. Sir Michael Iiicks-Beach said the Government infinitely preferred to a policy of coercion the maintenance of order in Ireland through the process of the ordinary law. If that course did not succeed, they might be compelled to come to Parliament for enlarged powers. Mr. Parnell announced that he had in prepara- tion a measure of a temporary character to meet the difficulties of the coming winter. If the Government would undertake to give the House an opportunity of expressing its judg- ment on the measure, he would urge Mr. Dillon to withdraw his amendment. Lord R. Churchill said the Government stood by the views they had already laid before the House on the land question ; but if Mr. Parnell de- sired to make a detailed statement of the man- ner in which he would deal with it, the Government would be prepared to meet him to that extent. Mr. J. Morley having, in the name of the Liberal party, expressed his satis- faction with this concession, Mr. Dillon with- drew his amendment. — In the report stage of the Address in the Commons Mr. Labouchere moved to add that the language used by the Chancellor of the Exchequer in his Belfast speeches was ealeu- SEPTEMBER 1886 SEPTEMBER lated to provoke breaches of the law, ancl ought to be publicly withdrawn in view of the preservation of the peace of Ireland. Lord R. Churchill described the interpretation put on his language as preposterous childishness, and remarked if there had been “ a shred of a shade of a shadow ” of any foundation for it he would not be in his present position. Colonel Saunderson proposed to amend the motion so as that it should apply to members of the House who had been participators in foreign conventions on Irish affairs, and had given colour to the allegation that they were or had been con- nected with the Fenian Brotherhood in the United States, or the Irish Republican Brotherhood. The discussion was continued for several hours, and at its close Colonel Saunderson’s amendment was negatived with- out a division. The motion was rejected by 202 to 1 19. 3 . — Enthusiastic reception of Prince Alexan- der of Bulgaria at Sofia on his return to that city. 5. — Died, aged 76, Samuel Morley, one of the leading merchant princes and philan- thropists of the century, formerly M.P. for Bristol. 6 . — Mr. J. E. Lowe, a Manchester mer- chant, found dead in a railway carriage on the arrival of the express train from St. Pancras at Leicester. A revolver was found on the foot- board of the carriage, and there was evidence of a struggle. — Died, aged 50, Major-General James Durham Dundas ; distinguished himself in the Indian Mutiny and in the Oude campaigns. 7 . — New colours presented at'Devonport to the 1st Battalion 7th Royal Irish Fusiliers by Lady A1 bertha Edgcumbe, daughter of the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe ; for the first time since the Reformation the colours were blessed l y the Roman Catholic Chaplain. - — The Lord Provost of Edinburgh an- nounced, at a meeting of the Town Council, that Mr. Andrew Carnegie, of New York, had increased his offer of ^25, 000 for a free library for Edinburgh to ,£50,000. — First race for the America Cup won by the American yacht Mayflower ; the second race (on the nth) ended in victory for the Mayflower and the defeat of the English yacht Galatea. 8. — Having previously intimated to the Czar and to the Sultan his determination to abdicate, Prince Alexander of Bulgaria left Sofia, after addressing a proclamation to the people, in which he stated that he abdicated for the good of the country. IO. — Ten lives lost byan explosion at Dean Lane Collierv, near Bristol. PP 2 IO. — Mr. Farnell formally introduces his Irish Tenants’ Relief Bill into the Commons. It was described as “ A Bill for the temporary relief of agricultural tenants in Ireland, for the admission of certain leaseholders to the Land Act (Ireland) of 1881, and for other pur- poses.” 12 . — A number of English fishing smacks detained at Havre by order of the Maritime Commissary for infraction of the International fishing laws. The law forbids English fishing vessels to enter French ports, except to re- victual or by stress of weather, but it had fallen into desuetude since 1843. — Fifteen persons killed and many injured by a fire in a church in Radna, Hungary. 13 . — The electric launch Volta crossed the Channel from Dover to Calais in 3 hours 51 minutes, and made the return journey in 4 hours 15 minutes. — The Prince of Wales writes from Marl- borough House to the Lord Mayor of Lon- don : — “My attention has been frequently called to the general anxiety that is felt to commemorate in some special manner the approaching Jubilee of Her Majesty’s reign. It appears to me that no more Suitable memo- rial could be suggested than an institute which should represent the arts, manufactures, and commerce of the Queen’s Colonial and Indian Empire. ” Lord Mayor Staples answered ‘ ‘ Difficult as it may be to signalize in a commen- surate way the feelings which are thus naturally emphasized at the approach of the Jubilee of Her Majesty’s reign, I am convinced that the proposal which your Royal Highness indicates and which has the support of your influence, will be considered singularly appropriate. .It will therefore give me much satisfaction to open a fund at the Mansion House for the receipt of contributions as suggested by your Royal Highness.” — In the Commons the vote for the Scotch Fishery Board gave rise to a long discussion, in the course of which Mr. Barclay and other Scotch members complained that no practical fisherman had been appointed to the Board. Mr. A. J. Balfour having defended its consti- tution, an amendment to reduce the vote, moved by Mr. Hunter, was negatived on a division by 1 54 to 65. 14 -. — On a vote in the Commons for the Irish Chief Secretary’s Office, Mr. Tuite raised a long discussion on the Barbavilla murders, contending that the convicted persons under sentence were entirely innocent. Mr. D. Sulli- van (P.) and Mr. Sexton (P ) followed. The Attorney-General for Ireland, while pointing out that the present Government had no know- ledge of and no responsibility for the case, showed that all the facts had been before the court at the trials, and that the only method of re-opening the case was by memorial to the 1565 SEPTEMBER 1 886 SEPTEMBER Government in the usual way. A prolonged discussion ensued. The reduction in the Vote was negatived by 178 to 75. 14 -.— Riot at Galway, on the arrival of Father Fahy and the other persons committed to prison for having threatened a farmer at Woodford. The police had to charge with fixed swords in order to clear a way for the prisoners. — Disastrous railway collision near Silver Creek, New York State : sixteen passengers killed. 15 . — Replying to a letter from the Scottish Protestant Alliance regarding the appointment of Mr. Matthews, Home Secretary, Lord Ran- dolph Churchill regrets that he has not the time “ to follow the directors on to the field of acute polemical theology ” to which he has been invited. He should be much attracted by the challenge, but on public grounds he is compelled to confine himself to a re-assertion of the opinion expressed in a former communi- cation, and suggests that the views of the directors, if pushed to a logical conclusion, would involve the re-enactment of those penal laws against Roman Catholics which he believes the vast majority of the people are anxious to forget. — Fall of the Albert Bridge over the Lagan, at Belfast, and loss of several lives. 1@. — In the Commons, on the vote of law charges and criminal prosecutions, the case of Father Fahy, who had been committed to pri- son on a charge of intimidation, in default of finding sureties to keep the peace, was dis- cussed for several hours. The Attorney- General for Ireland explained the circum- stances of the case, and justified the conduct of the magistrates and the Crown Prosecutor ; but his explanation being considered unsatis- factory by the Parnellite members, a reduction in the vote was moved, which led to further prolonged discussion. On a divisLn, it was negatived by 16.2 to 75. — In reply to questions, Sir Michael Hicks- Beach declined to give any information what- ever with regard to Sir Redvers Buller’s reports, which, he said, were strictly confiden- tial. Mr. M. J. Kenny thereupon moved a reduction of the vote for County Court officers, and after much debate it was negatived by 171 to 57- — Important discoveries announced to have been made in excavating the Acropolis of Mycenae, and portions of a building supposed to have been the Talace of the Atridae iaid bare. — Died, aged 67, Due Decazes, French diplomatist aid minister. 17 . — The Earl of Dalkeith, eldest son of the Duke of Buccleuch, shot dead while out deer-stalking this (Friday) afternoon in the Achnacarry Forest, the seat of his uncle, 1566 Cameron of Lochiel, in Inverness-shire. His lordship, accompanied by Mr. Albert Gray, a visitor at the Castle, left early in the morning, and proceeded in a steam launch to the head of Loch Arkaig. In the course of the afternoon they saw three stags, which they stalked, and between 5 and 6 p.m. got within thirty yards of them. His lordship aimed and fired at one, which he hit, but the stag ran off out of sight. Gamekeeper Cameron, who was beside his lordship, remarked that the deer was certainly hit, and Lord Dalkeith, who evidently re- loaded the barrel he had discharged, ran down hill in the direction in which the stag had gone to ascertain if it were dead, or to fire again if only wounded. The hill is very steep, and his lordship, who was carrying his rifle irt his right hand, slipped. He was sliding down the hill, which was green at this particular spot, and on his approaching a bare flat rock, Cameron, an- ticipating danger, called to him to throw his rifle from him. The impetus, however, was so great that his lordship could not stop before reaching the boulder, when at once there was an explosion, one of the barrels of the rifle having been discharged by coming into contact with the rock. Cameron ran to the assistance of his lordship, whom he found in a half-sitting posture. The shot had gone through his left arm a little below the shoulder, inflicting a terrible wound, from which blood was flowing freely. His lordship said his shoulder was fractured, and the keeper immediately com- pressed the wounded arm with both hands to check the bleeding. Lord Dalkeith said to him : “I am bleeding and dying fast.” Feel- ing thirsty, he asked for a drink of water, which was procured. He thanked the keeper for it, and spoke no more. The body of the deceased • Earl could not be moved until three a.m, on Saturday, as it had to be carried through one of the wildest parts of the forest before it could be put on board the steam launch, and it did not reach Achnacarry until nine a.m. Mr. Albert Gray sat beside the body all night, and so precipitous is the hill that neither he nor the gillies dared move about till daybreak. Walter Henry Montagu Doug- las Scott, Earl of Dalkeith, was born January 17, 1861, and was thus in his 26th year. He was educated at Eton and at Christchurch Col- lege, Oxford, and unsuccessfully contested Dumfriesshire in the Conservative interest last year. The young nobleman was much esteemed all over the wide estates of the family, for whom much sympathy was shown in this unlooked for and terrible bereavement. His lordship was also highly popular in volunteer, cricket, and football circles. 17 . — Attempt to assassinate the Roumanian Premier, M. Bratiano, as he was returning home from a Cabinet Council, 18 . — -The Marquis of Londonderry, as Lord Lieutenant, made his state entry into Dublin, and was favourably received by the bulk of the people. SEPTEMBER 886 SEPTEMBER 19 . — Two squadrons of cavalry and 200 infantry quartered in the San Gil Barracks, Madrid, attempted a revolutionary rising under the reputed leadership of Brigadier-General Villacampa, and fired several shots, killing two officers and wounding the sentinels. — Died at the Shaker encampment at Hordle, aged 60, Mrs. Girling, founder and head of the religious community styling them- selves the “Children of God,” but who were commonly known as “ Shakers.” After her funeral the community was broken up. 20. — The Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland attends a meeting of the Privy Council in Dublin, when the state of the country, and especially the condition of Belfast, was under consider- ation. At the Police Court in the course of the afternoon three persons were fined for “booing and hissing” at the Viceroy on his state entry into the city on Saturday. — Mr. Parnell, in moving the second reading of his Tenants’ Relief Bill in the House of Commons, asserted that if the gene- ral election had resulted in a mandate against self-government for Ireland, it had also re- sulted in a mandate that this House should do as much to remedy the grievances of Ireland as would a Parliament of her own. His mea- sure consisted of three provisions. The first was that any statutory tenant whose rent had been fixed prior to the last day of 1884 might apply to the Land Commission to have his rent abated on condition that he pays half the rent and arrears due, and that he shows that he is unable to pay the remainder without depriving himself of the means of cultivating and stocking his holding. The second part enabled leaseholders to apply to have a judicial rent fixed without waiting for the expiration of their leases, and the third section suspended proceedings for the recovery of rent on pay- ment of half the rent and arrears. The mea- sure, he said, was a temporary one, to meet a temporary emergency, for, though he feared that the fall in prices would be permanent, he could not now prove it. The debate was con- tinued till next night, when at 2 a.m. on the morning of the 22nd a second reading was negatived by 297 to 202 votes. — The Marquis of Huntly, on behalf of the Gordon family, hands over to the community of Aberdeen a statue of the late General Gordon, to be erected in front of the School of Art, — A despatch from Thayetmyo states that the western frontier column, under Major Clements, is practically besieged in Taingdah, the reinforcements sent not having succeeded in relieving him. A municipal government was to be established in Mandalay, where General Macpherson had now arrived. 21 . — Died at Eglinton Castle, in her 46th year, Lady Sophia Wors ley, only daughter of second Earl of Yarborough, Countess of Eglinton. — The Bishops of the Episcopal Church in Scotland meet at Edinburgh, and elected the Bishop of Brechin as Primus, in succession to the late Bishop Eden. Canon Dowden, the newly-elected Bishop of Edinburgh, was also consecrated in St. Mary’s Cathedral to-day. — Professorship of Naval Architecture in Glasgow University rendered vacant by the appointment of Professor Elgar as Director of Her Majesty’s Dockyards, conferred by the University Court upon Mr. Philip Jenkins. — The “Cabinet Noir,” instituted in the reign of Louis XIV. for the purpose of exer- cising a surveillance over the letters of sus- pected persons passing through the post-office, abolished by a formal decree. In the reign of Napoleon III. it employed twenty-two agents, and its cost, upwards of 600,000 francs per annum, was paid out of the secret service money. 22. — The Marquis of Salisbury opens a County Conservative Club at St. Albans, and in the course of an address said he regarded with great favour the establishment of clubs of that kind all over the country. What Con- servatives wanted was frequent consultation and steady organization, and the more they discussed burning questions of the day the more readily would they help their leaders in the work of legislation. In the great victory of the other night in the House of Com- mons not a man of the party was absent or unpaired. He denounced the system of ob- struction which paralysed the efforts of legis- lators, and said a stop must be put to it, or it would bring into discredit the oldest instrument of freedom in the world. — First crop of English-grown tobacco gathered at Plaistow in Kent, Of seventeen varieties two failed, and four turned out ex- ceptionally well, some of the leaves measuring twenty-seven inches in length by thirteen inches in breadth. — At the Camberwell Board of Guardians a poor woman, of respectable appearance, who gave the name of Caroline Guelph and claimed to be a daughter of George IV,, applied for out-door relief. She stated she was born in 1816 in Vienna. — News arrived of the discovery of large and promising gold-producing districts in the Transvaal, Tasmania, and Queensland. — Died suddenly, while on a visit in Glas- gow, the Rev. Dr. Binnie, Professor of Church History and Pastoral Theology in the Tree Church College, Aberdeen. 23 . — The ceremony of unveiling the portrait of the Earl of Iddesleigh, painted for the Bea- consfield Club by Mbs Stacpoole, takes place 1567 SEPTEMBER 1886 SEPTEMBER at the Club Buildings in Pall Mall. Baron Henry de Worms presided at the luncheon with which the proceedings were inaugurated. The Earl of Iddesleigh, in responding to the toast of his health, compared the Conservative party to the oak described by the Roman poet which derived its strength from the very blows struck against it. He ventured to think that in all the complications which might yet be before England and the British Empire there would always be a strong and vigorous Conservative party, adapting itself to all the circumstances of the time, and ready to take advantage of all the legitimate powers placed at its disposal for maintaining the grand old constitution of the country, which was more and more valued by our brethren and cousins across the seas. 23 . — During a sham fight at Aldershot to- day, it was discovered that bullets were being fired by one of the attacking regiments. The order to cease firing was at once sounded, and the troops marched back to camp. It was stated that the precautions taken render it impossible that ball cartridges should have been served out accidentally, and, on the other hand, though some ill-feeling was said to have existed between the opposing f >rces, it was hard to believe that such an outrage should have been deliberately perpetrated. — It is reported from Philadelphia that the British Government intends to make Esquimaux, on the Arctic seaboard of Canada, an impreg- nable harbour, and an important depot for munitions of war. — According to news received at Zanzibar from the interior of Africa, the King of Uganda had foully murdered all the British and French converts, and so intimidated the missionaries that they were asking for assistance. — Died, aged 88, Thomas Webster, R.A., whose well-known annual contributions to the Royal Academy ranged over half a century. — Died, aged 65, Lord Gerald Fitzgerald, second son of the third Duke of Leinster. 24 -. — The Earl of Rosebery presented with the freedom of the Royal Burgh of Linlith- gow. After a graceful reference to the loss the Buccleuch family had sustained through the sad death of the Earl of Dalkeith, his lordship spoke of his (Rosebery’s) duties as Lord-Lieutenant of the county of Linlithgow, and expressed the opinion that some working men should be appointed to the Commission of the Peace with a view to making the Com- mission more efficient for the duties it had to discharge. Speaking on the subject of cen- tralisation, his lordship adverted to the benefits Scotland had gained from its burgh, provincial, and national life, and regretted the tendency of the time to centralise these in London. Lord Rosebery afterwards planted in the palace grounds a sapling from the Queen Mary sycamore tree, originally planted by Queen Mary at Little France, on the estate of Craigmillar, about the middle of the six- teenth century. 24 . — James Murphy committed for trial at Barnsley Police Court on a charge of mur- dering a police constable at Dodworth on the last day of July. Two miners named Goss and Henderson were also committed for trial — the one charged with harbouring the alleged murderer, and the other with being an accessory to the crime. — A column erected in the Prater at Vienna to the memory of Admiral Tegethoff, who commanded at the battle of Tissa, unveiled in the presence of the Emperor and Imperial family. — Died, aged 79, Very Rev. Arthur Ranken, D.D., Dean of Aberdeen and Orkney. 25 . — 'Parliament prorogued by Royal Com- mission. The Lord Chancellor read the Queen’s Speech, in which it was stated that the relations between this country and foreign powers continued to be friendly. With respect to the Bulgarian crisis, the Porte had been in- formed, in answer to a communication ad- dressed to the Signatories of the Treaty of Berlin, that so far as Great Britain was con- cerned there would be no infraction of the treaty conditions guaranteed to Bulgaria, and similar assurances had been given by other powers. The Afghan Boundary Commission had been withdrawn, but what remained un- marked of the frontier would be determined by direct negotiation between the two courts. After a reference to the appointment of the Irish Land Commission, gratification was ex- pressed regarding the growing desire for closer union between Great Britain and the Colonies, and it was stated that communications for fuller consideration of matters of common in- terest had been authorized. — An appalling accident occurred at Crarae Quarries, on the western shore of Loch Fyne, this (Saturday) afternoon, by which seven lives were lost and forty or fifty persons more or less seriously injured. In honour of the jubilee of the Statute Labour Committee of the Glasgow Town Council, Messrs. A. and J. Faill, the principal partners of the firm of Messrs. Wm. Sim and Co., proprietors of the quarry, had arranged that an enormous blast of seven tons of gunpowder should take place on the arrival of the steamer Lord of the Isles off Crarae. When the steamer arrived the weather was dull and close. The blast was successfully discharged, and some time after between 200 and 300 persons went ashore to witness the effects of the explosion. Among the company was a large number of members of the Town Council, Corporation officials, prominent citizens of Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock, and several newspaper reporters. SEPTEMBER 1 386 SEPTEMBER On entering the quarry almost every member of the party was overpowered by the choke- damp coming from fallen rocks, and six died almost immediately. These were Councillor Thomas Duncan, Mr. Matthew Waddell, of the City Restaurant ; Mr. Steel, jeweller, Belfast ; Mr. Stevenson, optician, Edin- burgh ; Mr. James Shaw, son of Bailie Shaw, Glasgow ; and Mr. Small, blacksmith, Dairy. A scene of extraordinary confusion followed, and it was with the utmost difficulty and danger that those who speedily recovered from the effects of the foul gases were able to remove the bodies and take measures for the recovery of their unconscious companions. This was accomplished, and numerous re- coveries made ; but six of the most serious cases were carefully tended on board the steamer, and conveyed in all haste to the Greenock Infirmary, where they were admitted in an unconscious state. They were — Coun- cillor John Young, Councillor J. II. Martin, Mr. Alexander M ‘Donald, of the Master of Works Office, and Messrs. John Harvey and John Young, journalists. Notwithstanding all the skill and care bestowed on him Councillor Young died next morning, never having recovered consciousness. 25. — The remains of the late Earl of Dal- keith interred in the family vault in St. Mary’s Church on the Dalkeith estate. The Queen was represented by Lord Elphinstone, and among the large number of wreaths was one from the Prince of Wales. Many noblemen and gentlemen attended the funeral, and the bells were tolled during the time fixed for the obsequies in Edinburgh, Annan, Langholm, Moffat, and Jedburgh. — Mr. Parnell addresses to Mr. Fitzgerald, the President of the National League of America, an appeal on behalf of the Irish tenant farmers, against whom, he alleges, the English Government and the Irish landlords have begun a combined movement of extermi- nation. It will be, he was aware, the highest duty and most honourable task of Irishmen in America to frustrate the attempts of those who would assassinate their country, and to alle- viate the sufferings of the numerous victims of the social war which has been proclaimed. In sending the moral and material aid which has never been stinted, they will assist in preserv- ing for the Parnellite movement that peaceable character which has enabled it to win its most recent and almost crowning triumph, while strengthening the people to bear oppression, and encouraging them till the final goal of legislative independence shall have been won. — A statue of Grotius, the eminent Dutch jurist, unveiled at Delft, in the presence of the Ministers of the Interior and Foreign Affairs and a large assemblage of jurists of all nationalities. — Died in Liverpool, aged 89 , James Ken- nedy, eminent mechanical engineer. £16. — Arrest of five “moonlighters” at Castle Island, Kerry, a district notorious for its numerous outrages. 27. — A letter read at the Caergwrle Eistedd- fod from Mr. Gladstone, stating that though he believed we had arrived at a period likely to be marked by something like a new develop- ment in the political life of Wales, it was not for him, but for those more closely connected with the Principality than himself, to give par- ticular direction to this development at the present early stage. — A singular drowning accident occurs in the river Eden, about three miles below Carlisle, this afternoon*. Twenty-five men of the Carlisle garrison were engaged in a “paper chase,” a captain and two corporals acting as the “hares,” and the rest of the company as the “hounds.” Coming to the river the “hares” found that a boat which had been arranged for was not there, and they took to the water. They got over with difficulty, as the river was in flood, but three of the “hounds” were carried away and drowned. The event caused great excitement in Carlisle, as two of the unlorlunate soldiers were well known in local cricket circles. 28. — The sub-committee formed for the pur- pose of collecting funds for a testimonial to be presented to the Prince of Wales as Executive President of the Colonial and Indian Exhibi- tion, receive a letter from His Royal Highness, expressing his high appreciation of the propo. ed compliment, but suggesting that the subscribers should allow the funds to be applied to aid in the establishment of the Imperial Institution for the Colonies and India, which he had pro- posed should be established in commemoration of Her Majesty’s Jubilee. The committee came to a resolution acquiescing in the sugges- tion contained in the Prince’s letter, and added that they were assured that the step thus taken by His Royal Highness would, if possible, add to the appreciation entertained of his disin- terested, public-spirited efforts. — Wreck of the steamship Suffolk off the Lizard, while on a voyage from Baltimore to London ; the crew r escaped in boats. — Shakespeare’s Hamlet produced for the first time at the Theatre Fra^ais. 29. — Sir Reginald Hanson elected Lord Mayor of London for the ensuing year ; he was knighted on the occasion of the Queen’s visit to Epping Forest. — The Canadian Government decide to show its interest in the Prince of Wales’s pro- posal to establish an Imperial Institution in celebration of Her Majesty’s Jubilee, by asking Parliament for a vote towards the object cf ^ 20 , 000 . — The funerals of three of the victims of the Crarae disaster took place in Glasgow this I5 6 9 SEPTEMBER 1886 OCTOBER (Wednesday) afternoon. The bodies of Coun- cillors Young and Duncan were interred in the Southern Necropolis, and a service was held in St. George’s Church, at which the Lord Provost and Magistrates, members of the Town Council, and other public bodies attended. The funeral of Mr. Peter Stevenson, of Edin- burgh, also took place to-day. 30 . — The Due d’Aumale allowed publica- tion of an extract from his will, dated June 3, 1884, in which he bequeathed to the Institut de France, in trust, to preserve in its integrity for the French nation, the domain of Chantilly, with its woods, lawns, waters and edifices, and all that they contain of trophies, pictures, books and artistic objects. The principal con- dition annexed was that the galleries and col- lections at Chantilly under the name of the Conde Museum should be open to the public. — The Marquis of Ripon delivers the presi- dential address to the Strand Liberal and Radical Association. He recognized by the titles of such associations a just acknowledg- ment of the fact that the centre of gravity in the Liberal party was tending towards the Radical wing. He urged the newly enfran- chised to probe the causes of their recent defeat, and said that there was. work to be done which could only be accomplished by the people themselves. — At a meeting of the Jockey Club at Newmarket to-day the Hon. H. W. Fitzwilliam was appointed as successor in the stewardship to the Marquis of Londonderry, who had re- signed in consequence of his acceptance of the Lord-Lieutenancy of Ireland. — During the floods which inundated the Godavery district of the Madras Presidency the natives of several villages attempted to cut the bund in order to free their own district from water at the expense of their neighbours ; in the fight which ensued over 100 natives were killed. October 1. — A sudden change reported to have taken place in the situation in Bulgaria. ‘ c As the result of a ‘ hint ’ from St. Petersburg, General Kaulbars has begun to show greater moderation in his dealings with the Bulgarian Government. The Regency on its side is also displaying a more conciliatory disposition, so that the relations between Russia and Bulgaria promise for the present to be of a less critical nature.” — Destructive fire at Father Benson’s clergy- house, Oxford, head-quarters of the Cowley Fathers. — Died, aged 76, Rev. William Hepworth Thompson, D.D., Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. S2. — Lord Randolph Churchill addresses a vast gathering of Conservatives who assembled near Dartford, Kent, to celebrate the return of 1570 eighteen Conservatives to represent the county. Referring to the labours of the session, h.s lordship paid a tribute to the loyal support which the Government had received from the Liberal Unionists. The guiding motive of their policy in the future, he said, would be to maintain unimpaired the union of the Unionist party, to whom the Government owed much of their existence and much of their efficiency. He did not regret that their policy had been called a policy of Royal Commissions. Mr. Gladstone had. legislated by intuition ; the Unionist party were determined to legislate only on ascertained facts. The first duty of the Government was to free the House of Commons from slavery to Radical and Par- nellite caprice by means chiefly of a simple and effective power of closing debate. What- ever evils attached to the cloture they were not to be compared with the evils and dangers of the present system of obstruction. 2 . — Explosion in the Silkstone Colliery, Altofts, near Wakefield ; 21 lives lost. — Sir Charles Warren takes an important step in reference to the presence of dynamiters in London by largely withdrawing during the last few days the special protection long accorded to the public buildings of London, and employing the liberated policemen — nearly one thousand strong — in watching suspected persons. — Died, aged 60, James Young Gibson, translator of Cervantes into English verse. 3 . — An Anarchist conspiracy to fire the city of Vienna in several places at once, blow up public buildings with dynamite, and attempt to assassinate the Emperor, was discovered by the police, and a gang of twenty men engaged in the manufacture of explosives arrested to- day. The police seized a quantity of dynamite bombs and daggers. The ringleader of the plot, it was stated, escaped to Germany. — General Kaulbars, the Russian Commis- sioner, attempted to address a meeting of Bulgarians at Sofia, but had to desist in consequence of their hostile and menacing demeanour ; these demonstrations towards the General were repeated almost daily on his tour through the country. — Died, Colonel Duncan Macpherson,C. B. , chief of the Highland clan of Cluny Macpher- son ; served in the Indian Mutiny, in Ashantee, and at Tel-el-Kebir. 4 . — Certain deputations from Ireland wait on the ex-Premier at Hawarden, and present him with the freedom of Cork, Waterford, Limerick, and Clonmel, and an address signed by 500,000 of the women of Ireland. — Mr. Chamberlain, replying to a letter from a Bolton correspondent regarding his absence from the division on Mr. Parnell’s bill, says he considers the bill was a dishonest OCTOBER 886 OCTOBER piece of party tactics, intended to divide the Liberal Unionists and provoke agitation in Ireland. He would not be surprised if the influence of well-paid patriots collapsed in face of the determination of the people of Great Britain not to yield another inch to the vile conspiracy which relied on outrage and assas- sination. — The inquiry by Royal Commission into the Belfast riots opened in the Record Court of County Antrim under the presidency of Mr. Justice Day. In the course of his address, the Judge said that the Commission was deter- mined to have as searching and as thorough an investigation as their great powers enabled them to carry out. They were determined to elicit the whole truth in reference to the trans- actions that brought so much discredit on their great city, and disturbed social order to such a lamentable extent. — Outrage by moonlighters near King Williamstown. They forced their way into a farmhouse, and on being refused firearms shot two young ladies, severely wounding each of them. — Died, aged 90, John Graham, Esq., of Skelmorlie, well known in Glasgow com- mercial circles, and also as a collector of art treasures. 5 . — The Royal Commission on the Belfast riots resumes its sittings to-day. Town-In- spector Carr, of the constabulary, attributed the beginning of the rioting to a dispute be- tween a Protestant and a Catholic labourer at the Mayor’s shipbuilding yard, followed by an unprovoked attack by the shipwrights as a body on the dock navvies. The shipbuilders were mostly Protestants, and they not only attacked the Catholics, but police, who sought only to keep the peace. The police had never fired but in self-defence. An increase in their number was necessary, and additional powei’s were required to prevent processions, and especially band-playing, and to make a more efficient search for arms. — Rev. James Kavanagh, parish priest of Kildare, and formerly President of St. Patrick’s College, Carlow, killed at the altar, whilst celebrating mass, by the fall of one of the stone ornaments of the canopy. — Died in Edinburgh, aged 68, James Hunter, Esq., of Glenapp, closely associated for the greater part of his life with the Colt- ness lion Company, of which he was a partner. 6. — Serious military riot at Aldershot, where a draft of the Inniskilling Fusiliers were under orders to proceed to South Africa. After some severe fighting the rioters were over- powered by the military police, and fifty of them carried off to prison. 7 . — Fight between English and French fishermen at Ramsgate, where the latter had come to sell their fish, the English accusing them of having stolen and destroyed their nets on the fishing grounds. — Died, aged 86, Rev. William Barnes, B.D., philologist, author of “Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect.” S. — Fire at Temple House, Great Marlow, the seat of General Owen Williams ; damage done to the extent of ,£30,000. — Died at St. Petersburg, aged 44, Hon. George Grosvenor, C.B., Secretary to the British Embassy. 9 . — Died at Passy, aged 85, General Ulrich, celebrated for his vigorous defence of Stras- bourg in 1870. — An official resolution published on the subject of infant marriage and enforced widow- hood among the Hindoos. It stated that the opinion of the local governments was against any official action, and added that the Viceroy agreed that reform in this matter must be left to the people themselves. 11. — Unveiling of a statue of Sister Dora (Miss Dorothy Pattison) at Walsall, the first statue to a woman, except those of Queens, erected in England. The money {£ 2000 ) had for the most part been subscribed by the work- ing classes, amongst whom Sister Dora had laboured and in whose service she had sacri- ficed her life. — Arrest of “Captain Moonlight,” leader of the moonlighters of Cork, Clare, and Water- ford, with two of his gang, at Boherbue, 12 . — The latest return in reference to the Bulgarian elections show that they resulted in an overwhelming majority for the Government. General Kaulbars continued to maintain that they were illegal, and his opinion in this respect was communicated to the Bulgarian Govern- ment in a Note from M. Necklindoff, the Russian diplomatic agent at Sofia. 13 . — The evidence of Mr. A. Reid, Inspector- General of Constabulary in Ireland, occupied the whole sitting of the Belfast Riots Commis- sion to-day. He stated that there was not the smallest foundation for the impression preva- lent amongst Belfast Orangemen that the Chief Secretary had picked the force sent into the town to restore order, or selected constables because of their political opinions or religious prejudices. If any Minister of the Crown had done so he assured the Commissioners that the constabulary officers would rather have resigned their posts than obeyed him. He attributed the long continuance of the riots to the misrepresentations of the Belfast and other newspapers. - — The fifth Leeds Triennial Musical Festival was opened at Leeds with Handel’s Israel in I 57 i OCTOBER 1 8 86 OCTOBER Egypt. The magnificent choruses were ex- cellently rendered, Miss Williams, Mrs. Hutch- inson, Madame Patey, Messrs. Lloyd, Santley, and Brereton being the principals. Sir Arthur Sullivan conducted. At the evening perform- ance Mr. Mackenzie’s new cantata, The Story of Snyidy founded on one of Mr. Edwin Arnold’s Pearls of the Faith , was produced under the baton of the composer, and was en- thusiastically received. Madame Albani, Mr. M'Guckin, and Mr, Watkin Mills were the soloists. 13 .— New hospital at Burnley, the first ever built on the isolated ward system, opened by II.R.H. Prince Albert Victor. — First meeting of the Crofter Commission held at Dornoch, Sutherlandshire. — The ceremony of formally opening the new Clyde Trust Graving Dock at Covan per- formed by Lord Provost M’Onie in presence of a large concourse of spectators. 14 -. — The Craig-Ard Hotel, Oban, almost entirely destroyed by fire at an early hour this morning. Some of the occupants experienced considerable difficulty in making their escape, but happily no casualty occurred. The damage was estimated at about £”10,000. 15 . — A fierce gale rages over Great Britain, causing much damage and loss of life at sea, not fewer, it was thought,, than ioo sailors being drowned. — The Australian Colonies reported as dis- playing a more favourable attitude towards the proposed Imperial Institute. According to telegrams published to-day, Victoria will pro- bably contribute £10,000 to the Prince of Wales’s scheme, while the total sum to be raised by the six self-governing colonies was estimated at from £30,000 to ,£40,000. 16 . — The Leeds Festival brought to a close, the chief interest centring in the pro- duction of Sir Arthur Sullivan’s new cantata, The Golden Lcgendy the libretto of which had been adapted from Longfellow’s well- known lyrical drama. The performance was a brilliant success, and at the close Sir Arthur was thrice re-called amid continuous rounds of applause and a shower of bouquets. Elijah was given at the evening concert. — At the Manchester City Sessions to-day the Rev. James Mackie, M.A., minister of the Scottish National Church, was indicted for having inflicted grievous bodily harm upon Mr. John Carswell, an elder of his church. The evidence showed that for some time past disputes had been in progress in the church with respect to the management of the funds, and a few months ago, during one of these dis- putes, the minister assaulted Mr. Carswell in the vestry, and was subsequently bound over to keep the peace. When the recognizances ex- pired the disturbances were renewed, and on 1572 the 19th of September culminated in an affray, during which the minister stabbed his elder with a butcher’s steel. The jury found the prisoner guilty, and he was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment. 16 . — The business portion of the town of Salisbury, Maryland, with property valued at one million dollars, and the greater part of the town of Eastport, Maine, involving a loss of 800,000 dollars, destroyed by fire. — Died, aged 66, Baron Mayer Carl von Rothschild, chief of the great banking-house at Frankfort-on-the-Maine ; the first Jew who had a seat in the Prussian Upper Chamber. — Died at Passy, aged 70, PI on. and Rev. George Talbot, son of Lord Talbot de Mala- hide ; he was for nineteen years cup-bearer to Pope Pius IX. 18 . — Inauguration of Mansfield College, the first Nonconformist establishment at Oxford. — At the Belfast Riots Commission to-day evidence was given by the Rev. Dr. Hanna. He attributed the strong feeling among the Loyalists to the position of Mr. Gladstone’s Government and the remarks of Mr. Morley, but the riots would not have reached a head had not the constabulary so obviously sided with the Catholics against the Protestants. The only hope of future peace was the re- organization of the police in Belfast on a less military basis, and their subjection to local control. — An extraordinary scene takes place at an eviction near Clonakilty, County Cork. On the bailiffs, who were accompanied by a force of thirty police, approaching the dwelling, the tenant appeared at a window and declared his intention of making a resistance. The house was found to be barricaded and defended by between thirty and forty men, who showered down boiling water and all sorts of missiles on the bailiffs. Possession of the bottom floor was obtained, and the furniture removed, but the resistance became so vigorous that it was decided to abandon any further attempt to effect the eviction. — An inquest respecting a recent tragedy at Fulham was held to-day before Dr. Diplock, the coroner for West Middlesex. Mr. Leader, the father of the three children whose bodies had been recovered, gave evidence as to the quarrel in consequence of which it was believed that Mrs. Leader left home. An assistant stated that Mr. Leader had always been kind to his wife and family. The jury returned a verdict of found drowned. — After a protracted search the body of Countess Laura von Arnim found at Murz, near Gernobach, in the Black Forest, whither she had wandered and committed suicide. A large sum of money and valuable jewellery was found upon the body. OCTOBER 1886 OCTOBER 13 . — Died, aged 75, Most Hon. Ernest A. C. Brudenell-Bruce, third Marquis of Ailes- bury ; he was twice Vice-Chamberlain to Queen Victoria. 19 . — Lord Rosebery presides to-night at the annual dinner of the Liberal Club at New- castle-on-Tyne. There was a large attendance, and several members of Parliament were present. In proposing the toast of the evening — “Success to the Liberal Club” — his lord- ship briefly glanced at general politics. There were, he said, three great topics on which the country would shortly have to make up their minds. The first and greatest was that of Ireland, the next was the pressing question of the currency, and the third was the position to be taken in regard to affairs in the East. Pro- ceeding to consider the state of the Liberal party, he said their present position was un- precedented. They were engaged in a kind of triangular duel, and in the position of receiving two fires, not being able to reply to both at once. If the present state of affairs were allowed to continue it would become irrevocable, and would necessitate a new and most melancholy departure. Looking to the causes of the schism, he said the Liberal majority from various causes had been de- creasing since 1880, and the downward pro- gress culminated in the objections to Mr. Gladstone’s Irish proposals. He did not believe the judgment of the country as given at the last election was against those proposals, and contended that the defeat of the late Government showed a desire for more time to consider a difficult and complicated question. — Death announced of Rev.. Watter Home, formerly minister of the parish of Polwarth, Berwickshire. Mr. Home, who had reached his 88th year, was the oldest minister of the Church of Scotland. — A great number of witnesses, whose names had been suggested by counsel for the Loyalist Defence Committee, were examined to-day before the Belfast Riots Commission. The most important evidence was that of Dr. Lewis, surgeon, practising in Shankhill Road, who stated that during the riots he had treated 80 persons, 44 suffering from scalp wounds, i8from rifle balls, 15 from buckshot, and three from revolver bullets. Five had died. The substance of the evidence of the other wit- nesses was that the constabulary had fired recklessly on the people, and on various occasions beaten them with their truncheons without any provocation. It was stated that the police and military were still needed at the docks. The inquiry was again adjourned. 20. — The Dean of Westminster, having received from the secretaries of three Protestant societies a protest against permitting the Roman Catholic pilgrimage to the shrine of Edward the Confessor at Westminster, replied that he could not interfere with private devotions. 20. — Died at Prome, on the Irrawaddy, of fever contracted during the operations against the dacoits in Upper Burmah, Major-General Sir Herbert Macpherson. Sir Herbert was the youngest son of the late Colonel Duncan Macpherson, 78th Highlanders, of Ardersier, Inverness-shire, and was born in 1827. He entered the army in 1845, and his career was one of heroic valour and rapid distinction. He received the Victoria Cross for his conduct at Lucknow, and many other high awards of merit for his services in other Asian cam- paigns. He commanded the Indian division in Egypt, and was present at Tel-el-Kebir. In 1885 he was promoted to the command of the Madras army, and in the same year was appointed to the supreme command in Burmah. 21 . — General Sir Frederick Roberts, Com- mander-in-Chief in India, appointed to the command of the army in. Burmah, rendered vacant by the death of General Sir Herbert Macpherson. At a meeting of the Viceregal Council at Simla yesterday, the Viceroy ex- pressed deep, sorrow at General Macpherson’s death, and added that he had received a tele- gram from the Queen conveying her profound regret at the calamity which had thus suddenly overtaken the country.. — Origin of the “ Plan of Campaign.” In connection with the “no rent” agitation in Ireland “ a Plan of Campaign ” is sketched by the Nationalist organ, United Ireland. It was proposed to form on each estate a committee to take charge of the half-year’s rent of each tenant. The tenants were to take three pledges — “ (1) To abide by the decision of the majority ; (2) to hold no communication with the landlord or any of his agents, except in the presence of the body of the tenantry ; (3) to accept no settlement for himself which w r as not given to every tenant on the estate.” Further, on a certain sum of rent being offered and re- fused, each tenant was to pay the amount into a common fund, “ which shall be held by one reliable person, whose name should not be known to any but the member of the com- mittee.” This estate fund is to be absolutely at the disposal of the committee “ for purposes of fight, and to relieve evicted tenants,” but none of it was to go in law costs, except to defend a tenant who retakes possession of his house. Lord Mure, in the High Court of Justiciary in Edinburgh, passes sentence on the Tiree crofters, who were found guilty on the 20th of mobbing and rioting and deforcing a sheriff- officer. He pointed out as a peculiarity in the case that the writ of interdict which they had obstructed involved no personal interest of theirs, and that it was nothing more than a 1573 OCTOBER 1886 OCTOBER notice that a question had arisen between the landlord and the tenants concerned, and that they were to appear and explain their rights. In view of the recommendation of the jury, to which he was always inclined to give attention, he felt warranted in passing a lighter sentence than he would have given some years ago. Five of the crofters were accordingly sentenced to six months’ imprisonment, and three others to four. 121 .— Details now published of the attempted murder of Mr. Vandeleur, agent for a North Kerry landowner. Mr. Vandeleur was re- turning to Tralee on the night of the 19th after collecting rents at Causeway, and had pro- ceeded about four miles on the Ardferd Road, when several shots were fired from the hedge. Mr. Vandeleur replied with three shots from his revolver, whereupon another shot was fired from the hedge, grazing the horse’s neck. The driver proceeded at full speed to the Ardferd Barracks, where information of the outrage was lodged. — Died, aged 53, Dr. Frederick Guthrie, F.R.S., Professor of Physics, Royal School of Mines. 22.