337.5 T395h The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/historicalsummarOOthor HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF THE CORN LAWS, CONTAINING THE SUBSTANCE OF THE STATUTES PASSED FROM THE YEAR 1660, FOR REGULATING THE IMPORTATION AND CONSUMPTION OF FOREIGN, AND THE EXPORTATION OF BRITISH, CORN. WITH NOTES AND AN APPENDIX OF STATEMENTS, ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE OPERATION OF THE SEVERAL STATUTES. I BY HENRY THORNTON, OF THE OFFICE OF INSPECTOR-GENERAL OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, HOUSE, LONDON. LONDON: JAMES RIDGWAY, 169, PICCADILLY. 1841 337 . 5 LONDON : PRINTED BY BLATCH AND LAMPERT, GROVE PLACE, BROMPTON. \*c>c ADVERTISEMENT. 'h 4 5 ? It will readily be perceived that the following work consists of facts, not opinions, being in- tended simply to shew, in as clear, concise, and connected a manner as practicable, the substance of the successive legislative enactments respecting Corn, from the Restoration of Charles II. — the period at which commerce and agriculture appear to have first occupied the serious attention of Par- liament — down to the present time. The Author, v^ho has had the subject continually under his attention in a public office, where accounts of the importation and consumption of foreign articles are recorded under his immediate superintendence, and in which he has had an experience of nearly f 2 * -> kj’ ( - IV ADVERTISEMENT. forty years, has spared no pains to render this body of important facts, so essential to the eluci- dation of the Corn Question, as complete and accurate as possible. The statements comprised in the Appendix are added to the work, because they throw a material light upon the practical effect and operation of the Corn Laws. HISTORICAL SUMMARY, fyc. 1660.* 12 Car. II. c. 4. The export of corn was permitted whenever the prices at the port of exportation did not exceed, for wheat, 405. per quarter ; rye, pease, and beans, 245. ; barley and malt, 205. ; oats, 165. The poundage on expor- tation amounted to Is. per quarter for wheat, 4 d. for oats, and 6d. for other grain. The import rates, from poundage, were as follows, subject to an allowance of 5 per cent, for discount : s. d. Wheat and buck-wheat, when not exceeding 44s. at the port of importation . per qr. 2 0 Ditto, exceeding 44s. ... 04 Rye, beans, barley, and malt, when not ex. 36s 14 Ditto .... ex. 36s. 0 3 Oats and pease 0 2§ Meal of wheat or rye, per last of 12 barrels 3 0 * See notes 1 and 2, Appendix. B 1663. 15 Car. II., c. 7. [See note 3, appendix.] Com was allowed to be exported, when the prices did not exceed the following sums per qr. at the places of shipment ; wheat, 48s.; rye, pease and beans, 32s. ; barley, buck- wheat and malt, 28s. ; oats, 13s. 4 d. The import duties were increased to the sums under-mentioned, on corn, when not exceeding the same prices at the port of import- ation : s. d. s. d. Wheat. . . when not ex. 48 0 per qr. 5 4 Rye, pease and beans . . 32 0 4 0 Barley and malt . . . . 28 0 2 8 Oats 13 4 14 Buck-wheat 28 0 2 0 When exceeding those prices, poundage, as before, was chargeable, viz. 4 d. on wheat ; 3d. on rye, beans, barley, and malt ; 2jd. on oats and pease. Corn might be laid up in granaries, and sold again only when at the prices at which export was permitted, as above stated. (Repealed by 31 Geo. III., c. 30, 1791.J 1670. 22 Car. II., c. 8, directed the Winchester bushel, (containing 8 gallons), only to be used in ascertaining the measures of corn. 22 Car. II., c. 13, intituled “ An Act for the improvement of tillage,” corn might be exported, £D ty w P p rt* p p Gc ^ pH fi; ^ ® O 5 (t> ►d a p a &« ft) •"“' 8 rt> ►— ^SgS gr 8 ^*' 5 ° § 90 » ^2 <*• o p- rt ^ ?* tn 1:0 2 *« w ct-^s &&$ W * H gj 4^ 03 SS % 5 C3 to X f» 1— 1 03 O 03 00 O O O 0 C to 05 4^ O O 03 03 03 03 03 0 to to O O O O O 0 0 *—» H-* ►— 1 OOO O O O O O H-* 00 oc to to to to ttf O H- H- 0 0 0 0 O tO 4^ 4^ Ci to 03 03 03 03 03 0 to to 0 0 O O O 0 c too Ol OOO to O 00 OP) OOO 00 to 00 to ►u o c The following Table exhibits the progressive augmentation of the Import duties, from the passing of 22 Car. 2. c. 13., until 13 Geo. III. c. 43 (1774,) by which law the regulating prices were again altered. Total, being Additional Additional Additional the r 1699. 1703. 1704. Additional chargeable Rates by 22 New Sub- one- third two-thirds 1747. immediate- Car. 2. c. 13. sidy, 9 & subsidy, 2 subsidy, 3 21 Geo. 2. ly before the A discount of 5 per cent allowed on 10 W. 3. & 3 Anne, & 4 Anne, c. 2. passing of these duties, (except on the high c. 23. c. 9. c. 5. 13 Geo. 3. rates, under 22 Car. II. c. 13.^ c. 43. d. v d. g d. v d. 8. d. d. Wheat, not exceeding 44s. per qr. 1 16 o/ 2 0 0 8 1 4 2 0 22 0 ex. 44s. and not ex. 53s. Ad. / 10 °i 0 4 0 Is 0 2 3 0 4 17 0 ex. 53s.4t/. and not ex. 80s. 8 0 0 4 0 u 0 21 0 4 9 0 ex. 80s. 0 4 0 4 0 n 0 2 § 0 4 1 4 Rye, not exceeding 36s. I i6 0 J 1 4 0 5 1 0 10 2 1 4 20 0 ex. 36s. and not ex. 40s. . i l 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 16 9 ex. 40s. 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 1 0 Beans, not ex. 28 s. nJ 1 4 0 51 0 10i 1 4 20 0 ex. 28s. and not ex. 40s. / 10 °i 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 16 9 ex. 40s. 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 1 0 Barley and malt, not ex. 28s. \ 16 o/ 1 4 0 0 10 2 1 4 20 0 ex. 28s. and not ex. 32s. / 1 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 16 9 ex. 32s. 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 1 0 Oats, not ex. 16s. 5 4 0 24 0 0^ 0 Is 0 2\ 5 114 ex. 16s. 0 2 4 0 4 0 o? 0 Is 0 4 0 10 Pease, not ex. 40s. 16 0 0 21 0 o? 0 Is 0 24 16 n ex. 40s. 0 H 0 0 OS 0 ls s 0 2§ 0 10 BucF Wheat, not ex. 32s. 16" IT 2 0 “IT “8“ r ~ Z"~ a — 22" 0 ex. 32s. and not ex. 44s. 2 0 2 0 0 8 i 4 2 0 8 0 ex. 44s. 0 4 0 4 0 l\ 0 2\ 0 4 1 4 Wheat Meal, When Wheat did not exceed 53s. 4 d. . per qr. 16 0 16 0 And addl. per last of 1 2 barrels 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 9 0 When Wheat exceeded 53s. Ad. but did not exceed 80s. per qr. 8 0 8 0 And additional per last 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 9 0 When Wheat ex. 80s. per last 3 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 12 0 Rye Meal, When Rye did not ex. 40s.p. qr. 16 0 16 0 And additional per last 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 9 0 When Rye ex. 40s. per last 3 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 12 0 Oatmeal, charged by practice with the same duties as Oats. although the prices exceeded the sums fixed by 15 Car. II., c. 7, paying poundage as before, viz. Is. per quarter on wheat ; 4 d. on oats ; and 6d. on other grain. Rates of duty on importation were imposed, in lieu of poundage, on corn, when under certain prices at the port of importation, as follows : 5 . d . 5 . d. On wheat . . when not ex. 53 4 perqr. 16 0 Do. ex. 53^. 4td., and not above. 80 0 8 0 Rye, pease,& beans, when not ex. 40 0 16 0 Barley, malt, and buck wheat do. 32 0 16 0 Oats do. . . .16 0 5 4 Wheat-flour — as wheat. When exceeding those prices, poundage, as before, was chargeable, viz. 4 d. on wheat ; 3 d. on rye, beans, barley, and malt ; 2 id. on oats and pease. The annexed Table exhibits, the progressive augmentation of the import duties, from the pass- ing of 22 Car. II., c. 13, until 13 Geo. III., c. 43, (1774), by which law the regulating prices were again altered. 4 1081). 1 W.and Mary, c. 12. Bounties [see notes 4 and 5, appendix] were granted on the exporta- of the following articles, ground or unground : s. d. Wheat . .50 per qr. when the price was at or under . . 485. Rye .36 . do. do. . 32 Barley & malt 2 6 ditto, when barley was at or under . . 24 N.B. The following regulations were made hy subsequent Acts , regarding the bounties on export- ation. The excise duty of 6d. per bushel not to be reckoned into the price of malt , 13 and 14 W. III., c. 5, fyc. The bounty to be allowed after the rate of 30 quarters of malt for every 20 quarters of barley or other corn made into malt, 3 Geo. II., c. 7. The same bounty to be allowed on the export of 2241b of wheat-meal and other ground corn, as on 4 bushels of wheat or other corn unground, 24 Geo. II., c. 56. 1698. 10 and 11 W. III., c. 3. The export prohibited, for one year, from 10th February, of corn, malt, meal, flour, bread, biscuit, and starch.* * In the prohibitions on exportation enumerated in this statement, exceptions were made in favour of the supply of certain British possessions abroad. 