AuusZyL 
 
 STATE OF ILLINOIS 
 
 WILLIAM G. STRATTON, Governor 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION 
 
 VERA M. BINKS, Director 
 
 BRINE DISPOSAL IN 
 ILLINOIS OIL FIELDS 
 
 Alfred H. Bell 
 
 In cooperation with the Interstate Oil Compact Commission 
 
 ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL 
 SURVEY LIBRARY 
 
 DIVISION OF THE 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 JOHN C. FRYE, Chief URBANA 
 
 CIRCULAR 244 
 
 1957 
 

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BRINE DISPOSAL IN ILLINOIS OIL FIELDS 
 
 Alfred H. Bell 
 
 ABSTRACT 
 
 This summary of brine disposal as of January 1, 1957, is the 
 Illinois part of a report on brine disposal in oil fields of the United 
 States, prepared by the Interstate Oil Compact Commission. 
 
 Illinois oil fields produce more than twice as much brine as 
 oil and dispose of most of the brine by injecting it into wells that 
 are either specially drilled for the purpose or converted from dry 
 holes or abandoned producers. Only small quantities can be dis- 
 posed of in any one place by evaporation from storage pits. 
 
 Illinois has about 370 oil fields of which about 90 use wells 
 for subsurface brine disposal. In December 195 6 about 210 ,000 bbls. 
 of brine were injected daily into about 500 wells. About 70 percent 
 of the total brine was injected into Mis sis sippian formations. The 
 rest was put into Devonian-Silurian (16 percent), Pennsylvanian 
 (12 percent), and Ordovician and unclassified (2 percent). 
 
 The two major problems in brine disposal are corrosion of 
 equipment and plugging of the disposal formation. Both are largely 
 chemical problems. 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 This report on brine disposal in Illinois was prepared as part of a report 
 on brine disposal in the United States. The study was undertaken in 1955 by the 
 Research Committee of the Interstate Oil Compact Commission. Preliminary re- 
 ports on several states were submitted to the Research Committee at three pre- 
 vious meetings, in May 1956, December 1956, and June 1957. 
 
 At the June 1957 meeting the Research Committee adopted a comprehensive 
 outline for the state reports and decided to ask each state to submit a revised 
 report, if it wished to do so, giving the status of brine disposal at the beginning 
 of 1957 and covering as many as possible of the items included in the outline. 
 
 The disposal of brine produced with crude oil in Illinois is a major prob- 
 lem and one that adds appreciably to the cost of producing oil. Because the 
 climate is relatively humid, the disposal of brine by evaporation in any sub- 
 stantial quantity is not practical in Illinois , and accordingly much of the pro- 
 duced brine is disposed of by re-injection into subsurface formations through 
 wells that are specially drilled or converted for this purpose. Because pollu- 
 tion of potable waters must be avoided, the formations selected for brine dis- 
 posal are generally some hundreds of feet deeper than aquifers used for water 
 supplies and are separated from them by relatively impervious formations . 
 
 Much produced brine is used in waterflooding operations to recover oil, 
 and additional large quantities of brine are disposed of by injecting it into for- 
 mations that do not carry oil in the area of injection. Formerly subsurface brine 
 disposal into oil-bearing rocks often caused unexpected increases in oil pro- 
 duction from adjacent wells. Thus what started as a purely disposal well may 
 become an injection well for waterflooding. It is not always possible to dis- 
 tinguish between input wells for waterflooding and salt water disposal wells. 
 
 [1] 
 
2 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 This discussion has been confined so far as possible to purely disposal 
 operations but because of the overlap of brine disposal with injection for flood- 
 ing, it is impossible to exclude some waterflooding operations. No attempt is 
 made to consider the economic aspects of brine disposal. 
 
 This report is based on replies to questionnaires sent in July 1957 to about 
 one hundred oil companies which, according to Survey records, had received 
 permits for SWD (salt water disposal) wells, either original drillings or conver- 
 sions, in the previous ten years. The questionnaires requested information on the 
 following points: 
 
 (1) Number of disposal wells operating in each pool on January 
 1, 1957. 
 
 (2) Names, depths, and thickness of the formations into which 
 brine is being injected. 
 
 (3) Barrels of brine disposed of per day in December 1956, by 
 wells or by pools, either measured or estimated. (If pos- 
 sible, separate the amounts by formations used for disposal; 
 otherwise, give totals.) 
 
 (4) Methods of construction and operation of disposal wells and 
 any special problems you have encountered. 
 