— Opening of a new Liberal club in Leith, the principal speaker being the Earl of Aberdeen. A letter was read from Mr. Glad- stone in which he said that all true Liberals must desire to see the re-union of their party, and he and his colleagues had been striving and would continue to strive to that end. Lord Rosebery, in a letter of apology for absence, said that in regard to Ireland the intentions of the Government were unknown, but he was afraid the Ministerial policy would not be one in which Liberals could concur. His lordship did not think the re-union of the Liberal party could be effected by the leaders, but he had unlimited faith in the common-sense of the rank and file to bring about by calm discussion during the autumn and winter that which they all so much desired. In the course of his speech Lord Aberdeen said he was not inclined to take a gloomy view of the position of the Liberal party. He argued for a change in the traditional policy of this country towards Ireland, and said that if a large measure of self-government were given to the Irish the influence and designs of unscrupulous men would be destroyed. — Messrs. Baring announced the purchase by a limited liability company of the business of Messrs. Guinness, brewers, of Dublin, for ^5,200,000— partly in shares, and partly in debentures — and invited public subscriptions. In the course of the day the capital required was subscribed several times over, and the debenture stock was quoted at 16 per cent, premium, the preference 3I, and the ordinary (^10) shares at 5I premium. Before the period for subscribing (three days) had passed upwards of £ 100,000,0:0 was offered by the public. 1574 22. — Died suddenly in his class-room from apoplexy, Dr. Alexander Dyce Davidson, Pro- fessor of Materia Medica inAberdeenUniversity. 24 -. — The “Monument of Glory” erected in memory of those who had fallen in the Russo-Turkish War, 1876-77, unveiled at St. Petersburg by the Czar and Czarina and a large number of the Imperial family. — Died at Altenburg, aged 77, Friedrich, Count von Beust, Chancellor of Austro- I lungary 1867-71, and sometime Austrian Ambassador in London. 25 . — The proceedings of the expeditionary force in Skye to-day result in an unfortunate conflict on the estate of Colonel Fraser of Kilmuir. The force attending the sheriff officers was the smallest that had hitherto been sent out. There were seventeen marines and thirteen policemen. Sheriff Hamilton was again in charge. On reaching the township of Kilvaxter, Sheriff-officer Mac.donald, accom- panied by two policemen, left the main body, while Mr. Grant, with nine policemen and the whole of the Marines, proceeded to the town- ship of Borneskitivaig. On arriving there the Marines halted, and the rest of the party went on to serve their papers. They were speedily confronted by a threatening crowd who opposed their operations, and it was only after consider- able wrangling and angry altercation that one of the writs was served. On attempting to serve a second warrant, the officer found the doorway of the house blocked with women. In endeavouring to dislodge them the police excited the passions of the men, who at once proceeded to throw mud and sods and otherwise aid the women in resistance. The opposition soon grew into a riot, and a number of blows were struck. At length the assistance of the Marines had to be called in. With fixed bayonets these latter kept back the men, and the women were removed. Service was then effected by fixing the papers to the door after knocking repeatedly and obtaining no answer. In the course of the struggle six men, five of them fishermen, were arrested and taken away handcuffed. 26 . — Annual conference of the National Union of Conservative Associations held at Bradford. Mr. Ashmead Bartlett presided, and there were upwards of 7 0Oi delegates, besides a number of members of Parliament, present. Lord Randolph Churchill, who on arriving at Bradford had been enthusiastically received by an immense crowd of spectators, entered the conference while Colonel Malleson was moving a resolution expressing confidence that the Government would pursue Lord Beaconsfield’s policy in guarding British interests against Russian aggression. Having congratulated the conference on the victory of the elections and the prosperity of Conservative cause, his lordship referre l to the prediction of the Separatists, that the alliance between OCTOBER 1 886 OCTOBER the Tories and the Liberal Unionists could not be of long duration. He maintained that so long as the objects of that alliance existed the alliance itself would be maintained, and he strongly urged all sound Conservatives to reciprocate the loyal support that they have received from Lord Hartington, Mr. Chamber- lain, and their followers. His lordship ad- dressed a great public meeting in St. George’s Hall in the evening. 26 . — Presentation of a testimonial to Mr. Schnadhorst at Birmingham, on the occasion of his retirement from the presidentship of the Birmingham Liberal Association. — Died, aged 92, General Sir Abraham Josias Cloete, K.C.B., whose first services were in the Mahratta War of 1817-19. 27 . — Two members of the Royal Engineers drowned in the Mersey through the capsizing of a punt in which they were making surveys for purposes of the defence of Liverpool. — In the Court of Queen’s Bench a jury award Mr. Charles Williams, war corre- spondent, £300 damages against the Right Hon. A. Beresford Hope, proprietor of the Saturday Review , for libel. Leave was given to appeal. The action was for ,£2,000. — Died, aged 69, Rt. Hon. Robert Porrett Collier, first Baron Monkswell ; Attorney- General 1868-71, when he was appointed a paid member of the Privy Council. — Died at Edinburgh, aged 73, Rev. John Kirk, D.D., ex-Professor of Practical Theology to the Evangelical Union, and author of several popular works. 23 . — A collision involving the loss of seven lives occurred in the Thames about three miles below Gravesend this afternoon, between the steamers Minerva , of West Hartlepool, and Borderer , of Liverpool. The Minerva was proceeding down the river* bound for Sunder- land, when the Borderer , which was steaming up ihe stream homeward bound from Boston, struck her on the starboard side abaft the engines, and she immediately began to sink. Some of the crew leapt into the water, and others took to the rigging, all being rescued by boats which put off td their assistance, with the exception of six, who sank before help could be afforded them ; and the seventh, who was taken from the water alive, died while being conveyed to Gravesend. — Frightful railway collision at Portage, Wisconsin. Before any of the injured people could be extricated the wreckage caught fire and twenty - five persons were burned to death. — Bartholdi’s colossal statue of Liberty, presented by France to America, and destined to be used as a lighthouse at the entrance of New York harbour, inaugurated by President Cleveland. The statue, of bronze, measures 151 feet in height, and is placed on a pedestal 154 feet high, forming the highest figure monument in the world. 28 . — The mansion of Berystide, near Wind- sor, almost totally destroyed by fire. A lady’s- maid was burnt to death and two other persons severely injured. A portion of the Eagley Mills, Bolton, was also burned to-day, the damage being estimated at .£35,000. 29 . — A public meeting of the citizens of Glasgow held, under the presidency of Lord Provost M‘Onie, to consult as to the proposed Exhibition in the city in 1888, and to take preliminary measures for organising the work; — Died, aged 78, Rev. Stephen Hawtrey, M.A., for thirty-six years Mathematical Master at Eton. — Died, aged 80, George Stevens Byng, second Earl of Strafford, P.C., F.R.S. — Died, aged 84, George William Johnson, a writer upon horticulture and chemistry. — Text published of the speech made by President Cleveland in accepting the statue of Liberty as a gift from France to the American nation. Such a token, he remarked, of affec- tion and consideration conveyed to Americans the assurance that in their efforts to commend to mankind the excellence of a government resting on the popular will they still had beyond the American continent a steadfast ally. 30 . — The island of Socotra formally annexed by Brigadier-General Hogg, British political resident at Aden. — Dr. H. Montagu Butler, Dean of Gloucester, late Head-Master of Harrow, appointed Master of Trinity College, Cam- bridge, in place of Dr. Thompson, deceased. — Triennial election of a Lord Rector for Edinburgh University, the candidates being Lord Iddesleigh, the retiring Lord Rector, and Sir Lyon Playfair, M. P. During the pro- gress of the voting the students indulged in various pranks. The result was : — Iddesleigh, 1,094 votes ; Playfair, 747 ; showing a majority for Lord Iddesleigh of 347 votes. The stu- dents had a torchlight procession in the even- ing, and the day’s proceedings closed with a disturbance in the vicinity of the Exhibition. — The Edinburgh International Exhibition of Industry, Science, and Art, after having been open for six months, is formally closed this evening. The total number of persons who visited it was 2,769,779, the daily average being about i8,ooo, the lowest in any single day 9,165, and the highest 62,981. The closing proceedings were marred by the mis- conduct of a body of University students. The final ceremony of locking the door was per- 1575 OCTOBER 886 NOVEMBER formed by Miss Martin, daughter of Mr. William Martin, convener of the artisans’ section. 30 . — The Church Liberation Society issue a circular, in which they state, with regard to Scotland, that it is now their duty to press the Disestablishment question as one of practical politics, without regard to the interests of poli- tical parties, and to insist that it should be included among the legislative changes essen- tial to national progress. — The Great Sobranje opened at Tirnova to-day. In the speech read by M. Stambuloff, one of the Regents, it was declared that the Government had striven, and with success, since the abduction of Prince Alexander, to maintain order, security, and peace in the country. It now became the duty of the Sobranje to elect a new Prince who would defend the liberty of the nation and lead it in the path of progress. 31 . — The cotton sheds on the north side of Wellington Dock, Liverpool, destroyed by fire, the stock of cotton, consisting of hundreds of bales, being rendered valueless. Damage estimated at ,£30,000. November 2. — Lord Denbigh, speaking at a Conservative dinner at Rugby, stated that in a private conversation he had had with the Pope, his Holiness expressed appreciation of the justice and toleration of the British Go- vernment, and said he wished to help this country wherever his influence extended ; but as he had no accurate means of knowing what was doing in Britain or what the Government wished, having no representative to tell him, it was impossible for him to act. Lord Den- bigh thought that the Government had made a mistake in not sending a representative to Rome, because there was no doubt the Pope had a world-wide power with a whole heart to help England, and was able to help us in Ireland as no other at present could. — Colonel Fraser, as chief of the City of London Police, issued a notice proclaiming the Socialist procession announced for Lord Mayor’s Day, and notifying that no other pro- cession but that of the Lord Mayor would be allowed on that day within the City precincts. 3 . — Mr. John Morley, speaking to a resolu- tion supporting Mr. Gladstone’s Home Rule policy at the annual meeting of the National Liberal Federation to-day, declared that what- ever else Liberals throughout the country intended, they meant to stand firm by the old policy and their old leader. The Liberal party stood in precisely the same position now as in June last. The late Government never said they wanted to carry the bill, the whole bill, and nothing but the bill. They were still willing to accept suggestions made in good faith, but they intended to adhere to the prin- ciple of the bill. Speaking at a public meeting 1576 in the evening, Mr. Morley said Mr, Gladstone was still the leader of the Liberal party, not- withstanding the combination against him to remove him from the service of his Queen. 3 . — The result of the polling in the New York mayoral election declared. Mr. Hewitt, the Democratic candidate, was returned with 90,216 votes, against 67,699 recorded for Mr. Henry George, Socialist ; and 60,392 for Mr. Roosevelt, Republican. — Died, aged 72, George Clowes, last surviving son of the founder of the printing house of William Clowes & Sons, London. 4 . — The Prime Minister declines to receive a deputation from the Social Democratic Fede- ration on the subject of the distress in London. In intimating this decision Lord Salisbury remarked that the Government were deeply sensible of the severity of the suffering to which the poorer classes in London are fre- quently exposed by want of employment during this portion of the year, and would consider with attention any ascertained facts which may be laid before them bearing upon the prospects of the approaching winter. A manifesto was issued by the Federation stating that they will not take the responsibility of leading an unarmed crowd against staves and bayonets on Lord Mayor’s Day, but they called for a meeting in Trafalgar Square to assert the right of the people to public meeting. They promised to carry on through- out the winter the agitation they had begun, — Explosion on board the Newcastle steamer Cartago Nova , at Hull. The vessel was discharging cargo at the Albert Dock, when her donkey boiler burst, killing six men and injuring between 30 and 40 others. Some idea of the force of the explosion may be gathered from the fact that one of the men was blown from the ship to the top of a high warehouse. — The trial of five men accused of assault^ ing Mr. Tabak, and robbing him of diamonds, ends in London to-night in a conviction. Various terms of penal servitude ranging from ten to five years were passed upon the prisoners. — Died at Sydney,* aged 66, Sir James Morton, Chief Justice of New South Wales. 6. — The 250th anniversary f$te of the found- ation of Harvard University celebrated with great rejoicings, at which representatives from Oxford, Cambridge, and other universities were present and received degrees of honour. In 1 636 (Oct. 28, O. S.) the colony of Massa- chusetts voted ,£400 for the establishment of a school at Newtown ; and two years later the college took its present name in consequence of a bequest (his library and £ 800 ) from the Rev. John Harvard, a graduate of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and subsequently a Pres- byterian Minister. NOVEMBER 886 NOVEMBER 6. — Remarkable episode at a meeting of the Edinburgh Branch of the Educational Insti- tute of Scotland. In the course of a lecture on educational progress Professor Blackie was interrupted by a Mr. Thomson, Albert Gallery, who attacked his knowledge of Greek, and at a later stage inquired if the Professor knew that language before he became a professor. Mr. Thomson’s observations were silenced by the overwhelming disapproval of the meeting. — Died, aged 62, George William Bar- rington, 7th Viscount Barrington. 8. — The Bulgarian Government sends a Note to the Powers intimating that the Sobranje having completed the validation of the elections, was now ready to proceed to the selection of a Prince, and inquiring whether any candidates were forthcoming. So far as Russia was concerned, General Kaulbars de- clined even to communicate the Note to his Government. “ The Bulgarian Government,” he remarked, “is aware of Russia’s declara- tion that she would consider the decisions of the Sobranje as null and void, the Sobranje itself being illegally constituted.” In spite of this protest, however, it was believed at Tirnova that the Sobranje would elect a Prince to-day. The draft of the reply of the Sobranje to the speech of the Regents was couched in patriotic terms, and concluded with the words — “Long live free and inde- pendent Bulgaria.” — Liverpool International Exhibition brought to a close to-night. Total admis- sions, exclusive of exhibitors, &c., from the opening on May 11, was 2,682,516. — Rev. Dr. Story appointed to the vacant Chair of Church History in the University of Glasgow, — Fred Archer, a popular jockey, shoots himself with a revolver at Newmarket. For some days he had been unwell, and on Sunday, 7th, the symptoms developed into typhoid fever. It was supposed that he had shot him- self in a frenzy brought on by his ailment. Archer was born in Cheltenham in 1857, his father and two brothers also being connected with the turf. He was early apprenticed to Matthew Dawson, and speedily gained the re- putation of being the most successful jockey of his time. In the course of his career he rode no fewer than 2747 winners, and he secured the Derby five times, the St. Leger six times, the Two Thousand Guineas four times, the One Thousand Guineas twice, and the Oaks four times. The Coroner’s jury returned a verdict of suicide while in a state of temporary insanity. The deceased was reported to have left a fortune of over a hundred thousand pounds. 9 . — The customary ceremonial of Lord Mayor’s Day was observed in London to-day ; ana though considerable excitement prevailed in consequence of the threatened demonstration of Socialists and extraordinary precautions were taken to cope with any outburst of popu- lar violence, all passed off quietly. The pageant traversed the streets unmolested, but the number of spectators was smaller than in former years. The shops, banks, and places of business along the line of route were closed and barricaded, and large bodies of police were massed at every point where there appeared to be any likelihood of disturbance. After the Show had passed Charing Cross the crowd rushed into Trafalgar Square and collected round Nelson’s Column, from the pedestal of which red flags were waved, and all but in- audible addresses were delivered by the Socialist orators. 9 . — Speaking at the Lord Mayor’s banquet to-night Lord Salisbury said that public interest was still predominated by the Irish question, and it was the duty of the Govern- ment to give effect to the mandate intrusted to them by the constituencies at the last election, and to do what they could to maintain law and order. He was glad to say that order was better preserved now than was the case some time ago. There were fewer outrages in Ireland, and the relations of landlord and tenant were better maintained than they had been for a long period. It was not to legisla- tion — though he did not exclude all thought of legislation — but to a steady course of honest government that he looked for the restoration of order in Ireland. Turning to the considera- tion of foreign policy, he referred to the engagement to evacuate Egypt ; but the duration of our stay in that countiy was to be decided not by time but by the accomplishment of reform. The object of the Government was to prevent all danger from anarchy, and to secure the reign of law and order. This result had to a large extent been assured, and a great improvement had been effected in the financial condition of Egypt. One of the most vital points was to secure the independ- ence of Egypt from foreign interference. It was in Bulgaria, however, that at present the vital interest of foreign politics was concen- trated. It had been hoped that an effectual barrier had been constructed against external pressure, but there had been a midnight con- spiracy in which the officers of the Prince, debauched by foreign gold, had turned against the ruler who had trusted them, and hurled him from the throne. This event had been denounced by the conscience and sentiment of the whole of Europe. The rights of Bul- garia were, however, safeguarded by the Treaty of Berlin. — Announcement in the London Gazette of a new naval and military order, to be styled the “Distinguished Service Order.” 10. — Prince Waldemar of Denmark elected Prince of Bulgaria by the Great Sobranje assembled at Tirnova ; but the offer, having 1577 NOVEMBER 1 886 NOVEMBER been referred to his father, the King of Den- mark, was declined under the circumstances of the situation. 10. — Close of the Colonial and Indian Ex- hibition ; 5,550,749 visitors since the opening. The balance-sheet showed the total receipts of the exhibition to have been ^208,490 4 s. id., and expenditure ,£213,927 125. The balance- sheet of the Health Exhibition (1884), also published at the same time, showed receipts, ^235,580 ii^.; expenditure, over ,£220,000. The Fisheries Exhibition (1883) showed re- ceipts, £162,903 7 5. 10 d. ; expenditure, ^148,151 05. 3d. 11 . — The .Marquis of Ripon visits Paisley, and opens a new club erected by the Liberals of the burgh at a cost of between £10,000 and £11,000. In the evening the noble lord was entertained to dinner by the members of the club. Speaking of Ireland his lordship said good might come from the temporary defeat of the Home Rule scheme of Mr. Gladstone, and if the ultimate result was to give Home Rule to Scotland and the other sections of the king- dom the delay would have been more than satisfactory. Liberal members, he said, should refuse to waste time in fruitless discussions on procedure, and should insist on the Govern- ment proceeding to decisive legislation. The Marquis addressed a meeting of Liberals in the Town Hall next day, and criticised the speech of the Prime Minister at the Mansion House, declaring that it simply meant that the Government was going to disregard the clearly- expressed wishes of the Irish people and do nothing. He had himself the suspicion, and he hoped it was not an uncharitable one, that the Government had come face to face with the difficulties of the question, and had become convinced, as he was convinced, that there was no mode of dealing with it finally and substantially except by the concession of Home Rule. — Vice-Chancellor Bacon, “ the last of the Vice-Chancellors,” resigned his seat on the Bench, having already entered his eighty- eighth year. The majority of the judges attended his court to assist in the farewell, spoken in name of the Bar by the Attorney- General. The vacancy on the Bench was at once filled by the promotion of Mr. Arthur Kekewich, Q.C. — A meeting held in Aberdeen under the presidency of the Earl of Aberdeen, at which it was agreed to form a society to take up the work unfinished by the late Spalding Club. The society, which is to be called the New Spalding Club, will promote the study of the history, topography, and archaeology of the north-eastern counties of Scotland, and it was intimated that a large amount of material useful to the club had been collected. — Died, at Planoi, Annam, aged 53, Paul Bert, a distinguished French savant. 1578 12 . — Extraordinary nullity of marriage case came on for hearing in the Divorce Court yesterday before Mr. Justice Butt. In this case Miss Lena Mary Scott, otherwise Sebright, daughter of Lady Scott, sought for a decree of nullity of marriage on the alleged ground that her consent thereto was im property obtained. The respondent was Arthur Edgar Sanders Sebright. The Attorney-General, in opening the case, said the marriage took place on the 30th January last. The petitioner would not deny that she went through a form of marriage at the Registrar’s office, but would state that the marriage was never consummated. The parties had never lived together. The parties had known each other for a considerable time, and the ceremony of marriage was brought about by monetary transactions in which Miss Scott had been involved. Sebright induced the petitioner to put her name to acceptances, and there was no doubt that she believed if she went through a form of marriage she would be relieved of the difficulties under which she laboured. She, however, never regarded the marriage seriously. Justice Butt delivered judgment on the 16th, finding that the lady was not in a mental condition to be a contracting party at the date of the marriage, and accord- ingly declared the ceremony null. He pro- nounced in favour of the petitioner, dismissing the respondent’s counter claim with costs. The respondent’s bankruptcy was before the London Bankruptcy Court on the 16th. — Died, aged 80, William Willoughby Cole, Earl of Enniskillen, Imperial Grand Master of the Orange Society. 13 . — Speaking at the Dolphin Colson anni- versary, Bristol, Sir M. Hicks-Beach said the Irish were growing impatient of the despotism of the National League, and if they should revolt against it they would have learned a lesson such as fifty Coercion Bills could never equal. The Government had no intention of competing with Mr. Gladstone in a Home Rule measure for Ireland — Mr. Gladstone could certainly outbid them — but there was much in the law that might be amended with great benefit to Ireland, and he trusted that the Royal Commissions would soon produce information on which they could frame useful measures. The question of local government both in Great Britain and Ireland should be based on two principles — complete responsi- bility to the Imperial Parliament on the part of those intrusted with the management of local affairs, and an infusion into the local power of that popular element which domi- nated our political constitution. The first requisite, however, for reasonable, constitu- tional, and wise legislation was that the House of Commons should be enabled to do its business. — Died at Sutton, Surrey, aged 86, George Thomas Doo, F.R.S., well-known engraver. NOVEMBER 1886 NO VEMBER 15 . — -Died, aged 78, Baron Gustave Heine Geldern, editor and proprietor of the Vienna Frendenblatt ; deceased was a brother of Heinrich Heine. 16 . — The head-mastership of Rugby School, vacant by the resignation of Dr. Jex Blake, offered to and accepted by Dr. Percival, President of Trinity College, Oxford. — Died, aged 69, Bishop Francis Thomas Macdougall, Archdeacon of the Isle of Wight and Canon of Winchester, and formerly Bishop of Labuan. — Died at his residence, Kelvinside, Glasgow, aged 59, Francis William Clark, LL.D., Sheriff Principal of Lanarkshire, and author of various law-books. — Died at Egham, aged 56, Rear-Admiral W. Arthur, C.B., a Naval Aide-de-Camp to the Queen ; he served with distinction during the Russian war, and in China. 17 . — Trial of the action of Adams against Lord Coleridge for libel begins in the Court of Queen’s Bench, when Mr. Adams, who con- ducted his own case, made the opening state- ment. The Earl of Iddesleigh, the Earl of Selborne, the Bishop of Oxford, and Lord Herschell were examined as witnesses, after which the further hearing of the case was adjourned. 1 8 . — In reply to a deputation from the Metro- politan Board of Works, the Chancellor of the Exchequer (Lord R. Churchill) declined to promise the support of the Government to a Bill for prolonging for a further period the coal and wine dues payable within the Metro- politan district. — The hearing of the libel action of Adams v. Coleridge was resumed to-day in the Court of Queen’s Bench. The Hon. Stephen Cole- ridge, son of the defendant, deposed to writing a letter while in America, in November, 1883, to Mr. Harrison, solicitor to Lord Coleridge, in which he described his efforts to clear his father’s character from the aspersions cast upon it. The plaintiff read a statement made by him at the proceedings before assessors against the Hon. Bernard Coleridge, and Mr. Matthews read the case submitted to the assessors by Lord Coleridge, together with a voluminous corre- spondence. The reading of a statement by Miss Coleridge (Mrs. Adams) had not been concluded when the Court rose. — Mr. Thomas Stevens reached Shanghai, after having performed a journey of nearly 12,000 miles on a bicycle. He started from San Francisco in April, 1884, and went across the States, thence to Europe going across the Continent and through Asia Minor to Teheran and on to China, by way of Meshed, Astrabad, Lahore and Calcutta, where owing to the hostility of the natives he had to abandon his bicycle. 1579 18 . — A large new warehouse at the North End, Liverpool, in which were stored 1500 bales of cotton, destroyed by fire, the damage being estimated at over ^20,000. — Died at New York, aged 56, General Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States, 1881-85, having succeeded General Garfield, under whom he acted as Vice- President. 19 . — A serious fire occurs at Hampton Court Palace, when damage to the extent of between ,£10,000 and £"12,000 was caused. The outbreak originated in rooms occupied by Lord Alwyn Compton, and before it could be suppressed a large amount of valuable furniture and family relics was destroyed. No damage, however, was caused to the national collections in the Palace. — Further hearing of the Adams v. Cole- ridge libel action resumed in the Queen’s Bench Division to-day. Justice Denman, on the opening of the court, said he had received a scurrilous and anonymous letter alluding to the case and endeavouring obviously to operate on his mind. When that was done to a judge, it might be done to the jurymen, whom he re- quested to communicate any such letters to him. Mr. Adams then proceeded with the reading of Miss Coleridge’s statement before the arbitrator. Mrs. Adams was examined, and contradicted the statement of Mr. Butterfield as to her using disparaging expressions about her father. Mr. Adams went into the witness box, after which the Court again adjourned. — Died at Brighton, aged 86, John Bramley-Moore, an energetic and prosperous Liverpool merchant, closely associated with the extension of the great dock system of that city. 21 . — Died at Boston, aged 79, Charles Francis Adams, American statesman, repre- senting the United States at St. James’s 1861-68. — Died, aged 53, Major-General Sir Francis Worgan Festing K.C.M.G., he served in the Russian and Ashantee Campaigns. 22. — The hearing of the libel case of Adams v. Coleridge was resumed to-day in the Queen’s Bench Division. Mr. Adams was re- examined in regard to certain documents submitted to the arbitrator, and Sir Henry James addressed the Court for the defence, calling attention to the importance of the correspondence with Lord Monkswell, and commenting » severely on the fact that Mr. Adams had not disclosed documents. Mr. Lockwood followed for Mr. Bernard Cole- ridge. Lord Coleridge was then examined by Sir Charles Russell, and said that previous to receiving the letter from Mr. Adams announc- ing his formal engagement to his daughter he Q Q* NO V&MBER 1886 NOVEMBER had only once seen the plaintiff at his house. When he paid his visit to the United States he desired his daughter to accompany him, but she declined. On returning in November he saw the plaintiff, and as a result of that inter- view he undertook to put in writing his views on the subject of their marriage. He did this, and in a letter to Mrs. Bishop he conveyed the intimation that the plaintiff Was trying to force his daughter into a position where she would be compelled to marry him, but he had since withdrawn that imputation. 23 . ' — A son bom at Windsor to Princess Henry of Battenberg (Princess Beatrice). 24 . — Lord Salisbury writes an article entitled “Hospital Support, a Public Duty,” to a weekly journal. His lordship urged that" this claim of the hospitals was prior to any other claim that could be made. It was the only philanthropic kind of charity against which the sternest and most rigid professor of political economy had never ventured to raise his voice. He said his readers should put other objects of philanthropy behind, rather, if so it must be, to cease from gifts elsewhere than to allow this splendid machinery for succouring the masses of human suffering to run any risk of having its utility abridged, or of being thrown upon the dangerous and insecure ahd delusive support of State contributions. 25 . — Mr. Arthur J. Balfour (Secretary for Scotland) elected Lord Rector of Aberdeen University by 108 votes against 88 for Sir John Lubbock. — Coleridge Libel Case brought to a close in the Court of Queen’s Bench. Mr. Justice Denman concluded his summing-up, and the jury, after deliberating for an hour and a quarter, found a verdict for the defendants. They, however, appended to their verdict an expression of their sense of the serious result produced by the very careless and highly re- prehensible manner in which the papers had been sent to Lord Monkswell by Lord Cole- ridge’s solicitor, and gave their opinion that the plaintiffs should be held free of costs in the action. Mr. Justice Denman pointed out that the jury had nothing to do with the costs, and gav6 judgment with costs for the defendants. — Great excitement at Liverpool in conse- quence of the refusal of the Postmaster-General to prolong the exclusive contract for carrying the American mails with the White Star and Cunard lines, and to admit the North German Lloyd ships (touching at Southampton) to participation in the Subsidy. 26 — Mr. John Dillon visits Ballagharderin on this, Lord Dillon’s rent day, for the purpose of carrying out the United Ireland “Plan of Campaign,” when a summons is served on him to appear in the Court of Queen’s Bench, 1580 Dublin. “He will be required to find suffi- cient sureties to be of good behaviour towards the Queen and Her Majesty’s subjects, and in default he will be committed to prison. The proceedings are based on speeches delivered during the current month advising the people to combine and resist their landlords.” A deputation representing many of Lord Dillon’s tenants waited on the estate agent to-day, and demanded a 25 per cent, reduction. The agent undertook to forward a memorial asking the reduction if one was prepared. A meeting of the tenants was afterwards addressed by Mr. Dillon and Mr. W. O’Brien, M.P., who re- ceived the rents, less 25 per cent., to form an estate fund on the lines of the “Plart of Campaign.” 26 . — In the Divorce Division of the High Court of Justice to-day — before Mr. Justice Butt and a special jury — proceedings were commenced in the suits of Campbell i). Camp- bell and Campbell v. Marlborough and others. Lady Colin Campbell in the first suit sought divorce on the ground of the cruelty and adultery of her husband. The second suit was a Similar petition by Lord Colin Campbell on the ground of the wife’s adultery with the co-respondents. Mr. Charles Russell opened the case for Lady Colin Campbell. The parties were married in 18S1, and in 1884 Lady Colin obtained a judicial separation. From that date her footsteps were constantly dogged. She met the Duke of Marlborough in June, 1884, in Paris, and this was one occasion of alleged adultery. There was no ground for the alleged adultery with Captain Shaw, and it would be proved that Lord Colin had committed adultery with Mary Watson, his housemaid. Lady Miles, cousin to Lady Colin Campbell was examined, and said Lord Colin told her his Wife had had a miscar- riage; — Staple Inn* Holborn, one of the rem- nants of “ Old London,” and comprising the old historic hall, chambers, and gardens, sold at auction by the “Ancients” of the Inn to the Prudential Assurance Company for ,£68,000. 27 . — A daring mail robbery reported as having taken place this morning. Whilst the express mail train was travelling between Ostend and Verviers the sacks containing the mails from England for Germany, Austria, and the East were cut open, and all the registered letters abstracted. These contained several packets of diamonds and valuable securities from American banking houses. “ The police are said to be on the track of the thieves, who, it is supposed, joined the train at Ostend, and taking advantage of the darkness broke open the mail van. The loss sustained by the State of Belgium, which is responsible for the robbery, is estimated at one million francs;” NOVEMBER 1 886 DECEMBER 27 . — A statue of Cobden unveiled at Stock- port by one of his daughters, the principal speaker being the Marquis of Ripon. 28 . — Died, aged 86, Sir Alexander Charles Malet, K.C.B., English diplomatist, for four- teen years Envoy to the Germanic Confedera- tion. 29 . — Rumour current that the firmness of the Government in the matter of proclaimed meetings has caused some surprise among the Nationalists. Yesterday (Sunday) and Satur- day the town of Sligo and district were in a state of considerable excitement. Mr. O’Brien and a number of other Nationalist members of Parliament arrived in the town, but were warned by the police that if attempts were made to hold meetings the people would be dispersed. Several attempts were made, but the activity of the police, who used their batons freely, prevented them continuing above a few minutes. No one was at all seriously injured in the collision between the constabu- lary and the people. Mr. O’Brien and some of his friends, however, managed to elude the police vigilance, and held a meeting at Rivers- town, where he denounced in strong language the conduct of the Government. The police came upon the scene and threatened to arrest O’Brien, but he defied them, and as there was only a small force of police in the place, the authorities thought it prudent not to take extreme measures. Speaking at Cork several Irish members said the action of the Govern- ment showed that they feared the “ Plan of Campaign.” — Dr. Williams, of Chicago, elected trea- surer of the Revolutionary Directory of the Fenian Brotherhood, in the place of O’Donovan Rossa, who was excommunicated, having been found guilty of “fraud, treachery, treason, persistent violation of the constitution in financial matters, and gross indiscretion.” — A man and a woman reported as having successfully navigated the Niagara whirlpool in a barrel. The man had performed a similar feat before. 30 . — The church of St. Bartholomew, Smithfield, founded in 1102 — one of the most interesting historical records of the City of London — re-opened, after having been com- pletely restored, so far as possible, with regard to the original designs. — Died, aged 70, Right Hon. Acton Smee Ayrton, Chief Commissioner of Works and Buildings. December 1. — Riot at Cork, in which Mr. John O’Connor, M.P., and Dr. Tanner, M.P., took part ; the latter was struck down by the police whilst attempting to rescue his colleague. — Died in London, aged 39, Mrs. Emma Paterson, honorary secretary and founder of the Women’s Protective and Provident League. Q Qz 1. — Died, aged 69, Mark Anthony, eminent landscape painter. 2. — Destructive fire in the warehouse of Messrs. Thompson, wholesale stationers, Knightrider Street, Doctors’ Commons ; the church of St. Mary Magdalen with St. Gregory also caught fire, and was completely destroyed, the total damage being estimated at upwards of 100,000. — Disastrous explosion at Elmore Colliery, Hetton, near Durham ; thirty-seven lives lost. 3 . — The French Ministry resign, in con- sequence of an adverse vote in the Chamber of Deputies yesterday. When the Chamber re- sumed discussion of the Budget an amendment was proposed by M. Duval, having for its object the total abolition of the post of Sub- Prefect. M. Sarrien, Minister of the Interior, opposed the amendment, and promised that later in the session he would introduce the bill for the partial abolition of the Sub-Prefecture, while M. de Freycinet, reproaching the Oppo- sition for seizing every opportunity to over- throw the Government, declared that it would be dangerous for the Republic to interfere at present with existing institutions. In spite, however, of the attitude taken up by the Prime Minister, the House adopted the amend- ment by a majority of 13 — the voting being 262 to 249. - — A serious fire occurs early this morning in the Blind Asylum, Castle Street, Glasgow, resulting in the destruction of a large portion of the building, the damage being estimated at about ,£10,000. Fortunately all the in- mates were got out in safety, but one of the firemen was slightly injured by the falling debris. — An extraordinary incident in connection with the new American mail arrangements takes place at Liverpool. A large number of letters from Manchester, Bradford, and Liver- pool had been specially marked to go “per Umbria ,” the outgoing Cunard liner which was advertised to sail direct from the Mersey to New York, and in accordance with the official regulations these letters, made up in three bags, were sent by the Post Office tender for delivery to the Umbria . But the super- intendent of the Cunard line, evidently acting on authority, declined to receive any “ship letters,” so that the bags had to be taken back to the Liverpool Post Office. — The sum realised by the Edinburgn Uni- versity Students’ Union fancy fair, which closed to-night, was over .£9,000. — The editor of Punch committed for trial for libel in publishing an article, “Sketches from Mr. Punch! s Studio. To Mrs. Gore- Jenkins, a suburban political lady.” Mrs. R. Gent- Davis, wife of the member for Kennington, considered the article as personal to herself. DECEMBER 886 DECEMBER A ?. — Conferences at St. Stephen’s Hall in con- nection with the Potato Tercentenary, to com- memorate the introduction of potatoes into England, and devise means for improving the crop and removing restrictions upon its culti- vation and distribution. 5 . — A great Nationalist demonstration was held this (Sunday) afternoon at Inchiquin, near Killeagh, on the estate of Mr. Talbot Pon- sonby, an extensive landowner in Co. Cork, whose tenants have adopted the Plan of Cam- paign. Mr. Wm, O’Brien, who was accom- panied by Mr. Lane, M.P., and Dr. Tanner, M. P., addressed the meeting. The Plan of Campaign, he said, had received the blessing of the great Archbishop in Dublin, and its legality had been pronounced by the Attorney- General for Ireland. Neither the Attorney- General nor any man living could tell them how that combination could be broken up. The Plan was only in its infancy, but it would be an infant Hercules. It would only be used moderately and in an unimpeachable cause. He urged them to stand shoulder to shoulder till they had liberated Ireland from the curses of landlordism and English rule. Mr. Lane announced that the tenants on two other large estates in the district had adopted the Plan of Campaign. ©. — Appointment announced of an im- portant Committee to inquire into various questions relating to education in Scotland. Amongst the points to be submitted to the Committee were : — (i) The position of the training colleges ; (2) the areas of School Board districts ; (3) the condition of secondary schools as affected by recent legislation. The Com- mittee appointed by the Secretary for Scotland to consider these matters consisted of Mr. C. S. Parker, M.P. ; Mr. R. B. Finlay, Q.C., M.P. ; Mr. R. W. Cochran-Patrick ; and Mr. Henry Craik. — President Cleveland’s Message, com- municated to Congress to-day, states that no questions have arisen between the United States and other nations during the year which are beyond the reach of friendly settlement. With reference to the Fisheries dispute, the President said that, though desirous that such relations should exist between the United States and Canada as agreed upon in the Treaty of 1818, yet the action of the Canadian officials towards American fishermen had been such as to seriously threaten their continuance. — Died at Brighton, aged 87, Field-Marshal Sir Richard Dacres, G.C.B., Constable of the Tower ; served with great distinction in the Crimean campaign. — Died at Inverness, aged 84, Horatio Ross, a famous shot, and winner of the first recorded steeplechase. — Sir William Montagu Call, Bart., of Craig Lodge, arrested at Ormidale, prepara- tory to being charged in connection with | 1582 Lieutenant-Colonel Sandovel and Mr. Baird with contravention of the Foreign Enlistment Act by being concerned in the equipment and despatch of the steamer Justicia for service against the friendly State of Venezuela. 7 . — The Marquis of Hartington presides at a numerously-attended conference of Liberal Unionists in London. At the opening of his address he read an important letter from Mr. Bright and a telegram from Mr. Chamberlain. Mr. Bright wrote that he could not attend either with a prospect of being useful or with comfort to himself. Mr. Gladstone’s speaking and writing, and especially his reception of the Irish deputation, seemed to have driven him so far in a wrong course that there was no hope of any more moderate policy from him. At this moment his allies in Ireland — Dillon, O’Brien and Co. — were driving matters to an extremity, and he and Mr. Parnell said no word to avert or lessen the impending calamity. If he (Mr. Bright) were forced to speak he would have to speak strongly, and he doubted whether good could come of doing so. Mr. Chamberlain telegraphed that while the Separ- atists maintained their defeated policy, Unionist organisation was a necessary duty. If that policy were abandoned, the Liberal Unionists were ready to discuss any safe scheme. Lord Hartington reviewed the history of the Liberal Unionists, and contended that the necessity which caused its formation still existed, and would continue to exist until the Irish question was disposed of by their defeat or by a more complete victory. After touching on the question of organisation, he referred to the possibility of reunion, and declared that there was no indication of a desire on the part of the Separatists to form a platform of mutual recognition of each other’s demands and views. Mr. Gladstone had identified himself with the Irish Nationalists, and the Leeds conference had reiterated the defeated policy. A banquet in connection with the conference was held in the evening. Lord Flartington presided, and proposed the usual loyal toasts. Mr. Goschen, in proposing the toast of the evening, “The Unionist Cause,” said the issues before them were broadening day by day. They had begun as a party to defend the integrity of the Empire ; they were now called on to maintain the integrity of society at large. Reference had been made to the sacrifices they had made, but the success of their cause did not merely mean accession to office. Overtures had been made to the Unionists, but whom and what were they asked to join? Not the old tradi- tional Liberal party, but they were asked to ally themselves with Gladstone, Parnell, Labouchere, Dillon, and Co. in a policy of connivance at revolutionary practices, a policy of silence in face of a plan of plunder. They had now passed to a new stage of the question. The centre had been shifted from the Na- tionalist problem to the agrarian. If Mr. DECEMBER 886 DECEMBER Gladstone’s measures had been carried, we should have seen the Plan of Campaign passed into law by the Irish Parliament. 7 - — The new Art Gallery erected by the Cor- poration of Kilmarnock, at a cost of about ^2,000, opened by Sir William Muir, Prin- cipal of Edinburgh University. Taking advantage of the distinguished gentleman’s presence in the town, the authorities presented him with the freedom of the burgh, the cere- mony taking place in the Laigh Kirk Mission Plall. Sir William, while inaugurating the building, also opened the Exhibition of Paint- ings, and passed high commendation on the collection. At a luncheon held in the after- noon, Sir William Muir, in replying to the toast of his health, said he had sobered down a bit in politics since he went to India. They might have their G.O.M.’s by all manner of means, but his G.O.M., above and before all, was the grand old monarchy. — The Postmaster-General decides to take action against the Cunard Company in re- ference to their refusal to carry ship letters to America by the Umbria on the 4th inst. In the Queen’s Bench Division to-day the Solici- tor-General made an application on the ques- tion, asking leave to serve notice of motion against the company. The Court at once granted leave. A few ship letters were ten- dered at Liverpool to-day for conveyance by the Cunard liner Catalonia for Boston, and were accepted as usual. B . — The Marquis of Salisbury was this even- ing the principal guest of the City Conservative Club. The Earl of Denbigh presided. In acknowledging the toast of his health, Lord Salisbury said the present was a time of crisis, but not of discouragement. Ireland, said the Prime Minister, must be relieved from the evils under which she laboured. Her population had long been deceived, and nothing but the strong arm of the law steadily and persistently applied could redeem them from the deception so long practised upon them . In the conflict in Ireland the very elements of law were at stake. It was not a question of Home Rule or no Home Rule, but of the ful- filment of legal obligations and the dis- charge of lawful debts. The teachings of the Irish leaders was fraud disguised under the pretence of patriotism. Could they imagine that the great work of making a nation, which the Irish party professed to be undertaking, could be founded on a basis of organised embezzlement ? The English nation might have been misled by the cry of national claims, but they could not be misled as to whether it is right to pay one’s legal debts or not. The Irish leaders alone were no longer responsible for themselves ; English statesmen of great traditions shared their responsibility, and nothing would more seriously affect their influence than any tampering with the atrocious doctrines that were being preached in Ireland. The Government were resisting not only the dismemberment of the empire, but the promul- gation of doctrines which would be fatal to the prosperity and well-being of any community of mankind. 8. — The variable weather of the past few days culminated this morning in a gale of extreme severity, which was experienced over almost the entire country. The destruction to property was very great, while heavy rain- falls and the sudden thawing of the snow which fell early in the week in many places occasioned serious floods. Shipping also suffered largely, and unfortunately the loss of life was considerable. The schooner Delphine Disiree, of Nantes, capsized at Dymchurch, and all her crew were drowned. Another schooner, the Mary Jane , of Aberyswith, from Aberdour to Aberdeen, struck on the South Carr Rocks, and in this case also all hands perished. Six vessels were reported as driven ashore between Pwllheli and Portmadoc. At Formby on the north coast of Lancashire, three lifeboats put off to the assistance of the German barque Mexico ; the crew were rescued, with the utmost difficulty, by the Lytham life- boat, but the Southport and Blackpool life- boats, which started out with the same object, were both capsized, and twenty-six lives lost, thirteen out of sixteen from each crew. — At Salford Sessions to-day the black preacher Nero was convicted of obtaining money by false pretences at Rochdale and Bury, and sent to prison for six months. 