1699. 11 W. III., c. 1. The bounties on exportation were suspended from 9th February, 1699, to 29th September, 1700. 1700. 11 and 12 W. III., c. 20, continued by subsequent Acts. The duties on the exportation of all sorts of corn and grain, ground or un- ground, and also bread, biscuit, and meal, to cease from 13th March, 1700. 1707. 5 Anne, c. 29. (From 1st May.) Boun- ties allowed on the export of the following articles : s. d. Beer or bigg . . 2 6 perqr. when the price wasat or under 24 s. Malt made of wheat 5 0. . . . 48 Oatmeal . ..26.. when oats were at or under . 15 See note to bounties granted in 1689. 1709. 8 Anne, c. 2. The export of corn, meal, flour, malt, bread, biscuit, and starch, wines and spirits made from corn, was prohibited until 29th September, 1710, with a power to the Queen to allow the export sooner. 1741. 14 Geo. II., c. 3. The export of corn, meal, malt, flour, bread, biscuit, and starch was 6 prohibited before 25th December, 1741, with a power to the King to allow the export sooner. By c. 7 power was given to the judge of the bills in the Court of Session to allow the import of corn, &c. or to suspend the same in time of dearth and scarcity in Scotland. 1757. 30 Geo. II., c. 1. The export to foreign parts of corn, malt, meal, flour, bread, biscuit, and starch, was prohibited before 25th Decem- ber, 1757. 30 Geo. II., c. 7, 9, and 14. Corn or flour imported before 15th November admitted duty free, either in British or neutral ships. 1758. 31 Geo. II. c. 1. The laws of the last year were continued until 24th December, 1758. No bounty allowed on exportation during the continuance of this Act. 1759. 32 Geo. II. c. 2 & 8. The prohibition of export by 30 Geo. II. c. 1., and the suspen- sion of the bounty, further continued until 25th March, 1759, from which date the export and bounty were again allowed. The Act of 1757, for discontinuing the duties on corn imported, was allowed to expire. 1765. 5 Geo. III. c. 32. The King was enabled 7 to prohibit the export of wheat, wheaten flour, bread, &c., during the recess of Parliament. By c. 31, the duties on com imported were discon- tinued for a time, and the bounty on wheat and wheat flour exported was also discontinued. 1766. 6 Geo. III. c. 3. The import of corn and grain from the colonies was allowed for a limited time duty free; by c. 4, the import of oats and oatmeal was allowed for a limited time duty free; by c. 5, the export of corn, malt, meal, flour, bread, &c., was prohibited for a limited time. 1767. On the 26th September the Privy Council issued a Proclamation, laying an embargo on the export of wheat and flour, and prohibiting the use of that grain in the distilleries. By 7 Geo. III. c. 3, the export of corn, grain, malt, flour, bread, &c., was prohibited for a limited time. By c. 4, 5, 8, 11, 22, the import of wheat, &c. was allowed for a limited time duty free. By c. 7, all persons concerned in executing the embargo above mentioned were indemnified. 1768. 8 Geo. III. c. 1. The prohibition on ex- portation was further continued, and the bounties were suspended. By c. 2 & 3, the free importa- tion of several sorts of grain was allowed. 8 1769. 9 Geo. III. c. 1. Exportation and bounty suspended for a further time. 1770. 10 Geo. III. c. 1. Exportation and bounty suspended for a further time; and by c. 10, the exportation of malt allowed. 1771. 11 Geo. III. c. 1. Exportation and bounty suspended for a further time. 1772. 12 Geo. III. c. 1. Exportation and bounty suspended for a further time ; and by c. 33, the free importation, in any vessel, of wheat, wheat- flour, rye, rye-meal, and Indian corn, permitted until 1st December 1772. 1773. 13 Geo. III. c. 3. Exportation and bounty suspended until 1st January, 1774; by c. 1 & 2, the free importation of all sorts of corn, meal, flour and pulse, permitted from 1st December, 1772, to 1st January, 1774. 1774. 13 Geo. III. c. 43., from 1st Januaty. [See note 6, appendix]. The following alterations were made in the duties and bounties : — Duties on Importation. Whenever the prices of middling British corn at the port of importation were at or above the 9 following sums, the former duties ceased ; and during the continuance of such prices, and in lieu of those duties, the undermentioned rates were to be paid: — Prices. Duty. Wheat (and buck -wheat) 48 5. 6d. per qr. on wheat. 2d. per cwt. on flour. Rye, pease, and beans . 32s. 3c?. per qr. Barley, beer or bigg . 24s. 2 d. per do. Oats . . . lbs. 2 d. per do. When the prices were under those sums, the former scale of duties, (as shewn in table, page 3,) became chargeable; in which case, corn and flour were allowed to be warehoused at the principal ports, paying, on delivery for home use, such duty as might be due at that time. Export. The export to Foreign parts was prohibited, of corn or meal, flour, malt, bread and biscuit made therefrom, when British corn was at or above the following sums, per quarter, at the port of ex- portation : wheat, 445. ; rye, pease, and beans, 285.; barley, beer or bigg, 225. ; oats, 145. Bounties on British Corn , ground or unground , Exported in British Ships. When the prices of middling corn were under 10 the following sums at the port from which ex- ported, viz., Wheat Rye Barley, beer or bigg Oats 44s. a bounty allowed of 5s. per qr. on wheat, and malt made therefrom. 28 a bounty allowed of 3s. per qr. on rye. 22 a bounty allowed of 2s. 6d. per qr. on barley, beer, or bigg, and on malt made * therefrom. 14 a bounty allowed of 2s. per qr. on oats, and 2s. 6d. per qr. on oatmeal, at the rate of 2761b to the qr. 1775. 15 Geo. III. c. 1. Indian corn allowed to be imported on payment of Id. per quarter, whenever barley was admissible under 13 Geo. III. c. 43, at 2d. per quarter. 11 Table of the import duties on com, from the passing of 13 Geo. III. c. 43, to the 27 Geo. III. c. 13, (1787.)* From 1779, including an Rates in 1774, additional duty by 13 Geo. 3., of 5 per cent, c. 43. (by 19 Geo. 3., c. 25) on for- mer rates. 1782 to 1787, including a further addi- tion of 5 per cent, by 22 Geo. 3., c. 66. s. d. s. d. 20ths s. e?.20ths. Wheat, when not ex. 445. per qr. 22 0 23 1 4 24 2 8 ex. 44 s. but under 48 s. 17 0 17 10 4 18 8 8 at or above 48 s. 0 6 0 6 6 0 6 12 Rye, under 32 s. . . . 20 0 21 0 0 22 0 0 at or above 32 s. 0 3 0 3 3 0 3 6 Beans, not ex. 28 s. . . . 20 0 21 0 0 22 0 0 ex. 28 s. but under 32 s. 16 9 17 7 1 18 5 2 at or above 32 s. 0 3 0 3 3 0 3 6 Barley, beer or bigg, under 24 s. 20 0 21 0 0 22 0 0 at or above 24 s. . . 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 4 Oats, under 16 s. 5 HI 6 2 11 6 6 2 at or above 16 s. . . 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 4 Pease, under 32 s. 16 71 1 2 17 5 4 18 3 3 at or above 32 s. . . 0 3 0 3 3 0 3 6 Buck wheat, not ex. 32 s. . 22 0 23 1 4 24 2 8 ex. 32 s. and not ex. 44 s. 8 0 8 4 16 8 9 12 ex. 44 s. and not ex. 48 s. 1 4 1 4 16 1 5 12 at or above 48 s. . . 0 6 0 6 6 0 6 12 Indian-corn, when barley was ad- missible at the low duty ( 1775 .) 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 Wheat-flour, when wheat was un- der 48 s. . . per qr. 16 0 16 9 12 17 7 4 and additional per last of 12 barrels . . . . 9 0 9 5 8 9 10 16 when wheat was at or above 48 s. . . per cwt. 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 4 Rye meal, when rye was not ex. 40 s. . . . per qr. 16 0 16 9 12 17 7 4 and additional per last. 9 0 9 5 8 9 10 16 when ex. 40 s. per last . 12 0 12 7 4 13 2 8 Oatmeal — as oats. * The discount of 5 per cent allowed on the above, (except 12 1780. 20 Geo. III. c. 31. Half the usual bounty was allowed on the export of corn in neutral ships. Continued by 21 Geo. III. c. 29, and 22 Geo. III. c. 13, until 2 5th March 1783. 1783. 23 Geo. III. c. 1. From 25th Decem- ber 1782, to 25th August 1783, corn grain and meal might be imported in British or neutral vessels, or taken out of warehouse, on payment of the low duties only. By c. 9, rice, paddy, and Indian corn and meal might be imported duty free for a limited time. By c. 53, the King was en- abled to permit, for a limited time, the free im- portation of corn, grain, meal, flour and pulse, into certain counties of Scotland. By c. 81, no bounty was to be allowed on the export of corn, grain and meal, from England, before 26th August, 1783, nor from Scotland before 26th September, 1783. No bounty was to be paid on the export of corn, &c. from those parts of Scot- land into which importation was allowed duty free under c. 53. 