 A total of 40 replies was received up to November 1, 1957, and 38 of them pro- 
 vided data on brine disposal. 
 
 BRINE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS 
 
 Regulations pertaining to oil and gas drilling in Illinois are administered 
 by the Oil and Gas Division, Department of Mines and Minerals, Springfield. 
 Rule IX is here quoted from the booklet entitled "An Act in Relation to Oil, Gas, 
 and Other Surface and Underground Resources and Rules and Regulations," 
 Revised Edition 1953, pages 60-61. 
 
 RULE LX 
 
 Disposal of Salt Water or Other Liquids to 
 
 Prevent Waste as Defined in the Act 
 
 "To prevent waste, no person shall dispose of salt water or other waste 
 liquids except in the following manner. Any other method of disposal is hereby 
 prohibited. 
 
 "(1) Mining Board Supervision 
 
 "When salt water or other waste liquid is not properly impounded or is 
 being improperly disposed of, the Mining Board shall order such improper con- 
 dition corrected when it is determined that the disposal method used pollutes 
 fresh water supplies, creates a hazard, or is injurious to life, health or property. 
 
 "(2) Disposal in Underground Stratum 
 
 "Salt water or other waste liquids may be disposed of into an underground 
 formation or strata after a permit to do so has been procured from the Mining 
 Board or hereinbefore provided. The Mining Board shall have authority to desig- 
 nate and approve the stratum into which such liquids shall be disposed of, also 
 the protective work necessary to confine such liquids to the intended stratum. 
 
BRINE DISPOSAL IN ILLINOIS OIL FIELDS 3 
 
 All such work shall be executed under the supervision of a Mining Board Repre- 
 sentative and shall conform to the requirements imposed in granting the permit 
 therefor. 
 
 "(3) Disposal in Earthen Pits 
 
 "Salt water or other waste liquids may also be disposed of by evaporation 
 when impounded in excavated earthen pits, which may only be used for such 
 purpose when the pit is underlaid by tight soil such as heavy clay or hardpan. 
 
 "Where the soil under the pit is porous and closely underlaid by a gravel 
 or sand stratum, impounding of salt water or other waste liquids in such earthen 
 pits is hereby prohibited. When such liquids are impounded in an earthen pit, 
 it shall be so constructed and maintained as to prevent escape of such liquids 
 therefrom. 
 
 "The Mining Board shall have authority to condemn any pit which does not 
 properly impound such liquids and order the disposal of such liquids into an 
 underground formation, as herein provided. 
 
 "The level of salt water or other waste liquids in earthen pits shall at no 
 time be permitted to rise above the lowest point of the ground surface level. All 
 pits shall have a continuous embankment surrounding them sufficiently above the 
 level of the surface to prevent surface water from running into the pit. Such 
 embankment shall not be used to impound salt water or other waste liquids. 
 
 "At no time shall salt water or other waste liquids impounded in earthen 
 pits be allowed to escape over adjacent lands or into streams. 
 
 "(4) Pipes to be Kept in Repair 
 
 "A pipe conveying such liquids to any salt water disposal well or pit 
 shall be kept in good repair and free from leaks, and no outlet valve will be 
 permitted in such pipe between the place of origin and discharge. " 
 
 ENFORCEMENT POLICIES AND PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS 
 
 The statute under which Rules and Regulations of the Department of Mines 
 and Minerals for the Oil and Gas Division were approved and adopted November 
 7, 1951, became effective July 12, 1951. Enforcement policies are covered in 
 Sec. 11 of the Act which is quoted below: 
 
 "Whenever it shall appear that any person is violating or threatening to 
 violate any provision of this Act, or any Rule, Regulation or Order made here- 
 under, and unless the Mining Board, without litigation, can effectively prevent 
 further violation or threat of violation, then the Mining Board through the Attorney 
 General, who may call to his assistance the State's Attorney of the county in 
 which suit is instituted, shall bring suit in the name of the people of the State 
 of Illinois against such person in the circuit court of the county wherein is sit- 
 uated any part of the land which is the subject matter of such action, to restrain 
 such person from continuing such violation or from carrying out the threat of 
 violation. In such suit the Mining Board, in the name of the People of the State 
 of Illinois, may obtain such injunctions, prohibitory and mandatory, including 
 temporary restraining orders and temporary injunctions, as the facts may warrant. ' 
 
 Penalties for violations are set forth in Sec. 26(A). "Any person who vio- 
 lates any provision of this Act or who, after notice of any valid rule, regulation 
 
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 \ 
 
 A 
 
 
 LJ &fi 
 
 SCALE OF MILES 
 
 10 20 30 
 
 KEY 
 %0IL FIELD, % ABANDONED 
 Q GAS FIELD, ^ABANDONED 
 
 JANUARY I, 1957 
 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Fig. 1. - Oil and gas fields of Illinois except for a few that are outside 
 of the area mapped. Illinois has about 370 oil fields, including aban- 
 doned fields. All but about 27 of them have been developed since 1937. 
 