9. — The hearing of the Campbell divorce suits was resumed to-day, when the Attorney- General for the Duke of Marlborough and Mr. Gully for Captain Shaw stated the case to the jury as it affected their respective clients. — The action brought by the Post Office authorities against the Cunard Company in connection with the refusal of the latter to carry ship letters to America was called in the Queen’s Bench Division to-day, but the hearing was again adjourned — an under- taking being given by the company to take any mail bags that might be tendered in the meantime. A temporary order was made by the Court to restrain the White Star Line from declining to accept letters, and accordingly one bag of mails tendered to the Britt anic at Liverpool to-night was accepted, though under protest. 10. — Lord Blackburn resigns his position as Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. His lord- ship was a judge of the Queen’s Bench from 1859 to 1875, and in 1875 was appointed to the post he now 7 resigned. — The hearing of the Campbell divorce suits was resumed before Mr. Justice Butt to- day, when evidence was given by Lady Colin Campbell. 1583 DECEMBER 1886 DECEMBER 10. — The second trial of Theodore Oswald Keatinge, the alleged clerical impostor, takes place at Dublin, and the prisoner, against whom previous convictions were proved, sentenced to eighteen months’ imprisonment with hard labour. — In the Court of Session Lord Trayner gave judgment in an action in which James Bowie, Glasgow, sought declarator against the Marquis of Ailsa, that as a member of the public he was entitled to fish with the rod for trout within the tidal water of the river Doon. His lordship gave decree as concluded for, with expenses, finding that as the ordinary spring tide went up to the dam dyke, the public had a right to fish for trout up to that point, but that right must not be exercised so as to injure the salmon fishing of the pursuer. — Signor Minghetti, the celebrated Italian statesman, dies at Rome. He was born at Bologna in 1818. About the year 1859 he was appointed Secretary to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ; in i860 he accepted the post of Minister of the Interior in Cavour’s last Cabinet ; and in 1868 he was nominated Am- bassador to the Court of St. James’s. In 1873 he was President of the new Italian Ministry at Rome, and in 1876 his Cabinet was replaced by that of Signor Depretis. — Died, aged 79, Thomas Barwick Lloyd Baker, a distinguished philanthropist, to whose persevering advocacy the reformatory school system was wholly due. 11 . — A fire, causing damage to the extent of £10,000 in Queen’s College, Oxford. 12. — Died at Copenhagen, aged 82, Johann Nicolai Madvig, distinguished Danish gram- marian, philologist, and politician. 13 . — Sir John Pope Hennessy, Governor of Mauritius, suspended from his functions by the Royal Commissioner, Sir Hercules Robinson, on the ground that his policy had occasioned a breach between classes and nationalities on the island. — The Dundee University College make public a letter from Mr. Thomas II. Cox, of Maulesden, intimating the munificent gift of ,£12,000 for the endowment and equipment of a Chair of Anatomy in connection with the College. Mr. Cox added that he should like this donation to be considered as his gift to Dundee to commemorate the jubilee of Her Majesty’s reign. In a resolution of thanks to Mr. Cox for his gift, the Council decided to hail with satisfaction “the foundation of a Chair which is universally regarded as the central pillar of a Medical School.” — Dr. Eben. Watson, a distinguished prac- titioner in Glasgow, for many years one of the surgeons of the Royal Infirmary, and Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in Anderson’s College, died at his residence in Woodside Terrace. *584 13 . — An official inquiry into the capsizing of the Southport and St. Anne’s lifeboats on the night of the 9th curt., whereby twenty- seven lives were lost, opened at Southport. In each case the lifeboat was shown to be in excellent condition and efficiently man- ned, and the disaster appeared to be due, so far as the evidence went, to the inability of the boats to right themselves in consequence of the anchors having been cast. — The Campbell divorce case again comes before Mr. Justice Butt and a special jury to- day. After the examination of several wit- nesses, among them the brother of Lady Colin, the case was again adjourned. At W estminster Police Court yesterday, John Doller, a clerk, was remanded on a charge of attempting to extort money from Lord Colin Campbell, he having, it was alleged, written his lordship that unless ,£100 were sent him by Friday last he would communicate something surprising to Sir Charles Russell. — The trial of the six crofters who were arrested in connection with the disturbance at Borneskitivaig, Skye, on the 25th October last, takes place before Lord Mure in the High Court of Justiciary. The accused pleaded not guilty, and a jury was empanelled. The hear- ing of the evidence occupied all day. After an absence of thirty-five minutes, the jury returned a verdict against all the prisoners of mobbing and rioting, but recommended them to the utmost leniency of the Court. Sentence, three months* imprisonment. 14 . — The proceedings against Mr. John Dillon, M. P. , brought to a close in the Court of Queen’s Bench, Dublin. Mr. Dillon ad- dressed the Court in his own defence. The only conspiracy, he affirmed, he had engaged in was to stay the hand of the evictor and the hand of the assassin, for the movement would put an end to agrarian assassination, which the Executive had for 150 years vainly endeavoured to cope with. Pie would go on with the work as long as he lived. Mr. Justice O’Brien, in delivering judgment, said that Mr. Dillon’s language was used to propound a plan of action which arrayed against each other the two great classes between whom the soil was divided, and its result would be a conflict only short of civil war. The Plan of Campaign was clearly, dis- tinctly, and absolutely illegal. Mr. Justice Johnson concurred, and Mr. Dillon was ordered within twelve days to give sureties himself in £1,000 and two securities together to a like amount, or in default to go to prison for six months, or until the sureties were given. — At a meeting of Sir George Trevelyan’s election committee at Galashiels it was decided to form a Liberal Unionist Association in the town. — The opening on Sunday afternoons of the Bradford Free Library and Museum decided upon in the Town Council, by a majority of 31 votes to 24. DECEMBER 1886 DECEMBER 14 -.— Thirteen of the men who lost their lives by the capsizing of the Southport lifeboat Eliza Fernlty while attempting to save the crew of the Mexico interred at Southport, the funeral being a public one. 15 . — The new Sion College, erected on the Thames Embankment, from designs by Mr. A. Blomfield, opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales. — Signor Merlatti completed his fifty days’ fast, begun under strict supervision at the Grand Hotel, Paris. — At a meeting of the National Society of Musicians, held in Manchester to-day, Mr. A. C. Mackenzie delivered an address on the prospects of music in England. On the whole, he said, the prospect was a pleasant and hope- ful one, and in spite of existing deficiencies and difficulties, we had right good reason to be grateful for the steady onward march of pro- gress. The interest of the public in good music generally, and in native music particu- larly, was increasing, and consequently a widening field lay open for the exercise of the talent of which there was no lack in this country. — Lord Trayner gives judgment in the Court of Session in an important action of multiplepoinding and exoneration in name of the trustees of the late Anthony Inglis, engineer and shipbuilder, Glasgow, for the distribution of his estate and for the judicial discharge of his trustees. Mr. Inglis died a widower in 1884, leaving a son and daughter. His movable estate amounted to about £152,000, and the net rental of his heritable estate was upwards of £2,500 a year. The son and daughter were called on by the trustees to elect whether they would take the provisions under their father’s will or their legal rights, which they understood would have given about .£75,000, being one- half of the movable estate, to each, and the whole of the heritage in addition to the son. On this supposition the daughter chose to ac- cept her legal rights. The son now, however, claimed that she had elected to take her rights at common law, and that only entitled her to £37,500. The daughter, however, maintained that she had closed her legal rights under a wrongous assumption, and that she had subse- quently withdrawn her letter of election, and was entitled to the provisions under the will. Lord Trayner upheld the daughter’s com tention, and gave decree in her favour, with expenses. 16 . — The emphatic decision of the Irish Court of Queen’s Bench respecting the ille- gality of the Plan of Campaign is followed by prompt action on the part of the Execu- tive. While holding an office for the col- lection of rents at Loughrea, on a portion of Lord Clanricarde’s estate, to-day, Mr. John Dillon, M.P., Mr. Matthew Harris, M.P., Mr. David Sheehy, M.P., and Mr. William O’Brien were arrested. A great Nationalist meeting had been addressed by Mr. Dillon and Mr, O’Brien. At the rent office an address of congratulation and welcome had been presented to Mr. Dillon from the priests and people of Ballinasloe, and rents to the amount of £88 had been deposited, when the police entered, seized the books, papers, and money, and arrested Mr. Dillon after a scuffle. The other Nationalist leaders were imme- diately afterwards taken into custody, but no other money was recovered. The pri- soners were taken to the police barracks, and, a magistrate having been sent for, they were remanded for a week and admitted to bail — themselves in £100 each and two sureties of £50. 13 . — The Plan of Campaign proclaimed in a supplement of the Dublin Gazette “ by the Lords Justices General and General Governors of Ireland.” The proclamation warned all persons that, by whatsoever name it may be known or by whatsoever means it may be carried out, the movement is an unlawful and criminal conspiracy, and that every one who promotes or joins therein will expose him- self to prosecution, and that all money, receipts, books, and documents connected with it are liable to be seized, and the persons found in possession of them to be arrested and brought to trial. 20. — The Campbell divorce suits concluded, before Mr. Justice Butt and a jury, in London. After long consideration, the foreman reported that the jury found that Lord Colin Campbell had not committed adultery with Amelia Watson, and also that Lady Colin Campbell had not committed adultery with any of the four co-respondents, or with any person un- known. The yerdict was received with some slight cheering, which was instantly sup- pressed. The foreman of the jury added that the jury further desired to say that General Butler, in not coming forward in the interests of justice to give evidence, acted in a manner altogether unworthy of an English officer and a gentleman, and was responsible for the difficulty of the jury in coming to a decision in this case. Meeting at the Mansion House in aid of the funds of Guy’s Hospital, the income of which, owing to agricultural depression, had fallen from £44,000 to £26,000. 21. — Field-Marshal Lord Napier of Mag- dala, C.B., appointed Constable of the Tower, in the place of Sir R. J. Dacres, K.C.B., deceased. — Speaking at a National League meeting in Dublin, Mr. T. M. Healy characterized the action of the Government as impudent. Their insulting proclamation was a mere threat, which could and would be derided by the people, and he declared that if any eviction fund were interfered with by any persons, in DECEMBER 886-7 JANUAR Y uniform or not, the taking of that money was brigandage, and brigands should be resisted like burglars. There were only 10,000 police in Ireland and half a million tenant farmers, and if the latter were not mice but men, they could, and he believed they would, resort to means to keep their property in their own pos- session, irrespective of such proclamations. 22. — Mr. Bright, in a letter to a corre- spondent, says he can give no opinion as to the Welsh Church question being placed on the Liberal programme for the future. He had no doubt the question would remain un- settled for a time, whilst we were fighting over the question of whether one of the three kingdoms is to be handed over to the half Irish and half American conspiracy which is now at open war with the Government of the Queen. 23 . — Lord Randolph Churchill’s resignation as Chancellor of the Exchequer announced. 24. — Collision in Lisbon harbour between H. M.S. Sultan and the steamer Ville de Vic- toria, which sunk almost immediately, involv- ing the loss of thirty lives. — Destructive fire in Liverpool, a large general shop and establishment, with a mena- gerie attached, known as Lewis’s, being com- pletely destroyed ; damage done estimated at over a quarter of a million, and upwards of I, 000 hands thrown out of employment. — Died at Eastbourne, aged 59, Sir Douglas Forsyth, C.B., K.C.S.G., of the Indian Civil Service. — Died, aged 64, Francis Francis, for many years editor of the angling columns of The Field. 26 . — Died, aged 81, Sir James Dalrymple Horn Elphinstone, Lord of the Treasury from 1874-80. 27 . — The treaty of 1841, between England and Prussia, respecting a Protestant bishopric at Jerusalem, annulled by mutual agreement. — Temple Theatre at Philadelphia de- stroyed by fire ; no lives lost, but damage done to the value of 300,000 dollars. — Isabella Burns Begg, a niece of the poet Burns, and his last near relative, dies at Ayr, having this day reached her eighty-first birthday. Deceased was a daughter of Burns’s only sister, Isabella, who married John Begg, 1793- 30 . — A shocking colliery accident occurs late to-night at Houghton Main Colliery, about five miles from Barnsley, through the breaking of the wire rope by which the cage containing ten miners was being drawn to the surface. The depth of the shaft was 530 yards, and the cage was within 150 yards of the pit- head whea the rope gave way. The whole of the occupants were killed, the bodies being smashed into fragments. A father and two sons in one family and a father and son in another were amongst the victims. 31 . — The negotiations between Lord Salis- bury and Lord Hartington resulted in the decision of the latter not to enter the Cabinet at that time ; whereupon a similar offer was made to Mr. Goschen. — Fire at the annual fair held in the People’s Park at Madras ; nearly three hundred lives lost. 1887. January 1 . — To-day a new series of stamps, available for postal, telegraph, and revenue purposes issued. No change was made on the current penny stamps. The new series, consisting of |d., i^d., 2d., 2fd., 3d., 4d. , 5d., 6d., 9d., and is. stamps, was artistically designed in effective colours. — Mr. T. D. Sullivan, M.P., re-installed for another year as Lord Mayor of Dublin, and Mr. Sexton, M.P., invested with the chain of office as High Sheriff. In accepting the position Mr. Sexton said that formerly the High Sheriff had been ail agent of the Brith h Government ; he was now the repre- sentative of the ambition of the Irish race, and of the will, the opinion, and deter- mination of the people. Men were suffering the stigma of crime and the loss of liberty through juries packed by a High Sheriff who had disgracefully violated the law, and he warned the Government that if any such de- mand should be made on him they would receive an exceedingly short answer. He ventured to prophesy that the next warrant he received from Dublin Castle would be one instructing him to hold an election for members of the Irish House of Commons. — Fire in Wood Street, Cheapside, de- stroying the premises of many business firms in that and adjacent thoroughfares. — Died, aged 65, Thomas Moore, F.L. S., Curator of the Botanic Gardens of the Society of Apothecaries. — Died at Fancourt, Chertsey, aged 84, Sir Walter Watson Hughes, “Father” of the University of Adelaide. 2 . — The church of St. John the Evangelist, Sheffield, which cost ;£i5,ooo to build, burned. JANUARY 1 887 JANUARY 2. — A terrific gas explosion at Portsmouth casts down a portion of the Cambridge Bar- racks, four soldiers being killed anti many injured. 3 . — Reconstruction of the Cabinet an- nounced to-day, Lord Salisbury combining the offices of Prime Minister and Foreign Secre- tary, while Mr. Goschen, professing Liberal Unionist views, accepted the Chancellorship of the Exchequer, with the entire approval of Lord Hartington. For other office-holders see list of Ministers. — Died at New York, aged 84, Dr. Horatio Totter, Protestant Bishop of that city. — Died, the Princess Mary of Wurtemberg, sister of the King. 4 . — Twelve passengers killed in a collision on the Baltimore and Ohio Railway, while ten others were afterwards burnt to death. 5 . — At Osborne Her Majesty decorated with the distinguished service medal several non-commissioned officers and privates who had taken part in the last Soudan campaign. — The freedom of the city of Liverpool con- ferred on Sir Andrew Clarke, Inspector-Gene- ral of Fortifications, for eminent services in connection with the Vyrnwy Waterworks, and for which he had declined all remuneration. — The inquiry into the charge of conspiracy against Messrs. John Dillon, W. O’Brien, W. Redmond, M. Harris, D. Crilly. and D. Sheehy concluded in the Dublin Police Court. Evidence was given by County - Inspector O’Brien, who arrested Mr. Dillon and his colleagues at Loughrea on the 16th Decem- ber. On behalf of the accused, Mr. O’Riordan applied for summonses to compel the attendance of Sir M. Hicks-Beach, General Buller, the Attorney-General, Colonel Turner, and County Inspector Moriarty, in order to show that they, as well as the defendants, were engaged in an open combination to induce tenants to pay and landlords to accept a fair and reasonable rent. The application was granted. Sentences of considerable severity were passed at Sligo on the thirty-six prisoners convicted of ob- structing the sub-sheriff of Co. Galway during the Woodford eviction riots. Chief Baron Palles, before passing sentence, sharply censured the resident magistrates and county inspectors for their inaction in allowing the law to be set openly at defiance for an hour in the presence of a strong force of constabulary. Though they might have been actuated by the best motives, their conduct in his opinion constituted an indictable offence. — Died, aged 56, Col. Sir Francis John Bolton, inventor of telegraphic and visual signalling. — Died at Bath, aged 61, Major-General G. A. Renny, who during his Indian experi- ences signalized himstli by bravery at the siege of Delhi. 6 . — Pope Leo accepts the report of the Con- gregation of Rites recommending for beatifica- tion the names of Sir Thomas More, Bishop Fisher, and fifty-six other Englishmen who had suffered for their faith in the Tudor period. — Mr. W. Black, novelist, awarded £100 and costs as damages for a libel published in Bow Bells , of which Mr. John Dicks, news- paper and general periodical proprietor, Strand, was publisher and printer. 7 . — -The Dublin Police Court was crowded to-day on the resumption of the inquiry into the charges against Mr. Dillon and his col- leagues, in consequence of the appearance of Sir M. Hicks-Beach, Sir Redvers Buller, and the Attorney-General, who had been cited by counsel for the traversers. Mr. O’Riordan contended that no case of conspiracy had been made out, and that therefore the summonses should be dismissed. The presiding magis- trate declared that the Court of Queen’s Bench had pronounced an opinion that the “Plan of Campaign ” was an illegal conspiracy, and he did not intend to set up his own opinion against that finding. Sir Redvers Buller was examined at considerable length respecting his administration in Kerry and Clare, and the condition of the tenantry. A number of questions were objected to, and several were disallowed. Sir Redvers volunteered a state- ment, but it was ruled inadmissible. The evidence given was not of the sensational description apparently expected. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach was examined in reference to his Bristol speech, but he declined to add to the statements he had made, which he con- sidered perfectly intelligible as they stood. Questioned as to the steps taken by the Go- vernment before ordering the prosecution of the Campaigners, Sir Michael replied that he was being interrogated in his character of Chief Secretary, and declined to answer. — At a general meeting of the Royal Aca- demy Mr. Marcus Stone, A.R.A., is elected full academician, and Mr. Alfred Gilbert, sculptor, an associate. — New census returns show France to have a population of 38,218,903, as compared with 37,672,048 in 1881. The people had increased in fifty-eight Departments, and diminished in twenty-nine ; largest augmentation in Paris. 9 , — Destructive fire in the Alcanzar of Toledo, the library with most part of the old palace being consumed. — Died, aged 75, William Ballantyne, Serjeant-at-Law. 10. — Sir Henry Holland appointed Secre- tary for the Colonies in room of Hon. E. Stanhope, transferred to the War Office. — Exciting scenes take place at Roslea, County Fermanagh, where the Nationalist meeting had been proclaimed, but there was I no serious disorder. Mr. Dillon, M.P., 1587 JANUAR Y JANUAR Y 1 887 arrived in the village, and a crowd assembled in front of his hotel, but were dispersed by the police. Mr. Dillon raised an action for ^2,000 damages against Inspectors O’Brien and Davis for assault, and for ^1,000 for seizure and de- tention of moneys, books, and documents. This case arose out of the arrests at Loughrea. 10. — Died at Garnavilla, Cahir, Tipperary, Major-General P. A. Buller, C.B., an officer in Scinde under Napier, and also throughout the Russian War, 11 . — Mr. John Morley, presiding at St. James’s Hall, London, over a meeting to es- tablish the London Liberal and Radical Union, said that the state of the political representation of the Metropolis was so disastrously incon- venient to the Liberal party that it necessitated a good, stout, dead-lift effort to bring London into line with the rest of the country. London had many pressing and important questions to meet, and she suffered like other parts of the kingdom from delayed legislation. She wanted reforms in the land system, in the leasehold system, and in the abused ^endowments. Having sketched the objects of the new organization, he observed they were told when the Dartford programme was launched Liberalism and Radicalism were snuffed out, but it seemed something else was snuffed out. The Government had got rid of their most active young man, and hustled out of office their best and most faithful old friend. Attempts were being made to bring the divisions in the Liberal party to an end, but, whatever came of these, the Liberal party from Scotland to Cornwall had made up its mind to stand by its leader, and would not for any party exigencies whatever snap asunder the golden thread of amity and goodwill that bound the unfortunate people of Ireland to the strong, generous, and just people of England. — Final examination before the police magistrate of Mr. Dillon and five other Nationalist leaders for conspiracy takes place in Dublin. Mr. Sullivan addressed the Bench on behalf of Mr. Crilly and Mr. Redmond, and handed in a copy of Mr. Parnell’s Land Bill. He submitted that the prosecutions were instituted purely for political objects, and that if defendants had infringed the law the prose- cutors had also done so. Mr. Hart replied for the Crown. The magistrate said he had no option but to commit defendants for trial. Defendants then entered into recognizances of ^500 each to appear. — In the discussion of the German Army Bill in the Reichstag important speeches are made by Count von Moltke and Prince Bis- marck. The former declared that the work Germany had before her was the preservation of peace, but to secure peace she must be pre- pared for war, and if the bill were rejected war would most certainly follow. Prince Bismarck took a somewhat similar line of 1588 argument. The relations of Germany with all the Powers were good. With respect to Russia, he remarked that nothing would induce the Government to become an enemy of Russia for the sake of Bulgaria. If the bill were rejected an appeal would be made to the nation. 11 , — James Nicolson, thought to be the last survivor of those rescued by Grace Darling from the Forfarshire , buried in Whitburn cemetery, Linlithgowshire. 12. — Painfully sudden death of Lord Iddes- leigh. His lordship had just left the Foreign Office, after bidding a cordial official fare- well to Sir James Fergusson and reached Lord Salisbury’s official residence in Down- ing Street. As he ascended the stairs he was noticed to be breathing hard, and the moment he entered the ante-room, while the messenger was announcing him to Lord Salis- bury, who was standing in his room waiting to receive him, the Earl sank down into a chair with a groan. On Mr. Henry Manners, Lord Salisbury’s private secretary, attempting tQ lift him, he found he had fainted. He was placed on a sofa and doctors immediately sent for, but as soon as they arrived the case was pronounced hopeless, and the noble Earl died twenty minutes after being seized with the attack. Dr. Mortimer Granville, his regular medical attendant, stated that his lordship fmd for many years suffered from a cardiac affection, which, while not placing his life in immediate peril, rendered the prospect of a somewhat sudden termination only too possible. The cause of death was officially stated to be syn- cope. As the news gradually became known in the political clubs the excitement was intense, and expressions of grief at the un- toward event were heard on every hand. The sad intelligence was at once telegraphed to the Queen at Osborne and to Mr. Gladstone at Hawarden, and communicated to the Lord Mayor at the Mansion House, where a meeting was being held in promotion of the Imperial Institute, at which the noble Earl had promised to speak. The political occurrences of the last fortnight were believed to have greatly dis- turbed the equanimity of the deceased peer. His lordship was staying with Earl Fortescue in Belgrave Square, and at dinner on the loth and breakfast yesterday morning seemed in good health and spirits. After break- fast, despatch boxes having arrived from the Foreign Office, he attended to official busi- ness, The only persons with his Lordship when he breathed his last were Dr. Charles Hibbert, Dr, Thomas Langstone, Lord Salis- bury, and Mr. Henry Manners. Messengers had been sent to the War Office for Mr. H. S. Northcote, the late peei'’s second son, but before Mr, Northcote reached Downing Street his father was dead. The news spread through- out London and the rest of the country with great rapidity. Everywhere profound conster- JANUAR Y 1 88; JANUAR Y ration and regret prevailed. About six o’clock the body of the late earl was placed in a shell and removed in a hearse from Downing Street to the late earl’s residence in St. James’s Place, where it rested in one of the reception- rooms. Lord Iddesleigh (Sir Stafford North- cote) was born 1818 ; M.P. for North Devon, Chancellor of the Exchequer 1874-80, and Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1885-87. 12 . — Influential meeting at St. James’s Palace in furtherance of the objects of the Imperial Institute as a national memorial of the Queen’s jubilee. The Prince of Wales presided, and Prince Albert Victor was also present. In opening the proceedings, the Prince referred to the success of the four Exhibitions held at South Kensington in the past few years, and enlarged on the importance of doing every- thing possible to advance the knowledge and practical skill of the productive classes of the empire. With this view, the Imperial Institute would be a place of study and resort for pro- ducers and consumers from the Colonies and India. Earl Spencer moved a resolution in favour of the foundation of the Imperial Institute as a national memorial of the Queen’s jubilee. The Lord Provost of Edinburgh seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously. — The Lord Mayor presided at a similar meeting at the Mansion House, at the close of which subscriptions to the amount of ^10,500 were intimated. 13 . — Final report of the Royal Commission on the Depression of Trade and Industry, dated 21st December last, issued to-day. There was a majority report, a minority report, and several separate reports or addi- tions by individual members of the Commis- sion. They attributed the depression to long- continued over-production, the operation of the Limited Liability A cts, foreign competition, particularly in the case of Germany, and the fraudulent marking of goods. They said that the great object to be aimed at was the cheapening of the cost of production, so far as it could be done consistently with the main- tenance of sound quality and good workman- ship, in the competition for business which had become so intense during the last few years. — Mr. H. M. Stanley, the African ex- plorer, presented with the freedom of the City of London, in recognition of his services in opening up African commerce. He was subse- quently entertained to luncheon by the Lord Mayor at the Mansion House, and in acknow- ledging the toast of his health, said that the way he had chosen to take for the relief of Emin Pasha was by the Congo. The passage might be forced by other routes, but after the caravan had passed the route would be closed. From the Congo side the route to Emin Pasha was permanently open. 14 . — Meeting of the “ Round Table Con- ference ” at the residence of Sir William Harcourt. This was an attempt to reconcile the two parties into which the Liberals had split on the late election, but after several meetings the conference broke up without arriving at any agreement. — In the German Reichstag, when the vote was taken upon the amendment of Dr. Von Stauffenberg to grant the effective force demanded by the Government for a period of three years, instead of seven years, the period fixed by the Government, the amendment was carried by 186 to 154 votes. After the an- nouncement of the division Prince Bismarck read an Imperial message dissolving the Reichstag. In the afternoon an Imperial decree was issued fixing February 21 as the date of the general election. — Upper Table Rock on the Canadian bank of Niagara River falls with a great crash. — Died at Shrubland, near Ipswich, aged 74, Admiral Sir George Middleton, C.B., a survivor of Navarino. — Died at Florence, aged 84, Admiral Sir Henry Smith, K.C.B., chief officer in com- mand at the capture of Aden. 15 . — Father M ‘Glynn inhibited and de- prived by his diocesan, Archbishop Corrigan of New York, for having taken part in Henry George's labour movement. The reverend father disregarded a summons to Rome. 18 . — 'Funeral of Lord Iddesleigh. The road from the mansion at Pynes to Upton Pyne village, where the interment took place, was lined by Volunteers, and at the churchyard the staffs of the Devonshire Regiment and the Devonshire Militia acted as a guard of honour. Lady Iddesleigh was able to attend with her family. Country people from all sides flocked to witness the procession and the interment. The burial service was conducted by the Rev. Mr. Coleridge, of Cadbury, the Rev. Mr. Pelham, of Lambeth, and the Bishop of Exeter. After a portion of the service had been read in the church, the coffin was borne out to the churchyard, and deposited in a new vault which the deceased earl had con- structed when his son Louis died some years ago. This vault was thickly lined with wreaths sent by sorrowing friends, so that it resembled a bower of flowers rather than a sepulchre. Lady Iddesleigh, though very weak from her recent illness and sorrow, bore herself through- out with great fortitude. The Queen, the Prince and Princess of Wales, Prince and Princess Henry of Battenberg, Prince and Princess Christian were amongst those who sent wreaths. The King of the Belgians and the Sultan sent letters of condolence. Con- currently with the funeral ceremony at Upton Pynes a solemn service was held at West- minster Abbey as a last mark of respect to the deceased earl. 1589 JANUARY 887 JANUARY 18 . — Mr. Goschen, in support of his candi- dature for the Exchange Division of Liverpool, addresses a crowded meeting in Hengler’s Circus. In the course of a long speech, he said the position in Ireland was not rendered less difficult by the events of the last few months, but the efforts of the Unionist party and the Government would still be directed to the maintenance of law and order, and, above all things, the union of Great Britain and Ireland. He spoke of the necessity of keeping a firm hand on the expenditure of the country, but pointed out that if the nation insisted upon certain things as necessary, it would be foolish to refuse to pay the cost. The Go- vernment were prepared for any obstruction which they might meet with, and he had little doubt they would be able to produce measures of worthy proportions suited to the require- ments of the day, and that at the end of their term of office they would have on the statute- book many measures which would deserve and receive the respect of all classes of politicians. — At a meeting of the council of the University College, Liverpool, Mr. Rath- bone, M.P., who presided, announced that Mr. Thomas Harrison, who had already given £1,000 towards endowing the chair of Mathe- matics, and £500 to the fund by which the college was enabled to join the Victoria Uni- versity, had given a further sum of £To,ooo to endow a chair of Engineering. Mr. Geo. Holt also sent a donation of £T,ooo to the College library, and J500 to the Sustentation Fund. Further donations were also announced from Lord Derby and others. — Seventeen lives lost in a panic caused by a false alarm of fire at the Hebrew Dramatic Club, Spitalfields. — Died at Perth, aged 72, the Right Rev. George Rigg, D.D., Roman Catholic Bishop of Dunkeld. 20. — The emigrant ship Kapunda , from London for Freemantle, ran into and sunk the Ada Mclmore , from Coquimbo to England, which also foundered. 298 lives were lost. (See April 9th.) - — The Hon. Mrs. Allister Campbell thrown from her horse while hunting with the Duke of Beaufort’s hounds near Chippendale, and received severe injuries. — Lord Gifford, formerly one of the judges of the Court of Session, died at his residence, Granton House, Granton, Edin- burgh. Deceased was born in Edinburgh in 1820, and at an early age entered the legal profession, in which he rapidly rose. In 1861 he was appointed Advocate-Depute, and in this capacity conducted the prosecution in Glasgow of Jessie M ‘Lachlan for murder. He was raised to the Bench in 1870, and in 1881 he resigned this position, having been seized with paralysis, which left him for the remainder of his life a confirmed invalid. 1590 20. — Died, aged 42, Captain William Gardiner, inventor of the Gardiner Gun. 21 . — Mr. II. M. Stanley’s departure from London to-night for Alexandria on his ex- pedition for the relief of Emin Pasha was witnessed by a large crowd, who raised loud cheers as the train left. It was understood that Mr. Stanley gave himself eighteen months to reach and return with Emin. — Died at St. Leonards, aged 65, Henry E. C. Scudamore-Stanhope, ninth Earl of Chesterfield. — Died, aged 35, Alfred Newman, a high authority on Anglo-Jewish antiquities. 22. — Great Unionist demonstration at Hawick, the principal speakers being Mr. Chamberlain and Sir George Trevelyan. Sir George was presented with an oil portrait of himself, painted by Mr. Frank Holl and sub- scribed for by Sir George’s friends and sup- porters at last election. Lady Trevelyan was presented with two rings. Sir George, in reply, referred to the main political events in which he had taken part since his first political connection with the Border Burghs. The past however was over, the present never more exciting, and the future never more critical. The most regrettable fact was the condition of the Liberal party. It was quite idle to deny a state of disunion existing. There was no pro- spect of this state of things mending unless they could make up their differences. The dissentients could not give up conscience and honour in order to get back what they had given, but every true Liberal must wish for a reunion of the party, although Mr. Goschen, whose change across the floor of the House had been made with the greatest propriety, had tried to throw cold water on the “ Round Table ” Conference, the object of which was to discuss a remedy for the evils in Ireland, and to endeavour to find means for its efficient and safe application. — In the Court of Session, before Lord Trayner, divorce was granted in an action raised by the Marchioness of Queensberry. The proceedings lasted about a quarter of an hour. — Ruddygore, 0 r the Witch's Curse , the new opera by Mr. Gilbert and Sir Arthur Sullivan, produced before a brilliant audience at the Savoy Theatre, and was, like its prede- cessors, a splendid success. — Died, aged 83, Sir Joseph Whitworth, F. R. S., engineer, one of the highest autho- rities in gunnery and projectiles. 23 . — Died, aged 68, William Campbell Sleigh, Serjeant-at-Law and leading counsel for the Bank of England. 24 . — The Marquis of Ripon attends the annual reunion of Roman Catholics in Bir- mingham to-night. In an address on the JANUARY 1887 FEBRUAR Y position of the Church of Rome in India his lordship said that the great proportion of native and European Christians in that country belonged to the Catholic Church, and he was certain that the arrangements made by the Pope for the establishment upon a regular footing of the hierarchy there would be of great advantage to the Church. He also referred to the educational work being carried on, particularly in Calcutta and Bombay, by Roman Catholic missionaries. £ 4 -. — Died at Margate, Mrs. Richard Jesse, sister of Lord Tennyson, and fiancee to Arthur IT. Hallam, of “ In Memoriam ” fame. 25 . — Report of the Belfast Riots Commis- sion issued. The report stated that although there were faults and retaliation on both sides the riots from the 8th of June to the 19th September were chiefly the work of the Pro- testant mob, and the comparative good conduct of the Catholics was due to the zealous exer- tions of their bishop and clergy. The weak- ness of parleying with and yielding to the mob on the 9th June was the cause of much evil, and the prolonged continuance of the dis- turbances was attributable to the extraordinary belief that the late Government were packing Belfast with Catholic policemen, who were to shoot down the Protestants. The Commission regret that certain influential persons had used language, written and spoken, calculated to maintain the excitement, and called special attention to a letter by Mr. De Cobain, M.P. The charges of cruelty against the police were declared to be without foundation, while the Commissioners stated that nothing occurred during the riots to impair the reputation of the constabulary for courage, discipline, and humanity. The report concluded with a series of important recommendations respecting police arrangements, duties of magistrates, and compensation for injuries. Commander M’Hardy dissented from the findings of the other Commissioners, and presented a sepa- rate report. The issue of the official report led to a renewal of the rioting. 26 . — In the contest for the representation of the Exchange division of Liverpool, Mr. Goschen, Chancellor of the Exchequer, who stood as a Unionist Liberal, was defeated by Mr. R. Neville, Gladstonian Liberal, by a majority of 7 votes, the numbers being 3,217 and 3,210. — The United States Senate rejects a pro- posal for female suffrage by 34 to 16 votes. 27 . — Parliament opened by Commission. Regarding Ireland the Royal Speech made mention that the relations between owners and occupiers of land in Ireland had since the autumn been seriously disturbed in some dis- tricts by organised attempts to incite the latter class to combine against the fulfilment of their legal obligations. The efforts of the Govern- ment to cope with this evil had been seriously impeded by difficulties incident to the method at present prescribed by statute for dealing with such offences, and the early attention of Parliament would be called to reforms neces- sary to secure the prompt and efficient ad- ministration of the criminal law. Bills for the improvement of local government in England and Scotland were promised, and possibly a measure dealing with the same subject in Ireland. In the House of Lords the Address to the Queen’s Speech was moved by the Earl of Erne, seconded by Viscount Torrington, and in the Commons by Lord Weymouth and Mr. G. W. Balfour. Lord Randolph Churchill said he had the Queen’s permission to announce the facts connected with the resignation of his office of Chancellor of the Exchequer. He resigned because he was unable to acquiesce in the estimates for the support of the army and navy in the coming year. There were other matters on which he had the misfortune to differ with Lord Salis- bury — matters perfectly capable of accommo- dation — but he was pledged to retrenchment and economy, and was convinced, from his experience, that such a policy could be carried out, and therefore he could not retain his place in a Government in which effective retrench- ment found no prominent place. Mr. W. H. Smith, in replying to Lord Randolph’s ex- planations, stated that if the noble lord could put his finger on any extravagance or unneces- sary expenditure the Government would most cordially afford every information on the sub- ject. Mr. Smith afterwards adverted in feeling terms to the death of Lord Iddesleigh, and Mr. Gladstone followed with a hearty eulogy. 28 . — Earl Granville unveils the national memorial to Professor Fawcett erected in the Baptistry, Westminster. The memorial (the work of Mr. Alf. Gilbert) cost £1,000, the remaining money collected being devoted to educational purposes. 29 . — The Weymouth and Channel Islands Company’s steamer Brighton wrecked on the north-east coast of Guernsey. Passengers and crew saved ; mails and baggage lost. 30 . — Died at Albany Street, London / aged 71, Frederick Lablache, son of the famous singer of that name, and himself a popular singer in Italian Opera. February 1. — Mr. Justice Kekewich gives judgment for the defendant in the case of Allcard v. Skinner. The former, during her membership of a Church of England sisterhood, had given £ 6,000 to promote its work, but on joining the Church of Rome she desired to be reimbursed the amount. — The King of the Belgians, from his Palace at Brussels, carried on a long conversation by telephone with M. Grevy at the Elysee in Paris, and in the evening the Queen of the Belgians “assisted” by telephone over an entire act of Gounod’s Faust , performed at the Paris Opera. 1591 FEBRUARY 887 FEBRUARY 1 . — Died, aged 52, Colonel Sir John Bate- man Champain, K.C.M.G., Director of Indo- European Telegraph Department. 2. — Lord Hartington, speaking at New- castle to-night, said that the duty of Liberal Unionists was to continue their sacrifices for the object of maintaining the legislative union between Great Britain and Ireland as long as necessary. There was at present a virtual coalition between the Conservative party and the Liberal Unionist party in the House of Commons without a coalition in the Govern- ment. He thought it was better that there should be this independent support, but he quite approved of the reasons which induced Mr. Goschen to join the Government. He did not admit that the great body of the Liberal party were irretrievably committed to the policy of the late Government, but he believed the more the policy was discussed the more doubt Would be cast upon it. — Conference at Fishmongers’ Hall, under the presidency of Sir E. Birkbeck, to discuss the fish supply of the metropolis, and other questions : connected with fisheries. — Serious panic, chiefly affecting Italian, Russian, and French stocks, spread over all the European exchanges. — Died at Monte Carlo, Adolphus War- burton Moore, C.B., Political and Secret Secretary at the India Office. 3 . Lord Napier of Magdala formally in- stalled as Constable of the Tower, in the pre- sence of the Lord Mayor and 5 Sheriffs, the Lord Chamberlain acting for the Queen. — The prospectus of Messrs. Allsopp and Son, transformed into a limited liability com- pany, issued by the London and Westminster Bank ; the capital being Ordinary,’ 6 per cent., Preference and Debenture Stock in equal pro- proportions, making a total of ^3,300,000. The eagerness to obtain prospectuses Was as great as on the occasion of the issue of fhaf of Messrs. Guinness’. The subscription amounted to over ^100,000,000, or about forty times the capital required for the new company. — Mr. II. M. Stanley leaves Cairo for Zanzibar with sixty, one Soudanese volunteers for the relief of Emin Pasha. The whole ex- pedition sailed from Zanzibar for the Congo on the 25th February. 4 . Service at Lambeth Palace to comme- morate the 100th anniversary of the consecra- tion of the first American Bishops, — Died, aged 66, General William Edward Mulcaster ; served under General Pollock at the forcing of the Khyber Pass* and subse- quently in the Punjaub campaigns, 5 . Terrible railway accident to the Boston and Montreal express near White River Junc- 1 59 2 tion. As the train was nearing a bridge a rail broke and two carriages and two sleeping cars, containing about eighty passengers, were hurled from the bridge and fell, with the masonry of the structure, into the ice-covered river fifty feet below. The cars caught fire in the fall and many of the passengers were burned to death. It was estimated that forty escaped, but most of them were seriously injured. 5 . — First performance of Verdi’s new Opera, Otello , takes place at Milan, and is made the occasion of an ovation to the composer, who was present. All the leading opera- houses, conservatories, and musical bodies of Europe sent representatives. — Died at Cairo, on his way home from the East, aged 47, Sir Charles Macgregor, K.C.B., &c., a well-known Indian soldier, administrator, and traveller. 7 . — In the House of Commons the Post- master-General stated that the American mail contracts were now settled, arrangements having been made with the Cunard and Oceanic Companies for the conveyance of the mails from Queenstown to New York by their fast ships all the year round. The price to be paid was 3s. per lb. for letters, and 3d. per lb. for newspapers, as compared with 4s. for letters and 4d. for newspapers under the old contract. The despatch of mails for con- veyance by the contract packets was to take place every Wednesday and Saturday night, and in addition to those two regular de- spatches the Post Office was to send mails by other fast steamers either from Queenstown or Southampton. This plan would practically give four mails per week — every Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday — besides the occasional chance of sending by such fast steamers as the Arizona , the Alaska, and the City of Rome in the case of specified letters. — Mr. Parnell resumed the debate on the Address, and moved an amendment declaring “That the remedy for the existing crisis in Irish agrarian affairs is not to be found in increased stringency of criminal procedure, or in the pursuit of such novel, doubtful, and unconstitutional measures as have recently been taken by her Majesty’s Government in Ireland, but in such a reform of the law and the system of Government as will satisfy the needs and secure the confidence of the Irish people.” He blamed the Government for rejecting his Tenants’ Relief Bill last session, and stated that if coercion were again tried it would be found to fail as it had done be- fore. He urged that the Government, by their pressure upon the landlords, had aimed by a different method at the same end as was sought by the authors of the “ Plan of Cam- paign,” and he warned the Cabinet that only the granting to Ireland of the right to manage its own affairs would make the country peace- ful and contented. Mr. Peter MacDonald FEBRUARY 887 FEBRUARY seconded the amendment. The Attorney- General defended the Government, and said that even reminders of attempts to assassinate members of their own body would not pre- vent the Government from making such pro- posals as they thought necessary for the amendment of the law. 7 . — Died, at his residence, Ileriot Row, Edinburgh, aged 83, Sir George Deas, who at his retiral in 1885 had been a judge of ihe Court of Session fot thlrtyHwo years. — T ied, aged 49, Professor Carl Schroder, founder of the Hospital of Women at Berlin. — Died, aged 79> Dr. John Watts, of Manchester, educationist. 