1787. 27 Geo. III. c. 13. By this Act, the several branches of the Customs Revenue were on the high rates) until 1781, when the customs duties were directed to be paid in ready money, without any discount. 13 consolidated. The rates on the importation of corn were fixed at the following sums, and so continued until 1791. The permission given by 13 Geo. III. c. 43, for the warehousing of corn and delivery thereof, for home use, at the duties which might be due at that time, were continued. The bounties on exportation remained unaltered. s. d . Wheat, when under 48s. at the port of importation . . . per qr. 24 3 Ditto at or above 48s. ... . .06 Rye and beans, under 32s. . . . 22 0 Ditto, at or above 32s. . . . .03 Barley, beer or bigg, under 24s. . . . 22 0 Ditto, at or above 24 s. . . . .02 Oats, under 16s. 6 7 Ditto, at or above 16s. . . .02 Pease, under 32s. . . . . . 18 4 Ditto, at or above 32s 0 3 Indian corn and maize, when barley was under 24s. 110 Ditto at or above 24s 0 1 Buck-wheat — charged by practice as wheat Wheat flour, when wheat was under 48s. . 24 3 2 Ditto, at or above 48s. per cwt. 0 1789, 1790, 1791. 29 Geo. III. c. 58. The export of British corn, except barley and malt, prohibited between 1st August, and 29th Septem- 14 ber 1789. By order in council of 23rd Decem- ber, 1789, the export was prohibited of wheat, rye, barley and oats, and their respective meal, beans, malt, bread and biscuit ; and the importa- tion permitted at the low duty, of wheat, rye, barley and oats, and their respective meal. By 30 Geo. III. c. 1, the prohibitions on export (with the addition of pease) and the privilege of importing at the low duty, were ratified and con- tinued until 29th September 1790 — further con- tinued by subsequent acts until 15th November 1791. 1791. 31 Geo. III. c. 30, from 15th Novem- ber. The former laws for regulating the import and export of corn, and the payment of duty on importation, and of bounty on exportation, were repealed, and those contained in the annexed table substituted. The King was authorised, whenever the Parliament was not sitting, to pro- hibit the exportation, for a limited time, of corn, meal or flour (except warehoused foreign corn) when the average price was higher than that at which the same sort of corn might be imported on the low duty ; and in like manner, to permit the import, at the lowest duty, of the same arti- cles, whenever the average price of any sort of corn or of oatmeal, for the whole kingdom, might be higher than those fixed for admission from Duties on Corn imported, by 31 Geo. III. c. 30 44 Geo N.B. The Warehousing of Corn without payment of duty perm that time , those specified under t Whenever the district prices at the port of importation were as Species. For corn from Ireland* or the Bri- tish Colonies or Plantations in North America. For Corn from other Wheat Under 48s. per quarter . . at or above 4Ss., but under 52s. at or above 52 s. . . . Under 50s. at or above 50s., but u at or above 54s. Rye, pease, and beans . Under 32s. per quarter . . at or above 32s., but under 35s. at or above 35s. Under 34s. at or above 34s., but ui at or above 37s. Barley, beer, or bigg, and Indian corn. Under 24s. per qr. for barley . at or above 24s., but under 26s. at or above 26s. . . . Under 25s. for barley at or above 25s., but ui at or above 2 7s. Oats . . . Under 16s. per quarter . . at or above 16s., but under 1 7s. at or above l/s. . . . Under 17s. at or above 1 7s., but ui at or above 18s. Wheatmeal or flour . If wheat is under 48s. per qr. ditto at or above 48s., but I under 52s. . . . j ditto at or above 52 s. If wheat is under 50s ditto at or above 50 under 54s. ditto at or above 54s. Oatmeal Under 1 5s. per boll at or above 15s., but under 16s. at or above 16s. . . . under 1 6s. per boll at or above 1 6s., but ur at or above 17s. Malt, and all ground corn, except wheatmeal or flour and oa prohibited to be imported. * See Regulations as to Ireland, from 15 April 1802 hy 42 Geo. III. c. 35 Duties on Corn imported, by 31 Geo. III. c. 30 44 Geo N.B. The Warehousing of Corn without payment of duty per that time, those specified under t and additions thereto, by subsequent Acts, until the passing of III. c. 109, in 1804. itted, but when taken out for home consumption, in addition to the duties due at he name of first low duty were also to be paid. 1 Whenever the district prices at the port of importation were as . ; follows. r~ For corn from Ireland* or the Bri- tish Colonies or Plantations in North America. For Corn from other ' I parts. Species. Wheat . . ■ Under 48s. per quarter . . ! at or above 4Ss., but under 52s. | at or above 52s. . . . Rye, pease, i Under 32s, per quarter and beans . at or above 32s., but under 35 s. at or above 35s. . . . Barley, beer, Under 24s. per qr. for barley . or bigg, and at or above 24s., but under 26s. Indian corn. 1 at or above 26s. Oats ... Under 16s. per quarter . . at or above 16s., but under 1 7s. | at or above 17s. . . . Wheatmeal If wheat is under 48s. per qr. or flour . . j ditto at or above 48s., but 1 I under 52s. . . . J ditto at or above 52s. ! . Oatmeal . . I Under 15s. per boll j at or above 1 5s., but under 1 6s. at or above 16s. . . . Under 50s. at or above 50s., but u|nder 54s. at or above 54s. Under 34s. at or above 34s., but u at or above 37s. rider 37s. Under 25s. for barley at or above 25s., but uijider 27s. at or above 27s. Under 17s. at or above 1 7s., but uijider 1 8s, at or above 18s. If wheat is under 50 s ditto at or above under 54 s. 50 s ditto at or above 54s under 1 6s. per boll at or above 16s., but uilder 17s. at or above 17s. Malt, and all ground corn, except wheatmeal or flour and oa prohibited to be imported. * See Regulations as to Ireland, from 15 April 1802 by 42 Geo. III. c. 35 tmeal, From 15 Nov. 1791, by 31 Geo. 3. c. 30. but | From 31 Dec. From 18 July, 1796, with ad- 1797, with ad- ditional 5 per j ditional 5 per cent., by 37 ] cent., by 37 Geo. 3. c. 15. Geo. 3. c. 110. s. d. s. d. 20tha s. d. SOths. s. d. 20tha. i s. d. 20ths. High duty. 24 3 25 5 11 26 8 2 27 3 7 30 3 15 1 st low duty. 2 6 2 7 10 2 9 2 9 15 3 1 10 2nd low duty. 0 6 0 6 6 0 6 12 0 6 15 0 7 10 High duty. 22 0 23 1 4 24 2 8 24 9 27 6 1st low duty. 1 6 1 6 18 1 7 16 1 8 5 1 10 10 2nd low duty. 0 3 0 3 3 0 3 6 0 3 7 ! 0 3 15 High duty. 22 0 23 1 4 24 2 8 24 9 27 6 1 st low duty. 1 3 1 3 15 1 4 10 1 4 17 1 6 15 2nd low duty. 0 3 0 3 3 0 3 6 0 3 7 ! 0 3 15 High duty. 6 7 6 10 19 7 2 18 7 4 17 8 2 15 1st low duty. 1 0 1 0 12 1 1 4 1 1 10 i 3 2nd low duty. 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 2 5 0 2 10 per cwt. High duty. 6 6 6 9 18 7 1 16 7 3 15 8 1 10 1st low duty. 1 6 1 6 18 1 7 16 1 8 5 1 10 10 2nd low duty. 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 2 5 o 2 10 ditto. 1 0 1 0 12 1 1 4 1 1 10 3 per boll. High duty. 8 0 8 4 16 8 9 12 9 0 10 0 1 st low duty. 1 0 1 0 12 1 1 4 1 1 10 1 3 2nd low duty. 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 2 5 0 2 10 ditto. 0 6 0 6 6 0 6 12 0 6 15 0 7 10 From 5 July, 1803 by con- From j Jun6| solidation of 1804, with fur Customs, with; ther 12* per additional 12* cent ., by 44 per cent, there- Geo> 3 c 53 on, by 43 Geo. 3. c. 68 & 70. 15 foreign parts at the low duty — but by 33 Geo. III. c. 65, (1793) exportation (except of ware- housed foreign com) might be prohibited when- ever the general average prices were higher than those under which the first low duty was charge- able on corn from Ireland or the Colonies. The importation and entry from the warehouses at the second low duty might be permitted whenever the average price of any corn or of oatmeal, was higher than that fixed for admission from foreign countries at the first low duty. The privilege for importation to continue in force for 3 months. Duties on Importation. — See the annexed table. 16 Export. The Export was prohibited of com, or meal, flour, malt, bread or biscuit made therefrom, when British com was at or above the following sums, per qr. — wheat 465., rye, pease and beans, 305., barley, beer, or bigg, 235., oats* 155. Foreign corn, meal or flour, having been entered for home use, either on importation or from the warehouse, or malt, meal or flour, made of such foreign corn, could not be exported from any port at such time as British articles of the same sort were not allowed to be exported from the same port. Bounties on British Corn , fyc., exported. When the prices were under. The Bounties allowed were. 5 . S. d . For wheat 44 -^ /For wheat per qr. 5 0 f< wheatmeal percwt . 