BRINE DISPOSAL IN ILLINOIS OIL FIELDS 
 
 MACOUPIN 
 
 CHRISTIAN I MACON 
 
 MONTGOMERY 
 
 MADISON 
 
 J BOND 
 
 SHELBY 
 
 MOULTRIE 
 
 FAYETTE 
 
 J EFFINGHAM 
 
 DOUGLAS 
 
 ccJes 
 
 \ 
 
 EDGAR 
 
 CUMBERLAND 
 
 rCLARl 
 
 ST CLAIR 
 
 JASPER 
 
 / 
 
 CLAY I ~« 1 
 
 ft 1 .* \tr* 
 
 r V * _ -M. RICHL 
 
 < *« t 
 
 .JEFFERSON 
 
 4 FIELDS THAT HAVE f RANKL ^ * 
 
 SWD WELLS 
 Jon. I, 1957 
 
 Scale of Miles 
 9 ? ip , 20 
 
 WILLIAMSON 
 
 Fig. 2. - Illinois oil fields that have salt water disposal wells. The wide 
 distribution of subsurface brine disposal is illustrated by comparison of 
 the two maps. The 90 or so fields shown above have 86 percent of the total 
 oil field area and 88 percent of the total oil production. If any fields 
 have been inadvertently omitted from this survey of brine disposal, these 
 two percentages should be correspondingly increased. 
 
6 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 or order of the Mining Board made hereunder, violates, repeats or continues the 
 violation thereof, shall be subject to a fine of not to exceed $50 a day for each 
 and every act of violation, (b) Any person wilfully aiding or abetting any other 
 person in the violation of any provision of this Act, or any Rule, Regulation and 
 Order made hereunder, shall be subject to the same penalties as are prescribed 
 herein for the violation by such other person. " 
 
 EXTENT OF BRINE PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL 
 
 As most Illinois oil wellc produce brine , the problem of its proper disposal 
 is an ever present one in the oil-producing area. In many pools where only 
 small quantities of brine are produced it is impounded in evaporation pits. Pits 
 are used almost always in connection with brine disposal operations whether 
 there is subsurface disposal or not. Many companies reported that they use 
 storage pits or corrosive-resistant tanks into which brine is piped from producing 
 wells. From these storage pits or tanks brine is pumped or siphoned into the in- 
 jection wells. 
 
 The present report does not include any detailed survey of brine disposal 
 in evaporation pits. 
 
 Out of a total of some 370 oil pools in Illinois (fig. 1; Bell et al. , in press) 
 only about 90 have brine disposal wells (fig. 2 and table 3). However, these 90 
 oil pools include nearly all of the larger pools in the State and they are widely 
 distributed throughout the oil producing region. They had 86 percent of the total 
 oil producing area and 88 percent of the daily average production in December 
 1956. 
 
 Brine produced with oil from oil wells and used in waterflooding is esti- 
 mated to total 106,179,000 barrels in 1956 (Pryor et al. , 1957) or an average 
 of approximately 290,000 barrels per day for the whole year. Brine injected into 
 disposal wells in December 19 56 was at a daily average rate of approximately 
 209,740 barrels. Assuming that the daily average of brine injected for water- 
 flooding was the same in December 1956 as it was for the whole year, the total 
 brine produced and injected both for waterflooding and for disposal amounted to 
 a daily average of 499,740 barrels in December 1956. As the daily average oil 
 production in that month was about 225,000 barrels, brine was produced in a 
 ratio of 2.2 barrels to 1 barrel of oil. This does not take account of brine dis- 
 posed of in evaporation pits for which no quantitative measure is available. 
 
 The continued expansion of waterflooding operations in Illinois will demand 
 more and more water and it seems likely that the use of produced brine for water- 
 flooding will increase. This should result in a decreasing need for purely dis- 
 posal operations. For this reason and because some subsurface disposal oper- 
 ations may have been omitted in this survey the actual water-oil ratio is prob- 
 ably somewhat greater than 2.2 to 1. 
 