8. — Mr. John Morley resumed the debate on Mr. Parnell’s amendment to the Address. He said he would support that amendment because he believed there was no remedy for the existing condition of affairs in Ireland except such a reform in Irish government as would win and secure the confidence of the Irish people. The Government, he said, had no grasp of the situation, no clue to its diffi- culties, and they had not shown a single example of firm and resolute government. He maintained that Lord Hartington’s theory of emigration and migration had already been proved unworkable, and that no scheme of land purchase would ever answer, for the tenants, as Lord Ashbourne’s Act had shown, would not avail themselves of it even when the most profusely liberal terms were offered to them. — The Lord Mayor of London receives at the Mansion House an influential deputation from the Irish Defence Union in aid of persons suffering from illegal coercion in Ireland. A letter was read from Sir Michael Hicks-Beach that the Defence Union on more than one occa- sion had rendered invaluable service in main- taining the just rights of property and the liberty of individuals against organised intimi- dation. The Duke of Abercorn, who introduced the deputation, said the Defence Union had great difficulties to contend with, and they therefore appealed for help from the public through the Lord Mayor. The Lord Mayor, in replying to the representations of the deputation, said he had been appealed to upon a principle which could hot be perverted or construed into anything approaching, to party politics. The individuals on behalf of whom the deputation had Spoken, and who were subjected to the tyrannies which had been described, deserved the utmost support- He should be glad to recommend their cause to the citizens of London and to the whole of the English people, irrespective of creed and party, and to contribute his own mite. — Serious rioting at Blantyre, Lanarkshire, among the miners on strike. A mass meeting of the miners of the county was held at Hamilton, and the Blantyre contingent on their return home in the afternoon broke into a number of provision shops, which they com- pletely sacked. The local police were utterly powerless to cope with the rioters, who numbered about 1000, and it was not until the arrival of reinforcements from Hamilton that any check could be put on the conduct of the miners. Next morning a renewal of the disturbances took place, but a large force of police were successful in restoring order about noon. The strike terminated a few days later on, the masters conceding an advance. 8. — Died, aged 66, Mr. Peter Rylands, M.P. for Burnley. 9. — Mr. Goschen returned for St. George’s, Hanover Square, by a majority of 4157 over his opponent Mr. Haysman, Gladstonian Liberal, the numbers being 5702 and 1545. — The Earl of Dunraven resigns his office of Under Secretary for the Colonies, and is succeeded by the Earl of Onslow. — During a concert at the Grand Opera House, San Francisco, a bomb introduced into the building by a man supposed to be insane explodes without doing injury to any but its possessor. It was suggested that his object was to injure or kill Madame Adelina Patti, who was singing at the time. He was subsequently charged with this offence and convicted. — At the Dublin Commission to-day, Mr. Justice Murphy addressed the Grand Jury with reference to the charges brought against Messrs. Dillcn, O’Brien, W. Redmond, Sheehy, and Crilly. The bill contained 11 counts, all varying. The jury pronounced a true bill on all the counts with the exception of the fifth count, the result being that there was no bill. This count charged the defendants with soliciting tenants to compel owners to accept less than the lawful rents. Jury dis- charged. 10. — 111 the Commons, Lord Hartington justifies the rejection of Mr. Parnell’s Bill, and defended his position that one of the remedies for the present state of matters in Ireland was voluntary emigration. Referring to the Plan of Campaign, he said it ought to be condemned, because if its legality was admitted it seemed calculated to do far more harm on a very large scale than it could do good on a small scale. If it Were legal there was an end to the legal relations between tenant and landlord, and the Plan was an invitation to internecine war be- tween them. He was not averse to reforms which would secure the confidence of the Irish people, but he Would not vote for a vague resolution which held it to be the only object of the House to secure their confidence irre- spective of what was due to the rest of the United Kingdom 1593 FEBRUARY 1 887 FEBRUARY IO. — Announcement made that the late Lord Gifford had bequeathed ,£80,000 to the Scot- tish Universities to found lectureships on Natural Theology. Of this sum ,£25,000 fell to the University of Edinburgh, ,£20,000 each to the Universities of Glasgow and Aberdeen, and ,£15,000 to the University of St. Andrews. The total amount of property disposed of under the will was between ,£180,000 and ,£190,000. — The trial of the most powerful piece of ordnance ever fired in this country takes place at Woolwich. The great gun, which measured nearly 44 feet and weighed close on III tons, was loaded with 600 lbs. of powder and a conical cylinder shot weighing 1800 lbs. It stood the test exceedingly well. — Died at Carlton, Maynooth, aged 68, Charles William Fitzgerald, fourth Duke of Leinster, Premier Duke, Marquis, and Earl of Ireland. He sat for Kildare in the House of Commons from 1847 to 1852, and was called to the House of Lords as Baron Kildare (peer- age of the United Kingdom) in 1870. He married in 1847 Lady Caroline Sutherland Leveson-Gower, daughter of the second Duke of Sutherland. The Duke is succeeded by his eldest son, the Marquis of Kildare, who was born in 1851. — Died in London, aged 67, Mrs. Henry Wood (Miss Price), conductor of the “Argosy ” magazine, authoress of “ Danesbury House,” “ East Lynne,” “ Johnny Ludlow,” and about thirty other popular novels. 11. — In the Commons, after speeches from Mr. Sexton, Mr. Matthews, Sir W. Harcourt, and Sir M. Ilicks-Beach, the House divided on Mr. Parnell's amendment, which was rejected by 352 votes to 246. — Died Professor Laurent, Belgian his- torian. 12. —The Northampton Opera House, erected in 1874 at a cost of ,£12,000, almost totally destroyed by a fire originating in the heating flues. There was no performance going on at the time. — The Albany Memorial Church at Cannes consecrated in presence of the Prince of Wales. — Died, aged 76, Prince Louis Napoleon, Due de Wagram. ■ — Died at Leeds, aged 88, Edward Byrne, said to be the oldest known Waterloo pen- sioner. 13 . — Died Count Ochenio Lichnovsky, Grand Prior of the Knights of Malta. 14 . — In the Commons, the debate on the Address was resumed by Dr. Cameron, who called attention to recent events in Skye and Tiree and the general administration of justice in the Highlands, and urged that the state of affairs demanded a full inquiry. Dr. Mac- donald seconded the motion, which was sup- 1594 ported by Mr. Angus Sutherland. In the course of the debate Mr. Biggar moved a count, but over forty members put in an appear- ance. Mr. Mahoney, complaining that the Government had given utterance to no expres- sion of sympathy, and had treated the Scotch members in a most discreditable manner, moved the adjournment of the debate. Mr. W. H. Smith and Mr. A. J. Balfour explained that the Lord- Advocate was only awaiting a suitable opportunity to reply, and appealed to the hon. gentleman to withdraw his motion, which however was pressed to a division, and ne- gatived by 1 1 2 to 87 votes. The Lord- Advocate afterwards replied on behalf of the Government, defending the course taken by the authorities in Scotland in regard to the course pursued in the tiial of the Skye and Tiree crofters, contending that the facts of the cases had been greatly exaggerated, and declining to inquire further into them or into the administration of justice in Scotland. Dr. Cameron’s amendment was rejected next day by 253 to 136 votes. 14 . — Committee appointed to inquire into the alleged supply of defective cutlasses and bayonets to the army and navy. — The Common Council of London agree to contribute ,£5000 to the Imperial Institute. — By a fire which broke out this morning on the premises of a fire-wood dealer in Wel- lington Road, Battersea, and which burned till next day, damage was done to the extent of ,£15,000, and about 300 persons thrown out of employment. — Died, aged 36, Philip Bourke Marston, son of the well-known dramatic author West- land Marston, LL.D., and himself a writer of poems and various other contributions to periodical literature. 15 . — Thomas Currell, charged with the murder of his sweetheart, Lydia Green, at Iloxton, after having enjoyed ten days’ practical immunity, gave himself up to the police, ap- pointing by letter the time and place of his surrender. On one occasion he had spent two hours at Scotland Yard among the detectives, who had failed to recognise him from his photograph and printed description. 16 . — The Queen’s Jubilee celebrated with great rejoicings and much display at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, and Mandalay, as well as in the principal native cities. A large number of civil and military prisoners were released, and small debtors imprisoned for sums under ten rupees had their debts paid by the Government. — The Indian Gazette announced the creation of a new Order for literary dis- tinction among the natives of India. — Died, aged 70, Alfred Durling Bartlett, antiquary. FEBRUAR\ 887 FEBRUARY 17. — In the House of Lords the Earl of Dunraven gave at some length an explanation of his resignation as Under-Secretary for the Colonies. He said that, as he had before stated, his resignation had no connection with the colonial policy of the Government. He was not altogether satisfied with the manner in which the Government had dealt with law and order in Ireland, but the principal motive which had influenced him had been economy. He feared that unless the Tory party thoroughly strengthened themselves by means of the great principle of economy the vital principle of union could not be maintained. — - Mr. Gladstone, writing to a Welsh correspondent who sent him a copy of Mr. Bright’s recent letter on the Irish question, says he deeply laments the course the right hon. gentleman has taken with regard to Irish policy. “Yet,” adds Mr. Gladstone, “not only am I sensible as ever of Mr. Bright’s former services, but I was glad to see in his last letter that he felt as deeply as we for the Irish people, whom perhaps after a time he may feel able to trust.” — In the Commons Mr. Pillwyn moved the adjournment of the House, in order to call attention to the alleged jury-packing in the conspiracy trials in Ireland. The Speaker declined to put the motion, on the ground that Mr. Sexton had a notice on the paper referring to the same subject. Mr. W. H. Smith moved for precedence for the New Rules of Procedure, and after several divi- sions the motion was carried. Mr. Dillon resumed the debate on the Address, and, attempting to impeach the Government as to the Dublin conspiracy trials, was ruled out of order by the Speaker. Several amendments were moved, but the Address was eventually carried after the cloture had been twice applied and several divisions taken. — A letter from Archbishop Croke pub- lished, in which he recommended the Irish people to refuse the payment of taxes, as “it was suicide to do so.” — The steamship Great Eastern put up for sale by auction at Liverpool, and “ knocked down ” to Mr. Thomas Brown, London, for ^26,000. About a year ago the vessel was sold for ^16,000. — Died, aged 86, Sir George Strahan, late Governor of Tasmania. 18. — Thirty-nine lives lost by a gas explo- sion in the Crotch colliery, Rhondda Valley. — Accident through H. M.S. Ajax near Greenock, when on her way to Chatham for repairs. While proceeding down the Clyde a shot was fired from one of her six-inch guns on the starboard side, and the projectile, esti- mated to have weighed about 120 lbs., entered the grounds of Ashgrove House, Innellan, I59S occupied by Mr. Paton, sugar refiner, causing considerable damage to property and injuring three persons, 18. — Died, aged 54, Col. George Charles Depree, Surveyor-General of India. 19. — The vacancy at Burnley, caused by the death of Mr. P. Rylands (Unionist), filled by Mr. Slagg (Gladstonian Liberal), who polled 5026 votes, against 4481 given to Mr. Thursby (Conservative). 20. — Died, aged 72, Annie, Viscountess Cardwell. 21. — A meeting of Conservative Peers and members of Parliament held at the Foreign Office this afternoon, to hear a statement from the Prime Minister and to discuss the political outlook. Lord Salisbury presided, and there were 214 members of the House of Commons and 7° peers present. Lord Salisbury, who on rising to open the proceedings was heartily cheered, said he had called them together to say a few words and to hear their views. He deplored the loss sustained by the death of Lord Iddesleigh, and after briefly referring to Mr. Smith’s leadership of the House and the valuable accession of Mr. Goschen, he dwelt on the necessity of dealing unitedly with the rules of procedure, and asked members not to move amendments without a fixed plan, which would only muddle the proposals of the Go- vernment. In regard to Ireland, it was their intention first to pass a measure for the enforce- ment of the law. They had been blamed for not putting down the National League, but the Government at present had not the power. In conclusion, his lordship condemned the action of dignitaries of the Church of Rome engaged in veiled rebellion and in encouraging acts of fraud. — In the Commons Mr. W. H. Smith moves the first of the Procedure Rules, the effect of which he explained to be that instead of placing the complete responsibility on the Speaker of intimating that the discussion should terminate and the question be put, it would, under the rule, rest with an individual member to take that course by obtaining the Speaker’s permission to make that motion to the House. — General election throughout Germany, the result giving a majority for Prince Bis- marck's Septennate Bill ; but proving the enormous and rapid growth of the Socialists in the large towns. In Berlin, out of 220,000 electors, 90,000 supported the. Socialists. The chief losses were sustained by the Liberals. — Died, aged 87, Mrs. E. Hamilton Grey, authoress of “ Sepulchres of Etruria.” — Died, aged 81, Percy Wm. Doyle, C.B., formerly British Minister at Mexico. — Died, aged 80, Sir Chas. E. Douglas, K.C.M.G., formerly M.P. for Warwick ancl Banbury. y v > / v > * FEBRUARY 887 FEBRUARY 22 . — The Board of Trade appoint a com- mittee to inquire into and report on the desirability of electrical communication be- tween light- vessels and the shore with the special object of facilitating the saving of life at sea. lord should be entitled to recover any greater amount of rent in arrears than for two years next before bringing the action. The main- tenance of law and order, which in several parts of the country had been grievously out- raged, was also pressed. — Mr. Goschen entertained to dinner at the St. George’s Club, Hanover Square. — The practical work of the scheme for widening and deepening the river Cart to Paisley, at an estimated cost of ^100,000, was commenced to-day. 23 . — Destructive earthquake in Southern Europe, the central point being on the Italian Riviera, round Porto Maurizio, but extending as far as Lyons on the north, Milan on the east, and Bologna on the south. The shocks were renewed on the following day, and the panic which they caused was indescribable, especially at Nice, Cannes, and the other pleasure resorts, large numbers of the tourists camping out in tents, carriages, &c. ; but the actual damage done to buildings was com- paratively small. At Porto Maurizio, how- ever, the damage was severe ; Diano Marina was completely destroyed. At Bajardo 300 people who had taken refuge in a church were all killed by its falling in. Shocks in a mitigated form were felt at intervals during the four or five following days. In the Italian districts alone the number of persons killed was returned officially at 746, and twice as many injured. 20,000 people were rendered homeless, while the material damage was esti- mated at ^2,000,000. -- Died at Horndean, Hampshire, aged 85, Admiral Sir Michael Seymour, G.C.B., a naval officer of much experience in the Baltic and China Seas ; M.P. for Devonport, 1859-63. 24 -. — The report of the Irish Land Commis- sion, signed by Earl Cowper, Lord Milltown (subject to certain reservations). Sir J. Caird, and Mr. Neligan, laid on the table of the House of Commons. The Commissioners re- commended that the term of revision of judicial rents should be shortened from fifteen to five years, and that in future the average of prices be considered. In revising the judicial rents, they trusted the leaseholders will be admitted to the benefit of the Act of 1881. An earlier revision of the judicial rents than is at present fixed was recommended. From the straitened circumstances of the Irish farmers they recom- mended the admission of certain Town Park holdings to the fair-rent provision of the Land Act under specified conditions, and the modifi- cation of some clauses of the Purchase Act. It was further recommended that all Crown rents and tithe rent charges should be redeemable or apportionable, and it was suggested that the question of family and other charges on land, as now reduced in value, deserved the most careful consideration of the Legislature. Among other suggestions was one that no land- 1596 24 . — Answering Sir E. Birkbeck in the Commons, intimation was made that Govern- ment were willing to adopt the suggestion that a statutory declaration should be accepted from tenant-farmers and others intending to grow tobacco this season instead of sureties in £100 per acre. The House then entered into con- sideration of the Procedure Rules, which pro- vided that a motion for cldture may be made with the previous consent of the chair, and that such a motion can only be carried if sup- ported by more than 200 members, or opposed by less than 40 and supported by more than 100 members. Colonel Nolan moved an amendment excluding the Chairman of Com- mittees. Mr. Smith opposed and Mr. Parnell supported the amendment, which after some discussion was rejected by 204 to 82 votes. Mr. Parnell moved an amendment, which was accepted by the Government, that cldture should only be applicable after a reasonable amount of debate. He next moved that the cldture should not be applicable to any measure for coercion in Ireland. The amendment was resisted by Sir M. Hicks-Beach, and a long discussion followed, in the course of which several Radical members supported Mr. Par- nell. On a division the amendment was negatived by 264 to 155 votes. — In the case of Mr. Dillon and five other defendants committed for trial (see Jan. 5th) for conspiracy, the jury having failed to agree to a verdict, they were discharged. 25 . — The Commons resume the adjourned debate on Mr Parnell’s amendment to the closure resolution to exclude votes in Com- mittee of Supply from the operation of the rule. Answering Mr. Shaw-Lefevre, Mr. W. H. Smith said the Government would consider whether it was possible so to amend the rule as to allow of the discussion of the separate items in a vote in Supply. The House rejected Mr. Parnell’s amendment by 261 votes to 92. Several other amendments proposed by Mr. Parnell and his followers were also defeated by large majorities, and three unsuccessful attempts made to count out the Plouse. — According to a Parliamentary return, the cost of the General Election of 1886 to candi- dates amounted to ^624,086 ; or compared with 2,975,032 votes polled, equalled 4 j. per vote. The least expensive election, that of Mr. Richard Power for Waterford City, cost £10 n.r., of which ^10 was the returning- officer’s fee. — Died, aged 71, Samuel Fox, inventor of paragon umbrella frames. FEBRUARY 1887 MARCH 26 . — Mr. John Morley delivers an interesting address on the study of literature at the Man- sion House, in connection with the society for the extension of university education. — New thoroughfare from Trafalgar Square to Tottenham Court Road — to be known as Charing Cross Road — formally opened by the Duke of Cambridge. — Rumours current that steps were being taken to have Mary Queen of Sots canonised, and that it was expected a definite settlement of the question will be made at Easter. A Roman Catholic church was erected at Linlith- gow in memory of the unfortunate Queen. — Died, aged 66, Eugene Rimmel, the well-known perfumer of London and Paris. 27 . — The Socialists attended afternoon ser- vice at St. Paul’s Cathedral. Intimation of their intention having been conveyed to the Dean and Chapter, a large portion of the nave, &c., was reserved for the representative bodies which arrived from various parts of the city. Beyond occasional interruptions of the sermon preached by Archdeacon Gifford, no disturbance took place. 23 . — Mr. W. H. Smith informed the Com- mons that the Queen had intimated her inten- tion to be present at a thanksgiving service at Westminster Abbey on the 21st June, and the Government proposed to recommend that the day should be observed as a holiday. — A writer in the Standard , Mr. Henry Lake, announced the discovery of a manuscript by Antonio Parvadone, in which the composi- tion of the famous Cremona varnish for violins was explained. The recipe was said to have been brought to Italy from China by monks. — The steamer Patagonia lands at Plymouth the survivors of the emigrant ship Kapunda , and five of the crew of the barque Ada Melmore , which were in collision off the Brazilian coast on the morning of January 28. — Died at Rome, aged 55, Cardinal Ja- cobini. He was made a Cardinal in 1879, and Papal Secretary of State the following year. March 1. — In the Commons to-day Mr. George Howell moved the adjournment of the House in order to call attention to the corrupt expenditure of public money by the Corpora- tion of London for the purpose of preventing the passing of a measure brought forward by the late Government for the better government of London. Mr. Bradlaugh and Mr. Labou- chere declared that they could prove the charges made if a Committee were appointed with proper powers to inquire into the matter. Lord G. Hamilton said the Government would assent, if the Iiou c e wished it, to a full inquiry into the matter, though they did not believe that the allegations were well founded. After a prolonged discussion, in which Mr. Gladstone took part, Mr. Howell, who had prepared a R R 2 resolution remitting the subject for investiga- tion to a Select Committee, withdrew the motion for adjournment so that the leader of the House might have time to consider the course the Government should adopt. On the 3rd, Mr. W. H. Smith informed Mr. Howell that the Government would make no opposi- tion to his motion for a Select Committee to inquire into the charges against the Corpora- tion of London. 1. — In reply to a communication urging that there was now a great opportunity for disesta- blishing the Welsh Church, Mr. Gladstone writes that, from his point of view, no such opportunity exists nor can exist until the Iri h question is settled. If asked why Ireland should occupy the attention of Parliament to the exclusion of other British questions, Mr. Glad- stone says his answer would be that he had no more power to defer the Irish question than he had to defer the recent earthquakes in France and Italy, and that any action towards post- ponement on his part would only add to the confusion and pressure. — The Austrian Delegation referred with- out debate to the Budget Committee a bill authorising a credit of 52,500,000 florins on account of special military expenditure. — Died, aged 84, Sir Walter Elliot, K.C.S.I. — Died, aged 59, George Goldie, eccle- siastical architect. 2. — Died, aged 66, Wm. Shaen, M.A., Solicitor, promoter of the London Working Men’s College. 3 . — During the discussion in the House on the supply vote for the Irish Constabulary, Mr. Diilon attacked the action of the Govern- ment with regard to evictions and public meet- ings. He defied the Government to put down public meetings in Ireland, and warned them that if in the attempt blood were shed the crime and shame of having broken the law in order to suppress the liberty of speech would fall on their own heads. The Government might carry out evictions and proclaim meet- ings, but they could not stop murder and moonlighting, and never would. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach admitted that law and order were not at present maintained in Ireland, but as soon as they could the Government would apply for powers to secure their proper main- tenance. With regard to evictions, they were due in great measure to the inflammatory speeches of the advocates of an organised system of robbery. As to the suppression of public meetings, that course was only adopted when there was reason to believe that such gatherings tended to obstruction or defiance of the law. When they had powers to bring to justice those who used these meet- ings to incite the people to break the law they would be able to deal more efficiently than at 1597 MARCH MARCH 1887 present with this matter. Mr. Dillon’s speech, which was an incentive to resistance, was a further proof of the absolute necessity for further powers. The discussion was carried on to a late hour, principally by Irish members, amid scenes of great excitement and disorder. 3 . — Explosion of fire damp in a colliery at Quarengnon, Belgium, causing the death of 144 miners. 5 . — Sir II. J. S. Maine, LL.D., Master of Trinity Hall, elected to the Professorship of International Law at Cambridge University, in succession to Sir W. Harcourt, who had held the Professorship from its foundation in 1867, — Numerous outrages by moonlighters and others reported from various parts of Ireland ; the return of many of the 44 Invincibles,” who had fled in 1882, also announced. — Owing to the large number of letters Sir George Trevelyan received in reference to the report that at the Devonshire Club dinner last week he had stated that “the game of law and order was up in Ireland,” he com- municated to the press the actual text of his speech. Referring to the course taken by the Conservative Government, Sir George said that they should have rigorously enforced the law and placed on the table of the House the first thing this session a thorough and compre- hensive scheme for the government of Ireland. They had done neither. “ At the very outset of the renewal of agrarian disturbances they had allowed the violence of the mob to overcome the officers of the law, and from that time the game of law and order was up in Ireland.” In Lord Spencer’s time neither police nor military had ever returned repulsed or defeated. 7. — It was announced to-day that Sir Michael Hicks- Beach had resigned the Chief Secretaryship for Ireland, and that Mr. A. J. Balfour, the Secretary for Scotland, had been appointed his successor. Sir Michael’s retire- ment from the Irish office was said to be entirely caused by ill-health. He had con- sulted several specialists, with the result that they declared he had a cataract in each eye, and that his general health was so much deteriorated that it was impossible for him to continue to discharge his official duties, - — A number of the leading insurgents who had taken part in a revolt at Rustchuk and Silistria on Feb. 28, shot, after having been tried and condemned by court-martial. — Died, aged 64, Thomas Watson, M.P. for the Ilkeston division of Derbyshire. — Died, aged 71, John E. Vernon, Irish Land Commissioner. — Died, aged'92, Father Beck, Superior of the Order of Jesuits. 1598 G. — The Marquis of Lothian appointed Secretary for Sc >tland in room of Mr. A. J. Balfour, the new Chief Secretary for Ireland. — Died, aged 63, Frances Harriett, Duchess of Richmond and Gordon. — Died at New York, aged 74, Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, famous as an American preacher. — - Died, aged 69, Paul Feval French novelist. 9 - — Mr. Schnadhorst entertained at a ban- quet in London, and presented with ten thou- sand guineas in appreciation of his services to the Liberal party during the last twenty years. A letter was read from Mr. Gladstone express- ing the belief that Mr. Schnadhorst’s services would largely contribute to restore at no distant date the Liberal party to its old prominence. Mr. Schnadhorst, acknowledging the testi- monial, said the Liberal leaders must make haste or the party would reunite without them. Sir William Harcourt said the Round Table Conference had shown that the subjects on which they were agreed were many and great, and those on which they differed were second- ary and few. — - As the result of an investigation by the Admiralty officials into the alleged supplying of information regarding British naval designs to foreign powers, the following notice was posted at Chatham Dockyard :• — “ Mr. Young Terry, draughtsman, having betrayed the trust reposed in him by selling information acquired by him in his official capacity, the Cords Com- missioners of the Admiralty have directed that he be publicly dismissed the service, and he has been dismissed accordingly,” 10. — Mr. Luke Fildes, A.R.A., elected to full membership of the Royal Academy, in the place of Mr, G. B. Richmond, R. A., retired. 11 . — Sharp shock of earthquake felt at Monte Carlo, Cannes, and Dijon ; and shocks of a more violent character at Marseilles, Ventimiglia, and Diano Marina. Mrs. Samuels, the wife of a dairyman in Kentish Town, found murdered in broad day. light in her shop. Four or five men who had arrived from Wandsworth in a trap were sup- posed to have been the murderers, and their object to obtain possession of the safe, which they had removed from its place but not opened. The men got off long before any alarm was given. — Died, aged 80, Sir Wm. Andrews, C.S.I., a cultivated advocate of the Euphrates Valley Railway Scheme. 13 . — Died II. II. the Rajah of Jhind, one of the great loyal Sikh chiefs of the Punjaub. 14 . — Alexandra House, Kensington Grove, intended to provide a comfortable home for lady students of music, science, and art, opened MARCH 1887 MARCH by the Prince and Princess of Wales. The building and site, which cost £150,000, were provided at the expense of Sir Francis Cook. 15 . — The sale of the collection of engrav- ings of the late Duke of Buccleuch resumed at the rooms of Messrs. Christie, Manson & Woods, London. The lots were all works after Sir Joshua Reynolds, and realised 2348/. — The Duchess of Otranto, aged 40, daughter-in-law of the famous Fouche, Napo- leon’s Minister of Police, blew out her brains in an attack of mania. — Died, aged 71, Win. Collingwood Smith, landscape-painter. 16 . — Speaking at Liskeard on the position of the Liberal party, Sir George Trevelyan said he had recently spoken some words rather sharply, but he maintained that the reunion of the party would be a result at which every patriot should rejoice. He preferred a settle- ment of the Irish question which was the work of a united Liberal party to any scheme carried out by the Conservatives ; but he did not contem- plate for a moment that the Liberal leaders who separated from the party owing to their objections to Mr. Gladstone’s bills would re- enter unless those objections were definitely met. He spoke of the change which had come over the Liberal party in recent years, and their determination not to touch any great question unless they settled it thoroughly. In order to carry out good work he hoped they would soon be reunited respecting Ireland. The duty of the objectors to Mr. Gladstone’s bills was first to be clear upon the points on which they must insist before they came to any agreement whatever — and for his part he would insist to the end — and, secondly, to try to understand the position of their adversaries, and to use conciliatory language towards them. — Examination of Mr. Richard Belt, ad- journed from March last year in consequence of the bankrupt’s imprisonment, takes place in the London Bankruptcy Court. The accounts now produced showed debts unsecured, ^30,572, and assets, £96. 17 . — The Due d’Aumale sends to the Prince of Wales a cheque for ^500 in aid of the Imperial Institute Fund, as a mark of his profound and respectful attachment to her Majesty the Queen. — Mr. Gladstone, speaking at a dinner given to the Yorkshire members of Parliament, said, in reference to the present Government, that he would support them in the right and oppose them when in the wrong. Sir George Trevelyan had said the Irish question ought to be settled by the united Liberal party. He did not agree with that. The first thing to do was to settle the Irish question. Alluding to the last election, he said he thought the defeat was owing in a great measure to the opposition raised by the Land Purchase Bill, and he had since thought it practicable that a system of purchase could be brought forward that would not pledge British credit. One means to secure that would be by the establishment of a real Irish Government. 17 . — Upwards of one hundred and fifty ban- quets given in Paris to celebrate the anniversary of the proclamation of the Commune. A large meeting was held in London, at which Prince Krapotkin was the principal guest of the evening, — The railway to Quetta by the Hernai route completed, and the materials for the last stretch through the Pishin Valley brought for- ward for immediate use. — Died, aged 79, Sir Wm. Hardy, F. S. A., formerly Deputy- Keeper of the Public Records, in which office he succeeded his brother, Sir T. Ditfifus Hardy. — Died, aged 91, Major John Quin Pardey, Peninsular veteran. 18 . — Mr. Dillon moves the adjournment of the Commons for the purpose of calling atten- tion to the arrest of Father Keller, parish priest of Youghal, under a warrant issued by Judge Boyd. He explained that the reason Father Keller did not attend to the summons, to appear in Court was that he felt that an outrageous insult had been put upon his cloth, and that it was part and parcel of a policy to compel him and other priests to turn informers. As regarded the disturbances which followed the issue of the warrant, there was not a man in the town who did not believe that the object of introducing the extra police was to create a riot and so provoke retaliation, and give an apology for a new coercion bill. Mr. A. J. Balfour said that a more unfounded accusation was never levelled by a public man against those responsible for the government of the country than had just been done by Mr. Dillon. He defended the action of Judge Boyd in or- dering the arrest of Father Keller as being the only course which lay open to him, and justi- fied the action of the commandant of the police in ordering them to charge the mob when the disturbance broke out. The law must be obeyed, and he believed it would be carried out peacefully in every district of Ireland if only agitators would cease from their baneful work, which was primarily responsible for all those unfortunate events. An animated dis- cussion followed, and at length the motion for adjournment was negatived by 226 to 88 votes. — In the House of Commons, after pro- longed discussion, the Closure Rule carried by 262 votes to 41, and made a Standing Order of the House. — Judgment given by the Second Division of the Court of Session in the Doon fishing case. 1599 MARCH MARCH 1887 In the Outer House, Lord Trayner found that defender’s right had not been made out, and gave decree, with expenses ; but their Lord- ships to-day unanimously reversed this decision, and gave absolvitor, with expenses. In their opinion the Doon is not a navigable or public river in any sense, and as the Marquis of Ailsa owns both banks, the public have no right of access to it. This decision ruled a Sheriff Court action with reference to the same sub- ject, w r hich was decided by the Sheriff in favour of the Marquis. 13 . — Destruction by fire of the Richmond Hotel, Buffalo ; 15 lives lost. — Died at Buenos Ayres, aged 40, William Denny, of Dumbarton shipbuilder and naval architect. 20. — At a special sitting of the Dublin Bankruptcy Court the Rev. Daniel Keller, on taking the oath as a witness in the case of Patrick O’Brien, made a declaration that he would answer no questions that would tend to disclose any confidence reposed in him as a priest. In examination, Father Keller ad- mitted that he knew the bankrupt, Patrick O’Brien ; but on being asked whether he saw him in the Mall-House at Youghal on the 16th November, he refused to answer the question as it trenched on the secrecy of matters en- trusted to him in his priestly character. Judge Boyd ruled that there was no legal justification for refusing to answer the question, and on Father Keller persisting a warrant for the rev. gentleman’s committal to Kilmainham was made out. Father Keller was accompanied to prison by the Archbishop and his chaplain. The horse was unyoked by the crowd, who drew the cab amid a scene of wild enthusiasm to the prison gate, within which the Archbishop and the members of Parliament were admitted. On leaving Kilmainham Mr. W. O’Brien de- livered an animated speech, in which he characterised the event just witnessed as one of the most memorable scenes in Irish history. He did not pity Father Keller; he congratu- lated and envied him. It was certain that no man living that day envied Judge Boyd’s feel- ings, or those of Mr. Arthur Balfour, for they had entered upon a conflict the end of which would be the destruction of their power and of the infamous system of alien misrule of which they were the instruments. — Died, aged 54, John Kynaston Cross, formerly M.P. for Bolton, and Under Secretary of State for India. 21 . — In the House of Commons, Mr. A. J. Balfour gave notice of the introduction of a Bill to make better provision for the prevention and punishment of crime in Leland. The House afterwards went into Committee of Supply on the Naval Estimates, and owing to obstruction the sitting extended unbroken for 21 hours. 1600 21. — Colonel de Sandoval, who, three weeks ago, was found guilty of fitting out an expedi- tion in this country to proceed against the Republic of Venezuela, was sentenced to pay a fine of ^500 and the costs of prosecution ; also to suffer one month’s imprisonment as a first- class misdemeanant. 22. — In the House of Commons, Mr. W. II. Smith moved for precedence for the Criminal Law Amendment (Ireland) Bill. Mr. John Morley moved as an amendment that the House declined to set aside the business of the nation in favour of a measure increasing the stringency of the criminal law, while no effectual security had been taken against the abuse of the law by the exaction of excessive rents. The debate on this amendment was continued on successive days till the 25'ch, when it was rejected by 349 to 260 votes. — The ninetieth birthday of the Emperor of Germany celebrated with great rejoicing at Ber- lin and throughout Germany. 23 . — Her Majesty the Queen, accompanied by Princess Beatrice, Prince Henry of Batten- berg and suite, visited Birmingham in order to lay the foundation-stone of the New Victoria Assize Courts. At the Town Hall the Queen received an address from the Corporation, and, in her reply, stated her full appreciation of the cordial welcome that had been extended to her, her satisfaction at the vast improvements carried out by the energy of the Corporation since her last visit, nearly thirty years ago, and her admiration of the designs of the New Law Courts.- Driving from the Town Hall to the site of the new Courts in Corporation Street, the Queen laid the foundation-stone of the buildings in view of another immense concourse of townspeople. The Royal party then drove slowly through a considerable portion of the town to Snowhill Station on the return journey south, being again at all points received with most demonstrative loyalty. In the evening the town was brilliantly illuminated. — Mr. Goschen, speaking at a banquet given by the Lord Mayor in the Mansion House at London, said the forthcoming budget would be of a humdrum description. He had not been long enough Chancellor of the Exchequer to be able with any degree of con- fidence to attempt to change the basis upon which taxation was now imposed, and though there were many changes and reforms desirable he could not divert the attention of Parlia- ment to these until they had solved the question upon which the integrity of the empire depended. — Died, aged 72, Sir Robert Bateson Harvey, Bart., formerly M.P. for Bucks. — Died, aged 84, Rev. John P. Lightfoot, Rector of Exeter College. 1887 MARCH 1 MARCH 24 -. — In the Commons Mr. Gladstone, on 1 resuming the Urgency debate raised by Mr. Motley's amendment, warned the Government against an unwise use of the power of cloture, and, proceeding to the merits of the question, declared that the present condition of affairs was very different from what it was in 1881. The description of crime which then prevailed in Ireland was that which especially threatened social order, and agrarian offences had doubled | compared with the returns of the highest year since 1844. At present the object of crime, at its worst, was the concession of a certain reduction of rent. In every point the Govern- f ment proceedings stood in glaring contradiction to the precedent which had been quoted as their sole justification, and those who had yet to speak for the Government must set about searching for some other plea. — The polling for the Ilkeston division in Derbyshire resulted in the return of Sir B. W. Foster (Gladstonian Liberal) by 5,512 votes, I against 4,180 polled by Mr. Leeke (Conser- vative). — Died at Lowick Rectory, Thrapstow, aged 70, Rev. Wm. Lucas Collins honorary Canon of Peterborough, editor of “Ancient Classics for English Readers.” — Died, aged 71, Surgeon-General Wm. Rutherford, honorary Physician to the Queen. — Died, aged 80, William Stevens, pro- prietor of the Family Herald. 25 . — In the Commons, after several mem- bers had spoken, Sir Henry James addressed the House in support of the motion for urgency. Sir William Harcojirt said the effect of the proposed Bill would be to give 1 the landlords a greater power to enforce the payment of unjust rents, and the inevitable result to the Irish tenants would be great and cruel injustice. Provided the rents were just, there would be no need of a Coercion Bill at all, and the object they all had in view would have been attained by a simpler and a better I method. Mr. Goschen, speaking for the Government, declared the proposed Bill was necessary owing to the present condition of Ireland, and the reasons which prompted its introduction were practically those which brought about the Bill of 1881. The House I afterwards divided, when there voted— For Mr. Morley’s amendment, 260 ; against, 349 ; 1 majority against the amendment, 89. Mr. Smith’s motion for urgency was afterwards adopted. — Died, at St. Andrews, Mrs. Tulloch, widow of the late Principal of the University. — Died, aged 78, Yen. Benjamin Harrison, Archdeacon of Maidstone. — Died, General Farre, French War Minister 1879-81. 27 . — The ocean race for 10,000 dollars between the yachts Coronet and Dauntless , won by the former, which arrived off Roches Point, Queenstown. The boats started from Sandy Hook on the 12th inst., and after that night the Coronet lost sight of her rival. During the voyage some severe weather was encountered, and on the 22nd and 23rd only 38 and 50 knots respectively were made. 1 he biggest run was logged on Saturday, the 26th — 291 miles. Notwithstanding the severity of the weather the Coronet sustained no damage whatever. The Dauntless arrived on the evening of the 28th. 23 . — Commencement of debate in the Com- mons on the proposed Criminal Law (Ireland) Amendment Bill, generally described by its opponents as the Coercion Bill, but which ultimately became the Crimes Act. In asking leave to-night to introduce the measure, Mr. Balfour said the amendment in Mr. Parnell’s name — that the House should resolve itself into a Committee to consider the state of Ireland — was unnecessary so far as the Irish members were concerned, for none could know better than they to what an unhappy condition they had reduced the country. Since 1845 there had only been seven years in which the present list of crimes had been exceeded in amount, and with the exception of 1880 ex- ceptional legislation was in force in each of those seven years. At present 917 persons were under the special protection of 77 ® police, at an additional cost to the taxpayers of ^55,000 a year. The right hon. gentleman proceeded to show from the charges of the judges that the law was not enforced over a large part of Ireland, and from the results of outrages and trials that persons were afraid to prosecute and that juries gave verdicts against the evidence. Not only was the law in abeyance, but its place was usurped by the National League. This being the case, he proceeded to detail the provisions by means of which the Government would endeavour to cope with the difficulty, and, in conclusion, he asked the House, in the cause of liberty, to assist the Government in breaking the yoke under which so large a portion of Ireland was now groaning. Mr. Dillon said if this measure were passed he would give up all hopes of seeing the people of England and Ireland shaking hands ; if it were passed, he for one would either abandon all public agitation and leave the country, or, if the people were brave and willing, he would lead them to battle. — Died, Hon. W. Smith, Premier of British Columbia. 29 . — Proclamation in the London Gazette prohibiting the importation into the United Kingdom of all foreign coins other than of gold and silver. — In the resumed debate on the Crimes Bill Mr. Gladstone opposed the motion on the ground that the allegations on which the 1601 MARCH 887 APRIL proposal was founded were absolutely in- sufficient and unsatisfactory. lie proceeded to examine the statistics of crime in Ireland in support of his contention, and declared it would be one of the grossest breaches of trust a representative assembly could commit if they relaxed the conditions upon which alone it had been the rule to sanction increased stringency of the law in exceptional cases. Criticising the provisions cf the Bill, for the discussion of which he demanded ample time, he described the transfer of Irish trials to London as insulting, and exasperating, and utterly in contrast with the lessons taught by Irish history. Mr. Goschen denied that the Crimes Bill was the Government’s remedy for Irish troubles, and showed that if remeoial measures were to be successful the law would have in the first instance to be strengthened. He complained that Mr. Gladstone had no word to say in condemnation of lawlessness, outrage, boycotting, or intimidation. 29 . — The report of the Committee on Cut- lasses and Cutlass Sword Bayonets supplied to the Royal Navy issued to members of Par- liament. It stated that while they had no reason to doubt the efficiency of any cutlasses and cutlass sword bayonets supplied to the navy prior to 1871, they believed that the con- verted cutlasses and cutlass sword bayonets, pattern 1871, with which the navy was now for the most part armed, were absolutely inefficient, untrustworthy, and unfit for service. 30 . — Mr. Parnell reported as having ap- pealed to the Irish League in America for support in the struggle against the Irish policy of the Government, received a reply that the League will redouble its efforts on behalf of Ireland. Resolutions were unani- mously passed by the Nebraska Legislature sympathising with Ireland, and denouncing Lord Salisbury’s Irish policy. — Died, aged 101, Anne Penelope Hoare, mother of Sir Henry Hoare, Bart. 31 . — Died, aged 71, John Godfrey Saxe, American poet. — In the Lords Earl Cadogan introduced the Irish Land Bill, which, after some remarks from Earl Granville, Earl Cowper, and Lord Dunraven, was read a first time. The Lord Chancellor’s Bill for the better Registration and Transfer of Land was also read a first time. — In the Commons, the debate on the Crimes Bill was resumed by Mr. Labouchere, who declared that coercion had hitherto proved a complete failure. The National League was technically illegal, but it contained the spirit at the expense of the letter of the law. He warned the supporters of the Government that the door of repentance would be closed on every Radical who voted in favour of coercion. 1602 April 1 . — Mr. Parnell resumed the debate on the Crimes Bill in the Commons, and moved that the Plouse immediately resolve itself into a Committee to consider the state of Ireland. He objected to the land proposals of the Go- vernment, as they would make the tenants bankrupt by wholesale. As for the Crimes Bill, if it were passed the reign of judicial murder would begin, the formation of secret societies would be encouraged, and there would be no loophole of escape for any political movement in Ireland. The country would be put under a terrible and trying yoke, but he counselled the Irish people to moderation and patience, for in a few years, from the sense of justice of Mr. Gladstone, and the sense of justice of the people of Great Britain, Ireland would receive the full powers they desired. After a motion for the adjournment of the House had been defeated, the Closure was carried by 361 to 253, and the Criminal Law (Ireland) Amendment Bill was read a first time without a division ; the Gladstonian Liberals and Nationalist members having left the House after the division on the Closure, refusing to vote on the first reading of the measure. — Heavy snowstorm in and around London. 