1 3 “ wheatflour andbis- Rye Barley, beer or bigg cuit . . per civt. 1 6 ( Rye .... per qr. 3 0 Rye meal and flour per cwt. 0 9 Barley, beer or bigg, and malt made there- from . . per qr. 2 6 Do. meal . per cwt. 0 10 22i * By 33 Geo. III. c. 65. (1793), the exportation of oatmeal was to be no longer governed by the price of oats, but when- ever oatmeal should be under 135. per boll, the bounty was to be Is. 6d. per cwt., and exportation not to be permitted when the price was at or above 145. per boll. 17 s. s. d. { Oats . . per qr. 2 0 Oatmeal . per cwt. 1 0 No debenture to be granted for the bounty on any com, malt, meal, flour, or biscuit, exported from any port during the time that foreign articles of the same sort were allowed to be imported into such port at the low duty. 1792, 1793. By order in council of 9th Nov. 1792, the export of wheat or flour was prohibited until 1 March 1793. The 33 Geo. III. c. 3, ratified this order, and authorized His Majesty to prohibit, at any time during the session, the exportation of com, meal, flour, bread, biscuit and potatoes, and to permit the import of com, meal and flour at the low duty. 1795. 35 Geo. III. c. 4. His Majesty was per- mitted, from 13 Feb. 1795, until the expiration of six weeks from the commencement of the next Session of Parliament, whatever might be the average price, to prohibit the export of any corn, meal, flour, bread, biscuit and malt (except foreign corn from the warehouse), and to permit the im- port in British and neutral vessels, and also the entry from the warehouse, of the same articles, free of duty. The import at the second low duty * See Note, p. 16 . C 18 previously permitted by sundry orders in council, commencing 1 October, 1794. 1796. 36 Geo. III. c. 3. All the provisions of the last-mentioned act continued until the expi- ration of six weeks from the commencement of the next session. 36 Geo. III. c. 21. Bounties granted (for the first time) on corn imported at certain ports in British or neutral vessels, from 24 Sept. 1795, to 30 Sept. 1796, (see note 7, appendix,) viz. — Wheat and flour from any port of Europe , south of Cape Finisterre, from the Mediterranean or Africa. ( Until the quantity of such wheat and flour together amounts to 400,000 qrs. 205. on every qr. of wheat, weighing not less than 4401b. 16s. do. do. 4241b. 6s. on every cwt. of wheat-flour Wheat and flour from other parts of Europe (not British dominions ). 15s. on every qr. of wheat weigh- ing not less than 4401b. 12s. do. do. 4241b. -( 4s. Qd. on every cwt. of wheat flour Wheat and flour from the British Colonies, or the United States of America. 20s. on every qr. of wheat, weighing not less than 4401b. 16s. do. do. 4241b.- 6s. on every cwt. of wheat flour .... until the quan- tity amounts to 500,000 qrs. until the quan- tity amounts to 500,000 qrs. 19 On wheat and flour exceeding the quantities to which the before-mentioned Bounties are li- mited. 10s. on every quarter of wheat weighing not less than .... 4401b. 8s. do. do. do. 4241b. 3s. on every cwt. of wheat flour Indian corn and meal. \ until the quantity to- gether amounts to 5s. 0 d. for every qr. of corn Is. 6d. cwt. of meal I 3s. 0 d. for every qr. of corn | Is. Od. cwt. of meal 1 500,000 qrs. ] exceeding the limited quantity of 500,000 ) q^s. Rye. 10s. for every qr. weighingnot less than 4001b. until the quantity amounts to 100,000 qrs. 6s. for every qr. exceeding the limited quantity of 100,000 qrs. N.B. On warehoused corn delivered out within three months, three-fifths of the bounty granted on the importations from the Mediterranean, allowed. 2i cwt. of wheat-flour deemed equal to 1 qr. of wheat, and 3i cwt. of Indian meal to 1 qr. of Indian corn. 1797. 37 Geo. III. c. 7. All the provisions of 35 Geo. III. c. 4., further continued until the expi- ration of six weeks from the commencement of the next session of Parliament ; but by c. 83, they € 2 20 ceased from 16 June, 1797, so far as regards barley, beer or bigg, pease, beans and oats, and meal, flour, bread, biscuit, and malt, made there- from. None of these articles entered for export- ation before 5 Feb. 1798, were to receive bounty. 1798. 38 Geo. III. c. 10. All the provisions of 35 Geo. III. c. 4, relating to the export and import of wheat and rye, and of meal, flour, bread, bis- cuit and malt made therefrom, were further conti- nued, viz. for exportation until the expiration of six weeks from the commencement of the next session, and for importation until 31 Dec. 1797. 1799. 39 Geo. III. c. 87. From 12 July 1799, until the expiration of six weeks from the com- mencement of the next session of Parliament, His Majesty was authorized, whatever might be the general average, to prohibit the export of any corn or meal, flour, bread, biscuit or malt made thereof (except warehoused foreign corn) and to permit the import in British and neutral ships, and also the entry from the warehouse, duty free. Continued (with exceptions regarding the export to Ireland) by successive acts during the war. 1800. 39 and 40 Geo. III. c. 25. The use of wheat, or of wheat-meal and flour, in making starch, prohibited until 1st October, 1800. 21 39 and 40 Geo. III. c. 29, 35, and 53. Boun- ties were granted on the importation of corn in British and neutral ships into certain ports, until 1st October, 1800, [see note 7, appendix] viz. When the average prices in allEngland were less pr. qr. than On importations from any port of Europe, south of Cape Fi- nisterre, the port of Archangel, the Mediterranean, Africa, any British colony in America or the United States. On importations from the Bal- tic, Germany, or any port north of the Texel. On importations from any port of Europe, the Mediterranean, Africa, the British colonies in America and the United States. (Each bushel to be 361b and upwards). From any Flour 1005. — for wheat, a bounty equal to the difference between such average price and 100s. on every sack of 2801b from the British colonies or the United States of America ; and for every such sack from any other place, a bounty equal to four-fifths of the bounty vvneat yus. Wheat 85 Oats . 40 Rye . . 65 -o g Si, *’E f Q < a> oJ I « |SP cr ^ 03 M > O C3 c3 , , < 3 -> 03 e I ° « >> cd If o a> ^ 03 ^ £ which would have been payable on a quarter of wheat imported from such country at that time. A bounty was also allowed on rice imported. 1801. 41 Geo. III. c. 3. The use of corn in distilling or making of starch was prohibited until 1st January 1802. 41 Geo. III. c. 10. Bounties granted on the importation of foreign corn, in British or neutral ships into certain ports, from 1st December, 1800, to 1st October, 1801, [see note 7, appendix] viz. On For every quarter per qr. Wheat weighing 4241b or upwards Barley . . . 352 Rye . . .408 Oats . . . 264 Pease Beans A bounty allowed f equal to the sum by which the average prices of foreign wheat, barley, rye, oats, peas, and beans 1 in London, in the third week after im- portation, should be less than 1005. 50 65 40 75 50 Indian corn or maize, for every quarter weigh- ing 4081b, which should not upon the first public sale thereof by auction produce 55s., a bounty equal to the sum by which the actual price of each quarter so sold was less than 55s. Wheat flour, (except American flour) and upon barleymeal, ryemeal, oatmeal, and Indian meal, the same sums as were allowed on wheat, barley, rye, oats, and Indian corn, allowing 2801b of 23 wheat flour, 196ib of barley meal, 2241b of rye meal, 1761b of oatmeal, and 364lb of Indian meal to be equal to one quarter of the respective species of corn unground. Superfine wheat flour from America, producing upon the first sale thereof by auction less than 705. per barrel of 1961b, a bounty on every barrel equal to the sum by which the actual price of each barrel so sold was less than 70s. ; when it did not produce by sale 685. per barrel, a bounty equal to the sum by which the actual price of each barrel so sold was less than 685. But by 41 Geo. III., (U.K.) c. 13, 24 th March, 1801, the bounty was to be allowed as follows : — For every barrel imported in any ship, cleared out from any port in America, between 12th November 1800, and 10th January 1801, and sold within two months after importation, a bounty equal to the sum by which the actual price of each barrel so sold was less than 8O5 . ; when it did not produce by sale 785., a bounty equal to the sum by which the actual price of each barrel so sold was less than 78s.; and on every barrel imported in like manner, between 10th January and 25th March 1801, and sold within two months after importation, a bounty equal to the sum by which the actual price of each barrel so sold was less than 905. ; when it did not produce by sale 885., a bounty equal to the sum by which the actual price of each barrel so sold was less than 885. 