 The succession of rock strata in southern Illinois down to the St. Peter 
 sandstone of Ordovician age is summarized in table 1. This table indicates 
 which formations produce oil and gas and which ones are used for brine disposal. 
 It is noteworthy that nearly all of the oil or gas producing formations are in use 
 for brine disposal. 
 
RINE DISPOSAL IN ILLINOIS OIL FIELDS 
 
 Table 1. - Geologic Column for Southern Illinois Showing Oil or Gas 
 Producing Formations and Formations used for Salt Water Disposal 
 
 System or 
 series 
 
 Oil or 
 gas 
 
 SWD 
 
 Group or formation, and lithology 
 Is - limestone, ss - sandstone, sh - shale 
 
 Pleistocene 
 
 
 
 Glacial drift and loess 
 
 Tertiary- 
 Cretaceous 
 
 
 
 Chert gravel, sand and clay 
 
 Pennsylvanian 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 McLeansboro group - sh. , Is. , thin Is. 
 and coal 
 
 Carbondale group - sh. , Is. , ss. , coal 
 Tradewater group - ss. , sh. , and thin coal 
 Caseyville group - ss. , sh. , and thin coal 
 
 Chester Series 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 
 X 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Klnkaid - Is. , sh. 
 
 Degonia - ss. 
 
 Clore - Is. , sh. , ss. 
 
 Palestine - ss. 
 
 Menard - Is. , sh. 
 
 Waltersburg - ss. 
 
 Vienna - Is. , sh. 
 
 Tar Springs - ss. 
 
 Glen Dean - Is. , sh. 
 
 Hardinsburg - ss 
 
 Golconda - Is. , sh. 
 
 Cypress - ss. 
 
 Paint Creek - Is. , sh. , ss. 
 
 Bethel - ss. 
 
 Renault - Is. , sh. , ss. 
 
 Aux Vases - ss. 
 
 Valmeyer Series 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 
 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 (""Levias - Is . 
 Ste. Genevieve -| Rosiclare - ss. 
 
 (JFredonia - Is. 
 
 St. Louis - Is. 
 
 Salem - Is. 
 
 Warsaw - Is. 
 
 Keokuk - Is. _ 
 
 _ , . . . Osage group 
 
 Burlington - Is. 
 
 Fern Glen - Is. 
 
 Kinderhook Series 
 
 
 
 Sh. , Is. , ss. 
 
 Mississippian and 
 Devonian 
 
 
 
 Chattanooga - New Albany sh. 
 
 Devonian 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 Limestone 
 
 Silurian 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 Dolomite 
 
 Ordovician 
 
 o 
 
 
 Maquoketa - sh. 
 Kimmswick - Is. 
 Plattin - Is. 
 Joachim - Is. 
 St. Peter - ss. 
 
 Pre -St. Peter 
 
 
 
 Unidentified 
 
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Table 2. - Brine Disposal in Illinois by Formations, Jan. 1, 1957 
 Based on information furnished by 35 companies 
 
 System 
 
 Series 
 
 Formation 
 
 Pennsylvanian 
 
 Mississippian 
 Chester 
 
 Degonia 
 Palestine 
 Waltersburg 
 Tar Springs 
 Glen Dean 
 Hardinsburg 
 Cypress 
 Paint Creek 
 Benoist 
 Aux Vases 
 Valmeyer 
 
 Brine Disposal 
 (barrels per day) 
 av. for Dec. 195 6 
 
 24,953 
 
 94 
 
 437 
 
 1,531 
 
 21,588 
 
 2,350 
 
 7,603 
 
 26,195 
 
 240 
 
 856 
 
 12,245 
 
 Ste. Genevieve 54,028 
 
 (Ohara, Rosiclare, 
 McClosky) 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Salem 
 Devonian 
 Silurian 
 Ordovician 
 
 Trenton 10 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 "Stray" and unclassified 3,0 60 
 
 Total 209,740 
 
 No. 
 