2 . — Addressing his Paddington constituents. Lord Randolph Churchill said the Government had done their best to govern Ireland with the ordinary law. The army against them was one headed by Mr. Gladstone, with a staff of Liberal lieutenants, and consisted of many grades, which went down to the rabble of assassins, who were probably at the present moment sharpening their daggers and prepar- ing their bombs in the slums of New York. The National League was the creation of Mr. Gladstone, under whose Government it came into being, and now he formally recognised his child and extended to it an affection purely paternal. His lordship considered the Govern- ment had made out a case for a bill twice as strong, and nothing but such a bill would go to the bottom of the rottenness of society in Ire- land. The bill was the death knell of the repeal army, and he hoped it would pass, for if the Government made concessions the bill would not pass and the Union would be lost. — The report that a fresh attempt had been made on the life of the Czar confirmed. His Majesty, it appeared, was fired at in the park at Gatschina by an officer who was afterwards arrested. The Czar was not injured, though the weapon was discharged at close quarters. — The Hoxton murder trial brought to a close, at the Central Criminal Court. After consulting for two hours and a half the jury found Currell guilty of the murder of Lydia Green, and sentence of death was passed. — Died, aged 63, the Right Rev. Jonathan Holt, D.D., late Bishop of Rangoon. APRIL 1887 APRIL 3. — A demonstration held near Youghal to- day (Sunday) to celebrate the anniversary of Peter O'Neill Crowley, killed in the rising of ’67, was attended by about 20,000 people. Mr. Davitt pronounced a eulogy on Crowley, and, referring to the policy of the Government, declared that the more drastic the measure of coercion was the sooner would Irish liberty be attained. England had now two Irelands to crush, and “ Balfour’s Jubilee Coercion Act” could not touch the Ireland beyond the sea. The Government might try to put an end to public meetings and freedom of speech, but, as had been done before, they would meet where no Government reporter could be present. — Died, aged 78, Henry Allsopp, Baron Hindlip, member of the celebrated firm of brewers. — Died, aged 78, James Farley Leith, Q.C., formerly M.P. for Aberdeen. A. — In the Commons, Mr. Chaplin called the attention of the Speaker, as a question of privi- lege, to a speech delivered on the 1st inst. by Mr. Conybeare reflecting on the conduct of the Chair in connection with the enforcement of the cloture on the 1st inst. The Speaker said that whether the speech was a breach of privilege was a matter for the House to decide. Pie could afford to pass over whatever was personal, but it was a strange thing, and he hoped unprecedented, that in consequence of his using the discretion with which he had been invested by a standing Order he should be charged with partisanship. He was content to leave his conduct in the chair to the judg- ment of every fair and right-minded and honourable man. Mr. Conybeare explained the circumstances in which his speech was delivered, and disclaimed any intention of reflecting on the impartiality of the Speaker. — At the invitation of the Colonial Office, representatives of thirty-seven British colonies met in conference with members of the Govern- ment on matters of common interest to the empire. 5 . — The Queen left Cannes in the evening, and reached Aix-les-Bains by way of Marseilles, Valence, and Grenoble. Great offence was given to the French by the omission of the English fleet to salute the French flag and soil on arriving off Cannes. The Duke of Edin- burgh, who was in command, sent an explana- tion to the French authorities that his squadron was unprovided with a saluting battery. Barcn Pollock and Justice Stephen in the Queen’s Bench Division hear evidence in the petition presented by Mr. Joseph Arch against the return of Lord Henry Bentinck for the North-West Division of Norfolk at the last general election. It was alleged that Lord Henry Bentinck had paid £3 to an elector in the division in contravention of the Corrupt Practices Act. The Court dismissed the petition. 5 . — H. R.PI. the Duke of Edinburgh resolves to resign his claim to the Dukedom of Saxe- Coburg-Gotha in favour of his son. • — - Died, aged 24, Roderick Donald Mathe- son, Laird of Chisholm. — Died, aged 96, Henri Dupin, “Father of French dramatists,” author of about 200 plays. 6 . — Speaking to an audience in South London, Mr. John Morley said the Crimes Bill was not only inconsistent with the pledges which many, if not most, of its supporters had given their constituents, but it was a monstrous invasion of the Act of Union which they pro- fessed to uphold. It was not an instrument of law and order, but a challenge to, and if pos- sible a device for, triumphing over their politi- cal opponents. It was a hateful instrument for checking equitable reductions of rent and for laying the tenants at the feet of their landlords. The remedial measure introduced in the House of Lords had been repudiated with equal un- ananimity by landlords and tenants, and Lord Cowper had said that it had a fatal omission and was open to fatal objections. The result of the passing of the Coercion Bill would be a system of secret combinations, followed by deep-rooted demoralisation and a growing disaffection. Whether the bill succeeded or not, it would leave an evil mark upon the Irish mind and the Irish sentiment. The Gladstonians at any rate would not desist or turn back. Time was when the Irish peasant saw no light on his horizon save what shone from America, but now he saw a new light nearer home, and this ill-omened measure should not be permitted to quench that beacon. — Professor Tyndall resigned the chair of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution, which he had held since the retirement of Professor Faraday in 1853. — Died, aged 45, Colonel Sir Owen Lanyon, K.C.M.G. — Died, aged 77, Colonel Frederick Romilly, formerly M.P. for Canterbury. 7 . — Parliament adjourns for the Easter recess till the 1 2th. — Died Robert Cocks, music publisher. S. — Sir Joseph West Ridgeway, the British representative on the Afghan Frontier Delimi- tation Commission, leaves London for St. Petersburg. — Died, Rev. Charles James Burton, for thirty-two years Chancellor of the Diocese of Carlisle. 9 . — At a meeting in BatterseaPark, Mr. Burns, socialist, in moving aprotest against the Coercion Bill, said that henceforth they would mete out to traitors that punishment which their treachery deserved. Great sorrow had been evinced at the attempt on the Czar, and he too was sorry 1603 APRIL APRIL 1887 that it had not succeeded. He asked those present whether, while they deprecated force, some of them did not like the idea of Joseph Chamberlain following the Czar and Lord Salisbury to heaven by means of a chemical parcels post. The Chairman expressed his dissent from Mr. Burns’s sentiments. 9 . — H.M. S. Victoria, one of the largest iron- clads in the Navy, successfully launched from the Elswick-yard of Messrs.. Sir W. Armstrong, Mitchell & Co. Displacement 10,470 tons, indicated horse power 12,000, speed about 17 knots. — William Millikin, master of the ship Ada Melmore , which was in collision with the emigrant ship Kapunda , charged by the Board of Trade, at Bow Street Police Court, with infringing the regulations for preventing col- lision at sea. The charge was found proven, and the defendant fined ^50, the costs, amounting to £10, to be deducted. 10. —Died, aged 71, the Right Hon. C. N. Newdegate, who represented North Warwick- shire for forty-two years. He retired in 1885, on account of failing health. 11 . — Military manoeuvres at Dover in which over 13,000 volunteers took part. • — Demonstration in Hyde Park, to protest against the Irish Criminal Law Amendment Bill, attended by about 100, coo people. There were sixteen platforms, and at half-past four o’clock the resolution against the bill was put simulta- neously at flag signal, and was approved by a multitude of upraised hands. Very slight support was given to a negative proposal. A considerable number of members of Parlia- ment were present on the different platforms, and delivered brief speeches. The immense crowd afterwards separated in perfect order. — Died, aged 33, Flora Hastings, Duchess of Norfolk. 12 — Col. King-Harman appointed Parlia- mentary Undersecretary forlreland. Questioned regarding the appointment in the House on the 16th, Mr. W. H. Smith explained that it had been made in virtue of the authority which existed in the Executive Government, and that no salary nor profit would attach to the office. — The remains of ex-President Lincoln removed from the secret grave in which they had been deposited at Springfield, Illinois, and re- buried with that of his wife in the same cemetery. 13 . — The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Company’s steamer Victoria wrecked near Dieppe. Twenty-six of the passengers were drowned, chiefly through panic at the commencement of the disaster, but all others, including the crew, were safely landed. — Died, the Rt. Rev. Dr. Alfred Lee, Bishop of Delaware, and senior bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States. 1604 14 -. — Sir George Trevelyan publishes a long statement regarding the Crimes Bill, in the course of which he contrasted the policy of the Executive now with that under Lord Spencer. Formerly a distinct line was drawn between crime and politics. The bill brought in by the present Government embarked Parliament and the Executive Government on a course which, as the experience of all history showed, could not be pursued continuously and con- sistently, and which could serve no end except exasperate Irish opinion, the satisfaction of which— with due regard for the common interest of the United Kingdom, and for the protection of the minority in Ireland itself — could alone settle, on just and equitable terms, the relations of the two islands. 15 . — Debate on the second reading of the Crimes Bill resumed by Sir William Harcourt, who was followed by Mr. Plunkett. After some x-emarks by Mr. E. R. Russell, Colonel Saunderson spoke in support of the bill, and charged the Parnellite members with being the associates of scoundrels and murderers. A scene of great confusion ensued, Mr. T. Healy twice calling the hon. gentleman a liar, and after he was named by the Speaker he was sus- pended from the service of the House. The stirring scene continued some time, and ulti- mately the debate was adjourned on the motion of Mr. Sexton. On the 18th the debate was again resumed, and Sir B. Samuelson’s amend- ment having been rejected by 370 to 269 votes, the bill was read a second time, — Died, aged 94, Lieut.-Col. James Fyn- more, R. M., thought to be the last survivor of Trafalgar. 16 . — Mr. Goschen entertained to a banquet in the Music Hall, Edinburgh. In responding to the toast of the evening, the Chancellor of the Exchequer spoke of opponents in the Com- mons having learnt the habits of their new allies. The politicians who two years ago were prepared .to risk a Ministerial crisis rather than forego .the renewal of the clauses against boycotting, now regarded boycotting, if not with approbation, at least with most repre- hensible connivance. They had also fallen in with the Parnellite policy of striking a blow at the predominance of the Imperial Parliament, and occasion had even been taken to invalidate both the authority of the Speaker and the authority of the majority of the House of Commons. It was one of the most pathetic incidents of the situation that the admirers of Mr. Gladstone were bound to denounce not only his policy but the methods by which he pursued it. The crisis was grave. There was more at stake than the Union or the integrity of the empire. The moralities of politics were at stake. The great Separatist gamblers had hazarded not only their available resources, but their patrimony, namely, the traditions of the great party to which they belonged, and their APRIL APRIL 1 887 trust money, namely, the trust given into their hands by the united people of this country. Lord Hartington also spoke in a similar spirit. 16 . — Throughout the week meetings held in all parts of the country in opposition to or in support of the Crimes Bill (Ireland), the most important being Edinburgh (Lord Hartington and Mr. Goschen), Derby (Sir W. Harcourt), Ayr and Hawick (Mr. Chamberlain). In Birmingham, at the meeting of the Liberal Associations, a resolution condemnatory of the bill was carried by a majority of about 100. 17 . — Died, aged 79, Colonel Sir Thomas Gore-Brown, K.C.M.G. — Died, aged 74, James Wyld, geographer, formerly M. P. for Bodmin. 18 . — Much excitement created throughout the country by the publication in fac-si?nile of a letter purporting to have been written by Mr. Parnell in extenuation of the Phoenix Park crime. (See May 15th, 1882.) — The debate on the Crimes Bill in the Commons resumed by Mr. Sexton, who de- clared that if the measure became law there would be a United Kingdom of Great Britain and a slave settlement of Ireland. He pro- ceeded to reply at considerable length to the charges made by Colonel Saunderson on Friday night. For the last six years it had been the practice of the press to attack and calumniate the Irish party, but whether these calumnies in the press took the shape of a simple lie or the later shape of a base, manifest, clumsy, and malignant forgery, he would pay no further attention to them. Lord Hartington pointed out that no disproof had been produced by the Irish party of allegations of the most damaging character made in the most public and offensive manner. Dealing with the bill, his lordship said the question could not be decided by pre- cedents. If anything was proved at the last election it was that Ireland should be governed by the law of the land and of Parliament, and not by the law of the Land League ; and if it was clear that the country would not trust the leaders of the National League coupled with responsibility, it was clear that they were still less willing to allow them to retain their power free from any responsibility. Mr. Balfour having replied to various contentions urged by Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Parnell rose at the dose of the debate, and complained with some asperity that the Chief Secretary had by characteristic unfairness refused to him at an earlier hour the ten or twelve minutes he de- sired to have for the purpose of referring to the villanous and barefaced forgery which appeared in the Times that morning — (Irish cheers) — obviously for the purpose of influenc- ing the division. (Cheers.) He could not suppose that the right hon. gentleman in refusing to give him the time necessary had not in his eye the design of practically pre- senting his denial of this unblushing calumny from having that effect on public opinion which it would otherwise have had if it had been spoken at a reasonable hour. (Oppo- sition cheers.) It appeared that in addition to the passing of this Coercion Bill the dice were to be loaded — (Opposition cheers) — that their great organs of public opinion in this country were to be permitted to pay miserable .crea- tures for producing these calumnies who would be safe under such circumstances. Under such conditions he did not envy the Chief Secretary his first commencement of calumny and forgery which had been made by his supporters. (Opposition cheers.) They had heard of the misdeeds of Mr. Ford, the editor of the Irish World , but Mr. Ford never did anything half so bad. (Opposition cheers.) — Mr. Balfour said he intervened between the hon. member and the House simply because he understood, as the debate had been arranged, that he (Mr. Balfour) was to follow Mr. Glad- stone, and Mr. Parnell was to follow him (Mr. Balfour). No hint of any kind reached him that Mr. Parnell was to confine himself or to deal at all with the accusation made against him, but he conceived the hon. member would be listened to at any time. — Mr. Parnell then proceeded with his defence. In order, he said, that his denial might be full and com- plete he wished to say that he certainly never heard of the letter, never directed such a letter to be written ; he never saw such a letter, before he saw it in the Times of that morning. (Opposition cheers.) The subject matter of the letter was preposterous ; the phraseology of it was absurd. In every part of it it bore evi- dence, absolute and irrefutable evidence, of want of genuineness and authenticity. Poli- tics were come to a pretty pass in this country when the leader of a political party of 86 men had to stand up in the House of Commons at ten minutes past one o’clock in the morning, in order to defend himself from an anonymous fabrication. He never had the slightest notion in the world that the life of the late Mr. Forster had been in danger, or that any con- spiracy was afoot against him. Pie had no more notion than the unborn child that there was any such conspiracy as the Invincible con- spiracy — (Opposition cheers) — and no man was more surprised or thunder-struck and astonished than he was when the Phoenix Park murders took place. It was no exagger- ation to say that if he had been in the Phoenix Park that day he would have stood between Lord Frederick Cavendish and the daggers of the assassins — (cheers) — and for that matter beteen the daggers and Mr. Bourke, too. (Applause.) He had suffered more than any other man from the terrible deed in the Phoenix Park, and no nation had suffered more than the Irish nation. (Parnellite cheers.) He denied any knowledge of the Clamna-Gael Society. He had never had any dealings with Mr. A. Sullivan either in America or in 1605 APRIL 18S7 APRIL Ireland in respect to the proceedings or the doings of any secret organisation whatever. The House divided at half-past one o’clock on the morning of the 19th, when there voted for Sir B. Samuelson’s Amendment 269 ; against 370 ; majority for Government 101. The bill was then read a second time amid loud Ministerial cheers. 18 . — Mr. Ritchie (President of the Local Government Board) and Earl Cadogan (Privy Seal) admitted to the Cabinet. — The man Currell, condemned to death for the murder of his sweetheart, Lydia Green, in Hoxtort, was executed in Newgate jail this morning. The prisoner preserved to the last the demeanour he had exhibited since his arrest, and walked firmly to the scaffold. He left behind him a written con- fession, admitting the justice of his sentence, and stating that the murder was premeditated and the outcome of jealousy. — Ex-Marshal Bazaine stabbed in his own house at Madrid by a Frenchman, who had obtained admission on pretence of delivering a letter. — The P. and O. steamer Tasmania stranded on the Monachi rocks off Corsica. All the passengers were safely landed, but the captain, two of the crew, and twenty-two Lascar stokers were drowned. On the same day the Eastern Telegraph Companies steamer Volta was lost on Miconos, one of the Cyclades group in the Greek Archipelago, resulting in the loss of eleven lives. — Died, Mr. R. L. Baily, formerly M. P. for the Exchange Division of Liverpool. — Died, Cherif Pasha, G. C.S.I., formerly Prime Minister of Egypt. 19 . — Speaking as the guest of the Eighty Club at Willis’s Rooms. Mr. Gladstone, after acknowledging Lord Hartington’s kindness and regard towards old friends, referred to his lordship’s speech in the House on Monday night, and said that he noticed remarks respecting Irish members in order to dis- charge what he thought strictly a debt of justice. He wished to bear testimony in the face of the whole world that neither now did he entertain, nor at any time had he enter- tained, a suspicion that the Irish members were associated with crime. He thought he had as much official knowledge of the matter as Lord Ilartington ; and Lord Spencer, who knew more than any other man, had also acquitted them of the charge. He put for- ward these assurances as a debt of justice to the men against whom every instrument of party warfare, just and unjud, was being un- scrupulously and unremittingly used. He declared that the burden of proof as to the truth of these charges lay with those who made them. It was a gross offence to throw out injurious accusations, and then to hold as 1606 sufficient reparation the intimation that the accused can supply demonstration of their untruth. The Coercion Bill, he maintained, was a bill against combination not against crime. It was a bill, in fact, against the Irish people. 19 . — Died, aged 63 , Wm. Lygon Pakenham, fourth Earl of Longford. — Died, Baroness Betty de Rothschild, of Rue Lafitte, Paris. 20. — Addressing a Primrose League meet- ing at Battersea, Lord Salisbury contended that the Unionists, so far from having broken their pledges to their constituents, had ful- filled their promise to enforce the repression of crime. They had insisted that the amount of repression depended on the amount of crime, and they now stood in the presence of a vast organization for taking away human freedom and interfering with men in every relation of life. Notwithstanding Mr. Glad- stone’s comfortable horoscope, there never was a time when the prospects of the Liberal party were so gloomy, and his lordship be- lieved that the greater maturity of reflection among the people which Mr. Gladstone relied on would decide in favour of the present Crimes Bill. — Speeches were also delivered to-day by Sir W. Harcourt at Shoreditch, and Mr. John Morley at Wolverhampton, both speakers fixing upon Mr. Chamberlain as responsible for breaking up the Round Table Conference. — Died, aged 87, John H. Ileraud, poet and dramatist. 21. — In the House of Commons Mr. Dillon, who obtained leave to make a personal explanation, referred to Lord Hartington’s recent speech in the House, and declared that the charge that two gentlemen acting under his directions had gone about making speeches counselling assassination was abso- lutely false, lie thought he was entitled to ask the noble lord to furnish him with the particular dates and extracts of the speeches to which he alluded that he might convince him that his statement was entirely untrue. * — M. Schanabele, French Commissary at Pagny railway station, arresled by ihe German police when a few yards within the frontier, and imprisoned at Metz. He was released on the 29th. — The Budget introduced by Mr. Goschen. He stated that there was a surplus for the past year of ^776,000. The revenue for the ensuing year was estimated at ^91, 1 55»°°°» and the expenditure at ^90, 180,000. There would accordingly be a surplus of ,£974,000. He proposed to increase that ^100,000 by re- adjusting the duties on transfer of shares, &c. He proposed for the future to dislocate local loans from the national budget. The loans amounted to ,£37,200,000. lie would issue APRIL APRIL 1887 ^37,000,000 of Local Loan Stock at 3 per cent., cancelling a similar amount of the public debt, and keeping the accounts entirely apart for the future. He proposed to reduce the fixed charge for debt from ^28,000,000 to ^26,000,000, which would increase the surplus to ^2,700,000, and enable him to take one penny off the income tax, absorbing for the pre- sent year ^1,560,000. He would give farmers the option of being taxed on their actual profits rather than on an arbitrary line as to rent. The raising of the tax on tobacco had proved a fiscal mistake. He accordingly proposed to reduce the duty from 3s. 6d. to 3s. zd., and to prohibit by law the watering process, by which the dealer recoups himself for the in- creased duty. He proposed to increase the grant in aid of roads in England and Scotland by ^280,000, and the grant in aid of arterial drainage in Ireland by ^50,000. There would finally remain a net surplus of £ 300,000 in round numbers, 22. — -The Irish Land Law Bill read a second time in the House of Lords, after a debate extending over two nights. 23 . — The Queen, accompanied by Prince and Princess Henry of Battenberg, visited the monastery of the Grande Chartreuse ; the rule forbidding the entry of women, except reign- ing sovereigns, to its precincts being here relaxed by the Pope, as had been done pre- viously for the Empress of Brazil in 1875. — A grand convention of the Order of St. Michael and St. George, followed by a banquet held in St. James’s Palace (it being the anni- versary of the Order), in honour of the Queen’s Jubilee, — In the course of a speech at the annual dinner of the Press Club in the Free- masons’ Tavern, London, Lord Wolseley dwelt on the new army arrangements, and said that if any untoward event happened to us this year — and the horizon was certainly very dark just now — we should be able to place in the field two army corps and a divi- sion of cavalry — a force larger than England had ever had in the field since the days of Marlborough. Much yet remained to be done, and it was to be remembered that the present reforms were not being carried out with any wild notion of offensive operations, but because no sane general would for a moment undertake the defence of the country with a weaker force than he had mentioned. He would not say that the country was in danger of invasion, but it was open to invasion, and to refuse to prepare against such an even- tuality was as foolish as not to insure one’s house against fire because it had not been burned down, — Speaking at Stornoway during his northern tour among the c offers, Mr. Cham- berlain said he believed the crofters’ case demanded the immediate attention of the | Government. The land was a trust from the Almighty, and that trust must be considered to be unfulfilled so long as the land did not provide subsistence for the greatest possible number of human beings. They might rest assured that his influence would be con- tinuously directed to securing a remedy for their grievances. 24 . — Sir George Trevelyan, in answer to a correspondent, says he hopes shortly to be able to state in a public speech that he believes in the possibility of an intermediate Liberal policy between that of Lord Hartington with coercion and that of Mr. Gladstone with Home Rule. — Probate granted in London of the will of the late Victor Hugo, whose personal estate in England was declared at ^92,000. — Died, aged 62, Major-General John Dawson. 25 . — Debate on the Budget in the Com- mons, Mr. Gladstone severely criticised the proposals, especially those for reducing the annual payment for the redemption of the National Debt. The pi'oposals ultimately agreed to. 26 . — In the House of Commons, on the mo- tion for going into Committee on the Crimes Bill, Mr. Robert Reid moved that the House declines to proceed further with a measure for strengthening the criminal law against com- binations of tenants until it has before it the full measure for their relief against excessive rents in the shape in which it may pass the House of Lords. After prolonged debate the amendment was rejected, on the 28th, by 341 to 240 votes, and the House went into Com- mittee on the Bill next day. — Died, at his London residence, aged 73, Arthur, ninth Lord Kinnaird, M.P. for Perth 1837-9 and 1852-78, when he succeeded to the peerage. — Died, aged 78, the Right Hon. Sir John Mellor, Q.C., formerly Judge of the Queen’s Bench. 27 . — -Speaking at a dinner in the house of Mr. Armistead, Mr. Gladstone ridiculed the idea that Mr. Parnell should have written such a letter as that published in the Times. He had strong evidence in favour of the contention that the letter was a base and malicious forgery. At the time of the Phoenix Park murders Mr. Parnell, apparently foreseeing that he would be associated with the crime, had written to him offering to retire from the leadership of the Irish party and from public life if Mr. Gladstone, after consideration of the circum- stances, thought such a step desirable. Speak- ing at Manchester last night, Mr. Dillon said he believed that the immense demonstrations throughout the country were a sufficient answer to the vile charges which had been made in the Times. He protested against the Coercion 1607 APRIL MAY 1887 Bill because he believed it would force the Irish people into that condition of despair which bred crime and outrage. 27 . — Maharajah Dhuleep Singh and Mr. ratrick Carey, travelling together in Russia, bitterly denouncing the British Government, are made the object of many attentions on the part of the Panslavist party at Moscow. — Died, aged 72, Sir Hew Hamilton Dalrymple, sixth baronet. 30 . — The Prince of Wales announces, at the final meeting of the Colonial Exhibition Commissioners, that there was a surplus in hand of 7^35» 2 35- It was resolved to transfer £25,000 to the Imperial Institute, and £5,964 to the Executive Fund of the Inventories Exhibition. — The fine collection of modern paintings belonging to the late Mr. John Graham, Skel- morlie Castle, Ayrshire, sold by auction at Messrs. Christie, Manson & Woods’, London. The ninety-four lots realised £62,297, the last six lots fetching ,£24,120. — Died, aged 42, Edward Townley Hard- man, F.G. S., geologist. May 2. — The ceremony of cutting the first sod for the foundation of the Glasgow Inter- national Exhibition Buildings was performed to-day by Lord Provost King in presence of several thousand spectators. - — The remains of Rossini, which had been removed from the cemetery of Pere-la-Chaise, at Paris, reached Florence, and are received with great honours, in anticipation of their re-interment in Santa Croce. 3 . — Royal Jubilee Exhibition at Manchester opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales. — In the Commons a long and excited debate was initiated by Sir Charles Lewis, who called attention to an article in the Times of yesterday, in which Mr. Dillon was charged with wilful and deliberate falsehood in his speech on the 22nd ult. respecting his con- nection with P. J. Sheridan, and moved that the publication of the article was a breach of the privileges of the Plouse. Mr. Muntz seconded the motion, which was put by the Speaker. Mr. Dillon, who had only read the article about an hour before, asked what the course of procedure would be, as it would take him some time to look into the details and dates. Mr. W. II. Smith, who had not been aware that the question was to be raised, considered that the matter was too grave to be argued without notice and without consideration. He accordingly moved the adjournment of the debate. In a violent speech Mr. T. Ilealy declared that he had never heard a more outrageous proposition than this attempt to shirk the question, and close the mouths of the Irish members. Mr. Dillon expressed himself as perfectly prepared 1608 to answer the base and atrocious calumnies of the Times. After further discussion, the mo- tion for adjournment was carried by 273 to 174 votes. 3 . — Speaking at Glasgow, Mr. Chamberlain said that if Mr. Parnell shrunk from taking up the gauntlet thrown down by his accusers he placed himself in a position in which he was no longer a safe and proper ally for English statesmen. They had passed through the hottest of the fight, but their opponents had proceeded from one defeat to another, and he ventured to say they had still worse things in front of them. Mr. Gladstone by a single word could bring about the reunion of the Liberal party, but unless that word was spoken soon it would come too late to save the Liberal party from further disaster, and the responsibility would rest with the men who, while they preached loudly the doctrine of conciliation, would not lift even their little finger to give to it a practical application. — After two days’ trial, Mr. Brenon ob- tained ,£500 damages from Messrs. Ridgeway for a libel contained in a pamphlet published by them entitled “The I.R.B.,” (Irish Re- publican Brotherhood). 4 . — In the Commons to-day, on the order for the adjourned debate on Sir Charles Lewis’s motion, declaring the Times article, “Parnell- ism and Crime,” to constitute a breach of the privileges of the House, Mr. W. FI. Smith explained the views of the Government as to the course that should be taken. Acknow- ledging the gravity of the subject and the claim of the Irish members to have it fully and im- partially investigated, and at the same time considering the House to be unfitted to dis- charge a duty which usually falls to a court of justice, the Government proposed that the Attorney-General, coupled with any Queen’s Counsel the Irish members might select, should be instructed to prosecute for the alleged libel. Mr. T. P. O’Connor said his friends regarded the proposal as unfair, unjust, and unprece- dented. Sir W. Harcourt argued that the case was one for the judgment of the House itself. The Solicitor-General (Sir E. Clarke) moved that the Plouse does not consider that the words quoted constituted a breach of privilege, and declared that no precedent could be found to justify the appointment of a Committee in such circumstances as the present. Mr. Glad- stone afterwards gave notice that if Sir Charles Lewis’s motion were negatived he would move as an amendment to the proposal of the Go- vernment, that a Select Committee should be appointed to make inquiry into the charge of wilful falsehood contained in the Times article. — Speaking at Leeds, Lord Hartington said he had never disguised his opinion that recourse to the Crimes Act would be necessary after Mr. Gladstone had thrown down the bribe of Home Rule to Irish disaffection. Such a measure was required to put down the MAY MAY 1 887 intimidation and tyranny of the National League. There was no room in the British Empire for two Governments and two Execu- tives. Mr. Parnell and his friends had never disavowed the policy of public plunder which Mr. Gladstone attributed to them at Leeds five years ago, yet he now made them his allies. His lordship dwelt on the necessity of continuing the conflict with the parties thus arrayed against the Union, and expressed his confidence in the support of Yorkshiremen. 5 . — In the Commons, Mr. Gladstone moves that inquiry should be made by a Select Com- mittee into the charge of wilful falsehood made against Mr. Dillon by the Times. He said he was not justified, at the present stage at any rate, in moving for inquiry on a broader basis. The case was absolutely restricted to the charge against Mr. Dillon. As to the contention that there should be recourse to a court of law, there were many reasons to justify a refusal on the part of the Irish members. There was first of all the delay, and though for himself he believed that all the judges on the bench were to be trusted, yet if distrust were felt by any Irish member he would stand by him in his position. If the House decided against treating the matter as a breach of privilege, that alone would prejudice a jury, whom it also would be difficult to per- suade to do anything to restrict the liberty of the press. It appeared to him there was only one mode of treatment open to the House according to precedent, and that was the mode he proposed. He held that the House had placed itself traditionally under a moral obli- gation to accede to demands of this kind. The proposal of the Government to use the public purse for such a purpose was totally un- precedented and unwarranted. In no case had there ever been a prosecution without a previous condemnation by the House of the thing for which the person was to be pro- secuted. — The inquiry into the circumstances of the wreck of the Channel steamer Victoria off Dieppe resulted, after a long trial, in the censure of the captain, who had not taken proper care to verify his course. — The towns of Nagy Karaly and Eperies, in Hungary, almost totally destroyed by fire ; upwards of 300 lives lost and 5000 persons rendered homeless. At Eperies the Protestant inhabitants were preparing to celebrate the 200th anniversary of “ the Day of Slaughter,” when most of the Protestant citizens had been executed by order of the Austrian general Karaffa. — Died in Westbourne Park, aged 65, James Grant, novelist and military historian. G. — The Princess Beatrice, who was accom- panied by Prince Henry of * Battenberg, opened the Yorkshire Jubilee Exhibition at Saltaire. The weather was fine, and crowds lined the route from Milner’s Field, the resi- dence of Mr. Titus Salt, to the Exhibition, the streets being elaborately decorated and spanned with triumphal arches. The Princess was pre- sented with a gold key by Sir George Chubb, on arriving at the Exhibition, and unlocked the door of the new Science and Art Schools. She then made a tour of the picture gallery, the industrial section, and grounds, and de- clared the building open. 6. — In the course of the adjourned Privilege debate in the Commons, Sir Henry James repudiated the suggestion that our law courts were not trustworthy on account of political bias. He argued strongly against the appoint- ment of a Committee consisting of men who had already pronounced as to the untruth or truth of the charges, and whose conduct at that moment was an evidence of their unfitness to treat the matter impartially. Mr. T. Healy said that, knowing what they did of the feeling among the people of this country, they were not such fools as to submit their case to a British jury. The debate was continued by Colonel Saunderson and Mr. Fowler — who an- nounced that a telegram had just been received from Mr. Parnell saying that he was quite willing that the inquiry should be extended to the forged letter. After further debate, Mr. Gladstone’s amendment was negatived by 317 to 233 votes. 7 . — Addressing a company assembled to honour Mr. Goschen in the London Criterion, Lord Salisbury compared the present position in the House of Commons to the punishment of the treadmill, which was inflicted on the worst class of criminals. Ministers now were mainly called upon to listen to growling com- plaints of Irish disaffection, and he could not but believe that, after a time a consciousness of the melancholy farce that was being played would penetrate to the minds of the English people, and that they, by some sharp short expression of opinion, would put an end for ever to a state of things that made us look ridiculous in the eyes of the world. The great fallacy committed by the other side was that they ignored the fact that in Ireland there was not one nation but two, and the whole of the difficulties that had arisen came from the fact that there were two sections of the popu- lation in that country — one numerous and designing to oppress, and the other weak and with difficulty contending for its rights. The course upon which they were determined was to maintain the right of weak against strong, and freedom against criminal coercion, and that was the cause in which he was confident they would win. - — Died in Camden Square, London, aged 86, Samuel Cousins, R.A., an engraver of the highest standing, who continued the practice of his art till within a few months of his death. 1609 MA V 1 887 MAY 8. — Died, aged 6 9, Thomas Stevenson, C.E., son of Robert of Bell Rock fame, and author of “The Design and Construction of Lighthouses.” 9 . — The Queen came to London from Windsor, and received at Buckingham Palace the congratulatory address of the Corporation of the City of London. — The House of Commons had an all-night sitting (adjourning at 6.15 A.M. ), in the course of which the closure was applied twice and refused once in the debate on the Crimes Bill. — The American Exhibition at West Brompton formally opened by Colonel Plenry Russell, the president, in presence of a large number of spectators. The company afterwards witnessed the first performance of Buffalo Bill’s “Wild West Show.” — - Death announced, at the age of 88, of Sir William Young, ex-Chief Justice of Nova Scotia, one of the province’s greatest orators, scholars, and statesmen. 10. — The Queen attended a private repre- sentation of “ The Wild West,” given at the American Exhibition, South Kensington. 11. — The Royal Mining, Engineering, and Industrial Exhibition at Newcastle opened by His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge. The day was observed as a general holiday in the city and district, and a very large number of people came into the city to witness the procession passing through the streets to the Exhibition Buildings. His Royal Highness was afterwards entertained to luncheon by the Corporation, and in the evening he was the principal guest at a banquet given by Sir Wm. G. Armstrong at his city residence, Jesmond. — Speaking as the guest of Dr. Parker, City Temple Church, at a luncheon given to Nonconformist clergymen, Mr. Gladstone said he was perfectly prepared to contrast his pre- sent language in connection with the Irish party with the language he had used six years ago. It was then his conviction that the leaders of the Irish party were engaged in operations which, although they might have considered them justifiable and called for by the circumstances of the country, yet were of a blamable and ruinous character. He did say at the time that the footsteps of the Land League were, in his opinion, dogged by crime, that where the Land League went crime followed, and that they were marching through rapine to dismemberment. Those charges might have been warranted or they might have been unwarranted, they might have been exaggerated or they might have been justified by the circumstances of the case, but he be- lieved them then, and they were spoken with sincerity. He had said the other day that, 1610 so far as he knew, there had been no war- rant for charging the Irish party with crime. Six years ago he believed that their language was dangerous and that their plans were questionable, that they had a tendency to pro- tection of crime, but that was a thing totally different from complicity with crime ; and he declared that the language used by Colonel Saunderson, Lord R. Churchill, and Lord Salisbury on the subject of resistance to the law in Ireland in case of Home Rule passing was even more dangerous than the language of the Irish leaders. 11. — Josef Hofmann, a boy aged nine years, created great enthusiasm in Paris as a pianist in the public performance of a number of classical pieces. 12. — A Bill to enable the Duke of Con- naught to leave India for the purpose of attending the celebration of the Queen’s Jubilee in London, without forfeiting his Indian com- mand, was read a second time in the Commons by 318 votes to 45. — In the House of Commons the motion to reduce the cost of preparing Westminster Abbey for the Jubilee Service, viz., ^£17,000 to ,£2,000, negatived by 208 to 84. 13 . — Three per Cent. Consols were sold at 1035, the highest price recorded since their creation in 1751. The tradition survives, un- supported by conclusive evidence, that in 1 738 a similar stock was quoted at 107. — The Regency of Gwalior having decided to place its savings in the hands of the Indian Government, an agent of the financial depart- ment was sent to receive the treasure, which was found to be buried in large pits, covered with earth and pavement. Pit after pit was opened, when rupees to the value of five millions sterling were disinterred and con- veyed to Calcutta. 14 . — The Queen left Windsor at three p.m. for London in order to open the People’s Palace at Mile End. The whole route from Paddington, by way of Oxford Street, Hol- born, &c., to the palace was gaily decorated, and thronged by enthusiastic crowds. After the formal opening had taken place, a few amongst those who had especially interested themselves in the undertaking were presented to her Majesty, including Mr. Walter Besant, the author of “All Sorts and Conditions of Men,” a novel based on the realisation of a similar hall of amusement for the working classes, and Captain Spencer Beaumont, repre- senting the Beaumont Trust, out of the funds of which a large portion of the cost of the building was defrayed. On her return the Queen stopped at the Mansion House to take tea with the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress, and returning by the Ilolborn and Oxford Street route to Paddington, reached Windsor about 8 p.m. MAY 1887 MAY 14 -. — Mr John Morley, speaking at the annual dinner of the Cobden Club, held in the Ship Hotel, Greenwich, referred to the action of the T ivies newspaper towards Mr. Cobden, who refused to accept the onus of disproving certain statements made by that paper, and scorned any other court of appeal than that of public opinion. The country had a right to justify Mr. Cobden’s foresight in regard to Ireland, as thirty-five years had elapsed since Cobden’s pamphlet, and before steps were taken to raise Ireland from her condition of barbarism and lawlessness. — Died, aged 31, the Hon. Ion Grant Neville Keith-Falconer, Lord Almoner’s Reader in Arabic, Cambridge, third son of Francis, eighth Earl of Kintore. 16 . — II.R.H. the Princess Louise, repre- senting the Queen, opened the Liverpool Jubilee Exhibition. — Police Enfranchisement Bill read a second time in the Lords. — Addressing a dinner party of the Eighty Club, Sir George Trevelyan indicated: his wavering ideas on the present political situation by expressing an opinion that Liberal Unionists ought to have ascertained, before supporting the Tories, whether an; agreement could not be arrived at. Lord Salisbury had stated last month that Mr. Parnell had been publicly accused of conniving at murder, and that Mr. Gladstone was at the present moment opposing the Crimes Bill as unnecessary ; but Lord Salisbury had taken office by the vote of the Irish members, and liad refused’ to renew the former Crimes Bill after Mr. Forster had in 1883 charged Mr. Parnell with conniving at murder. If Lord Hartington and his followers returned to the Liberal camp they would in the long run have far more influence on the settle- ment of the Irish question, and the Liberal party, which wanted them back, would give any honourable price to get them. 17 . — IntheCommons, on the motion of Mr. W. H. Smith, seconded by Mr. Gladstone, it was unanimously agreed that in celebration of the fiftieth, year of Her Majesty’s reign the House should attend at St. Margaret’s Church, Westminster, on Sunday next. — On the Commons going into Commit- tee on the Crimes Bill, Sir William Harcourt moved as an, addition to the first clause a pro- viso that the power of examination should not apply to matters relating to public meetings or transactions relating to the letting, hiring, or occupation- of land, or the dealing with, working for, or hiring of any pen-ons in the ordinary course of trade, business, or occupa- tion. He said! that if the Government vould be content, to direct these inquiries against what was popularly understood as crime they might get on very fast with the Bill. He wanted the Government to make it clear beyond the possibility of contradiction that the right of 1611 combination of tenants with reference to land, which was their industry, should be placed on exactly the same footing as the right of com- bination of labourers with reference to their wages. The Chief Secretary said there was nothing going on in Ireland that caused more universal disgust and horror than boycotting, and he should not think the Bill worth pro- ceeding with if the offence of conspiracy to boycott were excluded from its operations. As to progress with the Bill, what the Govern- ment could not yield to argument they would not yield to obstruction. In the course of the debate Mr. Gladstone complained that boy- cotting had not been defined. By degrees the country would understand that there was to be a distinction between Irish and English labour, and the same protection would not be extended to the land trades union of Ireland as was extended to the labour trades union of England. The Attorney-General justified the refusal of the Government to define all the acts which constituted criminal conspiracy. After a lengthy debate the Committee divided, and Sir W. Harcourt’s amendment was nega- tived by 242 to 180 votes. Other amendments were then taken. 17 — The Home Secretary receives a deputa- tion of pit-brow women from Lancashire and Cumberland who desire to express their ob- jections to the amendments on the Coal Mines Regulation Bill preventing their obtaining work about the pits. Mr. Matthews said the deputa- tion had satisfied him that there was no need for legislation on the subject, and he would resist the amendments. — Mr. William O’Brien, presently on a tour in Canada, meets with a. hostile demonstration at Toronto, a large crowd collecting in front of His hotel and' hooting violently. Lord Lansdowne visited the theatre on the same evening, and was received' there with great enthusiasm, a crowd afterwards drawing his carriage to Government House, .where he made a speech thanking them for their loyalty. 13 .: — The London Gazette announced the issue of the “Jubilee coinage,!’ to be marked by a modification in the Queen’s profile, and by the introduction of a new coin — the double florin. — A Liberal Unionist meeting at Colston flail, Bristol, broken up in disorder. Sir Henry James stood up on the platform - to speak, but was unable to obtain a hearing owing to the cheering for Home Rule, and the singing of a small minority in the. body of the hall. An attempt was mnde to eject those causing the interruption, whereupon a rush was made for the platform. A resolution in favour of the Legislative Union was held to be carried, and the speakers left the hall. — ' Her Majesty announced as having con- ferred the honour of a baronetcy of the United Kingdom on the Lord Mayor of London, in S S * MAY 1 887 MAY token of the pleasure she had received through the late loyal welcome from the citizens, and in recognition of his own services. 18 . — Mr. M’ Arthur (Gladstonian) returned for the St. Austell division of Cornwall by 3,540 votes, against 3,329 polled for Mr. Brydges Willyams (Unionist). — At a meeting of the Eighty Club, called to determine its attitude towards Home Rule, 143 voted in support of Mr. Gladstone’s policy, against 55 Unionists. The minority subse- quently withdrew from the Club. — Mr. O’Brien, on attempting to leave his hotel in Toronto in order to proceed to Ottawa, is mobbed by a large crowd. Stones were thrown at the party, some of them being injured, and Mr. O’Brien had to escape down an alley and return to his hotel. The crowd afterwards destroyed the windows of a cigar shop in which Mr. O’Brien was believed to have taken refuge. 19 . — The Emperor of Russia received in great state at Novo-Tscherkask by the Don Cossacks, to whom he presented his eldest son as their Hetman. — Died, aged 78, Francisque Michel, an eminent writer upon philology and Anglo- Norman history. 22. — The Speaker of the House of Com- mons, attended by the two ex-Speakers, Viscounts Eversley and Hampden, and about 450 members of the House of Commons, proceed in state to a special service at St. Margaret’s, Westminster, in celebration of the Queen’s Jubilee. The sermon was preached by the Bishop of Ripon. Both the Arch- bishops and most of the Chapter of Westmin- ster attended. — The Crown Prince of Germany under- went a delicate operation to remove an obstruction in the throat which seriously impeded his power of speech.. 