24 A bounty was also allowed on rice imported. 1802. 42 Geo. III. c. 35. This Act regulates the corn intercourse between Great Britain and Ireland from 15th April 1802, by allowing the export from one country to the other, of corn or grain of native growth, or meal and flour made thereof, whenever the averages should be under the prices at which corn might be imported into Great Britain and Ireland respectively at the low duties from foreign parts. Continued by subsequent Acts till 2&th March 1808, previously to which date, however, the Act 46 Geo . Ill . c . 97, (T806J was passed, allowing the free interchange of corn between the two countries at all times. 1804. 44 Geo. III. c. 109, from 15th Novem- ber. By this Act, the regulating prices for importation, exportation, and for the allowance of bounty, as fixed by 31 Geo. III. c. 30, were altered according to the following statements. The other provisions by former corn laws were con- tinued. The corn intercourse with Ireland to be regulated by 42 Geo. III. c. 35. Duties on Importation, see table annexed. Export. The export was prohibited when the prices* were above the following sums per quarter ; wheat * For the 12 maritime districts of England and Wales, by 45 Geo. III. c. 86 (1805). Duties on Corn imported by 44 Geo. III. c. 1< N.B. The Warehousing of Corn without payment of duty at that time, those specified When the district prices at the port of importation, take Geo. 3. c. 30. [but the 45 Geo. 3. c. 86. directs that t for the 12 maritime districts of England and Wales] v Species. r For corn from the British colonies, or plantations in North America. For corn fro Wheat . . Under 53s. per qr. . . . At or above 53 s. but under 56s. At or above 56s Under 63s. pe At or above 63 At or above 6( Rye, Pease, & Beans Under 35s. per qr. ... At or above 35s. but under 37s. At or above 3 7s. . . . Under 42s. pe At or above 42 At or above 4a Barley, beer, or bigg, and Indian corn. Under 2 6s. per qr. for barley At or above 26s. but under 28s. At or above 28s. . . . Under 31s.6e?. Atorabove31s At or above 3 Oats . . Under 17s. per qr. . . . At or above 17s. but under 1 8s. At or above 18s Under 21s. pe At or above 21 At or above 2: Wheat meal, or Flour . If wheat is under 53s per qr. At or above 53s. but under 56s. At or above 56s If wheat is un At or above 63 At or above 6< Oatmeal Under 16s.6c?. per boll . . At or above 1 6s. 6d. but under 1 \7sAd. . / At or above 17s. 4c?. . . . Under 20s. pe At or above 20s At or above 2 Malt, and all ground corn, except wheatmeal or flour and oatn prohibited. Duties on Corn imported by 44 Geo. III. c. 1< N.B. The Warehousing of Corn without payment of duty at that time, those specified When the district prices at the port of importation, take n Geo. 3. c. 30. [but the 45 Geo. 3. c. 86. directs that for the 12 maritime districts of England and Wales] v Species. Wheat Rye, Pease, & Beans For corn from the British colonies, or plantations in North America. Under 53s. per qr. ... Under 63s. peir qr At or above 53s. but under 56s. | At or above 63 s. but under 66s. At or above 56s 1 At or above 6|}s. Under 35s. per qr. . . . j Under 42s. pe r qr. At or above 35s. but under 37s. At or above 4S s. but under 44s. At or above 37s. . . . | At or above 4' Is. Barley, beer, Under 26s. per qr. for barley Under 31s.6£?. or bigg, and At or above 26s. but under 28s. A tor above 3 1 a I ndian corn. At or above 28s. . . . At or above Oats Wheat meal, or Flour . Oatmeal Under 17s. per qr. . . . At or above 17s. but under 18s. At or above 18s If wheat is under 53s per qr. At or above 53s. but under 56s. At or above 56s Under 21s. pe At or above 21 At or above 2 If wheat is un At or above 63 6 i Under 16s.6rf. per boll . . At or above 1 6 s.6d. but under 1 17s.4o?. . . . J At or above 17s. 4d. . . . At or above Under 20 s. pe At or above 20 a At or above 2 Malt, and all ground corn, except wheatmeal or flour and oatn prohibited. )9. and additions thereto, by subsequent acts, until the passing of the Corn Act of 1815. permitted, but when taken out for home consumption, in addition to the duties due under the name of first low duty were also to be paid. as directed by 31 e prices should be m other parts. High duty. 1st low duty. 2nd low duty, High duty. 1st low duty. 2nd low duty. per qr. for barley High duty .6d. butunder33s 1st low duty, . . . 2nd low duty. 3 3s. r qr. . . . s. but under 22s. High duty. 1 st low duty. 2nd low duty, der 63s. per qr. High duty, s. but under 66s. 1st low duty. 2nd low duty, ditto. r boll . . . .but under 21s. j Is. eal — importation High duty. 1st low duty. 2nd low duty ditto. Rates from 15th Nov. From 15th From 10 th From 5 th From 15 th 1804, by 44 April, 1805, | May 1806, July, 1809, April, 1813, Geo. 3. c. 109., with additional with additional by consoli- with additional with additional £2 10 per ct. ; £8 6s. 8 d. pe, dation of. £25 per cent. 12§ per cent. by 45 Geo. 3. 1 cent. by 46 duties, by on permanent duty, by 44 c. 29. i Geo. 3. c. 42. 49 Geo. 3. duty, by 53 Geo. 3. , c. 53. c. 98. Geo. 3. c. 35. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. S. d. 30 3* 30 14 32 1 U4 33 4 39 7 3 ' 2 3 2? 3 4f 3 4 3 ui 0 0 n 0 8f 0 0 8 0 4 27 6 28 on 29 10 1 30 0 35 7\ 1 10 f 3* 1 log 2 05, 2 0 2 4§ 0 0 033 O40 0 43 ^40 0 4 0 4f 27 6 28 0| 29 10s 30 0 35 7\ 1 6f 1 H 033 °40 1 1 8 1 Hf 0 3f 0 0 44 0 4 0 4f 8 2f 8 4* 8 ns, 9 0 10 H 1 3 1 3io 1 K 1 4 1 7 0 2* 0 2g- 0 2g 0 4 0 4f per cwt. QI9 8 H 8 32 9 0 8 9 0 10 8* 1 104 1 log 2 o 2 9 „ 2 0 2 4 I 0 24 0 2 U 0 043 *60 0 4 0 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 4 10 1 4 1 7 per boll. 10 0 10 2 1 10 10? 11 0 13 Of 1 3 1 3i 3 o 1 4 10 1 4 1 7 0 24 0 2g 0 2g 0 4 0 4f 0 4 0 7lo 0 8 2 o 0 8 0 91 25 54s. ; rye, pease, and beans, 355. ; barley, beer, or bigg, 315 . ; oats, 195. But by 45 Geo. III. c. 86, no corn, grain, malt or flour, was to be exported from any district, when the price in such district in the preceding week was at or above the import rates. A small ad-valorem duty on the export of corn, (in common with other articles of merchandize), of 105. or 205. per cent, according to the place to which exported, was laid on in 1803, and received various additions during the war, until it amount- ed, immediately previous to the repeal of the export duty on corn in 1814, to £2. 55. or £6 per cent. Bounties on exportation to foreign countries . When the prices* were at The Bounties allowed were or under S . d. For wheat. . . . per qr. 5 0 . 48- biscuit, & c. . per cwt. 1 0 .. rye •* barley, beer, or .. barley, beer, bigg, or malt or bigg. . 28 made therefrom per qr. 2 6 .. ditto meal . .per cwt. 0 10 •• Oats •• Oats . . 16 ° atS ‘ ' • -P er V- 2 0 oatmeal . . . per cwt. 1 0 * See note, page 24. 26 1806. 46 Geo. III. c. 97, from 16th July. All bounties and duties payable on the interchange of corn between Great Britain and Ireland to cease, which interchange might take place what- ever might be the average price, subject only to the regulations attaching to goods removed coast- ways. (The corn to be of native growth, 47 Geo. III. ses. 1. c. 7.) 1814. 54 Geo. III. c. 69, from 17th June. Corn, grain, meal and flour, (bread and biscuit added by treasury order,) to be exported at all times with- out payment of duty, and without receiving any bounty. 1815. 55 Geo. III. c. 26, from 23rd March. Foreign and colonial corn, meal or flour, might at all times be imported, and warehoused, without payment of duty ; but could only be taken out of warehouse for home consumption, or entered for the like purpose on importation, whenever the prices of British corn should be at or above the following sums, and then duty free. [See note 8, appendix.] For corn of the British colonies in North America. For corn not of the British Colonies in Wheat . . . 675. per. qr. Rye, pease andbeans 44 Barley, beer or bigg 33 North America. 805. per. qr. Oats . 22 53 40 27 27 No description of ground corn was prohibited by this act ; but see 1 and 2, Geo. IV. c. 87. (1821.)