 SWD 
 
 Wells 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 58 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 45 
 1 
 8 
 
 70 
 
 170 
 
 23 
 502 
 
 Percent Average 
 
 11.9 
 
 0.2 
 
 0.7 
 
 10.3 
 
 1.1 
 
 3.6 
 12.6 
 0.1 
 0.4 
 5.9 
 
 26.0 
 
 600 
 
 1 
 
 0.3 
 
 18,946 
 
 15 
 
 9.0_ 
 
 32,846 
 
 17 
 
 15.6 
 
 1,731 
 
 3 
 
 0.8 
 
 1.5 
 
 11.9 
 
 34.9 
 
 35.3 
 
 16.4 
 
 1.5 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
BRINE DISPOSAL IN ILLINOIS OIL FIELDS 9 
 
 Table 2 gives the amounts of brine disposal in barrels per day in December 
 1956 by geologic systems, series, and formations. The Mississippian rocks 
 were taking a total of 70 percent of the brine of which about half was into Chester 
 series and half into Valmeyer series. Smaller amounts were being put into Devon- 
 ian-Silurian, Pennsylvanian, and Ordovician rocks. 
 
 The Devonian had the highest average intake per well, about 1728 barrels 
 per day in December 1956. The Pennsylvanian, Chester, and Valmeyer had 360 
 barrels, 368 barrels, and 376 barrels respectively. 
 
 TECHNICAL PROBLEMS OF DISPOSAL 
 
 Since most of the brine disposal wells in Illinois are converted oil wells, 
 disposal techniques are controlled in large measure by the completion methods 
 used when the well was originally drilled. Normal procedure under these cir- 
 cumstances consists of injecting water either into the formation that previously 
 produced oil or into some suitable zone through perforations in the casing. 
 
 Where wells are drilled specifically for brine disposal, the casing string 
 - often cement-lined - is cemented solidly from bottom to top. The casing is 
 then perforated opposite the disposal zone. 
 
 Injection may be either through tubing set on a packer above the disposal 
 formation or directly into the formation from the casing string. Although a con- 
 siderable number of the wells take the brine by gravity flow most of them require 
 pumps operating at surface pressures that range from a few pounds to 400 or 500 
 pounds per square inch. One was reported to be 900 pounds. 
 
 Both closed and open systems are in use. In open systems the brine is 
 commonly stored in a pond or corrosion-resistant tank until a sufficient quantity 
 for injection has accumulated. 
 
 The chief troubles encountered in brine disposal are corrosion of equipment 
 and plugging of the disposal formation. Chemical treatment, especially acidiz- 
 ing, is commonly used to combat plugging of the formation. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 The cooperation of the forty oil companies who replied to the letters re- 
 questing data on brine disposal operations in Illinois is gratefully acknowledged. 
 Two of the companies reported no brine disposal wells in operation. Lester L. 
 Whiting of the Survey staff helped in preparing the section on technical prob- 
 lems of brine disposal. 
 
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Table 3. - Brine Disposal by Pools in Illinois 
 
 Pool: County 
 
 Aden South: Hamilton 
 
 Akin: Pranklin 
 
 Albion Cons.: Edwards, White 
 
 Allendale: Wabash, Lawrence 
 
 Barnhill: Wayne 
 
 Bartelso: Clinton 
 Bartelso East: Clinton 
 Beaucoup: Washington 
 Beaucoup South: Washington 
 Benton North: Franklin 
 
 Blairsville West: Hamilton 
 Bogota: Jasper 
 Bone Gap Cons.: Edwards 
 Boulder: Clinton 
 Bungay: Llamilton 
 
 Calhoun Cons . : Richland, Wayne 
 Centerville East: White 
 Centralia: Clinton, Marion 
 Clay City Cons . : Jasper, 
 Richland, Clay, Wayne 
 
 Clay City West: Clay 
 Coil West: Jefferson 
 Cooks Mills Cons.: Coles 
 Cordes: Washington 
 Dale Cons.: Hamilton, Saline, 
 Franklin 
 
 Divide East: Jefferson 
 Dundas East: Richland, Jasper 
 Elbridge: Edgar 
 Ellery Cons.: Edwards, Wayne 
 Ewing: Franklin 
 
 Exchange East: Marion 
 Friendsville Central: Wabash 
 Frogtown North: Clinton 
 Gays: Moultrie 
 Germantown East: Clinton 
 
 Golden Gate Cons.: Wayne , White 
 Herald Cons.: White, Gallatin 
 Inman West Cons. : Gallatin 
 Iola Cons.: Clay, Effingham 
 Irvington: Washington 
 