23 . — Dublin Corporation agreed by twenty- five votes to five not to take any part in the public proceedings in connection with Her Majesty’s Jubilee. — The sale of the French Crown jewels, which closed to-day, realised 7,207,252 francs. — Mr. O’Brien’s reception at Hamilton, as had been anticipated, was of a hostile nature, and it was even said that a deliberate plot existed to murder him. On leaving the hall where he had spoken to an audience of about 1,500 Irish sympathisers, eight shots were fired after the vehicle in which Mr. O’Brien was riding, but without effect, and he reached his hotel in safety. 24 -.— Died, aged 92, the Hon. .Sir Charles Cooper, late Chief Justice of South Australia. 1612 25 . — The Right Hon. Lord Coleridge, Lord Chief-Justice of England, addresses the mem- bers of the Glasgow Juridical Society in the Queen’s Rooms, the subject being “ Thoughts on the value of clear views upon the laws regulating the enjoyment of property.” His lordship was entertained to a banquet next day by the Glasgow legal profession. — The Opera Comique, Paris, destroyed by fire, which broke out during the performance of “Mignon.” The actual number of lives lost was never satisfactorily ascertained ; up- wards of eighty bodies were buried, the majority of the deaths having been caused by suffocation or by injuries incurred in attempt- ing to escape, whilst about forty-five persons were reported as missing. 26 . — The extensive stables of the Belt Line Street Car Company, New York, totally de- stroyed by fire. Sixteen hundred horses were burned to death, and nearly all the tram-cars in the premises destroyed. — Died, aged 87, the Ven. Frederick- Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, Lord Saye and Sele, Archdeacon of Hereford, and Canon of the Cathedral. 27 . — After restorations and rebuildings ex- tending over four years, the Lantern Tower of Peterborough Cathedral, which had shown signs of subsidence, completed and reopened to the public. 28 . — The Prince and Princess of Wales opened the new wing of the Deaconesses’ Institution and Hospital, named after Mr. Samuel Morley, and erected at the expense of his sons. — Disastrous explosion at Udston Colliery, lying between High Blantyre and Hamilton, this (Saturday) morning, by which seventy- three miners lost their lives ; a large number more were seriously injured, and many men, who were ultimately rescued, had their lives placed in jeopardy. At half-past six o’clock in the morning 158 men descended the mine to begin work, the usual inspection of the lamps taking place at the pit-head. Every- thing went well until half-past nine o’clock, when the workers on the surface heard a loud report from underground, and presently a large volume of flame and smoke shot with great velocity up No. I shaft, scorching the wood- work of the pit-head framing, and setting fire to some of the timbers. At No. 2 shaft the cage was blown up by the force of the explo- sion. In the afternoon Mr. Ralph Moore, II. M. Inspector of Mines, received a telegram from the Queen expressing sympathy with the sufferers, and stating that she hoped some of the men entombed might be rescued. Mr. Moore, in his telegram of reply, while thank- ing Her Majesty for her kindly feelings, had however to state that there was no prospect of any more men being got out of the mine alive. MAY 1 887 JUNE 29 . — Mr. William O’Brien arrived at Boston this (Sunday) morning and met with an enthu- siastic reception. In the evening he addressei a crowded meeting in the theatre, and declared that there had been kindled in Canada a blaze which would make Lord Lansdowne’s life upon his throne in Ottawa less enviable than that of the homeless peasants in Luggacurrat. Two thousand dollars were raised for the Eviction Fund. 30 . — The nineteenth annual Congress of the Co-operative Societies opened at Carlisle, under the presidency of Mr. G. J. Holyoake, one of the founders of the movement, and attended by about 500 delegates. — First stone laid of the Roman Catholic Cathedral at Peking, designed to take the place of the edifice overlooking the Emperor’s Palace. — Died, aged 64, Thomas Spencer Baynes, a distinguished logician, formerly Professor of Rhetoric and Metaphysics in the University of St. Andrews, and chief editor of the new or ninth edition of the “Encyclopaedia Britannica.” 31 . — The Sikh priests of the golden temple at Umritsuhr, having learned that the Maha- rajah Dhuleep Singh had openly lent himself to Russian intrigues, discontinued to offer the customary prayers for his welfare. — A destructive fire breaks out on the quays at Hamburg to-night. Over twenty railway trucks laden with goods were destroyed. An English vessel, the Gladiator , was burned to a complete wreck, and the City of Dortmund and the Progress , from Goole, were seriously damaged. June 1. —Presiding over a conference of the National Radical Union at Birmingham Mr. Chamberlain said that Liberal Unionists had hitherto been afraid of taking a forward movement lest they should injure the chances of conciliation, but this could not indefinitely continue. The time had arrived for a new departure. They could not join the Glad- stonians in a surrender to the Parnellites. No doubt they would be taunted with an alli- ance with Tories, but at least their allies would be English gentlemen, and not subsidised agents of a foreign conspiracy. The Govern- ment might be Tory, but if its measures were liberal he was prepared to discuss them on their merits. Old party names had lost their meaning. They might have to discard them, and find new ones better representing the facts of the situation. Mr. Chamberlain read a letter in which Lord Hartington complained that the only object of the Gladstonians seemed to be to retain at any cost the support of the Parnellites, to follow their leadership, and adopt their Parliamentary methods. 2. — The memorial erected by the Islay Association to the late John Francis Camp- us’ S 2 bell, who was chief and patron of the associa- tion for nearly a quarter of a century, and otherwise widely known in the field of High- land literature, unveiled at Islay by the Mar- quis of Lome. The monument, which is of grey granite, is over thirty feet in height. 3 . — The Emperor of Germany lays a stone to inaugurate a canal projected for connecting the North Sea with the Baltic. • — Died, aged 68, William Almon Wheeler, late Vice-President of the United States. 4 . — At Swansea, where he was sojourning as the guest of Sir Hussey Vivian, Mr. Glad- stone delivers two speeches having a marked effect on the present position of political parties. He spoke of public business as being still blocked by the Irish question. His Government, he said, had endeavoured to remove this block by remedying Ireland’s chief grievance, but the present Government, on the contrary, were increasing that block by a further invasion of the liberties of Ireland. He denied that he was responsible for the delay in the progress of the Crimes Bill. That delay was due to the mismanagement of the Government itself, and to the indisposition of Ireland to submit tamely to the lash. At a dinner in the evening Mr. Gladstone denied that he had made the exclusion of the Irish members from Westminster an essential part of his Home Rule scheme, and he also drew attention to the fact that he had previously stated his belief that a land scheme which did not raise the question of English credit was quite practicable. Little had been said on the question of Home Rule in recent months, because the subject had been barred by coercion, which, in its turn, was at one time in danger from the painful question raised by an attempt to ruin a man who possessed the confidence of five or six millions of Her Majesty’s subjects through the use of weapons which all right-minded men indignantly con- demned. The right hon. gentleman expressed his willingness to accept any invitation from Lord Hartington to a social conference having for its object the re-union of the Liberal party. He insisted that what he desired was a scheme which, while securing the supremacy of the Imperial Parliament and the unity of the Empire, would give the management of Irish affairs to a strictly Irish authority, accepted as such by the Irish nation. — The Cunard steamer Umbria completes the quickest Atlantic passage on record from Queenstown, her time being six days two hours aud thirty-seven minutes. — Mr. O’Brien’s refusal to attend the labour demonstration at New York this even- ing creates great commotion in local politics. The members of the Labour Union considered themselves affronted, and Mr. O’Brien’s action was freely denounced. Father M’Glynn, in the course of a speech, averred that Mr. O’Brien 1613 JUNE JUNE 1887 was himself a landlord at heart, and the only difference between him and Lord Lansdowne was that his figure was 10 or 20 per cent, lower. 5 . — Died at Upper Norwood, Edward Francis Harrison, C.S.I., of the Bengal Civil Service ; he held the appointment of Comp- troller-General of India for twelve years. 6. — The Council of the Society of Arts awarded to the Queen the Albert medal for the year “for distinguished merit in promoting arts, manufactures, and commerce.” — Mr. Gladstone presented with the free- dom of the borough of Swansea, and at the same time opened the new building of the Swansea Free Library. The Corporation and various local authorities, trade and benefit societies, marched in procession from the Town Hall about noon to the Free Library building to receive Mr. Gladstone, who arrived there from Singleton at half-past twelve. The freedom was presented in the chief room of the library, and when replying in declaring the library building opened, Mr. Gladstone re- ferred to the history of the free library move- ment, and its influence, in connection with education, in diminishing crime. 7. — The Marquis of Lothian, Secretary for Scotland, takes the oath of office as Keeper of the Great Seal before a full bench of Judges of the Court of Session. Thereafter he was pre- sented by the Solicitor-General with the Great Seal, and delivered a short speech, in which he said that the interests of Scotland were already looking to the office as their centre, and with greater hope for the future. His lordship was afterwards presented with the freedom of Edinburgh, Speaking at Cardiff on his return from Swansea, Mr. Gladstone admitted that while there might be a majority of what he termed Parliamentary England against his Irish policy, he expressed a belief that a decided majority of the people of national England was with him. He dwelt at length on the isolation of Parliamentary England not only in respect of sister nationalities, but the B itish colonies, the American continent, and European States. He believed that the English constituencies would now, if they had the opportunity, listen to the voice of reason and justice. In con- clusion, he urged that we should follow the example of other countries in granting auto- npmy to sister nations, and bring to an end the long, tragic, miserable tale which seven centuries had made up pf England’s treatment of Ireland. • — Two more evictions carried out on Colonel O’Callaghan’s estate of Bodyke, both of them with considerable opposition from the tenants. At the first house visited— -that of an old man named Patrick Macnamara, farm- ing about twenty acres — great trunks of trees 1614 had been placed endwise and the doorway and the windows blocked with bushes. The Sheriffs men attacked the house from behind with pickaxes, and when a hole was made they were assailed with pans of boiling meal and dirty water by the inmates, led by a niece of Macnamara’s named Johannah Kennedy, whose parents were evicted about forty years ago. A file of police entered the house first and arrested the inmates — Frank Macnamara, son of the tenant, his three sisters, and Miss Ken- nedy — but the women were afterwards released. Mr. Davitt witnessed the eviction, and after- wards complimented Miss Kennedy on her spirited defence of the house. The other evic- tion was that of Henry Murphy, a man with six children. Hot stirabout was here also flung on the crowbar men, and one was slightly scalded. This eviction concluded the day’s work, and the troops and police returned again to Fort Anne. 7 . — The old palace of the Archbishops of Canterbury at Croydon, together with a por- tion of the grounds, purchased by the Duke of Newcastle for presentation to an Anglican sisterhood. 8 . — On the Commons resuming considera- tion of the Criminal Law Amendment (Ireland) Bill, Mr. Healy moved to omit the preamble to the clause which said, “Whereas it is expedient to amend the law relating to the place of trial of offences committed in Ireland for receiving more fair and impartial trials, and for relieving jurors from danger to their lives, property, and business, be it enacted,” &c. The hon. gentleman said these were offensive and unnecessary words. Mr. A. J. Balfour replied that the Government, while they did not insist on every pait of this clause being passed without amendment, had always laid it down as one of the chief grounds of justifica- tion of this bill that a fair trial could not be obtained by juries in Ireland. A long dis- cussion, taken part in by Mr. John Morley, followed, and the amendment was ultimately rejected by a majority of 64. — Another operation on the throat of the Crown Prince of Germany performed at Pots- dam by Dr. Morell Mackenzie, who success- fully removed a portion of the growth. The Crown Prince, apparently c therwise in excel- lent health, was now preparing to set out for London to take his part in the Jubilee rejoicings. 9. — In the Commons Mr. W. H. Smith proposed to move an instruction to the Com- mittee on the Criminal Law Amendment (Ireland) Bill, the effect of which would be to name a period at which the Committee would report the Bill to the House. Mr. J. Morley and several other members complained of the sh ortness of the notice given, and in answer to questions Mr. Smith said he could not at that stage give the terms of the motion, nor could JUNE JUNE 1887 he state what period should elapse before the Bill should be reported. The House after- wards went into Committee on the fourth clause of the Crimes Bill. In the course of subsequent debate the cloture was once applied. Mr. Balfour intimated that the Government intended to withdraw the second sub-section of the clause dealing with the change of venue to England, and substitute trial by a Commis- sion of Judges. The sub-section was by leave withdrawn. 9. — An unusual ceremony witnessed at Els- wick Cemetery, Newcastle, to-day. Two Chinese sailors who had died from dropsy in the local infirmary were interred by their com- rades after rites usually observed on such occasions in China. What is known as “joss ” paper was scattered on the way to the Cemetery in order to purchase the happiness of the deceased in the next world, and, arrived at the grave, the mourners, forty in number, bowed their faces to the earth three times. — Serious fire at the Manhattan oil wharf at Silvertown on the banks of the Thames, which at one time threatened the destruction of 80,000 gallons of paraffin oil. By the efforts of the firemen the fire was isolated ; but although the tanks were saved enormous de- struction was done to other property. — Died, at his residence in Cadogan Man- sions, Sloane Square, aged 72, George J. F. Hatton, eleventh Earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham. 10. — In the Commons Mr. W. H. Smith moves that at 10 p.m. on Friday, 17th June, if the Criminal Law Amendment (Ireland) Bill was not previously reported from Committee of the whole House, the Chairman should put the question, clause by clause, that such clause stand part of the Bill, and that when this was done progress should be forthwith reported. Mr. Parnell moved an amendment, declaring that the House refused to grant the request of the Government, and contended that the Government were themselves their own ob- structors. The debate was continued by Sir William Harcourt, Mr. Goschen, and others. At ten minutes past eleven o’clock Mr. Smith moved “that the question be now put.” The question was then put when there voted — for the closure, 284; against, 167 — majority 117. The House then divided on Mr. Parnell’s amendment. The result was — for the amend- ment, 181 ; against, 301— majority for Govern- ment, 120. Two further amendments were proposed and rejected by large majorities, and the closure was again applied. The main resolution was then put to the House, when there voted — for the resolution, 245 ; against, 93 — majority for Government, 152. 11 . — Three hundred members of Parlia- ment visited Portsmouth to witness experi- ments with war-ships and torpedoes. 11 . — Continuation of Bodyke evictions, four more tenants being dispossessed of their hold- ings. Michael O’Callaghan, of Knockbreck, Peter Wall, Pat Lyddy, and Michael Hill were the four tenants put out, and a fifth, Thady Collins, of Lisbareen, near the house of O’Halloran, was spared in consequence of the illness of a married daughter. A most exciting scene occurred at Peter Wall’s house. Four girls and the tenant’s mother were in- side, and they maintained a stubborn resist- ance, showering buckets of hot water on the heads of the bailiffs. One of them attacked a policeman with a salmon gaff, while the others picked stones from the walls as the crowbar men demolished them and threw them out. The police eventually rushed in and over- powered the girls, one of whom returned with a bleeding cut on the head. 13 . — The House of Lords give judgment in the appeal from the decision of the Court of Session with reference to an alleged unautho- rised publication by Mr. Sime, bookseller, Glasgow, of lectures delivered by Edward Caird, Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow. The Sheriff-Substitute (Lees) granted interdict against the publication of the lectures, but the Second Division of the Court of Session recalled the interdict, holding that the publication did not constitute an in- fringement of any legal right of property belonging to Professor Caird. The House of Lords, by a majority, restored the decision of Sheriff Lees. — The centenary celebration of the Mary- lebone Cricket Club commenced at Lord’s Ground, under very favourable circumstances. — A large body of the Kentish constabu- lary suddenly called upon to preserve order at Chatham, where riotous demonstrations had broken out against the Jezreelites, a religious sect formed about two years previously by James White, a private soldier. 14 . — The jubilee yacht race round the British Isles started by the Prince of Wales at Southend in presence of a large concourse of spectators. Nine yachts sailed, and late in the afternoon Mabel was leading by three miles. Won on the 27th by Sir R. Sutton’s yacht Gcnesla, which completed the circuit of the United Kingdom (1,590 miles) in 12 days 16 hours and 55 minutes. — Speaking as the guest of the City of London Liberal Unionist Club, Mr. Chamber- lain said he rejoiced that the signs of the times were in favour of the Unionists, and that the game of lawlessness and disorder was up at last. The people were now examining Mr. Gladstone’s doctrines for themselves, and their faith in his judgment and patriotism had been rudely shaken. He was glad that further responsibility for negotiation at a Round Table had been shifted from him to Lord Hartington, in whom he had entire confidence. They had 1615 1 88; JUNE JUNE caused Mr. Gladstone to abandon his Home Rule Bill and his Land Bill, and this was a feather in the caps of the Unionists. They had been forced to support the present Govern- ment rather than accept the Parnellite yoke. Old reactionary Toryism was dead, and there were great and important questions upon which a national party could unite. 14 . — The Duchess d’Ale^on, Princess Sophie of Bavaria, and at one time betrothed to the late King Ludwig II., removed to a private asylum near Graz, her health having broken down under mental anxiety combined with diphtheria and scarlet fever. 15 . — The Reform Club celebrate the jubilee of the Queen and the jubilee of the club, which was opened fifty years ago, by a ball, at which 3,000 persons were present, including all the leading members of the Liberal party. — The Marylebone Club centenary match at Lord’s Ground, London, concluded to-day, when, as was almost inevitable, the England Eleven gained a most decisive victory, defeat- ing the M.C.C, by an innings and 1 1 7 runs. — Great panic in the Chicago wheat market, where prices had for some months been arti- ficially maintained by a clique. The “ring” lost upwards of three millions of dollars, some of its members being forced to go into liqui- dation. — At the sale of the Earl of Crawford’s library in London, the Mazarin Bible, known also as the Gutenberg Bible, the earliest book printed with movable metal types, in original oak boards, was sold for ,£2,650. — Mr. Carlisle Graham succeeded in shoot- ing the Niagara Rapids on a life-, aving raft of his own invention — of which the principal feature was a large barrel. Mr. Graham’s de- sire to ride outside the barrel was overcome by the authorities, and his journey inside was per- formed without the least hitch ; having passed through the eddy where Captain Webb lost his life, and having spun round the whirlpool, Mr. Graham came safely to land about three miles below his starting-point. 16 . — The Queen leaves Balmoral this morn- ing for the Jubilee Celebrations in London, being timed to reach Windsor early to-morrow. The Crown Prince and Princess of Germany arrived in London on the 15th. — Celebrations in honour of Her Majesty’s Jubilee being general throughout the kingdom, the occasion was also taken advantage of for the performance of numerous interesting cere- monials. — In the Commons, on the motion that the House go into Committee on the Crimes Bill, Mr. Dillon moved the adjournment of the sitting in order to call attention to the Bodyke 1616 evictions and the conduct of the police in carrying them out. Immediately the majority of the Conservative members present rose and left the House. The hon. member urged that the Government ought to grant an inquiry, so as to enable the Irish members to lay their statements before a Committee, and that the Committee might decide once for all whether the charges made were well founded. Mr. A. J. Balfour said his information was that the police had behaved well, and as for the evictions the Government was bound to act as it had done. The discussion was con- tinued by Mr. John Morley, Sir Wm. Har- court, and Lord Randolph Churchill, and a division was taken at one o’clock this morning, when the motion for adjournment was defeated by 246 votes to 165. 16 . — Died, aged 63, Theodore Walrond, C. B., Civil Service Commissioner. 17 . — The Prince and Princess of Wales laid the foundation-stone of a Home for Destitute Boys in St. Giles’s, to be called “ Shaftesbury House,” as a memorial of the distinguished philanthropist, and in commemoration of the Queen’s Jubilee. In the Commons several amendments to the sixth clause of the Crimes Bill were re- jected. Sir Charles Russell moved to leave out the clause altogether, and he was rpeaking at ten o’clock when the Chairman rose to put the question, and had to stop. Immediately afterwards the Irish members stood up. The Chairman said hon. gentlemen must resume their seats. He repeated the order three times, and each time there were cries of “No.” The Irish members then began to walk out of the House amid ironical cheers. The Chairman then said the question was that clause 6 stand part of the Bill, and he declared that the “Ayes” had it. A division was challenged, and the members left the House to vote. The Opposition was led by Mr. Glad- stone, who was loudly cheered as he led his followers into the “No” lobby. After having voted, the Gladstonian members walked out of the House. The result of the voting was — to add the clause, 332 ; against, 163 — majority for the clause, 169. The result was received with loud cheers. All the remaining clauses were added without any opposition. — Mr. William O’Brien arrives at Queens- town, on returning from his mission to Canada. In reply to an address, he said his mission had succeeded, and had turned Lord Lansdowne’s throne in Canada into a public pilloiy, where he stood wriggling and shivering under the scorn and contempt of the people he was sup- posed to govern. Mr. O’Brien was afterwards presented with the freedom of the city of Cork. In an address he said the Irish people in their struggles had the sympathy of the American people. JUNE JUNE 1887 18 . — Proclamation granting a free pardon to all deserters from military service who might report themselves to their commanding officers. — Hammersmith Bridge opened by Prince Albert Victor. — Inspection of the Tay Bridge by the Board of Trade authorities completed, and a certificate granted for the opening of the structure. Passenger traffic was accordingly commenced on the 19th. — Died at Cheltenham, Thomas Fiott Hughes, celebrated linguist, one of the two selected from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in 1848, to be sent as attaches to Constantinople. — In the Cambridge Classical Tripos ( p art i.), Miss A. Ramsay, of Girton (daughter of Sir .J Ramsay, of Banff), was placed alone in the first class — thus being Senior Classic of the year ; whilst two Newnham students were placed in the first class (part ii.). And in the Modern Languages Tripos, Miss Harvey, of Newnham, was placed second in the first class. 20. — The mayors, provosts, and high sheriffs of the kingdom entertained at the Mansion House by the Lord Mayor of London. — Preparation for to-morrow's proceed- ings in Westminster Abbey, every nook and corner of which was thor Highly searched for explosives by Major Majendie, and the building given over to the custody of the police, who kept strict watch over it until after the ceremonial. The scene in London to-night was described as one of the greatest possible animation, the thoroughfares on the route of the royal procession being up to midnight at many points so densely crowded that it was scarcely possible to move. 21 . — Jubilee Day. The Jubilee of Queen Victoria celebrated all over the world — in London, in the English, Scotch, and Irish provinces, in all the capitals of Europe, in Canada, the United States, Australasia, and all the British Colonies. The Royal procession and ceremony in London was favoured with brilliant sunshine throughout. From an early hour the West End thoroughfares contiguous to the route to be traversed by the Queen presented an unusually animated appearance, many persons passing the night in the streets in order to secure a position from which a view of the procession might be gained. Traffic was stopped at eight o’clock, by which hour Trafalgar Square was filled with car- riages and cabs conveying ticketholders to their various destinations. At this centre the large hotels and public buildings on all sides, as well as business premises, were decorated with flags, evergreens, and festoons, and as the troops detailed for duty in the streets took up their positions the scene was extremely brilliant. In the vicinity of Westminster Abbey great activity prevailed from seven o’clock in the morning until nine, many officers of the army and navy and high dignitaries of the Church presenting themselves at the doors, which were not, however, opened until a few minutes to nine. Then a merry peal was rung upon the Abbey bells, and gradually the people possessed of tickets made their way into the sacred edifice. Around Buckingham Palace in the forenoon there was great gaiety. Her Majesty rose early, as usual, and took walking exercise after breakfast with the Princess Beatrice. At a quarter past eleven the Royal procession defiled from the gates of Bucking- ham Palace for the Abbey. The Royal Princes on horseback escorting the Queen’s carriage formed a brilliant spectacle. The cheering as the Queen proceeded was tremendous and enthusiastic, and was repeatedly acknow- ledged by Her Majesty. All along the route the huzzaing and waving of handkerchiefs con- tinued until the Abbey was reached, about a quarter-past twelve. At the west door the ladies and officers of the Royal Household awaited the Queen. The officiating clergy were assembled in the nave, and immediately formed a procession. The Bishop of London, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the Duke of Westminster were followed by the Royal Princes. Then came the Queen and the Princesses. The ceremony, which was of: a most imposing character, lasted about an hour, and at its conclusion Her Majesty, still standing on the dais, received obeisance from all members of the Royal Family. In return she kissed each of them. The Queen was then supported by the Lord Chamberlain through the choir and down the nave to the west door, preceded by the Princes and followed by the Princesses. Her Majesty returned to Buckingham Palace by Whitehall and Pall Mall, amid renewed demonstrations of loyalty, which she acknowledged from her carriage by gracious smiles and bows. The pro- ceedings throughout were most successful, and passed off with only a single accident. After a short rest at Buckingham Palace, on returning from the thanksgiving service in the Abbey, the Queen reviewed the Naval Brigade, numbering 500 men, who came from Ports- mouth to furnish a guard of honour. In the evening Her Majesty gave a grand banquet to her guests, among whom were 64 Royal personages, while 132 covers were laid for the members of the Royal household. The health of Her Majesty was pledged at each table. At half-past ten the Queen held a reception of Ministers and other personages. 22. — The Queen, notwithstanding her ardu- ous duties of yesterday, received visits from numbers of her relatives and Royal guests, and at an early hour drove to St. James’s Palace and visited the Duchess of Cambridge. This visit was of very short duration, the Queen at once returning to Buckingham Palace, where she held a reception, at which she formally received the Jubilee presents sent from the JUNE 1 887 JUNE Foreign Courts and from the Colonies, as well as the gift of ^75, coo from the women of Great Britain, subscribed to by over three mil- lions of her subjects. This latter presenta- tion was made by Lady Stafford, who was accompanied by a deputation of 150 ladies. Among other gifts received by Her Majesty was that of the Royal Scottish Society of Painters, who sent an album of sketches by the members. In the evening the Queen left Buckingham Palace for Windsor, driving to Paddington by way of Hyde Park, where the Children’s Jubilee gathering Was being held. The bairns, numbering nearly 30,000, were massed along the central carriage-way, and raised hearty cheers when the Queen arrived. Her Majesty,, having presented one of the little ones with a memorial cup, drove slowly towards the station. From Paddington she travelled to Slough, where she left the royal* train, and was presented with an address. She then drove through Eton, where three addresses were presented, and on reaching Windsor unveiled a statue of herself on Castle Hill, in presence of a very large gathering. The statue was the gift of the inhabitants of Windsor to the Queen. Dr. A. C. Mackenzie’s Jubilee Ode was produced in the Crystal Palace, London, in presence of an immense audience. 23 . — The Jubilee festivities at Windsor werq continued to-day, the principal items being the feasting of over 7,000 children in the private grounds of the Home Park, where also a fire brigade demonstration afterwards took place, both being honoured by Her Majesty’s presence. At Aldershot a review of the whole garrison, followed by a sham fight, was held in the Long Valley, in presence of the Prince of Wales and the kings and princes at present in this country. Four Jubilee functions in which the Queen took part occurred in July, The first was a review of Volunteer corps, numbering 23,672 men, at Buckingham Palace (July 2). The second event was the laying of the foundation-stone of the Imperial Institute at South Kensington by Her Majesty (July 4). r l he third occasion was a review of troops at Aldershot (July 9). The march-past, which was performed by about 58,000 men and 102 guns, occupied two hours and three-quarters. The fourth and chief event was a grand naval review at Spithead (July 23). The Queen, on board the Victoria and Albert , passed through a fleet of 135 ships of various descriptions, moored in three columns, each ship firin ' twenty-one guns as the royal procession passed. At night the whole fleet was illu- minated. 24 . — Her Majesty’s letter of thanks to her people, forwarded from Windsor to the Home Secretary. “ I am anxious,” wrote Her Majesty, “to express to my people my warm thanks for the kind, and m re than kind, re- ception I met with on going to and returning from Westminster Abbey with all my children and grandchildren. The enthusiastic reception I met with then, as well as on all these event- ful days in London, as well as in Windsor on the occasion of my jubilee, has touched me most deeply. It has shown that the labour and anxiety of fifty long years, twenty-two of which I spent in unclouded happiness, shared and cheered by my beloved husband, while an equal number were full of sorrows and trials borne without his sheltering arm and wise help, have been appreciated by my people. This feeling and the sense of duty towards my dear country and subjects, who are so insepa- rably bound up with my life, will encourage me in my task, often a very difficult and arduous one, during the remainder of my life. The wonderful order preserved on this occasion, and the good behaviour of the enormous multi tudes assembled, merits my highest admira- tion. That God may protect and abundant!; bless my country is my fervent prayer. — Victoria R. and I.” • 1618 INDEX A. Aberdeen — Duthie Park opened, 1435. freedom to Earl of Aberdeen and Sir R. Cross, 1439- antiquarian discovery, 1535. Aberdeen, Earl of, 1439, 1480, 1515. at Leith, 1574. Ackworth Schools centenary. 1313. Adam, W. P., on Disestablishment, 1309. Afghanistan — Abdul Rahman Ameer, 1340. Battle of Maiwand, 1341. additional troops, 1343. Battle of Candahar, 1343. review of troops, 1347. debate in Lords, 1351, 1354. evacuation of Candahar, 1356. Ameer enters Herat, 1363. FrontierCommission, 1457, 1458, 1468. Russians on frontier, 1446, 1448, 1450, 1454, 1464 1465. 1466. Ameer at Rawul Pindi, 1465. Ayoub Khan, arrest of, 1466. Russians enter Penjdeh, 1516. Ajax , accident, 1595. Albany, Duchess of, 1405, 1426. Albany, Duke of, opens Firth College, 1319 marriage, T374 at Birkbeck Institute, 1414. death, 1446. funeral, 1447. birth of son, 1452, 1458. bust in Esher Church, 1458, remains removed, 1473. Memorial, 1516. Albert Victor, Prince, 1344, 1386. at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1421. receives Garter, 1433. majority of, 1460. at Whittington Home, 1462. a Freemason, 1464. Master of Middle Temple, 1471. freedom of City to, 1473. at Cambridge, 1515. at Edinburgh, 1530. Aldershot — shooting accident, 1568. Jubilee review, 1618. Alexander III. of Scotland, 600th an- niversary, 1519. Alice, Princess — illness, 1299. death, 1300. the Queen, 1301. Alison, Sir A., 1437. All Hallows’ observances, 1331. Allsopp Company, 1592. Alpine accidents— Prof. Balfour, 1384 Mr. Gablett. 1386. Wm. Penhall, 1386. American mail dispute, 1580, 1581, 1583, 1592. Andorra, revolution in, 1349. Angra Pequena, 1452. 1619 Annandale Peerage case, 1311. Arctic Exploration — Eira (Leigh Smith), 1386. Greely Expedition, 1450. Jeannette, 1365. Argyll, Duke of— on Liberal party, 1475. in Dundee, 1496 on Home Rule Bill, 1545. marriage of, 1559. Arica blockaded, 1331. Arms report, 1602. Army — territorial organization, 1355- reserves called out, 1385, 1463, 1465. 71st colours restored, 1399. beards allowed, 1518. smoking allowed, 1536. Arundel Church dispute, 1316, 1336. Asia Minor affairs, 1321. Assam, disturbance in, 1319. Assassinations — General Mezentsoff, 1293. Mehemet Ali, 1294. King of Italy, 1298. Kraptokine, Prince, 1305. Drenteln, Gen., 1308. Shereef of Mecca, 1331. President of Uruguay, 1560. M. Bratiano, 1566. Astrakan, plague in, 1304. Atalanta , report on, 1350. Athanasian Creed debate, 1315. Australasia — annexation in, 1461. Australia — International Exhibition, 1345. export of fruit, 1534. gold at Kimberley, 1534. Austria — occupies Bosnia, 1292, 1296. treaty with Prussia, 1304. Empress of, T305. silver wedding, 1309. Count Andrassy resigns, 1316, 1318. movement of troops, 1317. Empress at Windsor, 1330. military budget, 1597. marriage of Crown Prince, 1357. fire at Ring theatre, 1365. Hapsburg celebrations, 1398. Jews in Hungary, 1429. ice accident on Theiss, 1444. Avalanches — Alpine, 1461. Jungfrau, 1310. Villack, 1307. Aylesford peerage, 1473. B. Bacchante, cruise of, 1344, 1386. Bacon, Vice-Chancellor, resigns, 1578. Balfour, A. J. — Rector of Aberdeen, 1580. on Crimes Bill, 1601. Ballooning — Death of Mr. Powell, 1365. Rescue of Brine and Simmons, 1370. Ballooning, continued — Col. Burnaby, 1372. steering balloon, 1380. M. J. Simmons, 1429. Capt. Mayet, 1401. Sir C. de Crespigny, 1429. Mr. Renard, 1452. at Suakim, 1465, Fete at Guines, 1469. Bangor, Welsh College at, 1432. Baring, Mr. E., 1472. Barry, Dr., Bishop of Sydney, 1429. Barry, Lord Justice, 1419. Battenberg, Prince Henry — marriage, 1477. naturalized, 1479. son born, 1580. opens •Yorkshire Jubilee Exhibition, 1609. Battenberg, Prince Louis — marriage of, 1448. Bavaria, Princess, 1616. Bavaria — Suicide of King Louis, 1541. Bavarian , infernal machines on board, 1359- Bayonets, defective, 1594. Bazaine, Marshal, stabbed, 1606. j Beaconsfield, Earl of — on Berlin Treaty, 1291. invested with Order of the Garter, 1291. banquet to, 1291. freedom, City of London, 1292. at Guildhall, 1298, 1315. gift from California, 1300. declines Turnerelli wreath, 1312. freedom of Grocers’ Company, I 3 I 3- at Aylesbury, 13x7. at Mansion House, 1321. announces Dissolution, 1330. resigns, 1332. Cabinet Council, 1333. at Windsor, 1335. at Bridgewater House, 1335. Endymion published, 1348. death, 1355. funeral, 1356. Queen's memorial to, 1370. bust at Guildhall, 1392. statue unveiled, 1413. Liverpool statue, 1442. Beatrice, Princess — at Aberdeen, 1435. engagement, 1459. marriage grant, 1468, 1474. marriage, 1477. Bedford — shooting affray at, 1427. Beer and Spirit duties, 1470. Belgium — Brussels Palace of Justice, 1437. formation of Congo State, 1468. railway celebrations, 1484. Socialist riots, 1519, 1520. Bell's Life stoppage, 1535. Belt bankruptcy, 1599. Bellerophon, H.M.S., 1516. T T* INDEX. Ben Nevis Observatory, 1433, 1437. hotel, 1474. “Bend Or" dispute, 1336. Benson, Dr. E. W., Archbishop, 1398, 1406. Berlin Conference, 1339, 1343. panic in Opera House, 1391. Bermuda, storm in, 1343. Bernhardt, Sarah, 1312, 1338. Bessemer, Sir Henry — knighted, 1312. receives freedom of City, 1345. Bible Revision, 1469. Bickersteth, Bishop cf Exeter, 1462. Bickersteth, Bishop of Japan, 1512. Bicycle ride from San Francisco to Shanghai, 1579. Birmingham — ■ Science College, 1345. musical festival, 1388, 1484. manufacture of explosives, 1410, 1411. Union Bank frauds, 1429, 1436. Sir Wm. Thomson in, 1436. Aston Park Riots, 1455. Memorial to Col. Burnaby, 1495. museum, 1500. returns seven Liberals, 1503. Bismarck, Prince, at Vienna, 13x8. Blackburn, Lord, resigns, 1583. Blackie, Prof., 1577. Blomfield, Bishop cf Colchester, 1382. Boat racing — Hanlan on Tyne, 1373. Boehringer, pastor of Basle, excom- municated, 1305. Bolivia, church lands, 1328. Bounty mutineers, 1356. Bowen, Lord Justice, 1381. Boyne anniversary, 1553. Bradford, fall of chimney, 1398. Bradford Free Library, 1584. Bradlaugh, Mr., affirms, 1339. excluded, 1356, 1360, 1368, 1369, 1411. action against Sergeant-at-arms, 1377, 1427, 1444. committed for trial, 1384. Trafalgar Square meeting, 1429.- Attorney-General’s action, 1450. motion for new trial 1459. on Trafalgar Square riots, 1516. Bradley, Dr., Dean of Westminster, 1361. Breadalbane, Marquis of, 1475. Brechin, Bishop of, 1567. Bribery, alleged, Joseph Arch against Lord H. Bentinck, 1603. Bright, Right Hon. John — at Birmingham, 1309, 1319. on India, 1315. land holding in Ireland, 1326. seventieth birthday, 1364. retires from Ministry, 1384. Lord Rector of Glasgow, 1347, 1408. opens new infirmary at Rochdale, 1402. 25th anniversary of election, 1421. at Leeds, 1437. on Henry George, 1443. letter to Mr. Caine, 1545. election address, 1545. letter to Mr. Rylands, 1546. a D.C.L. of Oxford, 1548. returned for Birmingham, 1549,1550. on Gladstone, 1551, 1582, 1586. on Welsh Church, 1586. Bristol, Colston’s day, 1364. British Museum, new block, 1390. Broadmoor, attempted murder in, 1381. Buccleuch, Duke of, Chancellor of Glasgow University, 1309. testimonial to, 1430. Buckstone rocking stone, 1471. Buda Pesth celebration, 15(4. 1620 Budgets — 1879—1308. 1885—1467. Bulgaria, revolution, 1309, 1312, 1313, i486, 1487, 1540, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, i57i» 1576, 1577- war with Servia, 1487, 1498, 1499, 1500, 15x6. Burdett-Coutts, Baroness- marriage, 1353. at Westminster Town Hall, 1372. Burglaries — Dalston, 1396. Highfield House, 1382, 1389. Hoxton, 1452. Netherby Hall, 1492, 1495. Notting Hill, 1476. Burmah — ■ threatened “rising”, 1318, 1567. declaration of war, 1496. advance on Mandalay, 1496, 1497, 1501. surrender of Thebaw, 1499, 1500. disturbed state of Upper Burmah, 1504. annexation proclaimed, 1506. fire in Mandalay, 1526. death of Gen. Macpherson, 1573. Gen. Roberts in command, 1573. Burnaby, Col. — ballooning, 1372. death, 1461. memorial, 1495. Burne-Jones, Mr. E., 1470. Burnley Hospital, 1572. Burns, Robert — cottage, 1345. relics, 1430. celebration, 1559. Butcher, Prof. S. H.. 1390. Butler, Dr. H. M., Dean of Gloucester, 1462. appointed master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1575. Butt, Mr., Judge in Admiralty Court, 1409. Butterfly swarms 1312. C. Cabul. (See India.) Cadogan, Earl, admitted to the Cabinet, 1606 Caledonian Bank, 1298, 1299, 1313. Call, Sir W. M., arrested, 1582. Cambridge University — last Wrangler, 1368.. Peterhouse celebrations, 1459. Selwyn College opened, 1391. Ridley Hall opened, 1391. Miss Perrin, Wrangler, 1422. Miss Ramsay, Senior Classic, 1617 Camoens celebration, 1337. Campbell, Mrs. A., accident to, 1590 Campbell, J. F., memorial unveiled at Islay, 1613. Canada — breakwater at Belle Isle, 1347. railway in Newfoundland, 1382. Lord Lansdowne, Governor-General, I4U. 1437. 1438- departure of Li rd Lome, 1438. British Associatk n, 1453. militia tendered for garrison duty in England, 1462. revolt in Manitoba, 1465. Louis Riel rising, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1480, 1470, 1491, 1497- capture of Big Bear, 1474. Pacific Railway, 1493. Premier on Federation, 1506. Parliament on Home Rule, 153c. new fortress, 1568. Imperial Institute, 1569. visit of W. O’Brien, 16x1, 1612, 1613, 1616. Canadian Pacific Railway, 1551. Canal, Dutch, 1309. Canterbury — cross presented to Archbishop, 1467. Cape Colony — Sir Bartle Frere recalled, 1341. Sir H. Robinson, Governor, 1342. Cardiff, docks at, 1430, 1601. Carey, Lieut., case of, 1316. Carlingford, Lord President, 1408. Carlyle, Thomas, statue to, 1392. Carmarthen, quarry accident, 1459. Carnarvon, Lord — meeting with Parnell, 1540. on Home Rule Bill, 1542. Carnegie, Andrew, gift to Edinburgh, 1565-. Carrier pigeon experiment, 1318. Cart, river, widening, &c., begun, 1596. Caswell murders, 1316. Catholic celebration at Berne, 1316. Cavendish, Lord F., statue to, 1473. Cenci, performance of, 1532. Census 1881, 1354. Chamberlain, Right Hon. J. — at Glasgow, 1319. on duty of Radicals, 1425. at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1443. on House of Lords, 1455. at Birmingham, 1460. at Hull, 1480. at Glasgow, i486, at Bradford, 1488 interviewed by unemployed, 1491. at National Liberal Club, 1508. resignation, 1520. on Hoire Rule Bill, 1531. Bolton letter, 1570. at Stornoway, 1607. at Glasgow, 1608. guest at Union Club, 1615. Chambers’ s Journal jubilee, 1368. Chambers, Wm. — baronetcy, 1416. death, 1417. Channel Tunnel, 1383, 1384, 1422, 1423. Charities, proposed taxation of, 1314. Charnwood Forest Railway, 1466. Chatham Dockyard, naval designs in- vestigatic n, 1598. Chelmsford, Lord, G.C.B., 1317. Chess championship, 1517. Chess tournament, 1421. Children, cruelty to, at Deptford, 1318. Chili, naval engagement, 1310. China — Shanghai mill, 1305. new ambassador, 1307. trial of Russian ambassador, 1331. Peking cathedral, 1613. Chinese vessel in Thames, 1365. peace with France, 1465. introduction of railways, 1450. capture Bhamo, 1459. Admiralty Board, 1490. envoy in London, 1528. Chinese funeral at Newcastle, 1615. Cholmondeley estates offered fi~r sale, 1555- Church Patronage Report, 1320. Churchill, Lord R. — election address, 1544. at Birmingham, 1495. at Beaconsfield Club, 1525. at Bayswater, 1513. at Belfast, 1515. financial proposals, 1564. Belfast speeches, 1564. on Protestant Alliance, 1566. at Dartford, 1570. Chancellor of Exchequer. (See Table of Administrat.ons.) London dues, 1579. resign*, 1586. at Paddington, 1602. INDEX, Clarke Sir A. — freedom of City of Liverpool con- ferred upon, 1587. Clarkson, Thos., memorial, 1364. Cleasby, Judge, retires, 1302. Cleopatra’s “ second” needle, 1323. Clifton bridge suicides, 1504, 1512. Clyde, defence of, 1474. Coins, foreign, importation of, pro- hibited, 1601. Cole, Constable, 1465. Coleridge, S. T.— bust in Westminster, 1468. Coleridge Lord-~ Lord Chief Justice, 1348. opens new Law Courts, 1399. in America, 1432, 1437. in Glasgow, 1612. Colliery accidents — > Abercarne, 1294. Aberdale, 1472. Abram, Wigan, 1366. Altham, 1439. Baxterley, Warwickshire, 1375. Belgium, 1598. Clay Cross, 1393. Clifton Hall, 1472. Coedcae, Rhondda, 1368* Crotch, 1595. Dean Lane, 1563. Elmore, 1581. Fair Lady Pit, Hanley, 1325. Ferndale, 1505. Gartsherrie Works, 1291. H igh Blantyre, 1313. Hochin, Tredegar, 1456. Houghton Main, 1586. Kearsley, 1323, Leaham, 1344. Leycett, 1317. Lievre (France), 1,460. Mono, 1309. Pen-y-Gra»g, 1348. Rhondda Valley, 1302. Risca, 1340. Silkstone, 1570. Udston, Hamilton, 1612. Wharncliffe, Carlton, 1437. Wheal Agar, 1430. Woodend, 1559. Total for 1885, 1505. Collieries, shot-firing in, 1503. Collisions at sea — Albicore and Kalafish, 1484. Arizona , 1321. Ava and Brenhilda , 1310. Brenda and Dolphin , i486. British Commerce and County of Aberdeen , 1414. Cheerful and Hecla, 1477. Chelydra and Holmstrand , 1459. Cimbria and Sultan , 1399. Constantia and City of Antwerp, i 39 i- Defence and Valiant, 1452. Dione and Camden, 1452. Douro and Yrurac Bat, 1372. Fidele , 1500. Holyhead and A lhambra , 1438. Kapunda and Ada Melmore, 1597, 1604. Kirby Hall and City of Brussels, *399- Laxam and Gijon , 1452. Mayflower and Valhalla, 1384. Minerva and Borderer , 1575. Moel E'ilian and Pomerania, 1298. Mona and Rita, 1429. Oncle foseph and Ortigia, 1348. Pomona and State of Florida, 1448. Princess Alice , 1293. St. Germain and Woodburn , 1432. Severn, 1307. Stanley and Eleanor, 1460. 1621 Collisions at sea, continued — Strathdee and Buenos Ayrean, 1404. Sultan at Lisbon, 1586. Waitara and Hurunui , 1423. Colonial Conference, 1603. Colonies, Federation of, 1452. Colours, presentation of, to 1st Batta- lion 7th Royal Irish Fusiliers, 1565. Colston Hall Meeting, 1611. Commons, all night sitting, 1610. Compton, Bishop, 1512. Connaught, Duchess of, 1399. birth of daughter, 1519. Connaught, Duke of — marriage, 1291, 1307. opens Victoria Dock, 1338. returns from Egypt, 1393. Congo, annexation at, 1462. New Free State, 1468. Conservative Associations, Annual Conference (1886), 1574. Consols, price of, 1610. Cook, Captain, centenary, 1305. Co-operative Congress, 1470, 1613. Copeman’s patent raft, 1438. Corea, insurrection in, 1458. Cornthwaite, Bishop, 1304. Costermongers, Queen of, 1443. Cotopaxi, eruption of, 1478. Cowper, Earl — on Franchise Bill, 1453. on Home Rule, 1505. Coventry, Lady Godiva, 1429. Craik, Mr. Henry, Scotch Education Secretary, 1484. Crarae quarry disaster, 1568, 1569. Crawford, Earl, remains stolen, 1365, 1371, 1384, 1423. Cremation, 1465. Cremona varnish, 1597. Cricket matches — Australians at Crystal Palace, 1345. England and Australia, 1560. Marylebone Club Centenary, 1615, 1616. Crofter agitation, 1373, 1408, 1416, i4*9> 1457* I 459> I 520> 1555, i559> 1574, 1594- . Crofter commission, 1485, 1572. Croke, Dr., Archbishop, 1418. Cross, Sir R. — at Aberdeen, 1439. Croydon, charter to, 1416. Croydon Palace purchased, 1614. Cruikshank, George — death of, 1262. buried at Kensal Green, 1262 re-interred in St. Paul’s, 1301. Crystal Palace — Eighth Handel Festival, 1422, 1423. Cumberland, Duke of, marriage, 1301. Cumming, Dr., resigns, 1315. Cyprus, occupation of, 1291, 1296, 1297, 1307. D. Dalkeith, accident to Earl of, 1566, 1569. Darlington Free Library, 1492. Dartmoor revolt, 1347. convict plots, 1391. Darwin, Charles, statue of, 1471. Davidson, Dean of Windsor, 1416. Delawarr, Lord, portrait, 1399. Demonstrations, rival, 1319. Denmark — • Queen Isabella’s remains, 1417. Christianborg, 1454. marriage of Prince Waldemar, 1491. Derby — • Bass memorial, .1490.. Derby, centennial, 1311. dead heat, 1449. Derby, Earl, secession of, 1331. at Liverpool, 1366. Dhuleep Singh in Russia, 1608, 1613. Diamond making, 1328. Dilke, Sir C., at Paisley, 1438. Disestablishment — Gladstone on, i486, opposition to, 1491, 1518. address to Mr. Gladstone, 1494. association for, 1496, 1518. Distinguished Service Order, 1577. Dixie, Lady Florence, 1408, 1410. Douglas, Bishop A. G., 1415. Dover, review, 1604. Dowden, Bishop, 1559, 1567. Drake, Sir F., statue, 1435. Driver, Prof. S. R. 1392. Drownings — Boulogne, 1318 Carlisle, 1569. Leader family, 1572. Mersey (engineers) 1575. Sandwich, 1417. Dublin — St. Stephen’s Green, 1341. accident at cathedral, 1390. freedom conferred on Dillon, 1366. Queen’s University, 1368. freedom to Parnell and Dillon, I 3?7 ; * . Exhibition opened, 1387. police agitation, 1388. Carey removed from Town Council, 1406, 1422. municipality insult Queen, 1460. municipality and Prince of Wales, 1460. a city flag altered, 1470. change of street names, 1475. Sullivan Lord Mayor, 1506. Duels — Boulanger and Larienty, 1554. Rochefort and Koechlin, 1336. Dufferin, Lord, entertained, 1305. Viceroy of India, 1454, 1457, 1459. Dumbarton Public Park, 1470. Scottish N.S.S. Convention, 1488. Dundee, Baxter College, 1436. University, 1584. Dundonald, Earl of, 1307. Dunraven, Earl, resigns, 1593. explanation, 1595- Dynamiters, 1570. E. Earthquakes — Algeria, 1502. Argyllshire, 1348. Cashmere, 1471. Chio, 1355. Costa Rica, 1371. Eastern Counties, 1448. Greece and Italy, 1563. Holland, 1293. Ischia, 1354, 1428. Lake District, 1473. Riviera, 1596, 1598. Smyrna, 1436. Spain, 1459, 1460. Switzerland, 1352. Eastbourne, Princess Alice Hospital, 1425- Eddystone new light, 1358, 1380, 1391- Edghill, Rev. J. C., 1460. Edinburgh — Courant stopped, 15131 Exhibition, 1530. freedom to Lord Rosebery, 1427. Heriot’s Hospital, 1488. Market Cross, 1498. T T 2 * INDEX. Edinburgh, continued — New Infirmary, 1319. restoration of St. Giles, 1417, 1440. St. Mary’s Cathedral, 1319. Students’ Fancy Fair, 1581. University celebrations, 1447. Edinburgh, Duke of, 1603. at Eddystone, 1391. in Dublin, 1453. Education — inspection of schools, 1508. Educational Report, 1385. Egypt— . concessions, 1293. Rivers Wilson, 1295, 1308. riot at Cairo, 1305. abdication demanded, 1312. Ismail deposed, 1313. revolt at Cairo, 1361, Collective Note to Khedive, 136 7. fleet at Alexandria, 1379. Arab rising, 1381. bombardment of Alexandria, 1383, 1384. more troops sent, 1385, 1386. Suez occupied, 1386. troops land at Alexandria, 1386. Port Said occupied, 1387 battle of Kassassin, 1388. battle of Tel-el-Kebir, 1389. capture of Cairo, 1389. thanksgiving, 1390. sacred carpet ceremony, 1391, 1394. return of troops, 1391, 1392. Lord Dufferin at Cairo, 1393. trial of Arabi, 1396. new liquidation law, 1340. Arabi exiled, 1399. cost of Expedition, 1406. murder of Prof. Palmer, 1406. medals to soldiers, 1407. departure of Lord Dufferin, 1415. trial of rioters, 1421. cholera in Damietta, 1424. cholera at Cairo, 1427, 1428, 1433. trial of mutineers, 1433. defeat of Hicks Pasha, 1439. defeat at Tokar, 1440. resignation of ministry, 1443. Gen. Gordon sent to Soudan, 1443. Debt Commission, 1459. defeat of Baker Pasha, 1444. Gen. Gordon at Khartoum, 1444. Trinkitat, battle of, 1445. Tokar, relief of, 1445. Khartoum besieged, 1446. Tamai, battle of, 1446. Berber captured, 1450. Lord Northbrook in Egypt, 1452. murder of Colonel Stewart, 1455. Lord Wolseley leaves for Khartoum, 1454 - Nile Expedition at Korti, 1459. Abu Klea, 1460. Metammeh, 1461. Fall of Khartoum, 1461, 1462. Kirbekan, 1462. More troops sent, 1463, 1464. Suakim, battle at, 1465. Lord Wolseley at Suakim, 1467. proposed advance on Khartoum, 1473 - Lord Wolseley leaves, 1474, 1475. Loan, 1478. Surrender of Kassala, 1479. Bosphore Egypt ieu, 1485. Defeat of Arabs at Korheh, 1505. Suakim evacuated, 1532. Soudan Conference, 1539. Elections — Municipal, 1392. Elections (Parliamentary) — of 1880, 1332, 1333. of 1885, 1498, 1499, 1 S02, 1S03. of 1886, 1542, 7547, 1548, 1553, 1559, cost of. I 596. 