* The average prices were to be made, as heretofore, in quarterly periods; viz. 15th Feb. 15th May, 15th August, and 15th Nov. in each year, which prices determined the admission to or exclusion from home consumption, for the following three months, until the publication of the next quarterly average ; but when the average prices for the six weeks imme- diately succeeding the termination of the quar- terly periods should fall below the regulating prices, the home consumption of corn, imported from ports between the rivers Eyder and Bidassoa, both inclusive, was to be suspended until the next average for the whole quarter should have been ascertained. 1817. 57 Geo. III. c. 27, from 1st June. Buck wheat, (an article upon which no specific rate of duty had existed since 1782,) was subjected to a duty of 10s. per . qr ., but not being placed under * Indian corn admitted to consumption, by practice, at the same times as barley, until 15th February 1826, from which time it was treated by the officers of customs as an unenumerated article, and charged at £10 per cent, ad- valorem. The act 9 Geo. IV. c. 60, (1828,) again brought this article under the Corn Laws. 28 the operation of the Corn Laws, the entry for home consumption was permitted at all times. The duty increased on 25th March 1824, (4 Geo. IV. c. 69.) to 14s. per quarter, and continued at that rate, by 6 Geo. IV. c. Ill; but by the Corn Act of 1828, buck wheat was considered as corn, and subjected to the same duties as barley. 1821. 1 and 2 Geo. IV. c. 87. No malt nor ground corn, except wheat meal or flour, and oatmeal, to be imported. 1822. 3 Geo. IV. c. 60. This Act provided that as soon as wheat should have been admitted for consumption, under the 55 Geo. III. c. 26, the scale of prices at which the entry for con- sumption of foreign and colonial corn was per- mitted by that Act was to cease,* and thereafter, foreign and colonial corn, meal and flour, might be entered for home consumption, whenever the average prices of the several sorts of British corn should, respectively, be at or above the following sums : For corn of the British colonies or plantations in North America. For corn not of the British colonies or plantations in North America. Wheat . . . 59s. per qr. Rye, pease and beans 39 Barley, beer or bigg 30 46 35 25 70s. per qr. Oats 20 * This did not, however, take place for foreign wheat, the average price remaining under 80s. during the continuance of Table of Duties payal Species. From the British C< tations in Nort When the avert British corn Under 67$. per q at or above 6 7s., 1 at or above 71$.* Wheat . . Rye, pease, and beans . Under 44$. per c at or above 44$., at or above 46$. Barley, beer, or bigg, (and Indian corn.) Under 33$. per c at or above 33$ 35$. 6d. at or above 35$. Oats Under 22$. 6d. \ at or above 22$. der 24$. at or above 24$. Wheatmeal or flour If wheat is unde ditto at or abo\ under 71$. ditto at or above Oatmeal Oats under 22$. ditto at or aboT but under 24$. at or above 24$. Buck wheat, sut Malt, and all gro * Wheat of the B lated after 22 June, Table of Duties payable by Act 3 Geo. IV. c. 60, on Corn when admitted for Home Consumption. From the British Colonies or Plan- tations in North America. From other Parts. Additional Species. Duty. for the first three months. When the average Prices of British corn should be When the average Prices of British corn should be s. d. | s. d. Wheat Under 67s. per quarter* . . Under 80s. per quarter . . 12 0 5 0 at or above 6 7s., but under 71s.* at or above 80s., but under 85s. 5 0 5 0 at or above 71s.* . . . at or above 85s. . 1 o — Rye, pease, Under 44s. per qr. Under 53s. per qr. . . . 8 0 3 6 and beans . at or above 44s., but under 46s. at or above 53s., but under 55 s. 3 6 3 6 at or above 46s. . . . at or above 55s. . . . 0 8 — Barley, beer, Under 33 s. per qr. Under 40s. per qr. 6 0 2 6 or bit™', (and at or above 33s., but under I at or above 40s., but under 1 2 (j 2 6 Indian corn.) 35s. 6d. . . . J 42s. 6d. . . . / at or above 35s. 6c?. 0 8 — at or above 42 s. 6d. 0 6 — Oats Under 22s. 6d. per qr. Under 28s. per qr. 4 0 2 0 at or above 22s. 6 d., but un- 1 at or above 28s., but under 1 O n 2 0 der 24s. . . . j 30s. . . . / L u at or above 24s. . at or above 30s. 0 4 — per cwt. per cwt. Wheatmeal If wheat is under 67s. per qr. If wheat is under 80s. per qr. 3 3 1 7 or flour ditto at or above 67s., but I ditto at or above 80s., but 1 1 1 7 under 71s. . . . j under 85s. . . . / 7 ditto at or above 71s. at or above 85 s. . . . 0 4 — per boll. per boll. Oatmeal Oats under 22s. 6c?. per qr. Oats under 28s. per qr. . . 4 10 2 2 ditto at or above 22s. 6e?., "1 ditto at or above 28s., but 1 o o O O but under 24s. . . J under 30s. . . . J Z Z Z Z at or above 24s. . ditto at or above 30s. 0 6 — Buck wheat, subject to the duty imposed in 1817, and not governed by the Corn Laws. Malt, and all ground corn, except of wheat or oats — prohibited. * Wheat of the British possessions in America ceased to he thus regu- lated after 22 June, 1825. See 6 Geo. 4. c. 64. On admission to consumption, either under this act, should it come into operation, or in the intermediate time under the 55 Geo. III. c. 26, the rates of duty specified in the annexed table were to be paid. The following special provision was made for corn , warehoused before 13 th May 1822. — Such corn, meal and flour, might be taken out of warehouse for home consumption, whenever the average prices of British corn should, respectively, reach the sums above enumerated,* on payment of the duties contained in the annexed table, or when admissible by the 55 Geo. III. c. 26, duty free as heretofore. the Act of 1822; but on 15th May 1825, the quarterly average being above 67s. the regulating prices for colonial wheat, by 55 Geo. III., ceased, and those by 3 Geo. IV. came into operation . * But admitted unconditionally, at certain duties, from 15th June 1825. See 6 Geo. IV. c. 65. 30 1824. 5 Geo. IV. c. 70. Flour permitted to be substituted for any foreign wheat in warehouse, imported before 13th May 1822, in the propor- tion of 1961b. of flour to every 5 bushels of wheat. 1825. 6 Geo. IV. c. *64, (temporary). The pro- hibitions and restrictions upon the importation of wheat, the produce of the British possessions in North America, and the duties payable thereon, under the Acts of 1815 and 1822, were suspended from 22nd June 1825, until the end of the then next session of Parliament, during which period such wheat might be entered for home consump- tion, whatever might be the average price of British corn, on payment of a duty of 5s. per quarter. — ( The provisions of this Act expired July , 1827. Colonial corn from that time was admitted under 7 8 Geo. IV. c. 57, and 9 Geo. IV. c. 60.) 6 Geo. IV. c. 65, ( temporary ). By this Act, any foreign corn, grain or wheat flour (not of the British colonies in North America), which was secured in warehouse before 13th May 1822, was allowed to be taken out for home consump- tion between 15th June, and 15th August 1825, on payment of the following duties : wheat, 105. per quarter; rye, pease, and beans, 65. 6d. per quarter ; barley, 5s. per quarter ; oats, 3s. 6d. per quarter ; flour, 2s. 10 d. per cwt. 1820. 5 Geo. IV. c. 74, which took effect from 1st January, established the imperial measure. 7 Geo. IV. c. 70, ( temporary ). The stock of corn and flour warehoused on or before 2nd May 1826, was permitted to be entered for home con- sumption between 31st May, and 16th August, 1826, on payment of the following rates of duty : wheat, 125. per quarter; rye, pease, and beans, 85. per quarter ; barley, 65. per quarter ; oats, 45. per quarter ; wheatmeal or flour, 35. 3d. per cwt. * 7 Geo. IV. c. 71, ( [temporary ). His Majesty was authorized to admit, by Order in Council, to home consumption, until the 1st January 1827, or for six weeks after the commencement of the then next ensuing session of Parliament, if Par- liament should not then be sitting, any quantity of wheat or wheatflour, warehoused since 2nd May 1826, not exceeding 500,000 quarters, on payment of such duty as should be declared in the Order in Council. (N.B. No wheat or flour was admitted under this authority.) Order in Council, Sept. 1. The prices of cer- tain descriptions of com, owing to a deficient * These are the high rates of duty by the 3rd Geo. IV. c. 60, 1822. The object of this temporary Law was to sus- pend the operation of the Act of 1815, as far as regards the stock of corn in warehouse on 2nd May 1826. 