 Barrels per day 
 
 Number of 
 
 Average, Dec. 195 6 
 
 SWD wells 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 170 
 
 1 
 
 1,686 
 
 2 
 
 335 
 
 1 
 
 120 
 
 2 
 
 1,143 
 
 8 
 
 429 
 
 2 
 
 125 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 440 
 
 1 
 
 64 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 475 
 
 3 
 
 7,942 
 
 2 
 
 171 
 
 3 
 
 ne 1,5 60 
 
 7 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 18,482 
 
 9 
 
 84,065 
 
 211 
 
 260 
 
 1 
 
 148 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 656 
 
 2 
 
 5,715 
 
 23 
 
 389 
 
 1 
 
 170 
 
 1 
 
 2,830 
 
 6 
 
 90 
 
 1 
 
 85 
 
 1 
 
 105 
 
 1 
 
 520 
 
 1 
 
 3,362 
 
 3 
 
 65 
 
 1 
 
 1,200 
 
 1 
 
 lite 176 
 
 3 
 
 382 
 
 4 
 
 157 
 
 1 
 
 1,103 
 
 5 
 
 4,619 
 
 8 
 
RINE DISPOSAL IN ILLINOIS OIL FIELDS 
 
 11 
 
 Table 3. - Continued 
 
 Pool: County 
 
 Johnsonvllle Cons.: Wayne 
 Junction City: Marion 
 Kenner: Clay 
 Kenner North: Clay 
 King: Jefferson 
 
 Lawrence: Lawrence, Crawford 
 Long Branch: Saline, Hamilton 
 Louden: Fayette 
 McKinley: Washington 
 Main: Crawford 
 
 Marine: Madison 
 
 Markham City: Jefferson 
 
 Mason North: Effingham 
 
 Mattoon: Coles 
 
 Mill Shoals: White, Hamilton, 
 
 Wayne 7 27 
 
 Mt. Carmel: Wabash 145 
 
 New Harmony Cons.: White 1,078 
 
 New Memphis: Clinton 557 
 
 Okawville: Washington 50 
 
 OlneyCons.: Richland 552 
 
 Parkersburg Cons.: Richland, 
 
 Edwards 633 
 
 Patoka: Marion 5,295 
 
 Patoka East: Marion 94 
 
 Phillipstown Cons.: White , Edwards 273 
 
 Raccoon Lake: Marion 4,474 
 
 Raymond East: Montgomery 11 
 
 Reservoir: Jefferson 22 
 
 Rinard North: Wayne 50 
 
 Roaches: Jefferson 140 
 
 Roaches North: Jefferson 649 
 
 Roland Cons.: White, Gallatin 6,206 
 
 Ruark: Lawrence 1,448 
 
 Ritter: Richland 150 
 Sailor Springs Cons.: Clay, 
 
 Effingham 5,619 
 
 St. James: Fayette 1,905 
 
 Salem Cons.: Marion, Jefferson 70 
 
 Sumpter: White 100 
 
 Sumpter East: White 85 
 
 Tonti: Marion 1,032 
 
 Trumbull: White 429 
 
 St. Jacob: Madison 910 
 
 Barrels per 
 
 day 
 
 Number of 
 
 Average, Dec 
 
 . 1956 
 
 SWD wells 
 
 638 
 
 
 5 
 
 3,000 
 
 
 2 
 
 899 
 
 
 1 
 
 70 
 
 
 1 
 
 183 
 
 
 3 
 
 804 
 
 
 2 
 
 125 
 
 
 1 
 
 7,929 
 
 
 12 
 
 600 
 
 
 1 
 
 8,200 
 
 
 11 
 
 3,355 
 
 
 9 
 
 44 
 
 
 1 
 
 157 
 
 
 1 
 
 403 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 1 
 2 
 5 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 9 
 2 
 1 
 
 16 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
12 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Table 3, 
 
 Pool: County 
 
 Trumbull: White 
 Walpole: Hamilton 
 Whittington West: Franklin 
 Williams Consol.: Jefferson 
 Woburn Consol. : Bond 
 
 Woodlawn: Jefferson 
 Zenith South: Wayne 
 Miscellaneous pools 
 
 - Continued 
 
 Barrels per day 
 Average, Dec. 1956 
 
 429 
 276 
 
 75 
 1,000 
 2,506 
 
 2,184 
 
 460 
 
 4,261 
 
 Number of 
 SWD wells 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 33 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Bell, A. H. , Kline, Virginia, and Pierre, D. A., (in press) , Petroleum Industry 
 in Illinois in 195 6: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 83. 
 
 Pryor, W. A., Maxey, G. B. , and Parizek, R. R. , 1957, Sources of Ground- 
 water for Waterflooding in Illinois: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 80, p. 66. 
 
 Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 244 
 12 p. , 2 figs. , 3 tables, 1957 
 
ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL 
 SURVEY LIBRARY 
 

 CIRCULAR 244 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 URBANA