1622 Elections (Parliamentary), continued — Argyllshire, 1293. Barnstaple, 1328. Burnley, 1595. Cambridge University, 1395. Chelsea, 1399. Dublin County, 1405. Glasgow, 1314. Hastings, 1424. Ilkeston, 1601. Liverpool, 1328. Mallow, 1401. Meath, 1369. Mid-Lothian, 1499. Monaghan, 1425. Newcastle, 1405, 1513. Norfolk, 1603. Northampton, Bradlaugh,thud time, 1370 - North Riding, 1367. Portarlington, 1406. St. Andrews, 1514. St. Austell, 1612. Salisbury, 1394. Sheffield, 1323. Sligo, 1431. South Edinburgh, 1511. Southwark, 1328, 1371. Taunton, 1368. Westmeath, 1406. Wigan, 1396. Woodstock, 1473. York, 1441. Electric launch, 1427, 1565. life-saving, 1596. lighting, 1310, 1319. tramway, 1435. Electricity, suicide by, 1463. Elwyn, Canon, 1472. England, Church of— new bishoprics, 1305. Erskine, Mr. H. D., sergeant-at-arms, 1478. European Assurance Society, 1317. Excommunication in Norfolk, 1479. Executions — Brown and Whelan, 1535. Flynn and Higgins, 1399. Fury, 1379. Guiteau, 1382. Goodale, 1501. Kelly bushrangers, 1338. Lamson, 1374. Lee (Babbacombe), 1463. Lee (Chelmsford), 1469. Louis Riel, 1497. Lynkas Kathi, 1395. Netherby burglars, 1513. O’Donnell, 1442. Phoenix Park murderers, 1416, 14x7, 1420, 1421. Poole, 1442. Port-Glasgow murderers, 1417. Shurety, 1324. Sheehan, 1509. at Tiflis, 1328. Exmoutli harbour, 1491. Exhibitions — Amsterdam, 1415. Antwerp, 1467. Calcutta, 1441. Coachmakers’ Company, 13x1. Colonial, 1530, 1534, 1578, 1608. Cork, 1425. Dublin, 1387. Edinburgh, 1530, 1575. Electric, at Crystal Palace, 1369. Electrical, at Paris, T360. Fisheries, 1416, 1438, 1446. Fisheries, Edinburgh, 1373. Fisheries, Norwich, 1355. Forestry, Edinburgh, 1451. Glasgow, 1575, 1608. Health, 1448, 1456. Inventions, 1468, 1434. Italian International, 1400. Exhibitions, continued — Liverpool, 1530, 1577, 1611. Lubeck, 1317. Manchester, 1608. Newcastle, 1610. New Orleans, 1459. Paris (close of 1878), 1298. Pesth, 1467. Ships Models, 1375. Smoke Prevention, 1366. Sydney, 1317. Wedgwood Ware, 1304. Yorkshire, 1609. Explosions — Admiralty, 1467. Amsterdam powder, 1399. boiler, at Stirling, 1415. Chester barracks attempt, 1357. Clay Cross Colliery, 1393. Collingwood, 1530. Doncaster, 1324. Dot ere l, 1356. Eisteddfod, 1429. Enfield, 1413. Glasgow gas, 1350. Glasgow Ironworks, 1330. Houses of Parliament, 1461. Hull, 1576. Inflexible , 1471. Irvine, 1330. Junior Carlton Club, 1449. Limehouse, 1535. L. and N. W. attempt, 1344. London Bridge, 1459. Mansion House attempt, 1378. Montreal court house, 1365. New Jersey (dynamite), 1550. Popoffka Novgorod , 1390. Portsmouth, 1415, 1586. Quebec, 1455. Rifleman , 1517, Risca, 1340. Shoeburyness, 1463. Silvertown, 1332, Thunderer , 1301, 1327. Tottenham Court Road, 1339. Walsall, 1335. Whitehall, 1407. Woolwich, 1435. Victoria Station, 1445. Explosives, circular regarding, 1413. F. Failures — Brogden, A. and H., 1442. Cardiff Savings Bank, 1528. Cisco and Sons, 1460. City of Glasgow Bank, 1295, 1296, 1300, 1340, 1368, 1394, 1407, 1511. Commercial Bank, South America, 1516. Cornish Bank, 1300, 1304. Exchange Bank, Canada, 1434. Grant, Baron, 1481. Hague Banking Co., 1466. Iron trade, 1310. Jersey Banking Co., 1507. Liverpool cotton trade, 1438. Matthew Buchanan and Co., 1402. Morton and Co., 1299, 1402. Munster Bank, 1475, 1476, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1483. Oliver Brothers, 1460. Oriental Banking Co., 1448. Virtue and others, 1293. Wales District Bank, 1300. York Bank, 1310. Faith-healing conference, 1470. Fasting, case of, 1585. Fast sailing — Alaska , 1380, 1381, 1415. Tongariro , 1442. Oregon and America, 1455. Etruria , 1481. Umbria , 1503. INDEX. Fawcett, Right Hon. H. — postal reforms, 1349. illness, 1398. return to House, 1406. Lord Rector of Glasgow, 1440. death, 1456. Federation League, 1457. Fenian Brotherhood, 1581. Fielding, Henry, bust unveiled at Taunton, 1433. Fife, Earl, 1513. Fildes, Luke, 1598. Fires— Abbey’s Park Theatre, 1392. Aberystwith, 1475. Aix-la-Chapelle, 1425. Aldersgate Street, 1334. Alhambra, 1397. Amsterdam Dockyard, 1423. Ancrum House, 1463. Balruddery, Dundee, 1518. Barrow Shipyard, 1485. Battersea, 1594. Belgrave Hat Depot, 1452. Belvedere Road, 1475. Berystide, Windsor, 1575. Birmingham Free Library, 1293. Blind Asylum, Glasgow, 1581. Bolton Cotton Mills, 1387. Bradford, 1469, i486. Brentwood Lodge, 1467. Bristol, 1363. Brooklyn Asylum, 1459. Brussels, 1441, 1551. Buenos Ayres, 1518. Buffalo Hotel, 1600. Camden Town, 1386. Carlton Terrace, 1306. Cheapside, 1361, 1397, 1586. Cheltenham, 1498. Christiansborg, 1454. Christiansand, 1346. Cincinnati, 1469. City Road Chapel, 1323. Clarence , 1443. Clevedon Court, 1395. Constantinople, 1441. Cortachy Castle, 1434. Dalston Timber Yard, 1459. Darlington Theatre. 1440. Deptford Cattle Market, 1435. Derby Theatre, 1530. Devonport, 1505. Doctor’s Commons, 1581. Dublin Theatre, 1328. Duke’s Theatre, 1339. Duncombe Park, 1302. Dundee, 1297, 1406. Edinburgh Tan Works, 1449. Edinburgh Theatre Royal, 1450. Exeter, 1533. Exeter Theatre, 1462. Forest city, 1408. Friedrichstadt, 1426. Galveston, 1496. Glasgow, 1439. Glasgow Carpet Manufactory, 1511. Glasgow Grain Mills, 1513. Glasgow Theatre, 1304. Glasgow Tramways Co., 1407, 1449, 1501. Golden City , 1372. Golden Square, 1528. Greenock, 1414. Gunton Hall, 1.398. Haggerston, 1439. Halifax Almshouse, 1393. Hammersmith Station, 1367. Hampton Court, 1397, 1579. Holywell Street, 1318. Homburg, 1613. Home and Co., Millbank, 1394. Hungary, 1609. Illinois Convent, 1443. Indian Museum, 1471. Ingestre Hall, 1391. Fires, continued — Inverness, 1422. Japanese Village, 1467, Jersey City, 1416. Kegan Paul and Co. 1412. Kingston, Jamaica, 1397. Keith’s Circus, 1308. Kingholm Mills, 1293. Lismore, Waterford, 1393. Liverpool, 1576, 1579, 1585. Long Acre, Kesterton, 1425. Lowestoft Pier, 1473. Madras, 1586. Manchester, 1421, 1496. Manchester Cotton Mill, 1407. Manchester Post Office, 1345. Manhattan, 1615. Marden House, 1321. Margate, 1392. Marlow, 1571. Mars training ship, 1418. Maryland, 1572. Mayenfeld, 1360. Maynooth, 1279. Morton House, 1302. Nauders, 1330. Neilston Thread Works, 1402. Newhall House, Milwaukee, 1399. New York, 1612. New York Theatre, 1442. Nice Opera House, 1354. Nice Pier, 1410. Northampton Opera House, 1594. N. W. R. works, 1395. Nottingham, 1403, 1556. Notting Hill, 1357. Oban Hotel, 1571. Oil well, Pennsylvania, 1443. Opera Comique, Paris, 1612. Osterley House, 1309. Ottawa, 1333. Oxford, 1570, 1584. Paisley, 1542. Paternoster Row, 1447. Pittsburg Exhibition, 1436. Pollok Castle, 1385. Polytechnic, 1306. Plymouth, 1503. Price, Blackfriars, 1294. Quebec Parliament House, 1412. Queenborough, 1380. Radna. Hungary, 1565. Ring Theatre, 1365. Rotherhithe, 1466. St. Leonard’s Church, 1321. St. Peter’s, Bridgewater, 1300. San Augustin , 1442. Seawaukaka steamer, 1338. Serajero, 1316. Sheffield, 1586. Shern Hall, 1302. Shoreditch, 1531. Shrewsbury Town Hall. 1347. Solway, 1364. Southall Asylum, 1 430. Stadt Theatre, Vienna, 1448. Stanford Court, 1396. Stockholm, 1319. Stry, Lemberg, 1527s Trinidad, 1406. Turvueren, 1306. Vancouver, 1542. Vienna. 1570. Whitechapel Church, 1341. Whiteley’s,-i394, 1398, 1448, 1471. Windsor Street, 1399. Woodbastwick Hall. 1398. Woodford Bridge, Essex, 1470. Wrotham Park, 1406. Yorkshire College, 1503. Fisheiy dispute, 1565, 1571. Flogging in Dutch service, 1319, 1571. Floods — Floods, 1351, 1399, 1401. Hungary, 1307, 1323, 1J52. Madras, 1570. Floods, contimied — Montreal, 1527. Nile Valley, 1297. Norfolk, 1298. Ontario, 1426. Folkestone, archaeological discovery, 1472. Foot and mouth disease, 1434. Forfarshire survivor, 1588. Forster, Right Hon. W. E. — address to electors, 1493. at Bradford, 1479. death, 1521. explains resignation, 1378. illness, 1505. introduces Protection Bill, 1351. on condition of Ireland, 1349. resignation, 1374. Forth Bridge foundation stone, 1295. France — Mdlle. Dodu decorated, 1292. new harbour, Boulogne, 1294. treaties terminated, 1301. elections, 1302. lottery prize, 1304. MacMahon’s resignation, 1304. “ Marsellaise ” adopted, 1305. vote of censure, 1306. M. Blanquin, 1309, 1311. release of prisoners, 1312. Chambers return to Paris, 1312. stormy debate, 1312. Cassagnac case, 1313. Bastille celebration, 1314. Napoleon family, 1314. Last sitting at Versailles, 1315. Communist elected, 1319. ex-Empress in Paris, 1321. meeting of Chambers, 1322. ex-Empress sails for Natal, 1332. March decrees, 1332. M. Mantel resigns, 1335. Leon Say, President of Senate 1336. Tahiti annexed, 1338. expulsion of Jesuits, 1338. Amnesty Bill, 1339. Jesuit property seized, 1343. March decrees, 1346. disturbance in Chamber, 1347. relations with Mexico, 1348. dispute with Tunis, 1357. bombard Sfax, 1359. repulsed at Hammam-Life, 1361. troops enter Kairwan, 1364. Gambetta’s ministry resigns, 1367. capture Hanoi, 1374. resignation of Freycinet, 1385. trial of Auriol, 1386. duel, Massas and Diehard, 1389. antiquities at Poitiers, 1390. robbery at St. Denis, 1395. Tuileries ruins sold, 1396. death of Gambetta,. 1398. arrest of Prince Napoleon, 1399. ex-Empress at' Paris, 1400. Ducletc Ministry resigns, 1401. Ferry Ministry, 1404. princes retired from army, 1405. war in Madagascar, 1416, 1426, 1421. war inTonquin, 1418, 1431, 1433- republican fetes, 1427. M. Waddington, ambassador, 1427. Corbevoie, statue at, 1430, missionary Shaw released, 1432. Loango burnt, 1433. King of Spain in Paris, 1436. dispute with Spain, 1437. war in Madagascar, 1440. attempt to shoot M. Ferry, 1440. Sontay captured, 1442. Bacninh captured, 1446. cholera, 1450, 1456, 1458. revision of constitution, 1452. bombard Foo Chow, 1453. Corneille celebrations, 1454. 1623 INDEX. France, continued. blockade of Formosa, 1455, 1457. victory at Bacninh, 1459. capture Langson, 1462. blockade Chinese coast, 1463. peace with China, 1465. evacuation of Langson, 1465. Ferry Ministry resigns, 1465. riots in Pere la Chaise, 1469. Pantheon secularized, 1470. funeral of Victor Hugo, 1470. treaty with China, 1471. suicide in Notre Dame, 1481. revolutionary meeting, 1487. elections, 1489, 1491. M. Freycinet shot at, 1493. Pont-Neuf subsidence, 1503. M. Grevy, president, 1505. M. Barr^me shot, 1507. Pres. Grevy’s Message, 1507. outrage in Bourse, 1517. Madagascar treaty, 1517. Duel of Rochefort and Portalis, i53°- New Hebrides annexed, 1536. expulsion of princes, 1537, 1545- Due d’Aumale, 1552, 1553, 1570, 1 599- . „ “ Cabinet Noir, 1567, Ministerial resignations, 1581. census, 1587. Commune celebrations, 1599. Opera Comique burned, 1612. Franklin’s search expedition of Lieut. Schwatka, 1344. Free Church of Scotland on instru- mental music, 1419- Freeman, Professor E. A., 1446. Freemasonry, 1325. French charity fete, 1314. Frere, Sir Bartle — recalled, 1341. death, 1449. Froude, J. A., at Birmingham, 1392. G. Galley, case of, 1315. Gambetta, Leon — death, 1391. funeral, 1399. Garibaldi, General — medallion at Stafford House, 1420. Gastein, Imperial meetings, 1316. Geographical Society, Royal, 1355. Germany — Reichstag opened, 1304. returned Socialists, 1305. Alsace and Lorraine, 1307. Protection duties, 1317. court of Judicature, 1318. Bismarck’s proposed resignation, 1332- treasure of Timbury Abbey, 1355. meeting of Emperors, 1361. treason in Navy, 1385. purchase of Hamilton MSS., 1392. Crown Prince silver wedding, 1401. 1405. Crown Prince on Reformation, 1434. manoeuvres at Frankfort, 1435. National monument, 1435. sale of military information, 1449. English church in Berlin, 1449. Rumff assassinated, 1460. execution of plotters, 1462. Cologne cathedral, 1346. Prince Fr. Wm. marriage, 1353, Prince Albrecht regent of Bruns- wick, 1491. Count Hatzfeldt Ambassador, 1500. Carolines dispute, 1490, 1501, Z503. Emperor’s 25th anniversary, 1506, 1508. 1624 Germany, continued — North Sea canal, 1507. Bismarck decorated by Pope, 1 509. Emperor’s 90th birthday, 1519. severe weather, 1519. Pacific annexation, 1529. Public discussion forbidden, 1532. army bill, 1588-9. elections, 1595. Emperor’s birthday, 1595. Crown Prince, 1612, 1614. Baltic canal, 1613. Gibraltar, officials dismissed, 1396 Gifford, Lord, 1590-1594. Gilbert-Sullivan opera “ Ruddigore,” 15Q0. Gilden expedition, 1553. Gladstone, Herbert, at Hull, 1481. Gladstone, W. E. — Greenwich farewell, 1299. Midlothian, 1300, 1304. proposed for Leeds, 1309. Rainy letter, 1313. Mid-Lothian election, 1321. in Music Hall, 1321. Glasgow University, 1322. at Marylebone, 1330. in Edinburgh, 1331. on Austria, 1331, 1334- at Peebles, 1332. returned for Midlothian, 1332. sent for to Windsor, T333. forms a Ministry, 1333. at Royal Academy, 1334. Supplementary Budget, 1337. at Leeds, 1363, address to, from Corporation, 1363. on release of Parnellites, 1375. Bust at Guildhall, 1342. visit to France, 1399, 1405. return to House, 1406. in Midlothian, 1453. at National Liberal Club, 1456. illness, 1341- cruise in Granhtlly Castle, 1343. at Lord Mayor’s Banquet, 1347. denounces Land League, 1352. Political Jubilee, 1397. at National Liberal Club, 1415, 1434, voyage in Pembroke Castle, 1435. visits Knowsley, 1437. presented with china, 1442. on House of Lords, 1451. voyage to Norway, 1482. on Disestablishment, i486. 1404. Midlothian address, i486, 1494, 1495, 1497, 1501, 1529. at West Calder, 1497. Edinburgh Cross, 1498, Rosebery Club address, 1500. St. Louis address, 1501. Daughter’s marriage, 1512. on unemployed, 1516. Midlothian address, 1541, 1542, 1544. at Manchester, 1546. letter to Dr. Foster, 1546. at Hengler’s circus, Liverpool, 1547. on Unionists, 1550. Foster’s letter, 1552. resigns, 1553, 1554. letter to A. Morley, 1557. Continental tour, 1563. on Welsh affairs, 1569. Irish address, 1570, 1597. on Bright, 1595. Yorkshire banquet, 1599. on Crimes Bill, 1601. — Irish Members, 1606, 1611. — “ Parnell” letter, 1607. — Dillon charges, 1609. speech at Dr. Parker’s, 1610. at Swansea, 1613-1614. — Cardiff, 1614. Glasgow — City Bank failure, 1295, 1296, 1297. Relief fund, 1297, 1301, 1326. Glasgow, continued — Bail refused, 1298. Liquidation, 1299, 1312. apprehensions, 1300. litigation, 1301. proposed lottery, I30T." 1 dividend declared, 1301. trial of directors, 1304-1318. liability of trustees, 1308, 1310. Holdsworth’s claim, 1314. calls and assets, 1323. Queen’s Dock, 1331, 1572. Fenian outrage in 1400, 1403, 1411. Riot, 1342. Freedom to the Duke of Albany, I39 1 -. Dynamite explosion, 1442. Elder chair of Naval architecture, I 439- Panic in Star Theatre, 1456. District railway litigation, 1419. Daphne disaster, 1425, 1426, 1427. Municipal buildings, 1436. Public park to Go van, 1473. colours of 26th in cathedral, 1475. Daphne disaster, 1483. water and gas litigation, 1488. Godaiming, electric light, 1365. Goethe, J. W. von, 1470. Goldfields, new, 1567. Goold, Sergt., shot, 1406. Gordon, Gen. Chas, — ■ resigns governorship of Soudan, I 3 2 5- Congo expedition, 1443. sent to Soudan, 1443. death, 1461,1462. grant to family, 1464. special mourning for, 1464- memorial, 1464, 1470. Goschen, G. J. — mission to Constantinople, 1335, 1336. refuses Speakership, 1441. Edinburgh Liberals on, 1463. at Edinburgh, 1489, 1500. at Glasgow, 1549. candidate for Liverpool, 1590, I 59i- returned for Hanover Square, 1593. banquet to, 1596. at Mansion House, 1600. — Edinburgh, 1604. — Budget (1887), 1606. — Criterion, 1609. Gossett, Capt. resigns, 1477. Gothard St., tunnel finished, 1329. Graham, Henry, 1504. Grant, General at Pekin, 1312. return to Philadelphia, 1323. Gray, Earl, 1332. Gray (poet) bust of, 1470. Great Eastern sold 1363. Greece — Corinth canal, 1375. Antiquities discovered, 1431. disarmament, 1528, 1539. discoveries at Mycenae, 1566. Greek frontier dispute, 1337. Albanian protest, 1337. Greek church, old believers, 1362. Greely, Lieut, in Edinburgh, 1497. Green, Rev. S. F., 1316, released 1393- Greenock — Watt Dock, 1292, 1558. sugar sample room, 1421. Greenwich time, 1455. Grimsthorpe, Lord. 1515. Grissell case, 1316, 1329. Guards, return of to London, 1476, i486. Guelph, Caroline, case of, 1567. Guinness company, 1574- Gun experiment, 1594. Guy’s hospital, 1585. INDEX. H. Haldane, A. C. Bishop of Argyll and the Isles, 1421, 1432. Hall, Rev. Newman, divorce, 1310. Halstead, forced sale at, 1360. Hamilton, Janet, memorial, 1340. “Hamlet” in France, 1569. Hannington, Bishop, 1506. Hanseatic League, 1314- Harcourt, Sir W. V. — at Oxford, 1302. elected for Derby, 1334- at Derby, 1447- on Crimes Bill, 1611. Hartmgton, Marquis of— Lord Rector, Edinburgh, 1304. at Cambridge, 1308. at Knowsley. at Rawtenstall, 1455- at Manchester, 1441. at Accrington, 1441- at Bury, 1489. at Darwen, 1492. Rossendale address, I493 j I 54 2 - at Ulverstone, 1501. at Matlock, 1502. at Eighty Club, 15x7. on Home Rule Bdl, 1532. at Bradford, I53 2 - at Glasgow, 1546. at Paisley, 1547- at Cardiff, 1548. at Bristol, 1550. advises electors, 1550. at Crawshaw Booth, 1551. address to constituents, 1552. Unionist meeting, 1558, 1582. Ministerial negotiations, 1580- at Newcastle, 1592, on Irish emigration, 1593. at Leeds, 1608. Harvey, Dr. Wm., remains, 1437. Hatzfeldt, Count, 1499 Hayti, rioting at, 1435. Heat, extreme in England, 1359- Heidelberg celebration, 1556, x 558- Heine’s Schloss Legende, 1348. Hennessy, Sir John P., suspended, 1584. Herschell Lord. 1513. Hesse, Grand Duke of, marriage to Madame Koiamien, 1449. Hicks-Beach, SirM., 1544— on Irish League, 1578. resigns, 1598. Hindlip, Lord, i573- Hofman, J. pianist, 1610. Hok Canton massacre, 1556. Holland — Grotius, celebrations, 1412. William the Sdent, celebrations, 14s 1 * Holland, King of, marriage, 1302- in Belgium, 1449. Holland, Sir H., 1587. Home Rule Bill of 1886. See under Parliament. — meetings concerning, 1527, I 5 2 8, J 5 2 9- Hornby, Rev. Jas., 1450. Hospital for Women, Chelsea, 1340. How, Bishop, 1314, 1315- Huascar ironclad captured, 1319. Huddersfield — Tramway accident, 1425. Huddlestone, Baron, on concurrent jurisdiction, 1441. Hugo, Victor, estate of, 1607. Hunter, John, statue, 1535. Huxley, Prof. — President of Royal Society, 1426. Hydrophobia, 1552. I. Icebergs in Atlantic, 1468. ldiesleigh, Lord — at Aberdeen, 1487. at Willis’s Rooms, 1516 presentation of portrait, 1567* Lord Rector, Edinburgh, 1575- sudden death, 1588. funeral, 1589. Imperial Institute, 1565, *57 2 » I 5 S 9> 1594, 1599- Imperial meetings, 1559- Imperial, Prince, 1340. India — advance on Peschawur, 1295* proffered aid, 1296. Parliamentary Papers, 1298. Musji captured, 1298. Victory in Piewar Pass, 1299. evasive reply of Ameer, 1299. Jellalabad entered, 130c. Candahar entered, 1302. Peace overture, 1305. Yakoob Khan. 13x0. Peace concluded, 131°. Treaty, 1311. Cabul entered, 13x5,. 13 - 9 - revolt and massacre in Cabul, 1317. Yakoob Khan, 1318, 1322. Battle near Cabul, 1318. Gough in Jellalabad, 1319. Ghilzais dispersed, 1319. Proclamation, 1320. Lord Lytton fired at, 1323. renewed attack on Cabul, 1323. reported seizure of Ghuzni, 1325 engagement at Ahmed, Khel, 1333- Lord Ripon, Governor General, 1335, 1336, 1337- Gwal.or treasures, 1613. Rt. Hon. W. P. Adam, Gov. of Madras, 1343- . Criminal Jurisdiction Bill, i4 I 4> 1429, 1441. Revolt of Ghilzais, 1433. Calcutta Exhibition, 1441, 1446. Case of Sir Munguldass Nuthoo- bhoy, 1466. Maharajah of Travancore, 1461. Gwalior, fortress of, 1501. new Maharajah of Gwalior, 1550. Madras, new Governor, 1559. Marriage laws, 1571. New Literary Order, 1594. Quetta railway, 1599. Afghan Boundary, 1603. Gwalior treasures, 1610. Indian troops at Windsor, 1393. Insurgents shot, 1598. Ipswich, bribery at, 1521. Ireland — Troops sent, 1342. Assassination of Mr. Boyd, 1342- Juno affair, 1342. Murder of Lord Mountmorris, 1345. Galway proclaimed, 1345- Dr. MacCabe on outrages, 1345- Parnell, Dillon, &c., imprisoned, J 34 6 - Captain Boycott, 1347. Boycotting at Lough Mask, 1348. Mulholland shot, 1348. Arrest of Dillon, 1357, 1363. Dillon released, 1360. Disestablishment of Church com- pleted, 1362. Land League in Dublin, 1362. Outrages, 1362, 1371, 1372- Parnell arrested, 1363- Ladies’ Land League, 1366. Administration of Land Act, 1366. “Moonlighting,” 1366, 1369. Lough Mask murders, 1366. United Ireland suppressed, 1368. Ireland, continued— Davitt elected for Meath, 1369. Mrs. Smythe murdered, 1372, 14x7. Parnell released, 1 374- Major Traill on self-protection, 1373. Davitt released, 1375- Phoenix Park murders, 1376, 1377. Parnellites on the murders, 1377. Crime in Galway, 1349- Bence Jones, boycott, 1349. State prosecution, 1350, J35 1 - Joyces executed, 1397- Upper Cross outrage, 1399. Outrage at Gort, 1381. Murder of Mr. Blake, 1382. Murder of Joyce family, 1387. Release of suspects, 1389. Patriotic Brotherhood, 1390, 1409. Land League closed, 1391. NatLnal League formed, 1391. Attempt on Justice Lawson, 1393. Murder of Denis Field, 1395. Flynn and Higgins, hanged, 1399- Trial of Phoenix Park murderers, 1400, 1401, 1403, 1412, 14x49 X4 i 5- Trial of Dowling, 1402. Rioting at Newry, 1449. Trial of Phoenix Park murderers, 1404, 1414, 1415 Attempted murder of bauifis, 1405. Flight of Egan, 1407. Frank Byrne, 1407. Sullivan on dynamite, 1409. Compensation to Lady Mountmor- ris, and Mrs. Blake, 1415. Execution of Brady and Curley, 1416, 1417- National League and Vatican, 1416. Liberation of Davitt, Healy and Quinn, 1420. Outrage at Raheen, 1426. Lord Lieutenant in Cork, 1431. League meeting at Miltown Mal- bay, 1435- ^ Rival meeting at Dungannon, 1435- Cattle trade restrictions, 1435. League meeting at Ennis, 1436. Orangemen in Belfast, 1436. Riots in Londonderry, 1438. Trial of Poole, 1440. Healy on Landlords, 1441. Riots at Newry and Wexford, 1441- Hunting prohibited, I44 1 - Orangemen at Dromore, 1443- Queen insulted, 1460. Parnell at Thurles, 1460. Captain Phelan, 1460. Fenians in Paris, 1463. Fenians expelled from France, 1464. O’Brien at Tulla, 1469. Earl Spencer, departure, 1473- Lord Carnarvon lands, i473> x 474, 1484. Mitchelstown demonstration, 1478. Return of outrages, 1480. Expiry of Crimes Act, 1483. Parnell in Dublin, 1484, 1485. Elections in, 1489. Munster Bank re-opened, 1491- Outrages in Kerry, 1496. Orange Lodge on Home Rule, 1504. Fox-hunting stopped, 1506. National League, 1506. Patriotic Union, 1507. Chapel bell signal, 1506. Resignation of Lord Carnarvon, 1508. Loyalty in Belfast, 1508. W. H. Smith, chief secretary, 1510. Curtin family, assaulted, 1510. Lord Aberdeen, viceroy, 1515- Illiterate voters, 1530. Armagh proclaimed, 1544. Lord Aberdeen, departure, 1557. Lord Londonderry, 1558? 1566, 1567- Clanricarde evictions, 1562. INDEX. Ireland, continued — Fall of Belfast Bridge, 1566. “Moonlighters” arrested, 1569. Outrages, 1571, 1574, 1579. Evictions, 1572. Belfast riots, 1553, 1572. “ Plan of Campaign,” 1573, 1580, 1581, 1585. I nchiquin demonstration, 1582: Lord Mayor Sullivan, 1586. Crowley demonstration, 1603. Scenes at Fermanagh, 1587. Defence Union, 1593. Archbishop Croke’s letter, 1595. Land Commission, 1596. Right of public meeting, 1597. Father Kellan case, 1599, 1600. Dublin Corporation and Jubilee, 1612. Bodyke evictions, 1614, 1615. Irving, Henry — banquet to, 1425, 1433. in New York, 1438. dinner to, 1467. at Oxford, 1547. Italy — Pio Nono remains removed, 1359. Strike of Gondolieri, 1364. Mr. Errington at Rome, 1364. Leo XIII. at St. Peter’s, 1365. Garibaldi at Naples, 1367. Sicilian Vespers, 1372. Excavations at Rome, 1392. Exhibition at Rome, 1400. Heart of Pius IX., 1405. Eruption of Mount Etna, 1408, 1537- Raphael celebrations, 1409. Victor Emmanuel remains, 1443. Executions in, 1450. Cholera in Naples, 1454. Annexation of Massowah, 1462. Ancient Roman remains, 1476. Launch of ironclad, 1479. Arrest of Professor Nichol, 1515. Brigandage in Sicily, 1519. Scientific expeditions, 1528. J- James, Sir H., at Bury, 1516. Jenkins, Professor, 1567. Jerusalem, Bishopric, 1586. Jockey Club on Jockeys, 1442. election, 1570. Johnson, Dr., celebrations, 1459. Journeaux, Miss, 1540. Jubilee service, 1597, 1617. Knightly banquet, 1607. new coinage, 1611. service in St. Margaret’s, 1612. yacht race, 1615. celebrations, 1616. pardon to deserters, 1617. Mansion House banquet, 1617. Royal procession, 1612. presents, 1617. children’s gathering, 1618. Windsor festivities, 1618. Her Majesty’s thanks, 1618. Justice, courts of, opened, 1399. “Jumbo” sold, 1371, 1372. death, i486. Karageorgewitch, Prince, 1430. Katherine, Order of St., 1312. Keats memorial, 1306, 1370. K em P> grant to Mrs., 1321. Kermadec, annexation, 1557. 1626 Kilmarnock — gift of Burns’ relics, 1430. Art gallery, 1583. King, Bishop of Lincoln, 1462. King-Harman, 1604. Krakatoa, Eruption at, 1432. Labrador, Famine, 1555. Lancaster, shooting accident at, 1435. Langtry, Mrs., debut, 1365. Lansdowne, Marquis of, 1339. Lauderdale, Peerage, 1477. Launches — City of Ro?ne, 1358. Italia, 1345. Livadia , 1339. Se?via , 1353. Law Courts, old, sold, 1400. Law Courts, new, opened, 1396, 1399. Laymen, House of, 1515. Lebanon, Cedars of, 1362. Leeds Liberals, 1321. accident to nail factory, 1473. musical festival, 1571, 1572. Lefevre, Principal, Miss, 1310. Leighton, Sir Fred., P.R.A., 1298. Leith, sailors’ home, 1435. Leopold, Prince, opens Firth College, marriage, 1374. Lerwick, smuggling case, 1564. Lewis, Bishop ofLlandaff, 1399. Libel cases — Town Talk , 1320. Truth , 1319. 1335. Liberal Federation, 1558. Liberation Society, 1576. Librarians, annual conference, 1389. Liddon, Canon, 1536. Lightfoot, Bishop, 1309. Lincoln, episcopal palace, 1474. Lincoln, President, remains, 1604. Liszt, Abbe, 1521, 1527. Liverpool — Bishopric of, 1332, 1337. attempt at Town Hall, 1358. Infernal machines discovered, 1359. new North Docks, 1361. Conservatives, at, 1373. Mersey tunnel, 1462. discovery of infernal machines, 140c 1410. Bishop of, 1434. Stanley hospital, 1489. Mersey tunnel, 1504. Clarence mutiny, 1512. Exhibition, 1530. Queen visits, 1531. gift to, 1590. opening Sailors’ home, 1293. Music hall disaster, 1296. Loango burnt by French, 1433. London — Regent’s Park, 1292. Cleopatra’s Needle, 1294. St. Paul’s, new bells, 1295. Free Bridges, 1295, 1310, 1388. Embankment, 1296. Temple Bar removed, 1312. St. Paul’s Churchyard, 1318. Waterloo Bridge lighted, 1319. fogs, 1327. “S.P.C.K.” new building, 1320. dense fog, 1323. King of Holland in Guildhall, 1337 Freedom to Sir H. Bessemer, 1345 Temple Bar Memorial, 1347. St. Paul’s bell, 1347. St. Thomas’s Hospital, 1350. Freedom to General Roberts, 1353. Attempt on Mansion House, 1354 1378 . London, continued — seizure of arms, 1381. Lord Mayor in Holland, 1390. Lord Mayor presented to Judges, 1393- disturbance in St. Paul’s, 1409. protection of public buildings, 1410. Freedom to Lords Wolseley and Alcester, 1412. Mansion House fishermen’s fund, 1412. Hyde Park Corner improvement, J4I5- Birkbeck Institute, 1414. Farringdon Fish Market, 1416. Cock Tavern sold, 1417. Nisi Prius, trials in, 1418. Municipal Reform Bill, 1419. Scottish Corporation, 1423. Old City school sold, 1430. City Penny Bank, run on, 1430. Lord Mayor Fowler, 1436. Burnham Beeches, 1436. “Old Curiosity Shop,” 1442. Embankment Opera House, 1450. Butcher’s Company’s Hall, 1453. New Council Chambers,_i4S4. Metropolitan Railway, 1455. Japanese Village, 1460. Temple Church celebrations, 1464. Outrage in St. Paul’s, 1465. Democrats in Hyde Park, 1466. Redhill Schools, 1483. Rosiere at Battersea, 1483. St. James’s Park stalls, 1485. theatres and Ash Wednesday, 1488. Stock Exchange, 1488. Municipal Corporation Act, 1490. Indian Village, 1497. Highbury Fields opened, 1505. Regent’s Park ice accident, 1507. demonstration of unemployed, 1511, I5i3» 1515- resignation of Colonel Henderson, i5*5- Sir C. Warren Chief Commissioner, 1518, 1520. anti-home rule meeting, 1521, 1525. St. Mary-le-Strand, 1533. Colonial banquet, 1548. visit of King of Portugal, 1559. Sir R. Hanson, Lord Mayor, 1569. coal and wine dues, 1579. panic in Smithfield, 1590. fish supply, 1592. Charing Cross Road, 1597. charges of corruption, 1597. Crimes Bill demonstration, 1604. People's Palace, 1610. baronetcy for Lord Mayor, 1611. Hammersmith Bridge opened, 1617. mayors, &c., entertained, 1617. Longfellow, bust in Westminster, 1445. Lonsdale, Earl of, 1557. Lords, agitation against House of, i452» 1453; Lome, Marquis of — Governor-General, Canada, 1292. invested with Orders, 1295. opens Clerks’ Schools, 1296. in Canada, 1298. Lothian, Marquis of, 1598, 1614. Lovat Peerage, 1472. Lowe, R., at Grantham, 1320. Lowell, J. R., Minister, 1325, 1330, 1470- rector of St. Andrews, 1441, 1443. Luther commemoration, 1430, 1439. MacCabe, Cardinal, 1371. McCarthy, Justin, 1308. at Liverpool, 1482. M‘Coj% Russel, 1356. INDEX. Macdonald, Lord Advocate, 1473. Mackonochie case, 1313, 1321, Macleod, Rev. N., statue of, 1364. Macrae, Rev. D., case of 1315- Maine, Sir J. H. S., 1598- Malta , infernal machines on board, 1359- Manchester — accident at St. Aloysius, 1345- Owens College, 1382. M. Lesseps in, 1440. Ship Canal, 1384, 1408, 1425, 1428, 1452, 1488, i553» 1554- unemployed in, 1519. Manning, Cardinal, at Oratory, 1448. Mansfield College, 1572. M ‘Glynn, case of Father, 1589. Maoris, King of, in England, 1449. Marlborough, Duchess of— Irish Relief Fund, 1323. order of Victoria and Albert, 1333- Married Women’s Property Act, 1398. Mar Peerage case, 1337. Martin, Theodore, knighted, 1331 Rector of St. Andrews, 1348. Martyrs, English, 1587. Martyrs’ memorial, 1315. Mary, Queen, rumour, 1597. Medical Congress, 1360. Mellor, Justice, retires, 1312. Meteoric shower, 1500. Methodist Conference, 1361. Midgets, marriage of, 1449. Millar, Miss, taxation, 1451. Millais, Sir J. E., 1472. Millbank, escape from, 1390. Miracle play at Rouslench, 1367. Moffat, Dr., 1357. Monaco, explosion at, 1395. Montefiore, Sir M., 100th birthday, 1439. 1456. death, 1478. funeral, 1479. Montenegro — Dulcigno ceded, 1346, 1348. Moore centenary, 1311. Moore, Mr. H., 1670. Moorhouse, Bishop, 1508, 1533. Morley, Right Hon. John — at Bradford, 1544. at Cambridge, 1487. at Chelmsford, 1506. at Eighty Club, 1539. at Liberal Federation, 15 76. at Newcastle, 1504. at Newport, 1490. on Crimes Bill, 1603. on Ireland, 1593. on literature, 1597. on Times , 1611. Mormons leave Liverpool, 1295. Morning Post, 1358. Mortara case, 1303. Mouat, Elizabeth, 1513, 1515- Missionaries at Mansion House, 1357 Murders — Anderson, R. W., Crete, 1300. Carey, the informer, 1428. Dodworth, 1568. Euston Square, 1310. Garfield, President, 1358. Gillott, Mr. 1525, 1533. Glenluce, 1336. Gold, Mr., 1358. Harley Street, 1336. Hoxton, 1594, 1602, 1606. Kentish Town, 1598. Keyes, Miss, Babbicombe, 1437. Lowe, J. E., 1565. Mainwaring, 1315. Moodie’s Court, Glasgow, 1325. Penzance, 1555. Phoenix Park, 1376. Port Glasgow, 1402. Roper, Lieut., 1353. Richmond, 1306, 1314. Murders, continued— St. Louis Hotel, 1466. Stoke Newington, 1506. Whttborne, 1424. Museum, British, lighted, 18x9. Music in England, 1585. Musical Society — Brighton, 1361. N. Nantes, edict of, 1491. Napier, Ld., Constable of the Tower, 1585, i 59 2 - _ Napier, Prof. A. S-, i47°- Navy — meeting regarding, 1466. addition to, 1458. National Liberal Club, 14x5- Nilsson, Mdme., 1487. Nero, Rev. D., frauds of, 1511- Netherlands — King and Queen at Windsor, 1374. Newcastle-on-Tyne — City charter, 1382. visit of Prince of Wales, 1453. Free library, 1433. New Guinea annexation, 1413. protectorate, 1455. Newman, Cardinal, 1305, T 3°®, i3 10 - New Testament revision, 1347, 1357- New Zealand — eruption ofTerawera, 1540. Niagara, fall of Table Rock, 1589. shooting, 1559, 1562, 1581. i 6!6. Nichol, Prof. J., 1515- Nordenskjold, Prof., 1328, 1435- Northcote, Sir Stafford- entertained, 1318. at Leeds, 1323. at Hull, 1362. at Newcastle, 1363. North-east Passage, 1314. O. Obituary— Abbott, Rev. J., 1320. Abd-el-Kadir, 1418. Abercorn, Duke of, 1493- Abiss, Rev. John, 1426: About, Edmond, 1461. Adam, Rt. Hon. W. P., x357- Adams, C. F., 1579- Aigniers, Joseph, 1515- Aikman, Rev. T. L., i486. Ailesbury, Marquis of, i573> Ainsworth, W. H., 1366. Alamaga, Prince, 1321. Albany, Duke of, 1446. Albemarle, Countess of, 1480. Alexander, Rev. W. L., 1459- Allan, R. H., 1320. Amherst, Earl, 1520. Amos, Sheldon, 1506. Ampthill, Lord, 1453. Anderson, Rev. Alex., 1456. Anderson, Sir J., 1556. Anderson, Thos., 13S0. Andrews, Professor, 1499. Andrews, Sir W. 1598. Anglesey. Marquis of, 1327. Annam, Emperor of, 1427. Ansdell, Richard, 1467. Ansell, George F., 1349. Ansted, Professor D. i., 1335- Anstruther, Sir R. * 1555- Antoinette, Marie, 1412. Appleton, Dr. C., 1305. Arnim, Count; 1357. Arnott, James M., i47°- Arnould, Sir J., 1514. Obituary, continued — Arran, Earl of, 1450. Arthur, Admiral, 1579- Arthur, Dr. J. T., 1392* Ashworth, Henry, 1335- Aspinall, J. B., 1512. Atkinson, Commander, 1392. Auerbach, B., 1368. Avonmore, Viscount, 1410. Aylesford, Earl of, 1460. Ayrton, A. S. , 1581. Bacon, Lady C. (Ianthe), 1330. Baillie, Evan, 1411. Baily, Alf. H., 1459. Baily, R. L., 1606. Baker, T. B. L., 1584. Baker, Gen. Sir W., 1365. Balfour, Lieut. -Col., 1391. Balfour, Prof., 1384. Balfour, Prof. J. H., 1444. Ballantyne, Serjt., 1587. Barker, Thos. J., 1372. Barlow, P. W., 1469. Barnes, Rev. W., 1571. Barrington, Viscount, 1577. Barrington, Viscountess, 1409. Barry, E. M., 1326. Barry, Gen. W. W., 1413. Bartlett. A. D., 1594. Bass, Mr. T., 1448. Bastida, M., 1306. Bateson, Rev. W. H., 1354. Batthyany, Count, 1438. Batthyany, Prince, 1414. Bauer, Prof., 1457. Baxter, Dr. E. B., 1460. Baynes, Ed. D., 1456. Baynes, Prof. T. S., 1613. Beaconsfield, Lord, 1355. Beadon, Sir Cecil, 1340. Beales, Mr. E., 1358. Beck, Father, 1598. Bedford, Francis, 1421. Beecher, Rev. H.W., 1598. Begg, Mrs. J. Burns, 1586. Begg, Rev. Jas., 1436. Bell, Dr. Benjamin, 1421 Bell, Gen. T. G., 1365. Bell, Thomas, 1331. Belper, Lord, 1338. “ Bendigo,” 1343. Benedek, General, 1356. Benedict, Sir J., 1470. Benfey, Theodor, 1359. Bentham, George, 1454. Beresford, Archbishop, 1505. Beresford, Right Hon. W., 1436. Berkeley, Earl, dejure , 1388. Bernard, Prof. M., 1389. Bernard, Sister, 1309. Bert, Paul, 1578. Bessborough, Earl of, 1326. Beust, Count von, 1574. Bewick, Miss Jane, 1355. Bickersteth, Bishop, 1447. Bidder. G. P., 1295. Biddulph, Sir T. M., 1295 Bille, Jorben de, 1416. Billing, Dr. A., 1361. Binnie, Rev. Dr., 1567. Bitch, Samuel, 1505. Bird, Admiral, E. J., 1365. Birks, Rev. T. R., 1427- Bishop Anna, 1446. Blackwood, John, 1320. Blanc, Charles, 1367. Blanc, Louis, 1397. Blewitt, Octavian, 1456. Bloomfield, Lord, 1316. Bloomfield, Sir John, 1341. Blore, E., 1317 Blore, Rev. E. W., 1472. Bio .nt, M. C., 1353- Blunt, Rev. H. J., 1447. Bohn, H. G., 1453. Bolton, Sir F. J., 1587. 1627 INDEX. Obituary, continued — Bonaparte, Prince Pierre, 1355. Bonaparte, Madame P., 1308. Bond, Henry J. H., 1433. Bonet, John James, 1442. Bonnechose, Cardinal, 1438. Borrow, George. 1359. Borthwick, Lord, 1505. Boteler, Captain J. H., 1467. Bouch, Sir Thomas, 1346. Bough, Sam, 1298. Bower, John, 1490. Bower, Lieutenant, 1348. Bowyer, Sir George, 1421. Boxall, Sir W., 1323. Boyd, Rev. A., 1426. Boys, Admiral, 1309. Brackleer, F. de, 1416. Bradshaw, Henry, 1513. Brady, Sir Antonio, 1365. Bragge, Wm„ 1449. Bramley-Moore, J., 1579. Bramley, Mrs. A. E., 1400. Brehm, Dr. A., 1456. Brett, Gen. Wm., 1456. Brewer, Rev. J. S., 1305. Brialmont, Gen., 1466. Bridel, Auguste, 1459. Broadhead, Wm. , 1307. Brocher, Antoine, 1454. Brodie, Sir Benjamin, 1348. Brougham, Lord, 1506. Brown, Dr. Collis, 1453. Brown, Rev. H. S., 1516. Brown, Hugh, 1485. Brown, Dr. John, 1378. Brown, John, 1409. Brown, Rev. J. B., 1450. Brown, Rawdon, 1432. Browne, Hablot K., 1383. Brown, Stewart, 1328. Brownrigg, Captain, 1365. Brunswick, Duke of, 1455. Buccleuch, Duke of, 1447. Buchanan, Sir Andrew, 1394. Buckinghamshire, Earl of, 1493. Buckland, Francis, 1349. Buckman, James, 1458. Buckstone, J. B. 1320. Bull, Ole, 1343. Buller, Major, 1588. Bunney, John, 1391. Burdett, Sir R., 133S. Burgess, T. F., 1365. Burke, George, 1559. Burke, Father, 1425. Burke, Mr. William, 1376. Burnaby, Colonel. 1461. Burnaby, Major-General, 1419. Burnell, A. C., 1391. Burney, Colonel, 1322. Burritt, Elihu, 1306. Burton, Decimus, 1365. Burton, Rev. C. J., 1603. Burton, J. Hill, 1360. Busk, Hans, 1371. Butler, E., Q.C., 1312. Butler, Rev. G., 1512. Butt, Isaac, 1309. Byles, Sir J. B., 1444. Byron, H. J., 1447. Caffin, Admiral Sir J., 1418. Cairns, Earl. 1465. Calcott, William, 1298. Calcott, William H., 1386. Calcraft, William, 1323. Caldecott, Rand., 1513. Calverley, C. S., 1444. Camerlengo, Cardinal, 1365. Cameron, Mr., 1461. Campbell, John F., 1462. Cardwell, Lady, 1595. Cardwell, Viscount, 1514. Carlingford, Lady, 1313. Carlyle, Thomas, 1353. Carpenter, Dr., 1495. 1628 Obituary, contimced — Carrigan, Sir D., 1327. Carter, H., “ Frank Leslie,” 1325. Carter, T., 1318. Carttar, C. J., 1331. Cassagnac, Gramerde, 1327. Casteliani, Alex., 1421. Castiglione, Countess, 1314. Caterina, Cardinal, 1364. Caulfield, Commander, 1353. Cave, Sir S., 1337. Cavendish, Lord F., 1376. Celeste-Elliott, Mdme., 1368. Cesaresco, Count, 1452. Cetewayo, 1444. Chadwick, Dr., 1379. Challis, Rev. Jas., 1396. Chambers, Wm., 1417. Chambord, Comte de, 1432, 1433. Champain, Sir J. B., 1592. Channing, Rev. W. H., 1459. Chanzy, General, 1399. Charles, Prince of Prussia, 1400. Charteris, Jane, 1423. Chelmsford, Lord, 1295. Chenery, Thomas, 1444. Chester, Joseph L., 1380. Chesterfield, Earl of, 1437. Chesterfield, Earl of, 1590. Chevalier, M., 1322. Chichester, Eari, 1518. Childe, W. L., 1349. Christina, Queen of Spain, 1293. Christison, Sir Robert, 1367. Cissy, General de, 1381. Civiy, Comtesse de, 1346. Clairmont, Jane, 1307. Clark, W. G., 1297. Clark, Sheriff, 1579. Clark, William, 1440. Cleasby, Baron, 1318. Clifford, W. K., 1306. Clint, Alfred, 1409. Cloete, Gen. Sir A. J., 1575. Cloquet, Baron, 1405. Close, Dean, 1398. Clowes, George, 1576. Coats, Thos., 1437. Cochrane, Sir Jas., 1423. Cockburn, Sir Alex., 1348. Cocks, R., 1603. Codrington, Sir Wm., 1452. Coffin, Rev. R. A., 1465. Cole, Henry T., 1460. Cole, Sir Henry, 1373. Coleridge, Rev. D., 1409. Coleridge, Rev. Ed., 1417. Colfax, Schuylar, 1460. Collier, J. Payne, 1434. Collier, Sir R. P., 1575. Collins, Rev. W, L., 1601. Colhnson. Admiral, 1434. Colville, Sir James, 1348. Congleton, Lord, 1438. Connor, Dean, 1415. Conscience, H., 1434. Cooke, E W., 1324. Cooke, Sir W. F., 1313. Cooper, Sir C., 1612. Cooper, Peter, 1410. Cooper, W. W., 1536. Cooper, W. R., 1298. Corbaux, Fanny, 1401. Costa, Sir Michael, 1448. Cotterill, Right Rev. H., 1526. Coudert, C., 1327, Coull, James, 1345. Courbit, Admiral, 1471. Cousen, John, 1350. Cousins, S., 1609. Cowan, Lord, 1292, Cowie, H., 1554. Cowley, Earl, 1451. Cowper, C. S., 1308. Cox, David, 1503. Cox, Serjeant, 1321. Obituary, continued — Coxe, Rev. H. O., 1359. Cradock, Dr. E. H., 1511. Craven, Augustus, 1455. Craven, Earl, 1442. Crawford, Earl of, 1349. Crawley, Captain, 1452. Cross, J. K., 1600. Cross, Mrs. George Elliot, 1350. Crossley, John, 1308. Cullen, Cardinal, 1297. Cumming, Dr. J., 1359. Cunningham, Major, 1324. Curriehill, Lord, 1364. Currey, Rev. G., 1467. Curtius, Professor, 1483. Curwen, Rev. J., 1336. Custance, Gen. W. N., 1513. Dacres, Admiral Sir S. C., 1445. Dacres, Marshal, 1582. Daks, Dr., 1303. Dalhousie, Earl of, 1340. Dalkeith, Earl of, 1566. Dallas, E. S., 1303. Dalrymple, Sir H. H., 1608. Dalzell, Sir R. A. V., 1510. Dana, R. H.. 1366, Darby, John N., 1374. Darvall, Sir J., 1442. Darwin, Charles R., 1373. Dashwood, Sir E., 1377. Daumier, M., 1304. Davidson, Dr. A-D., 1574. Davie, Sir F., 1501. Dawson, Gen., 1607. Dawson, Joseph, 1341. Deas, Lord, 1593. Decazes, Due, 1566. Delacombe, Gen., 1298. Delaine, T., 1321. Delapierre, J. O., 1316. Dennis, John S., 1474. Denny, William, 1600. Depree, Colonel G. C., 1595. Dao, T. G., 1578. Derwentwater, Countess, 1329. Deschamps, Cardinal, 1436. Deville, Henri, 1358. D’Harcourt, Marquis, 1436. Dickens, Mrs. C., 1321. Dilke, Ashton W., 1407. Dindory, William, 1431. Dix, General, 1309. Dixon, W. H., 1324, Dobbs, C. R., 1516. Donaldson, T. L. , 1518. Donne, W. Bodham, 1382. Dore, Gustave, 1400. Douglas, Sir C. E., 1595. Douglas, Sir John, 1484, Doupanloup, Bishop, 1296. Downing, McC., 1302. Doyle, P. W., 1595. Doyle, Richard, 1442. Doyle, Rev. T., 1312. Doyle, Sir W. H., 1309. Dozy, Professor Reinhardt, 1420. Drake, Sir W. H., 1368. Drew, D., 1318. Drouet, Juliette, 1416, Druitt, Robert, 1416. Drumearn, Lord, 1316. Ducrot, General, 1387. Dudley, Earl of, 1468. Dufaure, Jules, 1358, Dumas, J. B., 1447. Dumonte. Auguste, 1443. Duncke, Professor M., 1555. Duncombe, Hon. Oct., 1322, Dundas, General J. D., 1565. Dundas, William Pitt, 1417. Dundonald, Earl of, 1460. Dupin, H. 1603. Durham, Bishop of, 1317. Durham, Earl of, 1322. Dury-Geden, Rev. J., 1517. INDEX . Obituary, continued — Earle, General, 1462. Eastwick, E. B., 1427. Echter, M., 1304. ■ Eden, Bishop, 1563. Edwards, Mrs., i486. Edwards, Thomas, 1528. Egan, Pierce, 1339. Egerton, Lord, 1404. Eglinton, Countess of, 1567* Elliot, Sir W., 1597. Ellis, William, 1353. Ellsler, Fanny, 1458. Elmore, Alfred, 1351. Elphinstone, Sir J., 1586. Ely, Bishop of, 1492. Emma, Queen of Hawaii, 1467. Emerson, R. W., 1374. Engel, Carl, 1394. England, Sir R., 1400. Enniskillen, Earl of, 1578. Erie, Chief Justice, 1326. Erne, Earl of, 1488. Espartero, Marshal, 1302. Essex, Countess of, 1369. Evans, David, 1474. Evans, Sir F., 1504. Ewing, Juliana H., 1468. Eyston, C. J., 1404. Fahey, James, 1502. Falconer, Ed., 1318. Falkland, Viscount, 1512. Falloux, Count, 1506. Fane, Gen. W., 1472. Fargus, John, 1469. Farnborough, Lord, 1532. Farquhar, Captain, 1423. Fase, Dr. William, 1412. Favre, Gen., 1601. Favre, Jules, 1325. Favre, Louis, 1314. Fawcett, the Rt. Hon. H., 1456. Fechter, Charles, 1315. Fellowes, Admiral C., 1517. Ferguson, Sir S., 1559. Fernandez., Gen. D. P., 1464. Festing, Gen. Sir F. W., 1579. Feval, P. y 1598. Fichte, H., 1316. Field, Frederick, 1465. Findlater, Andrew, 1460. Firmin-Didot, H., 1342. Firth, Mark, 1348. Fitzgerald, Lord G., 1568. Fitzgerald, Rev. Wm., 1441. Fitzgerald, Sir P. G., 1342. Flaubert, M. Gus, 1334. Fletcher, Isaac, 1308. Fleury, General, 1459. Flotow, Fred. F., 1401. Forster, the Rt. Hon. W. E., 1521. Forsyth, Sir D., 1586. (Foster, Campbell, 1382. 'Foster, P. Le Neve, 1305, Fox, S., 1596. Fox, Dr. T., 1312. Francis, F., 1586, Francis, John, 1373. Frazer, Bishop, 1491. Freake, Sir C. J., 1455. Frederick Charles, Prince, 1471. Frelinghausen, F., 1469. Frere, Sir Bartle, 1449. Froude, Wm., 1309. Fullarton, John A., 1381. Fynmore, Lt.-Col., 1604. Gablett, Mr., 1386. Gahgnani, William, 1387. Gambetta, Leon, 1398. Gambier, Admiral, 1498. Gambier, Justice, 1311. Garbett, Archdeacon, 1308. Gardiner, Captn., 1590. Garfield, President, 1358, 1362. Garibaldi, 1381. Garrison, W. Lloyd, 1311. Obituary, continued — Garrod, Professor, 1319. Gaskill, Rev. Wm., 1450. Gastoldi, B., 1302. Gawler, Col. J., 1386. Gazelee, Stephen, 1438. Giacimo, Father, 1490. Gibson, Right Hon. T. M., 1445. Gibson, J. Y., 1570. Gibson-Craig, J. T., 1554. Gifford, Lord, 1590, 1594. Gilfillan, George, 1293. Girardin, Emile, 1357. Girdlestone, Canon, 1458. Girling, Mrs., “Shaker,” 1567. Gladstone, Helen J., 1325. Glyn, Admiral H. C., 144^. Glyn, Sir G. L., 1494. Gobat, Bishop, 1310. Godwin-Austin, R., 1458. •Goeben, Gen. von, 1347. Goethe, Walter von, 1466. Goethe, Wolfgang von, 1400. Goldie. G., 1597. Golightly, Rev. C. P., 1505. Goode, John, 1402. Goodford, Rev. C. O., 1449. Goodricke, Sir H. H., 1438. Gordon, Dr. A., 1557. Gordon, Dr. John, 1382. Gore-Brown, Col., 1605. Goss, Sir J., 1334. Gossett, SirR., 1500. Gough, John B., 1514. Gould, G. F. , 1434. Gould, John, 1353. Grace, G. F., 1344. Grafstrom, Dr. T. F., 1430. Grafton, Duke of, 1380. Graham, John, 1571. Graham, Wm., 1476. Gramont, Due de, 1325. Grant, Sir A., 1454. Grant, Sir Alex., 1458. Grant, Sir F., 1295. Grant, James, 1310. Grant, James, 1609. Grant, Gen. W. S., 1477. Grant, Gen. Sir T., 1508. Greg, W. R., 1364. Green, John P., 1428. Green, John R., 1407. Green, T. H., 1372. Greenwell, Dora, 1372. Grey, Mrs. E. H., 1595. Grey, Sir George, 1389. Griffith, Canon, 1311. Griffith, Moses, 1441. Griffiths, Rev. J., 1483. Grisebach, Prof., 1310. Grossmith, George, 1333. Grosvenor, Hon. G., 1571. Gruneisen, C. L., 1320. Gruner, Lewis, 1369. Gruzhusky, Prince, 1516, Guest, Dr. E,, 1348. Guibert, Cardinal, 1552. Guilford, Earl, 1504. Guion, Stephen, 1504. Gulliver, George, 1394. Gully, Dr. J. M., 1409. Gurney, Samuel, 1373. Guthrie, Dr. F., 1574. Guy, Wm, Aug., i486. Gwalior, Maharajah of, 1544. Gylderstolpe, Countess, 1324. Haas, Dr. Ernest, 1386. Haghe. Louis, 1464. Hahn Hahn, Countess, 1325. Halifax, Lord, 1482. Hall, Sir Charles, 1442. Hall, Mrs. S. C., 1352. Hall, Sir W. K., 1556. Hamilton, Lady Emily, 1394. Hamilton, Lord C., 1449. Hampton, Lord, 1332. Obituary, continued— Hancock, General, 1513. Hanna, Rev. William, 1380. Hansell, Rev. E. H., 1448. Hansom, T. A., 1382. Harcourt, Admiral, 1415. Harding, Col. W., 1508. Hardman, E. T., 1608. Hardy, Sir William, 1599. Harness, Sir H. D., 1402. Harris, Commander, 1426. Harris, John, 1443. Harrison, Archdeacon, 1601. Harrison, E. F., 1614. Harrison, SirG., 1505. Harrowby, Earl, 1594. Harvey, John, 1308. Harvey, Sir R. B., 1600. Hatherley, Baron, 1359. Hawkins, Rev. Ed., 1394. Hawtrey, Rev. S., 1575. Haymerle, Baron, 1363. Hayne, P., 1317. Hayward, Ab., 1444. Heathcote, Sir WilLam, 1360. Heme, Baron, 1578. Hendricks, T. A., 1499. Henschel, Albert, 1438. Henson, Rev. J., 1417. Heraud, J. H., 1606. Herbert, Cyril, 1382. Herbert, Mr., 1461. Herzog, John J., 1390 Herstal, Baron, 1427. Heyland, Lieut. W., 1348. Hill, General Sir W., 1562. Hill, Sir Rowland, 1316. Hillebrand, Karl, 1456. Hindlip, Lord, 1603. Hoare, Mrs. A. P., 1602. Hobart Pasha, 1544.. Hodgson, K. D., 1317. Hodgson, W. B., 1343. Hohenzollern, Prince of, 1470. Holl, Francis, 1443. Holloway, Thomas, 1442. Holkar, of Indore, 1543. Holkar, Lord Justice, 1380. Holman, G. B., 1435. Holt, Rev. J., 1602. Holt, T. L., 1317. Hood, Lieut. -Gen., 1411. Hope, Admiral Sir J., 1358. Home, Douglas, 1545. Home, Rev. W., 1573. Home, Earl of, 1359. Horne, R. H., 1446. .Hosken, Admiral, 1460. Houghton, Lord, 1482. Howard of Glossop, Lord, 1441. Howard, P. H., 1398. Howard, Sir Thomas, 1414. Howitt, William, 1306. Howson, Dean, 1503. Huber, Dr. J., 1307. Hughes, General S. E., 1534. Hughes, T. F., 1617. Hughes, Sir W. W., 1586. Hugo, Victor, 1469. Huilah, J. P., 1445. Humphrey, Rev. W. C., 1507. Humphreys, H. Noel, 1312. Hunter, J., 1571. Huntingdon, Earl of, 1469. Hutt, Sir William, 1395. Hutten, Karl, 1416. Iddesleigh, Lord, 1588, 1589. Ingram, Dr. J., 1308. Inman, George, 1438. Innes, Maria C., 1349. Ivory, Thomas, 1376. Jackson, Bishop, 1460. Jackson, Dr. (Uxford), 1295. Jacobini, Cardinal, 1597. Jacobson, Rev. W., 1451. James, Edwin J., 1370. 