32 crop, having at that date reached the sums fixed by the Act of 1815 for their admission to home consumption, the entry for that purpose was per- mitted, of oats, oatmeal, rye, pease, and beans, whether warehoused or otherwise, bond being given for the payment of the following rates of duty, in case Parliament should authorise the re- ceipt thereof : viz., oats, 2s. per quarter ; oatmeal, 25. 2d. per boll; rye, pease, and beans, 3s. 6d. per quarter. This Order in Council was to continue in force for forty days, from the day of the next meeting of Parliament, unless Parliament should make provision to the contrary. * 1826. Treasury Order, 18th November. The quarterly averages on 15th November, for oats and pease, being such as to authorize the entry thereof for home consumption, under the 55 Geo. III. c. 26, at the duty fixed by 3 Geo. IV. c. 60, directions were given by the Lords of the Trea- sury, on the 18th November, that the duties due under the law (viz. 65. per qr. for oats, and 7s. * The object of this Order was to anticipate the operation of the Act of 1815, which could not legally take effect until 15th November 1826, when the quarterly averages would be declared ; and the admission of the articles in question to entry for consumption, would be allowed only in case those averages were at or above the sums at which consumption was permitted by that Act. 33 for pease,) should not be demanded, but that bond should continue to be taken under the order in council of 1st September. 7 Geo. IV. sess. 2 . c. 3. ( temporary .) All persons concerned in issuing and acting under the order in council of September 1st, were in- demnified ; and the several duties for which bond had been given, were directed to be paid. Per- mission was also granted for the entry for home consumption, in the United Kingdom and Isle of Man, of oats, oatmeal, rye, pease, and beans, until 15th February 1827, at the same duties as by the order in council. 1827. 7 and 8 Geo. IV. c. 57, (from 2nd July , 1827, to continue in force until 1st May 1828.J Com, meal, or flour, from any foreign country, which had been warehoused or reported inwards to be warehoused on or before 1st July 1827 ; and corn, meal, or flour, imported from the Bri- tish possessions out of Europe, before 1st May 1828, permitted to be entered for home con- sumption, on payment of the duties under- mentioned; but no higher duties were to be charged than would have been payable if this act had Rates of duty on corn, the produce of any British possession out of Europe, imported from thence before 1st May 1828. Rye, pease and beans . . And whenever the prices should be at or above those sums, the duty to be 6d. per qr. on each description. Indian corn, buck-wheat, beer or bigg — as bar- ley. Wheat meal and flour — per barrel of 196ib, a duty equal to that payable on 38j gallons of wheat (or ~ of a qr.) Oatmeal — for every quantity of 18 life, a duty equal to that payable on a qr. of oats. Malt and all ground corn except of wheat or oats — prohibited for home consumption. 1828. 9 Geo. IV. c. 60. The following acts relating to corn — 55 Geo. III. c. 26, (1815) 3 Geo. IV. c. 60, (1822,) and 7 and 8 Geo. IV. c. 58, (1827,) and so much also of 6 Geo. IV. c. Ill as imposes duties on buck-wheat and Indian Until the prices of British corn should be the duty to be For Wheat Barley Oats D 2 corn — repealed. From 15th July, 1828, corn, grain, meal and flour allowed to be entered, in the United Kingdom, for home consumption, at all times, upon the payment of duties, to be governed by weekly average prices of British corn, trans- mitted to the officers of customs at each port, which certificate is to regulate the rates of duty until the receipt of the next weekly certificate of prices. [See Note 9 Appendix.] Duties on corn imported from any foreign coun- try- s. s. s. d. r 66 and under 67 the duty to be 20 8 per qr. 67 68 18 8 . . Wheat 68 69 16 8 . . when the 69 70 13 8 . . average price is 70 71 10 8 . . 71 72 6 8 72 73 2 8.. at or above 73 V • • 10.. And in respect of every shilling, or part thereof, by which such price shall be under 66s., the duty to be increased from 20s. 8d. by Is. Barley — when the price is 33s., and under 34s., the duty to be 12s. 4 d. per qr. And in respect of every shilling by which such 37 price is above 33s., such duty to be decreased by Is. 6d., until the price shall be 41s. When the price is at or above 41s., the duty to be Is. When the price is under 33s., and not under 32s., the duty to be 13s. lOd. And in respect of every shilling, or part thereof, by which such price is under 32s., the duty to be increased by Is. 6d. Oats. — When the price is 25s., and under 26s., the duty to be 9s. 3 cl. per quarter. And in respect of every shilling by which such price is above 25s., such duty to be decreased by Is. 6d., until the price shall be 31s. When the price is at or above 31s., the duty to be Is. When the price is under 25s., and not under 24s., the duty to be 10s. 9 d. And in respect of each shilling, or part thereof, by which such price is under 24s., the duty to be increased by Is. 6d. Rye, Pease, and Beans. — When the price is 36s., and under 37s., the duty to be 15s. Qd. per quarter. And in respect of every shilling by which such price is above 36s., such duty to be decreased by Is. 6d., until the price shall be 46s. When the price is at or above 405., the duty to be 15. When the price is under 365., and not under 355., the duty to be 165. 9 d. And in respect of every shilling, or part thereof, by which such price is under 355., such duty to be increased by 15. Od. Duties on Corn, the produce of, and imported from , any British Possession, out of Europe. When the Prices are The Duty to be s. d. Wheat . . under 675. per qr. 5 0 at or above 675. . 0 6 Barley . . under 345. . . 2 6 at or above 345. . 0 6 Oats . . under 2 5s. . . 2 0 at or above 25 s. . 0 6 Rye, Pease, and Beans under 415. . . 3 0 at or above 415. . 0 6 Indian corn, or maize, buckwheat, beer or bigg, as barley. Wheatmeal and flour, per barrel of 1961b., a duty equal to that payable on 38j gallons of wheat, (or ® 0 of a quarter). Oatmeal, for every quantity of 181 Jib., a duty equal to that payable on a quarter of oats. 39 Prohibitions for Consumption. Malt, in the United Kingdom. All ground corn, except wheatmeal or flour, and oatmeal, in Great Britain. All ground corn, in Ireland. See a list of the various authorities by which the importation, exportation, and consumption of corn have been regulated from the year 1660, stated under the different subjects, and referring to the preceding pages. Note 10, appendix. And a statement of the average prices of wheat from 1670 to the present time, note 11, appendix. APPENDIX. Note 1 , page 1 . “ In this country corn was generally forbidden to be exported, even to Scotland, commonly, till the 13 Eliz., when it was allowed on payment of Is. per qr. duty on wheat. By the 35 Eliz. the duty was raised to 2s. and the export price was fixed at 20s. per qr. The duty of 2s. was continued, and the price at which exportation was allowable raised by 1 James I. to 26s. 8c?.; by 21 James I. to 32s. ; by Cromwell’s ordinance in 1656 to 40s. with a duty of Is. 1 d” Jacob's Report , U$th March, 1828. Note 2, page 1. The ancient parliamentary subsidies were in all cases composed of two distinct parts, viz. tonnage and poun- dage, the former applicable to wine, and the latter to other goods, being originally 6d. and afterwards (1699) Is. in the pound. The term customs was applied only to the duty on native productions exported. Note 3, page 2. In this act, entitled an Act for the encouragement of trade,” it is stated that “ the encouraging of tillage ought to be in an especial manner regarded and endeavoured : 42 and that the surest and most effectuallest means of promoting and advancing any trade, occupation or employment, are rendering it profitable to the users thereof; and great quantities of land within this king- dom for the present lying in a manner waste, and yielding little, might thereby be improved to considerable profit and advantage (if sufficient encouragement were given for the laying out of cost and labour on the same,) and thereby much more corn produced, great numbers of people, horses, and cattle employed, and other lands also rendered more valuable.” Note 4, page 4. Sums paid in bounty upon the exportation of corn from Great Britain, from 1697. Year £. Year £. Year £. Year £. 1697 • . 14,712 1724 . . 77,935 1751 .. 154,905 1778 .. 43,530 1698 • . 11,653 1725 . . 107,524 1752 .. 186,218 1779 .. 54,906 ,1699 . 408 1726 . . 83,308 1753 .. 219,503 1780 .. 77,441 1700 • • 77 1727 . . 48,756 1754 .. 141,131 1781 , .. 35,178 1701 . 1728 . . 28,296 1755 .. 164,520 1782 , .. 43,616 1702 . 42*624 1729 . . 18,945 1756 .. 109,584 1783 .. 9,869 1703 . . 61,232 1730 . . 40,590 1757 .. 22,658 1784 , .. 24,030 1704 . . 44,403 1731 . . 58,492 1758 .. 3,752 1785 , .. 47,546 1705 . . 48,104 1732 . . 60,760 1759 .. 53,818 1786 , .. 55,998 1706 . . 74,277 1733 . . 114,654 1760 .. 118,249 1787 . . 50,916 1707 . . 38,997 1734 . . 171,000 1761 . . 153,615 1788 .. 45,537 1708 . . 37,652 1735 . . 100,038 1762 .. 128,985 1789 , .. 82,253 1709 . . 94,120 1736 . . 50,562 1763 .. 152,713 1790 , .. 13,434 1710 . . 16,293 1737 . . 102,511 1764 .. 149,608 1791 .. 7,656 1711 • . 44,468 1738 . . 177,737 1765 .. 33,935 1792 .. 76,802 1712 . . 65,872 1739 . . 145,702 1766 .. 114,206 1793 .. 7,415 1713 . . 84,803 1740 . . 39,366 1767 .. 8,116 1794 .. 5,796 1714 . . 77,157 1741 . . 18,580 1768 .. 238 1795 24 1715 . . 60,669 1742 . . 90,640 1769 .. 10 1796 50 1716 . . 56,027 1743 . . 131,459 1770 .. 14,770 1797 62 1717 . . 48,272 1744 . . 116,896 1771 .. 6,170 1798 495 1718 . . 60,495 1745 . . 131,879 1772 .. 5 1799 . .. 4,632 1719 . . 83,398 1746 , . 104,562 1773 .. 13 1800 . 372 1720 . . 68,032 1747 . . 127,011 1774 .. 3,078 1801, 1802 „ 1721 . . 64,375 1748 . . 189,501 1775 .. 7,888 1803 767 1722 . . 91,304 1749 . . 222,184 1776 .. 51,555 1804 . .. 15,372 1723 . . 86,558 1750 . . 262,583 1777 .. 45,029 1807 78 1808 to 1814 1 NU when they ceased J 43 Note 5, page 4. Imports and Exports of all descriptions of corn, from 1697 to 1814. 1697 to 1764 both inclusive, 68 years. 1765 to 1773 do. 9 1774 to 1791 do. 18 1792 to 1804 do. 13 1805 to 1814 do. 10 ' Omitting the free interchange with Ireland Abstract of Pari. Paper , No. 100. sess. 1826. Note 6, page 8. In this law it is stated that tc the several Acts hereto- fore made concerning the duties and bounties on the importation and exportation of corn, have greatly tended to the advancement of tillage and navigation ; yet, never- theless, it having been of late years found necessary, on account of the small quantities of corn in hand and the shortness of the crops, to suspend the operation of those laws by temporary statutes, it was desirable that a per- manent law should be passed, to render such temporary expedients unnecessary.” Note 7, pages 18, 21, and 22. Sums paid in bounty on the importation of corn into £. 1802 . . 715,323 1803. . 43,977 1804. . 4,791 1805. . 21,799 1807 . . 129 1810 . . 138 Great Britain £. 1796 . . 573,418 1797. . 28,565 1798. . 454 1799. . 16 1800 . . 44,836 1801 . . 1,420,355 Imports. Exports. Excess of Imports. Excess of Exports. qrs. qrs. qrs. qrs. 1,723,818 34,926,825 33,203,007 3,151,020 1,468,092 1,682,928 — 11,945,822 5,419,625 6,526,197 — 18,577,612 1,832,515 16,745,097 — 7,697,863 1,430,938 6,266,925 ! 44 ,3 CO C 1 ctf Sn O Ph a a> e$ u g 53 CO A3 06 ■5 oo 'S.S 'rs ^ S3 CD eS Ph 73 be .2 'g 3 _a E P- +3 S 00 W H O & Is C3 ® .2 2L -3 CO cS 3 S- CO a> Q. CO 0 £ 0 ) 4J I O ■2 bo j ’§ i o : ^ ' rP C .2 o c a> .p s •si *C ^ m z . 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CT5 co co oo co co i $ |*&-g in in I tc irt to o p o o o CO 00 I OO CO co 00 00 CO 00 00 > o p £ s J J « £ PH to tT5 to l> C5 O T)l b. H cm CM CM 00 00 00 00 CO . p* 1-5 nj 2 & NOSinbt HHCMN 00 OO 00 00 l ^ 00 CO 00 ONOOO CO 00 oo CO Q Ph w Ph s- ® 3 ' d, Ph-p » ^H CO i— 1 tf5 1 I 0 0 tn 0 *0 »ft rH CM CM CM CM CM CM CO rH CM CM HH CM CM I-H o o o o o 2 2 0 0 1 O O O O O O •+J +j 4J 4H 4-i 4-3 J-5 4-> +H -*-> co oo o "^5 co d 00 t-O co *0 CO CC O QO CO — i H CM 01 CM rn rr\ rr\ rr\ m rH rH CM CM rr\ rr\ m rr\ rr\ m rr\ rr\ rr\ m to tf5 tO tf5 tO 00 00 00 00 _o & > > in to in o > "S* O Jg ^ ^ _o ^ in in lo in be a 'U o a> H 01 >» i 35 re g (D o rP CJ3 5 Periods at which Foreign and Colonial Corn was admitted for home consumption, dui’ing the the same period, under other authorities. 45 © id o co co oo 03 03 03 03 > t> > > l-H hH o 03 o o 03 o o 03 o o 03 o CO CO N oo o r-4 03 O P -d O OJ g|« o c3 > o co T3 f3 o ^ o| . B ' o 03 .2 co S3 * .bp ffl £ . o *03 2 • 2 ^3 2 -a • 0m O Oi-, ’’O O 03 o +» -s 1 CO Sh S3 S3 ° . H3 2 a “ *C O ^3 *1 1 * • «3 •' & -Q bC oq C 03 1 fc* CD Ol S ‘S £ S) 1 & *8 o Fn ja ° H 03 £ » 2 Sss^ £ S3 O 8 >-9 A 3 s ^2 03 n o bC ■<3 £3 1° 8 S Note 8, Page 26, ( continued .) Quantities of Corn admitted to Home Consumption from the passing of the Act 55 Geo. III. (2‘3rd March , 1815,) to the passing of 9 Geo. IV. c. 60, (15/A July 1828.) 46 O M • ” » s « aT* ~ « S c/} o 3 rC o .2 G cp| _o . , ‘E CO s 1^,3 n £ •C O QO l>. i— I l-H © 0(0®in COON-# # t>. *o o o g T* CO to Si*-' CO C5 co hOM co 05 m >-* CM 05 CM O CO CM tx ^ II 11 1 1 1^1 1 1 ^ I 05 M 1 o' tC oT cot" o NOOOifl HCOOOOO iCONCO i-rcTiffi-c CO CO 05 r-t r-i if5 ^ CO CO CO lO I 05 COOONHNN CM (SOiONifi 05 CO rt ^ I 1.0 I N CO N ^ CD I to I CO co .o oCoo'tCio' o ^jT ifT co r-1 T* CM 1 H 1 hN 05 05 tH »>• OI t>» I O IN. 05 O CO ■<# 05 CO TH rH ^ © CO 05 GO Tf S ^ 05_ CO_ CO ©. o © © ^ O CO H (NI>CO H 1 1 1 Cl 1 1 1 1 © 1 1 1 °I 1 £ QO CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 CM 1 Tf< l» Tj< 05 H CO a & .SP'g g o S be CM n3 CO CO CO ONONO^^No^O CO .CO .COCO 50 . ©ON » . O . . • o . . . O . o O u . O « o . HH . HH # # • HH # . # I— < . H- 1 ,HH I M . |—| I— t I— l o . . * - o o ® o ° *”! CO 8 ^ o g CO tx CO tx CO 05 O H N CO HHHrtNNNN CO 00 00 CO 00 00 CO CO m CM . . QO . . «x CO . (M .CM •CO -CO Note 8, Page 26, ( continued .) 47 4^ CM 00 OOC •-* ca iS'C S £« I CM co to on ^ O cO CM w 4 h. CO CO 00 .-i on I on CM on CM 40 On CM CM 00 © 40 CO CO rH CM tO 4>» CO COOOH iOOCMhCM 40 CM CO i—l 00 O CM 1 CO^tO_ ^ I cn^ CM^ CM t'* 00 CM CO 1 2 I cT oT cT co 40 ocT r-T cTo’oo’ CM | H tO CO 1 ^ ^ rH rH | CO 00 hH CO tO CM CM On CM CM CM^ CM^ k,o cm" on tC H CO N H on, iCHonoxoo^inON CnomnCMO^cnOiOeo , m o *n h in h oo n s! to’ cn ih cn tC on rH OH>. 4 ^ on CM CM [ ■^CmniN *© O c0 O 40 00^ 00 CM CO CM 40 CO tO CO CM tO C5 o CX, 03 cc 40 O 50 53 tO CM o ^3 . CM . . ® <:*' S" "h«S “«.o >H>43 N - - - d"-S » 6 03 o Sh 4) O 03 03 « 40 tO t>» IJ lON O ONOOCnOHCMcOijiiO 40 hhhhCMCMNNNCM .CM . . 00000000000000030000 -CO • • 1828 Note 8, page 26. ( continued ). 48 ©.SO s - “ • CM r-i I— I © ^weooooo t>» © tP TP CM H © t-* -5 w «5 S3 > .2 © Z-t o ~ o jJ & 02 © ^ « c> o • l—l . . o o o § o o ci S3 .© .M O o — fl C • > i— i © .Sh . o CD o £ « S © 0 ,£3 Jc 00 UO h. Hrrt d ) c/3 Cfi 111 i2j j CD il« i|S "O cd hfl a ^ 00 8 <% o © t>. CM CM CO CO CO © >-l CM *>. Ml CO TP © © © CO CM CO Tp © CM CM CM CM CO CO CO CO M tP C 5 CO tP K5 H © p< N l->. tP © CO -cP »>• 00 © © «-H H H H CM CM CO 00 CO CO CO 49 A g . <5 £ s 0) D 05 00 W H o £ o E (X! o O 05 oo co ^ 05 S CO kO oo kd 04 o 05 04 00 M< Tt< Tj< . 05 to 04 i-l CO kO H 05 H oo" 05 cd' oi o 04 r-i eo eo ® pH p-I 04 to CO kO o . to Tt< to t» kO o 04 04 tJh" 05 O 00 pH 04 Tt< 05 O 00 04 ^ | ^ s kfT ko' I oT t) 04 O 00 --I CO H CO to 05 4 >. tO t» 04 05 • °° ^ S kO tO~ S^Os 04 CO pH CO O 4 >. kO O O 04 r- O kO^OO^C^kO 05 o' 'tjT njT qo' 04 CO to H CO 04 pH 05 Tfl to 00 -tf N l-H k -p CO CO to o ^ I'P. 04 PH O CO CO O 05 Tt< 05 00 05 00 kO H o o o o t>. 05^ o' oo kO CO O H 00 o kO o co oT O CO O CO <*$ . » Pm is • 4 -J *c • pq to 04 00 pH CO Oh. . PP S 05 I® ot o OT > S> l-H |-H 6 o o O $0 CO to to . o £* 8 fc O-B 8 d o . ^ o ■8 0 S 00 « «8 PH^ O >— 1 o . o o & 8 g? °0 I *>• F*F kO O Note 9 , page 36 . Quantities of corn admitted to Consumption from the passing of Act 9 , Geo. IV. c. 60 . (15 tli July, 1828 .) 50 * % aj S 3 I G a 'c o° ts** i o<~ £ © f-< © M tfl O i(5 Cl IN iO tO 05 CO CO © CO • O i-H 1 C. _ l •a ffl m tn » '■<3 00 O tOlOl(5rtH!OONHNHClH tOOtONWtOWcOCONOTjib. £ co* co oo of of in to to of i-f in o' Oil— l© 0 )i< KO »>• 05 CO rH iO pH iioon i— i co co io *53 in o tu “ a> VC co ES r— T! 22 o PQ tO N i— I 05 HT). X H oi (M m hh into 2 ° m Cfl s + .2 "to « ai |2 S ^ °(S TjuniNinNrtiNoonHxo HtO«INt(iClHNiK5lsXI>.T|i . NRHNHO O^CO_CO 00 ^ 00 ^^ 00 ^ ’^p^otfacTn^p^irfoftotCtO'tfi-H' ; pH -^WONtOtJICOCO tC OO f-H CO fa OHXOMHHOffiN’jiNin NOaOP 5 K 50 )NMK 5 HHN N H N ® X tO IN IN N Cl H Cl in h o' in rH 05 CO CO iO 05 to H CO O to to m rt h n in *53 M < Note 9, page 36. ( continued .) 51 CONONNNMHNOOtIMMiO . O O O ^ CTsWCsO-'-H'^ 1 ?CO WHNW NtfiNHOlN *e n • tNt>(M(NMCO PQ ® O-H (M CO O® C5H NHCO(DOOO)ONNOO<00 g « CO -*J^© N^ ^c^'^c<^c^cot'.»>r^oj>rr-rco'io' ^co^OHHinNxxHGio 05 00NOHHNP500GNC0N . OO O N N ® N riinnom T * < ef l F l°l lO 1(5