1629 INDEX. Obituary, continued — James, Lord Justice, 1358. Janin, Jules, 1514. Jarrett, Rev. Canon, 1370. Jeen, C. H., 1319. Jeffreys, John, 1461. Jenkin, Fleeming, 1471. Jenks, J. B., 1452. Jerrold, Blanchard, 1446. Jerviswood, Lord, 1315. Jesse, Miss R., 1591. Jessel, Sir George, 1408. Jevons, Dr. W. Stanley, 1386. Jewell, Hon. M., 1402. Jewitt, Llewellyn, 1243. Jewsbury, Miss G., 1344. Jhind, Rajah of, 1598. Johnson, Rev. G. H. S., 1364. Johnson, G. W., 1575. Johnston, A. K., 1313. Jones, Bence, 1382. Jones, J. Winter, 1361. Jones, Lloyd, 1534T Jones, T. H., 1496. Jones, Professor, T. R., 1349. Jowett, H., 1557. Judson, J. C., 1560. Kalisch, Dr. J., 1531. Karslake, Sir J., 1363. Kaufman, General, 1378. Kavanagh, Rev. J., 1571. Kean, Ellen, 1343. Keith, Rev. Dr., 1328. Keith-Falconer,Hon. I. G. N., 1611. Kelland, Professor, 1310. Kelly, Miss, 1397. Kelly, Sir Fit2roy, 1344. Kenealy, Dr. E. V., 1332. Kendall. Henry, 1386. Kendall, Capt. J. J., 1516. Kennedy, Sir Arthur, 1420. Kennedy, Gen. Jas., 1456. Kennedy, J., 1569. Kennedy, Rev. John, 1448. Kennedy, T. F., 1308. Kent, George H., 1420. Keogh, Judge, 1295. King, John, 1302. King, P. J. Lock, 1496. Kingscote, Henry, 1384. Kingston, W. H. G., 1342. Kinnaird, Lord, 1607. Kirk, Rev. J., 1575. Knight, John P., 1354. Knollys, Sir Wm., 1423. Knowles, R. B., 1368. Kossonitch, C. A., 1402. 1 Krapotkin, Prince, 1558. Kupir, Admiral Sir A. W., 1493. Lablache, F., 1591. Lacroix, Paul, 1455. Lagrange, Count, 1441. Laing, David, 1296. Lambourne, J., 1502. Landseer, Charles, 1314. Landseer, Thomas, 1325, Langmead, Prof., 1398. Lanyon, Col., 1603. Lanzi, Giovanni, 1371. Larcombe, Sir T. A., 1312. Lauderdale, Earl of, 1293. Lauderdale, Earl, 1452. Laurent, Prof., 1594. Law, Right Hon. H., 1434. Lawrence, Gen. Sir G., 1457. Lawrence, Lord, 1313. Lawrenson, Gen. J., 1438. Le Blanc, Col., 1325. Lee, Bishop, 1604. Lee, Rev. A. T., 1427. Lee, F. R., 1312. Lehman, George, 1370. Lees, Charles, 1329. Leigh, Henry S., 1422. Leighton, Rev. Dr. F., 1363. Leinster, Duke of, 1594. 1630 Obituary, continued — Leitch, Wm. L., 1414. Leith, J. F., 1603. Lepage, Bastien, 1459. Lepsius, Prof., 1451. Leslie, Prof. T. E. F., 1368. Lewes, G. H., 1299. Lichnousky, Count, 1594. Lichtenstein, Prince, 1465. Liddell, Sir A. F, O,, 1473. Lightfoot, Rev. J. P,, 1600. Lilly, Mrs., 1374. Linacre, Prof. G. R., 1358. Lincoln, Mrs., 1384. Lindam, Col. J. O., 1366. Linnell, John, 1367. Lippincott, J. B., 1506. Liszt, Dr. Franz, 1556. Littre, Emile, 1358. Livesey, Joseph, 1454. Lloyd, Dr. Humphrey, 1351 Locock, Sidney, 1485. Locke, John, M.P., 1327. Lockhart, Col. L. M., 1372. Lombardini, Gen., 1428. Long, George, 1316. Longfield, Right Hon. M., 1457. Longfellow, H. W., 1372. Longford, Earl of, 1606. Longman, T., 1317. Low, Gen. Sir J., 1325. Low, Sampson, 1526. Luca, Cardinal de, 1442. Lusk, Lord Justice, 1366. Luther, Rev. T. G., 1401. Lytton, Dowager Lady, 1371. Maas, Joseph, 1509. Maberley, Col. W. L., 1462. McAuslane, Rev. Dr. A., 1547. MacCape, Cardinal, 1462. MacCarthy, Denis F., 1373. Macchi, Mauro, 1350. McClosky, Cardinal, 1490. McColl, Adam, 1364. M’Combie, Wm., 1327. M’Cormack, Cyrus, 1449. Macdonald, Alex., 1364. Macdonald, Gen. J., 1366. Macdougall, Archdeacon, 1579. Macgregor, Sir C., 1592. Macgregor, Sir G., 1399. M’Hale, Archb., 1364. Maclver, Charles, 150s. Mackarness, Rev. G. R., 1413. Mackenzie, Lieut. -Gen. C., 1364. Maclagan, Alex., 1309. McLaren, Duncan, 1528. McLauchlan, Rev. Dr., 15*9. Maclehose, Jas., 1504. MacClellan, General, 1492. McLoy, K. , 1297. McNeile, Rev. H., 1304. McNeill, Sir John, 1417. Macnee, Sir Daniel, 1367. Macpherson, Col. D., 1570. Macpherson, Gen. Sir H., 1573. Macqueen, Gen. A., 1436. Madvig, J. N., 1584. Maffei, Count, 1500. Magne, M., 1305. Mahdi, 1473. Main, Rev. J. G., 1505. Malins, Sir R., 1367. Malet, Sir A. C., 1581. Manby, Chas., 1452. Mandel, Edward, 1392. Mann, Dr. R. J., 1558. Manning, Fred., 1325. Manteuffel, Gen., 1472. Mariette Bey, 1351. Mario, Albert, 1620. Mario, Signor, 1442. M arlborough, Duke of, 1426. Marsh, H< n. Geo., 1385. Marsham, Dr. R. B., 1350. Marston, P. B., 1594. Obituary, continued — Martin, Frederick. 1401. Martin, Sir Samuel, 1399. Marwood, 1433. Marx, Karl, 1407. Maryland, Bishop of, 1319. Mason, Sir Josiah, 1358. Matheson, John, 1298. Matheson, R. D., 1603. Maxse, Sir Henry, 1434. Maxwell, J. Clerk-, 1320. Mayat, Capt., 1601. Mayer, Dr. Karl, 1459. Mechi, John Jos., 1350. Mecklenburg, Prince of, 1315. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duke, 1412. Medhurst, Sir W„ 1505. Medwin, Pilford, 1346. Meissner, Alfred, 1470. Mellor, Judge, 1607. Melville, Viscount, 1515. Menelaus, Wm., 1372. Merian, Peter, 1411. Merrifield, C. W., 1443. Metcalfe, Sir T. J., 1440. Meteyard, Eliza, 1308. Miall, Edward, 1357. Michel, F., 1612. Michel, Sir John, 1534. Middleton, Admiral, 1589. Miers, John, 1319. Miles, John, 1530. Millar, William, 1367. Miller, Prof. W. H., r 33 s. Mills, Gen. C. W., 1478. Mills, J. R., 1321. Minget, Francis, 1446. Minghetti, Sig., 1584. Moberly, Rt. Rev. G., 1474. Moe, Jorgen, 1372. Moffat, Dr. R. , 1430. Moller, Alex., 1320. Molyneux, Sir J., 1306. Moncreiff, Sir H., 1439. Moncrieffe, SirT., 1316. Montefiore, Sir M., 1478. Montgolfier, Mdlle., 1349. Monti, Raphael, 1363. Moore, A. W., 1592. Moore, Dr., 1312. Moore, Morris, 1504. Moore, T., 1586. Morley, Samuel, 1565. Morris, Prof. J., 1506. Morton, Sir J., 1576. Mountcashell, Earl of, 1436. Mountmorris, Lord, 1345. Muir, Dr. John, 1370. Muir, Sir Wm., 1470. Mulcaster, Gen. W. E., 1592. Mundy, Gen. Sir R., 1459. Mure, Col. Wm., 1347. Murray, Grenville, 1366. Musset, Paul de, 1335. Napier, Sir Joseph, 1397. Napier, Mark, 1321. Napoleon, Prince Louis, 1311. Nash, J., 130X. Neate, Prof., 1302. Negretti, H., 1318. Neilson, J. F., 1360. Neilson, Lilian A., 1342. Netherlands, Prince of, 1302. Nettlefold, Joseph, 1364. Newcastle, Duke of, 1305. Newdegate, C. N., 1604. Newman, Alfred, 1590. Newmarck, Wm., 1372. Nicholas, Prof. M., 1558. Nicoll. Mrs., 1315. Noailles, Due de, 1470. Nobhng, Dr., 1294. Norfolk, Duchess of, 1604. Normanby, Marchioness, 1391. Norton, J. B., 1427. Nottage, Lord Mayor, 1466. INDEX. Obituary, continued — Nugent, F. S. G., 1401. Oakeley, Rev. F., 1327. O’Connell, Morgan, 1461. O'Donovan Rossa shot, 1462. Offenbach, Jacques, 1345. O’ Hagan, Lord Chancellor, 1462. Ollivant, Bishop, 1378. O’Neill, Rev. W., 1413. Onslow, Guildford, 1388. Orange, Prince of, 1312. Orange, Prince of, 1450. Orel, Sir H. St. G., 1484. Ornudale, Lord, 1346. Osborne, Ralph B., 1366. O’Shanas, Sir John, 1416. Overstone, Baron, 1440. Owen, Sir Hugh, 1364. Owen, John, 1401. Pae, David, 1449. Page, David, 1306. Pages, Garnier, 1297. Paget, General, 133P. Palliser, Major Sir W., 1368. Palmer, Chas. J., 1390. Palmer, John H., 1449. Palmer, Samuel, 1358. Panizzi, Sir A., 1308. Pardon, G. F., 1452. Pardy, J, Q., 1599. Parker, John H., 1444. Parkes, Sir H. S., 1465. Parma, Duke of, 1413. Parry, John, 1305. Parry, Serjeant, 1385. Pasha, Cherif, 1606. Paterson, Mrs. E., 1581. Patton, Admiral R., 1433. Paul, Mrs. Howard, 1312. Pauli, Dr. Reinhold, 1381. Payne, George, 1293. Peach, C. W., 1516. Peard, Col. J. W., 1348. Pearson, Sir J., 1532. Pease, Henry, 1358. Peel, General, 1302. Pendola, Padre, 1402. Penn, John, 1295. Penny, Gen., 1587. Perigal, Arthur, 1449. Perry, Sir T. Erskine, 1376. Petitpierre, Gustave, 1460. Petre, Rt. Hon. B., 1451. Phayre, Gen. Sir A., 1503. Phelps, Samuel, 1298. Philips, Canon, 1480. Phillimore, Sir R., 1462. Phillips, Wendell, 1444. Pierre, Admiral, 1434. Pinnock, Rev. W. H., 1501. Pirie, Dr. Wm., 1392. Pitt, Lieut. -Gen., 1410. Planche, J. R., 1336, Plantamour, Prof. E., 1389. Pocock, Lewis, 1391. Polwhell, Gen. T., 1469. Ponchielli, Signor, 1509. Poole, Rev. G. A., 1435. Pope, Gen. G., 1461. Portland, Duke of, 1323. Portugal, King of, 1503. Pothuou, Admiral, 1391. Potter, Bishop, 1587. Potter, Edmund, 1438. Potter, Prof. R., 1536. Potts, Robert, 1480. Pourtales, Countess, 1353. Powell, W., 1365. Pownall, Henry, 1332. Preault, Aug., 1302^ Pressly, Sir C., T327. Prideaux, Helen, 1500. Pritchard, Andrew, 1395. Procter, General, 1489. Pulsford, Dr., 1542. Pumpelly, Harman, 1391. Obituary, continued — Punshon, Rev. W. M., 1355. Pusey, Dr. E. B., 1390. Rabbeth, Dr. S., 1455. Radcliffe, J. N., 1454. Raleigh, Rev. Dr., 1333. Ranavolana II., 1427, 1433. Randolph, C., 1298. Ranke, Prof. L. von, 1534. Rankin, Rev. A., 1568. Rauchenstein, Prof., 1302. Read, Samuel, 1417. Reade, Charles, 1447. Redcliffe, Lord Stratford de, 1342. Redchffe, Viscountess, 1395. Redesdale, Lord, 1529. Reed, Sir Chas., 1354. Reed, Gen. Sir T., 1428. Regnier, Adolphe, 1456. Reichardt, Gustave, 1456. Reid, Capt. Mayne, 1438. Reilly, Gen., 1556. Reyband, Louis, 1320. Ricasoli, Baron, 1346. Rice, James, 1374. Richards, Brinley, 1467. Rich-Jones, Rev. W., 1493. Richmond, Duchess of, 1598. Rigg, Bishop, 1590. Riley, H. T., 1296. Rimmel, E., 1597. Roberts, Col. Milner, 1359. Robertson, Canon, 1383. Robertson, Rev. Dr., 1369. Robertson, Mrs. W., 1447. Robertson, Rev. Dr. W. B., 1547. Robinson, Mary, 1443. Roebuck, J. A., 1322. Rogier, Charles, 1470. Rokeby, Lord, 1418. Romilly, Ed., 1553. Romilly, Col., 1603. Roon, Count von, 1305. Roper, Lieut., 1353. Rose, G. Arthur Sketchley, 1393. Rose, Sir Philip, 1413. Rose, Sir William, 1358. Rosenkranz, Prof., 1312. Ross, Charles, 1458. Ross, Horatio, 1582. Ross, Gen. P. R., 1427. Ross, Sir Wm., 1498. Rossetti, G. C. D., 1373. Roth, Dr. Karl, 1347. Rothschild, Baron C., 1572. Rothschild, Baron Lionel, 1312. Rothschild, Baroness. 1446. Rothschild, Baroness B., 1606. Roubir, Eugene, 1444. Rousby, Mrs., 1309. Rovere, Capt. T. M. della, 1469. Rowan, Marshal, 1318. Roxburghe, Duke of, 1309. Ruge, Dr. Arnold, 1350. Russell, Bishop, 1318. Russell, John, 1415. Russell, John Scott, 1381. Russell, Sir Chas., 1412. Russell, Rev. Lord W., 1521. Russell, Rev. Mon., 1329. Russia, Empress of, 1336. Rutherford, W., 1601. Rylands, P. , 1593. Sabine, General Sir E., 1423. Sabine, Lady, 1322. Sackinson, Dr., 1420. Sainton-Dolby, Madam, 1463. Salacdin, Colonel H., 1364. Saltoun, Lord, 1512. San Donato, Prince, 1462. Sandwith, Dr. H., 1357. Sargent, Rev. T. P., 1446. Sartoris, Mrs. E. T., 1315. Sartorius, Admiral, 1466. Saxe, J. G., 1602. Saxe Meiningen, Duke of, 1396. Obituary, continued - — Say and Sele, Rev. Lord, 1612. Scarlett, Hon. P. A., 1359. Schlagintweit, H. von, 1367. Scholander, Frederick, 1357. Schomann, M., 1308. Schroder, Professor, 1593. Schroeder, Henry, 1424. Schulze, Herr W., 1348. Schwartzenburg, Prince, 1465. Schramm, General, 1445. Scudamore, F. J., 1444. Seafield, Lord, 1447. Sebright, Sir Charles, 1455. Seeley, R. B., 1535. Sent pi 11 , Baroness, 1454. Semple, D., 1301. Sen Chunder, 1443. Seton-Steuart, SirH., 1458. Severn, Joseph, 1315. Seymour, Admiral, 1596. Seymour, Sir G. H., 1327, Shadwell, Admiral Sir C., 1516. Shaen, W., 1597. Shaftesbury, Lord, 1488. Shairp, Principal, i486. Shapira, Dr., 1445. Sharpe, Samuel, 1359. Shaw, H. W,, 1490. Shaw, John, 1417. Shaw, Robert, 1312. Shaw-Lefevre, Sir J., 1316. Sheldon, W. 1442. Shipton, Captain J. M., 1517. Shirley, Evelyn P., 1390. Short, Rev. Aug., 1436. Siam, Regent of, 1400. Siemens, Sir William, 1440. Sigurdsson, Ion, 1323. Sikander, Sultan, 1476. Silliman, Professor B., 1460. Simmons, Colonel J., 1413. Simpson, Rev. C., 1517. Sinclair, Miss M., 1315. Skobeloff, General, 1383. Sleigh, Sergeant, 1590. Smart, Henry, 1313. Smith, Sir H., 1589. Smith, Professor H. S., 1402. Smith, J. P., 1460. Smith, Colonel J. T., 1378. Smith, Penelope, 1398. Smith, R. A., 1449. Smith, W., 1601. Smith, W. C., 1599. Solovieff, Sergius, 1318. Somerset, Duke of, 1500. Somerset, General E. A., 1518. Sonnerit, Elias, 1446. Sothern, E. A., 1351. Spence, Professor James, 1381. Spicer, W. R., 1467. Spottiswoode, Dr. William, 1423. Stamford, Earl of, 1399. Stanley, Dean, 1359. Stanley, Miss Mary, 1321. Staunton, General, 1332. Stebbing, Rev. H., 1435. Steere, Bishop, 1388. Stenhouse, Dr. John, 1350. Stephen, Sir G., 1313. Stephens, Dr. A. J., 1327. Stephenson, D., 1554. Stern, Rev. H. A., 1468. Stevens, William, 1601. Stevenson, T., 1610. Stewart, Sir Herbert, 1462. Stirling-Crawford, 1405. Stirton, George, 1379. Sortmouth, Rev. J., 1368. Stowie, Professor C. E., 1563 Stradbroke, Earl, 1511. Strafford, Earl, 1575. Strahan, Sir G., 1595. Strain, Dr., 1425. • Strathallan, Viscount, is 10. I 1631 INDEX. Obituary, contimied— Strathnairn, Lord, 1491. Stratton, C. H., 1427. Street, Geo. Ed., 1365. Stretton, Lieutenant-Colonel, 1458. Strodtmar.n, A., 1307. Stuart, Charles Edward, 1350. Sullivan, A. M., 1455. Sullivan, Sir E., 1466. Swaby, M. C. M., 1439. Sweeney, Rev. J. B., 1413. Taglioni, Marie, 1448. Taillandier, M., 1305. Tait, Archbishop, 1396. Tait, Mrs. C. , 1299. Talbot de Malahide, Lord, 1412. Talbot, Rev. G., 1572. Tamberlik, Signor, 1401. Tann, General von der, 1356. Tapp, G. W., 1347. Taylor, Sir A., 1309. Taylor, Baron, 1317. Taylor, Sir Henry, 1520. Taylor, General R., 1309. Taylor, Tom, 1339. Teignmouth, Lord, i486. Tennyson, Hon. L., 1527. Terry, H. J., 1346. Theodores, Professor, 1528. Thesiger, Lord Justice, 1346. Thiers, Madame, 1349. Thomas, Edward, 1513. Thomas, Sidney G., 1462. Thompson, G-, 1296. Thompson, Rev. Dr. W., 1570. Thompson, Sir W. T., 1434. Thoms, W. J., 1484. Thomson, Prof. Sir C. W., 1371. Thomson, Prof. D., 1327. Thomson, James, 1381. Thorburn, Robt., 1493. Thornycroft, T., 1485. Thurn and Taxis, Prince of, 1470. “Tibbie Shiels,” 1291. Tilden, S. J., 1558. Todhunter, Dr. J., 14^5. Todleben, General, 1451. “ Tom Thumb,” 1301. Tom Thumb, 1427. Topete, Admiral, 1493. Tcrlonia, Alasandro, 1513. Torrington, Viscount, 1448. Townsend, Rev. R., 1455. Towson, John T., 1351. Travancore, Maharajah, 1480. Trefusis, Col., 1502. Trelawney, Charles, 1432. Trelawney, E. J., 1360. Trench, Archbishop, 1520. Trevelyan, SirC. E., 1544. Trevelyan, SirW. L., 1307. Trimleston, Lord, 1315. Trollope, Anthony, 1397. Triibner, Nicholas, 1447. Tulloch, Mrs., 1601. Tulloch, Principal, 1514. Turquenieff, Ivan, 1433. Turle, Jas., 1384. Turtle, Henry F., 1424. Tytler, General, 1328. Udney-Yule, SirG., 1507. Ullerton, Bishop, 1323. Ulrich, Dr., 1310. Ulrich, General, 1571. Vacher, Charles, 1427. Valerie, T., 1317. Vanderbilt, W. H., 1502. Vane-Tempest, Lord, 1483. Vatel, Charles, 1462. Vaughan, Dr., 1431. Vaux, W. S. W.', 1472. Veitch, Dr. Wm., 1474. Vernon, J. E., 1598. Veullot, Louis, 14 n. Viollet-le-Duc, 1317. Voelecker, Dr. Aug., 1458. 1632 Obituary, continued — Voelker, Prof. K., 1454. Vogel, L., 1316. Vulliemin, L., 1316. Vyvyan, Sir R. R., 1316. Waddell, Capt. J., 1320. Wadeson, Col. R., 1461. Wagner, Richard, 1402. Wagram, Due de, 1594. Waitz, George, 1534. Wakley, Dr. J. P., 1564. Walcott, Rev. M., 1350. Waldemar, Prince, 1308. Walker, Dr. G. A., 1451. Walker, Sir James, 1485. Wallis, A. R., 1298. Walrond, T., 1616. Walsh, Judge, 1482. Walton, James, 1439. Ward, E. M., 1303. Ward, Mrs. Hor. Nelson, 1354. Wark, Wm. Geo., 1383. Watson, Dr. Ed., 1584. Watson, Sir Thomas, 1397. Watson, T., 1598. Watts, Dr., 1593. Waveney, Baron, 1514. Webb, Capt., 1428. Webster, Benj. W., 7383. Webster, T., 1568. Wedderburn, Sir D., 1390. Weed, Thurlow, 1395. Wellesley, Dean, 1390. Wellington, Duke of, 1452. Wemyss, Earl of, 1398. Westmeath, Earl of, 1310. Westminster, Duchess of, 1349. Westphal, Admiral, 1331. Wey, Francis, 1371. Whalley, G. H., 1296. Wheeler, W. A., 1613. White, R. Grant, 1465. White, Henry, 1325. White, Mrs. Meadows, 1458. White, William, 1369. Whiteland, Alex., 1313. Whitworth, Sir J., 1590. Whyte-Melville, John, 1427. Whyte-Melville, J. G., 1299. Wigan, Mrs. A., 1448. Wigan, A. S., 1299. Wigan, Horace, 1481. Wilberforce, W., 1311. Williams, Dr. C., 1313. Williams, Joshua, 1364. Williams, Mr. Justice, 1452. Williams, General Sir W., 1428. Wilson, Andrew, 1358. Wilson, Sir Erasmus, 1452. Wilson, C. Heath, 1383. Wilson, Robert, 1385. Wilson, General T. F., 1516. Wilton, Earl of, 1370. Wilton, Earl of, 1461. Wimpffen, Count, 1398. Winchelsea, Earl of, 1615. Winchester, Charles, 1332. Winkworth, Susanna, 1458. Wood, Mrs. Henry, 1594. Woodford, Sir J., 1307. Woodward, J. J., 1454. Wordsworth, Bishop, 1464. Wordsworth, William, 1402. Worsley, Dr., 1462. Wortley, Hon. J. A. S., 1361. Wright, J. S., 1332. Wrcttesley, Marg. 1415. Wullerstorf-Urbain, Admiral, 1431. Wurtemburg, Prince of, 1587. Wyatt, Thomas H., 1342. Wyld, J., 1604. Wynn, Sir E. W. W., 1468. Wyon, A. B., 1449. Wyon, E. W., 14^3. Yolland,” Colcnel W., 1485. Yorke, Sir Charles, 1348. Obituary, continued — Young, Dr. Jas., 1416. Young, Sir W., 1610. Zecchio, Seb. 1510. Zimmerman, Dr. E., 1329. O’Donnovan, Merv Envoy, 1364. O’.Hagan, resignation of Lord, 1364. Orr-Ewing will litigation, 1442. O’Shea, Captain, 1539. Oxford — Halls abolished, 1322. Prof; Jowett, Vice-Chancellor, 1436. P. Paget, Lady, presents picture “ House of Commons” in 1793, to National Portrait Gallery, 1475. Palgrave, Prof. F. T., 1499. Palmer, Prof., 1406, 1410. Panama canal, 1311. Parcel post, 1529. Parliament — Berlin Congress, 1293, 1309. War vote, 1292. Ogle’s death, 1293. Prorogued, 1293. Affghan affairs, 1300. Rhodope Commission, 1300. Princess Alice, Address of Condo- lance, 1300 Adjourns, 1300. Re-assembles, 1304. Irish Borough Franchise, 1304. Burials Bill, 1303. Army Discipline, 1306, 1314. Army Estimates, 1306. Household Suffrage, 1306. Navy Estimates, 1306. Local option, 1307, 1337. Gothenburg licenses, 1307. Hypothec (Scotland), 1307. Zulu War, 1307, 1308. Budgets, 1308, 1330. Reciprocity, 1309. Sunday Museums, 1309. Marriage Bill, 1309. Volunteers (Ireland), 1309, 1315. Foreign policy, 1310. Election polling, 1312 Banking Bill, 1312. Public Prosecutor, 1312. Napuleon, death of Prince, 1313. Irish University Bill, 1313-15. North of England L'niversity, 1313. Indian Loan, 1315. Zulu War expenses, 1313* Afghan War thanks, 1315. Address divisiop, 1328, 1335. Afghan policy, 1328, 1336. Obstruction debates, 1329. Grissel case, 1329. Bradlaugh case, 1334, 1335, 1337. Challemel-Lacour case, 1337. Compensation for Disturbance Bill, 1342. Forster on Ireland, 1343. Prolonged sittings, 1343, 1352. Prorogation, 1343. Opened, 1351. House of Lords on Afghanistan, ^351- Address carried, 1351. Protection Bill, 1351, 1352, 1353. Land League denounced, 1352. Suspension of Irish M.P’.s, 1352. Peace Preservation Bill, 1353* Budget, 1355. Irish Land Bill, 1355, 1356, 1358, 1359- i 3 6 °. !368. Prorogued, 1361, 1387, 1397. Opened, 1368, 1391, 1402. Bradlaugh expelled, 1356, 1360, 1368, 1369, 1415, 1426. INDEX. Parliament, continued — Procedure rules, 1369, I374> 1392, 1393. 1394, 1395 - a L ords inqu.ry into Land Act, 1308. Redmond named, 1373. Kilmainham overtures, 1373, 1374- Budget, 1374. Redmond’s Land Bill, 1374. Adjournment on Phoenix Park Mur- ders, 1377. Prevention of Crimes Bill, 1378, 1380, 1381. New Land Bill, 1397. Kilmainham Treaty, 1379, 1405, 1407, 1410. Electric light committee, 1380. Sunday Museums, 1380. Derby day sitting. 1380. Deceased Wife’s Sister Bill. 1381. Naming of 16 members, 1382. Parcels post, 1382, 1386. Urgency debates, 1382, 1385. Prevention of Crimes bill, 1383. Channel Tunnel, 1384. Arrears Bill, 1384, 1385, 1386. Egyptian debate, 1385. Educational Endowments, 1385. Educational report, 1385. Corrupt Practices Bill, 1386. Thanks to Egyptian forces, 1392. Egyptian affairs, 1394. “ Irish Invincibles,” 1404. Parliamentary Oaths Bill, 1404. Debate on Address, 1404. Lake district railway, 1405. Ashburnham MSS., 1407. Manchester Ship Canal, 1408, 1425, 1428, 1452. Easter adjournment, 1408. Budget, 1410, 1448. Explosives Act, 1411, 1412. Grain Committees, 1411. Channel Tunnel, 1411, 1422, 1423. Pensions to A Wolseley and Alcester, 1412. Criminal Investigation, 1412. Treatment of Prisoners, 1413. Metropolitan Railway Bill, 1414. Crime in Ireland, 1415. Affirmation Bill, 1415. Crofter Commission, 1416. Mr. Errington’s Mission, 1418. Suez Canal, 1418. Kerry Sentinel. 1418. Agricultural Holdings Bill, 1419. O’Kelly and McCoan dispute, 1419. Deceased Wife’s Sister Bill, 1421, 1448, 1424. Naval Discipline BUI, 1421 Alleged breach of privilege by Mr. Bright, 1422. Sea Fisheries Bill, 1422- Local Government Scotland, 1424. Annexation in Pacific, 1425. Ennerdale railway, 1426, 1445. Ashburnham, MSS , 1426. French in Madagascar, 1426, 1431. Suez Canal Co , 1426, 1427. Long sitting, 1428, 1431. Irish Constabulary Bill, 1428. Irish emigration, 1428. Agricultural holdings, 1430, 1432. Prorogation, 1432, 1453. Patent Acts, 1443. Soudan affairs, 1444, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452. Lord Rossmore, 1445. Sir H. Brand retires, 1445. Mr. A. W. Peel, Speaker, 1445. Housing of working classes, 1445. Franchise Bill, 1445, 1447, 1448. Sunday opening of museums, 1446. Illness of Speaker, 1446. Merchant Shipping Bill, 1448. Egyptian finance, 1448, 1450. Local Vote, Scotland, 144.8. Parliament, continued — Secretary for Scotland, 1449, 1450. Scottish Universities, 1449. Ecclesiastical assessments, 1450. Efficiency of House of Lords, 1450. Winter Session opened, 1456. Aston riots, 1456. Bechuanaland, 1456. Franchise Bill, 1456, 1457, 1458. Reform of House of Lcrds, 1457. Redistribution negotiations, 1457. Nile Expedition, 1456. Income tax raised, 1457. Redistribution Bill, 1458, 1462, 1464. Navy additions to, 1458. Soudan Policy, 1463. Closure applied, 1463. Grant to Gordon’s family, 1463. Afghan affairs, 1464, 1465, 1466. Easter Adjournment, 1465. Vote of credit, 1467. Budget, 1467, 1474, Registration of Voters’ Bill, 1467. Afghap frontier, 1468, 1480. Manchester Ship Canal, 1468, 1479, 1480, 1544. Channel Tunnel, 1468. Crimes Act, 1469. Beer and Spirit duties, 1471. Change of Ministry, 1471, 1472. Opening of Parliament, 1474, 1507, 1509. Bradlaugh excluded, 1474. Royal Commission on trade, 1474. 1485, 1489. Baron Rothschild, 1474. Westminster Hall, 1476. Crimes Act, 1476. Medical Relief Bill, 1477. Bright on Parnellites, 1478. Cart Navigation Bill, 1478. Statue to General Gordon, 1479. Indian Budget, 1480. Load line commission, 1481. Criminal Law Amendment, 1482, 1484. Thanks Egyptian forces, 1482, 1483. Prorogation, 1483, 1545. Dissolution, 1497. Irish Party, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1507. Procedure rules, 1510. Burmese affairs, 1510. Defeat of Ministry, 1510, 1511, 1515- Suppression of National League, 1510. New Ministry formed, 1512. New Peers and Baronets, 1512. Irish Policy, 1514, 1516, 1540. Hereditary Legislators, 1517. Welsh disestablishment, 1517. Naval efficiency, 1518. Church of Scotland Bill, 1519. Sunday opening of museums, 1519. Cost of Gordon relief expedition, 1520. Scotch disestablishment, 1520. Foreign competition, 1521. Court dress, 1520. Home Rule Bill of 1886, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1530, 1531, 1533, *534, I 535> I53 6 . 1 ^37- Resignation of Sir T. E. May, 1526. Budget, 1526. Peace Preservation Bill, 1526. Irish Land Purchase, 1526, 1534. Capital punishment, 1531. Home Rule petitions, 1532. Irish Arms Act, 1533, *536- Defeat of Government, 1537. Dissolution, 1539, 1540. Crofter commission, 1540. Dissolved, 1547. Speaker Peel, 1558. Re-assembles, 1561. Parliament, continued — Debate on address, 1562-3. Tenant Relief Bill, 1565, 1567. Scotch Fishery Board, 1565. Barlavilla murders, 1565. Fahy prosecution, 1568. Sir E. Buller’s report, 1566. Crofter grievances, 1594. Jury-packing, 1595. Procedure rules, 1595, 1596. Jubilee service, 1597. Public Meeting in Ireland, 1597. Father Kellar, 1599. Closure rule carried, 1599. Urgency debate, 1601. Crimes (or Coercion) Bill, 1600, 1601, 1602-3-4-5, 1607, 1611, 1614, 1615. 1618. Land (Ireland) Bill, 1602, 1607. Privilege debates, 1603. Dillon, J., 1606. Budget debate, 1607. Dillon charges, 1608. ■** Parnellism and Crime,” 1608, 1609. Duke of Connaught Bill, 1610. Police enfranchisement, 1611. Bodyke evictions, 1616. Parliament, Sessions of— 1878. Jan. 17 to Aug. 16. ,, Dec. 5 to Aug. 15, 1879. 1880. Feb. 5 to Mar. 24. ■ (New) April 29 to Nov. 18, 1885. 1886. (New) Aug. 5 to Sept. 25. 1887. Jan. 27 to Sept. 16. Parnell, C. S. — Motion to censure the Speaker, I 3J4- . at Limerick, 1317. at Navan, 1319. at Manchester, 1321. proceeds to New York, 1323. on boycotting at Ennis, 1344. imprisoned, 1346. Irish leader, 1350. at Wexford, 1363; imprisoned, 1363. released, 1367. on Phoenix Park tragedy, 1317. attacked by Times , 1379. banquet to, 1442. at Liverpool, 1499. at Portsmouth, 1546. at Manchester, 1549. introduces Tenant Relief Bill, 1565, 1567- letter to Fitzgerald, 1569. on coercion, 1592. division on address, 1594- appeals to America, 1602. on Crimes Bill, 1602. Times' letter, 1605. in defence, 1605. Pamellite scenes in the Commons, 1313, 1316, 1608. Passion Play, 1335. Pasteur, M., 1381, 1508, 1516, 1518, I 53S- Pathan attack, 1332. Patti, Madame A., 1478, 1539, 1593. Pearson, General, presentation, 1318. Pearson, Mr. John, 1391. Pedestrian feats, 1303, 1306. Gale at Lillie Bridge, 1351. Peddie Frauds, 1401. Peers, new, 1332, 1336, 1362, 1556. Pemba Island, slave trade, 1365. Pepys, memorial bust, 1446. Peterborough Cathedral, 1399, 1612. Saxon remains, 1437. Peterhead, oil experiments at, 1370. Phelps, Hon. E. J., 1469. Phillimore, Sir Robt., retired, 1407. Pinto, Major Serpa, 1355. Pit-brow women, 1611. 1633 INDEX. “ Plan of Campaign," 1573, 1580, 1585. Plumptre, Rev. E., Dean of Wells, 1364. Plymouth, accident, 1557. Polytechnic closed, 1361. Poonah , dangerous voyage of, 1463. Pope Leo XIII.— encyclical, 1354. on Great Britain, 1576. receives Italian pilgrims, 1436. Port Glasgow, murder at, 1402. Portraits, National Gallery of, 1475. Portugal — Marriage of Crown Prince, 1534. Post-cards, reply, 1520. Post-Office Report, 1387. 6 d. telegrams, 1424. Parcels post, 1428, 1430. telephone concessions, 1452. Postal acceleration, 1473. Postal changes, 1586. Potato celebration, 1582. Price, Dr., last of Druids, 1443. Primrose League, 1467, 1520, 1527, Princess Alice , sinking of, 1293, 1297, 1298. Prussia — Dr. Falck, 1315. Frederick celebration, 1560. trade guilds, 1 302. treaty with Austria, 1304. Punch , alleged libel, 1581. Q- Queen Victoria — reviews Special Service Fleet, 1292. at Dunbar, 1293. address of condolence, 1300. expression of sorrow, 1301. in Italy, 1307, 1308, 1209. great-grandmother, 1310. visited by German Empress, 1310. visits Netley Hospital, 1316. confers military honours, 1323. opens Parliament, 1327. visits Germany, 1331. reviews troops at Aldershot, 1334- presents Albert medal at Ferrybridge LSSS- reviews regulars, 1340. Prince Imperial’s monument, 1340. visits troopship Jumna, 1343. reviews volunteers, 1359, 1361. at Abergeldie theatricals, 1363. memorial to Earl Beaconsfield, 1370. fired at, 1370. at Mentone, 1371. return from Continent, 1373. at Epping Forest, 1375. threatened by Young. 1380. presents colours to 66th regiment, decorates Egyptian troops 1387, I 394 * opening of Law Courts, 1395, 1396. prayer for, at Cairo, 1397. fall, at Windsor, 1408. on co-operation, 1430. at Darmstadt, 1447, 1447. decorates P.C. Cole, 1462. letter on investments, 1489 decorates Egyptian officers, 1499. visits Frogmore, 1503. opens Parliament, 1509. at Albert Hall, 15x6. at Medical Examination Hall, 1519. letter to Mrs. Tulloch, 1520. letter to Elizabeth Mouat, 1521. at Colonial Exhibition, 1530. at Liverpool, 1530, 1531. presents statue to Oxford, 1535. 50th year cf reign, 1544. 1634 Queen Victoria, continued — opens Holloway College, 1548. review at Aldershot, 1550. colonial visitors, 1551. visits Edinburgh, 1560. Soudan decorations, 1587. Jubilee rejoicings, 1594. Westminster service, 1597. visits Birmingham, 1600. at Cannes, 1603. at Grand Chartreuse, 1607. City of London address, 1610. at Wild West Show, 1610. opens People’s Palace, Mile End, 1 6ro. Medal from Society of Arts, 1614. leaves Balmoral,* 1616. Jubilee royal procession, 1617. letter of thanks, 1618. Queensberry, Marquis of, 1394. R. St. Leger. Jannette. Rayon d’Or. Robt. the Devil. Iroquois. Dutch Oven. Ossian. The Lambkin. Melton. Ormonde. Races — Derby. 1878 Sefton. 1879 Sir Bevys. 1880 Bend Or 1881 Iroquois. 1882 Shotover. 1883 St. Blaise. 05, ( St. Gatien. 188 4 \ Harvester. 1885 Melton 1886 Ormonde. 1887 Merry Hampton. Kilwarlin. OxFO-RD AND CAMBRIDGE BOAT Race. 1878 Oxford. 1879 Cambridge. 1880 Oxford. 1881 Oxford. 1882 Oxford. 1883 Oxford. 1884 Cambridge. 1885 Oxford. 1886 Cambridge. 1887 Cambridge. Railway Accidents — Baden, Hugstettin, 1389. Baltimore, 1587. Berlin, 1433, Blackburn, 1360. Boston, 1592. Brickfield, Lancashire, 1325. Bromley, 1395. Canonbury Junction, 1365. Cardigan Bay, 1398. Coppall, 1443. Cork, 1294. Dunbar, 1388. Fairfield Road, Festiniog, 1397. Finsbury Park, Fire in Pullman, 1392. Glasgow City district, 1518. Glasgow, Eglinton Street, 1408. Golspie, 1499. Hornsey, 1367. L. and N. W., attempted upset, 1354 - Lockerby Junction, 1416. London District, 1484. Marshall’s meadows, 1342. Midland at Kibworth, 1345. Monte Carlo, 1517. Nancy, 1315. New York, 1367. Nine Elms, 1344. Ohio, 1292. Paisley, Pennilee, 1344, 1350, 1409. Penistone, 1451, 1460. 1368. C 5 I 3 * Railway Accidents, continued— Plymouth, 1497. Silver Creek, 1566; Sittingbourne, 1293. Taff Valley, 1296. Wisconsin, 1575. Zuriff, 1395. Railway opened — Sydney and Wagga, 1294. Ramsay, Miss, Senior Classic, 1617. Rangoon, King Theebaw, 1305. Ranke, Prof., 1504. Reay, Lord, 1457. Reform Club Jubilee, 1616. Reviews — Regulars at Windsor, 1340. Richmond, Professor, 1310. Richmond, Duke of, 1483, 1497. Ridding, Dean, 1444. Riot at Mallow, 1336. Riots — Aldershot, 1571. Amsterdam, 1535. Belfast, 1537, 1539, 1540, 1542, 1553, 1556, 1561, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1591:. Blantyre, 1593. Chatham, 1615. Chicago, 1530, 1562. Coatbridge, 1431. Cork and Sligo, 1581. Dublin, 1551. Galway, 1566. Leicester, 1513. Lichfield, 1450. Ramsgate, 1571. Sheffield, 1458. Sligo, 1541. Trafalgar Square, 1513, 1514. Ripon, Lord, on Sir R. Churchill, 1484. on Burmah, 1490. addresses Strand Liberals, 1 570. at Paisley, 1578. at Birmingham, 1591. Ripon, 1000th anniversary, 1563. Rivington, accident to Mrs., 1338. Robberies — Isle of Man Bank, 129.3. Liverpool Bank, 1296. Peace, Blackheath, 1298, 1303. Palmer, Nottingham, 1328. Post Office, 1331. French Mail, 1580. Lord Eldon’s jewels, 1342. Hatton Garden P. O., 1364. Trevor, jewellery of Lord, 1 365, 1 5 1 6. Peking Winter Palace, 1373. Bowler jewellery, 1388. Government despatches, 1463. Kentish Town, 1540. Hatton Garden, 1469. Glasgow jewellery, 1485. Italian railway, 1494. diamonds of Mr. Tabak, 1520. Roberts, Gen Sir F., 1490. Rochdale, new Infirmary, 1402. Rome — Sale in Vatican, 1302. Excavations in Forum, 1392. Vatican library opened, 1431. Rosebery, Earl of— Home coming, 1292. at Linlithgow, 1568. Lord Rector of Edinburgh, 1346. retires from Home Office, 1420. at Dunfermline, 1433. Lord Privy Seal, 1462. receives Freedom of Edinburgh, 1427. in Edinburgh, 1496. in Paisley, 1490. at Kilmarnock, 1491. at Wrexham, 1492. on Ministry, 1537. at Newcastle, 1572. Rossini, remains of, 1608. INDEX. Rothschild, Mr. L., marriage, 1351. Sales, continued '■ — Sherbora annexed, 1429. Rothschild, SirN. de, 1472. Advowson, 1382. Shipwrecks— “ Round Table ” Conference, 1589. Beckford Library, 1398, 1427, 1441. A /isa, 1347. Roumania, Charles 1. King, 1354. Throne of Louis XIV., 1467. Alfonso XII . , 1502. Roumanian Jews, 13x8. Osterley Park Library, 1468. Aliiance, 1458. Rowing — Burns’ relics, 1479. American , 1333. Arrogante , 1307. Cross Channel, 1478. Picture of Mr. W. Graham, 1324. Rowton, Baron, 1333. Lord Dudley’s china, 1534. Asia, 1390. Atalanta, 1334. Royal Red Cross decorations, 1414. Marlborough, 1559. Rugby School, 1579. Great Eastern, 1595. Austral, 1394. Ruskin, Mr. J-, 1529, 1539. Buccleuch, 1599. Bengore, 1326. Russia — Skelmorlie paintings, 1608. French Crown Jewels, 16x2. Borussia , 1322. Brighton, 1501. Cheerful, 14 77. Chief of Police murdered, 1293 Grand Duke Nicholas exiled, Crawford, 1616. 1304. Salisbury, Marquis of — City of Columbus, 1443. change of Ambassadors, 1306. invested with the Order of the Gar- City of Manchester, 1498. Clan Macduff, 1363. attempts on Czar, 1309, 1602. ter, 1291. banquet to, 1291. Repressive measures, 1302, 1310. Columbine , 1513. Moscow plots, 1314, at Manchester, 1319. Commonwealth, 1323. withdraws troops from Roumelia, Conservative leader, 1357. Diinbar, 1552. 1315- at Newcastle, 1363. Floors Castle , 1383. Meeting of Emperors, 1317. at Edinburgh, 1395. Galatea. 1347. Tashkend affairs, 1320. on Mr. Chamberlain, 1423. Golden City , 1372. attempts to blow up Czar, 1322, on House of Lords, 1454. on Conservative principles, 1473. Goshawk , 1552. Haddingtonshire, 1484. 1328. Constitutional Reform, 1323. at Mansion House, 1479. Herder, 1391. Police despotism, 1329,, 1330- on Parnellites, 1485. Indian Chief 1351. Jews expelled, 1333. at Newport, 1489. Iris, 1433. Nihilist Trials, 1335. in South London, 1493. feddah , 1342. Livadia, 1339. at Guildhall, 1494. at St. Stephen’s Club, 1498. I ones, G. I., 1433. Trial of Nihilists, 1346. Kenmare Castle, 1401. Capture of Geok Tepe, 1351. Assassination of Emperor, 1354. at deputation of unemployed, 1512. Life boat, 1477. on Mr. Gladstone’s Irish Policy, Livadia, 1297. Trial of regicides, 1355, 1450. 1514- , T Lively, 1420, 1424. Anti-Jewish Riots, 1357, 1366. at St. James s Hall, 1532. Oregon, 1518, 1528. Pochard , 1458. Ignatieff Minister of Interior, 1357. at Grocers’ Co., 1535. Chinese Treaty, 1357. at Hatfield, 1541. San Augustin, 1442. Southport life-boat, 1583-4-5. attempts on Czar, 1360. at Leeds, 1543. at St. James’s Hall, 1548. Czar at Neufahrwasser, 1361. Suffolk, 1569. Education in, 1363. General Strelinkoff shot, 1372, Meeting of supporters, 1555. forms Ministry, 1556. (See Table of Tasmania, 1606. Teuton , 1361. Prince Gortschakoff resigns, 1373. Administrations.) Victoria, 1604, 1609: Nihilists in Moscow, 1373, 1382. at St. Alban’s, 1567. Wasp, 1454. Warsaw Academy closed, 1410. at Guildhall, 1577. Siamese Embassy, 1339. Coronation of Czar, 1417, 1418. on Hospital Support, 1580. Silver, price of, 1296. Ladoga canal, 1423. City Conservative Club, 1583. Simmons, Inspector, shot, 1461. Nihilism in Warsaw, 1437. Conservative meeting, 1595. Singh, Maharajah Dhuleep, 1527. Accident at Sievonko, 1437. at Battersea, 1606. Skye, Crofters, 1373, 1408, 1416, 1457, 1464. Gen. Sudeikin shot. 1442. Salmon, large, in Tay. 1458. annexation of Merv, 1444, 1445. Salvation army expelled, 1402, 1436. disturbance in, 1508. on Afghan Frontier, 1446, 1448, Sandown Castle dismantled, 1388. rates, 1553. 1450, 1464, 1465- Savage Club scholarship, 1426. Smith, Benjamin Leigh, 1355. Marriage of Grand Duke, *450 Schanabele arrest, 1606. Smith, Rev. Robertson, case of, 1311, Czar at W arsaw, 1454. Schliemann, Dr. H. , 1471. 1336, 1357- Emperors at Skiernivice, 1454. Schnadhorst testimonial, 1575, 1598. Smithfield Cattle Club, 1459. Disclaims Herat, 1460. Socotra annexed, 1575. Smuggling in Hull, 1503. Revolt at Irkutsk, 1462. Scotland — Socialist demonstration, 1563, 1576, Penjdeh affair, 1466. Lord Clerk Register, 1306. 1597, 1603. Maritime canal, 1470. Representative peers, 1332. Social Science Association, 1318, 1336. on Servo-Roumelian War, 1501. Catholic council, 1566. dissolved, 1525. enter Penjdeh, 1516. Education committee, 1582. Scottish self-government, 1542. •Sophocles “Ajax” performance. Czar’s address to Navy, 1533. „ I 395- Batoum, 1551. Scottish peers election, 1554. Soudan (see Egypt.) railway to Merv, 1554. Scout, H. M.S., 1484. Spain — Emperor and Don Cossacks, 1612. Secession Fathers, memorial, 1441. attempt to shoot the King, 1297, S. Selkirk, Alex., statue, 1502. Sempach celebration, 1551. Servia — Kingdom proclaimed, 1370. 1302. Extradition treaty, 1299. Marshal Campas, 1308. marriage of King, 1322. St. Alban’s Abbey, 1491. War with Bulgaria, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1516. Severn Bridge, 12I7, 1319, 1564. Severn Tunnel flooded, 1437. birth of Princess, 1344, 1394. remains of El Cid restored, 1401. St. Andrew’s University, proposed re- Mutiny at Badajoz, 1429. moval, 1419, 1500. King in Germany, 1435. St. Gothard railway, 1380. Seymour, Admiral, peerage to, 1395. King in Paris, 1436. St. Kilda, 1491. Shaftesbury, Lord — Dispute with France, 1437. Crofter Commission at, 1420. at anti-vivisection meeting, 1413. Earthquakes in, 1459, 1460. St. Paul’s new bell, 1380. Death, 1488. Cholera in, 1472, 1474, 1477, 1479, Sales — Funeral, 1490. 1483, 1484. Blenheim heirlooms, 1449. Memorial, 1490; Carolines’ Arbitration, 1490, 1501, 1503, 1507. death of King Alfonso XII., 1502, Fontaine collection, 1450. Suicide, 1525. Wombwell’s Menagerie, 1452. Shakespeare — Syston Park Library, 1459. Memorial at St. Helens, 1445. Queen Christina, 1505. Sunderland Library, 1365, 1409. Show in Albert Hall, 1449. marriage of Infanta Eulalia, 1517. Swinton estate, 1370. Anniversary, 1485. Bishop of Madrid shot, 1527. “Jumbo,” 1370. Shapira forgeries, 1429, 1445. birth of Alfonso XIII., 1532. Hamilton palace, 1381, 1384, 1449. Sheffield accident, 1563. meeting at Madrid, 1567. 1635 U U* INDEX. Spalding Club, new, 1578. Spencer, Earl, banquet to, 1478, Spurgeon Testimonial, 1310. Stair, Earl, Lord Rector of Glasgow, „ x 457- Standard — Prints Redistribution Scheme, 1455. Stanley, Dean, Memorial to, 1365. Stanley, H. M. — African discoveries, 1427. arrives at Plymouth, 1452. in Glasgow, 1439, 1589, 1592. Staple Inn, 1580. Statistical Society on wages, 14^1, c J 47 2 - Statues unveiled — Balfe, M., 1298. Beethoven, 1334. Burns (Kilmarnock), 1316. Clarkson, 1319. Cobden, 1581. Dr. Chalmers, Edinburgh, 1292. Falkland, 1294. Fawcett, Prof., 1591. Gordon, General, 1567. Grotius, M., 1569. Livingstone, D-, 1307. Pathron, Miss, 1571. Tegethoff, Gen., 1568. Thalberg, 1317. Thiers, M. , 1315. Stephens, Judge, 1303. Stephenson, George, centenary, 1358. Stewart, General Sir D., 1506. Stone, Mr., 1587. Storms — London, 1602. Hungary, 1293. England and Scotland, 1295, 1572. Philadelphia, 1297. severe frost, 1301. Geneva, 1305. Richmond, 1314. Riviera, 1322. Tay Bridge calamity, 1324. Channel, 1583. Cyclone in Wisconsin, 1417. In Midlands, 1425. Minnesota, 1431, Gale in S.W. Counties, 1433, 1442. Dominica. 1433. Gale and high tides, 1437. Cyclone in Burmah, 1449. r l hunderstorm in Scotland, 1468. Vienna, 1469. Scotland, N.E. Coast, 1483. Bengal, 1487. Colon, 1501. Midlands, 1507, 1520. Snow, 1506, 1517. Madrid, 1531. Midlands, 1532. Snowstorm, 1350, 1385, 1396, 1397. Shetland, 1359. Gales, 1363, 1374, 1401. Iowa tornado, 1381. Bath and Warwickshire floods, 1392. Grindelwald, 1392. Madrid, 1397. Snow in London, 1465. Story, Professor, 1577. Street, Mr. G. E. statue, 1516. Str.kes — Armstrong, Mitchell, & Co., 1485, 1487, 1488. Blackburn Weavers, 1335. Caledonian Railway, 1399. Carpet weavers, 1447. Her Majesty’s Theatre, 1517. Knights of Labour, 1521. Lancashire Colliers, 1351, 1352. Liverpool Seamen, 1304, 1305. Midland Railway, 1301. Nailmakers, 1344. Pottery workers, 1364. Staffordshire Ironworkers, 1426. Strikes, continued — Tyne Shipwrights, 1515. U.S. Ironworkers, 1426. Venetian Gondolieri, 1364. Strome Ferry Affray, 1420, 1427, 1431, *435- Stubbs, Bishop of Chester, 1444. Suez Canal Company, 1539. Suicides — Archer, Fred., 1577. Arnim, Countess, 1572. Otranto, Duchess of, 1599. Sullivan, Sir E., 1441. Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1324. Sunday School centenary, 1338. Sunderland — Victoria Hall accident, 1422, 1423, 1425, 1430. Svendson, Capt., voyage of, 1483. Sweatman, Bishop, 1387. Sweden — marriage of Crown Prince, 1362. Switzerland- capital punishment, 1310. fire at Mayenfeld, 1360. landslip at Elm, 1362. Synge, Col., captured, 1328. T. Tadema, Alma, R.A., 1312. Tait, Archbishop — death of, 1396. correspondence with Mr. Macko- nochie, 1397. bust in Westminster Abbey, 1457. Tannahill memorial, 1438. Tanner, Dr., 1342. Tavistock Place Chapel, 1372, Tay Bridge calamity, 1324, 1329, 1330. disaster report, 1339. inspected, 1617. Taylor, Miss Helen, 1470. Telegrams, sixpenny, 1488. Treasury Minute, regarding, 1424. Telegraph, African, 1555. forms, 1510. to the Cape, 1324. Telephone experiment, 1591. Tell’s chapel removed, 1304. Temperance Congress, 1553. Temperance Jubilee, 1389. Temple, Sir R., 1428. Tennyson, Baron, 1443. Terry, Mr , tricyclist. 1428. Thiers statue unveiled at Nancy, i3i5- Thomson, Mr. J., on Congo, 1507. Tichborne claimant released, 1455. Times on Mr. Parnell, 1379. Times “Parnell letter,” 1605. Tobacco statistics, 1316. cultivation of, 1527. English grown, 1567. Torpedo experiments, 1615. Toxophilite Society, 1363. Trade depression, 1589. Trades Union Congress, 1434. Tramways in United Kingdom, 1397. Transvaal — disaster to troops, 1350. Lamg’s Neck, 1352. Majubahill, 1353. armistice, 1354. convention, 1360. suspension of payment, 1478. Treaties — Anglo-Spanish Commercial, 1555. Austria and Prussia, 1304. Austria and Turkey, 1304, 1309. Russia and Turkey, 1304. United States Extradition, 1547, 1554- Trevelyan, G. O. — at Buckrose, 1481. at Hawick, 1590. at Liskeard, 1599. Irish Secretary, 1377. on Crimes Bill, 1604. on law and order, 1598. on Liberal party, 1607, 1611. Trials — Adams v. Coleridge, 1458, 1579, 1580. Addiscott, Laura, 1318. Agar-Ellis infants, 1291. Albicore, Captain of, 1493. Allcard v. bkinner, 1591. Annandale peerage, 1359. Auriol, 1386. Bagot will case, 1332. Bartlett and Dyson, 1515, 1524, 1529- Belt libel, 1398. Belt, R. and W., 1509, 1518. Bend Or, 1358. Biggarz/. Hyland, 1407. Black v. Dicks, 1587. Boydell, C. H., 1^82. Bradlaugh v. Newdegate, 1414. Bristol Bank Directors, 13x8. Brooke libel, 1456. Caird v. Sime, 1492. Callanv. Sullivan, 1349. Campbell divorce, 1580, 1583-4, 1585- Channel Tunnel, 1383. Clarence mutineers, 1534. Clyde court martial, 1398. Continental mail robbery, 1537. Coombe v. Edwards, 1297. Crawford v. Dilke, 1481, 1515, 1529, 1541- Crofters, 1408, 1573, 1586, (Lewis) 1463, (Skye) 1464. Der Freiheit, 1354, 1535. Dilke v. Crawford, 1549, 1553, 1554, 1555- Dillon, John, 1584. Dillon, and others, 1587, 1593, 1596. Devon fishing case, 1584, 1599. Dudley, Mrs., 1473. Duncan, John, 1301. Durham, Loid, 1464. Dynamiters, 1413, 1421, 1430, 1442, 1462, 1469. Easton, engine-driver, 1434. Ebrard v. Gassier, 1477. Edison Telephone Co., 1348. Emma Mining Co. v. Grant, 1341. Euston Square mystery, 1323. Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1539. Finch, G., 1558. Flannagan, poisoner, 1437. Fletcher, spiritualist, 1355. Fortescue v. Garmoyle, 1457. Freeman's Journal , 1587. Freethinker , 1384, 1406, 1412. Freiheit, 1379, 1386. Ginnet v. Pall Mall Gazette , 1525. Glasgow City Bank Directors, 1304, 1310. Gla igow City Bank Trustees, 1308. Gosset (Jersey Bank), 1530. Gouldstone, 1434. Guiteau, 1367. Heywood v. Bishop of Manchester, J443- Hinton, “Viscount,” 1519. Hollingshead v. Blackpool Winter Garden Co., 1402. Hoxtcn murder, 1602. Inglis estate, 1585. Jarrett and Stead, 1485, 1487, 1494, 1496, 1509. Keatinge, impostor, 1584. Kerry Sentinel , 1420. Labouchere and Beefsteak Club, 1322. INDEX . Trials, continued — Labouchere and Lawson, 1319. Lawson, 1371. Lawson v. Labouchere, 1354. Lee, James, 1467. Lee, John, 1462. Ley’s case, 1560. Lilley divorce case, 1348. Lytton v. Devey, 1456, 1460. Mackie, Rev. J., 1572. Mackonochie case, 1313, 1321. Maclean, 1373. Malcolm v. Dash, 1487. Martin v. Mackonochie, 1355, 1368, J 397> 1427, 1442; Maskelyne v. Irving Bishop, 1460, M73- Mignonette officers, 1454. Moonlighters, 1504. Nero, impostor, 1583. Netherby Hall burglars, 1495, 1498, 1505, 1509. Nihilists, 1335, 1346. Northern Counties Insurance Direc- tors, 1340. O’Donnell, 1434, 1437. Ogilvie (Northern Counties Bank), 1437- Oxford, Bishop, "J. Carter, 1306-11 Paine, J. L., 1328. Park Club gamblers, 1444. Parker, cannibal, 1559. Peace, 1298, 1304, 1307. Perry, 1344. Phoenix Park murderers, 1400, 1401, 1403. 1414, 1415. 1419- Port-Glasgow murderers, 1414. Powell, 1437. Queensberry divorce, 1590. Ridgeway libel, 1608. Ritualists, 1347, 1384. Riviere v. Cooper, 1334. Riviere v. Weldon, 1329. Rowskowsky, 1481. Ryan v. Donelly, 1533. Sandoval, Col., 1600. Schwalm, 1382. Scott v. Sebright, 1578. Scrutton v. Taylor, 1382. Sime Appeal, 1615. Social democrats, 1487. Strome Ferry rioters, 1427, 1435. Tabak robbery, 1576. Tichborne writ of- error, 1338. Tomlinson and Thomson, 1481. Trafalgar Square rioters, 1517, 1524. Tranmere baby-farming, 1319. Villemomble murderer, 1524. Warden (River Plate Bank), 1436, 1438, 1441. Webster, Kate, 1313. Weldon v. Gounod, 1468. Weldon v. Riviere, 1465. Weldon v. Winslow, 1458. Wenlock, Baroness, v. River Dee, 1468. West of England Bank Directors, 1333- Whistler v. Ruskin, 1299. Whiteford, C. C., 1325. World libel, 1406. Wright, James, 1380. Yates v. Lonsdale, 1460, 1464. Troubadour performance, 1539. Truro Cathedral, 1335. Tricycle crosses Channel, 1428. long journey, 1453. Tseng, Marquis, at Folkestone, 1437. Turkey — attempt on Grand Vizier, 1557. Collective Note to, 1343. conference on Bulgaria, 15x8. declines to proclaim Arabi, 1386. Dulcigno surrendered, 1343, 1348. Governor of Salonika seized, 1430. Greek frontier, 1358, 1361. Turkey, contitiued — proclaims Arabi a rebel, 1389. reduction of debt, 1366. revolutions in Roumelia, i486, 1487, 1489, 1490. Rustem Pacha ambassador, 1500. the Roller affair, 1325. Treaty of Bardo, I 357. trial of assassins, 1358. Tulloch, Mrs., 1520. Tyburnia fired upon, 1458. Tyndall statue, 1448. Tyndall, Professor, resigns, 1603. U. Uganda, reported massacre, 1568. Umbria steamer, 1613. Unionist conference, 1613. secession, 16x2. United States — interesting events, 1301, 1305. Hudson Tunnel accident, 1340. Garfield, President, 1346. lynching at Springfield, 1353. | assassination of Pres. Garfield, 1358. Yorktown centenary, 1364. trial of Guiteau, 1367. floods in Mississippi, 1371. ironworkers strike, 1380. tornado in Iowa, 1381. execution of Guiteau, 1382. negro representatives, 1384. rescue of murderers in Tennessee, 1389. Guiteau’s skull stolen, 1391. Pennsylvania celebrations, 1391. Lord Delaware’s portrait, 1399- convict mutiny, 1405. Jersey City fire, 1416. cyclone in Wisconsin, 1417. Brooklyn Bridge opened, 14x8. Brooklyn Bridge panic, 1419. Pres. Arthur on foreign relations, 1441. Washington centenary, 1442. riots in Cincinnati, 1446, election of President Cleveland 1457, 1464. Washington Monument, 1463. treaty with Columbia, S. A., 1468. Californian stage robbed, 1469. Liberty statue, 1472. Niagara Public Park, 1476. death of General Grant, 1477. funeral of Gen. Grant, 1482. Hell Gate blasted, 1490. statue of Major Andre destroyed, T 473- . ^ Lynch law in Texas, 1513. Lynch law in Mississippi, 1519. arrest of New York aldermen, 1521, Chinese Minister to, 1521; marriage of Pres. Cleveland, 1536. Chicago convention, 1561. Liberty statue, 1575. New York, election, 1576. Harvard celebration, 1576. President Cleveland's message, 1582. female suffrage vote, 1591. wheat panic, 1616. University extension, 1305, 1314. Vanderbilt, W. H., 1502. Vatican library opened, 1431. Venice, Doge’s Palace at, 1313. Venus, transit of, 1397. Verdi’s Otello, 1592. Vesuvius, eruption of, 1468. Victoria , launch of, 1604. Vienna, climbing feat, 1561. Vivisection, meeting against, 1415. Volunteers — corruption at Midlothian meeting, I 43°\ corruption at Wimbledon, 1340. Easter review, 1373. review at Edinburgh, 1361. Windsor, 1359. 2 1st year of, 1339. W. Wagner, Richard — death, 1402 funeral 1404. Wales, Prince and Princess of — Paris Exhibition address, 1297. at Hunstanton, *309. at Grimsby Docks, 1314. at Eddystone. 13x6. the young Princes proceed to sea, 1318. at Copenhagen, 1318. I at Hughenden, 1325, open free bridges, 1338. at Chelsea Women’s Hospital, 1340. yacht Formosa , 1342. open City of London Schools, 1397. unveil statue of Prince Imperial, .1399; Fisheries Exhibition, 1335, 1416. at Liverpool, 1361. at Norwich, 1355. Royal College of Music, 1370. I at Leicester, 1380. unveils Sir Rowland Hill’s statue, 1381. . at Saltaire, 1382. receive Maori chiefs, 1587. at Indian Institute, Oxford, 1415. open R .yal College of Music, 1416. at Fisheries Exhibition, 1416, reception of fisher girls, 1416. open Princess Alice Memorial Hos- pital, 1425. at York. 1427. at Railway Guards Society, 1451. at Putney Bridge. 1451. at Abolition of Slavery Commemo- ration, 1452. at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1453. visits Ireland, 1465, 1466, 1467. unveils statue of Darwin, 1471. at Virginia Water, 1471. at Albany Hospital, 1473. at Guildhall, 1473. at Yorkshire College, 1476. at Birmingham, 1500. at Mersey Tunnel, 1509. at Gordon Boys’ Home, 1530. at Tower Bridge, 1544. at Queen Charlotte’s Hospital, 1545. at Mile End, 1548. Imperial Institute, 1565, 1569, 1589. open Sion College, 1585. at Cannes, 1594. at Alexandra House, 1598. open Manchester Exhibition, 1608. open Morley Hospital, 1612. at Shaftesbury House, 1616. Wales, University, 1438. Walfisch Bay annexed, 1302. Walpole, Mr. Spencer, 1374. Walsh, Rev. Dr., 1473. Wanstead Park opened, 1386. Ward, J. L., in custody, 1314. War, cost of, 1361. Waterhouse, Mr. A., 1470. Waterhouse, Mr. J. W. , 1470. Waterworks, Grand Junction litigation, 1441. Webb, Captain, death, 1428. 1637 INDEX. Weldon, Mrs., litigation, 1452, 1458, 1487. Welldon, Rev. J. E. C., 1467. Wellington statue removed, 1380, 1401, 1452. Welsh Ironworks re-opened, 1320. Westminster, Dean of, and Prince Napoleon, 1314, 1329. Westminster Abbey — Catholic pilgrimage, 1573. Jubilee service, 1597, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1617. Wheat panic, 1616. Wigan, pit brow women. 1524. Wilberforce, Rev. E., Bishop of New- castle, 1380, 1385. Wilberforce, Canon, 1385. Wild West Show, 1610. Wilkinson, Bishop of Truro, 1409. Wilson, SirE., statue, 1534. Winchester celebration, 1451. Wolseley, General — Governor of Natal, 1311. meets Zulu chiefs at Ulundi, 1317. Peerage to, 1395. on Army, 1607. Viscount, 1483. Women’s Suffrage agitation, 1451. Wood, SirE., presentation, 1319. entertained, 1320. Wood, S. M. A., suicide, 1512. Woolwich accident, 1554. Wordsworth, Dr., resignation, 1459 Wordsworth, Rev. J., 1484. Wycliffe celebration, 1452. Y. Yacht races, 1565, 1601. Formosa, 1342. Genesta dr 5 Puritan, i486. Jubilee, 1615. Vanduara, 1339. York — Science Institute, 1427. Z. Zoological Society — Sale of “Jumbo,” 1370. White Elephant, 1443. THE END. Zulu War, 1302 — Lord Chelmsford’s movements, 1302. Isandlana disaster, 1303, 1304, 1306. Royal message, 1303. Prince L. Napoleon, 1306. Government despatch, 1307. Attack at Kambula, 1308. Prince Louis Napoleon killed, 1311. Ulundi attack, 1313. Close of War, 1314 Return of officers, 1316, 1318, Case of Lieut. Carey, 1316. Cetewayo captured, 1317. Meeting with chiefs, 1317. Chelmford honours, 1317. Moirori’s stronghold stormed, 1321. Secoceni captured, 1322. Honours, 1323, Zululand — Cetewayo in England, 1386. Secoceni defeated, 1387. 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